g_RbzCzvDYU-00000-00000100-00000334 Hello, welcome to Montevideo.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00001-00000354-00000520 My name is Ariel Seoane
g_RbzCzvDYU-00002-00000540-00000892 and I want to thank the Type Directors Club
g_RbzCzvDYU-00003-00000911-00001195 for this opportunity to share some of the
g_RbzCzvDYU-00004-00001198-00001560 typography you can find in Montevideo, in Uruguay.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00005-00001580-00002016 We are a small country in South America.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00006-00002036-00002604 And here we are in Buena Letra, this is a project of my wife and I.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00007-00002624-00003234 We have a small letterpress printing shop
g_RbzCzvDYU-00008-00003246-00003511 where we do workshops
g_RbzCzvDYU-00009-00003511-00004136 and we print some art pieces.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00010-00004156-00004464 We collect and restore
g_RbzCzvDYU-00011-00004484-00004740 old typgraphy.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00012-00004760-00005068 We have a collection of about five thousand
g_RbzCzvDYU-00013-00005088-00006048 pieces of wood type and several hundred thousand of metal type pieces.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00014-00006068-00006252 And
g_RbzCzvDYU-00015-00006272-00006404 here
g_RbzCzvDYU-00016-00006423-00007208 we do letterpress workshops, woodcutting workshops, calligraphy,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00017-00007228-00007664 cyanotype, all traditional
g_RbzCzvDYU-00018-00007684-00007884 antique graphic arts techniques.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00019-00007904-00008080 And
g_RbzCzvDYU-00020-00008100-00008448 here we are at the main
g_RbzCzvDYU-00021-00008528-00008748 room in the shop.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00022-00008768-00009120 This is "La Minerva".
g_RbzCzvDYU-00023-00009140-00009724 This is a platen press from around 1900.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00024-00009772-00010548 And this is one of the presses, the main and the most cherished one.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00025-00010568-00011104 We have some proof presses...
g_RbzCzvDYU-00026-00011176-00011520 I want to start the
g_RbzCzvDYU-00027-00011592-00011936 travel around Montevideo and its typography
g_RbzCzvDYU-00028-00011972-00012460 showing some of our favorite pieces of
g_RbzCzvDYU-00029-00012480-00012724 wood type in our collection.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00030-00012968-00013404 Here I printed some samples of
g_RbzCzvDYU-00031-00013460-00013788 a few of the favorite fonts we have
g_RbzCzvDYU-00032-00013808-00014268 and you can see them here.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00033-00014288-00014647 Here we start with
g_RbzCzvDYU-00034-00014696-00015280 a font or a set of fonts in two different sizes from Deberny, in Paris.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00035-00015516-00016268 This font is called Charactères Fantasques-Larges, it's from the late 1800s
g_RbzCzvDYU-00036-00016288-00017332 and the design is by Pierre Durouchail, a famous woodcutter and type designer from that time.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00037-00017656-00017864 This is
g_RbzCzvDYU-00038-00017892-00018688 probably the oldest sample of type we have in the shop, in the collection.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00039-00018708-00018880 These are cut by hand.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00040-00018900-00019448 I don't know if the camera shows the detail, but this is not machine-cut.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00041-00019468-00019692 This is hand-cut.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00042-00019712-00020520 And it's a Gothic Tuscan, probably from the mid-1800s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00043-00020572-00020756 The next sample
g_RbzCzvDYU-00044-00020776-00020944 is
g_RbzCzvDYU-00045-00020976-00021168 Série E
g_RbzCzvDYU-00046-00021216-00021584 from Jacoby et Fils, from Grenoble.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00047-00021604-00022144 And this is interesting because it combines the serifs
g_RbzCzvDYU-00048-00022164-00023460 typical of a Garland face with the heavy horizontal strokes of the Egyptians of the late 1800s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00049-00023676-00024002 You can see here the heavy
g_RbzCzvDYU-00050-00024022-00024844 horizontal strokes along the delicate curved serifs.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00051-00024864-00025216 And finally,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00052-00025252-00025732 another font that we haven't yet identified.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00053-00025752-00026348 This is probably from the early 1900s or late 1800s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00054-00026368-00027052 It's similar to Cyclopéen, from Peignot, from 1910.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00055-00027072-00027654 But this one is a serifed font. If you compare them
g_RbzCzvDYU-00056-00027674-00027872 most of the letters
g_RbzCzvDYU-00057-00027892-00028644 are pretty similar in structure, but this one is serifed instead of a sans serif.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00058-00029027-00029852 OK, so for the second part of the tour, we start at the Centro Gallego.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00059-00029854-00030556 This is a building from 1923. I selected it because it shows
g_RbzCzvDYU-00060-00030576-00031120 three of the main categories that we will be looking at today.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00061-00031139-00031708 It has sculpted and carved
g_RbzCzvDYU-00062-00031727-00032476 texts on the façade, it has decorated doors and it has a plaque.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00063-00032576-00032882 Let's start with plaques.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00064-00032902-00033176 Sometimes you will find
g_RbzCzvDYU-00065-00033196-00033804 a marble plaque in the doorway, but usually it's metal,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00066-00033824-00034296 it's either brass or bronze, sometimes
g_RbzCzvDYU-00067-00034316-00034856 in iron, but usually it's brass or bronze,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00068-00034876-00035268 these are the most common.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00069-00035288-00036125 You have some with beautiful decoration like this one on the Palacio Salvo.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00070-00036145-00036684 As you can see, all different styles of lettering,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00071-00036704-00037108 from Modern to Victorian,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00072-00037128-00037440 Gothic at times,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00073-00037516-00037808 all types of lettering.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00074-00037828-00038148 And this one in particular, I want to
g_RbzCzvDYU-00075-00038168-00038416 look for a minute, because we will find it again.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00076-00038436-00038844 This is from the mid-1940 or thereabout.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00077-00039140-00039888 On the doors you can see usually Monograms, sometimes a word.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00078-00039928-00040232 Bronze or more often
g_RbzCzvDYU-00079-00040252-00040620 forged iron, like this one, or this.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00080-00040640-00041320 Very different styles, many in Art Nouveau and Art Déco styles.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00081-00041340-00041916 And this particular one is a beautiful
g_RbzCzvDYU-00082-00041936-00042240 carved wood on the door itself,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00083-00042260-00042612 with J & C monogram.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00084-00042764-00043492 On the carved and sculpted façades, we can start in the 1800s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00085-00043512-00044156 This is one of the oldest buildings that show
g_RbzCzvDYU-00086-00044184-00044496 a plaque with the year of the inauguration.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00087-00044516-00045240 It has two different dates, because the building was originally built
g_RbzCzvDYU-00088-00045276-00046332 in 1810 by Tomás Toribio, and this is well before Uruguay was an independent country.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00089-00046352-00047156 This was for a jail, and in 1829, right before Uruguayans
g_RbzCzvDYU-00090-00047176-00047912 signed their first Constitution, the son of Tomás Toribio, José Toribio,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00091-00047932-00048236 was assigned the task of
g_RbzCzvDYU-00092-00048256-00048612 expanding the building to
g_RbzCzvDYU-00093-00048662-00049482 host some public offices, and in particular, the new newly created Parliament.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00094-00049492-00050122 The works extended for several decades and the building was finally
g_RbzCzvDYU-00095-00050296-00050788 finalized in 1868, as you can see here.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00096-00050828-00051462 Hospital de Caridad, from 1825, has some beautiful monogram,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00097-00051482-00052144 in a medallion, with the H and C from Hospital de Caridad.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00098-00052172-00052842 This one is from 1874 from the Crypt of El Señor de la Paciencia
g_RbzCzvDYU-00099-00052862-00053272 and has an interesting shape for the uppercase Q
g_RbzCzvDYU-00100-00053291-00053696 as you can see on the first line, the second word.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00101-00053740-00054076 Where it says "TU QUE PASAS MÍRAME"
g_RbzCzvDYU-00102-00054096-00054676 and the Q looks like a mirrored letter P.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00103-00054932-00055232 We have some other buildings from the late
g_RbzCzvDYU-00104-00055252-00056152 1800s, and then we go into the early 1900s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00105-00056172-00056428 This is from Trabucatti y Compañía,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00106-00056448-00056936 a hardware store and importer.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00107-00056955-00057404 Below that beautiful alligator
g_RbzCzvDYU-00108-00057424-00057724 you can see the T and C
g_RbzCzvDYU-00109-00057744-00057920 from Trabucatti and Company.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00110-00058067-00058432 And this is the Estación Central,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00111-00058452-00058696 or the streetcar Central Station.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00112-00058705-00059080 Was managed by the Sociedad Comercial de Montevideo,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00113-00059113-00059322 and on the right, on a medallion,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00114-00059325-00059641 you can see the SCM monogram.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00115-00059824-00060054 The Gas Company.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00116-00060113-00060429 The IAVA, the first highschool in Montevideo,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00117-00060440-00060640 from 1911.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00118-00060746-00061143 It has panels with the names of
g_RbzCzvDYU-00119-00061203-00061683 different important people in the history of science
g_RbzCzvDYU-00120-00061743-00061996 and literature and culture in general.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00121-00062686-00063407 Some other interesting and beautiful examples of lettering on the façades
g_RbzCzvDYU-00122-00063420-00063540 from the 1920s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00123-00063736-00064342 We have the... this one in particular I like very much,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00124-00064366-00064946 very Art Déco, and it’s from the Ateneo Popular,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00125-00064960-00065096 a cultural center
g_RbzCzvDYU-00126-00065103-00065603 run by the workers of the clothing industry.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00127-00065690-00066278 El Día was one of the main newspapers in the early 1900s,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00128-00066320-00067020 founded by José Batlle y Ordóñez, one of the presidents of Uruguay
g_RbzCzvDYU-00129-00067063-00067546 and one of the people that
g_RbzCzvDYU-00130-00067550-00068120 shaped what the Uruguayan idiosyncracy is, even today.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00131-00068253-00068693 The Cuerpo de Bomberos, the firefighters quarters.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00132-00068740-00069026 This one is interesting because
g_RbzCzvDYU-00133-00069046-00069498 they didn't disturb the vertical lines on the façade, so
g_RbzCzvDYU-00134-00069513-00070113 they carved the words just around the lines
g_RbzCzvDYU-00135-00070143-00070723 and that disturbed the "Minerva" on the right.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00136-00070723-00071153 You can see the kerning between the V and the A is not particularly good.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00137-00071636-00072216 We have many examples from the 1930s and 1940s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00138-00072236-00072926 This one, from the 1940s, is particularly nice, in my opinion.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00139-00073046-00073348 Then we go into the
g_RbzCzvDYU-00140-00073376-00073476 1950s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00141-00073513-00073941 Well, this is an older building, from the late 1800s, but
g_RbzCzvDYU-00142-00073960-00074413 it was repurposed, and the lettering is from that time, in the mid-1950s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00143-00074666-00075066 And with this we go into the metal lettering on façades.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00144-00075183-00075496 From the 1800s we can find some examples,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00145-00075516-00075876 not particularly notable.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00146-00075973-00076759 But, in the 1900s we begin to find some more interesting examples.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00147-00076883-00077383 This used to be a photography and optics laboratory
g_RbzCzvDYU-00148-00077496-00077746 and nowadays hosts a
g_RbzCzvDYU-00149-00077753-00078071 a library, a bookshop,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00150-00078086-00078876 and they kept, fortunately they kept the original lettering.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00151-00079143-00079593 Many buildings have these metal lettering,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00152-00079600-00079956 some in forged metal, some in molded metal.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00153-00080343-00080603 By the 1940s,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00154-00080610-00080916 it becomes more standardized,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00155-00080933-00081649 usually it's just letters that you bought and placed,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00156-00081663-00082063 not something that you had custom-made for a building.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00157-00082070-00082460 So, we begin to see more repetition in style
g_RbzCzvDYU-00158-00082466-00083089 and here you can see the lettering style that I mentioned earlier
g_RbzCzvDYU-00159-00083093-00083283 when we saw the plaques.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00160-00083290-00083760 And this is what you will see
g_RbzCzvDYU-00161-00083766-00084105 in most of the buildings from the 1940s and 1950s.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00162-00084383-00084796 The signatures from the architects and contractors
g_RbzCzvDYU-00163-00084853-00085111 are much more varied,  165 00:14:11,133 --> 00:14:15,413 and this remains even today.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00164-00085586-00086026 It's quite often that you can find the names of the architects and contractors
g_RbzCzvDYU-00165-00086030-00086490 on the façades, and the styles vary wildly.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00166-00086493-00086973 Even the same people, from one year to another
g_RbzCzvDYU-00167-00086973-00087200 might change the style of the lettering.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00168-00087356-00087492 To close the tour
g_RbzCzvDYU-00169-00087513-00087681 we will see some signs
g_RbzCzvDYU-00170-00087730-00087968 some hand-painted signs,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00171-00087976-00088256 mostly ghost signs nowadays,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00172-00088266-00088747 although some buildings still use their old
g_RbzCzvDYU-00173-00088750-00089169 hand-painted signs from a way ago
g_RbzCzvDYU-00174-00089366-00090026 We have also some volumetric lettering.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00175-00090030-00090600 Some with neon, some still working and preserved,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00176-00090606-00090896 some more or less abandoned.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00177-00090903-00091556 But many variations on those.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00178-00091563-00091943 And with this we end the tour,
g_RbzCzvDYU-00179-00091950-00092440 and I want to thank you for your time and interest.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00180-00092453-00092843 I want to thank again the Type Directors Club for the invitation
g_RbzCzvDYU-00181-00092846-00093170 and if you are interested in my work
g_RbzCzvDYU-00182-00093176-00093473 or the work we do at Buena Letra Shop
g_RbzCzvDYU-00183-00093480-00093743 you can find us on Instagram.
g_RbzCzvDYU-00184-00093760-00093950 Thank you!
gBIOGFSGWmM-00000-00001267-00001664 Pyramids are buildings that exist all over the world.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00001-00001664-00001948 They're the same in shape,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00002-00001948-00002252 where there's a wide base and one peak.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00003-00002252-00002494 In general, it is in the shape of a square cone,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00004-00002494-00002730 which means that the outer surface is a triangle,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00005-00002730-00003254 but we call a polygonal cone, as well as a square cone, a pyramid.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00006-00003254-00003676 In Chinese characters, it is also called Geumjatap because the
gBIOGFSGWmM-00007-00003676-00003922 pointed shape resembles the Chinese character 'Geum'(gold).
gBIOGFSGWmM-00008-00003922-00004423 When you think of pyramids, you typically think of pyramids in Egypt,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00009-00004423-00004931 but these types of buildings are found in many places around the world.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00010-00004931-00005157 For example, there's Chichen Itza in Mayan civilization.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00011-00005157-00005682 There are terraced stone pyramids used as   altars for Aztec South American civilizations.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00012-00005682-00005994 There are also tombs such as Goguryeo's General Tomb that
gBIOGFSGWmM-00013-00005994-00006338 can also be included in the pyramid form.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00014-00006338-00006853 Also, Ziggurat, an ancient building found in Mesopotamia,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00015-00006853-00007225 can be seen as a form of pyramid.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00016-00007225-00007481 If you look at the design of the pyramid, where most of its weight
gBIOGFSGWmM-00017-00007481-00007933 is concentrated on the bottom and a small pyramid is placed on the top,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00018-00007933-00008451 you can see that the pyramid does not have much material at the top,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00019-00008451-00008768 so less force is applied to the bottom.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00020-00008768-00009268 Ancient people were able to create stable and huge structures
gBIOGFSGWmM-00021-00009268-00009584 through this dispersion of power.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00022-00009584-00010077 For ages, pyramids have been made in many places around the world.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00023-00010077-00010472 Among them, if I were to pick a huge pyramids...
gBIOGFSGWmM-00024-00010472-00010830 First of all, there is the Great Pyramid
gBIOGFSGWmM-00025-00010830-00011093 in Cholula, Puebla, in eastern Mexico.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00026-00011093-00011667 Cholula Great Pyramid is 450m wide and 450m long at the base.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00027-00011667-00011946 It displays the world's largest scale,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00028-00011946-00012230 which is four times the size of the Egyptian Giza Pyramid.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00029-00012230-00012734 But most of it is buried in the ground, so it's not much of a tourist spot.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00030-00012734-00013231 The next biggest pyramids are in Egypt. 
gBIOGFSGWmM-00031-00013276-00013554 Dashur Necropolis' Red Pyramid
gBIOGFSGWmM-00032-00013577-00013888 and King Khufu's Great Pyramid.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00033-00013888-00014151 King Khufu's Great Pyramid
gBIOGFSGWmM-00034-00014151-00014517 is one of the remaining seven wonders of the world,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00035-00014517-00014768 due to its perfect accuracy.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00036-00015272-00015871 Mesopotamians made early pyramids, called Ziggurat.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00037-00015894-00016416 At the time of construction, it was splendidly painted with gold and bronze,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00038-00016416-00016736 but it is made of sun-dried mud bricks,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00039-00016736-00017052 so there is little that remains now.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00040-00017052-00017354 These ziggurats were created for religious reasons
gBIOGFSGWmM-00041-00017354-00017868 in Sumer, Babylon, Elam, Akkad, Assyria, etc.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00042-00017998-00018333 Each Ziggurat was part of a temple complex,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00043-00018333-00018698 which included other buildings as well.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00044-00018698-00019134 The first Ziggurat was made on flat land,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00045-00019134-00019578 dating back to the Ubaid period in 4000 BC.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00046-00019578-00020097 The oldest Ziggurats were built starting at the end of the early dynasty.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00047-00020097-00020413 The latest Mesopotamian Ziggurat
gBIOGFSGWmM-00048-00020413-00020762 was built after 600 BC.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00049-00020762-00021264 The ziggurat is built in the form of each floor getting smaller and smaller
gBIOGFSGWmM-00050-00021264-00021683 on a rectangular, oval, or square flat ground.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00051-00021683-00022106 It was a pyramid structure with a flat top.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00052-00022106-00022461 The inside of the ziggurat is made of sun-dried bricks,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00053-00022461-00022928 and the front of the fireproof bricks faces outward.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00054-00022928-00023437 There were many cases   where they applied glaze of various colors on the front of the bricks.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00055-00023437-00023760 It is presumed to have been related to astrology.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00056-00023760-00024007 Some kings also had
gBIOGFSGWmM-00057-00024007-00024329 their names engraved on glazed bricks.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00058-00024329-00024623 The number of floors ranged from the 2 to 7.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00059-00024623-00024874 It is presumed that a temple was placed at the top,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00060-00024874-00025162 but there is no archaeological evidence for this.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00061-00025162-00025389 The only evidence is the description
gBIOGFSGWmM-00062-00025389-00025785 given by Greek historian, Herodotus.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00063-00025785-00026449 To climb to the temple, you would have used a ramp on one side of the ziggurat
gBIOGFSGWmM-00064-00026449-00026850 or a spiral ramp from the bottom to the top.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00065-00026850-00027243 The most famous pyramid is the Egyptian pyramid.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00066-00027243-00027627 Some of the pyramids made of bricks and stones
gBIOGFSGWmM-00067-00027627-00027983 are among the largest in the world.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00068-00027983-00028186 The forms of such pyramids
gBIOGFSGWmM-00069-00028186-00028493 are based on the sunlight.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00070-00028493-00028754 Most of the surfaces are smooth,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00071-00028754-00029051 and they are made of reflective white limestone,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00072-00029051-00029373 so they shine very brightly from a distance.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00073-00029373-00029830 Capstone is usually made of hard stone such as granite or basalt.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00074-00029855-00030213 In some cases, it was plated with gold, silver, or electrum,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00075-00030213-00030480 so it reflected light very well.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00076-00030480-00030782 Ancient Egyptians built pyramids
gBIOGFSGWmM-00077-00030782-00031187 from 2700 BC to 1700 BC.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00078-00031187-00031427 The first pyramid was built by Pharaoh Djoser
gBIOGFSGWmM-00079-00031427-00031733 and architect Imhotep
gBIOGFSGWmM-00080-00031733-00032095 during the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00081-00032095-00032533 The stepped pyramid consists of six trapezoidal tombs.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00082-00032547-00032769 The largest Egyptian pyramids are
gBIOGFSGWmM-00083-00032769-00033094 those in the Giza pyramid group.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00084-00033094-00033353 Today, it was the first lecture on the world's pyramids.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00085-00033353-00033585 We looked at how Pyramids are found
gBIOGFSGWmM-00086-00033585-00033987 not only in Egypt but also in various parts of the world.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00087-00033987-00034281 In the next video on pyramids,
gBIOGFSGWmM-00088-00034281-00034696 we will take a look at pyramids in Egypt, Sudan, and Nigeria.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00089-00034696-00034941 Thanks for watching till the end.
gBIOGFSGWmM-00090-00034941-00035077 Have a peaceful day.
gC1viTXu8lA-00000-00050299-00050762 If you're inspired by these student projects, you can find a lot of ideas on
gC1viTXu8lA-00001-00050762-00051314 our website: makefashion.org/edu Our channel has feature videos on
gC1viTXu8lA-00002-00051314-00051725 individual student projects as well as tech and instructional teaching videos
gC1viTXu8lA-00003-00051725-00052307 with more coming soon. MakeFashion Edu is supported by the 501c3 non profit
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gC1viTXu8lA-00005-00052739-00053138 through patreon at the link below.  we also have a new book that features last
gC1viTXu8lA-00006-00053138-00053609 year's collection of amazing student work as well as tech kits for your own
gC1viTXu8lA-00007-00053609-00054026 projects that we source and assemble ourselves. And if you are creating your
gC1viTXu8lA-00008-00054026-00054557 own cool fashion tech project send it to us on social media. We're on Facebook
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gC1viTXu8lA-00010-00055058-00055495 your ideas and help grow the fashion tech community.
gDC8hzjkX8y-00000-00000010-00000587 REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER IN
gDC8hzjkX8y-00001-00000587-00000593 REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER IN  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00002-00000593-00000623 REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER IN MINNESOTA.
gDC8hzjkX8y-00003-00000623-00000630 REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER IN MINNESOTA.  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00004-00000630-00000697 REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER IN MINNESOTA. >>> LONGTIME DEMOCRATIC STATE 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00005-00000697-00000704 MINNESOTA. >>> LONGTIME DEMOCRATIC STATE   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00006-00000704-00000770 MINNESOTA. >>> LONGTIME DEMOCRATIC STATE  REPRESENTATIVE TINA LIEBLING IS
gDC8hzjkX8y-00007-00000770-00000777 >>> LONGTIME DEMOCRATIC STATE  REPRESENTATIVE TINA LIEBLING IS  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00008-00000777-00000850 >>> LONGTIME DEMOCRATIC STATE  REPRESENTATIVE TINA LIEBLING IS ENDING HER CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNO 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00009-00000850-00000857 REPRESENTATIVE TINA LIEBLING IS ENDING HER CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNO   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00010-00000857-00000927 REPRESENTATIVE TINA LIEBLING IS ENDING HER CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNO  THE ROCHESTER LAWMAKER ANNOUNCE 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00011-00000927-00000934 ENDING HER CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNO  THE ROCHESTER LAWMAKER ANNOUNCE   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00012-00000934-00001164 ENDING HER CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNO  THE ROCHESTER LAWMAKER ANNOUNCE  MONDAY SHE IS DROPPING FROM THE 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00013-00001164-00001171 THE ROCHESTER LAWMAKER ANNOUNCE  MONDAY SHE IS DROPPING FROM THE   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00014-00001171-00001341 THE ROCHESTER LAWMAKER ANNOUNCE  MONDAY SHE IS DROPPING FROM THE  LIEBLING HAD STRUGGLED TO GAIN 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00015-00001341-00001348 MONDAY SHE IS DROPPING FROM THE  LIEBLING HAD STRUGGLED TO GAIN   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00016-00001348-00001454 MONDAY SHE IS DROPPING FROM THE  LIEBLING HAD STRUGGLED TO GAIN  TRACTION AND FUNDRAISING IN THE
gDC8hzjkX8y-00017-00001454-00001461 LIEBLING HAD STRUGGLED TO GAIN  TRACTION AND FUNDRAISING IN THE  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00018-00001461-00001531 LIEBLING HAD STRUGGLED TO GAIN  TRACTION AND FUNDRAISING IN THE WIDE-OPEN RACE TO REPLACE 
gDC8hzjkX8y-00019-00001531-00001538 TRACTION AND FUNDRAISING IN THE WIDE-OPEN RACE TO REPLACE   
gDC8hzjkX8y-00020-00001538-00001741 TRACTION AND FUNDRAISING IN THE WIDE-OPEN RACE TO REPLACE  GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON. SHE SAYS
gDC8hzjkX8y-00021-00001741-00001748 WIDE-OPEN RACE TO REPLACE  GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON. SHE SAYS  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00022-00001748-00001941 WIDE-OPEN RACE TO REPLACE  GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON. SHE SAYS IT WAS CLEAR SHE COULD NOT WIN
gDC8hzjkX8y-00023-00001941-00001948 GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON. SHE SAYS IT WAS CLEAR SHE COULD NOT WIN  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00024-00001948-00002148 GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON. SHE SAYS IT WAS CLEAR SHE COULD NOT WIN THE DFL ENDORSEMENT. HER EXIT
gDC8hzjkX8y-00025-00002148-00002155 IT WAS CLEAR SHE COULD NOT WIN THE DFL ENDORSEMENT. HER EXIT  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00026-00002155-00002372 IT WAS CLEAR SHE COULD NOT WIN THE DFL ENDORSEMENT. HER EXIT LEAVES U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TIM
gDC8hzjkX8y-00027-00002372-00002379 THE DFL ENDORSEMENT. HER EXIT LEAVES U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TIM  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00028-00002379-00002502 THE DFL ENDORSEMENT. HER EXIT LEAVES U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TIM WALZ, STATE AUDITOR, REBECCA
gDC8hzjkX8y-00029-00002502-00002509 LEAVES U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TIM WALZ, STATE AUDITOR, REBECCA  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00030-00002509-00002706 LEAVES U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TIM WALZ, STATE AUDITOR, REBECCA OTTO, AND AND STATE REP ERIN
gDC8hzjkX8y-00031-00002706-00002712 WALZ, STATE AUDITOR, REBECCA OTTO, AND AND STATE REP ERIN  
gDC8hzjkX8y-00032-00002712-00002766 WALZ, STATE AUDITOR, REBECCA OTTO, AND AND STATE REP ERIN MURPHY IN THE RACE ON THE DEMOC 
gFqyWgJltgy-00000-00000720-00001328 Come fly with me. Let's fly, let's fly away!
gFqyWgJltgy-00001-00001440-00002143 If you could use an exciting cruise, there's an island you could stay!
gFqyWgJltgy-00002-00002143-00002751 Come fly with me, let's play the day away!
gFqyWgJltgy-00003-00002864-00003471 Come fly with me, let's dive into the blue!
gFqyWgJltgy-00004-00003584-00004296 On this island there is not a plan, but there are DIYs for you!
gFqyWgJltgy-00005-00004296-00004924 Come fly with me, there's so much we can do!
gFqyWgJltgy-00006-00004924-00005742 Once we're on the island,  there the villagers will smile
gFqyWgJltgy-00007-00005742-00006344 For a while, ah!! What an isle!
gFqyWgJltgy-00008-00006344-00007295 Once we're on the island, we can swim from shore to sea!
gFqyWgJltgy-00009-00007295-00007958 You will be full of glee, cause we're together!
gFqyWgJltgy-00010-00007958-00008586 Later on, let's run while the sun sets!
gFqyWgJltgy-00011-00008586-00008938 We'll water plants, maybe do a dance
gFqyWgJltgy-00012-00008938-00009312 and we'll listen to K.K.!
gFqyWgJltgy-00013-00009312-00009980 It's perfect if you need to get away, they say!
gFqyWgJltgy-00014-00009980-00010200 Come fly with me,
gFqyWgJltgy-00015-00010200-00010652 let's play the day away!
gFqyWgJltgy-00016-00010652-00010968 Hey, uh, yo, Orville?
gFqyWgJltgy-00017-00010968-00011142 I don't know if you were listening before but--
gFqyWgJltgy-00018-00011142-00011374 I actually don't have a pack of tissues
gFqyWgJltgy-00019-00011374-00011626 I was hoping there'd be one on the desk here maybe???
gFqyWgJltgy-00020-00011626-00011864 There's like... a lot of flowers on the island!
gFqyWgJltgy-00021-00011864-00012184 it's super pretty, don't get me wrong, but if you happen to find some...
gFqyWgJltgy-00022-00012184-00012656 could you leave them over here? Thanks!
gFqyWgJltgy-00023-00012778-00013656 Once we're on the island we can find a spot to fish
gFqyWgJltgy-00024-00013656-00013900 Hear nets swish--
gFqyWgJltgy-00025-00013900-00014104 Hey, wait, look!
gFqyWgJltgy-00026-00014104-00014213 Make a wish!
gFqyWgJltgy-00027-00014213-00015144 Once we're on the island We can view the stars so clear!
gFqyWgJltgy-00028-00015159-00015836 Enjoy the pier, cause when we're here we're birds of a feather!
gFqyWgJltgy-00029-00015836-00016478 Otherwise there's just a bill to pay... oh yeah...
gFqyWgJltgy-00030-00016478-00016656 And when it's done,
gFqyWgJltgy-00031-00016656-00017200 we can have a run and enjoy the beach today!
gFqyWgJltgy-00032-00017200-00017886 It's perfect if you need to get away, they say!
gFqyWgJltgy-00033-00017886-00018087 Come fly with me,
gFqyWgJltgy-00034-00018088-00018422 let's fly, let's fly!
gFqyWgJltgy-00035-00018532-00019168 Come on, let's play today!
gFqyWgJltgy-00036-00019168-00019984 See you later! Bye bye!!
gFqyWgJltgy-00037-00020684-00021696 thank you for enjoying my passion project :)
gLU1npdq8e8-00000-00000023-00000202 Hello, and welcome to Bay College's video
gLU1npdq8e8-00001-00000202-00000420 lectures for intermediate algebra.
gLU1npdq8e8-00002-00000420-00000792 We're going to look at section 5.4, which is solving equations
gLU1npdq8e8-00003-00000792-00000975 with rational expressions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00004-00000975-00001246 Hopefully we will recall, when solving equations,
gLU1npdq8e8-00005-00001246-00001455 we can use the properties of equalities.
gLU1npdq8e8-00006-00001455-00001762 What we do to one side, we can do to the other,
gLU1npdq8e8-00007-00001762-00002026 as long as we don't change the value
gLU1npdq8e8-00008-00002026-00002209 of either side of the equation.
gLU1npdq8e8-00009-00002209-00002366 We can only change its appearance
gLU1npdq8e8-00010-00002366-00002752 and make an equivalent equation.
gLU1npdq8e8-00011-00002752-00002805 Excuse me.
gLU1npdq8e8-00012-00002805-00002980 Let's take a look at this one here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00013-00002980-00003586 We have 5/12x minus 2/3 equals negative 7/12x minus 5/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00014-00003586-00003996 Now, don't be intimidated by all these fractions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00015-00003996-00004283 We're going to solve this in two different ways.
gLU1npdq8e8-00016-00004283-00004628 The first one is to just combine our x's to one side
gLU1npdq8e8-00017-00004628-00004775 of the equation, like we would do
gLU1npdq8e8-00018-00004775-00005075 if there weren't any fractions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00019-00005075-00005475 We would just add 7/12x to both sides, or add this value.
gLU1npdq8e8-00020-00005475-00005640 So that's what I'm going to do.
gLU1npdq8e8-00021-00005640-00005958 I'm going to add 7/12x to this side
gLU1npdq8e8-00022-00005958-00006237 so that this will cancel out, but using the properties
gLU1npdq8e8-00023-00006237-00006809 of equality, what I do to one side I have to do to the other.
gLU1npdq8e8-00024-00006809-00007156 And now I can combine these, 5/12 and 7/12.
gLU1npdq8e8-00025-00007156-00007458 Since they have the same denominator, that's convenient.
gLU1npdq8e8-00026-00007458-00007837 We'll get 12/12, which is just 1x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00027-00007837-00008226 And I'm going to rewrite the rest of the problem.
gLU1npdq8e8-00028-00008226-00008503 x minus 2/3 equals negative 5/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00029-00008503-00008691 So it's looking a little nicer.
gLU1npdq8e8-00030-00008691-00008942 Now I need to get x by itself.
gLU1npdq8e8-00031-00008942-00009642 I'm going to add 2/3 to both sides so that this cancels out,
gLU1npdq8e8-00032-00009642-00009996 and it leaves me with x equals negative 5/6 plus 2/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00033-00009996-00010202 Well, they don't have a common denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00034-00010202-00010442 So I would have to make them a common denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00035-00010442-00010682 So I'd have to multiply this one by 2/2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00036-00010682-00010837 So I'd get 4/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00037-00010837-00011192 4/6 minus 5/6 is negative 1/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00038-00011192-00011395 So we found the solution, and we can
gLU1npdq8e8-00039-00011395-00011632 plug it back in and check it.
gLU1npdq8e8-00040-00011632-00011755 But there's another method.
gLU1npdq8e8-00041-00011755-00011993 And if you're intimidated by fractions,
gLU1npdq8e8-00042-00011993-00012204 this is going to be a preferred method.
gLU1npdq8e8-00043-00012204-00012553 Because of the property of equalities, what I can do
gLU1npdq8e8-00044-00012553-00012810 is what I do to one side, I do to the other.
gLU1npdq8e8-00045-00012810-00012949 I'm not changing the value.
gLU1npdq8e8-00046-00012949-00013272 So let me erase all but the solution
gLU1npdq8e8-00047-00013272-00013721 so we can see that the method we're about to look at works.
gLU1npdq8e8-00048-00013721-00013986 To eliminate the fractions we can
gLU1npdq8e8-00049-00013986-00014612 use the property of equality and multiply through by the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00050-00014612-00014903 So the first thing we have to do is determine the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00051-00014903-00015256 Well, our denominators are 12, 3, 12, and 6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00052-00015256-00015822 The least common denominator of these denominators is 12.
gLU1npdq8e8-00053-00015822-00016176 If I multiply every term by 12,
gLU1npdq8e8-00054-00016176-00016398 I'm using that property of equality.
gLU1npdq8e8-00055-00016398-00016679 I'm going to multiply this entire side
gLU1npdq8e8-00056-00016679-00017096 of the equation by 12 and this entire side of the equation
gLU1npdq8e8-00057-00017096-00017212 by 12.
gLU1npdq8e8-00058-00017212-00017618 And when I do that, I simply distribute 12 times 5/12x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00059-00017618-00018016 Well, the 12's cancel, leaving me with 5x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00060-00018016-00018547 12 times negative 3/2, well 12/3 is 4 times negative
gLU1npdq8e8-00061-00018547-00018862 2 is negative 8.
gLU1npdq8e8-00062-00018862-00018988 Now we move to this side.
gLU1npdq8e8-00063-00018988-00019505 12 times negative 7/12 is negative 7x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00064-00019505-00020021 12 times negative 5/6, well 12/6 is 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00065-00020021-00020379 2 times negative 5 is negative 10.
gLU1npdq8e8-00066-00020379-00020909 Now it's essentially an equation without any fractions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00067-00020909-00021198 And we've dealt with these many of times in the past.
gLU1npdq8e8-00068-00021198-00021621 So I'm going to again get my x's together, add 7x to both sides.
gLU1npdq8e8-00069-00022293-00022465 And then get the x by itself.
gLU1npdq8e8-00070-00022465-00022631 Add 8 to both sides.
gLU1npdq8e8-00071-00022974-00023573 Then divide by 12 to get x, a coefficient of 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00072-00023573-00023885 Well, let's show that step.
gLU1npdq8e8-00073-00023885-00024320 Negative 2/12, since this reduces to 1x, negative 2/12
gLU1npdq8e8-00074-00024320-00024426 can also reduce.
gLU1npdq8e8-00075-00024426-00024595 They have a common factor of 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00076-00024595-00024797 I get negative 1/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00077-00024797-00025124 And if we look at this and we look at this,
gLU1npdq8e8-00078-00025124-00025363 we got the exact same value.
gLU1npdq8e8-00079-00025363-00025657 So it doesn't matter which method you use.
gLU1npdq8e8-00080-00025657-00025886 But sometimes clearing those fractions
gLU1npdq8e8-00081-00025886-00026156 is going to be very beneficial using
gLU1npdq8e8-00082-00026156-00026358 that property of equality, especially when we
gLU1npdq8e8-00083-00026358-00026525 get into rational expressions where
gLU1npdq8e8-00084-00026525-00026933 we have x's in denominators instead of just numbers.
gLU1npdq8e8-00085-00026933-00027181 So let's look at some of those examples.
gLU1npdq8e8-00086-00027181-00027598 Here I have 5 divided by x plus 1
gLU1npdq8e8-00087-00027598-00027950 divided by 6 equals 23 divided by 6x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00088-00027950-00028120 So I want to clear these fractions
gLU1npdq8e8-00089-00028120-00028339 because we have x's in denominators.
gLU1npdq8e8-00090-00028339-00028589 But before I do that, I'm going to recall
gLU1npdq8e8-00091-00028589-00028851 domain restrictions, or restrictions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00092-00028851-00029127 If x is 0, this becomes undefined,
gLU1npdq8e8-00093-00029127-00029282 and that becomes undefined.
gLU1npdq8e8-00094-00029282-00029633 So I know that x cannot equal 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00095-00029633-00029836 We do not want to divide by 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00096-00029836-00030151 So if I find a solution that says x is 0,
gLU1npdq8e8-00097-00030151-00030423 I know that that's not a valid solution because
gLU1npdq8e8-00098-00030423-00030599 of its restriction.
gLU1npdq8e8-00099-00030599-00030649 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00100-00030649-00030851 So let's go ahead and find the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00101-00030851-00031164 Well, we have a factor of x and a factor of 6,
gLU1npdq8e8-00102-00031164-00031591 and a combination of those factors, my LCD would be 6x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00103-00031591-00032114 So I'm going to multiply both sides of the equation
gLU1npdq8e8-00104-00032114-00032358 by the least common denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00105-00032358-00032701 If I distribute this term to this term,
gLU1npdq8e8-00106-00032701-00032953 we end up canceling the x's, which
gLU1npdq8e8-00107-00032953-00033308 leaves me 6 times 5, which is just 30.
gLU1npdq8e8-00108-00033308-00033645 6x times 1/6, the 6's reduce, and it leaves me
gLU1npdq8e8-00109-00033645-00033893 with just an x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00110-00033893-00034434 Here, the 6x cancels the 6x, leaving me with just 23.
gLU1npdq8e8-00111-00034434-00034663 Well, that seems like a pretty simple equation now.
gLU1npdq8e8-00112-00034663-00034953 I can subtract 30 from both sides,
gLU1npdq8e8-00113-00034953-00035204 and I find x equals negative 7.
gLU1npdq8e8-00114-00035204-00035566 The nice thing about equations is I can always check my work.
gLU1npdq8e8-00115-00035566-00035780 And I didn't get 0, so I don't have
gLU1npdq8e8-00116-00035780-00035918 to worry about a restriction.
gLU1npdq8e8-00117-00035918-00036135 I can plug this value back in.
gLU1npdq8e8-00118-00036135-00036353 So let's plug it in just to check our work.
gLU1npdq8e8-00119-00036353-00036846 Negative 7 in here would give me negative 5/7,
gLU1npdq8e8-00120-00036846-00037553 plus 1/6, equals 23 over 6 times negative 7
gLU1npdq8e8-00121-00037553-00037971 would be 23 over negative 42.
gLU1npdq8e8-00122-00037971-00038204 So negative 23/42.
gLU1npdq8e8-00123-00038204-00038378 Well, let's see if this is true.
gLU1npdq8e8-00124-00038378-00038556 In order to add or subtract fractions,
gLU1npdq8e8-00125-00038556-00038719 they have to have a common denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00126-00038719-00039161 So I'd have to give this a 6/6 and this one a 7/7
gLU1npdq8e8-00127-00039161-00039478 to get that common denominator of 42.
gLU1npdq8e8-00128-00039478-00039797 So I get negative 30-- I'll write it over here--
gLU1npdq8e8-00129-00039797-00040161 over 42 plus 7/42.
gLU1npdq8e8-00130-00040438-00040727 Does that equal negative 23/42?
gLU1npdq8e8-00131-00040727-00040963 Well, negative 30 plus 7 is in fact
gLU1npdq8e8-00132-00040963-00041345 negative 23 over that common denominator of 42.
gLU1npdq8e8-00133-00041345-00041506 It's a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00134-00041506-00041933 So I know x equals 7 is my solution
gLU1npdq8e8-00135-00041933-00042304 to this equation with rational expressions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00136-00042304-00042382 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00137-00042382-00042633 Let's move on to the next example.
gLU1npdq8e8-00138-00042633-00042853 Here, we don't just have an x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00139-00042853-00043438 We actually have the difference of x and 5, x minus 5 here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00140-00043438-00043717 And if we look, that's the only thing I have in denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00141-00043717-00043900 So that is my LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00142-00043900-00044120 I'm going to do the exact same thing.
gLU1npdq8e8-00143-00044120-00044462 Multiply by that common denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00144-00044724-00045097 And when I do that, I distribute it to this first term here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00145-00045097-00045634 The x minus 5 would cancel, leaving me with just 3x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00146-00045634-00045810 When I distribute it to the next term,
gLU1npdq8e8-00147-00045810-00045997 I'd have 2 times this quantity.
gLU1npdq8e8-00148-00045997-00046169 I have to distribute it.
gLU1npdq8e8-00149-00046169-00046507 So I get 2x minus 10.
gLU1npdq8e8-00150-00046507-00046811 2 times x, 2 times negative 5.
gLU1npdq8e8-00151-00046811-00047094 Here, the denominator here cancels.
gLU1npdq8e8-00152-00047094-00047643 x minus 5 over x minus 5 reduces to 1 times 4x is just 4x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00153-00047643-00047975 And now I have a simplified equation that I can solve.
gLU1npdq8e8-00154-00047975-00048130 Well, I can combine like terms.
gLU1npdq8e8-00155-00048130-00048321 3x and 2x is 5x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00156-00048775-00049018 But I want to get my x's on one side of the equation.
gLU1npdq8e8-00157-00049018-00049294 So I'm going to subtract 4 x's from both sides,
gLU1npdq8e8-00158-00049294-00049825 and that's going to leave me with 1x minus 10 equals 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00159-00049825-00050007 Because 4x minus 4x is 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00160-00050007-00050240 Something has to be left on that right side.
gLU1npdq8e8-00161-00050240-00050825 And now I can add 10 to both sides, and I get x equals 10.
gLU1npdq8e8-00162-00050825-00051063 So let's go ahead and check our work here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00163-00051063-00051373 Go back to the original equation and plug in that value.
gLU1npdq8e8-00164-00051373-00051629 3 times 10 is 30.
gLU1npdq8e8-00165-00051629-00051945 10 minus 5 is 5.
gLU1npdq8e8-00166-00051945-00052948 Plus 2 equals 4 times 10 is 40, 10 minus 5 is 5.
gLU1npdq8e8-00167-00052948-00053255 So 30 divided by 5, well that's 6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00168-00053255-00053515 6 plus 2 is 8.
gLU1npdq8e8-00169-00053515-00053758 40 divided by 5 is also 8.
gLU1npdq8e8-00170-00053758-00054011 8 equals 8 is a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00171-00054011-00054262 So I know I have the right answer.
gLU1npdq8e8-00172-00054262-00054512 Always check your work.
gLU1npdq8e8-00173-00054512-00054591 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00174-00054591-00054746 If we look at this one here, it looks
gLU1npdq8e8-00175-00054746-00054927 a little bit more complex.
gLU1npdq8e8-00176-00054927-00055271 One thing we have to do is determine that domain.
gLU1npdq8e8-00177-00055271-00055516 If we look at any restrictions here,
gLU1npdq8e8-00178-00055516-00055724 the first thing we'd have to do is factor.
gLU1npdq8e8-00179-00055724-00056133 And hopefully we recognize this as the difference of squares.
gLU1npdq8e8-00180-00056133-00056640 Because 9x squared is the square of 3 times x, and 1
gLU1npdq8e8-00181-00056640-00056878 is a perfect square of 1 times 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00182-00056878-00057062 So I'm going to factor this.
gLU1npdq8e8-00183-00057062-00057507 3x plus 1, 3x minus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00184-00057507-00057742 Now to determine the LCD, we just
gLU1npdq8e8-00185-00057742-00057915 have to say, well, what are our factors?
gLU1npdq8e8-00186-00057915-00058258 I have 3x plus 1 and 3x minus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00187-00058258-00058451 Those two factors are the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00188-00058788-00059194 3x plus 1, 3x minus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00189-00059194-00059619 So I'm going to multiply both sides of this equation
gLU1npdq8e8-00190-00059619-00059709 by my LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00191-00060059-00060291 What I do to one side I do to the other.
gLU1npdq8e8-00192-00060842-00061066 Now, when I multiply by this side,
gLU1npdq8e8-00193-00061066-00061545 the 3x plus 1's would cancel, leaving me
gLU1npdq8e8-00194-00061545-00061785 with 3x minus 1 times 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00195-00061785-00062079 Well that's just 3x minus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00196-00062079-00062357 If I multiply these two factors times here,
gLU1npdq8e8-00197-00062357-00062628 well since this factored to those two factors,
gLU1npdq8e8-00198-00062628-00063070 the whole thing would cancel, leaving me with just 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00199-00063070-00063386 And then when I multiply this term by this LCD,
gLU1npdq8e8-00200-00063386-00063729 these two factors, the 3x minus 1's would cancel,
gLU1npdq8e8-00201-00063729-00064083 and it would leave me with negative 1 times 3x plus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00202-00064083-00064298 I actually have to distribute that negative 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00203-00064298-00064478 Don't make a sign error.
gLU1npdq8e8-00204-00064478-00064883 Negative 1 times 3x is negative 3x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00205-00064883-00065279 Negative 1 times 1 is negative 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00206-00065279-00065507 Now, I have no more fractions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00207-00065507-00065862 I'm ready to combine like terms, get my x by itself.
gLU1npdq8e8-00208-00065862-00066429 So I'm going to add 3x to both sides and combine this value.
gLU1npdq8e8-00209-00066429-00066615 2 minus 1 is just 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00210-00066615-00066909 So I have 6x minus 1 equals 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00211-00066909-00067228 Add 1 to both sides.
gLU1npdq8e8-00212-00067228-00067364 6x equals 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00213-00067364-00067562 Divide both sides by 6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00214-00067562-00067810 x equals 3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00215-00067810-00068032 Now, if we look at this, x equals
gLU1npdq8e8-00216-00068032-00068686 3, we can plug it back in-- or excuse me, divide by 6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00217-00068686-00068943 I'd get 1/3, 2/6.
gLU1npdq8e8-00218-00068943-00069228 Excuse me, I wrote its reciprocal.
gLU1npdq8e8-00219-00069228-00069304 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00220-00069304-00069530 Well, the first thing I should have done
gLU1npdq8e8-00221-00069530-00069900 was determine, what is my restriction?
gLU1npdq8e8-00222-00069900-00070074 I cannot divide by 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00223-00070074-00070469 And if we look at this here, what would make this value 0?
gLU1npdq8e8-00224-00070469-00070652 My LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00225-00070652-00070957 If any part of this is 0, then it would be undefined.
gLU1npdq8e8-00226-00070957-00071074 So what are my restrictions?
gLU1npdq8e8-00227-00071074-00071569 Well, if this one is 0, I cannot have negative 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00228-00071569-00071905 And actually, I should write it right here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00229-00071905-00072240 That would be a restriction, x equals negative 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00230-00072240-00072504 Or, x equals positive 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00231-00072504-00072780 Well, if I look at my solution, I got 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00232-00072780-00072951 That's a domain restriction.
gLU1npdq8e8-00233-00072951-00073128 x cannot be 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00234-00073128-00073443 So I have to disregard this solution.
gLU1npdq8e8-00235-00073443-00073802 If I were to plug it in to find if it works,
gLU1npdq8e8-00236-00073802-00074099 I'd actually find that this value would be 0,
gLU1npdq8e8-00237-00074099-00074330 and this value would be 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00238-00074330-00074453 I'm dividing by 0.
gLU1npdq8e8-00239-00074453-00074573 It's undefined.
gLU1npdq8e8-00240-00074573-00074892 This problem has no solution.
gLU1npdq8e8-00241-00074892-00075265 That is the answer, no solution.
gLU1npdq8e8-00242-00075265-00075315 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00243-00075315-00075572 The next thing we're going to look at is proportions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00244-00075572-00075739 Proportions are just when we have
gLU1npdq8e8-00245-00075739-00076166 a ratio, which is something divided by another something.
gLU1npdq8e8-00246-00076166-00076263 Maybe they have units.
gLU1npdq8e8-00247-00076263-00076368 Maybe they don't.
gLU1npdq8e8-00248-00076368-00076560 In this case, we're just dealing with numbers.
gLU1npdq8e8-00249-00076560-00076768 And this is one we should be familiar with.
gLU1npdq8e8-00250-00076768-00077228 A ratio of 1/4 set equal to another ratio
gLU1npdq8e8-00251-00077228-00077383 is what we call a proportion.
gLU1npdq8e8-00252-00077383-00077814 By definition, it is a ratio equal to another ratio.
gLU1npdq8e8-00253-00077814-00078383 When we have that, if we look at this, 1 is to 4 as 2 is to 8.
gLU1npdq8e8-00254-00078383-00078508 Well, that's a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00255-00078508-00078761 If we think one car has four tires--
gLU1npdq8e8-00256-00078761-00078971 maybe we're applying some units-- then
gLU1npdq8e8-00257-00078971-00079216 two cars would have eight tires.
gLU1npdq8e8-00258-00079216-00079334 That's a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00259-00079334-00079517 That is a proportion.
gLU1npdq8e8-00260-00079517-00079776 Now, when it comes to solving equations
gLU1npdq8e8-00261-00079776-00080166 that contain proportions, we can do it just as we did before.
gLU1npdq8e8-00262-00080166-00080433 We could determine the LCD and multiply
gLU1npdq8e8-00263-00080433-00080631 both sides of the equation by the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00264-00080631-00081001 Let's do that first, and then we'll look at another method.
gLU1npdq8e8-00265-00081001-00081302 Here, we have 3 and 39 as our denominators.
gLU1npdq8e8-00266-00081302-00081480 Our LCD would be 39.
gLU1npdq8e8-00267-00081480-00082138 So I'm going to multiply this side by 39 and this side by 39.
gLU1npdq8e8-00268-00082138-00082446 And what we'll see happen here is 39 times 1/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00269-00082446-00082777 Well, 39 divided by 3 is 13.
gLU1npdq8e8-00270-00082777-00083132 And here the 39 would reduce to 1, 1x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00271-00083132-00083541 We just solved for x by multiplying through by the LCD.
gLU1npdq8e8-00272-00083541-00083682 So x equals 13.
gLU1npdq8e8-00273-00083682-00083909 I could plug that in and see if it's a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00274-00083909-00084170 1 is to 3 as 13 is to 39.
gLU1npdq8e8-00275-00084170-00084634 13/39 would reduce to 1/3, so it's a true statement.
gLU1npdq8e8-00276-00084634-00085130 The other method that we can use only works with proportions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00277-00085130-00085368 So you have to make sure you're working with a proportion
gLU1npdq8e8-00278-00085368-00085548 before you attempt this method.
gLU1npdq8e8-00279-00085548-00085753 And it's called the cross product.
gLU1npdq8e8-00280-00085753-00086232 What we can do is cross multiply the denominator of one side
gLU1npdq8e8-00281-00086232-00086411 times the numerator of the other,
gLU1npdq8e8-00282-00086411-00086631 and the denominator of the other side
gLU1npdq8e8-00283-00086631-00086852 times the numerator of the other.
gLU1npdq8e8-00284-00086852-00087197 And if we do that, 39 times 1 is 39.
gLU1npdq8e8-00285-00087197-00087428 3 times x is 3x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00286-00087428-00087647 Now notice there's no more fractions,
gLU1npdq8e8-00287-00087647-00087802 so we have 39 equals 3x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00288-00087802-00088009 We simply just solve for x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00289-00088009-00088321 Divide both sides by 3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00290-00088321-00088569 That reduces to 1x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00291-00088569-00088835 39 divided by 3 is 13.
gLU1npdq8e8-00292-00088835-00089105 We get the exact same solution, which we've already checked,
gLU1npdq8e8-00293-00089105-00089317 and we know it's true.
gLU1npdq8e8-00294-00089317-00089606 When we have proportions that are a little more
gLU1npdq8e8-00295-00089606-00089844 complex because of their polynomials,
gLU1npdq8e8-00296-00089844-00090204 sometimes using the cross product's the easier way to go.
gLU1npdq8e8-00297-00090204-00090354 So that's what I'm going to do here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00298-00090354-00090825 Three times the numerator of x plus 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00299-00090825-00091417 And I have to distribute here, 3 times x and 3 times 1.
gLU1npdq8e8-00300-00091417-00091729 And then the denominator of x plus 2 times the numerator
gLU1npdq8e8-00301-00091729-00091811 of 5.
gLU1npdq8e8-00302-00091811-00091982 Again, I have to distribute.
gLU1npdq8e8-00303-00091982-00092184 5 times x is 5x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00304-00092184-00092456 5 times 2 is 10.
gLU1npdq8e8-00305-00092456-00092621 Now I'm ready to solve this.
gLU1npdq8e8-00306-00092621-00092828 So I'm going to subtract 3x from both sides.
gLU1npdq8e8-00307-00093140-00093563 And then I'm going to subtract 10 from both sides.
gLU1npdq8e8-00308-00093563-00093730 And of course, to get x by itself,
gLU1npdq8e8-00309-00093730-00093875 I have to undo that multiplication.
gLU1npdq8e8-00310-00093875-00094431 I'm going to divide by 2, and I get negative 7/2 equals x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00311-00094431-00094726 I can always check my solution by going back
gLU1npdq8e8-00312-00094726-00094993 to the original problem and plugging it in.
gLU1npdq8e8-00313-00094993-00095788 Negative 7/2 plus 1 over negative 7/2 plus 2
gLU1npdq8e8-00314-00095788-00096087 has to equal 5/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00315-00096087-00096332 Well, here we have a bit of a complex fraction.
gLU1npdq8e8-00316-00096332-00096633 And if we recall in the previous video of complex fractions,
gLU1npdq8e8-00317-00096633-00096945 we simplified this using one of two methods.
gLU1npdq8e8-00318-00096945-00097115 I'm going to multiply all these terms
gLU1npdq8e8-00319-00097115-00097412 by the common denominator of 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00320-00097412-00097734 2 times this would be negative 7.
gLU1npdq8e8-00321-00097734-00098054 2 times that would be 2.
gLU1npdq8e8-00322-00098054-00098512 2 times negative 7/2 would be negative 7.
gLU1npdq8e8-00323-00098512-00098730 2 times 2 is 4.
gLU1npdq8e8-00324-00098730-00099147 So now I can say negative 7 plus 2 is negative 5.
gLU1npdq8e8-00325-00099147-00099510 Negative 7 plus 4 is negative 3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00326-00099510-00099979 Is negative 5/3, this side of the equation, equal to 5/3?
gLU1npdq8e8-00327-00099979-00100217 A negative over a negative is positive.
gLU1npdq8e8-00328-00100217-00100419 So this would be 5/3.
gLU1npdq8e8-00329-00100419-00100716 This solution worked out when I checked my answer.
gLU1npdq8e8-00330-00100716-00100936 And I used some of the tools that we
gLU1npdq8e8-00331-00100936-00101287 learned in the previous section to simplify that.
gLU1npdq8e8-00332-00101287-00101337 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00333-00101337-00101486 Let's look at an application.
gLU1npdq8e8-00334-00101486-00101821 And maybe if we've traveled anywhere, and maybe
gLU1npdq8e8-00335-00101821-00102197 before the days of GPS, we actually had to use a roadmap.
gLU1npdq8e8-00336-00102197-00102517 And on every roadmap is a little scale to the lower right hand
gLU1npdq8e8-00337-00102517-00102714 side usually, or upper left hand side,
gLU1npdq8e8-00338-00102714-00102932 or wherever it may be on that map.
gLU1npdq8e8-00339-00102932-00103218 So here we have an application where on a map,
gLU1npdq8e8-00340-00103218-00103484 1 inch equals 5 miles.
gLU1npdq8e8-00341-00103484-00103746 What is the distance represented by 6 inches?
gLU1npdq8e8-00342-00103746-00103931 So maybe we're looking at this map,
gLU1npdq8e8-00343-00103931-00104548 and the key says 1 inch is 5 miles.
gLU1npdq8e8-00344-00104548-00104765 This is a ratio.
gLU1npdq8e8-00345-00104765-00105109 Now we want to know, what is the distance on that map
gLU1npdq8e8-00346-00105109-00105297 represented by 6 inches?
gLU1npdq8e8-00347-00105297-00105570 Well, we can set it up as a proportion.
gLU1npdq8e8-00348-00105570-00105772 We make sure that our units make sense.
gLU1npdq8e8-00349-00105772-00106027 If I have inches in the numerator here,
gLU1npdq8e8-00350-00106027-00106222 I have to have inches in the numerator there.
gLU1npdq8e8-00351-00106222-00106360 It's called dimensional analysis.
gLU1npdq8e8-00352-00106658-00107109 If I have miles in the denominator,
gLU1npdq8e8-00353-00107109-00107248 I need miles in the denominator.
gLU1npdq8e8-00354-00107248-00107502 So I set up my proportion with the question,
gLU1npdq8e8-00355-00107502-00107761 what is the distance represented by 6 inches?
gLU1npdq8e8-00356-00107761-00107956 6 inches is how many miles?
gLU1npdq8e8-00357-00107956-00108184 Well, now I can use that cross product method
gLU1npdq8e8-00358-00108184-00108366 that we looked at before.
gLU1npdq8e8-00359-00108366-00108971 I can say, x times 1 inch is x, 1 times x.
gLU1npdq8e8-00360-00108971-00109346 And 5 times 6 is 30.
gLU1npdq8e8-00361-00109346-00109615 And if we look at this, x represents 30.
gLU1npdq8e8-00362-00109615-00109765 Well, 30 what?
gLU1npdq8e8-00363-00109765-00110104 Well, let's go back to this, where we put in our dimensions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00364-00110104-00110340 x has units of miles.
gLU1npdq8e8-00365-00110340-00110729 So x equals 30 miles.
gLU1npdq8e8-00366-00110729-00111013 So 6 inches on our map corresponds
gLU1npdq8e8-00367-00111013-00111326 to 30 miles of distance.
gLU1npdq8e8-00368-00111326-00111421 All right.
gLU1npdq8e8-00369-00111421-00111735 I have two more problems here, and I
gLU1npdq8e8-00370-00111735-00112021 want you to attempt them yourself.
gLU1npdq8e8-00371-00112021-00112324 Here we have a proportion, a fraction equal to a fraction.
gLU1npdq8e8-00372-00112324-00112657 You can use whatever method you decide to solve that,
gLU1npdq8e8-00373-00112657-00112840 whether you multiply through by the LCD
gLU1npdq8e8-00374-00112840-00113022 or use the cross product.
gLU1npdq8e8-00375-00113022-00113621 Here, we have an equation, a rational expression here.
gLU1npdq8e8-00376-00113621-00113981 Find the LCD, multiply through, simplify.
gLU1npdq8e8-00377-00113981-00114247 Be aware of any domain restrictions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00378-00114247-00114548 So this has been section 5.4, solving equations
gLU1npdq8e8-00379-00114548-00114669 with rational expressions.
gLU1npdq8e8-00380-00114669-00114869 Thank you for watching.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00000-00000000-00000246 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: Hi, Patrice.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00001-00000000-00000793 I'm in the teaching and learning lab at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and I'd like to share an activity that
gpOIBfRyg0U-00002-00000000-00001360 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: I think can be helpful. This semester when we have a lot of kids a lot of students who expected to all be together on a residential campus and are now spread out across the globe.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00003-00000000-00000341 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: And that is sharing and aspect of where you are currently living and the way that I like to present this
gpOIBfRyg0U-00004-00000533-00000949 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: Everyone does not necessarily want to show on the inside of their home, but you could show like a favorite place to study.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00005-00001013-00001909 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: You can show a coffee shop that you like to go to. And it could be that you share a picture or you just describe the situation to people so
gpOIBfRyg0U-00006-00002101-00002773 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: For me, if you look in my background, you will see a lake and a sunset and that is actually
gpOIBfRyg0U-00007-00002773-00003925 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: From a beach at a place that my family has in [second dog] in New York in the Adirondacks and it is my absolute favorite place to go and I feel very fortunate that I have that space to go to
gpOIBfRyg0U-00008-00004053-00004757 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: Especially during the current situation that we're in it some way for me to actually be able to get out of the city and just have some quiet time that's with family
gpOIBfRyg0U-00009-00004821-00005045 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: Autumm. Would you like to go next.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00010-00005045-00005845 Autumm Caines: Oh, sure. I'm probably just show my little workspace area here. I probably won't show it right now because I just got a bunch of packages and there's just a bunch of packages like
gpOIBfRyg0U-00011-00006005-00006581 Autumm Caines: empty boxes and packing material that I haven't had a chance to throw out yet, like a seriously. They just came in the mail today.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00012-00006741-00007349 Autumm Caines: But um yeah probably just turn my camera around and kind of show my house is like my little work area here.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00013-00007605-00009333 Maha Bali: And my house is really messy right now, but I can show you two things. This was the view of my window. And so I live like sorry but this was the view from my window. Se these Flame Trees that have like really orange flowers.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00014-00009397-00010581 Maha Bali: In late spring time and it really cheered me up in the time of COVID when everything was really dreary, and I live in a very crowded part of the city. So there's some greenery, but very little compared to what you would find
gpOIBfRyg0U-00015-00010581-00011221 Maha Bali: rainier or parts of the world. So that makes me happy. I also want to show you something a little bit funny.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00016-00011349-00011989 Maha Bali: So beside me. You know how people in during COVID especially, I can only say for these bookshelves, and either they're real, or their virtual backgrounds.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00017-00012181-00012589 Maha Bali: So the thing is the biggest bookshelf. That shows, books in our house. We have my husband and I are both academics. We have a lot of books.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00018-00012649-00013449 Maha Bali: But the the books that you can see are my kid's books in her room, the bookshelf in the living room looks like this.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00019-00013499-00014029 Maha Bali: It's got glass covering it. I've got all my daughter certificates and her pictures.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00020-00014029-00015199 Maha Bali: You can't see any books behind them and then all my husband's books are like these are huge medical textbooks and they're hidden inside different parts of this. So you can't see any books there. So I just thought that would be a funny thing to share
gpOIBfRyg0U-00021-00015219-00015349 Maha Bali: Well, what about you, Irene?
gpOIBfRyg0U-00022-00015509-00016239 Irene Maweu: I'm I will not show you my house today because it's not showable... is there word like that [laughs]
gpOIBfRyg0U-00023-00016341-00018681 Irene Maweu: But. At the moment, it's about it's going to 11 in the night in Malindi. So it's quite late , I would have gone to show you the balcony where I wake up in the morning and just go and watch the sunrise and the sun rises here, are really, really cool. I don't know. You can see that
gpOIBfRyg0U-00024-00018725-00018945 Maha: a little bit. It looks purple
gpOIBfRyg0U-00025-00018965-00020133 Irene Maweu: Is it?, it's, oh, well, I would have shared it with the with the, you know, with the share but it's, it's, they have very beautiful, beautiful.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00026-00020181-00020513 Irene Maweu: Sunrise is that I I go and watch from
gpOIBfRyg0U-00027-00020597-00022485 Irene Maweu: From from the balcony. So that's my favorite place. I also go and do my morning gratitude. From there, and it's, it gives me a lot of a lot of energy for the day. So that's my favorite place in my house because of being at a coastal place.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00028-00022561-00023381 Irene Maweu: These is also very nice wind that blows at that time. So it's quite nice. When you come to visit. I'll show you.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00029-00023381-00023541 Irene Maweu: Yeah, thank you.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00030-00024001-00024113 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: Oh, that was great. Thank you, everyone. And I love
gpOIBfRyg0U-00031-00024149-00024213 Maha Bali: I like this activity.. I really feel like
gpOIBfRyg0U-00032-00025277-00025405 Irene Maweu: What happened. My
gpOIBfRyg0U-00033-00025449-00025673 Autumm Caines: You're breaking up, Maha.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00034-00025785-00025837 Irene Maweu: My you broke
gpOIBfRyg0U-00035-00025873-00026001 Maha Bali: I'm here.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00036-00026025-00026409 Maha Bali: Patrice's voice was cutting out so I thought it was me. So I turned off my video.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00037-00026429-00027473 Patrice Torcivia Prusko: I was just gonna say, I love that we each kind of took a different approach to sharing something about where we're living, which was, which was great.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00038-00027945-00029417 Irene Maweu: I think a different at different times, if the, if, if it's a daytime because then it's it's a totally different time. I think it depends on when the activities taking place. So I think
gpOIBfRyg0U-00039-00029441-00030513 Irene Maweu: We are more comfortable sharing where we live during the day. I don't know. I'm more comfortable that way.... than at night because at night.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00040-00030577-00030769 Maha Bali: And then the house is less messy in the morning
gpOIBfRyg0U-00041-00030789-00032261 Irene Maweu: Yeah yeah yeah because you've cleaned up, you're, you know, you're ready for the day. So it's kind of during the day, but at night and you've thrown the the washing on the seats and the shoes are over there and and you didn't expect to show it.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00042-00032269-00032397 Irene Maweu: So yeah, so it's a good do
gpOIBfRyg0U-00043-00032433-00033657 Maha Bali: Yeah, the other adaptation I think. I would do is just let students know ahead of time, like a couple days ahead of time that this is what we're going to be doing and and they can prepare a clean
gpOIBfRyg0U-00044-00033669-00034305 Maha Bali: Room. The house or or take a picture and have it on their computer is sharing it from the own wasn't so comfortable. Okay, thank you so much. Oh.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00045-00034341-00035345 Irene Maweu: Wait, can, can, can, can the students also take up the pictures and then they can upload it on to a Padlet or or something, you know. Yeah.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00046-00035397-00035501 Irene Maweu: Yeah.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00047-00035529-00035901 Maha Bali: Yeah, I love that  and then they can have a canvas
gpOIBfRyg0U-00048-00035909-00035959 Maha Bali: Like a
gpOIBfRyg0U-00049-00036079-00036149 Maha Bali: like a quilt of all the different pictures
gpOIBfRyg0U-00050-00036149-00036257 Irene: Yes
gpOIBfRyg0U-00051-00036289-00037209 Irene Maweu: And then you can download it into something that, you know, everybody can have that would really be cool. Yeah.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00052-00037273-00037681 Maha Bali: Thank you so much. That's a great, that's a great riff of it
gpOIBfRyg0U-00053-00037781-00037901 Maha Bali: Okay, thank you, everyone.
gpOIBfRyg0U-00054-00037933-00038005 Patrice:Thank you everyone. Bye
gpOIBfRyg0U-00055-00038037-00038093 Irene: Bye
gRtYoHOOZry-00000-00000231-00001592 He that is able to do exceedingly above all We can ask of is glorious he's marvelous and he's my God
gRtYoHOOZry-00001-00002104-00003032 exceedingly abundantly are the words of your hands
gRtYoHOOZry-00002-00003032-00003856 you're the lamp of God it's the lion of Judah greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00003-00004079-00004816 God in us and God everywhere greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00004-00004924-00005784 You're the God of today and God of tomorrow greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00005-00006024-00006768 glorious marvelous you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00006-00007008-00007759 glorious marvelous you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00007-00007984-00008728 glorious marvelous you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00008-00008968-00009984 glorious marvelous you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00009-00012392-00012784 is
gRtYoHOOZry-00010-00013391-00014184 greater than what people say we are the god of today today and god of tomorrow
gRtYoHOOZry-00011-00015719-00016984 glorious
gRtYoHOOZry-00012-00017712-00018384 glorious
gRtYoHOOZry-00013-00018624-00019832 oh
gRtYoHOOZry-00014-00019832-00021184 is
gRtYoHOOZry-00015-00023672-00023840 miracles happen
gRtYoHOOZry-00016-00025240-00025296 what
gRtYoHOOZry-00017-00027472-00028183 oh you're the lamb of god
gRtYoHOOZry-00018-00028568-00029583 glorious and glorious
gRtYoHOOZry-00019-00030960-00031256 you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00020-00031495-00032383 glorious marvelous you are greater than what people say
gRtYoHOOZry-00021-00034696-00034704 you
gSuOsXp-pxc-00000-00004417-00004944 Saint Peterburg, Russia - Christmas Eve
gSuOsXp-pxc-00001-00005044-00006094 Everything is ready in the beautiful palace Karnaz: the fireplace is lit, the chandeliers shine as well as the fine silverware.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00002-00007027-00007717 This year the Christmas tree is truly magnificent, the largest in the country!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00003-00008426-00009058 The whole family awaits the arrival of the guests: the industrialist Vladimir, his wife Constance, 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00004-00009058-00009600 the beautiful Marie, the small and mischievous Fritz and the young Clara.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00005-00009631-00010320 She can’t wait to see the beautiful dresses of the ladies and gentlemen invited to the party.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00006-00010405-00010943 Fritz, on the other hand, is eager to receive the gifts that Uncle Drosselmeier,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00007-00010943-00011516 the kingdom’s greatest toymaker and magician, will bring them in shortly.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00008-00012045-00012288 Clara hears the trumpets announcing the guests 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00009-00012288-00012643 and remains ecstatic to see so much pomp.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00010-00012643-00013115 Before dinner, all dance swirling accompanied by the orchestra.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00011-00015232-00015584 But there he is! There’s Uncle Drosselmeier!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00012-00015584-00015900 Who knows what wonderful gifts he will have!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00013-00015900-00016320 "A delicate doll that I will call Sophie! Clara says.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00014-00016351-00016736 "A fort and soldiers! Fritz exclaims.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00015-00016951-00017514 Uncle greets them and they, impatient, pretend to dance behind his back 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00016-00017514-00017851 so as not to be noticed while peering at the gifts...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00017-00020437-00020646 While the dances continue, 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00018-00020646-00021069 Uncle beckons them that they can approach but calmly,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00019-00021069-00021519 because the gifts this year are really special!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00020-00021608-00021942 Fritz does not immediately appreciate his, as always,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00021-00021942-00022541 while Clara immediately falls in love with a beautiful nutcracker prince.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00022-00022608-00023000 Fritz, envious, subtracts the gift from the sister.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00023-00024417-00024671 They start to fight so much that,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00024-00024671-00024826 pull to the right,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00025-00024826-00024981 pull to the left,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00026-00024981-00025271 the nutcracker falls to the ground!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00027-00025419-00025661 Fritz laughs at what happened
gSuOsXp-pxc-00028-00025661-00026219 and Clara is very sad because she is afraid that her beautiful prince may have been hurt. 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00029-00026300-00026601 Her brother is such a bully!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00030-00027984-00028495 "Don’t worry Clara" says Uncle "Nothing happened!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00031-00028553-00029047 "You can have your Prince! Look! He doesn’t even have a sword!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00032-00029047-00029212 Fritz laughs.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00033-00029458-00029852 "Do you know, Clara, this is no ordinary prince?...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00034-00029882-00030186 He is the Prince of Dolls!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00035-00030283-00030625 "Once upon a time in a distant country 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00036-00030625-00031021 lived a beautiful princess named Pirlipat.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00037-00031051-00031522 She was 16 years old and great celebrations were held throughout the kingdom. 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00038-00031573-00031891 The king of mice, however, was not invited
gSuOsXp-pxc-00039-00031891-00032299 because he would eat all the food with his mice subjects
gSuOsXp-pxc-00040-00032348-00032769 He showed up at the party and put a curse on the princess: 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00041-00032769-00033064 If you have not invited me
gSuOsXp-pxc-00042-00033064-00033364 a monster you will be!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00043-00033364-00033798 The beautiful Pirlipat became ugly, really monstrous! 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00044-00033891-00034316 The magician of the kingdom, leafing through his books, 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00045-00034316-00034900 understood that only the rare and very hard Cracatuck walnut could end the spell!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00046-00035000-00035398 He sent his handsome nephew, Hans, to retrieve this walnut
gSuOsXp-pxc-00047-00035398-00036023 and, immediately, the princess returned beautiful and young as before! 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00048-00036127-00036428 The king of mice, furious, exclaimed:
gSuOsXp-pxc-00049-00036428-00036870 Ah, you like to go in search of nuts?!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00050-00036870-00037360 Well, from now on, you will turn into Prince Nutcracker 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00051-00037360-00037816 and only by killing me you'll break this curse!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00052-00037928-00038164 "What a wonderful story, Uncle!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00053-00038164-00038588 sighs Clara holding her beautiful Prince in her hands.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00054-00039213-00039573 Night falls and the guests leave.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00055-00039573-00039892 The lights of the city fade out.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00056-00040455-00040783 Clara sleeps blissfully beside the fireplace
gSuOsXp-pxc-00057-00040783-00041136 and her parents don't want wake her up.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00058-00041223-00041657 "Too many emotions for today! Let her rest here..."
gSuOsXp-pxc-00059-00041657-00041959 Vladimir whispers to his wife.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00060-00042819-00043265 Suddenly the chimes of the ancient clock of the living room
gSuOsXp-pxc-00061-00043265-00043528 break the silence
gSuOsXp-pxc-00062-00043528-00043728 it is midnight!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00063-00045920-00046223 Clara wakes up to hear so much noise and... 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00064-00046223-00046554 Yes! He's on the clock?!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00065-00046604-00046825 Uncle Drosselmeier!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00066-00047790-00048097 The fairy dust falls on everything
gSuOsXp-pxc-00067-00048097-00048484 and the objects and the tree shine like stars!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00068-00051364-00051546 But suddenly...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00069-00052346-00052688 "Oh my God, a mouse!" shouts Clara!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00070-00052834-00053252 "One? Ten? One hundred? A thousand mice!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00071-00053515-00053834 A roll of drums is heard in the distance:
gSuOsXp-pxc-00072-00053834-00054116 even the toys have awakened,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00073-00054116-00054442 and with them also the fearsome king of mice!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00074-00055283-00055619 Drummer! Trumpeters! Wake up the infantry!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00075-00057214-00057409 Muskets, pepper in the barrel...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00076-00057441-00057532 FIRE!!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00077-00057703-00057946 "YOU CAN DO NOTHING AGAINST ME!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00078-00057946-00058134 shouts the king of mice!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00079-00060528-00060793 Cavalry to the charge!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00080-00062352-00062557 "Give me a sword, I’ll take care of him!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00081-00062557-00062723 shouts Nutcracker.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00082-00063136-00063441 The king of mice is defeated! 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00083-00063695-00064000 Christmas and the Kingdom of Dolls are safe!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00084-00064050-00064301 Long live the Nutcracker Prince!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00085-00065069-00065373 Uncle Drosselmeier approaches Clara
gSuOsXp-pxc-00086-00065373-00065502 et voilà!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00087-00065554-00066000 Turned to doll height and ready to leave with his prince.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00088-00066063-00066314 "But how will we get into my kingdom?!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00089-00066314-00066596 "I will need help from my sisters fairies!" 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00090-00066657-00067083 Suddenly an Enchanted Theatre appears!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00091-00068689-00069210 "Let’s see if the fairies around the world with their dance can help us!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00092-00070664-00071157 All the fairies to the sound of the Nutcracker Prince’s melody 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00093-00071157-00071505 start to dance to make magic true.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00094-00071566-00071750 Each one in their houses, 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00095-00071750-00071950 distant from each other, 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00096-00071950-00072318 twirl and invoke the "Travelling Fairy"....
gSuOsXp-pxc-00097-00091270-00091650 Clara and the Prince hold their hands.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00098-00092160-00092304 Here she is!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00099-00093821-00094315 They live to the Realm of Sweets and Dolls!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00100-00104352-00104674 Flying on the wings of the"Travelling Fairy",
gSuOsXp-pxc-00101-00104674-00105269 Clara imagines that the clouds are made of the finest cotton candy... 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00102-00105333-00105459 How wonderful!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00103-00107733-00108056 As they head to the Dollcastle,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00104-00108056-00108595 thousands of gummy bears celebrate the arrival of two illustrious guests.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00105-00109911-00110262 Arrived in the Hall,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00106-00110262-00110652 a cascade of sweets and candies welcomes Clara and the Prince!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00107-00111685-00111861 But what happens?!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00108-00111861-00112168 The fairies of the world are having a quarrel! 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00109-00112188-00112294 Why ever?
gSuOsXp-pxc-00110-00112294-00112404 Oh, Yes!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00111-00112419-00112764 Everyone wants to welcome the newcomer in their own way!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00112-00113218-00113614 "We’ll dance for the little princess!" say the Northern fairies.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00113-00113733-00114253 "No! You do not have our grace!" retort the Southern fairies.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00114-00114890-00115054 "You are impertinent!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00115-00115113-00115514 Clara deserves more than you our welcome!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00116-00115716-00116051 "Clara deserves much more our welcome!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00117-00124531-00124806 In this chaotic situation...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00118-00124856-00125182 Here appears the Sugar Almond Fairy
gSuOsXp-pxc-00119-00125245-00125507 from an ice bubble!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00120-00126040-00126487 "I’ll do the honors, dear girls!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00121-00141433-00142000 "And now let the party begin my dear guests!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00122-00142342-00142410 But... 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00123-00142492-00142809 They’re dancing chocolate Matryoshkas!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00124-00148588-00148774 After this delicacy 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00125-00148774-00149209 giant colorful and magical Lollipops appears! 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00126-00149831-00150000 "Welcome Clara!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00127-00150041-00150303 "Welcome back Prince Nutcracker!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00128-00155249-00155672 By magic wonderful flowers jelly sweet appears...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00129-00166067-00166659 Clara is really amazed at so much goodness and wonderful gifts 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00130-00166793-00167201 The face of Prince Nutcracker! It seems changed,..
gSuOsXp-pxc-00131-00167566-00167728 ... Almost human!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00132-00167937-00168302 The young girl imagines her future life:
gSuOsXp-pxc-00133-00168362-00168609 she will be the Fairy Queen,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00134-00168635-00168976 he will be king of the Dolls Kingdom,
gSuOsXp-pxc-00135-00168976-00169344 and they will dance embraced forever!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00136-00181748-00181868 "Clara!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00137-00181868-00181966 "Clara!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00138-00182022-00182222 "It’s time to wake up!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00139-00184413-00184712 It’s Christmas day
gSuOsXp-pxc-00140-00184712-00185128 and the sun shines in the living room.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00141-00185279-00185644 Uncle Drosselmeier walks up to his niece and says
gSuOsXp-pxc-00142-00185727-00186399 "Clara, Clara, wake up! It’s Christmas day!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00143-00186496-00186754 "Uncle, I... But... 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00144-00186754-00187000 Where is my Nutcracker Prince?!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00145-00187000-00187289 He remained in the world of doll!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00146-00187289-00187469 I have to go back!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00147-00187525-00187782 "You must have dreamed, darling!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00148-00187819-00188097 I’d like to introduce you to someone...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00149-00188097-00188345 My nephew Hans!
gSuOsXp-pxc-00150-00188345-00188576 He just arrived this morning!"
gSuOsXp-pxc-00151-00188617-00188842 "Hi Clara" 
gSuOsXp-pxc-00152-00188842-00188976 the young boy exclaims.
gSuOsXp-pxc-00153-00189086-00189207 "Hi...
gSuOsXp-pxc-00154-00189257-00189512 ... Prince Nutcracker!"
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gUxkylGQEAk-00024-00008126-00008474 weight okay so it actually works something really
gUxkylGQEAk-00025-00008474-00008814 important you need to know as well is that you have to be
gUxkylGQEAk-00026-00008814-00009208 really about your treatment. As I just said, Let's keto gummies
gUxkylGQEAk-00027-00009208-00009616 is no magical superpower product. There's no such thing
gUxkylGQEAk-00028-00009616-00010088 so just get over that but it will in fact help you
gUxkylGQEAk-00029-00010088-00010416 accelerate your metabolism and each metabolism works in a
gUxkylGQEAk-00030-00010416-00010664 different and unique way. So, it may be that you lose a lot
gUxkylGQEAk-00031-00010664-00010944 of weight in one, two, 3 months. Many people lose more
gUxkylGQEAk-00032-00010944-00011400 weight after three to 6 months. So, it will always depend on
gUxkylGQEAk-00033-00011400-00011784 how your specific organism will react. So, someone tells you
gUxkylGQEAk-00034-00011784-00012050 that you lose like ten pounds in one week, that is just
gUxkylGQEAk-00035-00012050-00012426 impossible, okay? You will have to test the product and see how
gUxkylGQEAk-00036-00012426-00012738 your metabolism will react to ingredients that are inside
gUxkylGQEAk-00037-00012738-00013030 Let's Keto Gummies, okay? So, be realistic about your
gUxkylGQEAk-00038-00013030-00013258 treatment. That's something important and sincere, I have
gUxkylGQEAk-00039-00013258-00013694 to tell you. Um another very important question is, what is
gUxkylGQEAk-00040-00013694-00014038 the best way to take Let's Keto Gummies? So, every bottle
gUxkylGQEAk-00041-00014038-00014294 consist of sixty gummies made with the finest quality
gUxkylGQEAk-00042-00014294-00014598 ingredients and according to the makers of this product, you
gUxkylGQEAk-00043-00014598-00014998 can take two gummies every day with a glass of water and they
gUxkylGQEAk-00044-00014998-00015488 also just taking the supplement consistently over a few weeks
gUxkylGQEAk-00045-00015488-00015852 for maximum benefits. Another question is, what are the side
gUxkylGQEAk-00046-00015852-00016236 effects? So, the supplement has no side effects which is great
gUxkylGQEAk-00047-00016236-00016532 news. It contains only natural ingredients eliminating the
gUxkylGQEAk-00048-00016532-00016776 risk of allergies, side effects, and any other negative
gUxkylGQEAk-00049-00016776-00017136 consequences of using the gummies that may come up. So,
gUxkylGQEAk-00050-00017136-00017384 yes, you can trust this product. There are many people
gUxkylGQEAk-00051-00017384-00017704 having great results with less keto gummies and you can have
gUxkylGQEAk-00052-00017704-00018234 great results as well. Um it you need to keep in mind that
gUxkylGQEAk-00053-00018234-00018546 each body will react in a unique way I just have to
gUxkylGQEAk-00054-00018546-00018862 remember you of that remind you of that that's a little bit
gUxkylGQEAk-00055-00018862-00019162 obvious but I'm telling you this so that you are realistic
gUxkylGQEAk-00056-00019162-00019542 about your treatment and expectations Let's Keto Gummies
gUxkylGQEAk-00057-00019542-00019866 is highly tested and manufactured in a GMP certified
gUxkylGQEAk-00058-00019866-00020310 laboratory and each and every bottle comes with 100% sixty
gUxkylGQEAk-00059-00020310-00020650 day satisfaction guarantee so if you don't like it for any
gUxkylGQEAk-00060-00020650-00020914 reason if it doesn't work out for you you can get your money
gUxkylGQEAk-00061-00020914-00021276 back also make sure you buy to buy it from the facial website
gUxkylGQEAk-00062-00021276-00021536 like I told you before in the beginning of this video so that
gUxkylGQEAk-00063-00021536-00021896 you don't have any problems with the product okay so you
gUxkylGQEAk-00064-00021896-00022140 need to take the treatment seriously you need to take it
gUxkylGQEAk-00065-00022140-00022444 every single day or else you won't see great results and you
gUxkylGQEAk-00066-00022444-00022772 actually get a little frustrated that's natural it's
gUxkylGQEAk-00067-00022772-00023056 results largely depend on individual characteristics of
gUxkylGQEAk-00068-00023056-00023460 the body and that's basically it guys I really hope this
gUxkylGQEAk-00069-00023460-00023792 video helped if you have any questions please don't hesitate
gUxkylGQEAk-00070-00023792-00024166 to let them in the comment section down below and I'll be
gUxkylGQEAk-00071-00024166-00024454 really glad to help.
gUD8P_J5n6k-00000-00001548-00002460 Today we will talk about The Beauty of God 🌹 Divine Attribute 👉🏻 Why are you so beautiful? ❤ 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00001-00002460-00003186 Beauty is the pleasing quality of things that reflects God's own beauty. Beauty pleases not
gUD8P_J5n6k-00002-00003186-00003828 only the senses in the ordinary way but the highest perceptions of the intellect,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00003-00003828-00004416 entering into the beauty of the soul that being beautiful seeks beauty,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00004-00004470-00004986 she is actually seeking God who is the maximum expression of Beauty. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00005-00005064-00005892 God being Beauty, glorifies Himself creating all things beautiful, because everything
gUD8P_J5n6k-00006-00005892-00006809 reflects in some way His image as creator. Ecclesiastes 3 verse 11 He has made everything
gUD8P_J5n6k-00007-00006809-00007680 beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the human heart; yet no one can fathom
gUD8P_J5n6k-00008-00007680-00008592 what God has done from beginning to end. - Genesis 1 verse 31, And when God finished his
gUD8P_J5n6k-00009-00008592-00009438 creation, He declared: it is all very good.  Beauty is like the signature of God expressing
gUD8P_J5n6k-00010-00009438-00009966 the origin of all created things. Beauty is a combination of different
gUD8P_J5n6k-00011-00009966-00010704 qualities that united in harmony describe a beauty associated with all things coming from
gUD8P_J5n6k-00012-00010704-00011586 God. In Beauty we find harmony, order, contrast, uniqueness, individuality, and perfection. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00013-00011586-00012372 Everything that God created is perfect, it serves the purpose of His will and there
gUD8P_J5n6k-00014-00012372-00013146 is no way imperfections can be found in God’s creations because He is an artist in every one
gUD8P_J5n6k-00015-00013146-00013884 of His conceptions. The man who is far away from God will be unhappy not accepting the
gUD8P_J5n6k-00016-00013884-00014538 will of God, so he will find ways to see imperfections in the creation of God. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00017-00014604-00015419 But God calls man to glorify Him discovering His beauty, so the soul yearns to be with God,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00018-00015419-00015876 because it really understands that God is beauty itself. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00019-00015876-00016944 Psalm 104 verses 1 to 35 Bless the Lord, O my soul! O Lord my God, you are very
gUD8P_J5n6k-00020-00016944-00017676 great! You are clothed with splendor and majesty, covering yourself with light as with a garment,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00021-00017676-00018528 stretching out the heavens like a tent. - Sin is a distortion of beauty, therefore is
gUD8P_J5n6k-00022-00018528-00019206 something very ugly, that has ugly consequences and brings ugliness into the world. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00023-00019284-00019962 The beauty of God is perceived by all the senses, that is why even a blind person
gUD8P_J5n6k-00024-00019962-00020736 can have a feeling of beauty either in sounds, temperature, or the sense of touch or smell. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00025-00020736-00021408 A child perceives beauty in all the new things that he discovers and it's amazed,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00026-00021408-00021906 therefore he understands that there is a God behind all that beauty,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00027-00021906-00022500 and in the same way all creatures are benefited by the Beauty of God. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00028-00022500-00023268 We can easily find beauty when we look at a flower, a bird, a mountain, a lake, a river,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00029-00023268-00023844 a starry night, a beautiful person, or when we hear a beautiful melody,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00030-00023844-00024534 and straight away we are captivated by the beauty infused by the creator in all things. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00031-00024534-00025278 We cannot see God, but the beauty of creation reminds us that there is a perfect beautiful
gUD8P_J5n6k-00032-00025278-00026100 God behind all this. This is enough to convince even an atheist, just to look at the eyes of a
gUD8P_J5n6k-00033-00026100-00026772 little child, the love of a mother, the nice flavor of food, the scent of a flower. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00034-00026772-00027348 Beauty is so well balanced that it never exceeds its proportions,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00035-00027348-00028176 and even if it does according to our perceptions it will always compensate in another way to keep
gUD8P_J5n6k-00036-00028176-00028836 the ordained harmony infused by God. Beauty is one attribute of God that He
gUD8P_J5n6k-00037-00028836-00029538 has imprinted on all created things as a signature that reminds us that God is Beauty
gUD8P_J5n6k-00038-00029538-00030306 itself. Because nothing can be more beautiful that beauty itself, and beauty cannot be more
gUD8P_J5n6k-00039-00030306-00031133 beautiful than God its creator. Therefore God is glorified in the beauty of his creation. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00040-00031200-00031980 Psalm 50 verse 2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God shines forth. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00041-00031980-00032808 - God has made everyone of us beautiful. It doesn’t matter how we see ourselves, in the eyes
gUD8P_J5n6k-00042-00032808-00033690 of God each one of us is beautiful. Unfortunately we all complain, some will say they are too tall,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00043-00033690-00034356 others they are too short, others they are too skinny, others they are too fat, etc. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00044-00034356-00035148 We all seek a perfection and beauty that is missing in us but that is precisely the call
gUD8P_J5n6k-00045-00035148-00035844 of God to look at ourselves in his eyes. In the image of God we are little co creators,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00046-00035844-00036582 so God allows us to create beautiful things, therefore man expresses beauty
gUD8P_J5n6k-00047-00036582-00037176 through different arts and delights in the challenge of creating beautiful works. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00048-00037236-00038238 Psalm 139 verse 14 I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful
gUD8P_J5n6k-00049-00038238-00038976 are your works; my soul knows it very well. - But we must not allow the fascination of
gUD8P_J5n6k-00050-00038976-00039708 beauty to take away the love in our hearts, this is a dangerous situation that takes away
gUD8P_J5n6k-00051-00039708-00040476 the love that is due to God, therefore we must love God above all things. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00052-00040476-00041406 When we love something above God, we make it a god, therefore we adore a false God. Such is the
gUD8P_J5n6k-00053-00041406-00042114 case of the beautiful people that surrounds us. A had a friend who lost his mother; he was so
gUD8P_J5n6k-00054-00042114-00042780 depressed he said he was going to take his own life, because he couldn’t live without his mother.
gUD8P_J5n6k-00055-00042780-00043482 It was very difficult for me to explain to him that we cannot go against the will of God. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00056-00043482-00044160 In the same way a man loves a woman and a woman loves a man, when their loved ones go,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00057-00044160-00044844 they experience great loss and they don’t realize that they didn’t keep their relationships
gUD8P_J5n6k-00058-00044844-00045528 below their relationship with God. The list could be endless and even ridiculous,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00059-00045528-00046266 how people cry and suffer when they lose a pet, but would they cry remembering the
gUD8P_J5n6k-00060-00046266-00046896 passion of our Lord? I just wonder. People are fascinated with created
gUD8P_J5n6k-00061-00046896-00047532 things and sometimes forget the beauty and fascination they should have for our creator. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00062-00047532-00048276 God is worthy of all admiration, praise and worship, all things have been created by him
gUD8P_J5n6k-00063-00048276-00049032 and belong to him; we are fortunate creatures to share the bounty of our magnificent Lord. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00064-00049032-00049848 As we get older, we all begin to lose the beauty we had in our youth, wrinkles appear,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00065-00049848-00050778 the heaviness of our age shows in our face, the power of our muscles diminishes, our vision and
gUD8P_J5n6k-00066-00050778-00051600 hearing deteriorate, our hair either falls or becomes gray. The beautiful healthy person starts
gUD8P_J5n6k-00067-00051600-00052284 degradation as if the Lord is pointing us our way of return to the dust where we come from. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00068-00052362-00053004 This is the time to reflect seriously on the other beauty that we have neglected to look at,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00069-00053004-00053567 “The image of God within us”. That beautiful image is eternal,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00070-00053567-00054528 it is more radiant the sun, it is the envy of the material world because it is the everlasting
gUD8P_J5n6k-00071-00054528-00055260 beauty beyond compare, of God within us. So we must realize that the invisible is more
gUD8P_J5n6k-00072-00055260-00056058 beautiful that the visible, that the spiritual is more beautiful than the material, that the visible
gUD8P_J5n6k-00073-00056058-00057000 is just a call to penetrate the mystery of God. 1 Corinthians 2 verse 9 But, as it is written,
gUD8P_J5n6k-00074-00057000-00057690 “What no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man imagined, what God
gUD8P_J5n6k-00075-00057690-00058367 has prepared for those who love him”	 - We all have it; we all have within us a
gUD8P_J5n6k-00076-00058367-00059046 source of everlasting joy in that faithful presence of God within us. This is why we
gUD8P_J5n6k-00077-00059046-00059748 must become spiritual, we must renounce the beauty of created things in order to find the
gUD8P_J5n6k-00078-00059748-00060426 eternal beauty, we must detach ourselves of the physical world that surround us because
gUD8P_J5n6k-00079-00060426-00061104 very soon, sooner than we would like to expect, there will be nothing but our
gUD8P_J5n6k-00080-00061104-00061632 spiritual being facing the justice of God. Are we ready for that? 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00081-00061710-00062376 How beautiful it is to realize that we are children of the Most High and that our
gUD8P_J5n6k-00082-00062376-00063096 encounter with Him will happen very soon.  In that realization, we must live our lives
gUD8P_J5n6k-00083-00063096-00063564 in accordance to the Will of God, longing to see His face. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00084-00063564-00064308 Our merciful God on the other hand is waiting to be glorified by each and every
gUD8P_J5n6k-00085-00064308-00064854 creature that He has saved through His Son Our Lord Jesus Christ. 
gUD8P_J5n6k-00086-00064854-00065538 Glory to God. Praise and honor to God in His Divine Attribute of Beauty
gUD8P_J5n6k-00087-00065598-00066342 and in all His attributes and perfections. If you liked this video, please give us a like;
gUD8P_J5n6k-00088-00066342-00067314 share it on social networks, leave your comments, make it viral, it is very important. We must all
gUD8P_J5n6k-00089-00067314-00068304 learn to appreciate the Beauty of God. ❤ God bless you ❤
gXYXE8liFV0-00000-00000000-00000317 OPAL PRISM LIVE begins
gXYXE8liFV0-00001-00000317-00000775 I’m going to apply Serio Cellfect Base Gel
gXYXE8liFV0-00002-00000775-00001639 I’m going to mix Clear Gel with OPAL PRISM White Sugar Luminous and Luminous White Angel
gXYXE8liFV0-00003-00001639-00002276 I'm going to apply one coat with BESSIE Syrup Gel S01 Lace Beige
gXYXE8liFV0-00004-00002276-00003006 I’m going to apply KENZICO Vivid Fit PPR No.107 only half
gXYXE8liFV0-00005-00003006-00004413 Without being curing, I’m going to make a gradation with PASSET Gradation & Cheek brush
gXYXE8liFV0-00006-00004413-00005891 Once again, I’m going to make a gradation with Kenjiko Vivid Fit PPR No.107
gXYXE8liFV0-00007-00005891-00006934 I’m going to apply three coat of a gradation 
gXYXE8liFV0-00008-00006934-00008927 I’m going to apply the mixed White Sugar Luminous like a gradation
gXYXE8liFV0-00009-00008927-00010718 I’m going to apply the mixed Luminous White Angel like a gradation
gXYXE8liFV0-00010-00010718-00011625 I’m going to overlay it with Clear Gel
gXYXE8liFV0-00011-00011625-00012442 I’m going to apply Pick Me Ya Top Gel on the place where Glitter will go up
gXYXE8liFV0-00012-00012442-00014154 Without being curing, I’m going to spray OPAL PRISM Angel Flex
gXYXE8liFV0-00013-00014154-00015090 After putting Fix Gel, I’m going to put SARACEN Holly Cross Parts
gXYXE8liFV0-00014-00015090-00016889 I’m going to overlay the parts with Fix Gel and finish it
gXYXE8liFV0-00015-00016889-00017053 Luminous Nail Art Completed!
gXYXE8liFV0-00016-00017053-00017252 Clap clap clap!
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gbDhEtSLpPQ-00000-00000050-00000828 Grouchy with a Chance of Stomping: Using Personality Traits to Forecast Behavior
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00001-00000828-00001217 In everyday speech, one of these statements would sound familiar—“Because Jack is
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00002-00001217-00001784 grouchy, he stomps”—and one a bit peculiar—“Because Jack stomps, he is grouchy.”
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00003-00001784-00002230 As a psychological explanation, however, the first statement is problematic and the second
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00004-00002230-00002503 more satisfying.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00005-00002503-00002974 To explain, I’ll use a metaphor: Here is a prototypical winter forecast at Utah State
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00006-00002974-00003099 University.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00007-00003099-00003589 Particulars, like a gusting wind, make up the weather.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00008-00003589-00004296 And in turn, persistent weather patterns constitute climate.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00009-00004296-00004951 Analogously, personality traits like grouchiness...
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00010-00004951-00005585 They are comprised of states, which are comprised of thoughts and actions, like stomping.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00011-00005585-00006030 In other words, just as climate is a summary of weather which is a summary of weather events,
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00012-00006030-00006317 traits summarize states which summarize thoughts and actions.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00013-00006317-00006784 On the large scale of traits and climate, our predictions are highly reliable: A temperate
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00014-00006784-00007128 disposition like a temperate climate tends to remain temperate.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00015-00007128-00007552 Yet, our predictions on these scales do lack precision.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00016-00007552-00008029 Just as climate cannot pinpoint a gust of wind, traits cannot guarantee stomping in
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00017-00008029-00008385 specific context.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00018-00008385-00008842 The first take-away, then, is that studying personality traits allows us to predict long-term
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00019-00008842-00009038 patterns of behavior.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00020-00009038-00009588 Although our forecast may be limited to grouchy with only a chance of stomping, such predictions
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00021-00009588-00010227 drive adaptive action, from avoiding unpleasant interpersonal encounters to identifying at-risk
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00022-00010227-00010327 populations.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00023-00010327-00011128 A second take-away moves beyond description and prediction to explanation.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00024-00011128-00011507 Although climate predicts weather phenomena, it does not explain them.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00025-00011507-00011982 Rather, weather phenomena, like gusts of wind, explain climate.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00026-00011982-00012443 This might sound upside down, until we recall that climate is a description of enduring
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00027-00012443-00012543 weather patterns.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00028-00012543-00013081 It is not scientifically satisfying to answer, “Why is it windy today?,” with “It’s
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00029-00013081-00013237 a windy climate.”
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00030-00013237-00013797 To explain weather while avoiding circular reasoning, we look outside the loop.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00031-00013797-00014334 Similarly, traits can predict behavior but traits like grouchiness do not explain behavior
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00032-00014334-00014451 like stomping.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00033-00014451-00014666 The behavior explains the trait label.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00034-00014666-00015243 So, it is as problematic to say grouchiness causes stomping as it was to say a windy climate
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00035-00015243-00015371 caused wind.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00036-00015371-00016073 Instead, neuroscientists, for example, turn to the brain for explanations.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00037-00016073-00016585 And experimental psychologists to antecedents and consequences.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00038-00016585-00017018 The second take-away, then, is that traits are most useful for describing the past and
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00039-00017018-00017450 predicting the future, rather than supplying explanations.
gbDhEtSLpPQ-00040-00017450-00017962 So, which of these statements is more compelling to you as a explanation?
gdiheOwjqFy-00000-00000000-00000600 Revolutionaries
gdiheOwjqFy-00001-00000700-00001000 The youth of Abdeen
gdiheOwjqFy-00002-00001400-00001900 Tantawi: We want all Egyptians to share in this. Why are the Egyptian people tolerating these (protesters)? 
gdiheOwjqFy-00003-00002300-00002600 Revolutionaries -Here, they're shooting us with bullets.
gfz_9GWPl6M-00000-00000000-00000200 Going backward to be set free
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00000-00000106-00000412 hello, boys and girls. all right?
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00001-00000438-00000643 today, we learn this bun...
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00002-00000645-00000986 with 4 strands braids and ribbon
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gfbN0QuJ6DM-00004-00001966-00002290 the ribbon which I will use...
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00005-00002290-00002620 are two colors.
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00006-00002790-00003182 is better than wider
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00007-00003286-00003486 pass the ribbon
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00008-00003564-00003764 inside the elastic
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00009-00004029-00004772 divide the ponytail in 4 parts
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00010-00005588-00005978 and make a braid 4 strands in each
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00011-00008092-00008466 fluff
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00012-00009236-00009750 like the other
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00013-00014488-00014910 put each side up...
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00014-00016150-00016588 and use bobby pins.
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00015-00018764-00018970 is ready ...
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00016-00019102-00019482 ...our ribbon bun
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00017-00019570-00019834 do you like? click down here
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00018-00019896-00020096 share, please
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00019-00020102-00020484 a kiss for Francisco Antonio Barbosa
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00020-00020866-00021154 thank you for watching
gfbN0QuJ6DM-00021-00021154-00021354 see you later
ggIRJW83LwU-00000-00000032-00000528 Hi, my name is John Wrenn, and I'm a PhD student from Brown University, here to answer the age-old
ggIRJW83LwU-00001-00000528-00001112 question: Will students test early without coercion? But first, a quick disclaimer:I
ggIRJW83LwU-00002-00001112-00001576 come from a pedagogic school that uses the term "examples" to refer to what others call "early
ggIRJW83LwU-00003-00001576-00002080 tests". But, by "examples" or "early tests", we just mean test cases you write before implementing
ggIRJW83LwU-00004-00002080-00002568 to build confidence that you understand the problem. In contrast, the test cases you write
ggIRJW83LwU-00005-00002568-00003080 after implementing more so serve to confirm that your implementation matches your understanding.
ggIRJW83LwU-00006-00003080-00003447 In any case, either kind of testing is a form of
ggIRJW83LwU-00007-00003447-00003728 self-regulation that students are pretty poor at doing.
ggIRJW83LwU-00008-00003792-00004296 In study after study, we find that students often begin implementing with an incomplete
ggIRJW83LwU-00009-00004296-00004712 understanding of the problem and, consequently, waste their time,
ggIRJW83LwU-00010-00004712-00005160 hurt their grade, and fail to meet the learning objectives of the assignment.
ggIRJW83LwU-00011-00005160-00005584 A formal problem-solving methodology like the Design Recipe from "How to
ggIRJW83LwU-00012-00005584-00006096 Design Programs" can help students avoid this by scaffolding their problem-solving process.
ggIRJW83LwU-00013-00006096-00006592 Ror instance a student who first reframes a problem by writing some input-output examples
ggIRJW83LwU-00014-00006592-00006968 has a chance to build a better understanding of the problem before they implement.
ggIRJW83LwU-00015-00007023-00007184 And, once they complete their implementation,
ggIRJW83LwU-00016-00007248-00007568 these examples serve as test cases with which they can check their work.
ggIRJW83LwU-00017-00007631-00007968 Scaffolding-based interventions like this can significantly improve the
ggIRJW83LwU-00018-00007968-00008208 productivity and self-efficacy of students.
ggIRJW83LwU-00019-00008208-00008632 But, we also see that, left to their own devices, students trained in a scaffold
ggIRJW83LwU-00020-00008632-00008936 might not actually make use of it when they need to most.
ggIRJW83LwU-00021-00009016-00009648 Unfortunately: realizing you need to use a scaffold is in itself a feat of self-regulation.
ggIRJW83LwU-00022-00009728-00010104 So we ask instead: What is it about implementation
ggIRJW83LwU-00023-00010104-00010488 that makes it so much more naturally compelling to students than example writing?
ggIRJW83LwU-00024-00010568-00011128 Well, compared to implementation, early test writing is almost boring. Implementing a
ggIRJW83LwU-00025-00011128-00011568 problem rewards you with feedback upon every click of run. Even a student who
ggIRJW83LwU-00026-00011568-00012008 creates a flawed implementation will still be guided by language errors and runtime results.
ggIRJW83LwU-00027-00012064-00012576 In contrast, examples are inert; until you have an implementation to run them against,
ggIRJW83LwU-00028-00012576-00012808 you can't get the same sort of feedback about them.
ggIRJW83LwU-00029-00012808-00013256 Consequently, even a student who does write examples is ill-equipped to do so well.
ggIRJW83LwU-00030-00013336-00013680 Consider these examples for "median". Are they valid? Well,
ggIRJW83LwU-00031-00013680-00014080 yes: they all accurately represent the behavior of a median function.
ggIRJW83LwU-00032-00014080-00014560 But are they thorough? Not really. A student who has written only these examples might
ggIRJW83LwU-00033-00014560-00015112 very well be confusing median for mean —these are valid tests of both functions.
ggIRJW83LwU-00034-00015112-00015488 Unfortunately, there's often no feedback to inform the student they might be
ggIRJW83LwU-00035-00015488-00015896 confusing median for mean, and if they are confusing median for mean (say they
ggIRJW83LwU-00036-00015896-00016304 write an outright wrong test case) there's no feedback to inform them of that either!
ggIRJW83LwU-00037-00016392-00016792 So, even students who do write tests as part of a programming methodology
ggIRJW83LwU-00038-00016792-00016984 might not actually do it very well.
ggIRJW83LwU-00039-00017040-00017360 Some educators have thus taken the approach of requiring students to
ggIRJW83LwU-00040-00017360-00017856 solve a small number of pre-authored test cases before they begin implementing.
ggIRJW83LwU-00041-00017856-00018328 That is: rather than asking students to formulate an open-ended set of examples from scratch,
ggIRJW83LwU-00042-00018328-00018720 the instructor provides partial test cases that have inputs but not
ggIRJW83LwU-00043-00018720-00018928 outputs and have students fill in the blanks.
ggIRJW83LwU-00044-00019000-00019368 This intervention ensures that students have explored the problem correctly and
ggIRJW83LwU-00045-00019368-00019608 thoroughly before they begin their implementation.
ggIRJW83LwU-00046-00019664-00019992 However, these approaches miss the learning opportunity
ggIRJW83LwU-00047-00019992-00020336 provided by developing valid and thorough examples for oneself.
ggIRJW83LwU-00048-00020408-00020720 We believe that if example writing can be made helpful
ggIRJW83LwU-00049-00020720-00021080 and compelling, that students will do it well and on their own volition!
ggIRJW83LwU-00050-00021144-00021544 To provide students with feedback, we observe that a valid suite of examples
ggIRJW83LwU-00051-00021544-00022184 ought to accept correct implementations (we call these implementations the wheat) and a thorough
ggIRJW83LwU-00052-00022184-00022648 set ought to reject buggy implementations (we call these implementations the chaff).
ggIRJW83LwU-00053-00022720-00023208 If students could only trial run their examples against sets of wheat and chaff implementations,
ggIRJW83LwU-00054-00023208-00023624 then they could evaluate for themselves whether their examples are valid and thorough.
ggIRJW83LwU-00055-00023736-00024072 We prototyped this idea out two years ago with Examplar:
ggIRJW83LwU-00056-00024072-00024384 an editing environment specifically for examples.
ggIRJW83LwU-00057-00024384-00024760 When you click run an Examplar, your tests are not run against your own implementation
ggIRJW83LwU-00058-00024760-00025152 (which might not even exist yet), rather they're run against sets of wheat and
ggIRJW83LwU-00059-00025152-00025384 chaff implementations provided by the instructor.
ggIRJW83LwU-00060-00025448-00025856 This prototype was only for examples. When students wanted to develop or test
ggIRJW83LwU-00061-00025856-00026432 their implementations they had to switch IDEs. Nonetheless, students found Examplar compelling:
ggIRJW83LwU-00062-00026432-00026816 nearly all students opted to use it and they used it a lot.
ggIRJW83LwU-00063-00026816-00027272 Examplar was helpful, too. When we compared students with exampler
ggIRJW83LwU-00064-00027272-00027552 to those in a previous year of the course who did not have it,
ggIRJW83LwU-00065-00027552-00028064 we found that the students with exampler were far less likely to submit invalid test suites.
ggIRJW83LwU-00066-00028136-00028752 However, Examplar still required a high degree of self-regulation from students: They needed
ggIRJW83LwU-00067-00028752-00029239 to realize, on their own, when they would benefit from using it and then make the choice to switch.
ggIRJW83LwU-00068-00029320-00029816 And, as a research prototype, we didn't know when students were using Examplar relative
ggIRJW83LwU-00069-00029816-00030144 to when they were using the usual IDE for testing and implementation.
ggIRJW83LwU-00070-00030264-00030783 This paper is about Examplar V2, which resolves both of these concerns by providing a unified
ggIRJW83LwU-00071-00030783-00031239 programming environment that encourages students to write examples before they begin implementing.
ggIRJW83LwU-00072-00031304-00031760 Examplar version 2 provides two nudges towards early and effective example writing:
ggIRJW83LwU-00073-00031760-00032160 When you first open Examplar for an assignment, you are greeted with a file for writing your
ggIRJW83LwU-00074-00032160-00032608 tests. The implementation file is hidden behind a "Begin Implementation" button.
ggIRJW83LwU-00075-00032695-00033096 Moreover, Examplar provides validity and thoroughness feedback with
ggIRJW83LwU-00076-00033096-00033568 every run. It doesn't matter whether you're working on your test file, or your code file
ggIRJW83LwU-00077-00033568-00033928 —every run will tell you how thoroughly you've explored the problem with your tests.
ggIRJW83LwU-00078-00034032-00034520 We deployed this IDE in a fall-semester accelerated introduction to computer science.
ggIRJW83LwU-00079-00034520-00034856 59 students, mostly first years, completed the course.
ggIRJW83LwU-00080-00034856-00035264 They typically had some prior background in programming, but not in testing.
ggIRJW83LwU-00081-00035352-00035736 Our foremost question was: "Did these these students test first?"
ggIRJW83LwU-00082-00035736-00036248 That is: "How thoroughly did they explore the problem with test cases before implementing it?"
ggIRJW83LwU-00083-00036312-00036816 To answer this, we began by dividing each student's progress into a sequence of run
ggIRJW83LwU-00084-00036816-00037440 intervals. A run interval is the period between clicks of 'Run'. These periods reflect the amount
ggIRJW83LwU-00085-00037440-00037880 of work the student was willing to undertake before asking the IDE for additional feedback.
ggIRJW83LwU-00086-00037944-00038480 Within each run interval, the student might edit their test file, or their code file (or, rarely,
ggIRJW83LwU-00087-00038480-00039000 neither or both files) and with each click of 'Run' they get additional feedback from Examplar.
ggIRJW83LwU-00088-00039072-00039416 This student began by editing their test file, clicked run,
ggIRJW83LwU-00089-00039416-00039656 and learned that they had caught one-out-of-five chaffs.
ggIRJW83LwU-00090-00039720-00040104 Then, they wrote some more tests and achieved a thoroughness score of two-out-of-five.
ggIRJW83LwU-00091-00040200-00040616 In their third round of testing, they weren't able to increase their thoroughness
ggIRJW83LwU-00092-00040616-00041072 so they switched to implementation and made three rounds of edits to their code file.
ggIRJW83LwU-00093-00041072-00041496 Within these intervals, their thoroughness scores stayed at two-out-of-five, because
ggIRJW83LwU-00094-00041496-00041904 only edits to their test file —not their code file— could increase their thoroughness score.
ggIRJW83LwU-00095-00041992-00042416 Next, they returned to writing tests for one more interval, and caught one more chaff.
ggIRJW83LwU-00096-00042472-00042944 Having achieved a three-out-of-five thoroughness score, they did one last round of implementation,
ggIRJW83LwU-00097-00042944-00043272 and then finally two rounds of test writing —ultimately
ggIRJW83LwU-00098-00043272-00043576 managing to achieve perfect thoroughness.
ggIRJW83LwU-00099-00043576-00043704 Given such a sequence,
ggIRJW83LwU-00100-00043704-00044208 we ask: "How thoroughly did this student explore the problem before implementing it?"
ggIRJW83LwU-00101-00044208-00044648 We begin by examining each of the intervals in which they edited their implementation
ggIRJW83LwU-00102-00044648-00045024 and compute the peak thoroughness they achieved prior to that interval.
ggIRJW83LwU-00103-00045024-00045272 By the time this student began their implementation,
ggIRJW83LwU-00104-00045272-00045496 their thoroughness score was already two-out-of-five.
ggIRJW83LwU-00105-00045592-00046056 Occasionally a student (like this one did) might encounter an error or, rarely,
ggIRJW83LwU-00106-00046056-00046480 their thorough score might dip because they commented out a test case. We ignore these
ggIRJW83LwU-00107-00046480-00046944 blips and always look at the maximum thoroughness the student achieved prior to that interval.
ggIRJW83LwU-00108-00047016-00047384 Overall, this student completed three implementation intervals catching
ggIRJW83LwU-00109-00047384-00047784 two-out-of-five chaffs and one interval having caught three-out-of-five chaffs
ggIRJW83LwU-00110-00047840-00048336 taking the mean of these numbers produces a measure of this student's test firstness
ggIRJW83LwU-00111-00048336-00048944 —the thoroughness they achieved before the bulk of their implementation work. In this case it's 0.45.
ggIRJW83LwU-00112-00049016-00049536 The fact that the student eventually achieved perfect thoroughness is immaterial —thoroughness
ggIRJW83LwU-00113-00049536-00049928 achieved after implementation doesn't contribute to this test-firstness measure.
ggIRJW83LwU-00114-00050016-00050344 We computed this measure for each student on each assignment.
ggIRJW83LwU-00115-00050344-00050840 The figure on the left plots every student's test firstness score on our first assignment, DocDiff.
ggIRJW83LwU-00116-00050912-00051168 This assignment had six chaff students could catch
ggIRJW83LwU-00117-00051168-00051488 and each level of fairness is shaded in the plot distinctly.
ggIRJW83LwU-00118-00051552-00051976 Of 64 students, only six —those points at the very bottom of this plot—
ggIRJW83LwU-00119-00051976-00052344 did not achieve some level of thoroughness before the bulk of their implementation work.
ggIRJW83LwU-00120-00052408-00052591 The median student, on the other hand,
ggIRJW83LwU-00121-00052591-00052936 caught between five and six chaffs before most of their implementation.
ggIRJW83LwU-00122-00053016-00053416 This pattern is repeated on every assignment, with at the very most
ggIRJW83LwU-00123-00053416-00053767 11 students failing to achieve some level of thoroughness on TourGuide.
ggIRJW83LwU-00124-00053824-00054360 There is an apparent decline in test firstness as the semester progresses, but I'm doubtful this has
ggIRJW83LwU-00125-00054360-00054888 much to do with time and rather more to do with the increasing complexity of these assignments or
ggIRJW83LwU-00126-00054888-00055416 perhaps just a really hard to catch chaff. This is a question ripe for future research.
ggIRJW83LwU-00127-00055512-00056208 Overall, our experiences with Examplar convince us that students can test early without coercion.
ggIRJW83LwU-00128-00056208-00056576 But before you race off to build your own IDE to encourage example writing,
ggIRJW83LwU-00129-00056576-00057064 check out our paper. While we believe that in-flow feedback is a major contributor to our success,
ggIRJW83LwU-00130-00057064-00057455 this paper is not a rigorous A/B study and there might be other factors at work.
ggIRJW83LwU-00131-00057520-00057832 Nonetheless, we hope you'll encourage example writing in your courses,
ggIRJW83LwU-00132-00057832-00058167 and have a sense of how you might assess your success!
ghERxBwVKQ0-00000-00000006-00000354 Let's talk about oscillators for a moment. Now an oscillator is just
ghERxBwVKQ0-00001-00000354-00000735 something that can oscillate, and lots of things can oscillate in fact, nearly
ghERxBwVKQ0-00002-00000735-00001053 everything we meet can oscillate if organized correctly. Here are just three
ghERxBwVKQ0-00003-00001053-00001752 things I found that people have left around my room, and if I tap them, you can
ghERxBwVKQ0-00004-00001752-00002184 hear that they make quite clear distinct sounds, and that clear single frequency
ghERxBwVKQ0-00005-00002184-00002742 that they're giving off is low in that case, and high in that case. And it's
ghERxBwVKQ0-00006-00002742-00003048 wearing off after a while. And the fact that it's wearing off means it's losing
ghERxBwVKQ0-00007-00003048-00003485 energy to its environment, and that's called "Damping". And so this thing here
ghERxBwVKQ0-00008-00003485-00004040 gives off some sound, and then it's lost its oscillation and so it's damped. If I
ghERxBwVKQ0-00009-00004040-00004626 had the desk, the desk is highly damped and it has a very broad specular
ghERxBwVKQ0-00010-00004626-00004986 frequency. So that didn't sound like it had a very clear frequency at all, may have
ghERxBwVKQ0-00011-00004986-00005391 a very broad spectrum, and it was very strongly damped. Alternatively, you might
ghERxBwVKQ0-00012-00005391-00005757 have something like a tuning fork. A tuning fork is very specifically
ghERxBwVKQ0-00013-00005757-00006468 designed to have low damping so that it keeps its note for a long time. So it has
ghERxBwVKQ0-00014-00006468-00006893 a beautifully clear frequency which it's designed to have, and it also has very
ghERxBwVKQ0-00015-00006893-00007368 little damping to its environment. And so you can use that to check the notes of
ghERxBwVKQ0-00016-00007368-00007904 other things. And you also have other kinds of oscillations like a pendulum
ghERxBwVKQ0-00017-00007904-00008297 which can oscillate for a while and it will eventually get damped as well. In this
ghERxBwVKQ0-00018-00008297-00008583 case largely because it's losing energy because I'm not holding it too well with
ghERxBwVKQ0-00019-00008583-00008945 my arm and so it's losing energy to my arm.
ghERxBwVKQ0-00020-00009426-00009921 Now it's no accident that the things that we saw were very highly damped,
ghERxBwVKQ0-00021-00009921-00010377 tended to have less clear frequencies. So the clearer better frequency you could
ghERxBwVKQ0-00022-00010377-00010845 hear, the less damped it was. That's easy to understand if you look at the wave
ghERxBwVKQ0-00023-00010845-00011331 for a very clear frequency. Remember as we go along in time, a very clear
ghERxBwVKQ0-00024-00011331-00011892 frequency, looks like a sine wave. And if you have something that's really
ghERxBwVKQ0-00025-00011892-00012343 highly damped, then it doesn't look like a sine wave.
ghERxBwVKQ0-00026-00012343-00012835 It's certainly not obvious, but you can make any kind of waveform out of a bunch
ghERxBwVKQ0-00027-00012835-00013188 of sine waves. We need lots of different frequency sine waves in order to make
ghERxBwVKQ0-00028-00013188-00013494 something that looks damped compared to something that looks exactly like a single
ghERxBwVKQ0-00029-00013494-00013995 frequency, like a single sine wave. So for some purposes you definitely want to
ghERxBwVKQ0-00030-00013995-00014566 build something with very low damping , so they get a lovely long pure sound and
ghERxBwVKQ0-00031-00014566-00014970 this tuning fork because it's got low damping, lets us have a nice frequency
ghERxBwVKQ0-00032-00014970-00015406 with which we can set other frequencies. But sometimes you want to build
ghERxBwVKQ0-00033-00015406-00015703 something very deliberately with high damping and that's because the coupling
ghERxBwVKQ0-00034-00015703-00016075 of energy between an oscillator and the environment can go both ways.
ghERxBwVKQ0-00035-00016075-00016597 For example, take a swing! So if you've got a swing, if you push this at one
ghERxBwVKQ0-00036-00016597-00016972 frequency, that's not the correct frequency for the swing, so it's natural
ghERxBwVKQ0-00037-00016972-00017407 oscillation frequency might be particularly slower than this and it
ghERxBwVKQ0-00038-00017407-00017689 doesn't matter if I push it really quite hard if I'm pushing it their own
ghERxBwVKQ0-00039-00017689-00018193 frequency. But if I look okay, that's the frequency it has naturally, and if I tap
ghERxBwVKQ0-00040-00018193-00018801 it with that frequency, and get very big oscillations very fast. So I couple energy
ghERxBwVKQ0-00041-00018801-00019375 from my environment to an oscillator much much better at the particular
ghERxBwVKQ0-00042-00019375-00019765 natural frequency of that oscillator, and that phenomenon is called resonance, and
ghERxBwVKQ0-00043-00019765-00020190 that frequency is the resonant frequency.
gl80iVbAfIE-00000-00000487-00000971 so last episode I started the minister series and I went over what ministry
gl80iVbAfIE-00001-00000971-00001367 really is and what it really means and this week I'm going to have the first
gl80iVbAfIE-00002-00001367-00001760 guest of the series on the show by the name of Carmen Carmen is the kids and
gl80iVbAfIE-00003-00001760-00002118 connections pastor at the church and so I'm going to go over what ministry looks
gl80iVbAfIE-00004-00002118-00002574 like for kids and what ministry would look like for connections and I'm really
gl80iVbAfIE-00005-00002574-00003090 gonna try to dive deep into what behind the scenes ministry looks like so you
gl80iVbAfIE-00006-00003090-00003473 can take a listen on any major podcast listening platform that's going to be
gl80iVbAfIE-00007-00003473-00003945 this Saturday May 18th I'm looking forward to this conversation that I'm
gl80iVbAfIE-00008-00003945-00004269 gonna have with Carmen and I'm really looking forward to the conversations
gl80iVbAfIE-00009-00004269-00004570 that I'll have with you
gnFN5VZ4sdQ-00001-00022288-00022784 not hello
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00000-00000544-00000858 Even today there is any amount of talk about
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00001-00000858-00001692 how a Native American shaman becomes an eagle,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00002-00001692-00002626 Here the occult scientists  evolved other kinds of methods,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00003-00002626-00003176 They pick other forms and make the forms work in a certain way.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00004-00003176-00003496 the occult sciences have many aspects to it.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00005-00003496-00003808 Atharvana Veda is all about this.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00006-00003808-00004684 Superscript: Can You Really Warg Into Animals & Control Them? - Occult & Mysticicsm Episode-2
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00007-00004684-00005526 Questioner: In Native American cultures, they believe animal spirits play a role in human life.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00008-00005526-00007045 What is your understanding of the nature of the relationship between human energy and animal energy?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00009-00007045-00007718 Sadhguru: See, in certain occult sciences, there are certain things that one can do.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00010-00007718-00008726 But those things are seen as totally unnecessary in the spiritual realm.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00011-00008726-00009350 In the yogic realm, these are seen as totally unnecessary and a backward step.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00012-00009350-00009738 In terms of occult, these things are done.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00013-00009738-00010212 Recently, when we were trekking in Nepal, we came across a valley like this,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00014-00010212-00010706 where some Nepali tribes are doing  occult like this with animals.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00015-00010706-00011032 And these are very powerful processes, but
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00016-00011032-00012024 these things were meaningful or useful before modern technology came because you could do certain things.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00017-00012024-00012648 There is a whole tradition of shamanism where
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00018-00012648-00012978 it is…
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00019-00012978-00013687 even today there is any amount of talk about how a Native American shaman becomes an eagle,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00020-00013687-00014791 becomes a fly, becomes a wolf, transforms himself into some other form and gets there and all this.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00021-00014791-00015807 So these are not just stories, it is very much a possibility that one can transform his form if he wishes to.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00022-00015808-00016544 So about people taking on the forms  that they wish according to the convenience
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00023-00016544-00017229 is not a new thing or it’s not an unheard of thing; almost in every part of the world it is there.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00024-00017229-00017811 Particularly it is being publicized in a big way about the North American and South American
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00025-00017811-00018034 shamans these days,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00026-00018034-00018904 about shamans becoming eagle and becoming wolf is… these two forms are very common for them.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00027-00018904-00019356 That was not unheard of here, but it  was looked down upon in this culture.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00028-00019356-00020216 There it is being looked up to… because this is not spirituality, this is occult.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00029-00020216-00021010 Here, our occult scientists – I call them scientists because they are that kind –
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00030-00021010-00021999 they don’t bother to convert themselves into a bird or an animal because the risk…
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00031-00022000-00022388 because when you take on the form of something else,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00032-00022388-00022828 this body (Referring to one’s body – human body) has to be preserved, and it can always be misused.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00033-00022828-00023470 So there have been incidents where somebody left his body here in some safety
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00034-00023470-00024514 and let’s say became an eagle and flew for some time, but when the eagle came back the body is gone,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00035-00024514-00024776 now what does the eagle do?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00036-00024776-00025820 A eagle comes and sits here and says, ‘I am a yogi,’ (Laughter) – pathetic state, isn't it?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00037-00025820-00026286 Because you cannot fly, you think eagle… being a eagle is a big thing.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00038-00026286-00026445 Being a eagle is not a big thing.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00039-00026445-00026760 Though he flies high he is only looking down all the time.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00040-00026760-00027630 It’s better to sit here and look up, rather  than go up and look down; really. (Laughs)
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00041-00027630-00028080 So,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00042-00028080-00028660 here the occult scientists evolved other kinds of methods,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00043-00028660-00029145 that is, they themselves do not take on other forms.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00044-00029145-00029736 They pick other forms and make the forms work in a certain way.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00045-00029736-00030260 They will take a certain animal.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00046-00030260-00030839 Usually one thing that is heavily used is a chicken.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00047-00030839-00031248 Oh, you think that’s waste, hmm? (Laughs)
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00048-00031248-00031760 you know the chicken has to be young and vibrant chicken,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00049-00031760-00032248 uncooked. (Laughter)
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00050-00032248-00032996 So release the chicken’s life and use that life form to do certain things for you.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00051-00032996-00033306 Rather than you taking on the chicken’s body,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00052-00033306-00033888 you make that chicken do things controlled by… remote-controlled chicken all right?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00053-00033888-00034414 A remote-controlled chicken is better than you becoming a chicken, isn't it?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00054-00034414-00034736 Because you becoming a chicken there is a risk -
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00055-00034736-00034976 you left your body and went,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00056-00034976-00035816 you went out  as a chicken and tried to do something and you’ve become somebody’s tandoori. (Laughter)
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00057-00035816-00036476 So, they evolved better… more sophisticated methods to deal with the same things.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00058-00036476-00037200 So, yes, the occult sciences have many aspects to it.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00059-00037200-00037702 One Veda is dedicated towards this - Atharvana Veda is all about this.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00060-00037702-00038322 If we want to practice certain things we could, but we don’t allow such things here,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00061-00038322-00038706 because what’s the point?
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00062-00038706-00039428 All that’ll happen is you will get into more serious levels of ignorance.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00063-00039428-00040060 If you could change two bodies, this and that,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00064-00040060-00040612 you will get more entangled in the  process of life than you are right now.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00065-00040612-00041656 Just the sheer power of it destroys you in so many ways.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00066-00041656-00042254 Sadhguru: Occult was a very useful process, when there was no modern technology,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00067-00042254-00043070 they used it as an access to the physical world in certain ways, but it involves so much of struggle to get there.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00068-00043070-00043434 But today, occult is not so meaningful anymore because
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00069-00043434-00043868 almost everything that occult could do and more, modern technology is doing.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00070-00043868-00044326 You just have to send out a drone, or (Laughter)…
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00071-00044326-00045066 or turn on your television, or just your phone screen will tell you everything that you want to know.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00072-00045066-00045586 So you want to know where the rain clouds are, so you had to do something.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00073-00045586-00045962 Now it’s not necessary - just the weather channel.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00074-00045962-00046230 I’m saying it’s unnecessary effort.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00075-00046230-00046754 So, it’s better to focus on you evolving beyond your animal nature,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00076-00046754-00047208 rather than developing a relationship with animal nature.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00077-00047208-00047442 How to get rid of the animal within you,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00078-00047442-00048250 that’s my work, not how to connect you with animals (Laughter/Applause).
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00079-00048250-00048416 Superscript: Next Friday... Episode 3
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00080-00048416-00048984 The corpses walk in the tantric rituals.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00081-00048984-00049182 when somebody dies
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00082-00049182-00049582 or when somebody is certified dead by your doctor,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00083-00049582-00049828 Superscript: How Tantrics Make Corpses Walk – Occult & Mysticism Episode-3
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00084-00049828-00050132 he is not completely dead.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00085-00050132-00050914 Up to five to seven minutes it's behaving as if it's alive and then falls dead,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00086-00050914-00051270 exhausts itself.
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00087-00051270-00051764 So it's based on this that when somebody dies,
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00088-00051764-00052040 there are rituals in India;
gnMBeWFzrzQ-00089-00052040-00052541 up to 14 days there are various kinds of rituals.
h29hGPnM7wc-00000-00000146-00000768 Thank you very much.
h29hGPnM7wc-00001-00000824-00001312 Lieutenant Governor Stack, Speaker Turzai, President Scarnati,
h29hGPnM7wc-00002-00001312-00001792 Leader Corman, Leader Costa, Leader Reed, Leader Dermody,
h29hGPnM7wc-00003-00001792-00002264 Members of the General Assembly, invited guests, friends and family
h29hGPnM7wc-00005-00006218-00007012 Before I begin I want to take a moment to congratulate the Philadelphia Eagles,
h29hGPnM7wc-00006-00007012-00007454 the city of Philadelphia, and all of Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00007-00007454-00007784 of us in Pennsylvania I know just like where sometimes split between parties
h29hGPnM7wc-00008-00007784-00008172 we're also split between Eagles and Steelers here in the commonwealth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00009-00008172-00008556 But you know what? We're all fans of Pennsylvania and the Eagles and their
h29hGPnM7wc-00010-00008556-00008992 devoted fans deserve this moment and we should all be happy to share it.
h29hGPnM7wc-00011-00008992-00010344 We now have seven Super Bowl rings in Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00012-00010492-00011702 That’s something we can all be proud of. So fly, Eagles, fly.
h29hGPnM7wc-00013-00011756-00012142 Just like many of us have so much pride in the Eagles,
h29hGPnM7wc-00014-00012142-00012620 the story of our Commonwealth has always been a story about pride.
h29hGPnM7wc-00015-00012620-00013206 We Pennsylvanians have always been proud of the work we do.  Proud of the industries we’ve built.
h29hGPnM7wc-00016-00013206-00013563 Proud of the communities we grow up in, and raise our kids in.
h29hGPnM7wc-00017-00013569-00013952 Proud of the traditions we pass down through the generations.
h29hGPnM7wc-00018-00013952-00014336 But, by the time I took this office three years ago, the economy had changed –
h29hGPnM7wc-00019-00014336-00014722 and the Commonwealth we love was headed in the wrong direction.
h29hGPnM7wc-00020-00014722-00015019 When I stood outside this building on that Tuesday afternoon and
h29hGPnM7wc-00021-00015019-00015306 took the oath of office as Pennsylvania’s Governor,
h29hGPnM7wc-00022-00015306-00015826 I talked about what made our Commonwealth a place we are all so proud to be from.
h29hGPnM7wc-00023-00015826-00016018 A place where we build things.
h29hGPnM7wc-00024-00016018-00016604 A place where you can find work that puts food on the table and allows you to save up for college or retirement.
h29hGPnM7wc-00025-00016604-00016978 A place where you can watch your kids grow up and find jobs of their own –
h29hGPnM7wc-00026-00016978-00017452 maybe even start their own business someday and sign the other side of the paycheck.
h29hGPnM7wc-00027-00017452-00017840 I believed then, as I believe today, that the people of
h29hGPnM7wc-00028-00017840-00018314 Pennsylvania have what it takes to restore those values and rebuild our prosperity.
h29hGPnM7wc-00029-00018340-00018832 What was standing in our way wasn’t our work ethic or our entrepreneurial spirit
h29hGPnM7wc-00030-00018832-00019348 but a kind of political paralysis – a status quo in which, too often, politicians in Harrisburg
h29hGPnM7wc-00031-00019348-00019640 simply couldn’t find a way to make the tough
h29hGPnM7wc-00032-00019640-00020010 decisions and smart investments we would need to get back on track.
h29hGPnM7wc-00033-00020040-00020380 So I promised that I would challenge that status quo here in Harrisburg.
h29hGPnM7wc-00034-00020410-00020728 And that’s what I’ve tried to do for the last three years.
h29hGPnM7wc-00035-00020766-00021228 Sometimes, that’s meant challenging this legislature to step out of its comfort zone.
h29hGPnM7wc-00036-00021248-00021550 Sometimes, we’ve worked our way to compromise.
h29hGPnM7wc-00037-00021550-00021834 Sometimes, I’ve been forced to move forward on my own.
h29hGPnM7wc-00038-00021916-00022104 We still have a lot of work to do.
h29hGPnM7wc-00039-00022104-00022380 By taking on the status quo here in Harrisburg,
h29hGPnM7wc-00040-00022380-00022874 we’ve already begun to write a new story for our Commonwealth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00041-00022932-00023296 It's not a story about a past we’ll never get back.
h29hGPnM7wc-00042-00023296-00023902 But a story about a brighter future we can build together – if we can muster up the political will to do it.
h29hGPnM7wc-00043-00023902-00024228 So today, I’m here to challenge you
h29hGPnM7wc-00044-00024230-00024756 to join me in writing the next chapter of that proud Pennsylvania story.
h29hGPnM7wc-00045-00024756-00025186 Where else could the story of Pennsylvania’s future begin than in our schools?
h29hGPnM7wc-00046-00025186-00025639 Long before I was Governor, I was a parent who knew that nothing is more important
h29hGPnM7wc-00047-00025639-00026139 than being able to give your child the opportunity that comes with a great education.
h29hGPnM7wc-00048-00026183-00026327 I was also a business owner
h29hGPnM7wc-00049-00026327-00026748 who knew that nothing is more important than being able to find qualified employees.
h29hGPnM7wc-00050-00026792-00027386 And so I knew that we couldn’t bring back our economy until we brought back our public education system.
h29hGPnM7wc-00051-00027386-00027972 I knew that businesses would not invest in Pennsylvania until Pennsylvania invested in its schools.
h29hGPnM7wc-00052-00028002-00028539 That’s why the first thing I did when I got to Harrisburg was to draw a line in the sand on education.
h29hGPnM7wc-00053-00028539-00028852 Over the last three years, we’ve invested in our schools and
h29hGPnM7wc-00054-00028852-00029258 reversed the billion dollars in cuts that were made under the previous administration,
h29hGPnM7wc-00055-00029258-00029516 cuts that led to larger class sizes,
h29hGPnM7wc-00056-00029516-00029998 mass layoffs of educators, and cuts to programs like full-day kindergarten.
h29hGPnM7wc-00057-00030033-00030389 And we’ve already begun to see those investments pay off.
h29hGPnM7wc-00058-00030424-00030958 Today, we have nearly 100,000 students enrolled in full-day kindergarten,
h29hGPnM7wc-00059-00030958-00031408 and we’ve increased the number of kids able to attend pre-kindergarten by nearly half.
h29hGPnM7wc-00060-00031454-00031994 Our high school graduation rate is more than 86 percent, making us a national leader.
h29hGPnM7wc-00061-00032016-00032566 We’re second in the nation in STEM education, preparing our children for the jobs of tomorrow.
h29hGPnM7wc-00062-00032577-00032936 And we’ve increased the number of career and technical education
h29hGPnM7wc-00063-00032936-00033382 students earning industry-recognized certificates by nearly 33 percent,
h29hGPnM7wc-00064-00033382-00033878 preparing them for the jobs our employers are trying to fill right now.
h29hGPnM7wc-00065-00033896-00034422 Rebuilding our schools is the beginning of rebuilding our economy – but it’s just the beginning.
h29hGPnM7wc-00066-00034450-00035110 For three years now, we’ve been working to create more jobs that pay in every corner of our state.
h29hGPnM7wc-00067-00035174-00035654 Since I took office, Pennsylvania has gained nearly 180,000 jobs.
h29hGPnM7wc-00068-00035676-00036014 And in the last year, we led our region in job growth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00069-00036044-00036332 Many of these jobs are from direct investment by the commonwealth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00070-00036336-00036738 For example, the investments we’ve made in the Shell Cracker Plant, the port of Philadelphia,
h29hGPnM7wc-00071-00036752-00037472 the online retailer in Paoli, and the steel plant in Johnstown are on pace to create more than 15,000 jobs.
h29hGPnM7wc-00072-00037514-00037828 The workforce development partnerships we’ve forged are on pace
h29hGPnM7wc-00073-00037828-00038270 to train thousands of workers for jobs that are sitting open right now.
h29hGPnM7wc-00074-00038270-00039056 Over the last three years, we’ve repaired or rebuilt 1,600 bridges, and more than 18,000 miles of roadways.
h29hGPnM7wc-00075-00039056-00039672 And over the next decade, we’re going to invest $2 billion more in rebuilding roads, highways, and bridges
h29hGPnM7wc-00076-00039672-00040260 across our Commonwealth so that our people can get to work and our products can get to market.
h29hGPnM7wc-00077-00040260-00040790 It is for these reasons that I think a company like Amazon is considering Philadelphia or Pittsburgh
h29hGPnM7wc-00078-00040790-00041062 as the location of its second headquarters.
h29hGPnM7wc-00079-00041078-00041696 Businesses don’t invest in states that don’t invest in education, infrastructure or job training.
h29hGPnM7wc-00080-00041730-00042258 We’re doing all of these things, and I am hopeful Amazon will come here, build here, and expand here.
h29hGPnM7wc-00081-00042258-00042458 Have at it!
h29hGPnM7wc-00082-00043442-00043914 Meanwhile, we’ve also gotten rid of burdensome taxes like the Capital Stock and Franchise Tax,
h29hGPnM7wc-00083-00043914-00044212 cut red tape that made it harder to build a small business,
h29hGPnM7wc-00084-00044212-00044708 and streamlined the services we offer so that our government can be an ally,
h29hGPnM7wc-00085-00044708-00045234 not an obstacle, for entrepreneurs looking to get started right here in Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00086-00045234-00045666 In fact, this week, we followed through on a promise I made last year
h29hGPnM7wc-00087-00045666-00046248 by launching a one-stop shop for businesses and business owners to access state services.
h29hGPnM7wc-00088-00046248-00046722 There’s more to do, from expanding access to the internet to every corner of the Commonwealth
h29hGPnM7wc-00089-00046738-00047192 to a new workforce program called PA Smart that will consolidate our workforce development
h29hGPnM7wc-00090-00047192-00047526 efforts into another one-stop shop.
h29hGPnM7wc-00091-00047526-00048050 And speaking of our workforce, in this year’s budget, I’m proposing another major step forward:
h29hGPnM7wc-00092-00048050-00048504 a significant investment in career and technical education to help make Pennsylvania
h29hGPnM7wc-00093-00048504-00049864 a better place to learn, a better place to work – and a better place to do business.
h29hGPnM7wc-00094-00049978-00050454 Developing a workforce that can compete and win in the 21st-century economy
h29hGPnM7wc-00095-00050456-00050774 is the single best way to help Pennsylvania businesses grow –
h29hGPnM7wc-00096-00050776-00051078 and attract new businesses to our Commonwealth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00097-00051100-00051417 It’s also the single best thing we can do to help more of our people
h29hGPnM7wc-00098-00051417-00051728 find better jobs – not just tomorrow, but today.
h29hGPnM7wc-00099-00051755-00052017 Indeed, these aren’t just jobs, but careers
h29hGPnM7wc-00100-00052017-00052491 – everything from welding and machining to coding and advanced manufacturing –
h29hGPnM7wc-00101-00052491-00052902 careers that can sustain families and enrich communities.
h29hGPnM7wc-00102-00052902-00053320 And these careers aren’t reserved for people with four-year degrees.
h29hGPnM7wc-00103-00053320-00053717 Anyone in our state who’s willing to put in an honest day’s work
h29hGPnM7wc-00104-00053717-00054164 deserves a shot to make a good living – and by investing in these programs,
h29hGPnM7wc-00105-00054164-00054555 we can give them a chance to gain the skills they need to do it.
h29hGPnM7wc-00106-00054578-00054884 For example, at LCR Embedded Systems in Norristown,
h29hGPnM7wc-00107-00054884-00055282 there’s a man named Michael Rosenberger – who is here today.
h29hGPnM7wc-00108-00055282-00055610 Michael where are you?
h29hGPnM7wc-00109-00056529-00057014 Michael works on the manufacturing line, servicing a major contract.
h29hGPnM7wc-00110-00057014-00057848 Eight years ago, he would never have expected to be in that high-level advanced manufacturing position.
h29hGPnM7wc-00111-00057848-00058344 He didn’t have a college degree, and he was working at the plant as a janitor.
h29hGPnM7wc-00112-00058366-00058882 But Michael was a great employee – a smart guy who took the work he did to heart, no matter what it was.
h29hGPnM7wc-00113-00058908-00059216 And he wanted to do more than just collect a paycheck.
h29hGPnM7wc-00114-00059216-00059552 He wanted to build a career making things right here in Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00115-00059591-00060088 So, thanks to a workforce training program through the Department of Community and Economic Development,
h29hGPnM7wc-00116-00060088-00060505 he was able to get additional training at Montgomery County Community College.
h29hGPnM7wc-00117-00060517-00060964 With his new skills, he was able to move up to the assembly floor.
h29hGPnM7wc-00118-00060964-00061226 And then he got promoted again, to the machine shop.
h29hGPnM7wc-00119-00061252-00061629 Here’s a guy who had had no formal experience in machine shop work
h29hGPnM7wc-00120-00061629-00061874 until he got this additional training.
h29hGPnM7wc-00121-00061874-00062474 and, now, he’s the head of the entire machine shop at LCR, and a role model to his fellow employees.
h29hGPnM7wc-00122-00062496-00062874 Michael’s making more money – and making an even greater contribution, not just to his family and his employer, but to his community.
h29hGPnM7wc-00123-00062874-00063262 not just to his family and his employer, but to his community.
h29hGPnM7wc-00124-00063279-00063650 There should be a place in Pennsylvania’s future for people like Michael.
h29hGPnM7wc-00125-00063660-00064108 There should be a place in Pennsylvania’s future for anyone willing to work hard
h29hGPnM7wc-00126-00064108-00064786 to make a better life – and I hope you’re ready to work with me to make that happen.
h29hGPnM7wc-00127-00065564-00065742 I’m hopeful because, over the last three years,
h29hGPnM7wc-00128-00065742-00066066 we’ve begun to see progress in changing the way things work around here.
h29hGPnM7wc-00129-00066150-00066668 I’m also well aware that, sometimes, progress doesn’t come without a push.
h29hGPnM7wc-00130-00066708-00067084 When I took office as Governor, I knew that I had to set a new tone here in Harrisburg.
h29hGPnM7wc-00131-00067104-00067494 That’s why I banned anyone in my administration from taking gifts from lobbyists,
h29hGPnM7wc-00132-00067494-00067758 I got rid of pay-to-play contracting,
h29hGPnM7wc-00133-00067774-00068164 I refused to take a salary or a pension, and I paid for my own health insurance.
h29hGPnM7wc-00134-00068196-00068568 But the people of Pennsylvania had a right to expect much more from their government.
h29hGPnM7wc-00135-00068608-00068990 Even though they elected a Democratic Governor and a Republican legislature,
h29hGPnM7wc-00136-00068992-00069270 they expected all of us to find ways to work together
h29hGPnM7wc-00137-00069270-00069698 or Pennsylvania – and they expected us to deliver results.
h29hGPnM7wc-00138-00069714-00071106 Now, it has always been, and will always be, my preference to work with the legislature.
h29hGPnM7wc-00139-00071106-00071678 When we’ve found ways to do that, we’ve been able to get a lot done for the people of Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00140-00071728-00072152 That’s how we expanded our response to the opioid crisis, arming law enforcement
h29hGPnM7wc-00141-00072158-00072514 with the tools they need to fight this epidemic on the front lines and
h29hGPnM7wc-00142-00072514-00073066 helping thousands of people struggling with addiction get access to the treatment that could save their lives.
h29hGPnM7wc-00143-00073112-00073966 Working together, we’ve reduced the prison population, while lowering Pennsylvania’s crime rates.
h29hGPnM7wc-00144-00074622-00075052 Despite this, our cities still face issues of violence, and we need to work together – legislators,
h29hGPnM7wc-00145-00075052-00075562 the administration, and Attorney General Shapiro – to make our cities and communities safer
h29hGPnM7wc-00146-00075562-00075920 so violence is never an obstacle to opportunity.
h29hGPnM7wc-00147-00075920-00076358 Working together is how we enacted a fair funding formula in our education system
h29hGPnM7wc-00148-00076358-00076694 that takes politics out of school funding and
h29hGPnM7wc-00149-00076694-00077254 makes sure that your zip code doesn’t determine what kind of education you can get.
h29hGPnM7wc-00150-00077834-00078386 That’s how we solved one of the thorniest problems in Harrisburg – reforming our pension system
h29hGPnM7wc-00151-00078386-00078708 in a way that’s fair to our workers and fair to our taxpayers,
h29hGPnM7wc-00152-00078708-00079052 so we can stop wasting so much money on Wall Street fees,
h29hGPnM7wc-00153-00079052-00079458 meet our obligations, and start paying down our debt.
h29hGPnM7wc-00154-00079494-00079718 That’s how we finally made medical marijuana legal so that
h29hGPnM7wc-00155-00079718-00080276 patients in our state can get access to the medicine they need to live without pain.
h29hGPnM7wc-00156-00080926-00081302 And that’s how, at long, long last, we reformed our liquor system.
h29hGPnM7wc-00157-00081302-00081644 And when some in the legislature haven’t mustered up the political will to work with me,
h29hGPnM7wc-00158-00081644-00081860 I have no problem doing the work on my own.
h29hGPnM7wc-00159-00081892-00082268 Whether it’s expanding Medicaid to cover 715,000 Pennsylvanians,
h29hGPnM7wc-00160-00083042-00083362 and cutting our uninsured rate to the lowest it’s ever been,
h29hGPnM7wc-00161-00083362-00083898 expanding opportunities for seniors to stay in their homes while they get the care they need as they age,
h29hGPnM7wc-00162-00083898-00084452 or streamlining agencies in state government, I have done things on my own to help the people of PA.
h29hGPnM7wc-00163-00084502-00085130 But Harrisburg works better – Pennsylvania works better – when we work together to make it work for everyone.
h29hGPnM7wc-00164-00085192-00085688 When it comes to this year’s budget, working together will be easier than in years past,
h29hGPnM7wc-00165-00085688-00086054 because, after decades of neglect and years of crisis,
h29hGPnM7wc-00166-00086054-00086550 we have finally begun to tame the fiscal beast that haunts Harrisburg.
h29hGPnM7wc-00167-00086550-00086974 No one here needs reminding that Harrisburg’s chronic inability to deal with that crisis
h29hGPnM7wc-00168-00086974-00087370 has long been the most visible symbol of what’s wrong with our state’s government.
h29hGPnM7wc-00169-00087370-00087702 And I’m proud that we’ve begun to change that story.
h29hGPnM7wc-00170-00087702-00088018 Some of the work, I’ve been able to do from the Governor’s office.
h29hGPnM7wc-00171-00088018-00088462 Taking a business owner’s approach to our budget, cutting $2 billion by streamlining our bureaucracy and
h29hGPnM7wc-00172-00088462-00088780 billion dollars by streamlining our bureaucracy saving Pennsylvanians
h29hGPnM7wc-00173-00088780-00089348 saving Pennsylvanians another $700 million by cracking down on fraud and abuse.
h29hGPnM7wc-00174-00089348-00089736 Some of the work, we’ve been able to do together, like making full pension payments,
h29hGPnM7wc-00175-00089736-00090328 reforming our criminal justice system to reduce our prison population, and lowering health care costs.
h29hGPnM7wc-00176-00090328-00090608 And because we’ve begun to take a new approach to our budget,
h29hGPnM7wc-00177-00090608-00091118 I can come before you today with a budget that makes the investments we need
h29hGPnM7wc-00178-00091118-00091764 to continue our progress without any tax increases on Pennsylvania families.
h29hGPnM7wc-00179-00092418-00093026 I’m going to keep doing whatever I can to reduce costs and streamline government.
h29hGPnM7wc-00180-00093026-00093484 But we can do so much more to improve our fiscal future if we work together.
h29hGPnM7wc-00181-00093484-00093776 And that brings us to the severance tax.
h29hGPnM7wc-00182-00093776-00094318 Pennsylvania is one of the few states fortunate enough to have abundant natural gas resources.
h29hGPnM7wc-00183-00094318-00094724 And yet we are the only one of those states without a severance tax.
h29hGPnM7wc-00184-00094724-00095446 Everywhere else – TX, OK, LA, AK – they’re bringing in billions of dollars from the oil and gas industries.
h29hGPnM7wc-00185-00095446-00095926 That money’s going to fix roads, build schools, and keep taxes low.
h29hGPnM7wc-00186-00095926-00096222 And let’s understand exactly what a severance tax is.
h29hGPnM7wc-00187-00096222-00096714 It’s a tax paid by people mostly outside of Pennsylvania to use our natural resources.
h29hGPnM7wc-00188-00096714-00097030 And by failing to put in place this commonsense tax,
h29hGPnM7wc-00189-00097030-00097712 we’re actually just paying other states’ taxes – when we fill up our cars, or heat our homes
h29hGPnM7wc-00190-00097712-00098068 we’re paying for Alaska’s schools and Texas’ roads.
h29hGPnM7wc-00191-00098068-00098684 I don’t know about you, but I don’t remember getting a thank you note from anyone in Alaska or Texas.
h29hGPnM7wc-00192-00098684-00099082 Pennsylvania is blowing most other states out of the water when it comes to production.
h29hGPnM7wc-00193-00099096-00099462 And by joining every other gas-producing state and passing a severance tax,
h29hGPnM7wc-00194-00099462-00099928 we could also join them by bringing billions into our own coffers.
h29hGPnM7wc-00195-00099928-00100488 Ask these oil and gas behemoths to pay their fair share for extracting Pennsylvania’s bountiful resources,
h29hGPnM7wc-00196-00100488-00100936 and we can build a brighter future for Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00197-00102124-00102392 This is only hard if politicians choose to make it hard.
h29hGPnM7wc-00198-00102392-00102583 So why isn’t it done?
h29hGPnM7wc-00199-00102583-00102988 Well, the truth is, as rich as our Commonwealth is in some natural resources,
h29hGPnM7wc-00200-00102988-00103414 special interests have put political courage in short supply.
h29hGPnM7wc-00201-00103414-00103752 I get it.  The oil and gas industry, they’re powerful.
h29hGPnM7wc-00202-00103752-00103880 But in the time I’ve been here,
h29hGPnM7wc-00203-00103880-00104056 I’ve seen people in this legislature
h29hGPnM7wc-00204-00104056-00104292 – even people I disagree with about pretty much everything –
h29hGPnM7wc-00205-00104292-00104614 set politics aside to do what’s right.
h29hGPnM7wc-00206-00104614-00104938 I believe you have it in you to do it again.
h29hGPnM7wc-00207-00104938-00105126 Pennsylvania is counting on you to do it again.
h29hGPnM7wc-00208-00105126-00105506 So, today, I’m not just asking you, but challenging you, to do the right thing and
h29hGPnM7wc-00209-00105506-00105938 pass a severance tax this year – so we can keep making the investments that will grow our economy,
h29hGPnM7wc-00210-00105938-00106278 keep making progress on the issues Pennsylvanians care about,
h29hGPnM7wc-00211-00106278-00106848 and keep writing the proud story of a brighter future for Pennsylvania.
h29hGPnM7wc-00212-00107738-00108348 After all, the Pennsylvania we all are so proud of – the place where you could work hard and earn a good living,
h29hGPnM7wc-00213-00108348-00108916 raise your family in a strong community, watch your kids find opportunity of their own.
h29hGPnM7wc-00214-00108916-00109172 That wasn’t magically bestowed upon us.
h29hGPnM7wc-00215-00109185-00109685 It was built, by generations of people who did hard things, together.
h29hGPnM7wc-00216-00109702-00109830 Now it’s our turn.
h29hGPnM7wc-00217-00109842-00110314 It’s our turn to make the tough decisions with courage and conviction.
h29hGPnM7wc-00218-00110314-00110950 It’s our turn to invest in new technologies, inspire new discoveries, and incubate new industries.
h29hGPnM7wc-00219-00110950-00111266 It’s our turn to build a stronger and fairer economy;
h29hGPnM7wc-00220-00111266-00111898 healthier and safer communities; and new opportunities for the next generation.
h29hGPnM7wc-00221-00111930-00112502 It’s our turn to finish writing the next chapter in the story of this great Commonwealth.
h29hGPnM7wc-00222-00112522-00112794 I have never been more proud to be a Pennsylvanian.
h29hGPnM7wc-00223-00112796-00113032 I have never been more confident of our people.
h29hGPnM7wc-00224-00113046-00113316 I have never been more hopeful of our future.
h29hGPnM7wc-00225-00113318-00113483 And if you feel the same way,
h29hGPnM7wc-00226-00113483-00113959 please consider this budget proposal an invitation to join me in building that future, together.
h29hGPnM7wc-00227-00113959-00114280 Thank you very much.
h29hGPnM7wc-00228-00117364-00117570 you
h590EP8Xy1y-00000-00001142-00001515 President-Elect Trump Starts Day By Tweeting Bold Prediction.
h590EP8Xy1y-00001-00001515-00001698 by V. Saxena.
h590EP8Xy1y-00002-00001698-00002205 One of the very first tweets President-elect Donald Trump issued Friday morning contained
h590EP8Xy1y-00003-00002205-00002622 a message directed to the American people about the future of their healthcare.
h590EP8Xy1y-00004-00002622-00003209 �The �Unaffordable� Care Act will soon be history!� he wrote, referencing President
h590EP8Xy1y-00005-00003209-00003736 Barack Obama�s widely panned Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare.
h590EP8Xy1y-00006-00003736-00004238 The meaning of the tweet likely lay in Congress�s move early Thursday morning to formally begin
h590EP8Xy1y-00007-00004238-00004473 the process of repealing the law.
h590EP8Xy1y-00008-00004473-00005081 Specifically, the Senate voted 51-48 in favor a budget resolution instructing committees
h590EP8Xy1y-00009-00005081-00005641 in both the House and Senate to officially begin working on repeal of Obamacare.
h590EP8Xy1y-00010-00005641-00006151 For the process to continue unabated, a couple of additional things must happen.
h590EP8Xy1y-00011-00006151-00006679 The House needs to pass its own budget resolution, an official repeal bill must be introduced
h590EP8Xy1y-00012-00006679-00007243 and pass through both chambers of Congress, and then the president must sign it.
h590EP8Xy1y-00013-00007243-00007759 What remains unclear is whether Republicans will merely repeal Obamacare or repeal and
h590EP8Xy1y-00014-00007759-00008115 replace it, which is what Trump has indicated he prefers.
h590EP8Xy1y-00015-00008115-00008545 �It�ll be repeal and replace,� he said during a press conference Wednesday.
h590EP8Xy1y-00016-00008545-00008663 �It will be essentially, simultaneously.
h590EP8Xy1y-00017-00008663-00009501 It will be various segments, you understand, but will most likely be on the same day or
h590EP8Xy1y-00018-00009501-00009926 the same week, but probably, the same day, could be the same hour.�
h590EP8Xy1y-00019-00009926-00010636 Moreover, in a tweet published last Friday, Sen. Rand Paul, R.Ky., claimed that Trump
h590EP8Xy1y-00020-00010636-00011254 had professed his support for his own plan to repeal and replace Obama on the same day.
h590EP8Xy1y-00021-00011254-00011722 According to an op-ed the senator penned for Rare in early January, this plan revolves
h590EP8Xy1y-00022-00011722-00012172 around empowering Americans with the freedom to choose inexpensive insurance �free of
h590EP8Xy1y-00023-00012172-00012630 government dictates,� save �unlimited amounts� in a health savings account, buy
h590EP8Xy1y-00024-00012630-00013184 insurance across state lines, and join together in �voluntary associations� to gain the
h590EP8Xy1y-00025-00013184-00013543 leverage of being part of a large insurance pool.
h590EP8Xy1y-00026-00013543-00014068 Were Republicans to simply repeal Obamacare, roughly 7 million Americans would lose their
h590EP8Xy1y-00027-00014068-00014573 health insurance this year, according to the American College of Physicians.
h590EP8Xy1y-00028-00014573-00015015 The negative feedback from simply repealing the law could damage the party�s performance
h590EP8Xy1y-00029-00015015-00015234 in future elections.
h590EP8Xy1y-00030-00015234-00015909 By repealing and replacing the law, Republicans could avoid a lot of potential political heartache.
h590EP8Xy1y-00031-00015909-00016029 What do you think?
h590EP8Xy1y-00032-00016029-00017193 Scroll down to comment below.
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hs1NUaV7B80-00000-00000000-00001112 "Food for Hair Growth "
hs1NUaV7B80-00001-00001112-00001520 Androgenic or androgenetic alopecia, also known as
hs1NUaV7B80-00002-00001520-00001904 male or female pattern hair loss, is one of the most common
hs1NUaV7B80-00003-00001904-00002224 chronic problems seen by dermatologists.
hs1NUaV7B80-00004-00002224-00002504 Wait, so it’s called male pattern hair loss
hs1NUaV7B80-00005-00002504-00002824 and female pattern hair loss?
hs1NUaV7B80-00006-00002824-00003112 Yeah, in men they call it male pattern hair loss,
hs1NUaV7B80-00007-00003112-00003487 and in women they call it female pattern hair loss.
hs1NUaV7B80-00008-00003496-00003920 Okay. Either way, it is characterized by progressive hair loss,
hs1NUaV7B80-00009-00003920-00004208 predominantly of the central scalp.
hs1NUaV7B80-00010-00004208-00004448 I’ve talked about hair loss supplements.
hs1NUaV7B80-00011-00004448-00004696 I’ve talked about hair loss drugs.
hs1NUaV7B80-00012-00004696-00004904 What about foods for hair loss?
hs1NUaV7B80-00013-00004904-00005376 What role might diet play in the treatment of hair loss?
hs1NUaV7B80-00014-00005376-00005824 Human experiments with fecal transplants offer a clue to how powerful
hs1NUaV7B80-00015-00005824-00006280 our microbiome is, with reports of improvements in hair loss
hs1NUaV7B80-00016-00006280-00006672 after a fecal slurry made from freshly passed stools from a donor
hs1NUaV7B80-00017-00006672-00007231 was administered into another person’s colon, and not just by a little.
hs1NUaV7B80-00018-00007231-00007584 A totally bald guy starts growing back hair a few months
hs1NUaV7B80-00019-00007584-00007888 after a fecal transplant and a little over a year later,
hs1NUaV7B80-00020-00007888-00008216 check it out, completely regrown.
hs1NUaV7B80-00021-00008216-00008632 The moral of the story is not to drink brown smoothies,
hs1NUaV7B80-00022-00008632-00009032 but to keep your good gut bugs happy.
hs1NUaV7B80-00023-00009032-00009296 Population studies have found that male pattern baldness
hs1NUaV7B80-00024-00009296-00009496 is associated with poor sleeping habits
hs1NUaV7B80-00025-00009496-00009728 and the consumption of meat and junk food;
hs1NUaV7B80-00026-00009728-00009976 whereas protective associations were found
hs1NUaV7B80-00027-00009976-00010304 for the consumption of raw vegetables, fresh herbs,
hs1NUaV7B80-00028-00010304-00010648 as well as the frequent consumption of soymilk.
hs1NUaV7B80-00029-00010648-00010976 Drinking soy beverages on a weekly basis was associated
hs1NUaV7B80-00030-00010976-00011384 with 62 percent lower odds of moderate to severe hair loss,
hs1NUaV7B80-00031-00011384-00011608 raising the possibility that there may be
hs1NUaV7B80-00032-00011608-00012030 compounds in plants that may be protective.
hs1NUaV7B80-00033-00012030-00012336 Complementary and alternative medicine treatments
hs1NUaV7B80-00034-00012336-00012632 “boast the ability to ’cure’ hair loss ‘safely’
hs1NUaV7B80-00035-00012632-00012952 with ‘less side effects’ than conventional medicine.
hs1NUaV7B80-00036-00012952-00013312 However, it is important...to look beyond the overarching claims
hs1NUaV7B80-00037-00013312-00013656 and marketing to critically review the literature.”
hs1NUaV7B80-00038-00013656-00013928 For example, many studies have little relevance
hs1NUaV7B80-00039-00013928-00014336 because the evidence was obtained on shaved rodents.
hs1NUaV7B80-00040-00014336-00014791 Hey, let’s smear shaved mice with bee venom.
hs1NUaV7B80-00041-00014791-00015136 And even when they do clinical studies on actual people,
hs1NUaV7B80-00042-00015136-00015432 sometime there’s no placebo control; so, you have no idea
hs1NUaV7B80-00043-00015432-00015680 if the food had anything to do with it.
hs1NUaV7B80-00044-00015680-00016056 But there has been a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study
hs1NUaV7B80-00045-00016056-00016416 of compounds in hot peppers and soy,
hs1NUaV7B80-00046-00016416-00016776 showing significantly higher promotion of hair growth.
hs1NUaV7B80-00047-00016776-00017128 Here are some before-and-after pictures of both men and women.
hs1NUaV7B80-00048-00017128-00017440 Okay, but what kind of doses were they using?
hs1NUaV7B80-00049-00017440-00018176 6 mg of capsaicin a day and 75 milligrams of isoflavones.
hs1NUaV7B80-00050-00018176-00018609 Okay, what does that translate out to in real food?
hs1NUaV7B80-00051-00018616-00018984 You can get 6 mg of capsaicin in just a quarter
hs1NUaV7B80-00052-00018984-00019504 of a fresh jalapeno pepper a day. That sounds pretty doable.
hs1NUaV7B80-00053-00019504-00019752 And you can get 75 mg of isoflavones
hs1NUaV7B80-00054-00019752-00020216 eating ¾ of a cup of tempeh or just straight soybeans.
hs1NUaV7B80-00055-00020216-00020502 Soy nuts are even more concentrated,
hs1NUaV7B80-00056-00020502-00020648 dry roasted soybeans,
hs1NUaV7B80-00057-00020648-00020968 but given the formation of advanced glycation end-products
hs1NUaV7B80-00058-00020968-00021344 in high fat/high protein foods at high temperatures, I’d suggest
hs1NUaV7B80-00059-00021344-00022008 avoiding routinely eating roasted or toasted nuts, seeds, or soy.
hs1NUaV7B80-00060-00022008-00022216 There’s also been a randomized, double-blind,
hs1NUaV7B80-00061-00022216-00022568 placebo-controlled trial of pumpkin seed oil.
hs1NUaV7B80-00062-00022568-00022824 Where did they get that idea?
hs1NUaV7B80-00063-00022824-00023208 In 2009, a study out of South Korea found that randomizing men
hs1NUaV7B80-00064-00023208-00023792 with BPH—enlarged prostate glands— to just 320 mg of pumpkin seed oil
hs1NUaV7B80-00065-00023792-00024352 a day (that’s about 16th of a teaspoon, so just a few drops a day)
hs1NUaV7B80-00066-00024352-00024640 improved urinary flow rates.
hs1NUaV7B80-00067-00024640-00025080 Urinary flow continued to kink off and decline in the control group,
hs1NUaV7B80-00068-00025080-00025376 but those taking the equivalent of just like eating two
hs1NUaV7B80-00069-00025376-00025824 single pumpkin seeds a day saw a significant improvement.
hs1NUaV7B80-00070-00025824-00026056 That would seem to be an anti-androgen effect,
hs1NUaV7B80-00071-00026056-00026264 so maybe it would help with hair loss.
hs1NUaV7B80-00072-00026264-00026608 It seems to work in mice when used topically,
hs1NUaV7B80-00073-00026608-00026872 but what about in people just eating pumpkin seeds.
hs1NUaV7B80-00074-00026872-00027080 It couldn’t hurt.
hs1NUaV7B80-00075-00027080-00027466 Sadly, we often throw away pumpkin seeds, squash seeds,
hs1NUaV7B80-00076-00027466-00027639 or watermelon seeds, and they actually have
hs1NUaV7B80-00077-00027639-00027927 a rich repertoire of nutrition.
hs1NUaV7B80-00078-00027927-00028254 But you don’t know if they actually work for hair loss,
hs1NUaV7B80-00079-00028254-00028536 until you put it to the test.
hs1NUaV7B80-00080-00028536-00028824 In a study, 76 men with male pattern baldness received
hs1NUaV7B80-00081-00028824-00029168 400 mg of pumpkin seed oil a day hidden in capsules,
hs1NUaV7B80-00082-00029168-00029688 or they took capsules instead of the placebo for a few months.
hs1NUaV7B80-00083-00029688-00029976 Again, that’s only like eating two pumpkin seeds a day,
hs1NUaV7B80-00084-00029976-00030248 maybe two and a half pumpkin seeds.
hs1NUaV7B80-00085-00030248-00030568 They measured scalp hair growth with all sorts of objective
hs1NUaV7B80-00086-00030568-00031039 and subjective measures, and... after 24 weeks of treatment,
hs1NUaV7B80-00087-00031039-00031264 self-rated improvement and satisfaction scores
hs1NUaV7B80-00088-00031264-00031576 in the actual pumpkin seed oil group was higher,
hs1NUaV7B80-00089-00031576-00031912 and they objectively had more hair, a 40 percent increase
hs1NUaV7B80-00090-00031912-00032376 in hair counts compared to only 10 percent in the placebo group.
hs1NUaV7B80-00091-00032376-00032600 Here are some representative before-and-after shots
hs1NUaV7B80-00092-00032600-00032912 of the improvement in hair coverage on two and a half
hs1NUaV7B80-00093-00032912-00033192 pumpkin seed’s worth of daily oil.
hs1NUaV7B80-00094-00033192-00033472 Show those pictures to blinded investigators who don’t know
hs1NUaV7B80-00095-00033472-00033800 who’s in which group, and they rate the placebo groups as
hs1NUaV7B80-00096-00033800-00034008 getting slightly worse over time
hs1NUaV7B80-00097-00034008-00034424 but the pumpkin seed oil group getting significantly better.
hs1NUaV7B80-00098-00034424-00034856 In the pumpkin group, 95 percent remained either unchanged or improved,
hs1NUaV7B80-00099-00034856-00035120 whereas in the control group more than 90 percent
hs1NUaV7B80-00100-00035120-00035408 remained unchanged or worsened.
hs1NUaV7B80-00101-00035408-00035720 Given such a pronounced effect might we be worried
hs1NUaV7B80-00102-00035720-00035920 about sexual side-effects?
hs1NUaV7B80-00103-00035920-00036224 They looked before and after at an index of erectile dysfunction
hs1NUaV7B80-00104-00036224-00036584 and found no evidence of adverse effects.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00000-00000190-00000390 Hello friends, Today we will look at
hAn3Reh2rJu-00001-00000412-00000612 Snatch push press jerk
hAn3Reh2rJu-00002-00000674-00001228 if you are not subscribed to my channel already, please do so now in order not to miss  any new videos.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00003-00002772-00003040 This exercise strengthens the shoulder carcas
hAn3Reh2rJu-00004-00003060-00003436 in order to receive and catch the bar safely onto straight arms in the snatch.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00005-00003560-00003900 Also it can be used to get over the fear of new unknown weight.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00006-00003958-00004276 If for example you were to do a Snatch push press jerk + overhead squat,
hAn3Reh2rJu-00007-00004324-00004700 your body will become familiar with the weight's nuances.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00008-00004764-00004964 Here is how its done:
hAn3Reh2rJu-00009-00005058-00005392 1. Place the bar behind you while holding it in a snatch grip.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00010-00005490-00005940 2. Try to relax the arms in order to fill the weight push  into the ground through the whole foot.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00011-00006016-00006304 3. Perform a dip 1/4 of a full squat.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00012-00006384-00006931 Do not let your hips and knees fall forward. You must keep them back as if sitting onto a stool.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00013-00006992-00007280 Hips back, full foot, knees out.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00014-00007376-00008020 4. At the lowest point of the dip, stop and quickly explode up, while having a loose grip.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00015-00008080-00008878 5. Once the bar is at its highest point, flex your arms and shoulder and lock the bar in that position. AVOID dipping under the bar to catch it.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00016-00008878-00009308 if the bar did not fly high enough, then simply catch it and press it up till full lockout.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00017-00009350-00010202 Recommendations: up to 70% 4 reps, 3-4 sets. this is for strengthening the lockout mechanism.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00018-00010264-00011286 anything over 100% + overhead squat will work toward conquering the fear of new weight.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00019-00011312-00011512 Thank you for watching my video, I hope it was helpful, Like, share, subscribe, comment.
hAn3Reh2rJu-00020-00011546-00011782 In good health, Alexey Semiletov.
hBe5omKLOdA-00000-00002234-00002402 Hi and welcome back again
hBe5omKLOdA-00001-00002508-00003018 Perhaps prompted by the barber’s story in the previous chapter, DQ wants to know what
hBe5omKLOdA-00002-00003018-00003561 people are saying about him, specifically, the masses, “the commoners,” the low nobility,
hBe5omKLOdA-00003-00003561-00003983 “the hidalgos,” and the high nobility, “the gentlemen,” i.e., the caballeros.
hBe5omKLOdA-00004-00003983-00004636 He also recalls the earlier theme of princely advice and mocks the corruption and flattery
hBe5omKLOdA-00005-00004636-00005201 practiced by the political class: “I want you to know, Sancho, that if the naked truth,
hBe5omKLOdA-00006-00005201-00005808 unclothed by flattery, were to reach the ears of princes, the times would be different,
hBe5omKLOdA-00007-00005808-00006355 other ages would be considered iron when compared to our own, which I have heard is considered
hBe5omKLOdA-00008-00006355-00006615 golden among present nations.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00009-00006615-00006845 Notice how complex this is.
hBe5omKLOdA-00010-00006845-00007478 DQ recognizes that, compared to life in other countries, Spaniards are living a golden age,
hBe5omKLOdA-00011-00007478-00007968 but he still insists that it is more corrupt than it should be.
hBe5omKLOdA-00012-00007968-00008239 SP is brutally honest.
hBe5omKLOdA-00013-00008239-00008761 Commoners believe that DQ is simply insane, “a great madman”; the hidalgos think he
hBe5omKLOdA-00014-00008761-00009311 has gone too far by calling himself “don,” or “Sir,” when all he owns are “four
hBe5omKLOdA-00015-00009311-00009974 vine stumps and a couple of fields”; and the high gentry is offended that the low gentry
hBe5omKLOdA-00016-00009974-00010543 dares to compete with them, especially since DQ is one of those who “polish their shoes
hBe5omKLOdA-00017-00010543-00011100 with soot” and “mend their black stockings with green thread.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00018-00011100-00011667 Notice how, like the beginning of part one, part two opens with detailed information about
hBe5omKLOdA-00019-00011667-00012038 how both hidalgo and squire are dirt poor.
hBe5omKLOdA-00020-00012038-00012710 Finally, SP reports that many people question DQ’s character, calling him “crazy, but
hBe5omKLOdA-00021-00012710-00013241 amusing,” “brave, but unfortunate,” and “courteous, but impertinent.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00022-00014569-00015219 DQ either ignores or dismisses these criticisms and points out that slander has attended all
hBe5omKLOdA-00023-00015226-00015905 great heroes: Julius Cesar was called overly ambitious, Alexander the Great a drunk, Hercules
hBe5omKLOdA-00024-00015905-00016695 self-indulgent, Don Galaor too quarrelsome, and his brother Amadís of Gaul a crybaby.
hBe5omKLOdA-00025-00016695-00017284 But when the knight asks the squire if there is anything else, the exposition of part two
hBe5omKLOdA-00026-00017284-00017894 takes a radically absurd turn that once again displays Cervantes’s literary genius.
hBe5omKLOdA-00027-00017894-00018490 Cervantes is not just the inventor of the modern novel; he is the inventor of the modernist
hBe5omKLOdA-00028-00018490-00018590 novel.
hBe5omKLOdA-00029-00018590-00019224 Incredibly, SP reports that his neighbor Sansón Carrasco, who has just returned from his first
hBe5omKLOdA-00030-00019224-00019852 year at the University of Salamanca, is currently reading a book about their adventures “called
hBe5omKLOdA-00031-00019852-00020179 The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quijote of La Mancha.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00032-00020179-00020345 Wow!
hBe5omKLOdA-00033-00020345-00020884 Not only is the month between parts one and two not enough time for such a book to have
hBe5omKLOdA-00034-00020884-00021525 been composed and published, SP is shocked because the author describes “things that
hBe5omKLOdA-00035-00021525-00022186 happened when we were alone, which made me cross myself out of fear about how the historian
hBe5omKLOdA-00036-00022186-00022400 who wrote them could have known about them.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00037-00024764-00025410 This hint of existentialist trauma is mitigated by a comedic discussion between knight and
hBe5omKLOdA-00038-00025410-00025783 squire about the identity of the author of their story.
hBe5omKLOdA-00039-00025783-00026369 DQ affirms that he must be a “wise enchanter,” as per the narrators of the books of chivalry,
hBe5omKLOdA-00040-00026369-00027177 and SP reports that his name is “Cide Hamete Berenjena,” confusing the surname “Benengeli”
hBe5omKLOdA-00041-00027177-00027431 with the Spanish word for “eggplant.”
hBe5omKLOdA-00042-00027431-00028080 DQ notes that this name is Moorish and that “Cide” means “Lord” in Arabic, but
hBe5omKLOdA-00043-00028080-00028649 when SP agrees because “the Moors are fond of eggplants,” the knight doubts that the
hBe5omKLOdA-00044-00028649-00028991 squire is correct about the surname.
hBe5omKLOdA-00045-00028991-00029280 Notice how Cervantes makes fun of racism here.
hBe5omKLOdA-00046-00029280-00029902 At this point, SP rushes off to get the bachelor Carrasco who will tell DQ more.
hBe5omKLOdA-00047-00029976-00030400 That´s all for now, we´ll see each other again in the next video.
hCGvbuBdGJg-00000-00000003-00000225 can you share with me your secret to good parenting
hCGvbuBdGJg-00001-00000345-00000747 um I would say you just have to wing it my sisters and I are on a group chat always
hCGvbuBdGJg-00002-00000747-00001149 getting parenting advice uh but they don't get advice from me can I get on that chat and please
hGg3y1ggtKg-00000-00000000-00000200 ប្រជុំក្រុមត្រៀមទៅរំដោះ IDOL ENO ចេញពីល្អាង
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00000-00000155-00000304 In this video we're going to talk about
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00001-00000304-00000616 absolute value equations.  Whenever we
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00002-00000616-00001002 solve equations involving absolute value it's very important that we remember
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00003-00001002-00001192 what absolute value means
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00004-00001192-00001505 absolute value refers to the distance
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00005-00001505-00002034 from zero; you can probably tell me what the absolute value of 2 is.   The absolute
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00006-00002034-00002130 value of 2
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00007-00002130-00002468 is 2. Why? Because 2 is exactly
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00008-00002468-00002850 two units from zero I have no doubt you can also tell me
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00009-00002850-00003254 that the absolute value -2 is 2 for exactly the same reason
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00010-00003254-00003954 -2 is two units from zero, but let's look at an algebra problem. What does the
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00011-00003973-00004094 absolute value of
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00012-00004094-00004446 x equals 2 mean?  The absolute value of
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00013-00004446-00004875 x equals 2 again means that whatever number 'x'  is,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00014-00004875-00005500 its exactly two units from zero so to solve this equation is simply
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00015-00005500-00005869 to think about which numbers fit this description
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00016-00005869-00006389 if we look at the number line we just need to find which numbers are
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00017-00006389-00006814 two units from zero.  There are two ways you can do that on the number line:
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00018-00006814-00007298 you could move two units to the right of 0, which would place me at
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00019-00007298-00007653 2, or you could move two units to the left of 0
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00020-00007653-00008004 which would place me at -2...so there are two
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00021-00008004-00008536 solutions to this equation: both -2 and 2 fit the description
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00022-00008536-00008874 they're both exactly two units from zero
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00023-00008874-00009250 so the solution to absolute value of x equals 2 has
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00024-00009250-00009552 two answers: -2 and 2
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00025-00009552-00009911 let's take a look at a few more examples: okay
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00026-00009911-00010290 so the first example we're going to look at
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00027-00010290-00010990 the absolute value of  'x + 1' = 6.   So what we have here is some number
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00028-00011104-00011479 'x + 1' represents a number and the equation is telling me
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00029-00011479-00011886 its exactly 6 units from 0.  This only lends
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00030-00011886-00012275 to two possibilities:  'x + 1' might be six units to the left of 0,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00031-00012275-00012600 or 'x + 1' might be 6 units to the right of 0,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00032-00012600-00013075 so I have to solve two equations:  I have to consider
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00033-00013075-00013420 that 'x + 1' might be -6 or
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00034-00013420-00013744 'x + 1'  might also be 6
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00035-00013744-00014048 there are two different places we can be
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00036-00014048-00014450 if we're six units from 0.  So now I just have to solve both of these
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00037-00014450-00014802 equations for 'x' to get my solution set.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00038-00014802-00015144 here, if I subtract 1 from both sides, I get  x = -7
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00039-00015144-00015534 and here if I subtract 1 from both sides
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00040-00015534-00015873 I get  x = 5.  So my solution set is:
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00041-00015873-00016406 -7  and 5.   Now be careful that doesn't mean
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00042-00016406-00016731 that these are the two numbers that are 6 units from zero
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00043-00016731-00017142 because obviously we know that's not true, but remember when
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00044-00017142-00017445 we're solving an equation we're trying to find the values of 'x' that make
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00045-00017445-00017801 this statement true.  If you take -7
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00046-00017801-00018162 and replace 'x'  we get '-7 +1'
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00047-00018162-00018517 which is -6 and the absolute value of -6
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00048-00018517-00018848 is positive 6, so you can see that -7
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00049-00018848-00019151 is a solution to my original equation
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00050-00019151-00019708 and you can likewise check 5 (it works as well)...Lets take a look at another example
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00051-00019708-00020278 let's look at what would happen if
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00052-00020278-00020623 the absolute value of 'x + 1' were -6
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00053-00020623-00021017 now what does that mean?  Remember
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00054-00021017-00021394 absolute value is the distance from 0 so that means
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00055-00021394-00021858 'x + 1' is -6 units away from 0
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00056-00021858-00022198 now think about distance and the way you use  distance in real life
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00057-00022198-00022508 when you tell someone how far you went
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00058-00022508-00022817 or how far you're going to go and we use distance,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00059-00022817-00023126 distance is always given by a positive number
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00060-00023126-00023526 so if this equation is telling me that the distance is  -6
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00061-00023526-00023893 hopefully you have sort of a problem with that; that doesn't make a whole lot
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00062-00023893-00024212 of sense.  So it turns out that this equation
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00063-00024212-00024670 does not have a solution.   Another way
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00064-00024670-00025025 you can think of it is: think about taking some value of 'x' and plugging it in
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00065-00025025-00025334 no matter what number you plug in, once
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00066-00025334-00025663 you take the absolute value,  you're going to end up with something positive
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00067-00025663-00026013 so there's no way that this side of of the equation
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00068-00026013-00026358 can equal  -6, its always going to be positive.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00069-00026358-00026758 so if you're ever comparing an absolute value to a negative number,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00070-00026758-00027066 you don't have to do a lot of math... just think about it. This is
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00071-00027066-00027502 not going to work
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00072-00027502-00027841 Lets look at a third example: lets
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00073-00027841-00028230 try the absolute value of  '2x + 3'
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00074-00028230-00028762 minus 3, equals 6.   Another tip
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00075-00028762-00029132 when you are working with absolute value: we always want to be able to focus on
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00076-00029132-00029244 what's in the absolute value
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00077-00029244-00029866 vs. what's not in the absolute value, so in an equation like this, the first thing you are going to want to
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00078-00029866-00030245 do is add 3 to both sides so one side  of our
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00079-00030245-00030691 equation is strictly an absolute value expression so if I do that
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00080-00030691-00031197 and add 3 to both sides of the equation, the absolute value of '2x + 3'
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00081-00031197-00031585 equals 9.  Now looking at the equation again, we have some
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00082-00031585-00031906 number that is exactly nine units from 0
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00083-00031906-00032219 which means this number might be nine units to the
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00084-00032219-00032545 left of 0 or it might be nine units to the right of 0.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00085-00032545-00032908 so again we have two equations we need to solve:
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00086-00032908-00033272 we have to account for the possibility that
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00087-00033272-00033630 '2x + 3' is -9...or
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00088-00033630-00034209 '2x + 3'  could also be positive 9.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00089-00034209-00034682 then I just solve both of these equations and that will give me my solution set.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00090-00034682-00035010 over here if I subtract 3 from both sides, I get  -12
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00091-00035010-00035425 and then if I divide by 2,  I get my first solution
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00092-00035425-00035728 which is  -6,  and if I follow the
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00093-00035728-00036197 same steps here,  I subtract 3 and that gives me 6.  Then I divide and get
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00094-00036197-00036605 the other solution which is 3.  So the solution set
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00095-00036605-00037035 for this equation is -6 and 3.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00096-00037035-00037735 Let's try one more;
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00097-00038372-00038738 2 times the absolute value of  '4x - 2'
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00098-00038738-00039097 plus 4 equals 12
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00099-00039097-00039760 this is similar to the last example, there is an absolute value in this equation but we also have
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00100-00039760-00039884 some other stuff going on
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00101-00039884-00040205 that we need to take care of first.  So the first thing I'm going to do
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00102-00040205-00040562 is subtract 4 from both sides, so that way I don't have
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00103-00040562-00040883 this extra term here,  so if I subtract 4
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00104-00040883-00041292 from both sides, I get  2 times my absolute value equals 8.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00105-00041292-00041609 I also would like to get rid of this factor of
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00106-00041609-00042051 2, and I can do that by simply dividing both sides of the equation by 2.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00107-00042051-00042433 If I divide both sides of this equation by 2, I get 4.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00108-00042433-00042804 Now again I have some number
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00109-00042804-00043161 whose distance from 0 is 4.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00110-00043161-00043574 which means, my number might be  -4...or,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00111-00043574-00044157 my number might be positive 4.  I solve these two
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00112-00044157-00044481 equations and that will give me my solution set.  Here, if I add 2 to
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00113-00044481-00044867 both sides, I get  -2.  So if I divide, I get
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00114-00044867-00045231 -2/4,  always simplify your answer!
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00115-00045231-00045558 in simplest form, that would be negative 1/2.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00116-00045558-00045934 so that's one solution.  And then over here
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00117-00045934-00046314 if I add 2 to both sides, I get 6.  If I divide,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00118-00046314-00046662 I get 6/4,  which can also be simplified.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00119-00046662-00047137 So my other solution is 3/2.   So, my solution set
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00120-00047137-00047837 here is  -1/2  and  3/2.   Okay,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00121-00047837-00048037 so now I'm going to give you a couple of examples
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00122-00048115-00048444 I'd like you to try on your own. I'm going to tell you in a second
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00123-00048444-00048884 to pause the video, work the two examples, once you think you have them both solved,
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00124-00048884-00049191 hit play and I will reveal
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00125-00049191-00049577 the solutions.  The first equation I
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00126-00049577-00050141 would like you to solve is:  the absolute value of  'x - 7' equals 3.
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00127-00050141-00050498 and the second equation I would like you to solve
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00128-00050498-00050836 is 3 times the absolute value of '3x + 2'
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00129-00050836-00051238 equals 12.  So go ahead and
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00130-00051238-00051544 hit pause, work these problems out, and when you
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00131-00051544-00051676 think you've solved them, hit play
hHdDkmZ73fQ-00132-00051676-00051876 and I will show you how you did.
hLDyGsES7d0-00000-00000000-00000104 Please like and subscribe and turn on the notification bell
hLDyGsES7d0-00001-00000104-00000536 in today's video i've got a 1963 uk one shilling coin
hLDyGsES7d0-00002-00000752-00000911 minted in the united kingdom
hLDyGsES7d0-00003-00001344-00001592 with a reeded edge
hLDyGsES7d0-00004-00001823-00002048 composition is nickel
hLDyGsES7d0-00005-00002264-00002984 with the queen's head on the obverse
hLDyGsES7d0-00006-00003888-00004600 and thanks for watching my video and please don't forget to subscribe it i would appreciate it
hNswsoGFC1g-00000-00000008-00000528 in a poll that i recently conducted i found that 90 of people once they've stopped drinking
hNswsoGFC1g-00001-00000528-00001080 feel less stressed throughout their day and feel less depressed and we also found that
hNswsoGFC1g-00002-00001080-00001816 people after stopping drinking became more ambitious in their lives 93 percent of people
hNswsoGFC1g-00003-00001816-00002296 when they wake up in the morning they feel more refreshed to take on the day and the
hNswsoGFC1g-00004-00002296-00002888 final one is that a hundred percent of the people polled claimed that they became more
hNswsoGFC1g-00005-00002888-00003560 disciplined in their lives once they quit using alcohol isn't that great if you have
hNswsoGFC1g-00006-00003560-00004096 anything you can add to the list how your life changed once you stop using alcohol
hNswsoGFC1g-00007-00004096-00004472 leave it in the comments below thank you very much i'll see you next time
hOpCbVgrI4c-00000-00000021-00000476 Would you like some suggestions on how to get every student to love K-6 mathematics?
hOpCbVgrI4c-00001-00000476-00000851 G'day, I'm Dr Peter Price of Professor Pete's Classroom.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00002-00000851-00001301 Welcome to this fourth video in the series of four, so it's the final video in this series
hOpCbVgrI4c-00003-00001301-00001763 on successful math teaching for grades K-6.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00004-00001763-00002291 So these are six suggestions from me on how to get every student in your class to love
hOpCbVgrI4c-00005-00002291-00002733 mathematics and of course the goal here is that when they love mathematics they'll do
hOpCbVgrI4c-00006-00002733-00003164 better at it, they'll be more motivated, they'll get better results and everybody will achieve
hOpCbVgrI4c-00007-00003164-00003295 more success.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00008-00003295-00003682 The first one is to "fall in love with math yourself".
hOpCbVgrI4c-00009-00003682-00004110 Now if you're like me you already love math, well you can take that box and move on to
hOpCbVgrI4c-00010-00004110-00004630 the next suggestion but if it's not your favorite subject or it's not a subject that you really
hOpCbVgrI4c-00011-00004630-00005152 liked or in fact if you dislike it, let me encourage you to find ways to like it, find
hOpCbVgrI4c-00012-00005152-00005753 ways to love it, find ways to appreciate the value, the beauty, the structure, whatever
hOpCbVgrI4c-00013-00005753-00006500 it is that works for you but, we know that enthusiasm for a subject is contagious and
hOpCbVgrI4c-00014-00006500-00006940 when a teacher loves the subject whatever your favorite subject is you know the effect.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00015-00006940-00007364 The students have appreciate the fact that you like it you can see the importance so
hOpCbVgrI4c-00016-00007364-00007775 I think that is really really important.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00017-00007775-00008275 The second suggestion is simply "scaffold everything" now I've been talking about that
hOpCbVgrI4c-00018-00008275-00008443 in the previous videos.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00019-00008443-00008862 I recommend that you use illustrations, and pictures, and diagrams, and videos and all
hOpCbVgrI4c-00020-00008862-00008965 those sort of things.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00021-00008965-00009439 To help the students understand what symbols mean, I'm suggesting that you just used as
hOpCbVgrI4c-00022-00009439-00009702 much scaffolding as is needed.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00023-00009702-00010318 So some adults have the view that you know, when you're beyond a certain age you don't
hOpCbVgrI4c-00024-00010318-00010781 need counters and blocks for example, I would say if you need the blocks to help you understand
hOpCbVgrI4c-00025-00010781-00011113 what the symbols mean then use the blocks. It doesn't matter you're not going to get
hOpCbVgrI4c-00026-00011113-00011306 stuck using box forever.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00027-00011306-00011820 But if it's scaffolds and helps you understand decimal fractions or large numbers or something
hOpCbVgrI4c-00028-00011820-00012143 like that then you know let's use that.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00029-00012143-00012586 The third suggestion "make it easy to follow" again I've mentioned this in an earlier video
hOpCbVgrI4c-00030-00012586-00013291 the fact that mathematics learning builds on previous learning and there's always previous
hOpCbVgrI4c-00031-00013291-00013602 pre requisite knowledge that students need.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00032-00013602-00014047 We need to make sure we're going back and catching the students up if necessary to make
hOpCbVgrI4c-00033-00014047-00014402 it as easy to follow as possible.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00034-00014402-00014769 Fourthly "structure lessons so that you can help the strugglers".
hOpCbVgrI4c-00035-00014769-00015249 Now I'm talking to myself as much as anybody, I've taught lessons to an entire class before
hOpCbVgrI4c-00036-00015249-00015686 and thought well I've got to move on we're falling behind in the textbook the curriculum
hOpCbVgrI4c-00037-00015686-00016341 is all these other topics we have to cover and so on, and we all face those time pressures.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00038-00016341-00017004 But if possible at every opportunity and that's the best I can do in my classroom is find
hOpCbVgrI4c-00039-00017004-00017691 ways to help the strugglers and the best strategy I've ever come across that I found some success
hOpCbVgrI4c-00040-00017691-00018258 with is to give an exercise for the majority of the class alright, here's some practice
hOpCbVgrI4c-00041-00018258-00018857 exercise here's you know, 10 or 15 or 20 questions on the whiteboard, and those that would like
hOpCbVgrI4c-00042-00018857-00019299 extra help come with me to the whiteboard in the old days used to be a chalkboard and
hOpCbVgrI4c-00043-00019299-00019798 I'll help you basically one-on-one with individuals and help them work through a problem.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00044-00019798-00020208 I found students really like that and oftentimes they find they actually didn't know how to
hOpCbVgrI4c-00045-00020208-00020532 do it they just like the confidence to get through.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00046-00020532-00020954 So whatever works for you but there needs to be some sort of structure in place.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00047-00020954-00021540 Fifthly, "get parents to help" not hinder the students in their learning of mathematics.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00048-00021540-00022055 I believe that parents are basically on your site most of them, we know there are difficult
hOpCbVgrI4c-00049-00022055-00022570 parents of course there are, but if you can get parents to help and deliberately set about
hOpCbVgrI4c-00050-00022570-00023167 to help them understand how you approach the teaching of mathematics they may never have
hOpCbVgrI4c-00051-00023167-00023678 learned mathematics, chances are they did not learn mathematics the way you teach it.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00052-00023678-00024099 They didn't know that you were supposed to understand it, they didn't know it's supposed
hOpCbVgrI4c-00053-00024099-00024510 to be connected to real life at every turn and that sort of thing.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00054-00024510-00025091 So if you can generate support from home I think that's got a powerful effect on the
hOpCbVgrI4c-00055-00025091-00025392 learning of their children -your students.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00056-00025392-00026244 And sixthly, basically "set the goal of success for every student as a non-negotiable"
hOpCbVgrI4c-00057-00026244-00026375 in your classroom.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00058-00026375-00026898 So if you set that as a priority for yourself make sure the students know, make sure that
hOpCbVgrI4c-00059-00026898-00027402 the parents know, the teacher's aides know that you have decided that every child should
hOpCbVgrI4c-00060-00027402-00028041 achieve success if possible then that gives the goal for everybody to aim it, lets everybody
hOpCbVgrI4c-00061-00028041-00028427 know that they're on the same page and you let students know you're not prepared to let
hOpCbVgrI4c-00062-00028427-00029041 them fall behind you're not going to leave them by the wayside not understanding things.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00063-00029041-00029530 So that's it six suggestions to get every student in your class to love mathematics
hOpCbVgrI4c-00064-00029530-00029731 and I wish you every success with that.
hOpCbVgrI4c-00065-00029731-00030356 I invite you to come to our website: profpete.com where we have thousands of resources + interactive
hOpCbVgrI4c-00066-00030356-00031078 software that really are examples of the approach that I've been talking about on these videos,
hOpCbVgrI4c-00067-00031078-00031559 they help students to make connections they help to illustrate the concepts. Every single
hOpCbVgrI4c-00068-00031559-00032037 resource we have on our website is built from the ground up by ourselves with that goal
hOpCbVgrI4c-00069-00032037-00032743 in mind of helping every student to understand mathematics that's why we use the slogan "every
hOpCbVgrI4c-00070-00032743-00033181 child can succeed in K-6 mathematics".
hOpCbVgrI4c-00071-00033181-00033686 So go to our website and see what we've got on offer, see if a membership is right for
hOpCbVgrI4c-00072-00033686-00034142 you but, that's it for this video look forward to talking to you again very soon, but for
hOpCbVgrI4c-00073-00034142-00034234 now it's bye from me.
hOsCh9Q__TY-00000-00000056-00000552 This video will demonstrate how to use the Alerts feature in PubMed to keep up to date on
hOsCh9Q__TY-00001-00000552-00001224 articles on topics of interest to you. From the WRHA  Virtual Library homepage go to Resources and then
hOsCh9Q__TY-00002-00001224-00001680 Collection. You will find PubMed in the Best Bet section on the left hand side
hOsCh9Q__TY-00003-00001680-00002152 corner of your screen. You may be required to log in with your WRHA virtual library login.
hOsCh9Q__TY-00004-00002224-00002752 Once you have reached PubMed use the search bar to enter a search on topic of the interest to you.
hOsCh9Q__TY-00005-00002808-00003360 You can be as specific or as general as you like with your search, but the more specific you are the
hOsCh9Q__TY-00006-00003360-00003856 more likely it is that you will receive results of interest to you. Once you are satisfied with your
hOsCh9Q__TY-00007-00003856-00004512 search string click on "Create alert" underneath the search bar. You will then need to log into an
hOsCh9Q__TY-00008-00004512-00004960 MyNCBI account. There are several different login options available to you;
hOsCh9Q__TY-00009-00004960-00005576 pick the one most appropriate to you. Once you have signed in you will see a number of options
hOsCh9Q__TY-00010-00005576-00006056 that you can select to decide how the search will be received: you can change the name of the search,
hOsCh9Q__TY-00011-00006112-00006576 you can decide whether you want to email updates and how often they should arrive, when and in what
hOsCh9Q__TY-00012-00006576-00007264 format. Once you are satisfied with your selections click on Save. You will then receive regular email
hOsCh9Q__TY-00013-00007264-00007784 updates with results from that search. If at any time you want to change or cancel these email
hOsCh9Q__TY-00014-00007784-00008408 updates go to your user account and your dashboard. From there you can locate the search that you have
hOsCh9Q__TY-00015-00008408-00008992 saved. Here's the search that I just saved on diabetes and hypertension. Click on the gear icon
hOsCh9Q__TY-00016-00008992-00009672 in order to edit or delete the search. This feature is available in several other databases as well.
hOsCh9Q__TY-00017-00009672-00010216 If you need help or would like to learn more please contact the WRHA virtual library
hOwMpNqW274-00000-00000180-00000786 The turkey vulture is easy to identify by its red head that contrasts with its black plumage.
hOwMpNqW274-00001-00000786-00001350 A sort of natural garbageman, the vulture is always on the lookout for bird or mammal carcasses.
hOwMpNqW274-00002-00001350-00001684 The turkey vulture is one of the very rare birds with a sense of smell
hOwMpNqW274-00003-00001684-00002054 that allows it to detect a carcass from more than a kilometer away.
hOwMpNqW274-00004-00002054-00002770 With its large wingspan, it can soar for hours without flapping its wings using thermals columns in the air.
hOcrxxRunGI-00000-00000054-00000455 A lot of people believe you must never cross a continuous centre line.
hOcrxxRunGI-00001-00000463-00000615 But that's not the rule.
hOcrxxRunGI-00002-00000680-00001011 You certainly can't overtake when there's a continuous centre line
hOcrxxRunGI-00003-00001023-00001150 [wrong] beep
hOcrxxRunGI-00004-00001385-00001661 and you can't do a U-turn across one.
hOcrxxRunGI-00005-00001676-00001797 [wrong] beep
hOcrxxRunGI-00006-00001948-00002419 But you are allowed to cross a continuous centre line if you are entering a road
hOcrxxRunGI-00007-00002572-00002747 or leaving a road.
hOcrxxRunGI-00008-00003026-00003286 Even if there's a broken line on the other side,
hOcrxxRunGI-00009-00003297-00003707 you're still permitted to cross the continuous centre line if you are entering
hOcrxxRunGI-00010-00003768-00003958 or leaving a road.
hOcrxxRunGI-00011-00004189-00004618 But remember, if there's a double continuous centre line, you're not permitted
hOcrxxRunGI-00012-00004620-00004670 [wrong] beep
hOcrxxRunGI-00013-00004680-00004804 to cross it at all.
hOcrxxRunGI-00014-00004927-00005236 Similar rules apply to painted traffic islands.
hOcrxxRunGI-00015-00005238-00005521 If the island's surrounded by one continuous line,
hOcrxxRunGI-00016-00005530-00005799 you can drive on or over it for up to 50 metres
hOcrxxRunGI-00017-00005804-00005854 [correct] ding
hOcrxxRunGI-00018-00005865-00006103 in order to enter or leave the road,
hOcrxxRunGI-00019-00006200-00006620 or to enter a turning lane that begins immediately after the island.
hOcrxxRunGI-00020-00006898-00007204 But if the island's surrounded by double continuous lines,
hOcrxxRunGI-00021-00007211-00007261 [wrong] beep
hOcrxxRunGI-00022-00007311-00007667 or if it separates traffic flowing in the same direction,
hOcrxxRunGI-00023-00007679-00007897 like where an onramp merges on to a motorway,
hOcrxxRunGI-00024-00007903-00007953 [wrong] beep
hOcrxxRunGI-00025-00007959-00008380 you must stay off it, unless you need to avoid an obstruction.
hOcrxxRunGI-00026-00008412-00008706 Doing it the right way is easy when you know how.
hOcrxxRunGI-00027-00008752-00009040 [Queensland Government logo]
hSLrJSpUpXQ-00000-00000000-00000553 It turns out it was a time machine.
hSLrJSpUpXQ-00001-00000553-00002653 Hello friends! Yesterday Katya and I began to think about Ways to Return Turboray! For now didn't come up with anything. But in the evening Turboray us sent a couple of photos. He´s phone didn't break when teleporting. When we took a look in the Photos, our heart almost jumped out. look!
hSLrJSpUpXQ-00002-00003769-00006764 In the first three Pictures, it is clear that Turboray got into the Past and that Volt and Flame put him back in Prison to create two armors known to us. At the expense of the fourth picture, we definitely did not know what this Place was, so we asked the Father of all Admins. He almost hit his head from shock. He told us that this is PK XD when   was the 1000 year old Battle with Glitch. Speaking of Glitch. Today swept again an unknown flying Object, as in this Video. In that UFO The Door opened, Gluck entered there and teleported somewhere. Some sort of mystic.
hSLrJSpUpXQ-00003-00007317-00008256 Something tells me that Turboray's Invention was a Time Machine. And also that some kind of temporary Catastrophe will begin soon. What is your Opinion? Write in the Comments! Bye everyone!
hTlqOyXyD2u-00000-00000144-00000426 [Music] foreign
hTlqOyXyD2u-00001-00000734-00000834 [Music]
hTlqOyXyD2u-00002-00000834-00001368 the international criminal court said Friday that it has issued an arrest warrant for Russian
hTlqOyXyD2u-00003-00001368-00001998 President Vladimir Putin for war crimes accusing him of personal responsibility for the abductions
hTlqOyXyD2u-00004-00001998-00002700 of children from Ukraine it was the first time the global court has issued a warrant against a leader
hTlqOyXyD2u-00005-00002700-00003432 of one of the five permanent members of the U.N security Council the ICC said in a statement that
hTlqOyXyD2u-00006-00003432-00004074 Putin is allegedly responsible for the war crime of unlawful deportation of children and that of
hTlqOyXyD2u-00007-00004074-00004650 unlawful transfer of children from occupied areas of Ukraine to the Russian Federation
hTlqOyXyD2u-00008-00004770-00005388 the move was immediately dismissed by Moscow and welcomed by Ukraine as a major breakthrough
hTlqOyXyD2u-00009-00005502-00006120 its practical implications however could be limited as the chances of Putin facing trial
hTlqOyXyD2u-00010-00006120-00006780 at the ICC are highly unlikely because Moscow does not recognize the Court's Jurisdiction or
hTlqOyXyD2u-00011-00006780-00007452 extradite its Nationals but the moral condemnation will likely stain the Russian leader for the rest
hTlqOyXyD2u-00012-00007452-00007931 of his life and in the more immediate future whenever he seeks to attend an international
hTlqOyXyD2u-00013-00007931-00008976 Summit in a nation bound to arrest him so Putin might go to China Syria Iran his few allies but
hTlqOyXyD2u-00014-00008976-00009492 he just won't travel to the rest of the world and won't travel to ICC member states who he
hTlqOyXyD2u-00015-00009492-00010230 believes would arrest him said a dil Ahmad hack an expert in international law and armed conflict at
hTlqOyXyD2u-00016-00010230-00011052 Rutgers University others agreed Vladimir Putin will forever be marked as a pariah globally
hTlqOyXyD2u-00017-00011154-00011814 he has lost all his political credibility around the world any world leader who stands
hTlqOyXyD2u-00018-00011814-00012540 by him will be shamed as well David crane a former International prosecutor told the Associated Press
hTlqOyXyD2u-00019-00012666-00013247 the court also issued a warrant for the arrest of Mariel Volvo belova the commissioner for
hTlqOyXyD2u-00020-00013247-00013902 children's rights in the Office of the President of the Russian Federation the AP reported on
hTlqOyXyD2u-00021-00013902-00014447 her involvement in the Abduction of Ukrainian orphans in October in the first investigation
hTlqOyXyD2u-00022-00014447-00015047 to follow the process all the way to Russia relying on dozens of interviews and documents
hTlqOyXyD2u-00023-00015144-00015828 ICC president Peter hofmansky said in a video statement that while the icc's judges have issued
hTlqOyXyD2u-00024-00015828-00016488 the warrants it will be up to the International Community to enforce them the court has no police
hTlqOyXyD2u-00025-00016488-00017274 force of its own to do so the ICC can impose a maximum sentence of life imprisonment when
hTlqOyXyD2u-00026-00017274-00017886 justified by the extreme gravity of the crime according to its founding treaty the Rome statute
hTlqOyXyD2u-00027-00017886-00018462 that established it as a permanent court of last resort to prosecute political leaders and other
hTlqOyXyD2u-00028-00018462-00019188 key perpetrators of the world's worst atrocities war crimes crimes against humanity and genocide
hTlqOyXyD2u-00029-00019314-00020040 still the chances of Putin or lavova Bulova facing trial remain extremely remote As Moscow
hTlqOyXyD2u-00030-00020040-00020580 does not recognize the Court's Jurisdiction a position it vehemently reaffirmed Friday
hTlqOyXyD2u-00031-00020700-00021276 Kremlin spokesman Dimitri peskov said Russia doesn't recognize the ICC and
hTlqOyXyD2u-00032-00021276-00021984 considers its decisions legally void he called the Court's move outrageous and unacceptable
hTlqOyXyD2u-00033-00022098-00022644 peskov refused to comment when asked if Putin would avoid making trips to countries where he
hTlqOyXyD2u-00034-00022644-00023436 could be arrested on the icc's warrant Ukraine's human rights Chief dimitro lebanitz has said that
hTlqOyXyD2u-00035-00023436-00023946 Based on data from the country's National information Bureau sixteen thousand two
hTlqOyXyD2u-00036-00023946-00024624 hundred and twenty six children were deported Ukraine has managed to bring back 308 children
hTlqOyXyD2u-00037-00024732-00025332 lavova Bulova who was also implicated in the warrants reacted with dripping sarcasm
hTlqOyXyD2u-00038-00025422-00025944 it is great that the International Community has appreciated the work to help the children of our
hTlqOyXyD2u-00039-00025944-00026556 country that we do not leave them in war zones that we take them out we create good conditions
hTlqOyXyD2u-00040-00026556-00027239 for them that we surround them with loving caring people she said Ukrainian officials
hTlqOyXyD2u-00041-00027239-00027845 were jubilant at the move in his nightly address to the nation Ukrainian president
hTlqOyXyD2u-00042-00027845-00028494 philodamir zielinski called it a historic decision from which historic responsibility will begin
hTlqOyXyD2u-00043-00028632-00029339 serdi kaslitzia Ukraine's U.N Ambassador recalled that on the night of Russia's Invasion I said at
hTlqOyXyD2u-00044-00029339-00029795 the security council meeting that there is no Purgatory for war criminals they
hTlqOyXyD2u-00045-00029795-00030438 go straight to hell today I would like to say that those of them who will remain alive after
hTlqOyXyD2u-00046-00030438-00030906 the military defeat of Russia will have to make a stop in The Hague on their way to hell
hTlqOyXyD2u-00047-00031008-00031698 in Washington President Joe Biden called the icc's decision Justified telling reporters
hTlqOyXyD2u-00048-00031698-00032238 as he left the White House for his Delaware home that Putin clearly committed war crimes
hTlqOyXyD2u-00049-00032333-00032874 while the U.S does not recognize the court either Biden said it makes a
hTlqOyXyD2u-00050-00032874-00033348 very strong point to call out the Russian Leader's actions in ordering the invasion
hTlqOyXyD2u-00051-00033438-00034074 Olga La patina a Ukrainian mother who struggled for months to reclaim her foster children who
hTlqOyXyD2u-00052-00034074-00034644 were deported to an institution run by Russian loyalists welcome news of the arrest warrant
hTlqOyXyD2u-00053-00034746-00035430 everyone must be punished for their crimes she said in a message exchange with the AP while
hTlqOyXyD2u-00054-00035430-00036042 Ukraine is also not a member of the global Court it has granted a jurisdiction over its territory
hTlqOyXyD2u-00055-00036042-00036732 and ICC prosecutor Karim Khan has visited for times since opening an investigation a year ago
hTlqOyXyD2u-00056-00036828-00037572 besides Russia and Ukraine the United States and China are not members of the 123-member ICC
hTlqOyXyD2u-00057-00037704-00038268 the ICC said its pre-trial chamber found reasonable grounds that Putin
hTlqOyXyD2u-00058-00038268-00038844 Bears individual criminal responsibility for the child abductions for having committed the
hTlqOyXyD2u-00059-00038844-00039336 acts directly jointly with others and or through others and for failing to
hTlqOyXyD2u-00060-00039336-00039894 exercise control properly over civilian and Military subordinates who committed the acts
hTlqOyXyD2u-00061-00039984-00040656 during a visit this month ICC prosecutor Khan said he went to a Care Home for Children two
hTlqOyXyD2u-00062-00040656-00041388 kilometers just over a mile from front lines in southern Ukraine the drawings pinned on the wall
hTlqOyXyD2u-00063-00041388-00042144 spoke to a context of love and support that was once there he said in a statement but this home
hTlqOyXyD2u-00064-00042144-00042666 was empty a result of alleged deportation of children from Ukraine to the Russian
hTlqOyXyD2u-00065-00042666-00043242 Federation or their unlawful transfer to other parts of the temporarily occupied territories
hTlqOyXyD2u-00066-00043350-00043968 as I noted to the United Nations security Council last September these alleged acts are being
hTlqOyXyD2u-00067-00043968-00044766 investigated by my office as a priority children cannot be treated as The Spoils of War Khan said
hTlqOyXyD2u-00068-00044862-00045468 and while Russia rejected the allegations and warrants others said the ICC action will have
hTlqOyXyD2u-00069-00045468-00046194 an important impact the ICC has made Putin a wanted man taken its first step to end
hTlqOyXyD2u-00070-00046194-00046848 the impunity that has emboldened perpetrators in Russia's war against Ukraine for far too long said
hTlqOyXyD2u-00071-00046848-00047340 balkey's jarrah associate International Justice director at Human Rights Watch
hTlqOyXyD2u-00072-00047448-00048096 the warrants and a clear message that giving orders to commit or tolerating serious crimes
hTlqOyXyD2u-00073-00048096-00048798 against civilians may lead to a prison cell in The Hague crane who indicted Liberian president
hTlqOyXyD2u-00074-00048798-00049482 Charles Taylor 20 years ago for crimes in Sierra Leone said dictators and tyrants around the
hTlqOyXyD2u-00075-00049482-00049998 world are now on notice that Those who commit International crimes will be held accountable
hTlqOyXyD2u-00076-00050100-00050616 Taylor was eventually detained and put on trial at a special Court in the Netherlands
hTlqOyXyD2u-00077-00050718-00051108 he was convicted and sentenced to 50 years imprisonment
hTlqOyXyD2u-00078-00051210-00051917 on Thursday a un-backed inquiry cited Russian attacks against civilians in Ukraine including
hTlqOyXyD2u-00079-00051917-00052476 systematic torture and killing in occupied regions among potential issues that amount
hTlqOyXyD2u-00080-00052476-00053154 to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity the sweeping investigation also
hTlqOyXyD2u-00081-00053154-00053760 found crimes committed against ukrainians on Russian territory including deported Ukrainian
hTlqOyXyD2u-00082-00053760-00054276 children who were prevented from reuniting with their families aha filtration system
hTlqOyXyD2u-00083-00054276-00054894 aimed at singling out ukrainians for detention and torture and inhumane detention conditions
hTlqOyXyD2u-00084-00054996-00055866 on Friday the ICC put the face of Putin on the child abduction allegations underscore underscore
hTlqOyXyD2u-00085-00055866-00056820 underscore cassert reported from Brussels AP writers Hannah arhirova in Kiev Ukraine Ellen
hTlqOyXyD2u-00086-00056820-00057425 nickmeyer in Washington and Sarah l dieb in Beirut contributed [Music] [Applause] [Music]
hURw_YznLvc-00000-00000311-00000593 MCPON RECENTLY TOOK SOME TIME TO APPRECIATE OUR NAVAL HISTORY.
hURw_YznLvc-00001-00000593-00000863 SEAMAN TONY ROSA HAS THE STORY.
hURw_YznLvc-00002-00000863-00001262 MASTER CHIEF PETTY OFFICER OF THE NAVY MIKE STEVENS RECENTLY TOURED THE NAVAL HISTORY
hURw_YznLvc-00003-00001262-00001509 AND HERITAGE COMMAND AT THE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD.
hURw_YznLvc-00004-00001509-00001959 "I BELIEVE THAT IT'S IMPORTANT IF YOU WANT TO KNOW WHERE YOU'RE GONNA GO, OR WHERE YOU
hURw_YznLvc-00005-00001959-00002517 NEED TO GO TO FULLY UNDERSTAND WHERE YOU'VE BEEN AND WHERE YOU ARE AND JUST WALKING THROUGH
hURw_YznLvc-00006-00002517-00003175 THE HALLS OF THE HISTORY COMMAND GIVES YOU A SENSE OF THE HISTORY AND WHERE WE'VE BEEN
hURw_YznLvc-00007-00003175-00003275 AS A NAVY."
hURw_YznLvc-00008-00003275-00003620 DURING THE VISIT MCPON WAS ABLE TO HANDLE PIECES OF HISTORIC NAVAL HERITAGE.
hURw_YznLvc-00009-00003620-00004040 "WELL THEY TOOK ME INTO WHAT THEY CALL THE VAULT AND I GOT A CHANCE TO PUT ON SOME RUBBER
hURw_YznLvc-00010-00004040-00004566 GLOVES AND TO HANDLE SOME OF OUR OLDEST WEAPONS, OUR FIREARMS.
hURw_YznLvc-00011-00004566-00005144 I GOT A CHANCE TO ACTUALLY HOLD A SHOTGUN THAT TEDDY ROOSEVELT GAVE TO ONE OF THE NAVAL
hURw_YznLvc-00012-00005144-00005339 OFFICERS THAT WORKED FOR HIM AT ONE TIME."
hURw_YznLvc-00013-00005339-00005580 FROM DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M SEAMAN TONY ROSA.
hYefbI173XI-00000-00000000-00000306 DIY HAIRSTYLE TUTORIAL HAIR HACKS & TIPS TikTok Compilation
hYefbI173XI-00001-00000333-00000533 Hello, dear Friends!
hYefbI173XI-00002-00064653-00065553 Subscribe and like if you enjoyed it!
hh2PvE38rR0-00000-00000000-00000240 HASSAN ELBAYTAM: Alright, good afternoon, everyone.
hh2PvE38rR0-00001-00000240-00000561 12:45 on the mark, I like to be on time.
hh2PvE38rR0-00002-00000621-00000791 My name is Hassan Elbaytam.
hh2PvE38rR0-00003-00000791-00000951 I'm from Toronto, Canada.
hh2PvE38rR0-00004-00001002-00001341 I have a slide about me, so I'll just use this as a background slide.
hh2PvE38rR0-00005-00001431-00001812 I'm a electrical engineer by training,
hh2PvE38rR0-00006-00001812-00002340 never worked on it because what I learned,
hh2PvE38rR0-00007-00002370-00002690 I ended up going into marketing by mistake.
hh2PvE38rR0-00008-00002691-00002919 I met a friend, someone who led me into digital marketing,
hh2PvE38rR0-00009-00002919-00003344 and six years later, here I am talking about Google Analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00010-00003344-00003782 And I work at Bounteous.
hh2PvE38rR0-00011-00003782-00004127 Bounteous is a co-innovation digital transformation company.
hh2PvE38rR0-00012-00004128-00004547 We help our clients just be more digitally focused.
hh2PvE38rR0-00013-00004563-00004854 We help them build apps and websites and we
hh2PvE38rR0-00014-00004854-00005280 use Drupal for a lot of clients websites.
hh2PvE38rR0-00015-00005391-00005538 So I'm going to start this off with a bit
hh2PvE38rR0-00016-00005538-00005874 of history because it's a fun topic.
hh2PvE38rR0-00017-00005874-00006208 So just Google Analytics as it is,
hh2PvE38rR0-00018-00006208-00006804 it started back in 2005 where it was called urchin backrub.
hh2PvE38rR0-00019-00006804-00007164 A little fun fact, there is a term UTM source,
hh2PvE38rR0-00020-00007164-00007490 UTM medium term to where the traffic sources come online.
hh2PvE38rR0-00021-00007491-00007775 UTM stands for Urgent Tracking Module
hh2PvE38rR0-00022-00007775-00008139 and the term just stuck up until today.
hh2PvE38rR0-00023-00008148-00008463 So Urchin was acquired by Google back in 2005.
hh2PvE38rR0-00024-00008529-00009035 It got rebranded to Google Analytics in 2007, and back then,
hh2PvE38rR0-00025-00009073-00009411 apps weren't so popular, it was still relatively new.
hh2PvE38rR0-00026-00009465-00009789 This is right before or right around the time when Steve Jobs
hh2PvE38rR0-00027-00009789-00010098 got on stage and introduced the concept of mobile apps.
hh2PvE38rR0-00028-00010191-00010705 So Google Analytics kind of like took its time to adapt to apps,
hh2PvE38rR0-00029-00010705-00011349 so it wasn't until 2012 where it launched an SDK to track mobile apps.
hh2PvE38rR0-00030-00011416-00011724 And it was a problem because Google Analytics
hh2PvE38rR0-00031-00011724-00011893 was more focused towards web.
hh2PvE38rR0-00032-00011895-00012222 So web interactions kind of the thought process behind web interactions
hh2PvE38rR0-00033-00012222-00012536 is very different how app interaction would happen.
hh2PvE38rR0-00034-00012537-00012963 So was always this kind of they're not cohesive because it was
hh2PvE38rR0-00035-00012963-00013188 a different SDK and a different kind of tracking model,
hh2PvE38rR0-00036-00013188-00013602 they ended up splitting up becoming Firebase Analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00037-00013622-00014040 So Apps was Firebase Analytics, Web was Universal Analytics,
hh2PvE38rR0-00038-00014040-00014334 they both were under the Google Analytics run,
hh2PvE38rR0-00039-00014334-00014694 but if someone had a website on an app,
hh2PvE38rR0-00040-00014747-00014904 they track in two different places.
hh2PvE38rR0-00041-00015027-00015416 Back then also, there was the Cambridge Analytica.
hh2PvE38rR0-00042-00015416-00015638 That kind of news broke out and then a lot of
hh2PvE38rR0-00043-00015641-00015878 issues with data privacy started coming out.
hh2PvE38rR0-00044-00015878-00016491 And then, the EU kind of dropped the GDPR thing and concept
hh2PvE38rR0-00045-00016491-00016752 and kind of ruined the dreams of the perfect marketing
hh2PvE38rR0-00046-00016752-00017046 world where we can collect all information on everyone
hh2PvE38rR0-00047-00017046-00017355 and know what your grandmother likes to have for lunch.
hh2PvE38rR0-00048-00017463-00017790 Yeah, that's not true, but we can.
hh2PvE38rR0-00049-00017790-00018234 So GDPR got accepted back in 2016,
hh2PvE38rR0-00050-00018252-00018459 and that posed a problem for Universal
hh2PvE38rR0-00051-00018459-00018858 Analytics because it utilized a lot of third-party cookies,
hh2PvE38rR0-00052-00018858-00019296 so companies weren't ready to kind of adopt this just on set.
hh2PvE38rR0-00053-00019296-00019569 So it was a process to get to a place.
hh2PvE38rR0-00054-00019611-00019896 The solution back then by Google Analytics was kind of
hh2PvE38rR0-00055-00019896-00020337 rebranding Firebase into Google Analytics for apps.
hh2PvE38rR0-00056-00020358-00020775 Basically, they did nothing other than change the name and it works.
hh2PvE38rR0-00057-00020868-00021378 Fun fact, even at 20 something is when I went in the field and started
hh2PvE38rR0-00058-00021378-00021624 learning more about Google Analytics and understanding how it works.
hh2PvE38rR0-00059-00021648-00022083 So what we didn't know back then was Google in the background
hh2PvE38rR0-00060-00022083-00022485 was developing this new thing called web and app tracking.
hh2PvE38rR0-00061-00022518-00022645 We didn't know what it was.
hh2PvE38rR0-00062-00022647-00022857 It wasn't available for public,
hh2PvE38rR0-00063-00022863-00023370 but at the time a safari came up with the ITP 2.0,
hh2PvE38rR0-00064-00023373-00023675 which kind of just stopped everything and its tracks.
hh2PvE38rR0-00065-00023675-00024102 If you're not aware, ITP, I don't know what it stands for,
hh2PvE38rR0-00066-00024102-00024285 but I know it just stops you from tracking
hh2PvE38rR0-00067-00024285-00024439 people after seven days on safari.
hh2PvE38rR0-00068-00024439-00025089 So good luck if the conversion funnel is longer than a week,
hh2PvE38rR0-00069-00025089-00025392 you're out of luck, you have to start over every single time.
hh2PvE38rR0-00070-00025422-00025611 This worked well for eCommerce.
hh2PvE38rR0-00071-00025611-00026043 It was fine for e-commerce, but for B2B and bigger purchases where
hh2PvE38rR0-00072-00026043-00026494 people would need up to three weeks or a month to kind of convert,
hh2PvE38rR0-00073-00026494-00026919 that would pose a big problem especially for analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00074-00027036-00027449 In 2020, GA4 was dropped for the public
hh2PvE38rR0-00075-00027449-00027783 and it was rebranded to Google Analytics 4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00076-00027783-00027840 Why four?
hh2PvE38rR0-00077-00027840-00028114 No one knows because there was no three or two or one,
hh2PvE38rR0-00078-00028114-00028467 but it's like Windows 7, eight, and then ten.
hh2PvE38rR0-00079-00028677-00029010 So Google Analytics 4 launched and it kind of changed
hh2PvE38rR0-00080-00029010-00029235 everything in terms of how it's tracked.
hh2PvE38rR0-00081-00029235-00029460 And I'll explain what I mean by changed everything,
hh2PvE38rR0-00082-00029460-00029556 because the thought process,
hh2PvE38rR0-00083-00029556-00029820 it unified both web and app and the experience
hh2PvE38rR0-00084-00029820-00029960 of tracking kind of got unified.
hh2PvE38rR0-00085-00029961-00030144 So it's a whole new model of thinking of
hh2PvE38rR0-00086-00030144-00030387 how we track interactions on websites.
hh2PvE38rR0-00087-00030507-00030936 Now the biggest news to come out was that the Universal
hh2PvE38rR0-00088-00030936-00031343 Analytics will be sunsetting in July 1st of 2023.
hh2PvE38rR0-00089-00031344-00031731 So counting today we have 66 days left to
hh2PvE38rR0-00090-00031758-00032067 transfer from Universal Analytics to GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00091-00032067-00032367 I'm hoping everyone who works on a website already
hh2PvE38rR0-00092-00032397-00032772 transferred just for the year over year tracking,
hh2PvE38rR0-00093-00032772-00033147 but you have 66 days left, so hopefully there's some time.
hh2PvE38rR0-00094-00033286-00033479 So the main question is what changed?
hh2PvE38rR0-00095-00033481-00033767 Why the big shift from universal to GA4?
hh2PvE38rR0-00096-00033767-00034012 And the answer is the data model.
hh2PvE38rR0-00097-00034012-00034227 The data model and universal analytics kind
hh2PvE38rR0-00098-00034227-00034507 of focused on one main thing, the user.
hh2PvE38rR0-00099-00034507-00034891 And then it bucketed all the user interaction into sessions.
hh2PvE38rR0-00100-00034900-00035350 So once the website loads, it's called a session, starts.
hh2PvE38rR0-00101-00035350-00035856 So everything that the user does during that time is called a hit.
hh2PvE38rR0-00102-00035857-00036331 So a session starts, I open a page, it's a page view hit, I scroll,
hh2PvE38rR0-00103-00036331-00036580 I click on any element on a button or I click
hh2PvE38rR0-00104-00036580-00036845 on a form that's all under event hit.
hh2PvE38rR0-00105-00036845-00037156 So it's a page view hit and then everything else is an event hit.
hh2PvE38rR0-00106-00037233-00037525 And then if I close the page and come back the next day,
hh2PvE38rR0-00107-00037525-00037658 a new session starts,
hh2PvE38rR0-00108-00037658-00037933 another page view hit will be sent
hh2PvE38rR0-00109-00037933-00038104 and then another event hit on your site.
hh2PvE38rR0-00110-00038224-00038512 Whereas in GA4 all this goes away.
hh2PvE38rR0-00111-00038600-00039054 It's all still focused on the user, but it's everything is event-based.
hh2PvE38rR0-00112-00039054-00039513 So it kind of fits well with apps since every
hh2PvE38rR0-00113-00039513-00039802 interaction on app is an event and there
hh2PvE38rR0-00114-00039802-00040019 is no concept of page use on an app because
hh2PvE38rR0-00115-00040046-00040451 it's a screen view, you can say.
hh2PvE38rR0-00116-00040451-00040854 So the concept of a page, you hit kind of went away,
hh2PvE38rR0-00117-00040854-00041057 so they had to unify this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00118-00041057-00041345 everything became an event, even a session.
hh2PvE38rR0-00119-00041396-00041885 So once the page loads or a screen on the app loads,
hh2PvE38rR0-00120-00041888-00042092 a session event would start,
hh2PvE38rR0-00121-00042092-00042260 indicating that this is the start of a session.
hh2PvE38rR0-00122-00042293-00042707 There will be a session ID that connects all those events together.
hh2PvE38rR0-00123-00042707-00042964 So in the back end, GA4 kind of says, oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-00124-00042964-00043253 I know this event is traced back to this session.
hh2PvE38rR0-00125-00043280-00043460 This first time user that came to visit
hh2PvE38rR0-00126-00043460-00043691 my site has the first visit event,
hh2PvE38rR0-00127-00043691-00043829 it connects to the session.
hh2PvE38rR0-00128-00043841-00044046 They view the page or view the screen,
hh2PvE38rR0-00129-00044046-00044466 it all connects in one session because of a unique session ID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00130-00044466-00044891 Now, let's say I close the page and then visit the next day,
hh2PvE38rR0-00131-00044891-00045266 it comes with another string and use session start event which is
hh2PvE38rR0-00132-00045266-00045605 separate from the first one and encompasses all those events.
hh2PvE38rR0-00133-00045605-00045974 They string together in a series so that in the backend,
hh2PvE38rR0-00134-00045974-00046229 Google Analytics connects it all to a session,
hh2PvE38rR0-00135-00046328-00046715 does similar calculations, but the concept instead of being
hh2PvE38rR0-00136-00046715-00046970 a session base and starts a counter for a session,
hh2PvE38rR0-00137-00046970-00047141 everything encompasses under the session,
hh2PvE38rR0-00138-00047141-00047451 it's in a series of events that shows you the path,
hh2PvE38rR0-00139-00047451-00047698 OK, they started with this and then this and then this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00140-00047698-00048035 Which kind of fits well with tracking on web, still works,
hh2PvE38rR0-00141-00048035-00048227 but also fits better when it's tracking an app,
hh2PvE38rR0-00142-00048227-00048398 especially in a world where apps are king.
hh2PvE38rR0-00143-00048623-00049046 The other thing that changed is how an event is structured.
hh2PvE38rR0-00144-00049046-00049544 Now, in Universal Analytics, an event was very structured,
hh2PvE38rR0-00145-00049544-00049926 and you have only those three or four things that you have to fill out,
hh2PvE38rR0-00146-00049926-00050396 it's all fit under category, a type category of event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00147-00050396-00050708 And then you have the action, the label and a value.
hh2PvE38rR0-00148-00050765-00051089 A value would be something if I scroll, how much did I scroll?
hh2PvE38rR0-00149-00051089-00051512 The percentage i scroll 10%, 20%, 30, so it all fit under value.
hh2PvE38rR0-00150-00051543-00051707 What page did I scroll on?
hh2PvE38rR0-00151-00051764-00052079 Something I would want to make up to fill out the label section.
hh2PvE38rR0-00152-00052079-00052514 So it was very rigid and I had to fit the event into the structure.
hh2PvE38rR0-00153-00052577-00052848 Google Analytics 4 said, well, this is too rigid,
hh2PvE38rR0-00154-00052848-00053177 we need to make it easier for users to create an event,
hh2PvE38rR0-00155-00053177-00053558 and event should be more easy, be understandable just by the name.
hh2PvE38rR0-00156-00053558-00053933 So they put in something called event label and then parameters.
hh2PvE38rR0-00157-00053957-00054272 Now parameters work similar to action, label and value,
hh2PvE38rR0-00158-00054272-00054566 but they give a lot more depth to that event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00159-00054566-00055028 So let's say, you had a button on a website or an app and you
hh2PvE38rR0-00160-00055028-00055267 wanted to measure how many people clicked on that button.
hh2PvE38rR0-00161-00055267-00055741 So you'd say, OK, this is an X button click,
hh2PvE38rR0-00162-00055741-00056136 the parameters here are what time of day,
hh2PvE38rR0-00163-00056136-00056512 how this was fired, what pace was this button on?
hh2PvE38rR0-00164-00056512-00056647 The type of user?
hh2PvE38rR0-00165-00056647-00056810 Are they logged in, logged out?
hh2PvE38rR0-00166-00056810-00057116 It gives a lot more depth to what happened with that event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00167-00057116-00057323 So you can build a story just from that.
hh2PvE38rR0-00168-00057323-00057503 The parameters, you can send them with an event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00169-00057517-00057829 This is where it kind of opens up what you can track and what you
hh2PvE38rR0-00170-00057829-00058169 can understand from each interaction, each event happening.
hh2PvE38rR0-00171-00058341-00058546 So I'm going to show you just a live demo.
hh2PvE38rR0-00172-00058546-00058913 But in general, let's just get going.
hh2PvE38rR0-00173-00058913-00059089 You know what?
hh2PvE38rR0-00174-00059089-00059413 I'm going to show a quick overview of Google Analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00175-00059449-00059749 So on the homepage, just gives you
hh2PvE38rR0-00176-00059749-00059942 a quick snapshot of a number of users,
hh2PvE38rR0-00177-00059942-00060157 how many events were fired, if there's any
hh2PvE38rR0-00178-00060157-00060424 conversions and how many users came in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00179-00060424-00060628 And users is also an event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00180-00060691-00061009 So the first visit or first open for an app
hh2PvE38rR0-00181-00061012-00061338 is how Google advertises a new user.
hh2PvE38rR0-00182-00061339-00061596 So when they come back again, it just says, oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-00183-00061596-00061912 this person already came in, so it's a returning user.
hh2PvE38rR0-00184-00061912-00062128 So it measures everything differently.
hh2PvE38rR0-00185-00062187-00062452 And you can see it's 19,000 users, 15K are new.
hh2PvE38rR0-00186-00062794-00063028 It gives you suggestions based off of how you use
hh2PvE38rR0-00187-00063028-00063286 Google Analytics on what you'd like to see.
hh2PvE38rR0-00188-00063310-00063490 For me, I care more about where traffic
hh2PvE38rR0-00189-00063490-00063668 is coming from, so it shows me this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00190-00063668-00064099 which countries in the world and just set of event counts.
hh2PvE38rR0-00191-00064295-00064719 The main thing here is events, and under reports you'll find events,
hh2PvE38rR0-00192-00064719-00064928 all the events are coming in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00193-00064928-00065218 And to showcase what those parameters do,
hh2PvE38rR0-00194-00065218-00065454 so we know that there's a view promotion event
hh2PvE38rR0-00195-00065455-00065690 or people are seeing a promotion on the site.
hh2PvE38rR0-00196-00065690-00065858 But which promotion are they're seeing?
hh2PvE38rR0-00197-00065917-00066104 What pages are they seeing this promotion on?
hh2PvE38rR0-00198-00066104-00066449 We can click on it and it gives me a lot
hh2PvE38rR0-00199-00066449-00066680 more depth and detail about this event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00200-00066680-00067249 So it tells me where in the world are the users when this event happens?
hh2PvE38rR0-00201-00067250-00067367 Are they male or female?
hh2PvE38rR0-00202-00067496-00067822 How many times to those events via procession?
hh2PvE38rR0-00203-00067822-00068217 So, do they see just once or do they see it five or six times?
hh2PvE38rR0-00204-00068219-00068392 So roughly 5.3 times.
hh2PvE38rR0-00205-00068588-00069018 The title of the page where this event is firing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00206-00069018-00069224 The location, as in, the URL.
hh2PvE38rR0-00207-00069374-00069626 If there's a payment type, because it's a few promotion
hh2PvE38rR0-00208-00069626-00069828 and they're using specific type of payments,
hh2PvE38rR0-00209-00069828-00070021 so we can see all this information.
hh2PvE38rR0-00210-00070022-00070235 Now I'm using Google's demo account,
hh2PvE38rR0-00211-00070235-00070536 so you will see a lot of (INAUDIBLE ), but it's the concept,
hh2PvE38rR0-00212-00070536-00070765 it gives a proper understanding of the concepts of type
hh2PvE38rR0-00213-00070767-00071024 information you can share within that specific event.
hh2PvE38rR0-00214-00071024-00071519 And you can track all this depending on your analytical needs.
hh2PvE38rR0-00215-00071643-00071879 MAN: Do you have to set up those variables independently
hh2PvE38rR0-00216-00071879-00072084 or Google give those to you out of the box?
hh2PvE38rR0-00217-00072084-00072316 WOMAN: You have to set it all up, I don't know.
hh2PvE38rR0-00218-00072537-00072808 HASSAN ELBAYTAM: Yes, so there are some that are recommended by Google that
hh2PvE38rR0-00219-00072808-00073020 you set up and they will tell you, set those up, please.
hh2PvE38rR0-00220-00073021-00073377 And there are others that are custom that you can do whatever you want.
hh2PvE38rR0-00221-00073377-00073663 This is all customizable, you can let your imagination
hh2PvE38rR0-00222-00073663-00073804 run wild because we within limit,
hh2PvE38rR0-00223-00073804-00074122 because we still have GPT to worry about and (UNKNOWN) in Canada,
hh2PvE38rR0-00224-00074122-00074398 I'm not sure what the states, if they even care about data privacy,
hh2PvE38rR0-00225-00074398-00074602 I know that California does.
hh2PvE38rR0-00226-00074602-00074652 (LAUGHS)
hh2PvE38rR0-00227-00074722-00074840 WOMAN: We pretend to care.
hh2PvE38rR0-00228-00074840-00074989 Yeah, we put a little notification.
hh2PvE38rR0-00229-00075094-00075388 HASSAN ELBAYTAM: So it is fully customizable.
hh2PvE38rR0-00230-00075388-00075535 There are set of events, especially for e-commerce,
hh2PvE38rR0-00231-00075535-00075705 there are a set of recommended events that
hh2PvE38rR0-00232-00075705-00075922 Google says please set them up because Google
hh2PvE38rR0-00233-00075922-00076114 first and foremost built this for e-commerce,
hh2PvE38rR0-00234-00076114-00076444 but you can play around with it and customize it in a way where
hh2PvE38rR0-00235-00076444-00076795 you can track SaaS product all through Google Analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00236-00076795-00077068 It takes a little finessing, but it does work.
hh2PvE38rR0-00237-00077068-00077629 Yeah, basically there's a lot more information that you
hh2PvE38rR0-00238-00077629-00078069 can send in to an event outside of just the category,
hh2PvE38rR0-00239-00078069-00078382 action, label, and value structure that you
hh2PvE38rR0-00240-00078382-00078589 had in Universal Analytics, which is great.
hh2PvE38rR0-00241-00078716-00079154 The other thing that GA4 introduced, and this is way before
hh2PvE38rR0-00242-00079154-00079611 the chatGPT and all the fun AI talk, is machine learning in GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00243-00079611-00079967 This was the crux of why Google said we wanted
hh2PvE38rR0-00244-00079967-00080096 to create a new thing because this
hh2PvE38rR0-00245-00080096-00080330 is a feature that required an overhaul
hh2PvE38rR0-00246-00080330-00080558 of the backend of Google Analytics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00247-00080600-00080917 What now you can do is, so I talked about
hh2PvE38rR0-00248-00080917-00081188 suggestions of base of my activity.
hh2PvE38rR0-00249-00081197-00081442 This is basically learning how I use Google Analytics
hh2PvE38rR0-00250-00081442-00081705 and suggest those cards because it knows, oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-00251-00081705-00081971 you're a marketer, so you care about where the traffic
hh2PvE38rR0-00252-00081971-00082297 is coming from or what countries are the users in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00253-00082297-00082532 But if someone was more on the technical side,
hh2PvE38rR0-00254-00082559-00082792 they might see something different, different cards.
hh2PvE38rR0-00255-00082792-00083072 And it's basically just the machine learning aspect,
hh2PvE38rR0-00256-00083072-00083446 learning of how you're utilizing or using GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00257-00083446-00083845 Another thing you can learn is automated insights.
hh2PvE38rR0-00258-00083845-00084366 Where it just learns from your data and tells you right off the bat, oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-00259-00084366-00084695 we noticed there's something happening here that's worth your look.
hh2PvE38rR0-00260-00084695-00085001 And you can customize it too, basically saying,
hh2PvE38rR0-00261-00085001-00085316 I want to track this specific metric to see
hh2PvE38rR0-00262-00085316-00085619 if it increases or decreases by a set percentage.
hh2PvE38rR0-00263-00085642-00086003 And to show you this, there is insights and recommendation.
hh2PvE38rR0-00264-00086003-00086335 So in this section you'll see this is all the automated insights.
hh2PvE38rR0-00265-00086336-00086531 It's telling you that the organic channel
hh2PvE38rR0-00266-00086531-00086768 drove 33% more revenue than the rest.
hh2PvE38rR0-00267-00086810-00087035 For me as an analyst, I would have to go in
hh2PvE38rR0-00268-00087035-00087401 and check every channel to find this out.
hh2PvE38rR0-00269-00087401-00087794 But Google Analytics 4 just told me, OK, here's your job done for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00270-00087857-00088170 I'm not going to be replaced yet, I hope.
hh2PvE38rR0-00271-00088170-00088529 And also shows you other information like
hh2PvE38rR0-00272-00088529-00088763 the revenue last week versus this week,
hh2PvE38rR0-00273-00088766-00089054 there's certain insights that someone
hh2PvE38rR0-00274-00089054-00089312 would want to go in and dig deeper.
hh2PvE38rR0-00275-00089312-00089630 Just knowing where to start because of this machine
hh2PvE38rR0-00276-00089630-00089885 learning aspect is really nifty feature.
hh2PvE38rR0-00277-00089972-00090314 Another thing that they have is just the added more predictive metrics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00278-00090316-00090617 This is auto calculated by Google, it's already pre-set up,
hh2PvE38rR0-00279-00090617-00090831 just you need to set up the recommended events like e-commerce.
hh2PvE38rR0-00280-00091110-00091524 SPEAKER: Add to cart and begin checkout all those fun recommended events.
hh2PvE38rR0-00281-00091524-00091987 Based off of those events, the machine learning aspect can tell you,
hh2PvE38rR0-00282-00091987-00092237 is there a probability of purchase?
hh2PvE38rR0-00283-00092237-00092555 And if this specific user set have higher probability
hh2PvE38rR0-00284-00092555-00092765 of purchase or lower probability of purchase.
hh2PvE38rR0-00285-00092765-00092841 Churn.
hh2PvE38rR0-00286-00092841-00093416 Churn means that there are users who buy your product but may
hh2PvE38rR0-00287-00093416-00093872 end up stopping and they will stop buying your product.
hh2PvE38rR0-00288-00093872-00094169 So churn, it predict, OK, this subset of users may end
hh2PvE38rR0-00289-00094169-00094508 up churning in the next week or 60 days or so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00290-00094538-00094742 So it's a good, nifty metric to kind of understand
hh2PvE38rR0-00291-00094742-00094967 and can create audiences for marketing
hh2PvE38rR0-00292-00094967-00095195 use to kind of remarket bring them back in,
hh2PvE38rR0-00293-00095207-00095366 entice them with the promotion and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00294-00095384-00095802 This takes a lot of crunching of numbers to kind of figure out
hh2PvE38rR0-00295-00095802-00096236 and GA4 does just in like two minutes and also predict revenue.
hh2PvE38rR0-00296-00096236-00096449 So it'll say based off of your current trend,
hh2PvE38rR0-00297-00096449-00097016 we expect that you will make $1 million next month, maybe.
hh2PvE38rR0-00298-00097016-00097311 So it's really good, in terms of,
hh2PvE38rR0-00299-00097311-00097459 you don't have to export the data
hh2PvE38rR0-00300-00097459-00097621 and kind of utilize it in another tool,
hh2PvE38rR0-00301-00097621-00097957 it's all done automatically by GA4 with
hh2PvE38rR0-00302-00097957-00098125 those kind of predictive metrics.
hh2PvE38rR0-00303-00098233-00098539 And the last thing is if you're building charts
hh2PvE38rR0-00304-00098539-00098782 and graphs to showcase to stakeholders,
hh2PvE38rR0-00305-00098785-00099233 it'll show you automatically in those time-series
hh2PvE38rR0-00306-00099233-00099496 chart where the anomalies are.
hh2PvE38rR0-00307-00099526-00100021 We were expecting this metric to have, let's say,
hh2PvE38rR0-00308-00100021-00100291 we're expecting revenue to be at 100 K,
hh2PvE38rR0-00309-00100291-00100555 but for some reason it dipped to 50.
hh2PvE38rR0-00310-00100576-00100783 It'll show you that anomaly explaining, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00311-00100783-00101077 this is the kind of traffic that we were
hh2PvE38rR0-00312-00101077-00101197 seeing and this is what happened.
hh2PvE38rR0-00313-00101197-00101450 Or if there's an influx, it will show you, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00314-00101450-00101635 there was an influx, something happened here.
hh2PvE38rR0-00315-00101671-00101914 It just gives you the entry point for you to
hh2PvE38rR0-00316-00101914-00102139 start your analytical process rather than
hh2PvE38rR0-00317-00102139-00102367 discovering this yourself and kind of figuring
hh2PvE38rR0-00318-00102367-00102510 out where to start to analyze.
hh2PvE38rR0-00319-00102613-00103072 So this is a lot of the kind of main thoughts behind
hh2PvE38rR0-00320-00103123-00103434 why Google went the route of rebranding.
hh2PvE38rR0-00321-00103531-00103980 But we are in a drupal conference and we're mostly a developer crowd,
hh2PvE38rR0-00322-00103980-00104221 so I do want to make it more relevant.
hh2PvE38rR0-00323-00104221-00104539 So one thing as an analyst I help developers
hh2PvE38rR0-00324-00104539-00104891 do is analyze how the website is doing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00325-00104891-00105127 Not by the number of users coming in or
hh2PvE38rR0-00326-00105193-00105375 how many people clicked on this button,
hh2PvE38rR0-00327-00105375-00105655 but one of the things that we used to face a lot
hh2PvE38rR0-00328-00105655-00105955 back when I was in house marketing was why is
hh2PvE38rR0-00329-00105955-00106342 our website slow or why is some pages slow
hh2PvE38rR0-00330-00106342-00106692 but some aren't and what is causing the slowness?
hh2PvE38rR0-00331-00106692-00107171 So, like anyone would, I jumped in to Google speed insights
hh2PvE38rR0-00332-00107171-00107542 plugged in the website URL there and it told me oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-00333-00107542-00107815 you're doing well, but I'm still getting reports,
hh2PvE38rR0-00334-00107815-00107941 no, there is slow pages.
hh2PvE38rR0-00335-00107971-00108289 So I tried to figure out what the issue was
hh2PvE38rR0-00336-00108289-00108556 and then I discovered core web vitals.
hh2PvE38rR0-00337-00108556-00109006 And it's much easier to kind of analyze with GA4 and kind
hh2PvE38rR0-00338-00109006-00109331 of shows the power of GA4 and what you can do with GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00339-00109331-00109723 So core web vitals are just a set of performance metrics
hh2PvE38rR0-00340-00109723-00109884 that tells you how your website is doing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00341-00109921-00110479 Google tracks this on a high level with the page insights speed test,
hh2PvE38rR0-00342-00110569-00110993 and it focuses on something called CLS, LCP and FID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00343-00111009-00111181 I'll explain what those mean in a second,
hh2PvE38rR0-00344-00111181-00111496 but those are the key three metrics that we look
hh2PvE38rR0-00345-00111496-00111796 at to kind of analyze as the page load fast,
hh2PvE38rR0-00346-00111796-00112364 slow, what should be fixed to kind of improve the speed.
hh2PvE38rR0-00347-00112364-00112774 So, this core web vitals was developed by Google.
hh2PvE38rR0-00348-00112774-00113200 It's a library that can be added to any website and it's
hh2PvE38rR0-00349-00113200-00113480 essential for if you want to improve your SEO rankings,
hh2PvE38rR0-00350-00113480-00113704 if market is saying we're ranking too low,
hh2PvE38rR0-00351-00113704-00113897 just throw in this and tell them, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00352-00113897-00114286 because of your pop up, the website is low, so blame them.
hh2PvE38rR0-00353-00114286-00114820 As a previous marketer giving you steps
hh2PvE38rR0-00354-00114820-00114968 to kind of avoid marketing requests.
hh2PvE38rR0-00355-00115060-00115438 So the main three metrics, CLS, LCP and FID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00356-00115480-00115649 So Google created this library,
hh2PvE38rR0-00357-00115649-00115975 they have all the code on how documentation on GitHub.
hh2PvE38rR0-00358-00115975-00116170 I don't want to go through it too much,
hh2PvE38rR0-00359-00116170-00116577 but this is the main thing to get the library loaded.
hh2PvE38rR0-00360-00116577-00116914 The slides are on the session page,
hh2PvE38rR0-00361-00116914-00117155 so if you want to download them as a pdf and follow through,
hh2PvE38rR0-00362-00117155-00117405 the link links to the GitHub or if you want to scan our
hh2PvE38rR0-00363-00117405-00117613 QR code and just go through it yourself to your phone.
hh2PvE38rR0-00364-00117749-00118055 So there's different ways where you can load them the library.
hh2PvE38rR0-00365-00118079-00118388 I opted for this one because I use Google
hh2PvE38rR0-00366-00118388-00118517 tag manager and it won't accept
hh2PvE38rR0-00367-00118517-00118949 anything other than standard JavaScript, not even ES6, just this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00368-00119129-00119390 The main concept of what this is doing is it's loading
hh2PvE38rR0-00369-00119390-00120042 the library and API and then console logging CLS, FID and LCP.
hh2PvE38rR0-00370-00120136-00120261 That's basically what it's doing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00371-00120261-00120416 There's nothing too complicated.
hh2PvE38rR0-00372-00120419-00120599 You can play around with it to do something else,
hh2PvE38rR0-00373-00120599-00120998 but in the end, this is what's going to do.
hh2PvE38rR0-00374-00120998-00121656 Log the metrics for CLS, FID and LCP, send them too much.
hh2PvE38rR0-00375-00121702-00121906 Now let's go into what they mean.
hh2PvE38rR0-00376-00121906-00122232 CLS is the most complicated one,
hh2PvE38rR0-00377-00122232-00122510 and even I don't understand what the point of it is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00378-00122529-00122814 But basically it stands for Cumulative Layout Shift.
hh2PvE38rR0-00379-00122814-00123048 In a nutshell, if you have an element that
hh2PvE38rR0-00380-00123048-00123423 moves on the page, that can conceive,
hh2PvE38rR0-00381-00123429-00123638 give the user an experience that, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00382-00123638-00123870 this site is still loading or it's not fully loaded.
hh2PvE38rR0-00383-00123911-00124286 So knowing what is moving on the page,
hh2PvE38rR0-00384-00124286-00124545 what elements are moving best because of a CSS function
hh2PvE38rR0-00385-00124545-00124733 or a JavaScript function or something,
hh2PvE38rR0-00386-00124818-00125133 and knowing where it is and knowing how much is it
hh2PvE38rR0-00387-00125133-00125435 moving is important to kind of improve usability.
hh2PvE38rR0-00388-00125435-00125754 And it's not so that the website loads slowly,
hh2PvE38rR0-00389-00125754-00126111 it's more a perception that the user sees, that,
hh2PvE38rR0-00390-00126111-00126383 OK, because this is moving or is not fully loaded yet,
hh2PvE38rR0-00391-00126383-00126663 it seems like the website is slow.
hh2PvE38rR0-00392-00126768-00126970 A good score should be under 100.
hh2PvE38rR0-00393-00126970-00127287 Because Google is so smart, they never told us what 100 represents,
hh2PvE38rR0-00394-00127287-00127503 milliseconds, pixels, just 100.
hh2PvE38rR0-00395-00127530-00127859 So we're just going with what Google said, under 100.
hh2PvE38rR0-00396-00127992-00128210 Now, in the previous slide I showed you
hh2PvE38rR0-00397-00128210-00128933 that the function on CLS console.log.
hh2PvE38rR0-00398-00128933-00129324 So what that does, it returns a JSON object with all
hh2PvE38rR0-00399-00129324-00129579 the information and here is what it looks like.
hh2PvE38rR0-00400-00129702-00130038 Means nothing, but there are specific points
hh2PvE38rR0-00401-00130038-00130320 that is important to kind of take a note of.
hh2PvE38rR0-00402-00130323-00130479 First of all, the name, of course,
hh2PvE38rR0-00403-00130479-00130695 we know what the name is, but also the value.
hh2PvE38rR0-00404-00130788-00130990 This is an amazing number to hit.
hh2PvE38rR0-00405-00130992-00131250 It's way under 100, so perfect.
hh2PvE38rR0-00406-00131340-00131528 Another thing to kind of look at is,
hh2PvE38rR0-00407-00131528-00131796 what is the element and how did it move.
hh2PvE38rR0-00408-00131796-00132309 So it gives you where it was initially and where it is right now.
hh2PvE38rR0-00409-00132327-00132426 How much did it move?
hh2PvE38rR0-00410-00132456-00132723 According to this example, it did not move by much,
hh2PvE38rR0-00411-00132723-00133020 it just went down a couple of pixels or up
hh2PvE38rR0-00412-00133020-00133263 a couple of pixels, but nothing too major.
hh2PvE38rR0-00413-00133263-00133679 But also it gives you the ID or in this case
hh2PvE38rR0-00414-00133679-00134151 the class of the element which that is moving.
hh2PvE38rR0-00415-00134199-00134343 And it's important to know because then when
hh2PvE38rR0-00416-00134343-00134484 you're analyzing what is going wrong,
hh2PvE38rR0-00417-00134505-00134783 let's say this was 200 something, then, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00418-00134783-00135033 I need to know what this element is that's moving
hh2PvE38rR0-00419-00135033-00135222 and kind of figure out why it's moving
hh2PvE38rR0-00420-00135222-00135437 and how can I improve on this metric,
hh2PvE38rR0-00421-00135437-00135693 maybe lower how much it moves and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00422-00135813-00136083 So in a nutshell, that is CLS.
hh2PvE38rR0-00423-00136182-00136427 Another thing we're talking about is the largest contentful paint.
hh2PvE38rR0-00424-00136427-00136638 And usually, that went on homepages.
hh2PvE38rR0-00425-00136638-00136878 It's the hero image, it's basically the biggest
hh2PvE38rR0-00426-00136878-00137151 element of the page that is loading.
hh2PvE38rR0-00427-00137151-00137499 And here we're talking about, we want to make sure that it
hh2PvE38rR0-00428-00137499-00137810 flows as fast as possible because the slower this loads,
hh2PvE38rR0-00429-00137810-00138215 even if the rest of the page is fully loaded, but this is still loading,
hh2PvE38rR0-00430-00138216-00138576 it shows a perception to the user that the page is too slow.
hh2PvE38rR0-00431-00138654-00139050 So this is why this is very important because it's more
hh2PvE38rR0-00432-00139050-00139404 perception rather than actually it's loading slowly.
hh2PvE38rR0-00433-00139599-00139927 The best score should be anything under 2.5
hh2PvE38rR0-00434-00139927-00140427 seconds and at least they gave us what 2.5 stands for this one, seconds.
hh2PvE38rR0-00435-00140427-00140922 The problem is that when you look at the code of the JSON object,
hh2PvE38rR0-00436-00140943-00141405 it shows you 786, the rating is good because this is milliseconds.
hh2PvE38rR0-00437-00141405-00141639 No idea why Google does this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00438-00141639-00141989 they love to kind of create drama and suspense, anyway.
hh2PvE38rR0-00439-00141989-00142476 But here you see that it gives you the value and does the same thing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00440-00142476-00143261 It gives you the element, class or classes, in this case, and also,
hh2PvE38rR0-00441-00143261-00143442 if it's an image or a video,
hh2PvE38rR0-00442-00143442-00143730 it gives you the URL that you should be worried about.
hh2PvE38rR0-00443-00143731-00144086 In this case, I'm not using CDM, so maybe that's the side effects.
hh2PvE38rR0-00444-00144270-00144666 So those are kind of information that you can expect from the return
hh2PvE38rR0-00445-00144710-00145279 and kind of make note of and kind of start collecting in GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00446-00145279-00145824 Lastly, is the First Input Delay, and this is also another perception
hh2PvE38rR0-00447-00145824-00146082 more than it is something that slows the website,
hh2PvE38rR0-00448-00146082-00146577 it's when the user starts the first input and
hh2PvE38rR0-00449-00146577-00146977 the response they get back from the front end.
hh2PvE38rR0-00450-00146979-00147397 So if I scroll, if it takes more than 100
hh2PvE38rR0-00451-00147397-00147613 milliseconds for it to scroll down,
hh2PvE38rR0-00452-00147613-00148136 so I scroll on my wheel because I live in the 90s and then
hh2PvE38rR0-00453-00148224-00148572 it takes a while for the page to actually move down,
hh2PvE38rR0-00454-00148572-00148791 I give them a perception that the website is
hh2PvE38rR0-00455-00148791-00148971 too slow to respond and too slow to load.
hh2PvE38rR0-00456-00148992-00149670 So having something under 100 milliseconds is perfect because it's too
hh2PvE38rR0-00457-00149670-00149960 fast for the user to see that something is slower, faster, so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00458-00150191-00150704 And this is the JSON response that you might expect.
hh2PvE38rR0-00459-00150788-00151235 The value that, it's three milliseconds, so that's perfect.
hh2PvE38rR0-00460-00151277-00151711 It's what type of interaction that happened, and also, oh, wait, no.
hh2PvE38rR0-00461-00151779-00152015 Yeah, that's because it's an interaction.
hh2PvE38rR0-00462-00152015-00152279 So it's just the value and the name of the interaction.
hh2PvE38rR0-00463-00152506-00152674 So far I haven't had any trouble with this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00464-00152674-00152848 so I don't know if there's any issue,
hh2PvE38rR0-00465-00152860-00153049 how to fix this, which is weird.
hh2PvE38rR0-00466-00153049-00153328 I haven't heard anyone have any troubles with this before,
hh2PvE38rR0-00467-00153328-00153484 so maybe that's a good sign,
hh2PvE38rR0-00468-00153484-00153688 but it's important to keep track of, nevertheless.
hh2PvE38rR0-00469-00153688-00153850 MAN: Where is this being output?
hh2PvE38rR0-00470-00153898-00154238 SPEAKER: So based off of the original code...
hh2PvE38rR0-00471-00154238-00154288 MAN: Yeah?
hh2PvE38rR0-00472-00154504-00154624 Would you load it in tag manager?
hh2PvE38rR0-00473-00154694-00154780 SPEAKER: Yeah, loading in tag manager.
hh2PvE38rR0-00474-00154780-00154968 It's console.log.
hh2PvE38rR0-00475-00154968-00155224 Now we'll do a live demo on how.
hh2PvE38rR0-00476-00155224-00155310 MAN: (INAUDIBLE)
hh2PvE38rR0-00477-00155366-00155416 SPEAKER: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00478-00155450-00155458 MAN: Yes, good.
hh2PvE38rR0-00479-00155458-00155782 SPEAKER: I will do a live demo on how you can kind of push
hh2PvE38rR0-00480-00155782-00156034 it into tag manager and kind of utilize it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00481-00156034-00156538 But basically, for now, everything is being printed in the console.
hh2PvE38rR0-00482-00157165-00157457 Alright, now we want to connect this to GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00483-00157457-00158036 Now we start off with using this tag manager model from drupal.
hh2PvE38rR0-00484-00158036-00158285 Trying to keep it very relevant, I'm hoping it's working.
hh2PvE38rR0-00485-00158382-00158801 So based off of just using this module, you can just input,
hh2PvE38rR0-00486-00158801-00159110 and here I'll show you what you need to do.
hh2PvE38rR0-00487-00159110-00159315 OK, there it is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00488-00159315-00159597 Just put in the tag manager ID and you're fully connected,
hh2PvE38rR0-00489-00159597-00159758 that's all you need to do.
hh2PvE38rR0-00490-00159758-00160008 Now I put preloaded everything.
hh2PvE38rR0-00491-00160008-00160794 So first off, we need to load the core web vitals library.
hh2PvE38rR0-00492-00160809-00160925 So what I did is...
hh2PvE38rR0-00493-00160925-00161076 Is this clear enough, or should I zoom?
hh2PvE38rR0-00494-00161363-00161618 So what I did, different thing from the original
hh2PvE38rR0-00495-00161618-00161910 code is I put in the function datalayer.push.
hh2PvE38rR0-00496-00161910-00162511 Now data is just an array of JSON objects and just
hh2PvE38rR0-00497-00162542-00162780 a lot of information that your website holds.
hh2PvE38rR0-00498-00162780-00163103 For drupal, you can send in stuff like information about the author
hh2PvE38rR0-00499-00163124-00163492 of the page or the type of content of the page and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00500-00163492-00163857 All this can be sent to Google Analytics for further analysis,
hh2PvE38rR0-00501-00163857-00164402 but in this specific case we're just focusing on the CLS, FID and LCP.
hh2PvE38rR0-00502-00164496-00165033 And then based off of the return objects,
hh2PvE38rR0-00503-00165033-00165533 I created a couple of variables in tag manager,
hh2PvE38rR0-00504-00165583-00165850 where this just captures the value of black
hh2PvE38rR0-00505-00165850-00166389 and state value for all LCP, FID and CLS.
hh2PvE38rR0-00506-00166578-00166886 And then for the node it requires a bit of finessing,
hh2PvE38rR0-00507-00166886-00167419 you have to go in to select the object and then it's an array,
hh2PvE38rR0-00508-00167419-00167640 so you have to choose the first one.
hh2PvE38rR0-00509-00167660-00168003 And the way GTM works, it doesn't accept the brackets,
hh2PvE38rR0-00510-00168003-00168262 it has to be dots because it's weird.
hh2PvE38rR0-00511-00168262-00168451 So .source.0.node.
hh2PvE38rR0-00512-00168451-00168738 This is how you get at least the element of it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00513-00168846-00169178 And then we added the value and for funsies
hh2PvE38rR0-00514-00169178-00169434 I captured the ID just to separate myself,
hh2PvE38rR0-00515-00169434-00169547 because I like collecting data,
hh2PvE38rR0-00516-00169547-00169791 I just add more information to send them and I'm
hh2PvE38rR0-00517-00169791-00170034 going to showcase this how it works, exactly.
hh2PvE38rR0-00518-00170034-00170594 So when I click on preview and to my own personal blog that is empty,
hh2PvE38rR0-00519-00170594-00171237 first, we can look at the data layer here to include.
hh2PvE38rR0-00520-00171237-00171526 There we go.
hh2PvE38rR0-00521-00171526-00172315 We got the FID, we got the value of 18,
hh2PvE38rR0-00522-00172467-00172990 if in the entries, we have its first input,
hh2PvE38rR0-00523-00172990-00173416 because key down, OK, so press the button, so that's the first input.
hh2PvE38rR0-00524-00173590-00173764 It's not the most user-friendly way.
hh2PvE38rR0-00525-00173764-00174058 So there is another way in the tag assistant.
hh2PvE38rR0-00526-00174058-00174313 It shows you all the messages coming in to the data layer.
hh2PvE38rR0-00527-00174313-00174775 So we can see this one was actually an FID,
hh2PvE38rR0-00528-00174775-00175039 and then there's another message, LCP.
hh2PvE38rR0-00529-00175209-00175588 And if we look at the variables that I created,
hh2PvE38rR0-00530-00175588-00176045 It didn't capture the node, fun, but it did capture the value.
hh2PvE38rR0-00531-00176204-00176435 And there should be, there it is, the idea.
hh2PvE38rR0-00532-00176637-00176901 And basically, this is how it captures information based off
hh2PvE38rR0-00533-00176901-00177230 of what's in the data layer and how I set up the variables.
hh2PvE38rR0-00534-00177231-00177555 It captures them in this laundry list of variables.
hh2PvE38rR0-00535-00177555-00178555 And now I can utilize this to build an event and send it to GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00536-00178555-00178747 Let's build it together.
hh2PvE38rR0-00537-00179024-00180095 So as we said, this is a configuration, because of the structure,
hh2PvE38rR0-00538-00180095-00180407 I mentioned, we can have event name and then parameters under it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00539-00180407-00180882 So the event name for this would be drupal,
hh2PvE38rR0-00540-00180882-00181347 we have the event parameters.
hh2PvE38rR0-00541-00181348-00181689 So now this is just an example of how we can build the event parameters,
hh2PvE38rR0-00542-00181689-00182071 we had the ID, the node and the value of
hh2PvE38rR0-00543-00182240-00182374 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Those events and also we want to know
hh2PvE38rR0-00544-00182374-00182536 the name of the specific event so we
hh2PvE38rR0-00545-00182536-00183190 can build events for each and every single one, the LCP, FID, and CLS.
hh2PvE38rR0-00546-00183292-00183628 So for now I'm just gonna say ID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00547-00183628-00184196 Also, GA4 prefers snake case.
hh2PvE38rR0-00548-00184196-00184592 So if anyone prefers camel case, I'm sorry, let's take the snake case.
hh2PvE38rR0-00549-00184594-00185006 I know this is a touchy topic.
hh2PvE38rR0-00550-00185006-00185325 Alright.
hh2PvE38rR0-00551-00185325-00185842 And then we can add for value.
hh2PvE38rR0-00552-00186630-00186703 Enough for the trigger.
hh2PvE38rR0-00553-00186705-00186867 I'll just put all pages for now.
hh2PvE38rR0-00554-00186963-00187152 I don't wanna go too deep on how to trigger
hh2PvE38rR0-00555-00187152-00187449 the events and how Tag Manager works,
hh2PvE38rR0-00556-00187500-00188051 but this is basically how we build the event
hh2PvE38rR0-00557-00188051-00188345 and how the events are structured in GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00558-00188492-00188799 Once those events are fired, they come into...
hh2PvE38rR0-00559-00188799-00189195 I'm gonna go into another.
hh2PvE38rR0-00560-00189195-00189505 OK.
hh2PvE38rR0-00561-00189505-00190200 They start showing up on the list here.
hh2PvE38rR0-00562-00190200-00190730 When I created this (INAUDIBLE) demo, I named it CLS, LCP,
hh2PvE38rR0-00563-00190730-00191261 and FID to track each one separately and each one has their own
hh2PvE38rR0-00564-00191261-00191576 parameters of values and the ideas, and the values coming in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00565-00191951-00192098 Now, this is all well and good.
hh2PvE38rR0-00566-00192110-00192237 We collected the values.
hh2PvE38rR0-00567-00192239-00192408 We have everything stored in GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00568-00192408-00192719 Now we want to understand what's happening.
hh2PvE38rR0-00569-00192794-00193073 So internalize the data.
hh2PvE38rR0-00570-00193161-00193250 SPEAKER: So we just call you at that point?
hh2PvE38rR0-00571-00193262-00193317 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-00572-00193317-00193881 (LAUGHS) Another way, so there is this dashboard that I built.
hh2PvE38rR0-00573-00193883-00194117 You can scan the code and you can copy it yourself and kind
hh2PvE38rR0-00574-00194117-00194342 of connect the data once you have everything set up.
hh2PvE38rR0-00575-00194360-00194573 You can copy this dashboard and just connect
hh2PvE38rR0-00576-00194573-00194746 it to your Google Analytics, it's all ready.
hh2PvE38rR0-00577-00194746-00194984 This is kind of a freebie that I want to share with you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00578-00194984-00195215 I'm gonna show you how it works.
hh2PvE38rR0-00579-00195263-00195823 So here is (INAUDIBLE).
hh2PvE38rR0-00580-00195823-00196406 So what the dashboard shows is that what are the three
hh2PvE38rR0-00581-00196414-00197046 metrics that we're looking at and based off of the OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00582-00197046-00197310 good, and bad of them, what the metrics are.
hh2PvE38rR0-00583-00197313-00197451 Anything lower than 100 is good.
hh2PvE38rR0-00584-00197451-00197684 And between 100 and 250 is OK.
hh2PvE38rR0-00585-00197684-00197982 And anything above 250 is bad and needs to be fixed right now.
hh2PvE38rR0-00586-00198027-00198220 And the same thing for LCP and FID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00587-00198220-00198603 Now, I started with looking at averages of overall what
hh2PvE38rR0-00588-00198603-00199189 the metrics are and then next part would be an individual page,
hh2PvE38rR0-00589-00199189-00199599 what is the metric for each individual one.
hh2PvE38rR0-00590-00199599-00200181 Did the similar color scheme green, yellow, and red so that,
hh2PvE38rR0-00591-00200181-00200397 you know, OK this is good, OK, and bad.
hh2PvE38rR0-00592-00200451-00200812 For now, let's say we're looking at homepage as LCP is...
hh2PvE38rR0-00593-00200812-00201057 So this needs immediate fixing.
hh2PvE38rR0-00594-00201066-00201513 So as we said, LCP is the largest content paintful.
hh2PvE38rR0-00595-00201513-00201861 So it is important to kind of know what
hh2PvE38rR0-00596-00201861-00202026 elements of this page need to be fixed.
hh2PvE38rR0-00597-00202026-00202347 So here we're checking issues.
hh2PvE38rR0-00598-00202449-00202815 The LCP for the home page comes from this specific element,
hh2PvE38rR0-00599-00202815-00203208 the intro header, and this is the URL for this image.
hh2PvE38rR0-00600-00203208-00203508 It's causing the problem for the home page.
hh2PvE38rR0-00601-00203550-00203793 We do have another one for signup that's causing issues.
hh2PvE38rR0-00602-00203793-00204099 So those are like the first two steps to kind of fix
hh2PvE38rR0-00603-00204099-00204442 the LCP for those two pages and then you're back on point.
hh2PvE38rR0-00604-00204442-00204759 We can look at the same thing for the CLS, the content shift.
hh2PvE38rR0-00605-00204759-00205002 We are seeing which elements are moving around
hh2PvE38rR0-00606-00205002-00205469 on the page a lot and then FID is...
hh2PvE38rR0-00607-00205469-00205837 on which pages FIDs are slow and if there's any,
hh2PvE38rR0-00608-00205837-00205994 what are the interactions and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00609-00206339-00206657 I know I kind of ran through this quickly, but I did want to leave a lot
hh2PvE38rR0-00610-00206657-00206984 of time for questions because I have a feeling that there will be.
hh2PvE38rR0-00611-00206984-00207034 Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-00612-00207146-00207452 SPEAKER: So how much emphasis do you think that Google
hh2PvE38rR0-00613-00207452-00207608 is putting on those three metrics?
hh2PvE38rR0-00614-00207608-00208055 And what if you had to, like, say, like is it a part of your
hh2PvE38rR0-00615-00208055-00208250 search engine rankings and how well your site's performing,
hh2PvE38rR0-00616-00208250-00208537 et cetera, like, how much emphasis are they putting on that?
hh2PvE38rR0-00617-00208538-00208837 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: So basically all the emphasis is on them when it comes to speed.
hh2PvE38rR0-00618-00208838-00209204 So for such search engine optimization, it's a topic on its own.
hh2PvE38rR0-00619-00209204-00209630 But when they say sites speed should be this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00620-00209630-00209952 it's basically referencing one of those three metrics, mostly LCP,
hh2PvE38rR0-00621-00209952-00210437 a largest content paintful because it's the easiest fix and it's
hh2PvE38rR0-00622-00210437-00210725 the biggest issue where we're like users actually see this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00623-00210740-00211294 Others I've talked to users when we fix them CLS and FID and we're like,
hh2PvE38rR0-00624-00211294-00211402 "I didn't notice that change."
hh2PvE38rR0-00625-00211402-00211817 But the LCP because you see it loading, it's very important for them.
hh2PvE38rR0-00626-00211901-00212208 And I've seen this and it affects your ranking on Google.
hh2PvE38rR0-00627-00212208-00212369 And Bing and other search engines,
hh2PvE38rR0-00628-00212369-00212726 I'm not sure how much of a change it does
hh2PvE38rR0-00629-00212726-00213083 because they focus more on keywords and the type of content and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00630-00213094-00213476 But for site speed, Google definitely wants you to improve that speed.
hh2PvE38rR0-00631-00213556-00213556 SPEAKER: Ok.
hh2PvE38rR0-00632-00213556-00213776 And I have one other really high-level question.
hh2PvE38rR0-00633-00213776-00214301 So in this, I don't know if it's worth mentioning the way that
hh2PvE38rR0-00634-00214301-00214678 the GA4 is collecting data because it's very different than UA.
hh2PvE38rR0-00635-00214679-00215030 So it's collecting data in three or four different ways
hh2PvE38rR0-00636-00215030-00215387 depending on how you set it up, signed in Google users,
hh2PvE38rR0-00637-00215408-00215621 all of the data that they used to collect as far as
hh2PvE38rR0-00638-00215621-00215888 the fact that you can't see it says, you know, unknown.
hh2PvE38rR0-00639-00215954-00216248 You know, that's the reason why they're collecting
hh2PvE38rR0-00640-00216248-00216548 data differently now is because they can't know
hh2PvE38rR0-00641-00216548-00216836 a lot of that because of the issues that when people
hh2PvE38rR0-00642-00216836-00217088 say opting out of collecting data, right?
hh2PvE38rR0-00643-00217165-00217165 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00644-00217165-00217382 SPEAKER: So there's all these reasons why also the ways
hh2PvE38rR0-00645-00217382-00217577 that they're collecting data is different now.
hh2PvE38rR0-00646-00217682-00218216 So I guess, you know, given that that question, my next question is,
hh2PvE38rR0-00647-00218216-00218548 is there another analytics platform that people are using now?
hh2PvE38rR0-00648-00218564-00218956 We've all been using Google Analytics for the last 15, 20 years,
hh2PvE38rR0-00649-00218956-00219366 you know, are people looking at other platforms?
hh2PvE38rR0-00650-00219366-00219764 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: From the clients I've worked with very few.
hh2PvE38rR0-00651-00219764-00219986 So mostly what I've seen is like Google
hh2PvE38rR0-00652-00219986-00220355 still holds a big chunk of the market,
hh2PvE38rR0-00653-00220367-00220621 but there are other platforms popping up,
hh2PvE38rR0-00654-00220658-00221057 mainly used in Europe for GDPR reasons.
hh2PvE38rR0-00655-00221057-00221467 So there is a platform called Piwik PRO (UNKNOWN)
hh2PvE38rR0-00656-00221467-00221767 where basically it does not do session-based
hh2PvE38rR0-00657-00221767-00222089 tracking it hashes a user ID and then
hh2PvE38rR0-00658-00222089-00222344 deletes it when the user signs off.
hh2PvE38rR0-00659-00222344-00222598 So every time a new user comes in,
hh2PvE38rR0-00660-00222598-00222863 it's a new user with a different hashed ID.
hh2PvE38rR0-00661-00222875-00223171 And according to GDPR, as long as that
hh2PvE38rR0-00662-00223171-00223385 is not saved anywhere, you're fine.
hh2PvE38rR0-00663-00223388-00223681 So there is those types of platforms coming in with more privacy-focus.
hh2PvE38rR0-00664-00223821-00224242 The reason why people still opt in for Google
hh2PvE38rR0-00665-00224242-00224438 Analytics and I don't see them leaving
hh2PvE38rR0-00666-00224438-00224621 Google Analytics is because of the connections
hh2PvE38rR0-00667-00224621-00224948 with Google ads or ads platforms
hh2PvE38rR0-00668-00224975-00225305 or mostly remarketing and marketing tools
hh2PvE38rR0-00669-00225398-00225598 because of how easy it is to kind
hh2PvE38rR0-00670-00225598-00226278 of connect Google Analytics to Google Ads or Google 360 Display Video.
hh2PvE38rR0-00671-00226278-00226658 All this makes the user want to use GA4 because
hh2PvE38rR0-00672-00226658-00226853 it's just easier rather than figuring out
hh2PvE38rR0-00673-00226853-00227180 how to collect this data exported and put it
hh2PvE38rR0-00674-00227180-00227432 into those ads and ads tools and so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-00675-00227525-00227714 Also, now Salesforce is jumping on the mix.
hh2PvE38rR0-00676-00227714-00228131 There's a lot of integrations between Salesforce and Google Analytics,
hh2PvE38rR0-00677-00228131-00228365 and a lot of the enterprises use Salesforce heavily.
hh2PvE38rR0-00678-00228365-00228704 So it's easy to connect Salesforce data with Google Analytics data
hh2PvE38rR0-00679-00228704-00229183 and do their customization and then personalized marketing stuff.
hh2PvE38rR0-00680-00229183-00229552 Yes, let's start with you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00681-00229765-00229819 SPEAKER: OK. Great job, by the way.
hh2PvE38rR0-00682-00229963-00230458 I was always a Lighthouse fan to inspect some of those values.
hh2PvE38rR0-00683-00230458-00230836 And then just getting hip recently to PageSpeed Insights.
hh2PvE38rR0-00684-00230836-00231294 And I understand the difference was where Lighthouse is
hh2PvE38rR0-00685-00231294-00231749 lab-only data in perfect conditions that they've set,
hh2PvE38rR0-00686-00231749-00232003 PageSpeed Insights is a combination of
hh2PvE38rR0-00687-00232003-00232282 the lab and the real-world Chrome user data.
hh2PvE38rR0-00688-00232306-00232573 And so the values are different in that way.
hh2PvE38rR0-00689-00232573-00232891 But I like the way that PageSpeed Insights reports it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00690-00232891-00233092 When you were showing those values something I didn't
hh2PvE38rR0-00691-00233092-00233380 understand and then they found in another Google blog
hh2PvE38rR0-00692-00233380-00233863 was under Chrome Developer Tools because the Chrome UX CrUX report,
hh2PvE38rR0-00693-00233863-00234061 which is a lot like PageSpeed Insights.
hh2PvE38rR0-00694-00234171-00234272 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Yes. This is all based off the CrUX.
hh2PvE38rR0-00695-00234348-00234580 I thought so because what you're not showing is that
hh2PvE38rR0-00696-00234580-00234948 SPEAKER: CrUX. different experience between mobile and desktop.
hh2PvE38rR0-00697-00235000-00235248 As PageSpeed Insights breaks it down between those
hh2PvE38rR0-00698-00235248-00235456 two and you can get very different scores.
hh2PvE38rR0-00699-00235498-00235830 Something is read on mobile but not desktop of course.
hh2PvE38rR0-00700-00235830-00235880 So-
hh2PvE38rR0-00701-00235911-00236116 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: So I don't wanna jump too deep into this topic,
hh2PvE38rR0-00702-00236116-00236318 but based off of exactly I heard,
hh2PvE38rR0-00703-00236318-00236557 the parameters you can send them with the events.
hh2PvE38rR0-00704-00236557-00236825 And also this is automatically done by Google,
hh2PvE38rR0-00705-00236825-00237040 like telling you, this is desktop, tablet, or mobile.
hh2PvE38rR0-00706-00237058-00237346 You can split the data into all three.
hh2PvE38rR0-00707-00237500-00237514 SPEAKER: I'm sure you can. Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00708-00237514-00237746 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: So you can see if it's mostly your...
hh2PvE38rR0-00709-00237746-00237940 of course, this is all web experience.
hh2PvE38rR0-00710-00237958-00238172 So you can basically say, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00711-00238172-00238546 I wanna focus on mobiles and types of mobile devices,
hh2PvE38rR0-00712-00238546-00238966 maybe a Samsung Galaxy S4 from way back in the day,
hh2PvE38rR0-00713-00238966-00239512 loads the site in different speeds and different values come in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00714-00239512-00240016 And that's why there's an increase in FID or increase in LCP.
hh2PvE38rR0-00715-00240100-00240316 It's spiking because this specific device,
hh2PvE38rR0-00716-00240316-00240751 people are allowed to sign in to the website and it's causing all this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00717-00240751-00241051 So there is a lot of ways you can kind of slice
hh2PvE38rR0-00718-00241051-00241327 and dice information to kind of dig deeper.
hh2PvE38rR0-00719-00241327-00241623 And the difference between this and Lighthouse
hh2PvE38rR0-00720-00241623-00242086 or PageSpeed Insights is that it's per user,
hh2PvE38rR0-00721-00242086-00242399 per page information and it's like the rawest of raw data.
hh2PvE38rR0-00722-00242399-00242796 Whereas PageSpeed Insights and Lighthouse, Lighthouse, as you said,
hh2PvE38rR0-00723-00242796-00243004 perfect conditions and it just combines all
hh2PvE38rR0-00724-00243004-00243163 this information averages out for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00725-00243163-00243417 And maybe it does break it down per page,
hh2PvE38rR0-00726-00243417-00243664 but it's just an average of perfect conditions,
hh2PvE38rR0-00727-00243664-00243853 this is what you should expect.
hh2PvE38rR0-00728-00243880-00244071 The same thing with PageSpeed Insights,
hh2PvE38rR0-00729-00244071-00244309 where it looks through all the pages on
hh2PvE38rR0-00730-00244309-00244533 the site gives you an average and says,
hh2PvE38rR0-00731-00244533-00245024 OK, this is the average total and this is a problem page.
hh2PvE38rR0-00732-00245024-00245269 But with this, you have access to the raw data.
hh2PvE38rR0-00733-00245269-00245491 So there's a lot more information you can do and kind
hh2PvE38rR0-00734-00245491-00245708 of a lot more insights you can grab out of it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00735-00245708-00245758 Bec-
hh2PvE38rR0-00736-00245868-00245918 SPEAKER: It's also historical because-
hh2PvE38rR0-00737-00245972-00246004 Yes. HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: ...because also historical.
hh2PvE38rR0-00738-00246004-00246067 SPEAKER: Yeah, exactly.
hh2PvE38rR0-00739-00246115-00246340 So when you see combined scores like that,
hh2PvE38rR0-00740-00246340-00246748 is that just taking the average between everything, all the devices?
hh2PvE38rR0-00741-00246826-00246859 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Yeah, it is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00742-00246859-00247171 And we can build filters, kind of like break it down based on device.
hh2PvE38rR0-00743-00247171-00247450 But for the purposes of this presentation
hh2PvE38rR0-00744-00247450-00247708 and I only had an hour so I couldn't go deep,
hh2PvE38rR0-00745-00247708-00248104 but we can break this down into, like, per-user level.
hh2PvE38rR0-00746-00248121-00248293 SPEAKER: We use the CrUX thing for that.
hh2PvE38rR0-00747-00248293-00248360 OK.
hh2PvE38rR0-00748-00248360-00248444 Thank you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00749-00248596-00248685 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Let's... Yes, you're standing so.
hh2PvE38rR0-00750-00248969-00249207 SPEAKER: I'm a developer. The GA4 tool is owned by the (INAUDIBLE).
hh2PvE38rR0-00751-00249207-00249673 As a developer, one is, how do I know if I'm using GA4?
hh2PvE38rR0-00752-00249673-00249862 Two is how do I tell them to use GA4?
hh2PvE38rR0-00753-00250192-00250315 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: If they're not using GA4, I would go to
hh2PvE38rR0-00754-00250351-00250478 Leadership and tell them to fire them,
hh2PvE38rR0-00755-00250478-00250609 they're doing something wrong.
hh2PvE38rR0-00756-00250609-00250984 (LAUGHS) Google Analytics is important
hh2PvE38rR0-00757-00250984-00251141 overall and they're not using GA4,
hh2PvE38rR0-00758-00251141-00251319 they're going to be losing data.
hh2PvE38rR0-00759-00251319-00251737 So I would start off with the first slide of the timeline,
hh2PvE38rR0-00760-00251764-00251979 telling them, "July 1st is the deadline.
hh2PvE38rR0-00761-00251979-00252157 Use GA4 now." That's number one.
hh2PvE38rR0-00762-00252281-00252340 SPEAKER: How do I know though? HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: How do you know?
hh2PvE38rR0-00763-00252340-00252646 I'll show you something quickly.
hh2PvE38rR0-00764-00252667-00253178 SPEAKER: Ask the question. (CROSSTALK)
hh2PvE38rR0-00765-00253178-00253544 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: So this, it's called Google Tag Assistant Legacy.
hh2PvE38rR0-00766-00253544-00253915 If I enable it and load the page,
hh2PvE38rR0-00767-00253915-00254236 it tells you all the tags that are on the site.
hh2PvE38rR0-00768-00254237-00254625 And if you find anything called Global Site Tag or gtag.js,
hh2PvE38rR0-00769-00254625-00254923 that means you're using GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00770-00254923-00255182 That's how you know.
hh2PvE38rR0-00771-00255182-00255390 And if they don't use it, just call me up.
hh2PvE38rR0-00772-00255390-00255707 (LAUGHS) You have my LinkedIn, call me up, I'll talk to them for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00773-00255707-00255769 Alright.
hh2PvE38rR0-00774-00255769-00255827 Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00775-00255884-00256285 SPEAKER: How often do you check in with developers to verify and fix this?
hh2PvE38rR0-00776-00256285-00256616 Like, are you a part of that conversation or are you,
hh2PvE38rR0-00777-00256616-00257013 like how often would you recommend us as developers
hh2PvE38rR0-00778-00257013-00257310 to look at these and hand off for fixes?
hh2PvE38rR0-00779-00257422-00257745 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: It depends on how complex the site is and how complex
hh2PvE38rR0-00780-00257784-00258105 the analytical information that we need is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00781-00258135-00258446 There are times where I don't talk to developers at all
hh2PvE38rR0-00782-00258446-00258659 because I can do everything through Tag Manager.
hh2PvE38rR0-00783-00258659-00258834 So all I need from the developer is just
hh2PvE38rR0-00784-00258834-00259059 input this code snippet and we're good.
hh2PvE38rR0-00785-00259116-00259234 But when it comes to...
hh2PvE38rR0-00786-00259234-00259369 there are other parts (UNKNOWN).
hh2PvE38rR0-00787-00259369-00259782 I worked with a client where I had to basically become the developer.
hh2PvE38rR0-00788-00259807-00260259 I would build a whole documentation of, OK, put this snippet code,
hh2PvE38rR0-00789-00260259-00260646 send this function on that click, this is the information I need,
hh2PvE38rR0-00790-00260646-00260937 and we would check in on a regular basis because everything
hh2PvE38rR0-00791-00260937-00261109 needed to be done through the developers.
hh2PvE38rR0-00792-00261141-00261282 And it felt like...
hh2PvE38rR0-00793-00261282-00261681 I didn't wanna overwhelm them by letting them to
hh2PvE38rR0-00794-00261681-00261837 do all the research so we would work together.
hh2PvE38rR0-00795-00261837-00261995 Like, OK, this is what I found,
hh2PvE38rR0-00796-00261995-00262191 does this fit the code base that you're trying to do?
hh2PvE38rR0-00797-00262194-00262395 How can we improve this or clean up the code?
hh2PvE38rR0-00798-00262395-00262812 And there was a lot of back and forth and kind of collaboration there.
hh2PvE38rR0-00799-00262836-00263025 Of course, that was an expense of client hours,
hh2PvE38rR0-00800-00263025-00263196 so would not definitely recommend that,
hh2PvE38rR0-00801-00263196-00263643 but it's important to at least have a good
hh2PvE38rR0-00802-00263688-00263842 information meeting in the get-go,
hh2PvE38rR0-00803-00263842-00264123 setting the expectations and understanding what
hh2PvE38rR0-00804-00264123-00264306 the marketing needs or the analytics people needs.
hh2PvE38rR0-00805-00264309-00264486 I feel like there's always that disconnect
hh2PvE38rR0-00806-00264486-00264936 because we have like an initial point,
hh2PvE38rR0-00807-00264936-00265266 OK, yeah, we kicked off the project,
hh2PvE38rR0-00808-00265266-00265455 we know what needs to be done then we go.
hh2PvE38rR0-00809-00265455-00265600 And then we find out, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00810-00265600-00265902 this is not detailed enough or developers didn't
hh2PvE38rR0-00811-00265902-00266268 ask us the right questions or analytics didn't give us any information.
hh2PvE38rR0-00812-00266268-00266406 I know we do, ao I'm sorry.
hh2PvE38rR0-00813-00266571-00266951 So having that in a long meeting in the get-go,
hh2PvE38rR0-00814-00266951-00267168 just understanding all the requirements,
hh2PvE38rR0-00815-00267168-00267504 which helps define how many meetings do you
hh2PvE38rR0-00816-00267504-00267708 have and what kind of basis you need
hh2PvE38rR0-00817-00267708-00267923 to meet with the developers meet with
hh2PvE38rR0-00818-00267923-00268129 the marketing team or analytics team.
hh2PvE38rR0-00819-00268129-00268226 Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-00820-00268404-00268921 SPEAKER: Just to build on what that gentleman was saying about how can
hh2PvE38rR0-00821-00268921-00269006 you tell if a site is using GA4, can do that through inspect?
hh2PvE38rR0-00822-00269201-00269243 HASSAN ELBAYTAM|: Yes, you can.
hh2PvE38rR0-00823-00269243-00269405 So it is a bit more...
hh2PvE38rR0-00824-00269405-00269727 I don't like it, but there is a way.
hh2PvE38rR0-00825-00269727-00270176 Most of what I do is on Chrome,
hh2PvE38rR0-00826-00270176-00270523 but I think it can translate over to Firefox and Opera.
hh2PvE38rR0-00827-00270523-00270714 But if we go to network...
hh2PvE38rR0-00828-00270714-00270898 just gonna reload this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00829-00271065-00271233 And it just shows everything.
hh2PvE38rR0-00830-00271233-00271416 I already have this filter, so it's great.
hh2PvE38rR0-00831-00271464-00271647 Anything with collect...
hh2PvE38rR0-00832-00271647-00271805 here, let me see this...
hh2PvE38rR0-00833-00271805-00272133 no, I won't zoom this one, but.
hh2PvE38rR0-00834-00272301-00272577 SPEAKER: So anything with collect and V equals two.
hh2PvE38rR0-00835-00272646-00273221 This is basically the API call that the browser sends to GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00836-00273221-00273571 So you can see it's a collect and the version two, which is GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00837-00273571-00274649 And then you can see the second one, TID,
hh2PvE38rR0-00838-00274649-00275010 the ID of the Google Analytics property.
hh2PvE38rR0-00839-00275010-00275166 The G dash E something.
hh2PvE38rR0-00840-00275176-00275386 This is how you can see all the API call
hh2PvE38rR0-00841-00275386-00275618 that was sent from the browser to GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00842-00275748-00276523 SPEAKER: Is there anything you can find within the header code.
hh2PvE38rR0-00843-00276523-00276794 Like, maybe, you know how they make the UA.
hh2PvE38rR0-00844-00276794-00277119 There is a GTM equals UA or something like that.
hh2PvE38rR0-00845-00277119-00277618 SPEAKER: Yeah, so, there is but it depends on how Google Analytics was set up.
hh2PvE38rR0-00846-00277714-00278048 So you can find here, for example, I don't have,
hh2PvE38rR0-00847-00278048-00278287 I have Google Analytics set up to tag manager.
hh2PvE38rR0-00848-00278287-00278898 So I do find this script saying that good Google tag manager is there,
hh2PvE38rR0-00849-00278898-00279229 but that does tell you if GA4 is installed through tag manager or not.
hh2PvE38rR0-00850-00279334-00279526 There are times where, as you said,
hh2PvE38rR0-00851-00279538-00280027 there is a snippet of code built in the head element that tells you,
hh2PvE38rR0-00852-00280027-00280283 OK, this is connecting to Universal or GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00853-00280536-00280894 SPEAKER: Yeah, the easiest thing is that, the tag assistant.
hh2PvE38rR0-00854-00280906-00281187 It's just something you add to your browser
hh2PvE38rR0-00855-00281187-00281347 that takes just a couple of seconds to do.
hh2PvE38rR0-00856-00281351-00281618 SPEAKER: I'm interested to see if that's available on Firefox.
hh2PvE38rR0-00857-00281689-00281804 SPEAKER: It is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00858-00281884-00281934 SPEAKER: Oh, that's a good question.
hh2PvE38rR0-00859-00282353-00282398 SPEAKER: Oh, really?
hh2PvE38rR0-00860-00282398-00282481 SPEAKER: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00861-00282481-00282563 SPEAKER: OK.
hh2PvE38rR0-00862-00282692-00282765 SPEAKER: It's easy to do.
hh2PvE38rR0-00863-00282804-00283073 If you have access to their tag manager, you can see that immediately.
hh2PvE38rR0-00864-00283073-00283334 And that is not your responsibility as a developer.
hh2PvE38rR0-00865-00283334-00283523 Like somebody should be able to log into their
hh2PvE38rR0-00866-00283523-00283617 tag manager and see that there's...
hh2PvE38rR0-00867-00283707-00284014 SPEAKER: It is more like an upside.
hh2PvE38rR0-00868-00284014-00284238 Do you have GA4 installed?
hh2PvE38rR0-00869-00284336-00284412 SPEAKER: Yep. SPEAKER: I can see that you don't.
hh2PvE38rR0-00870-00284415-00284654 SPEAKER: I see, yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00871-00284654-00284900 SPEAKER: I apologize if I missed it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00872-00284903-00285305 I got in pretty late, which is not cool but because you said
hh2PvE38rR0-00873-00285305-00285506 in your first slide that you talked about a timeline.
hh2PvE38rR0-00874-00285533-00285918 Are they migrating users to GA4 automatically?
hh2PvE38rR0-00875-00285920-00286394 I saw at some point that they said they'd set up a GA4 property for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00876-00286619-00286665 SPEAKER: Yes. SPEAKER: It was bad.
hh2PvE38rR0-00877-00286665-00286843 The reception was bad. SPEAKER: You remember that communication?
hh2PvE38rR0-00878-00286843-00286893 SPEAKER: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00879-00286895-00286979 SPEAKER: And it's like, wait.
hh2PvE38rR0-00880-00287036-00287233 SPEAKER: So the whole point was and I'll show you,
hh2PvE38rR0-00881-00287233-00287381 I can show you an example of this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00882-00287405-00287828 The whole point was...
hh2PvE38rR0-00883-00287828-00288258 This is my empty Universal Analytics property.
hh2PvE38rR0-00884-00288258-00288711 And a lot of people did actually kind of already migrate.
hh2PvE38rR0-00885-00288711-00289670 But the problem was there is a specific setting in admin here.
hh2PvE38rR0-00886-00289670-00290147 Actually, sorry.
hh2PvE38rR0-00887-00290147-00291120 It's in admin here or they moved it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00888-00291120-00291194 No, no.
hh2PvE38rR0-00889-00291236-00291271 Here it is.
hh2PvE38rR0-00890-00291271-00291321 Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00891-00291392-00291545 This should say connected.
hh2PvE38rR0-00892-00291545-00292009 So even if you migrated but you do not connect this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00893-00292010-00292273 you got a message saying we will migrate for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00894-00292319-00292604 By migrate for you means we'll just create the property for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00895-00292714-00292781 SPEAKER: Create a property. SPEAKER: They didn't do anything.
hh2PvE38rR0-00896-00292877-00292892 SPEAKER: I validated. SPEAKER: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00897-00292892-00293090 So this is where, like, why are you sending me this?
hh2PvE38rR0-00898-00293090-00293221 I already created a GA4 property.
hh2PvE38rR0-00899-00293221-00293252 I migrated.
hh2PvE38rR0-00900-00293252-00293354 Why are you telling me?
hh2PvE38rR0-00901-00293354-00293765 It's because of this pesky little thing that all people didn't notice.
hh2PvE38rR0-00902-00293765-00294119 So that's why the reception of this was
hh2PvE38rR0-00903-00294119-00294382 really bad and Google kind of said,
hh2PvE38rR0-00904-00294382-00294581 oh, but you can opt out if you want to.
hh2PvE38rR0-00905-00294626-00294830 And then it was automatically already opted
hh2PvE38rR0-00906-00294830-00295016 out unless you opt in for us to migrate.
hh2PvE38rR0-00907-00295058-00295662 SPEAKER: Because we host and maintain a lot of our client sites and we often
hh2PvE38rR0-00908-00295662-00296108 at times install Google Analytics or GA4 now for ourselves
hh2PvE38rR0-00909-00296108-00296292 more than the client tracking their own
hh2PvE38rR0-00910-00296294-00296436 sales data or anything like that,
hh2PvE38rR0-00911-00296436-00296684 just to get the site core web vitals and whatnot.
hh2PvE38rR0-00912-00296848-00297230 And we're trying to kind of like have a discussion of, OK, to migrate,
hh2PvE38rR0-00913-00297230-00297533 you're not very interested in your own analytics but we want them.
hh2PvE38rR0-00914-00297533-00297758 But we also want to get paid for the effort
hh2PvE38rR0-00915-00297758-00297946 of going through and setting this up.
hh2PvE38rR0-00916-00297946-00298075 And it shouldn't take long but, you know,
hh2PvE38rR0-00917-00298076-00298334 you have to validate and test it in your hosting environments whatnot.
hh2PvE38rR0-00918-00298427-00298958 So I wasn't sure how much of that was going to carry over after July.
hh2PvE38rR0-00919-00299105-00299691 Do you have any advice or strategies for moving clients to GA4?
hh2PvE38rR0-00920-00299691-00299905 Is it something that you think should even
hh2PvE38rR0-00921-00299905-00300159 be charged to a client for upgrading them?
hh2PvE38rR0-00922-00300160-00300492 SPEAKER: We charge them already in bounty, so you can.
hh2PvE38rR0-00923-00300492-00300859 But it does need a structure.
hh2PvE38rR0-00924-00300895-00301167 So understanding how the measurement works in
hh2PvE38rR0-00925-00301167-00301450 GA4 can make it a bit easier how to migrate.
hh2PvE38rR0-00926-00301450-00301832 So one thing we do is we analyze all the events of our
hh2PvE38rR0-00927-00301832-00302228 client's Universal Analytics and kind of say, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00928-00302228-00302476 based off of what you're tracking, this is what we
hh2PvE38rR0-00929-00302476-00302686 recommend the event structure should look like.
hh2PvE38rR0-00930-00302698-00302776 This is the event name.
hh2PvE38rR0-00931-00302776-00303004 Those are parameters coming in.
hh2PvE38rR0-00932-00303004-00303593 Some sample values of what the event would look like fleshed out
hh2PvE38rR0-00933-00303593-00303921 and then we can start building that based off of what they already have.
hh2PvE38rR0-00934-00303921-00304168 Any triggers in tag manager, we build off of that.
hh2PvE38rR0-00935-00304213-00304351 If they use on site code,
hh2PvE38rR0-00936-00304351-00304516 we'll write the code for them and tell them, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00937-00304516-00304711 tell your developers this is what they should put in
hh2PvE38rR0-00938-00304711-00304941 place of Universal and kind of build from there.
hh2PvE38rR0-00939-00304941-00305380 But it's something that clients do look for especially if they
hh2PvE38rR0-00940-00305380-00305602 use Universal Analytics and understand the value of it,
hh2PvE38rR0-00941-00305602-00305860 they would definitely jump on board to kind of migrate.
hh2PvE38rR0-00942-00305936-00306046 SPEAKER: Can I just add to that really quick?
hh2PvE38rR0-00943-00306046-00306362 So the very first step of setting this up takes ten minutes.
hh2PvE38rR0-00944-00306362-00306858 So, I guess, the way that we did it is we said
hh2PvE38rR0-00945-00306900-00307041 we're going to take ten minutes and we're
hh2PvE38rR0-00946-00307041-00307194 going to set this up for you and then we're
hh2PvE38rR0-00947-00307194-00307448 going to analyze it just like you said,
hh2PvE38rR0-00948-00307448-00307721 and tell you all the things that you need to do and quote out for you
hh2PvE38rR0-00949-00307721-00307992 the amount of time that it will take for us to do the rest of it.
hh2PvE38rR0-00950-00308113-00308163 SPEAKER: Migrate goals.
hh2PvE38rR0-00951-00308219-00308471 SPEAKER: Migrate goals, set up events, because there's a lot that, like,
hh2PvE38rR0-00952-00308471-00308679 that was one of the big changes too with this
hh2PvE38rR0-00953-00308679-00308958 was that they did it because, like you said,
hh2PvE38rR0-00954-00308958-00309195 it was very rigid and they were telling everybody
hh2PvE38rR0-00955-00309195-00309414 what was important to them instead of us saying,
hh2PvE38rR0-00956-00309414-00309696 these are the analytics that are important to us, right?
hh2PvE38rR0-00957-00309698-00310301 So we were able to say, hey, we're doing this ten minute task for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00958-00310302-00310414 That's how we did our upside.
hh2PvE38rR0-00959-00310416-00310583 We're just going to do this for you because
hh2PvE38rR0-00960-00310583-00310746 it takes ten minutes for us to do this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00961-00310746-00310843 And then we're going to say, hey,
hh2PvE38rR0-00962-00310843-00311061 it takes 5 hours or 20 hours for us to
hh2PvE38rR0-00963-00311061-00311202 do the rest of your events and goals.
hh2PvE38rR0-00964-00311246-00311490 And then whether or not they're in support or build,
hh2PvE38rR0-00965-00311502-00311670 we would either say like in the support side,
hh2PvE38rR0-00966-00311670-00311841 we would say like, hey, do you want to spend your hours
hh2PvE38rR0-00967-00311841-00312066 this month on this and we'll set it up for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-00968-00312083-00312213 That's very kind of how we handle that.
hh2PvE38rR0-00969-00312279-00312405 SPEAKER: Just to add to that, I mean,
hh2PvE38rR0-00970-00312405-00312669 we're operating under the assumption that everything
hh2PvE38rR0-00971-00312669-00313151 in Google tag manager has always have to be rebuilt for GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00972-00313151-00313293 SPEAKER: Not everything.
hh2PvE38rR0-00973-00313317-00313410 Not necessarily.
hh2PvE38rR0-00974-00313410-00313849 So, just as one of these, this example is only GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-00975-00313849-00314229 But one thing we do for clients is that they already have an event
hh2PvE38rR0-00976-00314229-00314642 being sent based off of this specific trigger, like CE - Signup.
hh2PvE38rR0-00977-00314642-00315008 We just use the same trigger for a different tag.
hh2PvE38rR0-00978-00315008-00315177 So basically we're just rebuilding that
hh2PvE38rR0-00979-00315177-00315423 one tag and putting in the information.
hh2PvE38rR0-00980-00315423-00315681 It's the same variables and the same triggers,
hh2PvE38rR0-00981-00315681-00315879 it's just the tag that's sending to
hh2PvE38rR0-00982-00315879-00316065 a different property that's different.
hh2PvE38rR0-00983-00316200-00316344 SPEAKER: So, another way of restating that is
hh2PvE38rR0-00984-00316344-00316572 the tags in general have to be rebuilt.
hh2PvE38rR0-00985-00316572-00316622 SPEAKER: Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-00986-00316746-00316894 Unless there's something completely different
hh2PvE38rR0-00987-00316894-00317016 that you want to do for tracking.
hh2PvE38rR0-00988-00317016-00317396 But if it's just migrating one event per event then
hh2PvE38rR0-00989-00317396-00317914 this is basically you're just rebuilding the tag.
hh2PvE38rR0-00990-00318080-00318236 SPEAKER: So like the dashboard, right?
hh2PvE38rR0-00991-00318236-00318528 So if you wanted to implement this,
hh2PvE38rR0-00992-00318528-00318820 can you compare this data with last year's data?
hh2PvE38rR0-00993-00318820-00318884 SPEAKER: Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-00994-00319121-00319187 Where did it go?
hh2PvE38rR0-00995-00319598-00319704 Oh, I didn't put it in?
hh2PvE38rR0-00996-00319704-00319818 But yes, you can.
hh2PvE38rR0-00997-00319823-00320109 Basically, it's just a checkbox where you chose you, OK,
hh2PvE38rR0-00998-00320109-00320442 a week ago or last year it was this, and now it's this.
hh2PvE38rR0-00999-00320442-00320730 You can see, like, it hasn't improved, not increased,
hh2PvE38rR0-01000-00320730-00320913 decreased, better or worse, so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-01001-00320943-00321336 So there is a lot you can do with those types of dashboards
hh2PvE38rR0-01002-00321336-00321606 and a lot of filtering that could be built in.
hh2PvE38rR0-01003-00321606-00321855 Again, for the sake of just presentation,
hh2PvE38rR0-01004-00321855-00322210 kind of getting to understand the concept of how it can be used.
hh2PvE38rR0-01005-00322210-00322450 It's very simplistic of what I did.
hh2PvE38rR0-01006-00322450-00322830 But basically there's a lot more you can do with this data
hh2PvE38rR0-01007-00322830-00323188 because you're collecting the raw data of this vitals.
hh2PvE38rR0-01008-00323321-00323508 So you're not depending on Google telling you what the data
hh2PvE38rR0-01009-00323508-00323883 is or lighthouse or so on, and perfect conditions.
hh2PvE38rR0-01010-00323883-00324273 This is real life data, real life raw data that's owned by you.
hh2PvE38rR0-01011-00324273-00324486 So you can do everything you can.
hh2PvE38rR0-01012-00324486-00324735 And it does not fall under GDPR or any
hh2PvE38rR0-01013-00324735-00324927 data privacies because anonymized.
hh2PvE38rR0-01014-00324927-00325069 So you're all good there.
hh2PvE38rR0-01015-00325069-00325196 Collect as much as you want.
hh2PvE38rR0-01016-00325290-00325494 SPEAKER: Have you been suggesting to your clients once
hh2PvE38rR0-01017-00325503-00325659 the migration is complete to disable
hh2PvE38rR0-01018-00325659-00325788 their own property or you let them run
hh2PvE38rR0-01019-00325788-00325923 in parallel until the end of July?
hh2PvE38rR0-01020-00326007-00326546 SPEAKER: Let them run parallel because you need to kind of see if,
hh2PvE38rR0-01021-00326546-00326790 because one thing is you'll find that there
hh2PvE38rR0-01022-00326790-00326992 is a difference of numbers in the metrics,
hh2PvE38rR0-01023-00326992-00327146 certain number of sessions and number of
hh2PvE38rR0-01024-00327146-00327440 users and so on in Universal versus GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-01025-00327440-00327729 If you see that the difference is between five,
hh2PvE38rR0-01026-00327729-00327936 six percent, that's fine.
hh2PvE38rR0-01027-00327936-00328092 If you see the difference of 20%,
hh2PvE38rR0-01028-00328092-00328417 there's something wrong either in Universal or GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-01029-00328417-00328803 So this is kind of, most probably it's GA4.
hh2PvE38rR0-01030-00328803-00329203 So this at least helps you kind of debug and see any fix,
hh2PvE38rR0-01031-00329203-00329604 any issues that pop up before the cutoff.
hh2PvE38rR0-01032-00329604-00329829 And then you have the data already there.
hh2PvE38rR0-01033-00329835-00330114 Now the question that should be asked and Google
hh2PvE38rR0-01034-00330114-00330336 should answer is will the data go away?
hh2PvE38rR0-01035-00330363-00330693 Like can we utilize the data from Universal Analytics or
hh2PvE38rR0-01036-00330759-00331260 will it stay there just we can extract reports or not?
hh2PvE38rR0-01037-00331260-00331561 It is still very unclear about how this will happen.
hh2PvE38rR0-01038-00331561-00331914 We might get a definite answer by next year, July,
hh2PvE38rR0-01039-00331914-00332171 that's when the 360s enterprise properties will be cut off.
hh2PvE38rR0-01040-00332171-00332451 So maybe by then we'll have a more solid answer of
hh2PvE38rR0-01041-00332451-00332628 what happened with the Universal Analytics data.
hh2PvE38rR0-01042-00332628-00333012 But for now, it's side by side up until the cutoff just so that you
hh2PvE38rR0-01043-00333012-00333348 can have something to fall back on if GA4 fails for any reason.
hh2PvE38rR0-01044-00333654-00333765 Any other questions?
hh2PvE38rR0-01045-00333864-00333914 Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-01046-00333975-00334156 SPEAKER: Is there anything you could do proactively
hh2PvE38rR0-01047-00334156-00334213 for data retention off the grid?
hh2PvE38rR0-01048-00334517-00334621 SPEAKER: Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-01049-00334694-00334996 If you're using the standard one, then I would say if there's
hh2PvE38rR0-01050-00334996-00335323 reports that you know are being used regularly,
hh2PvE38rR0-01051-00335323-00335833 just start exporting those reports, historical reports rather.
hh2PvE38rR0-01052-00335833-00336170 Like, you know, last month, last two months, last three months, so on.
hh2PvE38rR0-01053-00336170-00336776 Saving them in a CSV file or saving them in any cloud hosting.
hh2PvE38rR0-01054-00336776-00337119 Some BigQuery-like platform.
hh2PvE38rR0-01055-00337119-00337646 As at least you have or you own this data and it
hh2PvE38rR0-01056-00337646-00337940 won't be lost when UA eventually is wiped out.
hh2PvE38rR0-01057-00338138-00338327 If you're using enterprise and there's a connection
hh2PvE38rR0-01058-00338327-00338687 between Universal Analytics and BigQuery
hh2PvE38rR0-01059-00338687-00338867 that you can utilize and just export everything
hh2PvE38rR0-01060-00338867-00339515 for the past 30, no, 18 months.
hh2PvE38rR0-01061-00339551-00339608 18 months.
hh2PvE38rR0-01062-00339629-00339726 For a year and a half.
hh2PvE38rR0-01063-00339728-00340283 So that gives you a somewhat year data that
hh2PvE38rR0-01064-00340283-00340658 you can look back on and kind of compare.
hh2PvE38rR0-01065-00340751-00341126 There are tools that are paid that you can connect
hh2PvE38rR0-01066-00341126-00341293 to the standard Universal Analytics
hh2PvE38rR0-01067-00341293-00341519 and you get similar exports to what you
hh2PvE38rR0-01068-00341519-00341657 would get from the enterprise one.
hh2PvE38rR0-01069-00341768-00342021 It uses the API and just flattens out the tables for you.
hh2PvE38rR0-01070-00342023-00342335 So there are different ways you can you can go about it.
hh2PvE38rR0-01071-00342335-00342601 The simplest, not the simplest, the most time
hh2PvE38rR0-01072-00342601-00342869 consuming but cheapest one is you figuring
hh2PvE38rR0-01073-00342869-00343040 out what the reports that are being used
hh2PvE38rR0-01074-00343040-00343232 and just export historical data from there.
hh2PvE38rR0-01075-00343445-00343542 SPEAKER: All the way back to the beginning,
hh2PvE38rR0-01076-00343542-00343801 we talked about that churn data point.
hh2PvE38rR0-01077-00343801-00344184 What's an example of, have you seen marketing
hh2PvE38rR0-01078-00344184-00344641 implemented to stop or, yeah, stop the churn?
hh2PvE38rR0-01079-00344821-00344956 SPEAKER: Stop the churn.
hh2PvE38rR0-01080-00344956-00345019 Well, that's...
hh2PvE38rR0-01081-00345266-00345271 SPEAKER: Or improve it.
hh2PvE38rR0-01082-00345271-00345506 Like if you've seen a high number and you're like, oh, that's bad.
hh2PvE38rR0-01083-00345506-00345726 What did they do to help that?
hh2PvE38rR0-01084-00345767-00345948 SPEAKER: So churn is inevitable.
hh2PvE38rR0-01085-00346044-00346290 No matter how good your marketing campaign is
hh2PvE38rR0-01086-00346290-00346518 or marketing workers, there will be churn.
hh2PvE38rR0-01087-00346536-00346817 It's just how big of a percent it is.
hh2PvE38rR0-01088-00346817-00346989 50% churn like every month is you're
hh2PvE38rR0-01089-00346989-00347442 losing 50% and buying 50% new users.
hh2PvE38rR0-01090-00347460-00347730 Then that's an issue because that's a waste of marketing dollars.
hh2PvE38rR0-01091-00347781-00348102 The lower the better but there's no optimal like industry standard.
hh2PvE38rR0-01092-00348102-00348222 Anything above this number.
hh2PvE38rR0-01093-00348222-00348393 At least I haven't heard of it.
hh2PvE38rR0-01094-00348465-00348939 What usually I've done over the years is basically coupons.
hh2PvE38rR0-01095-00348939-00349464 We send out, we know that this section based off
hh2PvE38rR0-01096-00349464-00349683 of some machine learning algorithm we put in,
hh2PvE38rR0-01097-00349683-00350006 it says, oh, this group might be falling off and turning off.
hh2PvE38rR0-01098-00350007-00350107 We send them a coupon.
hh2PvE38rR0-01099-00350107-00350412 And you might see this if you sign up to a lot of, like I do,
hh2PvE38rR0-01100-00350415-00350737 sign up to a lot of e-commerce websites or SaaS websites.
hh2PvE38rR0-01101-00350737-00351121 When they notice that you might be canceling, they'd say, oh,
hh2PvE38rR0-01102-00351121-00351384 next month is on us or here is 20% off
hh2PvE38rR0-01103-00351384-00351747 your next jeans and stuff like that.
hh2PvE38rR0-01104-00351747-00352158 This is based off of the recommendations that come from the churn metric
hh2PvE38rR0-01105-00352206-00352659 or the backend machine learning models that marketing teams deploy.
hh2PvE38rR0-01106-00352850-00353014 SPEAKER: Based on that too, do you look at what people leave
hh2PvE38rR0-01107-00353014-00353308 in their cart and abandoned cart and stuff?
hh2PvE38rR0-01108-00353659-00354020 SPEAKER: Yes. That, it depends on the business.
hh2PvE38rR0-01109-00354029-00354407 I've worked with NGOs that build their
hh2PvE38rR0-01110-00354407-00354647 donation funnel as an e-commerce site.
hh2PvE38rR0-01111-00354647-00355070 So adding to cart, like I add $5 to this cause
hh2PvE38rR0-01112-00355070-00355314 and $10 to that cause adding to cart.
hh2PvE38rR0-01113-00355314-00355685 So there I collected this information and what is
hh2PvE38rR0-01114-00355685-00355868 being added to cart and then not checked out.
hh2PvE38rR0-01115-00355868-00356093 And based off of that try to connect if,
hh2PvE38rR0-01116-00356093-00356477 they didn't have a login feature so I would send
hh2PvE38rR0-01117-00356477-00356768 the Google client ID to the backend and kind
hh2PvE38rR0-01118-00356768-00356983 of connect it to someone who donated before.
hh2PvE38rR0-01119-00356984-00357380 If it does, then I'd be like, we saw that you forgot this in your cart.
hh2PvE38rR0-01120-00357449-00357703 SPEAKER: They hated me for this because a lot of negative feedback.
hh2PvE38rR0-01121-00357704-00357824 How did you get my email?
hh2PvE38rR0-01122-00357836-00358046 But they ended up checking out in the end.
hh2PvE38rR0-01123-00358055-00358260 So this is one way I utilize it.
hh2PvE38rR0-01124-00358260-00358619 For e-commerce, it depends on if they're logged in,
hh2PvE38rR0-01125-00358619-00359028 not logged in and all that, it just gets a bit murky.
hh2PvE38rR0-01126-00359188-00359705 SPEAKER: Is there a specific nomenclature you use for parameter types?
hh2PvE38rR0-01127-00359864-00359942 SPEAKER: Yes.
hh2PvE38rR0-01128-00359942-00360253 The naming, snake case.
hh2PvE38rR0-01129-00360253-00360339 Yeah.
hh2PvE38rR0-01130-00360422-00360701 The recommendation by Google is just use snake case.
hh2PvE38rR0-01131-00360701-00361043 In Universal, it was camel case and I think someone changed
hh2PvE38rR0-01132-00361043-00361193 so that they changed the whole nomenclature.
hh2PvE38rR0-01133-00361193-00361587 So now we're thinking snake case.
hh2PvE38rR0-01134-00361587-00361753 Yes, it is time.
hh2PvE38rR0-01135-00361754-00361947 Thanks everyone for putting it up.
hh2PvE38rR0-01136-00361947-00362309 Appreciate your patience and I hope I didn't bore you.
hh2PvE38rR0-01137-00362309-00362359 (APPLAUSES)
ioiqqd4p8eg-00000-00000000-00000200 Hulk, Thanos, Super man toys
ioiqqd4p8eg-00001-00000200-00001423 Concreate mixer, Crane toys
ioiqqd4p8eg-00002-00001423-00002650 Animals toys Elephant, Lion, Tiger, Monkey, Rhino, Dinosaur
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00000-00007866-00008546 Good morning, mr, master, master or simply
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00001-00008646-00008946 or
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00002-00009046-00009758 simply David, yes David, why not David, David Lynch?
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00003-00009758-00010421 It's December 8th, 2022 and it's a Thursday.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00004-00010421-00011761 Here in Naples a middle practically late morning, they are 11:30, very still right now,
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00005-00011761-00012221 62.6 fahrenheit 17 celsius and this means that it's that day really, really, really,
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00006-00012221-00012321 really soft
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00007-00012321-00012475 like in these days and in this period.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00008-00012475-00013308 Yes as you know these are the standard degrees for this
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00009-00013308-00013546 period, in fact 16-17 celsius.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00010-00013546-00013969 Well, well considering also that however we're practically in
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00011-00013969-00014069 the Winter.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00012-00014069-00014661 So it's good that the degrees are still these.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00013-00014661-00015733 This afternoon, practically in half of an hour, I think that the temperature will be
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00014-00015733-00015833 the same,
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00015-00015833-00016480 obviously we aren't magicians or wizards on this point,
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00016-00016480-00017122 but the really important thing with this atmosphere is that in this moment and I think for
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00017-00017122-00017645 all the day we don't have those beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00018-00017645-00018170 I don't know if you see:
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00019-00018170-00019089 Yes a middle atmosphere but mostly cloud, gray cloudy, all gray cloudy and I think it
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00020-00019089-00019189 also could
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00021-00019189-00020154 rain in the next hours because tonight was raining, in fact there are signs of rain.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00022-00020154-00020444 Bad, so said this:
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00023-00020444-00020873 so from the mythical window with the new gray courtain, since November 1st,
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00024-00020873-00021175 and with these beautifully painted wavy branches
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00025-00021175-00021275 and as regards the window its green roller shooter, not visible in this period and in
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00026-00021275-00022011 fact here in the shot
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00027-00022011-00022790 and finally from my mythical keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG, YPG-625
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00028-00023190-00023509 Have a great day to him, all the people who follow the channel and the Reports, yes
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00029-00023509-00024201 really a greeting to everyone, also to my brother and finally I hope you all have a
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00030-00024201-00024301 great
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00031-00024301-00024401 breakfast.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00032-00024401-00024609 I'll do it as soon, I'm really hungry.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00033-00024609-00024842 Breakfast is always one of the most beautiful
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00034-00024842-00025575 things in the life and in the world.
i1Hd2UFkCcY-00035-00025773-00026113 I'll see you tomorrow.
i4iVtdlwga0-00000-00000065-00002674 [00:00:24] There'll be days like this, and I need to stay until with the way life gets
i4iVtdlwga0-00001-00002674-00002774 in.
i4iVtdlwga0-00002-00002774-00003017 I may be wrong, but I may.
i4iVtdlwga0-00003-00003017-00003378 Ray Quig in the flesh keeps growing.
i4iVtdlwga0-00004-00003378-00003836 But the blessings keep me going was so.
i4iVtdlwga0-00005-00003836-00004944 [00:00:43] Well, what a world back again for the twenty twenty, welcome to an all new episode
i4iVtdlwga0-00006-00004944-00005070 of Hosted by Daeso.
i4iVtdlwga0-00007-00005070-00005287 We meet Yoho's Decent.
i4iVtdlwga0-00008-00005287-00005705 [00:00:53] And my guests at this time has been somebody I've been trying to get in here
i4iVtdlwga0-00009-00005705-00005854 since the ball dropped.
i4iVtdlwga0-00010-00005854-00006548 [00:00:58] When I say one of the hottest, hottest, hottest with a whole bunch of TS
i4iVtdlwga0-00011-00006548-00006964 artists coming up in New York City and hip hop in general, he's been setting the streets
i4iVtdlwga0-00012-00006964-00007175 ablaze with this whole life crisis series.
i4iVtdlwga0-00013-00007175-00007593 [00:01:12] He's just been all over the place giving you a good deal music.
i4iVtdlwga0-00014-00007593-00007923 [00:01:15] And he has this thing on it, being the youngest guest on this show, making me
i4iVtdlwga0-00015-00007923-00008040 feel incredibly old.
i4iVtdlwga0-00016-00008040-00008246 But that's another story for another time.
i4iVtdlwga0-00017-00008246-00008575 These gentlemen give it up for jihad.
i4iVtdlwga0-00018-00008575-00008820 The prince of New York.
i4iVtdlwga0-00019-00008820-00009109 [00:01:27] Oh, brother, man, and no cap.
i4iVtdlwga0-00020-00009109-00009209 That's what you could say, right?
i4iVtdlwga0-00021-00009209-00009309 No cat.
i4iVtdlwga0-00022-00009309-00009706 [00:01:32] He's trying to get you in here since you crossed my radar.
i4iVtdlwga0-00023-00009706-00009806 No.
i4iVtdlwga0-00024-00009806-00010138 Without even listening fully through to the first song, I was like.
i4iVtdlwga0-00025-00010138-00010277 This kid is amazing.
i4iVtdlwga0-00026-00010277-00010384 He's phenomenal.
i4iVtdlwga0-00027-00010384-00010815 So those who are familiar with you and shame on you for not telling people.
i4iVtdlwga0-00028-00010815-00010915 Look at the budgets of.
i4iVtdlwga0-00029-00010915-00011033 [00:01:49] I will watch J.R.
i4iVtdlwga0-00030-00011033-00011308 That's my first of my middle name put together.
i4iVtdlwga0-00031-00011308-00011415 To call me that.
i4iVtdlwga0-00032-00011415-00011634 That's how I came up with the name.
i4iVtdlwga0-00033-00011634-00011965 I grew up in Brooklyn Crown Heights, frankly, and to be specific.
i4iVtdlwga0-00034-00011965-00012093 I'm 18.
i4iVtdlwga0-00035-00012093-00012346 My birthday's this summer.
i4iVtdlwga0-00036-00012346-00012822 I released the project, the first project on my birthday.
i4iVtdlwga0-00037-00012822-00013376 And from there, just been out from there, you know, just the response, the feedback,
i4iVtdlwga0-00038-00013376-00013615 the just the amount of people that's tuned in.
i4iVtdlwga0-00039-00013615-00013843 Even if you for me, the whole world don't know yet.
i4iVtdlwga0-00040-00013843-00014004 A lot of people know.
i4iVtdlwga0-00041-00014004-00014299 So it's like we're getting there slowly but surely.
i4iVtdlwga0-00042-00014299-00014702 Sois is amazing for us one day to fears for a lot of flak.
i4iVtdlwga0-00043-00014702-00015082 Again, Tom, do that, but just wrapped up the tour too so.
i4iVtdlwga0-00044-00015082-00015434 Like I said, shots of the fans wouldn't be here without charge.
i4iVtdlwga0-00045-00015434-00015623 Is very thankful for you, Arthur.
i4iVtdlwga0-00046-00015623-00015979 [00:02:36] And as we talked about what can, your movement is definitely really, really
i4iVtdlwga0-00047-00015979-00016079 strong.
i4iVtdlwga0-00048-00016079-00016420 You definitely resonated with, you know, not just people from New York, young people from
i4iVtdlwga0-00049-00016420-00016528 New York as well.
i4iVtdlwga0-00050-00016528-00016738 So just wrap it, that's all.
i4iVtdlwga0-00051-00016738-00016840 What was that experience like?
i4iVtdlwga0-00052-00016840-00016948 [00:02:48] It was dope.
i4iVtdlwga0-00053-00016948-00017337 It was my second tour boom, our first headlining tour.
i4iVtdlwga0-00054-00017337-00017607 I was no longer allowed in the beginning, I was nervous.
i4iVtdlwga0-00055-00017607-00018062 I don't really know what to expect because, like, we had only had a two rehearsal days
i4iVtdlwga0-00056-00018062-00018601 and I was just going over the songs randomly talking to like I don't really have, like,
i4iVtdlwga0-00057-00018601-00018820 shit to fill in as far as like after each song.
i4iVtdlwga0-00058-00018820-00019184 [00:03:08] You I just got too, as far as like you guess Atlas.
i4iVtdlwga0-00059-00019184-00019569 [00:03:11] So talk about, you know, your projects, her life races.
i4iVtdlwga0-00060-00019569-00020481 Now when I hit play automatically, you know, I'm just like, did you know?
i4iVtdlwga0-00061-00020481-00020941 Because coming from New York, you know, me having this specific ear when it comes to
i4iVtdlwga0-00062-00020941-00021182 that body and you know how it resonates with me.
i4iVtdlwga0-00063-00021182-00021282 All right.
i4iVtdlwga0-00064-00021282-00021434 You definitely embody that.
i4iVtdlwga0-00065-00021434-00021951 And then I just went down the rabbit hole from near, jumped into your videos and Yuji's
i4iVtdlwga0-00066-00021951-00022339 pop in a mouth like I thought it was gonna stop at a certain point.
i4iVtdlwga0-00067-00022339-00022676 But no, I just kept going and going and going and going.
i4iVtdlwga0-00068-00022676-00023190 How do you find the time between touring, between being all over the place?
i4iVtdlwga0-00069-00023190-00023319 You've got a few interviews out there.
i4iVtdlwga0-00070-00023319-00023494 This one between all of that.
i4iVtdlwga0-00071-00023494-00023779 How do you find the time to only make dope music?
i4iVtdlwga0-00072-00023779-00024170 But I also put out these videos just like one after the other.
i4iVtdlwga0-00073-00024170-00024573 [00:04:01] It was really just a hunger to drive, like it was a point in time where,
i4iVtdlwga0-00074-00024573-00024902 like, I was I was I was desperate to get out there.
i4iVtdlwga0-00075-00024902-00025471 I was desperate to, like, really just show consistency and put pressure on people.
i4iVtdlwga0-00076-00025471-00025766 [00:04:15] I felt like there was one thing I lacked consistency.
i4iVtdlwga0-00077-00025766-00026014 And that's why I never got to where I wanted to be.
i4iVtdlwga0-00078-00026014-00026299 I'm there now because I absolutely believe that's one thing I never had.
i4iVtdlwga0-00079-00026299-00026663 So I'm just like, let me put pressure on people.
i4iVtdlwga0-00080-00026663-00026831 I'll not allow this pilot the longest.
i4iVtdlwga0-00081-00026831-00027062 I went without shooting a video bomb, more tossed stuff.
i4iVtdlwga0-00082-00027062-00027258 I guess I'll give myself a little break, Blake.
i4iVtdlwga0-00083-00027258-00027737 [00:04:33] I would hold the whole plane was just to put pressure on people who are falling
i4iVtdlwga0-00084-00027737-00027954 neck, make sure they know that we're not done.
i4iVtdlwga0-00085-00027954-00028066 And it's not just one record.
i4iVtdlwga0-00086-00028066-00028408 It's not just one video coming with a whole body work yet.
i4iVtdlwga0-00087-00028408-00028666 [00:04:44] So it does about the title Mid-life Crisis.
i4iVtdlwga0-00088-00028666-00029139 [00:04:47] It's funny, my cousin had told me this is party two years ago before I did
i4iVtdlwga0-00089-00029139-00029239 anything.
i4iVtdlwga0-00090-00029239-00029630 He had told me, go wash your planes and you're trying to do something with him.
i4iVtdlwga0-00091-00029630-00029977 The idea, he said, could leave crisis at first and it was close.
i4iVtdlwga0-00092-00029977-00030269 But then I was like, he just gave me the name, the cut the concept.
i4iVtdlwga0-00093-00030269-00030476 I really dug through it.
i4iVtdlwga0-00094-00030476-00030993 I came up with her life crisis because, like, I really I just wanted to put it out there
i4iVtdlwga0-00095-00030993-00031297 cause he he's responsible for the crisis, the concept.
i4iVtdlwga0-00096-00031297-00031894 But the Halab crisis, it got to me to play where I had a certain age where I realized
i4iVtdlwga0-00097-00031894-00032350 I'm not trying to stay on the streets and I'm not trying to be involved in what was
i4iVtdlwga0-00098-00032350-00032450 going on.
i4iVtdlwga0-00099-00032450-00032727 I hope it's going to there's going to state it is not going away.
i4iVtdlwga0-00100-00032727-00032827 No.
i4iVtdlwga0-00101-00032827-00032927 And I my age.
i4iVtdlwga0-00102-00032927-00033382 Well, try to do something bigger, something better on myself then, you know, midlife crisis
i4iVtdlwga0-00103-00033382-00033561 with the we believe in our young anymore.
i4iVtdlwga0-00104-00033561-00033952 [00:05:35] So for me, just yesterday, that was, again, another story.
i4iVtdlwga0-00105-00033952-00034187 [00:05:40] So for me.
i4iVtdlwga0-00106-00034187-00034540 Like, you know, I've realized I'm young and had to do something in my life.
i4iVtdlwga0-00107-00034540-00034903 I most wanted to stay here and I'll do anything in this film.
i4iVtdlwga0-00108-00034903-00035313 There's too many people that live their life and don't get to do anything with it.
i4iVtdlwga0-00109-00035313-00035690 They they lived their life the way other people want them to live and elect their is trying
i4iVtdlwga0-00110-00035690-00035790 to get by.
i4iVtdlwga0-00111-00035790-00036053 So give my life to the fullest, you know.
i4iVtdlwga0-00112-00036053-00036288 [00:05:59] You're recalling events, recalling situations.
i4iVtdlwga0-00113-00036288-00036606 Recall in an environment that made you as well.
i4iVtdlwga0-00114-00036606-00037006 So you're also bringing eyes and attention to the fact that you I don't want to stay
i4iVtdlwga0-00115-00037006-00037571 here, but at the same time, this is what maybe this is all I am is a huge part of why I am
i4iVtdlwga0-00116-00037571-00037687 is a man in his eyes.
i4iVtdlwga0-00117-00037687-00038081 Because if you look at all your visuals, they're setting, you know, in a lot of people may
i4iVtdlwga0-00118-00038081-00038272 feel like that's just like very one dimensional.
i4iVtdlwga0-00119-00038272-00038806 I don't think so, because if that's something that made you do something, nakedness conditions
i4iVtdlwga0-00120-00038806-00039293 you and now you're on his level where your rocket stages across the country and hopefully
i4iVtdlwga0-00121-00039293-00039425 the world is.
i4iVtdlwga0-00122-00039425-00039844 And, you know, and pretty soon people that know where you are, you're going to be a household
i4iVtdlwga0-00123-00039844-00039944 name.
i4iVtdlwga0-00124-00039944-00040044 You want to have that dynamic.
i4iVtdlwga0-00125-00040044-00040381 You want to have this, you know, sort of duality to you as you look.
i4iVtdlwga0-00126-00040381-00040481 Yeah, I am.
i4iVtdlwga0-00127-00040481-00040950 This up and coming young superstar who wants to chase his dreams and not be stag.
i4iVtdlwga0-00128-00040950-00041333 But at the same time, I'm also somebody who came from the streets, who knows what these
i4iVtdlwga0-00129-00041333-00041433 people are going to do.
i4iVtdlwga0-00130-00041433-00041573 Knows what you know.
i4iVtdlwga0-00131-00041573-00041744 It takes us about his own.
i4iVtdlwga0-00132-00041744-00041934 I could do what you can do this.
i4iVtdlwga0-00133-00041934-00042286 So it's definitely a great way to introduce yourself to the world.
i4iVtdlwga0-00134-00042286-00042640 It's also kind of be this sort of champion for the younger generation.
i4iVtdlwga0-00135-00042640-00042787 [00:07:06] That's kind of.
i4iVtdlwga0-00136-00042787-00043405 [00:07:08] And speaking of the younger generation, and I'm not going to get into how old I am,
i4iVtdlwga0-00137-00043405-00043646 but I am going to get into this game.
i4iVtdlwga0-00138-00043646-00044024 Now, the name of this game is called age appropriate.
i4iVtdlwga0-00139-00044024-00044771 [00:07:21] Now, I'm going to give you a list of things, and I want you to tell me what
i4iVtdlwga0-00140-00044771-00045033 age should you start doing these things?
i4iVtdlwga0-00141-00045033-00045159 Stop, stop, stop.
i4iVtdlwga0-00142-00045159-00045259 OK.
i4iVtdlwga0-00143-00045259-00045359 All right.
i4iVtdlwga0-00144-00045359-00045459 Ready?
i4iVtdlwga0-00145-00045459-00045559 Yeah.
i4iVtdlwga0-00146-00045559-00045659 At what age should you start playing 2k.
i4iVtdlwga0-00147-00045659-00046221 [00:07:36] I don't want your hairstyle working out for like when you catch arthritis.
i4iVtdlwga0-00148-00046221-00046493 I'm afraid to kaser is a universal sport.
i4iVtdlwga0-00149-00046493-00046678 [00:07:45] I mean, universal game.
i4iVtdlwga0-00150-00046678-00046790 Well, who cares?
i4iVtdlwga0-00151-00046790-00046974 We need our government in.
i4iVtdlwga0-00152-00046974-00047074 I don't.
i4iVtdlwga0-00153-00047074-00047652 If if your girlfriend has a party you have to play took the wrong person to be with.
i4iVtdlwga0-00154-00047652-00047752 Really.
i4iVtdlwga0-00155-00047752-00047905 I feel like two kids are responsible for our people's happiness.
i4iVtdlwga0-00156-00047905-00048299 [00:08:00] I don't want to see you as their problem here, babe.
i4iVtdlwga0-00157-00048299-00048591 To say that I said your act.
i4iVtdlwga0-00158-00048591-00048691 Right.
i4iVtdlwga0-00159-00048691-00049168 I believe if you let me play to K play to Kieser is a game where anybody could play
i4iVtdlwga0-00160-00049168-00049268 for you.
i4iVtdlwga0-00161-00049268-00049369 [00:08:12] Awesome.
i4iVtdlwga0-00162-00049369-00049469 Awesome.
i4iVtdlwga0-00163-00049469-00049569 Awesome.
i4iVtdlwga0-00164-00049569-00049669 OK.
i4iVtdlwga0-00165-00049669-00049802 When should you start trolling for social media.
i4iVtdlwga0-00166-00049802-00050162 [00:08:18] I think there's some people are known for trolling on social media.
i4iVtdlwga0-00167-00050162-00050279 That's all they're going to be known for.
i4iVtdlwga0-00168-00050279-00050678 But as far as like who doing it to get a response out of people who should never do that?
i4iVtdlwga0-00169-00050678-00050830 That's corny, in my opinion.
i4iVtdlwga0-00170-00050830-00051080 I never went on my way to hear somebody or talk.
i4iVtdlwga0-00171-00051080-00051459 Well, I may be trolled once or for sort of Wendy Williams situation.
i4iVtdlwga0-00172-00051459-00052094 [00:08:35] But, yeah, that's what you believe as a part of I was telling him.
i4iVtdlwga0-00173-00052094-00052420 [00:08:40] Besides that, I told in a positive way there's positive ways to troll.
i4iVtdlwga0-00174-00052420-00052672 I felt a lot of people trolling is cordial.
i4iVtdlwga0-00175-00052672-00052787 Hopefully we should do that.
i4iVtdlwga0-00176-00052787-00052887 That's not genuine.
i4iVtdlwga0-00177-00052887-00052990 [00:08:48] This will may be trigger.
i4iVtdlwga0-00178-00052990-00053191 It's a lot of people.
i4iVtdlwga0-00179-00053191-00053475 But no, it does do it.
i4iVtdlwga0-00180-00053475-00053745 [00:08:55] At what age should you start rapping?
i4iVtdlwga0-00181-00053745-00053905 If you have a mic.
i4iVtdlwga0-00182-00053905-00054373 [00:09:00] I fully give you your mid thirties and you still rap and grab it for 20 years.
i4iVtdlwga0-00183-00054373-00054551 Take it up and I will work for you.
i4iVtdlwga0-00184-00054551-00055064 [00:09:05] I think you should definitely maybe try to change me or become way, you know,
i4iVtdlwga0-00185-00055064-00055164 or something.
i4iVtdlwga0-00186-00055164-00055264 But it up.
i4iVtdlwga0-00187-00055264-00055499 I felt you should stop or let me change the subject.
i4iVtdlwga0-00188-00055499-00055599 Give you 35.
i4iVtdlwga0-00189-00055599-00055741 Talk about paying bills.
i4iVtdlwga0-00190-00055741-00056082 Associate midlife crisis or something has relevance here.
i4iVtdlwga0-00191-00056082-00056182 Age.
i4iVtdlwga0-00192-00056182-00056346 I don't want I don't want to hear you talking about.
i4iVtdlwga0-00193-00056346-00056448 Or I'm young.
i4iVtdlwga0-00194-00056448-00056639 I'll be doing this then.
i4iVtdlwga0-00195-00056639-00056845 There's also more stuff young people to know.
i4iVtdlwga0-00196-00056845-00056945 Oh.
i4iVtdlwga0-00197-00056945-00057342 [00:09:29] If you in your mid thirties and you haven't made it yet, you should put them
i4iVtdlwga0-00198-00057342-00057691 make down and start your own show on Baptist's.
i4iVtdlwga0-00199-00057691-00057791 Exactly.
i4iVtdlwga0-00200-00057791-00058048 So wrapped up body of work.
i4iVtdlwga0-00201-00058048-00058159 Just keep coming.
i4iVtdlwga0-00202-00058159-00058292 Videos keep coming.
i4iVtdlwga0-00203-00058292-00058779 Now, once again, you're just in the thick of getting your legs underneath you.
i4iVtdlwga0-00204-00058779-00058879 Where do you see yourself?
i4iVtdlwga0-00205-00058879-00059273 I'm only going to say in the next few years, because that's just like a really, really
i4iVtdlwga0-00206-00059273-00059373 broad question.
i4iVtdlwga0-00207-00059373-00059641 I feel like everybody ask a young artist.
i4iVtdlwga0-00208-00059641-00060115 Where do you see yourself at the end of this year, particularly because that's a more realistic
i4iVtdlwga0-00209-00060115-00060519 time span to kind of gauge everything that you've started this year and everything that
i4iVtdlwga0-00210-00060519-00060689 you probably want to accomplish by the end.
i4iVtdlwga0-00211-00060689-00061246 [00:10:07] I feel like if I could stay consistent, trap more music, I definitely will have a
i4iVtdlwga0-00212-00061246-00061346 bigger following.
i4iVtdlwga0-00213-00061346-00061747 I see myself maybe headlining way bigger toys, bigger venues.
i4iVtdlwga0-00214-00061747-00061955 I see myself growing mentally.
i4iVtdlwga0-00215-00061955-00062272 Besides, the music was nothing to talk about.
i4iVtdlwga0-00216-00062272-00062613 Music was all about me being a human being, which I am.
i4iVtdlwga0-00217-00062613-00062740 Personal life I have.
i4iVtdlwga0-00218-00062740-00063213 I see myself maturing, becoming a better person, a pop, more positive person mentally.
i4iVtdlwga0-00219-00063213-00063702 I want to be just going to help the world to are.
i4iVtdlwga0-00220-00063702-00063966 Hopefully I can have enough money where I donate to charity.
i4iVtdlwga0-00221-00063966-00064072 Still my own charity.
i4iVtdlwga0-00222-00064072-00064258 [00:10:41] Thank you.
i4iVtdlwga0-00223-00064258-00064665 2020 is probably everybody's 2020 at this point.
i4iVtdlwga0-00224-00064665-00064828 And once again, I'm in I'm a huge fan.
i4iVtdlwga0-00225-00064828-00065048 Everything that you're doing thus far.
i4iVtdlwga0-00226-00065048-00065148 Just keep doing.
i4iVtdlwga0-00227-00065148-00065248 Appreciate that.
i4iVtdlwga0-00228-00065248-00065348 You definitely have it.
i4iVtdlwga0-00229-00065348-00065448 You have the talent.
i4iVtdlwga0-00230-00065448-00065548 You have my say.
i4iVtdlwga0-00231-00065548-00065897 You definitely have the work ethic and all of those great things together.
i4iVtdlwga0-00232-00065897-00066104 Have amazing people like Sasha l.P.
i4iVtdlwga0-00233-00066104-00066412 Well, for like you gonna be all right in this industry.
i4iVtdlwga0-00234-00066412-00066582 Mergers do you and keep doing your thing.
i4iVtdlwga0-00235-00066582-00066989 But I tell you nothing that you already know because after all, I am old.
i4iVtdlwga0-00236-00066989-00067427 But gee, I thank you for starting the bar.
i4iVtdlwga0-00237-00067427-00067605 Where can people find you out on social media.
i4iVtdlwga0-00238-00067605-00067751 [00:11:16] Instagram, IMT period.
i4iVtdlwga0-00239-00067751-00067935 Are you on Facebook.
i4iVtdlwga0-00240-00067935-00068126 As my artist page.
i4iVtdlwga0-00241-00068126-00068226 Same thing.
i4iVtdlwga0-00242-00068226-00068326 You too.
i4iVtdlwga0-00243-00068326-00068426 Welcome, Jay.
i4iVtdlwga0-00244-00068426-00068526 Social media sites.
i4iVtdlwga0-00245-00068526-00068897 [00:11:25] Jay Jasen a bill that makes sure you go grab low prices.
i4iVtdlwga0-00246-00068897-00069354 Volume one and two out now or whatever you get your music from.
i4iVtdlwga0-00247-00069354-00069454 I'm your host.
i4iVtdlwga0-00248-00069454-00069554 Decent.
i4iVtdlwga0-00249-00069554-00069674 Thank you for joining me once again.
i4iVtdlwga0-00250-00069674-00070021 Another episode hosted by DECIRTE may show you subscribe to the Pop, this YouTube channel.
i4iVtdlwga0-00251-00070021-00070250 They sure you hit that little bell to be notified.
i4iVtdlwga0-00252-00070250-00070712 A brand new concept in checking out this lovely little shirt right here.
i4iVtdlwga0-00253-00070712-00070936 We are Mirch now, people.
i4iVtdlwga0-00254-00070936-00071357 Make sure you hit the link in the description and get you simple's of bodys emerge.
i4iVtdlwga0-00255-00071357-00071775 And whereby Kasota, Apple, Spotify, I hear radio.
i4iVtdlwga0-00256-00071775-00071983 [00:11:57] Make sure you listen here.
i4iVtdlwga0-00257-00071983-00072273 You can see the video.
i4iVtdlwga0-00258-00072273-00072749 Looking forward to 2020.
i4iVtdlwga0-00259-00072749-00073106 See you soon.
i4iVtdlwga0-00260-00073106-00073225 Is.
i4HSh6U9Vog-00000-00000000-00000384 so now we're going to expand on our
i4HSh6U9Vog-00001-00000176-00000568 example from before with having a
i4HSh6U9Vog-00002-00000384-00000783 function called another function
i4HSh6U9Vog-00003-00000568-00000984 and then let's add a single local
i4HSh6U9Vog-00004-00000783-00001312 variable to that other function
i4HSh6U9Vog-00005-00000984-00001583 so we're going to assign hex scalable to
i4HSh6U9Vog-00006-00001312-00001727 an integer i here's going to be the
i4HSh6U9Vog-00007-00001583-00001960 assembly for that
i4HSh6U9Vog-00008-00001727-00002224 but now in the class i'm going to start
i4HSh6U9Vog-00009-00001960-00002432 having you go through this assembly
i4HSh6U9Vog-00010-00002224-00002632 and see what's actually changing on the
i4HSh6U9Vog-00011-00002432-00002824 stack so that you can understand
i4HSh6U9Vog-00012-00002632-00003056 now for instance how variables are
i4HSh6U9Vog-00013-00002824-00003264 stored on the stack
i4HSh6U9Vog-00014-00003056-00003432 to do this you should go into your
i4HSh6U9Vog-00015-00003264-00003679 visual studio solution
i4HSh6U9Vog-00016-00003432-00003760 right click on single local variable and
i4HSh6U9Vog-00017-00003679-00004023 select
i4HSh6U9Vog-00018-00003760-00004176 set as startup project then when you go
i4HSh6U9Vog-00019-00004023-00004407 ahead and just start the debugger it
i4HSh6U9Vog-00020-00004176-00004584 will start that project
i4HSh6U9Vog-00021-00004407-00004800 so what i want you to do for this
i4HSh6U9Vog-00022-00004584-00005032 example this exercise
i4HSh6U9Vog-00023-00004800-00005168 is i want you to step through this line
i4HSh6U9Vog-00024-00005032-00005439 right here which is where
i4HSh6U9Vog-00025-00005168-00005639 scalable gets assigned to i and i want
i4HSh6U9Vog-00026-00005439-00005792 you to draw a stack diagram
i4HSh6U9Vog-00027-00005639-00005944 for what all changes throughout the
i4HSh6U9Vog-00028-00005792-00006016 program execution from the very
i4HSh6U9Vog-00029-00005944-00006216 beginning
i4HSh6U9Vog-00030-00006016-00006455 until you step through this particular
i4HSh6U9Vog-00031-00006216-00006536 line so create a stack diagram like this
i4HSh6U9Vog-00032-00006455-00006792 fill it in
i4HSh6U9Vog-00033-00006536-00006976 figure out what is there where i is that
i4HSh6U9Vog-00034-00006792-00007272 kind of thing
i4HSh6U9Vog-00035-00006976-00007376 so go ahead and stop and step through
i4HSh6U9Vog-00036-00007272-00007543 the assembly and
i4HSh6U9Vog-00037-00007376-00007952 draw a stack diagram we're going to be
i4HSh6U9Vog-00038-00007543-00007952 doing this a lot for all of the upcoming
i4HSh6U9Vog-00039-00008028-00008328 examples
i5k8rYn6IJo-00000-00000017-00000886 pesan Injil yang dijelaskan Alkitab
i5k8rYn6IJo-00001-00000594-00001200 Tuhan dan surga itu suci artinya suci saja
i5k8rYn6IJo-00002-00000886-00001404 sempurna sekarang sangat penting untuk
i5k8rYn6IJo-00003-00001200-00001619 mengerti bahwa Tuhan tidak dapat membiarkan apapun
i5k8rYn6IJo-00004-00001404-00001889 tidak sempurna ke surga kalau tidak, itu adil
i5k8rYn6IJo-00005-00001619-00002034 tidak akan menjadi surga yang juga dikatakan oleh Alkitab
i5k8rYn6IJo-00006-00001889-00002318 bahwa kita semua memiliki tubuh dan jiwa
i5k8rYn6IJo-00007-00002034-00002643 sekarang kematian tubuh kita dikuburkan atau
i5k8rYn6IJo-00008-00002318-00002960 dikremasi tapi jiwa kita yang nyata
i5k8rYn6IJo-00009-00002643-00003066 Anda hidup selamanya baik di surga atau
i5k8rYn6IJo-00010-00002960-00003272 neraka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00011-00003066-00003482 jadi sayangnya kami punya sedikit
i5k8rYn6IJo-00012-00003272-00003729 masalah karena Alkitab mengatakan bahwa jika
i5k8rYn6IJo-00013-00003482-00003923 kita telah melanggar hanya satu dari hukum Tuhan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00014-00003729-00004266 contoh kalo kita pernah bohong sekali ditipu sekali
i5k8rYn6IJo-00015-00003923-00004359 dibenci sekali hanya sekali seperti yang kita semua miliki
i5k8rYn6IJo-00016-00004266-00004725 Mari jujur
i5k8rYn6IJo-00017-00004359-00005064 maka jiwa kita menjadi tidak sempurna dan kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00018-00004725-00005301 tidak bisa masuk Surga melakukan siapa pun yang memilikinya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00019-00005064-00005607 tidak pernah melanggar hukum Tuhan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00020-00005301-00005930 jawaban jelas tidak jadi inilah kami
i5k8rYn6IJo-00021-00005607-00006126 masalah semua orang melanggar hukum Tuhan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00022-00005930-00006396 oleh karena itu semua orang tidak sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00023-00006126-00006704 jiwa jadi jika kematian jiwa Anda bisa
i5k8rYn6IJo-00024-00006396-00006906 baik pergi ke surga atau neraka tetapi untuk mendapatkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00025-00006704-00007239 ke surga Anda harus memiliki catatan yang sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00026-00006906-00007520 dan sayangnya tidak ada di antara kita yang memilikinya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00027-00007239-00007679 dari kita harus menuju neraka sekarang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00028-00007520-00007895 mungkin tampak kasar dan mungkin meminta
i5k8rYn6IJo-00029-00007679-00008161 mempertanyakan bagaimana bisa Tuhan yang penuh kasih menciptakan a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00030-00007895-00008408 menempatkan seperti neraka kecil dan mengirim seseorang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00031-00008161-00008775 jadi mari kita lihat seperti ini
i5k8rYn6IJo-00032-00008408-00008996 pikirkan seseorang yang sangat kamu cintai sekarang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00033-00008775-00009249 bayangkan orang itu dibunuh secara brutal
i5k8rYn6IJo-00034-00008996-00009582 polisi menangkap pembunuhnya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00035-00009249-00009915 pembunuhnya mengaku bersalah di pengadilan tapi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00036-00009582-00010206 ngeri Anda hakim mengatakan ini adalah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00037-00009915-00010515 benar-benar hal buruk yang telah Anda lakukan tetapi karena
i5k8rYn6IJo-00038-00010206-00010928 Saya seorang hakim yang penuh kasih yang akan saya biarkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00039-00010515-00011214 Anda pergi, Anda akan sangat marah bukan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00040-00010928-00011471 mengapa karena Anda tahu itu ketika seseorang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00041-00011214-00011702 telah melanggar hukum mereka harus dihukum
i5k8rYn6IJo-00042-00011471-00012021 kalau tidak, tidak ada keadilan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00043-00011702-00012500 jadi Anda lihat neraka bukanlah masalah cinta itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00044-00012021-00012705 masalah keadilan mari kita pertimbangkan tiga
i5k8rYn6IJo-00045-00012500-00012901 pertanyaan untuk membantu kami memahami alasannya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00046-00012705-00013158 pasti ada tempat yang disebut neraka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00047-00012901-00013458 apakah kamu pernah berbohong dalam hidupmu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00048-00013158-00013605 nah jawabannya pasti ya walaupun hanya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00049-00013458-00013994 kebohongan putih yang disebut
i5k8rYn6IJo-00050-00013605-00014412 jika Anda pernah berbohong sekali maka Anda bersalah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00051-00013994-00014772 tentang hidup yang pernah kamu ambil
i5k8rYn6IJo-00052-00014412-00014991 apa pun yang bukan milik Anda misalnya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00053-00014772-00015269 apakah kamu pernah bekerja lembur atau pergi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00054-00014991-00015462 lebih awal dan dapatkan kertas yang pernah kamu gunakan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00055-00015269-00015669 telepon atau mesin fotokopi bos
i5k8rYn6IJo-00056-00015462-00015941 tanpa meminta izin atau dengan sengaja
i5k8rYn6IJo-00057-00015669-00016203 membawa pulang pensil kantor ini
i5k8rYn6IJo-00058-00015941-00016368 mencuri tentu saja kebanyakan orang punya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00059-00016203-00016628 mengambil sesuatu yang bukan milik mereka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00060-00016368-00016796 membuat mereka bersalah menjadi pencuri
i5k8rYn6IJo-00061-00016628-00016982 sekarang menurutmu Tuhan akan membiarkan a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00062-00016796-00017348 sekelompok pembohong pencuri seperti kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00063-00016982-00017522 surga tidak mungkin karena jika dia melakukannya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00064-00017348-00017687 sama dengan hakim yang tidak adil
i5k8rYn6IJo-00065-00017522-00018122 gagal untuk menghukum pembunuhan orang tersebut
i5k8rYn6IJo-00066-00017687-00018473 Anda suka kami tidak dapat memiliki keduanya tetapi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00067-00018122-00018701 banyak orang bilang tunggu sebentar aku baik
i5k8rYn6IJo-00068-00018473-00018965 orang dan ada perbedaan besar
i5k8rYn6IJo-00069-00018701-00019241 antara berbohong dan mencuri dan membunuh saya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00070-00018965-00019544 tidak pernah membunuh siapa pun kecuali apa
i5k8rYn6IJo-00071-00019241-00019814 menarik adalah cara Yesus mendefinisikan kembali
i5k8rYn6IJo-00072-00019544-00020063 pembunuhan, dia mengatakan bahwa jika Anda membenci a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00073-00019814-00020474 orang di hatimu, kamu membunuh mereka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00074-00020063-00020744 di Anda jadi inilah pertanyaan terakhir
i5k8rYn6IJo-00075-00020474-00021002 Anda pernah membenci siapa pun sebenarnya itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00076-00020744-00021212 kebanyakan orang merasa marah atau benci
i5k8rYn6IJo-00077-00021002-00021595 hati mereka terhadap orang lain yang masuk
i5k8rYn6IJo-00078-00021212-00021890 Mata Tuhan membuat kita jadi bersalah atas pembunuhan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00079-00021595-00022154 Anda lihat ini adalah berita buruk untuk
i5k8rYn6IJo-00080-00021890-00022442 Demi keadilan harus ada tempat
i5k8rYn6IJo-00081-00022154-00022760 disebut neraka tapi ada kabar baik dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00082-00022442-00022870 di sinilah Yesus Kristus datang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00083-00022760-00023075 hal terpenting itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00084-00022870-00023468 membedakan Yesus dari orang lain
i5k8rYn6IJo-00085-00023075-00023747 adalah bahwa dia sempurna tidak seperti kita, dia tidak sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00086-00023468-00024134 melanggar hukum Tuhan sehingga dia memiliki a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00087-00023747-00024323 merekam sempurna gambar jiwa yang sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00088-00024134-00024614 adegan sebelum Yesus datang ke dunia dua
i5k8rYn6IJo-00089-00024323-00024962 seribu tahun yang lalu Yesus melihat ke depan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00090-00024614-00025244 pada waktunya dan melihatmu di sini hari ini dia berbalik
i5k8rYn6IJo-00091-00024962-00025481 kepada Tuhan Bapa dan bertanya padanya ayah I
i5k8rYn6IJo-00092-00025244-00025598 mencintai orang-orang di dunia
i5k8rYn6IJo-00093-00025481-00025864 Saya tidak ingin mereka masuk neraka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00094-00025598-00026173 melanggar hukum Anda apakah ada cara untuk
i5k8rYn6IJo-00095-00025864-00026510 mereka untuk diampuni Allah Bapa memandang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00096-00026173-00026869 pada putranya dan berkata Yesus ada satu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00097-00026510-00027344 cara pergi padanya dan menjadi manusia
i5k8rYn6IJo-00098-00026869-00027443 tapi jalani hidup yang sempurna lalu mati dengan kejam
i5k8rYn6IJo-00099-00027344-00027656 kematian di kayu salib
i5k8rYn6IJo-00100-00027443-00027872 untuk mengambil hukuman orang-orang di
i5k8rYn6IJo-00101-00027656-00028226 dunia layak untuk menghancurkan saya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00102-00027872-00028460 tuan ketika Anda melakukan ini saya bisa membuatnya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00103-00028226-00028637 mungkin bagi mereka untuk diampuni hari itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00104-00028460-00028966 ketika mereka meminta Anda untuk menukar
i5k8rYn6IJo-00105-00028637-00029261 catatan yang tidak sempurna untuk catatan sempurna Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00106-00028966-00029519 Yesus dengan rela setuju dan dua ribu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00107-00029261-00029839 tahun lalu dia datang untuk menyerahkan nyawanya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00108-00029519-00030137 bagi kita untuk membayar harga untuk semua milik Tuhan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00109-00029839-00030332 hukum yang telah kami langgar dan tidak ada
i5k8rYn6IJo-00110-00030137-00030605 cinta yang lebih besar daripada saat seseorang berbaring
i5k8rYn6IJo-00111-00030332-00030836 hidup mereka untuk yang lain tetapi ada
i5k8rYn6IJo-00112-00030605-00031138 masih sesuatu yang harus kita lakukan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00113-00030836-00031447 dimaafkan ada tiga peristiwa besar di
i5k8rYn6IJo-00114-00031138-00031682 kehidupan setiap orang karena kelahiran dan kematian
i5k8rYn6IJo-00115-00031447-00031964 akhirnya kami tidak memiliki kendali atas ini
i5k8rYn6IJo-00116-00031682-00032237 tapi peristiwa besar ketiga adalah hari itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00117-00031964-00032500 ketika kita meminta Yesus untuk mengampuni kita saat kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00118-00032237-00032675 mohonlah supaya Yesus memberikan catatan sempurna-Nya kepada kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00119-00032500-00032918 sekarang ada beberapa yang populer
i5k8rYn6IJo-00120-00032675-00033178 kesalahpahaman tentang ini tetapi di
i5k8rYn6IJo-00121-00032918-00033419 Karunia pengampunan dari Tuhan dalam Alkitab jelas
i5k8rYn6IJo-00122-00033178-00033722 kita tidak diampuni dengan dibaptis
i5k8rYn6IJo-00123-00033419-00033935 atau dibaptis atau dikukuhkan bahkan oleh
i5k8rYn6IJo-00124-00033722-00034163 saat berdoa Anda akan pergi ke gereja atau
i5k8rYn6IJo-00125-00033935-00034511 dengan percaya pada Tuhan atau dengan mencoba menjadi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00126-00034163-00034796 baik ini semua adalah hal yang baik tetapi tidak ada
i5k8rYn6IJo-00127-00034511-00034982 dari mereka memberi kita pengampunan, kata Yesus
i5k8rYn6IJo-00128-00034796-00035300 bahwa ada dua hal yang harus kita lakukan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00129-00034982-00035413 lakukan agar dimaafkan yang pertama adalah kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00130-00035300-00035594 harus mau berpaling dari
i5k8rYn6IJo-00131-00035413-00035930 apapun yang kita tahu salah dalam hidup kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00132-00035594-00036163 dan minta maaf kepada Yesus sekarang perhatikan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00133-00035930-00036347 kata bersedia mungkin ada beberapa hal di
i5k8rYn6IJo-00134-00036163-00036587 hidup Anda jika Anda merasa tidak berdaya untuk memberi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00135-00036347-00036816 dengan kekuatanmu sendiri seperti kecanduan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00136-00036587-00037151 atau kebiasaan atau hal rumit lainnya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00137-00036816-00037230 tidak apa-apa karena Tuhan akan membantu kita sebagai
i5k8rYn6IJo-00138-00037151-00037464 sepanjang
i5k8rYn6IJo-00139-00037230-00037763 bersedia saya ingin berpaling dari mereka
i5k8rYn6IJo-00140-00037464-00038139 hal kedua yang harus kita lakukan adalah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00141-00037763-00038451 berserah kepada Yesus sekarang berarti berserah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00142-00038139-00038706 ini jika Tuhan menciptakan Anda dan seluruh
i5k8rYn6IJo-00143-00038451-00038898 alam semesta yang mengelilinginya bukan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00144-00038706-00039210 pikir dia pantas menjadi sentral
i5k8rYn6IJo-00145-00038898-00039462 orang dalam hidup Anda menyerah kepada
i5k8rYn6IJo-00146-00039210-00039723 Yesus adalah saat kita mengakui dia sebagai milik kita
i5k8rYn6IJo-00147-00039462-00040038 Juruselamat dan merendahkan hidup kita padanya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00148-00039723-00040227 layanan ketika Anda lahir itu sebagai
i5k8rYn6IJo-00149-00040038-00040488 meskipun Tuhan membuka buku tentang hidup Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00150-00040227-00040680 sekarang ingatlah bahwa Tuhan melihat
i5k8rYn6IJo-00151-00040488-00040920 semua yang Anda lakukan, dia tahu setiap
i5k8rYn6IJo-00152-00040680-00041205 sikap setiap pikiran setiap motif dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00153-00040920-00041487 setiap tindakan setiap kali kita melanggar
i5k8rYn6IJo-00154-00041205-00041712 salah satu hukum Tuhan yang tertulis di dalamnya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00155-00041487-00041907 buku itu bisa Anda bayangkan oleh
i5k8rYn6IJo-00156-00041712-00042180 akhir hidup kita ada perpustakaan yang utuh
i5k8rYn6IJo-00157-00041907-00042426 tertulis melawan kami tetapi ketika Anda berbalik dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00158-00042180-00042681 menyerahkan diri kepada Yesus sesuatu yang luar biasa
i5k8rYn6IJo-00159-00042426-00042879 terjadi itu seperti Yesus mengambil bukumu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00160-00042681-00043119 dan berdiri melalui puncak tebing dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00161-00042879-00043377 merobek semua halaman seluruh catatan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00162-00043119-00043659 dari hal-hal yang Anda lakukan salah dan dia
i5k8rYn6IJo-00163-00043377-00043881 melempar mereka ke laut terdalam he
i5k8rYn6IJo-00164-00043659-00044154 berjanji untuk tidak pernah mengingat hal-hal itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00165-00043881-00044400 sekali lagi Yesus kemudian mengambil salinannya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00166-00044154-00044694 rekaman sempurna yang Anda minta
i5k8rYn6IJo-00167-00044400-00044925 memberi Anda dan dia menempatkannya di dalam
i5k8rYn6IJo-00168-00044694-00045255 sampul buku Anda dengan nama Anda di
i5k8rYn6IJo-00169-00044925-00045502 tulang belakang buku itu kemudian disimpan seperti a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00170-00045255-00045755 buku Libran yang berharga dalam dirinya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00171-00045502-00045959 keajaiban adalah bahwa bukumu tidak
i5k8rYn6IJo-00172-00045755-00046172 disentuh lagi di antara titik yang Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00173-00045959-00046427 meminta Yesus untuk mengampuni Anda dan kematian
i5k8rYn6IJo-00174-00046172-00046630 Padahal dalam waktu itu kamu boleh buat
i5k8rYn6IJo-00175-00046427-00046808 kesalahan dan melanggar hukum Tuhan lagi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00176-00046630-00046994 menjadi seorang Kristen
i5k8rYn6IJo-00177-00046808-00047162 itu tidak langsung membuatmu sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00178-00046994-00047353 juga tidak berarti bahwa Anda dapat mengatakan a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00179-00047162-00047708 doa cepat dan kembali ke cara lama Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00180-00047353-00047918 ingat Tuhan mengampuni Anda selamanya saat
i5k8rYn6IJo-00181-00047708-00048152 Anda meminta catatan sempurna Yesus
i5k8rYn6IJo-00182-00047918-00048377 semua yang dia minta adalah agar Anda menyerah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00183-00048152-00048689 segalanya untuknya dan biarkan dia setiap hari
i5k8rYn6IJo-00184-00048377-00048929 memperbaiki Anda dari kesalahan Anda saat Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00185-00048689-00049175 mati Anda akan pergi di hadapan Tuhan pada Penghakiman
i5k8rYn6IJo-00186-00048929-00049397 Hari dan Tuhan akan memerintahkan malaikat untuk
i5k8rYn6IJo-00187-00049175-00049711 dapatkan bukumu, dia akan melihat ke dalam itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00188-00049397-00050009 buku dan katakan orang ini sempurna
i5k8rYn6IJo-00189-00049711-00050255 Anda mungkin akan mengatakan kepadanya tidak, saya bukan saya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00190-00050009-00050543 melanggar hukum Anda bukankah saya pantas mendapatkannya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00191-00050255-00050777 pergi ke neraka dan Yesus akan berkata kepada Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00192-00050543-00050999 demi Keadilan yang pantas Anda dapatkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00193-00050777-00051275 pergi ke neraka kau mematahkan hidungku dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00194-00050999-00051500 beberapa kau bangkrut berkali-kali tapi kau milikku
i5k8rYn6IJo-00195-00051275-00051707 anak yang cantik memiliki catatan sempurna saya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00196-00051500-00051911 yang kuberikan padamu saat kau berbalik dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00197-00051707-00052400 menyerah kepadaku di bumi dan aku memaafkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00198-00051911-00052654 Anda selamat datang di surga itu sebabnya Yesus
i5k8rYn6IJo-00199-00052400-00052847 begitu menakjubkan sehingga dia membuatnya menjadi mungkin
i5k8rYn6IJo-00200-00052654-00053155 semua orang di dunia apa pun yang terjadi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00201-00052847-00053354 kesalahan yang telah kami buat untuk dimaafkan sampai
i5k8rYn6IJo-00202-00053155-00053594 suatu hari masuk Surga
i5k8rYn6IJo-00203-00053354-00053866 tapi katakan kau tidak pernah menyerah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00204-00053594-00054127 pikirkan tentang apa yang akan terjadi bila Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00205-00053866-00054422 mati Anda akan pergi di hadapan Tuhan penghakiman dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00206-00054127-00054658 Tuhan akan berkata kepadamu, maaf aku tidak bisa
i5k8rYn6IJo-00207-00054422-00054932 biarkan Anda masuk surga saya harus mengirim Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00208-00054658-00055195 ke neraka Anda tidak pernah meminta saya untuk memaafkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00209-00054932-00055586 kamu Aku sangat mencintaimu sehingga aku mencoba enam
i5k8rYn6IJo-00210-00055195-00055798 cara untuk menghubungi Anda pertama saya mati
i5k8rYn6IJo-00211-00055586-00056107 di kayu salib untuk menerima hukumanmu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00212-00055798-00056404 kedua seseorang menjelaskan kepada Anda dalam a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00213-00056107-00056695 cara sederhana agar Anda bisa dimaafkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00214-00056404-00056992 ketiga ada gereja di seluruh
i5k8rYn6IJo-00215-00056695-00057232 dunia beberapa baik dan beberapa saya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00216-00056992-00057800 malu karena kamu bisa menemukan yang baik
i5k8rYn6IJo-00217-00057232-00058000 yang keempat saya memberi Anda hati nurani begitu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00218-00057800-00058400 Anda bisa membedakan yang benar dari yang salah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00219-00058000-00058750 kelima saya menciptakan dunia di sekitar Anda dan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00220-00058400-00059164 sangat mengagumkan bagaimana Anda tidak bertanya-tanya
i5k8rYn6IJo-00221-00058750-00059375 tentang dan akhirnya saya bangkit dari kematian
i5k8rYn6IJo-00222-00059164-00059683 untuk membuktikan bahwa saya telah pergi dan itu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00223-00059375-00060023 semua yang saya katakan itu benar tetapi Anda tetap
i5k8rYn6IJo-00224-00059683-00060374 tidak melakukan apa pun. Maafkan aku, aku tidak bisa membiarkanmu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00225-00060023-00060756 ke surga saya harus mengatakan jadi bagaimana
i5k8rYn6IJo-00226-00060374-00061094 kamu jika kamu mati malam ini kemana kamu akan pergi
i5k8rYn6IJo-00227-00060756-00061304 ingat untuk masuk surga Anda membutuhkan a
i5k8rYn6IJo-00228-00061094-00061504 rekor sempurna yang tidak akan pernah bisa Anda lakukan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00229-00061304-00061816 miliki kecuali Anda meminta Yesus untuk memberi Anda
i5k8rYn6IJo-00230-00061504-00062104 di sini untuk menerima hadiah gratis ini untukmu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00231-00061816-00062300 hanya perlu melakukan dua hal dulu
i5k8rYn6IJo-00232-00062104-00062798 mau berpaling dari jalan yang salah
i5k8rYn6IJo-00233-00062300-00063031 dan kedua menyerah kepada Yesus kecuali
i5k8rYn6IJo-00234-00062798-00063240 Anda melakukan dua hal ini, itu tidak mungkin
i5k8rYn6IJo-00235-00063031-00063588 untuk dimaafkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00236-00063240-00063727 tidak mungkin masuk surga yang mana
i5k8rYn6IJo-00237-00063588-00064098 sangat menyedihkan
i5k8rYn6IJo-00238-00063727-00064388 karena inilah alasan utama Yesus
i5k8rYn6IJo-00239-00064098-00064388 mati untukmu
i8TQcIecgkQ-00000-00000330-00000627 PRESENTER: OK, well, let's first look at the short wave
i8TQcIecgkQ-00001-00000627-00000756 part of the radiation budget.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00002-00000756-00001083 We start out with 100 parts of solar energy.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00003-00001083-00001329 Let's see what happens to those 100 parts
i8TQcIecgkQ-00004-00001329-00001753 within the atmosphere and the Earth's surface.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00005-00001753-00002417 Well, 21% is reflected back out to space from cloud tops,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00006-00002417-00002997 7% is back scattered by the atmosphere back out to space,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00007-00002997-00003249 and 3% is reflected from the Earth's surface.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00008-00003249-00003345 So if we add those up--
i8TQcIecgkQ-00009-00003345-00003614 21 plus 3, 24, plus 7--
i8TQcIecgkQ-00010-00003614-00004083 31 parts of that initial 100 unit of solar energy
i8TQcIecgkQ-00011-00004083-00004326 are reflected out to space, and that's
i8TQcIecgkQ-00012-00004326-00004728 what gives us Earth's albedo of roughly 31%
i8TQcIecgkQ-00013-00004728-00004995 or an albedo of 0.31.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00014-00004995-00005319 OK, well, that leaves behind 69 parts of solar energy.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00015-00005319-00005673 So let's see what happens to those 69 parts.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00016-00005673-00006208 3% are absorbed within the stratosphere by ozone,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00017-00006208-00006844 18% is absorbed by the rest of the atmosphere or by dust,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00018-00006844-00007095 and then 3% is absorbed by clouds.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00019-00007095-00007501 So if we add that together, that's 18 plus 3, 21,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00020-00007501-00007725 plus 3, that's 24.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00021-00007725-00008188 24 parts are absorbed somewhere within the atmosphere.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00022-00008188-00008521 So that's 69 that weren't reflected to space.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00023-00008521-00008893 Of those 69, 24 are absorbed.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00024-00008893-00009302 That leaves behind now 45.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00025-00009302-00009758 What happened to those remaining 45 unit of solar energy?
i8TQcIecgkQ-00026-00009758-00010263 Well, 25 are directly absorbed by the Earth's surface,
i8TQcIecgkQ-00027-00010263-00010998 and nearly as much, 20%, is actually diffuse radiation that
i8TQcIecgkQ-00028-00010998-00011274 scattered towards the surface.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00029-00011274-00011553 The reason that we look up into the atmosphere
i8TQcIecgkQ-00030-00011553-00012006 and we see blue sky is because of the preferential scattering
i8TQcIecgkQ-00031-00012006-00012261 of the atmosphere in the wavelengths that
i8TQcIecgkQ-00032-00012261-00012450 correspond to blue light.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00033-00012450-00012748 And that's that 20% of diffuse radiation.
i8TQcIecgkQ-00034-00012748-00013237 So that's the short wave budget of the atmosphere radiation
i8TQcIecgkQ-00035-00013237-00013391 budget.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00000-00000017-00000401 I want to talk about adolescent risk-taking
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00001-00000401-00000714 and decision-making, and talk about some work that we have
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00002-00000714-00001192 been doing. So let me just try to put this in a public health context
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00003-00001192-00001607 for you. Adolescence, generally is a  really, really healthy time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00004-00001607-00002016 in the life span. There's very little illness and disease relative to other
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00005-00002016-00002135 stages of life and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00006-00002135-00002455 the major things that cause kids to get hurt and to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00007-00002455-00002807 die are things that kids do to each other and to themselves.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00008-00002807-00003285 So just some familiar examples of these kinds of things that jeopardize kids' health:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00009-00003285-00003597 compared to adults, adolescents commit more crimes.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00010-00003597-00003994 This is a a curve that's called the Age-Crime curve. It
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00011-00003994-00004312 shows you that crime increases from
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00012-00004312-00004757 (very few infants commit crimes) but it goes up from infancy, and it peaks around
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00013-00004757-00004876 16 or 17,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00014-00004876-00005177 and then declined steadily after that.This is a curve that you would get
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00015-00005177-00005540 no matter which country around the world you measured crime in.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00016-00005540-00005837 And it's been very, very robust over time.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00017-00005837-00006187 Adolescents have more car crashes.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00018-00006187-00006701 These are data from England. These are really interesting because the show you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00019-00006701-00006826 that the reason
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00020-00006826-00007238 that kids have more car crashes than adults is not simply that they have less
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00021-00007238-00007368 driving experience.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00022-00007368-00007781 And that dotted line there is what we call the autonomous age effect. That's the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00023-00007781-00008207 contribution to crashing that's due specifically to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00024-00008207-00008547 age, rather than inexperience. In other words, if you take a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00025-00008547-00008885 21-year-old who just started driving,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00026-00008885-00009345 that person is much less likely to have a crash than a 16-year-old who just started driving,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00027-00009345-00009529 even though they both just started driving.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00028-00009529-00010009 These are data that people probably haven't seen before
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00029-00010009-00010310 adolescents drown more often than
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00030-00010310-00010728 adults do. And this is from the CDC's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00031-00010728-00011146 unintentional drownings. Again, it peaks at around the same place where crime peaks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00032-00011146-00011450 This is interesting to me because  adolescents are, compared to adults,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00033-00011450-00011753 typically are much stronger and they have much more endurance.  So this
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00034-00011753-00011952 suggests that they're drowning more often
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00035-00011952-00012322 for some other reason. and I would venture to say it's probably because they
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00036-00012322-00012558 put themselves in situations that are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00037-00012558-00013182 more risky. Adolescents also attempt suicide
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00038-00013182-00013556 more often. It's hard to get data on attempted suicide. Most of the data we see
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00039-00013556-00013772 are on completed suicide, and you probably know that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00040-00013772-00014097 completed suicide is more common among older adults. But
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00041-00014097-00014516 here are data on non-fatal, self-inflicted
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00042-00014516-00015003 injuries. And this also peaks  just about the same time that drownings
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00043-00015003-00015046 and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00044-00015046-00015506 violent crime peaks as well. These are also data from the CDC.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00045-00015506-00015826 So we can--the list goes on and on.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00046-00015826-00016178 As Abby mentioned, if you compare
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00047-00016178-00016528 adolescents with both children and adults, adolescents are less likely to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00048-00016528-00016575 wear
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00049-00016575-00017037 bicycle helmets, they're less likely to practice safe sex. If we look at data
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00050-00017037-00017388 about the age at which people first try
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00051-00017388-00017730 cigarettes, alcohol,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00052-00017730-00018086 illicit drugs--tends to happen during adolescence. You know 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00053-00018086-00018402 we are so used to that, that we think, "Well, duh."
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00054-00018402-00018775 But actually it doesn't have to be that way. It  could be the case
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00055-00018775-00019103 that people start experimenting with these substances when they're 33.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00056-00019103-00019424 Why should it be that they tend to start experimenting
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00057-00019424-00019765 during middle and late adolescence?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00058-00019765-00020197 So what do we do about this? We spend a lot of time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00059-00020197-00020535 in our schools teaching kids not to do these things.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00060-00020535-00020962 Not have unsafe sex--some some places not have sex.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00061-00020962-00021348 Not to drink, not to drive recklessly.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00062-00021348-00021834 And it  turns out that when you look at evaluations of these programs,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00063-00021834-00022376 what is going on is that we're trying to change their knowledge
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00064-00022376-00022709 or reasoning about risk. That's the basic
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00065-00022709-00023066 underlying principle of most what we do in health education.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00066-00023066-00023598 And we spend hundreds of millions of dollars
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00067-00023598-00023998 every year on educational programs
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00068-00023998-00024480 that are either unevaluated, or if they have been evaluated, have been shown
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00069-00024480-00024602 to be completely
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00070-00024602-00024905 ineffective. Now I spent some time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00071-00024905-00025370 working on the Allstate Foundation Safe Teen driving initiative. You probably saw
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00072-00025370-00025557 some of our newspaper ads about
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00073-00025557-00025795 safe teen driving, so I got to spend
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00074-00025795-00026089 time interacting with people that study things like
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00075-00026089-00026491 driving and driver safety and driver education, and you would be amazed to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00076-00026491-00026544 know
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00077-00026544-00026977 that even driver education doesn't work. So people who've been through driver's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00078-00026977-00027313 education do not drive more safely than people who have not been through driver's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00079-00027313-00027379 education.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00080-00027379-00027806 And you know those special programs? How many of you have ever
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00081-00027806-00028166 been in these programs where you  go to a race track and they make you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00082-00028166-00028400 deliberately put your car into a spin,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00083-00028400-00028766 and you learn how to get it out of the spin? That actually makes people drive
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00084-00028766-00029133 worse. It doesn't make people drive better, because it makes them over-
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00085-00029133-00029241 confident about their
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00086-00029241-00029566 ability to drive. And so,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00087-00029566-00029916 I think that the reason that these programs are so ineffective
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00088-00029916-00030472 is that maybe the problem that's behind adolescent risk-taking is not deficient
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00089-00030472-00030563 knowledge
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00090-00030563-00030872 or or thinking about risks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00091-00030872-00031257 If we look at the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00092-00031257-00031630 development of basic cognitive
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00093-00031630-00031987 abilities including reasoning,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00094-00031987-00032327 memory, fluency
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00095-00032327-00032724 that people don't get any smarter
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00096-00032724-00033140 after they reach age 16. Right? I know, that's depressing to all of you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00097-00033140-00033534 to know, but you're going to be even more depressed--my role, after Abby
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00098-00033534-00033933 is to sort of bring you back down.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00099-00033933-00034185 So, you're not getting any smarter,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00100-00034185-00034738 believe me. And so the question that we've asked
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00101-00034738-00035097 in our research program, which many parents have asked, and which
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00102-00035097-00035405 Abby nicely set up for this is that, if adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00103-00035405-00035749 are so smart, why do they do such stupid things?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00104-00035749-00036101 I'll tell you a personal
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00105-00036101-00036450 story, When I was 15, and I was a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00106-00036450-00036843 really good student, and a good kid. When I was 15,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00107-00036843-00037164 I was really interested in chemistry.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00108-00037164-00037520 And this friend and I realized that if you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00109-00037520-00037884 put together phosphorus and gunpowder,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00110-00037884-00038323 you could make them--you could make it explode. So we decided
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00111-00038323-00038790 to--um--and then, if you put a barrier between them,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00112-00038790-00039100 they wouldn't explode. So we went out and we, we,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00113-00039100-00039639 we we broke into the chem lab, and we stole some phosphorus and gun powder,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00114-00039639-00040036 and we bought at a pharmacy those cold capsules, like
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00115-00040036-00040395 you know, Contact, or whatever, that come in those little plastic things.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00116-00040395-00040783 So then we would twist them apart and spilled out
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00117-00040783-00041210 the the medicine that's inside them, and packed them--one with phosphorus
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00118-00041210-00041526 and then a little layer of this barrier
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00119-00041526-00041900 chemical on top, and then the other one with gunpowder, and then we put them back together.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00120-00041900-00042262 And it turns out that if you threw them, or  you stepped on them,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00121-00042262-00042661 the two chemicals that would explode would penetrate the barrier and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00122-00042661-00043028 they would explode, okay? And this was fun. It wasn't a huge explosion, it wasn't a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00123-00043028-00043231 dangerous explosion, but it was really cool.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00124-00043231-00043769 So I decided that I didn't like my world history teacher,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00125-00043769-00044221 and I decided that I would get to school early one day
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00126-00044221-00044563 and tape three of these little capsules
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00127-00044563-00044900 to door jamb of our history room.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00128-00044900-00045256 So that when you closed the door, the capsules would
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00129-00045256-00045579 explode and a really loud noise would go off.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00130-00045579-00046016 And sure enough, this happened. And it turns out that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00131-00046016-00046362 it makes a much louder noise and a very frightening noise
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00132-00046362-00046728 when you're sitting in a classroom and a teacher closes a door and a big
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00133-00046728-00046812 explosion
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00134-00046812-00047113 goes off.  I was never
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00135-00047113-00047422 caught for this at all. My friend,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00136-00047422-00047839 who would carry these things around with him in his retainer case,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00137-00047839-00048342 had made the mistake of going to gym class
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00138-00048342-00048813 and didn't take the retainer case out of his pants pocket. And
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00139-00048813-00049137 yes, in a game both dodgeball 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00140-00049137-00049469 his pocket exploded and 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00141-00049469-00049939 and he got burned. And so, anyway all of us
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00142-00049939-00050299 have done really stupid things. Even those of us who were
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00143-00050299-00050820 pretty smart. Here's a really recent stupid thing that people are doing in New York City.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00144-00050821-00051290 This is --it's called subway surfing, and  you hold on to the outside the subway car
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00145-00051290-00051624 while its hurdling between stations.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00146-00051624-00052015 And this has become so prevalent in New York that the actually have to put
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00147-00052015-00052112 posters
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00148-00052112-00052624 up in the subway station reminding people that this is not a good thing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00149-00052624-00053054 to do. Now if adolescents are smart,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00150-00053054-00053399 why they do the stupid things? Well we think
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00151-00053399-00053766 it's because they don't mature
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00152-00053766-00054167 socially and emotionally at the same rate that they mature
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00153-00054167-00054536 intellectually.And data from our study show
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00154-00054536-00054872 than things like impulse control,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00155-00054872-00055228 resistance to peer pressure, risk
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00156-00055228-00055672 processing--these things are still improving
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00157-00055672-00056108 as people mature beyond adolescence, and they continue to improve
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00158-00056108-00056441 through late adolescence and into the 20s.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00159-00056441-00056878 And this results in something that we call a kind of maturity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00160-00056878-00057203 gap between what kids think
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00161-00057203-00057533 and their social and emotional development. So
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00162-00057533-00057896 we've suggested that we think about adolescent  risk-taking in different way.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00163-00057896-00058334 That it's normative, OK?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00164-00058334-00058648 That it's evolutionarily
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00165-00058648-00059009 adaptive. All mammals go through
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00166-00059009-00059410 a juvenile period. All mammals go through puberty. So we can look at
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00167-00059410-00059808 adolescent mammals to get some ideas about what
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00168-00059808-00059966 might be hard-wired
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00169-00059966-00060350 in our species. Mammals  have to take risks
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00170-00060350-00060734 in order to mate. When a child
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00171-00060734-00061070 mammal--little, you know, mouse, little primate
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00172-00061070-00061480 goes through puberty, that mammal  typically leaves
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00173-00061480-00061913 the home environment and goes out into the wild to find a mate 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00174-00061913-00062276 to mate with, or multiple mates to mate with.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00175-00062276-00062679 This is a risky thing to do--a very risky thing to do.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00176-00062679-00063029 And we think that it may be
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00177-00063029-00063434 inborn for individuals to be
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00178-00063434-00063742 more risk-inclined during adolescence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00179-00063742-00064308 than before or after. I started thinking about this from an evolutionary point if
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00180-00064308-00064376 view, and I started
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00181-00064376-00064815 talk to reproductive endocrinologists about when people are most fertile.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00182-00064815-00065216 Okay? And it turns out that the age at peak fertility
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00183-00065216-00065532 is in mid to late adolescence.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00184-00065532-00065868 It's not right after puberty, because
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00185-00065868-00066338 young women are not fertile until a couple of years after they start cycling
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00186-00066338-00066417 regularly.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00187-00066417-00066779 And as you know, the older you get the less fertile
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00188-00066779-00067150 you become. So the best time to to--if you want to have
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00189-00067150-00067518 a child, you have a one in three chance of getting pregnant
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00190-00067518-00068006 if you have sex during adolescence. It drops to about one in four--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00191-00068006-00068499 for each incident of intercourse--it drops to about one in four
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00192-00068499-00068864 in your twenties, and continues to decline after that. So I don't think it's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00193-00068864-00068961 a coincidence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00194-00068961-00069404 that this peak in risk-taking is around the same time as the peak in fertility,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00195-00069404-00069550 because I think they're connected to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00196-00069550-00070041 each other. And that heightened risk- taking is the product
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00197-00070041-00070473 of psycho-social immaturity, not deficient thinking or deficient
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00198-00070473-00070569 knowledge.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00199-00070569-00070902 And this is due, we believe (and I'm going to show you this),
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00200-00070902-00071339 to an imbalance between competing brain  systems that are changing during
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00201-00071339-00071665 adolescence. So let me--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00202-00071665-00071998 and although we didn't rehearse this-- Abby and I are going to  cover different
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00203-00071998-00072118 aspects of brain development
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00204-00072118-00072499 here. So let me just give you a really quick course in adolescent brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00205-00072499-00072882 development. So what's going on in the brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00206-00072882-00073276 during the teen years? I want to talk first about
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00207-00073276-00073592 how the brain changes in structure in its anatomy,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00208-00073592-00073991 and then I'll talk about how it changes and how it functions. So
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00209-00073991-00074291 the first thing we know is that there is synaptic pruning
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00210-00074291-00074738 of the prefrontal cortex, that part of the brain that's the chief executive
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00211-00074738-00075068 officer. And synaptic pruning, which is the elimination of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00212-00075068-00075441 unnecessary connections between brain cells,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00213-00075441-00075804 allows the brain to function more efficiently. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00214-00075804-00076323 And so what we see here is that--this is a chart showing different regions of the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00215-00076323-00076378 brain--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00216-00076378-00076834 and when pruning is occurring. Pruning is when the down--is when the line is going
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00217-00076834-00076908 down.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00218-00076908-00077323 Okay? That's the elimination of gray matter. And you see that the last part of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00219-00077323-00077601 the brain to be pruned is the prefrontal cortex. That's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00220-00077601-00078027 really starting to be pruned during the pre-adolescent and early adolescent
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00221-00078027-00078069 years.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00222-00078069-00078442 Whereas parts of the brain that serve other purposes are pruned much, much
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00223-00078442-00078534 earlier in
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00224-00078534-00078988 development. A second change that we've been really interested in
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00225-00078988-00079313 has to do with the density and distribution of receptors for the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00226-00079313-00079465 neurotransmitter dopamine.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00227-00079465-00079842 How many of you have heard of dopamine before? OK, good. So dopamine 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00228-00079842-00080270 is a very important neurotransmitter for our experience of pleasure
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00229-00080270-00080681 for our experience of reward.  It serves other purposes as well, but for today
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00230-00080681-00081039 let's think about that. So some neuroscientists talk about
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00231-00081039-00081380 a dopamine squirt that we get when we're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00232-00081380-00081756 anticipating or expecting some kind of big reward.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00233-00081756-00082098 And there is a change in--there is more
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00234-00082098-00082444 dopamine activity 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00235-00082444-00082759 in the brain during adolescence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00236-00082759-00083088 than at any other time beforehand. So it's not
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00237-00083088-00083502 only that you're not getting any smarter, it's also that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00238-00083502-00083922 nothing will ever feel as good to you--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00239-00083922-00084232 ever--as it did when you were
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00240-00084232-00084924 a teenager. There is also
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00241-00084924-00085233 in the prefrontal cortex not only are we eliminating those
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00242-00085233-00085547 unnecessary synapses through pruning,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00243-00085547-00085855 we're increasing the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00244-00085855-00086167 a process called myelination, which is when that when the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00245-00086167-00086487 connections between brain cells become wrapped
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00246-00086487-00086986 in sort of a white, fatty material that serves as sort of like an insulation.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00247-00086986-00087027 It's like
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00248-00087027-00087401 insulation around an electrical wire. And that allows
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00249-00087401-00087725 the impulses to be transmitted faster
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00250-00087725-00088074 and more efficiently from brain cell to brain cell.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00251-00088074-00088512 And so we know that there's an increase in white matter in the prefrontal cortex
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00252-00088512-00088857 at the same time that there's a decrease in gray matter.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00253-00088857-00089157 The decrease in grey matter is from synaptic pruning; the increase in white
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00254-00089157-00089204 matter
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00255-00089204-00089545 is from this cross myelination, and both lead to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00256-00089545-00089864 a better functioning pre-frontal cortex. And so,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00257-00089864-00090233 there you see the connection between
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00258-00090233-00090613 the brain cells, which are called--the brain cells are neurons--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00259-00090613-00090987 and you see that sheath that's forming around that connection
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00260-00090987-00091289 between them, and that myelin. And that's a process that's going on during
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00261-00091289-00091611 during the whole lifespan, but it's  especially
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00262-00091611-00091992 active in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00263-00091992-00092529 And then finally there's increased connectivity between
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00264-00092529-00092914 the cortex and and subcortical
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00265-00092914-00093301 regions. So if you were to take a picture of a brain scan
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00266-00093301-00093647 and you were to look at these connections,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00267-00093647-00093970 which you can see by looking at the white matter,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00268-00093970-00094298 you would see more kind of cables connecting
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00269-00094298-00094598 different parts of the brain, especially the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00270-00094598-00094969 the cortex, the outer region, with that the deep structures in the inner region
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00271-00094969-00095016 during
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00272-00095016-00095427 adolescence. And this is an image taken from a technology that's called
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00273-00095427-00095801 diffusion-tensor imaging, which allows us to actually see
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00274-00095801-00096310 these cables and the pathways that connect different parts of the brain.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00275-00096310-00096849 So the brain is becoming more interconnected to tie it back into
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00276-00096849-00097157 Abby's presentation, these different parts of the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00277-00097157-00097457 brain, like the amygdala, which is your
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00278-00097457-00098004 signaling,and prefrontal cortex, which is your decision making,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00279-00098004-00098330 that those connections between the different parts of the brain are getting
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00280-00098330-00098420 stronger
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00281-00098420-00098831 and stronger. So there's more crosstalk, more communication between them.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00282-00098831-00099209 Now some of the changes between
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00283-00099209-00099677 adolescents and adults in their brains can be seen by looking at the anatomy of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00284-00099677-00099753 the brain.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00285-00099753-00100180 But other changes take place in how the bring functions, and aren't seen
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00286-00100180-00100592 simply by taking a picture of the brain's  structure. And so we use
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00287-00100592-00101031 fMRI to look at how patterns of brain activity,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00288-00101031-00101453 rather than structure, differ between adolescents and adults.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00289-00101453-00101881 So the first thing is that there's an increase in brain systems
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00290-00101881-00102302 that are there for self-control, for self-regulation,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00291-00102302-00102606 for impulse control. This is
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00292-00102606-00102938 from a study that with was
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00293-00102938-00103299 involved brain imaging while people were doing a task called the Stroop
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00294-00103299-00103831 task. In the Stroop task, you have to stop yourself from doing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00295-00103831-00104157 something that would be your natural inclination to do.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00296-00104157-00104597 You're shown words that are written--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00297-00104597-00104917 you're shown words of colors that are written
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00298-00104917-00105240 in different different colors themselves.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00299-00105240-00105633 And it's really hard to not say that the word you're seeing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00300-00105633-00106017 is red, when the color of the ink that it's printed in is yellow.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00301-00106017-00106365 Right? So you have to stop yourself from doing something that you'd be very, very
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00302-00106365-00106444 inclined to do.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00303-00106444-00106886 And what we see here is that adults show much more activation
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00304-00106886-00107334 up in these control regions of the brain when they're put in a situation and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00305-00107334-00107473 asked to perform a task
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00306-00107473-00107776 where you have to stop yourself from from doing something.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00307-00107776-00108208 A second functional change
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00308-00108208-00108666 is heightened activity in a region of the brain called the ventral striatum
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00309-00108666-00108971 in response to anticipated rewards.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00310-00108971-00109338 The ventral striatum is an area that's in the limbic system,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00311-00109338-00109792 kind of where the amygdala is. It's located kind of in that general
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00312-00109792-00110109 neighborhood, but it's a very important part of the brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00313-00110109-00110239 for reward,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00314-00110239-00110619 and we might think of it in part, as part of the brain's reward center.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00315-00110619-00111040 And so, if you show people rewarding stimuli--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00316-00111040-00111376 pictures of money, pictures of chocolate cake;
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00317-00111376-00111745 pictures of people having sex, pictures of smiling faces--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00318-00111745-00112079 it doesn't matter but the reward is, you get
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00319-00112079-00112613 activity in this area of the brain. Except you get more activity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00320-00112613-00112944 in response to the very same stimuli
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00321-00112944-00113246 if the person whose brain you're imaging is a teenager
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00322-00113246-00113614 than if the person is a child or an adult.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00323-00113614-00113944 So this is a study
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00324-00113944-00114245 in which individuals were presented with
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00325-00114245-00114613 happy faces just pictures of happy faces-- people they didn't know.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00326-00114613-00115155 And it compares activity in this area, which is circled there on the left,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00327-00115155-00115590 in children in the blue, in adolescents in the red, and in adults
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00328-00115590-00115931 in the green. And you see more activation
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00329-00115931-00116385 in this happy center of the brain in response to happy faces. You get the same
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00330-00116385-00116779 result if you show picture people--ah-- pictures of money to people as well.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00331-00116779-00117218 It's not specific to happy faces.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00332-00117218-00117596 A third change in brain function
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00333-00117596-00117967 is in what we call functional connectivity.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00334-00117967-00118443 I showed you that image those cables sort of interconnecting parts for the brain--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00335-00118443-00118744 that's what we call structural connectivity--that's the actual
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00336-00118744-00119083 the actual anatomical connections between different brain regions.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00337-00119083-00119408 Functional connectivity refers to the fact that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00338-00119408-00119792 different parts of the brain are activating at the same time, they're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00339-00119792-00119891 kinda working
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00340-00119891-00120326 together. This is from a study in which the scientists constructed
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00341-00120326-00120751 a measure of functional connectivity; that is, a measure of the extent to which
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00342-00120751-00120922 different parts for the brain were working
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00343-00120922-00121355 in concert at the same time. And they plotted it asa function of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00344-00121355-00121756 age. And what you see there is that functional connectivity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00345-00121756-00122130 increases, and then it sort of starts to plateau out.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00346-00122130-00122525 And in this study they found that there was no increase in functional
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00347-00122525-00122598 connectivity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00348-00122598-00122870 after age 22. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00349-00122870-00123200 And that's sort of more or less the time when, if you had
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00350-00123200-00123483 to pick an age at which the adolescent brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00351-00123483-00123852 becomes an adult brain, you know, it's around then.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00352-00123852-00124177 Okay, that's about as specific as we're able to get.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00353-00124177-00124680 So we've tried to apply this information to understanding
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00354-00124680-00124797 adolescent risk-taking.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00355-00124797-00125121 And we talk about two different brain systems.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00356-00125121-00125508 One system is this system that reacts to rewards;
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00357-00125508-00125881 we call it an incentive processing system,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00358-00125881-00126204 and its what we use when we
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00359-00126204-00126531 evaluate and predict potential rewards
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00360-00126531-00126847 and punishments. And it's localized
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00361-00126847-00127193 in that ventral striatum and in parts of the prefrontal cortex.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00362-00127193-00127571 What do we know about development of this during adolescence?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00363-00127571-00127940 Well, it undergoes major changes
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00364-00127940-00128344 around the time of puberty, and we are now beginning to understand
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00365-00128344-00128758 that the hormones of puberty act on the brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00366-00128758-00129135 in ways that change how this reward processing system
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00367-00129135-00129470 works. And what happens is
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00368-00129470-00129770 these hormonal changes lead to this
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00369-00129770-00130215 increase in dopamine activity and pathways that connect
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00370-00130215-00130572 the limbic system and especially this ventral striatum
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00371-00130572-00130884 with the prefrontal cortex. As I said before
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00372-00130884-00131295 there's more dopamine activity in the brain, especially in this part of the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00373-00131295-00131352 brain,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00374-00131352-00131785 during adolescence than before or after. That's why people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00375-00131785-00132155 during adolescence activate much more when they're shown
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00376-00132155-00132491 a rewarding stimulus--they have more dopamine
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00377-00132491-00132836 activity going on, and that is what that activation
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00378-00132836-00133169 is reflecting. And that is due to, we think,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00379-00133169-00133534 hormonal changes of puberty. And the impact of those hormones on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00380-00133534-00134026 the brain. These changes in dopamine activity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00381-00134026-00134412 show an upside-down U-shape pattern with age.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00382-00134412-00134691 In other words, it increases
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00383-00134691-00134966 and then it peaks around
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00384-00134966-00135312 15-16--around there, and then it declines
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00385-00135312-00135698 again. And we see this--I'm going to show you some data from some of our studies--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00386-00135698-00136090 we see this in people's behavior that's reflective of this.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00387-00136090-00136499 Increased attentiveness to reward-- because if things feel
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00388-00136499-00136814 really good, you're gonna be on the lookout for them
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00389-00136814-00137283 much more. Increased sensation seeking-- because if things
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00390-00137283-00137611 feel really good, you're gonna pursue them much more
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00391-00137611-00137942 as well. It's also linked to increased or
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00392-00137942-00138351 easier emotional arousal, and something that Abby talked about before,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00393-00138351-00138667 increased attentiveness to social information.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00394-00138667-00139236 Adolescents pay much more attention to what's going on in their social
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00395-00139236-00139645 world--to those locker room conversations, to what people think of them,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00396-00139645-00139963 to what they think people think of them--than
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00397-00139963-00140489 children do or adults do. And that's again due to changes in this incentive processing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00398-00140489-00140919 system. So this is a theory that involves two brain systems.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00399-00140919-00141234 The second is what we call a cognitive control system
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00400-00141234-00141645 and this is the system that is associated with
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00401-00141645-00141959 what psychologists call executive function:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00402-00141959-00142312 higher order thinking, working memory,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00403-00142312-00142694 logical reasoning, planning, regulating our impulses,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00404-00142694-00143245 self-control more generally. And this is developing mainly in
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00405-00143245-00143640 the lateral areas the prefrontal cortex. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00406-00143640-00144045 And this system is also changing during adolescence,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00407-00144045-00144522 but not along the same time table. So this system
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00408-00144522-00144907 develops gradually from preadolescence on,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00409-00144907-00145242 well into the mid 20s. And by
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00410-00145242-00145649 developing, I mean changes in
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00411-00145649-00145983 white matter and gray matter that I talked about before.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00412-00145983-00146357 We think it's less closely tied to puberty
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00413-00146357-00146679 than the changes in the incentive processing system, although
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00414-00146679-00147074 this is sort of changing as we're learning more about the impact of puberty on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00415-00147074-00147340 the brain. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00416-00147340-00147768 And these are linked to the structural changes in the brain's anatomy,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00417-00147768-00148099 in a frontal lobes and somewhat in the parietal lobes of the brain,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00418-00148099-00148627 and to the increased connectivity within the brain.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00419-00148627-00149004 And these changes result in better impulse control,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00420-00149004-00149306 onbetter coordination of emotion
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00421-00149306-00149769 and cognition, more foresight and more planning
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00422-00149769-00150229 ahead. But--and this is the take-home message--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00423-00150229-00150674 the different timetables of the changes in these systems
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00424-00150674-00151116 really help explain a lot of the risky behavior that adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00425-00151116-00151582 engage in. Because this arousal of this incentive-processing system
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00426-00151582-00151932 occurs early in adolescence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00427-00151932-00152284 around the time of puberty, but the maturation
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00428-00152284-00152675 of the cognitive control system is gradual, and it's not complete
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00429-00152675-00153176 until late adolescence or early adulthood. So the metaphor that we use
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00430-00153176-00153500 to describe this is that the accelerator
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00431-00153500-00153866 is activated before a good breaking
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00432-00153866-00154192 system is in place. The accelerator
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00433-00154192-00154650 is activated before a good braking system is in place.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00434-00154650-00154974 So let me set up a study that I'm going to show you.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00435-00154974-00155347 So the idea here is that reward-seeking and self-regulation are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00436-00155347-00155545 controlled by different brain systems,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00437-00155545-00155887 and they develop along different timetables during
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00438-00155887-00156346 adolescence. And that middle adolescence should be
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00439-00156346-00156656 a really vulnerable period for risky behavior.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00440-00156656-00157123 Why? Because that's when you have this really excited
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00441-00157123-00157471 reward system and a still
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00442-00157471-00157839 immature braking system. That's when the systems
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00443-00157839-00158147 are most out of balance with each other.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00444-00158147-00158499 And I'm going to show you some evidence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00445-00158499-00158822 that this imbalance
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00446-00158822-00159282 becomes even worse when adolescents are with their friends
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00447-00159282-00159602 And I'll explain why that is in a moment.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00448-00159602-00159952 Okay, so we did a study to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00449-00159952-00160227 look at age differences
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00450-00160227-00160531 in aspects of judgment and decision-making
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00451-00160531-00160864 that are relevant to risky and reckless behavior.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00452-00160864-00161447 So we wanted to look at judgment and decision-making. We collected data
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00453-00161447-00161913 and five different sites. We tested nine hundred and thirty five individuals
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00454-00161913-00162100 between the ages of 10 and 30,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00455-00162100-00162370 and we gave them a bunch of computerized
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00456-00162370-00162782 performance tests and standardized questionnaires measuring similar
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00457-00162782-00163140 characteristics. The sample if you look to the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00458-00163140-00163627 bottom right, very diverse with respect to ethnicity;
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00459-00163627-00163950 if you look to the top right, it's very diverse with respect to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00460-00163950-00164100 socio-economic status,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00461-00164100-00164359 as measured by household education;
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00462-00164359-00164812 evenly split between males and females; and most importantly, on the lower left
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00463-00164812-00164868 hand,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00464-00164868-00165296 you see that these age groups are the same with respect to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00465-00165296-00165739 ethnicity, gender, household education, and IQ.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00466-00165739-00166099 In other words, if we find age differences in any of these things, it's not because we're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00467-00166099-00166350 talking about different demographic populations.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00468-00166350-00166691 We've matched the groups on these things; we've matched them on intelligence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00469-00166691-00167009 as well. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00470-00167009-00167372 I want to tell you today about some of our findings with respect to reward
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00471-00167372-00167465 processing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00472-00167465-00167867 and with respect to cognitive control. These are the two systems that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00473-00167867-00167960 we think are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00474-00167960-00168397 out of balance.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00475-00168397-00168763 We are in the field now replicating this study
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00476-00168763-00169293 in many parts of the world. We have peeked at some of the data
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00477-00169293-00169639 and I'll show you some really interesting findings from these many
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00478-00169639-00169736 locations.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00479-00169736-00170122 We now--I was looking last night--we now have finished testing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00480-00170122-00170486 about 2500 people.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00481-00170486-00170789 We're going to ultimately have a sample of four thousand
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00482-00170789-00171095 people. Let me
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00483-00171095-00171432 show you first some of our findings on reward processing.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00484-00171432-00171867 So this is a very simple questionnaire--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00485-00171867-00172223 we asked people how much they like sensation-seeking kinds of things.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00486-00172223-00172529 And what you see is this upside-down
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00487-00172529-00172970 U-shaped curve that I described before, with an increase in sensation
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00488-00172970-00173028 seeking
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00489-00173028-00173127 around the time of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00490-00173127-00173552 puberty. And then a decline, so that increase in sensation seeking--that is
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00491-00173552-00173942 related to this increase in dopamine activity--and then a decline as people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00492-00173942-00174246 move into adulthood.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00493-00174246-00174611 If we give people a list risky things:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00494-00174611-00175092 unprotected sex, riding in a car being driven by somebody who's been drinking,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00495-00175092-00175515 shoplifting, picking a fight with somebody--and then we ask people, how
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00496-00175515-00175618 risky is this?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00497-00175618-00175967 We don't see big age differences. Everybody knows it's bad have
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00498-00175967-00176071 unprotected sex.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00499-00176071-00176408 Everybody knows it's bad to drive after you've been drinking.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00500-00176408-00176797 But then we ask them other questions, including, well how would you compare the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00501-00176797-00176981 benefits of doing this thing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00502-00176981-00177292 with the costs? And
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00503-00177292-00177600 lo and behold, there's our upside-down curve.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00504-00177600-00178128 With people seeing more benefits to these risky activities
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00505-00178128-00178450 during early and middle adolescence than
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00506-00178450-00178820 than later.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00507-00178820-00179231 I mentioned that we measure these things using computerized tasks as well as
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00508-00179231-00179341 self-report measures,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00509-00179341-00179746 so oue of our tasks to measure reward processing is a task called the Iowa
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00510-00179746-00179844 gambling task.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00511-00179844-00180183 We give you four decks of cards on the computer
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00512-00180183-00180533 face-down and we tell you two of the decks are good
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00513-00180533-00180846 and two of the decks are bad. And
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00514-00180846-00181225 a card, when you flip it over, gives you some information on whether you've won
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00515-00181225-00181520 or lost and how much you won or lost, and you can do it with
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00516-00181520-00181880 money, points, candy--it doesn't matter. We give people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00517-00181880-00182287 a 120 of these cards over time, blocked into
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00518-00182287-00182703 three set of forty trials. And I tell you I want you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00519-00182703-00183024 to flip over the cards to maximize your winnings,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00520-00183024-00183365 so you'll get the idea of what you're what you're going to be doing here. And so
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00521-00183365-00183724 this is what it looks like. And I ask you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00522-00183724-00184100 if you want to play or pass from deck C.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00523-00184100-00184438 Now if you pass, you don't get any information at all
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00524-00184438-00184775 about what's in deck C. And if you play--should we play?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00525-00184775-00185111 Play. Let's see. So, okay good.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00526-00185111-00185560 So we won a hundred dollars, right? And so then we just do this over and over and over
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00527-00185560-00185639 again.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00528-00185639-00185968 Each time the error comes up, points to a deck,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00529-00185968-00186314 play or pass. If you pass, nothing, goes on to the next card
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00530-00186314-00186660 If you play, you get some information about this. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00531-00186680-00187181 Now the bed decks have larger gains but  they have larger losses
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00532-00187181-00187525 and the ratio of gains to loss
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00533-00187525-00187879 is fixed by us, so that if you pull from those decks,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00534-00187879-00188315 over time you're going to lose money. Every once in a while you're going to get a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00535-00188315-00188437 huge win,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00536-00188437-00188743 but you're gonna lose money. Anybody here like to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00537-00188743-00189051 gamble at the Casino? Play--yeah--.okay.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00538-00189051-00189413 That's the experience of gambling in a casino; that's why people do it.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00539-00189413-00189719 You, right? You raised your hand there, and I'll raise my hand, too.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00540-00189719-00190103 I like it too. You know that if you stay there long enough, you're going to lose, right?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00541-00190103-00190220 But you like it. Why do you like it? 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00542-00190220-00190427 Because when you win,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00543-00190427-00190801 it really feels great! Right? I mean, that's why people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00544-00190801-00191206 do it. You know, nobody goes into a casino
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00545-00191206-00191613 thinking that if they stay there for hour after hour, they're gonna win money.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00546-00191613-00191969 Everybody understands it. It's just that for some people, it's really fun
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00547-00191969-00192283 to get that occasional win. The good decks
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00548-00192283-00192614 pair very small gains 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00549-00192614-00192982 with small losses, but the ratio is the opposite so that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00550-00192982-00193286 if you keep pulling from those decks, you're going to win money
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00551-00193286-00193794 over time, right? And so people who choose the bad decks
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00552-00193794-00194098 over and over and over again are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00553-00194098-00194487 engaging in decision-making that's excessively influenced by the prospect
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00554-00194487-00194582 of a big reward.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00555-00194582-00194971 That's exactly what they're doing. And it turns out this task was developed by
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00556-00194971-00195067 people studying
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00557-00195067-00195448 individuals with certain kinds of brain lesions, and people with certain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00558-00195448-00195765 kinds of prefrontal brain regions can't do this task.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00559-00195765-00196197 They just keep pulling from the bad decks over and over and over again. So what we
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00560-00196197-00196318 do when we study
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00561-00196318-00196661 this is we track people's deck choices over time.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00562-00196661-00196981 And because
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00563-00196981-00197443 we have the option of passing as well as playing,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00564-00197443-00197879 we can separate out choosing good decks
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00565-00197879-00198235 from avoiding bad decks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00566-00198235-00198574 So, if we just track people over time,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00567-00198574-00198980 what you see is everybody--if you look at the far left of this graph--everybody starts at
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00568-00198980-00199153 around fifty percent from the good decks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00569-00199153-00199509 And of course, that's right. You don't know which decks are good and which decks are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00570-00199509-00199586 bad, so
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00571-00199586-00199905 it will be half-and-half. But then, as you learn
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00572-00199905-00200311 over the course of the task, you start to pull more and more from the good decks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00573-00200311-00200699 Except that the two lowest lines there, the red line in the yellow line
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00574-00200699-00201030 represent the youngest age groups. And what do we see there?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00575-00201030-00201446 That they don't learn as much or as quickly over time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00576-00201446-00201827 to pull from the good decks. Now, if we separate
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00577-00201827-00202186 out good deck choices
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00578-00202186-00202505 verses bad deck avoidance, we see something
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00579-00202505-00202760 really, really interesting. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00580-00202760-00203144 So the red bars indicate pulls from the good decks,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00581-00203144-00203420 and the yellow bars indicate pulls from the bad decks. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00582-00203420-00203892 And above that middle line there means that there's been an increase over time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00583-00203892-00204196 and below the middle line means that there's been a decrease
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00584-00204196-00204627 over time. It's a negative number. So start by looking at the far right of this
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00585-00204627-00205212 chart the oldest age group so what it looks like there is that overtime
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00586-00205212-00205705 they increase their pulls from the good decks, and they decrease their pulls from the bad
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00587-00205705-00205762 decks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00588-00205762-00206128 Everybody get that? Right. Now go to the far left.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00589-00206128-00206760 What do we see there? In the youngest groups, they're also increasing their pulls from
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00590-00206760-00206836 the good decks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00591-00206836-00207204 But they're not changing their pulls from the bad decks at all.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00592-00207204-00207734 And now if you squint, so that you don't look at the yellow bars and just look at
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00593-00207734-00207814 the red bars,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00594-00207814-00208239 here's our pattern that we've seen before,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00595-00208239-00208611 which we think reflects reward sensitivity. An increase
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00596-00208611-00208921 in sensitivity to rewards during early
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00597-00208921-00209312 adolescence, peaking in around middle adolescence, and then declining
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00598-00209312-00209696 later on. This has really important implications for programming for kids.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00599-00209696-00210032 because what we think--and there are other studies that bear this out--is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00600-00210032-00210132 during early
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00601-00210132-00210453 and middle adolescence, adolescents are much
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00602-00210453-00210800 more attentive to rewards than to  punishments.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00603-00210800-00211265 And this may be why programs that shape their behavior by rewarding them
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00604-00211265-00211586 are more effective than programs that shape their behavior
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00605-00211586-00211916 by by punishing them. Now
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00606-00211916-00212007 here's a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00607-00212007-00212369 peek at the incoming data from our cross-national sample.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00608-00212369-00212683 Now I know that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00609-00212683-00213133 all those countries are different from each other so I've put them together
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00610-00213133-00213186 here,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00611-00213186-00213583 eliminated the Americans in the study, and I just want to show you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00612-00213583-00213883 what data look like on this task from a sample
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00613-00213883-00214369 non-Americans. Now this includes you know Italians and Kenyans and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00614-00214369-00214735 people from the Philippines so forth. We're going to be able to separate them
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00615-00214735-00214941 out as we get more and more data to analyze,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00616-00214941-00215301 but look at that pattern. It's really similar to what we saw
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00617-00215301-00215637 in our American sample.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00618-00215637-00216037 We also use a task called a delay- discounting task.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00619-00216037-00216559 And so I present you with two alternatives: a small reward that you can get soon,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00620-00216559-00216984 or a larger war that you'll have to wait for. So would you rather have two hundred
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00621-00216984-00217083 dollars today,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00622-00217083-00217528 or a thousand dollars in six months? Now depending on your answer,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00623-00217528-00217886 we then come back with the second offer. And so we
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00624-00217886-00218319 we keep the thousand dollars constant, but we raise or lower the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00625-00218319-00218633 immediate reward
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00626-00218633-00218955 to make it more or less. So if you say,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00627-00218955-00219265 "well, I'd rather have the thousand dollars in six months." I say "okay,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00628-00219265-00219625 how about six hundred dollars today,  versus a thousand dollars?"
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00629-00219625-00219992 And if they say, "well, I'd like the 600," I say
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00630-00219992-00220337 "Okay, how about four hundred dollars today versus a thousand dollars?"
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00631-00220337-00220666 You all understand what this is like--it's a kind of a game show.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00632-00220666-00221329 And everybody--we we do this with different intervals, different time delays,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00633-00221329-00221519 different amounts of money and so forth
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00634-00221519-00221823 and we drive people to a point
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00635-00221823-00222171 we're the subjective value
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00636-00222171-00222639 of the immediate reward is the same as the subjective value the delayed reward.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00637-00222639-00223119 Right? Maybe for this person it's $533.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00638-00223119-00223550 Right--and say, "Oh, I don't know, it's sort of a toss-up." That's called the indifference point,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00639-00223550-00223907 when you're indifferent to whether you get the reward sooner or later.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00640-00223907-00224371 And if you're comparing two people, if somebody is willing to take
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00641-00224371-00224502 a lower amount
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00642-00224502-00224858 in order to get it sooner, what does that mean? It means that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00643-00224858-00225165 they're more interested in short-term gratification.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00644-00225165-00225513 Because they're willing to take less in order to get it sooner.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00645-00225513-00225864 Right? That's what short-term gratification is.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00646-00225864-00226298 So if we look at the indifference points of individuals
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00647-00226298-00226656 of different ages, what we see is that younger adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00648-00226656-00227004 are willing to take less in order to get it sooner.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00649-00227004-00227353 They have a much, much lower indifference point than adults do.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00650-00227353-00227873 A lot of people immediately think well that's cuz money
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00651-00227873-00228233 means, you know, a different amount to little kids than adults.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00652-00228233-00228696 You can do this sort of task using non-monetary
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00653-00228696-00229151 offers, like, "Would you like five drops of Kool-Aid now versus a half a cup
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00654-00229151-00229492 in 10 minutes?" and you get the same kinds of results
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00655-00229492-00229894 that you do if you use money. So its not about money,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00656-00229894-00230259 it's about preference for immediate reward. And here's what we're seeing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00657-00230259-00230771 in our cross-national sample. Again the youngest individuals
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00658-00230771-00231141 have a stronger desire for short-term
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00659-00231141-00231661 gratification.  So now, keeping all that in mind,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00660-00231661-00232054 let's look at some of the findings on cognitive control. Again, we'll start with
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00661-00232054-00232194 the most basic kind of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00662-00232194-00232535 measure--just ask people, alright?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00663-00232535-00232916 So this is the reverse-scored item--I do things without thinking--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00664-00232916-00233329 and so individuals, as they get older,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00665-00233329-00233680 are more likely to say that they think before they act.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00666-00233680-00233986 And there's a very straight, linear trend,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00667-00233986-00234350 just like we think the maturation of the control system is--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00668-00234350-00234784 straight and linear and gradual, and continuing even into late adolescence
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00669-00234784-00235125 and the twenties.  So we measured this behaviorally
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00670-00235125-00235692 with a task called The Tower of London. I show you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00671-00235692-00236017 this configuration of these three colored balls,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00672-00236017-00236381 and there are these three pegs. One peg holds
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00673-00236381-00236762 3 balls; one peg holds 2 balls; one peg holds 1 ball.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00674-00236762-00237277 And I'm going to ask you to move these  colored balls
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00675-00237277-00237478 onto and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00676-00237478-00237837 between these pegs. So you can move them back and forth on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00677-00237837-00238190 sure that you transform that start configuration into the goal
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00678-00238190-00238282 configuration,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00679-00238282-00238584 and I want you to do it in as few moves as possible.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00680-00238584-00238910 So I give you a series of problems like this,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00681-00238910-00239242 some are really easy; you can solve them in 3 moves,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00682-00239242-00239610 and some are very hard, they take 7 moves to solve.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00683-00239610-00239952 So you all get the idea of what your going to--what you're supposed to do here.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00684-00239952-00240342 And we've been interested in lot different aspects of this task:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00685-00240342-00240654 how well people do, how many mistakes they make and so forth.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00686-00240654-00241053 But one of the most interesting measures has to do with how long people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00687-00241053-00241291 wait before making their first move.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00688-00241291-00241608 Alright? How long they wait before making their first move.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00689-00241608-00242076 Because, if you make a bad first move,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00690-00242076-00242437 you're going to have to undo it, and you're going to then not be able to solve the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00691-00242437-00242619 problem in as few moves as possible.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00692-00242619-00243162 So the green bars represent the hard problems in the red bars
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00693-00243162-00243306 represent easy problems.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00694-00243306-00243748 And here we're comparing the different age groups. And so what you see is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00695-00243748-00244216 on the easy problems, there aren't any age differences in how long people wait
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00696-00244216-00244367 before making their first move.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00697-00244367-00244701 But now look at the green bars. There's
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00698-00244701-00245058 a steady, gradual increase
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00699-00245058-00245484 in how long people wait before making their first move. The little kids,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00700-00245484-00245761 preadolescents and the young teenagers in this study,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00701-00245761-00246167 essentially don't take any more time when it's a hard move--a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00702-00246167-00246658 hard problem than when it's an easy problem. But with age, people wait more and more
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00703-00246658-00246710 and more.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00704-00246710-00247012 We have looked to see whether this is due to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00705-00247012-00247379 memory differences between people of different ages and it's not.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00706-00247379-00247754 You still get this pattern even if you control for differences on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00707-00247754-00248165 in basic memory, so it's not because they can't hold things in memory.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00708-00248165-00248471 It's because kids--little kids are more impulsive.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00709-00248471-00248881 they--it's just like that Stroop task I told you about before--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00710-00248881-00249231 they have more difficulty controlling themselves before
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00711-00249231-00249648 doing something. And here's the data from                                                                                                         
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00712-00249648-00250021 the cross-national study. It looks exactly the same.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00713-00250021-00250298 In fact strikingly--I mean just amazingly so.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00714-00250298-00250713 Again, I think the culture
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00715-00250713-00251032 certainly matters, but maybe for some things it doesn't matter as much as we
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00716-00251032-00251132 like to think that it does.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00717-00251132-00251521 We've developed a measure of 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00718-00251521-00251882 the anticipation of future consequences, which is how well
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00719-00251882-00252281 you think you can plan ahead, and we see a very similar
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00720-00252281-00252583 age pattern here as well. As people get older,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00721-00252583-00253140 they're better at seeing how one thing might lead to another.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00722-00253140-00253565 We have look at this in response to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00723-00253565-00253991 how people are able to resist pressure from their friends,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00724-00253991-00254354 and again we see this gradual increase.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00725-00254354-00254716 We think that's because the connection
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00726-00254716-00255036 between the part of your brain that says
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00727-00255036-00255404 I need to do with Haley wants me to do, and the part of your brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00728-00255404-00255721 that stops yourself from doing what Haley wants me to do because it's a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00729-00255721-00256032 stupid thing to do--those connections are getting better.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00730-00256032-00256480 And so I'm more able to resist pressure from Haley to do those kinds of things.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00731-00256491-00256848 So these are data
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00732-00256848-00257165 from a large-scale, national study
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00733-00257165-00257606 called the Children of the National tudinal study of Youth--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00734-00257606-00257925 National Longitudinal Study a of Youth,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00735-00257925-00258381 and these are data from Paige Harden. This is a national sample seven thousand
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00736-00258381-00258469 individuals
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00737-00258469-00258816 showing exactly what we have found, which is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00738-00258816-00259369 during middle adolescence people are high in sensation-seeking, but they're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00739-00259369-00259527 also high in impulsivity.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00740-00259527-00259910 And that's what we think makes middle adolescence a vulnerable time
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00741-00259910-00260442 for risky activity. Now I want to talk a little bit about
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00742-00260442-00260794 on this peer thing, and this is going to build nicely on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00743-00260794-00261279 on where Abby ended. We know that in the real world
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00744-00261279-00261814 adolescent risk-taking usually occurs in groups.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00745-00261814-00262145 Most experimentation with alcohol and illicit drugs
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00746-00262145-00262773 occurs with peers. The risk of a serious automobile accident significantly
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00747-00262773-00262860 increases
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00748-00262860-00263220 with the presence of same-sex passengers.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00749-00263220-00263656 So if you look at (thank you very much)
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00750-00263656-00264241 if you look at crash data,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00751-00264241-00264785 turns out that the the number of passengers in a car
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00752-00264785-00265250 is related to the likelihood of crashing, if the driver is a teenager, but not if the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00753-00265250-00265359 driver is an adult.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00754-00265359-00265733 In fact,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00755-00265733-00266201 most parents don't realize this, but having three
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00756-00266201-00266594 other kids in the car with you, if you're a teenage driver, increases your risk of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00757-00266594-00266671 having a crash
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00758-00266671-00267075 as much as being drunk does. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00759-00267075-00267432 And most parents wouldn't let the kids go out driving if they'd been drinking, but
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00760-00267432-00267631 they'll let them go out in the car with three other kids
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00761-00267631-00268033 in the car with them. It's an important message we need to communicate to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00762-00268033-00268336 parents out there; that's a really dangerous thing for kids to be doing.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00763-00268336-00268657 If you look at FBI data,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00764-00268657-00268989 adolescents are much more likely to commit crimes when they're in groups than
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00765-00268989-00269067 adults are.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00766-00269067-00269471 Adults tend to commit crimes by themselves.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00767-00269471-00270008 And we have demonstrated—and i'll show you some really interesting data—
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00768-00270008-00270312 that adolescents take more risks even in the lab
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00769-00270312-00270686 in the presence of their peers than they do when they're by themselves.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00770-00270686-00271071 We wanted to know what's going on in the brain; why is this happening?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00771-00271071-00271617 How many of you are parents of teenagers
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00772-00271617-00271969 or have been parents of teenagers? Would you agree
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00773-00271969-00272387 that your teenager would do stupider things when he or she was with friends
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00774-00272387-00272475 than by
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00775-00272475-00273060 him or herself? I mean I have met very few parents that don't agree with that, That was
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00776-00273060-00273301 my experience as the parent of a teenager, too.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00777-00273301-00273602 And why
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00778-00273602-00274029 is this? We have some interesting answers to this that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00779-00274029-00274295 I think may surprise you.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00780-00274295-00274729 So we developed this task called the stoplight task. The stoplight task mimics a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00781-00274729-00275061 situation anybody who drives has been in.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00782-00275061-00275439 We tell you we want to get to the end of this driving course
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00783-00275439-00275893 in as short amount of time as possible. You're gonna get a really big bonus
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00784-00275893-00275963 payment,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00785-00275963-00276478 if you do this. Everybody's paid to be in the study, buy you'll get more
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00786-00276478-00276979 if you get there really fast. And we say you're gonna drive down
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00787-00276979-00277303 this path and you're going to come to intersections, and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00788-00277303-00277696 at each intersection the light is going to turn yellow,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00789-00277696-00278096 and you're going to have to decide what to do, right? Just like the real world.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00790-00278096-00278433 You're trying to get some place in a hurry, you come to an intersection,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00791-00278433-00278822 the light is yellow. I mean--has anybody here ever run that light?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00792-00278822-00279128 Eve--right? Right. So
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00793-00279128-00279684 this is what we developed the task to do--exactly the same phenomenon. The only
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00794-00279684-00279772 decision--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00795-00279772-00280144 except in the real world you can turn, you can drive faster--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00796-00280144-00280534 the only decision in our game is you get to brake or not brake.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00797-00280534-00280850 OK? And a brakes in your car only work
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00798-00280850-00281242 when the light is yellow. If the light is green, your car goes through the intersection.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00799-00281242-00281694 If the light is red, your car automatically stops. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00800-00281694-00282275 And we say there's three things that can happen to you:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00801-00282275-00282689 You can brake at the intersection, and then you watch that clock
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00802-00282689-00283016 tick time away, and you know that you may be losing your
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00803-00283016-00283438 bonus payment. You can run through
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00804-00283438-00283818 the intersection, and you don't lose any time off the clock at all.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00805-00283818-00284177 Or you can have the unfortunate
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00806-00284177-00284641 mishap of coming into a car that's crossing through the intersection with you.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00807-00284641-00284994 And then you watch that clock tick a lot seconds
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00808-00284994-00285367 off the clock, alright? So you are made aware
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00809-00285367-00285869 that you have lost a lot of time because you've done that. Turns out that how  people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00810-00285869-00285994 perform on this task is
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00811-00285994-00286452 significantly correlated with their self-reported sensation seeking.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00812-00286452-00286786 It doesn't have anything to do with their impulse control, it is a sensation seeking
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00813-00286786-00286839 task.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00815-00287086-00287396 So we had shown in the lab that 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00816-00287396-00287864 adolescents make--take more chances on a risky driving game when their friends
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00817-00287864-00288042 are watching, than when they're by themselves.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00818-00288042-00288513 So we decided to do this in the fMRI. We faced the same challenges that Abby did--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00819-00288513-00288914 we couldn't squeeze multiple kids into the magnet at the same time.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00820-00288914-00289266 So we have you come to the lab with two friends,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00821-00289266-00289665 and we situate your friends in the next room,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00822-00289665-00290067 and they have a monitor in which they can see how you're performing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00823-00290067-00290392 inside the fMRI magnet, and there's a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00824-00290392-00290696 walkie-talkie situation connecting the two things,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00825-00290696-00291101 and you are made aware when your friends are watching
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00826-00291101-00291489 and when your friends can't see. Alright? There's no deception involved
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00827-00291489-00291915 whatsoever. So the friends, you know, we set them there, the friends say, "Hey Dale,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00828-00291915-00292304 I can see you now! Good luck!" and we restrict what the friends can say with a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00829-00292304-00292441 given a script, so that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00830-00292441-00292772 the adults can't say anything differently than different than the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00831-00292772-00293255 adolescents say. So here we see that when adolescents are being
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00832-00293255-00293656 observed by their friends, which is the red bars, they take
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00833-00293656-00293999 more chances in the driving game than when they're alone.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00834-00293999-00294558 But that's not the case for the adults. We had already shown that before, but
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00835-00294558-00294728 now we wanted to see what was going on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00836-00294728-00295177 in the brain. So what's interesting is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00837-00295177-00295597 when we compare adolescents' brain activity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00838-00295597-00295954 when their friends are watching them, with brain activity
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00839-00295954-00296549 when they're alone, (am I hallucinating?)
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00840-00296549-00296991 When when we compare the brain activity when they're being watched versus
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00841-00296991-00297485 when they're alone, we see that in the area of the yellow
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00842-00297485-00297791 rectangle there, these two areas of
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00843-00297791-00298128 activation that are much greater when their friends are watching than when they're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00844-00298128-00298177 alone.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00845-00298177-00298599 And those areas correspond to parts of the incentive-processing system:
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00846-00298599-00298930 the ventral striatum and the orbital frontal cortex.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00847-00298930-00299409 In adults we don't see any differences in brain activity when they're doing this task
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00848-00299409-00299819 then when they're doing it alone. What we think is going on
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00849-00299819-00300320 is that peers are so important to adolescents,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00850-00300320-00300649 that just being around them is rewarding
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00851-00300649-00301056 and it activates the reward circuitry of the brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00852-00301056-00301367 in a way that makes adolescents more
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00853-00301367-00301877 attentive to the rewards of a risky decision. And that this may be why
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00854-00301877-00302018 adolescents do
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00855-00302018-00302359 a lotta reckless things when they're with their friends, that they don't by themselves,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00856-00302359-00302716 because they're paying more attention to the potential rewards--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00857-00302716-00303056 right--of what they might what they might get.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00858-00303056-00303481 So we also showed that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00859-00303481-00303795 in fact if we measure the amount
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00860-00303795-00304119 activation in this reward region
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00861-00304119-00304527 at the time people are making a decision to go or stop
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00862-00304527-00304861 the more activation there is, the more likely they are to run
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00863-00304861-00305215 the intersection. So we've now linked this particular
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00864-00305215-00305600 area of brain activation to the risky decision itself .
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00865-00306200-00306414 That's a--we, we now in our lab
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00866-00306414-00306959 are looking at whether this -- how much this has to do with reward, rather
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00867-00306959-00307038 than risk.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00868-00307038-00307390 Alright? So we have a game that we're  sing here
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00869-00307390-00307714 to reward tasks, that we call High-Low. Your job
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00870-00307714-00308136 is simply to predict whether a card that gets flipped over is going to be above the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00871-00308136-00308223 number five
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00872-00308223-00308714 or below the number five. That's it. We show you a queue
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00873-00308714-00309108 with piles of coins, we say, "Okay, above or below?"
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00874-00309108-00309529 We tell you what it was, and then we give you an outcome 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00875-00309529-00309738 depending upon whether you guessed correctly
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00876-00309738-00310080 or not. But there's no risk involved. You can't lose any money in this, 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00877-00310080-00310470 you can just gain money. And we have
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00878-00310470-00311000 three different reward queus: large, small and no rewards at all.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00879-00311000-00311210 And what we find is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00880-00311210-00311578 when adolescents are shown a picture of a big pile of money,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00881-00311578-00312031 they activate their reward regions
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00882-00312031-00312450 more when their friends are watching them than when they do this task alone.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00883-00312450-00312840 Adults don't show any different patterns of activation.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00884-00312840-00313159 So it it's it in the presence of a big reward
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00885-00313159-00313550 and with friends watching that we get this extra activation.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00886-00313550-00313900 Let me tell you something that I think,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00887-00313900-00314313 having been working in this area, or working in adolescent development for 35
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00888-00314313-00314368 years now,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00889-00314368-00314741 is the single coolest finding any of my
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00890-00314741-00315180 labs has ever come up with. It's not published yet; it's so new that I didn't even
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00891-00315180-00315516 have time to prepare a slide for this, but it's really
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00892-00315516-00316016 amazing. So we have this basic finding that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00893-00316016-00316360 adolescents take more chances when they're with their friends,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00894-00316360-00316666 and that it seems to be because the presence if their friends
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00895-00316666-00317015 activates their reward systems, and that makes them pay attention to the rewards
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00896-00317015-00317474 of a risky choice. But now the risk-taking that we engage in in our lab are like, you
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00897-00317474-00317514 know,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00898-00317514-00317924 a fake video driving game or a gambling task or something like that.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00899-00317924-00318331 How do we know that this didn't--is really going on in the real world, too?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00900-00318331-00318711 Well, you know and the National insti--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00901-00319019-00319383 The National Institutes of Health is very interested in seeing if we can lower
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00902-00319383-00319605 adolescents' use of alcohol and illicit drugs.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00903-00319605-00320050 So we were curious as to whether being around friends would make adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00904-00320050-00320220 drink more alcohol.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00905-00320220-00320546 So we called our program officer at NIH,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00906-00320546-00321147 and they said, "Well, the problem is, you really can't give adolescents any alcohol"
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00907-00321147-00321459 We said, "Well, we have a colleague in the Netherlands.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00908-00321459-00321851 We checked in the Netherlands you can give them anything.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00909-00321851-00322201 In the Netherlands, actually for scientific purposes, you can give
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00910-00322201-00322623 people alcohol at the age of 16." The NIH said, "No,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00911-00322623-00322994 you can't use American dollars to do research
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00912-00322994-00323319 in countries, even where it's legal for adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00913-00323319-00323724 to drink. As they said, it doesn't pass the Washington Post,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00914-00323724-00324201 you know, test. NIH funds researchers to get adolescents drunk.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00915-00324201-00324540 Not good. Well, we wanted to do it anyway.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00917-00324844-00325281 So we used mice. 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00918-00325281-00325602 A colleague and I at temple bred
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00919-00325602-00325909 a strain of mice that we know drinks alcohol,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00920-00325909-00326222 if presented with alcohol. And they were raised--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00921-00326222-00326546 they were weaned--and they were raised in cages with two other
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00922-00326546-00326907 mice who were from different litters, so they're not genetically related
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00923-00326907-00327224 to each other. And then
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00924-00327224-00327617 after they had reach adolescence or adulthood
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00925-00327617-00328015 and remember, mice go through puberty just like human adolescents do, and we know
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00926-00328015-00328148 exactly what day,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00927-00328148-00328617 you know, a mouse is going through puberty, so we randomly assigned these mice
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00928-00328617-00329002 to be put into a cage with access to
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00929-00329002-00329435 alcohol--little spouts--either by themselves
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00930-00329435-00329790 or with the people that they had been (people!) with the mice they had been
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00931-00329790-00329855 raised with.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00932-00329855-00330396 Okay, so you get the idea. And we randomly tested half of the mice
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00933-00330396-00330789 when they were adolescents, and half the mice
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00934-00330789-00331308 when they were adults. And guess what! Adolescent mice
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00935-00331308-00331643 drink more alcohol when they're with other mice than they do when they're
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00936-00331643-00331704 alone,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00937-00331704-00332089 but adult mice don't differ in how much they drink alcohol
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00938-00332089-00332470 when they're by themselves, versus when they're alone. That, I think, is a very cool
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00939-00332470-00332754 finding. And the reason I think it's very cool, is that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00940-00332754-00333120 it argues against some other explanations for why adolescents take 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00941-00333120-00333173 risks
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00942-00333173-00333465 when they're with their friends. It's not,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00943-00333465-00333849 you know, I don't think those mice were exerting peer pressure on them to drink.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00944-00333849-00334224 It wasn't because they wanted to elevate their status
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00945-00334224-00334739 in the presence of the other mice. Its because being around your peers,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00946-00334739-00335049 when you're an adolescent, does something to your brain
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00947-00335049-00335359 that makes you more likely to seek rewards.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00948-00335359-00335764 So we're now gonna pursue this further and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00949-00335764-00336148 look more closely at the mice brains in ways that we couldn't do
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00950-00336148-00336582 with adolescent brains to see what is going on.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00951-00336582-00336905 Just to wrap-up--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00952-00336905-00337336 adolescents take more risks than children do
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00953-00337336-00337753 because there is this excitation of this reward system
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00954-00337753-00338189 in the context of an immature cognitive control system. And this is
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00955-00338189-00338526 heightened are by the
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00956-00338526-00338878 increasing susceptibility to peer influence that takes place between childhood 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00957-00338878-00339186 and adolescence. Risk-taking declines
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00958-00339186-00339672 because we get this maturation of the cognitive control system,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00959-00339672-00340204 we get a drop off in this dopamine activity that drives this reward-
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00960-00340204-00340563 seeking, and we get increases resistance to peer pressure.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00961-00340563-00340899 But,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00962-00340899-00341222 you know, I I think that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00963-00341222-00341738 it's important to recognize that developmental immaturity is not a
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00964-00341738-00341849 disability.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00965-00341849-00342209 Adolescence is not a mental illness of some sort.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00966-00342209-00342515 This is an aspect--saying that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00967-00342515-00342951 adolescents' brains art disabled in some way,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00968-00342951-00343270 is like saying that the reason that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00969-00343270-00343659 infants don't walk is that they're disabled.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00970-00343659-00343988 Right? That's not the reason infants don't walk.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00971-00343988-00344394 The reason they don't walk is that it hasn't yet developed. And the reason that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00972-00344394-00344542 adolescents don't make
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00973-00344542-00344975 adult-like, mature decisions is not that they're disabled in some way or
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00974-00344975-00345148 defective in some way.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00975-00345148-00345619 It's that they're still developing I want to raise that here because
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00976-00345619-00346027 my colleagues and I sometimes get criticized by youth advocates for
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00977-00346027-00346480 for portraying kids in a negative light.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00978-00346488-00346860 I don't think that that's what we're doing at all, and I hope you don't take that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00979-00346860-00347216 as a message at all. We're not portraying them in a negative light.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00980-00347216-00347652 In fact, I think it's perfectly normative that adolescents do what they do, for
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00981-00347652-00347746 reasons that I
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00982-00347746-00348055 explained. But I think from a public health perspective,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00983-00348055-00348373 we need to understand that adolescents are not adults.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00984-00348373-00348742 And they need different kinds of protections and supports.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00985-00348742-00349061 Not because they're disabled, but because they're still 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00986-00349061-00349428 developing. Though--more mice data--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00987-00349428-00349847 reward-seeking is part of what it means to be an adolescent. So these are
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00988-00349847-00350315 human data on how many drinks people will have per occasion--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00989-00350315-00350748 red being adolescents, blue being adults.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00990-00350748-00351132 And these are data on mice, or rats--rats,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00991-00351132-00351480 on how many drinks they will have per occasion when they're adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00992-00351480-00351838 versus adults. Reward-seeking is built
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00993-00351838-00352216 into adolescence; it's a thing about the developmental
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00994-00352216-00352573 period. But we also know
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00995-00352573-00352948 the cognitive control can be improved, right?
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00996-00352948-00353280 There are interesting studies coming out in the literature now, showing
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00997-00353280-00353593 that we can give people
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00998-00353593-00353968 training that improves their cognitive control,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-00999-00353968-00354478 and that can be seen in changes in brain structure,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01000-00354478-00354859 by looking at changes in gray matter
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01001-00354859-00355178 in regions that should be affected by the training.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01002-00355178-00355510 So it's not as if there's nothing we can do about this.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01003-00355510-00356041 Just to conclude then,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01004-00356041-00356405 that adolescents are still developing neuro-biologically
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01005-00356405-00356883 and behaviorally; that they mature intellectually before they mature
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01006-00356883-00357285 socially and emotionally; that heightened risk taking
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01007-00357285-00357606 may be an inherent characteristic
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01008-00357606-00358051 of the period, but that risk-taking is not inherently bad.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01009-00358051-00358651 We don't want our kids to never take risks.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01010-00358651-00359194 We want them to get up on stage and act. We want them to try out for the soccer team.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01011-00359194-00359586 We want them to ask that person out on a date, that they really nervous about
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01012-00359586-00359965 calling. We just need to find ways of protecting them
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01013-00359965-00360306 from risk-taking that's dangerous or harmful.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01014-00360306-00360775 But that simply informing adolescents
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01015-00360775-00361094 about risks doesn't work, and we should give up
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01016-00361094-00361419 on that as the only strategy that we use.
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01017-00361419-00361728 So what we need to do
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01018-00361728-00362177 is we need to construct situations that allow adolescents to engage
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01019-00362177-00362709 in safe risk-taking. That we need to implement policies that protect
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01020-00362709-00363209 adolescents from themselves. One of my favorite examples of this
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01021-00363209-00363574 is increasing the price things like cigarettes
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01022-00363574-00364099 and alcohol, which has been the most effective intervention to get fewer kids
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01023-00364099-00364489 to use those substances than any school-based education program
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01024-00364489-00364999 has ever accomplished. Increasing after-school programming for kids--I know
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01025-00364999-00365061 something that
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01026-00365061-00365385 that you, that your group has been interested in. A lot of the activities
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01027-00365385-00365513 that kids do that are risky,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01028-00365513-00365845 they do when they are alone-I mean with their friends and
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01029-00365845-00366222 without adults present. Increasing good after-school programming for kids
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01030-00366222-00366771 changes that situation. We can facilitate the development of cognitive control through 
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01031-00366771-00367261 educational programming that is challenging. The kind of rote memorization
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01032-00367261-00367685 that has taken over our secondary schools is not helping
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01033-00367685-00368044 kids develop the kinds of cognitive capacities
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01034-00368044-00368460 that they need in order, not only to learn advanced math, science, history,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01035-00368460-00368533 whatever--
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01036-00368533-00368852 but in order to engage in safer, healthier
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01037-00368852-00369226 behavior. And we need to help parents and educators
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01038-00369226-00369597 learn about adolescents and about the importance
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01039-00369597-00369965 of providing structure and limits, as Abby said. While
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01040-00369965-00370409 the frontal lobe is still developing we have to teach parents and educators
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01041-00370409-00370594 how to be the external
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01042-00370594-00370923 regulator for individuals who are still going through a period
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01043-00370923-00371225 of low self-regulation. So
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01044-00371225-00371553 I've covered a lot of ground. The science behind
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01045-00371553-00371999 the the studies I've presented can all be downloaded from our lab's website,
iwiu_gqbbHQ-01046-00371999-00372308 at Temple, and I thank you for your attention.
iBVWXNUPW0g-00000-00000439-00000809 >>> MY FATHER LIVED A REMARKABLE LIFE, AND IT'S NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE
iBVWXNUPW0g-00001-00000826-00001126 TO BOIL DOWN ALL THAT HE DID,    THE IMPACT HE HAD AND ALL THAT  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00002-00001143-00002153 HE MEANT TO SO MANY PEOPLE, BUT  HERE IS OUR BEST ATTEMPT.       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00003-00002166-00002663 >> BRZEZINSKI, IS FEISTY,        AGGRESSIVE, INNOVATIVE.         
iBVWXNUPW0g-00004-00002676-00003373 >> THIS TASK FORCE CHAIRED BY    BRZEZINSKI.                     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00005-00003383-00003729 >> DR. BRZEZINSKI, I CAN'T SAY   ENOUGH ABOUT HIS CONTRIBUTION TO
iBVWXNUPW0g-00006-00003746-00004193 OUR COUNTRY.                     >> IN HIS LIFE, HE WAS CALLED A 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00007-00004203-00004616 PEACEMAKER, COLD WARRIOR,        HARDENED REALIST, BRIDGE        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00008-00004630-00004806 BUILDER.                         OTHERS CALLED HIM PROFESSOR,    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00009-00004819-00005253 MENTOR, AUTHOR AND FRIEND.       MANY CALLED HIM ONE OF THE MOST 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00010-00005266-00005499 INFLUENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY MINDS OF OUR TIME.                    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00011-00005513-00006313 TO THOSE WHO KNEW HIM HE WAS     SBIG, TO MY BROTHERS AND ME, HE 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00012-00006326-00006843 WAS DAD, TO HIS GRANDCHILDREN,   CHIEF, SALUTE AND ALL.          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00013-00006859-00008299 >> JOINING US, JOINING US DR.    ZIG KNEW BREZ SIN SKI.          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00014-00008313-00008496 >> CO-HOSTING THIS MO.           >> GOOD MORNING, MIKA.          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00015-00008509-00008759 YOU'RE STILL A GOOD GIRL.        >> I WAS.                       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00016-00008773-00008959 >> I WAS UNHINGING AS A CHILD,   RIGHT?                          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00017-00008973-00009319 >> YOU WERE VERY DIFFICULT.      >> WHAT ARE YOU WEARING, DAD?   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00018-00009333-00009873 HE'S GOING TO THE SERENGETI.     >> I'M SITTING HERE IN THIS ICE 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00019-00009886-00010226 BOX.                             IF YOU WERE SITTING HERE, YOU   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00020-00010239-00010509 WOULD BE WEARING A FUR COAT.     >> SHE WAS BORN IN WARSAW,      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00021-00010523-00010913 POLAND, IN 1928 WITH A FAMILY    LEGACY DEEPLY IMMERSED IN       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00022-00010933-00011366 DIPLOMACY AND SOME OF THE 20th   CENTURY'S MOST MOMENTOUS        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00023-00011379-00011846 CHALLENGES.                      HIS FATHER WAS A POLISH DIPLOMAT
iBVWXNUPW0g-00024-00011863-00012103 WHERE HE WITNESSED THE RISE OF   ADOLF HITLER.                   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00025-00012116-00012883 FROM 1936 TO '38, TAD BRZEZINSKI WAS POSTED TO THE SOVIET UNION  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00026-00012896-00013236 DURING STALIN'S PURGES.          IN 1938 THE FAMILY MOVED TO     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00027-00013253-00013779 CANADA WHERE A YOUNG BRZEZINSKI  WOULD SEE HIS HOMELAND CRUSHED, 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00028-00013796-00014149 FIRST BY HITLER'S GERMANY AND    THEN STALIN'S RUSSIA.           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00029-00014163-00014949 A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER THAT SET A  DECADES-LONG CRUSADE AGAINST    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00030-00014956-00015083 USSR.                            >> WORLD WAR II UNDER THE       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00031-00015096-00015386 APPEARANCE OF POLAND AND THE     EXTRAORDINARY VIOLENCE IN POLAND
iBVWXNUPW0g-00032-00015399-00015656 DID AFFECT MY PERCEPTION OF THE  WORD.                           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00033-00015673-00016013 >> HE EARNED A DOCTORATE AT      HARVARD WHERE HE MET AND MARRIED
iBVWXNUPW0g-00034-00016030-00016519 HIS WIFE OF ALMOST 60 YEARS, A   YOUNG WELLESLEY GRAD, PAINTER   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00035-00016536-00017436 AND SCULPTOR, AMELIA ANNA        BENNISH.                        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00036-00017449-00017879 BRZEZINSKI WOULD BE DENIED       TENURE AND TAKE HIS I'M         
iBVWXNUPW0g-00037-00017896-00018546 MEASURABLE TALENTS TO --         >> OFFERED A PERMANENT CHAIR AS 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00038-00018563-00018863 FULL PROFESSOR.                  I SAID THANK YOU VERY MUCH, I   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00039-00018883-00019703 PREFER TO BE WHERE I AM.         >> HE WOULD TEACH AT COLUMBIA   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00040-00019716-00020106 FOR DECADES AND RECENTLY         RECEIVED THE SCHOOL'S           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00041-00020119-00020449 PRESTIGIOUS GLOBAL LEADERSHIP    AWARD.                          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00042-00020463-00020693 IN 1958 HE BECAME AN AMERICAN    CITIZEN.                        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00043-00020710-00021456 >> THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION CAME UP AND PINNED   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00044-00021466-00022006 FLAGS TO THE LAP PET.            IN MY CASE, SHE DREW A LOT OF   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00045-00022019-00022456 BLOOD.                           I SAID I HAVE SHED MY BLOOD FOR 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00046-00022473-00022583 AMERICA.                        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00047-00022596-00023136 >> HE FOCUSED ON ONE OVERRIDING  GOAL, HOW TO EXPLOIT WEAKNESSES 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00048-00023156-00023429 IN THE SOVIET SYSTEM.            A YOUNG SENATOR LIKED WHAT HE   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00049-00023440-00023806 HEARD, TAPPING BRZEZINSKI FOR    HIS FOREIGN POLICY TASCY TASK F.
iBVWXNUPW0g-00050-00023820-00024156 YEARS LATER HE WOULD BRIEF       PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON AND    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00051-00024169-00024649 TAKE ON A ROLE AT LBJ'S STATE    DEPARTMENT.                     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00052-00024666-00025186 IT WAS THE 1970 Z WHEN DR.       BRZEZINSKI WAS THRUST ON THE    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00053-00025203-00025473 WORLD STAGE AS NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER TO PRESIDENT JIMMY      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00054-00025486-00025783 CARTER.                          THE FIRST ORDER OF BUSINESS,    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00055-00025796-00026013 LEARNING HOW TO PRONOUNCE HIS    NAME.                           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00056-00026026-00026826 >> HE SENT OUT A HANDWRITTEN     NOTE, NAME HOW TO SPELL AND     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00057-00026839-00027193 PRONOUNCE --                     >> DR. BIG KNEW BRZEZINSKI.     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00058-00027210-00027676 >> WHERE I SCREWED UP, THE W     SHOULD BE AN F, THEY SPELLED IT 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00059-00027689-00027993 WRONG ON YOUR BOOK.              >> SPELL THAT.                  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00060-00028010-00028489 >> Z B IGNIEW.                   [ BELL ].                       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00061-00028506-00029169 >> YOU ARE BY FAR THE BEST GUESS WE HAVE EVER HAD AS FAR AS      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00062-00029183-00029556 ACCUMULATED SCRABBLE POINTS.     >> SOON ENOUGH BIG KNEW         
iBVWXNUPW0g-00063-00029569-00029979 BRZEZINSKI DID BIG A HOUSEHOLD   NAME, SOMETHING ONLY POSSIBLE IN
iBVWXNUPW0g-00064-00029993-00030396 AMERICA.                         >> WHEN I WAS SWORN IN WITH THE 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00065-00030409-00030899 CABINET MEMBERS, I WALKED FROM   THAT TO MY NEW OFFICE AND I SAID
iBVWXNUPW0g-00066-00030916-00031369 TO MYSELF, FROM NOW ON, FOR THE  NEXT FOUR YEARS, EVERYTHING WILL
iBVWXNUPW0g-00067-00031383-00031873 BE DOMINATED WITH WHAT IS GOOD   FOR AMERICA, WHAT IS GOOD FOR   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00068-00031886-00032213 THE PRESIDENCY, AND I'M JUST     GOING TO GIVE IT MY ALL.        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00069-00032226-00032743 >> THAT INCLUDED PLAYING A       PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE 1978 CAMP   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00070-00032756-00033093 DAVID ACCORDS BRINGING TOGETHER  THE LEADERS OF EGYPT AND ISRAEL 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00071-00033110-00033496 FOR AN HISTORIC PEACE TREATY.    THAT SAME YEAR, THE U.S.        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00072-00033506-00033783 ESTABLISHED OFFICIAL DIPLOMATIC  RELATIONS WITH CHINA AFTER      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00073-00033796-00034176 MONTHS OF SECRET TALKS.          OUR FAMILY EVEN HOSTED THE      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00074-00034193-00034576 LEADER OF CHINA AT OUR FARMHOUSE IN McLEAN.                      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00075-00034589-00035013 THERE WAS A NUCLEAR ARMS TREATY  WITH THE SOVIET UNION AND A DEAL
iBVWXNUPW0g-00076-00035030-00035353 TO PEACEFULLY TRANSFER CONTROL   OF THE PANAMA CANAL.            
iBVWXNUPW0g-00077-00035370-00035733 BUT THERE WERE CHALLENGES, TOO.  CHIEF AMONG THEM, THE TAKING OF 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00078-00035750-00036343 AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN AND    THE FAILED 1980 MISSION TO SAVE 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00079-00036356-00036429 THEM.                            >> I WENT IN TO SEE THE         
iBVWXNUPW0g-00080-00036446-00036629 PRESIDENT.                       I INTERRUPTED HIM AND SAID I    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00081-00036646-00036809 HAVE TO SPEAK WITH YOU           IMMEDIATELY.                    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00082-00036826-00037013 WE WENT IN THE OR ROOM, AND I    TOLD HIM.                       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00083-00037026-00037469 I SAID TO HIM, LOOK, SOMETIMES   IN A SITUATION LIKE THIS ONE    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00084-00037486-00037893 TAKES A CHANCE.                  I WAS RATHER -- PERHAPS NOT     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00085-00037906-00038166 RESPONSIBLE OF ME TO SAY THAT TO HIM.                            
iBVWXNUPW0g-00086-00038179-00038469 I DID.                           I SAID WHY DON'T YOU ASK THE    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00087-00038483-00038829 FIELD COMMANDER WHETHER HE WANTS TO PROCEED WITH THE REST OF THE 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00088-00038846-00039016 MISSION.                         THE PRESIDENT PHONED THE        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00089-00039029-00039209 SECRETARY OF STATE -- DEFENSE    AND WE ASKED.                   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00090-00039226-00039499 HE SAID, NO, IT'S BELOW THE      MINIMUM.                        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00091-00039513-00039856 WE DON'T GO ON.                  THE ORDER WAS GIVEN TO GO BACK. 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00092-00039869-00040139 THAT'S WHEN THE ACCIDENT         OCCURRED, ONE OF THE            
iBVWXNUPW0g-00093-00040153-00040576 HELICOPTERS -- THEN ONE OF THE   OTHER HELICOPTERS COLLIDED WITH 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00094-00040583-00040823 A PLANE.                         >> AND THERE WAS THAT 3:00 A.M. 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00095-00040836-00041379 PHONE CALL WHEN IN 1979 DR.      BRZEZINSKI WAS AWOKEN WITH THE  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00096-00041396-00041663 NEWS OF AN IMMINENT NIEK LAR     STRIKE AGAINST THE UNITED       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00097-00041679-00041896 STATES.                          MOMENTS LATER, A SECOND CALL.   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00098-00041903-00042233 AMERICA WAS UNDER ALL-OUT        ATTACK.                         
iBVWXNUPW0g-00099-00042246-00042613 AS HE PREPARED TO WAKE THE       PRESIDENT AND RECOMMEND A KOUPT 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00100-00042626-00043123 STRIKE AGAINST THE SOVIETS, A    THIRD CALL CAME, THIS ONE CITING
iBVWXNUPW0g-00101-00043136-00043499 A FALSE ALARM.                   IT WAS ONE OF THE MOMENTS THAT  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00102-00043513-00043743 HELPED FORGE A LASTING BOND      BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND HIS   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00103-00043756-00043989 ADVISER THOUGH THEY DIDN'T       ALWAYS SEE EYE TO EYE.          
iBVWXNUPW0g-00104-00044003-00044259 >> I HAVE PICTURES OF YOU        JOGGING WITH THE PRESIDENT.     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00105-00044273-00045356 >> HE WROTE ON THIS              PHOTOGRAPH,ZBIG, AT LEAST ONCE  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00106-00045373-00045579 WE ARE IN STEP.                  WHICH ALLUDES TO THE FACT THAT I
iBVWXNUPW0g-00107-00045593-00045799 WOULD TAKE A DIFFERENT POSITION  AND WE WOULD DISCUSS IT.        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00108-00045813-00046329 >> ONE DAY THE SECRETARY CAME TO MY OFFICE WITH A SLIGHT SNEER ON
iBVWXNUPW0g-00109-00046343-00046569 HER FACE AND HAD AN ENVELOPE IN  HER HAND.                       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00110-00046586-00046876 I LOOKED AT HER AND I SAW GREEN  STATIONARY.                     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00111-00046889-00047063 THAT'S A NOTE FROM THE           PRESIDENT.                      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00112-00047076-00047599 I OPENED IT AND IT SAID, ZBIG,   DON'T YOU EVER KNOW WHEN TO     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00113-00047613-00047863 STOP?                            >> IN THE EYES OF A DAUGHTER,   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00114-00047876-00048526 THE CARTER WHITE HOUSE           CULMINATED IN THE VISION OF HER 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00115-00048533-00048669 FATHER RECEIVING THE MEDAL OF    FREEDOM FROM THE LEADER OF THE  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00116-00048683-00049229 FREE WORLD.                      AFTER THE 1980 ELECTION, DR.    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00117-00049243-00049503 BRZEZINSKI WOULD RETURN TO       TEACHING AND WRITING.           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00118-00049516-00049949 >> HI, MIKE, I'VE BEEN HERE A    HELL OF A LONG TIME.            
iBVWXNUPW0g-00119-00049963-00050173 >> OKAY.                         LET'S GET GOING.                
iBVWXNUPW0g-00120-00050186-00050553 >> DR. BRZEZINSKI NEVER LET      PARTISAN POLAN POLITICS GET IN Y
iBVWXNUPW0g-00121-00050566-00051076 OF WHAT HE CONSIDERED HIS        PATRIOTIC CALLING, SUPPORTING A 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00122-00051089-00051309 REPUBLICAN FOR PRESIDENT IN      1988.                           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00123-00051323-00051763 >> GEORGE BUSH IS ONE THAT CAN   BEST FASHION AN EFFECTIVE       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00124-00051776-00052109 BIPARTISAN FOREIGN POLICY.       >> A DEMOCRAT TWO DECADES LATER.
iBVWXNUPW0g-00125-00052123-00052429 >> I GIVE YOU BARACK OBAMA.      >> HIS OWN CHILDREN FOLLOWED IN 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00126-00052450-00052613 HIS FOOTSTEPS INTO PUBLIC        SERVICE.                        
iBVWXNUPW0g-00127-00052629-00052883 MY BROTHER MARK WAS U.S.         AMBASSADOR TO SWEDEN.           
iBVWXNUPW0g-00128-00052896-00053233 AND IAN, A SENIOR PENTAGON       OFFICIAL.                       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00129-00053246-00053616 MY CAREER IN JOURNALISM SET THE  STAGE FOR THAT CRINGE-WORTHY    
iBVWXNUPW0g-00130-00053629-00054046 EXCHANGE BACK IN 2008 WHEN MY    DAD TOOK ISSUE WITH JOE'S       
iBVWXNUPW0g-00131-00054063-00054469 ANALYSIS OF THE MIDDLE EAST.     >> YOU AND I BOTH KNOW BILL     
iBVWXNUPW0g-00132-00054486-00054909 CLINTON GAVE ARAFAT AND THE      PALESTINIANS EVERYTHING HE      
iBVWXNUPW0g-00133-00054926-00055179 WANTED.                          >> SUCH A STUNNINGLY SUPERFICIAL
iBVWXNUPW0g-00134-00055186-00055526 KNOWLEDGE THAT ALMOST WENT ON.   >> MY FATHER ALWAYS SPOKE HIS   
iBVWXNUPW0g-00135-00055543-00055946 MIND, TO FRIENDS AND FOES ALIKE, BOTH ON AND OFF CAMERA, ALWAYS  
iBVWXNUPW0g-00136-00055959-00056289 DRIVEN BY A STRATEGIC VISION TO  MAKE THE COUNTRY THAT OPENS ITS 
iBVWXNUPW0g-00137-00056303-00057026 ARMS TO HIS FAMILY A SAFER AND   STRONGER NATION.                
iBVWXNUPW0g-00138-00057039-00057213 DR. BRZEZINSKI,, MY DAD, OUR    
iDwPhrg1EgE-00000-00000044-00000911 the SAR signatures of oil speeds may have a number of aspects on SAR images depending
iDwPhrg1EgE-00001-00000911-00001575 upon their age depending upon the sea state conditions depending upon the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00002-00001575-00002276 observation configuration they may be affected by the radar frequency by the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00003-00002276-00002799 polarization by the incidence angle but basically the wind speed is the most
iDwPhrg1EgE-00004-00002799-00003586 limiting factor so how do wind conditions influence the way SAR image oil spills
iDwPhrg1EgE-00005-00003586-00004116 partically in the case of C-band which is the typical range of the SAR we use
iDwPhrg1EgE-00006-00004116-00004917 for oil spill detection under low wind conditions let's say below to three
iDwPhrg1EgE-00007-00004917-00005421 meters per second the contrast between oil polluted areas
iDwPhrg1EgE-00008-00005421-00006032 and clean water may be very weak making the old detection very difficult and
iDwPhrg1EgE-00009-00006032-00006734 such low wind conditions are also favorable to the generation of natural
iDwPhrg1EgE-00010-00006734-00007292 films that have SAR signature very similar to oil and that may lead to
iDwPhrg1EgE-00011-00007292-00008411 misinterpretation moderate winds ranging between 3 to 10 to 12 meters per second
iDwPhrg1EgE-00012-00008411-00009093 are the typical range of wind speeds that allow good detection in general of
iDwPhrg1EgE-00013-00009093-00010061 oil detection but at high winds above 12 15 meters per seconds then the oil
iDwPhrg1EgE-00014-00010061-00010593 detection is limited by turbulence and waves that disperses oil in the water
iDwPhrg1EgE-00015-00010593-00011339 column so how does work an oil spill detection service in fact the trickiest
iDwPhrg1EgE-00016-00011339-00011895 part of an oil spill detection service consists in distinguishing real oil
iDwPhrg1EgE-00017-00011895-00012590 spills with look-alikes there are a number of natural phenomena
iDwPhrg1EgE-00018-00012590-00013371 in the open sea that have SAR signature that could be interpreted as oil and
iDwPhrg1EgE-00019-00013371-00014180 erroneously reported as such we call them false alarms false alarms may arise from
iDwPhrg1EgE-00020-00014180-00014871 a number of situations for instance wave current interactions between two water
iDwPhrg1EgE-00021-00014871-00015513 masses that generate convergence area that result in a decrease of the sea
iDwPhrg1EgE-00022-00015513-00016044 surface roughness and that could be interpreted as oil spill, false alarm may
iDwPhrg1EgE-00023-00016044-00016884 also arise for instance from cold water insertion into a warmer system that also
iDwPhrg1EgE-00024-00016884-00017465 lead to a darker area in a SAR image and that could be mistaken as oil spill
iDwPhrg1EgE-00025-00017465-00018083 there are often low wind conditions that are encountered in the lay of islands in
iDwPhrg1EgE-00026-00018083-00018804 the lay of mountains and that may also be confused with oil spills SAR signature
iDwPhrg1EgE-00027-00018804-00019281 so there are a number of situations we could also mention upwelling areas
iDwPhrg1EgE-00028-00019281-00020160 natural films all this situation that are very confusing to solve all this
iDwPhrg1EgE-00029-00020160-00020985 ambiguous situation the experience of the analyst who supervises the oil spill
iDwPhrg1EgE-00030-00020985-00021537 detection service is essential I would even say this is probably one of the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00031-00021537-00021954 most important part of an oil spill detection service the common timeliness
iDwPhrg1EgE-00032-00021954-00022647 requirement now established by the EMSA (European Maritime Service Agency) client service is 30 minutes laps
iDwPhrg1EgE-00033-00022647-00023249 between the acquisition of the SAR image and the delivery of the oil spill report
iDwPhrg1EgE-00034-00023249-00023625 this delay may even be reduced in 20 minutes
iDwPhrg1EgE-00035-00023625-00024203 whenever an oil spill is ongoing during the acquisition time of the SAR image
iDwPhrg1EgE-00036-00024203-00024732 reducing this delay increases the chances to catch the polluting vessel
iDwPhrg1EgE-00037-00024732-00025527 red-handed the such short delay can only be achieved if the SAR image is downlink
iDwPhrg1EgE-00038-00025527-00025994 to the nearest ground station right after the acquisition
iDwPhrg1EgE-00039-00026041-00026947 the service chain roughly consists of three main processing steps the first
iDwPhrg1EgE-00040-00026947-00027502 one the SAR telemetry is downlink to the ground station then processed from
iDwPhrg1EgE-00041-00027502-00027962 level zero to level one to get SAR image then up to level two products
iDwPhrg1EgE-00042-00027962-00028577 value-added products like map of detected ships map of wind measures from
iDwPhrg1EgE-00043-00028577-00029277 the SAR image and map of swells this takes approximately five to ten minutes
iDwPhrg1EgE-00044-00029277-00030080 then the SAR image is analyzed by a well trained operator all detected ships
iDwPhrg1EgE-00045-00030080-00030781 or potential oil spills are checked qualified confirmed by the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00046-00030781-00031558 analyst if there is an oil pollution the analyst will even try to identify the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00047-00031558-00032056 potential source of pollution using ancillary information like AIS the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00048-00032056-00032636 automatic identification system or an oil spill drift model this takes
iDwPhrg1EgE-00049-00032636-00033461 approximately ten to fifteen twenty minutes and finally all this information
iDwPhrg1EgE-00050-00033461-00033934 is compiled in an oil spill detection report containing information
iDwPhrg1EgE-00051-00033934-00034627 on oil ships winds waves even quality parameters and this oil spill detection
iDwPhrg1EgE-00052-00034627-00035293 report is sent to the final end users within the remaining five minutes the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00053-00035293-00036115 CleanSeaNet service has been in operation since 2007 with more than two thousand
iDwPhrg1EgE-00054-00036115-00036611 and five hundred SAR images analyzed on a yearly basis it has clearly
iDwPhrg1EgE-00055-00036611-00037258 demonstrated its deterrent effect on polluting vessels over this period the
iDwPhrg1EgE-00056-00037258-00037816 number of oil spills detected per square kilometer has been divided by three over
iDwPhrg1EgE-00057-00037816-00038575 the European waters but there are many other applications now for maritime
iDwPhrg1EgE-00058-00038575-00039076 surveillance that are provided within the frame of the Copernicus maritime
iDwPhrg1EgE-00059-00039076-00039638 security for instance the detection of illegal
iDwPhrg1EgE-00060-00039638-00040487 fishing activities that aim at detecting illegal vessels within restricted areas
iDwPhrg1EgE-00061-00040487-00041371 just like the exclusive economic zones SAR images are also used to survey
iDwPhrg1EgE-00062-00041371-00041891 maritime frontiers to support the detection of small ships full of
iDwPhrg1EgE-00063-00041891-00042491 refugees in the Mediterranean Sea for instance SAR images are also used to
iDwPhrg1EgE-00064-00042491-00042968 better understand and to monitor enviromental crimes such as illegal
iDwPhrg1EgE-00065-00042968-00043639 logging and its associated traffic through maritime ways
iEJJpjfWmcy-00000-00000141-00000573 𝄞
iEJJpjfWmcy-00001-00000573-00001139 "Itzi Bitzi Mitzi of Krumpetville"
iEJJpjfWmcy-00002-00001517-00002026 One day when Itzi Bitzi Mitzi went shopping for furniture, she--
iGSbcR4_flA-00000-00000600-00001669 She earned the nickname 'The Body' just a few years into her modeling career back in the 80s.
iGSbcR4_flA-00001-00001819-00003356 And Elle MacPherson proved the moniker is now just as valid as ever as she hit the beach in the Bahamas on Monday while celebrating New Year's Day in the tropical destination.
iGSbcR4_flA-00002-00003506-00004928 The model, 53, showed off her incredible abs in a brightly-colored floral bandeau bikini as she soaked up the sun on her festive break.
iGSbcR4_flA-00003-00005078-00006631 Displaying her golden tan as she wandered along the shore, the TV personality sensibly protected her face from the rays with a straw hat and circular sunglasses.
iGSbcR4_flA-00004-00006781-00007944 The mother-of-two accessorized with a selection of gold pendants, and went make-up free for her beach day.
iGSbcR4_flA-00005-00008094-00009607 The lingerie and swimwear designer wore her long blonde locks loose around her shoulders, as she headed off into the picture-perfect turquoise ocean for a dip. 
iGSbcR4_flA-00006-00009757-00011668 Elle's beach appearance comes after the Australian supermodel caused confusion when she appeared to delete an  snap of her ex-partner and long-time friend Arpad Busson, 54, on Boxing Day (December 26).
iGSbcR4_flA-00007-00011818-00013487 The cover girl had uploaded an image of her spending time with the French financier - who is the father of her two sons Flynn, 19 and Aurelius, 14 - over Christmas.
iGSbcR4_flA-00008-00013637-00015234 Back on December 14, the beauty pulled the same move, but on that occasion the image was of her estranged husband Jeffrey Soffer, amid reports the pair had split. 
iM0GhO_XtJy-00000-00000523-00000723 Hey everybody, it's October 3rd
iM0GhO_XtJy-00001-00000763-00001217 So today I'm going to be taking you into my kitchen and I'm gonna be showing you how to make a burn bookcase
iM0GhO_XtJy-00002-00001217-00001586 So according to the internet calcium virus kind of tastes like chocolate peanut butter cookie dough
iM0GhO_XtJy-00003-00001587-00001838 This is weird nutrition bars my longest wait
iM0GhO_XtJy-00004-00001867-00002405 So we're gonna try to make that into a cake today to celebrate the fact that it is Wednesday, October
iM0GhO_XtJy-00005-00002422-00003068 The 3rd on Wednesdays we wear pink. I wear anything to celebrate this cake is going to be a multi layered cake
iM0GhO_XtJy-00006-00003068-00003605 The layers are going to be a chocolate cake Vanna frosting and a cookie dough frosting. Let's go and get started
iM0GhO_XtJy-00007-00003607-00003998 Okay, so I got my sugar in the bowl. We're just gonna start adding all the wet ingredients
iM0GhO_XtJy-00008-00004011-00004362 It's gonna have eggs the butter milk and vinegar and the oil
iM0GhO_XtJy-00009-00004578-00004814 We're gonna add the vanilla and the coffee
iM0GhO_XtJy-00010-00005159-00005404 And now we're going to add in the sifted dry ingredients
iM0GhO_XtJy-00011-00007209-00007848 Mixed our batter so that it's a nice smooth consistency. We're just gonna pour it into our pan
iM0GhO_XtJy-00012-00008145-00008366 Now our cake is ready to put into the oven a
iM0GhO_XtJy-00013-00008383-00008835 Few minutes later now our cake is ready and it's out of the oven. It's ready to cool
iM0GhO_XtJy-00014-00008835-00009038 it's time to take it out of the tray a
iM0GhO_XtJy-00015-00009217-00009798 Few minutes later now that the cake is cooled down up down its gonna cut the top off and it's flattened the cake out now
iM0GhO_XtJy-00016-00010183-00010923 We're just going to trim the edges of the key so we can sharpen up the edges before we decorate it
iM0GhO_XtJy-00017-00011558-00011758 Now we're just going to cut the cake in half
iM0GhO_XtJy-00018-00012187-00012788 And now we're just going to slice our cake in half this way to turn this into two layers
iM0GhO_XtJy-00019-00013354-00013622 We're just going to put pieces of parchment paper in between
iM0GhO_XtJy-00020-00013708-00014258 So that our cake doesn't get stuck together and we're gonna do the exact same to this side
iM0GhO_XtJy-00021-00014497-00015138 We're just going to separate our pieces of cake using parchment paper so that it don't get stuck together
iM0GhO_XtJy-00022-00015534-00015847 So this is what the cakes look like all stacked up
iM0GhO_XtJy-00023-00015906-00016241 With the layers of parchment paper in between the cakes
iM0GhO_XtJy-00024-00016296-00016657 We're just gonna pop these into the freezer while we're make our icing
iM0GhO_XtJy-00025-00016863-00017386 All right now to make the buttercream so we're just gonna take my cup of butter we're gonna toss it into our mixer
iM0GhO_XtJy-00026-00017759-00017959 Now we're gonna add in the icing sugar
iM0GhO_XtJy-00027-00018331-00018786 For our cookie dough icing we're just gonna add a little bit of vanilla
iM0GhO_XtJy-00028-00018962-00019162 a little bit of cream
iM0GhO_XtJy-00029-00019234-00019862 And just keep beating that until it's light and fluffy so now that the butter and the icing sugar is a nice consistency
iM0GhO_XtJy-00030-00019863-00020171 It's gonna add the brown sugar and the chocolate chips
iM0GhO_XtJy-00031-00020359-00020559 And a little bit of the flower
iM0GhO_XtJy-00032-00020774-00021027 So this is what the chocolate-chip cookie dough
iM0GhO_XtJy-00033-00021068-00021619 Filling looks like as you can see it's loaded with chocolate chips and it is a thick creamy
iM0GhO_XtJy-00034-00021644-00022341 Consistency a little bit thicker than your traditional buttercream, but still way creamier and easier to spread than a regular cookie dough
iM0GhO_XtJy-00035-00022570-00022923 So we're just gonna take a cup of butter now we're gonna add in the icing sugar
iM0GhO_XtJy-00036-00023243-00023751 We're just gonna keep whipping up the butter and icing sugar for a little bit so that everything is nice and smooth and then we're
iM0GhO_XtJy-00037-00023751-00023951 gonna add in our peanut butter
iM0GhO_XtJy-00038-00024095-00024310 About 1 cup of peanut butter
iM0GhO_XtJy-00039-00024968-00025318 So this is what the peanutbutter buttercream looks like as you can see
iM0GhO_XtJy-00040-00025318-00025914 It's super creamy perfect for spreading onto a cake. So start off by decorating the cake
iM0GhO_XtJy-00041-00025914-00026350 We're just gonna put a little bit icing down to secure our first layer to our paper
iM0GhO_XtJy-00042-00026513-00027288 I'm just gonna pipe a little border around the edges. Then we're gonna add our cookie dough buttercream spread a layer of that on
iM0GhO_XtJy-00043-00027661-00028139 We're gonna put on our second layer of cake and then we're going to repeat the process
iM0GhO_XtJy-00044-00030644-00031111 I'm just gonna ice the top and I'm gonna dirty-ice the whole cake with the peanut butter buttercream
iM0GhO_XtJy-00045-00032702-00033259 Now that the cake has been dirty-ice it's time to pop it into the freezer a few minutes later
iM0GhO_XtJy-00046-00033362-00033597 Now I'm just going to cut this cake
iM0GhO_XtJy-00047-00033698-00033961 To make it perfectly this way
iM0GhO_XtJy-00048-00034999-00035369 So I'm just going to cover the edges that I cut with a little bit more buttercream
iM0GhO_XtJy-00049-00035722-00036282 Now I'm just gonna take a plastic bowl scraper and scrape the sides of my cake so that it's nice and
iM0GhO_XtJy-00050-00036598-00037290 Then I'm going to take my spatula and just pull the little bits that are on top and inside just to smooth it all out
iM0GhO_XtJy-00051-00037675-00037890 Now just taking a small paring knife
iM0GhO_XtJy-00052-00037890-00038655 I'm just gonna go around the edges of the cake board just to clean up any leftover icing that may have gotten onto the board
iM0GhO_XtJy-00053-00039106-00039438 Sorry now we're just going to roll out the fondant for our cake
iM0GhO_XtJy-00054-00040435-00040808 So now that the barefoot cake is all coming up
iM0GhO_XtJy-00055-00040809-00041334 We're just gotta take one of the fun and decorating to us and go down the side of this K to give it the appearance
iM0GhO_XtJy-00056-00041344-00041735 Of a book it's gonna be really careful that you don't trash the fondant
iM0GhO_XtJy-00057-00041736-00042348 If you do, it's okay because in the movie the burn book is kind of like an older journal. That's all beaten up
iM0GhO_XtJy-00058-00042348-00042575 So just going down the side of the cake like this
iM0GhO_XtJy-00059-00042604-00043277 I'm just smoothing out any like as you can see the book now kind of has a part for the spine now
iM0GhO_XtJy-00060-00043278-00044010 I'm just taking the same fondant tool and I'm just going to create a divot right here so we can create some three-dimensional
iM0GhO_XtJy-00061-00044029-00044218 Shape for when we add the pages
iM0GhO_XtJy-00062-00044218-00044889 We're gonna do the same to the bottom creating a spine that lines up with the first slide that we created that makes any sense
iM0GhO_XtJy-00063-00044932-00045407 Now I picked the ugliest side where my fondant and head cracked a bit to do the pages over top
iM0GhO_XtJy-00064-00045433-00045860 We're just going to go around the whole entire cake to create that 3-dimensional book shape
iM0GhO_XtJy-00065-00046120-00046400 Just smooth it out any way you see that it needs to be
iM0GhO_XtJy-00066-00047747-00048230 And now that we've kind of cut out of the shape of our book we're just gonna stick our pages all
iM0GhO_XtJy-00067-00048286-00048803 Along the Sun sofa pages. We're just gonna take some white fondant and roll it up nicely then
iM0GhO_XtJy-00068-00048858-00049151 We're gonna cut it into long thin strips
iM0GhO_XtJy-00069-00049197-00049553 So we're just gonna take a strip of fondant and we're gonna take one of our fondant tools
iM0GhO_XtJy-00070-00049553-00049753 so we're just gonna gently press on the
iM0GhO_XtJy-00071-00049768-00050228 Edge of our fondant and by doing so we're gonna flatten it and kind of create this
iM0GhO_XtJy-00072-00050236-00050930 almost ripple like effect where it sort of looks like it's pieces of paper and we're just gonna do that and then we're gonna take
iM0GhO_XtJy-00073-00050930-00051131 Our pizza cutter and cut along the edge
iM0GhO_XtJy-00074-00051187-00051912 Then we're gonna gently take our piece of fondant and place it in our head and then taking paint brush with some vodka
iM0GhO_XtJy-00075-00051913-00052563 We're just gonna paint the edge that we didn't press down and then we're gonna just stick this to our cake
iM0GhO_XtJy-00076-00052563-00052850 We're gonna start at the top and work our way down
iM0GhO_XtJy-00077-00052851-00053414 But we're just doing this exact same step the entire time a few minutes later as you can see
iM0GhO_XtJy-00078-00053570-00054358 Rena smooth down to talk a little bit more english and just work on painting on all the decorations and add age then first
iM0GhO_XtJy-00079-00054358-00054808 Book local today, so to get that burn book logo. We're just going to roll out some white and black fondant
iM0GhO_XtJy-00080-00055767-00056141 I'm just gonna take different square cutters to make my logo
iM0GhO_XtJy-00081-00056666-00057180 Just gonna cut out exact shape that I want I'm just gonna do the same with the white
iM0GhO_XtJy-00082-00058177-00058572 I'm just going to stick on the burn book logo
iM0GhO_XtJy-00083-00059497-00060092 Now we're just going to paint on the letters just using a white food coloring on black fondant
iM0GhO_XtJy-00084-00063424-00064008 Now that the writing for burn book is done we're gonna go ahead and start repeating the rest of it and add the lip print
iM0GhO_XtJy-00085-00065152-00065640 So I have the burn book kick finished off now this is what the cake looks like as you can see
iM0GhO_XtJy-00086-00065641-00066312 there's graffiti all over it and the lip print and the burn book lettering doing the graffiti was a lot harder because I didn't have
iM0GhO_XtJy-00087-00066312-00066505 a good enough paintbrush, but otherwise
iM0GhO_XtJy-00088-00066505-00066688 I think for our first attempt
iM0GhO_XtJy-00089-00066688-00067260 Considering the paintbrushes that I had I did a pretty decent job with creating the burn book in cake form
iM0GhO_XtJy-00090-00067282-00067734 As you can see there's lots of pages of juicy glass of spilling out of the sides
iM0GhO_XtJy-00091-00067760-00067911 Thank you so much for watching this video
iM0GhO_XtJy-00092-00067911-00068367 I hope you enjoyed. I hope you are inspired to make your own burn book Mean Girls
iM0GhO_XtJy-00093-00068367-00068922 Virginia George, whatever you want inspired cake today to celebrate the fact that it is Wednesday October the 3rd
iM0GhO_XtJy-00094-00068923-00069123 Yeah, that's really all I have to say
iM0GhO_XtJy-00095-00069223-00069711 I'm gonna go eat a slice of cake. I just wish we could all get along like we used to in middle school
iM0GhO_XtJy-00096-00069711-00070176 I wish that I could bake a cake made out of rainbows and smiles and we don't eat
iM0GhO_XtJy-00097-00070270-00070530 I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Thanks so much for watching
iMX-Gp14BOk-00000-00000000-00000236 on 10 Things to Know about GrantStation.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00001-00000236-00000809 So, what is it? For those of you who are new to GrantStation, it is a set of tools and resources
iMX-Gp14BOk-00002-00000810-00001430 that includes both US and International funder databases to help your organization write
iMX-Gp14BOk-00003-00001430-00001796 and win more grant funding. And don’t worry. I don’t plan on reading all the slides to you.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00004-00001796-00002186 I just wanted to highlight that because a lot of people think, “GrantStation, what is this?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00005-00002186-00002669 Is this a place that rights grant proposals for me? I just don’t know what this is.”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00006-00002670-00003046 So I just want to make sure we are clear. It is a bunch of resources and databases
iMX-Gp14BOk-00007-00003046-00003303 where you can seek out funders.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00008-00003303-00003739 When is it happening? Today and tomorrow. So it’s started this morning
iMX-Gp14BOk-00009-00003740-00004280 at 9:00 AM Eastern time, ends at 5:00 PM Pacific time tomorrow.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00010-00004280-00004783 So that is 8:00 PM Eastern. You can get this one-year membership for $99.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00011-00004783-00005523 It is regularly $699 for the general retail public. Normally through TechSoup’s discount program
iMX-Gp14BOk-00012-00005523-00006046 with GrantStation it is $299, but for today and tomorrow you can get it for $99.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00013-00006046-00006556 So it’s a great, great deal if you are looking to do more funder research
iMX-Gp14BOk-00014-00006556-00007269 and look for writing grant opportunities, or just expanding your own skill set
iMX-Gp14BOk-00015-00007270-00007613 and capacity internally. They’ve got a lot of great resources.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00016-00007613-00008246 So, which orgs can get it?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00017-00008246-00008679 Sorry, I think that came through any way. I tried to cover my cough. I apologize.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00018-00008680-00009266 Which org’s can get it? 501(c)(3) US nonprofits and public libraries. Also, Canadian nonprofits
iMX-Gp14BOk-00019-00009266-00009656 can get it today and tomorrow, but it is through the TechSoup Canada website.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00020-00009656-00010119 So you don’t want to request it through the US - based website which is TechSoup.org.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00021-00010120-00010813 You want to go to TechSoupCanada.ca. For libraries, it is only available for you to use
iMX-Gp14BOk-00022-00010813-00011339 for your own grant writing purposes. This membership is not for your public facing
iMX-Gp14BOk-00023-00011340-00011853 public access computers for the general public to use. So keep that in mind.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00024-00011853-00012373 If you are brand-new to TechSoup, you can register today or tomorrow,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00025-00012373-00012769 as long as you complete your registration within 9 days of the promotion
iMX-Gp14BOk-00026-00012770-00013363 you can access this special offer as well. So even if you haven’t started with TechSoup yet,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00027-00013363-00013683 you can get it as long as you do it within 9 days.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00028-00013683-00014149 And if you are brand-new as a (c)(3) and you need seed funding and start-up funding,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00029-00014150-00014550 you can access this as well. And they have a whole section that you can use
iMX-Gp14BOk-00030-00014550-00015146 to narrow your research to just look for funders that support start-up funds.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00031-00015146-00015603 If you are an existing member, you can use this to renew your existing membership.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00032-00015603-00016039 And it extends it based on whatever date your membership is active.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00033-00016040-00016456 So if you have your membership from September it would give you an additional year
iMX-Gp14BOk-00034-00016456-00016753 tacked on to September.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00035-00016753-00017163 So what’s inside? We’ll go through some of this in detail but I wanted to just bullet out
iMX-Gp14BOk-00036-00017163-00017629 some of the things you can find inside of your GrantStation membership.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00037-00017630-00018263 Again, US and International databases of grantmakers, lots of grant strategy resources,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00038-00018263-00018893 winning grant proposal samples, and letters of interest or LOIs as we call them internally here,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00039-00018893-00019566 or in the grant writing world, strategic calendars, and lots of resources on grant trends,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00040-00019566-00020026 what kinds of grant are being won, what kinds of funding is being approved,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00041-00020026-00020496 what kinds of new collaborations are funders looking for.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00042-00020496-00020779 You can learn a lot about what’s out there.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00043-00020780-00021196 And this is just a look at what their website looks like. And we will show this live
iMX-Gp14BOk-00044-00021196-00021593 in just a couple minutes, but I just wanted to highlight on the screen,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00045-00021593-00022223 they have a whole section you can see in that drop-down how deep that is
iMX-Gp14BOk-00046-00022223-00022686 that you’ve got US Charitable, US Federal, US State and Government, Canadian Charitable,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00047-00022686-00023113 International Charitable. That’s just in how to “Find Grantmakers.”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00048-00023113-00023756 And each of those sections is just as rich and deep as that Find Grantmakers section.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00049-00023756-00024236 So if you are needing to learn how to develop your grant seeking “Strategy,”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00050-00024236-00024736 or how to “Write Proposals,” this is a really great resource for you to check out.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00051-00024736-00025373 What kind of funders will you find? I think one of the most important things about fundraising
iMX-Gp14BOk-00052-00025373-00025823 and grant writing in general when you are looking to find grant funds
iMX-Gp14BOk-00053-00025823-00026596 is that you don’t want to find 50,000 funders, you want to find the 3 maybe
iMX-Gp14BOk-00054-00026596-00026969 that are going to be the right ones for your organization’s needs.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00055-00026970-00027433 You want to find the ones that are active, not ones that maybe gave funds to something
iMX-Gp14BOk-00056-00027433-00027876 that was related to your cause 5 years ago. You want funders that are doing it now.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00057-00027876-00028626 So keep that in mind that these are pre - screened, vetted and active now.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00058-00028626-00029009 They are current funders. And then we also have
iMX-Gp14BOk-00059-00029010-00029530 these US Federal/State-Funded agencies and state departments in there.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00060-00029530-00029856 You’ve got the full US Charitable Giving Database
iMX-Gp14BOk-00061-00029856-00030379 that includes all of your private foundations, family, community foundations,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00062-00030380-00030750 corporate giving programs, faith-based grantmakers,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00063-00030750-00031076 associations that may have grantmaking programs.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00064-00031076-00031536 International Database, that’s for folks who are working outside the US.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00065-00031536-00031933 And again, that Canadian database. Now if you are joining us from outside the US
iMX-Gp14BOk-00066-00031933-00032486 today and you are not from Canada, keep in mind that the only organizations
iMX-Gp14BOk-00067-00032486-00032973 that can request the GrantStation membership today and tomorrow are US or Canadian.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00068-00032973-00033533 So if you are joining us from Kenya, or you are joining us from the Philippines, or wherever else,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00069-00033533-00034059 GrantStation is really targeting organizations who are based in the US or Canada.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00070-00034060-00034573 And those International Funding Databases are for organizations that may be based here,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00071-00034573-00035193 but may have work, they may have operations in El Salvador, or they may have programs
iMX-Gp14BOk-00072-00035193-00035729 in Kenya but they aren’t based in those countries. So I hope that clarifies a little bit
iMX-Gp14BOk-00073-00035730-00036143 of what kind of funder you’ll be able to find in GrantStation’s databases.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00074-00036143-00036826 And I just show here a screen shot of how you can search. And we’ll show this in real time
iMX-Gp14BOk-00075-00036826-00037329 in just a moment. But you can see that there are 80 results that popped up
iMX-Gp14BOk-00076-00037330-00037910 when they searched by scope. US and Oregon, so they searched by
iMX-Gp14BOk-00077-00037910-00038540 different geographic regions. They searched by area of interest, music.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00078-00038540-00039086 And they searched National grantmakes database. So you can narrow the scope
iMX-Gp14BOk-00079-00039086-00039513 to find as many or as few as you think is worthwhile.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00080-00039513-00039783 But again, you don’t want to be wasting your energy writing grant proposals
iMX-Gp14BOk-00081-00039783-00040283 that are really written for the wrong funder. If it’s not a good fit for them,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00082-00040283-00040863 they are not going to give you the funds. So your best result is not going to give you
iMX-Gp14BOk-00083-00040863-00041323 probably 80 results, it’s going to give you 8 maybe, or 15.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00084-00041323-00041729 Then you are going to further narrow that to find the ones that are really worth your investment
iMX-Gp14BOk-00085-00041730-00042136 of time and energy, so that you are getting the bang for your buck
iMX-Gp14BOk-00086-00042136-00042463 and hopefully winning those grant proposals.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00087-00042463-00043039 So number 6 on this list, can I find grant strategy and tips? Well a big “yes”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00088-00043040-00043433 with the money sign, because of course, that’s what we’re hoping that you’ll be able to find
iMX-Gp14BOk-00089-00043433-00044083 all of the strategy resources and tips to help you win that money that you need
iMX-Gp14BOk-00090-00044083-00044506 to further run your programs, and complete your missions, and achieve your missions.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00091-00044506-00045079 And they do that in a variety of different channels and methods on their site.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00092-00045080-00045420 They have a weekly GrantStation Insider Newsletter
iMX-Gp14BOk-00093-00045420-00046210 that highlights 10 interesting grant opportunities nationwide each week that comes to your inbox.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00094-00046210-00046646 So you don’t even actually have to go and do a search, you can have it come into your inbox
iMX-Gp14BOk-00095-00046646-00047226 that there are these 10 interesting things and one or 2 of those might be the perfect fit
iMX-Gp14BOk-00096-00047226-00047453 for your organization each week.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00097-00047453-00047826 They also have a monthly GrantStation International Insider Newsletter.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00098-00047826-00048156 So again, so those of you who are maybe based in the US or Canada
iMX-Gp14BOk-00099-00048156-00048613 and have programs overseas where they are going to be highlighting – I think it’s 12
iMX-Gp14BOk-00100-00048613-00049293 that they highlight each month – interesting International grantmaker opportunities.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00101-00049293-00049746 They also have a huge section called “Build Strategy”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00102-00049746-00050273 where you can find a Grantseeking Calendar. You can find things like a Decision Matrix.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00103-00050273-00050903 You can find Project Planning Worksheets, resources that you can use to help define
iMX-Gp14BOk-00104-00050903-00051453 what are your project goals, what are the resources you truly need
iMX-Gp14BOk-00105-00051453-00052406 to accomplish those goals, what kind of funding and other materials or staffing or computers
iMX-Gp14BOk-00106-00052406-00052933 or whatever it might be do you really need to accomplish that, and in what time frame,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00107-00052933-00053849 and to really figure out what are the right funders that match you in helping you fulfill that mission.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00108-00053850-00054293 So that section is really deep and rich. And I would recommend that people check it out.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00109-00054293-00054896 And also, the monthly and weekly newsletters, you can sign up for those whether or not
iMX-Gp14BOk-00110-00054896-00055329 you are a GrantStation member. So I would recommend whether you plan to proceed
iMX-Gp14BOk-00111-00055329-00055860 with getting a membership or not right now, that you check out those newsletters,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00112-00055860-00056210 because there’s a lot of really interesting stuff that comes out in those.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00113-00056210-00056546 And then the last bullet on here talks about some of their other resources
iMX-Gp14BOk-00114-00056546-00057106 like their Talk 2020 podcasts. It’s something you can listen to while you’re commuting.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00115-00057106-00057599 And it’s really these people who are true experts in grant writing, who have been doing it
iMX-Gp14BOk-00116-00057600-00058266 for 40 or 50 years, and are really not just have done it as an individual, but have helped others
iMX-Gp14BOk-00117-00058266-00058856 do it, have helped organizations develop their strategies around fundraising and grant writing,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00118-00058856-00059276 and listening to them talk about what is successful, what works,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00119-00059276-00059933 what kind of partnerships are kind of in right now when it comes to seeking collaborative grants.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00120-00059933-00060349 GS Insights and the State of Grant Seeking Report are also highlighted here.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00121-00060350-00060806 And the State of Grant Seeking Report we always highlight on the TechSoup blog as well,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00122-00060806-00061309 because it’s such a great resource because from a high level they are able to see
iMX-Gp14BOk-00123-00061310-00061706 based on the thousands of organizations that are using their databases
iMX-Gp14BOk-00124-00061706-00062206 and based on the results of those grants that are written, they are able to really see
iMX-Gp14BOk-00125-00062206-00062713 and evaluate what kind of grants are getting won, how long are they,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00126-00062713-00063463 when are those grant awards delivered, how long does it take once you’ve written it to hear back.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00127-00063463-00064003 They’ve got this great resource that they put out so that you can learn really the ins and outs
iMX-Gp14BOk-00128-00064003-00064409 of what to expect, especially if you are newer to grant writing.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00129-00064410-00064810 So these are just some great resources on strategy and tips
iMX-Gp14BOk-00130-00064810-00065263 that I would recommend checking out. Number 7, do they write grants for me?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00131-00065263-00065743 And I put this as a big “no” because we want to make sure people know what they are getting
iMX-Gp14BOk-00132-00065743-00066363 for their $99. You are not getting a grant writing team that’s going to come to your office
iMX-Gp14BOk-00133-00066363-00066736 and sit down and say, “Well, what do you need money for? Let me write it for you.”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00134-00066736-00067319 They have lots of resources to help you learn how to assemble a great grant seeking team
iMX-Gp14BOk-00135-00067320-00067710 or grant writing team, but they are not actually going to do it for you.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00136-00067710-00068430 That really takes the hard word and thought and preplanning from your own team
iMX-Gp14BOk-00137-00068430-00068893 whether that is your executives, or your board, or if you have a development team,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00138-00068893-00069376 or maybe you are a party of one and you have to do it all. But they will help you
iMX-Gp14BOk-00139-00069376-00069779 by providing you this rich Write Proposals section of their site
iMX-Gp14BOk-00140-00069780-00070730 that has sample grant proposals, templates, and samples of letters of inquiry – excuse me.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00141-00070730-00071290 I’m sorry. Letters of inquiry, that’s if you aren’t ready to write a full proposal
iMX-Gp14BOk-00142-00071290-00071756 but you think this one funder seems like a really great match, you can send a letter of inquiry
iMX-Gp14BOk-00143-00071756-00072103 using their templates, or looking at their samples to say,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00144-00072103-00072716 “This is the kind of work we are doing. Are you okay with us submitting a grant proposal
iMX-Gp14BOk-00145-00072716-00073163 even if maybe we aren’t in the time frame that you had listed on your website?”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00146-00073163-00073716 They’ve done all of the research for you in their database so that you know
iMX-Gp14BOk-00147-00073716-00073956 what the time frames are when they are excepting grants,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00148-00073956-00074409 or you know if it’s a rolling time frame, or if they are excepting them all the time.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00149-00074410-00074926 So they are there to provide those resources for you on how to get started,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00150-00074926-00075446 including things like checklists, like what are the actual financial documents you need
iMX-Gp14BOk-00151-00075446-00076069 to have on hand, what are the program details you need to have on hand, staffing requirements,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00152-00076070-00076446 who’s going to be leading things? They can give you all those checklists
iMX-Gp14BOk-00153-00076446-00076923 so that you know before you sit down and start writing whether it’s you or whether it’s a team
iMX-Gp14BOk-00154-00076923-00077663 that you’ve got what you need before you begin. And then this is kind of their “magic sauce”
iMX-Gp14BOk-00155-00077663-00078166 of how to find the right funders. And I’ve listed this out. I know it’s a wordy slide,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00156-00078166-00078723 but I detailed that out because this is really what they recommend.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00157-00078723-00079229 As a very loose strategy I’ll say, mine is the shorthand version
iMX-Gp14BOk-00158-00079230-00079736 of when you are preplanning that you really sit down with their Project Description Worksheet
iMX-Gp14BOk-00159-00079736-00080413 which is a downloadable Word document that you can use for your own projects to fill that out,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00160-00080413-00080883 and really define; what is this project, what are the goals, what are the outcomes,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00161-00080883-00081246 how are we going to evaluate it, how are we going to measure it,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00162-00081246-00081806 what are the key words and search terms that we need in order to really find the right fit,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00163-00081806-00082213 whether it’s a local bank that might support our work,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00164-00082213-00082649 or whether it is an international grantmaker, or whether it is the federal government.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00165-00082650-00083036 What are those things? They talk about this in their process
iMX-Gp14BOk-00166-00083036-00083366 that you’ve got these preplanning steps. And then you start your searching.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00167-00083366-00083773 And you always want to start this search looking at the federal and state databases,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00168-00083773-00084206 because even if you don’t find anything you can say to those other private foundations,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00169-00084206-00084729 “I did my due diligence and I searched. And there’s not a state-funded thing
iMX-Gp14BOk-00170-00084730-00085106 or there is not a federal funded thing that is specific to my region, or my goals,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00171-00085106-00085716 or my project. So now we are coming to you, corporate funder, or private funder,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00172-00085716-00086086 or family foundation.” So you go through and you search. And you can search
iMX-Gp14BOk-00173-00086086-00086433 as much as you want over the course of that year of your membership.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00174-00086433-00087056 You can search every day if you want to. And you really do want to use different key words
iMX-Gp14BOk-00175-00087056-00087496 and different search terminology, because you may find that if you are searching
iMX-Gp14BOk-00176-00087496-00088473 for animal care it will come up with different responses than if you search for animal rescue.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00177-00088473-00089073 Or you know, I have a friend who works in women’s health. And she said if she’s searches
iMX-Gp14BOk-00178-00089073-00089769 for reproductive health she gets very different results than if she searches for breast cancer
iMX-Gp14BOk-00179-00089770-00090326 or abortion. Those terms you may find nothing with some of them,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00180-00090326-00090719 and you may find a lot with others. So just be conscientious in your preplanning
iMX-Gp14BOk-00181-00090720-00091126 how you search. Then you can search through those databases
iMX-Gp14BOk-00182-00091126-00091463 and you can narrow it so that you aren’t getting a list of 80,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00183-00091463-00091906 because you are not going to find 80 funders in a year that are going to be the perfect fit
iMX-Gp14BOk-00184-00091906-00092646 for your specific project. You may find 5, or 7, or you might want to apply for 12, or 18.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00185-00092646-00093433 But you want to narrow it by geography, areas of interest, what type of support you’re looking for.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00186-00093433-00093839 Are you looking for program support? Are you looking for general or administrative support?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00187-00093840-00094366 Are you looking for seed funding? Those are all options you can use in their search.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00188-00094366-00094976 And you can also search by target population, so you can say I work with children or youth,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00189-00094976-00095723 or I’m working within Hispanic communities, or I’m working in low income housing communities.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00190-00095723-00096433 Then you can use that Strategy section that they have and tools like their Decision Matrix
iMX-Gp14BOk-00191-00096433-00097089 to really score those funders that you’ve gotten results on. Like okay, these are the ones
iMX-Gp14BOk-00192-00097090-00097606 that popped up. Now let us see, what is the likelihood that this would be successful
iMX-Gp14BOk-00193-00097606-00097963 if I spend my time writing a grant. And they have a whole little matrix
iMX-Gp14BOk-00194-00097963-00098326 that you can plop those into pretty easily and you can rank them
iMX-Gp14BOk-00195-00098326-00098706 so that you spending your time, or your grant writers time, or your board board member’s,’
iMX-Gp14BOk-00196-00098706-00099263 or your volunteer’s, whoever is actually doing it so that they are spending that time on the top 4,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00197-00099263-00099769 not the top 18, or not starting with number 18 without realizing it
iMX-Gp14BOk-00198-00099770-00100356 when they should be focused on 1, 2, and 3. And then you put pen to pad,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00199-00100356-00100876 or really, fingers to keyboard and start using those samples, checklists, and templates
iMX-Gp14BOk-00200-00100876-00101563 to write proposals and submit them. So where do you get GrantStation?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00201-00101563-00102009 For today and tomorrow, we recommend getting it through TechSoup directly.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00202-00102010-00102456 So you go to the TechSoup website. And I just highlighted it because it is on our home page
iMX-Gp14BOk-00203-00102456-00102906 right now, and you click on that “Get GrantStation Now” and that will take you
iMX-Gp14BOk-00204-00102906-00103319 right to the product page where you can put it in your cart, request it,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00205-00103320-00103883 and have that donation fulfilled. Once you’ve gotten through the process,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00206-00103883-00104486 and if you are brand-new, like I said, you have to finish your registration process within 9 days
iMX-Gp14BOk-00207-00104486-00104969 of the promo closing tomorrow. But if you are already a TechSoup member
iMX-Gp14BOk-00208-00104970-00105373 this should be pretty painless. And then you want to look in your organization’s email,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00209-00105373-00105793 so it is not going to be coming to you Jenny@YouthofTomorrow,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00210-00105793-00106219 it might come to info@YouthofTomorrow, or whatever that email address
iMX-Gp14BOk-00211-00106220-00106606 is that your organization uses to received donations through TechSoup.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00212-00106606-00107036 And you will get a fulfillment email that tells you here’s where to start your membership,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00213-00107036-00107849 and here is what you need to login and get started. And you can go ahead and just dive in.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00214-00107850-00108459 So if you’re not ready today, or if you’re too new if you don’t have 501(c)(3) status yet,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00215-00108459-00109083 you are not eligible. If you are not a (c)(3) nonprofit or public library,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00216-00109083-00109549 I would recommend signing up to their newsletters and TechSoup’s newsletters
iMX-Gp14BOk-00217-00109550-00110083 so we can let you know the next time we offer this special. And it’s also a great way
iMX-Gp14BOk-00218-00110083-00110596 to get resources and tips, because we have quite a bit of content on our site.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00219-00110596-00111203 And across their’s obviously, it is all about grant writing where you can learn and grow
iMX-Gp14BOk-00220-00111203-00111519 your own organizational capacity for grant writing.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00221-00111520-00112126 We usually have these special offers 3 times per year. It depends a little bit,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00222-00112126-00112556 and sometimes changes. But we usually have a spring one, one in the early fall,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00223-00112556-00113086 and one in the middle of winter like January or February. So know that if you miss it this time
iMX-Gp14BOk-00224-00113086-00113696 you can look for it in the future. And you can use those opportunities
iMX-Gp14BOk-00225-00113696-00114016 if you decided to go ahead with the membership today or tomorrow,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00226-00114016-00114366 you can use those future promotional opportunities to renew
iMX-Gp14BOk-00227-00114366-00115196 so that you are only ever paying $99 a year. So it’s a great option and a really deep resource
iMX-Gp14BOk-00228-00115196-00115676 to help you learn how to be the best grant writer, and your organization
iMX-Gp14BOk-00229-00115676-00116226 can hopefully win the best grants for your cause. So with that I’m going to go ahead
iMX-Gp14BOk-00230-00116226-00117236 and show quickly because I just have a couple of minutes. I wanted to go ahead and show –
iMX-Gp14BOk-00231-00117236-00117583 here we go. Sorry about that. Let me get over to GrantStation’s website
iMX-Gp14BOk-00232-00117583-00118136 and then I’ll have Jim do his recap of the week. But you can see on the GrantStation website
iMX-Gp14BOk-00233-00118136-00118576 you can click to Find Grantmakers. And I’ll go ahead and click into this
iMX-Gp14BOk-00234-00118576-00119193 and let it take me to finding them. A lot of the resources here –
iMX-Gp14BOk-00235-00119193-00119626 I’ll just go into the US Charitable quickly. A lot of the resources that you see on their site
iMX-Gp14BOk-00236-00119626-00120339 are behind their firewall essentially. You have to be a member so you have to login,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00237-00120340-00120896 or “join to become a Member.” Now you can however, start a search
iMX-Gp14BOk-00238-00120896-00121416 and see what kind of results you get regardless of whether you are a member.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00239-00121416-00121839 You won’t actually see the names of the funders, but you can see like if I search
iMX-Gp14BOk-00240-00121840-00122450 that I want to look at National Grantmakers, and I can select the State too.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00241-00122450-00122983 I can scroll on down here and I can select Areas of Interest for example
iMX-Gp14BOk-00242-00122983-00123606 and I’ll just pick “health and wellness.” It lets me to continue to drill down,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00243-00123606-00124166 and I’ll say “public health” because I don’t know why. I’m just going to select that.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00244-00124166-00124919 And it will show me up at the top – let me scroll backup here – just in that initial search
iMX-Gp14BOk-00245-00124920-00125340 looking at US public health National grantmakers who give across all states,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00246-00125340-00126043 it’s showing that there are 55 results in here. So you can do that just to get an idea
iMX-Gp14BOk-00247-00126043-00126613 of what kind of funders, or what volume of funders you’ll find in GrantStation’s databases.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00248-00126613-00127186 But again, look, you’ve got US Charitable, US Federal, US State Government,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00249-00127186-00127786 Canadian Charitable, Canadian Government, International Charitable, and Search Tips.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00250-00127786-00128123 Which again, those search tips and thinking about keywords and search terminology
iMX-Gp14BOk-00251-00128123-00128556 is really important and helping make sure that you are finding the ones that best fit
iMX-Gp14BOk-00252-00128556-00129186 your org’s needs. All of these sections, Building Strategy, Writing Proposals,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00253-00129186-00129566 you can get your Full Grant Proposals and look at those.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00254-00129566-00129936 You can look at the Award-Winning Proposals that others have submitted.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00255-00129936-00130379 And they have a contest every year where they invite people to submit proposals
iMX-Gp14BOk-00256-00130380-00130930 and their committee of experts selects the ones they think that are best.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00257-00130930-00131496 And these are the ones that have already won grants. So you’ve got a lot of great resources
iMX-Gp14BOk-00258-00131496-00132266 to start with to really help you get off on the right foot, or to just grow your grant writing skills
iMX-Gp14BOk-00259-00132266-00132669 regardless of where you’re at and what level you’ve come into it from.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00260-00132670-00133526 So with that, I’m going to go ahead and stop sharing and I’m going to let Jim come on
iMX-Gp14BOk-00261-00133526-00133753 and take us away with some of the weekly roundup.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00262-00133753-00134046 So thank you everybody. Back to you Jim.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00263-00134046-00134623 Jim: Okay, everybody. Nice to see you. Jim Lynch here, Senior writer TechSoup.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00264-00134623-00135153 I’m the guy who is in charge of getting all our content up on our website
iMX-Gp14BOk-00265-00135153-00135719 and our TechSoup for Libraries website as well. I’m going to screen share here
iMX-Gp14BOk-00266-00135720-00136566 and show you some of the new stuff. Here we go.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00267-00136566-00137169 Alright. Is this is coming in okay, Becky?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00268-00137170-00137456 Becky: Looks good.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00269-00137456-00137799 Jim: Here’s a great thing. This is actually from GrantStation itself.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00270-00137800-00138716 It’s a brand, brand, brand-new article that they sent to us for sending to you and getting to you.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00271-00138716-00139339 They publish twice a year a State of Grantseeking Report
iMX-Gp14BOk-00272-00139340-00139993 which is a pretty great thing. As more and more organizations use GrantStation,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00273-00139993-00140609 they have more and more interesting insights in the big picture of grantmaking.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00274-00140610-00141356 And this is sort of a summary of the Grant Seeking Report.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00275-00141356-00142346 And some cool things that I like in here are, what your chances are if you apply for 2 grants,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00276-00142346-00143019 what are your chances of winning something if you do 5 grant proposals and so on.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00277-00143020-00143436 So they’ve calculated all that stuff and so you can see what the odds are.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00278-00143436-00144329 In addition, I like there section down here at the bottom on collaborative approach
iMX-Gp14BOk-00279-00144330-00144856 to grantmaking. That’s when a bunch of, or multiple organizations get together
iMX-Gp14BOk-00280-00144856-00145446 and they submit a proposal. The jury is a little bit out on how effective those are,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00281-00145446-00146059 but it is something that foundations tend to like, and charities tend to find really difficult.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00282-00146060-00146503 So anyway, this is a very, very good article. I recommend that.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00283-00146503-00146949 Let me show you what else we have also in the area of fundraising.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00284-00146950-00147456 We have this terrific, I would call him our columnist on fundraising.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00285-00147456-00148099 His name is Michael Stein. This is his latest, 7 Best Practices to Engage and Retain Donors.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00286-00148100-00148583 Donor retention is an incredibly important and difficult part of fundraising.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00287-00148583-00149226 Over half of donors go away every year, and that is just kind of the nature of the beast.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00288-00149226-00149929 Michael gives you some tips on what you can do to improve those odds.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00289-00149930-00150896 And this is about individual donors by the way. What else do we have?
iMX-Gp14BOk-00290-00150896-00151296 We have a brand-new program called the TechSoup Ambassador Program
iMX-Gp14BOk-00291-00151296-00152169 where we are asking really engaged people in our TechSoup community
iMX-Gp14BOk-00292-00152170-00153013 to help us make TechSoup much, much better. So if you would like to be more involved
iMX-Gp14BOk-00293-00153013-00153433 with TechSoup, you would like to be in the mix with us like crazy, we would love to have you.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00294-00153433-00154276 This explains how you can do that. Wonderful new program from TechSoup.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00295-00154276-00154969 Lastly, 20 Days of Adobe, I feature this page quite a bit. And by the way,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00296-00154970-00155616 we’ll get you all these links that I’m showing you. 20 Days of Adobe is incredibly rich
iMX-Gp14BOk-00297-00155616-00156516 with all kinds of free things in terms of training and information, and how to do things
iMX-Gp14BOk-00298-00156516-00157026 with any kind of and all kinds of different Adobe products.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00299-00157026-00157599 So there we go, that’s our roundup. Back to you Becky.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00300-00157600-00157973 Becky: Thanks, Jim. Well that’s it for this week. Thank you all for joining us
iMX-Gp14BOk-00301-00157973-00158483 for this week’s Tuesday TS Tech 30. We hope you’ll join us again next week
iMX-Gp14BOk-00302-00158483-00159126 when we will be talking about hidden gems of Adobe same time next Tuesday
iMX-Gp14BOk-00303-00159126-00159629 at 12:30 Pacific, 3:30 Eastern. We also have a whole slate of webinars coming up
iMX-Gp14BOk-00304-00159630-00160096 if you want the full 60 minutes. We’ll be talking about Copyrighting for the Web this week.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00305-00160096-00160559 And next week will be talking about Avoiding Nonprofit Tech Burn out,
iMX-Gp14BOk-00306-00160560-00161033 so helping keep your energy up even if you are drowning in email and technology.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00307-00161033-00161403 So we hope you will join us for some of those. And while you are in their feel free
iMX-Gp14BOk-00308-00161403-00161776 to check out some of our other TS Tech 30s and courses.
iMX-Gp14BOk-00309-00161776-00162119 Thanks so much everyone and have a great afternoon. Bye-bye.
iPl4-mfjsNk-00000-00000000-00000200 Vietnam street food
iQLaHyFCPM0-00000-00000006-00000479 LBW: I guess the feeling is that the collapse is sort of inevitable but if
iQLaHyFCPM0-00001-00000479-00000884 the United States can continue to play its part the part that it has been
iQLaHyFCPM0-00002-00000884-00001430 playing for however many decades or however long that they'll continue to
iQLaHyFCPM0-00003-00001430-00001870 keep on kicking the ball or kicking the can down the street you know
iQLaHyFCPM0-00004-00001870-00001985 DMITRY ORLOV: I don't
iQLaHyFCPM0-00005-00001985-00002442 think it's going to work that well because part of it is economic dominance
iQLaHyFCPM0-00006-00002442-00002976 and that's waning the United States is a smaller and smaller share of
iQLaHyFCPM0-00007-00002976-00003585 the global economy the way the size of the US economy is calculated is
iQLaHyFCPM0-00008-00003585-00004089 basically taking all of the mutual back scratching that goes on within the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00009-00004089-00004617 United States basically the service economy within
iQLaHyFCPM0-00010-00004617-00005121 the United States is huge most of the products being sold are imported and
iQLaHyFCPM0-00011-00005121-00005736 foreign made domestically the United States produces lots of incredibly
iQLaHyFCPM0-00012-00005736-00006264 overpriced services especially in medicine and education legal services
iQLaHyFCPM0-00013-00006264-00006748 all kinds of business consulting outrageously expensive banking with
iQLaHyFCPM0-00014-00006748-00007290 all kinds of fees all of that stuff right these are all services where
iQLaHyFCPM0-00015-00007290-00007653 Americans provide services to other Americans and then they claim that
iQLaHyFCPM0-00016-00007653-00008186 they've made something of value what is that what difference does that make to
iQLaHyFCPM0-00017-00008186-00008706 the rest of the world it's just this giant black hole where nothing
iQLaHyFCPM0-00018-00008706-00009107 emerges from it nothing something happens inside but what why should the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00019-00009107-00009588 rest of the world care but in terms of actual productive activity that goes on
iQLaHyFCPM0-00020-00009588-00010082 in the United States if you subtract all of this stupid internal overpriced
iQLaHyFCPM0-00021-00010082-00010620 service economy stuff it's a relatively tiny economy much
iQLaHyFCPM0-00022-00010620-00011238 smaller than China probably smaller than Russia so I think that eventually it's
iQLaHyFCPM0-00023-00011238-00011550 going this is going to catch up with it because the only way it can perpetuate
iQLaHyFCPM0-00024-00011550-00012102 the scheme is by taking on debt faster and faster not just more and more debt
iQLaHyFCPM0-00025-00012102-00012663 but it's taking on debt faster and faster it's a runaway train to
iQLaHyFCPM0-00026-00012663-00013061 nowhere so at some point it's just going
iQLaHyFCPM0-00027-00013061-00013558 to crack that's going to be a big event
iQLaHyFCPM0-00028-00013558-00013737 LBW: Right yeah and by comparison what is
iQLaHyFCPM0-00029-00013737-00014241 Russia say and I know that I bring up Russia because you do write a great deal
iQLaHyFCPM0-00030-00014241-00014806 about Russia and I think it's actually quite enlightening because
iQLaHyFCPM0-00031-00014806-00015255 again being situated in the United States so much of how Russia is
iQLaHyFCPM0-00032-00015255-00015876 discussed is through the framing of it being like this evil empire that's going
iQLaHyFCPM0-00033-00015876-00016707 to usurp America's hegemonic control over other nations and whatnot it's like
iQLaHyFCPM0-00034-00016707-00017129 this kind of looming specter that everyone's afraid it's gonna you know
iQLaHyFCPM0-00035-00017129-00017712 there's still this discussion about its supposed alleged influence in the 2016
iQLaHyFCPM0-00036-00017712-00018189 election just today a redacted version of the Mueller report was just released
iQLaHyFCPM0-00037-00018189-00018738 so we'll see what what comes out of that but this sort of obsession in American
iQLaHyFCPM0-00038-00018738-00019533 media about Russia being this boogeyman you know but you always provide a
iQLaHyFCPM0-00039-00019533-00019911 pretty lucid analysis of what's actually happening in Russia and how Russia
iQLaHyFCPM0-00040-00019911-00020289 actually approaches the United States and treats the United States on the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00041-00020289-00020766 international stage so compared to where the United States is how would you say
iQLaHyFCPM0-00042-00020766-00021173 what is Russia what is its development how is it proceeding into the future
iQLaHyFCPM0-00043-00021173-00021672 DMITRY ORLOV: Well so far this century it's been an absolute stunner in terms of how well
iQLaHyFCPM0-00044-00021672-00022209 Russia has done and how well Russia continues to do and everything that the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00045-00022209-00022866 United States has done has been very helpful to Russia extremely helpful for
iQLaHyFCPM0-00046-00022866-00023720 instance Russia has rearmed the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
iQLaHyFCPM0-00047-00023720-00024425 now you know light years ahead of where where they were to turn of the century
iQLaHyFCPM0-00048-00024425-00025235 and the way it did that was by basically pretending that nothing's going on that
iQLaHyFCPM0-00049-00025235-00025800 everything is corrupt that you know resources being squandered and stolen
iQLaHyFCPM0-00050-00025800-00026481 they tried very hard to paint that picture so everybody in
iQLaHyFCPM0-00051-00026481-00026943 Washington just pretty much assumed that Russia is down for the count that it
iQLaHyFCPM0-00052-00026943-00027432 wasn't going to be able to do anything militarily at all that it's just no
iQLaHyFCPM0-00053-00027432-00028119 longer a threat and that it can be crushed at will and then they were
iQLaHyFCPM0-00054-00028119-00028664 just completely taken by surprise so that the situation now is that the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00055-00028664-00029142 United States can be crushed at will not that the not that Russia is interested
iQLaHyFCPM0-00056-00029142-00029770 but basically Russa can deter the United States from doing anything in the world
iQLaHyFCPM0-00057-00029770-00030432 the United States can't do the same for Russia and so basically the you know
iQLaHyFCPM0-00058-00030432-00031137 the tables have turned in other ways that you know the United States' has
iQLaHyFCPM0-00059-00031137-00031635 helped Russia immeasurably is by imposing economic sanctions and the EU
iQLaHyFCPM0-00060-00031635-00032220 followed suit and that has led to a wave of import replacement which has been a
iQLaHyFCPM0-00061-00032220-00032724 fantastic benefit to Russian industry
iQLaHyFCPM0-00062-00032724-00033411 Russia has very low unemployment lots of new jobs being created all the time new
iQLaHyFCPM0-00063-00033411-00034152 plants and factories being opened its building instead of importing cars it is
iQLaHyFCPM0-00064-00034152-00034896 building foreign brand cars Mercedes for instance is being built in Russia now to
iQLaHyFCPM0-00065-00034896-00035571 supply the Russian market and also to export and that's been the trend just
iQLaHyFCPM0-00066-00035571-00036081 overall the trend is unmistakable Russia is doing better and better you
iQLaHyFCPM0-00067-00036081-00036636 know as one example one specific data point that's important is Russia has
iQLaHyFCPM0-00068-00036636-00037550 reserves now sovereign reserves to cover every single ruble of debt
iQLaHyFCPM0-00069-00037550-00038086 foreign debt that Russia has so it's completely immune to any sort of
iQLaHyFCPM0-00070-00038086-00038594 external financial manipulation and if you look at you know
iQLaHyFCPM0-00071-00038594-00039380 ruble to dollar exchange rate it just doesn't move at all oil prices go
iQLaHyFCPM0-00072-00039380-00039908 up and down but the exchange rate stays the same so it's been decoupled another
iQLaHyFCPM0-00073-00039908-00040367 thing that's happened is that right now if Russia stopped exporting hydrocarbons
iQLaHyFCPM0-00074-00040367-00041183 natural gas and crude oil it would still generate a trade surplus so it
iQLaHyFCPM0-00075-00041183-00041612 is no longer really dependent on hydrocarbon
iQLaHyFCPM0-00076-00041612-00042263 exports in order to sustain itself the structure in place is such that the
iQLaHyFCPM0-00077-00042263-00042866 tariffs on hydrocarbon exports go into the Treasury and finance a lot of social
iQLaHyFCPM0-00078-00042866-00043445 spending but that's calculated on the basis of really low oil prices it's
iQLaHyFCPM0-00079-00043445-00044018 higher now than what's been budgeted for so there's a gigantic windfall so in
iQLaHyFCPM0-00080-00044018-00044362 terms of all of that Russia is doing really quite well
iVQXChWoToU-00000-00000000-00000600 Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on LibreOffice Calc – Basics of Data Manipulation.
iVQXChWoToU-00001-00000700-00000800 In this tutorial we will learn about:
iVQXChWoToU-00002-00000900-00001100 Introduction to basics of Formula
iVQXChWoToU-00003-00001200-00001400 Sorting by Columns
iVQXChWoToU-00004-00001500-00001600 Basics of Filtering Data
iVQXChWoToU-00005-00001700-00002600 Here we are using Ubuntu Linux version 10.04 as our operating system and  LibreOffice Suite version 3.3.4
iVQXChWoToU-00006-00002700-00003400 Let us begin the tutorial by learning about the basic formulas used in LibreOffice Calc.
iVQXChWoToU-00007-00003500-00004000 Formulas are equations that use numbers and variables to get a result.
iVQXChWoToU-00008-00004100-00004600 In a spreadsheet, the variables are cell locations that hold the data needed for the equation to be completed.
iVQXChWoToU-00009-00004700-00005500 The most basic arithmetic operations which are performed are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
iVQXChWoToU-00010-00005600-00006100 Let us open our “Personal-Finance-Tracker.ods” file first.
iVQXChWoToU-00011-00006200-00007200 In our “personal finance tracker.ods” file, let us see how to add the cost of all the expenses mentioned under the heading, “Cost”.
iVQXChWoToU-00012-00007300-00007800 We shall give one more heading as “SUM TOTAL” just under “Miscellaneous”.
iVQXChWoToU-00013-00007900-00008400 And we shall click on the cell A8 and give the serial number as “7”.
iVQXChWoToU-00014-00008500-00009100 Now lets click on cell number “C8” where we want to display the total of the costs.
iVQXChWoToU-00015-00009200-00010300 In order to add all the costs, we’ll type“is equal to SUM” and within braces the range of columns to be added,that is,”C3 colon C7”.
iVQXChWoToU-00016-00010400-00010600 Now press “Enter” on the keyboard.
iVQXChWoToU-00017-00010700-00011000 You see that all the items under “Cost” gets added.
iVQXChWoToU-00018-00011100-00011400 Now lets learn how to subtract in Calc.
iVQXChWoToU-00019-00011500-00012500 If we want to subtract the cost of “House Rent” and “ Electricity Bill”, and display it in the cell referenced as A9, simply click on the A9 cell first.
iVQXChWoToU-00020-00012600-00013600 Now in this cell, type “is equal to” and within braces the respective cell references, that is, “C3 minus C4”.
iVQXChWoToU-00021-00013700-00013900 Press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.
iVQXChWoToU-00022-00014000-00014800 We see that the cost in the two cell references get subtracted and the result is displayed in cell number A9.
iVQXChWoToU-00023-00014900-00015100 Lets undo the changes.
iVQXChWoToU-00024-00015200-00015600 Similarly, one can divide and multiply data in different cells.
iVQXChWoToU-00025-00015700-00016200 Another basic operation in a spreadsheet is finding the “Average” of numbers.
iVQXChWoToU-00026-00016300-00016400 Let us see how it is implemented.
iVQXChWoToU-00027-00016500-00016900 Lets give the heading as “Average” just below the “SUM TOTAL” cell.
iVQXChWoToU-00028-00017000-00017400 Here we want to display the average of the total cost.
iVQXChWoToU-00029-00017500-00017700 So lets click on the “C9” cell.
iVQXChWoToU-00030-00017800-00018300 Now we type “is equal to”  Average and Cost within braces.
iVQXChWoToU-00031-00018400-00018600 Press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.
iVQXChWoToU-00032-00018700-00019000 You see that the average of the “Cost” column gets displayed in the cell.
iVQXChWoToU-00033-00019100-00019400 Lets undo the changes.
iVQXChWoToU-00034-00019500-00019900 Similarly, you can find average of elements in a horizontal row.
iVQXChWoToU-00035-00020000-00020400 We will learn more about formulae and operators in advanced level tutorials.
iVQXChWoToU-00036-00020500-00020900 Let us now learn how to “Sort” data in a Calc spreadsheet.
iVQXChWoToU-00037-00021000-00021400 Sorting arranges the visible cells on the sheet in any desired manner.
iVQXChWoToU-00038-00021500-00022200 In Calc, you can sort the data using upto three criteria, which are then applied one after another.
iVQXChWoToU-00039-00022300-00023000 They  are handy when you are searching for a particular item and become even more powerful after you have filtered data.
iVQXChWoToU-00040-00023100-00023600 Lets say, we want to sort the data under the heading “Costs” in the ascending order.
iVQXChWoToU-00041-00023700-00024200 So first, we highlight the cells to be sorted by clicking on the cell “Cost”.
iVQXChWoToU-00042-00024300-00025100 Now holding down the left mouse button, drag it along the column till the end of the cell which says “2000”.
iVQXChWoToU-00043-00025200-00025400 This selects the column which we want to sort.
iVQXChWoToU-00044-00025500-00026000 Now click on the “Data” option in the menu bar and then click on “Sort”.
iVQXChWoToU-00045-00026100-00026300 Next Select “Current Selection”
iVQXChWoToU-00046-00026400-00027000 You see that a dialog box appears with tabs as “Sort criteria” and “Options”.
iVQXChWoToU-00047-00027100-00027600 In the “Sort criteria” tab, select “Cost” in the “Sort by” field.
iVQXChWoToU-00048-00027700-00028300 In order to sort the “Cost” in ascending order, click on the “Ascending” option just next to it.
iVQXChWoToU-00049-00028400-00028600 Now click on the “OK” button.
iVQXChWoToU-00050-00028700-00029000 You see that the column gets sorted in the ascending order.
iVQXChWoToU-00051-00029100-00029800 Similarly, to sort in the descending order, click on “Descending” and then click on the “OK” button.
iVQXChWoToU-00052-00029900-00030100 Let us Undo the changes
iVQXChWoToU-00053-00030200-00030800 Multiple columns can be sorted by first selecting all the columns and then applying the sort options.
iVQXChWoToU-00054-00030900-00031300 Lets say, we want to sort the serial numbers as well as the cost.
iVQXChWoToU-00055-00031400-00031700 So first select these columns as we did earlier.
iVQXChWoToU-00056-00031800-00032300 Now click on the “Data” option in the menu bar and then click on “Sort”.
iVQXChWoToU-00057-00032400-00032900 In the dialog box which appears, first select “Cost” in the “Sort by” field.
iVQXChWoToU-00058-00033000-00033400 Then select “SN” in the “Then by” field.
iVQXChWoToU-00059-00033500-00034200 Click on “ Descending” in both the options near them and then click on the “OK” button.
iVQXChWoToU-00060-00034300-00034600 You see that both the headings get sorted in the descending order.
iVQXChWoToU-00061-00034700-00034800 Lets Undo the changes
iVQXChWoToU-00062-00034900-00035200 Now lets learn how to filter data in LibreOffice Calc.
iVQXChWoToU-00063-00035300-00035900 A filter is a list of conditions that each entry has to meet in order to be displayed.
iVQXChWoToU-00064-00036000-00036600 In order to apply a filter in the spreadsheet, lets click on the cell named “Item”.
iVQXChWoToU-00065-00036700-00037100 Now click on the “Data” option in the menu bar and then click on “Filter”.
iVQXChWoToU-00066-00037200-00037500 Click on the “AutoFilter” option in the pop up menu.
iVQXChWoToU-00067-00037600-00037900 You see that an arrow mark appears on the headings.
iVQXChWoToU-00068-00038000-00038300 Click on the down arrow on the cell named “Item”.
iVQXChWoToU-00069-00038400-00038800 Now suppose if you want to display only the data related to “Electricity Bill”.
iVQXChWoToU-00070-00038900-00039300 So click on the “Electricity Bill” option.
iVQXChWoToU-00071-00039400-00039900 You see that only the data related to “Electricity Bill” is displayed in the sheet.
iVQXChWoToU-00072-00040000-00040200 The rest of the options are filtered out.
iVQXChWoToU-00073-00040300-00041100 In order to view all the data, again click on the downward arrow on the cell named ”Item” and click on “All”.
iVQXChWoToU-00074-00041200-00041800 We see that we are now able to view all the data which we had originally written.
iVQXChWoToU-00075-00041900-00043000 Apart from “AutoFilter”, there are two more filter options namely “Standard Filter” and “Advanced Filter” which we will learn about in the later stages of this series.
iVQXChWoToU-00076-00043100-00043400 This brings us to the end of the Spoken Tutorial on LibreOffice Calc:
iVQXChWoToU-00077-00043500-00043700 To summarize, we learned about:
iVQXChWoToU-00078-00043800-00044000 Introduction to basics of Formula
iVQXChWoToU-00079-00044100-00044200 Sorting by Columns
iVQXChWoToU-00080-00044300-00044500 Basics of Filtering Data
iVQXChWoToU-00081-00044600-00044900 *Watch the video available at the following link
iVQXChWoToU-00082-00045000-00045200 *It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
iVQXChWoToU-00083-00045300-00045600 *If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
iVQXChWoToU-00084-00045700-00045900 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
iVQXChWoToU-00085-00046000-00046200 *Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
iVQXChWoToU-00086-00046300-00046600 *Gives certificates for those who pass an online test
iVQXChWoToU-00087-00046700-00047200 *For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
iVQXChWoToU-00088-00047300-00047700 *Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
iVQXChWoToU-00089-00047800-00048500 *It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
iVQXChWoToU-00090-00048600-00048700 *More information on this Mission is available at
iVQXChWoToU-00091-00048800-00049500 *http:spoken-tutorial.org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro
iVQXChWoToU-00092-00049600-00050100 This tutorial has been contributed by ...............................(Name of the translator and narrator) And this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. Thanks for watching.    Thanks for joining
iWyH8ana6BU-00000-00000016-00000616 i'm uh michael jolly and i'm happy to talk about using containerized sql server as part of our
iWyH8ana6BU-00001-00000616-00001160 development life cycle uh i've been a software developer uh an architect for nearly 20 years
iWyH8ana6BU-00002-00001160-00001776 primarily focused on mobile and web i'm live coding on twitch three days a week as part of
iWyH8ana6BU-00003-00001776-00002480 the live coders team with c sharp fritz jeff fritz and uh i'm an off zero ambassador i love talking
iWyH8ana6BU-00004-00002480-00003368 about security so feel free to hit me up on that uh so one of the best parts of my job uh is to
iWyH8ana6BU-00005-00003368-00003984 find new technologies and tools and processes that help people in their developer experience and i'm
iWyH8ana6BU-00006-00003984-00004480 excited to share one of those with you today i've been using it for probably four or five months and
iWyH8ana6BU-00007-00004480-00005320 it is legit it is too legit in fact to quit yeah i said that uh so docker we don't need no stinking
iWyH8ana6BU-00008-00005320-00005968 dockers what is docker let's just go really quick high level overview you will not know all the
iWyH8ana6BU-00009-00005968-00006672 intricacies of docker after this but what is it uh the easiest and some would say too simplistic way
iWyH8ana6BU-00010-00006672-00007416 to describe docker is to compare them to virtual machines they are not virtual machines uh but both
iWyH8ana6BU-00011-00007416-00008056 provide similar resource isolation and allocation benefits but they're fundamentally different
iWyH8ana6BU-00012-00008176-00009296 because at its core doc uh vm uh virtualizes hardware whereas um containers virtualize the os
iWyH8ana6BU-00013-00009296-00009752 and really that's kind of a heavy-handed way to describe it uh containers would probably be better
iWyH8ana6BU-00014-00009752-00010408 described as a system service they're isolated and don't really know about anything you don't
iWyH8ana6BU-00015-00010408-00010920 specifically tell them about uh for instance uh they don't need to know about networking
iWyH8ana6BU-00016-00010920-00011496 they don't need to know about peripherals uh is that a word well it is now and so on you know
iWyH8ana6BU-00017-00011496-00011832 it doesn't have to know anything about that it's just a service that's running uh if you
iWyH8ana6BU-00018-00011832-00012280 need it to have network access you tell it about network access if it needs to know file access
iWyH8ana6BU-00019-00012280-00012912 you tell it about file access uh but another another reason we want to use docker is because
iWyH8ana6BU-00020-00013000-00013768 man the containers the images are so much smaller compared to like a vm uh image or or or just even
iWyH8ana6BU-00021-00013768-00014304 a whole install of sql server the images can be in the tens to 100 of megabytes versus gigs
iWyH8ana6BU-00022-00014376-00015088 of uh just the install for sql right nobody but sql in a container what are the benefits
iWyH8ana6BU-00023-00015088-00015791 to putting it in the container why would i want to do that well i'll tell you why i'm glad you
iWyH8ana6BU-00024-00015791-00016424 asked first is the reduced footprint on your local machine so if you've ever installed sql
iWyH8ana6BU-00025-00016488-00017064 you know that it's a big install and then i've got to deal with updates periodically
iWyH8ana6BU-00026-00017144-00017568 and i don't want to i don't want to i don't want to fight that battle right i mean i only need sql
iWyH8ana6BU-00027-00017568-00018056 server when i'm developing or maybe having to do some kind of data manipulation for a client
iWyH8ana6BU-00028-00018112-00018592 something like that you know i don't i don't necessarily need all that stuff all the time
iWyH8ana6BU-00029-00018680-00019096 second one of the benefits is we get cross-platform support so
iWyH8ana6BU-00030-00019096-00019816 all of our friends on linux and our friends on macs who are developing can all kind of share
iWyH8ana6BU-00031-00019816-00020520 in the joy that is developing against sql without having to you know install that there right uh and
iWyH8ana6BU-00032-00020520-00021304 the third one is um one less although massive attack vector on our machine if you've ever
iWyH8ana6BU-00033-00021304-00021864 installed sql server and watched your error logs you know first hand that sql server is one of
iWyH8ana6BU-00034-00021864-00022424 the most attacked pieces of software in the world it's insane and i don't want to be exposed to that
iWyH8ana6BU-00035-00022424-00023008 i don't even have to think about that right so by running sql server in a container you get all the
iWyH8ana6BU-00036-00023008-00023496 benefits of a full install while being able to throw it away when you're done working with no
iWyH8ana6BU-00037-00023496-00023984 impact to your local development machine that's right hashtag not on my machine
iWyH8ana6BU-00038-00024328-00025128 so let's let's well before we get into the demos i do want to say you probably shouldn't be
iWyH8ana6BU-00039-00025128-00025856 running sql server in a container in a production environment while only a sith deals in absolutes
iWyH8ana6BU-00040-00025920-00026424 i will say it would be a very unique use case that you would need to run sql in a container
iWyH8ana6BU-00041-00026424-00026952 in a production environment but we can use it for day-to-day tasks and to improve our development
iWyH8ana6BU-00042-00026952-00027776 workflow so let's see it in action are you ready first i'm just going to show you some some code
iWyH8ana6BU-00043-00027776-00028248 we're going to run in the terminal uh spinning it up in a container basically we're going to run a
iWyH8ana6BU-00044-00028248-00028752 command we have to have docker installed right that makes sense and we're going to run that
iWyH8ana6BU-00045-00028752-00029208 command up there that's kind of in the teal and basically to break down what each of those points
iWyH8ana6BU-00046-00029208-00029960 are you're setting two environment variables one is the sa accounts password shoutout.netcomp uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00047-00029960-00030632 we're also going to accept the eula you just gotta do it name is optional but recommended
iWyH8ana6BU-00048-00030632-00031008 because it names that container that's running and then otherwise you're gonna have to reference
iWyH8ana6BU-00049-00031008-00031552 that container by like the id which is god-awful don't do it you'll love me if you if you'll you'll
iWyH8ana6BU-00050-00031552-00032080 love me the minute you do it and remember hey mike said don't do that and then finally the dash d
iWyH8ana6BU-00051-00032080-00032608 we're telling uh we're telling docker what image we want to use to build that container so in this
iWyH8ana6BU-00052-00032608-00033496 case we're using uh ms sql server 2017 and it's actually running in uh linux so that's pretty cool
iWyH8ana6BU-00053-00033640-00034248 uh wait let's do that matter of fact let's go back and let me escape out of that and why don't we
iWyH8ana6BU-00054-00034480-00035184 do some magic in powershell so let me go we're gonna run that command
iWyH8ana6BU-00055-00035496-00035904 trust me we're going to run it it's going to be so cool okay so there's that command i'm
iWyH8ana6BU-00056-00035904-00036432 just copying and pasting it in hit go go gadget run and there it is so so it gives
iWyH8ana6BU-00057-00036432-00037080 me this gobbledygook and that's that image you never want to see that that string so uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00058-00037240-00037672 with that running we should see some docker containers running so if i well let me not use
iWyH8ana6BU-00059-00037672-00038368 my aliases let me long form it here uh there's our docker container look at it it's beautiful
iWyH8ana6BU-00060-00038432-00039096 look at that sucker running for 18 seconds named sql01 well so let's go through a use case right so
iWyH8ana6BU-00061-00039096-00039800 i can tell you we have a client who uh oftentimes sends us a backup of their one of their production
iWyH8ana6BU-00062-00039800-00040456 databases and says hey we've made some changes we want you to refresh the sql database that
iWyH8ana6BU-00063-00040456-00041016 you have and you're developing against to have our newest stuff so what it'll do it what will
iWyH8ana6BU-00064-00041088-00041608 we keep their database in azure so they send us a backup well normally you can just import a backup
iWyH8ana6BU-00065-00041608-00042216 file to azure but you can't have custom security logins with that and wouldn't you know what this
iWyH8ana6BU-00066-00042216-00043032 client has custom security logins because you know customers got a customer so let's go into
iWyH8ana6BU-00067-00043104-00043936 that directory i've got a folder here and i've actually got a backup right uh and i'm going to
iWyH8ana6BU-00068-00044024-00044864 let's see we've got that container out there let's just do this let's talk about maybe can we do it
iWyH8ana6BU-00069-00044864-00045288 so we've got our container running that's what we that we we executed this to do it
iWyH8ana6BU-00070-00045288-00045768 now let's talk about copying files in and out so basically this customer sent me a backup file
iWyH8ana6BU-00071-00045768-00046216 and i need to get that security login out so i can upload it to azure so we're going to run that
iWyH8ana6BU-00072-00046216-00046768 command there with docker copy and we're going to copy in the first parameter is the source file
iWyH8ana6BU-00073-00046768-00047280 the second parameter is the destination file and if you're going to use the you're going to use a
iWyH8ana6BU-00074-00047280-00047920 container as one of the source or the destination you need to prefix it like container name or
iWyH8ana6BU-00075-00047920-00048568 id colon the path so sql1 is the name of that container i spun up so let's run that same command
iWyH8ana6BU-00076-00048808-00049416 and i'm going to in this sources data folder i'm going to copy in that back up client going to
iWyH8ana6BU-00077-00049416-00050304 client.back and i'll come over here to my command line copy up that to that container and it just
iWyH8ana6BU-00078-00050304-00050992 comes up now one of the cool things i did in this when we executed the command to start it up i
iWyH8ana6BU-00079-00050992-00051744 exposed the port that's up here port 1433 i told it hey in that container you have port team 3143
iWyH8ana6BU-00080-00051832-00052696 map that to my local hosts my host machines 1433 so i can come into sql and connect to that sql
iWyH8ana6BU-00081-00052696-00053248 server using the password look in here there's no databases we just spun it up right there's
iWyH8ana6BU-00082-00053248-00053888 no databases here but i can come in and say hey restore a database because i copied that back into
iWyH8ana6BU-00083-00053888-00054591 the container i can now magically select it there and that that you'll notice the path var mseq data
iWyH8ana6BU-00084-00054591-00055664 that is no windowed path hit okay well thank you open it up let's see now i know they've got yep
iWyH8ana6BU-00085-00055664-00056224 sean hasselhoff i knew they had a custom login in there so i'm just going to remove him i don't need
iWyH8ana6BU-00086-00056224-00057008 it i'm just want to get this okay so now i need to do a backup backup yeah yeah default stuff yeah
iWyH8ana6BU-00087-00057008-00057832 just do it make it so number one okay disconnect from that so now in that container i've got a copy
iWyH8ana6BU-00088-00057888-00058488 of a backup file in there that has that security login removed so i'm just going to
iWyH8ana6BU-00089-00058752-00059224 let me see let me copy that command in it's basically the same copy command but the
iWyH8ana6BU-00090-00059224-00059736 parameters are back are swapped so i'm going to copy from the container out to my local machine
iWyH8ana6BU-00091-00059816-00060248 and here i've got a backup a matter of fact if i go ahead and delete that to show that it did it
iWyH8ana6BU-00092-00060248-00060624 because you know don't want to be cheating here there you go there's that back up from
iWyH8ana6BU-00093-00060624-00061208 the container that doesn't have that uh uh security log in so now i can go in there and
iWyH8ana6BU-00094-00061279-00061784 have fun with it so it's cool stuff you can map uh drives matter of fact we can um
iWyH8ana6BU-00095-00061912-00062591 let's see let me come into the slides again let's slide on up in here yeah yeah yeah that's a little
iWyH8ana6BU-00096-00062591-00063184 late port forwarding and volume mapping so we just showed you port forwarding because we added that
iWyH8ana6BU-00097-00063255-00063984 p1433 33 and that's mapping it from the host to the inside we can also map a volume
iWyH8ana6BU-00098-00064040-00064424 basically mapping a drive right so in this case i would be saying
iWyH8ana6BU-00099-00064504-00065096 d sources data which is a directory on my machine map that into var up my sql data that would be a
iWyH8ana6BU-00100-00065096-00065640 great way to persist that data because once the containers are gone let me get rid of that thing
iWyH8ana6BU-00101-00065640-00066328 sql one d remove sql sql1 goodbye to you so now we don't have any
iWyH8ana6BU-00102-00066328-00066920 containers and i'm going to run the same command again to create a container
iWyH8ana6BU-00103-00067008-00067528 but this time i'm going to tell it hey map that d sources data which is the folder we're in over
iWyH8ana6BU-00104-00067528-00068400 here to that directory inside the container which is where uh microsoft sql server stores its data
iWyH8ana6BU-00105-00068472-00068984 in this container so just hit that it's going to execute there i got a container it should be
iWyH8ana6BU-00106-00068984-00069584 running and then look over here in this folder all of a sudden my master database starts showing
iWyH8ana6BU-00107-00069584-00070264 up my model my temp db all those files start showing up so now i can log back into that again
iWyH8ana6BU-00108-00070544-00071936 like a boss i can come in here and create a new database uh yo this is cool hit okay and i've
iWyH8ana6BU-00109-00071936-00072568 got the database in ssms just like normal but i've also got the mdf and everything over here
iWyH8ana6BU-00110-00072568-00073208 so now when i disconnect from that just get out of it i'm gonna come over here and say you know stop
iWyH8ana6BU-00111-00073208-00073824 that container a matter of fact heck i hate it so bad just delete that container it's no longer
iWyH8ana6BU-00112-00073824-00074280 on my machine i don't have sql installed on my machine now but because i mapped that drive i've
iWyH8ana6BU-00113-00074280-00074856 still got the database and the data that i can use other places yeah it's the best table name ever
iWyH8ana6BU-00114-00074856-00075424 and yeah i'm in chat all up in your chat reading your messages yeah so so that's pretty cool so
iWyH8ana6BU-00115-00075544-00076088 we can do everyday tasks like that but let's take it a step further are you ready ladies and
iWyH8ana6BU-00116-00076088-00076624 gentlemen are you ready let's go into visual studio because you know developer gun develop
iWyH8ana6BU-00117-00076728-00077352 so in here i've got a very simple app it is so simple in fact that it will amaze you all i've got
iWyH8ana6BU-00118-00077352-00077928 is a couple classes you know client class what you gonna do uh it's got name created we're gonna use
iWyH8ana6BU-00119-00077928-00078512 some entity framework core right because that's how that's how we play here uh and then i've got
iWyH8ana6BU-00120-00078512-00079000 some things you know normally my connection stream is gonna be some environment variable super secret
iWyH8ana6BU-00121-00079000-00079536 connection string but uh if i'm in debug i'm gonna tell it hey the server is called sql demo
iWyH8ana6BU-00122-00079592-00080176 the database is called omg data and there's my username password now of course that's just in
iWyH8ana6BU-00123-00080176-00080880 debug right so there's just some stuff we're gonna we have a method to seed the data if we need it
iWyH8ana6BU-00124-00080880-00081272 uh we got our model this is all just ef core stuff we're not gonna get into that but trust me it's
iWyH8ana6BU-00125-00081272-00081800 amazing uh and then we have one database migration that basically builds out the database with the
iWyH8ana6BU-00126-00081800-00082624 clients and the uh and the uh address table and then i've got this like web app this.net core
iWyH8ana6BU-00127-00082688-00083376 mvc or asp.net core mvc app and all it's doing is spinning up and in that home controller i get that
iWyH8ana6BU-00128-00083376-00083928 uh context from that thing pull in the clients and return it to the index view and the index view
iWyH8ana6BU-00129-00083928-00084712 just basically does a tr build a table with the id and the name now my c data method um is running
iWyH8ana6BU-00130-00084712-00085464 every time in my startup i've got it telling it hey omg context migrate that data please
iWyH8ana6BU-00131-00085464-00086096 so that we have it so then when i run it nothing's going to happen it's going to bomb
iWyH8ana6BU-00132-00086096-00086656 because it's going to say that database doesn't exist except i have a docker file here because
iWyH8ana6BU-00133-00086656-00087208 of course i'm going to eventually deploy this asp.net core app in a docker container so i've
iWyH8ana6BU-00134-00087208-00087864 got a docker compose and that docker compose i say spin up that dock sql docker web app uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00135-00087928-00088528 and call it sql docker web you know and then it depends on the sql demo service which is
iWyH8ana6BU-00136-00088528-00089224 basically the sql 2017 and we're going to call it sql demo and because it's in that docker container
iWyH8ana6BU-00137-00089224-00089784 it's going to put those on the same network just amongst themselves uh i've exposed the port here
iWyH8ana6BU-00138-00089840-00090520 so that i can access it with ssms if i wanted to and then i've also mapped that drive so that uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00139-00090608-00091208 we can see the data later on so that container was gone so i can delete those files and i'm going
iWyH8ana6BU-00140-00091208-00092144 to debug this web app and if all the demo gods have been sufficient sufficiently appeased today
iWyH8ana6BU-00141-00092264-00093208 we should see a browser open up and magically it'll be just the default asp.net website except
iWyH8ana6BU-00142-00093208-00093848 it should list uh one client so that c database method basically sees one client and one address
iWyH8ana6BU-00143-00093952-00094336 and right now it's starting up it's compiling it all it's going to spin up
iWyH8ana6BU-00144-00094336-00094712 an asp.net core container and it's going to spin up a
iWyH8ana6BU-00145-00094712-00095248 sql server and there it is look at that i've got one record with just the id that's a grid
iWyH8ana6BU-00146-00095248-00095824 the customer's name and when i get done i can close this thing down and
iWyH8ana6BU-00147-00096104-00096784 stop debugging get out of it all i can go delete containers now look at that it created my omg data
iWyH8ana6BU-00148-00096856-00097352 database so i've still got that that i can play with if i need to i can access it i could spin
iWyH8ana6BU-00149-00097352-00097992 up that container and connect to it through ssms if i wanted to matter of fact heck let's do it
iWyH8ana6BU-00150-00097992-00098512 why not do it live let that thing start back up we'll connect to that sucker like a boss
iWyH8ana6BU-00151-00098736-00099152 let's see we want to connect and we're going to wait for it to finish loading okay i got my
iWyH8ana6BU-00152-00099152-00099624 web app up so proof in the pudding the web app is running so the sql server should be running
iWyH8ana6BU-00153-00099744-00100624 omg data omg data there's my clients my addresses it's got the migration history because you know
iWyH8ana6BU-00154-00100696-00101440 that's how we roll with ef core isn't that awesome i've got my data there i can sample it in ssms so
iWyH8ana6BU-00155-00101440-00101792 if i'm debugging i think there's something wrong with the data i can still play with it
iWyH8ana6BU-00156-00102040-00102408 and then i can close it down so this is like legit just a database for me
iWyH8ana6BU-00157-00102408-00102880 and my development environment and when i'm done with it i can say get out of here sql
iWyH8ana6BU-00158-00102880-00103856 and you're not on my machine because i named it i can just say docker why don't you remove sql demo
iWyH8ana6BU-00159-00103952-00104800 and sql docker dot web because i'm done oh i have to stop them d cx sql
iWyH8ana6BU-00160-00104800-00105728 demo i apologize for the dcx that's an alias which you can get from the dev toolbox powershell uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00161-00105911-00106632 extension uh it's pretty cool and it also works better if you type the names right just you know
iWyH8ana6BU-00162-00106632-00107072 little little helper there for you if you type the name of the container right it always removes it
iWyH8ana6BU-00163-00107072-00107735 better so now i'm done with visual studio i'm done developing but because i mapped that drive
iWyH8ana6BU-00164-00107735-00108264 i've still got my data there if i want to use it or if i didn't map it it could just go away
iWyH8ana6BU-00165-00108264-00108832 too which is wonderful it makes everybody happy if you're not happy with that well i don't know
iWyH8ana6BU-00166-00108832-00109352 what to tell you call mark miller because that presentation was amazing so with that thanks
iWyH8ana6BU-00167-00109352-00109816 everybody for listening to me talk about this uh it's it's always fun to hang out with all of you
iWyH8ana6BU-00168-00109816-00110608 my friends on twitch and the interwebs this is the michael johnson that's right bobby johnson uh you
iWyH8ana6BU-00169-00110608-00111152 can find my slides the uh the code that i use some additional links to help you start doing this at
iWyH8ana6BU-00170-00111152-00111800 that bitly link there you can find me on twitter at michael jolly i know it sounds weird but you
iWyH8ana6BU-00171-00111800-00112256 can also find me on the web at michaeljally.com i know it's hard to remember uh and then of course
iWyH8ana6BU-00172-00112256-00112735 i'm streaming three days a week on twitch i'd love to see you there uh and hang out with you
iWyH8ana6BU-00173-00112824-00113416 and uh and that's it uh anybody got some questions yes because i've got answers we've got some can
iWyH8ana6BU-00174-00113416-00114152 you hear me okay i can't hear you sweet so there we go uh so yeah we have some questions that uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00175-00114152-00114688 people have been posting people mostly having um issues with oh there you go perfect thank you for
iWyH8ana6BU-00176-00114688-00115208 turning the camera on and off that was perfect that's how we do it in developer land that's
iWyH8ana6BU-00177-00115208-00115920 right on and off so um with regards to hey ef and whatever else but the one that's here that i think
iWyH8ana6BU-00178-00115920-00116711 it's going to drive some good conversation is molten um uh m.c backers asking why wouldn't you
iWyH8ana6BU-00179-00116711-00117344 use docker and sql server in a production environment why is that an issue because
iWyH8ana6BU-00180-00117511-00118144 okay so so see think of docker as like a service right a system service that's running if you have
iWyH8ana6BU-00181-00118144-00118616 like a little process web app something very specific like that perfect for that scenario
iWyH8ana6BU-00182-00118720-00119224 you wouldn't want to try you know think about like micro services really right but you wouldn't
iWyH8ana6BU-00183-00119224-00119944 go put sap in a container it's just too much i mean you're gonna you're gonna you're gonna shoot
iWyH8ana6BU-00184-00119944-00120376 yourself to be honest you're you're not gonna last a year you're gonna drive yourself crazy
iWyH8ana6BU-00185-00120376-00120968 same way with sql server it's a little too big and then you get into issues of scaling that right uh
iWyH8ana6BU-00186-00120968-00121608 for instance like i showed you how to uh mount a drive to like the host machine for the data so
iWyH8ana6BU-00187-00121608-00122088 that data persists well that would be the only way you could do it because a container is transient
iWyH8ana6BU-00188-00122088-00122656 it goes away and comes back and come goes away and comes back well if you don't mount that to a drive
iWyH8ana6BU-00189-00122656-00123183 the data is going to go away with the container that is bad news if you're running in production
iWyH8ana6BU-00190-00123296-00123752 right but if you did mount it and you tried to scale that sql instance you're going to have
iWyH8ana6BU-00191-00123752-00124200 issues because you can't mount all those containers pointing to that same data file
iWyH8ana6BU-00192-00124200-00124792 uh and and live things are going to go squarely real quick when all those containers are trying
iWyH8ana6BU-00193-00124792-00125504 to access the same uh mdf yep but it's perfect in these little small scenarios where you have just
iWyH8ana6BU-00194-00125504-00126048 some tasks to run uh where i don't have to deal with like the full big install i don't have to
iWyH8ana6BU-00195-00126048-00126624 deal with managing updates and all that kind of stuff and firewall settings to make sure
iWyH8ana6BU-00196-00126624-00127144 i'm not being attacked uh matter of fact if you don't forward the ports to your host machine
iWyH8ana6BU-00197-00127144-00127744 like i showed you uh there's no exposure at all it's only available in that little docker network
iWyH8ana6BU-00198-00127744-00128208 which is really cool perfect yeah i was just i was looking at the chat here and uh molten
iWyH8ana6BU-00199-00128208-00128600 backer says like good cool good to know thank you for answering my question so that that was
iWyH8ana6BU-00200-00128600-00129088 really great uh good good you uh everybody don't do it everybody loved the presentation you did
iWyH8ana6BU-00201-00129088-00129680 an awesome job i knew you i knew you would based on our tech check a couple days ago so thank you
iWyH8ana6BU-00202-00129680-00130232 again uh michael for taking the time to chat with us and to share your knowledge and your passion
iXiR6OjFhWM-00000-00002840-00003504 Once upon a time in a faraway land, a young boy with straw-colored hair ...
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ia0UGB0dlVI-00002-00000531-00000942 He’s of course making headlines after this year’s Oscars since he won Best Supporting
ia0UGB0dlVI-00003-00000942-00001345 Actor for his role in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood – which is SO deserved.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00004-00001345-00001848 Over the span of his career, Brad’s owned a handful of luxury properties across the
ia0UGB0dlVI-00005-00001848-00002001 globe from France to Hollywood.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00006-00002001-00002461 However, the current place he calls home is his Los Feliz “compound” that he’s been
ia0UGB0dlVI-00007-00002461-00002632 building up for over 2 decades.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00008-00002632-00003044 We’ll be taking a better look at Brad’s 5 home estate and more in this video.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00009-00003044-00003218 Brad Pitt – where do I even begin?
ia0UGB0dlVI-00010-00003218-00003644 Well, William Bradley Pitt is both an actor and film producer, and he owns a successful
ia0UGB0dlVI-00011-00003644-00003802 production company, Plan B Entertainment.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00012-00003802-00004303 Aside from the Oscar he just won, he’s received multiple awards over the years including 2
ia0UGB0dlVI-00013-00004303-00004758 Golden Globes, another Oscar, and an Emmy award for producing under Plan B.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00014-00004758-00005255 Brad has starred in so many blockbuster films, from Fight Club – my personal fave, to the
ia0UGB0dlVI-00015-00005255-00005448 Ocean’s Eleven Franchise, and thrillers like Seven.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00016-00005448-00005889 No surprise he’s also been titled the world’s most attractive man time and time again, and
ia0UGB0dlVI-00017-00005889-00006217 considered one of the most influential people in the entertainment industry.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00018-00006217-00006637 Of course Brad has accumulated a huge fortune from all his dedicated work.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00019-00006637-00007076 Currently his estimated net worth sits at 300 MILLION US dollars, which was more than
ia0UGB0dlVI-00020-00007076-00007241 his ex Angelina Jolie.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00021-00007241-00007626 But apparently they signed an “ironclad” prenup so nothing to worry about.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00022-00007626-00008062 Speaking of their divorce, Brad got to keep the compound in Los Angeles which makes sense
ia0UGB0dlVI-00023-00008062-00008485 since that was his project he started back in the 90s while Angelina moved into a new
ia0UGB0dlVI-00024-00008485-00008632 mansion close by.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00025-00008632-00009022 Brad is also the father of 6 children so I can understand why he needs such a giant home
ia0UGB0dlVI-00026-00009022-00009214 – with a built in skate park no less.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00027-00009214-00009662 On the other hand, the property Brad used to own with his FIRST ex-wife Jennifer Aniston
ia0UGB0dlVI-00028-00009662-00010119 In Beverly Hills is on the market for over 44 million and it’s also impressive.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00029-00010119-00010382 So if you have that kind of money laying around you could check it out.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00030-00010382-00010731 Hey guys, it’s Kara and today we’re doing another House Tour here on Famous Entertainment.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00031-00010731-00011227 We’re going to look at the legendary Brad Pitt and his 5 house property in Los Feliz
ia0UGB0dlVI-00032-00011227-00011327 and much more.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00033-00011327-00011636 If you like these videos, make sure you’re subscribed and ring that bell to be notified
ia0UGB0dlVI-00034-00011636-00011861 when we post so you can always be up to date.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00035-00011861-00012184 We’ve also done house tours on the likes of Johnny Depp and Will Smith and we’ll
ia0UGB0dlVI-00036-00012184-00012341 have links to those at the end of this.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00037-00012341-00012662 Go ahead and follow me on Instagram (@Kara_emi) because I love connecting with you guys.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00038-00012662-00012991 I’ve also been reading all your comments and I’m going to be responding to some at
ia0UGB0dlVI-00039-00012991-00013091 the end of this.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00040-00013091-00013481 I need you to let me know who to do next in the comments down below, and who’s home
ia0UGB0dlVI-00041-00013481-00013697 you’d like to see.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00042-00013697-00014304 Now let’s get into this video.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00043-00014304-00015156 Before we get into Brad’s epic compound in Los Feliz let’s look at the mansion he
ia0UGB0dlVI-00044-00015156-00015363 lived in the first time he was a newlywed.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00045-00015363-00015784 Of course we can’t forget the era of Brad and Jen Aniston, especially since to this
ia0UGB0dlVI-00046-00015784-00016111 day tabloids are still constantly linking them together.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00047-00016111-00016402 Back in the day these two love birds lived in quite the house.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00048-00016402-00016935 In 2001 Brad and Jen bought this mansion for 13.1 million and spent 3 years renovating
ia0UGB0dlVI-00049-00016935-00017035 it.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00050-00017035-00017401 It’s located in the celeb-loved neighbourhood of Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, and was built
ia0UGB0dlVI-00051-00017401-00017706 back in the 30s and designed by the architect Wallace Neff.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00052-00017706-00018249 The price has increased over the years and now this home is listed at 44.5 MILL, which
ia0UGB0dlVI-00053-00018249-00018584 is a bargain since the original asking price was closer to 50.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00054-00018584-00019003 Brad’s previous home he lived in with Jen was 12,000 square feet of living space and
ia0UGB0dlVI-00055-00019003-00019334 described on the listing as “The Ultimate in Pedigree in Beverly Hills”.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00056-00019334-00019846 It had 4 beds in the main house and 12 baths, and there was an equally accommodating second
ia0UGB0dlVI-00057-00019846-00020069 story guest house with another bedroom.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00058-00020069-00020499 This mansion is described as “French Normandy Revival-style” and the spacious home has
ia0UGB0dlVI-00059-00020499-00020622 many features.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00060-00020622-00021079 Some of which include an eat in gourmet kitchen with my favorite black and white tiled floors,
ia0UGB0dlVI-00061-00021079-00021477 a light filled living room with floor to ceiling windows and a dining room that fits up to
ia0UGB0dlVI-00062-00021477-00021577 20.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00063-00021577-00021903 There’s a home gym on the upper level, a large private screening room, and even a pub
ia0UGB0dlVI-00064-00021903-00022320 room where Brad and Jen installed wood floors from a 200 year old French chateau.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00065-00022320-00022744 There’s a lower level bar, sitting room, and a “great room” with windows and French
ia0UGB0dlVI-00066-00022744-00023013 doors that open up to the patio area.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00067-00023013-00023433 Outside on the 1.2 acres of land surrounding Brad’s old house there’s a ton of space
ia0UGB0dlVI-00068-00023433-00023562 for dining and entertaining.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00069-00023562-00023991 There’s also an outdoor living area with a fireplace and a huge swimming pool.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00070-00023991-00024400 After Brad and Jen moved on from this home, the new owners added the full tennis court
ia0UGB0dlVI-00071-00024400-00024514 and pavilion.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00072-00024514-00024954 Not to mention this house is super private and has not one but two separate gated entries
ia0UGB0dlVI-00073-00024954-00025084 on different streets.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00074-00025084-00025486 Although Brad and Jen moved out of this home post divorce, they enjoyed it for a few years
ia0UGB0dlVI-00075-00025486-00025773 and clearly the value of the property only keeps going up.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00076-00025773-00026092 Now let’s take a look at Brad’s main estate in Los Feliz.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00077-00026092-00026583 He purchased the first property back in 1994 – even before Jen Aniston days, and has
ia0UGB0dlVI-00078-00026583-00026895 done a bunch of work to the main house to make it more family friendly.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00079-00026895-00027385 Brad’s main home that he bought first cost him only 1.7Million which sounds like a deal
ia0UGB0dlVI-00080-00027385-00027655 when you hear how much homes cost in Los Angeles now.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00081-00027655-00028102 It’s located in Los Feliz which is a trendy neighbourhood that attracts both established
ia0UGB0dlVI-00082-00028102-00028305 types and creative up and comers.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00083-00028305-00028745 It’s a hillside enclave that borders the massive Griffith Park, so Brad’s close to
ia0UGB0dlVI-00084-00028745-00028998 both the observatory and the Greek Theatre.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00085-00028998-00029369 Since Brad bought the first house, he spent the next 2 decades collecting neighboring
ia0UGB0dlVI-00086-00029369-00029567 properties to add to the compound.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00087-00029567-00029885 This gave him way more privacy and space for the children to play.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00088-00029885-00030504 His main mansion is 53338 square feet and has 6 bedrooms and 7 baths.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00089-00030504-00030920 Brad’s compound has 5 conjoining properties, and 4 of the buildings have been completely
ia0UGB0dlVI-00090-00030920-00031069 remodeled since purchase.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00091-00031069-00031608 In total, his fortress covers 80,000 square feet and has been over twenty years in the
ia0UGB0dlVI-00092-00031608-00031708 making.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00093-00031708-00032005 Some of the smaller houses around the main house include a home that was rebuilt over
ia0UGB0dlVI-00094-00032005-00032579 a decade after purchase, a house for the nanny, a building that’s used as a huge kids area,
ia0UGB0dlVI-00095-00032579-00032867 vacant land with a discreet 2 bedroom cottage, and more.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00096-00032867-00033261 Brad wanted to create a “free flowing” compound that suited the original houses in
ia0UGB0dlVI-00097-00033261-00033437 the area that date back to 1915.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00098-00033437-00033897 It’s a dream home made for both work and play considering his main house also doubles
ia0UGB0dlVI-00099-00033897-00034344 as a space for his Plan B Production company – located on the upper floor.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00100-00034344-00034750 After the purchase of the main house, in the late 90s, Brad went on to buy house number
ia0UGB0dlVI-00101-00034750-00035412 2, a smaller one for 380K at the back of his land which sits at almost 2500 square feet,
ia0UGB0dlVI-00102-00035412-00036024 and then another neighbouring house for 475K which was just over 1600 square feet.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00103-00036024-00036654 Later on, when Brad was with Angelina, the next addition was in 2008 and it cost 1.28
ia0UGB0dlVI-00104-00036654-00037024 Million, even though it was only 1500 square feet.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00105-00037024-00037411 The following year they spent 1.1 million on a huge barn like structure which now has
ia0UGB0dlVI-00106-00037411-00037612 a secret cave and its own bar.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00107-00037612-00038002 This made it possible to make a building a huge playroom for the kids that doubled as
ia0UGB0dlVI-00108-00038002-00038194 a living quarters and den for them.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00109-00038194-00038666 Brad’s massive and completely secluded compound has a bunch of exciting stuff outside too.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00110-00038666-00039104 There are three swimming pools for the children and plenty of decks and patios to soak up
ia0UGB0dlVI-00111-00039104-00039204 the sun.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00112-00039204-00039590 There’s also a tennis court, secret cave and a large skate park that goes around part
ia0UGB0dlVI-00113-00039590-00039690 of the property.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00114-00039690-00040136 Since Brad’s divorce from Angelina, he’s added even more fun stuff for the kids.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00115-00040136-00040656 Aerial shots reveal slides, swings, pool toys, a treehouse, and even a bouncy castle.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00116-00040656-00041071 It seems like the family compound is more like an amusement park these days.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00117-00041071-00041602 Back in 2013 Brad told Esquire that it could get noisy at home, but he loved it, admitting:
ia0UGB0dlVI-00118-00041602-00041982 “I always thought that if I wanted to do a family, I wanted to do it big.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00119-00041982-00042201 I wanted there to be chaos in the house.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00120-00042201-00042672 There's a constant chatter in our house, whether it's giggling or screaming or crying or banging.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00121-00042672-00042772 I love it.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00122-00042772-00042872 I love it.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00123-00042872-00042972 I love it.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00124-00042972-00043236 I hate it when they're gone”And I’m sure the kids love being at Brad’s compound too.So
ia0UGB0dlVI-00125-00043236-00043713 now we’ve looked inside Brad Pitt’s massive 5 property compound in Los Feliz that he calls
ia0UGB0dlVI-00126-00043713-00043813 home.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00127-00043813-00044174 With all of those properties, I’m not surprised it was a project that took him over 20 years
ia0UGB0dlVI-00128-00044174-00044274 to collect.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00129-00044274-00044713 These 5 are far from the only real estate Brad has to his name, and he also owns a spot
ia0UGB0dlVI-00130-00044713-00044813 in the Hollywood Hills.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00131-00044813-00045316 He’s been a self proclaimed design and architect enthusiast for awhile now and Brad actually
ia0UGB0dlVI-00132-00045316-00045491 helped design this retreat.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00133-00045491-00045980 He worked with GRAFT in Los Angeles, a group of 3 young architects and created a dramatic
ia0UGB0dlVI-00134-00045980-00046227 and tranquil home, which is super modern.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00135-00046227-00046657 Not to mention, over the span of his successful career, Brad has owned homes not just all
ia0UGB0dlVI-00136-00046657-00046879 over the US, but around the world.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00137-00046879-00047375 He owned a 7000 square foot “Big easy” mansion with 2 storey guest house in New Orleans
ia0UGB0dlVI-00138-00047375-00047787 and an apartment in New York’s Waldorf Astoria towers with Angelina.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00139-00047787-00048294 Brad also bought a Malibu beach house for 8.4 million in 2005 that was later sold to
ia0UGB0dlVI-00140-00048294-00048778 Ellen DeGeneres and Portia De Rossi, and in 2000 he got a Santa Barbara beach house on
ia0UGB0dlVI-00141-00048778-00048997 11.5 acres of land.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00142-00048997-00049377 Even up until recently, the Santa Barbara home has been used as a vacation home for
ia0UGB0dlVI-00143-00049377-00049488 Brad and the kids.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00144-00049488-00049860 We also can’t forget the properties Brad and Angelina bought in Europe such as the
ia0UGB0dlVI-00145-00049860-00050338 infamous Chateau Miraval castle in Southern France they called home for years and got
ia0UGB0dlVI-00146-00050338-00050438 married at.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00147-00050438-00050831 There was more real estate in France, a home in London England, and even a more recent
ia0UGB0dlVI-00148-00050831-00051228 villa worth 3.7 mill Brad bought on the Spanish island of Majorca.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00149-00051228-00051686 A lot of these homes Brad has moved on from, especially since his divorce, but I’m not
ia0UGB0dlVI-00150-00051686-00052044 surprised with all of the properties he’s accumulated considering his net worth.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00151-00052044-00052294 What do you guys think about Brad’s Los Feliz compound?
ia0UGB0dlVI-00152-00052294-00052754 Ok guys before we finish up i’ll read out some comments from previous videos.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00153-00052754-00053226 On our recent Niall Horan House Tour, Sandile Sifiso commented saying:“I don’t even
ia0UGB0dlVI-00154-00053226-00053326 miss a single video.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00155-00053326-00053426 Good work.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00156-00053426-00053646 All the way from South Africa” Thank you Sandile!
ia0UGB0dlVI-00157-00053646-00053798 I’m glad you like the vids.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00158-00053798-00053960 Let me know who I should do next.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00159-00053960-00054329 Paivi Project commented on our Britney Spears House tour and wrote:
ia0UGB0dlVI-00160-00054329-00054566 “Miss Britney is one helluva entertainer.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00161-00054566-00054686 I like her music.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00162-00054686-00054901 She sure has lived in nice places.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00163-00054901-00055246 Thousand Oaks home looks amazing, you go girl be happy”
ia0UGB0dlVI-00164-00055246-00055678 I love Britney and her home too – I think I might just do another video on her soon.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00165-00055678-00056172 And Luigi Diaz said also on our Britney vid: “She can sing, dance and act she is a living
ia0UGB0dlVI-00166-00056172-00056387 icon from the 90s”
ia0UGB0dlVI-00167-00056387-00056714 Aright guys, that's all I could find on Brad Pitt’s massive compound in Los Feliz.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00168-00056714-00056874 What were your thoughts on his estate?
ia0UGB0dlVI-00169-00056874-00057054 Or which spot did you like the best?
ia0UGB0dlVI-00170-00057054-00057441 I didn’t get to see all of his compound but I really loved that home he had back in
ia0UGB0dlVI-00171-00057441-00057576 the day with Jen Aniston.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00172-00057576-00057727 That was my personal fave.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00173-00057727-00058087 Let me know in the comments as well as what other celebrity houses you'd like to see.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00174-00058087-00058344 Follow me on Instagram if you want to chat more (@kara_emi)
ia0UGB0dlVI-00175-00058344-00059387 And I'll see you in the next vid.
ia0UGB0dlVI-00176-00059387-00060313 BYE!!!
ib-h6G5ugdI-00000-00000349-00000743 Daya: Sir... A/C gayab ho raha hai!!
ib-h6G5ugdI-00001-00000743-00001160 Abhijeet: Are wo gayab ho ke wapis bhi aa raha hai!!
ib-h6G5ugdI-00002-00001160-00001400 ACP: is video ka maksad saaf hai...
ib-h6G5ugdI-00003-00001460-00002000 Video banane wala batana chata hai ki ac gayab ho ke wapis aa jata hai... Lekin kaise??
ib-h6G5ugdI-00004-00002060-00002900 Daya Pata lagao ye AC gayab ho ke wapis kaise aata hai?
icR2eL0ajnI-00000-00000000-00001000 og buda type beat,free og buda type beat,og buda type beat free,og buda free type beat,og buda type beat 2022,og buda type beat 2021,mayot type beat,type beat,free og buda type beat 2021,free og buda type beat 2022,type beat og buda,og buda,free mayot type beat,detroit type beat,163onmyneck type beat,og buda free type beat 2021,платина type beat,soda luv type beat,free type beat og buda,mayot type beat free,scally milano type beat
if9PXKj1l_Q-00000-00000106-00000437 Whether you're in a masters or an undergraduate program,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00001-00000437-00000787 you've probably heard about the term plagiarism before.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00002-00000787-00001111 You know, it's bad news and that if you plagiarize,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00003-00001111-00001501 you make it a zero on your assignment or fail a course.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00004-00001501-00001851 So avoiding plagiarism is important, right?
if9PXKj1l_Q-00005-00001851-00002258 But what does 'to plagiarize' mean exactly?
if9PXKj1l_Q-00006-00002258-00002545 Actually, several definitions are out there.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00007-00002545-00002859 Some include to pass off or present
if9PXKj1l_Q-00008-00002859-00003223 another person's ideas, information, expressions
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00010-00003476-00003753 To commit literary theft.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00011-00003753-00004140 Okay, but what does all of this mean in plain English?
if9PXKj1l_Q-00012-00004140-00004290 Let's get into it. 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00013-00004290-00004761 Basically, it means that you must do your own work.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00014-00004761-00004998 Submit original work. 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00015-00004998-00005368 Contribute your own thoughts and ideas.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00016-00005368-00005735 Quote and paraphrase according to assignment requirements.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00017-00005735-00006343 And always give credit to all works and ideas that you borrow.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00018-00006343-00006459 Here are four 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00019-00006459-00006833 quick pointers to help you keep on track.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00020-00006833-00007187 Number one is time management.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00021-00007187-00007464 We know student life can be challenging,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00022-00007464-00007781 juggling all your academic work, the papers,
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00025-00008458-00008848 and your social life is a lot to take care of.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00026-00008848-00009155 It can be tempting to take dangerous shortcuts,
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00028-00009632-00009903 reusing a paper you wrote before,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00029-00009903-00010326 or cutting and pasting information without giving credit.
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00031-00010657-00010757 Not much. 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00032-00010757-00011107 And you risk losing points or getting a zero on your assignment,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00033-00011107-00011504 losing credit for a course, getting a permanent note of plagiarism
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00035-00011654-00012108 or possibly even being expelled from MSVU.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00036-00012108-00012225 So instead, 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00037-00012225-00012762 learn to manage your time more effectively and avoid procrastination
if9PXKj1l_Q-00038-00012762-00013089 by using the resources that we've prepared for you
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00040-00013259-00013630 You can find help in Mount 10, Groodle,
if9PXKj1l_Q-00041-00013630-00013937 or by contacting the learning strategist.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00042-00013937-00014217 This will allow you to manage your stress levels
if9PXKj1l_Q-00043-00014217-00014634 so that there's no temptation to take a dangerous shortcut.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00044-00014634-00014921 You'll be able to get your work done and still enjoy
if9PXKj1l_Q-00045-00014921-00015325 time with your family or an evening out with your friends.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00046-00015325-00015735 The second pointer is about making sure you understand your assignment.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00047-00015735-00015902 So here's the scene. 
if9PXKj1l_Q-00048-00015902-00016216 You look through the requirements for your assignment
if9PXKj1l_Q-00049-00016216-00016603 and feel that you don't even know where to start.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00050-00016603-00016880 This is the perfect time to make a list
if9PXKj1l_Q-00051-00016880-00017377 of what you understand and what you need clarification on.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00052-00017377-00017751 Then it's time to ask your professor.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00053-00017751-00018094 Ask a specific question that demonstrates that you've attempted
if9PXKj1l_Q-00054-00018094-00018545 the first steps to decipher the assignment.
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00065-00022032-00022152 While researching. 
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00078-00025989-00026376 last tip is about getting writing help.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00079-00026376-00026730 So you've done your research and organized your sources,
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if9PXKj1l_Q-00109-00036523-00036813 Best of luck with your writing assignments this semester.
if9PXKj1l_Q-00110-00036813-00036990 You've got this.
ijzTqYfor8M-00000-00001055-00001504 From online dating, working abroad or moving away for school,
ijzTqYfor8M-00001-00001504-00001935 there's about a hundred ways you could end up in a long distance relationship.
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ijzTqYfor8M-00048-00029375-00030016 Look at your screen now to see two other videos we had picked for you to enjoy
ijzTqYfor8M-00049-00030388-00030688 next.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00000-00000030-00000456 Maturity has no relation whatsoever to age.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00001-00000472-00001204 I call someone mature who no longer has faith in earthly homes.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00002-00001792-00002750 "Don't waste your life just building earthly homes.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00003-00003130-00003696 And remember the immortal home you have left behind,
ijYuW2zvW3A-00004-00003832-00004130 that you will return to in the future.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00005-00004172-00004528 Once you remember that place, 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00006-00004612-00005248 you will no longer consider those homes to be homes."
ijYuW2zvW3A-00007-00005322-00005876 Some children were playing with sand on the bank of a river. 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00008-00005990-00006348 They had made houses of sand 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00009-00006426-00006786 and each was proclaiming,
ijYuW2zvW3A-00010-00006912-00007598 "This is my house. Mine is the best 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00011-00007726-00008020 and nobody else can have it."
ijYuW2zvW3A-00012-00008202-00008426 They went on playing like this, 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00013-00008504-00009262 and if one of them damaged another's house in some way, 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00014-00009410-00009830 they quarreled, they fought.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00015-00009958-00010512 Slowly the darkness of dusk began to gather 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00016-00010682-00011176 and they remembered that they had to go home. 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00017-00011284-00011818 Just like that, they left their houses and palaces ;
ijYuW2zvW3A-00018-00011990-00013140 none of them thought anymore about "mine" and "yours."
ijYuW2zvW3A-00019-00013213-00013658 I read this parable somewhere
ijYuW2zvW3A-00020-00013768-00014682 and I thought how true this small story is. 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00021-00014772-00015618 Aren't we all also like small children building castles in the sand ?" 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00022-00015708-00016448 How few people are reminded about going home when they see the sun setting ! 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00023-00016582-00017942 And don't most people leave this world still carrying a sense of "mine" and "yours"?
ijYuW2zvW3A-00024-00018120-00018346 about their houses of sand?
ijYuW2zvW3A-00025-00018540-00019176 Remember, maturity has no relation whatsoever to age.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00026-00019406-00020236 I call someone mature who no longer has faith in earthly homes. 
ijYuW2zvW3A-00027-00020460-00021150 The others are just children playing with sand castles.
ijYuW2zvW3A-00028-00021312-00021840 Thank you very much for watching my all Videos.
il1bDFojFsu-00000-00000019-00000242 Wrapping up Cicero today,
il1bDFojFsu-00001-00000369-00000629 Book 5 of On Moral Ends.
il1bDFojFsu-00002-00000756-00001229 First question is; who are the characters and what is the setting of the dialogue?
il1bDFojFsu-00003-00001707-00001907 Yeah. (student speak)
il1bDFojFsu-00004-00002581-00003270 Very good and for extra credit, do you know what the date - the dramatic date of it is supposed to be? (student speak)
il1bDFojFsu-00005-00003432-00004037 79 BC and where does that stand relative to the dramatic date of the other books? (student speak)
il1bDFojFsu-00006-00004201-00004959 Earlier exactly. Okay, very good. Very excellent reading. You could count those answers easily as
il1bDFojFsu-00007-00005073-00005639 positive contribution to the discussion. I'm a little bit worried about all these other people that don't seem to be able to figure out
il1bDFojFsu-00008-00005662-00006203 who the basic characters are in dialogues? They're reading. I'm wondering, when they're reading Shakespeare, do they
il1bDFojFsu-00009-00006268-00006468 know when Hamlet's talking?
il1bDFojFsu-00010-00006573-00007055 Who's Romeo who's Juliet? Because it matters to the interpretation of the play.
il1bDFojFsu-00011-00007122-00007306 Let me illustrate that
il1bDFojFsu-00012-00007306-00008045 fact with respect to this set of characters and this dramatic setting. It's a bit
il1bDFojFsu-00013-00008068-00008697 jarring I think, when you think that Book 5 of this work is; we're going back in time
il1bDFojFsu-00014-00008797-00009512 two or three decades earlier than the setting of Books 1 & 2 and Books 3 & 4,
il1bDFojFsu-00015-00009597-00009797 which were both around 50
il1bDFojFsu-00016-00009928-00010161 BC as opposed to 79 BC.
il1bDFojFsu-00017-00010336-00010808 And what's happening is it's like Cicero is a sort of, college student.
il1bDFojFsu-00018-00010903-00011268 They're really interested in the Greek system and so forth. Does it work?
il1bDFojFsu-00019-00011320-00012066 And he's walking around with some of his friends and they're seeing the sights in Athens just like we do today.
il1bDFojFsu-00020-00012097-00012297 They're walking by
il1bDFojFsu-00021-00012358-00012584 where the Academy used to be. Where the Peripatos used to be. Where the
il1bDFojFsu-00022-00012670-00013380 Gardens of Epicurus used to be. Where the the Stoics used to teach their philosophy. And everything
il1bDFojFsu-00023-00013462-00014088 at this point - it's all in ruins and that's because of Roman
il1bDFojFsu-00024-00014161-00014624 imperialism and warfare has reduced the city to rubble
il1bDFojFsu-00025-00014697-00014869 basically.
il1bDFojFsu-00026-00014869-00015138 What's happening with this dramatic set up?
il1bDFojFsu-00027-00015190-00015473 It seems that Cicero is making a point that;
il1bDFojFsu-00028-00015529-00016106 now there is not a bunch of Greeks sitting around in these places doing all the philosophy, but it's these
il1bDFojFsu-00029-00016263-00016614 international students from Rome that come there and
il1bDFojFsu-00030-00016738-00016938 that now it's about
il1bDFojFsu-00031-00016942-00017142 Rome.
il1bDFojFsu-00032-00017170-00017370 Roman philosophers are
il1bDFojFsu-00033-00017431-00018108 taking the mantle of the Greek philosophers, and actually still advancing it and in
il1bDFojFsu-00034-00018136-00018561 the context of ruins. Whereas back in their city, in Rome, everything's
il1bDFojFsu-00035-00018619-00018819 glorious and so on.
il1bDFojFsu-00036-00018838-00019335 I think that setting is very interesting from the standpoint of specifically Hellenistic philosophy and specifically
il1bDFojFsu-00037-00019363-00020088 Roman philosophy trying to - Cicero as we've seen, is trying to create an identity for Roman
il1bDFojFsu-00038-00020167-00020483 Philosophy and that's why he's composed his work in Latin.
il1bDFojFsu-00039-00020491-00021230 He's gone to all this trouble to try to translate these difficult Greek scientific and philosophical terms into Latin.
il1bDFojFsu-00040-00021325-00021525 And he's got an imperialist
il1bDFojFsu-00041-00021576-00021772 attitude about
il1bDFojFsu-00042-00021772-00022044 about what's happened, and the history of it.
il1bDFojFsu-00043-00022254-00022508 What they decide to have a debate about is
il1bDFojFsu-00044-00022603-00023273 the various systems, and they return to the overall theme of the work. Which is; what is the
il1bDFojFsu-00045-00023370-00023789 highest good, and what is the ultimate aim of all of our actions?
il1bDFojFsu-00046-00023806-00024585 And they say that people that don't think about this, are like people that never bother to plan their lives. Or even worse,
il1bDFojFsu-00047-00024610-00025310 they in vain planned small parts of their lives like; how to get through this term or this
il1bDFojFsu-00048-00025348-00025877 academic year, or till you get this degree, or something. Then you plan a bunch of series of small
il1bDFojFsu-00049-00025951-00026645 events in your life, and without ever having given thought to what would give any of those meaning. Which is; what the overall
il1bDFojFsu-00050-00026727-00026927 purpose of life is, something
il1bDFojFsu-00051-00026986-00027177 still being debated.
il1bDFojFsu-00052-00027177-00027513 Now what shows the synthetic
il1bDFojFsu-00053-00027619-00027995 nature of this dramatic setting and these characters and so forth,
il1bDFojFsu-00054-00027995-00028764 is that the way that they discuss the older philosophical schools exactly conforms to the
il1bDFojFsu-00055-00028822-00029454 breakdown and analysis of it that was given in Books two and Books four. And
il1bDFojFsu-00056-00029611-00030123 that is where we basically said; there's three kinds of natural attachment to pleasure.
il1bDFojFsu-00057-00030175-00030614 Freedom from pain, or the primary things in accordance with nature
il1bDFojFsu-00058-00030679-00030879 defined as things like;
il1bDFojFsu-00059-00030988-00031302 health, a modicum of wealth, family,
il1bDFojFsu-00060-00031377-00031577 living in a good country,
il1bDFojFsu-00061-00031588-00031788 things like that.
il1bDFojFsu-00062-00031819-00032019 We saw that
il1bDFojFsu-00063-00032029-00032348 there are certain philosophers who say that the end is
il1bDFojFsu-00064-00032461-00032666 actual attainment of the natural
il1bDFojFsu-00065-00032776-00032962 attachment. So
il1bDFojFsu-00066-00032962-00033756 attainment of pleasure is the goal of Aristippus, attainment of freedom of pain is the goal of Heronymus, and
il1bDFojFsu-00067-00033856-00034056 Carneades, an
il1bDFojFsu-00068-00034057-00034704 academic skeptic said to defend, for the purposes of argument, that the goal of life is the
il1bDFojFsu-00069-00034750-00035076 actual attainment of primary things in accordance of nature.
il1bDFojFsu-00070-00035410-00036051 There are theoretically other views that say that the goal is not actually the attainment of these but merely
il1bDFojFsu-00071-00036091-00036564 aiming at them. The Stoics are said to represent a few, according to which
il1bDFojFsu-00072-00036584-00037206 the goal is to aim at the primary things, in accordance with nature, in their view virtue.
il1bDFojFsu-00073-00037400-00037827 But that the attainment of it while that is to be
il1bDFojFsu-00074-00037972-00038625 selected if it's available, is not to be sought because we don't care about the results and
il1bDFojFsu-00075-00038656-00039381 consequences. What we care about is the intentional state of mind of the person that's making the choices. Why? Because
il1bDFojFsu-00076-00039452-00039700 we have an entirely cognitive theory of virtues and vices,
il1bDFojFsu-00077-00039772-00040050 emotions, and so forth. So all we care about is the kind of
il1bDFojFsu-00078-00040112-00040317 cognition that somebody engages in.
il1bDFojFsu-00079-00040369-00040782 Now that is a controversial view of the Stoics,
il1bDFojFsu-00080-00040783-00041544 but there doesn't seem to be any analogy to that view in the case of those who make the natural attachment pleasure,
il1bDFojFsu-00081-00041544-00041663 or freedom from pain.
il1bDFojFsu-00082-00041663-00041964 Nobody seems to defend the apparently
il1bDFojFsu-00083-00042005-00042556 incoherent position that, the goal of life is to aim at getting as much pleasure as you can and
il1bDFojFsu-00084-00042638-00042939 it'll be fine even if you fail to get it. Or
il1bDFojFsu-00085-00042994-00043599 the goal is freedom from pain, and you should intend to attain freedom from pain.
il1bDFojFsu-00086-00043600-00043908 But if you don't, if you end up in great pain your whole life,
il1bDFojFsu-00087-00043909-00044667 you're still fine because the goal of it is just to aim at it. Those are clearly incoherent views, and so nobody actually
il1bDFojFsu-00088-00044734-00044934 occupies those
il1bDFojFsu-00089-00044950-00045140 positions.
il1bDFojFsu-00090-00045140-00045522 Then there are what Cicero own calls complex views that combine
il1bDFojFsu-00091-00045644-00046338 morality or an interest in virtue with one of the other natural attachments.
il1bDFojFsu-00092-00046421-00046696 Calypho is said to combine pleasure an
il1bDFojFsu-00093-00046838-00047370 and morality or virtue. Theodores is said to combine morality and
il1bDFojFsu-00094-00047440-00047640 freedom from pain.
il1bDFojFsu-00095-00047665-00047865 Now we have a position
il1bDFojFsu-00096-00047902-00048531 identified with what Cicero calls; The Old Academy and it seems to be the view of
il1bDFojFsu-00097-00048665-00048859 one of his teachers,
il1bDFojFsu-00098-00048859-00049059 Antiochus that
il1bDFojFsu-00099-00049090-00049535 the goal in life is morality combined with
il1bDFojFsu-00100-00049759-00050528 actually attaining the primary things according to nature. After Cicero reviews this
il1bDFojFsu-00101-00050659-00050859 schematic account,
il1bDFojFsu-00102-00050865-00051065 the first thing he does is says;
il1bDFojFsu-00103-00051159-00051806 these views about pleasure and freedom from pain, we can basically eliminate because that's not morality.
il1bDFojFsu-00104-00051807-00052334 And so that can't possibly be the final, and we can just eliminate those views.
il1bDFojFsu-00105-00052363-00052772 There are no holders of these views so we can ignore those.
il1bDFojFsu-00106-00052833-00053300 Carneades doesn't actually hold this position, and there doesn't really seem to be an
il1bDFojFsu-00107-00053358-00053579 advocate of that view.
il1bDFojFsu-00108-00053689-00053887 Furthermore, in
il1bDFojFsu-00109-00053887-00054066 Cicero's
il1bDFojFsu-00110-00054066-00054839 language to combine morality with either pleasure or freedom from pain is to defile
il1bDFojFsu-00111-00054919-00055083 morality. And it's a very
il1bDFojFsu-00112-00055083-00055622 unmanly thing to do, to have any concern about whether you're in pain or whether you have
il1bDFojFsu-00113-00055641-00056039 pleasure when there's these important things about morality. And so with that
il1bDFojFsu-00114-00056094-00056202 extremely
il1bDFojFsu-00115-00056202-00056876 dismissive comment, he eliminates these views. He has set up a situation where the
il1bDFojFsu-00116-00057022-00057219 debate about; what the overall
il1bDFojFsu-00117-00057219-00057887 highest good and final end and ultimate moral end is, comes down to a debate between
il1bDFojFsu-00118-00057945-00058145 the Stoics and
il1bDFojFsu-00119-00058170-00058363 the so-called Old
il1bDFojFsu-00120-00058363-00058507 Academy.
il1bDFojFsu-00121-00058507-00058826 The difference between their views is
il1bDFojFsu-00122-00059041-00059516 essentially that the old academy allows that things
il1bDFojFsu-00123-00059619-00059939 like; health, wealth, a
il1bDFojFsu-00124-00060039-00060239 good political situation, a good
il1bDFojFsu-00125-00060333-00060533 family and so forth,
il1bDFojFsu-00126-00060535-00060987 that those are important to happiness. And they are in fact
il1bDFojFsu-00127-00061072-00061225 good and
il1bDFojFsu-00128-00061225-00061826 that we need to attain them to realistically say that we're happy.
il1bDFojFsu-00129-00061830-00062602 Whereas the Stoics deny that any of those  things are actually good. And they deny that we need to actually attain
il1bDFojFsu-00130-00062648-00063361 any good thing, as opposed to our highest good simply being, aiming at it now, I'll get into further
il1bDFojFsu-00131-00063479-00063679 details about it in due course
il1bDFojFsu-00132-00063710-00064345 and really try to build up and represent this position of the old Academy.
il1bDFojFsu-00133-00064412-00064612 He also
il1bDFojFsu-00134-00064622-00065272 reiterates his exclusion of several other views including; those of Democritus, Pierrot, Aristo,
il1bDFojFsu-00135-00065329-00065791 Aurelius and so forth that he thinks don't really count as candidates for
il1bDFojFsu-00136-00065909-00066109 having a strong defenseable view here.
il1bDFojFsu-00137-00066401-00066766 Okay, let me try to illustrate
il1bDFojFsu-00138-00066851-00066989 this
il1bDFojFsu-00139-00066989-00067686 position of the old academy And first of all, why is it called the old Academy? Well, because
il1bDFojFsu-00140-00067859-00068118 Plato founded the Academy,
il1bDFojFsu-00141-00068213-00068622 among his pupils in the Academy were Aristotle and
il1bDFojFsu-00142-00068702-00068925 his cousin Eustippus, and
il1bDFojFsu-00143-00069023-00069244 Xenocrates, and some other people.
il1bDFojFsu-00144-00069338-00069859 Aristotle founded his own school called the Peripatetic after Plato died.
il1bDFojFsu-00145-00069965-00070228 Eustippus was put in charge of the old
il1bDFojFsu-00146-00070394-00070974 Academy but started doing philosophy in a very different way than Plato did. Instead of writing
il1bDFojFsu-00147-00070991-00071541 dialogues where there were characters debating about things, often ending in aporia or perplexity
il1bDFojFsu-00148-00071600-00072001 about the matter such as what is knowledge, what is virtue, what is piety.
il1bDFojFsu-00149-00072056-00072256 We started getting elaborate
il1bDFojFsu-00150-00072290-00072654 mathematical theories about the good, about ontology,
il1bDFojFsu-00151-00072737-00072948 metaphysics, these kinds of things.
il1bDFojFsu-00152-00073154-00073393 And in a way
il1bDFojFsu-00153-00073541-00073995 these developments then gave way to a skeptical
il1bDFojFsu-00154-00074390-00074575 reaction against them.
il1bDFojFsu-00155-00074575-00075325 Why are we building up these big systems instead of maintaining the philosophy of Socrates that merely enquired into these
il1bDFojFsu-00156-00075381-00075581 things without taking a position themselves.
il1bDFojFsu-00157-00075719-00076141 And so we had the development of a kind of
il1bDFojFsu-00158-00076226-00076969 New Academy, a new skeptical Academy, associated with Carneades where we reject
il1bDFojFsu-00159-00077033-00077497 the very possibility of knowledge and we instead rely on
il1bDFojFsu-00160-00077556-00078194 probabilistic reasoning to get by, but we deny that any knowledge is actually possible. Here
il1bDFojFsu-00161-00078255-00078938 taking taking a position that even other skeptics rejected like Pyrrhonian and skeptics who say we can't even know
il1bDFojFsu-00162-00078969-00079249 whether knowledge is possible or not.
il1bDFojFsu-00163-00079380-00079597 Then there is eventually a
il1bDFojFsu-00164-00079706-00080215 backlash in this age of Antiochus and so forth against this skeptical
il1bDFojFsu-00165-00080306-00080602 orientation of the new Academy towards pure
il1bDFojFsu-00166-00080679-00081449 skepticism. And a backlash that said; let's get back to what they thought was an actual
il1bDFojFsu-00167-00081468-00081575 old
il1bDFojFsu-00168-00081575-00081913 academic system. Now this old academic system
il1bDFojFsu-00169-00081966-00082166 included elements of
il1bDFojFsu-00170-00082232-00082432 the early
il1bDFojFsu-00171-00082518-00082718 successors of Plato but also
il1bDFojFsu-00172-00082800-00083000 Aristotle's views. And so
il1bDFojFsu-00173-00083055-00083211 Aristotle's school
il1bDFojFsu-00174-00083211-00083428 the Peripatos gets
il1bDFojFsu-00175-00083505-00083731 amalgamated in with this
il1bDFojFsu-00176-00083799-00084589 doctrinal or dogmatic account of Platonism and called the old Academy. It essentially
il1bDFojFsu-00177-00084648-00084848 represents the essential
il1bDFojFsu-00178-00084849-00085285 advancements in the basis of the ethical theorizing had to do with Aristotle's
il1bDFojFsu-00179-00085325-00086014 views. We have been introduced to Aristotle's views because you read the first book of Aristotle's Nicomachean
il1bDFojFsu-00180-00086031-00086797 Ethics where he lays out his methodology of ethics and what he takes to be the highest end, and the role that he
il1bDFojFsu-00181-00086825-00087025 gives to
il1bDFojFsu-00182-00087026-00087164 external goods.
il1bDFojFsu-00183-00087164-00087935 And I'm going to review an argument thats contained in there. And maybe expand on it a little bit because it allowes me
il1bDFojFsu-00184-00087970-00088352 to show what the essential differences between
il1bDFojFsu-00185-00088459-00089193 this old, so-called old, academic position and the stoic one that Cicero is trying to
il1bDFojFsu-00186-00089356-00089556 undermine.
il1bDFojFsu-00187-00089620-00090065 Now what we do is we start with an analysis of natural things.
il1bDFojFsu-00188-00090066-00090246 Of course in this age
il1bDFojFsu-00189-00090246-00091037 everybody is concerned about living in accordance with nature. Then, as now, the question is; what the hell do you mean
il1bDFojFsu-00190-00091087-00091287 by nature?
il1bDFojFsu-00191-00091585-00092220 There are certain natural things out there; plants are natural things, animals are natural things,
il1bDFojFsu-00192-00092278-00092461 humans are natural things.
il1bDFojFsu-00193-00092461-00092751 Gods are also natural things, but we can set those aside
il1bDFojFsu-00194-00092818-00093185 for now and ignore them. They are not essential to the moral.
il1bDFojFsu-00195-00093544-00094026 Now when we look at plants, what do we find? Well, what is it?
il1bDFojFsu-00196-00094026-00094502 How do we define something as being a plant? Well the first issue is that
il1bDFojFsu-00197-00094573-00094773 there seems to be a difference between
il1bDFojFsu-00198-00094798-00095394 certain kinds of bodies that are alive and certain kind of bodies that aren't alive. It looks like
il1bDFojFsu-00199-00095461-00095575 minerals,
il1bDFojFsu-00200-00095575-00096203 crystals, elements like earth, air, water, and fire and so forth are not
il1bDFojFsu-00201-00096262-00096503 themselves alive. But then we see other
il1bDFojFsu-00202-00096577-00096974 bodies that we do think are alive that we call
il1bDFojFsu-00203-00097075-00097314 plants. Why do we call them alive?
il1bDFojFsu-00204-00097314-00097991 Well, because they have certain capabilities that these lifeless bodies don't have. And those capabilities
il1bDFojFsu-00205-00098089-00098351 essentially come down to; they can use
il1bDFojFsu-00206-00098416-00099089 nutrition that is they can sustain themselves in their parts by taking in energy and
il1bDFojFsu-00207-00099160-00099387 nutriments from the environment.
il1bDFojFsu-00208-00099478-00099678 Like water,
il1bDFojFsu-00209-00099736-00100395 minerals from soil and so forth. And another thing they can do that these lifeless bodies can't is
il1bDFojFsu-00210-00100468-00101163 reproduce themselves so by means of budding or whatever it is. They can create other
il1bDFojFsu-00211-00101231-00101634 things of their kind through a process of
il1bDFojFsu-00212-00101717-00102052 reproduction and so those are the most basic
il1bDFojFsu-00213-00102143-00102343 vital
il1bDFojFsu-00214-00102425-00102786 capabilities and we can talk about plants actually
il1bDFojFsu-00215-00102824-00103567 having a psyche or a soul that is capable of nutrition or reproduction. And this is why we say they're
il1bDFojFsu-00216-00103582-00104010 animate, the term animate just means,  literally means, has a soul.
il1bDFojFsu-00217-00104095-00104520 Inanimate objects that aren't capable of nutrition and reproduction are
il1bDFojFsu-00218-00104618-00104988 inanimate or lifeless, that is without a soul. Yeah (student speak -
il1bDFojFsu-00219-00105233-00105640 Would something like microbial life without the other animals or plants)
il1bDFojFsu-00220-00105668-00106209 Well, does microbial life use nutrition? (student speak - they do.) Okay, do they reproduce?
il1bDFojFsu-00221-00106295-00106828 (student speak - They do) Okay, they are at least plants. Now, are they capable of sensation? (student speak)
il1bDFojFsu-00222-00107489-00107868 Well, do they have any form of sensation? Can they see, hear, smell, touch etc?
il1bDFojFsu-00223-00108317-00108491 (student speak) Ok, then they would be plants.
il1bDFojFsu-00224-00108491-00108586 (student speak - What they have motion)      Well, then they would be animals
il1bDFojFsu-00225-00108636-00109291 and they would be able to sense if thats true and I think the answer, the true answer as somebody
il1bDFojFsu-00226-00109291-00109674 in the back is is talking about) is yes, they can sense. That
il1bDFojFsu-00227-00109675-00110263 alter their environment they go towards temperature gradients and things like that. So they must be able to sense things.
il1bDFojFsu-00228-00110324-00110760 (student speak - But there are plants that will let grow towards the sunlight or something like that
il1bDFojFsu-00229-00110801-00111210 There's that kind of sensation) No, that counts as growth, which is a kind of nutrition.
il1bDFojFsu-00230-00111226-00111747 That's not self motion. They grow exactly as you just said; they grow in that direction.
il1bDFojFsu-00231-00111800-00112461 It's not that they move themselves like an animal does, like my path moves over into the Sun.
il1bDFojFsu-00232-00112472-00113205 My plant doesn't move over to the Sun it tends to have growth in the direction where there's sunlight because there's more
il1bDFojFsu-00233-00113242-00113420 nutrition coming in from that direction.
il1bDFojFsu-00234-00113420-00114103 But these are interesting cases and it's part of Aristotle's doctrine that this is actually
il1bDFojFsu-00235-00114167-00114792 continuous. This is a continuous scale and that there are things in between so there actually are
il1bDFojFsu-00236-00114883-00115383 animals, which he insists are animals, that are capable of sensation,
il1bDFojFsu-00237-00115383-00116004 but not self motion like; barnacles and things that are rooted to rocks and don't move themselves
il1bDFojFsu-00238-00116054-00116254 around in space, but nevertheless
il1bDFojFsu-00239-00116329-00116529 seem to
il1bDFojFsu-00240-00116554-00116964 be able to sense things in their environment. And then there are
il1bDFojFsu-00241-00117047-00117247 transitional things between
il1bDFojFsu-00242-00117248-00117448 animals and humans.
il1bDFojFsu-00243-00117473-00117727 Let me go back to
il1bDFojFsu-00244-00117784-00118264 the scale as I was elaborating it because all I've talked about so far is plants.
il1bDFojFsu-00245-00118283-00118798 When I talk about animals, I'm giving you other kinds of capabilities
il1bDFojFsu-00246-00118885-00119169 that animals have that plants
il1bDFojFsu-00247-00119236-00119392 generally
il1bDFojFsu-00248-00119392-00120135 do not have. Any being that is capable of sensation, according to Aristotle, is an animal.
il1bDFojFsu-00249-00120326-00121003 With one or two exceptions, he thinks that being capable of sensation, is also capable of self
il1bDFojFsu-00250-00121066-00121223 motion.
il1bDFojFsu-00251-00121223-00121403 He thinks
il1bDFojFsu-00252-00121403-00121804 nature would be doing something in vain if it was capable of self motion, but not
il1bDFojFsu-00253-00121844-00122395 sensation because then they'd just be running into walls and so forth all the time. You can move yourself around
il1bDFojFsu-00254-00122395-00122677 but you can't perceive where you're moving, that doesn't make a lot of sense.
il1bDFojFsu-00255-00122726-00123336 But also if you can sense things and so you can have pleasure and pain or a desire or
il1bDFojFsu-00256-00123383-00123834 aversion from something, but couldn't move yourself - that would also be problematic.
il1bDFojFsu-00257-00123910-00124110 Again, the
il1bDFojFsu-00258-00124141-00124569 doctrine of the continuity of natural kinds holds that there are
il1bDFojFsu-00259-00124633-00124944 intermediary species that have different capabilities.
il1bDFojFsu-00260-00125406-00125606 (student speak -  What seems like)
il1bDFojFsu-00261-00125708-00126199 Yes, but there isn't really much doubt that they are
il1bDFojFsu-00262-00126279-00126511 plants, but you might think that
il1bDFojFsu-00263-00126726-00126921 because they're not actually
il1bDFojFsu-00264-00126921-00127585 self moving there is some sort of chemical reaction happening when a fly lands on them or whatever.
il1bDFojFsu-00265-00127701-00127901 And that causes some
il1bDFojFsu-00266-00127908-00128171 change in some series of
il1bDFojFsu-00267-00128313-00128546 events that are there essentially automatic.
il1bDFojFsu-00268-00128546-00129136 It's not like a plant. Every time a fly lands on a Venus flytrap
il1bDFojFsu-00269-00129294-00129683 that has sufficient energy its things will close. It doesn't
il1bDFojFsu-00270-00129867-00130121 decide; do I think I want to do this or something like that.
il1bDFojFsu-00271-00130248-00130421 But that is a case
il1bDFojFsu-00272-00130421-00130708 that is I think that is actually a good example of the
il1bDFojFsu-00273-00130728-00131173 transition between them so we could have a debate about whether those are plants or
il1bDFojFsu-00274-00131253-00132022 animals. If we really could find creatures that we thought were turning towards the light even though they don't move, not
il1bDFojFsu-00275-00132023-00132452 merely growing towards them, then again that would be some sort of transition between
il1bDFojFsu-00276-00132540-00132740 plants and animals.
il1bDFojFsu-00277-00132774-00133127 Aristotle, more than anyone else, is interested in those
il1bDFojFsu-00278-00133170-00133825 transitional species and goes into enormous detail in his several biological works about them.
il1bDFojFsu-00279-00133860-00134557 They are more or less irrelevant to his moral theory however, so I won't myself go into details about
il1bDFojFsu-00280-00134631-00134906 spontaneously generated organisms and things like that.
il1bDFojFsu-00281-00135039-00135310 But the key thing about animals,
il1bDFojFsu-00282-00135369-00135649 a fairly uncontroversial point, is that they're capable of
il1bDFojFsu-00283-00135705-00135840 moving themselves
il1bDFojFsu-00284-00135840-00136537 around in space, and sensing things, and with this ability to sense comes an ability
il1bDFojFsu-00285-00136599-00136949 to feel pleasure and pain and
il1bDFojFsu-00286-00137037-00137235 has
il1bDFojFsu-00287-00137235-00138023 pursuit and avoidance behavior. Avoiding things that cause pain, pursuing things that cause pleasure.
il1bDFojFsu-00288-00138186-00138517 Now animals; these are capabilities
il1bDFojFsu-00289-00138621-00139177 definitive of animals, but animals also have these plant like capabilities.
il1bDFojFsu-00290-00139178-00139742 Animals of course can also use nutrition, and animals of course can also
il1bDFojFsu-00291-00139806-00140231 reproduce themselves, and in a way the basic
il1bDFojFsu-00292-00140340-00141092 form of all life is plant-like things and then we add various other capabilities on to get the other
il1bDFojFsu-00293-00141132-00141300 kinds.
il1bDFojFsu-00294-00141720-00141920 So we add to the
il1bDFojFsu-00295-00141948-00142582 animal capabilities of sensation and self motion in the case of humans have this ability to use language,
il1bDFojFsu-00296-00142662-00143306 reason, and to attain virtue. But humans are also of course capable of both
il1bDFojFsu-00297-00143361-00143968 sensation and self motion because I hate to break it to you, but - we're all animals as well.
il1bDFojFsu-00298-00143969-00144529 In fact ,according to the theory, we're all actually plants as well because again,
il1bDFojFsu-00299-00144546-00144872 we have the ability to use nutrition and
il1bDFojFsu-00300-00144996-00145196 reproduction.
il1bDFojFsu-00301-00145242-00145380 Question?
il1bDFojFsu-00302-00145380-00146123 (student speak - Is this when they're still referring to like I guess in a normal healthy state or like if you if an animal)
il1bDFojFsu-00303-00146126-00146669 He's referring to a normal healthy state. (student speak - So like if a human goes to a coma they'd still be a human, right?)
il1bDFojFsu-00304-00146669-00146750 Well, what do we call it
il1bDFojFsu-00305-00146750-00147545 when a human is incapable of reasoning, using language, sensation, or self motion? (student speak - vegetable?)
il1bDFojFsu-00306-00147702-00148244 Yes, unless all authority, we say a persistent vegetative state or something like that.
il1bDFojFsu-00307-00148425-00148694 Why do we do that are we just making fun of these people?
il1bDFojFsu-00308-00148758-00149401 No, it's because those are the exact capabilities that they still have.
il1bDFojFsu-00309-00149547-00149843 Humans in a persistent vegetative state have
il1bDFojFsu-00310-00149907-00150598 exactly, and only the capabilities that plants have. That is, they can still use nutrition if they're fed.
il1bDFojFsu-00311-00150750-00151043 And in theory they're capable of reproduction,
il1bDFojFsu-00312-00151116-00151360 but the main thing is nutrition.
il1bDFojFsu-00313-00151602-00152161 Similarly we could talk about humans becoming like animals if they give up their
il1bDFojFsu-00314-00152247-00152447 reason and
il1bDFojFsu-00315-00152523-00153101 they're totally incapable of reasoning. Then they could be living on a level like an animal.
il1bDFojFsu-00316-00153101-00153851 Maybe the example somebody else raised before about, wolves or whatever could be an example of that.
il1bDFojFsu-00317-00153954-00154592 Humans raised by wolves would essentially be animals if they weren't capable of any use of language, any reasoning, any
il1bDFojFsu-00318-00155661-00156038 focus, everything. They don't care about reason or virtue,
il1bDFojFsu-00319-00156038-00156595 all they care about is animal like capabilities of sensation and experiencing pleasure and pain.
il1bDFojFsu-00320-00156657-00157120 This is what Aristotle does is when Aristotle is trying to figure out what is
il1bDFojFsu-00321-00157137-00157541 is the unique function of a human? What is the human end?
il1bDFojFsu-00322-00157653-00158026 He says; well, it's not just nutrition and reproduction
il1bDFojFsu-00323-00158097-00158495 so by the way, if you think that the whole point of your life is having children or
il1bDFojFsu-00324-00158565-00158721 eating or
il1bDFojFsu-00325-00158721-00159068 bodybuilding or something like that, then you're even worse than these
il1bDFojFsu-00326-00159180-00159770 Cyrenaics who live like animals, are your sort of highest ideals or plant-like ideals, right?
il1bDFojFsu-00327-00159921-00160442 That's really a bad thing, but you could also have merely animal like ideals of:
il1bDFojFsu-00328-00160482-00161051 what do we call people who were devoted to that kind of life now - party animals?
il1bDFojFsu-00329-00161051-00161504 Why do we call them animals? Because they're living lives like animals, right?
il1bDFojFsu-00330-00161504-00162086 They're interested in food, drink, sex, and the kind of things readily available at parties
il1bDFojFsu-00331-00162160-00162298 and
il1bDFojFsu-00332-00162298-00162498 so
il1bDFojFsu-00333-00162508-00163013 Aristotle says; I can eliminate those capabilities. Ways of life focused on these
il1bDFojFsu-00334-00163053-00163322 capabilities do not give me the way of life
il1bDFojFsu-00335-00163384-00163967 appropriate to and specific to being a human, that must be something that uses reason.
il1bDFojFsu-00336-00164025-00164309 Because that's the capability that we
il1bDFojFsu-00337-00164470-00164670 uniquely have.
il1bDFojFsu-00338-00164758-00165033 Okay, but just as
il1bDFojFsu-00339-00165409-00165609 likewise, if someone's (student speak-
il1bDFojFsu-00340-00166590-00166790 We want to do is actually see
il1bDFojFsu-00341-00166822-00167351 Spectacles and learn about other cultures and admire their architecture and things like that)
il1bDFojFsu-00342-00167410-00167795 But if we're really traveling around the world to go to parties then yes,
il1bDFojFsu-00343-00167796-00168419 we're back talking about animals. If it's merely the motion and all they're doing is wanting to move,
il1bDFojFsu-00344-00168420-00168699 that's kind of like an animal, but I think I think that
il1bDFojFsu-00345-00168951-00169244 travelers have the use of reason.
il1bDFojFsu-00346-00169392-00169841 Some of them do - travelers to San Diego not so much travel.
il1bDFojFsu-00347-00170434-00171087 Here another thing I want to point out about this is that this gives us a completely objective scale of value.
il1bDFojFsu-00348-00171097-00171881 Okay, so we can go ask a scientist like a botanist, or a biologist, or even a gardener
il1bDFojFsu-00349-00171942-00172280 what is good for a plant.
il1bDFojFsu-00350-00172357-00172970 Okay, you wouldn't ask me this; like when I tried to do gardening, things wither and die on the vine.
il1bDFojFsu-00351-00172995-00173450 Okay, but my girlfriend is very good at it and she'll say things like; it needs more light,
il1bDFojFsu-00352-00173450-00174056 it needs less water, it needs to be planted in different soil and so forth. And we have
il1bDFojFsu-00353-00174135-00174437 scientific explanations and accounts of how all that works.
il1bDFojFsu-00354-00174507-00175000 Notice that it's not just ;hey, whatever plants make is good for them, is what's good for them.
il1bDFojFsu-00355-00175023-00175418 No, there's an objective fact of the matter about what's good for them
il1bDFojFsu-00356-00175418-00175687 and it's also not just what I think is good for plants.
il1bDFojFsu-00357-00175746-00176519 There's a fact related to the structure of nature about what's good for plants. And so when plants are flourishing,
il1bDFojFsu-00358-00176592-00177058 throwing out shoots and flowers, fruit, vine, and so forth is when we say they're in a good condition.
il1bDFojFsu-00359-00177063-00177326 Whereas when they're withering and dying on the vine,
il1bDFojFsu-00360-00177468-00177668 we say thats bad for them.
il1bDFojFsu-00361-00177705-00178249 Similarly with respect to animals. Animals capable of using their
il1bDFojFsu-00362-00178302-00178928 appropriate modes of sensation, capable of moving themselves around in space, we say you're doing well under those are good
il1bDFojFsu-00363-00178980-00179582 things for animals and them experiencing, on balance, more pleasure than pain. That's good
il1bDFojFsu-00364-00179610-00179936 for the animals and we can ask people like
il1bDFojFsu-00365-00180027-00180147 biologist,
il1bDFojFsu-00366-00180147-00180282 zoologist,
il1bDFojFsu-00367-00180282-00180766 Veterinarians, and so on about what's good for the cat or the dog.
il1bDFojFsu-00368-00180767-00181399 It's not whatever anybody happens to think  - it is up to some subjective notion of what's good for them.
il1bDFojFsu-00369-00181400-00182027 There is an objective fact according to nature about what is good for animals
il1bDFojFsu-00370-00182070-00182693 Now by an exactly parallel line of reasoning, we can determine what is objectively
il1bDFojFsu-00371-00182724-00183034 good for human beings and that is a
il1bDFojFsu-00372-00183099-00183299 use of
il1bDFojFsu-00373-00183447-00184040 reason, since that is our unique capability and it's no different in any of these cases.
il1bDFojFsu-00374-00184146-00184787 So it's not just whatever people happen to think is good is what's good or whatever some specific culture
il1bDFojFsu-00375-00184803-00185432 thinks is good is good. No, there's a fact about nature that tells us what's good for human
il1bDFojFsu-00376-00185484-00185604 beings.
il1bDFojFsu-00377-00185604-00186245 Exactly in parallel with animal and plants since we are again, animals and
il1bDFojFsu-00378-00186313-00186819 plants. And we have no doubt about the ability to objectively assess it in this case.
il1bDFojFsu-00379-00186844-00187391 We have doubts about it in the human case because of confusion and lack of study of nature.
il1bDFojFsu-00380-00187609-00187824 Now these
il1bDFojFsu-00381-00188023-00188625 Doing well with respect to your unique capabilities is really a crucial
il1bDFojFsu-00382-00188701-00189182 important thing for overall success and in the case of humans,
il1bDFojFsu-00383-00189241-00189626 everybody agrees using reason is crucial
il1bDFojFsu-00384-00189691-00189908 for their eudaimonia and
il1bDFojFsu-00385-00190063-00190225 Happiness.
il1bDFojFsu-00386-00190225-00190745 Everyone except Aristippus and other people who think we can live like animals and plants.
il1bDFojFsu-00387-00190852-00191002 But in
il1bDFojFsu-00388-00191002-00191116 the
il1bDFojFsu-00389-00191116-00191379 Aristotelian view, take the case of animals for example;
il1bDFojFsu-00390-00191431-00191747 it's not just if they're capable of sensation and self motion,
il1bDFojFsu-00391-00191748-00192366 they need their plant like capabilities to function. Well, if there's a problem
il1bDFojFsu-00392-00192418-00192689 with the animals ability to use nutrition,
il1bDFojFsu-00393-00192780-00193214 like its pancreas isn't able to produce enough insulin or something.
il1bDFojFsu-00394-00193249-00193508 Then that could be a big problem for that
il1bDFojFsu-00395-00193531-00194219 animal and we would say it's not doing well. Or in some cases if it's not capable of reproduction, it's not
il1bDFojFsu-00396-00194281-00194489 doing well. And so
il1bDFojFsu-00397-00194692-00195308 this is a nested hierarchy of capabilities, Everything higher on the hierarchy has all of the lower
il1bDFojFsu-00398-00195352-00195966 capabilities and the lower capabilities are still important for its flourishing.
il1bDFojFsu-00399-00196084-00196731 Similarly, reasons Aristotle, for a human being to be flourishing and successful it needs
il1bDFojFsu-00400-00196810-00196993 also, its
il1bDFojFsu-00401-00196993-00197193 animal and plant
il1bDFojFsu-00402-00197218-00197660 capabilities in a good condition. If a human has damaged
il1bDFojFsu-00403-00197788-00198485 sense organs or is unable to move itself around in space because of paralysis, much less if it's in a
il1bDFojFsu-00404-00198502-00199109 persistent vegetative state. I don't think anybody says of somebody in a persistent vegetative state;
il1bDFojFsu-00405-00199110-00199901 yes, he's in a persistent vegetative state, but he's still happy. He's still successful as a human being. No, we think thats a big
il1bDFojFsu-00406-00199986-00200186 bad problem, right?
il1bDFojFsu-00407-00200367-00201005 Also, if a human has a problem with their ability to use nutrition again, they
il1bDFojFsu-00408-00201058-00201650 can't produce insulin or something like that. And even in cases where there is difficulty with their
il1bDFojFsu-00409-00201721-00202311 reproduction we could say that that detracts from their happiness and overall success.
il1bDFojFsu-00410-00202311-00202856 And we do actually think these plant like and animal like capabilities are
il1bDFojFsu-00411-00202945-00203399 important to our overall estimation of whether they are happy and successful.
il1bDFojFsu-00412-00204789-00204989 Yes? (student speak)
il1bDFojFsu-00413-00205303-00205477 Yes, their ends.
il1bDFojFsu-00414-00205477-00205787 These capabilities
il1bDFojFsu-00415-00205884-00206246 determine what the ends for each of these are.Plants don't have
il1bDFojFsu-00416-00206292-00206801 sensation as an end, or use of reason as an end because they're not capable of that.
il1bDFojFsu-00417-00206859-00207476 What is it with respect to a plant that we say it's a successful thing, that's doing well and is in a good condition/
il1bDFojFsu-00418-00207512-00208073 Well, if it's throwing out shoots, and flowers fructifying, and growing,
il1bDFojFsu-00419-00208150-00208290 nutrition, and
il1bDFojFsu-00420-00208290-00208730 reproducing in the way a plant does, then we say
il1bDFojFsu-00421-00208812-00209405 that that plant has got its goods and is successful as a member of its kind.
il1bDFojFsu-00422-00209671-00210323 With respect to animals, if they have those plant like capabilities in good shape, and they
il1bDFojFsu-00423-00210379-00210534 exercise these
il1bDFojFsu-00424-00210534-00211295 specifically animal capabilities. If my cat is happy and it's running around, and it's pursuing imaginary mice, it's
il1bDFojFsu-00425-00211558-00211642 enjoying
il1bDFojFsu-00426-00211642-00212130 pleasure and so forth then it's good. If it's not able to do that is a problem
il1bDFojFsu-00427-00212131-00212309 and we need to take it to the
il1bDFojFsu-00428-00212309-00212498 veterinarian - then
il1bDFojFsu-00429-00212498-00213007 we say it's not really reaching its ends. It's not living a good life. There's something wrong.
il1bDFojFsu-00430-00213089-00213495 And exactly the same for humans.
il1bDFojFsu-00431-00214073-00214470 These are our unique ends and if we're not achieving
il1bDFojFsu-00432-00214535-00215229 things related to these, then we're not achieving our highest ends, but these other things are ends for us.
il1bDFojFsu-00433-00215333-00215515 Remember we can have subordinate ends,
il1bDFojFsu-00434-00215515-00216222 we can have instrumental ends, and in a way Aristotle would describe nutrition, reproduction, sensation, and self motion, as
il1bDFojFsu-00435-00216319-00216927 instrumental ends towards our overall ultimate end of reason and intellectual activities.
il1bDFojFsu-00436-00218183-00218454 Well, it's not clear what Cicero's
il1bDFojFsu-00437-00218516-00219069 position is and this is the point I need to end on because I have to do something else, but essentially,
il1bDFojFsu-00438-00219152-00219290 the way
il1bDFojFsu-00439-00219290-00220050 Cicero characterizes the debate is it comes down to this issue of whether this view is correct that we need
il1bDFojFsu-00440-00220079-00220717 these lower level capabilities to be good, in order to say that we're successful and happy. Or whether
il1bDFojFsu-00441-00220751-00220974 we can say, with the Stoics,
il1bDFojFsu-00442-00221009-00221592 that those lower level things aren't even goods and they aren't crucial to our happiness.
il1bDFojFsu-00443-00221592-00222252 All that matters is exercising our reason so as to live in accordance with nature as we see it and
il1bDFojFsu-00444-00222287-00222660 so be successful. This is why Cicero frequently complains;
il1bDFojFsu-00445-00222667-00222717 well,
il1bDFojFsu-00446-00222717-00223095 what happened to the rest of nature and why are you reducing nature just to
il1bDFojFsu-00447-00223136-00223794 reason and not just to what specific about humans, when we clearly do have these other
il1bDFojFsu-00448-00223835-00224311 capabilities. For him, the debate comes down to the reasonableness of that position.
il1bDFojFsu-00449-00224373-00224880 Now the Stoics have lots of arguments. For example, if you start bringing these things in as goods,
il1bDFojFsu-00450-00224961-00225746 then we would be able to say that people are happy. That our 'party animals' just are happy people in persistent vegetative
il1bDFojFsu-00451-00225746-00225942 states. If they have enough of those goods
il1bDFojFsu-00452-00225942-00226176 then they're happy even if they aren't
il1bDFojFsu-00453-00226219-00226902 exercising these other ones. Or they're exercising them a little because once you admit these other things as goods and
il1bDFojFsu-00454-00226923-00227331 they can count towards our happiness and something other than virtue you can count towards happiness. Then
il1bDFojFsu-00455-00227401-00227933 somebody who is perfectly virtuous but lack, these other kinds of goods will be said to be
il1bDFojFsu-00456-00228028-00228389 less happy than somebody who's just really
il1bDFojFsu-00457-00228432-00228989 successful with respect to these - but not the other kinds of ends. Now that's how Cicero
il1bDFojFsu-00458-00229081-00229397 sets up the debate. How does he resolve it?
il1bDFojFsu-00459-00229429-00229868 Well, that's a bit of a trick question because it's not clear that he resolves it.
il1bDFojFsu-00460-00230023-00230182 As an academic
il1bDFojFsu-00461-00230182-00230290 skeptic
il1bDFojFsu-00462-00230290-00230819 essentially, what he is aiming to show is that neither of these views are
il1bDFojFsu-00463-00230881-00231341 definitive. We don't actually have the resolution of whether we need to count these other
il1bDFojFsu-00464-00231396-00231596 objects that the Stoics call;
il1bDFojFsu-00465-00231648-00232145 indifference preferred, or promoted indifference. Whether we should call them goods or not.
il1bDFojFsu-00466-00232236-00232688 And so one way to think about the end of the book is that it is that it ends in
il1bDFojFsu-00467-00232798-00232944 suspension of
il1bDFojFsu-00468-00232944-00233144 judgment and essentially in
il1bDFojFsu-00469-00233256-00233747 a skeptical result. Another way to look at it is that
il1bDFojFsu-00470-00233878-00234263 Academic skepticism, while admitting that we can't know about this,
il1bDFojFsu-00471-00234391-00234981 says that we still need to be able to act on the basis of what seems to us to be most true,
il1bDFojFsu-00472-00234991-00235191 even if we don't have knowledge about it.
il1bDFojFsu-00473-00235191-00235944 It seems that Cicero thinks that the arguments of the old Academy and these arguments have been laying out and
il1bDFojFsu-00474-00235966-00236309 attributing to Aristotle are actually more persuasive than the Stoic
il1bDFojFsu-00475-00236373-00236867 doctrine. He thinks that the Stoics essentially have the same system as
il1bDFojFsu-00476-00236934-00237134 Aristotle in the old Academy,
il1bDFojFsu-00477-00237139-00237750 but they've just made some terminological changes about what we can call goods or what we call indifference that
il1bDFojFsu-00478-00237841-00238287 nobody believes, nobody agrees with, and that don't add anything to the system.
il1bDFojFsu-00479-00238287-00239054 And if that's true, then the result is basically that though we can't say we have absolute knowledge about this, we have got
il1bDFojFsu-00480-00239317-00240114 probabilistic reasons to think that this is the most likely true story. And so we can orient and live our lives
il1bDFojFsu-00481-00240151-00240564 according to this old Academic, Aristotelian, Peripatetic
il1bDFojFsu-00482-00240634-00240834 conception.
imuMk06CmE4-00000-00000200-00000400 Now it’s your turn.
inPe4wT5gSA-00000-00000012-00000095 - Hi, everyone,
inPe4wT5gSA-00001-00000095-00000447 and welcome to today's State of the Consumer webinar:
inPe4wT5gSA-00002-00000447-00000699 The Future of Retail is Phygital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00003-00000797-00001200 And for those who don't know me yet, I am Katie Gross,
inPe4wT5gSA-00004-00001200-00001551 the chief Customer Officer here at Suzy.
inPe4wT5gSA-00005-00001551-00001830 Suzy is an end-to-end consumer insights platform
inPe4wT5gSA-00006-00001830-00002115 that combines quant, qual, and high quality audiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00007-00002115-00002346 into a single connected research cloud.
inPe4wT5gSA-00008-00002463-00002685 So I'm gonna spend the beginning of today's program
inPe4wT5gSA-00009-00002685-00002979 taking you through all of the results and lessons learned
inPe4wT5gSA-00010-00002979-00003279 from a consumer study that we conducted on March the 10th.
inPe4wT5gSA-00011-00003417-00003629 And after we review the stats,
inPe4wT5gSA-00012-00003629-00003870 we're gonna be joined by two very special guests,
inPe4wT5gSA-00013-00003870-00004236 Webb Knudsen, CEO and founder of Playper,
inPe4wT5gSA-00014-00004236-00004668 and James Melucci, director of Insights at Beam Suntory.
inPe4wT5gSA-00015-00004668-00004869 They both shared some amazing insights
inPe4wT5gSA-00016-00004869-00005013 during our prep session,
inPe4wT5gSA-00017-00005013-00005190 so you do not wanna miss out on the conversation
inPe4wT5gSA-00018-00005190-00005390 we're gonna have at the end of the hour.
inPe4wT5gSA-00019-00005526-00005856 So let's jump right into our topic today.
inPe4wT5gSA-00020-00005856-00006120 We're gonna be talking about phygital retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00021-00006120-00006282 which is something I'll confess,
inPe4wT5gSA-00022-00006282-00006509 I didn't know existed until recently,
inPe4wT5gSA-00023-00006509-00006723 and I'm now very familiar,
inPe4wT5gSA-00024-00006723-00006933 and of course I now keep, of course, seeing articles
inPe4wT5gSA-00025-00006933-00007137 about how retail is embracing the new
inPe4wT5gSA-00026-00007137-00007428 kind of phygital experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00027-00007428-00007533 So what does it mean?
inPe4wT5gSA-00028-00007644-00007947 Phygital is quite literally an amalgamation of the words
inPe4wT5gSA-00029-00007947-00008205 physical and digital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00030-00008205-00008373 And we have a great quote from Storefront
inPe4wT5gSA-00031-00008373-00008499 that really sums this up.
inPe4wT5gSA-00032-00008626-00008802 Phygital retail is the latest buzzword
inPe4wT5gSA-00033-00008802-00009066 for the strategies and tactics retailers use
inPe4wT5gSA-00034-00009066-00009234 to engage with their customers.
inPe4wT5gSA-00035-00009357-00009714 Phygital is a portmanteau of physical and digital,
inPe4wT5gSA-00036-00009714-00009939 and it represents the merging of the physical
inPe4wT5gSA-00037-00009939-00010071 with the digital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00038-00010185-00010308 And for today's webinar,
inPe4wT5gSA-00039-00010308-00010467 we're gonna look at this combination
inPe4wT5gSA-00040-00010467-00010713 of both that physical and digital space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00041-00010806-00011100 So first, we're gonna look at consumer trends
inPe4wT5gSA-00042-00011100-00011394 and habits around physical retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00043-00011394-00011694 And next up we'll do the same for digital retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00044-00011694-00011907 And then finally, we're gonna merge those two
inPe4wT5gSA-00045-00011907-00012249 to answer the question of how brands should be approaching
inPe4wT5gSA-00046-00012249-00012369 phygital retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00047-00012477-00012777 All right, let's start with physical retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00048-00012777-00013083 So our insight here is that for consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00049-00013083-00013449 physical retail is all about the experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00050-00013449-00013707 In fact, a lot of retailers are turning their attention
inPe4wT5gSA-00051-00013707-00013922 back to physical stores.
inPe4wT5gSA-00052-00013922-00014184 The example we have on screen shows that companies like
inPe4wT5gSA-00053-00014184-00014460 Canada Goose and North Face are even saying
inPe4wT5gSA-00054-00014460-00014760 that physical retail has never been more important.
inPe4wT5gSA-00055-00014859-00015063 And looking deeper into this example,
inPe4wT5gSA-00056-00015063-00015294 they went on to say that companies focused
inPe4wT5gSA-00057-00015294-00015480 so much on digital experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00058-00015480-00015657 that the physical retail stores
inPe4wT5gSA-00059-00015657-00015866 were kind of neglected for a while,
inPe4wT5gSA-00060-00015866-00016152 but that the in-store experience is now just as important
inPe4wT5gSA-00061-00016152-00016272 as it ever has been.
inPe4wT5gSA-00062-00016389-00016734 And it's important to focus on physical stores
inPe4wT5gSA-00063-00016734-00016944 because people like shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00064-00016944-00017157 58% of consumers that we polled
inPe4wT5gSA-00065-00017157-00017451 said that they greatly enjoy shopping in-person.
inPe4wT5gSA-00066-00017545-00017754 And if push came to shove,
inPe4wT5gSA-00067-00017754-00018222 62% said they'd only shop in-person if given the choice
inPe4wT5gSA-00068-00018222-00018426 between physical and digital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00069-00018576-00018849 In fact, people said they prefer shopping in store
inPe4wT5gSA-00070-00018849-00019155 across the board in multiple categories.
inPe4wT5gSA-00071-00019155-00019554 People prefer shopping in-person for clothes, shoes,
inPe4wT5gSA-00072-00019554-00019920 accessories, pet supplies, home decor,
inPe4wT5gSA-00073-00019920-00020253 personal favorite of mine, home improvement, cosmetics,
inPe4wT5gSA-00074-00020253-00020484 toiletries, and groceries.
inPe4wT5gSA-00075-00020484-00020697 In fact, the only category where people prefer
inPe4wT5gSA-00076-00020697-00020997 online shopping is for consumer electronics.
inPe4wT5gSA-00077-00020997-00021374 And even that was 50/50.
inPe4wT5gSA-00078-00021374-00021567 And the top three categories where they most prefer
inPe4wT5gSA-00079-00021567-00021966 shopping in store are groceries at 79%,
inPe4wT5gSA-00080-00021966-00022466 clothing at 75%, and shoes at 71%.
inPe4wT5gSA-00081-00022506-00022818 Now keeping in mind these three categories in particular,
inPe4wT5gSA-00082-00022818-00023007 this preference makes a lot of sense
inPe4wT5gSA-00083-00023007-00023205 when we look at the top three reasons
inPe4wT5gSA-00084-00023205-00023472 why people prefer in-person shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00085-00023652-00024069 Which of course is touching the products,
inPe4wT5gSA-00086-00024069-00024330 trying them on, and leaving the house.
inPe4wT5gSA-00087-00024426-00024561 This is particularly interesting
inPe4wT5gSA-00088-00024561-00024876 because the desire to touch and try on the products
inPe4wT5gSA-00089-00024876-00025047 is nothing new.
inPe4wT5gSA-00090-00025047-00025236 People have always wanted to be able to
inPe4wT5gSA-00091-00025236-00025449 try on clothing and shoes,
inPe4wT5gSA-00092-00025449-00025779 or pick the best fruits and vegetables at the grocery store.
inPe4wT5gSA-00093-00025863-00026082 But what the third point is showing however,
inPe4wT5gSA-00094-00026082-00026283 is that people are thinking about shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00095-00026283-00026538 as an entertainment activity.
inPe4wT5gSA-00096-00026538-00026708 And this is interesting to note,
inPe4wT5gSA-00097-00026708-00027036 that we think about phys, sorry, physical retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00098-00027036-00027402 because we're seeing a rise in things like virtual try-ons
inPe4wT5gSA-00099-00027402-00027576 and similar products.
inPe4wT5gSA-00100-00027576-00027843 But we are also seeing a resistance to this.
inPe4wT5gSA-00101-00027843-00028188 People still want to experience in-person shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00102-00028188-00028482 in a way that might not be able to be replicated online.
inPe4wT5gSA-00103-00028569-00028836 And people do just want to get out of their houses
inPe4wT5gSA-00104-00028836-00029049 and go shopping for a few hours.
inPe4wT5gSA-00105-00029049-00029376 Really reminds me of the classic 90s movie Mall Rats.
inPe4wT5gSA-00106-00029376-00029556 Hanging out in the mall is just fun.
inPe4wT5gSA-00107-00029679-00030102 So we're all craving fun, in-person experiences.
inPe4wT5gSA-00108-00030102-00030342 And this is even more prevalent since COVID
inPe4wT5gSA-00109-00030342-00030545 when people were really missing these experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00110-00030545-00030729 and really craving these
inPe4wT5gSA-00111-00030729-00031014 and that kind of very physical element of retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00112-00031143-00031329 And this is something that's true across the board
inPe4wT5gSA-00113-00031329-00031514 for all demographics,
inPe4wT5gSA-00114-00031514-00031743 but it's especially pertinent to Gen Z.
inPe4wT5gSA-00115-00031743-00031917 Now, this is a interesting thread.
inPe4wT5gSA-00116-00031917-00032130 As you may have seen kind of come up
inPe4wT5gSA-00117-00032130-00032463 in some of our other recent state of the consumer webinars,
inPe4wT5gSA-00118-00032463-00032637 we seem to associate online shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00119-00032637-00032787 with that younger demographic,
inPe4wT5gSA-00120-00032787-00033081 and in-person shopping to skew a bit older,
inPe4wT5gSA-00121-00033081-00033255 but it's actually the Gen Z audience
inPe4wT5gSA-00122-00033255-00033645 that are really craving that real life interaction.
inPe4wT5gSA-00123-00033645-00033912 They lost so much of their youth to the pandemic,
inPe4wT5gSA-00124-00033912-00034350 that this generation is now less interested in being online
inPe4wT5gSA-00125-00034350-00034548 and more interested in being in-person
inPe4wT5gSA-00126-00034548-00034779 and having human interaction.
inPe4wT5gSA-00127-00034779-00034959 And we've included a really great quote
inPe4wT5gSA-00128-00034959-00035259 on this subject matter from The Drum.
inPe4wT5gSA-00129-00035259-00035562 "It's ironic that while we had previously all been craving
inPe4wT5gSA-00130-00035562-00035790 human interaction during lockdown,
inPe4wT5gSA-00131-00035790-00036099 many companies are hoping to replace such experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00132-00036099-00036330 with a kind of false sense of reality."
inPe4wT5gSA-00133-00036330-00036498 But it's so important to bear in mind
inPe4wT5gSA-00134-00036498-00036912 that as we talk about our digital retail future,
inPe4wT5gSA-00135-00036912-00037134 that we don't want to just start adding technology
inPe4wT5gSA-00136-00037134-00037284 for technology's sake,
inPe4wT5gSA-00137-00037284-00037596 and that they should have purpose and intent behind them.
inPe4wT5gSA-00138-00037775-00037858 But that being said,
inPe4wT5gSA-00139-00037858-00038136 there are of course some downsides to in-person shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00140-00038136-00038391 And the three things that our consumers said
inPe4wT5gSA-00141-00038391-00038667 about why they didn't like about in-person shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00142-00038667-00038811 were three things.
inPe4wT5gSA-00143-00038811-00038955 It's time consuming.
inPe4wT5gSA-00144-00038955-00039213 There are too many other people around.
inPe4wT5gSA-00145-00039213-00039474 I'm in Times Square as we speak, so I hear that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00146-00039474-00039723 And it's not as convenient as online shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00147-00039840-00040233 So to wrap up this section, the high of physical retail
inPe4wT5gSA-00148-00040233-00040482 is that it's a more enjoyable experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00149-00040482-00040761 but the low is that it comes with added time
inPe4wT5gSA-00150-00040761-00040881 and added hassle.
inPe4wT5gSA-00151-00041019-00041519 So moving on to our next section, digital retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00152-00041535-00041946 And the insight for this section is that for consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00153-00041946-00042234 digital retail is all about ease.
inPe4wT5gSA-00154-00042234-00042507 So while physical retail is all about the experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00155-00042507-00042726 digital retail is there for the efficiency.
inPe4wT5gSA-00156-00042837-00042966 And it should go without saying
inPe4wT5gSA-00157-00042966-00043308 that just because consumers prefer shopping in-person,
inPe4wT5gSA-00158-00043308-00043557 that doesn't mean they hate online shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00159-00043557-00043971 And actually 50% of consumers said they greatly enjoy
inPe4wT5gSA-00160-00043971-00044145 online shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00161-00044145-00044442 And it doesn't look like they're gonna stop any time soon.
inPe4wT5gSA-00162-00044553-00044817 As e-commerce continues to grow and grow,
inPe4wT5gSA-00163-00044817-00045237 so the interesting insight here is that even though
inPe4wT5gSA-00164-00045237-00045463 physical retail is all about, sorry,
inPe4wT5gSA-00165-00045463-00045681 phygital retail is all about the merging
inPe4wT5gSA-00166-00045681-00045876 of the physical with the digital,
inPe4wT5gSA-00167-00045876-00046128 we are seeing that there's clearly room for these two worlds
inPe4wT5gSA-00168-00046128-00046500 to coexist independently alongside each other
inPe4wT5gSA-00169-00046500-00046602 as well as together.
inPe4wT5gSA-00170-00046758-00046974 And when it comes to online shopping,
inPe4wT5gSA-00171-00046974-00047271 the top three things that people like about it
inPe4wT5gSA-00172-00047271-00047469 are that it's convenient.
inPe4wT5gSA-00173-00047469-00047736 It can save, you can save items into your cart
inPe4wT5gSA-00174-00047736-00047874 and into your wishlist,
inPe4wT5gSA-00175-00047874-00048057 which is a personal favorite hobby of mine.
inPe4wT5gSA-00176-00048057-00048375 I have about 500 things on my Amazon basket.
inPe4wT5gSA-00177-00048375-00048636 And it's easier to browse product selections.
inPe4wT5gSA-00178-00048765-00049131 And that kind of ease translates as freedom and flexibility
inPe4wT5gSA-00179-00049131-00049539 for online shoppers, especially when it comes to browsing.
inPe4wT5gSA-00180-00049539-00049776 It's so interesting that the second biggest thing
inPe4wT5gSA-00181-00049776-00049920 that people like about online shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00182-00049920-00050169 is that ability to save items into the cart
inPe4wT5gSA-00183-00050169-00050358 or into the wishlist.
inPe4wT5gSA-00184-00050358-00050634 And we believe it's because it offers that freedom.
inPe4wT5gSA-00185-00050634-00050877 If you're in-person, and you'd like something,
inPe4wT5gSA-00186-00050877-00051114 but you are not quite sure you wanna buy it,
inPe4wT5gSA-00187-00051114-00051303 or maybe you need to save up for it,
inPe4wT5gSA-00188-00051303-00051564 you have to actually make your kind of purchase decision
inPe4wT5gSA-00189-00051564-00051704 in the moment.
inPe4wT5gSA-00190-00051704-00051879 Which when you're online shopping,
inPe4wT5gSA-00191-00051879-00052158 it allows you to have that freedom to save it,
inPe4wT5gSA-00192-00052158-00052413 to think about it, to take some time,
inPe4wT5gSA-00193-00052413-00052614 and maybe even save up the money for it.
inPe4wT5gSA-00194-00052614-00052967 So that ease is giving people that sense of freedom,
inPe4wT5gSA-00195-00052967-00053172 which is that kind of really emotional benefit
inPe4wT5gSA-00196-00053172-00053280 of online shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00197-00053448-00053664 However, of course there are also downsides
inPe4wT5gSA-00198-00053664-00053988 to online shopping, which are paying for shipping,
inPe4wT5gSA-00199-00053988-00054225 not being able to try things or touch things,
inPe4wT5gSA-00200-00054225-00054396 and having to wait for delivery.
inPe4wT5gSA-00201-00054519-00054762 So essentially with digital retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00202-00054762-00055038 it's easier to browse and find what you want,
inPe4wT5gSA-00203-00055038-00055179 but once you found what you want,
inPe4wT5gSA-00204-00055179-00055344 it's a lot harder to actually get the product
inPe4wT5gSA-00205-00055344-00055592 and get it into your hands fast.
inPe4wT5gSA-00206-00055592-00055836 Which of course brings us to section three.
inPe4wT5gSA-00207-00055836-00056109 How should brands be approaching phygital retail?
inPe4wT5gSA-00208-00056220-00056455 Now, there isn't really one size fits all approach here
inPe4wT5gSA-00209-00056455-00056715 to the practice of phygital retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00210-00056715-00056891 And despite all of the discourse
inPe4wT5gSA-00211-00056891-00057039 that we're seeing around this
inPe4wT5gSA-00212-00057039-00057507 with buzzwords like hybrid, and convergence, and blending,
inPe4wT5gSA-00213-00057507-00057702 that are making it seem like phygital
inPe4wT5gSA-00214-00057702-00057897 is quite literally diffusing together
inPe4wT5gSA-00215-00057897-00058128 of these two shopping methods.
inPe4wT5gSA-00216-00058128-00058491 But actually, brands should really think of phygital retail
inPe4wT5gSA-00217-00058491-00058845 as simply the blending of physical and digital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00218-00058938-00059022 Because actually,
inPe4wT5gSA-00219-00059022-00059283 as we have seen from the previous two sections,
inPe4wT5gSA-00220-00059283-00059529 consumers view physical and digital
inPe4wT5gSA-00221-00059529-00059754 as two distinct ways of shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00222-00059754-00060051 They'll satisfy two very different needs.
inPe4wT5gSA-00223-00060051-00060380 So our first insight here is that physical retail
inPe4wT5gSA-00224-00060380-00060530 is all about the experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00225-00060530-00060842 Digital retail is all about the ease.
inPe4wT5gSA-00226-00060842-00061266 So therefore, to truly win at phygital retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00227-00061266-00061470 what brands need to do is focus on addressing
inPe4wT5gSA-00228-00061470-00061713 the consumer needs and pain points
inPe4wT5gSA-00229-00061713-00061839 as opposed to simply just
inPe4wT5gSA-00230-00061839-00062052 merging these two channels into one.
inPe4wT5gSA-00231-00062139-00062366 It's not enough just to stick some iPads,
inPe4wT5gSA-00232-00062366-00062652 and some digital kiosks into a physical store,
inPe4wT5gSA-00233-00062652-00062940 and say, "Hey, we've done some phygital retail here,"
inPe4wT5gSA-00234-00062940-00063195 because that's really not what consumers are after.
inPe4wT5gSA-00235-00063312-00063564 So how can phygital retail address those pain points
inPe4wT5gSA-00236-00063564-00063789 of both the physical and the digital
inPe4wT5gSA-00237-00063789-00064029 to create its own niche?
inPe4wT5gSA-00238-00064029-00064323 So if we refresh our memory of physical retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00239-00064323-00064437 we can see that it gives you
inPe4wT5gSA-00240-00064437-00064611 a much more enjoyable experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00241-00064611-00064878 but comes with that added time and hassle.
inPe4wT5gSA-00242-00064878-00065196 And so the role of phygital retail here
inPe4wT5gSA-00243-00065196-00065436 is that brands can be leveraging phygital retail
inPe4wT5gSA-00244-00065436-00065712 to curate exciting shopping experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00245-00065712-00065904 that consumers are going to want to spend
inPe4wT5gSA-00246-00065904-00066078 that extra time on.
inPe4wT5gSA-00247-00066191-00066477 And we have a great quote in support of this on screen.
inPe4wT5gSA-00248-00066477-00066747 Instead of functioning as a real life version
inPe4wT5gSA-00249-00066747-00066924 of the online store,
inPe4wT5gSA-00250-00066924-00067152 brick and mortar locations seem to be switching
inPe4wT5gSA-00251-00067152-00067458 towards offering very unique shopping experiences.
inPe4wT5gSA-00252-00067554-00067734 So let's get into examples.
inPe4wT5gSA-00253-00067734-00068100 A great example here is Nike's House of Innovation.
inPe4wT5gSA-00254-00068100-00068490 They have locations in New York, Paris, and Shanghai.
inPe4wT5gSA-00255-00068490-00068796 And these stores have loads of digital elements
inPe4wT5gSA-00256-00068796-00069045 that really enhance the shopping experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00257-00069045-00069511 and exist to improve and lengthen that shopper experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00258-00069511-00069816 There's gamification, there's a kid zone,
inPe4wT5gSA-00259-00069816-00070206 a machine learning bra fitting area, and more,
inPe4wT5gSA-00260-00070206-00070521 to really make this an exciting in-person experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00261-00070521-00070728 that has a digital feel to it.
inPe4wT5gSA-00262-00070866-00071139 And another example comes from Inky List,
inPe4wT5gSA-00263-00071139-00071322 which is a beauty retailer.
inPe4wT5gSA-00264-00071322-00071559 Similarly, they created this gamified
inPe4wT5gSA-00265-00071559-00071769 product discovery popup.
inPe4wT5gSA-00266-00071769-00071892 And it's really interesting
inPe4wT5gSA-00267-00071892-00072168 because they're actually a digital first D two C brand.
inPe4wT5gSA-00268-00072168-00072471 So while they don't typically have physical stores,
inPe4wT5gSA-00269-00072471-00072813 once in a while they create these popups to give people
inPe4wT5gSA-00270-00072813-00073062 that chance to have a physical experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00271-00073062-00073378 while still leveraging digital elements like gamification
inPe4wT5gSA-00272-00073485-00073617 and the ability to scan QR codes
inPe4wT5gSA-00273-00073617-00073857 to help them find those products.
inPe4wT5gSA-00274-00073857-00074091 I just saw one recently this morning actually in the news
inPe4wT5gSA-00275-00074091-00074241 from Clinique as well,
inPe4wT5gSA-00276-00074241-00074517 bringing that digital experience into a physical store
inPe4wT5gSA-00277-00074517-00074895 to really elevate that experience and elevate that time.
inPe4wT5gSA-00278-00075099-00075441 So let's quickly refresh our memory on digital retail.
inPe4wT5gSA-00279-00075441-00075714 So while it's easier to browse and find what you want,
inPe4wT5gSA-00280-00075714-00076071 it's harder to physically get that product into your hands.
inPe4wT5gSA-00281-00076071-00076304 So therefore, the role of phygital here
inPe4wT5gSA-00282-00076304-00076647 is to bridge that gap between physical and digital
inPe4wT5gSA-00283-00076647-00076878 and make that transition from online shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00284-00076878-00077262 to in the hands as seamless and simple as possible.
inPe4wT5gSA-00285-00077262-00077511 Because we saw in the section two,
inPe4wT5gSA-00286-00077511-00077766 a lot of digital consumer pain points were centered around
inPe4wT5gSA-00287-00077766-00078012 having to pay for that delivery, waiting for items,
inPe4wT5gSA-00288-00078012-00078202 not being able to try them, and so on.
inPe4wT5gSA-00289-00078344-00078678 So a great example of this is drone delivery,
inPe4wT5gSA-00290-00078678-00078942 which is really gaining popularity at the moment.
inPe4wT5gSA-00291-00078942-00079242 And delivery times are now as fast as
inPe4wT5gSA-00292-00079242-00079551 two minutes of placing the order.
inPe4wT5gSA-00293-00079551-00079791 We've seen online everything from toothbrushes
inPe4wT5gSA-00294-00079791-00079998 to lunch orders.
inPe4wT5gSA-00295-00079998-00080199 And this can be real game changer for those products
inPe4wT5gSA-00296-00080199-00080511 that consumers want to browse online and shop around for,
inPe4wT5gSA-00297-00080511-00080700 but once they're ready for that item,
inPe4wT5gSA-00298-00080700-00080976 they can really have it in their hands within minutes.
inPe4wT5gSA-00299-00080976-00081255 It's an incredible use of digital technology,
inPe4wT5gSA-00300-00081255-00081558 and really enhances digital experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00301-00081558-00081810 I would definitely recommend seeking out this Digg article
inPe4wT5gSA-00302-00081810-00082116 because those drones are definitely not those huge,
inPe4wT5gSA-00303-00082116-00082422 dangerous swirly objects anymore.
inPe4wT5gSA-00304-00082422-00082642 That technology has really, really advanced.
inPe4wT5gSA-00305-00082850-00082934 And of course I'm British,
inPe4wT5gSA-00306-00082934-00083184 so I have to give a shout out to the UK brand
inPe4wT5gSA-00307-00083184-00083472 called Superdrug, personal favorite of mine.
inPe4wT5gSA-00308-00083472-00083793 They now offer a 30-minute click and collect service
inPe4wT5gSA-00309-00083793-00083997 in all 800 of their stores.
inPe4wT5gSA-00310-00084098-00084261 And I love this example because it just shows
inPe4wT5gSA-00311-00084261-00084627 that digital retail doesn't have to be all about high tech.
inPe4wT5gSA-00312-00084627-00084837 And yes, the drone is a cool example,
inPe4wT5gSA-00313-00084837-00085038 but it can just be about blending physical
inPe4wT5gSA-00314-00085038-00085221 and digital experiences.
inPe4wT5gSA-00315-00085221-00085491 You can order, pay online for that convenience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00316-00085491-00085671 and then pick up the items on the same day
inPe4wT5gSA-00317-00085671-00085818 within 30 minutes,
inPe4wT5gSA-00318-00085818-00086053 and get in and out of that store super quickly.
inPe4wT5gSA-00319-00086169-00086565 And one last interesting example of this is Footlocker.
inPe4wT5gSA-00320-00086565-00086718 So there've been many headlines recently
inPe4wT5gSA-00321-00086718-00086991 about their plans to close 400 stores,
inPe4wT5gSA-00322-00086991-00087135 but if you click into those headlines,
inPe4wT5gSA-00323-00087135-00087366 what you'll actually see is that their plans
inPe4wT5gSA-00324-00087366-00087636 are part of a new initiative that's really gonna focus on
inPe4wT5gSA-00325-00087636-00088038 opening new stores and focus on the community.
inPe4wT5gSA-00326-00088038-00088278 Many, many House of Play concepts
inPe4wT5gSA-00327-00088278-00088464 and specialty stores that really appeal
inPe4wT5gSA-00328-00088464-00088641 to that sneaker community.
inPe4wT5gSA-00329-00088869-00089229 So in summary, we know that the physical retail
inPe4wT5gSA-00330-00089229-00089415 is all about the experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00331-00089415-00089667 and digital retail is all about ease,
inPe4wT5gSA-00332-00089667-00089940 but there's really no one size fits all approach.
inPe4wT5gSA-00333-00089940-00090189 And to truly win at phygital retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00334-00090189-00090432 brands need to focus on a lot more than
inPe4wT5gSA-00335-00090432-00090681 addressing consumer needs and pain points
inPe4wT5gSA-00336-00090681-00090961 as opposed to just simply merging two channels together.
inPe4wT5gSA-00337-00091080-00091350 And when we look at the highs and lows of physical retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00338-00091350-00091532 we know that it offers a great experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00339-00091532-00091728 but it does take more time.
inPe4wT5gSA-00340-00091728-00091986 So again, what phygital retail are here to do
inPe4wT5gSA-00341-00091986-00092196 is to leverage these kinds of digital elements
inPe4wT5gSA-00342-00092196-00092445 in a physical environment to curate fun,
inPe4wT5gSA-00343-00092445-00092584 exciting shopping experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00344-00092584-00092907 where consumers will want to spend that extra time.
inPe4wT5gSA-00345-00092907-00093192 I can spend a whole day in that Nike store.
inPe4wT5gSA-00346-00093192-00093408 And then of course when we look to digital retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00347-00093408-00093561 we know it makes it easier to browse
inPe4wT5gSA-00348-00093561-00093804 and to take time to find what you really want,
inPe4wT5gSA-00349-00093804-00094056 but it's harder to actually get that product into hands.
inPe4wT5gSA-00350-00094056-00094329 So what phygital retail can do here is bridge that gap
inPe4wT5gSA-00351-00094329-00094647 between that physical and digital as much as possible
inPe4wT5gSA-00352-00094647-00094899 and just make that transition from online to in the hands
inPe4wT5gSA-00353-00094899-00095133 as seamless and as quick as possible.
inPe4wT5gSA-00354-00095322-00095508 So this brings us to the discussion portion
inPe4wT5gSA-00355-00095508-00095712 of today's webinar.
inPe4wT5gSA-00356-00095712-00095913 So for this, I'm excited to welcome on
inPe4wT5gSA-00357-00095913-00096096 two very special guest speakers
inPe4wT5gSA-00358-00096096-00096273 who've been waiting patiently in the background here
inPe4wT5gSA-00359-00096273-00096405 for me to wrap up.
inPe4wT5gSA-00360-00096405-00096600 Webb and James, welcome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00361-00097154-00097300 - Hey, good afternoon.
inPe4wT5gSA-00362-00097300-00097383 - Hi.
inPe4wT5gSA-00363-00097737-00097881 - Hello.
inPe4wT5gSA-00364-00097881-00097989 - Hi.
inPe4wT5gSA-00365-00097989-00098124 Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00366-00098124-00098283 All right, so let's get ourselves started
inPe4wT5gSA-00367-00098283-00098505 by getting to know each other a little bit better.
inPe4wT5gSA-00368-00098505-00098658 So Webb, how about you kick us off.
inPe4wT5gSA-00369-00098658-00098781 Would love for you to tell the audience
inPe4wT5gSA-00370-00098781-00098925 a little bit more about yourself,
inPe4wT5gSA-00371-00098925-00099095 your background, and your company.
inPe4wT5gSA-00372-00099789-00099945 I'm not sure if the audience can hear, Webb.
inPe4wT5gSA-00373-00099945-00100028 I'm not sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00374-00100122-00100243 - Oh, sorry about that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00375-00100243-00100336 Can you hear me now?
inPe4wT5gSA-00376-00100336-00100419 - Yes I can, awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00377-00100419-00100524 - Okay, hi.
inPe4wT5gSA-00378-00100524-00100704 I'll say that again.
inPe4wT5gSA-00379-00100704-00100815 Hi, everyone, happy to be here.
inPe4wT5gSA-00380-00100815-00100902 My name is Webb.
inPe4wT5gSA-00381-00100902-00101187 I'm the CEO and co-founder of Playper.
inPe4wT5gSA-00382-00101187-00101442 We make planet friendly toys,
inPe4wT5gSA-00383-00101442-00101640 plastic free, AR enhanced toys,
inPe4wT5gSA-00384-00101640-00101943 and I am also a consumer products investor.
inPe4wT5gSA-00385-00101943-00102192 We mainly invest in food and beverage supplements
inPe4wT5gSA-00386-00102192-00102300 and fitness brands.
inPe4wT5gSA-00387-00102485-00102569 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00388-00102569-00102813 And James, love you to introduce yourself to the audience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00389-00102813-00102896 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00390-00102896-00102979 Hey, good afternoon everyone.
inPe4wT5gSA-00391-00102979-00103095 I'm James Melucci.
inPe4wT5gSA-00392-00103095-00103293 I am director of insights
inPe4wT5gSA-00393-00103293-00103491 on our North American Insights and Analytics team
inPe4wT5gSA-00394-00103491-00103641 for Beam Suntory.
inPe4wT5gSA-00395-00103641-00103875 My team mostly does work in the shopper space,
inPe4wT5gSA-00396-00103875-00104317 and my background has been in CPG, tech, retail,
inPe4wT5gSA-00397-00104403-00104529 all different sides of the business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00398-00104529-00104844 So super excited to be here today, so thank you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00399-00104844-00104940 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00400-00104940-00105102 All right, so let's get started.
inPe4wT5gSA-00401-00105102-00105458 What does the word phygital mean to each of you?
inPe4wT5gSA-00402-00105458-00105753 Webb, we'll start with you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00403-00105753-00106131 - Yeah, so to me this fun phygital word
inPe4wT5gSA-00404-00106131-00106581 means that there is a very real expectation from consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00405-00106581-00106961 that brands will be engaging them both in the physical
inPe4wT5gSA-00406-00106961-00107111 and in the digital realms,
inPe4wT5gSA-00407-00107111-00107466 and that we as brands need to appropriately,
inPe4wT5gSA-00408-00107466-00107651 adequately prepare for both of those.
inPe4wT5gSA-00409-00107778-00107861 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00410-00107861-00108182 And James, this new word phygital, what does it mean to you?
inPe4wT5gSA-00411-00108182-00108286 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00412-00108286-00108564 I thought it was the latest fidget spinner,
inPe4wT5gSA-00413-00108564-00108891 but we learned, I think for us it involves the use of
inPe4wT5gSA-00414-00108891-00109176 technology to kind of enhance the physical experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00415-00109176-00109497 and create a more immersive and engaging experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00416-00109497-00109623 for our guests.
inPe4wT5gSA-00417-00109623-00109808 This includes things like grocery shopping,
inPe4wT5gSA-00418-00109808-00109958 when they think about Instacart,
inPe4wT5gSA-00419-00109958-00110286 or more in our space, Drizly, things like that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00420-00110403-00110508 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00421-00110508-00110676 So we gave you some examples of physical
inPe4wT5gSA-00422-00110676-00110877 shopping experiences during the presentation,
inPe4wT5gSA-00423-00110877-00111132 but what are some of your kind of personal favorite hybrid
inPe4wT5gSA-00424-00111132-00111264 shopping experiences?
inPe4wT5gSA-00425-00111264-00111456 Webb, I know you have some great ones.
inPe4wT5gSA-00426-00111560-00111723 - Yeah, well thank you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00427-00111723-00111879 We do have some brands
inPe4wT5gSA-00428-00111879-00111999 that are doing a really good job of this.
inPe4wT5gSA-00429-00111999-00112377 And the example that I immediately think of is a brand
inPe4wT5gSA-00430-00112377-00112494 that we are invested in,
inPe4wT5gSA-00431-00112494-00112764 a children's toy brand called Love Every.
inPe4wT5gSA-00432-00112764-00112934 It's one of our proudest investments.
inPe4wT5gSA-00433-00112934-00113199 And I think they just do a phenomenal job
inPe4wT5gSA-00434-00113199-00113481 of educating their customers about their products
inPe4wT5gSA-00435-00113481-00113711 on their online channels.
inPe4wT5gSA-00436-00113711-00113976 They do some great Instagram lives, and emails,
inPe4wT5gSA-00437-00113976-00114351 and social media posts with pediatricians and educators
inPe4wT5gSA-00438-00114351-00114627 all about speaking to kind of the various stages
inPe4wT5gSA-00439-00114627-00114801 of early childhood development.
inPe4wT5gSA-00440-00114801-00115032 And I just think they do a great job of doing that
inPe4wT5gSA-00441-00115032-00115329 in addition to selling their own products on their website
inPe4wT5gSA-00442-00115329-00115632 and Amazon and communicating their value proposition there
inPe4wT5gSA-00443-00115632-00115797 while also reaching their customers
inPe4wT5gSA-00444-00115797-00115980 through physical stores like Target,
inPe4wT5gSA-00445-00115980-00116343 and then further engaging them in the digital realm
inPe4wT5gSA-00446-00116343-00116571 through the app experience that they have,
inPe4wT5gSA-00447-00116571-00116885 which provides additional value to the products
inPe4wT5gSA-00448-00116885-00117165 and helps parents know how to use
inPe4wT5gSA-00449-00117165-00117381 the products with their children.
inPe4wT5gSA-00450-00117381-00117489 - That's an awesome example.
inPe4wT5gSA-00451-00117489-00117675 I can see in the chat there is a lot of
inPe4wT5gSA-00452-00117675-00117903 Love Every fans here.
inPe4wT5gSA-00453-00117903-00118089 And James, what about yourself?
inPe4wT5gSA-00454-00118089-00118224 - I was gonna say, you can count me as
inPe4wT5gSA-00455-00118224-00118353 a Love Every fan as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-00456-00118353-00118602 My son is on your subscription box program, and he loves it.
inPe4wT5gSA-00457-00118602-00118958 So for me and others,
inPe4wT5gSA-00458-00118958-00119159 I think it's interacting with our brands
inPe4wT5gSA-00459-00119159-00119313 from Beam Suntory on social.
inPe4wT5gSA-00460-00119427-00119814 We do a lot of work in that space in terms of providing
inPe4wT5gSA-00461-00119814-00120086 cocktail ideas, usage occasions, things like that
inPe4wT5gSA-00462-00120086-00120315 that really bring the brands alive for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-00463-00120468-00120648 During the pandemic a lot of folks became
inPe4wT5gSA-00464-00120648-00120747 at home bartenders,
inPe4wT5gSA-00465-00120747-00121058 so they were always looking for the next cocktail to do.
inPe4wT5gSA-00466-00121058-00121149 What can I do at home?
inPe4wT5gSA-00467-00121149-00121302 What can I make at home?
inPe4wT5gSA-00468-00121302-00121596 And to talk about a couple of things from the company,
inPe4wT5gSA-00469-00121596-00121941 right, On the Rocks portfolio, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00470-00121941-00122088 bar quality cocktails at home.
inPe4wT5gSA-00471-00122088-00122388 I know we talked about this a little bit, Katie.
inPe4wT5gSA-00472-00122388-00122724 - Big fan. (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00473-00122724-00122952 - But things like that bring that to life at home,
inPe4wT5gSA-00474-00122952-00123065 and then give folks an experience
inPe4wT5gSA-00475-00123065-00123300 to kind of interact with us on social and tell us about it.
inPe4wT5gSA-00476-00123300-00123579 And a lot of that drives next flavors
inPe4wT5gSA-00477-00123579-00123849 and ideas for us as well that come through that space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00478-00123954-00124037 I think on a personal note,
inPe4wT5gSA-00479-00124037-00124306 I'll probably date myself quite a bit here,
inPe4wT5gSA-00480-00124306-00124446 and this may even proceed when people
inPe4wT5gSA-00481-00124446-00124693 or some of the folks were born on this call,
inPe4wT5gSA-00482-00124693-00124974 but I started using Priceline for groceries in 1999,
inPe4wT5gSA-00483-00125088-00125222 and it was an interesting time,
inPe4wT5gSA-00484-00125222-00125421 and they were way ahead of the curve on that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00485-00125421-00125754 But shopping digitally for groceries and online,
inPe4wT5gSA-00486-00125754-00126054 and obviously big Instacart user today,
inPe4wT5gSA-00487-00126054-00126240 has really changed the game for me,
inPe4wT5gSA-00488-00126240-00126445 especially with a little one at home now.
inPe4wT5gSA-00489-00126549-00126647 - Yeah, that's awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00490-00126647-00126852 And I have to of course give a shout out,
inPe4wT5gSA-00491-00127068-00127259 SVP of Customer Success,
inPe4wT5gSA-00492-00127259-00127479 her dog is named after one of your popular brands,
inPe4wT5gSA-00493-00127479-00127593 Basil Hayden.
inPe4wT5gSA-00494-00127593-00127752 I did not name my dog Maker's Mark,
inPe4wT5gSA-00495-00127752-00128049 but I would do if I could. (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00496-00128049-00128360 All right, so brand approaches to phygital,
inPe4wT5gSA-00497-00128360-00128577 legacy brands versus startups.
inPe4wT5gSA-00498-00128577-00128952 So the consumers of course kind of view physical and digital
inPe4wT5gSA-00499-00128952-00129195 as two distinct shopping experiences right now.
inPe4wT5gSA-00500-00129195-00129453 So how do you appeal to them at both stages
inPe4wT5gSA-00501-00129453-00129597 of the shopping journey?
inPe4wT5gSA-00502-00129597-00129752 And Webb, we'll start with you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00503-00129969-00130334 - Yeah, I think that for us,
inPe4wT5gSA-00504-00130334-00130614 like as former Disney executives,
inPe4wT5gSA-00505-00130614-00130917 being storytellers is very important to us.
inPe4wT5gSA-00506-00130917-00131331 And so telling that story in a compelling way
inPe4wT5gSA-00507-00131331-00131514 with our Playper products
inPe4wT5gSA-00508-00131514-00131691 is a really important piece of that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00509-00131691-00131889 And you tell the story differently
inPe4wT5gSA-00510-00131889-00132180 in the physical experience versus the digital realm.
inPe4wT5gSA-00511-00132180-00132471 And so I think for us it's just kind of all about
inPe4wT5gSA-00512-00132471-00132729 what is the story that you're telling, what is the message,
inPe4wT5gSA-00513-00132729-00133089 and adapting that to whichever realm you're in,
inPe4wT5gSA-00514-00133089-00133264 whether that's physical or digital.
inPe4wT5gSA-00515-00133503-00133623 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00516-00133623-00133842 I know this is an online first brand for kids.
inPe4wT5gSA-00517-00133842-00133992 How do you ensure that your target audience
inPe4wT5gSA-00518-00133992-00134292 is kind of really engaging with your products?
inPe4wT5gSA-00519-00134463-00134778 - We, particularly at Playper,
inPe4wT5gSA-00520-00134778-00135117 we walk a balance between talking to children
inPe4wT5gSA-00521-00135117-00135291 and talking to the parents.
inPe4wT5gSA-00522-00135291-00135780 And the toys and all of the marketing material
inPe4wT5gSA-00523-00135780-00136152 that we put in the box kind of speaks directly to the child
inPe4wT5gSA-00524-00136152-00136440 versus emails, social media,
inPe4wT5gSA-00525-00136440-00136689 and other things that we do online speaks to the parent.
inPe4wT5gSA-00526-00136689-00136863 So we have to be really careful about kind of
inPe4wT5gSA-00527-00136863-00137052 not upselling the child,
inPe4wT5gSA-00528-00137232-00137490 but at the same time trying to educate the parents
inPe4wT5gSA-00529-00137490-00137760 on the up and coming products that we have coming out.
inPe4wT5gSA-00530-00137871-00138018 - Yeah, that's really important.
inPe4wT5gSA-00531-00138018-00138234 And what plans do you have to create a kind of more
inPe4wT5gSA-00532-00138234-00138429 hybrid engagement experience?
inPe4wT5gSA-00533-00138570-00138702 - Yeah, great question.
inPe4wT5gSA-00534-00138702-00138966 So we've founded our company Playper
inPe4wT5gSA-00535-00138966-00139242 around the hype of Pokemon Go.
inPe4wT5gSA-00536-00139242-00139524 I'm sure a lot of people on this call remember Pokemon Go,
inPe4wT5gSA-00537-00139524-00139734 and people walking around with their phones in their hands.
inPe4wT5gSA-00538-00139734-00140184 And we really saw, Pokemon Go kind of helped us see
inPe4wT5gSA-00539-00140184-00140504 the potential of augmented reality technology
inPe4wT5gSA-00540-00140504-00140610 for the kids' market.
inPe4wT5gSA-00541-00140610-00140931 And so we feel like AR is a really special
inPe4wT5gSA-00542-00140931-00141171 and interesting technology for kids
inPe4wT5gSA-00543-00141171-00141447 because it enhances the world around you,
inPe4wT5gSA-00544-00141447-00141651 but doesn't take you out of reality completely.
inPe4wT5gSA-00545-00141651-00142095 And so we are very conscious of the fact that
inPe4wT5gSA-00546-00142095-00142326 it can often come across as gimmicky
inPe4wT5gSA-00547-00142326-00142476 or like a cheap novelty.
inPe4wT5gSA-00548-00142476-00142653 So we've tried to be really careful
inPe4wT5gSA-00549-00142653-00142857 to not fall into that trap
inPe4wT5gSA-00550-00142857-00143163 with the way that we use AR in our product,
inPe4wT5gSA-00551-00143163-00143502 but we've tried to integrate it into a way that feels
inPe4wT5gSA-00552-00143502-00143640 very seamless to the experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00553-00143640-00143907 So for example, when you are in the app,
inPe4wT5gSA-00554-00143907-00144195 you might be asked a question that relates back
inPe4wT5gSA-00555-00144195-00144399 to the physical product itself.
inPe4wT5gSA-00556-00144399-00144744 So you have to go back to the physical toy castle
inPe4wT5gSA-00557-00144744-00144987 and count the number of pickles that are in that jar
inPe4wT5gSA-00558-00144987-00145137 before you can progress in the app.
inPe4wT5gSA-00559-00145137-00145530 So I think that's kind of how we viewed it a bit.
inPe4wT5gSA-00560-00145530-00145665 - That's awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00561-00145665-00145842 I do remember those Pokemon days.
inPe4wT5gSA-00562-00145842-00145925 I lived in Brooklyn,
inPe4wT5gSA-00563-00145925-00146152 and I saw many car accidents almost happen.
inPe4wT5gSA-00564-00146152-00146238 (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00565-00146238-00146508 So James, on the other hand, you worked for a company
inPe4wT5gSA-00566-00146508-00146664 with many more legacy kind of brands
inPe4wT5gSA-00567-00146664-00147003 with a lot of brand recognition, Jim Beam, Maker's Mark,
inPe4wT5gSA-00568-00147003-00147186 Basil Hayden, and so on.
inPe4wT5gSA-00569-00147186-00147402 So what types of kind of purchase patterns
inPe4wT5gSA-00570-00147402-00147564 have you seen with your customers?
inPe4wT5gSA-00571-00147564-00147885 Are they more lucky to purchase in store via delivery app,
inPe4wT5gSA-00572-00147885-00148095 and how is that changing over time?
inPe4wT5gSA-00573-00148095-00148300 - Sure. So I'll try not to give you
inPe4wT5gSA-00574-00148300-00148410 too long winded of an answer here,
inPe4wT5gSA-00575-00148410-00148563 but I think it's important that we talk about
inPe4wT5gSA-00576-00148563-00148704 kind of the different spirit types
inPe4wT5gSA-00577-00148704-00149013 and where we play with wine and beer in that space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00578-00149013-00149298 Open the pandemic, beverage alcohol really went through
inPe4wT5gSA-00579-00149298-00149604 digital as purchasing really largely moved online.
inPe4wT5gSA-00580-00149724-00149889 According to some new research we've seen, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00581-00149889-00149991 that changes here today.
inPe4wT5gSA-00582-00149991-00150138 Probably not surprising to anyone, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-00583-00150138-00150399 That was a huge paradigm shift during the pandemic.
inPe4wT5gSA-00584-00150483-00150566 And beverage alcohol,
inPe4wT5gSA-00585-00150566-00150710 e-commerce sales are expected to reach,
inPe4wT5gSA-00586-00150710-00151011 I think last I saw like 42 billion globally
inPe4wT5gSA-00587-00151011-00151266 across kind of key markets by 2025.
inPe4wT5gSA-00588-00151266-00151644 That's a growth of about 66% I think is what we've heard.
inPe4wT5gSA-00589-00151743-00151995 A quarter of global drinkers now order online.
inPe4wT5gSA-00590-00151995-00152136 So kinda as we look forward,
inPe4wT5gSA-00591-00152136-00152403 we kind of see e-commerce is gonna command 6%
inPe4wT5gSA-00592-00152403-00152763 of all off trade beverage alcohol volumes by that time.
inPe4wT5gSA-00593-00152763-00153075 And that's really up in less than 2% in 2018.
inPe4wT5gSA-00594-00153075-00153357 So that's a huge, huge jump in a very short amount of time.
inPe4wT5gSA-00595-00153357-00153510 When it comes to e-commerce,
inPe4wT5gSA-00596-00153510-00153699 wine's held a long advantage over
inPe4wT5gSA-00597-00153699-00153921 other beverage alcohol categories.
inPe4wT5gSA-00598-00153921-00154004 When we look at that,
inPe4wT5gSA-00599-00154004-00154224 and we talk about kind of direct to consumer,
inPe4wT5gSA-00600-00154224-00154434 wine represents less than I think 25%
inPe4wT5gSA-00601-00154434-00154647 of overall off-premise alcohol sales,
inPe4wT5gSA-00602-00154647-00154968 but it captures like close to over 60% of online sales,
inPe4wT5gSA-00603-00154968-00155283 which is huge for the wine side of the business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00604-00155367-00155529 And e-commerce represented about 10%
inPe4wT5gSA-00605-00155529-00155781 of total off-premise wine sales.
inPe4wT5gSA-00606-00155781-00155919 When you look at that comparatively
inPe4wT5gSA-00607-00155919-00156210 to kind of beer and spirit, much smaller piece of the pie.
inPe4wT5gSA-00608-00156210-00156366 Beer is like one and a half percent,
inPe4wT5gSA-00609-00156366-00156567 and about 3% for spirit last year.
inPe4wT5gSA-00610-00156567-00156789 So wine really dominating in that space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00611-00156789-00156969 And kind of one of the reasons for that dominance
inPe4wT5gSA-00612-00156969-00157203 is that most, almost all states here in the U.S.
inPe4wT5gSA-00613-00157203-00157443 allow wine producers to ship direct to customer,
inPe4wT5gSA-00614-00157542-00157693 or DTC, as I mentioned,
inPe4wT5gSA-00615-00157693-00157971 where far fewer states allow beer/spirit producers
inPe4wT5gSA-00616-00157971-00158115 to ship directly to consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00617-00158115-00158463 and that's like less than 15 states permit alcohol retailers
inPe4wT5gSA-00618-00158463-00158706 or non-producers to ship directly to consumers.
inPe4wT5gSA-00619-00158706-00158934 So it's a really interesting space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00620-00159108-00159288 Wine is uniquely kind of well suited
inPe4wT5gSA-00621-00159288-00159555 when we talk about e-commerce as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-00622-00159555-00159903 And states that permit direct to consumer wine shipping,
inPe4wT5gSA-00623-00159903-00160116 online shopping is usually often the most convenient way
inPe4wT5gSA-00624-00160116-00160314 for those consumers to acquire
inPe4wT5gSA-00625-00160314-00160578 certain hard to find vintages, things like that,
inPe4wT5gSA-00626-00160578-00160977 or browse wine from a particular kind of region or winery.
inPe4wT5gSA-00627-00160977-00161412 So the U.S. has over 11,000 different wineries alone
inPe4wT5gSA-00628-00161412-00161622 compared to like 2300 craft distilleries.
inPe4wT5gSA-00629-00161622-00161769 So there's a lot for kind of
inPe4wT5gSA-00630-00161769-00161943 budding connoisseurs to explore.
inPe4wT5gSA-00631-00162090-00162312 Plus on top of that, wine prices,
inPe4wT5gSA-00632-00162312-00162558 the price of wines really just tend to be just right.
inPe4wT5gSA-00633-00162558-00162873 Lower price point of beer makes it hard to
inPe4wT5gSA-00634-00162873-00163068 produce a kind of justify shipping cost.
inPe4wT5gSA-00635-00163068-00163368 And although the price of spirits is better suited
inPe4wT5gSA-00636-00163368-00163557 for shipping, the market's smaller,
inPe4wT5gSA-00637-00163557-00163707 and fewer states allow direct shipments,
inPe4wT5gSA-00638-00163707-00163965 and that's really a challenge for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-00639-00163965-00164133 So when we talk about,
inPe4wT5gSA-00640-00164133-00164395 sorry, to give you the long history of that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00641-00164395-00164506 - No, that's fantastic.
inPe4wT5gSA-00642-00164506-00164589 It's so helpful.
inPe4wT5gSA-00643-00164739-00164882 - But with who's shopping online,
inPe4wT5gSA-00644-00164882-00165087 we found two customer distinctions
inPe4wT5gSA-00645-00165087-00165261 in the online beverage space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00646-00165261-00165528 Really, the first is a more conventional shopper.
inPe4wT5gSA-00647-00165528-00165822 They browse, they look for more traditional e-commerce
inPe4wT5gSA-00648-00165822-00165987 via websites.
inPe4wT5gSA-00649-00165987-00166188 Platforms are usually used by older consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00650-00166188-00166493 syncing good prices, known brands,
inPe4wT5gSA-00651-00166493-00166719 and kind of they're prepared to wait for delivery.
inPe4wT5gSA-00652-00166719-00166956 The other half is really your digitally native, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00653-00166956-00167271 participating in modern app-driven e-commerce,
inPe4wT5gSA-00654-00167271-00167511 preferred by young legal drinking age consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00655-00167511-00167838 looking for kind of interesting or premium brands.
inPe4wT5gSA-00656-00167838-00168057 We talk premiumization a lot in this space,
inPe4wT5gSA-00657-00168057-00168306 and they're willing to pay for rapid delivery.
inPe4wT5gSA-00658-00168306-00168579 So 2/3 of these drinkers have made their first online
inPe4wT5gSA-00659-00168579-00168747 bill bev purchase pre-pandemic.
inPe4wT5gSA-00660-00168747-00169014 So we're continuing to see that grow and grow.
inPe4wT5gSA-00661-00169014-00169209 And given the pandemic,
inPe4wT5gSA-00662-00169209-00169410 an overall change in consumer shopping behavior,
inPe4wT5gSA-00663-00169410-00169574 it's certainly not surprising for us
inPe4wT5gSA-00664-00169574-00169836 as the alcohol e-commerce is growing very quickly,
inPe4wT5gSA-00665-00169836-00169953 as I mentioned.
inPe4wT5gSA-00666-00169953-00170220 I think what's interesting to see is significant variations
inPe4wT5gSA-00667-00170220-00170475 that kind of have developed across within markets
inPe4wT5gSA-00668-00170475-00170703 and how different consumers reached out via e-commerce
inPe4wT5gSA-00669-00170703-00170925 and what their priorities are.
inPe4wT5gSA-00670-00170925-00171141 No doubt that e-commerce has clearly become ingrained
inPe4wT5gSA-00671-00171141-00171231 for many consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00672-00171231-00171416 and it's kind of cementing its place
inPe4wT5gSA-00673-00171416-00171705 in a third sales channel for adult beverage for sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00674-00171903-00172233 - Yeah, I know we spoke last week about premiumization being
inPe4wT5gSA-00675-00172233-00172404 so key for you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00676-00172404-00172568 People don't go out as often.
inPe4wT5gSA-00677-00172568-00172842 So when they do, they definitely wanna treat themselves.
inPe4wT5gSA-00678-00172842-00173106 So how do you approach that kind of in-store experiences,
inPe4wT5gSA-00679-00173106-00173394 tastings, tours, any examples you have?
inPe4wT5gSA-00680-00173394-00173493 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00681-00173493-00173667 Our motto at at Beam Suntory is
inPe4wT5gSA-00682-00173667-00173842 "Come as friends; leave as family."
inPe4wT5gSA-00683-00173931-00174125 So guests who visit our distilleries,
inPe4wT5gSA-00684-00174125-00174272 they really wanna learn more about our brands,
inPe4wT5gSA-00685-00174272-00174562 and they're some of the most engaged customers we've have.
inPe4wT5gSA-00686-00174746-00174945 Visits and shopping at our distilleries really offers
inPe4wT5gSA-00687-00174945-00175200 a differentiating experience than shopping for our brands
inPe4wT5gSA-00688-00175200-00175383 at like a liquor store or a bar.
inPe4wT5gSA-00689-00175383-00175656 And digital engagement offers us a way to stay connected
inPe4wT5gSA-00690-00175656-00175863 to those most engaged consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00691-00175863-00176064 long after they leave our distillery.
inPe4wT5gSA-00692-00176064-00176292 So for example, things like our Maker's Mark
inPe4wT5gSA-00693-00176292-00176595 ambassador program that we offer to consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00694-00176595-00176793 it really helps to spread the word far and wide
inPe4wT5gSA-00695-00176793-00177042 about their favorite expressions of Maker's Mark.
inPe4wT5gSA-00696-00177042-00177291 And in return, they not only get their names placed
inPe4wT5gSA-00697-00177291-00177450 on barrels at our Starhill Farm,
inPe4wT5gSA-00698-00177450-00177840 but they also receive early access to products, brand news,
inPe4wT5gSA-00699-00177840-00177954 exclusive event invites,
inPe4wT5gSA-00700-00177954-00178266 and maybe we throw in a surprise or two along the way.
inPe4wT5gSA-00701-00178266-00178518 So I welcome everyone that's on the phone
inPe4wT5gSA-00702-00178518-00178746 and on the video here with us today to kinda hop on
inPe4wT5gSA-00703-00178746-00178839 and become an ambassador.
inPe4wT5gSA-00704-00178839-00178974 It's free to join.
inPe4wT5gSA-00705-00178974-00179070 It's a great program.
inPe4wT5gSA-00706-00179070-00179250 So I'll make a plug for that of course.
inPe4wT5gSA-00707-00179250-00179658 But like I said, we're on a premiumization journey.
inPe4wT5gSA-00708-00179658-00179889 It's really driven by a unique value creation model
inPe4wT5gSA-00709-00179889-00179973 that we have at Beam,
inPe4wT5gSA-00710-00179973-00180240 and that work begins with customer centricity
inPe4wT5gSA-00711-00180240-00180567 that really relies on incredible value, and quality,
inPe4wT5gSA-00712-00180567-00180753 and superior storytelling.
inPe4wT5gSA-00713-00180753-00180836 I know storytelling's been mentioned,
inPe4wT5gSA-00714-00180836-00181185 but we have such a rich history, right, at Beam.
inPe4wT5gSA-00715-00181185-00181401 And it ends with executional excellence
inPe4wT5gSA-00716-00181401-00181536 across consumer touchpoint.
inPe4wT5gSA-00717-00181536-00181750 So superior storytelling for us
inPe4wT5gSA-00718-00181750-00181992 is made possible by our culture here,
inPe4wT5gSA-00719-00181992-00182226 that is really empowering people to
inPe4wT5gSA-00720-00182226-00182595 kind of unlock the histories of the company premium brands,
inPe4wT5gSA-00721-00182595-00182838 which are deeply, deeply authentic and personal, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00722-00182838-00183006 to consumers for us,
inPe4wT5gSA-00723-00183006-00183267 and to really feel more powerful global
inPe4wT5gSA-00724-00183267-00183375 kind of consumer engagement
inPe4wT5gSA-00725-00183375-00183636 and build the future of Beam Suntory.
inPe4wT5gSA-00726-00183636-00183729 - That is awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00727-00183729-00183876 It's so great to hear that you're kind of so
inPe4wT5gSA-00728-00183876-00183978 consumer centric.
inPe4wT5gSA-00729-00183978-00184125 So be in the midst,
inPe4wT5gSA-00730-00184125-00184416 how do you use consumer insights to help you kind of
inPe4wT5gSA-00731-00184416-00184707 inform some of those decisions and those shopper experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00732-00184707-00184824 being curated?
inPe4wT5gSA-00733-00184824-00184977 - Sure, absolutely.
inPe4wT5gSA-00734-00184977-00185157 And I think, it all starts with insights for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-00735-00185157-00185511 From things like product look and feel, labeling,
inPe4wT5gSA-00736-00185511-00185652 color, shelf placement, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00737-00185652-00185787 when you think about if a bottle's clear,
inPe4wT5gSA-00738-00185787-00185874 and what does that look like
inPe4wT5gSA-00739-00185874-00186183 versus a bottle that's covered in a label or wrapped,
inPe4wT5gSA-00740-00186183-00186435 how much facing and holding power do we have at the shelf,
inPe4wT5gSA-00741-00186435-00186624 point of sale materials, and caps displays?
inPe4wT5gSA-00742-00186624-00186786 I mean the list goes on and on,
inPe4wT5gSA-00743-00186786-00187047 but I can tell you we are hyper-focused on the consumer
inPe4wT5gSA-00744-00187047-00187265 and how we kind of interact with them and us
inPe4wT5gSA-00745-00187265-00187560 at both the physical and digital shelf.
inPe4wT5gSA-00746-00187560-00187713 One of the big things for us is really, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00747-00187713-00187869 an insight is just data
inPe4wT5gSA-00748-00187869-00188042 if there isn't a tangible kind of so what
inPe4wT5gSA-00749-00188042-00188210 or a call to action in everything we do
inPe4wT5gSA-00750-00188210-00188418 and everything we provide.
inPe4wT5gSA-00751-00188418-00188547 - Yep, absolutely.
inPe4wT5gSA-00752-00188649-00188874 So the phygital kind of future,
inPe4wT5gSA-00753-00188985-00189081 I love saying the word phygital now.
inPe4wT5gSA-00754-00189081-00189285 I learned to kinda practice it.
inPe4wT5gSA-00755-00189285-00189525 So the phygital future, ones that surprised us
inPe4wT5gSA-00756-00189525-00189777 in our research was that consumers are still shopping
inPe4wT5gSA-00757-00189777-00190062 in store simply to have somewhere to go.
inPe4wT5gSA-00758-00190062-00190311 So and I can feel that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00759-00190311-00190632 This is a trend, it was in the early days of the pandemic,
inPe4wT5gSA-00760-00190632-00190848 but do you think this habit is here to stay?
inPe4wT5gSA-00761-00190848-00191003 And Webb, we'll start with you?
inPe4wT5gSA-00762-00191220-00191344 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00763-00191344-00191682 So I kind of view this through the lens of a parent.
inPe4wT5gSA-00764-00191682-00191838 I'm a dad of four young kids.
inPe4wT5gSA-00765-00191838-00192123 I have a two-year-old, four-year-old boy/girl twins,
inPe4wT5gSA-00766-00192123-00192231 and a seven-year-old.
inPe4wT5gSA-00767-00192231-00192511 And I can say that I can definitely relate to that
inPe4wT5gSA-00768-00192600-00192969 notion of shopping in store just provides a place to go.
inPe4wT5gSA-00769-00192969-00193263 And I honestly, I love going to the store with my kids.
inPe4wT5gSA-00770-00193263-00193560 I think, I was telling you guys beforehand
inPe4wT5gSA-00771-00193560-00193797 that we actually just got back from a trip to Disney World
inPe4wT5gSA-00772-00193797-00194103 for spring break with my kids, and my kids loved it,
inPe4wT5gSA-00773-00194103-00194490 but I honestly think Target is a close second for them.
inPe4wT5gSA-00774-00194490-00194739 There's really nothing like exploring the toy aisle
inPe4wT5gSA-00775-00194739-00195042 with kids at Target, or at Barnes and Noble,
inPe4wT5gSA-00776-00195042-00195279 and seeing what they naturally gravitate to.
inPe4wT5gSA-00777-00195279-00195600 I don't think there's any replacement for that experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00778-00195600-00195912 Websites, catalogs, social media is all great,
inPe4wT5gSA-00779-00195912-00196128 but really in my mind there's no substitution
inPe4wT5gSA-00780-00196128-00196332 for being at a store.
inPe4wT5gSA-00781-00196482-00196565 - Definitely.
inPe4wT5gSA-00782-00196565-00196801 My favorite places to go as a child where ToysRUs
inPe4wT5gSA-00783-00196801-00196974 and then consumer electronics store,
inPe4wT5gSA-00784-00196974-00197088 and definitely today as an adult,
inPe4wT5gSA-00785-00197088-00197265 Target and Ikea are my Disney.
inPe4wT5gSA-00786-00197388-00197520 James all about yourself?
inPe4wT5gSA-00787-00197643-00197727 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00788-00197727-00197922 I think you could literally never leave your house today
inPe4wT5gSA-00789-00197922-00198078 with all the ways to order online, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-00790-00198078-00198279 I'm kinda like, where's the fun in that?
inPe4wT5gSA-00791-00198279-00198432 Humans are social animals,
inPe4wT5gSA-00792-00198432-00198615 and for us in adult beverage, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00793-00198615-00198777 we're still in a high touch business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00794-00198777-00198963 Spirits is a social business in itself.
inPe4wT5gSA-00795-00198963-00199341 So people are looking for a personalized experience,
inPe4wT5gSA-00796-00199341-00199452 experts in the business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00797-00199452-00199731 They're always like to go out, get recommendations.
inPe4wT5gSA-00798-00199731-00200031 So for me personally, I enjoy going out to what we call
inPe4wT5gSA-00799-00200031-00200214 kind of our larger format liquor stores,
inPe4wT5gSA-00800-00200214-00200466 whether it be Total Wine or BevMo,
inPe4wT5gSA-00801-00200466-00200667 or ABC Fine Wine and Spirits,
inPe4wT5gSA-00802-00200667-00200937 or Binny's for my local folks here in Chicago.
inPe4wT5gSA-00803-00200937-00201186 And really talking with folks in there just to get recos,
inPe4wT5gSA-00804-00201186-00201471 or just talk about what's happening in the business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00805-00201471-00201702 I do think for a lot of folks here I've talked to, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00806-00201702-00201918 our Binny's is like Disneyland
inPe4wT5gSA-00807-00201918-00202092 for spirits and liquor, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-00808-00202092-00202308 You just kinda go out and see what's new out there,
inPe4wT5gSA-00809-00202308-00202446 or there's tastings on the weekends,
inPe4wT5gSA-00810-00202446-00202653 and you get to try a lot of different things.
inPe4wT5gSA-00811-00202653-00202884 So we have lots of consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00812-00202884-00203055 across different experience levels, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00813-00203055-00203148 in the spirits business.
inPe4wT5gSA-00814-00203148-00203307 So they like to go out there,
inPe4wT5gSA-00815-00203307-00203451 and they like to touch and feel the product
inPe4wT5gSA-00816-00203451-00203535 and see what's happening.
inPe4wT5gSA-00817-00203535-00203745 And end of the day, really,
inPe4wT5gSA-00818-00203745-00204024 like what you drink is very personal to a lot of people,
inPe4wT5gSA-00819-00204024-00204267 and we have lots of fiercely loyal consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00820-00204267-00204462 and what they drink, they take that as
inPe4wT5gSA-00821-00204462-00204621 a definition of who they are.
inPe4wT5gSA-00822-00204621-00204863 So we want that level of loyalty with consumers,
inPe4wT5gSA-00823-00204863-00205026 and we wanna be that brand of choice
inPe4wT5gSA-00824-00205026-00205209 when they're out shopping.
inPe4wT5gSA-00825-00205209-00205434 - Yeah, it's really (indistinct) that the brand of alcohol
inPe4wT5gSA-00826-00205434-00205698 really does tie into someone's personality sometimes.
inPe4wT5gSA-00827-00205826-00205944 - You're naming dogs after it, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-00828-00205944-00206107 It's gotta mean something to you, so.
inPe4wT5gSA-00829-00206107-00206190 - Exactly.
inPe4wT5gSA-00830-00206190-00206289 (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00831-00206289-00206658 It's Bottle King in New Jersey, and it's an enormous store.
inPe4wT5gSA-00832-00206658-00206826 So big fan. (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00833-00206826-00207194 So what would you see as the next wave of phygical shopping?
inPe4wT5gSA-00834-00207194-00207426 And James, we'll start with you, with.
inPe4wT5gSA-00835-00207426-00207510 - Sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-00836-00207510-00207675 I mean for me, I think like I touched on direct to consumer,
inPe4wT5gSA-00837-00207675-00207842 we really need more markets to open up
inPe4wT5gSA-00838-00207842-00208125 so we can continue to explore that space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00839-00208125-00208394 I also think interesting things happening in NFTs,
inPe4wT5gSA-00840-00208394-00208707 and NFTs can get a bad rep at times,
inPe4wT5gSA-00841-00208707-00209016 but virtual ownership of like rare bottles and rare spirits
inPe4wT5gSA-00842-00209016-00209294 seems to be a great opportunity for digital ownership
inPe4wT5gSA-00843-00209294-00209540 by using NFTs to do that and kind of enable that.
inPe4wT5gSA-00844-00209628-00209711 - Interesting.
inPe4wT5gSA-00845-00209711-00209928 I know when we spoke last week, you also,
inPe4wT5gSA-00846-00209928-00210276 travel opening up to places like Mexico and Japan.
inPe4wT5gSA-00847-00210276-00210429 Do you see that's kinda being the next wave
inPe4wT5gSA-00848-00210429-00210678 of kind of a phygital shopping experience?
inPe4wT5gSA-00849-00210678-00210888 - We do. I mean we welcome everyone to come out to
inPe4wT5gSA-00850-00210888-00211077 anywhere we distill spirits.
inPe4wT5gSA-00851-00211077-00211386 Like I said, there's plenty here in Louisville,
inPe4wT5gSA-00852-00211386-00211611 but I think outside of that, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00853-00211611-00211803 we have distilleries in Mexico.
inPe4wT5gSA-00854-00211803-00211983 We have things in Japan.
inPe4wT5gSA-00855-00211983-00212076 If you're ever over there,
inPe4wT5gSA-00856-00212076-00212340 you're welcome to come to any of our Suntory distilleries
inPe4wT5gSA-00857-00212340-00212553 and try some of my favorites, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-00858-00212553-00212796 our Japanese whiskey portfolio.
inPe4wT5gSA-00859-00212796-00212961 So great opportunities to come out
inPe4wT5gSA-00860-00212961-00213177 and interact with the brands in a kind of different way
inPe4wT5gSA-00861-00213177-00213317 and really understand the rich history
inPe4wT5gSA-00862-00213317-00213639 that goes with the brands we have in our portfolio.
inPe4wT5gSA-00863-00213639-00213790 - Yeah, awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00864-00213790-00214013 And Webb, how do you see the kind of next wave
inPe4wT5gSA-00865-00214013-00214247 of phygital shopping?
inPe4wT5gSA-00866-00214247-00214479 - Yeah, personally for me, I'd like to see
inPe4wT5gSA-00867-00214479-00214667 and think we are already starting to see
inPe4wT5gSA-00868-00214667-00214926 more experiential retail experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00869-00214926-00215286 that really bridge the gap into digital in a really fun way.
inPe4wT5gSA-00870-00215286-00215496 So just to provide an example,
inPe4wT5gSA-00871-00215496-00215808 I was at the new ToysRUS location around Christmas time
inPe4wT5gSA-00872-00215808-00216144 in Harold Square, and I thought that they did a great job
inPe4wT5gSA-00873-00216144-00216390 of creating opportunities to take pictures
inPe4wT5gSA-00874-00216390-00216561 with all of the ToysRUS characters,
inPe4wT5gSA-00875-00216561-00216807 Geoffrey the Giraffe and other characters,
inPe4wT5gSA-00876-00216807-00216933 and other really fun things.
inPe4wT5gSA-00877-00216933-00217257 Like they had a recreation of the Macy's Day parade
inPe4wT5gSA-00878-00217257-00217410 done all in Lego.
inPe4wT5gSA-00879-00217410-00217709 And so, I think just providing opportunities like that
inPe4wT5gSA-00880-00217709-00217941 for people to take pictures with those things
inPe4wT5gSA-00881-00217941-00218244 contributes back to the kind of digital realm
inPe4wT5gSA-00882-00218244-00218382 in a really fun, cool way,
inPe4wT5gSA-00883-00218382-00218511 and I think we're gonna see a lot more of that
inPe4wT5gSA-00884-00218511-00218669 going forward.
inPe4wT5gSA-00885-00218669-00218824 - Yeah, that's awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00886-00218824-00219111 And so can you share any plans on the phygital futures
inPe4wT5gSA-00887-00219111-00219258 of your own products?
inPe4wT5gSA-00888-00219258-00219392 Webb, we'll start with you.
inPe4wT5gSA-00889-00219573-00219969 - Yeah, I mean, speaking to augmented reality in particular,
inPe4wT5gSA-00890-00219969-00220389 I think there's a lot of opportunity to utilize AR
inPe4wT5gSA-00891-00220389-00220833 in a very cool way to have people bring the products
inPe4wT5gSA-00892-00220833-00221034 into their home in a way that
inPe4wT5gSA-00893-00221034-00221301 we haven't been able to do so much in the past.
inPe4wT5gSA-00894-00221301-00221621 So I think there's gonna be a lot more use of that
inPe4wT5gSA-00895-00221621-00222092 for companies like ours to show what the product
inPe4wT5gSA-00896-00222092-00222219 will look like in your home
inPe4wT5gSA-00897-00222219-00222462 and actually allow you to experience it
inPe4wT5gSA-00898-00222462-00222717 and play with toys and things like that
inPe4wT5gSA-00899-00222717-00222896 before you actually make a purchase.
inPe4wT5gSA-00900-00222896-00223119 So that's something we're looking to do more of,
inPe4wT5gSA-00901-00223119-00223485 and we have some other really interesting
inPe4wT5gSA-00902-00223485-00223779 kind of hybrid engagement experiences
inPe4wT5gSA-00903-00223779-00223926 that we're looking to do with our product
inPe4wT5gSA-00904-00223926-00224265 that engage the user in a really seamless way,
inPe4wT5gSA-00905-00224265-00224505 and we'll have some exciting innovations
inPe4wT5gSA-00906-00224505-00224792 coming out later this year that I hope you guys stay tuned
inPe4wT5gSA-00907-00224792-00224994 to keep track of.
inPe4wT5gSA-00908-00224994-00225105 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00909-00225105-00225467 And James, any kind of future phygitalization
inPe4wT5gSA-00910-00225467-00225678 (Katie laughs) for your products?
inPe4wT5gSA-00911-00225678-00225912 - So I would say we're very active in our social channels
inPe4wT5gSA-00912-00225912-00225995 across our brands,
inPe4wT5gSA-00913-00225995-00226179 but the digital work for us is really still
inPe4wT5gSA-00914-00226179-00226302 in the early stages.
inPe4wT5gSA-00915-00226394-00226598 And obviously the legalities of marketing spirits
inPe4wT5gSA-00916-00226598-00226682 is challenging.
inPe4wT5gSA-00917-00226682-00226892 So we always wanna ensure we're sending the right message
inPe4wT5gSA-00918-00226892-00227217 about drinking smart and responsibly.
inPe4wT5gSA-00919-00227217-00227415 Outside of our Beam Suntory business,
inPe4wT5gSA-00920-00227415-00227669 you see producers like 19 Crimes wines
inPe4wT5gSA-00921-00227669-00227873 doing like augmented reality with their labels
inPe4wT5gSA-00922-00227873-00228111 with Snoop Dogg and Martha Stewart.
inPe4wT5gSA-00923-00228111-00228276 Which by the way, is there a better combination
inPe4wT5gSA-00924-00228276-00228398 of two people to be put together?
inPe4wT5gSA-00925-00228398-00228777 But it's exciting to see the marriage of that technology
inPe4wT5gSA-00926-00228777-00228954 and kind of see where the adult beverage base
inPe4wT5gSA-00927-00228954-00229079 can go with that as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-00928-00229167-00229250 - That's awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00929-00229250-00229367 And shout out to Martha Stewart.
inPe4wT5gSA-00930-00229367-00229665 My boyfriend is the camera operator
inPe4wT5gSA-00931-00229665-00229776 for the Martha Stewart TV show,
inPe4wT5gSA-00932-00229776-00229999 so he works with her every single day.
inPe4wT5gSA-00933-00229999-00230109 (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-00934-00230109-00230463 Alright, well we have tons of questions from the audience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00935-00230463-00230567 They've been asking live.
inPe4wT5gSA-00936-00230567-00230867 So I'm excited to dive into a number of these.
inPe4wT5gSA-00937-00230867-00231071 So I will try and get to as many of them as I can.
inPe4wT5gSA-00938-00231071-00231303 So we will start with you, Webb,
inPe4wT5gSA-00939-00231303-00231471 a question from the audience.
inPe4wT5gSA-00940-00231471-00231765 We're seeing more regulations around screen time for kids
inPe4wT5gSA-00941-00231765-00231848 and young adults.
inPe4wT5gSA-00942-00231848-00232140 So we'd love to hear how you're looking at this,
inPe4wT5gSA-00943-00232140-00232409 and is it affecting any of your kind of product planning?
inPe4wT5gSA-00944-00232503-00232619 - Yeah, absolutely.
inPe4wT5gSA-00945-00232619-00232815 It's affecting our product planning.
inPe4wT5gSA-00946-00232815-00233315 I think for us, we've tried to shift our focus back towards
inPe4wT5gSA-00947-00233342-00233541 more social emotional learning
inPe4wT5gSA-00948-00233541-00233865 and really trying to play a role in the
inPe4wT5gSA-00949-00233865-00234071 mental health conversations that's going around
inPe4wT5gSA-00950-00234071-00234210 and with kids.
inPe4wT5gSA-00951-00234210-00234477 I think, there there's definitely
inPe4wT5gSA-00952-00234477-00234690 a need to limit screen time,
inPe4wT5gSA-00953-00234690-00235169 but I think that we view ourselves as having an obligation
inPe4wT5gSA-00954-00235169-00235452 to really introduce healthier screen time opportunities
inPe4wT5gSA-00955-00235452-00235737 that don't lock kids into a screen
inPe4wT5gSA-00956-00235737-00235905 and make them turn into screen zombies.
inPe4wT5gSA-00957-00235905-00236298 But really, I think there's a good way to do screen time,
inPe4wT5gSA-00958-00236298-00236475 and that's really what we're trying to tackle here
inPe4wT5gSA-00959-00236475-00236894 is introducing screen time in a way that is interactive
inPe4wT5gSA-00960-00236894-00237030 and not just passive
inPe4wT5gSA-00961-00237030-00237432 and really contributes to the educational benefit
inPe4wT5gSA-00962-00237432-00237750 of children and where pedagogically aligned
inPe4wT5gSA-00963-00237750-00238173 with what they're supposed to be being taught at those ages.
inPe4wT5gSA-00964-00238173-00238341 - That is awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00965-00238341-00238454 And James, kind of staying on the theme of
inPe4wT5gSA-00966-00238454-00238617 the younger generations,
inPe4wT5gSA-00967-00238617-00238839 how are you appealing to Gen Z consumers
inPe4wT5gSA-00968-00238839-00239031 that are now starting to become kind of largely
inPe4wT5gSA-00969-00239031-00239214 of drinking age, but we've heard from all the stats,
inPe4wT5gSA-00970-00239214-00239496 they definitely drink a lot less alcohol.
inPe4wT5gSA-00971-00239496-00239829 - Sure, we are certainly, non-alcoholic beverages
inPe4wT5gSA-00972-00239829-00239994 are certainly top of mind for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-00973-00240105-00240477 Late last year we released a Suntory all free beer
inPe4wT5gSA-00974-00240477-00240804 that is kind of triple zero we'll all across the board
inPe4wT5gSA-00975-00240804-00240948 to start addressing that space,
inPe4wT5gSA-00976-00240948-00241131 and a little bit more in a niche kind of space
inPe4wT5gSA-00977-00241131-00241362 with Japanese flavor type of beer.
inPe4wT5gSA-00978-00241461-00241688 We're constantly looking for bringing new things like that
inPe4wT5gSA-00979-00241688-00241771 to the market,
inPe4wT5gSA-00980-00241771-00242085 but certainly staying very close on flavors and trends.
inPe4wT5gSA-00981-00242184-00242460 Other examples, we launched the Truly Vodka last year
inPe4wT5gSA-00982-00242460-00242610 at a partnership at Boston Beer,
inPe4wT5gSA-00983-00242610-00242862 and to kind of address that,
inPe4wT5gSA-00984-00242862-00243096 what's happening in the ready to drink seltzer space.
inPe4wT5gSA-00985-00243096-00243288 That's just kind of skyrocketed as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-00986-00243288-00243561 But we certainly try to keep our finger on the pulse.
inPe4wT5gSA-00987-00243561-00243729 So what's happening with taste and trends,
inPe4wT5gSA-00988-00243729-00244008 but also looking for new and interesting ways
inPe4wT5gSA-00989-00244008-00244148 to interact in social.
inPe4wT5gSA-00990-00244148-00244455 And anything that kind of goes out from us
inPe4wT5gSA-00991-00244455-00244578 is really kind of directed at
inPe4wT5gSA-00992-00244578-00244827 how do we kind of capture that, like you said,
inPe4wT5gSA-00993-00244827-00244941 that legal age drinking
inPe4wT5gSA-00994-00244941-00245232 that's just kind of hitting the marketplace.
inPe4wT5gSA-00995-00245232-00245369 - Yeah, that's awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-00996-00245369-00245508 There's so much innovation in the kind of low
inPe4wT5gSA-00997-00245508-00245727 and no alcohol products out there.
inPe4wT5gSA-00998-00245727-00245832 It's exciting to see.
inPe4wT5gSA-00999-00245921-00246102 Okay, here's a question from the audience.
inPe4wT5gSA-01000-00246102-00246446 So I'm interested to hear your thoughts on the Metaverse
inPe4wT5gSA-01001-00246446-00246714 and how you envision it playing a part in both physical
inPe4wT5gSA-01002-00246714-00246864 and digital retail experience.
inPe4wT5gSA-01003-00246864-00246981 I think it's an interesting question
inPe4wT5gSA-01004-00246981-00247134 given that I think Facebook is
inPe4wT5gSA-01005-00247134-00247329 (computer chiming)
inPe4wT5gSA-01006-00247329-00247569 some of their kind of initial investment in Metaverse.
inPe4wT5gSA-01007-00247569-00247871 So who wants to take that question first?
inPe4wT5gSA-01008-00247871-00248103 Webb, I'm gonna pick you first.
inPe4wT5gSA-01009-00248103-00248311 The Metaverse, is it something-
inPe4wT5gSA-01010-00248311-00248742 - I, honestly, like for the kids market right now,
inPe4wT5gSA-01011-00248742-00249057 I don't think that there's much that we are looking to do
inPe4wT5gSA-01012-00249057-00249147 in the Metaverse.
inPe4wT5gSA-01013-00249276-00249444 That this might be an unpopular opinion,
inPe4wT5gSA-01014-00249444-00249594 but I kind of think the Metaverse has been
inPe4wT5gSA-01015-00249594-00249767 a little bit overhyped.
inPe4wT5gSA-01016-00249767-00250209 And for us with our product at Playper,
inPe4wT5gSA-01017-00250209-00250503 it's just not something that we have really factored into
inPe4wT5gSA-01018-00250503-00250694 our product direction at this point in time.
inPe4wT5gSA-01019-00250694-00251021 So, we'll keep an eye on it and keep kind of tracking it,
inPe4wT5gSA-01020-00251021-00251208 but I don't think it's,
inPe4wT5gSA-01021-00251331-00251577 doesn't have a whole lot of bearing on us right now.
inPe4wT5gSA-01022-00251577-00251800 - Yeah, I think the (indistinct) probably agrees with you
inPe4wT5gSA-01023-00251800-00252021 given the shifts they've made recently.
inPe4wT5gSA-01024-00252021-00252279 James, any kind of Metaverse thoughts?
inPe4wT5gSA-01025-00252279-00252531 - No, I would just agree with what Webb said as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-01026-00252531-00252684 It's not really an area of interest for us
inPe4wT5gSA-01027-00252684-00252834 too much at this point in time.
inPe4wT5gSA-01028-00252834-00252954 Not to say won't be in the future,
inPe4wT5gSA-01029-00252954-00253221 but I do think it was a lot of hype at the moment,
inPe4wT5gSA-01030-00253221-00253515 and we're in the type of industry
inPe4wT5gSA-01031-00253515-00253641 that's definitely slow moving,
inPe4wT5gSA-01032-00253641-00253923 and we're not a tech side of the business.
inPe4wT5gSA-01033-00253923-00254211 So certainly we are kind of catching up on trends as we go
inPe4wT5gSA-01034-00254211-00254304 and learning,
inPe4wT5gSA-01035-00254304-00254508 but I don't think it's anything for us at the moment
inPe4wT5gSA-01036-00254508-00254727 that we are looking to invest in.
inPe4wT5gSA-01037-00254727-00254889 - Yeah, for sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-01038-00254889-00255062 So this is a great question.
inPe4wT5gSA-01039-00255062-00255219 Do you have many advice for folks in the audience
inPe4wT5gSA-01040-00255219-00255477 as to how do you know that your digital offers
inPe4wT5gSA-01041-00255477-00255671 are enhancing your product experience
inPe4wT5gSA-01042-00255671-00255894 instead of being kind of confusing
inPe4wT5gSA-01043-00255894-00256044 or having a different message?
inPe4wT5gSA-01044-00256275-00256542 - Sure, I can start off with that I think.
inPe4wT5gSA-01045-00256542-00256725 Everything go for us goes back to our history.
inPe4wT5gSA-01046-00256725-00256869 So that's really our North star.
inPe4wT5gSA-01047-00256869-00257034 So if we're on brand with that
inPe4wT5gSA-01048-00257034-00257217 and on point with talking about the rich history
inPe4wT5gSA-01049-00257217-00257508 of our brands and kind of translating that into social
inPe4wT5gSA-01050-00257508-00257862 in a more modern way, then I think that we're doing our job.
inPe4wT5gSA-01051-00258023-00258264 That's probably easier said than done,
inPe4wT5gSA-01052-00258264-00258489 but certainly trying to reach the younger
inPe4wT5gSA-01053-00258489-00258636 legal drinking age, like we just mentioned,
inPe4wT5gSA-01054-00258636-00258915 coming into the space is certainly challenging for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-01055-00258915-00259266 But certainly, we lean into the history of our brands
inPe4wT5gSA-01056-00259266-00259464 and brands that have been around
inPe4wT5gSA-01057-00259464-00259602 for hundreds of years, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-01058-00259602-00259817 So as long as we're telling that story
inPe4wT5gSA-01059-00259817-00260034 and continue to tell that message in a new and exciting way,
inPe4wT5gSA-01060-00260034-00260289 I think that's the best path forward for us.
inPe4wT5gSA-01061-00260289-00260439 - Yeah, that makes sense.
inPe4wT5gSA-01062-00260439-00260573 Webb, do you have any advice to make sure
inPe4wT5gSA-01063-00260573-00260811 that that message is kind of on brands consistent
inPe4wT5gSA-01064-00260811-00260901 and not confusing?
inPe4wT5gSA-01065-00261036-00261288 - Yeah, I think it's just a matter of getting the product
inPe4wT5gSA-01066-00261288-00261456 into people's hands as much as possible.
inPe4wT5gSA-01067-00261456-00261719 Doing as much product testing, focus group testing.
inPe4wT5gSA-01068-00261719-00261858 Like you never know how your product
inPe4wT5gSA-01069-00261858-00261969 is actually going to be used
inPe4wT5gSA-01070-00261969-00262179 until people actually start playing with it
inPe4wT5gSA-01071-00262179-00262452 and experiencing it for themselves.
inPe4wT5gSA-01072-00262452-00262569 When we were launching our company,
inPe4wT5gSA-01073-00262569-00262938 we gave away our product to 350 people or families,
inPe4wT5gSA-01074-00262938-00263271 and the way that they experienced our product
inPe4wT5gSA-01075-00263271-00263451 was different than how we had imagined it.
inPe4wT5gSA-01076-00263451-00263718 And so I think for us it's just a matter of kind of
inPe4wT5gSA-01077-00263718-00264018 getting it out there and then seeing what people do with it.
inPe4wT5gSA-01078-00264111-00264194 - That's a great point too.
inPe4wT5gSA-01079-00264194-00264282 Just to add on for us too,
inPe4wT5gSA-01080-00264282-00264570 we do spend a lot of time talking to bartenders
inPe4wT5gSA-01081-00264570-00264705 really to understand how our product's
inPe4wT5gSA-01082-00264705-00264804 being used in that space
inPe4wT5gSA-01083-00264804-00265167 because typically, pre-pandemic, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-01084-00265167-00265545 on trade really drove the trends that you would start to see
inPe4wT5gSA-01085-00265545-00265821 in off trade or in off-premise,
inPe4wT5gSA-01086-00265821-00266049 and that's getting back there again and certainly.
inPe4wT5gSA-01087-00266049-00266309 So we're trying to stay as much on the
inPe4wT5gSA-01088-00266309-00266475 tip of the spear as we can with folks,
inPe4wT5gSA-01089-00266475-00266619 but really talking to bartenders
inPe4wT5gSA-01090-00266619-00266986 and understanding how consumers are consuming our product,
inPe4wT5gSA-01091-00266986-00267256 that's just a great feedback loop for us to have as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-01092-00267256-00267366 - Yeah, that's great.
inPe4wT5gSA-01093-00267366-00267510 My brother manages a bar in London,
inPe4wT5gSA-01094-00267510-00267642 and I'm always fascinated to hear
inPe4wT5gSA-01095-00267642-00267882 kind of what the latest trends are.
inPe4wT5gSA-01096-00267882-00268191 Fanta and Vodka seems to be the latest thing in London,
inPe4wT5gSA-01097-00268191-00268335 as well as flavored gins.
inPe4wT5gSA-01098-00268422-00268737 - That's- (Katie laughs)
inPe4wT5gSA-01099-00268737-00269049 - So another question we have here is,
inPe4wT5gSA-01100-00269049-00269409 oh, which staple items do you think people are gonna
inPe4wT5gSA-01101-00269409-00269571 always purchase in stores?
inPe4wT5gSA-01102-00270297-00270380 I could probably start.
inPe4wT5gSA-01103-00270380-00270534 For me, it's a can of Red Bull
inPe4wT5gSA-01104-00270534-00270717 on the way to the train station every morning.
inPe4wT5gSA-01105-00270717-00270852 I will always buy that in store.
inPe4wT5gSA-01106-00270852-00270972 I don't want a mass delivery.
inPe4wT5gSA-01107-00270972-00271068 I like my little ritual.
inPe4wT5gSA-01108-00271068-00271261 Go to the store, get on the train.
inPe4wT5gSA-01109-00271261-00271461 (Katie chuckles) So for me it's a can of Red Bull.
inPe4wT5gSA-01110-00271666-00271833 - I was gonna say things that are more ritualistic to me
inPe4wT5gSA-01111-00271833-00272031 like grabbing a coffee in the morning
inPe4wT5gSA-01112-00272031-00272334 or things that you want for immediate consumption
inPe4wT5gSA-01113-00272334-00272637 are probably grab and go type things, convenience.
inPe4wT5gSA-01114-00272637-00272922 We're seeing a ton of growth in the convenience channel,
inPe4wT5gSA-01115-00272922-00273147 especially in the adult beverage.
inPe4wT5gSA-01116-00273147-00273390 And we've just seen convenience grow I think overall, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-01117-00273390-00273477 through the pandemic,
inPe4wT5gSA-01118-00273477-00273662 and they're trying to play that place
inPe4wT5gSA-01119-00273792-00273951 kind of as a destination as well.
inPe4wT5gSA-01120-00273951-00274275 So I think grab and go kind of immediate consumption.
inPe4wT5gSA-01121-00274428-00274629 I'm still in the clothing camp as well,
inPe4wT5gSA-01122-00274629-00274851 still like to kinda try and touch and feel, right,
inPe4wT5gSA-01123-00274851-00275016 the hand to fabric as they kinda call it,
inPe4wT5gSA-01124-00275016-00275214 as you kind of walk around a store.
inPe4wT5gSA-01125-00275214-00275565 And I know there's so many options to order
inPe4wT5gSA-01126-00275565-00275649 and send things back,
inPe4wT5gSA-01127-00275649-00275913 but the hassle of that seems a little bit
inPe4wT5gSA-01128-00275913-00276129 as a difficult entry point.
inPe4wT5gSA-01129-00276231-00276525 I do use kind of try on before you buy on Amazon
inPe4wT5gSA-01130-00276525-00276696 for a lot of things for my son,
inPe4wT5gSA-01131-00276696-00277023 but still, you still have to make a trip to go back
inPe4wT5gSA-01132-00277023-00277233 or find a way to get that product back if you don't use it.
inPe4wT5gSA-01133-00277233-00277479 So I'd rather just go and know
inPe4wT5gSA-01134-00277479-00277816 and not have to deal with the hassle of doing a return.
inPe4wT5gSA-01135-00277927-00278109 - Yeah, somebody in our audience actually mentioned
inPe4wT5gSA-01136-00278109-00278415 custom closing and being able to be measured.
inPe4wT5gSA-01137-00278415-00278589 I would recommend that person to check out
inPe4wT5gSA-01138-00278589-00278742 that Nike store we mentioned earlier
inPe4wT5gSA-01139-00278742-00278937 'cause they do do a kind of virtual bra fitting
inPe4wT5gSA-01140-00278937-00279093 for sports bras.
inPe4wT5gSA-01141-00279093-00279396 And I've seen definitely some other examples of that.
inPe4wT5gSA-01142-00279396-00279602 I'm trying to remember the name of the brand
inPe4wT5gSA-01143-00279602-00279780 where they can come do a digital measurement
inPe4wT5gSA-01144-00279780-00280035 to help order clothes online.
inPe4wT5gSA-01145-00280035-00280152 Webb, what are your thoughts?
inPe4wT5gSA-01146-00280152-00280269 - Yeah, I- - Yeah, go ahead.
inPe4wT5gSA-01147-00280269-00280530 - Yeah, I was just gonna say, I agree with James.
inPe4wT5gSA-01148-00280530-00280740 I think that for me personally,
inPe4wT5gSA-01149-00280740-00280953 clothes have been something that I've had
inPe4wT5gSA-01150-00280953-00281109 a challenge with getting right.
inPe4wT5gSA-01151-00281109-00281205 Trying to shop online,
inPe4wT5gSA-01152-00281205-00281415 that often ends up not to be the right size,
inPe4wT5gSA-01153-00281415-00281652 or not the right fit, or feel, or whatever.
inPe4wT5gSA-01154-00281652-00282012 So for me personally, that that's something that I tend to
inPe4wT5gSA-01155-00282012-00282243 prefer to shop in-person for.
inPe4wT5gSA-01156-00282243-00282387 And then, this is kind of ironic,
inPe4wT5gSA-01157-00282387-00282579 considering Amazon started with books,
inPe4wT5gSA-01158-00282579-00282834 but I love to shop for books in-person.
inPe4wT5gSA-01159-00282834-00283116 I love going to the bookstore, especially for kids books.
inPe4wT5gSA-01160-00283116-00283254 Sorry that so much of my conversation
inPe4wT5gSA-01161-00283254-00283395 goes back to kids here.
inPe4wT5gSA-01162-00283395-00283605 But I love browsing kids.
inPe4wT5gSA-01163-00283734-00283878 Children's books are so much fun
inPe4wT5gSA-01164-00283878-00284037 just to flip through in-person.
inPe4wT5gSA-01165-00284037-00284397 So I'm a big fan of Barnes and Noble and places like that
inPe4wT5gSA-01166-00284397-00284685 where you can shop for books in-person.
inPe4wT5gSA-01167-00284685-00284856 - Yeah, it comes back to that experience, right?
inPe4wT5gSA-01168-00284856-00285099 They have the coffee shop, and the soft chairs,
inPe4wT5gSA-01169-00285099-00285182 and the smell.
inPe4wT5gSA-01170-00285182-00285381 It's like the smell of books that you also kind of-
inPe4wT5gSA-01171-00285381-00285673 - Yeah. - Can miss in that also.
inPe4wT5gSA-01172-00285673-00285768 - For sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-01173-00285768-00285915 - Awesome.
inPe4wT5gSA-01174-00285915-00286194 All right, well that about wraps up all of the questions
inPe4wT5gSA-01175-00286194-00286320 from the audience.
inPe4wT5gSA-01176-00286320-00286602 So I wanna thank both James and Webb for doing
inPe4wT5gSA-01177-00286602-00286685 an amazing job.
inPe4wT5gSA-01178-00286685-00286944 We could've chatted for hours, I'm sure.
inPe4wT5gSA-01179-00286944-00287034 And for anybody in the audience,
inPe4wT5gSA-01180-00287034-00287358 please feel free to reach out to us here at Suzy
inPe4wT5gSA-01181-00287358-00287638 to ask any more questions about phygital
inPe4wT5gSA-01182-00287638-00287904 or all things online research.
inPe4wT5gSA-01183-00287904-00288156 All right, folks, have a fantastic rest of the day.
inPe4wT5gSA-01184-00288156-00288239 Thank you.
inPe4wT5gSA-01185-00288391-00288477 - Okay, bye.
inah0JKBC48-00000-00000000-00000200 Relaxing Sleep Music • Deep Sleeping Music, Relaxing Music, Stress Relief, Meditation Music
j13vCFqfooy-00000-00000059-00000381 This is the picture I am going to use for my image map.
j13vCFqfooy-00001-00000381-00000934 It is a .png file, and I've opened it in Paint so that I can identify the X and Y positions
j13vCFqfooy-00002-00000934-00001282 for placing rectangles to mark the hotspots.
j13vCFqfooy-00003-00001282-00001525 Remember that the top left hand corner is 0, 0.
j13vCFqfooy-00004-00001525-00002232 If you look down at the bottom left of my screen you'll see that I'm approximately...right
j13vCFqfooy-00005-00002232-00002900 now I'm at 0, 0 and as I move right, the first number, the X value increases and as I move
j13vCFqfooy-00006-00002900-00003143 down, the Y values increases.
j13vCFqfooy-00007-00003143-00003664 I want to mark this air vent that's about in the middle of the screen, so I'll position
j13vCFqfooy-00008-00003664-00004030 the cursor at what I think is about the top left corner.
j13vCFqfooy-00009-00004030-00004262 Now we'll call that 595, 190.
j13vCFqfooy-00010-00004262-00004933 Oh, but it looks like brushes is selected and since I don't want to paint on this picture,
j13vCFqfooy-00011-00004933-00005352 I need to come over here and grab the selection rectangle.
j13vCFqfooy-00012-00005352-00005687 Come back over here, 595, 190.
j13vCFqfooy-00013-00005687-00006065 I'll draw a rectangle around it.
j13vCFqfooy-00014-00006065-00006217 That's pretty good.
j13vCFqfooy-00015-00006217-00007000 And, if you look at that second set of numbers, it's about 100, 105—something like that...now
j13vCFqfooy-00016-00007000-00007173 it is.
j13vCFqfooy-00017-00007173-00007795 And that's the rectangle, so I'm going to write down those numbers real quickly so I
j13vCFqfooy-00018-00007795-00008302 can use them in the constructor for my rectangle.
j13vCFqfooy-00019-00008302-00009638 Anyway, now that I know that, I can close this, and I will open up my program.
j13vCFqfooy-00020-00009638-00009814 I need to create a rectangle.
j13vCFqfooy-00021-00009814-00009981 I have one for the horn already.
j13vCFqfooy-00022-00009981-00010406 I am going to make a new instance variable.
j13vCFqfooy-00023-00010406-00011089 The type will be Rectangle and I will call it vent.
j13vCFqfooy-00024-00011089-00012139 I'm going to instantiate it in the init method and here's where I would use those numbers
j13vCFqfooy-00025-00012139-00012279 that I wrote down.
j13vCFqfooy-00026-00012279-00012957 And I might be a little off but close enough I think.
j13vCFqfooy-00027-00012957-00013832 And then finally, I'd need to check to see if that new rectangle contains the mouse.
j13vCFqfooy-00028-00013832-00014141 I'll put it right here.
j13vCFqfooy-00029-00014141-00015232 If vent contains...and this is a MouseEvent parameter in the mouseMove method so I need
j13vCFqfooy-00030-00015232-00016579 to get the X and the Y and if the code is there than I want to set the label called
j13vCFqfooy-00031-00016579-00017842 status its text to say "air vent" and otherwise will be on the steering wheel or it will say
j13vCFqfooy-00032-00017842-00017958 point something.
j13vCFqfooy-00033-00017958-00018212 Let's see if it compiles.
j13vCFqfooy-00034-00018212-00018688 No, cannot find symbol variable met.
j13vCFqfooy-00035-00018688-00018933 Oh, typo.
j13vCFqfooy-00036-00018933-00019045 And try it again.
j13vCFqfooy-00037-00019045-00019201 There we go.
j13vCFqfooy-00038-00019201-00019745 And now when I run the program here is my steering wheel.
j13vCFqfooy-00039-00019745-00019978 It says "point to something."
j13vCFqfooy-00040-00019978-00020504 When I point to the air vent, it says air vent up here at the top.
j13vCFqfooy-00041-00020504-00021026 Steering wheel, horn, air vent.
j13vCFqfooy-00042-00021026-00021267 And that's how you make an image map!
j13vCFqfooy-00043-00021267-00021765 But remember that label text is just one way to respond to the event.
j13vCFqfooy-00044-00021765-00021901 See how creative you can be.
j4ITtL6Y-sQ-00000-00000000-00000200 King Arthur Knight's Tale RTX 3070 Ti Gameplay
j7jcNS_rBLy-00000-00001211-00001631 It's good to have good ventilation, this means you get as much of air from outside,
j7jcNS_rBLy-00001-00001631-00001971 mix it inside the cabin and then flush it out.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00002-00001971-00002282 So some of the ways in which this can be done are by
j7jcNS_rBLy-00003-00002282-00002682 either having the heating system which takes in fresh air from outside
j7jcNS_rBLy-00004-00002682-00002966 and then have a window through which it can be flushed out.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00005-00002966-00003163 Another way is to have windows open.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00006-00003163-00003530 So the benefit of having windows open is that if you are riding at
j7jcNS_rBLy-00007-00003530-00004264 20 miles an hour or faster, then you can flush out a lot of air just by the speed of the car.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00008-00004264-00004731 So as compared to just having the heating or air conditioning on
j7jcNS_rBLy-00009-00004731-00005168 this mode of having windows open allows to flush more air out
j7jcNS_rBLy-00010-00005535-00006026 the best configuration we think is to have all windows open, and if possible, fully open.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00011-00006026-00006433 If this is not practical, then it would be good to have two windows open
j7jcNS_rBLy-00012-00006433-00006993 and preferably have one of the windows to be  on the rear, and one of the windows to be on the front.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00013-00006993-00007300 What we found out from computer simulations is that
j7jcNS_rBLy-00014-00007300-00007957 the air enters through the rear window, turns around behind the rear passenger and exits through the front window.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00015-00007957-00008178 In this process, you are able to flush out
j7jcNS_rBLy-00016-00008178-00008722 many of these aerosol particles inside the cabin.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00017-00009005-00009736 So if you want to have barriers as is the case with many taxis and Uber and Lyft rides,
j7jcNS_rBLy-00018-00009736-00010316 you can inhibit, you can reduce the transmission through larger droplets.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00019-00010316-00011024 By larger droplets I mean submillimeter sized droplets but still larger than five microns or so.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00020-00011024-00011584 And these are the kinds of droplets that you release when you cough, or sneeze or talk loudly.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00021-00011584-00011955 So having barriers does help against that.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00022-00011955-00012549 Decontaminating surfaces helps against the fomite transmission.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00023-00012549-00013113 And the third mode of transmission which is  airborne would not be limited too much by these barriers,
j7jcNS_rBLy-00024-00013113-00013483 because there's always gaps and holes in barriers
j7jcNS_rBLy-00025-00013483-00013737 and you can still get air passing through them.
j7jcNS_rBLy-00026-00013737-00013963 So that's why we think about this.
jtJDjETT188-00000-00000350-00000836 Is here a hot place for the small octopus?
jtJDjETT188-00001-00000936-00001156 I couldn’t even say ‘tasty’ yet……
jtJDjETT188-00002-00001442-00001605 Hello. This is KwangSu-Seong.
jtJDjETT188-00003-00001662-00002130 I found out a tasty restaurant in Ganghwado by chance
jtJDjETT188-00004-00002164-00002516 I’m here to introduce that place
jtJDjETT188-00005-00002556-00003014 And this place as well. If you pass by, there are rarely tasty places in Ganghwado.
jtJDjETT188-00006-00003074-00003274 It’s a hidden place!
jtJDjETT188-00007-00003304-00003529 Even though I visit Ganghwado frequently,
jtJDjETT188-00008-00003579-00003974 I go by this place just seeing the sign from the road.
jtJDjETT188-00009-00004011-00004326 So for the subscribers of Kwangju TV,
jtJDjETT188-00010-00004358-00004624 I introduce a tasty restautant in Ganghwado.
jtJDjETT188-00011-00004684-00004918 Let’s come and see this hidden hot spot!
jtJDjETT188-00012-00004988-00005362 Free Gourmet / Mt. Mani on Ganghwa Island Blue Crab and Small Octopus  Spicy Blue Crab Stew& Stir-fried Octopus
jtJDjETT188-00013-00005682-00005930 Here, the old lady(chef) makes the picked veggies so well~
jtJDjETT188-00014-00006012-00006230 This is a pickled Japanese apricot!
jtJDjETT188-00015-00006274-00006620 Here’s side dishes like picked veggies are so good
jtJDjETT188-00016-00006666-00007008 This is dried persimmon, picked dried persimmon.
jtJDjETT188-00017-00007736-00007914 - Red pepper paste must be good as well!
jtJDjETT188-00018-00008009-00008210 I'm here to present you with a great deal of taste buds.
jtJDjETT188-00019-00008446-00008926 - It’s so tasty. I can finished the freshly cooked rice only with this.
jtJDjETT188-00020-00009064-00009454 Really / Sweet and salty
jtJDjETT188-00021-00009520-00009862 I think it’s home-made / The red pepper paste is awesome
jtJDjETT188-00022-00010202-00010512 Mixed red pepper paste is so tasty
jtJDjETT188-00023-00011106-00011434 Wow~ pumpkin pancake served right after it baked.
jtJDjETT188-00024-00011532-00011878 The smell is so~ wow it brings the water to my mouth.
jtJDjETT188-00025-00011998-00012462 As expected! I will have a bite.
jtJDjETT188-00026-00012560-00013012 When is the pancake tasty? / When it is freshly baked, just cooked
jtJDjETT188-00027-00013534-00013734 - Really tasty~
jtJDjETT188-00028-00013884-00014252 - Hm~ it tastes like veggie pancake. Fried veggies!
jtJDjETT188-00029-00014328-00014754 - The fried vegetables served at old stir-fried rice cake restaurant! It became a pancake!
jtJDjETT188-00030-00014780-00014922 The exact expressiveness like Taste-Chelin!
jtJDjETT188-00031-00014969-00015152 Veggie pancake with lots of pumpkin
jtJDjETT188-00032-00015178-00015347 Wow just a good expressiveness! / - Uh~ really tasty!
jtJDjETT188-00033-00015402-00015674 - And there’s lots of hot peppers not to make it cheesy
jtJDjETT188-00034-00015706-00015906 - It’s so spicy! Dry!
jtJDjETT188-00035-00015984-00016260 My wife’s expressiveness is! Wow~~
jtJDjETT188-00036-00016319-00016560 (Thank you / The last is cut)
jtJDjETT188-00037-00016626-00016844 Sound! Listen to the sound
jtJDjETT188-00038-00017388-00017544 So well….(baked)
jtJDjETT188-00039-00018054-00018408 If it is served in Seoul as side dishes or stuff
jtJDjETT188-00040-00018444-00018644 It costs around 15,000~18,000won!
jtJDjETT188-00041-00018696-00018896 - I feel like drinking raw rice with, huh?
jtJDjETT188-00042-00018964-00019164 I really want to drink raw rice wine!
jtJDjETT188-00043-00019202-00019358 A pumpkin pancake tastes like fried veggies which makes me want to drink raw rice wine
jtJDjETT188-00044-00019432-00019610 Finally the master’s appearance!
jtJDjETT188-00045-00019856-00020056 Ah! Let me cut
jtJDjETT188-00046-00020552-00020742 Look at the think small octopus!
jtJDjETT188-00047-00020742-00020904 WOW / WOW
jtJDjETT188-00048-00021292-00021628 First I’ve got to taste it first with raw
jtJDjETT188-00049-00021710-00021910 store owner : No need to mention but it’s from Korea~
jtJDjETT188-00050-00021910-00022006 Is this homegrown?
jtJDjETT188-00051-00022054-00022254 Yay~so big!
jtJDjETT188-00052-00023002-00023254 It tastes like sesame!
jtJDjETT188-00053-00023516-00023784 store owner : It has to be hot to hold! / Let me hold
jtJDjETT188-00054-00024170-00024390 store owner : I can’t cut! It should be cooked to be cut! / (Being punished)
jtJDjETT188-00055-00024744-00025106 Small octopus which seems like octopus
jtJDjETT188-00056-00026038-00026180 Ya~ loot at this moving!
jtJDjETT188-00057-00026233-00026433 There is no place serves stir-fried small octopus like this
jtJDjETT188-00058-00026792-00026992 The sound of dying small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00059-00027050-00027264 Stir-fried small octopus ASMR / R.I.P for the small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00060-00027326-00027439 When you see the comedians,
jtJDjETT188-00061-00027494-00027694 they express the small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00062-00027736-00028110 like this! This like that at the moment!
jtJDjETT188-00063-00028204-00028732 Small octopus is really big! / - So huge!
jtJDjETT188-00064-00028786-00028962 I introduce Watery Kimchi which was served afterwards
jtJDjETT188-00065-00029014-00029283 Look at this Watery Kimchi!
jtJDjETT188-00066-00029438-00029722 It’s stuffed so!so!so! much!
jtJDjETT188-00067-00030598-00031120 Pear, radish, cucumber, carrots are stuffed to the Watery Kimchi
jtJDjETT188-00068-00031224-00031383 there is starch in the soup.
jtJDjETT188-00069-00031686-00031989 The soup became sticky, sticky!
jtJDjETT188-00070-00032160-00032582 Today, the master cooked rice with beans
jtJDjETT188-00071-00033244-00033796 The small octopus is being cooked nicely!
jtJDjETT188-00072-00033852-00034094 No-makeup master since we entered into suddenly
jtJDjETT188-00073-00034204-00034332 Stil pretty!
jtJDjETT188-00074-00034380-00034536 Let me change you with Photoshop!
jtJDjETT188-00075-00034802-00034908 I apologize, master (I am not able to yet)
jtJDjETT188-00076-00035014-00035598 The master is running this business for 23 years
jtJDjETT188-00077-00035742-00035890 You’ve been doing business here?
jtJDjETT188-00078-00037018-00037282 Well let me eat first
jtJDjETT188-00079-00037842-00038122 The small octopus makes me feel good just to loot at it
jtJDjETT188-00080-00038724-00039390 Tasty Stir-fried small octopus restaurant at a same spot for 23 years! Still open!
jtJDjETT188-00081-00039492-00039822 store owner : Delicious? Small octopus! / Tasty!
jtJDjETT188-00082-00039888-00040204 Since it is so big,
jtJDjETT188-00083-00040312-00040548 it bounces in the mouth, for real!
jtJDjETT188-00084-00040618-00040954 When it’s overcooked, then it’s not tasty
jtJDjETT188-00085-00041008-00041266 It has to be cooked properly and it should be eaten at right time
jtJDjETT188-00086-00041328-00041504 - She says turn off the fire to eat
jtJDjETT188-00087-00041530-00041690 - These vegetables as well,
jtJDjETT188-00088-00041840-00042136 - they are not overly cooked so the texture is good
jtJDjETT188-00089-00042252-00042534 Tasty! Delicious! I can repeat this
jtJDjETT188-00090-00042574-00042892 since I speak the same words a lot
jtJDjETT188-00091-00043178-00043740 Spicy blue crab stew
jtJDjETT188-00092-00043904-00044416 There is a famous spicy blue crab stew restaurant in Ganghwado
jtJDjETT188-00093-00044496-00044742 We visited there and tasted it,
jtJDjETT188-00094-00044792-00045134 and we thought “it’s not good…” so we found this place
jtJDjETT188-00095-00045174-00045314 This place is much better
jtJDjETT188-00096-00045390-00045732 The famous places, my wife mentioned them before,
jtJDjETT188-00097-00045788-00045888 With blue crab
jtJDjETT188-00098-00045916-00046256 - Full load of fish with blue crab with small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00099-00046288-00046560 - is the most famous restaurant in Ganghwado
jtJDjETT188-00100-00046654-00047058 - But this place is Blue crab and small octopus, (the people) only know Blue crab with small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00101-00047128-00047486 - I searched for this place as well but I only found (Full load of fish)Blue crab with small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00102-00047518-00047662 - but there’s no Blue crab and small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00103-00047816-00048358 I barely found it. And the master of this place asked me how / I found this place, she herself can’t find / it since there’s no post on the Blog
jtJDjETT188-00104-00048634-00048958 So this is hidden tasty place, you can see
jtJDjETT188-00105-00049004-00049220 But this is located on the road you pass by!
jtJDjETT188-00106-00049284-00049544 And it’s a bit inside,
jtJDjETT188-00107-00049570-00049912 It’s not seen easily and they don’t advertise much
jtJDjETT188-00108-00049926-00050094 - So the locals come and eat
jtJDjETT188-00109-00050122-00050322 And the locals, this place, right?
jtJDjETT188-00110-00050366-00050674 When the locals come, it’s more tasty
jtJDjETT188-00111-00050736-00051096 If we come to play at Ganghwado we drink all night
jtJDjETT188-00112-00051142-00051644 then around 2 o’clock we come to this place for the hangover.
jtJDjETT188-00113-00051894-00052354 Let me try the soup first
jtJDjETT188-00114-00053162-00053536 The sound must be heard! The sound!
jtJDjETT188-00115-00053636-00054314 Spicy blue crab stew ASMR
jtJDjETT188-00116-00054396-00054550 Let me try the soup once
jtJDjETT188-00117-00054650-00054928 The soup is the most important! When it comes to the stew~
jtJDjETT188-00118-00055022-00055222 With the stew, the soup is really, the most important.
jtJDjETT188-00119-00055570-00055770 It’s thick! Really deep!
jtJDjETT188-00120-00056070-00056270 - So spicy?
jtJDjETT188-00121-00056584-00056922 It’s well seasoned and spicy
jtJDjETT188-00122-00057002-00057244 this is so tasty.
jtJDjETT188-00123-00057474-00057876 It’s good for hangover / -It even looks like it
jtJDjETT188-00124-00058124-00058324 - The soup is alright?
jtJDjETT188-00125-00058370-00058524 So nice! Fantastic!
jtJDjETT188-00126-00058617-00058900 Hm~ really! Master is the top!
jtJDjETT188-00127-00059290-00059705 Wow~ there’s no need to say something
jtJDjETT188-00128-00059804-00060090 Look at the blue crab here
jtJDjETT188-00129-00060284-00060432 It’s so thick and fat
jtJDjETT188-00130-00060500-00060712 The master said that the fat crab has to be used
jtJDjETT188-00131-00060816-00061060 for the deep soup taste.
jtJDjETT188-00132-00061216-00061436 Look at this, so fat!
jtJDjETT188-00133-00061894-00062288 Overuse of exclamation~ Um~Um~Um~
jtJDjETT188-00134-00063258-00063682 Hot! Really delicious!
jtJDjETT188-00135-00064452-00064758 Egg! Egg! (of blue crab)
jtJDjETT188-00136-00065178-00065724 My acquaintances must come and visit this place quickly!
jtJDjETT188-00137-00065760-00066320 No need for a word! You should come and taste then you would know.
jtJDjETT188-00138-00066320-00066446 - It’s the right taste! Right now!
jtJDjETT188-00139-00066446-00066618 It’s well seasoned right now! / - Uh~ now it’s so tasty!
jtJDjETT188-00140-00066790-00066922 - It tastes very clear.
jtJDjETT188-00141-00066922-00066990 - Tastes so neat!
jtJDjETT188-00142-00067022-00067154 It doesn’t taste stale but clear.
jtJDjETT188-00143-00067180-00067312 - Uh~ so delicious!
jtJDjETT188-00144-00067638-00068214 If you come Ganghwado, I recommend this place to eat
jtJDjETT188-00145-00068264-00068660 It’s not Blue crab with small octopus, but Blue crab and small octopus / Check the location and information at ‘View more’
jtJDjETT188-00146-00068714-00068996 You must remember the Blue crab and small octopus
jtJDjETT188-00147-00068996-00069148 since it can be confusing!
jtJDjETT188-00148-00069202-00069710 And next time as well, I will introduce you the hidden tasty places.
jtJDjETT188-00149-00069762-00070384 If you enjoyed the video, I ask you the subscription and Likes.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00000-00000052-00000704 Would you please be so kind to introduce yourself to the audience of the Nexus Institute?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00001-00000708-00000939 Where do you come from?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00002-00000946-00001416 What is your background?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00003-00001424-00001798 Thanks so much Rob, it is a pleasure to be here with you.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00004-00001805-00001946 I am an American philosopher.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00005-00001970-00002696 My degrees are from Stanford and from Harvard where I worked with people like John Rawls,
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00006-00002696-00002912 Robert Nozick and Tim Scanlon.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00007-00002914-00003250 The great days of Harvard philosophy.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00008-00003250-00003846 My career has been in Britain and I am now the Chair of Philosophy and Law at King's
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00009-00003856-00003982 College London School of Law.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00010-00003988-00004586 Being here at the heart of Silicon Valley... will Silicon Valley be a part of the problem
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00011-00004618-00005124 or a part of the solution when it comes down to the question 'What will save the world?'?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00012-00005140-00005367 Humanity is moving from its old problems to its new.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00013-00005568-00005777 The old problems were crises of ignorance.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00014-00005892-00006380 We did not understand the world well enough to manipulate it and to solve our problems.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00015-00006536-00007106 300 years ago, we did not understand the plague. It wiped out a third, half of cities all over the world.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00016-00007118-00007798 Now we understand those kinds of problems. Ignorance no longer plagues us.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00017-00007816-00008480 Our new problems are not crises of ignorance. They are crises of our own invention.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00018-00008480-00009736 Our computers are so powerful, so present and so sapient we can hardly keep anything from them anymore.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00019-00009746-00010946 Our weapons are so mighty, so devastating, they threaten human life on the earth. Even climate change is a crisis of invention.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00020-00010946-00012120 All of these machines that we build, this smoke coming off. All these people living longer, eating better, travelling more to see the world, to see each other.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00021-00012158-00012774 Is it not poignant that our inventions start avalanching into this mortal danger
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00022-00012828-00013422 that might really be problems for our grandchildren. Those are the crises of invention.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00023-00013546-00014444 The hard things about the new crises are the bads, so tightly wound up with the goods.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00024-00014444-00015446 How can we keep all the blessings of our technology and our industry while not allowing them to threaten our very way of life?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00025-00015488-00016378 How does that relate to the title of your new book? I read it with great pleasure: 'Blood Oil'.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00026-00016588-00017500 There's a strange thing about our world: natural resources, which should be a blessing, are in so many places a curse.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00027-00017604-00018312 There is one statistic to sum it up. Think of all the progress the developing world has made in the last generation
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00028-00018320-00019274 China, India, even Africa is doing so much better - except the countries that have oil.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00029-00019328-00020242 Countries that have oil are no richer, no freer, no more peaceful than they were even in 1980.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00030-00020258-00020860 That is shocking. You could think of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Sudan...
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00031-00020876-00021048 Saudi Arabia.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00032-00021068-00022278 All of these countries are cursed by oil. And that is because of one very old, very bad rule from the past which we have not reformed yet.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00033-00022278-00023570 The rule that basically says: for oil, might makes right. Whoever can control oil by force these days, our law says: we buy it from them.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00034-00023570-00024396 So, when Khadaffi took over Libia a long time ago, the world started to buying oil from him.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00035-00024420-00025308 And than years later, when rebel groups took over the same wells from Khadaffi, it became legal for all of us to buy from the rebels.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00036-00025340-00026460 The rule says that whoever has the most guns will get a huge amount of money from the world and that money gives them absolute power.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00037-00026476-00026908 Money comes in with no strings attached, it never has to be paid back.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00038-00026908-00027676 Of course the power is unavailable to the people of the country who have to watch while their resources are sold off to the world.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00039-00027736-00028425 That money comes in and if it goes to rebels or to armed groups, they can use it to buy more weapons
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00040-00028448-00029200 If it goes to an authority, the authority can use it to buy muscle and loyalty to stay in power.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00041-00029272-00029888 And if it is the Saudis who get the world's money for oil, they use that money to
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00042-00029888-00030632 spread their extreme, intolerant version of Islam around the world and that is the version of Islam that we now see.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00043-00030680-00031536 Mutated into jihadi violence, not only in the Middle East and Asia but also in Europe and maybe even here in America.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00044-00031583-00032326 Does this also explain how it is possible that on the one hand Saudi Arabia
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00045-00032326-00034014 is a fertile ground for extremism spreading around the world in the shape of IS or other monsters and at the same time
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00046-00034094-00035056 - it is now April 2016 - president Obama is paying his respects again to the king of Saudi Arabia
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00047-00035062-00035896 instead of standing up as he could stand up against Putin or Khadaffi.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00048-00035944-00036336 In the short term it always makes sense to do business as usual.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00049-00036368-00037072 In the short term it always makes sense to make an alliance with the authoritarian regime. How is that going?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00050-00037098-00037832 How has that strategy worked in the past forty years? How did it go with the shah of Iran? How did it work with Khadaffi?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00051-00037832-00038504 How did it work with Saddam? How did it work with Bashir in Sudan, Bashar [Assad] in Syria?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00052-00038576-00039120 How is it working to try to keep the absolute power of oil in check by making alliances.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00053-00039128-00039775 You just told us that you have studied at Harvard with the great professors there.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00054-00039933-00040909 Obama also was a student at Harvard, Harvard Law School. Why is it that you understand something he apparently does not understand?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00055-00040914-00041808 John Rawls said: 'A politician looks to the next election. The statesman looks to the next generation.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00056-00041808-00042428 The philosopher looks to the permanent conditions of humanity and how they can be made better.'
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00057-00042458-00043112 Politicians always have looked to the short term. It is up to us as philosophers and as citizens
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00058-00043112-00043496 to look to the longer term and the world as a whole.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00059-00043568-00043968 Do we find a clue to what will save the world?
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00060-00043968-00044068 Yes.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00061-00044120-00044220 Tell us.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00062-00044220-00044948 The clue to saving the world is depth perception: seeing from both eyes at once.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00063-00044984-00046087 The world is a terrible place, compared to what it should be: violence, extremism, climate change, resource management.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00064-00046096-00047048 But the world is a much better place than it was. We really are living better than we were even 60 years ago.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00065-00047080-00047926 The world is richer, human lives are longer, fewer women die in childbirth, literacy rates are
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00066-00047926-00048128 as high as they have ever been.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00067-00048128-00049066 More democracies in the world than ever, and, shocking as it seems, it is the most peaceful time in history.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00068-00049066-00049468 Both of these things are true. The world is terrible compared to what it should be
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00069-00049468-00049720 but it is better than it was.
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00070-00049720-00050310 Learning from the ways the world has gotten better can give us solutions for the problems to come
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00071-00050310-00051180 and get us to keep faith with our ancestors who struggled so hard to overcome their challenges
jvL_BCFqJPQ-00072-00051200-00051600 which were at least as critical as the ones that face us now
jwj49a3W8bM-00000-00000133-00000281 Hi, it's Alex!
jwj49a3W8bM-00001-00000281-00000568 It's Martin Luther King Day today,
jwj49a3W8bM-00002-00000568-00000813 and I wanted to talk about some things
jwj49a3W8bM-00003-00000813-00001073 related to Martin Luther King Jr,
jwj49a3W8bM-00004-00001073-00001332 and related to some of the dialogue
jwj49a3W8bM-00005-00001332-00001490 that I see happening right now.
jwj49a3W8bM-00006-00001490-00001861 I think we're in this time of polarization.
jwj49a3W8bM-00007-00001861-00002080 When I went on Google News,
jwj49a3W8bM-00008-00002080-00002264 on the front page of Google News,
jwj49a3W8bM-00009-00002264-00002752 I saw a headline from Fox News, and it,
jwj49a3W8bM-00010-00002752-00002926 I don't remember exactly what it was called,
jwj49a3W8bM-00011-00002926-00003119 but it was an article that was talking about
jwj49a3W8bM-00012-00003119-00003395 how the left was like "misusing"
jwj49a3W8bM-00013-00003395-00003786 or "misinterpreting" Martin Luther King Jr's
jwj49a3W8bM-00014-00003786-00003951 words or movement and like
jwj49a3W8bM-00015-00003951-00004198 putting him in like a different light
jwj49a3W8bM-00016-00004198-00004470 like putting spin on what he was really about.
jwj49a3W8bM-00017-00004470-00004844 And similarly, I also signed onto Tumblr,
jwj49a3W8bM-00018-00004844-00005102 and I saw a lot of posts on Tumblr,
jwj49a3W8bM-00019-00005102-00005264 and it was talking about how
jwj49a3W8bM-00020-00005264-00005555 white conservatives are doing
jwj49a3W8bM-00021-00005555-00005670 pretty much the same thing,
jwj49a3W8bM-00022-00005670-00005794 like this is the claim, that like
jwj49a3W8bM-00023-00005794-00006157 uhh, white conservatives were putting spin
jwj49a3W8bM-00024-00006157-00006414 on Martin Luther King Jr's like words
jwj49a3W8bM-00025-00006414-00006628 and showing things out of context
jwj49a3W8bM-00026-00006628-00006898 to make him look less radical than he was,
jwj49a3W8bM-00027-00006898-00007078 and so on.
jwj49a3W8bM-00028-00007078-00007417 And, I want to ask some tough questions.
jwj49a3W8bM-00029-00007417-00007595 I want to ask questions like:
jwj49a3W8bM-00030-00007595-00007897 "Is there a possibility of synthesizing"
jwj49a3W8bM-00031-00007897-00008038 "these two viewpoints?"
jwj49a3W8bM-00032-00008038-00008335 Because like at first glance, like,
jwj49a3W8bM-00033-00008335-00008706 I think most people would tend to want to take sides,
jwj49a3W8bM-00034-00008706-00008872 whether you're on the side that would
jwj49a3W8bM-00035-00008872-00009052 agree with that Fox News article,
jwj49a3W8bM-00036-00009052-00009241 or whether you would be on the side
jwj49a3W8bM-00037-00009241-00009438 that would agree with most of the stuff
jwj49a3W8bM-00038-00009438-00009956 being posted in these left-wing activist circles on Tumblr.
jwj49a3W8bM-00039-00009956-00010202 And I think that in this sort of back-and-forth,
jwj49a3W8bM-00040-00010202-00010517 there's some nuance that I see getting lost.
jwj49a3W8bM-00041-00010517-00010854 And, I want to delve into that.
jwj49a3W8bM-00042-00010854-00011077 And I think there are, there are two key things here.
jwj49a3W8bM-00043-00011077-00011265 There are two key ideas,
jwj49a3W8bM-00044-00011265-00011559 and, at least from the way I understand
jwj49a3W8bM-00045-00011559-00011849 Martin Luther King Jr's life,
jwj49a3W8bM-00046-00011849-00012277 and his whole like type of activism, his philosophy,
jwj49a3W8bM-00047-00012277-00012425 like what he was about,
jwj49a3W8bM-00048-00012425-00012546 the way I understand it,
jwj49a3W8bM-00049-00012546-00012988 there's this synthesis between this idea of
jwj49a3W8bM-00050-00012988-00013176 love and loving your enemies
jwj49a3W8bM-00051-00013176-00013465 and changing people through loving them,
jwj49a3W8bM-00052-00013465-00013744 and at the same time,
jwj49a3W8bM-00053-00013744-00013943 really putting your foot down,
jwj49a3W8bM-00054-00013943-00014204 and not allowing people to be
jwj49a3W8bM-00055-00014204-00014548 "moderate" in the sense of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00056-00014548-00014990 resisting change because it's "happening too fast".
jwj49a3W8bM-00057-00014990-00015140 I don't think that these ideas
jwj49a3W8bM-00058-00015140-00015340 need to be in conflict with each other,
jwj49a3W8bM-00059-00015340-00015743 but the way that I'm seeing this dialogue getting cast,
jwj49a3W8bM-00060-00015743-00015941 I think that these two ideas
jwj49a3W8bM-00061-00015941-00016179 are somehow cast as like opposed.
jwj49a3W8bM-00062-00016179-00016454 So I want to deal with this issue of
jwj49a3W8bM-00063-00016454-00016576 "white moderates".
jwj49a3W8bM-00064-00016576-00016973 I think "moderate" is a bit of a loaded term,
jwj49a3W8bM-00065-00016973-00017230 like, sometimes people might characterize me
jwj49a3W8bM-00066-00017230-00017330 as a moderate
jwj49a3W8bM-00067-00017330-00017740 because I advocate for respectful dialogue,
jwj49a3W8bM-00068-00017740-00018006 and I don't tend to take,
jwj49a3W8bM-00069-00018006-00018228 far-left or far-right viewpoints on everything,
jwj49a3W8bM-00070-00018228-00018561 like I like to look at all the different perspectives,
jwj49a3W8bM-00071-00018561-00018790 and say: "Well, is there anything valid in this?"
jwj49a3W8bM-00072-00018790-00019148 And like, people might say, okay, that's a "moderate".
jwj49a3W8bM-00073-00019148-00019354 I don't think that's what
jwj49a3W8bM-00074-00019354-00019554 Martin Luther King Jr. was talking about
jwj49a3W8bM-00075-00019554-00019865 when he was talking about "white moderates".
jwj49a3W8bM-00076-00019865-00020043 These "moderates", I don't think they're really
jwj49a3W8bM-00077-00020043-00020220 what I would call a moderate at all.
jwj49a3W8bM-00078-00020220-00020479 They may have been called moderates back then,
jwj49a3W8bM-00079-00020479-00020690 they may have identified as moderates,
jwj49a3W8bM-00080-00020690-00020954 but if you looked at what was going on back there,
jwj49a3W8bM-00081-00020954-00021151 if you read the whole context
jwj49a3W8bM-00082-00021151-00021478 of a lot of the quotes about white moderates,
jwj49a3W8bM-00083-00021478-00021745 like if you read the letter from Birmingham jail,
jwj49a3W8bM-00084-00021745-00022018 for example, that's like a really great piece,
jwj49a3W8bM-00085-00022018-00022129 I recommend reading that
jwj49a3W8bM-00086-00022129-00022307 if you want to delve into this stuff.
jwj49a3W8bM-00087-00022307-00022556 If you read that, you see that this whole
jwj49a3W8bM-00088-00022556-00022688 concept of a "white moderate",
jwj49a3W8bM-00089-00022688-00022984 they are white people who,
jwj49a3W8bM-00090-00022984-00023104 they openly say:
jwj49a3W8bM-00091-00023104-00023431 "Oh yeah, I support the civil rights movement."
jwj49a3W8bM-00092-00023431-00023560 "I support desegregation,"
jwj49a3W8bM-00093-00023560-00023925 "but like, this is happening too fast."
jwj49a3W8bM-00094-00023925-00024134 "We're not ready for this change."
jwj49a3W8bM-00095-00024134-00024306 "We need to slow down a little bit."
jwj49a3W8bM-00096-00024306-00024612 like, "We can't have full desegregation yet."
jwj49a3W8bM-00097-00024612-00024888 like, "Yeah, it's a good idea, but like,"
jwj49a3W8bM-00098-00024888-00025231 kinda like, not too much too fast.
jwj49a3W8bM-00099-00025231-00025426 That's what he was reacting against.
jwj49a3W8bM-00100-00025426-00025727 And, I think that that standpoint
jwj49a3W8bM-00101-00025727-00025918 is problematic in a lot of ways.
jwj49a3W8bM-00102-00025918-00026063 And one of them is that
jwj49a3W8bM-00103-00026063-00026357 if you oppose (de)segregation,
jwj49a3W8bM-00104-00026357-00026595 you can kind of drag your feet,
jwj49a3W8bM-00105-00026595-00026868 as much as you want,
jwj49a3W8bM-00106-00026868-00027102 while not taking responsibility
jwj49a3W8bM-00107-00027102-00027289 for the fact that you're opposing it.
jwj49a3W8bM-00108-00027289-00027413 And that's really problematic,
jwj49a3W8bM-00109-00027413-00027730 I think like, if you're sort of, like, you can say:
jwj49a3W8bM-00110-00027730-00027866 "Oh, I support this thing."
jwj49a3W8bM-00111-00027866-00028058 but you're not actually doing anything
jwj49a3W8bM-00112-00028058-00028232 to break it down.
jwj49a3W8bM-00113-00028232-00028513 And I think that's bad because
jwj49a3W8bM-00114-00028513-00028734 it allows people to kind of like,
jwj49a3W8bM-00115-00028734-00029147 avoid the social stigma of racism,
jwj49a3W8bM-00116-00029147-00029323 and things like that,
jwj49a3W8bM-00117-00029323-00029666 there's this sort of societal consensus
jwj49a3W8bM-00118-00029666-00029989 that I think was growing back then,
jwj49a3W8bM-00119-00029989-00030262 and, it's still not a complete consensus nowadays,
jwj49a3W8bM-00120-00030262-00030499 but there's this societal consensus
jwj49a3W8bM-00121-00030499-00030786 that racism is bad,
jwj49a3W8bM-00122-00030786-00030911 and I think that like this sort of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00123-00030911-00031113 "moderate" viewpoint of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00124-00031113-00031252 "Change is happening too fast."
jwj49a3W8bM-00125-00031252-00031574 is a way for people to avoid taking responsibility.
jwj49a3W8bM-00126-00031574-00031805 I don't think that's the same as
jwj49a3W8bM-00127-00031805-00032183 a type of moderation where you're saying:
jwj49a3W8bM-00128-00032183-00032494 "I am going to look for the good in other people."
jwj49a3W8bM-00129-00032494-00032784 "And I am going to resist polarization"
jwj49a3W8bM-00130-00032784-00033031 in terms of this us vs. them,
jwj49a3W8bM-00131-00033031-00033377 sort of like, they are the enemy.
jwj49a3W8bM-00132-00033377-00033694 I don't think that that type of polarization
jwj49a3W8bM-00133-00033694-00033975 is what MLK stood for.
jwj49a3W8bM-00134-00033975-00034200 Like, everything that I've studied about him,
jwj49a3W8bM-00135-00034200-00034359 like it seems like he synthesizes
jwj49a3W8bM-00136-00034359-00034459 these two viewpoints of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00137-00034459-00034653 "Okay, I'm going to stand up"
jwj49a3W8bM-00138-00034653-00034935 "against this sort of heel-dragging mentality"
jwj49a3W8bM-00139-00034935-00035201 this sort of like "Oh, change is happening too fast."
jwj49a3W8bM-00140-00035201-00035408 "I'm going to stand up against that."
jwj49a3W8bM-00141-00035408-00035536 "And I'm going to say:"
jwj49a3W8bM-00142-00035536-00035821 "Hey, we need change to happen right now."
jwj49a3W8bM-00143-00035821-00036088 "We can have change happen right now."
jwj49a3W8bM-00144-00036088-00036387 "I'm going to make change happen right now."
jwj49a3W8bM-00145-00036387-00036605 "We are all going to do this."
jwj49a3W8bM-00146-00036605-00036830 Like that, that is awesome.
jwj49a3W8bM-00147-00036830-00036988 That is what I want to see happen.
jwj49a3W8bM-00148-00036988-00037296 Umm, it's a synthesis of that perspective
jwj49a3W8bM-00149-00037296-00037428 with this idea of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00150-00037428-00037678 "I want to love everybody."
jwj49a3W8bM-00151-00037678-00038052 Now, loving someone doesn't mean agreeing with them.
jwj49a3W8bM-00152-00038052-00038172 Loving someone doesn't mean
jwj49a3W8bM-00153-00038172-00038272 being submissive.
jwj49a3W8bM-00154-00038272-00038521 It doesn't mean being submissive
jwj49a3W8bM-00155-00038521-00038656 when you are being oppressed.
jwj49a3W8bM-00156-00038656-00038865 It doesn't mean being submissive
jwj49a3W8bM-00157-00038865-00039203 when you see other people being oppressed.
jwj49a3W8bM-00158-00039203-00039658 Umm, there's this whole like, thing of like,
jwj49a3W8bM-00159-00039658-00040028 non violent activism and civil disobedience,
jwj49a3W8bM-00160-00040028-00040300 and it's, it's weird how distant
jwj49a3W8bM-00161-00040300-00040416 that is to me right now.
jwj49a3W8bM-00162-00040416-00040565 Like, when I think about it,
jwj49a3W8bM-00163-00040565-00040813 I don't see much of that around me.
jwj49a3W8bM-00164-00040813-00041090 Like, I've seen some sort of civil disobedience actions,
jwj49a3W8bM-00165-00041090-00041237 where like people, protesters
jwj49a3W8bM-00166-00041237-00041423 are getting out in the street and stuff.
jwj49a3W8bM-00167-00041423-00041633 But like, by and large,
jwj49a3W8bM-00168-00041633-00041834 the stuff that I see in society nowadays
jwj49a3W8bM-00169-00041834-00042034 is pretty hateful.
jwj49a3W8bM-00170-00042034-00042300 I see stuff on Tumblr all the time
jwj49a3W8bM-00171-00042300-00042593 that is hateful towards white people,
jwj49a3W8bM-00172-00042593-00042806 hateful towards cis people,
jwj49a3W8bM-00173-00042806-00043149 and I also see hate directed at black people,
jwj49a3W8bM-00174-00043149-00043434 trans people, I've been subjected to some of this myself,
jwj49a3W8bM-00175-00043434-00043811 I get antisemitic comments on my YouTube,
jwj49a3W8bM-00176-00043811-00044140 I get all sorts of hate comments on my YouTube.
jwj49a3W8bM-00177-00044140-00044347 Like, and I see people kind of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00178-00044347-00044515 reacting against this,
jwj49a3W8bM-00179-00044515-00044753 like if they are members of oppressed groups,
jwj49a3W8bM-00180-00044753-00045041 or they're like trying to show solidarity with them,
jwj49a3W8bM-00181-00045041-00045412 by kind of engaging in that hate themselves.
jwj49a3W8bM-00182-00045412-00045681 And I don't think that's what MLK stood for.
jwj49a3W8bM-00183-00045681-00045869 It's certainly not what I stand for.
jwj49a3W8bM-00184-00045869-00046193 I want us to distinguish these two concepts, like
jwj49a3W8bM-00185-00046193-00046372 embrace this idea of like, radicalism,
jwj49a3W8bM-00186-00046372-00046715 "We can make change happen right now."
jwj49a3W8bM-00187-00046715-00047018 but also embrace the idea of like
jwj49a3W8bM-00188-00047018-00047350 embracing love as a transformative force,
jwj49a3W8bM-00189-00047350-00047503 like the idea is if we see someone
jwj49a3W8bM-00190-00047503-00047684 and they are opposing us,
jwj49a3W8bM-00191-00047684-00047872 we want to stand up
jwj49a3W8bM-00192-00047872-00048106 against the bad things that they're doing,
jwj49a3W8bM-00193-00048106-00048373 by loving them as a person,
jwj49a3W8bM-00194-00048373-00048587 and helping them into a place
jwj49a3W8bM-00195-00048587-00048809 of doing good things,
jwj49a3W8bM-00196-00048809-00049034 which is really different from like saying like:
jwj49a3W8bM-00197-00049034-00049144 "Oh, I hate you."
jwj49a3W8bM-00198-00049144-00049284 like "You're the enemy."
jwj49a3W8bM-00199-00049284-00049541 and like, putting that person down,
jwj49a3W8bM-00200-00049541-00049690 demonizing them.
jwj49a3W8bM-00201-00049690-00049856 I think it's good to talk about
jwj49a3W8bM-00202-00049856-00050014 how someone else's actions
jwj49a3W8bM-00203-00050014-00050151 are harming others.
jwj49a3W8bM-00204-00050151-00050331 I think it's not good to sort of
jwj49a3W8bM-00205-00050331-00050523 focus on the negative in other people
jwj49a3W8bM-00206-00050523-00050703 and like condemn the person
jwj49a3W8bM-00207-00050703-00050909 if that makes sense.
jwj49a3W8bM-00208-00050909-00051053 I wonder sometimes if some of this
jwj49a3W8bM-00209-00051053-00051184 has to do with religion, like
jwj49a3W8bM-00210-00051184-00051387 I see a change in our society, like
jwj49a3W8bM-00211-00051387-00051621 Martin Luther King Jr. was Christian,
jwj49a3W8bM-00212-00051621-00051898 and he was motivated by a Christian value system,
jwj49a3W8bM-00213-00051898-00052091 and I see Christianity kind of
jwj49a3W8bM-00214-00052091-00052400 on the decline in our society.
jwj49a3W8bM-00215-00052400-00052661 And, I don't necessarily agree with everything
jwj49a3W8bM-00216-00052661-00052863 about most forms of Christianity,
jwj49a3W8bM-00217-00052863-00052984 but I think that one of the things about it
jwj49a3W8bM-00218-00052984-00053233 that is really awesome and powerful
jwj49a3W8bM-00219-00053233-00053564 is this idea of loving all people,
jwj49a3W8bM-00220-00053564-00053664 loving our enemies,
jwj49a3W8bM-00221-00053664-00053954 which is not the same as agreeing with what they're doing.
jwj49a3W8bM-00222-00053954-00054213 Umm, I wish we could retain that
jwj49a3W8bM-00223-00054213-00054522 even as religion becomes less influential,
jwj49a3W8bM-00224-00054522-00054652 and I think that's something that people
jwj49a3W8bM-00225-00054652-00054963 of any religion or non-religious value systems
jwj49a3W8bM-00226-00054963-00055149 can still embrace to varying degrees.
jwj49a3W8bM-00227-00055149-00055465 So yeah, that's what I have to say about this.
jwj49a3W8bM-00228-00055465-00055629 Happy Martin Luther King Day!
jwj49a3W8bM-00229-00055629-00055875 Umm, yeah, I'd love to hear from you,
jwj49a3W8bM-00230-00055875-00056120 if you have any quibbles with anything that I've said,
jwj49a3W8bM-00231-00056120-00056239 I'd love to explain any of this more
jwj49a3W8bM-00232-00056239-00056394 if you have any questions.
jwj49a3W8bM-00233-00056394-00056674 Yeah, thank you!
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jxubRx4tcvI-00004-00001898-00002243 mixture of soap and water if that doesn't help you could soak or wipe away
jxubRx4tcvI-00005-00002243-00002640 the fog enos with a combination of vinegar baking soda and possibly water
jxubRx4tcvI-00006-00002640-00003004 seriously funny headlights might require sanding and polishing using a handheld
jxubRx4tcvI-00007-00003004-00003579 rotary sander polisher cleaning plastic cups and blenders
jxubRx4tcvI-00008-00003579-00004063 soak your cups in vinegar fill a small bucket or your sink with white vinegar
jxubRx4tcvI-00009-00004063-00004483 submerge your foggy glasses in the vinegar for five minutes remove them and
jxubRx4tcvI-00010-00004483-00005091 check the results sprinkle baking soda on cups coated with
jxubRx4tcvI-00011-00005091-00005537 vinegar if the vinegar dip didn't help clean your foggy plastic cups sprinkle
jxubRx4tcvI-00012-00005537-00005987 them with a handful of baking soda alternately apply a dusting of baking
jxubRx4tcvI-00013-00005987-00006529 soda to a damp sponge and scrub the cups the baking soda and vinegar will react
jxubRx4tcvI-00014-00006529-00007140 dissolving the film that causes the plastic to appear foggy
jxubRx4tcvI-00015-00007140-00007542 use a vinegar and water mixture combine white vinegar and water in equal parts
jxubRx4tcvI-00016-00007542-00007859 for instance if you have a large load of foggy plastic you might fill your sink
jxubRx4tcvI-00017-00007859-00008109 with one liter of vinegar in one liter of water
jxubRx4tcvI-00018-00008109-00008471 place your foggy plastic items in the water and let them soak for one hour
jxubRx4tcvI-00019-00008471-00008840 scrub the plastic items with a damp rag until they become clear rinse the no
jxubRx4tcvI-00020-00008840-00009495 longer foggy plastic in the sink under warm water dry with a soft cloth
jxubRx4tcvI-00021-00009495-00009874 use a baking soda paste instead of using baking soda and vinegar mix equal
jxubRx4tcvI-00022-00009874-00010315 amounts of water and baking soda to form a paste for instance you might mix 1
jxubRx4tcvI-00023-00010315-00010570 tablespoon of baking soda with 1 tablespoon of water
jxubRx4tcvI-00024-00010570-00010960 dab a paper towel into the baking soda paste apply the paste to a small area of
jxubRx4tcvI-00025-00010960-00011331 the cloudy plastic using a steady circular motion as the paste removes the
jxubRx4tcvI-00026-00011331-00011599 cloudiness from the inside of the blender or cup you're cleaning you will
jxubRx4tcvI-00027-00011599-00012242 see the paper towel darkened with grime try lemon juice blend combine the juice
jxubRx4tcvI-00028-00012242-00012517 of one lemon and two tablespoons of baking soda
jxubRx4tcvI-00029-00012517-00012884 fill your foggy plastic cup or blender up the rest of the way with water if
jxubRx4tcvI-00030-00012884-00013163 you're cleaning a foggy plastic blender run the blender on high for a few
jxubRx4tcvI-00031-00013163-00013531 seconds then turn it off and remove the blade if possible with your cup or
jxubRx4tcvI-00032-00013531-00013841 blender bottles still filled with the lemon juice mix scrub the inside of it
jxubRx4tcvI-00033-00013841-00014219 with a non abrasive sponge or microfiber cloth pour the juice out when the fog
jxubRx4tcvI-00034-00014219-00014316 enos has been corrected
jDOb67kl_Pk-00000-00000000-00000447 Hey guys Jan here welcome back to the present in this channel we share
jDOb67kl_Pk-00001-00000447-00000878 business finance and life related content so if you're new here consider
jDOb67kl_Pk-00002-00000878-00001383 subscribing and don't forget to hit the bell icon alright we have a lot of
jDOb67kl_Pk-00003-00001383-00001800 youtubers out there that they share the equipment as to what they use for their
jDOb67kl_Pk-00004-00001800-00002223 YouTube channel in order for them to have high quality of their video and
jDOb67kl_Pk-00005-00002223-00002693 just the basic things that they need in order for them to produce the videos
jDOb67kl_Pk-00006-00002693-00003215 that they have for their YouTube channel and so for me I have three major things
jDOb67kl_Pk-00007-00003215-00003735 that I have that I'm using constantly and going to share it to you guys the
jDOb67kl_Pk-00008-00003735-00004173 first thing is a camera so this is the camera that we're using right now and
jDOb67kl_Pk-00009-00004173-00004887 it's actually this it's an iPhone 10s so before when we started I was using an
jDOb67kl_Pk-00010-00004887-00005553 iPhone 6s plus and since it reached its third year we sold it and then we bought
jDOb67kl_Pk-00011-00005553-00006171 a new iPhone which is the iPhone 10s and it has a really good quality in terms of
jDOb67kl_Pk-00012-00006171-00006761 video we have been using this for our Facebook videos as well and for our
jDOb67kl_Pk-00013-00006761-00007311 Instagram videos and now for our YouTube videos and so far the quality has been
jDOb67kl_Pk-00014-00007311-00007992 off par and we are very happy with its result so the when it comes to camera
jDOb67kl_Pk-00015-00007992-00008532 you don't have to use like DSLR or you don't have to use this you know it can
jDOb67kl_Pk-00016-00008532-00009068 be on your own whatever you have on your disposal so if you have a if you have an
jDOb67kl_Pk-00017-00009068-00009528 Android phone then you can start with that the point is you can start with any
jDOb67kl_Pk-00018-00009528-00009957 camera and just improve along the way the quality of the video that we use
jDOb67kl_Pk-00019-00009957-00010689 that we had before was was good but today right now is better okay and so we
jDOb67kl_Pk-00020-00010689-00011307 use this for now the second thing that we all need to have or what we use is a
jDOb67kl_Pk-00021-00011307-00012027 computer so the computer that we use is this it's a MacBook pearl and we in fact
jDOb67kl_Pk-00022-00012027-00012486 we invested this for the sole purpose of editing the videos and doing some work
jDOb67kl_Pk-00023-00012486-00013067 for the present and so the main reason why you need a computer is for the photo
jDOb67kl_Pk-00024-00013067-00013461 editing and the video editing part and they're going to use the computer as
jDOb67kl_Pk-00025-00013461-00013919 well in order for you to upload your videos and do some taggings and do some
jDOb67kl_Pk-00026-00013919-00014436 the description and whatnot so it's very important for you to have a computer it
jDOb67kl_Pk-00027-00014436-00014877 doesn't have to be a Mac by the way I'm just an Apple fan and I've been using
jDOb67kl_Pk-00028-00014877-00015384 Apple for quite some time and it's very easy for me because after shooting the
jDOb67kl_Pk-00029-00015384-00015912 video over here all I have to do is airdrop the video from here to here you
jDOb67kl_Pk-00030-00015912-00016545 know to the computer so for some people they are more comfortable with Windows
jDOb67kl_Pk-00031-00016545-00017055 or Microsoft which is totally okay the point is your computer has to have the
jDOb67kl_Pk-00032-00017055-00017760 capacity to edit videos and to have to upload videos well and then the last one
jDOb67kl_Pk-00033-00017760-00018201 the third one is a microphone as you can see for all the videos that we have
jDOb67kl_Pk-00034-00018201-00018822 right now I'm using this it's a lapel mic it's called booyah and it has been
jDOb67kl_Pk-00035-00018822-00019347 really helpful though the voice quality is important for me because I know that
jDOb67kl_Pk-00036-00019347-00019833 it is important for the audience try to imagine this you have a very good video
jDOb67kl_Pk-00037-00019833-00020391 you have a good thumbnail you have a good title in the description but people
jDOb67kl_Pk-00038-00020391-00020726 are having a hard time understanding what you're saying because all the noise
jDOb67kl_Pk-00039-00020726-00021291 out there so your voice has to be more dominant compared to the noise outside
jDOb67kl_Pk-00040-00021291-00021783 and so that's the part that's the purpose of having a microphone and in
jDOb67kl_Pk-00041-00021783-00022416 fact people think that I was using like like a shotgun mic but I'm just using
jDOb67kl_Pk-00042-00022416-00023010 this and it has been really helpful with with how we do our videos you know on
jDOb67kl_Pk-00043-00023010-00023540 Facebook on YouTube and on Instagram so three things that we are using for our
jDOb67kl_Pk-00044-00023540-00024060 YouTube channel is number one we're using iPhone 10s for our camera number
jDOb67kl_Pk-00045-00024060-00024591 two we are using a MacBook Pro for the computer for editing parts and for
jDOb67kl_Pk-00046-00024591-00025116 uploading and number three as we're using emolia microphone it's going to
jDOb67kl_Pk-00047-00025116-00025554 help you out a lot me it's by the way this is very affordable for anyone who
jDOb67kl_Pk-00048-00025554-00025976 wants to start your YouTube channel or any videos this is very affordable and
jDOb67kl_Pk-00049-00025976-00026749 you can always you can buy it in any digital shop you know yeah if this
jDOb67kl_Pk-00050-00026749-00027102 video helped you out in any way don't forget to like this video and leave your
jDOb67kl_Pk-00051-00027102-00027556 thoughts in the comment section plus don't forget to hit subscribe and
jDOb67kl_Pk-00052-00027556-00028008 activate the bell icon so that every time we have new videos you will get
jDOb67kl_Pk-00053-00028008-00028789 notified thank you so much for tuning in and see you on the next video
jEZmhpt2V4I-00000-00000006-00000621 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by claudius item
jEZmhpt2V4I-00001-00000768-00001202 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00002-00001303-00001875 fresh as if touched by fairyland with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00003-00001942-00002501 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00004-00002623-00002751 absorbed
jEZmhpt2V4I-00005-00002751-00003170 delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00006-00003238-00004037 this picture is yourself dear jane she's drawn to nature true i've kissed it over and over again
jEZmhpt2V4I-00007-00004089-00004289 it is much like you
jEZmhpt2V4I-00008-00004380-00004718 and has it kissed you back my dear i
jEZmhpt2V4I-00009-00004801-00005412 know my love said he then william it is very clear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00010-00005455-00005655 She's, not at all like
jEZmhpt2V4I-00011-00005739-00006344 me end of poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00012-00007009-00007743 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by david lawrence
jEZmhpt2V4I-00013-00007947-00008294 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00014-00008407-00009029 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00015-00009103-00009525 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00016-00009622-00010076 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00017-00010231-00010490 this picture is yourself dear jane
jEZmhpt2V4I-00018-00010539-00011288 tis drawn to nature true i've kissed it or an or again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00019-00011382-00011591 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00020-00011679-00012476 Why, no, my love said he then william it is very clear tis not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00021-00012615-00013055 in the poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00022-00013654-00014283 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by aaron b villus
jEZmhpt2V4I-00023-00014463-00014663 wwg read recom
jEZmhpt2V4I-00024-00014866-00015188 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00025-00015247-00015674 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00026-00015715-00016091 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00027-00016168-00016470 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00028-00016545-00017270 this picture is yourself dear jane tis drawn to nature true i've kissed it or nor again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00029-00017323-00017634 Has it kissed you back my dear why no
jEZmhpt2V4I-00030-00017647-00018141 my love said he then william it is very clear tis not at all like me end
jEZmhpt2V4I-00031-00018304-00018585 of, poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00032-00019042-00019682 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by garth burton
jEZmhpt2V4I-00033-00019929-00020324 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00034-00020434-00021009 flesh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00035-00021168-00021368 He almost thought it spoke
jEZmhpt2V4I-00036-00021429-00021710 He gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00037-00021834-00021970 absorbed
jEZmhpt2V4I-00038-00021970-00022347 delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00039-00022525-00022811 this picture is yourself dear jane
jEZmhpt2V4I-00040-00022879-00023079 tis duan to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00041-00023143-00023631 i've kissed it hour and hour again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00042-00023748-00023972 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00043-00024073-00024431 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00044-00024537-00024956 Then william it is very clear it is not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00045-00025176-00025598 end of poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00046-00026212-00026729 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by decimals
jEZmhpt2V4I-00047-00026988-00027344 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00048-00027414-00027969 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00049-00028047-00028508 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00050-00028594-00029088 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00051-00029206-00029894 This picture is yourself dear jane it is drawn to nature true i've kissed it or and or again
jEZmhpt2V4I-00052-00029932-00030395 it is much like you and has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00053-00030477-00030794 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00054-00030877-00031347 Then william it is very clear it is not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00055-00031653-00031934 end of poem this record is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00056-00032545-00033167 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by yelena da maia
jEZmhpt2V4I-00057-00033328-00033798 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00058-00033904-00034551 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00059-00034678-00035289 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00060-00035428-00035970 absorbed lighted and amazed to few the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00061-00036115-00036704 This picture is yourself dear jane too strong to nature to i've
jEZmhpt2V4I-00062-00036781-00037266 Kissed it oh and over again it is much like you
jEZmhpt2V4I-00063-00037390-00037682 and has it kissed you back my dear i
jEZmhpt2V4I-00064-00037753-00037988 Know my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00065-00038119-00038769 then william it is very clear it is not at all like me end
jEZmhpt2V4I-00066-00038887-00039197 of, poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00067-00039784-00040470 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by lee ann howlett
jEZmhpt2V4I-00068-00040630-00040962 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00069-00041032-00041526 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00070-00041584-00042003 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00071-00042078-00042464 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00072-00042553-00043041 This picture is yourself dear jane tis drawn to nature true i've
jEZmhpt2V4I-00073-00043060-00043424 kissed it oran or again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00074-00043491-00044015 has it kissed you back my dear why no, my love said he
jEZmhpt2V4I-00075-00044083-00044499 Then william it is very clear tis not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00076-00044632-00045132 end of poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00077-00045805-00046578 the miniature my george p morris read for librivox.org by leonard wilson of springfield ohio
jEZmhpt2V4I-00078-00046786-00047163 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00079-00047230-00047802 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00080-00047866-00048332 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00081-00048441-00048911 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artist skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00082-00049021-00049485 this picture is yourself dear jane tis drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00083-00049530-00050046 i've kissed it all and or again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00084-00050188-00050405 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00085-00050476-00050747 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00086-00050838-00051347 Then william it is very clear tis not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00087-00051583-00051878 and the poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00088-00052522-00052779 the miniature by george p morris
jEZmhpt2V4I-00089-00052842-00053038 read for librivox.org
jEZmhpt2V4I-00090-00053038-00053238 by nancy beard
jEZmhpt2V4I-00091-00053295-00053419 march
jEZmhpt2V4I-00092-00053419-00053551 2014
jEZmhpt2V4I-00093-00053551-00053751 kingston new york
jEZmhpt2V4I-00094-00053890-00054320 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00095-00054415-00054941 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00096-00055048-00055551 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00097-00055738-00056246 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00098-00056407-00056891 this picture of yourself dear jane tis drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00099-00056955-00057515 i've kissed it or andorra gained it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00100-00057610-00057810 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00101-00057852-00058052 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00102-00058162-00058660 Then william it is very clear tis not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00103-00058820-00059257 end of poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00104-00059855-00060251 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org
jEZmhpt2V4I-00105-00060326-00060526 by rapunzel inna
jEZmhpt2V4I-00106-00060617-00060982 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00107-00061070-00061621 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00108-00061745-00061945 He almost thought it spoke
jEZmhpt2V4I-00109-00061982-00062254 He gazed upon the bubble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00110-00062333-00062731 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00111-00062844-00063307 this picture is yourself dear jane tis drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00112-00063363-00063859 i've kissed it all in noir again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00113-00063980-00064186 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00114-00064277-00064555 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00115-00064607-00065152 then william it is very clear tis not at all like me and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00116-00065276-00065560 of, poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00117-00066188-00066811 the miniature by george p morris read for librivox.org by robin notation
jEZmhpt2V4I-00118-00066930-00067047 2014
jEZmhpt2V4I-00119-00067047-00067247 revenues and workers comp
jEZmhpt2V4I-00120-00067494-00067888 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00121-00067980-00068600 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00122-00068685-00069212 He almost thought it spoke he gazed upon the four walls still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00123-00069326-00069886 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00124-00070001-00070555 this picture is yourself dear jane it is drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00125-00070599-00070840 i've kissed it over and over again
jEZmhpt2V4I-00126-00070905-00071105 it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00127-00071229-00071429 has it kissed you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00128-00071507-00071773 Why, no, my love said?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00129-00071866-00072389 Then william it is very clear it is not such a rule like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00130-00072460-00072658 and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00131-00072658-00072954 poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00132-00073570-00074298 the miniature by george p morse read for librivox.org by sky albatross
jEZmhpt2V4I-00133-00074491-00074894 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00134-00074980-00075272 fresh as if touched by fairy wand
jEZmhpt2V4I-00135-00075337-00075548 with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00136-00075616-00076155 He almost taught it spoke he gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00137-00076261-00076739 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artist his skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00138-00076855-00077111 this pictures yourself dear jane
jEZmhpt2V4I-00139-00077179-00077379 Dis drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00140-00077437-00077691 i've kissed it or and over again
jEZmhpt2V4I-00141-00077767-00077967 it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00142-00078064-00078264 has it kiss you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00143-00078325-00078686 Why, no, my love said he?
jEZmhpt2V4I-00144-00078760-00079325 then william it is very clear this not at all like me end
jEZmhpt2V4I-00145-00079423-00079767 of, poem this recording is in the public domain
jEZmhpt2V4I-00146-00080332-00081054 the minute by george p morris let read for librivox.org by cisco
jEZmhpt2V4I-00147-00081238-00081573 william was holding in his hand the likeness of his wife
jEZmhpt2V4I-00148-00081676-00082107 fresh as if touched by fairy wand with beauty grace and life
jEZmhpt2V4I-00149-00082244-00082444 He almost thought it spoke
jEZmhpt2V4I-00150-00082517-00082770 He gazed upon the bauble still
jEZmhpt2V4I-00151-00082862-00083283 absorbed delighted and amazed to view the artists skill
jEZmhpt2V4I-00152-00083456-00083776 this picture is yourself dear jane
jEZmhpt2V4I-00153-00083857-00084057 this drawn to nature true
jEZmhpt2V4I-00154-00084119-00084651 i've kissed it all or again it is much like you and
jEZmhpt2V4I-00155-00084757-00084963 has it gets you back my dear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00156-00085045-00085317 why, no, my loves that he
jEZmhpt2V4I-00157-00085406-00085677 Then william it is very clear
jEZmhpt2V4I-00158-00085742-00086017 it is not at all like me
jEZmhpt2V4I-00159-00086093-00086213 end
jEZmhpt2V4I-00160-00086213-00086568 of, poem this recording is in the public domain
jG8P3NEmqyE-00000-00000890-00001232 Hello and welcome to Rehab at Home from MED-EL.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00001-00001236-00001529 In this series, we will show you some simple activities
jG8P3NEmqyE-00002-00001529-00001903 you can do at home to help your child with their listening and speaking.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00003-00001924-00002233 Today, we're watching Matthew set the table for dinner
jG8P3NEmqyE-00004-00002238-00002475 following instructions from his mom.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00005-00002496-00002738 Involving your child in household routines
jG8P3NEmqyE-00006-00002739-00003022 is a fantastic way to develop their vocabulary,
jG8P3NEmqyE-00007-00003025-00003374 language, and listening skills during everyday activities.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00008-00003380-00003570 Let's see how it works.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00009-00003654-00003947 One, two, three.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00010-00004050-00004381 I can count. One, two, three.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00011-00004382-00004641 Yeah, and... ?
jG8P3NEmqyE-00012-00004666-00004804 Plates.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00013-00004879-00005167 Did I ask for a big plate or a little plate?
jG8P3NEmqyE-00014-00005168-00005454 - Little plate. - Yes, thank you.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00015-00005584-00005824 And one little plate.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00016-00006003-00006235 Shall we put one plate down for Mummy,
jG8P3NEmqyE-00017-00006237-00006385 one for Matthew,
jG8P3NEmqyE-00018-00006387-00006601 one for Ben and one for Daddy.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00019-00006805-00007077 And shall we put the other plates back?
jG8P3NEmqyE-00020-00007148-00007447 Giving your child instructions through listening alone
jG8P3NEmqyE-00021-00007448-00007701 helps to strengthen their auditory skills.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00022-00007706-00008072 You could increase the length and complexity of your instructions
jG8P3NEmqyE-00023-00008076-00008347 to continue to extend your child's skills.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00024-00008368-00008724 Think about what other household routines you are already doing
jG8P3NEmqyE-00025-00008724-00009081 that you could include your child in by giving instructions.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00026-00009108-00009251 Thanks for watching.
jG8P3NEmqyE-00027-00009253-00009512 And don't forget to subscribe to the MED-EL blog
jG8P3NEmqyE-00028-00009515-00009891 to get all the latest Rehab at Home videos straight to your inbox.
jGT6V1k9tAY-00000-00000000-00000400 [intro guitar music]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00001-00000409-00000880 [slo home globoka] [trailer epoxy sides continues]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00002-00000980-00001600 [background techno music & workshop noises]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00003-00026100-00026610 [baking temperature cca 35° c (95° f)]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00004-00026700-00027000 [next day]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00005-00031655-00032970 [gluing foam pieces together]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00006-00046780-00047210 [hole for a brake]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00007-00047700-00048500 [test-checking the brakes]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00008-00049400-00050180 [making a template for fenders]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00009-00055160-00055820 [masking brake holes from epoxy]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00010-00057560-00058070 [gluing foam onto steel frame]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00011-00058250-00058740 [making fenders]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00012-00059779-00060140 [hole for e-wheel axle]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00013-00060500-00061110 [home-grown strawberries break]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00014-00061885-00062240 [to be continued]
jGT6V1k9tAY-00015-00062300-00062690 [outro guitar music]
jH_em7mHYTY-00000-00000519-00001002 THE CREWS OF THE HARRY S. TRUMAN CARRIER STRIKE GROUP AND FRENCH NAVY TASK FORCE 473 FINISHED
jH_em7mHYTY-00001-00001002-00001519 FIVE WEEKS OF COMBINED CARRIER STRIKE GROUP OPERATIONS IN THE U.S. 5TH FLEET AREA SUNDAY.
jH_em7mHYTY-00002-00001519-00001993 FIVE U.S. AND FOUR FRENCH NAVY SHIPS PARTICIPATED IN THE EXERCISE IN THE ARABIAN SEA AND ARABIAN
jH_em7mHYTY-00003-00001993-00002093 GULF.
jH_em7mHYTY-00004-00002093-00002476 THE TWO NAVIES TEAMED UP FOR LIVE-FIRE, VISIT, BOARD, SEARCH AND SEIZURE PROCEDURES AND AIR
jH_em7mHYTY-00005-00002476-00002577 DEFENSE TRAINING.
jH_em7mHYTY-00006-00002577-00003050 THEY WORKED TOGETHER IN AIR DEFENSE, TRAINING IN BOTH FIGHTER JET AND HELICOPTER PLATFORMS,
jH_em7mHYTY-00007-00003050-00003446 A WAR-AT-SEA EXERCISE, AND OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING SCENARIOS.
jH_em7mHYTY-00008-00003446-00003798 U.S. NAVY AND FRENCH AIRCRAFT LAUNCHED AND RECOVERED ON EACH OTHER'S AIRCRAFT CARRIER
jH_em7mHYTY-00009-00003798-00003945 FLIGHT DECKS.
jH_em7mHYTY-00010-00003945-00004423 SAILORS VISITED THEIR FRENCH COUNTERPARTS TO SHARE EXPERIENCES AND LEARN FROM EACH OTHER.
jH_em7mHYTY-00011-00004423-00004798 EXERCISES LIKE THIS ONE IMPROVE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALLIES AND HELP STABILIZE THE REGION'S
jH_em7mHYTY-00012-00004798-00004985 LINKS TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.
jH_em7mHYTY-00013-00004985-00005296 FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M PETTY OFFICER STUART PHILLIPS.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00000-00000518-00000852 Zheka, can you talk between each other? You're all too silent!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00001-00000882-00001282 Danila, what the hell are you doing? Can you use the drone instead being AFK?
jKsyXmQVo0M-00002-00001370-00001672 Zheka, are deaf? What are doing?! Brace yourself!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00003-00001878-00002014 I see. You're finished.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00004-00002014-00002196 Can you at least shoot as usual, Zheka?
jKsyXmQVo0M-00005-00002760-00002982 OMG, what are you doing?!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00006-00003184-00003384 You're a weakling! I don't get it.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00007-00003488-00003538 Stop!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00008-00003679-00003834 Saying this over and over again.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00009-00003894-00004138 Don't rappel here, don't go there. I'm losing my mind!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00010-00004138-00004250 Don't you understand?
jKsyXmQVo0M-00011-00004288-00004574 ShepparD will give interview soon, if you continue so.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00012-00004878-00005156 Can't you see? I'm not even playing Rainbow Six now.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00013-00005368-00005602 Calm down, man, you know I'm worried about the results
jKsyXmQVo0M-00014-00005626-00005940 You need to sleep man, you're going around PC's for 30 hours straight.
jKsyXmQVo0M-00015-00006016-00006306 OMG, what are you doing? Dan is idle sitting in the Hookah
jKsyXmQVo0M-00016-00006334-00006534 This one watches some movie!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00017-00006544-00006692 I'm really shocked!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00018-00006718-00006778 OK
jKsyXmQVo0M-00019-00007480-00007645 When did you become so tough?
jKsyXmQVo0M-00020-00007836-00007995 I just bought our Bandit skin!
jKsyXmQVo0M-00021-00008023-00008236 — What? — What? — What? — What?
jNCks3WF6KM-00000-00000000-00000200 Although I wanted to draw on the canvas, there is no canvas in my room. 
jNCks3WF6KM-00001-00000577-00000777 So, I looked for some papers to draw, I found a sketch book which I used in the past. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00000-00000162-00000984 Hello everyone my name is Juan Claramunt, the maintainer of the R package metacart, metacart is
jpwiDb9NDRA-00001-00000984-00001776 an R package that integrates classification and regression trees into meta-analysis.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00002-00001872-00002682 Therefore, meta produces classification and regression trees to analyze the potential
jpwiDb9NDRA-00003-00002682-00003696 moderators that could explain the heterogeneity of the results obtained by multiple studies.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00004-00003852-00004374 Today we are going to do a small tutorial on how to use metacart, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00005-00004620-00005550 First we start loading the package and the package metacart offers 3
jpwiDb9NDRA-00006-00005550-00006096 data sets, 2 of them are simulated data sets that we are not going to use today,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00007-00006192-00006840 it also offers a real data set which we are going to use in the examples of today. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00008-00006942-00007800 Let's see what this data set contains, how this data set contains 106 studies about motivation-
jpwiDb9NDRA-00009-00007800-00008760 enhancing behavior change techniques and here we have "g" is the effect size of each of these studies, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00010-00008832-00009444 "v" is the sampling variance of the effect size in each of these studies and then we have 5
jpwiDb9NDRA-00011-00009444-00010230 indicator functions whether behavior and change technique is applied or not.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00012-00010446-00011526 Okay, then this package metacart contains 2 main functions: FEmrt, which performs the Fixed effect
jpwiDb9NDRA-00013-00011526-00012540 model which can be applied to studies that are identical or almost identical. Also the second
jpwiDb9NDRA-00014-00012540-00013506 main function is RErmrt which is the random- effect model and this one is applied for studies
jpwiDb9NDRA-00015-00013506-00014202 that use different populations or similar populations that generalize to the same one.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00016-00014597-00015047 First let's start with an example for the fixed effect model,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00017-00015630-00016374 initially we have the formula so the effect size  is predicted by the indicator functions, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00018-00016434-00017298 then we include the variance of this well the sampling variance of the effect size,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00019-00017364-00018042 the data and in here a pruning parameter because as we are creating trees, we have
jpwiDb9NDRA-00020-00018042-00018408 to prune the tree at the end to avoid overfeeding.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00021-00018792-00019530 Apart from these options and these arguments there are other arguments, for example we can
jpwiDb9NDRA-00022-00019530-00020370 select only certain rows or certain studies, in this first example we only select the first 50, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00023-00020370-00021564 rows 5 to 50, and we use the argument subset but we can also select the arguments that
jpwiDb9NDRA-00024-00021564-00022290 fulfill a condition, in this case for example only those whose effect size is above 0.5.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00025-00022680-00023334 If you see the results, we obtain complete different trees, this is a small tree
jpwiDb9NDRA-00026-00023400-00023724 while the previous one is a much larger tree. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00027-00024018-00024786 The next argument, the next parameter that we can change is the pruning parameter is this "c". To
jpwiDb9NDRA-00028-00024786-00025745 prune the tree, we use what we call the "c" standard- error rule and this is the "c", we use in this rule. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00029-00025812-00026795 So if we run it with c=0 and c=0.5,  we obtain also two completely different trees, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00030-00026795-00027510 so with 0.5 we just obtain a small tree, y with zero we obtain a much larger tree. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00031-00027833-00028739 Finally another option of this FEmrt function,  is the Control Function, the control argument. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00032-00028800-00029430 This control argument is quite popular in classification and regression trees,  actually
jpwiDb9NDRA-00033-00029430-00030216 we are using it from the package rpart, which is one of more the most used classification
jpwiDb9NDRA-00034-00030216-00030894 and regression trees packages. In here we can set the number of cross validations we want
jpwiDb9NDRA-00035-00030894-00031710 to do, the minbucket,  the minsplit and also the convergence parameter, so how many
jpwiDb9NDRA-00036-00031926-00032562 studies we need in the final nodes, how many studies do we need in a node, so that we can
jpwiDb9NDRA-00037-00032562-00033312 split it and some other parameters that are used when we create classification or regression trees.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00038-00033768-00034518 Finally we created 3 output functions, first the print function which is what you saw before, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00039-00034614-00035100 there are some small information about the data set and the codes we did, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00040-00035196-00036090 there is a small summary the moderators are T1 and T4 and also a basic scheme of the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00041-00036174-00036900 of the tree so we have the root node which is split into two nodes and the second node is
jpwiDb9NDRA-00042-00036900-00037524 split into two notes again, but we will see it much much better in the summary and the plot functions. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00043-00037716-00038490 Then with summary, we have again this information about this study, the codes ,and the number of
jpwiDb9NDRA-00044-00038490-00039114 moderators also it says the tree has 3 terminal nodes, that we will see it with the plot. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00045-00039180-00039828 Then we are we have the results of the permutation test, we use a permutation test because the Q
jpwiDb9NDRA-00046-00039828-00040512 statistic has a chi-square distribution which is usually significant when the sample size is
jpwiDb9NDRA-00047-00040512-00041406 large enough. Then we use the permutation test to protect against type 1 error, in this case we
jpwiDb9NDRA-00048-00041406-00042378 observe it is a significant and that means that there there are the heterogeneity between studies. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00049-00042540-00043332 Finally, we have a small summary, here we have the 3 terminal nodes, what's the sample size
jpwiDb9NDRA-00050-00043332-00044112 of the terminal nodes, the Q statistic within the each of the terminal nodes, the effect size
jpwiDb9NDRA-00051-00044112-00044838 in a terminal node, the standard error of the effect size in the terminal nodes, the s statistic
jpwiDb9NDRA-00052-00044922-00045432 we compute in the terminal nodes on whether this statistic is significant or not, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00053-00045552-00046032 the confidence interval with the lower lower bound and the upper bound,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00054-00046128-00046974 and we can see these results also in the plot so we have the sample size of each of the nodes, then
jpwiDb9NDRA-00055-00047028-00047784 the moderator so the condition yes or no and again the split here. Then we have
jpwiDb9NDRA-00056-00047886-00048900 another small plot, we see whether the the effect size is far from zero
jpwiDb9NDRA-00057-00049020-00049620 and in this case the 3 of them are significant,  we don't see any overlap with this horizontal line.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00058-00050076-00050736 The second,  the second main function is the one for the random effect model, which is a slightly different.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00059-00050874-00051629 We run something very similar, the same formula, same values for the tree data and "c"
jpwiDb9NDRA-00060-00052062-00052524 and here the options are slightly different.  Well the first one is exactly the same the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00061-00052524-00053316 pruning parameter,  which is against again used for the "c" x standard error rule
jpwiDb9NDRA-00062-00053490-00054144 and again we observe that they are different trees as a result,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00063-00054234-00055074 and then in this function, the control parameters are directly incorporated into the function so
jpwiDb9NDRA-00064-00055074-00055914 they are not used via rpart.control function, but they are incorporated into the function so
jpwiDb9NDRA-00065-00055914-00056910 here we have again the maximum number of leaves,  that means split so the minimum number of studies
jpwiDb9NDRA-00066-00056910-00057576 that we need in a split so that we can split, the convergence parameter, the minbucket which is the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00067-00057576-00058338 number of elements that must be in each of the final nodes and the number of cross validation. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00068-00058470-00059010 So in this case we can decide these parameters for the tree within the function,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00069-00059279-00059994 also in this function there is the lookahead parameter, this lookahead it's a Boolean 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00070-00059994-00060816 if it is true, then we perform the lookahead, the lookahead algorithm and if it is false we don't
jpwiDb9NDRA-00071-00060816-00061794 perform it. The lookahead basically does checks, the next step in the split so every time we split
jpwiDb9NDRA-00072-00061794-00062598 we check we look for the best is split point and split a variable in this case a split moderator, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00073-00062790-00063426 however this Mile and in a local Minima of the loss function
jpwiDb9NDRA-00074-00063504-00064164 if we use the look, the lookahead algorithm,  we don't only check for the best variable and
jpwiDb9NDRA-00075-00064164-00065076 best splitting point in that step, but also in the next one or even two more steps. That tries
jpwiDb9NDRA-00076-00065076-00065916 to prevent finding a local Minima and tries to find a global Minima of the objective function. 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00077-00066186-00066588 In this case, we keep it as false because using the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00078-00066588-00067128 lookahead algorithm is computationally expensive and this is a small tutorial.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00079-00067476-00068190 Again we have three output functions, these ones are similar to the previous. One first
jpwiDb9NDRA-00080-00068190-00068814 we have the print in which we have which are the moderators, second the code, the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00081-00068814-00069558 number of studies and a small summary with the Q between so the Q statistic between, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00082-00069684-00070626 and in well the left and right nodes in each split,  and the Tau Squared which
jpwiDb9NDRA-00083-00070626-00071286 is an important statistic here that measures the dispersion of the two effect sizes between studies, 
jpwiDb9NDRA-00084-00071478-00072024 then we have again a summary which is similar to the previous one, we have the size in each
jpwiDb9NDRA-00085-00072024-00072822 of the nodes of the terminal nodes, the effect size, the standard error of the effect size, then the
jpwiDb9NDRA-00086-00072822-00073866 the statistic that we compute the p-value of this statistic the and then the lower and upper bounds.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00087-00073866-00074832 Again we have also the permutation test, which is again significant, I would say because it's 0.002.
jpwiDb9NDRA-00088-00075156-00075978 Last but not least, the plot of this model we observe here that we have more terminal nodes,
jpwiDb9NDRA-00089-00076164-00076776 more moderators, the advantage of using classification and regression tree is that
jpwiDb9NDRA-00090-00076776-00077340 we can observe interaction between these moderators because of course this group
jpwiDb9NDRA-00091-00077340-00078120 only has the condition of T1=0, but to arrive to this group, we have T1 different from
jpwiDb9NDRA-00092-00078120-00078810 zero, T4=0 and T2 =0, so there are some interactions between the moderators
jpwiDb9NDRA-00093-00078876-00080052 that we can we can find out with metacart and again we have the other small plot, we see that for this
jpwiDb9NDRA-00094-00080052-00081036 second terminal node there is an overlap with the horizontal line and it is because this statistic
jpwiDb9NDRA-00095-00081036-00081654 is not significantly different from zero while the other ones they are significantly different from
jpwiDb9NDRA-00096-00081654-00082626 zero and that is all. This is the tutorial on how to use a metacart, if you have any questions
jpwiDb9NDRA-00097-00082626-00083466 you can let me know, you can find our emails in the metacart documentation that is available on
jpwiDb9NDRA-00098-00083466-00084198 CRAN and we will be glad to help you with this package, thank you very much and see you soon. 
jOc5vufU3yk-00000-00000000-00000196 Hey, why did you click on the thumbnail?
jOc5vufU3yk-00001-00000196-00000422 Are you looking for an effective weight-loss workout?
jOc5vufU3yk-00002-00000422-00000472 Right now,
jOc5vufU3yk-00003-00000472-00000538 just for five minutes,
jOc5vufU3yk-00004-00000538-00000746 we'll start the fat-loss workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00005-00000746-00000853 [Super effective 5 minute whole-body workout]
jOc5vufU3yk-00006-00000853-00001044 Don't go! We haven't started yet.
jOc5vufU3yk-00007-00001044-00001232 Decide after trying it out for just one minute.
jOc5vufU3yk-00008-00001232-00001588 Don't forget to subscribe, like, and turn on notifications.
jOc5vufU3yk-00009-00001588-00001868 Hello, I'm Benny, the Master Coach from Dano TV.
jOc5vufU3yk-00010-00001868-00002178 I've read your mind, and I'm here to help you out.
jOc5vufU3yk-00011-00002178-00002516 You want to lose weight, but it's too cold to work out.
jOc5vufU3yk-00012-00002516-00002774 You don't want to move around,  but you still want to lose weight.
jOc5vufU3yk-00013-00002774-00003050 You want something short and sweet, but effective.
jOc5vufU3yk-00014-00003050-00003164 So I prepared this.
jOc5vufU3yk-00015-00003164-00003460 The most effective way to lose weight  in the shortest period of time.
jOc5vufU3yk-00016-00003460-00003879 You can decide if I'm right after trying out this workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00017-00003879-00004222 Of course, there are a few precautions to take  before doing this amazing workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00018-00004222-00004484 Let's click the link above to check it out.
jOc5vufU3yk-00019-00004484-00004946 Now, let's start the short and sweet, 5 minute interval training!
jOc5vufU3yk-00020-00004946-00005122 [Super effective 5 minute whole body workout]
jOc5vufU3yk-00021-00005122-00005336 I'll start with the first exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00022-00005336-00005600 Put your feet together and hands together
jOc5vufU3yk-00023-00005600-00005778 Ready, start.
jOc5vufU3yk-00024-00005778-00005944 One, two
jOc5vufU3yk-00025-00005944-00006078 One, two
jOc5vufU3yk-00026-00006078-00006300 It's a double jump exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00027-00006382-00006536 Continue breathing slowly,
jOc5vufU3yk-00028-00006536-00006738 as you repeat this move.
jOc5vufU3yk-00029-00006738-00007188 Today's workout constitutes of  20 seconds of exercise and 20 seconds of rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00030-00007188-00007428 Since we'll be resting after twenty seconds,
jOc5vufU3yk-00031-00007428-00007600 Give it all you've got!
jOc5vufU3yk-00032-00007830-00008252 For the 20 second rest, we'll walk on spot.
jOc5vufU3yk-00033-00008426-00008660 So far so good, right?
jOc5vufU3yk-00034-00008660-00008816 Continue breathing.
jOc5vufU3yk-00035-00008816-00009044 High intensity interval training
jOc5vufU3yk-00036-00009044-00009714 is a method that alternates between high intensity exercises and rests, or low intensity exercises.
jOc5vufU3yk-00037-00009918-00010221 We'll move on to the second exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00038-00010222-00010480 Let's start the second exercise slowly.
jOc5vufU3yk-00039-00010480-00010724 Sit down, and stand up, as if you're jumping!
jOc5vufU3yk-00040-00010724-00010790 Let's start!
jOc5vufU3yk-00041-00011120-00011234 Continue breathing.
jOc5vufU3yk-00042-00011290-00011442 Breathe out as you go up.
jOc5vufU3yk-00043-00011726-00012146 The most important part is to enjoy this workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00044-00012146-00012528 Let's keep smiling through the workout!
jOc5vufU3yk-00045-00012528-00012592 Smile :)
jOc5vufU3yk-00046-00012974-00013063 Great.
jOc5vufU3yk-00047-00013063-00013154 Let's walk on spot.
jOc5vufU3yk-00048-00013226-00013376 It should be good so far.
jOc5vufU3yk-00049-00013446-00013996 The most important thing is to make sure that you  give all you've got during the 20 seconds of workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00050-00013996-00014480 And for the 20 seconds of rest,  be sure to rest up nice and easy.
jOc5vufU3yk-00051-00014597-00014952 Check how fast your heart is beating.
jOc5vufU3yk-00052-00015074-00015258 Let's continue the workout, focusing on your body.
jOc5vufU3yk-00053-00015347-00015606 Come back, and let's start with the star jump.
jOc5vufU3yk-00054-00015606-00015912 One, two, three, four.
jOc5vufU3yk-00055-00015912-00016182 It's important to keep your pace consistent.
jOc5vufU3yk-00056-00016182-00016416 Today's exercises are high intensity exercises.
jOc5vufU3yk-00057-00016416-00016750 So try to push yourself to your limit.
jOc5vufU3yk-00058-00016750-00017002 One, two, three, four!
jOc5vufU3yk-00059-00017244-00017392 Are you guys keeping up with my speed?
jOc5vufU3yk-00060-00017686-00017808 Stop there.
jOc5vufU3yk-00061-00017808-00017974 It's time for a rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00062-00018228-00018534 Guys, why are you doing this exercise now?
jOc5vufU3yk-00063-00018534-00018788 You're doing this to lose weight, right?
jOc5vufU3yk-00064-00018788-00019044 An important thing to keep in mind is that
jOc5vufU3yk-00065-00019044-00019312 you're expending calories as you work out,
jOc5vufU3yk-00066-00019312-00019610 but you're also expending calories as you rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00067-00019610-00019810 That's why high intensity training is so important.
jOc5vufU3yk-00068-00020164-00020280 We'll do the next exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00069-00020362-00020568 Ready, start.
jOc5vufU3yk-00070-00020568-00020778 Reach down, as if you're creating a X shape.
jOc5vufU3yk-00071-00020778-00020878 The other side.
jOc5vufU3yk-00072-00020966-00021302 It's important to give all you've got for these workouts.
jOc5vufU3yk-00073-00021302-00021384 Let's speed up!
jOc5vufU3yk-00074-00021454-00021530 Energetically!
jOc5vufU3yk-00075-00021592-00021700 As you come up, breathe out!
jOc5vufU3yk-00076-00021822-00022244 If you're thinking this isn't that high intensity,
jOc5vufU3yk-00077-00022244-00022338 jump up as well!
jOc5vufU3yk-00078-00022862-00022996 Let's rest, by walking on spot.
jOc5vufU3yk-00079-00023068-00023346 Calm your body down again.
jOc5vufU3yk-00080-00023640-00023750 You're doing great.
jOc5vufU3yk-00081-00023806-00024174 Again, check your heartbeat with your hand.
jOc5vufU3yk-00082-00024264-00024664 If your body is feeling warm, you're sweating and getting out of breath,
jOc5vufU3yk-00083-00024664-00024824 You're doing a good job.
jOc5vufU3yk-00084-00025036-00025146 We'll go down in a plank position.
jOc5vufU3yk-00085-00025252-00025378 In a plank position,
jOc5vufU3yk-00086-00025464-00025614 keep your hipbones stable,
jOc5vufU3yk-00087-00025614-00025688 and touch in front of you.
jOc5vufU3yk-00088-00026186-00026760 With this exercise as well, you should  give it all you've got, following your own rhythm.
jOc5vufU3yk-00089-00026876-00027145 If this is too difficult, just stay in a plank position.
jOc5vufU3yk-00090-00027145-00027312 If you can do this, try it out.
jOc5vufU3yk-00091-00027674-00027752 Stop there.
jOc5vufU3yk-00092-00027920-00028142 Let's walk on spot again.
jOc5vufU3yk-00093-00028427-00028758 If you get dizzy or tired working out like this,
jOc5vufU3yk-00094-00028758-00029050 pause the video for a moment and rest up.
jOc5vufU3yk-00095-00029256-00029416 You guys are doing awesome.
jOc5vufU3yk-00096-00029818-00029910 I'm getting tired as well.
jOc5vufU3yk-00097-00030180-00030383 For the next exercise, we'll go down again.
jOc5vufU3yk-00098-00030532-00030708 Let's start with the mountain climbers.
jOc5vufU3yk-00099-00030933-00031216 Breathe out as you pull your knees up.
jOc5vufU3yk-00100-00031477-00031662 It's a high intensity workout, so if you can, try this.
jOc5vufU3yk-00101-00031883-00032012 It's best to do it quickly.
jOc5vufU3yk-00102-00032012-00032354 If it gets too difficult, just stay in this position.
jOc5vufU3yk-00103-00032354-00032483 We don't have much left!
jOc5vufU3yk-00104-00032782-00032848 Stop there.
jOc5vufU3yk-00105-00033106-00033204 Let's rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00106-00033240-00033428 As you rest,
jOc5vufU3yk-00107-00033428-00033562 we'll walk on spot
jOc5vufU3yk-00108-00033562-00033858 to maintain the tension of the workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00109-00034148-00034290 We really don't have much left.
jOc5vufU3yk-00110-00034560-00034668 We've only got two more left!
jOc5vufU3yk-00111-00035224-00035610 Fists up, and get ready.
jOc5vufU3yk-00112-00035610-00035756 Let's start right away!
jOc5vufU3yk-00113-00035940-00036280 Push up with a lot of power and energy!
jOc5vufU3yk-00114-00036280-00036462 Try to reach for the ceiling.
jOc5vufU3yk-00115-00036732-00036832 It's a high intensity workout.
jOc5vufU3yk-00116-00036876-00036990 So what should you do?
jOc5vufU3yk-00117-00036990-00037118 Reach up high!
jOc5vufU3yk-00118-00037238-00037592 If you keep the intensity up now,
jOc5vufU3yk-00119-00037592-00037872 you'll expend more calories as you rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00120-00037942-00038020 You can stop.
jOc5vufU3yk-00121-00038266-00038364 Are you keeping up alright?
jOc5vufU3yk-00122-00038432-00038564 I'm sure you are!
jOc5vufU3yk-00123-00038982-00039162 We'll do the last exercise soon.
jOc5vufU3yk-00124-00039162-00039480 Give yourself some credit for coming this far.
jOc5vufU3yk-00125-00039480-00039622 Good job.
jOc5vufU3yk-00126-00039622-00039766 Let's keep it up until the end!
jOc5vufU3yk-00127-00040256-00040326 Let's start!
jOc5vufU3yk-00128-00040382-00040528 Imagine a square around you in your mind.
jOc5vufU3yk-00129-00040528-00040692 Get ready in a running position.
jOc5vufU3yk-00130-00040692-00040764 Let's start!
jOc5vufU3yk-00131-00040814-00040914 Run on spot!
jOc5vufU3yk-00132-00040970-00041224 You can run even within a small square.
jOc5vufU3yk-00133-00041356-00041490 It's a high intensity workout,  so what should you do again?
jOc5vufU3yk-00134-00041554-00041746 Push yourself to your limit!
jOc5vufU3yk-00135-00042038-00042126 We don't have much left.
jOc5vufU3yk-00136-00042378-00042434 You can do this!
jOc5vufU3yk-00137-00042434-00042534 Feel your limit.
jOc5vufU3yk-00138-00042824-00042910 You can rest.
jOc5vufU3yk-00139-00043058-00043218 [Super effective 5 minute whole-body workout]
jOc5vufU3yk-00140-00043218-00043738 If this workout was too easy for you,
jOc5vufU3yk-00141-00043738-00043900 make this into a set of exercise,
jOc5vufU3yk-00142-00043900-00044238 and you can repeat it for two, three sets.
jOc5vufU3yk-00143-00044238-00044512 If this was too difficult for you,
jOc5vufU3yk-00144-00044512-00044810 just do it until the fourth exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00145-00044810-00045360 And add one exercise at a time from the next day.
jOc5vufU3yk-00146-00045360-00045744 For this workout, you should do a cool-down exercise.
jOc5vufU3yk-00147-00045744-00046222 So click the card above to  finish up your workout with some stretches.
jOc5vufU3yk-00148-00046222-00046392 I'll see you again in the next one.
jOc5vufU3yk-00149-00046392-00046462 Bye!
jOc5vufU3yk-00150-00046528-00046756 Guys, just try it for a month.
jOc5vufU3yk-00151-00046788-00046884 Just do this.
jOc5vufU3yk-00152-00047026-00047118 Ah!
jOc5vufU3yk-00153-00047118-00047366 Don't forget to do stretches.
jS_P34AjFig-00000-00000001-00001104 (Howling wind, chimes, and music)
jS_P34AjFig-00001-00001106-00001705 NPPy:  Mom, didn't there use to be more ice?  NPPy's Mom:  There was more, yes.
jS_P34AjFig-00002-00001707-00002409 NPPy: We've been walking for hours.  Mom, aren't you hungry?
jS_P34AjFig-00003-00002411-00002611 NPPy's Mom:  I am. 
jS_P34AjFig-00004-00002613-00002815 NPPy: Mom check it out it's NPP.
jS_P34AjFig-00005-00002817-00003019 NPPy's Mom:  Well, just do it over there.
jS_P34AjFig-00006-00003021-00003592 NPPy:  No Mom, I mean it's a satellite called NPP and it's flown past us 3 times today.
jS_P34AjFig-00007-00003594-00003799 NPPy's Mom:  Mmhm, can we please keep moving?
jS_P34AjFig-00008-00003801-00004103 NPPy:  No, it's one of NASA's satellites Mom.  (voice fades out)
jS_P34AjFig-00009-00004309-00004909 NPPy:  So NPP basically checks the health of the Earth from Space.  So cool.
jS_P34AjFig-00010-00004911-00005516 That's 5 instruments to help us make better weather predictions and even see what's going on with the climate.
jS_P34AjFig-00011-00005518-00005923 You hear a lot about the climate changing and how big a deal it is for everyone.
jS_P34AjFig-00012-00005925-00006329 But it's hard to really get what that means until you start to see changes at home.
jS_P34AjFig-00013-00006331-00006633 For my Mom and me, it's when our ice goes away.
jS_P34AjFig-00014-00006634-00007136 Might not mean a ton to you, but for us, it's how we find our food.  It's our home.
jS_P34AjFig-00015-00007138-00007445 So how do we know if Earth is healthy or not?
jS_P34AjFig-00016-00007447-00007853 We need to look at it from outer space, using satellites like NPP.
jS_P34AjFig-00017-00007855-00008259 NPP has different sensors that look at different parts of the Earth's environment.
jS_P34AjFig-00018-00008261-00008464 Including the land, sky and water.
jS_P34AjFig-00019-00008466-00009070 Each sensor takes it's own look at what's happening and beams it down to us everytime NPP flies over.
jS_P34AjFig-00020-00009072-00009577 That'll show us what's happening right now to the sea ice, ocean temperatures, 
jS_P34AjFig-00021-00009579-00009982 humidity, clouds and other things on the Earth, our home.
jS_P34AjFig-00022-00009984-00010388 And when we look at all these things together, it can tell us how our Earth is doing.
jS_P34AjFig-00023-00010390-00010889 And we can even compare them to stuff we've done in the past to see how everything is changing.
jS_P34AjFig-00024-00010891-00011290 The coolest thing is NPP will help predict the way things could change in the future.
jS_P34AjFig-00025-00011292-00011594 And that will help us figure out what we need to do now.
jS_P34AjFig-00026-00011596-00011900 NPPy's Mom:  NPPy come on.  Let's go.
jS_P34AjFig-00027-00011902-00012306 NPPy:  OK Mom.  Gotta go, see you later.
jS_P34AjFig-00028-00012308-00012816 Mom, wait up.  Don't go so fast, it's icy.
jS_P34AjFig-00029-00013721-00014319 (Beeping satellite)
jTqtC-snt1o-00000-00000526-00001000 Studio "Think Yourself/Think now"
jTqtC-snt1o-00001-00001655-00002238 hello in case you forgot my name is Thomas Miller if you are here that means
jTqtC-snt1o-00002-00002238-00002624 you're still interested in my popular history show
jTqtC-snt1o-00003-00002624-00003114 if you're looking for my academic lectures to prepare for final exams in
jTqtC-snt1o-00004-00003114-00003678 history then use this link there you will find my lectures included
jTqtC-snt1o-00005-00003678-00004373 in the list of textbooks recommended by the world education Council in 222 here
jTqtC-snt1o-00006-00004373-00004836 I'm conducting a much less formal conversation about history allowing
jTqtC-snt1o-00007-00004836-00005273 myself a few more subjective Assessments in lyrical digressions with a little
jTqtC-snt1o-00008-00005273-00005916 more psychology I call it my creative laboratory today as I promised we're
jTqtC-snt1o-00009-00005916-00006384 going to talk about the socioeconomic crisis of the first quarter of the 21st
jTqtC-snt1o-00010-00006384-00006973 century in case you get tired of seeing my face you can switch to the movie mode
jTqtC-snt1o-00011-00006973-00007895 then you will see the illustration material and not me
jTqtC-snt1o-00012-00008100-00008592 well let's begin my friends the beginning of the 21st century
jTqtC-snt1o-00013-00008592-00009029 occupies an important place in world history Humanity was going through a
jTqtC-snt1o-00014-00009029-00009522 remarkable time then although probably many people saw the times they lived in
jTqtC-snt1o-00015-00009522-00010056 as extraordinary and the most Progressive and yet let's forget for a
jTqtC-snt1o-00016-00010056-00010524 while about the high level of civilization in the 23rd century and put
jTqtC-snt1o-00017-00010524-00010986 ourselves in the place of the people who lived two centuries ago they saw
jTqtC-snt1o-00018-00010986-00011514 tremendous progress literally in a few decades so much was invented at this
jTqtC-snt1o-00019-00011514-00012000 time make human life better and easier the tools and machines became very
jTqtC-snt1o-00020-00012000-00012420 precise just take a look at what 3D printers were capable of and how much
jTqtC-snt1o-00021-00012420-00012863 Medical Technology had Advanced Computers became more and more powerful
jTqtC-snt1o-00022-00012863-00013302 to look at the Internet isn't that magical now people were able to transfer
jTqtC-snt1o-00023-00013302-00013794 gigabytes of data in seconds any information could be obtained in two to
jTqtC-snt1o-00024-00013794-00014328 three clicks and not only information everything the Common Man acquired
jTqtC-snt1o-00025-00014328-00014862 powers that not even the wealthiest Kings of the past could dream of a few
jTqtC-snt1o-00026-00014862-00015341 decades ago all those advances in science and technology seem like pipe
jTqtC-snt1o-00027-00015341-00015750 dreams or fantasies and now they had become commonplace
jTqtC-snt1o-00028-00015750-00016123 a familiar daily reality
jTqtC-snt1o-00029-00016230-00016626 people of the earth were connected as never before in their history first of
jTqtC-snt1o-00030-00016626-00017118 all economically think of all these multinational corporations they were
jTqtC-snt1o-00031-00017118-00017645 everywhere the whole world seemed to have become one large Factory divided
jTqtC-snt1o-00032-00017645-00018173 into many Workshops the economic system was tied by millions of threats people
jTqtC-snt1o-00033-00018173-00018564 in different countries listen to the same popular music played the same video
jTqtC-snt1o-00034-00018564-00018948 games empathize with the same characters of
jTqtC-snt1o-00035-00018948-00019512 the world's best-selling literary books watch the same films and TV
jTqtC-snt1o-00036-00019512-00019986 and wore clothes of the same Brands and how many International organizations
jTqtC-snt1o-00037-00019986-00020322 were responsible for the common good of mankind
jTqtC-snt1o-00038-00020322-00020778 well at least that's what was written in their statutes and numerous declarations
jTqtC-snt1o-00039-00020778-00021456 United Nations World Health Organization UNESCO Greenpeace and other human rights
jTqtC-snt1o-00040-00021456-00021701 organizations
jTqtC-snt1o-00041-00021701-00022145 people shared all kinds of activities they organized International festivals
jTqtC-snt1o-00042-00022145-00022758 sport competitions tournaments and championships conferences and symposia
jTqtC-snt1o-00043-00022758-00023154 there was a feeling that state borders were just a formality
jTqtC-snt1o-00044-00023154-00023648 well at least until this story began
jTqtC-snt1o-00045-00023790-00024187 that the people on Earth lived as one big happy family
jTqtC-snt1o-00046-00024187-00024659 and it seemed that everyone in this large family would eagerly rush to help
jTqtC-snt1o-00047-00024659-00024998 another at the first call
jTqtC-snt1o-00048-00025254-00025554 is
jTqtC-snt1o-00049-00025835-00026558 neposite is
jTqtC-snt1o-00050-00027636-00028200 what a surprise but perhaps this is just an exception a rare unfortunate
jTqtC-snt1o-00051-00028200-00028613 misunderstanding and solidarity and mutual assistance still rule on Earth
jTqtC-snt1o-00052-00028613-00029118 surely the head of the United Nations was aware let's listen to him covid-19
jTqtC-snt1o-00053-00029118-00029633 has been likened to an x-ray revealing fractures in the fragile skeleton of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00054-00029633-00030102 societies we have built it is exposing fallacies and our
jTqtC-snt1o-00055-00030102-00030516 falsewoods everywhere the lie that free markets can deliver
jTqtC-snt1o-00056-00030516-00030852 health care for all the delusion that we live in a
jTqtC-snt1o-00057-00030852-00031266 post-racist world the myth that we are all in the same
jTqtC-snt1o-00058-00031266-00031613 boat because while we are all floating on the
jTqtC-snt1o-00059-00031613-00032195 same sea it is clear that some are in super yachts with others are clinging to
jTqtC-snt1o-00060-00032195-00032778 Drifting debris dear friends inequality defines our time
jTqtC-snt1o-00061-00032778-00033228 more than 70 percent of the world's people are living with Rising income and
jTqtC-snt1o-00062-00033228-00033762 wealth inequality the 26 richest people in the world hold
jTqtC-snt1o-00063-00033762-00034140 as much wealth as of the global population
jTqtC-snt1o-00064-00034140-00034638 in the same speech Antonio guterres stated that humanity is facing the
jTqtC-snt1o-00065-00034638-00035003 deepest Global recession since World War II
jTqtC-snt1o-00066-00035003-00035453 then another 100 million people could be plunged into extreme poverty and that
jTqtC-snt1o-00067-00035453-00035916 our ancestors were threatened by a famine of historical proportions
jTqtC-snt1o-00068-00035916-00036306 but maybe people at least achieve peace on Earth
jTqtC-snt1o-00069-00036306-00036828 alas here is a list of military conflicts Unleashed only at the end of
jTqtC-snt1o-00070-00036828-00037358 the 20th and in the first 20 years of the 21st Century
jTqtC-snt1o-00071-00037590-00038162 what about non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries
jTqtC-snt1o-00072-00038556-00039036 nothing is comforting here either the powerful states intervened in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00073-00039036-00039413 Affairs of less developed countries and even those didn't get along with each
jTqtC-snt1o-00074-00039413-00039672 other
jTqtC-snt1o-00075-00039672-00040122 human rights peace sustainable development food or environmental
jTqtC-snt1o-00076-00040122-00040434 security whatever important issue you would think
jTqtC-snt1o-00077-00040434-00041016 of everywhere the situation was critical or catastrophic how so why were the
jTqtC-snt1o-00078-00041016-00041478 numerous International organizations powerless or ineffective why were the
jTqtC-snt1o-00079-00041478-00041874 promises of the political leaders not fulfilled and why did their declared
jTqtC-snt1o-00080-00041874-00042408 good intentions not lead to a positive result why with all the technological
jTqtC-snt1o-00081-00042408-00042840 progress with all the achievements in science and technology with the most
jTqtC-snt1o-00082-00042840-00043308 powerful productive forces people were still unable to put such phenomena as
jTqtC-snt1o-00083-00043308-00043734 hunger poverty unemployment and homelessness Wars and violence into the
jTqtC-snt1o-00084-00043734-00044208 past why did the Golden Age of humanity not arrive
jTqtC-snt1o-00085-00044208-00044712 the short answer to this question fits into one ten letter word
jTqtC-snt1o-00086-00044712-00045002 capitalism
jTqtC-snt1o-00087-00046862-00047484 let's take a look at what Humanity looked like in economic and social terms
jTqtC-snt1o-00088-00047484-00048030 back in 2016 according to the Oxfam organization the wealth of the richest
jTqtC-snt1o-00089-00048030-00048450 one percent of people on the planet exceeded the wealth of the remaining 99
jTqtC-snt1o-00090-00048450-00048703 percent
jTqtC-snt1o-00091-00048786-00049331 72 million people owned a Fortune of 125 trillion dollars
jTqtC-snt1o-00092-00049331-00050040 in 2021 there were 2755 billionaires in the world
jTqtC-snt1o-00093-00050040-00050563 at the same time in 2018 almost half of the world's population
jTqtC-snt1o-00094-00050563-00051203 3.4 billion people lived on less than five and a half dollars a day
jTqtC-snt1o-00095-00051203-00051702 in 2019 736 million people were languishing in
jTqtC-snt1o-00096-00051702-00052070 the tight grip of extreme poverty on less than
jTqtC-snt1o-00097-00052070-00052447 1.90 cents a day
jTqtC-snt1o-00098-00052476-00052920 2 billion 200 million people on the planet did not have access to clean
jTqtC-snt1o-00099-00052920-00053327 drinking water more than 4 billion people suffered from unsanitary
jTqtC-snt1o-00100-00053327-00053917 conditions 3 billion did not have soap to wash their hands with
jTqtC-snt1o-00101-00053964-00054545 100 million people were homeless an additional 1 billion 600 million
jTqtC-snt1o-00102-00054545-00054917 people worldwide had inadequate housing conditions
jTqtC-snt1o-00103-00054917-00055520 about 15 million people were forcibly evicted every year
jTqtC-snt1o-00104-00055529-00056004 natural resources were distributed extremely unevenly
jTqtC-snt1o-00105-00056004-00056526 the states of the so-called first world consumed most of the planet's energy in
jTqtC-snt1o-00106-00056526-00056810 raw materials
jTqtC-snt1o-00107-00056814-00057336 the only cause of this ever increasing inequality was the capitalist mode of
jTqtC-snt1o-00108-00057336-00057774 production and the main line dividing Humanity was
jTqtC-snt1o-00109-00057774-00058166 private ownership of the means of production
jTqtC-snt1o-00110-00058272-00058722 private ownership of the means of production divided Society into two main
jTqtC-snt1o-00111-00058722-00059124 classes the class of the owners of capital Banks
jTqtC-snt1o-00112-00059124-00059741 factories natural resources and land and the class of people that had no
jTqtC-snt1o-00113-00059741-00060270 other opportunity to earn a living other than to get hired
jTqtC-snt1o-00114-00060270-00060708 most of the material goods were produced by the labor of hired workers
jTqtC-snt1o-00115-00060708-00061266 in 2020 about 55 of the working age population was part of the labor force
jTqtC-snt1o-00116-00061266-00061717 most of these people were hired workers
jTqtC-snt1o-00117-00061764-00062208 the means of production alone could not produce any profit without the labor of
jTqtC-snt1o-00118-00062208-00062567 people the end value of the products created by
jTqtC-snt1o-00119-00062567-00063054 the workers always higher than the cost of production including the cost of
jTqtC-snt1o-00120-00063054-00063527 workers wages and the cost of updating and replacing Machinery equipment
jTqtC-snt1o-00121-00063527-00064044 the rest of the profit which is called Surplus value is pocketed by the
jTqtC-snt1o-00122-00064044-00064398 entrepreneur all the capital that existed on the planet was the
jTqtC-snt1o-00123-00064398-00064907 accumulated unpaid labor of the working class if there was no profit then the
jTqtC-snt1o-00124-00064907-00065262 owner of the capital would go broke and no longer be counted as a capitalist
jTqtC-snt1o-00125-00065262-00065645 with these kind of individual cases could not change the system some
jTqtC-snt1o-00126-00065645-00066060 entrepreneurs could go broke some proletarians are more educated in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00127-00066060-00066456 layers of the proletariat casually miraculously were able to break into the
jTqtC-snt1o-00128-00066456-00066912 capitalist class one thing was always the same the class that owns the means
jTqtC-snt1o-00129-00066912-00067272 of production benefits from the appropriation of the Surplus value
jTqtC-snt1o-00130-00067272-00067764 created by the labor of hired workers such an organization of production and
jTqtC-snt1o-00131-00067764-00068244 distribution of material Goods determine the life of mankind on the scale of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00132-00068244-00068622 entire planet the existing order of things was
jTqtC-snt1o-00133-00068622-00069150 maintained and protected by the state the state was an instrument of coercion
jTqtC-snt1o-00134-00069150-00069486 and violence in the hands of the ruling class
jTqtC-snt1o-00135-00069486-00069906 back in those days people believed that they had power of the ruling class by
jTqtC-snt1o-00136-00069906-00070226 voting in the elections
jTqtC-snt1o-00137-00070470-00070914 but many back then understood that a class that owns the media and can spend
jTqtC-snt1o-00138-00070914-00071322 a lot of money on Election campaigns will always have the power to elect
jTqtC-snt1o-00139-00071322-00071822 those politicians who will protect their interests
jTqtC-snt1o-00140-00071868-00072354 the state machine worked in the interest of the rich laws that were passed in
jTqtC-snt1o-00141-00072354-00072716 parliaments government decisions the work of the courts and the police
jTqtC-snt1o-00142-00072716-00073283 everything was aimed at protecting the interests of the ruling class
jTqtC-snt1o-00143-00073283-00073745 politicians and officials who supposedly ruled the country independently in fact
jTqtC-snt1o-00144-00073745-00074232 always acted within the framework of those interests Society was divided into
jTqtC-snt1o-00145-00074232-00074568 two main classes there were other social inner layers
jTqtC-snt1o-00146-00074568-00075000 there were groups of people like top managers hired directors of companies
jTqtC-snt1o-00147-00075000-00075486 and Enterprises highly paid lawyers Etc who were in the ruling class as they
jTqtC-snt1o-00148-00075486-00075827 didn't own any of the means of production but whose interests status
jTqtC-snt1o-00149-00075827-00076274 and income were much closer to the ruling Elite
jTqtC-snt1o-00150-00076320-00076727 other groups also had pretty comfortable positions as they were successful in
jTqtC-snt1o-00151-00076727-00077207 selling their skills to the capitalists these are highly paid Engineers
jTqtC-snt1o-00152-00077207-00077732 programmers Architects some scientists and doctors
jTqtC-snt1o-00153-00077760-00078107 there was another group of people like famous artists of different genres
jTqtC-snt1o-00154-00078107-00078588 writers actors singers Comedians and other Show Business Stars including
jTqtC-snt1o-00155-00078588-00079026 popular bloggers who came along with the invention of the internet as well as
jTqtC-snt1o-00156-00079026-00079536 eminent professional athletes they performed several social functions
jTqtC-snt1o-00157-00079536-00079992 at once first they distracted the working majority from daily hardships
jTqtC-snt1o-00158-00079992-00080424 and concerns inviting them into the world of Illusions fantasies and
jTqtC-snt1o-00159-00080424-00080748 entertainment second they were kind of a buffer
jTqtC-snt1o-00160-00080748-00081077 between the richest Elite and the rest of the society
jTqtC-snt1o-00161-00081077-00081545 these people were always in sight in the spotlight they talked a lot about
jTqtC-snt1o-00162-00081545-00081948 themselves and created the illusion that they were at the top of the social
jTqtC-snt1o-00163-00081948-00082445 pyramid which was very convenient for the super rich minority most of whom did
jTqtC-snt1o-00164-00082445-00082932 not want such Fame and preferred to remain in the shadows and finally the
jTqtC-snt1o-00165-00082932-00083363 same layer of people by using their Works transmitted those kinds of ideas
jTqtC-snt1o-00166-00083363-00083951 that were necessary and useful for the ruling class the so-called rulers of
jTqtC-snt1o-00167-00083951-00084377 thoughts who influenced public opinion supported certain parties in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00168-00084377-00084816 elections created the attitude necessary for the ruling class towards certain
jTqtC-snt1o-00169-00084816-00085224 phenomena in the minds of whole countries and Nations
jTqtC-snt1o-00170-00085224-00085632 it was presented as uncensored creativity
jTqtC-snt1o-00171-00085632-00086039 but the majority of the creative inner layer could not go against the interests
jTqtC-snt1o-00172-00086039-00086370 of the big business because they depended on the cash flows that were
jTqtC-snt1o-00173-00086370-00086886 coming from it it could be advertising contracts proposals from Publishers and
jTqtC-snt1o-00174-00086886-00087366 producers or grants they also depended on the capital owned media Outlets that
jTqtC-snt1o-00175-00087366-00087763 could end the popularity of anyone simply by denying them airtime
jTqtC-snt1o-00176-00087763-00088183 denigrating them in the media space
jTqtC-snt1o-00177-00088188-00088619 not a single well-known show business person or entertainment professional
jTqtC-snt1o-00178-00088619-00089138 could go against the power of capital without consequences
jTqtC-snt1o-00179-00089195-00089574 another very important group were those who defended the rich from any
jTqtC-snt1o-00180-00089574-00090048 infringement on their property these are the police the special forces
jTqtC-snt1o-00181-00090048-00090444 and the army of course in any country in the world back then they used the same
jTqtC-snt1o-00182-00090444-00090894 justification that sounded like the police ensured the rule of law and order
jTqtC-snt1o-00183-00090894-00091277 in the interests of every citizen the special forces are guarding our common
jTqtC-snt1o-00184-00091277-00091938 security and the Army armed to the teeth protects our homeland but in fact the
jTqtC-snt1o-00185-00091938-00092382 police primarily protected the property and security of the rich Special Forces
jTqtC-snt1o-00186-00092382-00092807 fought against any infringement on the domination of capital and protection of
jTqtC-snt1o-00187-00092807-00093269 the Homeland most often meant protection of business interests of the oligarchy
jTqtC-snt1o-00188-00093269-00093998 times thousands of miles from home and many realize this back then
jTqtC-snt1o-00189-00094722-00095160 award and that's the right that all of you should exercise you have no reason
jTqtC-snt1o-00190-00095160-00095663 to go put your life from the line and kill and die for profit we've been to
jTqtC-snt1o-00191-00095663-00096133 Iraq we've been to Afghanistan and we know what these wars are really about
jTqtC-snt1o-00192-00096133-00096594 and we join the military for many reasons because we need a college
jTqtC-snt1o-00193-00096594-00097110 education because we need a job because we need health care and then we join the
jTqtC-snt1o-00194-00097110-00097506 military and they tell us that our enemies are poor people in caves in
jTqtC-snt1o-00195-00097506-00097913 Afghanistan where poor people in dozens of Iraq but we've been to those
jTqtC-snt1o-00196-00097913-00098298 countries and we know that our enemies are not other poor people abroad
jTqtC-snt1o-00197-00098298-00098772 earnings of the people that let us off work jobs that denied US Health Care to
jTqtC-snt1o-00198-00098772-00099162 make it impossible to get an education our enemies are not in the poorest
jTqtC-snt1o-00199-00099162-00099662 countries on the planet but right here in the richest one
jTqtC-snt1o-00200-00099666-00100068 there were other groups in the society less stable than the big bourgeoisie
jTqtC-snt1o-00201-00100068-00100482 there was for example medium-sized Capital which also lived on the
jTqtC-snt1o-00202-00100482-00100842 exploitation of someone else's labor but did not reach the heights of the big
jTqtC-snt1o-00203-00100842-00101394 business even lower in the socioeconomic hierarchy was the petty bourgeoisie
jTqtC-snt1o-00204-00101394-00101832 the small business owners who worked by themselves or who hired a small number
jTqtC-snt1o-00205-00101832-00102210 of workers people of this social group on rare
jTqtC-snt1o-00206-00102210-00102648 occasions Rose higher and became rich but more often they went broke and
jTqtC-snt1o-00207-00102648-00103004 joined the ranks of wage workers
jTqtC-snt1o-00208-00103019-00103572 and finally one more social layer the lump in proletarian these are the
jTqtC-snt1o-00209-00103572-00103919 economically declass group of the population
jTqtC-snt1o-00210-00103919-00104393 homeless Beggars and criminals they often add neither property nor
jTqtC-snt1o-00211-00104393-00104855 profession and lived on random income often earning
jTqtC-snt1o-00212-00104855-00105372 their livelihoods by criminal means one can go deeper into the description
jTqtC-snt1o-00213-00105372-00105900 of these groups but we will not do this I will emphasize again the main division
jTqtC-snt1o-00214-00105900-00106266 of humanity took place along the line of private ownership of the means of
jTqtC-snt1o-00215-00106266-00106640 production the very tiny minority who owned Capital
jTqtC-snt1o-00216-00106640-00107267 Banks Enterprises land and natural resources lived in luxury exploiting the
jTqtC-snt1o-00217-00107267-00107676 labor of wage workers and the vast majority could not make a
jTqtC-snt1o-00218-00107676-00108041 living other than being hired by a capitalist or serving the capitalist
jTqtC-snt1o-00219-00108041-00108408 state what would have happened to a healthy
jTqtC-snt1o-00220-00108408-00108794 adult who suddenly stopped working back then
jTqtC-snt1o-00221-00108864-00109400 the majority of ordinary people did not have any significant savings
jTqtC-snt1o-00222-00109482-00109902 therefore anyone who did not receive help from his or her relatives or
jTqtC-snt1o-00223-00109902-00110502 friends would be in an inevitable crisis very soon this person would be
jTqtC-snt1o-00224-00110502-00110952 threatened by poverty homelessness or even hunger
jTqtC-snt1o-00225-00110952-00111335 in the 21st century one of the most popular comments under videos about
jTqtC-snt1o-00226-00111335-00111702 Homeless was we are all one paycheck away from
jTqtC-snt1o-00227-00111702-00111961 homelessness
jTqtC-snt1o-00228-00112098-00112661 yes formally people were free there were no slave owners or guards to force them
jTqtC-snt1o-00229-00112661-00112891 to work
jTqtC-snt1o-00230-00112926-00113303 the armed feudal Lord did not force them to plow the field
jTqtC-snt1o-00231-00113303-00113858 but there was a much more subtle way of making the proletarian work
jTqtC-snt1o-00232-00113861-00114296 Enterprises and most of the money supply were in the hands of the capitalists
jTqtC-snt1o-00233-00114296-00114785 therefore the overwhelming majority of people of our planet had only one choice
jTqtC-snt1o-00234-00114785-00115344 to sell their labor force or ability to work and return for a possibility to
jTqtC-snt1o-00235-00115344-00115764 survive people's lives their ability to work
jTqtC-snt1o-00236-00115764-00116244 became a commodity moreover the people themselves had no control over what they
jTqtC-snt1o-00237-00116244-00116622 were selling the demand for this commodity was determined by the
jTqtC-snt1o-00238-00116622-00117017 spontaneity of emerging market conditions and by the interests of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00239-00117017-00117570 employer under capitalism one cannot be guaranteed employment whether you are a
jTqtC-snt1o-00240-00117570-00117983 worker or a holder of a University diploma so it turns out that most of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00241-00117983-00118391 proletarians depended solely on the needs of a capitalists in any particular
jTqtC-snt1o-00242-00118391-00118746 moment for example if relocation of an
jTqtC-snt1o-00243-00118746-00119100 Enterprise to a country with a cheap labor force promises the owner more
jTqtC-snt1o-00244-00119100-00119550 profits than it will be done it does not matter if all of the workers will be
jTqtC-snt1o-00245-00119550-00120005 fired let them look for another job if they can find it no one would care about
jTqtC-snt1o-00246-00120005-00120602 their high qualifications those problems don't bother a capitalist
jTqtC-snt1o-00247-00120629-00121122 and as soon as the workers begin to perform their duties the mechanics of a
jTqtC-snt1o-00248-00121122-00121553 capitalist labor discipline begin to operate forcing the employees to meekly
jTqtC-snt1o-00249-00121553-00122000 and obediently fulfill the will of their master
jTqtC-snt1o-00250-00122000-00122453 the threat of losing your job and the fear of losing your livelihood were the
jTqtC-snt1o-00251-00122453-00122946 main motives to work even if the working conditions were poor
jTqtC-snt1o-00252-00122946-00123341 and the more the crisis in the economy grew the more the capitalists took
jTqtC-snt1o-00253-00123341-00123822 advantage of this fear they reduced the salary of their employee they forced the
jTqtC-snt1o-00254-00123822-00124128 workers to work harder they would penalize the workers without a reason
jTqtC-snt1o-00255-00124128-00124548 they knew the workers would tolerate this because many unemployed people were
jTqtC-snt1o-00256-00124548-00124859 waiting to get a job outside the factory Gates
jTqtC-snt1o-00257-00124859-00125441 in 2015 75 percent of all workers in the world had practically no social
jTqtC-snt1o-00258-00125441-00125964 guarantees they worked based on temporary contracts
jTqtC-snt1o-00259-00125964-00126659 or without contracts at all and in 2020 470 million people in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00260-00126659-00127176 world were completely jobless contrary to the ideas of many people
jTqtC-snt1o-00261-00127176-00127703 living in the 21st century the state did not serve the interests of
jTqtC-snt1o-00262-00127703-00128178 the society as a whole it served the interests of the ruling class the class
jTqtC-snt1o-00263-00128178-00128576 of owners of large private property
jTqtC-snt1o-00264-00128609-00128988 the ordinary state employees and private employees were treated more or less in
jTqtC-snt1o-00265-00128988-00129235 the same way
jTqtC-snt1o-00266-00129378-00129902 furthermore most of the people were in debt bondage
jTqtC-snt1o-00267-00129911-00130350 constant need to pay their debt to the bankers presenters forced them to put up
jTqtC-snt1o-00268-00130350-00130682 with harsher exploitation
jTqtC-snt1o-00269-00130729-00131141 wage workers felt that their work didn't belong to them
jTqtC-snt1o-00270-00131141-00131555 the main goal of any capitalist Enterprise was the enrichment of its
jTqtC-snt1o-00271-00131555-00131850 owner this meant that the workers were
jTqtC-snt1o-00272-00131850-00132305 alienated from the fruits of their labor it was appropriated by the capitalist
jTqtC-snt1o-00273-00132305-00132803 therefore people were alienated from the process of Labor as well there was no
jTqtC-snt1o-00274-00132803-00133224 motivation for good conscientious labor because the fruits of human labor did
jTqtC-snt1o-00275-00133224-00133655 not belong to the person performing the labor a person turned into a mercenary
jTqtC-snt1o-00276-00133655-00134208 doing everything formally uninspiring without exerting creative forces his
jTqtC-snt1o-00277-00134208-00134808 work had to be controlled and observed as a result a person was alienated from
jTqtC-snt1o-00278-00134808-00135282 his creative essence finally the people became alienated from
jTqtC-snt1o-00279-00135282-00135600 each other individualistic interests were always a
jTqtC-snt1o-00280-00135600-00136091 priority this gave rise to a certain system of relations where people often
jTqtC-snt1o-00281-00136091-00136544 saw each other as a source of profit or as a competitor that one had to beat
jTqtC-snt1o-00282-00136544-00137102 individualism and ignorance were cultivated as social norms
jTqtC-snt1o-00283-00137198-00137603 richer and more powerful often despise the poor
jTqtC-snt1o-00284-00137603-00138090 The Prestige of Labor especially productive labor was falling because the
jTqtC-snt1o-00285-00138090-00138594 main measure of success was money labor was for fools losers who were not able
jTqtC-snt1o-00286-00138594-00139103 to make money quickly such an attitude towards work nullified all its value the
jTqtC-snt1o-00287-00139103-00139548 main values were unrestrained consumption and the ability not to work
jTqtC-snt1o-00288-00139548-00140028 at all to live in idleness very rarely did anyone enjoy their work
jTqtC-snt1o-00289-00140028-00140378 and did it creatively
jTqtC-snt1o-00290-00140412-00140994 capitalism does not exist without labor but let's remember how the so-called
jTqtC-snt1o-00291-00140994-00141588 free market and Free quote-unquote Labor began it's ridiculous but even in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00292-00141588-00142098 21st century the ordinary people were imagining it in a pretty idealistic way
jTqtC-snt1o-00293-00142098-00142596 where smart and dexterous entrepreneurs would hire workers to produce Goods that
jTqtC-snt1o-00294-00142596-00142955 are in demand and where workers would get paid
jTqtC-snt1o-00295-00142955-00143424 appropriately of course but how did this market economy so
jTqtC-snt1o-00296-00143424-00144000 beloved by many at the time get started there are two things required for
jTqtC-snt1o-00297-00144000-00144594 capitalist production to emerge first we need gold and silver that will
jTqtC-snt1o-00298-00144594-00145008 be used to create Enterprises and not just accumulate in someone's treasure
jTqtC-snt1o-00299-00145008-00145238 chest
jTqtC-snt1o-00300-00145253-00145644 secondly there must be a large number of poor people who are legally free but
jTqtC-snt1o-00301-00145644-00146082 have no means to make a living
jTqtC-snt1o-00302-00146082-00146729 to survive they will be forced to work for business owners
jTqtC-snt1o-00303-00146729-00147203 capitalism is impossible without available money in unoccupied labor
jTqtC-snt1o-00304-00147203-00147641 both appeared in Western Europe in the process of the initial accumulation of
jTqtC-snt1o-00305-00147641-00147978 capital it took place from the late 15th to the
jTqtC-snt1o-00306-00147978-00148458 18th century and in some countries it dragged on until the end of the 19th
jTqtC-snt1o-00307-00148458-00148890 century Colonial plunder became one of the main
jTqtC-snt1o-00308-00148890-00149291 sources of wealth at the dawn of capitalism from the mines opened in
jTqtC-snt1o-00309-00149291-00149705 America tons of gold and silver were transported to Europe
jTqtC-snt1o-00310-00149705-00150191 an conquerors mercilessly exterminated the natives of the new world forced them
jTqtC-snt1o-00311-00150191-00150588 to work in Africa the slave trade flourished the
jTqtC-snt1o-00312-00150588-00150912 continent turned into a hunting ground for live Goods
jTqtC-snt1o-00313-00150912-00151398 in the 16th century black slaves were brought to South in North America where
jTqtC-snt1o-00314-00151398-00151872 their labor and mines and plantations were mercilessly exploited
jTqtC-snt1o-00315-00151872-00152429 as one thinker aptly remarked newborn Capital exudes blood and dirt from all
jTqtC-snt1o-00316-00152429-00153060 his pores from head to toe one couldn't have said it better
jTqtC-snt1o-00317-00153060-00153546 in the same way a new exploited class the class of hired workers the
jTqtC-snt1o-00318-00153546-00154074 proletariat was forged through their most ruthless violence
jTqtC-snt1o-00319-00154074-00154512 let's remember how this process began and take England as an example
jTqtC-snt1o-00320-00154512-00155003 in the 16th century the demand for English wool grew both abroad it was
jTqtC-snt1o-00321-00155003-00155453 exported to the Netherlands and in England itself it had its Woolen
jTqtC-snt1o-00322-00155453-00155952 industry more and more sheep pastures were needed
jTqtC-snt1o-00323-00155952-00156294 therefore landowners that were in the business of sheep breeding and textile
jTqtC-snt1o-00324-00156294-00156762 production actively seized communal lands which were jointly owned by
jTqtC-snt1o-00325-00156762-00157350 peasants and feudal Lords soon the landlords and gentry began to
jTqtC-snt1o-00326-00157350-00157867 crowd out the peasants who did not own any land by raising the rent
jTqtC-snt1o-00327-00157908-00158279 unable to pay their increased rent peasants were forced to leave their
jTqtC-snt1o-00328-00158279-00158600 plots
jTqtC-snt1o-00329-00158600-00159198 excavated land was fenced in and usually used as New Pasture
jTqtC-snt1o-00330-00159198-00159684 that's where the name of this practice came from fencing
jTqtC-snt1o-00331-00159684-00160164 deprived of land The Peasants began to look for ways to feed themselves at best
jTqtC-snt1o-00332-00160164-00160584 they turned into agriculture or manufacturing wage workers many people
jTqtC-snt1o-00333-00160584-00160865 lost their homes along with their portion of land
jTqtC-snt1o-00334-00160865-00161436 that caused a lot of misery people became Nomads Beggars poppers merciless
jTqtC-snt1o-00335-00161436-00161898 laws were issued against them according to the law on the fight against vagrancy
jTqtC-snt1o-00336-00161898-00162353 poppers were not only beaten with whips branded handcuffed in stocks and
jTqtC-snt1o-00337-00162353-00162834 shackles but also put to death during the reign of Henry VII over
jTqtC-snt1o-00338-00162834-00163253 seventy thousand so-called stubborn Beggars including women and children
jTqtC-snt1o-00339-00163253-00163902 were hanged in just 15 years the blame for being poor was entirely placed on
jTqtC-snt1o-00340-00163902-00164267 the impoverished themselves the prototypes of the first workhouses
jTqtC-snt1o-00341-00164267-00164700 appeared in England the second half of the 16th century
jTqtC-snt1o-00342-00164700-00165258 for example London Bridewell prison in such establishments homeless and
jTqtC-snt1o-00343-00165258-00165660 unemployed britons worked in hard labor conditions for the most meager food roof
jTqtC-snt1o-00344-00165660-00166241 over their heads often they were humiliated and abused
jTqtC-snt1o-00345-00166241-00166722 this hell for the poor lasted until the 1940s
jTqtC-snt1o-00346-00166722-00167348 in 2013 a documentary was released on the history of UK workhouses
jTqtC-snt1o-00347-00167424-00167850 famous people whose ancestors ended up in these institutions took part in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00348-00167850-00168294 filming with deep anguish they spoke of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00349-00168294-00168672 suffering of their relatives they were outraged by the cruelty with which their
jTqtC-snt1o-00350-00168672-00169086 relatives were treated they were surprised by the indifference
jTqtC-snt1o-00351-00169086-00169584 of society to the poor and disadvantaged at the end of the film the authors
jTqtC-snt1o-00352-00169584-00169967 concluded that the system in the 21st century had become much more Humane
jTqtC-snt1o-00353-00169967-00170460 concerning the poor but as the situation changed in the 21st
jTqtC-snt1o-00354-00170460-00170940 century since the earlier times this homeless Englishman was fined 80
jTqtC-snt1o-00355-00170940-00171462 Euros for begging and this American woman was arrested
jTqtC-snt1o-00356-00171462-00171870 because she was sleeping in her car she could have slept on the sidewalk
jTqtC-snt1o-00357-00171870-00172422 next to her parked car but she was not allowed to sleep in her car
jTqtC-snt1o-00358-00172422-00172836 the people without shelter were fine the police mercilessly demolished their tent
jTqtC-snt1o-00359-00172836-00173477 camps and destroyed their belongings the area of skid row became Infamous in
jTqtC-snt1o-00360-00173477-00173867 Los Angeles where thousands of homeless people were constantly living
jTqtC-snt1o-00361-00173867-00174467 France Germany Italy in the 21st century in any country of the so-called first
jTqtC-snt1o-00362-00174467-00174858 world you could meet people without a roof over their heads surely they were
jTqtC-snt1o-00363-00174858-00175170 not hanged for vagrancy as the time of The Tudors
jTqtC-snt1o-00364-00175170-00175541 but can we call the conditions of their existing humane
jTqtC-snt1o-00365-00175541-00176015 some homeless people even worked homeless workers there were even
jTqtC-snt1o-00366-00176015-00176394 families forced to live with their children in cars
jTqtC-snt1o-00367-00176394-00176910 capitalism was born with these genetic ulcers poverty unemployment and
jTqtC-snt1o-00368-00176910-00177222 homelessness and over the centuries of its existence
jTqtC-snt1o-00369-00177222-00177786 did not get rid of them and it couldn't get rid of them why because then it
jTqtC-snt1o-00370-00177786-00178296 would stop being capitalism poverty unemployment and homelessness were not
jTqtC-snt1o-00371-00178296-00178727 just inevitable the ruling class needed them as a constant threat for the
jTqtC-snt1o-00372-00178727-00179232 proletarians don't want to work hard find yourself at the bottom therefore be
jTqtC-snt1o-00373-00179232-00179658 afraid to lose your job do not argue with your boss
jTqtC-snt1o-00374-00179658-00180108 capitalism accumulated thousands of contradictions which simply could not be
jTqtC-snt1o-00375-00180108-00180534 resolved within the present framework the appropriation of the Surplus value
jTqtC-snt1o-00376-00180534-00180960 created by the working class was the main thing in the capitalist mode of
jTqtC-snt1o-00377-00180960-00181391 production therefore capitalism remained a
jTqtC-snt1o-00378-00181391-00182015 parasitic and exploitative economic system the whole time it existed
jTqtC-snt1o-00379-00182015-00182441 all the benefits produced by the workers primarily went to the enrichment and
jTqtC-snt1o-00380-00182441-00182958 luxurious existence of the bourgeoisie class and its servants
jTqtC-snt1o-00381-00182958-00183384 the working people received the benefits from their labor only on a leftover
jTqtC-snt1o-00382-00183384-00184062 basis usually in low amounts no reform Financial handouts or
jTqtC-snt1o-00383-00184062-00184536 temporary relaxation of exploitation could fundamentally change anything
jTqtC-snt1o-00384-00184536-00184865 if one day the capitalists made concessions the next day he would take
jTqtC-snt1o-00385-00184865-00185429 them back and demand even more Stern states that served as an example
jTqtC-snt1o-00386-00185429-00186008 for their social policies so suspending was constantly cut
jTqtC-snt1o-00387-00186114-00186546 from 1990 to 2020 the salaries of the ordinary workers in the United States
jTqtC-snt1o-00388-00186546-00187122 not only did not grow but fell and that is without taking into account inflation
jTqtC-snt1o-00389-00187122-00187553 meanwhile the salaries and bonuses of the top managers and the incomes of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00390-00187553-00188105 richest business owners soared property stratification poverty and
jTqtC-snt1o-00391-00188105-00188448 misery have always accompanied the market economy
jTqtC-snt1o-00392-00188448-00188922 that means that bad neighborhoods slums favelas and the social bottom were
jTqtC-snt1o-00393-00188922-00189476 inevitable in a capitalist Society the crime was also inevitable
jTqtC-snt1o-00394-00189476-00189965 disadvantaged people deprived of means for a decent livelihood and work more
jTqtC-snt1o-00395-00189965-00190410 easily embarked on a criminal path beginning to steal Rob and kill
jTqtC-snt1o-00396-00190410-00190841 and it is foolish to demand to be kind gentle and law abiding from those who
jTqtC-snt1o-00397-00190841-00191339 are brought up at the bottom in an atmosphere of Cruelty and indifference
jTqtC-snt1o-00398-00191339-00191772 if a person does not receive warmth and Care from his or her childhood as his or
jTqtC-snt1o-00399-00191772-00192132 her parents were also in a desperate situation if quality education is not
jTqtC-snt1o-00400-00192132-00192479 available if there are no prospects other than working for pennies or the
jTqtC-snt1o-00401-00192479-00192864 street jungle of the criminal world then most likely the person will follow the
jTqtC-snt1o-00402-00192864-00193302 path of life that society and conditions dictated to him you can say whatever you
jTqtC-snt1o-00403-00193302-00193734 want about personal responsibility freedom of choice and willpower but it
jTqtC-snt1o-00404-00193734-00194112 is not the consciousness of men that determines their being but on the
jTqtC-snt1o-00405-00194112-00194567 contrary their social being that determines their Consciousness it was
jTqtC-snt1o-00406-00194567-00194903 not only the poor and the disadvantage who are inclined towards criminal
jTqtC-snt1o-00407-00194903-00195402 activity people also resorted to fraud theft and prostitution in various forms
jTqtC-snt1o-00408-00195402-00195936 because honest work for the capitalists could not guarantee well-being in growth
jTqtC-snt1o-00409-00195936-00196332 such a life led to massive suffering from mental illness and psychological
jTqtC-snt1o-00410-00196332-00196800 disorders world was drowned in alcohol and other
jTqtC-snt1o-00411-00196800-00197339 narcotic substances mass culture also continuously supported intellectual and
jTqtC-snt1o-00412-00197339-00197702 moral degradation in society
jTqtC-snt1o-00413-00197741-00198215 what kind of values did it propagate the worship of money The Cult of consumption
jTqtC-snt1o-00414-00198215-00198755 sex parasitism and violence all the best that mankind created and
jTqtC-snt1o-00415-00198755-00199296 accumulated in its entire history real masterpieces had been in the shadows of
jTqtC-snt1o-00416-00199296-00199746 low-grade consumer goods that were always in sight which flowed through the
jTqtC-snt1o-00417-00199746-00200136 consciousness of people practically from their very birth
jTqtC-snt1o-00418-00200136-00200544 accustomed to the most primitive art forms the younger generation could not
jTqtC-snt1o-00419-00200544-00200970 understand and appreciate real art their aesthetic preferences had already been
jTqtC-snt1o-00420-00200970-00201389 formed in addition to this there was an education crisis in capitalist countries
jTqtC-snt1o-00421-00201389-00201827 people hardly became any more intelligent or well-read or cultured in
jTqtC-snt1o-00422-00201827-00202301 such conditions both were degraded the oppressors and the oppressed
jTqtC-snt1o-00423-00202301-00202703 the majority of the working class tried to make ends meet
jTqtC-snt1o-00424-00202703-00203100 they had no money for a good education and there was practically no energy or
jTqtC-snt1o-00425-00203100-00203444 time left for self-education
jTqtC-snt1o-00426-00203688-00204258 the exploiting class was degrading by living in a Carefree luxury environment
jTqtC-snt1o-00427-00204258-00204755 for more and more people life became less and less creative and constructive
jTqtC-snt1o-00428-00204755-00205085 for the owners of the means of production it became an ongoing
jTqtC-snt1o-00429-00205085-00205463 competition in the appropriation of other people's labor
jTqtC-snt1o-00430-00205463-00205896 but in this game the employees had to manage to survive
jTqtC-snt1o-00431-00205896-00206328 for both life was losing all of its human meaning
jTqtC-snt1o-00432-00206328-00206832 for some because they were parasites for others because they were slaves
jTqtC-snt1o-00433-00206832-00207317 ultimately both of them were slaves of capital
jTqtC-snt1o-00434-00207317-00207713 a huge portion of human laborers wasted on satisfying the rich in their
jTqtC-snt1o-00435-00207713-00208158 irrepressible thirst for luxury human energy and forces were not
jTqtC-snt1o-00436-00208158-00208752 directed to intellectual development not to solving urgent problems they were
jTqtC-snt1o-00437-00208752-00209256 thrown into the creation of luxury goods into feasts and parties of the rich into
jTqtC-snt1o-00438-00209256-00209783 their expensive entertainment Humanity did not live work for the
jTqtC-snt1o-00439-00209783-00210126 comprehensive development and satisfaction of everyone's needs as it
jTqtC-snt1o-00440-00210126-00210476 does now foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00441-00210476-00210917 goal of the economic system is to make a profit then everything else becomes
jTqtC-snt1o-00442-00210917-00211298 secondary or even tertiary
jTqtC-snt1o-00443-00211319-00211782 the education and health of workers their living conditions rights freedoms
jTqtC-snt1o-00444-00211782-00212219 security and even peace were constantly trampled on for the sake of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00445-00212219-00212573 enrichment of a handful of already rich capitalists
jTqtC-snt1o-00446-00212573-00213048 the lives of hundreds of millions were crushed senselessly burned out in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00447-00213048-00213414 forced labor to satisfy the rich
jTqtC-snt1o-00448-00213414-00213804 there was another important problem the way scientific and technological
jTqtC-snt1o-00449-00213804-00214290 achievements were used the question is how many useful
jTqtC-snt1o-00450-00214290-00214644 inventions were never released because they were not beneficial to the
jTqtC-snt1o-00451-00214644-00215064 capitalists our modern scientists have found
jTqtC-snt1o-00452-00215064-00215442 thousands of cases where corporations businesses and governments and
jTqtC-snt1o-00453-00215442-00215880 capitalist States deliberately held back progress
jTqtC-snt1o-00454-00215880-00216246 the technologies that mankind already invented back then would have been
jTqtC-snt1o-00455-00216246-00216707 enough to radically improve the lives of most of the people on earth
jTqtC-snt1o-00456-00216707-00217223 the only obstacle to this was the market economy everything that was produced on
jTqtC-snt1o-00457-00217223-00217728 the planet was first of all a commodity for sale and only secondly a product for
jTqtC-snt1o-00458-00217728-00218207 satisfying human needs let's take medicine as an example it was
jTqtC-snt1o-00459-00218207-00218604 difficult to obtain highly qualified medical care only wealthy people could
jTqtC-snt1o-00460-00218604-00219023 afford it without any restrictions the technological development was not the
jTqtC-snt1o-00461-00219023-00219383 reason that prevented the majority of people from accessing health care but
jTqtC-snt1o-00462-00219383-00219767 the economic system in which Medical Services were provided on a commercial
jTqtC-snt1o-00463-00219767-00220028 basis
jTqtC-snt1o-00464-00220098-00220704 in 2019 on the GoFundMe website a third of all donations received went to cover
jTqtC-snt1o-00465-00220704-00221178 medical expenses the citizens of the U.S often avoided
jTqtC-snt1o-00466-00221178-00221573 calling an ambulance in an emergency because of high costs and went to the
jTqtC-snt1o-00467-00221573-00222066 hospital by taxi instead in the medical business as in any other the main goal
jTqtC-snt1o-00468-00222066-00222444 was profit therefore not everyone could get the help they needed and in many
jTqtC-snt1o-00469-00222444-00222923 cases commercial doctors prescribed unnecessary procedures surgeries and
jTqtC-snt1o-00470-00222923-00223296 medications to make a profit instead of treating the patient it is not difficult
jTqtC-snt1o-00471-00223296-00223680 to understand what this led to a similar thing was happening with a large number
jTqtC-snt1o-00472-00223680-00224148 of goods and services the main thing was to sell to make money and no one cared
jTqtC-snt1o-00473-00224148-00224561 what would happen after that is why the sales manager became one of the most
jTqtC-snt1o-00474-00224561-00225030 important professions at that time the ability to sell anything even
jTqtC-snt1o-00475-00225030-00225480 useless or low quality things were very appreciated capitalism was also
jTqtC-snt1o-00476-00225480-00225906 incredibly wasteful in an unpredictable market economy when something was
jTqtC-snt1o-00477-00225906-00226254 overproduced then it was more profitable for the capitalists to destroy
jTqtC-snt1o-00478-00226254-00226673 over-produced goods and to give them to someone who needs them for free
jTqtC-snt1o-00479-00226673-00227046 after all this would dramatically decrease the prices for a certain
jTqtC-snt1o-00480-00227046-00227478 product therefore it led to the disposal of high quality food with which the
jTqtC-snt1o-00481-00227478-00227898 millions of hungry could have been fed cemeteries of new cars which no one had
jTqtC-snt1o-00482-00227898-00228216 ever driven and dumps of second-hand clothes
jTqtC-snt1o-00483-00228216-00228738 sometimes from the economic point of view it is better to destroy something
jTqtC-snt1o-00484-00228738-00229283 than to just give it away it sounds strange but this would preserve jobs it
jTqtC-snt1o-00485-00229283-00229704 would maintain a certain level of profitability of production pricing
jTqtC-snt1o-00486-00229704-00230417 policy and so on in 2019 about 1 billion 300 million tons
jTqtC-snt1o-00487-00230417-00231054 of food was thrown away and destroyed then the scientists calculated that if
jTqtC-snt1o-00488-00231054-00231456 the products were saved and reasonably distributed among all the people on the
jTqtC-snt1o-00489-00231456-00231911 planet then hunger on Earth would be eliminated
jTqtC-snt1o-00490-00231911-00232619 that means that hunger was more of a problem of distribution than production
jTqtC-snt1o-00491-00232619-00233040 the same goes for homelessness in all developed countries as a rule
jTqtC-snt1o-00492-00233040-00233423 there were several times more vacant housing than people without a roof over
jTqtC-snt1o-00493-00233423-00233898 their heads this was the absurdity unreasonableness
jTqtC-snt1o-00494-00233898-00234354 and perversity of capitalism the same logic of profit pushed the
jTqtC-snt1o-00495-00234354-00234846 businessmen to fraud falsification and if the profit was large enough even to
jTqtC-snt1o-00496-00234846-00235223 murder this phenomenon was best described by
jTqtC-snt1o-00497-00235223-00235667 the British trade unionists of the 19th century Thomas Dunning
jTqtC-snt1o-00498-00235667-00236154 capital is said to fly turbulence and strife and to be timid which is very
jTqtC-snt1o-00499-00236154-00236544 true but this is very incompletely stating the question
jTqtC-snt1o-00500-00236544-00237054 Capital issues no profit or very small Profit just as nature was formally said
jTqtC-snt1o-00501-00237054-00237582 to abhor a vacuum with adequate profit capital is very bold a certain 10
jTqtC-snt1o-00502-00237582-00238032 percent will ensure its employment anywhere 20 certain will produce
jTqtC-snt1o-00503-00238032-00238709 eagerness 50 positive audacity 100 will make it ready to trample on all human
jTqtC-snt1o-00504-00238709-00239052 laws three hundred percent and that is not a
jTqtC-snt1o-00505-00239052-00239514 crime at which it was cruple nor a risk it will not run even to the chance of
jTqtC-snt1o-00506-00239514-00239964 its owner being hanged if turbulence and strife will bring a profit it will
jTqtC-snt1o-00507-00239964-00240456 freely encourage both smuggling and the slave trade have amply proved all that
jTqtC-snt1o-00508-00240456-00240894 his here stated save money on fire safety so that you spend less and put
jTqtC-snt1o-00509-00240894-00241278 more in your pocket no problem
jTqtC-snt1o-00510-00241278-00241746 operate worn out equipment despite the risk of environmental disaster
jTqtC-snt1o-00511-00241746-00242471 yes please child labor in 2021 160 million children were working
jTqtC-snt1o-00512-00242471-00242909 often in difficult and dangerous conditions and even though most of these
jTqtC-snt1o-00513-00242909-00243300 children worked in underdeveloped countries the fruits of their labor were
jTqtC-snt1o-00514-00243300-00243714 often used by the most famous companies and corporations
jTqtC-snt1o-00515-00243714-00244164 Apple Google and Tesla were not squeamish about Cobalt mined by children
jTqtC-snt1o-00516-00244164-00244626 in the Congo and a child who worked in a textile Factory somewhere in Bangladesh
jTqtC-snt1o-00517-00244626-00245057 helped companies who would make a profit by selling the clothes that he made in
jTqtC-snt1o-00518-00245057-00245496 more developed countries back in the 20th century with the help
jTqtC-snt1o-00519-00245496-00245909 of debt bondage and puppet regimes colonialism was replaced by
jTqtC-snt1o-00520-00245909-00246264 neocolonialism resources were exported from
jTqtC-snt1o-00521-00246264-00246642 underdeveloped countries to the countries of the first world even in the
jTqtC-snt1o-00522-00246642-00247121 21st century slavery was still present the United Nations reported that in 2017
jTqtC-snt1o-00523-00247121-00247580 there were 40 million slaves on the planet
jTqtC-snt1o-00524-00247607-00248111 Greed for profit infected the entire Society from top to bottom Society was
jTqtC-snt1o-00525-00248111-00248621 atomized and even the proletariat became egocentric and indifferent to everything
jTqtC-snt1o-00526-00248621-00249096 except personal gain mind your own business do not think
jTqtC-snt1o-00527-00249096-00249600 about others these are not your problems this was the psychological attitude that
jTqtC-snt1o-00528-00249600-00250061 capitalist ideology inculcated in people the system in which the main goal and
jTqtC-snt1o-00529-00250061-00250566 the main condition of survival is money would reproduce these kinds of people on
jTqtC-snt1o-00530-00250566-00251069 the mass scale you need to take care of yourself at most your family and don't
jTqtC-snt1o-00531-00251069-00251502 care about others it was impossible to escape from the world's problems it
jTqtC-snt1o-00532-00251502-00251909 might have seemed achievable during periods of relatively quiet life in
jTqtC-snt1o-00533-00251909-00252407 developed countries but where and when under capitalism did
jTqtC-snt1o-00534-00252407-00252869 society live without crisis and Wars today you are a highly skilled worker
jTqtC-snt1o-00535-00252869-00253314 with a good salary tomorrow the owner of the plant you work at decides to take
jTqtC-snt1o-00536-00253314-00253776 the business to a country where labor is cheaper and costs are lower
jTqtC-snt1o-00537-00253776-00254219 and all your perfectly arranged prosperous life immediately goes down
jTqtC-snt1o-00538-00254219-00254669 the drain and if you are no longer young the chances of finding a new job in your
jTqtC-snt1o-00539-00254669-00255150 field are close to zero the catastrophes of capitalism were inevitable natural
jTqtC-snt1o-00540-00255150-00255785 and predetermined like the ocean tide sunrises and sunsets their nature was
jTqtC-snt1o-00541-00255785-00256259 explained back in the 19th century the so-called crisis of commodity over
jTqtC-snt1o-00542-00256259-00256728 production were inevitable for a simple reason more and more money was
jTqtC-snt1o-00543-00256728-00257028 concentrated in the hands of the bourgeoisie
jTqtC-snt1o-00544-00257028-00257514 which appropriated a never higher share of the value produced while workers
jTqtC-snt1o-00545-00257514-00257976 could buy less and less with their wages a situation absurd from the point of
jTqtC-snt1o-00546-00257976-00258480 view of Common Sense arose the goods were produced but the workers had
jTqtC-snt1o-00547-00258480-00259019 nothing to buy them with there was not enough money it would seem that Consumer
jTqtC-snt1o-00548-00259019-00259469 loans could alleviate the situation this temporary solution only postponed the
jTqtC-snt1o-00549-00259469-00259890 catastrophe the real incomes of those who fell into
jTqtC-snt1o-00550-00259890-00260381 debt bondage not only did not increase but decreased because they had to pay an
jTqtC-snt1o-00551-00260381-00260814 exorbitant interest to the bank a significant part of the working people
jTqtC-snt1o-00552-00260814-00261233 sooner or later stopped paying their debts or loans
jTqtC-snt1o-00553-00261233-00261690 in addition to this various stock speculators were causing the bursts of
jTqtC-snt1o-00554-00261690-00262340 financial bubbles all this led to crisis
jTqtC-snt1o-00555-00262388-00262811 as a result the situation became a paradox
jTqtC-snt1o-00556-00262811-00263304 the people's needs had to be satisfied and there were raw materials and there
jTqtC-snt1o-00557-00263304-00263711 were workers but a significant part of the production was closed
jTqtC-snt1o-00558-00263711-00264228 the goods already produced did not go to those who needed them but rotted in
jTqtC-snt1o-00559-00264228-00264714 warehouses or were destroyed it was no longer enough for the growing Capital to
jTqtC-snt1o-00560-00264714-00265080 exploit wage labor by squeezing as much profit as it could out of the working
jTqtC-snt1o-00561-00265080-00265542 class the moment had come when the imperialists had no other choice but to
jTqtC-snt1o-00562-00265542-00265944 enter into an armed struggle for resources and markets with other such
jTqtC-snt1o-00563-00265944-00266204 predators
jTqtC-snt1o-00564-00266274-00266778 twice in the 20th century mankind went through a global Slaughter killing
jTqtC-snt1o-00565-00266778-00267174 millions of people and destroying factories schools cultural and
jTqtC-snt1o-00566-00267174-00267720 Architectural heritage for 31 years from the beginning of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00567-00267720-00268188 first world war to the end of the second capitalism showed the monstrosity it was
jTqtC-snt1o-00568-00268188-00268800 capable of from 1914 to 1945 the planet learned a
jTqtC-snt1o-00569-00268800-00269202 bitter lesson of what a chemical attack was concentration camps with horrific
jTqtC-snt1o-00570-00269202-00269718 conditions for prisoners gas Chambers the genocide of civilians when entire
jTqtC-snt1o-00571-00269718-00270066 cities and Villages were sometimes destroyed along with their inhabitants
jTqtC-snt1o-00572-00270066-00270696 with the use of atomic weapons for the sake of profit and power that
jTqtC-snt1o-00573-00270696-00271133 capitalists turn to their population into inhuman thugs that had no mercy for
jTqtC-snt1o-00574-00271133-00271638 even children old people and women and when the war ended it was possible to
jTqtC-snt1o-00575-00271638-00272081 shift all the blame on the Dreadful mustachioed leader depicting him as a
jTqtC-snt1o-00576-00272081-00272514 demon an evil genius or a maniac and let alone the political interests of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00577-00272514-00272952 bourgeoisie the Nuremberg tribunal condemned the leaders of the Third Reich
jTqtC-snt1o-00578-00272952-00273366 but those who brought the Nazis to power their sponsors bankers and
jTqtC-snt1o-00579-00273366-00273726 industrialists the owners of Corporations who enrich themselves in
jTqtC-snt1o-00580-00273726-00274248 the war who use the slave labor of the Oster batir a German term for slave
jTqtC-snt1o-00581-00274248-00274620 workers taken from the Central and Eastern Europe and concentration camp
jTqtC-snt1o-00582-00274620-00275059 prisoners got off easily or completely escaped retribution
jTqtC-snt1o-00583-00275059-00275561 very convenient Capital has always found a way to avoid responsibility for its
jTqtC-snt1o-00584-00275561-00275970 crimes Who Bore the consequence of the Wars
jTqtC-snt1o-00585-00275970-00276480 Unleashed by the capitalists who became Canon fodder on the front lines
jTqtC-snt1o-00586-00276480-00276911 the ordinary worker who suffered the most from Germany's
jTqtC-snt1o-00587-00276911-00277350 defeat in the first World War the German worker
jTqtC-snt1o-00588-00277350-00277704 who suffered the most during the Great Depression
jTqtC-snt1o-00589-00277704-00278048 the American worker
jTqtC-snt1o-00590-00278100-00278556 yes the Bourgeois imperialists could sometimes toss a piece of the action to
jTqtC-snt1o-00591-00278556-00278933 the workers of their country but it was always at someone's expense
jTqtC-snt1o-00592-00278933-00279414 for example by lowering wages of the workers in some third world countries by
jTqtC-snt1o-00593-00279414-00279881 plundering their resources the economic boom in the United States
jTqtC-snt1o-00594-00279881-00280314 after World War II was largely based on the fact that the industries in Europe
jTqtC-snt1o-00595-00280314-00280740 were lying in Ruins later the destruction of the Socialist Bloc and
jTqtC-snt1o-00596-00280740-00281207 the exploitation of its material natural and Human Resources provided fresh blood
jTqtC-snt1o-00597-00281207-00281580 for World capitalism let's take another quick look at the
jTqtC-snt1o-00598-00281580-00282011 most successful and Powerful capitalist power on this planet in the 20th and
jTqtC-snt1o-00599-00282011-00282361 21st centuries
jTqtC-snt1o-00600-00282361-00282846 a real roller coaster the periods of the crisis were followed by an economic
jTqtC-snt1o-00601-00282846-00283230 recovery in the United States the rampant prosperity of the Roaring 20s
jTqtC-snt1o-00602-00283230-00283661 was followed by the decline of the Great Depression almost every decade of the
jTqtC-snt1o-00603-00283661-00284192 20th century was marked by a major crisis or recession
jTqtC-snt1o-00604-00284250-00284826 20 is the greatest capitalist Empire on Earth experienced a deep crisis with
jTqtC-snt1o-00605-00284826-00285257 tens of millions of citizens living below the poverty line with Rising
jTqtC-snt1o-00606-00285257-00285857 unemployment and falling production question if that is how capitalism was
jTqtC-snt1o-00607-00285857-00286283 working in the richest country in the world which concentrated more resources
jTqtC-snt1o-00608-00286283-00286740 than any other state on the planet then how could it work for the rest
jTqtC-snt1o-00609-00286740-00287196 what would the other poor and underdeveloped countries hope for
jTqtC-snt1o-00610-00287196-00287618 any sustainable Progressive development was impossible in this economic system
jTqtC-snt1o-00611-00287618-00288024 capitalism could offer nothing but the constant impoverishment of the working
jTqtC-snt1o-00612-00288024-00288738 majority Cuts in Social spending and the turbulence of Crisis and Wars
jTqtC-snt1o-00613-00288738-00289206 the very existence of homo sapiens was constantly under threat
jTqtC-snt1o-00614-00289206-00289746 one press of a button separated us from the complete elimination of our species
jTqtC-snt1o-00615-00289746-00290178 enormous funds were spent on the military almost two trillion dollars in
jTqtC-snt1o-00616-00290178-00290550 2020 alone this money could have been spent on
jTqtC-snt1o-00617-00290550-00291000 Peaceful development instead was spent on weapons and murder
jTqtC-snt1o-00618-00291000-00291438 the capitalist mode of production also posed a huge environmental danger to
jTqtC-snt1o-00619-00291438-00291840 humanity by polluting and destroying the biosphere
jTqtC-snt1o-00620-00291840-00292146 thank you it was impossible to ensure
jTqtC-snt1o-00621-00292146-00292626 environmental safety as long as the main motive of economic activity was the
jTqtC-snt1o-00622-00292626-00292980 satisfaction of selfish private property interests
jTqtC-snt1o-00623-00292980-00293435 a prosperous future was not guaranteed either to any individual or to a society
jTqtC-snt1o-00624-00293435-00293981 at large each new day the means of production remained in private hands as
jTqtC-snt1o-00625-00293981-00294480 an inevitable catastrophe was getting closer and closer many people back then
jTqtC-snt1o-00626-00294480-00294840 predicted this catastrophe and even pointed the way out
jTqtC-snt1o-00627-00294840-00295248 after all the way out was simple production should have a goal of
jTqtC-snt1o-00628-00295248-00295776 satisfying the Urgent needs of mankind and not the constant enrichment of a
jTqtC-snt1o-00629-00295776-00296138 handful of wealthy business owners
jTqtC-snt1o-00630-00296202-00296666 instead of an unpredictable Market where only profit was planned at all costs
jTqtC-snt1o-00631-00296666-00297198 mankind needed scientifically planned economic activity which would consider
jTqtC-snt1o-00632-00297198-00297546 the needs of all workers balance the interests of all Industries and
jTqtC-snt1o-00633-00297546-00298088 Agriculture and take into account the issues of environmental safety
jTqtC-snt1o-00634-00298128-00298559 and for this to happen all means of production land and natural resources
jTqtC-snt1o-00635-00298559-00299094 had to become publicly owned the private owners as a class that owned
jTqtC-snt1o-00636-00299094-00299622 everything on Earth could not solve the accumulated problems of mankind
jTqtC-snt1o-00637-00299622-00300042 but why did this transition to a new Social and economic order never take
jTqtC-snt1o-00638-00300042-00300464 place the beginning of the 21st Century
jTqtC-snt1o-00639-00300485-00301038 after all the class of wage workers was much more numerous than its oppressors
jTqtC-snt1o-00640-00301038-00301590 capitalism became a dead end an economic social environmental cultural moral and
jTqtC-snt1o-00641-00301590-00302142 even biological dead end if you will once it was an important step for the
jTqtC-snt1o-00642-00302142-00302592 development of human civilization a big step forward in comparison with slavery
jTqtC-snt1o-00643-00302592-00302933 and feudalism capitalism freed people from the
jTqtC-snt1o-00644-00302933-00303396 oppression of the feudal Estates ease the pressure of religious prejudices and
jTqtC-snt1o-00645-00303396-00303857 dramatically move forward scientific and technological progress in the pursuit of
jTqtC-snt1o-00646-00303857-00304290 profit the bourgeoisie invested in the development of Industries and science
jTqtC-snt1o-00647-00304290-00304800 the productive forces of society grew significantly
jTqtC-snt1o-00648-00304800-00305298 and even though from its Inception this economic system was exploitative unjust
jTqtC-snt1o-00649-00305298-00305796 and bloody it gave the world a lot
jTqtC-snt1o-00650-00305796-00306257 Humanity can sincerely thank capitalism for everything for all its achievements
jTqtC-snt1o-00651-00306257-00306642 and even for the cruel lessons that it taught us
jTqtC-snt1o-00652-00306642-00307044 after all whether people wanted it or not they also changed along with
jTqtC-snt1o-00653-00307044-00307572 capitalism they made discoveries accumulated knowledge and experience
jTqtC-snt1o-00654-00307572-00308100 and one could probably say Thank you Mr Capital you have done a great job more
jTqtC-snt1o-00655-00308100-00308605 precisely you forced the proletarians to work properly
jTqtC-snt1o-00656-00308609-00309102 but you've been pulling us down for a long time to live happily we people must
jTqtC-snt1o-00657-00309102-00309557 switch to a different mode of production and all the prerequisites for this
jTqtC-snt1o-00658-00309557-00309990 transition are already in place you created them you created production
jTqtC-snt1o-00659-00309990-00310464 chains that connect countries and peoples thanks to you we realized we
jTqtC-snt1o-00660-00310464-00310920 became one entity and Incredibly dependent on each other
jTqtC-snt1o-00661-00310920-00311322 sorry but for Humanity to move on it's time to let you go
jTqtC-snt1o-00662-00311322-00311778 because you are outdated instead we saw the Great Depression
jTqtC-snt1o-00663-00311778-00312180 horrific fascist regimes everywhere including in the countries of the first
jTqtC-snt1o-00664-00312180-00312611 world tightening control over people trampling on even the few rights and
jTqtC-snt1o-00665-00312611-00312905 freedoms that remained for ordinary workers
jTqtC-snt1o-00666-00312905-00313452 the population of the planet had divided into a super rich parasitic minority and
jTqtC-snt1o-00667-00313452-00313950 an impoverished working majority with practically no intermediate conditions
jTqtC-snt1o-00668-00313950-00314424 only Lords their guards and the downtrodden working class
jTqtC-snt1o-00669-00314424-00314922 an order based on the most modern Technologies at the time was mobilized
jTqtC-snt1o-00670-00314922-00315528 to maintain this segregation we will definitely return to this topic
jTqtC-snt1o-00671-00315528-00315990 in our next meeting we will remember how mankind came to the capitalist mode of
jTqtC-snt1o-00672-00315990-00316361 production and later we are going to have a
jTqtC-snt1o-00673-00316361-00316757 conversation about why proletarian revolutions such as those that took
jTqtC-snt1o-00674-00316757-00317130 place in the first half of the 20th century did not occur in the 21st
jTqtC-snt1o-00675-00317130-00317604 century then we will discuss issues related to the Soviet Union and the
jTqtC-snt1o-00676-00317604-00318018 social block this is our plan for the near future see
jTqtC-snt1o-00677-00318018-00318621 you later
jTqtC-snt1o-00678-00318830-00319452 thank you foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00679-00324416-00325273 thank you
jTqtC-snt1o-00680-00326231-00326548 foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00681-00329628-00330132 foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00683-00337764-00338064 foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00684-00341490-00341844 foreign
jTqtC-snt1o-00685-00344778-00345078 foreign