NkZ81qH4plE-00000-00000062-00000401 Now, we've already seen given a decimal,
NkZ81qH4plE-00001-00000401-00000668 how to convert it to a fraction.
NkZ81qH4plE-00002-00000746-00001094 We've already seen, for example,
NkZ81qH4plE-00003-00001094-00001472 that given the decimal zero point two five,
NkZ81qH4plE-00004-00001578-00002192 that's the same as, twenty-five hundredths.
NkZ81qH4plE-00005-00002270-00002622 And we can simplify that fraction by dividing
NkZ81qH4plE-00006-00002622-00002822 the numerator and denominator
NkZ81qH4plE-00007-00002858-00003042 each by twenty-five,
NkZ81qH4plE-00008-00003356-00003724 to get, one-fourth.
NkZ81qH4plE-00009-00003770-00004134 So, to convert from a decimal to a fraction,
NkZ81qH4plE-00010-00004224-00004554 just use the decimal fraction.
NkZ81qH4plE-00011-00004698-00004966 To convert a fraction to a decimal,
NkZ81qH4plE-00012-00005014-00005434 well, the simplest way is to just understand
NkZ81qH4plE-00013-00005434-00005610 the fraction as division.
NkZ81qH4plE-00014-00005724-00005954 Looking at the previous example,
NkZ81qH4plE-00015-00005954-00006376 we already know that point two five is one-fourth.
NkZ81qH4plE-00016-00006459-00006823 To get the zero point two five out of one-fourth,
NkZ81qH4plE-00017-00006864-00007480 well, one-fourth equals one divided by four.
NkZ81qH4plE-00018-00007664-00008122 As a decimal, one has its decimal point at the end.
NkZ81qH4plE-00019-00008212-00008444 So, we do that as decimal division.
NkZ81qH4plE-00020-00008572-00009124 Four goes into one followed by a decimal point.
NkZ81qH4plE-00021-00009256-00009636 Of course, right now that looks really boring, right?
NkZ81qH4plE-00022-00009636-00009902 Because how many times does four go into one?
NkZ81qH4plE-00023-00009974-00010132 Well, not at all.
NkZ81qH4plE-00024-00010414-00010814 But one is the same as one point zero.
NkZ81qH4plE-00025-00010892-00011204 And four goes into ten twice.
NkZ81qH4plE-00026-00011636-00011994 We still have something left, so we add another zero.
NkZ81qH4plE-00027-00012128-00012518 Four goes into twenty, five times.
NkZ81qH4plE-00028-00012596-00013040 And so we get one-fourth equals point two five.
NkZ81qH4plE-00029-00013160-00013431 To convert a fraction to a decimal on the calculator,
NkZ81qH4plE-00030-00013432-00013641 of course, we just do the division.
NkZ81qH4plE-00031-00013791-00014130 And we would say, one divided by four,
NkZ81qH4plE-00032-00014182-00014310 and just hit enter.
NkZ81qH4plE-00033-00014396-00014756 Now, if it happens that we've converted that
NkZ81qH4plE-00034-00014756-00015210 to a fraction, we said one divided by four,
NkZ81qH4plE-00035-00015312-00015574 converted to a fraction, for example,
NkZ81qH4plE-00036-00015662-00015880 and we want to get it to a decimal,
NkZ81qH4plE-00037-00016122-00016420 the second option in the math menu says,
NkZ81qH4plE-00038-00016420-00016636 I really want to give that as a decimal.
NkZ81qH4plE-00039-00016840-00017138 So, maybe we might need to enter,
NkZ81qH4plE-00040-00017234-00017506 one divided by four followed by the
NkZ81qH4plE-00041-00017506-00017836 convert to decimal command which we'll find under
NkZ81qH4plE-00042-00017836-00017932 the math menu.
NkZ81qH4plE-00043-00017998-00018252 Usually our calculator will give us a decimal
NkZ81qH4plE-00044-00018252-00018631 by default, but if it insists it wants to give us
NkZ81qH4plE-00045-00018631-00018906 a fraction, we have that command available.
O0jc3yPuQRg-00000-00000000-00000582 [Music]
O3jv2td3gOA-00000-00000632-00001264 Here's a nice example of getting some decking included here. So we've got our
O3jv2td3gOA-00001-00001264-00002080 two columns, right? Calculus, History, and then of course the Therapy is our stub
O3jv2td3gOA-00002-00002080-00002944 over here. Therapy and our therapy types and calculus history, but these two what
O3jv2td3gOA-00003-00002944-00003568 are they? They are one topic, the test topic. So inside our experiment, we were
O3jv2td3gOA-00004-00003568-00004208 giving a test and we had two topics of the test: calculus and history. So this is a
O3jv2td3gOA-00005-00004208-00005232 very clear example of using that deck effect. OK. Let's take a look at another
O3jv2td3gOA-00006-00005232-00005800 example here: "Number of textbook pages read for different academic participants
O3jv2td3gOA-00007-00005800-00006664 in different locations." So we have our subjects here. We have our study location
O3jv2td3gOA-00008-00006664-00007223 which is going to be dorm, outdoors, lounge, and libraries. It's looking pretty
O3jv2td3gOA-00009-00007223-00008000 good actually. Study location, but we have different locations. That's clear. We have
O3jv2td3gOA-00010-00008000-00008520 our subjects here: Education, Humanities, Mathematics. So this looks very clear.
O3jv2td3gOA-00011-00008520-00009088 What's the problem? We have a nice note here. Scores are mean number of pages
O3jv2td3gOA-00012-00009088-00009688 completed, and the subgroup and equal 20 per cell. So each cell has 20 participants. You
O3jv2td3gOA-00013-00009688-00010272 know a little bit hard to see what the problem here is. But if we look a little
O3jv2td3gOA-00014-00010272-00011032 bit closely at the numbers, we can see what the problem is. And that is 6.6, 3.0,
O3jv2td3gOA-00015-00011032-00011640 and then suddenly, 3.1416, or over here,
O3jv2td3gOA-00016-00012136-00012624 strange. How is it that this number can have more decimal points than other
O3jv2td3gOA-00017-00012624-00013240 numbers? How many decimal points should you have? It should be the power of your
O3jv2td3gOA-00018-00013240-00013688 statistics. If you can measure up to the tenth decimal place or the
O3jv2td3gOA-00019-00013688-00014240 hundreds, then... the hundreds value I mean or the tens value, then you should
O3jv2td3gOA-00020-00014240-00014824 include it. In this case, they're just using one decimal place one tenth, not a big
O3jv2td3gOA-00021-00014824-00015368 sample size, right? 20 per cell, so they don't have a whole lot of power. So the
O3jv2td3gOA-00022-00015368-00015960 correct way is one decimal point, and you can see that in the example here. Now of
O3jv2td3gOA-00023-00015960-00016592 course, you have no way to know what their power is. But the key here would be
O3jv2td3gOA-00024-00016592-00017144 consistency. Did they do it the same way every time? And so one decimal point is
O3jv2td3gOA-00025-00017144-00017928 the same way every time. Let's take a look at another example: "Agnostic behavior
O3jv2td3gOA-00026-00017928-00018624 of the weekly electric fish." So some kind of fish that has electric power, right? So we
O3jv2td3gOA-00027-00018624-00019664 have our deck example here, Social status. And Social Status has two parts, resident
O3jv2td3gOA-00028-00019664-00020248 and intruder. That looks very good. Social behavior is the column heading here, and
O3jv2td3gOA-00029-00020248-00020848 we've got these behaviors that the fish undergoes. And then we've got our numbers
O3jv2td3gOA-00030-00020848-00021360 in here. How are they looking? Two decimal places. They all have two decimal places.
O3jv2td3gOA-00031-00021360-00021824 That looks good. We've got some asterisks here, which is going to be our
O3jv2td3gOA-00032-00021824-00022480 probability note, right? Ah, so here we can begin to see the example has a problem.
O3jv2td3gOA-00033-00022568-00023216 Here is the word note, but actually what we've done here is a little bit strange.
O3jv2td3gOA-00034-00023216-00023872 Two asterisks indicate p less than .01 one indicates p less than .05.
O3jv2td3gOA-00035-00023928-00024464 Remember that we're going to put notes in an order, and probability goes at the
O3jv2td3gOA-00036-00024464-00025256 last line, a separate line. So here you can see. This is where it goes. Now do we
O3jv2td3gOA-00037-00025256-00025776 have a general note here? Do we have this note? No, there's no note here. We
O3jv2td3gOA-00038-00025776-00026456 don't want to say anything, but we do have the a and b because a is explaining
O3jv2td3gOA-00039-00026456-00026936 this a. B is explaining this b, so that's a line. And then we have
O3jv2td3gOA-00040-00026936-00027424 probability, which is the last line. So remember to put them in the right order,
O3jv2td3gOA-00041-00027527-00027927 Okay, so those are our examples. And it's really great to use examples, but it's
O3jv2td3gOA-00042-00027927-00028336 hard for me to give you examples that work in every single case. The best thing
O3jv2td3gOA-00043-00028336-00028880 is again to get an example of a paper, that's the journal you're shooting for,
O3jv2td3gOA-00044-00028880-00029376 and to make sure you match exactly the way they do it. And I think you'll do
O3jv2td3gOA-00045-00029376-00029864 much better then. Make sure you ask your professor how he wants to have it done.
O3jv2td3gOA-00046-00029864-00030272 And look for your department rules and how they want it done. If you can't find
O3jv2td3gOA-00047-00030272-00030839 rules, then find the APA and follow what they have and be consistent. ...is the key
O3jv2td3gOA-00048-00030839-00031095 part, being consistent. It's so easy to
O3jv2td3gOA-00049-00031095-00031519 make a mess of tables and figures, so do your best.
O5VEfYEPbrE-00000-00000096-00000648 Hello and welcome to Section 1.9.
O5VEfYEPbrE-00001-00000752-00001208 We've seen that we can use matrices to define
O5VEfYEPbrE-00002-00001264-00001960 linear transformations: T(x ) = A * x
O5VEfYEPbrE-00003-00001960-00002480 is a linear transformation. We'll now see
O5VEfYEPbrE-00004-00002480-00002736 that we can go the other way.
O5VEfYEPbrE-00005-00002808-00003232 If we have a linear transformation we can
O5VEfYEPbrE-00006-00003232-00003672 find a matrix A such that the
O5VEfYEPbrE-00007-00003672-00004752 linear transformation is of the form T( x ) = A * x
O6PKwgc_IQA-00000-00000120-00000273 Hey guys, Josh here.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00001-00000273-00000373 Your Undergraduate Experience Librarian.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00002-00000373-00000724 And I am here to talk to you guys a little bit today about the library.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00003-00000724-00001082 So if you couldn't guess, no I'm not in the library at the moment.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00004-00001082-00001412 I am on my couch at home like many of you are.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00005-00001412-00001722 This is my new office mate Karma.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00006-00001722-00002039 Give me those.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00007-00002039-00002363 So yeah, I'm here to talk to you guys a bit about the library.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00008-00002363-00002869 And I'm sure a few of you are wondering, you know hey I'm home right now, I don't have
O6PKwgc_IQA-00009-00002869-00003209 access to the library, why do I need to watch a video on how to use the library.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00010-00003209-00003411 And that's a really good question.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00011-00003411-00003729 So I want to start off by talking about how the library is more than just a physical space.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00012-00003729-00003946 Yes, the library is a really great physical space.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00013-00003946-00004408 We have tones of books and study spaces, we have the scholar study which is really cool.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00014-00004408-00004574 We even have a VR room.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00015-00004574-00004976 And all that stuff really really cool, and unfortunately a lot of you won't have access
O6PKwgc_IQA-00016-00004976-00005104 to it for a little bit.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00017-00005104-00005663 And when you come back, you know I'll be happy to show you around, happy to you know stop
O6PKwgc_IQA-00018-00005663-00005968 by my office and I'll give you a tour or whatever.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00019-00005968-00006341 But until then, let's talk about the resources that everyone has access to right now.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00020-00006341-00006745 Let's talk about the different eResources that we have at the library.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00021-00006745-00007206 So you go on the library website, you can go on the library website and you can go check
O6PKwgc_IQA-00022-00007206-00007425 out some of the different eResources that we have.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00023-00007425-00008045 So we have access to eBooks, we have journal articles, we have streaming video, newspaper
O6PKwgc_IQA-00024-00008045-00008567 articles, magazine articles, all sorts of stuff that you guys can use for your research
O6PKwgc_IQA-00025-00008567-00008783 and help you guys write your papers.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00026-00008783-00009236 So we have all that stuff still available to you guys whether you're on campus or home
O6PKwgc_IQA-00027-00009236-00009450 or anywhere in the world really.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00028-00009450-00009958 You can just log in using you, when your off-campus though you need to log in using your WCU username
O6PKwgc_IQA-00029-00009958-00010100 and password through our proxy server.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00030-00010100-00010246 So it's not usually too hard.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00031-00010246-00010600 If you need help, you know just let us know or contact IT and we'd be happy to straighten
O6PKwgc_IQA-00032-00010600-00010732 that out for you.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00033-00010732-00011019 So the next thing I wanna make sure you guys are aware of are our research guides.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00034-00011019-00011222 Our research guides are really really cool.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00035-00011222-00012025 So these guides are created by us the librarians and we have these guides to help you better
O6PKwgc_IQA-00036-00012025-00012378 access all the different library resources and some resources that are outside the library
O6PKwgc_IQA-00037-00012378-00012486 that we still recommend.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00038-00012486-00013085 So a lot of recommended websites that we validate as useful, a lot of different databases, so
O6PKwgc_IQA-00039-00013085-00013416 if you're ever paper on a certain topic you don't know which type of database to use you
O6PKwgc_IQA-00040-00013416-00013850 can go to the subject research guide on a specific subject and we'll have databases
O6PKwgc_IQA-00041-00013850-00013991 that we'll recommend to you.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00042-00013991-00014207 So it's really really useful.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00043-00014207-00014483 It'll also help you get in touch with your subject specialist.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00044-00014483-00014893 We have subject specialists for all the different areas in the library who are a little bit
O6PKwgc_IQA-00045-00014893-00015013 more knowledgeable on a topic.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00046-00015013-00015359 We're not necessarily experts, but we do know more about the topic than maybe our other
O6PKwgc_IQA-00047-00015359-00015494 librarians do.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00048-00015494-00015933 And third, I want to make sure you guys are aware of that we are always here to help.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00049-00015933-00016185 We've always been here to help and nothing's changed.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00050-00016185-00016659 The best way to in touch with us right now would be through our chatbox.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00051-00016659-00017015 The chatbox is really cool, it's on the library website in the little right corner.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00052-00017015-00017216 Just click on the chatbox and type something in.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00053-00017216-00017340 Say Hey, I need help.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00054-00017340-00017558 And we'll get back to you as soon as possible.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00055-00017558-00018083 And during regular business hours, you're getting in touch with a WCU librarian.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00056-00018083-00018336 Not getting in touch with someone else, not getting in touch with a robot, you're getting
O6PKwgc_IQA-00057-00018336-00018436 in touch with us.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00058-00018436-00018963 So if you need help, just contact us through the chat and we're happy to help.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00059-00018963-00019351 Outside of those hours, you'll get forwarded to a chat service, but they're still librarians
O6PKwgc_IQA-00060-00019351-00019619 who are more than happy to help you guys out.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00061-00019619-00019884 So, please please please utilize that.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00062-00019884-00020288 So outside of that, you can contact us via email, we can still do research appointments
O6PKwgc_IQA-00063-00020288-00020540 and do one-on-one appointments via zoom.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00064-00020540-00021081 I know it's not as great as in person, but it's still close.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00065-00021081-00021471 So we're happy to set up a zoom meeting with you guys or some sort of video chat.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00066-00021471-00021811 That you guys don't need to have the video on, you can just do audio, it's fine if you're
O6PKwgc_IQA-00067-00021811-00021978 a little camera shy.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00068-00021978-00022540 So long story short I wanna make sure that you guys know eResources are still available
O6PKwgc_IQA-00069-00022540-00022640 to you guys.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00070-00022640-00022740 Please utilize those.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00071-00022740-00023009 Research guides are awesome, please check those out.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00072-00023009-00023234 And we the librarians are still here to help.
O6PKwgc_IQA-00073-00023234-00023551 So take care guys, stay safe, and best of luck to all.
O799oP-ZLFo-00000-00000004-00000282 Hi Hepiguys!
O799oP-ZLFo-00001-00000282-00000782 Back again with me Lova and this time I was accompanied by my friend Karen.
O799oP-ZLFo-00002-00000782-00001066 Hi, my name is Karen.
O799oP-ZLFo-00003-00001070-00001524 Today we want to have another food experiment.
O799oP-ZLFo-00004-00001524-00001970 In front of me there is pizza and ice cream,
O799oP-ZLFo-00005-00001970-00002296 both of them are my favorite foods.
O799oP-ZLFo-00006-00002296-00002418 Really?
O799oP-ZLFo-00007-00002638-00002956 Pizza is also my favorite food, But when mix with ice cream, it’s never been.
O799oP-ZLFo-00008-00002964-00003120 So, let’s try this!
O799oP-ZLFo-00009-00003124-00003350 Haven’t you yet? Usually with chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00010-00003350-00003500 You’re right.
O799oP-ZLFo-00011-00003500-00003806 So, let’s try it now. We just start.
O799oP-ZLFo-00012-00003806-00003908 Ok!
O799oP-ZLFo-00013-00003911-00004310 We know the taste, here are 4 flavors.
O799oP-ZLFo-00014-00004310-00004624 One with sausages, with beef
O799oP-ZLFo-00015-00004624-00004688 This one?
O799oP-ZLFo-00016-00004746-00005724 This one tuna, this is Hawaiian standard, pineapple and chicken.
O799oP-ZLFo-00017-00005728-00005792 We divide two.
O799oP-ZLFo-00018-00005794-00005888 Ok!
O799oP-ZLFo-00019-00005888-00006390 First, we try the beef.
O799oP-ZLFo-00020-00006390-00006673 Beef is favorite right? Please take it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00021-00006673-00006836 Ok!
O799oP-ZLFo-00022-00007044-00007540 Now we try with ice cream chocolate and strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00023-00008000-00008152 Look likes jam right?
O799oP-ZLFo-00024-00008306-00008496 Smeared.
O799oP-ZLFo-00025-00008496-00008676 Cut it off.
O799oP-ZLFo-00026-00009258-00009398 Hmm.
O799oP-ZLFo-00027-00009690-00009826 Wow.
O799oP-ZLFo-00028-00010100-00010406 In my opinion, because the ice cream is different.
O799oP-ZLFo-00029-00010406-00010752 I can feel the taste of chocolate ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00030-00010752-00011500 When I chew, I can taste the meat.
O799oP-ZLFo-00031-00011500-00011714 It’s actually not very integrated.
O799oP-ZLFo-00032-00011714-00012246 When we try, first we will taste the ice cream
O799oP-ZLFo-00033-00012246-00012582 So, after that, when you bite, you tasted the meat.
O799oP-ZLFo-00034-00012582-00012816 But it’s good if you blend it!
O799oP-ZLFo-00035-00012816-00013034 Yes, in my opinion not bad.
O799oP-ZLFo-00036-00013034-00013388 Now is my turn to try the strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00037-00013388-00013538 I try the chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00038-00013538-00014038 Maybe the strawberry more suitable, sour taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00039-00014038-00014280 Chocolate is rather sweet.
O799oP-ZLFo-00040-00016600-00016938 I personally prefer to mix with strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00041-00017076-00017276 If it is mix with chocolate, it’s too sweet.
O799oP-ZLFo-00042-00017276-00017584 Same, I prefer with strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00043-00017584-00018342 Like there’s a sour taste, blended with salty taste of pizza.
O799oP-ZLFo-00044-00018342-00018640 Now we try.
O799oP-ZLFo-00045-00018640-00019208 Tuna is usually served with mild milk.
O799oP-ZLFo-00046-00019342-00019484 We try it!
O799oP-ZLFo-00047-00019484-00019986 Who knows with strawberry are the winner!
O799oP-ZLFo-00048-00020096-00020232 Try again.
O799oP-ZLFo-00049-00020396-00020586 It looks strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00050-00020674-00020924 But actually, if I eat ice cream,
O799oP-ZLFo-00051-00020924-00021182 not really fans with strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00052-00021486-00021752 But, really delicious, chocolate is too sweet.
O799oP-ZLFo-00053-00021754-00022470 Try it, eating ice cream very nice.
O799oP-ZLFo-00054-00022676-00022876 Try it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00055-00024392-00024750 Why the taste like durian huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00056-00024924-00025066 There is durian taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00057-00025066-00025354 It delicious, strawberry are wonderful huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00058-00025354-00025642 Delicious mix with pizza.
O799oP-ZLFo-00059-00025642-00025880 Try with chocolate, it’s delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00060-00025880-00025970 Really?
O799oP-ZLFo-00061-00025970-00026095 Try the strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00062-00028862-00029318 Right there are durian taste, strawberries mix with tuna, strange huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00063-00029318-00029426 Well here is it!
O799oP-ZLFo-00064-00029426-00029926 But, nonetheless, compare with chocolate, strawberries are better.
O799oP-ZLFo-00065-00030008-00030224 Chocolate taste is better I think.
O799oP-ZLFo-00066-00030224-00030289 Really?
O799oP-ZLFo-00067-00030289-00030726 It tastes like there’s a sweet, salty mix together.
O799oP-ZLFo-00068-00030726-00030880 You just differentiate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00069-00030880-00031238 Now we try the sausage, right?
O799oP-ZLFo-00070-00031238-00031662 Sausage mix with anything will be delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00071-00031662-00031845 Oh chili, put chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00072-00031845-00032074 Wah that good idea to try!
O799oP-ZLFo-00073-00032074-00032545 This time with chili and ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00074-00033726-00033974 Open it and put the chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00075-00034500-00034742 Put directly on it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00076-00034828-00035042 First, we try the chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00077-00035138-00035298 Wow!
O799oP-ZLFo-00078-00036666-00036902 Directly use chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00079-00038666-00039166 May be, I put chili so taste spicy?
O799oP-ZLFo-00080-00039166-00039538 After spicy, sweet and salty.
O799oP-ZLFo-00081-00039538-00039872 The first one I felt was cold.
O799oP-ZLFo-00082-00039874-00040032 Ok.
O799oP-ZLFo-00083-00040032-00040674 But after that my tongue has a spicy taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00084-00040674-00041116 But this sauce is different sweet taste, do not feel.
O799oP-ZLFo-00085-00041116-00041366 Maybe crushed chocolate taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00086-00041366-00041582 That’s wonderful.
O799oP-ZLFo-00087-00041582-00042558 But overall, I said the chocolate a little lose.
O799oP-ZLFo-00088-00042558-00042978 With the spicy taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00089-00042978-00043390 The chocolate is very strong at first.
O799oP-ZLFo-00090-00043390-00043732 Mix with others pizza.
O799oP-ZLFo-00091-00043732-00044094 But here mix with chili, even it feels cool.
O799oP-ZLFo-00092-00044094-00044334 But the chili quite strong.
O799oP-ZLFo-00093-00044334-00044534 Is there a lot of chili?
O799oP-ZLFo-00094-00044534-00044792 Maybe yes?
O799oP-ZLFo-00095-00044792-00045012 Maybe it is quite strong huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00096-00045012-00045070 He eh.
O799oP-ZLFo-00097-00045070-00045348 Now I want to try with strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00098-00045348-00045404 Ok.
O799oP-ZLFo-00099-00045404-00045556 I try the chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00100-00045726-00046060 We put the chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00101-00046060-00046182 Yes.
O799oP-ZLFo-00102-00046186-00046398 Mix it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00103-00047094-00047420 But I didn’t expect, it could be delicious, very delicious!
O799oP-ZLFo-00104-00047420-00047494 Yes.
O799oP-ZLFo-00105-00047494-00047606 Nice huh!
O799oP-ZLFo-00106-00049480-00049614 What do you think?
O799oP-ZLFo-00107-00049614-00049700 Mmm.
O799oP-ZLFo-00108-00049734-00050330 In my opinion, this time I prefer chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00109-00050364-00050830 The taste spicy.
O799oP-ZLFo-00110-00050830-00051034 From the chili sauce.
O799oP-ZLFo-00111-00051036-00051567 With strawberry are bit sour in my opinion.
O799oP-ZLFo-00112-00051746-00052076 This time I agree with you, I prefer with chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00113-00052076-00052160 Right huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00114-00052160-00052324 The chili is strong, too spicy.
O799oP-ZLFo-00115-00052324-00052540 Yes, he eh right.
O799oP-ZLFo-00116-00052540-00053120 With strawberry taste sour.
O799oP-ZLFo-00117-00053136-00053464 This the last one, we divide two.
O799oP-ZLFo-00118-00053464-00053548 Ok.
O799oP-ZLFo-00119-00053729-00054304 This one is Hawaiian, will be better ya?
O799oP-ZLFo-00120-00054304-00054570 There is fruit taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00121-00054570-00054710 Strawberry and chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00122-00054774-00055067 May be, Ouch …
O799oP-ZLFo-00123-00055266-00055408 We try it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00124-00055408-00055579 But there is fruit taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00125-00055579-00055836 The fruit taste is sweet right?
O799oP-ZLFo-00126-00055836-00056234 It’s looks more delicious with strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00127-00056291-00056464 Not too sour?
O799oP-ZLFo-00128-00056464-00056629 Let’s try more.
O799oP-ZLFo-00129-00056960-00057129 Want to put chili or not?
O799oP-ZLFo-00130-00057129-00057252 Okay!
O799oP-ZLFo-00131-00057252-00057474 Try with chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00132-00059372-00059532 This one I like.
O799oP-ZLFo-00133-00059586-00059888 I can taste the spicy.
O799oP-ZLFo-00134-00059888-00060210 I also can taste the strawberry ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00135-00060210-00060646 But I can taste the pizza sauce also.
O799oP-ZLFo-00136-00060688-00060808 It’s different.
O799oP-ZLFo-00137-00060808-00061270 For me the sweet of chocolate more dominant.
O799oP-ZLFo-00138-00061308-00061414 In this case.
O799oP-ZLFo-00139-00061414-00061508 Oh really?
O799oP-ZLFo-00140-00061508-00061808 Try it, try the chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00141-00063644-00063991 Oh ya, I put the chocolate with the chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00142-00064482-00064646 If I, strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00143-00065776-00066286 If I, in this Hawaiian pizza, the chocolate not quite right.
O799oP-ZLFo-00144-00066372-00066602 Different with others pizza.
O799oP-ZLFo-00145-00066664-00067076 This one, the character is too stand up.
O799oP-ZLFo-00146-00067076-00067190 This chocolate flavors.
O799oP-ZLFo-00147-00067190-00067264 He eh.
O799oP-ZLFo-00148-00067264-00067464 The chocolate is too strong.
O799oP-ZLFo-00149-00067498-00067606 You’re right. too strong.
O799oP-ZLFo-00150-00067606-00067712 Am I right?
O799oP-ZLFo-00151-00067712-00068120 I tell you that…, may be…
O799oP-ZLFo-00152-00068120-00068402 May be the pizza not …
O799oP-ZLFo-00153-00068402-00069502 Nah, from last we try the ice cream as the topping.
O799oP-ZLFo-00154-00069502-00069600 Right?
O799oP-ZLFo-00155-00069600-00070366 So, how about we stir the pizza with the ice cream?
O799oP-ZLFo-00156-00070366-00070562 With chili also.
O799oP-ZLFo-00157-00070708-00071148 Maybe it can.
O799oP-ZLFo-00158-00071148-00072132 Or like you eat waffle with ice cream topping.
O799oP-ZLFo-00159-00072132-00072410 Maybe it can be more delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00160-00072410-00072766 Try with the pizza bread.
O799oP-ZLFo-00161-00072826-00073124 We open the new one. You choose strawberry or chocolate?
O799oP-ZLFo-00162-00073194-00073340 I choose strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00163-00073340-00073582 I try the chocolate.
O799oP-ZLFo-00164-00073816-00074016 We use hand.
O799oP-ZLFo-00165-00074300-00074650 This is exciting, we put in all together.
O799oP-ZLFo-00166-00074812-00075110 All together.
O799oP-ZLFo-00167-00075676-00075812 Stir it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00168-00075812-00075912 He eh.
O799oP-ZLFo-00169-00076070-00076296 Wah.. so exciting.
O799oP-ZLFo-00170-00076406-00076562 It’s new!
O799oP-ZLFo-00171-00076748-00077082 Wah, where is it? Looks dark?
O799oP-ZLFo-00172-00077298-00077496 We try.
O799oP-ZLFo-00173-00077598-00077690 Lost?
O799oP-ZLFo-00174-00077832-00077926 Ah.
O799oP-ZLFo-00175-00078104-00078196 Hmm.
O799oP-ZLFo-00176-00078366-00078482 So delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00177-00078482-00078644 It’s delicious he eh.
O799oP-ZLFo-00178-00078788-00079054 Hm, but the topping not taste.
O799oP-ZLFo-00179-00079054-00079916 Right. the bread texture absorbs ya?
O799oP-ZLFo-00180-00079916-00080346 It absorbs the ice cream. It’s taste ice cream only.
O799oP-ZLFo-00181-00080346-00080514 It’s only ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00182-00080896-00080998 But, delicious ya!
O799oP-ZLFo-00183-00081040-00081134 Ok, anyway!
O799oP-ZLFo-00184-00081294-00081440 I like it anyway.
O799oP-ZLFo-00185-00081542-00081636 Try it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00186-00081726-00081852 Please exchange.
O799oP-ZLFo-00187-00083622-00083924 I like strawberry, strawberry better.
O799oP-ZLFo-00188-00084014-00084304 This time chocolate better.
O799oP-ZLFo-00189-00084304-00084412 Strawberry better.
O799oP-ZLFo-00190-00084504-00084650 Chocolate more delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00191-00084650-00084802 Strawberry more delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00192-00085300-00085498 More, in fact delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00193-00085768-00085900 Chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00194-00086088-00086382 We stir with chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00195-00088672-00088902 More are better.
O799oP-ZLFo-00196-00089044-00089264 Amazing taste huh?
O799oP-ZLFo-00197-00089264-00089764 In my personal opinion, it’s delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00198-00089838-00089954 Mix with chili, delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00199-00089954-00090108 You have to try!
O799oP-ZLFo-00200-00090108-00090320 This is honest review.
O799oP-ZLFo-00201-00090320-00090456 Delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00202-00090456-00090896 With chili more delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00203-00090896-00091096 More delicious with chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00204-00091228-00091412 Crazy, your ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00205-00091996-00092332 Nih, with chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00206-00092814-00092990 Enjoy your meal!
O799oP-ZLFo-00207-00093092-00093258 Amazing - amazing!
O799oP-ZLFo-00208-00093258-00093372 Yummy!
O799oP-ZLFo-00209-00093832-00094086 Wah it's finish!
O799oP-ZLFo-00210-00094136-00094282 The plate is empty!
O799oP-ZLFo-00211-00094282-00094482 Yummy - Yummy!
O799oP-ZLFo-00212-00094482-00094698 And it’s not disappointed.
O799oP-ZLFo-00213-00094698-00095034 Pizza mix with ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00214-00095034-00095150 With chili.
O799oP-ZLFo-00215-00095150-00095416 With chili, it’s more delicious.
O799oP-ZLFo-00216-00095490-00095752 You have to try, Hepiguys.
O799oP-ZLFo-00217-00095752-00096024 Really sorry if you don’t try.
O799oP-ZLFo-00218-00096024-00096130 Right - right!
O799oP-ZLFo-00219-00096130-00096572 If we choose without chili, the strawberry is the winner.
O799oP-ZLFo-00220-00096572-00096726 In my personal opinion.
O799oP-ZLFo-00221-00096726-00096802 Yes, the strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00222-00096802-00097304 But you try this, ice cream with chili without pizza.
O799oP-ZLFo-00223-00097304-00097608 Yummy, strawberry, strawberry.
O799oP-ZLFo-00224-00097608-00097808 This is so yummy!
O799oP-ZLFo-00225-00097808-00098188 Strawberry nih!
O799oP-ZLFo-00226-00098504-00098722 It’s unexpectedly.
O799oP-ZLFo-00227-00098722-00098966 We stir it.
O799oP-ZLFo-00228-00099506-00099776 Hepiguys, don’t forget,
O799oP-ZLFo-00229-00099776-00100198 Try pizza with ice cream.
O799oP-ZLFo-00230-00100198-00100404 With chili,
O799oP-ZLFo-00231-00100404-00100600 This is really top! Yummy!
O799oP-ZLFo-00232-00100600-00100998 If you like the video like this,
O799oP-ZLFo-00233-00100998-00101494 Don’t forget to Subscribe and click the bell,
O799oP-ZLFo-00234-00101494-00101968 and every time we post the video, you’ll get the notification.
O799oP-ZLFo-00235-00101968-00102096 Right! That’s right!
O799oP-ZLFo-00236-00102096-00102728 Oh ya, don’t forget to like and share.
O799oP-ZLFo-00237-00102728-00103138 To your families, friends and the neighbor.
O799oP-ZLFo-00238-00103138-00103666 Let’s enjoy the food that we have experiment on.
O799oP-ZLFo-00239-00103696-00104092 See you guys in the next video.
O799oP-ZLFo-00240-00104140-00104272 Bye!
O799oP-ZLFo-00241-00104272-00104333 Bye bye!
O799oP-ZLFo-00242-00104333-00104604 Thank you for watching!
O7fOi8dC0jU-00000-00000086-00000286 HOSPITAL CORPSMAN HAVE SAVED THE LIVES OF MANY
O7fOi8dC0jU-00001-00000286-00000520 SAILORS AND MARINES BUT ALL TOO OFTEN IT COULDN'T
O7fOi8dC0jU-00002-00000520-00000717 BE DONE WITHOUT THE HELP OF STRETCHER BEARERS.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00003-00000767-00000967 NOT ONLY ARE STRETCHER BEARERS USUALLY FIRST ON
O7fOi8dC0jU-00004-00000967-00001164 THE SCENE, THEY ARE ALSO THE FIRST TO START
O7fOi8dC0jU-00005-00001164-00001264 ADMININISTERING CARE.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00006-00001290-00001497 STRETCHER BEARERS COME FROM ANY RATE AND ARE
O7fOi8dC0jU-00007-00001497-00001731 SPECIALLY TRAINED BY HOSPITAL CORPSMAN TO CARE
O7fOi8dC0jU-00008-00001731-00002061 FOR INJURIES SUCH AS CHEST WOUNDS, BURNS, COMPOUND
O7fOi8dC0jU-00009-00002061-00002261 FRACTURES AND EXCESSIVE BLEEDING.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00010-00002261-00002475 THEY ARE ALSO TRAINED ON MAKING SURE A SITUATION IS
O7fOi8dC0jU-00011-00002475-00002692 SAFE SO CARE CAN BE PROVIDED.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00012-00002692-00002952 IF THE SCENE IS NOT SAFE, THEY KNOW HOW TO PROPERLY
O7fOi8dC0jU-00013-00002952-00003152 MOVE VICTIMS ONTO STRETCHERS AND BRING THEM
O7fOi8dC0jU-00014-00003152-00003389 TO MEDICAL WITHOUT FURTHER INJURING THE SAILORS.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00015-00003443-00003643 THROUGHOUT THE YEARS, STRETCHER BEARERS HAVE
O7fOi8dC0jU-00016-00003643-00003853 PLAYED PIVOTAL ROLES IN KEEPING OUR SAILORS ALIVE,
O7fOi8dC0jU-00017-00003853-00004120 MAKING ANYONE A POTENTIAL HERO TO ANOTHER SAILOR IN
O7fOi8dC0jU-00018-00004120-00004253 DESPERATE NEED.
O7fOi8dC0jU-00019-00004253-00004454 TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT STRETCHER BEARERS, TALK TO
O7fOi8dC0jU-00020-00004454-00004654 ONE OF YOUR LOCAL HOSPITAL CORPSMAN.
O7jg7Ph7twU-00000-00000000-00003000 With help from Great Commission Air, Benj is now a missionary pilot in Alaska!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00000-00000052-00000114 HA!!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00001-00000114-00000229 I'm The self-centered
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00002-00000229-00000368 878 Inventor
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00003-00000368-00000516 In the winter
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00004-00000516-00000610 the weather is cold
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00005-00000610-00000742 so I don't wanna get up
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00006-00000742-00000830 Turn off the alarm
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00007-00000830-00000902 and keep sleeping!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00008-00000902-00001003 The teacher called me again
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00009-00001003-00001172 And then late for school, got scolded, got ****ed
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00010-00001172-00001264 DAMN~
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00011-00001264-00001366 This weather is so cold
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00012-00001366-00001514 How can I get up?
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00013-00001514-00001620 Can't even do it
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00014-00001620-00001698 Drrrrrr~ah
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00015-00001698-00001952 What should I do?
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00016-00001952-00002052 Gei ~~
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00017-00002120-00002340 The newest technology  ''Timing alarm''
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00018-00002340-00002538 When the phone vibrates, the button will be pressed down and set the fire
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00019-00002538-00002740 Then the fire alarm will wake me up
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00020-00002740-00002900 First, let me set my alarm
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00021-00006274-00006350 OH~ IT'S NOT WORKING!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00022-00006350-00006456 Not working at all
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00023-00006456-00006556 The timing alarm
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00024-00006564-00006659 Really can
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00025-00006666-00006845 Burn the house down
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00026-00006845-00006928 So
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00027-00006928-00006981 I'm gonna invent a new one
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00028-00006986-00007064 That stops me
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00029-00007064-00007264 from falling asleep again
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00030-00007402-00007844 STEP 1.  Connect The Wires to The Switch
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00031-00008100-00008552 STEP 2. Install The Hydraulic Rods
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00032-00008662-00009162 STEP 3. Connect The Switch to The Detonator
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00033-00009378-00009912 STEP 4. Test
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00034-00010204-00010448 This time it will definitely wake me up
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00035-00010448-00010750 Let's Go!! I'm sure I can get up
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00036-00010856-00010924 Let's set the alarm first
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00037-00011432-00011600 OK, sleep time!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00038-00012184-00012348 oh, so hot!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00039-00013284-00013408 * Should I translate this? :/ *
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00040-00013452-00013619 No,I can't do this, just keep sleeping
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00041-00013619-00013774 or I might got wrecked again by YouTube
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00042-00014244-00014304 AH!!!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00043-00014316-00014516 For **** sake, how dare you delete my video, YouTube
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00044-00014574-00014696 **** You, HA!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00045-00014919-00015004 *Fart Noises*
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00046-00017266-00017466 What! Gonna late again!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00047-00017732-00017932 OH,why am I still having a boner?
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00048-00019062-00019262 Don't ruin my house, bro
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00049-00019262-00019346 Come to 2K
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00050-00019350-00019550 ****! It's a bed!!!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00051-00019554-00019754 I told you not doing that
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00052-00019754-00019944 You are so ****ing dirty , Don't sleep on it
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00053-00019954-00020154 ****,NEW.... HO
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00054-00020154-00020216 Get out of my bed
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00055-00020378-00020564 Don't sleep on my bed
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00056-00020572-00020808 Let me sleep 5 minutes please~
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00057-00020808-00020954 5 minutes?
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00058-00021092-00021292 I will wake you up after 5 minutes
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00059-00022954-00023542 I finally got up and went to school on time.                                                                                                            The end was hurt~                                                                           I thought I can wake him up, but it actually did!                                                   My friend just FLEW AWAY           HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! That's so funny!
O9SI6KhC1nQ-00060-00023564-00023860 Translated at Jan 24th, 2018                  Please subscribe to The 878 Inventor for more videos!
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OtOVwaqpn1E-00000-00000000-00001137 in this course will study the arteries and link for this we will adopt the following plan we will
OtOVwaqpn1E-00001-00001137-00001602 start the too short with an introduction then we will study the relatives of ruminants
OtOVwaqpn1E-00002-00001602-00002289 of the nominal order thirdly we will study the common iliac arteries then
OtOVwaqpn1E-00003-00002289-00003258 iliac arteries external the internal iliac arteries and to rabbit and a freelance conclusion to introduce
OtOVwaqpn1E-00004-00003258-00004053 the arteries and the common are two in number these arteries and the common in the external iliac artery
OtOVwaqpn1E-00005-00004053-00004644 and the earth it is internal it vascularizes the pelvis than their shadow on the ground
OtOVwaqpn1E-00006-00005053-00005485 concerning the good i finish a dollar domina lahoud divides into three sleeves
OtOVwaqpn1E-00007-00005485-00006100 at the level of the cat firstly the two arteries and the
OtOVwaqpn1E-00008-00006202-00006898 left and right commons the central part she in the median
OtOVwaqpn1E-00009-00007114-00007768 sacral artery the medial sacral artery innate from the posterior aspect of the abdominal rto and descends on
OtOVwaqpn1E-00010-00007768-00008437 the anterior face 2005 and the sacral concerning the arteries and the aqua mu these are essentially
OtOVwaqpn1E-00011-00008437-00009035 passage arteries and end in this purpose were that one in two arteries of the
OtOVwaqpn1E-00012-00009035-00009762 internal iliac arteries and the iliac artery the external one for vicinity of the sacro iliac articulation
OtOVwaqpn1E-00013-00010155-00011165 the arteries and the commune answers on the right and before the trans sympathetic lambert
OtOVwaqpn1E-00014-00011249-00011813 posteriorly to the vein there a like left and to the psoas muscle
OtOVwaqpn1E-00015-00012062-00012481 laterally it responds to the gonadal back
OtOVwaqpn1E-00016-00012714-00012909 and right land gait
OtOVwaqpn1E-00017-00013113-00013816 to the left it responds forward to the home artery behind back to the eve there is
OtOVwaqpn1E-00018-00013816-00014677 how much left and to the psoas right it responds to the gonadal vessels and ureters
OtOVwaqpn1E-00019-00015106-00016204 concerning the external iliac arteries are the passage arteries of the lower limb
OtOVwaqpn1E-00020-00016204-00016951 part of the abdominal wall and therefore as collateral the artery and pk strict inferior
OtOVwaqpn1E-00021-00016951-00017996 and the artery this complex that there is deep secondly we have the internal iliac arteries
OtOVwaqpn1E-00022-00017996-00018713 or well ibuka strict it is a branch division posters to the inters of the arteries and led them
OtOVwaqpn1E-00023-00018821-00019796 these are the main arteries of the parish service and the pelvic continuum for the art because it
OtOVwaqpn1E-00024-00019796-00020423 is att eint they are vertically against the pelvic wall accompanied by the clouds it is to be feared there
OtOVwaqpn1E-00025-00020423-00021677 is that behind it responds to the sacral in it responds to the sacroiliac joint and laterally it
OtOVwaqpn1E-00026-00021677-00022973 responds to the psoas muscle to the external iliac vein German media respond to the terminal part
OtOVwaqpn1E-00027-00022973-00024311 of the lion in front it responds to on earth for its good terminal l of which will have to terminal
OtOVwaqpn1E-00028-00024311-00024974 or else of tran the first tron ​​it is the arterial trunk have besides that vasco the laughing the
OtOVwaqpn1E-00029-00024974-00025943 organs of the pelvis and the inputs here it is the transporter for the 30 to pay it in several
OtOVwaqpn1E-00030-00025943-00027017 collateral branches firstly and in the obturator artery which passes into the obturator canal
OtOVwaqpn1E-00031-00027100-00028441 then one to the country artery in a mourning the artery fights and alain ferrière middle rectal and the art
OtOVwaqpn1E-00032-00028441-00029467 concerning the obturator artery it descends anteriorly towards the obturator canal it is
OtOVwaqpn1E-00033-00029467-00030356 applied to the obturator muscle ranger in euros by the obturator nerve in jeans and
OtOVwaqpn1E-00034-00030356-00031313 below by the emblem operator eve she in d he branches for him psoas muscle vesical branches
OtOVwaqpn1E-00035-00031477-00031973 for the bladder and branches for the pubis
OtOVwaqpn1E-00036-00032244-00033311 the terminal bronzes of the obturator artery it descends in front from below towards the reiter's canal
OtOVwaqpn1E-00037-00033403-00034128 and ends in two branches a branch in the ground and the postal branch r secondly
OtOVwaqpn1E-00038-00034191-00034853 one to the umbilical artery it is the first branch of visceral that they go
OtOVwaqpn1E-00039-00034853-00035907 downwards to skirt the superior and lateral face of the bladder and in such visits canes
OtOVwaqpn1E-00040-00036704-00037038 the internal modesty artery is destined to the benefits
OtOVwaqpn1E-00041-00037164-00037911 it descends vertically from the crossbars the foram and infra perry strong here are the perry muscles strong
OtOVwaqpn1E-00042-00038061-00038779 teaser of the pelvis between the sciatic nerve and the python nerve slab
OtOVwaqpn1E-00043-00039251-00039647 it is accompanied worldwide by lunar plus total
OtOVwaqpn1E-00044-00039937-00040036 and the gluten vessels
OtOVwaqpn1E-00045-00040398-00040671 laterally it is accompanied by the sciatic nerve
OtOVwaqpn1E-00046-00041028-00041573 then it passes behind ligaments transfers this from the perineum
OtOVwaqpn1E-00047-00041763-00042742 and ends in two branches it passes into the sport channel and ends in two
OtOVwaqpn1E-00048-00042971-00043359 first the deep artery of the penis nis of the clitoris
OtOVwaqpn1E-00049-00043546-00043894 and secondly the dorsal artery of the penis or the clitoris
OtOVwaqpn1E-00050-00044197-00044765 and therefore that we branch collateral the urethral
OtOVwaqpn1E-00051-00044954-00045644 artery the lower rectal artery and at the end the Pyrenean land
OtOVwaqpn1E-00052-00046146-00046407 concerning our posterior rank is inside
OtOVwaqpn1E-00053-00046631-00047573 the iljo lambert artery yet here it is posterior of the artery the in the artery elected to the lumbar
OtOVwaqpn1E-00054-00048029-00048389 it danced the upper gluten artery
OtOVwaqpn1E-00055-00048766-00049468 by way of conclusion the arteries and the communes are two in number they allow the supply
OtOVwaqpn1E-00056-00049468-00050017 of oxygenated blood to the pelvis and the lower limb these arteries arise from the division
OtOVwaqpn1E-00057-00050017-00050665 into three of the abdominal artery at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra it in
OtOVwaqpn1E-00058-00050665-00051382 the desert and the left joint than on the right and the sacral ground remedial the artery and the
OtOVwaqpn1E-00059-00051382-00052132 joint will then be at the bottom and runs along the world edge of music groups 3 it
OtOVwaqpn1E-00060-00052132-00052755 ends anterior to the sacroiliac joint one gives one the external iliac artery and the artery
OuTm6mQLKeI-00000-00000347-00000513 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00001-00001096-00001260 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00002-00001844-00002028 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00003-00002612-00002833 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00004-00003390-00003580 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00005-00004155-00004322 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00006-00004915-00005108 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00007-00005720-00005918 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00008-00006520-00006741 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00009-00007342-00007540 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00010-00008134-00008324 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00011-00008917-00009116 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00012-00009727-00009967 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00013-00010552-00010709 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00014-00011294-00011535 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00015-00012129-00012313 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00016-00012880-00013115 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00017-00013656-00013846 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00018-00014413-00014607 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00019-00015181-00015345 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00020-00015963-00016124 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00021-00016751-00016944 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00022-00017538-00017723 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00023-00018299-00018488 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00024-00019098-00019259 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00025-00019860-00020095 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00026-00020661-00020842 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00027-00021477-00021639 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00028-00022292-00022490 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00029-00023091-00023255 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00030-00023839-00024023 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00031-00024624-00024805 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00032-00025387-00025552 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00033-00026127-00026367 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00034-00026978-00027177 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00035-00027797-00027981 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00036-00028574-00028814 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00037-00029382-00029572 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00038-00030181-00030343 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00039-00030969-00031173 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00040-00031758-00031915 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00041-00032509-00032694 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00042-00033329-00033490 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00043-00034117-00034310 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00044-00034903-00035084 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00045-00035660-00035849 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00046-00036416-00036573 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00047-00037147-00037312 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00048-00037886-00038091 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00049-00038676-00038916 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00050-00039475-00039710 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00051-00040269-00040510 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00052-00041137-00041298 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00053-00041933-00042113 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00054-00042749-00042910 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00055-00043545-00043712 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00056-00044294-00044459 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00057-00045042-00045209 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00058-00045810-00045990 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00059-00046572-00046737 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00060-00047320-00047487 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00061-00048070-00048291 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00062-00048893-00049090 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00063-00049702-00049895 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00064-00050489-00050673 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00065-00051256-00051421 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00066-00052003-00052183 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00067-00052750-00052986 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00068-00053571-00053769 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00069-00054363-00054553 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00070-00055110-00055331 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00071-00055895-00056060 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00072-00056635-00056828 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00073-00057402-00057567 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00074-00058133-00058353 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00075-00058917-00059083 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00076-00059631-00059866 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00077-00060433-00060613 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00078-00061215-00061399 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00079-00062001-00062167 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00080-00062803-00062964 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00081-00063574-00063764 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00082-00064304-00064539 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00083-00065099-00065292 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00084-00065867-00066089 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00085-00066664-00066904 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00086-00067489-00067682 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00087-00068258-00068479 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00088-00069054-00069247 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00089-00069822-00070044 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00090-00070627-00070812 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00091-00071413-00071580 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00092-00072171-00072376 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00093-00072969-00073149 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00094-00073751-00073917 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00095-00074511-00074751 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00096-00075378-00075540 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00097-00076167-00076360 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00098-00076954-00077138 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00099-00077758-00077956 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00100-00078550-00078739 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00101-00079280-00079516 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00102-00080065-00080286 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00103-00080860-00081064 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00104-00081624-00081858 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00105-00082425-00082606 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00106-00083225-00083423 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00107-00084034-00084191 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00108-00084785-00084951 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00109-00085554-00085738 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00110-00086320-00086485 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00111-00087059-00087216 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00112-00087792-00088013 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00113-00088577-00088742 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00114-00089325-00089505 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00115-00090106-00090273 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00116-00090865-00091069 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00117-00091655-00091848 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00118-00092441-00092608 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00119-00093184-00093373 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00120-00093949-00094134 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00121-00094701-00094935 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00122-00095485-00095706 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00123-00096255-00096490 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00124-00097058-00097242 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00125-00097878-00098039 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00126-00098655-00098820 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00127-00099378-00099567 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00128-00100133-00100337 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00129-00100931-00101098 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00130-00101691-00101931 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00131-00102516-00102673 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00132-00103266-00103446 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00133-00104013-00104248 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00134-00104849-00105011 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00135-00105664-00105863 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00136-00106474-00106667 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00137-00107261-00107427 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00138-00108019-00108224 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00139-00108836-00109034 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00140-00109644-00109849 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00141-00110443-00110627 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00142-00111209-00111375 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00143-00111949-00112143 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00144-00112727-00112884 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00145-00113470-00113663 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00146-00114248-00114405 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00147-00114998-00115165 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00148-00115741-00115930 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00149-00116471-00116706 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00150-00117292-00117489 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00151-00118090-00118255 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00152-00118839-00119023 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00153-00119658-00119820 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00154-00120421-00120656 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00155-00121223-00121390 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00156-00121990-00122171 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00157-00122747-00122936 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00158-00123530-00123728 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00159-00124339-00124579 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00160-00125163-00125368 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00161-00125996-00126157 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00162-00126784-00126941 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00163-00127533-00127714 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00164-00128307-00128464 Alberta
OuTm6mQLKeI-00165-00129091-00129253 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00166-00129879-00130083 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00167-00130651-00130841 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00168-00131398-00131619 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00169-00132194-00132434 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00170-00133019-00133223 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00171-00133782-00134017 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00172-00134603-00134801 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00173-00135402-00135566 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00174-00136141-00136381 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00175-00136975-00137142 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00176-00137761-00137959 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00177-00138544-00138779 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00178-00139347-00139514 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00179-00140107-00140300 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00180-00140859-00141094 Northwest Territories
OuTm6mQLKeI-00181-00141661-00141841 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00182-00142460-00142659 British Columbia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00183-00143278-00143445 Yukon
OuTm6mQLKeI-00184-00144047-00144231 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00185-00144867-00145028 Quebec
OuTm6mQLKeI-00186-00145655-00145895 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00187-00146480-00146673 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00188-00147248-00147413 Nunavut
OuTm6mQLKeI-00189-00147996-00148176 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00190-00148769-00148962 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00191-00149530-00149719 Nova Scotia
OuTm6mQLKeI-00192-00150277-00150498 Prince Edward Island
OuTm6mQLKeI-00193-00151080-00151261 Manitoba
OuTm6mQLKeI-00194-00151863-00152047 Ontario
OuTm6mQLKeI-00195-00152639-00152844 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00196-00153429-00153622 New Brunswick
OuTm6mQLKeI-00197-00154206-00154411 Saskatchewan
OuTm6mQLKeI-00198-00154996-00155236 Newfoundland and Labrador
OuTm6mQLKeI-00199-00155864-00156025 Quebec
OylyYk1Ghqy-00000-00000761-00001238 the application of mineral stains is a
OylyYk1Ghqy-00001-00001044-00001479 quick and direct method for identifying
OylyYk1Ghqy-00002-00001238-00001641 minerals in thin sections staining
OylyYk1Ghqy-00003-00001479-00001821 highlights target minerals that may be
OylyYk1Ghqy-00004-00001641-00002027 petrol graphically diagnostic in
OylyYk1Ghqy-00005-00001821-00002301 classifying Iraq or understanding its
OylyYk1Ghqy-00006-00002027-00002501 history this information can also serve
OylyYk1Ghqy-00007-00002301-00002726 as a prerequisite for more advanced
OylyYk1Ghqy-00008-00002501-00003096 quantitative micro analysis performed on
OylyYk1Ghqy-00009-00002726-00003318 polished them sections the staining
OylyYk1Ghqy-00010-00003096-00003603 procedure is straightforward and similar
OylyYk1Ghqy-00011-00003318-00003801 for all types of stains protective
OylyYk1Ghqy-00012-00003603-00003971 equipment and caution is essential as
OylyYk1Ghqy-00013-00003801-00004305 some of the chemical components are very
OylyYk1Ghqy-00014-00003971-00004584 dangerous the first step is to calibrate
OylyYk1Ghqy-00015-00004305-00005005 and mix a chemical solution or reagent
OylyYk1Ghqy-00016-00004584-00005005 that will react with the desired mineral
OylyYk1Ghqy-00017-00005030-00005550 next the reagent is applied to the
OylyYk1Ghqy-00018-00005307-00006369 section the solution is poured into a
OylyYk1Ghqy-00019-00005550-00006597 well and sections are submerged when the
OylyYk1Ghqy-00020-00006369-00006786 calibrated reaction time is complete a
OylyYk1Ghqy-00021-00006597-00007334 reaction is stopped by roasting under
OylyYk1Ghqy-00022-00006786-00007536 water stain sections are dry then cover
OylyYk1Ghqy-00023-00007334-00007989 glass to preserve the same and improve
OylyYk1Ghqy-00024-00007536-00008179 optical clarity spectrum offers for
OylyYk1Ghqy-00025-00007989-00008424 stains for two important mineral groups
OylyYk1Ghqy-00026-00008179-00008693 cell spar stains discriminate between
OylyYk1Ghqy-00027-00008424-00008868 potassium cell spar plagioclase and
OylyYk1Ghqy-00028-00008693-00009075 quartz most
OylyYk1Ghqy-00029-00008868-00009261 igneous rock classifications rely upon
OylyYk1Ghqy-00030-00009075-00009497 the proportions of these three minerals
OylyYk1Ghqy-00031-00009261-00009800 which are all colorless and have similar
OylyYk1Ghqy-00032-00009497-00010091 release and dense section
OylyYk1Ghqy-00033-00009800-00010484 kay stain hence potassium bearing sells
OylyYk1Ghqy-00034-00010091-00010972 bars yellow pee stain hence the calcium
OylyYk1Ghqy-00035-00010484-00011279 bearing n member and North site red if
OylyYk1Ghqy-00036-00010972-00011515 necessary K and P stains can be used
OylyYk1Ghqy-00037-00011279-00011515 together
OylyYk1Ghqy-00038-00011731-00012094 carbonate stains discriminate between
OylyYk1Ghqy-00039-00011911-00012547 the main categories of abundant
OylyYk1Ghqy-00040-00012094-00012859 carbonate minerals see stain tenth
OylyYk1Ghqy-00041-00012547-00013105 calcite red this offers distinction from
OylyYk1Ghqy-00042-00012859-00013506 the magnesium bearing carbonate dolomite
OylyYk1Ghqy-00043-00013105-00013794 which does not stain f stain
OylyYk1Ghqy-00044-00013506-00014002 hence ferrous iron blue the presence of
OylyYk1Ghqy-00045-00013794-00014448 iron may be indicative of unusual
OylyYk1Ghqy-00046-00014002-00014697 hydrothermal alteration the combination
OylyYk1Ghqy-00047-00014448-00015069 of C and F stains can offer additional
OylyYk1Ghqy-00048-00014697-00015069 clues about formation conditions
OylyYk1Ghqy-00049-00015162-00015663 questions about how stains could assist
OylyYk1Ghqy-00050-00015388-00015947 your research find us online at petraju
OylyYk1Ghqy-00051-00015663-00015947 fee calm
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00000-00000000-00000195 Hello everyone and welcome back
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00001-00000195-00000483 to our channel "The World of Aron & Gianina" !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00002-00000483-00000876 Today we're preparing FRUIT SORBETS !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00003-00000876-00001264 Refreshing, healthy and rich in mineral salts,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00004-00001264-00001474 I'm talking about them,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00005-00001474-00001869 the perfect end of any summer meal.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00006-00001869-00002161 You can do it with every fruit you like,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00007-00002161-00002395 cuz they're so versatile.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00008-00002450-00002743 Experts think that the word "sorbet" comes from 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00009-00002743-00002976 the old Turkish "sharber"
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00010-00002976-00003203 (Basically means "sip")
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00011-00003203-00003391 The word "sorbet", in fact, 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00012-00003391-00003603 came popular in the Middle Ages
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00013-00003603-00003838 cuz it remembered the sound of those who ate it,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00014-00003838-00004009 sucking it a little at a time (don't be nasty okay?!).
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00015-00004044-00004339 Romans gave us a really clear testimony
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00016-00004339-00004543 of how to make it.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00017-00004543-00004799 They used to mix snow and fruits juices
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00018-00004799-00005116 and got these delicious sorbets.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00019-00005141-00005670 The snow was put in special caves were it could be fresh all the year
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00020-00005670-00005894 like the Sicilian "granita" (link up and right)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00021-00005894-00006333 At the beginning, this food was eaten only by aristocracy
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00022-00006333-00006730 but in the next centuries also farmers could do it
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00023-00006730-00006970 and today with all this tecnology
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00024-00006970-00007285 everyone can do it and it's really easy
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00025-00007285-00007583 Here we're presenting you our versions...
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00026-00007583-00007696 ..music starts vibing..
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00027-00007696-00007964 Our first choice is the mango sorbet;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00028-00007964-00008313 here we have 3 wonderfully matured mangoes,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00029-00008313-00008655 you have to choose the most red ones
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00030-00008655-00008981 Peel the mango and clean the seed (I swear it's full of stuff)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00031-00008981-00009404 The mango fruit is full of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00032-00009404-00009688 beyond having a lot of A vitamin.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00033-00009688-00010277 Also it has "lupeol", a vitamin good for pancreas and intestine;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00034-00010277-00010574 mango is useful when you've water retention (cellulite)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00035-00010574-00010840 ..chill music..
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00036-00010840-00011410 Cut in little pieces and put in the freezer for 4-6 hours,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00037-00011410-00011873 then mix with 70ml of glucose syrup
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00038-00011873-00012297 and begin mixing for 3-4 minutes, or until you have a creamy consistency
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00039-00012297-00012716 (you find the link of our syrup recipe in the description).
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00040-00012841-00013152 For the presentation we put the mixture in some jars,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00041-00013152-00013426 but you can put it in freezer boxes or stuff
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00042-00013426-00013757 Finally put again in the freezer for at least 2 hours
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00043-00013808-00014163 Let's go ahead with the second sorbet, ananas and peach
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00044-00014163-00014603 Peel the ananas and take away the central part (cuz has a harder texture)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00045-00014603-00015013 The ananas has purifying and detoxifiers properties:
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00046-00015013-00015275 also has lots of vitamins, 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00047-00015275-00015519 that relieve some body aches.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00048-00015519-00015832 From now we're gonna repeat the same process,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00049-00015832-00016220 so cut in little pieces, put them on a tray with baking sheet 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00050-00016220-00016479 and go in the freezer for 4-6 hours.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00051-00016479-00016900 Now let's talk about the peaches (not the J.Bieber son tho):
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00052-00016900-00017425 They're rich in vitamin A and C, potassium and fibers
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00053-00017425-00017852 Do you know that the peach seed is poisonous when it hits the saliva?
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00054-00017852-00018101 In fact it spreads a little quantity of hydrocyanic acid (cyanide)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00055-00018101-00018299 and it can cause serious poisoning.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00056-00018299-00018500 So, please, DON'T EAT IT !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00057-00018655-00018937 Our third choice is berries ice-cream,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00058-00018937-00019352 they're one of the best remedies that the Nature can offer.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00059-00019352-00019660 They contain A, B and C vitamins;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00060-00019660-00020137 also they have antioxidant power in the fight against free redicals.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00061-00020137-00020581 We decided to put more blackberries to give it a darker color.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00062-00020581-00020992 Blackberries keep the arteries clean cuz they contain salycilate
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00063-00020992-00021442 and the raspberries help improve the body's immune defenses.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00064-00021442-00021950 Strawberries are rich in antioxidants that keep the skin young;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00065-00021950-00022250 finally the blueberries are useful for venous problems.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00066-00022500-00022845 The fourth flavor of sorbet is melon and peppermint:
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00067-00022845-00023318 the melon is thirst-quenching, refreshing and has laxative powers.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00068-00023318-00023708 It mainly contains potassium, A and B3 vitamins.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00069-00023708-00024193 The presence of phosphorus and calcium in the melon makes it great for the bones;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00070-00024193-00024393 it also has "beta-carotene",
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00071-00024393-00024593 that helps develop melanin.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00072-00024593-00024741 It's low calorie and
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00073-00024741-00025061 it's part of many intimate hygiene cleansers.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00074-00025120-00025293 If the peppermint is rubbed on the teeth
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00075-00025293-00025481 it's useful against halitosis.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00076-00025481-00025999 It can be used against nausea for its analgesic properties
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00077-00025999-00026351 Also it's a good ally for the digestion
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00078-00026480-00026723 Our last choice is banana and cocoa:
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00079-00026723-00026986 The word "banana" derives from the arabic (موز - mawz)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00080-00026986-00027132 and means "finger"
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00081-00027132-00027573 Banana is like a heart's friend for its properties (lowers the pression and strengthens the immune system).
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00082-00027573-00027797 For the high content of potassium, 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00083-00027797-00028143 it can cure heart attacks an ICTUS !!
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00084-00028143-00028575 Also, it's rich of B-group vitamins, magnesium and iron.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00085-00028575-00028956 Cocoa was imported in Europe by Cristoforo Colombo;
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00086-00028956-00029284 it contains lipids, carbohydrates and SEROTONIN,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00087-00029284-00029479 very useful during depression.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00088-00029479-00029876 Cocoa's antioxidants help against free radicals and ANXIETY
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00089-00029876-00030282 and to maintain concentration !!  Amazing !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00090-00030383-00030961 Look at how beautiful are our sorbets, so colorful!
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00091-00030961-00031588 ..music highs a little bit..
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00092-00031588-00031950 Okay friends, now we're arrived at my favorite moment, 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00093-00031950-00032043 the TASTE TEST !!
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00094-00032043-00032433 And now let's dig into these !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00095-00032433-00032748 First one, ananas and peach
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00096-00033089-00033398 little moment of happiness
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00097-00033631-00033776 Really particular !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00098-00033776-00034006 Second one, banana and cocoa
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00099-00034266-00034615 This one hit the spot !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00100-00034899-00035087 Really good
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00101-00035189-00035414 Third one, melon and peppermint
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00102-00035537-00035854 This is so refreshing that hits harder than a truck..
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00103-00036000-00036145 Really fresh (obviously)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00104-00036224-00036500 Fourth one, berries
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00105-00036863-00037175 A bit acid cuz there's any sugar, but I still like it !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00106-00037252-00037407 Good !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00107-00037485-00037764 Fifth one, MANGO
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00108-00037986-00038216 thats m fav so I got no words for that
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00109-00038216-00038326 I get a little ice cube lol
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00110-00038415-00038528 What can I say to y'all?
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00111-00038528-00038747 They're all supy dupy good!
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00112-00038747-00038960 But mango is my fav (like I said)
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00113-00038960-00039259 cuz I love the fruit !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00114-00039259-00039500 Then we find the berries one:
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00115-00039500-00039841 its particularity is that it'a a bit acid 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00116-00039841-00040157 and you can distinguish all the fruits.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00117-00040157-00040370 Then there's the revelation,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00118-00040370-00040523 melon and peppermint.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00119-00040523-00040727 It's a particular flavor, 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00120-00040727-00041189 in fact the melon becomes more refreshing with the peppermint
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00121-00041189-00041370 givin' that sprint in flavor
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00122-00041370-00041602 Now there's banana and cocoa,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00123-00041602-00041739 a REVELATION 
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00124-00041739-00042041 I would never think that a banana can give
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00125-00042041-00042279 all the creamy consistency.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00126-00042334-00042701 Finally there's the a particular one, too: peach and ananas
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00127-00042701-00043000 immediately you can taste the ananas,
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00128-00043000-00043403 then you feel that creamy peach flavor.
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00129-00043403-00043780 Soo they're delicious, I recomend all of 'em !
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00130-00043863-00044216 Our video finishes here and what can I say?
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00131-00044216-00044490 If you liked the video, hit that subscribe button
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00132-00044490-00044831 put lots of likes and comments
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00133-00044831-00045109 and have a nice day
OyW6sk8V9Zu-00134-00045109-00045633 Bye friends and click the bell for the notifications !!!!
OBZIIY46QCy-00000-00000141-00000341 In this unit, we will talk about
OBZIIY46QCy-00001-00000343-00000584 specialized areas of study
OBZIIY46QCy-00002-00000604-00000884 whose names end in the letters ICS.
OBZIIY46QCy-00003-00000992-00001382 [MUSIC]
OBZIIY46QCy-00004-00001537-00001926 Pedagogics deals with the theory and practice of learning.
OBZIIY46QCy-00005-00001935-00002196 The word pedagogue refers to a teacher.
OBZIIY46QCy-00006-00002302-00002572 Thermodynamics is a branch of physics
OBZIIY46QCy-00007-00002574-00002774 that correlates factors like
OBZIIY46QCy-00008-00002777-00003049 heat and temperature to energy and work
OBZIIY46QCy-00009-00003206-00003400 Economics is a social science
OBZIIY46QCy-00010-00003402-00003676 concerned with the production, distribution,
OBZIIY46QCy-00011-00003679-00003961 and consumption of goods and services
OBZIIY46QCy-00012-00003963-00004200 OR in short, it is the study of wealth.
OBZIIY46QCy-00013-00004456-00004682 Ergonomicsis a science-based
OBZIIY46QCy-00014-00004684-00004929 discipline that studies people’s efficiency
OBZIIY46QCy-00015-00004931-00005185 in relation their working environment.
OBZIIY46QCy-00016-00005187-00005488 It borrows theories from human anatomy,
OBZIIY46QCy-00017-00005491-00005723 psychology, engineering etc.
OBZIIY46QCy-00018-00005725-00006075 to ensure that people work in a safe and efficient workplace.
OBZIIY46QCy-00019-00006241-00006489 Mechanics is a branch of science dealing with
OBZIIY46QCy-00020-00006492-00006801 the physics of motion under the action of forces.
OBZIIY46QCy-00021-00006803-00007126 The earliest form of mechanics was first discussed
OBZIIY46QCy-00022-00007128-00007364 by Aristotle and Archimedes.
OBZIIY46QCy-00023-00007366-00007663 It was later popularized by classical scientists
OBZIIY46QCy-00024-00007666-00007866 like Galileo and Newton.
OBZIIY46QCy-00025-00007968-00008224 Euthenics is a science that deals with
OBZIIY46QCy-00026-00008227-00008517 controlling the environment for the betterment of
OBZIIY46QCy-00027-00008520-00008748 individuals and other living beings.
OBZIIY46QCy-00028-00008750-00009103 Vaccines, green revolution, and water treatment plants
OBZIIY46QCy-00029-00009106-00009363 are current examples of euthenics.
OBZIIY46QCy-00030-00009462-00009777 Avionics pertains to aviation electronics
OBZIIY46QCy-00031-00009780-00010066 OR to electronics as applied to aircraft,
OBZIIY46QCy-00032-00010068-00010337 artificial satellites, and spacecraft.
OBZIIY46QCy-00033-00010420-00010691 Harmonics is a term used in music,
OBZIIY46QCy-00034-00010693-00010975 physics, acoustics, radio technology etc.
OBZIIY46QCy-00035-00010977-00011334 In general, the term is used for musical acoustics
OBZIIY46QCy-00036-00011337-00011571 which is about the wavelengths of the overtones
OBZIIY46QCy-00037-00011573-00011878 of a vibrating string or a column of air.
OBZIIY46QCy-00038-00012068-00012348 Linguistics is the study of language.
OBZIIY46QCy-00039-00012351-00012537 It deals with the correlation
OBZIIY46QCy-00040-00012540-00012716 between sound and meaning.
OBZIIY46QCy-00041-00012719-00012902 Grammar and style are some of
OBZIIY46QCy-00042-00012905-00013175 the major sub-branches of linguistics.
OBZIIY46QCy-00043-00013286-00013541 Metrics is a specialized branch of
OBZIIY46QCy-00044-00013544-00013932 linguistics that deals with the study of making of verses.
OBZIIY46QCy-00045-00014279-00014592 Biometrics refers to statistical analysis
OBZIIY46QCy-00046-00014594-00014931 of a person’s physical and behavioral attributes.
OBZIIY46QCy-00047-00014934-00015271 Biometrics can make the use of a human’s retina,
OBZIIY46QCy-00048-00015274-00015481 facial symmetry, fingerprints,
OBZIIY46QCy-00049-00015483-00015718 gait, odour, signature, voice,
OBZIIY46QCy-00050-00015721-00016102 or even DNA to label and authenticate individuals.
OBZIIY46QCy-00051-00016291-00016538 Obstetrics is a branch of medicine that
OBZIIY46QCy-00052-00016541-00016915 deals with pregnancy, childbirth and a woman’s reproductive system.
OBZIIY46QCy-00053-00016918-00017306 It is usually a twin subject studied along with gynecology.
OBZIIY46QCy-00054-00017388-00017635 Physics deals with the physical properties and
OBZIIY46QCy-00055-00017637-00017855 phenomena of matter and energy.
OBZIIY46QCy-00056-00017964-00018224 Mathematicsis the science of numbers.
OBZIIY46QCy-00057-00018226-00018430 Algebra, calculus, geometry,
OBZIIY46QCy-00058-00018432-00018663 arithmetic, and trigonometry
OBZIIY46QCy-00059-00018665-00018946 are some of the major branches in mathematics.
OBZIIY46QCy-00060-00019110-00019380 Numismatics is the study of currency,
OBZIIY46QCy-00061-00019382-00019635 including paper currency and coins.
OBZIIY46QCy-00062-00019753-00020025 Homiletics is a branch of theology
OBZIIY46QCy-00063-00020027-00020316 that deals with using the principles of rhetoric
OBZIIY46QCy-00064-00020318-00020565 to master the art of public preaching.
OBZIIY46QCy-00065-00020652-00020931 Semiotics is the study of meaning making.
OBZIIY46QCy-00066-00020933-00021227 The earliest form of semiotics was the use of
OBZIIY46QCy-00067-00021229-00021568 hand gestures and facial expressions by early humans
OBZIIY46QCy-00068-00021571-00021816 as a means to communicate with each other.
OBZIIY46QCy-00069-00021818-00022071 The field of semiotics has gradually
OBZIIY46QCy-00070-00022073-00022335 expanded to include analogies, metaphors,
OBZIIY46QCy-00071-00022337-00022606 allegories etc., in communication.
OBZIIY46QCy-00072-00022703-00022915 Optics is the branch of physics that
OBZIIY46QCy-00073-00022917-00023128 deals with the behavior and properties of
OBZIIY46QCy-00074-00023130-00023356 light and other optical instruments.
OBZIIY46QCy-00075-00023481-00023742 Acoustics is the study of sounds.
OBZIIY46QCy-00076-00023745-00024056 As a branch of science, it studies mechanical waves
OBZIIY46QCy-00077-00024059-00024309 in matter in the form of vibration,
OBZIIY46QCy-00078-00024312-00024554 sound, ultrasound, and infrasound.
OBZIIY46QCy-00079-00024692-00025125 Aeronautics is the study of building and operating an aircraft.
OBZIIY46QCy-00080-00025197-00025470 Aerodynamics deals with the interaction of
OBZIIY46QCy-00081-00025472-00025684 air with a moving aircraft.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00000-00001368-00001577 Lerato Mbele:  Okay. And to our panelists please enjoy it,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00001-00001587-00001861 we're going on air in the next 25 seconds.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00002-00005379-00005811 Good afternoon and the warmest welcome to this special debate coming to you live
OHDBDkVCwvu-00003-00005821-00006300 from the World Economic Forum Africa 2011. As you all know by now it's the 21st
OHDBDkVCwvu-00004-00006310-00006823 World Economic Forum to be held in Africa and I can tell you in two decades things
OHDBDkVCwvu-00005-00006837-00007206 have changed, there's definitely a seen change, geopolitically the world
OHDBDkVCwvu-00006-00007220-00007558 is changing, a definite shift. And what we're here to talk about today
OHDBDkVCwvu-00007-00007568-00008040 is essentially that - the shift in global economics, the change in the global
OHDBDkVCwvu-00008-00008054-00008511 architecture of the world, the growth in South-South cooperation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00009-00008521-00009021 It's been said currently BRIC economies - Brazil, Russia, India, and China - account
OHDBDkVCwvu-00010-00009028-00009474 for about 24% of global growth with concerted efforts.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00011-00009484-00009801 It's believed that within the next five years they'll account for 61% of global 
OHDBDkVCwvu-00012-00009807-00010181 growth. Now of course as you know in April of this
OHDBDkVCwvu-00013-00010191-00010601 year South Africa was officially inaugurated into this elite club of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00014-00010611-00011240 emerging market economies and effectively catapulted Africa onto the world stage.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00015-00011247-00011757 What we're here to discuss is whether or not the BRICS is going to offer tangible
OHDBDkVCwvu-00016-00011768-00012248 change in relations economically, any systemic changes in the global trade
OHDBDkVCwvu-00017-00012255-00012634 regime, and any tangible benefits for what's regarded as the new African
OHDBDkVCwvu-00018-00012644-00013375 consumer with Africa having at the very least 160 million people now earning over
OHDBDkVCwvu-00019-00013384-00013694 $5000 per annum.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00020-00013710-00014084 So it's a sea of change, it's euphoria around the sea of change, but what do we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00021-00014094-00014474 need to be cautious about? Debating the question of building
OHDBDkVCwvu-00022-00014484-00015011 South-South relations here at the World Economic Forum with me we have Professor
OHDBDkVCwvu-00023-00015021-00015351 Robert Lawrence who's the Albert L. Williams Professor of Trade and Investment
OHDBDkVCwvu-00024-00015361-00015913 at the Harvard Kennedy School. We also have Ambassador Liu Guijin who's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00025-00015924-00016288 the Special Representative for African Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign
OHDBDkVCwvu-00026-00016297-00016522 Affairs for the People's Republic of China.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00027-00016528-00017127 Then we have Mrs. Obiageli Ezekwesili who is the Vice President for Africa at the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00028-00017140-00017614 World Bank in Washington. Colin Coleman is the Managing Director
OHDBDkVCwvu-00029-00017624-00018175 and Partner for Goldman Sachs here in Africa. Seated next to him is the Honorable
OHDBDkVCwvu-00030-00018184-00018650 Minister of International Relations and Cooperation for South Africa, Ms.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00031-00018657-00019144 Maite Nkoana-Mashabane. And last but certainly not least is the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00032-00019157-00019778 Minister of Commerce and Industry for India, Mr. Anand Sharma.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00033-00019788-00020041 Ladies and gentlemen thank you very much for your time.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00034-00020052-00020331 Let me also remind our viewers that this is essentially an interactive session so
OHDBDkVCwvu-00035-00020340-00020740 after we've ironed out some of the core issues around South-South relations we're
OHDBDkVCwvu-00036-00020754-00021144 going to hear from of our esteemed delegates here at the World Economic Forum
OHDBDkVCwvu-00037-00021154-00021675 2011. Let's start with you Minister
OHDBDkVCwvu-00038-00021682-00022181 Nkoana-Mashabane. South Africa has now become a bona fide of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00039-00022187-00022924 BRICS, it's the S, and many have questioned the merit of south Africa being
OHDBDkVCwvu-00040-00022935-00023038 part of BRICS.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00041-00023080-00023447 They say you're just one-quarter the size of the Russian economy with just 49
OHDBDkVCwvu-00042-00023457-00023964 million people, technically you really have nothing to offer.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00043-00023982-00024651 Maite Nkoana-Mashabane:  Well Lerato good afternoon to fellow panelists and to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00044-00024665-00024987 ladies and gentlemen in the audience.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00045-00025015-00025851 South Africa's membership to BRICS was not an event but a journey.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00046-00025970-00026604 It is a journey that was started by our visionary leaders a long time ago when
OHDBDkVCwvu-00047-00026614-00027568 they finally have been working together to fight colonialism from India to Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00048-00027577-00028247 and finally even at that time they were fighting for freedom and decolonization
OHDBDkVCwvu-00049-00028264-00028791 that people of the south have to work together when they get freedom,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00050-00028801-00029547 political freedom, to also work for economic and social emancipation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00051-00029557-00029931 That's what brought the Bandung Conference to be.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00052-00029937-00030437 At that time those who knew better when the western world was still ruling the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00053-00030448-00030808 group thought our leaders were just but dreaming.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00054-00030814-00031533 The realization of the formation of this very, very progressive formations of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00055-00031547-00032214 south to us is the realization of this vision of our forbearers which works for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00056-00032225-00033288 economic emancipation of our people in the south and so therefore I would want to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00057-00033294-00034360 remind the audience that leaders like O.R. Tambo at that time were invited in such
OHDBDkVCwvu-00058-00034367-00034751 gatherings even though South Africa was still...
OHDBDkVCwvu-00059-00034764-00035602 So for us South Africa joining BRICS is a celebration and a homecoming of that which
OHDBDkVCwvu-00060-00035608-00036037 we waited to see happening. So therefore politically that is
OHDBDkVCwvu-00061-00036047-00036394 a confirmation of that which we have been part of historically.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00062-00036404-00036854 Economically South Africa runs the biggest and most diverse economy on the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00063-00036861-00037570 African continent, the continent of Africa that has become the third fastest growing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00064-00037584-00038382 economy in the world with variant population and with one billion people so
OHDBDkVCwvu-00065-00038391-00038963 we believe that we are in the right forum at the right time and we've got a lot to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00066-00038970-00039147 offer. Lerato Mbele:  All right.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00067-00039157-00039507 So that's what informs the South African membership of BRICS.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00068-00039517-00039987 Minister Anand Sharma, your views - obviously India's got a population of just
OHDBDkVCwvu-00069-00039995-00040824 over a billion people, it's growing above 8%, but tangibly are there any gains in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00070-00040830-00041130 partnering with fellow emerging market economies?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00071-00041193-00041839 Anand Sharma:  I think political leaders must have a vision, they must connect to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00072-00041850-00042457 the contemporary realities to history and what the future beckons.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00073-00042559-00043158 It would be only attributed to short sighted people who lack vision while
OHDBDkVCwvu-00074-00043168-00043724 looking for immediate gains like asking for instant coffee from a coffee machine.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00075-00043740-00044424 As Maite Mashabane, my sister, has explained you have to be connected with
OHDBDkVCwvu-00076-00044434-00044841 history. This is not the first time that this
OHDBDkVCwvu-00077-00044852-00045498 dialogue is emerging. It was before India's own independence,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00078-00045507-00046078 it was during the struggle against apartheid and against colonialism in South Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00079-00046088-00046664 and in Africa, Asia and South Americas. Our leaders they're on a clear position
OHDBDkVCwvu-00080-00046677-00047408 during our national struggles. Mahatma Gandhi who spent 22 years in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00081-00047421-00048320 south Africa and returned to lead India to freedom and his fellow comrades had a deep
OHDBDkVCwvu-00082-00048330-00048810 philosophy also understanding of the global economics.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00083-00048821-00049351 It was ideology against imperialism of political economies, exploitation which
OHDBDkVCwvu-00084-00049361-00049847 colonialism brought - it brought these leaders together.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00085-00049860-00050184 Now today there is a clear shift which is taking place.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00086-00050194-00050891 It's not only a shift of global economic growth, production, but more than that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00087-00050901-00051340 is the rebalancing. So it's not that the BRICS countries
OHDBDkVCwvu-00088-00051350-00052238 contributed 24% as you said to the global economic growth, not 25% of the global GDP
OHDBDkVCwvu-00089-00052248-00052804 but 50% of the global economic output last year.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00090-00052813-00053263 In the coming two years you'll see another shift.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00091-00053274-00054088 The economies of Asia, of Africa, and North Americas will see a major
OHDBDkVCwvu-00092-00054101-00054833 transformation but Asia, European Union, and Americas, North Americas, will be
OHDBDkVCwvu-00093-00054847-00055180 equal sized, each contributing 25%.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00094-00055223-00055791 Eight five percent of the world's population lives in the countries which
OHDBDkVCwvu-00095-00055800-00056187 are poor and developing countries, least developed countries, poor countries;
OHDBDkVCwvu-00096-00056200-00056764 15 % are outside that. Most of the resources of the world are in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00097-00056778-00057125 these countries. You had asked a question which was
OHDBDkVCwvu-00098-00057138-00057670 answered about South Africa it was but natural - the continent of Africa has to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00099-00057684-00058191 be part of the global coalition. It cannot be that the entire Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00100-00058204-00058758 is left out in the global order when the political and economic architecture of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00101-00058767-00059187 world is changing and changing for the better, becoming inclusive,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00102-00059197-00059451 becoming democratic, becoming representative.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00103-00059486-00059767 Lerato Mbele:  Okay. Ambassador Liu we've heard some
OHDBDkVCwvu-00104-00059784-00060670 philosophical reasons to justify this grouping when it comes to China they say
OHDBDkVCwvu-00105-00060679-00061204 it's less philosophy, it's more business. China just wants to take over the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00106-00061214-00061691 Liu Guijin:  Well this time it's the first time for China to be the host to the BRICS
OHDBDkVCwvu-00107-00061701-00062320 leaders conference and it makes a lot of sense because it's the first time that we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00108-00062334-00062814 have a new member, South Africa. Though the size of the economy, the size
OHDBDkVCwvu-00109-00062821-00063265 of the population of South Africa is not that big but it makes a lot of sense for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00110-00063275-00063777 the whole BRICS group and for the continent because South Africa is
OHDBDkVCwvu-00111-00063790-00064471 a gateway to Africa, because South Africa is one of the most mature democracies here in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00112-00064478-00065110 the continent, because South Africa plays a vital and important role in the affairs
OHDBDkVCwvu-00113-00065123-00065333 of the continent.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00114-00065365-00066007 Not only that - in South Africa normally where he decides to do something usually
OHDBDkVCwvu-00115-00066021-00066448 to advance the interest of their whole continent.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00116-00066458-00067120 It's not only South Africa involved. And this BRICS… at this time indicates
OHDBDkVCwvu-00117-00067130-00067554 that the emerging countries, the developing countries as a block, as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00118-00067564-00068253 a group has a bigger say, a louder voice but we do not definitely mean that we have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00119-00068260-00069084 a group which is supposed to be confronting the interest of the developed world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00120-00069094-00069625 It will serve as a bridge of the North-South cooperation dialogue, it will
OHDBDkVCwvu-00121-00069631-00070227 serve as a platform for the BRICS interest for the developing countries to put our
OHDBDkVCwvu-00122-00070237-00070961 heads together  to advance the interest of the whole developing world and to promote
OHDBDkVCwvu-00123-00070971-00071390 prosperity and peaceful world in general.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00124-00071408-00072000 Lerato Mbele:  Colin Coleman, Goldman Sachs, I won't make it your problem,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00125-00072011-00072518 but Jim O'Neil coined BRICS, he's also one of those people who has coined the Next 11
OHDBDkVCwvu-00126-00072528-00073037 emerging market economies to watch. And from stable there's been a lot of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00127-00073044-00073848 criticism as to whether or not the grouping is going to truly change the face
OHDBDkVCwvu-00128-00073854-00074358 and the shape of global economic architecture and whether or not South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00129-00074368-00074754 Africa warrants to be there.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00130-00074916-00075311 Goldman Sachs still not convinced of South-South relations?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00131-00075324-00075544 Colin Coleman:  Precisely the opposite actually.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00132-00075571-00075931 The phenomenon - let's start on the global level - the phenomenon of growth markets
OHDBDkVCwvu-00133-00075942-00076578 is rising as the most important phenomenon in the world today.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00134-00076587-00076911 So on a relative basis what we call growth markets, some people call emerging
OHDBDkVCwvu-00135-00076918-00077302 markets or developing markets, are becoming the source of growth on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00136-00077311-00077820 a relative basis to developed markets and those traditional markets are really
OHDBDkVCwvu-00137-00077830-00078421 dependent more and more on the rise of China, $6.5 trillion economy, we believe
OHDBDkVCwvu-00138-00078434-00079070 will overtake the United States as part of the BRIC analysis was that effectively
OHDBDkVCwvu-00139-00079080-00079487 these BRIC economies are going to become the dominant economies by the year 2050.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00140-00079504-00080245 And the view of Goldman Sachs has been that institutional investors will want to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00141-00080254-00080806 know where the emerging market growth is happening and it's really been the BRIC
OHDBDkVCwvu-00142-00080817-00081297 story -- which is Brazil, Russia, India, and China for those people who are not
OHDBDkVCwvu-00143-00081307-00081864 familiar - the BRIC story has effectively been an econometrics analysis which has
OHDBDkVCwvu-00144-00081878-00082274 built on the basis of some assumptions and just to understand what those assumptions
OHDBDkVCwvu-00145-00082283-00082496 are. There are assumptions about populations,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00146-00082507-00083144 there are assumptions about GDP, size of GDP growth over this period.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00147-00083158-00083688 And as a consequence the view is that over this period of the next 20 to 50
OHDBDkVCwvu-00148-00083700-00084170 years the BRIC economies and the Next 11 which are the next largest after the BRIC
OHDBDkVCwvu-00149-00084184-00084618 economies will become the dominant economies in the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00150-00084628-00085317 In relation to South Africa, if you take a cold, clinical analysis of where South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00151-00085327-00085934 Africa is today you reach two conclusions. One is South Africa is the dominant… said
OHDBDkVCwvu-00152-00085941-00086605 is the dominant country today within Africa to represent Africa on the world
OHDBDkVCwvu-00153-00086618-00087000 stage and particularly within the BRIC economies.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00154-00087010-00087571 And secondly that South Africa is a relatively small economy if you take South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00155-00087577-00088523 Africa's GDP it's $380 billion versus China's $6.5 trillion economy, 49 million
OHDBDkVCwvu-00156-00088533-00089264 population versus 1.3 billion people in the case of India and China.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00157-00089274-00089844 And so it is from an analytical point of view a question as to South Africa's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00158-00089855-00090571 position as a BRIC but there's not question in the minds of everybody,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00159-00090581-00091115 myself as a patriotic South African included, that South Africa plays a very vital role
OHDBDkVCwvu-00160-00091125-00091554 as a member of the BRIC in a new geopolitical reality and that geopolitical
OHDBDkVCwvu-00161-00091560-00091997 reality is that the BRICS are part of the global future.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00162-00092007-00092534 Lerato Mbele:  Obia Ezekwesili we've been talking for the last 20 years about the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00163-00092544-00093166 Washington Consensus, classical economics, the state mustn't be too involved in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00164-00093180-00093624 growth - those kinds of things. And now we're talking about the China
OHDBDkVCwvu-00165-00093631-00094028 Consensus. Is it too early to be talking about things
OHDBDkVCwvu-00166-00094038-00094248 like that? Has the world really changed from a World
OHDBDkVCwvu-00167-00094255-00094570 Bank point of view? Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili:  I don't think
OHDBDkVCwvu-00168-00094577-00095318 that anything about the importance of macroeconomic foundations on the basis of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00169-00095327-00095797 growth have changed, even China had to take care of the fundamentals as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00170-00095808-00096203 a business for its good. It wasn't until China embraced the market
OHDBDkVCwvu-00171-00096210-00096487 principles in the management of its economy that we saw the good that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00172-00096494-00096868 happened, the same thing with Russia. I think that essentially the idea that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00173-00096877-00097521 there is some model that is going to be prescriptive and be the basis of growth of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00174-00097531-00098130 nations probably is passé. The only thing that matters today is the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00175-00098140-00098664 pragmatism with which countries are able to know that there are fundamentals that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00176-00098674-00099148 you need to take care of to ensure that you have your macroeconomic stability as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00177-00099158-00099620 a necessary precondition for every other thing you do in order to grow is something
OHDBDkVCwvu-00178-00099630-00100067 that Africa has led and that's why in the last decade we saw the growth that would
OHDBDkVCwvu-00179-00100084-00100478 send in Africa. The next thing of course how Africa then
OHDBDkVCwvu-00180-00100491-00101103 takes advantage of the opportunities of being integrated to the global market
OHDBDkVCwvu-00181-00101117-00101591 place, how does it embrace its own comparative advantages and then use that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00182-00101604-00102231 as a basis to actually deepen and spread out the growth so that it can be growth
OHDBDkVCwvu-00183-00102242-00102718 that comes with jobs. Lerato Mbele:  Professor Lawrence, I want
OHDBDkVCwvu-00184-00102727-00103107 to capitalize on the fact that you're a professor of trade here.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00185-00103118-00103702 Have there been real tangible gains between the collaboration of Asian,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00186-00103708-00104100 African, and Latin American countries? Certainly we've seen trade between Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00187-00104107-00104854 and Asia grow above 30% but in the greater scheme of things Africa's contribution to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00188-00104864-00105398 world is still something less than 2%. So is this really having a positive
OHDBDkVCwvu-00189-00105409-00105644 impact? Robert Lawrence: I think it
OHDBDkVCwvu-00190-00105650-00106220 is unquestionably having a huge impact. I mean conventional wisdom in 2000 was
OHDBDkVCwvu-00191-00106233-00106708 that the world economy was basically working for the developed countries
OHDBDkVCwvu-00192-00106718-00107380 and perhaps for India and China but for most of Latin America and most of Africa we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00193-00107390-00107947 were not seeing economic growth. Since 2000 we've seen a remarkable
OHDBDkVCwvu-00194-00107954-00108338 change. We've seen a global dynamic that has
OHDBDkVCwvu-00195-00108396-00108977 spread growth and prosperity both through the African continent and through Latin
OHDBDkVCwvu-00196-00108983-00109765 America, the Middle East, and elsewhere. So we are living in a changed world
OHDBDkVCwvu-00197-00109775-00110117 and if we ask why there are some external reasons, there's a cumulative effect of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00198-00110130-00110751 the kind of growth that China and India have generated which has been heavily
OHDBDkVCwvu-00199-00110757-00111160 commodity intensive. So I think there's an external dynamic
OHDBDkVCwvu-00200-00111171-00111743 that is helping to spread the economic gains to the rest of the world and there
OHDBDkVCwvu-00201-00111750-00112357 has also been some internal changes. I agree that we downplay the importance
OHDBDkVCwvu-00202-00112367-00112807 of structural adjustments in the so-called Washington Consensus but what's very
OHDBDkVCwvu-00203-00112818-00113324 striking is that because of that growth countries have been able to put themselves
OHDBDkVCwvu-00204-00113333-00113848 in much stronger macroeconomic positions and they've also undertaken a lot of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00205-00113857-00114274 reforms domestically that have put them on a far better path so I would submit that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00206-00114288-00114957 yes, the paradigm of global growth has improved tremendously although there are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00207-00114964-00115208 considerable challenges. Lerato Mbele:  Okay,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00208-00115217-00115447 Minister Nkoana-Mashabane, let's deal with statistics here.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00209-00115457-00116160 Excuse me, let's just deal with statistics here.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00210-00116171-00116870 Trade between South Africa and China is now above $25 billion and the feeling
OHDBDkVCwvu-00211-00116877-00117377 is that it skewed very much in favor of China.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00212-00117388-00117980 If there are benefits to the South-South cooperation, who's really the winner here?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00213-00117990-00118474 The general view is China is the winner, a country like India is the winner,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00214-00118483-00118658 South Africa's still lagging.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00215-00118843-00119115 Maite Nkoana-Mashabane:  Well, well, well, I think we need a workshop before we come
OHDBDkVCwvu-00216-00119121-00119759 to this because the information I have is that in India we are doing far, far much
OHDBDkVCwvu-00217-00119770-00120236 better than the information you have. And the Minister of Commerce of India
OHDBDkVCwvu-00218-00120248-00120391 agrees with me.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00219-00120435-00121207 We are - on China - South Africa is the only African country and largely in many
OHDBDkVCwvu-00220-00121217-00121744 of thee developing south that has -- besides becoming a member of BRICS - that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00221-00121754-00122476 has a bilateral comprehensive strategic partnership treaty with China which also
OHDBDkVCwvu-00222-00122490-00123358 looks at how else can we reverse the trend and make sure that South Africa together
OHDBDkVCwvu-00223-00123364-00124023 with the bigger Africa benefits from this very important relationship.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00224-00124068-00124590 …to what you referred to as philosophy because I refer to that very important
OHDBDkVCwvu-00225-00124597-00125101 history as Minister Anand Sharma had said. South Africa prides itself to have the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00226-00125108-00125744 foundations of a foreign policy on Pan-Africanism and South-South solidarity.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00227-00125780-00126481 So therefore we are having a forum - India-Africa forum - where we discuss this
OHDBDkVCwvu-00228-00126494-00127098 issue, where we should be bringing compatibility because as much as there's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00229-00127107-00127708 history behind our relationship there's also reality that these countries are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00230-00127714-00128291 resources hungry and Africa has a potential to offer this.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00231-00128298-00128936 But also on the African side we are waiting for beneficiation of our minerals
OHDBDkVCwvu-00232-00128944-00129491 so that we don't just extract and export. So that's why in this comprehensive
OHDBDkVCwvu-00233-00129497-00130114 strategic treaty that we signed with China we have a policy of beneficiation t source
OHDBDkVCwvu-00234-00130128-00130580 which China agrees with because that helps them to deal also with environmental
OHDBDkVCwvu-00235-00130586-00131091 concerns. So there's no zero sum gain here,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00236-00131098-00131618 there's a win-win that we are waiting to us incrementally.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00237-00131621-00131803 Lerato Mbele:  Minister Sharma, just your views here.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00238-00131813-00132010 You said no, no, no. Give us the fugures.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00239-00132020-00132457 When we're talking about trade relations, how much is coming into Africa, how much
OHDBDkVCwvu-00240-00132467-00132734 is leaving Africa? Who are the voices -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00241-00132748-00133205 Anand Sharma:  Let me tell you - when it comes to India and Africa or are you
OHDBDkVCwvu-00242-00133218-00133440 asking only about South Africa, you said so.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00243-00133450-00133827 Lerato Mbele: Africa in general. Anand Sharma:  India and South Africa's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00244-00133834-00134765 bilateral trade is close to $10 billion and it is heavily balanced in favor of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00245-00134775-00134870 South Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00246-00134922-00135724 South Africa exports close to 6.5 billion, India's exports are less than 2.5 billion.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00247-00135738-00136108 We are not grudging because what India imports are the commodity that South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00248-00136115-00136504 Africa has. Same in the case of many other African
OHDBDkVCwvu-00249-00136510-00137401 countries when it comes to gas, oil from Nigeria, Sudan so it's not that we are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00250-00137411-00137805 exporting. People must shed the old notions of China
OHDBDkVCwvu-00251-00137815-00138541 and India being merchant countries - we both were, that's a fact of history - 54%
OHDBDkVCwvu-00252-00138554-00139145 of the world GDP was shared between China and India but India was the largest
OHDBDkVCwvu-00253-00139154-00139663 trading country of the world but today India's share in global trade is barely 2%
OHDBDkVCwvu-00254-00139680-00140127 and we are 17% of the world's population. And in the coming years, in your
OHDBDkVCwvu-00255-00140134-00140688 lifetime, hopefully definitely in my lifetime too, of the first five economies
OHDBDkVCwvu-00256-00140701-00141147 of the world three will be from Asia in the order of China, India, and Japan.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00257-00141157-00141778 So these are the realities of the world which we must address that we are at an
OHDBDkVCwvu-00258-00141791-00142148 inflection point of history. These changes will get reflected.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00259-00142161-00142541 And much is talked about the size of South Africa - South Africa's huge.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00260-00142555-00143177 When you look at the size, the depth, the resources also a function of democracy but
OHDBDkVCwvu-00261-00143191-00143755 beyond that what people are forgetting - it's not only the material resources but
OHDBDkVCwvu-00262-00143771-00144197 the human resources. When I was growing up as a student we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00263-00144210-00144674 were told that our population is huge, it is not good, every year India adds
OHDBDkVCwvu-00264-00144690-00145471 Australia. But today 1.2 billion, close to 70% are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00265-00145481-00146090 young, after 20 years or so India's average national age will be 29 years.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00266-00146100-00146467 Same is the case with Africa and South Americas - when they are changing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00267-00146474-00146858 demographies in the world it's the human resources also which matter.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00268-00146868-00147205 And another thing what I would like to quickly add and there will be time to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00269-00147215-00147727 elaborate later, is that our engagement is distinct and different.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00270-00147737-00148204 China's is different from the Chinese perspective, so is Africa as with each one
OHDBDkVCwvu-00271-00148214-00148846 of us. India's growth story is not driven by
OHDBDkVCwvu-00272-00148857-00149388 exports or merchandise trade, it is by domestic demand and domestic consumption,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00273-00149397-00149737 domestic production. But far more important is the dual
OHDBDkVCwvu-00274-00149751-00150205 decades when India has been confronted with monumental developmental challenges.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00275-00150215-00150641 India has been committed sharing its resources, sharing it's technologies,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00276-00150650-00151274 capacity building, education, and there are tens of thousands if not hundreds of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00277-00151281-00151758 thousands of students from Africa who have come and studied in India and even today
OHDBDkVCwvu-00278-00151765-00152237 we have close to 40,000 students. Lerato Mbele:  We'll… models later on.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00279-00152247-00152507 Colin Coleman I want to get the investors' point of view here.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00280-00152517-00153091 Obviously we've seen more FDI coming to Africa that's almost risen by 87% but
OHDBDkVCwvu-00281-00153104-00153997 we're told that when you just look at it broadly, comparatively Africa funds versus
OHDBDkVCwvu-00282-00154004-00154264 Asia funds you can't even begin to compare.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00283-00154271-00154651 For investors looking for yield they're going to Asia, they are not really coming
OHDBDkVCwvu-00284-00154658-00155130 Africa because Africa is just not competitive, because there are political
OHDBDkVCwvu-00285-00155140-00155504 risks, because there's a skills deficit, because, because,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00286-00155510-00156237 because. Colin Coleman:  That statement is frankly either outdated or wrong, take your pick.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00287-00156333-00156730 The reality is investors today are very focused on Africa and I'm not just talking
OHDBDkVCwvu-00288-00156737-00157274 about your exotic emerging market funds. All the institutional mainstream
OHDBDkVCwvu-00289-00157281-00157788 investors… how do they play Africa. Now let's just for a moment take a reality
OHDBDkVCwvu-00290-00157798-00158098 check. The reality check is the following: South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00291-00158103-00158573 Africa is the only functioning liquid capital market on the continent so if you
OHDBDkVCwvu-00292-00158587-00159121 want to get liquid exposure, meaning you're buying a security and you can sell
OHDBDkVCwvu-00293-00159134-00159638 a security with relative ease, at a fair price, and know what you're getting
OHDBDkVCwvu-00294-00159648-00159927 and know you can trade. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange is your
OHDBDkVCwvu-00295-00159937-00160244 most likely place to do it. So the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is
OHDBDkVCwvu-00296-00160251-00160788 a $740 billion market cap comparable with Russia, not as big as some of the other
OHDBDkVCwvu-00297-00160794-00161276 BRICS but a very sizeable and highly functional capital market.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00298-00161287-00161757 Unfortunately other countries within Africa do not have that functioning
OHDBDkVCwvu-00299-00161767-00162031 exchange. So Nigeria's the next largest with
OHDBDkVCwvu-00300-00162041-00162780 approximately $50 billion market ca which is one0tenth the size of the Johannesburg
OHDBDkVCwvu-00301-00162790-00163374 Stock Exchange and then Angola and Kenya are hoping to grow in stock exchanges.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00302-00163407-00163891 But in effect one of the problems for the investor community is how to play the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00303-00163901-00164275 continent. And many of them play through the South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00304-00164285-00164731 African companies so the shop rights, the picket pays, the Strata Banks, the MTNs -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00305-00164737-00165027 you've done incredibly well. If you look at the MTN growth story
OHDBDkVCwvu-00306-00165037-00165447 around Nigeria and what they've managed to do in a very short space of time is an
OHDBDkVCwvu-00307-00165461-00165930 incredible testament to the investing opportunity that there is.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00308-00165940-00166591 Having said that, I think it's important to note that there are many other ways in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00309-00166604-00167128 which the investors are playing Africa including private equity and there are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00310-00167141-00167600 many funds that have been created - Carlyle for example, one of the largest
OHDBDkVCwvu-00311-00167607-00168054 private equity firms in the word has created an Africa fund and then many other
OHDBDkVCwvu-00312-00168064-00168531 funds that a variety of investors are participating in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00313-00168541-00168748 Lerato Mbele:  I just want to get a quick comment from you, Professor Lawrence.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00314-00168758-00169013 Are you convinced by what's being said here?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00315-00169032-00169427 When investors are looking for yield do they look at Africa as a potential growth
OHDBDkVCwvu-00316-00169437-00169671 market when we're talking about trade?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00317-00169746-00170065 Is the surplus in favor of a country like China?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00318-00170074-00170543 Robert Lawrence:  Well firstly I do think we shouldn't look to narrowly at bilateral
OHDBDkVCwvu-00319-00170553-00171057 trade balances simply because that isn't necessarily an indication of the benefits
OHDBDkVCwvu-00320-00171071-00171375 that we are receiving. But I also think we shouldn't be focusing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00321-00171384-00171838 on the past so much, we should think about the opportunities that this relationship
OHDBDkVCwvu-00322-00171845-00172267 is granting. And one of the dimensions that has been
OHDBDkVCwvu-00323-00172277-00172757 mentioned relates to more value addition in commodities.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00324-00172767-00173311 And certainly where this makes sense I think it is appropriate but I think we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00325-00173321-00173767 need to think much bigger than that because I also think that ultimately to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00326-00173777-00174254 really deliver which was the focus of this session, to deliver to people on the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00327-00174267-00174741 ground we have to have more job creation. And beneficiation in large capital
OHDBDkVCwvu-00328-00174751-00175467 intensive, power intensive refineries will not do it for job creation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00329-00175477-00175831 Job creation will come from manufacturing opportunities.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00330-00175841-00176251 So the real challenge that I think Africa faces and investors coming to Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00331-00176261-00176797 is not just to have a commodities play but to think about the manufacturing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00332-00176807-00177327 opportunities that are created as we see structural changes occur in China and the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00333-00177337-00177908 global supply chains start to move, the opportunity is for Africa to restructure
OHDBDkVCwvu-00334-00177918-00178307 itself in order to take advantage of that potential.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00335-00178317-00178771 So I would prefer that rather than look at the past and even the present, we start to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00336-00178780-00179157 focus more on the opportunities in the future because ultimately that's what
OHDBDkVCwvu-00337-00179168-00179432 BRICS is about. We can get into debates about
OHDBDkVCwvu-00338-00179444-00179963 classification, it doesn't matter really who gets into the group, what matters
OHDBDkVCwvu-00339-00179983-00180347 is what they do once they're in the group. Lerato Mbele:  Okay, thanks so much for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00340-00180364-00180544 that. We're going to take a short ad break here
OHDBDkVCwvu-00341-00180561-00180885 on CNBC Africa. We're debating - and I underscore debating
OHDBDkVCwvu-00342-00180894-00181311 - South-South relation, the idea of building greater relationships between
OHDBDkVCwvu-00343-00181325-00181781 emerging market economies as you well know so that Africa's now a bona fide member of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00344-00181790-00182164 the elite club Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00345-00182174-00182624 Many have questioned South Africa's status and whether or nor Africa as a continent
OHDBDkVCwvu-00346-00182638-00182980 is in a position to compete. We've heard about partnerships but it's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00347-00182990-00183294 also competition and we'll interrogate some of those issues after the break so
OHDBDkVCwvu-00348-00183300-00183407 stay with s.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00349-00184006-00184530 Okay, how are you feeling?  Am I a devil?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00350-00197609-00197851 Welcome back. You're watching a special broadcast on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00351-00197861-00198291 CNBC Africa, we're at the World Economic Forum for Africa year 2011 and we're
OHDBDkVCwvu-00352-00198305-00198977 talking about the shifts in geopolitical economic relations globally, the rise of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00353-00198984-00199494 the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and now South Africa building and fostering
OHDBDkVCwvu-00354-00199504-00199934 South-South relations -- the tangible trade, economic and human development
OHDBDkVCwvu-00355-00199945-00200264 benefits. Before the break we were getting into
OHDBDkVCwvu-00356-00200274-00200734 a bit of a heated debate as to dealing with the past and China being the bogeyman
OHDBDkVCwvu-00357-00200744-00201198 and who benefits and who doesn't. We're being urged to look at the future
OHDBDkVCwvu-00358-00201208-00201584 and what the gains will be. I still want to continue being a little
OHDBDkVCwvu-00359-00201593-00202164 bit of a devil's advocate and our panel today - Robert Lawrence who's the Albert
OHDBDkVCwvu-00360-00202171-00202541 L. Williams Professor for Trade and Investment at Harvard Kennedy School; also
OHDBDkVCwvu-00361-00202548-00202955 Obiageli Ezekwesili who's the Vice-President for Africa at the World
OHDBDkVCwvu-00362-00202968-00203344 Bank; Colin Coleman is a partner and Managing Director, Goldman Sachs here in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00363-00203350-00203854 Africa; we also have the Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane who is the Minister of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00364-00203864-00204244 International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa; and also Minister Anand
OHDBDkVCwvu-00365-00204251-00204863 Sharma, Minister of Commerce and Industry in India; Ambassador Liu Guijin is also
OHDBDkVCwvu-00366-00204873-00205221 a Special Representative for African Affairs and the Minister of Foreign Affairs,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00367-00205234-00205473 People's Republic of China and I'd like to start with you,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00368-00205488-00206190 Ambassador. Many people when they look at China's involvement with Africa they get nervous.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00369-00206200-00206811 They say China's just h ere to exploit the mineral resources of Africa,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00370-00206817-00207628 China offers loans and soft loans and very favorable terms for loans in Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00371-00207638-00208073 without considering broader human development issues - basically you're not
OHDBDkVCwvu-00372-00208080-00208390 doing things with a lot of goodwill.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00373-00208436-00209048 Liu Guijin:  Well I think that fear about China is out of proportion and it has no
OHDBDkVCwvu-00374-00209055-00209677 grounds only because China is nota newcomer to Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00375-00209690-00210227 Since the People's Republic of China was founded over 60 years ago we started close
OHDBDkVCwvu-00376-00210238-00210782 relations by supporting African countries in their struggle for independence.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00377-00210794-00211361 And since then so many decades our policy with Africa has been consistent
OHDBDkVCwvu-00378-00211367-00212141 and visionary and strategically based. That is to say that when China helps
OHDBDkVCwvu-00379-00212144-00212741 Africa then we help ourselves. When Africa develops and China benefits
OHDBDkVCwvu-00380-00212746-00213384 from that development, where people only usually mention about what they call to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00381-00213394-00214140 grab resources from Africa but actually resources of energy up to now remain.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00382-00214194-00214469 It's the most advantageous commodity in Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00383-00214481-00215155 I man in order to sustain, to support its development we need to have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00384-00215165-00215961 a comparatively stable supply of energy, of minerals and Africa has been one of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00385-00215967-00216237 destination for those resources.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00386-00216286-00216791 I don't think that is something evil, that is something bad, but what we have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00387-00216798-00217344 been doing with Africa and the structure of China's trade with Africa is no
OHDBDkVCwvu-00388-00217350-00218017 different, no big difference with the structures of the continent trade with all
OHDBDkVCwvu-00389-00218028-00218525 the other developed partners - for instance with the EU, with the US, with
OHDBDkVCwvu-00390-00218538-00218960 a lot of development worlds. It's mainly for them to import minerals
OHDBDkVCwvu-00391-00218973-00219544 or commodities from Africa and export finished goods.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00392-00219554-00219948 I think Africa benefits from the revenues of the minerals.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00393-00219955-00220657 It's the African government who can use the revenues to properly diversify the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00394-00220664-00221141 structure of their economy and we from China do not think that our trade
OHDBDkVCwvu-00395-00221151-00221760 structure with the continent is ideal, is that desirable, but that will take time to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00396-00221769-00222361 change. And just for that China has thought of all
OHDBDkVCwvu-00397-00222367-00222954 those measures which have proven to be successful back at home and we have over
OHDBDkVCwvu-00398-00222965-00223291 six industrialized zones. We call it trade and economic corporation
OHDBDkVCwvu-00399-00223292-00223796 zones. We hope that could serve as a kind of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00400-00223804-00224114 catalyst for the industrialization in Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00401-00224121-00224601 We hope that the industrial zones could help Africa countries in a manufacturing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00402-00224611-00225083 sector and to create more jobs. That is what we are doing.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00403-00225094-00225614 The Essence of China's Africa policy is for mutual benefit, is for win-win
OHDBDkVCwvu-00404-00225623-00226175 arrangement so that's why I fully agree with the remarks of the two ministers with
OHDBDkVCwvu-00405-00226185-00226673 regard to our relations between breaks between China and Africa and the other
OHDBDkVCwvu-00406-00226687-00227051 developing world. Lerato Mbele:  Obi Ezekwesili your views
OHDBDkVCwvu-00407-00227064-00227478 here. I think the World Bank takes a holistic
OHDBDkVCwvu-00408-00227491-00227791 approach when you're in Africa. You are concerned about improving on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00409-00227802-00228044 infrastructure. You're also concerned about improving on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00410-00228054-00228648 the wellbeing of humans on the continent. Do you think these South-South relations
OHDBDkVCwvu-00411-00228657-00229027 are leading to that? Are we bridging those social inequalities
OHDBDkVCwvu-00412-00229038-00229507 the more business we see coming in from Asia and Latin America on the continent?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00413-00229557-00230011 Obiageli Ezekwesili:  I think that this is a work in progress.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00414-00230021-00230821 I think that a sense of the continent in entering with bilateral relationships
OHDBDkVCwvu-00415-00230831-00231469 amongst these countries or in the case of South Africa being a part of a bloc
OHDBDkVCwvu-00416-00231480-00232164 and therefore a position in itself as more or less the representative of Africa in that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00417-00232175-00232687 bloc called the BRICS. In whatever form it is, defining exactly
OHDBDkVCwvu-00418-00232704-00233351 what economic interest you seek to have yourself in that engagement is important.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00419-00233367-00233807 None of these countries are coming without a sense of the economy...
OHDBDkVCwvu-00420-00233817-00234417 I think that the most important thing that African economies need to do more and more
OHDBDkVCwvu-00421-00234427-00235108 is to provide themselves the kind of content and capacity with which they can
OHDBDkVCwvu-00422-00235114-00235700 get the best deals from whomsoever they are engaged in trade discussions.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00423-00235710-00236267 And I think that as more of the countries have embraced the idea on diversified
OHDBDkVCwvu-00424-00236281-00236998 structure of economy would not lead to better improvement and standard of living
OHDBDkVCwvu-00425-00237008-00237403 of the citizens. That's why we're hearing more of them
OHDBDkVCwvu-00426-00237410-00237973 being interested in not just the macro level reforms that you see in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00427-00237984-00238434 improvement in the business environment generally but also looking at sectors like
OHDBDkVCwvu-00428-00238441-00239254 agriculture, looking at the services sector in tourism and real estate and the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00429-00239264-00239661 likes and seeing what window of opportunity they've got in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00430-00239671-00240158 relationship with these countries to deploy technology.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00431-00240167-00240554 I think that technology transfer has to be part of the conversation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00432-00240592-00241208 I think that the whole thing about the rising labor costs in India and in China
OHDBDkVCwvu-00433-00241221-00241688 will ultimately be beneficial to these countries on the continent and they must
OHDBDkVCwvu-00434-00241702-00241954 take advantage of that. Lerato Mbele:  I'm glad you just mentioned
OHDBDkVCwvu-00435-00241963-00242156 that. Professor Lawrence I want your views on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00436-00242167-00242434 this one and me I'll take you back to the past.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00437-00242446-00243214 Inside Africa we've seen an entire industry decimated by Chinese
OHDBDkVCwvu-00438-00243225-00243894 manufacturing and what they call dumping textiles in the western Cape, right here
OHDBDkVCwvu-00439-00243907-00244227 where we're at. So when we say "Let's talk about
OHDBDkVCwvu-00440-00244238-00244505 partnerships. Let's not look at the past.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00441-00244514-00244960 Let's look at this as a fraternity." That's very philosophical, that's very
OHDBDkVCwvu-00442-00244973-00245392 ideological, it does not speak to the bread and butter reality that ultimately
OHDBDkVCwvu-00443-00245407-00246208 we are in competition with the Chinese on labor, on production, on volumes.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00444-00246217-00246757 China's got the critical mass to produce, to produce cheaply, and we can't compete
OHDBDkVCwvu-00445-00246769-00247127 at that level. Robert Lawrence:  Well again I think what
OHDBDkVCwvu-00446-00247141-00247591 you described accurately depicts things that have happened over the last few years
OHDBDkVCwvu-00447-00247601-00247961 but I don't think it's where we're heading.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00448-00247978-00248413 I actually think, as we started to hear reference to, labor costs are rising in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00449-00248427-00249011 China, China is changing its growth strategy to a more consumption led path.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00450-00249023-00249616 And those global supply chains are starting to move out of China and the real
OHDBDkVCwvu-00451-00249627-00250001 question is "Where will those supply chains move to?:"
OHDBDkVCwvu-00452-00250014-00250484 Can Africa position itself to acquire some of those supply chains.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00453-00250491-00250931 So I would like to see our relationship with China and I was delighted to hear the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00454-00250938-00251427 reference to the industrial zone strategy. I believe what we need in South Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00455-00251434-00251978 and in other African countries are the creation of working together with our BRIC
OHDBDkVCwvu-00456-00251984-00252494 partners, industrial zones which will bring their know how in global supply
OHDBDkVCwvu-00457-00252505-00253101 chains to Africa in order to supply their growing consumer markets.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00458-00253110-00253967 So again, it may well take us buying fabric from China but we need to assemble,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00459-00253975-00254514 start by assembling the clothes to sell to them in order to get the scale to restore
OHDBDkVCwvu-00460-00254519-00254877 our fabric industry. So have been living in the past and we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00461-00254891-00255291 need to think about where is the global economy going and is Africa and South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00462-00255301-00255691 Africa going to be positioned to take advantage of those opportunities.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00463-00255728-00255933 Lerato Mbele:  Colin wants to say something and then Obi.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00464-00255946-00256154 Shall we start with Colin? Colin Coleman:  I just wanted to say I
OHDBDkVCwvu-00465-00256164-00256517 think the allegation about China may make good television, may make good headlines
OHDBDkVCwvu-00466-00256527-00256981 but frankly the reality if you travel around the continent, you go to a place
OHDBDkVCwvu-00467-00256988-00257507 like the… and you face a situation where their national budget per annum is $4
OHDBDkVCwvu-00468-00257513-00258007 billion and the Chinese are offering $9 billion taking copper out of the ground
OHDBDkVCwvu-00469-00258014-00258267 and building infrastructure which they otherwise would never get the opportunity
OHDBDkVCwvu-00470-00258278-00258794 to fulfill. That is the reality that China is playing into.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00471-00258867-00259283 And so I think it's a very positive force
OHDBDkVCwvu-00472-00259326-00259741 in many places which otherwise would have no opportunity for development.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00473-00259748-00260315 The question of course is whether that is done in a way in which helps level legacy
OHDBDkVCwvu-00474-00260325-00260761 in those countries that is positive and sustainable and I believe China hears that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00475-00260769-00261227 story, repeating the allegation. He is not necessarily useful,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00476-00261234-00261911 the question is how do we create partnerships across the countries, including South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00477-00261921-00262237 Africa and other countries, the bold capacity to make that a sustainable
OHDBDkVCwvu-00478-00262247-00262481 development process. Lerato Mbele:  Obi Ezekwesili.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00479-00262490-00262664 Obiageli Ezekwesili:  I just wanted to pick up on the matter of trade between
OHDBDkVCwvu-00480-00262677-00263204 Africa and India, China, Brazil. It's important for Africa to actually walk
OHDBDkVCwvu-00481-00263211-00263847 through that same spirit of partnership to discuss the issues of the tariff barriers
OHDBDkVCwvu-00482-00263854-00264398 that their products have in these countries.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00483-00264404-00265060 Take a country like India - tea and coffee still 100% duty - and that essentially
OHDBDkVCwvu-00484-00265067-00266085 will limit the extent of the export from some of these countries to India.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00485-00266094-00266873 Or in the case of Brazil you look at footwear products, that's some 35%.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00486-00266880-00267324 If you look at the rules of origin and you look at the problems of trade
OHDBDkVCwvu-00487-00267331-00267885 facilitation and the disadvantage that Africa has, if you're really discussing -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00488-00267891-00268460 and I was glad to hear your spirit or comradeship in economic matters—it would
OHDBDkVCwvu-00489-00268470-00269084 be good to have Africa sort of have the discussion with these countries in terms
OHDBDkVCwvu-00490-00269094-00269628 of how it conquers some of the tariff barriers that stand in the way of Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00491-00269638-00270234 being able to go beyond being a resource commodity supplier.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00492-00270247-00270427 Lerato Mbele:  Both ministers want to rebut.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00493-00270437-00270520 Minister, you've got something to say
OHDBDkVCwvu-00494-00270596-00270855 about what's just been said about India and some of the barriers?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00495-00270864-00271373 Anand Sharma:  You see people have to realize, with due respect, that developing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00496-00271384-00272051 and emerging countries are also creating linkages and institutional arrangements.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00497-00272064-00272564 When it comes to tariff barriers, I think all our countries have a collective
OHDBDkVCwvu-00498-00272575-00272991 position in the global context to create a multilateral trade regime which
OHDBDkVCwvu-00499-00273000-00273574 is rule-based, which is fair and equitable, and that's where we stand together.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00500-00273584-00273961 I think tea and coffee is a very minor example which you have given because I
OHDBDkVCwvu-00501-00273974-00274830 don't want to get into the commodities by name and the trade figures bilaterally the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00502-00274840-00275394 countries but the fact is that India was one of the first countries which took the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00503-00275404-00275814 initiative not forgetting that we are 1.2 billion.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00504-00275825-00275895 We are not a rich country.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00505-00275958-00276467 Six hundred million live in villages, 400 million are poor.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00506-00276477-00276764 There are more poor people and more hungry people there.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00507-00276774-00277411 At the same time look at what India is doing - we have duty free tariff
OHDBDkVCwvu-00508-00277421-00278190 preference for all the LDCs, 33 of them are in Sub-Saharan Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00509-00278201-00278755 You have Pan-African eNetwork project where a true Indian satellite systems have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00510-00278761-00279427 assisted Sub-Saharan Africa to bridge the digital divide.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00511-00279449-00279788 It's a major leap in education telemedicine.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00512-00279798-00280158 The universities in Africa stand linked with the universities in India.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00513-00280168-00280495 I'm not completed - Lerato Mbele: Please, Minister, we need
OHDBDkVCwvu-00514-00280505-00280780 to get other views. Anand Sharma:  They also have hospitals in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00515-00280794-00281495 Africa linked with specialty hospitals in India and the entire projects are a gift
OHDBDkVCwvu-00516-00281504-00282120 of the republic and the people of India. So let's not forget what we are engaged in.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00517-00282155-00282540 Only tea and coffee should not be used as an example but you must look at the larger
OHDBDkVCwvu-00518-00282550-00282814 picture and that's what I said with all due respect.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00519-00282824-00283318 Lerato Mbele:  Minister Nkoana-Mashabane. Maite Nkoana-Mashabane:   Don't get my
OHDBDkVCwvu-00520-00283325-00283415 brother agitated.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00521-00283712-00284181 India gave us a lawyer at the time when we were fighting for freedom.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00522-00284194-00284698 We sent back to India a very, very important export - a Mahatma,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00523-00284708-00284902 the liberator of India.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00524-00284973-00285864 I want to pick on the point of Lawrence and also of Colin that times are indeed
OHDBDkVCwvu-00525-00285877-00286728 changing and that there is a future out there for Africans and that Africa is now
OHDBDkVCwvu-00526-00286738-00287417 part of globality and we are no longer the Dark Continent that has been forgotten.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00527-00287431-00287981 We have become the third fastest growing region in the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00528-00287995-00288571 What do we need to do ourselves as Africans supported by our partners in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00529-00288577-00288924 BRICS, not only South Africa but broadly Africa?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00530-00288934-00289451 We need to look at the opportunity that we are.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00531-00289464-00289906 We need to start - and we are doing that - aggressively building on our
OHDBDkVCwvu-00532-00289917-00290588 infrastructure so that we can accelerate intra-trade.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00533-00290604-00291028 Africa is an opportunity for itself for the one billion people that live in this
OHDBDkVCwvu-00534-00291034-00291586 continent so that we can stop complaining about what others are not doing for us.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00535-00291590-00292221 Talking about dumping about textile products - China has become the textile
OHDBDkVCwvu-00536-00292228-00292608 factory of the world, they sell to America.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00537-00292614-00292908 If you talk to President Obama today you'll hear the same kind of complaint
OHDBDkVCwvu-00538-00292921-00293607 about how textile products are all over in America.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00539-00293646-00294285 To round up my point, Lerato, we are welcoming this new excitement of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00540-00294295-00294901 investment in Africa into our infrastructure so that we can turn around
OHDBDkVCwvu-00541-00294907-00295364 this opportunity that has been a challenge of inter-trade between Africans which at
OHDBDkVCwvu-00542-00295374-00295971 the moment is still at 10%. We also want to say that BRICS is an
OHDBDkVCwvu-00543-00295982-00296501 opportunity because what it brings with it is that we've been told in the past,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00544-00296517-00297234 as Lawrence had said, that governments must have nothing to do with business but we've
OHDBDkVCwvu-00545-00297248-00297820 seen with all the BRIC countries in the past that partnership between government
OHDBDkVCwvu-00546-00297834-00298184 and business has brought this phenomenal growth that we see.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00547-00298194-00298641 South Africa has been confirmed by our policies of building a developmental state
OHDBDkVCwvu-00548-00298651-00299035 working with partnership with our partners in BRICS.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00549-00299045-00299234 Lerato Mbele:  Let's be solution-oriented now.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00550-00299243-00299413 Colin Coleman, two questions I'm going to ask you.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00551-00299424-00299621 I'll start with the first. If we're going to turn things around,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00552-00299630-00300097 as the Minister is suggesting, then South Africa has to develop its industrial base
OHDBDkVCwvu-00553-00300111-00300465 -- and not just South Africa, Africa indeed - we have to develop a competitive
OHDBDkVCwvu-00554-00300475-00300974 advantage in manufacturing because that's what the Asians are able to offer the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00555-00300984-00301441 world that is not what we're able to offer the world at this juncture.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00556-00301451-00302005 What can be done to support it? Colin Coleman:  I think that to address
OHDBDkVCwvu-00557-00302015-00302577 a slightly but related point, I mean what we're seeing is there's a major
OHDBDkVCwvu-00558-00302587-00302874 reorientation of corporate to corporate behavior and that corporate to corporate
OHDBDkVCwvu-00559-00302884-00303301 behavior in essence is a combination of the indigenous growth of all these African
OHDBDkVCwvu-00560-00303311-00303810 economies and the support being provided by the South African companies,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00561-00303820-00304361 Indian companies for example… buying zone, establishing their headquarters in Kenya,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00562-00304367-00304888 the Chinese active all around the continent, very active in oil, very active
OHDBDkVCwvu-00563-00304898-00305537 such as for example ICBC buying into Standard Bank, discovery forming the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00564-00305559-00305914 relationship with Ping-An of China on that joint venture which is extremely exciting
OHDBDkVCwvu-00565-00305924-00306304 that we were involved with, the Brazilians being very active in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00566-00306318-00306762 Portuguese-speaking countries. You have a co-incidence of activities
OHDBDkVCwvu-00567-00306768-00307297 which I think in combination is going to provide a very exciting support to the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00568-00307307-00307654 momentum. There really is a fresh breeze blowing in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00569-00307661-00308165 Africa and it's a combination of indigenous and supportive activities
OHDBDkVCwvu-00570-00308175-00308385 coming in. Lerato Mbele:  Ambassador Liu, what
OHDBDkVCwvu-00571-00308395-00308891 is China doing going forward to support Africans developing very sound
OHDBDkVCwvu-00572-00308897-00309407 manufacturing industries? You've got the expertise, how are you
OHDBDkVCwvu-00573-00309418-00309818 helping us with the technological transfer, the skills transfer?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00574-00309828-00310217 Lui Guijin:  I just mentioned the industrial part.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00575-00310224-00310698 This is one of the innovative ideas from the Chinese government and they are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00576-00310704-00310968 currently being built, some of them have finished.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00577-00310974-00311498 In addition to that, we did a framework of… as China-Africa Corporation Forum that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00578-00311505-00312231 we have a number of concrete measures to support the manufacturing sectors.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00579-00312237-00312614 For instance, two years ago on San Sai during the Third Ministerial Conference
OHDBDkVCwvu-00580-00312624-00313490 our government announced a fund which is $1 billion to support SMEs, small
OHDBDkVCwvu-00581-00313497-00314067 and medium sized industries - this is one. And number two is that the Chinese
OHDBDkVCwvu-00582-00314078-00314747 encourages Chinese business people to come to invest in Africa in the manufacturing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00583-00314753-00314997 sector. For instance here in South Africa the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00584-00315010-00315377 investment from China is roughly $1 billion.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00585-00315384-00315938 It's not only the mineral sector, it's also your manufacturing sectors and as the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00586-00315945-00316474 main factory which is quite big is going to be here and also some areas.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00587-00316480-00317287 And also the Chinese side encourages the Chinese companies to work hand in hand
OHDBDkVCwvu-00588-00317298-00317738 with the African companies to come into joint ventures.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00589-00317745-00318351 I think all these areas are to support the manufacturing sector and also we open
OHDBDkVCwvu-00590-00318361-00318928 our markets wider to the commodities and products of the African countries,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00591-00318934-00319406 particularly least developed African countries, virtually almost all of their
OHDBDkVCwvu-00592-00319417-00319974 products are enjoying tariff-free treatment by the Chinese customs.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00593-00320026-00320294 Lerato Mbele:  Minister Sharma I'm going to agitate you more so I'll apologize in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00594-00320304-00320427 advance.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00595-00320780-00321207 We know that India's been very active particularly in secondary and tertiary
OHDBDkVCwvu-00596-00321217-00321938 industries - manufacturing, ICT, media, communications, those kinds of things.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00597-00321948-00322574 But where there is a concern is in agriculture because India's quite active
OHDBDkVCwvu-00598-00322580-00322984 in having an agricultural economy, Africa has that as its comparative advantage for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00599-00322994-00323448 most countries, the Doha Round of trade talks almost stalled on the issue of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00600-00323454-00323891 subsidies for agriculture in Europe and America and there's a lot of concern about
OHDBDkVCwvu-00601-00323905-00324397 whether or not we can partner on issues of food security as India and Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00602-00324407-00324597 Solution?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00603-00324662-00325057 Anand Sharma:  But India and Africa have been working together for decades for food
OHDBDkVCwvu-00604-00325064-00325643 security and agriculture. There are very many projects in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00605-00325654-00326138 agriculture -- agriculture research, crop diversification, irrigation projects -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00606-00326151-00326855 where India has been through existence in lines of credit program doing work in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00607-00326861-00327213 Africa. Many of the Indian corporate are present
OHDBDkVCwvu-00608-00327220-00327584 in the field of agriculture, there are institutional linkages, and the first
OHDBDkVCwvu-00609-00327590-00328224 India-Africa Forum Summit in April 2008 in addition to Dublin, the then existing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00610-00328234-00328997 scholarships in various professional fields India created an additional stream
OHDBDkVCwvu-00611-00329004-00329708 of fellowship scholarships only for agriculture and they run into hundreds in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00612-00329714-00330163 Africa. It is true that food security is a major
OHDBDkVCwvu-00613-00330173-00330403 challenge; it's going to be there in the next few years.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00614-00330414-00330854 Today the world is confronted with the same challenge we were in 2008,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00615-00330864-00331288 food inventories are low, as low as in the ‘60s, food inflation is threatening food
OHDBDkVCwvu-00616-00331298-00331987 security, Over a billion people today do not have adequate food, they go hungry to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00617-00331997-00332467 bed, malnutrition in Africa, Asia, South America as in many countries.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00618-00332481-00332898 These are challenges so we need to work closely together.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00619-00332908-00333420 We are self-sufficient in food but we also get something from Africa when it
OHDBDkVCwvu-00620-00333434-00333864 comes to policies because policies will eat a lot but we don't have enough.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00621-00333871-00334418 Therefore I feel that Africa has the potential if some of the issues,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00622-00334428-00334880 particularly of transfer of technologies, issues of climate change get addressed
OHDBDkVCwvu-00623-00334887-00335047 because there's decertification,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00624-00335199-00335991 there's 50% to 60% shortfall in the waters which Africa uses to have to irrigate, all the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00625-00336004-00336643 major sources are getting depleted, it's all rain-fed agriculture because of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00626-00336690-00336864 changing climate patterns is getting affected.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00627-00336874-00337341 So Africa and us and for that matter the countries of the world need to work
OHDBDkVCwvu-00628-00337348-00337868 closely together to ensure food security and connected with that is the energy
OHDBDkVCwvu-00629-00337878-00338203 security. There are larger issues when we look at
OHDBDkVCwvu-00630-00338210-00338660 the millennium developmental goals because as I said the countries of the south,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00631-00338667-00338967 we are still developing countries. China may be the largest exporting
OHDBDkVCwvu-00632-00338974-00339431 and manufacturing country today but China also has issues of inclusive growth
OHDBDkVCwvu-00633-00339438-00339894 and sustainable development and that's why our working together should not be seen as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00634-00339900-00340374 a challenge to anyone, as a competition with anyone.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00635-00340378-00340785 We may have bilateral issues which are complex but at the same time we feel the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00636-00340795-00341324 world is big enough to accommodate the rise and aspirations of all of us and that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00637-00341334-00341741 should be respectfully acknowledges because it is the rebalancing of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00638-00341751-00342268 global economic order which would only ensure that it is equitable and inclusive.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00639-00342285-00342594 Lerato Mbele: Okay. Obi Ezekwesili, let's change track
OHDBDkVCwvu-00640-00342603-00343230 a little bit and let's talk about how the emergence or the rise of the emerging
OHDBDkVCwvu-00641-00343241-00343795 market economies is going to change broader issues of global cooperation
OHDBDkVCwvu-00642-00343808-00344157 and multilateralism. South Africa is also a member of the G20
OHDBDkVCwvu-00643-00344167-00344624 on its own merit and we know the G20 is being very active in trying to find
OHDBDkVCwvu-00644-00344630-00345104 solutions post the credit crisis and recession and there's lot of talk about
OHDBDkVCwvu-00645-00345114-00345431 a lot of things that need to happen, one of the most important being a reform of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00646-00345441-00346003 IMF for instance and then of course the reforms of the Security Council and it's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00647-00346007-00346558 believed that the BRICS will set the tone for those reforms.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00648-00346619-00346934 Obiageli Ezekwesili:  Well I think that those reforms have essentially started.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00649-00346941-00347797 At the World Bank we now have a third tier from Africa and the member of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00650-00347807-00348331 board that represents that third tier is a South African.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00651-00348334-00348800 She used to be your Deputy Governor for your Reserve Bank and that constituency
OHDBDkVCwvu-00652-00348807-00349571 was a demonstration of the fact that the world is listening to that need to enlarge
OHDBDkVCwvu-00653-00349581-00350390 the space for the participation of a billion people that haven't had the sense
OHDBDkVCwvu-00654-00350400-00350854 that they had enough voice in global governance.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00655-00350861-00351699 The same sentiment is expressed concerning the UN and that's working its way through.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00656-00351708-00352170 Over the end of the street where we are there is the IMF and they also have been
OHDBDkVCwvu-00657-00352177-00352587 walking through their own governance to admit more voice.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00658-00352597-00353121 And I think that the advantage that Africa is that we are embracing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00659-00353128-00353674 a multipolar world and Africa is growing exactly at that time.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00660-00353684-00354204 And because it is growing at this time its economic significance needs to be
OHDBDkVCwvu-00661-00354211-00355134 recognized and it needs to be able to actually project itself as that place that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00662-00355165-00355737 will offer the world the opportunity that would have saturated in some other
OHDBDkVCwvu-00663-00355751-00356151 environments at some point Lerato Mbele:  Professor Lawrence,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00664-00356164-00356468 your views on this one. How has the BRICS changed the dynamics
OHDBDkVCwvu-00665-00356482-00356978 for instance in the stalled talks of the WTO currently, issues around reforming the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00666-00356990-00357387 permanent membership of the Security Council where at least China has
OHDBDkVCwvu-00667-00357398-00357685 membership and then now calls for maybe South Africa maybe India?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00668-00357694-00358210 Robert Lawrence:  Well I would first say that I think there is parity in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00669-00358217-00358681 trading system, that in a sense that's an area where we have seen the governance
OHDBDkVCwvu-00670-00358691-00359388 systems change very dramatically with the developing countries clearly being very
OHDBDkVCwvu-00671-00359398-00359964 strong players. In other areas, the easy part actually
OHDBDkVCwvu-00672-00359974-00360595 is representation; the hard part now comes for vision about what the world should
OHDBDkVCwvu-00673-00360604-00360954 look like. In a sense we had global leadership
OHDBDkVCwvu-00674-00360968-00361477 coming from developed countries, the downside was perhaps many of the things
OHDBDkVCwvu-00675-00361487-00361957 that they wanted to do, but the upside was they could actually get things done.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00676-00361968-00362492 As we move into the multipolar world what we've seen is impasse, impasse in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00677-00362498-00362980 trading system, unable to advance to a multilateral agreement, impasse in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00678-00362990-00363450 climate change agreements. So the real challenge now is for the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00679-00363461-00364031 BRICS to prove that they are able to lead the world and in a sense to play a role in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00680-00364035-00364397 constructing a global system which reflects their vision - so that's to me
OHDBDkVCwvu-00681-00364404-00364901 the great challenge at the global level for the BRICS.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00682-00364934-00365408 Lerato Mbele:  Minister Sharma. Anand Sharma:  Well it's very interesting
OHDBDkVCwvu-00683-00365418-00366020 because what we have heard is a full mindset who's living in the past and who's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00684-00366030-00366344 looking at the future - that's important, Professor, with all respect.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00685-00366354-00366921 The world cannot remain frozen in an order which emerged after the Second World
OHDBDkVCwvu-00686-00366931-00367407 War, it's gone. The political architecture, the economic
OHDBDkVCwvu-00687-00367413-00367960 architecture must reflect the contemplated realities of the world where you have 60%
OHDBDkVCwvu-00688-00367971-00368428 of the global economic output coming out of the developing countries and not having
OHDBDkVCwvu-00689-00368438-00368772 a voice in the global decision making processes.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00690-00368781-00369203 The United Nations is the only body which can take decisions, particularly the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00691-00369210-00369751 Security Council, which impacts the countries of the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00692-00369761-00370497 Over the years the bowels of the General Assembly have been actually expropriated,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00693-00370538-00370993 swallowed into the Security Council system and how can you call it representative
OHDBDkVCwvu-00694-00371004-00371241 and a global order in which the entire
OHDBDkVCwvu-00695-00371279-00371701 continent Africa, the largest democracy that's the Republic of India, entire South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00696-00371708-00372080 America is not represented. We are not going to accept the order.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00697-00372087-00372501 There are decisions that are taken about us without us and that's all what we are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00698-00372507-00372864 saying - please make it representative, please make it democrative.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00699-00372874-00373488 This was said after the collapse of the Berlin wall that we have moved in to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00700-00373495-00374034 unipolar world order. Unipolarity is not something which the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00701-00374040-00374544 present world will have because the world has to be multipolar, Africa is a pole,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00702-00374554-00374988 European Union is a pole, India is one of those poles.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00703-00374998-00375420 America, yes, is the largest economy, the most powerful economy, the military part
OHDBDkVCwvu-00704-00375430-00375944 but that does not mean that China, Russia, and all of us do not have a role to play
OHDBDkVCwvu-00705-00375954-00376248 in the global affairs. Equally our share in the other
OHDBDkVCwvu-00706-00376254-00376766 institutions - we are not a country which are benefitted out of exploitation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00707-00376777-00377234 We are countries historically who have been left behind for reasons which are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00708-00377244-00377601 better known and the great divide, technological divide, which cane which
OHDBDkVCwvu-00709-00377608-00377908 came with the industrial revolution. Today things have changed - we have also
OHDBDkVCwvu-00710-00377918-00378254 accessed technologies and we will access more.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00711-00378263-00378707 Therefore if we are going to contribute to more than two-thirds of the global
OHDBDkVCwvu-00712-00378717-00379141 economic growth -- and that is something which is going to happen - then the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00713-00379151-00379551 Bretton Wood Institutions, IMF and the World Bank, cannot remain the order they
OHDBDkVCwvu-00714-00379558-00379937 are. My question would be still you look at
OHDBDkVCwvu-00715-00379947-00380327 poverty, you look at millennium developmental goals where we are, you look
OHDBDkVCwvu-00716-00380337-00380691 at the climate change negotiations. You referred to climate change - we had
OHDBDkVCwvu-00717-00380698-00381272 an interesting debate today. Now Africa and India put together 2.2
OHDBDkVCwvu-00718-00381282-00381718 billion of the world's population, that's more than one-third, close to 40%;
OHDBDkVCwvu-00719-00381727-00382247 Africa contributes 4% to the greenhouse gas emissions per capita,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00720-00382254-00382614 India contributes 4%. Africa's electricity intensity
OHDBDkVCwvu-00721-00382625-00383071 is one-thirteenth as that of the developed countries so who has created the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00722-00383080-00383400 situation? And those who have created they must be
OHDBDkVCwvu-00723-00383407-00384061 the poor countries, countries like India and China, can innovate, can mitigate,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00724-00384075-00384667 can adapt but the other countries must be assisted and that is all what we are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00725-00384674-00384814 saying. Lerato Mbele:  We need to ask Minister
OHDBDkVCwvu-00726-00384824-00385094 Nkoana-Mashabane for your views very quickly please.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00727-00385101-00385705 Lerato Mbele:  Well very quickly Lerato I want to say to fellow panelists that BRICS
OHDBDkVCwvu-00728-00385715-00386301 has come to confirm that multipolarity is going to be the order of the day
OHDBDkVCwvu-00729-00386310-00386867 and backward we will never go. So therefore we need to reform
OHDBDkVCwvu-00730-00386881-00387597 international institutions to respond to this new reality but also to say that as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00731-00387610-00388147 other panelists have said earlier on BRICS is not here as anti-something, it's here
OHDBDkVCwvu-00732-00388157-00388808 as a bridge between the divide, between the north and south but we are saying it's
OHDBDkVCwvu-00733-00388818-00389180 about time that we open the gates. We cannot continue to have, as Minister
OHDBDkVCwvu-00734-00389187-00389681 Sharma had said, a United Nations Security Council that reflects 1945.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00735-00389687-00390238 Today as we are sitting here, all members of BRICS are in the G20, all members of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00736-00390244-00390796 the BRICS are in the Security Council, albeit many of us for two years and out,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00737-00390807-00391421 but the contribution that we would want to leave and the legacy thereof would want to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00738-00391431-00391761 show that we would want to have been there to continue to make the contribution we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00739-00391771-00392507 are making, including Nigeria. South Africa is hosting UNFCCC 2011,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00740-00392520-00393391 Brazil is hosting Rio Plus 20 2012, India is hosting Biodiversity Summit in 2013 so
OHDBDkVCwvu-00741-00393395-00393757 those are the kinds of contributions that we will make to the world to make it
OHDBDkVCwvu-00742-00393767-00394064 a better place for all of us. Lerato Mbele:  On that point and note I'd
OHDBDkVCwvu-00743-00394070-00394590 like to cross over to Johannesburg CNBC Africa, hand over to you for an ad break.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00744-00394601-00395015 When we come back we're going to open this discussion to our delegates on the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00745-00395021-00395390 floor for them to pose some of their questions to the panelists to raise issues
OHDBDkVCwvu-00746-00395400-00395820 that maybe we've missed out on and to just elevate this conversation further.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00747-00395831-00395938 Over to you.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00748-00400269-00400554 Could I get just by a show of hands an indication of how many people want to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00749-00400561-00400728 raise questions?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00750-00400909-00401234 Okay, can I say all the hands that are up, those are the questions we're asking -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00751-00401245-00401564 the gentleman at the back, in the middle, two, three, four,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00752-00401580-00401937 five. And please just keep your comments brief, might I ask.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00753-00401989-00402645 The microphones in the room are where? Okay, there's one right next to you,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00754-00402654-00403210 the gentleman right next to you, and then here in front as well, and then in the front
OHDBDkVCwvu-00755-00403217-00403757 here as well on this row, and then in the middle, the gentleman right behind you -
OHDBDkVCwvu-00756-00403764-00404325 right behind you is the gentleman behind. We've got the microphone - right there.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00757-00404335-00404495 Follow my fingers, there you go.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00758-00404513-00404923 Okay, please remember to stand up, introduce yourself, make your point.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00759-00404930-00405397 We will start with the gentleman here in front and then the gentleman in the middle
OHDBDkVCwvu-00760-00405408-00405695 and then the back and then we will pass the microphones along that way.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00761-00406232-00406461 Are the microphones on full?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00762-00411316-00411858 Welcome back to the latter part of our South-South Cooperation Debate on the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00763-00411871-00412218 World Economic Forum. We've been deliberating a range of issues
OHDBDkVCwvu-00764-00412225-00412610 from the benefits to the costs of some controversies.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00765-00412617-00412993 Now it's the turn of our audience here to make their view heard.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00766-00413004-00413281 We'll start with the gentleman in front. Male Speaker:  Thank you, good afternoon.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00767-00413291-00413710 My name is Daliv Abadi, I work for Pan-African Bank or Ecobank which operates
OHDBDkVCwvu-00768-00413721-00414089 in 30 African countries, my job is to sell Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00769-00414093-00414528 Just a couple of comments-- well one comment and then a question - a question
OHDBDkVCwvu-00770-00414534-00414984 you had asked initially, I think one of your devil's advocate questions - are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00771-00414991-00415231 investors looking at Africa? I think the simple answer is yes.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00772-00415241-00415710 The point I wanted to make and the question I wanted to make was about 10
OHDBDkVCwvu-00773-00415717-00416177 years ago I went to the Middle East in the vein of this whole South-South link to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00774-00416184-00416468 talk to the people of the Middle East, investors of Middle East about coming to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00775-00416474-00416801 invest in Africa. I didn't get a good answer.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00776-00416810-00417113 Last week I was in the Middle East, the answer was very different.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00777-00417122-00417367 Things have changed. And I personally think that things have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00778-00417374-00417684 changed and we actually have credible examples, it's not just talk, to show to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00779-00417693-00418081 people things have changed. And I personally think that the change
OHDBDkVCwvu-00780-00418088-00418445 has come from two things - the push which has come from some of our countries,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00781-00418451-00418903 Obi was part of some of the push where we actually reform, there was significant
OHDBDkVCwvu-00782-00418910-00419384 reform in some of our countries, and the pull so I'd like to say thank you very
OHDBDkVCwvu-00783-00419391-00419771 much for the pull which is commodity prices Mr. Sharma and Ambassador Guijin.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00784-00419778-00420387 But I think whereas all of this is happening, my question really to Obi
OHDBDkVCwvu-00785-00420393-00421091 and also to Professor Lawrence as well - as we as African countries, are we really
OHDBDkVCwvu-00786-00421101-00421535 focusing on what opportunity this has given us in terms of window of opportunity
OHDBDkVCwvu-00787-00421542-00421977 and the opportunity it gives us to restructure our economies so that in ten
OHDBDkVCwvu-00788-00421984-00422310 years' time when I go to the Middle East I can say Africa is a little bit more than
OHDBDkVCwvu-00789-00422314-00422881 a resource and a billion people consumer story - that's really where my question
OHDBDkVCwvu-00790-00422891-00423176 is - are we really focusing and if we were focusing is everybody enjoying this boom
OHDBDkVCwvu-00791-00423183-00423567 right now and in ten years' time it should be a different thing entirely.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00792-00423587-00423907 Lerato Mbele:  Okay, Obi you first, are we going to see a restructuring of African economies?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00793-00423952-00424493 Obiageli Ezekwesili:  I think that countries - am I on - I think that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00794-00424516-00425000 countries work to the fact the competitiveness is the rule of the game
OHDBDkVCwvu-00795-00425007-00425307 and that they've got to increase productivity.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00796-00425314-00425724 It takes quite a number of things for that to happen and so the whole center of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00797-00425731-00426674 gravity of deeper reforms, structural reforms that change the competitiveness in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00798-00426684-00427231 important sectors. Take a difficult case of Africa energy.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00799-00427238-00428027 Energy is a big barrier to the competitiveness of the continent -- even
OHDBDkVCwvu-00800-00428037-00428708 still a major issue is the relevance of the skills that are available in the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00801-00428714-00428964 continent. If you are going to take advantage of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00802-00428974-00429747 arriving investment, you have to have the critical building blocks that are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00803-00429754-00430208 available. I also think that an important thing that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00804-00430218-00430947 Africa is clearly embracing is that it's looking beyond - it's even looking within
OHDBDkVCwvu-00805-00430957-00431460 and saying "How do we get to that intermediate level of being able to be the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00806-00431471-00432232 suppliers of intermediate possibilities even to our neighbors and use that as
OHDBDkVCwvu-00807-00432238-00432870 a basis to really get into the global level standard that will ultimately enable them
OHDBDkVCwvu-00808-00432880-00433310 to participate in trade beyond Africa and that's key.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00809-00433318-00433508 Lerato Mbele:  Professor Lawrence do you want to add to that?
OHDBDkVCwvu-00810-00433514-00433960 Robert Lawrence:  I think things are slowly happening but what I am concerned
OHDBDkVCwvu-00811-00433968-00434543 about actually is too much emphasis on commodities and beneficiation and too
OHDBDkVCwvu-00812-00434599-00435175 little on Africa's agricultural potential and its manufacturing potential.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00813-00435184-00435616 And so I think there needs to be a balance, I'm not against the first but we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00814-00435627-00435960 need to see a more balanced approach throughout Africa.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00815-00435967-00436534 I agree with this idea that we need to capitalize on where the markets are going
OHDBDkVCwvu-00816-00436543-00436808 to be in the future and in order to exploit those we have to integrate
OHDBDkVCwvu-00817-00436818-00437254 ourselves because separately Africa cannot
OHDBDkVCwvu-00818-00437305-00437864 provide the necessary scale economies but as an integrated entity we can see
OHDBDkVCwvu-00819-00437877-00438121 specialization and there's a lot of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00820-00438168-00438541 complimentarity potentially internally within Africa, between expertise that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00821-00438551-00438910 is in certain parts and labor which is in other parts.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00822-00438920-00439389 So it's exploiting this diverse base in order to manufacture and to sell services
OHDBDkVCwvu-00823-00439401-00439931 and to sell agricultural products as well as commodities that's really the challenge
OHDBDkVCwvu-00824-00439941-00440220 for exploiting the opportunities in the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00825-00440233-00440360 Lerato Mbele:  Okay, the gentleman in the middle.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00826-00440372-00440610 Yes sir. Male Speaker:  I'm Hanan Singh, I'm a film
OHDBDkVCwvu-00827-00440624-00440997 maker. It's always very interesting to come to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00828-00441008-00441512 these sessions and you hear about the commodities, you hear about industry,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00829-00441518-00441900 mining. The creative industries is something that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00830-00441910-00442217 I think as BRICS we need to take more seriously.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00831-00442227-00442908 The UK economy is represented probably at the highest level today after the mining
OHDBDkVCwvu-00832-00442918-00443272 collapse through the creative industries. The Harry Potter films generate billions
OHDBDkVCwvu-00833-00443285-00443560 of dollars, hundreds of billions of dollars.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00834-00443570-00444027 A film like King's Speech cost seven million pounds and gross three hundred
OHDBDkVCwvu-00835-00444037-00444277 million. And we have great artists in the BRIC
OHDBDkVCwvu-00836-00444288-00444447 nations, whether it's painters,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00837-00444483-00445157 film makers, in all of those nations-  China - and I think that there needs to be more
OHDBDkVCwvu-00838-00445167-00445593 attention in these creative industries so I'd love  to hear what the panelists think
OHDBDkVCwvu-00839-00445604-00445741 of that.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00840-00445903-00446437 Lerato Mbele:  You've got Bollywood. Anand Sharma:  Well we've got Bollywood,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00841-00446450-00446987 we've got Tollywood, we have got the Southern Indian films, by far India
OHDBDkVCwvu-00842-00447001-00447752 produces more films maybe than America, Europe put together.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00843-00447764-00448384 Also we are investing in technologies, creating institutions whether for film
OHDBDkVCwvu-00844-00448389-00448904 training but also we are the global leaders in the animation, film animation.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00845-00448914-00449653 And cooperation when it comes to a look at what we have to offer, whether South
OHDBDkVCwvu-00846-00449664-00450158 Africa endowed with not resources but in this case what you have said,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00847-00450167-00451247 enormous natural beauty, Brazil, India, China so for the creative minds and film stars
OHDBDkVCwvu-00848-00451254-00451718 enough locations to shoot and adequate infrastructure being built.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00849-00451757-00452251 Surely in the creative - yes, I think the film industry does get to the creative
OHDBDkVCwvu-00850-00452260-00452717 industries to get the financial support but at the same time giving the example of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00851-00452727-00453124 UK, UK has been a major economic bar and the major manufacturing bar and in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00852-00453130-00453450 financial services they still are very strong but the fact is that manufacturing
OHDBDkVCwvu-00853-00453460-00453960 is on the decline in most of Europe and I agree with Professor Lawrence that no
OHDBDkVCwvu-00854-00453968-00454667 other sector can create jobs to provide work, sustainable employment, to millions
OHDBDkVCwvu-00855-00454677-00455251 and millions of the young sons and daughters of other countries unless
OHDBDkVCwvu-00856-00455258-00455993 and until we will invest more in manufacturing and make people employable by training
OHDBDkVCwvu-00857-00456004-00456493 them in skills in vocation and also in agriculture Africa, i entirely agree,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00858-00456501-00457031 still has the potential as I said to meet the food security challenges of the world.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00859-00457122-00457604 Lerato Mbele:  Okay.  Yes sir. Male Speaker:  My name is James Cameron;
OHDBDkVCwvu-00860-00457617-00457947 I'm the founder on an investment business called Climate Change Capital and the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00861-00457957-00458334 chair of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Climate Change.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00862-00458341-00458847 I'm interested in how this new alliance of interests can play a constructive role in
OHDBDkVCwvu-00863-00458857-00459397 the reforming or f our economic development so that it is cleaner
OHDBDkVCwvu-00864-00459407-00459931 and greener and more resource efficient so that we have sustainable agriculture,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00865-00459938-00460577 we have infrastructure that is low carbon, that we use the technologies that are
OHDBDkVCwvu-00866-00460584-00460847 being developed all around the world including in these countries to build
OHDBDkVCwvu-00867-00460857-00461351 a more resilient economy to the shocks that are likely to come if we leave climate
OHDBDkVCwvu-00868-00461358-00461605 change unabated. So I'm curious to know - I know many of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00869-00461610-00462037 the individual panelists have strong views and insights into this into how this
OHDBDkVCwvu-00870-00462043-00462472 particular alliance of interests can be brought forward to accelerate the global
OHDBDkVCwvu-00871-00462481-00462808 development of a green economy. Lerato Mbele:  Okay.  Minister.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00872-00462826-00463147 Maite Nkoana-Mashabane:  Well thanks very much, Lerato.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00873-00463239-00463877 Let me just say that South Africa will be hosting the UNFCCC's COP 17in Durban by
OHDBDkVCwvu-00874-00463887-00464578 end of this year and I have the honor to share with you that I have been appointed
OHDBDkVCwvu-00875-00464591-00465207 by our president as the chair of that very, very important gathering.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00876-00465217-00465901 And I know for sure that all BRICS countries seated around here and even the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00877-00465908-00466620 other members of the panel are committed to make sure that we work towards the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00878-00466622-00467304 operationalization if not implementation of the outcomes of Mexico but that we will
OHDBDkVCwvu-00879-00467314-00467878 also spend a bit of time to deal with all the unfinished business of Mexico.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00880-00467885-00468239 We are also quite conscious of the fact that we will not finish all the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00881-00468247-00468918 responsibilities, all the items on the agenda but we will make sure that we
OHDBDkVCwvu-00882-00468927-00469621 resolve developed, developing to work together to mitigate against the challenge
OHDBDkVCwvu-00883-00469628-00470010 of climate change. I know for sure that all BRICS countries,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00884-00470017-00470674 as a signed declaration had confirmed, have our own national commitments that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00885-00470684-00471356 we've made to mitigate against this and we've got our own national plans that
OHDBDkVCwvu-00886-00471367-00471627 would contribute. As I've said earlier on we all have
OHDBDkVCwvu-00887-00471637-00472121 responsibilities that will be playing at a global stage from Durban we go to Rio
OHDBDkVCwvu-00888-00472128-00472984 and then we go to Delhi,. So green economy is embedded in all our
OHDBDkVCwvu-00889-00472993-00473497 national economic plans, starting from China up to India, so we will be making
OHDBDkVCwvu-00890-00473504-00473691 contributions.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00891-00473785-00474147 I know for sure that China has become one of the biggest producers of green
OHDBDkVCwvu-00892-00474155-00474767 technology to help mitigate and all of us here on this table are also doing our
OHDBDkVCwvu-00893-00474774-00474991 best. Lerato Mbele:  In 30 seconds, Obi, do you
OHDBDkVCwvu-00894-00475001-00475204 want to add to that? Obiageli Ezekwesili: Oh just simply to
OHDBDkVCwvu-00895-00475214-00475751 say that as far as the matter of adaptation is concerned this is one aspect
OHDBDkVCwvu-00896-00475762-00476204 where the role of South Africa is going to be really important for the rest of Africa
OHDBDkVCwvu-00897-00476214-00476860 because as you know there are important aspects in agriculture that need to get on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00898-00476871-00477347 the agenda on climate change. The water risk issues, the forestry,
OHDBDkVCwvu-00899-00477355-00477984 sustainable management of forestry through the red  -- all the things that have to do
OHDBDkVCwvu-00900-00477991-00478535 with embracing the hydro potentials of the continent and the carbon financing that it
OHDBDkVCwvu-00901-00478541-00479037 would require is simply enormous and the BRICS can be part of that process of the
OHDBDkVCwvu-00902-00479047-00479543 financing issue as well as the technology issue because India for example
OHDBDkVCwvu-00903-00479554-00480147 is beginning to look at the technology issue in a way that is very, very important for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00904-00480154-00480533 its important partners in Africa. Lerato Mbele:  On that wise and optimistic
OHDBDkVCwvu-00905-00480543-00480957 note unfortunately the gatekeepers of CNBC Africa say we have to wrap it.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00906-00480964-00481545 We're feeding into existing programming. So let me say a hearty thanks and with
OHDBDkVCwvu-00907-00481551-00482060 gratitude Professor Robert Lawrence, thank you for your time.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00908-00482070-00482704 He's the Albert L. Williams Professor for Trade and Investment at the Harvard
OHDBDkVCwvu-00909-00482710-00483018 Kennedy School; also to Ambassador Liu Guijin who's the Special Representative on
OHDBDkVCwvu-00910-00483028-00483262 African Affairs from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic
OHDBDkVCwvu-00911-00483268-00483471 of China. Thank you for rolling with the punches
OHDBDkVCwvu-00912-00483478-00483700 here this afternoon. Let me also thank Mrs.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00913-00483710-00484039 Obiageli Ezekwesili who's the Vice President for Africa at the World Bank.
OHDBDkVCwvu-00914-00484050-00484547 Certainly your views on business and very bullish investor sentiment Colin Coleman
OHDBDkVCwvu-00915-00484554-00484918 who's the partner and Managing Director for Goldman Sachs in Africa, thank you for
OHDBDkVCwvu-00916-00484928-00485243 your time. Minister thank you for reminding us of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00917-00485253-00485583 our historical roots where all of those comes from;
OHDBDkVCwvu-00918-00485593-00486014 Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane who's the Minister of International Relations
OHDBDkVCwvu-00919-00486021-00486397 and Cooperation for the Republic of South Africa; all fired up the Minister of
OHDBDkVCwvu-00920-00486410-00486833 Commerce and Industry in India, Anand Sharma, thank you also for setting us
OHDBDkVCwvu-00921-00486843-00487207 straight, thank you. To our audience here thank you for your
OHDBDkVCwvu-00922-00487217-00487604 time and thank you for watching this special broadcast right here on CNBC
OHDBDkVCwvu-00923-00487614-00487934 Africa, we're first in business worldwide.
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ON7v_3BqXEu-00005-00002874-00003336 As we showed it could take months to get an approval on a Las Vegas short sale and even
ON7v_3BqXEu-00006-00003336-00003946 if they are approved short sales it takes an average of 3.5 months to close them.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00007-00003946-00004558 And in the next video we will show that about 60% of these buyers got less than $10,000
ON7v_3BqXEu-00008-00004558-00004912 in discount for going through the trouble of buying short sales.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00009-00004912-00005489 Then why are Las Vegas home or condo buyers still making offers on short sales?
ON7v_3BqXEu-00010-00005489-00005997 The answer is that currently it is very difficult to find listings in the Las Vegas MLS that
ON7v_3BqXEu-00011-00005997-00006319 are priced close to comparable sold homes.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00012-00006319-00006875 In order to make the point we will show the median asking list price for listing that
ON7v_3BqXEu-00013-00006875-00007478 are not under contract and sales price for non-distressed Greater Las Vegas homes and
ON7v_3BqXEu-00014-00007478-00008050 the median sales price for non-distressed traditional sales, foreclosures and short
ON7v_3BqXEu-00015-00008050-00008150 sales in February 2015.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00016-00008150-00008250 Las Vegas traditional sale homes Las Vegas short sales homes Las Vegas foreclosure homes
ON7v_3BqXEu-00017-00008250-00008350 Las Vegas homes listing in MLS not under contract 6647 881 363
ON7v_3BqXEu-00018-00008350-00008450 Median list price $279,000 $180,000 $188,000 Number of homes sold in February 2015 1586
ON7v_3BqXEu-00019-00008450-00008550 177 196 Median sales price $218,000 $165,000 $159,000
ON7v_3BqXEu-00020-00008550-00008890 Check out the difference between the list prices for non-distressed homes, the difference
ON7v_3BqXEu-00021-00008890-00009496 is $61,000 due to 33 out of 37 months of price appreciation.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00022-00009496-00009971 Some of this price gap could be explained by the fact that the ratio of cheaper homes
ON7v_3BqXEu-00023-00009971-00010521 to more expensive houses that are sold as short sales is much higher than traditional
ON7v_3BqXEu-00024-00010521-00010788 sales that are not under contract.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00025-00010788-00011450 But there is a still a considerable gap between asking and sales prices in all price ranges.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00026-00011450-00012059 In many instances the cheapest listing in a Las Vegas Metro subdivision starts at $15,000
ON7v_3BqXEu-00027-00012059-00012700 to $20,000 higher than most expensive, comparable sold homes even though these listings may
ON7v_3BqXEu-00028-00012700-00013022 not be as upgraded as sold comps.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00029-00013022-00013294 You can see an example here.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00030-00013294-00013858 Admittedly, this is an extreme example; but as you can see the highest sales price is
ON7v_3BqXEu-00031-00013858-00014363 $40,000 less than the lowest asking list price.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00032-00014363-00014995 However the price gap for short sales homes asking list price and sales price is $15,000.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00033-00014995-00015686 The gap is $29,000 for Las Vegas foreclosure listings which would have been much less except
ON7v_3BqXEu-00034-00015686-00016181 that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac who dominate foreclosure listings initially price their
ON7v_3BqXEu-00035-00016181-00016483 listings at far above current market value.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00036-00016483-00017033 This is the main reason that Las Vegas homes, condos and high rise buyers make offers on
ON7v_3BqXEu-00037-00017033-00017683 short sales, wait for months and close the deal while they did not save much from comparable
ON7v_3BqXEu-00038-00017683-00017856 sold homes.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00039-00017856-00018323 In the next video we will discuss how much did these buyers really save by buying a Las
ON7v_3BqXEu-00040-00018323-00018556 Vegas short sale?
ON7v_3BqXEu-00041-00018556-00019081 If you want to buy or invest in Las Vegas, Henderson or North Las Vegas short sale homes,
ON7v_3BqXEu-00042-00019081-00019947 condos or high-rise condominium in the immediate future, please call us at 800-762-4917.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00043-00019947-00020470 Please like and share if you find this information useful and subscribe to our real estate channel
ON7v_3BqXEu-00044-00020470-00020654 for upcoming videos.
ON7v_3BqXEu-00045-00020654-00021351 This is Karen Saberzadeh of Realty One Group and www.lasvegas4us.com wishing you a great
ON7v_3BqXEu-00046-00021351-00021378 day.
ONPAF3-a75o-00000-00000002-00000314 In the times the Bet Hamikdash - the holy temple
ONPAF3-a75o-00001-00000342-00001082 The custom was to gather from each Jew Machatsit Hashekel - Half a silver coin
ONPAF3-a75o-00002-00001120-00001472 and they would use this donation to purchase the sacrifices.
ONPAF3-a75o-00003-00001486-00002082 Our Sages tell us that in this partnership that the Jews had in the sacrifices
ONPAF3-a75o-00004-00002082-00002408 it would bring down a forgiveness of sin for all the Jews,
ONPAF3-a75o-00005-00002434-00003136 since Hashem would consider everyone to have an actual part in bringing sacrifices.
ONPAF3-a75o-00006-00003150-00003884 After the destruction of the second temple, our Sages made a custom in the to gather money month of Adar
ONPAF3-a75o-00007-00003884-00004054 in memory of the Machatsit Hashekel.
ONPAF3-a75o-00008-00004118-00004716 And the Tzadikkim say that by donating in memory of the Machatsit Hashekel
ONPAF3-a75o-00009-00004718-00005208 we, in essence, fulfil the same act of donation that was in the holy temple.
ONPAF3-a75o-00010-00005224-00005760 Just like the donation in the holy temple forgave the sins of the Jews,
ONPAF3-a75o-00011-00005760-00006878 so to the mitzvah of machatsit Hashekel today helps us bring down mercy and forgiveness for our sins.
ONPAF3-a75o-00012-00006930-00008008 The main goal of this donation is to help Torah and charity institutes.
ONPAF3-a75o-00013-00008031-00008418 The more we direct our intention for this cause when giving this donation
ONPAF3-a75o-00014-00008418-00009084 then the more we are able to accomplish the spiritual effect of Machatsit Hashekel.
ONPAF3-a75o-00015-00009108-00009552 Ka'ayal Ta'arog institutes work with great self sacrifice all year long
ONPAF3-a75o-00016-00009578-00009952 with the distribution of Torah and giving charity
ONPAF3-a75o-00017-00009982-00010450 Therefore, anyone who is able to help and donate this donation of Machatsit Hashekel to Ka'ayal Ta'arog
ONPAF3-a75o-00018-00010450-00010958 will be bestowed with blessings and surely sweeten any harsh decree and be forgiven for all their sins!
OpZXyl8yvxQ-00000-00000088-00000680 how can discard changes windows possibly even pop up while i'm on analytics?
OpZXyl8yvxQ-00001-00000680-00001160 it doesn't make any sense, and i think this must not even appear at all
OpZXyl8yvxQ-00002-00001160-00001592 because it can only happen when there are unsafe changes on the details page,
OpZXyl8yvxQ-00003-00001680-00002352 so i don't know how that is even possible. you need to find a reason for this.
OQDeEes6XHA-00000-00000752-00001221 so we have 30 minutes before we've played it to get started I'll go ahead
OQDeEes6XHA-00001-00001221-00001511 and get started because this presentation actually is
OQDeEes6XHA-00002-00001511-00002119 we'll likely go over we'll meet all the times to get so I'll go ahead and get
OQDeEes6XHA-00003-00002119-00002582 started so welcome to the engage session I'm really excited to be here with you
OQDeEes6XHA-00004-00002582-00003005 all in so today yes you're going to be talking about how to say how to teach
OQDeEes6XHA-00005-00003005-00003571 people how to save the world so with that huge lofty goal we're going
OQDeEes6XHA-00006-00003571-00003964 to start really at the foundational level which is how do you engage your
OQDeEes6XHA-00007-00003964-00004582 students or your community your clients the books that you work with people
OQDeEes6XHA-00008-00004582-00005450 right to get involved so to that end I'm going to start with introductions I'm
OQDeEes6XHA-00009-00005450-00005948 just because I'd love to know who's in the room I'll share a little bit about
OQDeEes6XHA-00010-00005948-00006703 my background and then we'll talk about what does it mean to engage people okay
OQDeEes6XHA-00011-00006703-00007214 I'm hoping we'll be able to run through a first amendment simulation and it will
OQDeEes6XHA-00012-00007214-00007636 make sense in a little bit why we're doing First Amendment as opposed to
OQDeEes6XHA-00013-00007636-00008738 other other topics okay okay so you can turn there steer Fonz off or put it on
OQDeEes6XHA-00014-00008738-00009227 silent or vibrate that would be helpful and then you know what happen in a
OQDeEes6XHA-00015-00009227-00009643 custom time reserved for questions and answers but I want this to be a very
OQDeEes6XHA-00016-00009643-00010202 conversational presentation so consider myself more as a facilitator of
OQDeEes6XHA-00017-00010202-00010643 conversation and lessons of press enter right so we'll have time throughout the
OQDeEes6XHA-00018-00010643-00011029 presentation for you guys to give your thoughts give to share your experiences
OQDeEes6XHA-00019-00011029-00011657 and whatnot so first let's start with who you are okay so I'd like to know
OQDeEes6XHA-00020-00011657-00012068 who's in the room so if you could just identify your name what your role is
OQDeEes6XHA-00021-00012068-00012412 here at you may be a little bit about the
OQDeEes6XHA-00023-00016216-00016792 teach communication strategies and there's a lot of advocacy components to
OQDeEes6XHA-00024-00016792-00017278 that and I can just spot like my deep advocates and kind of help them along
OQDeEes6XHA-00025-00017278-00017716 the journey changes that they want to see so that's five to another session
OQDeEes6XHA-00026-00017716-00018334 and then it means to be you know the ability to motivate people interact with
OQDeEes6XHA-00027-00018334-00018705 them to drive
OQDeEes6XHA-00028-00019027-00019823 with Iranians that imitating Spanish so the relation of the student and one
OQDeEes6XHA-00029-00019823-00020560 exactly here because I sincerely they're all filling 19 nations
OQDeEes6XHA-00030-00020560-00021157 government here there and but we'll discuss everything that we discussed in
OQDeEes6XHA-00031-00021157-00021805 class and I see those proving that yes I also asked where when the end when
OQDeEes6XHA-00032-00021805-00022372 someone is making politics by the way you know we see there was smart ideas so
OQDeEes6XHA-00033-00022372-00023059 probably is for me to help them when they are becoming someone to do what
OQDeEes6XHA-00034-00023059-00023526 they do anymore right just doesn't come people conversation to change really
OQDeEes6XHA-00035-00023526-00024280 changes yeah that's great and you know starting right now because exactly we're
OQDeEes6XHA-00036-00024280-00024748 such a globalized world now where we interact with people from all over and
OQDeEes6XHA-00037-00024748-00025189 we share you learn from one another so I think that's fantastic they are here
OQDeEes6XHA-00038-00025189-00025804 thank you Club hi Celeste I am faculty member in
OQDeEes6XHA-00039-00025804-00026488 the Department of all studies so I teach a broad range of students from both
OQDeEes6XHA-00040-00026488-00026956 students who are maybe in our department as well as my class immersion as well I
OQDeEes6XHA-00041-00026956-00027633 also have a first year class which is one of the core classes justice
OQDeEes6XHA-00042-00027633-00028320 I come to pedagogy as an activist and so I often bring that into the classroom
OQDeEes6XHA-00043-00028320-00028960 and so I'm often thinking about how to you know in in health studies and in
OQDeEes6XHA-00044-00028960-00029386 public health we are advocates always so how does that mean to the students to be
OQDeEes6XHA-00045-00029386-00030075 a mindful advocate and to be present not only with the community I'm going to
OQDeEes6XHA-00046-00030075-00031133 come back to a couple of points you're a it's great nice to meet you and
OQDeEes6XHA-00047-00031466-00031979 but what we're trying to do at the library is to have the lycra Simas and
OQDeEes6XHA-00048-00031979-00032450 about how precipitate agent and we have the initiative for National
OQDeEes6XHA-00049-00032450-00033074 Voter Registration day where we brought in students to apply for their passage
OQDeEes6XHA-00050-00033074-00033563 in ballots because say well I'm already registered but if you're not remember
OQDeEes6XHA-00051-00033563-00034180 Sixers so as we're hoping the library can know
OQDeEes6XHA-00052-00034180-00034957 if you see a student we with thousand students
OQDeEes6XHA-00053-00034957-00036067 to get their absentee ballot but that means yeah and I'm so excited that we
OQDeEes6XHA-00054-00036067-00036481 have such a diversity already if people in folks the backgrounds represented I
OQDeEes6XHA-00055-00036481-00036955 think will definitely touch on your work especially as we talk through
OQDeEes6XHA-00056-00036955-00037444 storytelling and the impact that that has in building community and civic
OQDeEes6XHA-00057-00037444-00038151 engagement in our population okay others yes
OQDeEes6XHA-00058-00038151-00038996 Regan and faculties in school I teach
OQDeEes6XHA-00059-00039741-00040500 everybody's large complex system
OQDeEes6XHA-00060-00040519-00040860 I was worked in large systems
OQDeEes6XHA-00061-00040935-00041235 now
OQDeEes6XHA-00062-00041558-00042671 and so my engagement efforts the student population includes having
OQDeEes6XHA-00063-00042671-00042971 comments
OQDeEes6XHA-00064-00043263-00043565 some assignments
OQDeEes6XHA-00065-00044202-00044604 everywhere it's
OQDeEes6XHA-00066-00044638-00045073 some client system work
OQDeEes6XHA-00067-00045502-00046332 person oh great very exciting I'm joking
OQDeEes6XHA-00068-00046512-00048188 and I always to
OQDeEes6XHA-00069-00049634-00050026 yep great
OQDeEes6XHA-00070-00050273-00051213 partner actually we're just setting up that mentorship organization seven so we
OQDeEes6XHA-00071-00051213-00051816 work with students of all ages but are told specifically engaged our high
OQDeEes6XHA-00072-00051816-00052659 school nurse potentially need to push this year to voting age to 16 that is
OQDeEes6XHA-00073-00052659-00053804 still ongoing very excited to the surprise I know this is Wesley College
OQDeEes6XHA-00074-00053804-00054633 student this translates to our yes and I want to share a little bit about my
OQDeEes6XHA-00075-00054633-00055041 background I think this is a perfect place for you to be so hello so don't
OQDeEes6XHA-00076-00055041-00057339 this is applicable to many bunch of you about the options for having community
OQDeEes6XHA-00077-00057339-00057990 based learning classes like joven spoke about but I also teach a course about
OQDeEes6XHA-00078-00057990-00058458 all the Latino community of the DC metropolitan area so the whole fall
OQDeEes6XHA-00079-00058458-00059034 we're following the so called immigration debate and getting students
OQDeEes6XHA-00080-00059034-00059496 engaged and for me it's partly the participation and being part of a
OQDeEes6XHA-00081-00059496-00059895 non-profit and seeing things on the ground it's also trying to understand
OQDeEes6XHA-00082-00059895-00060541 like students need to read the new right you can't be informed unless you
OQDeEes6XHA-00083-00060541-00061029 are also following what you know other all the stuff that was going on Caravan
OQDeEes6XHA-00084-00061029-00061408 equipment are so president and all that yeah so to me like this is so relevant
OQDeEes6XHA-00085-00061408-00061804 because even have some people who have that as like a passion yeah so they're
OQDeEes6XHA-00086-00061804-00062355 going to jump in and other people you know are kind of watching it happen but
OQDeEes6XHA-00087-00062355-00062821 the main gauge min is like it's so much like like you said so less like I'm also
OQDeEes6XHA-00088-00062821-00063745 have an activist background yeah so I'm going to cut look back to my kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00089-00063745-00064291 stuff identified activists in the room to kind of ask you all why you know what
OQDeEes6XHA-00090-00064291-00064758 what did you start from and then in terms of your engagement and different
OQDeEes6XHA-00091-00064758-00065279 kind of movements all right
OQDeEes6XHA-00092-00065630-00066620 a student in the communications urban film I guess not interacting with a lot
OQDeEes6XHA-00093-00066620-00067010 of students besides like my fellow students and except I have been teaching
OQDeEes6XHA-00094-00067010-00068011 Yoga detention center to unaccompanied minors from England so that's that has
OQDeEes6XHA-00095-00068035-00068783 and for me engaged that I think about like using film as a way to open
OQDeEes6XHA-00096-00068783-00069299 people's eyes connect people show the human impact of different issues of
OQDeEes6XHA-00097-00069299-00069824 stats and I think engagement just means having a personal relationship want to
OQDeEes6XHA-00098-00069824-00070360 top it yeah beautifully said
OQDeEes6XHA-00099-00070420-00070972 my name is Amin but in future economic support that's mostly macroeconomy and
OQDeEes6XHA-00100-00070972-00071482 devotion comics are my student my population of wisdom is usually
OQDeEes6XHA-00101-00071482-00071912 undergrads and graduate students as well so all the
OQDeEes6XHA-00102-00071912-00072663 education and background so engage for me really means also be able to
OQDeEes6XHA-00103-00072663-00073060 translate those economy reasoning mass into
OQDeEes6XHA-00104-00073060-00073810 policies and also highlights and raise awareness about some issues that our
OQDeEes6XHA-00105-00073810-00074451 politicians are talking about speaking and people thinking that they are trying
OQDeEes6XHA-00106-00074451-00074952 to promote their object is minimum wage laws with unionization not with create
OQDeEes6XHA-00107-00074952-00075489 Wars and so for the PRC madness and try to basically dismantle those policies
OQDeEes6XHA-00108-00075489-00075835 and sees as is actually helping the economy and the people who are supposed
OQDeEes6XHA-00109-00075835-00076330 to help with it actually were the special interest of a certain group of
OQDeEes6XHA-00110-00076330-00076987 people that was policies of a forward with the name of helping the Main Street
OQDeEes6XHA-00111-00076987-00077869 base as you see China American manufacturing or you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00112-00077869-00078494 the blue color Sigma pretty common see what it has actually hurt this morning
OQDeEes6XHA-00113-00078494-00078988 so those are additionally truth I try to discuss in class with the student
OQDeEes6XHA-00114-00078988-00079570 centric reason I'm in support as you're talking I'm trying to think if it's you
OQDeEes6XHA-00115-00079570-00079913 know it may be on the same level or maybe a little bit more difficult as
OQDeEes6XHA-00116-00079913-00080344 coming from economics to kind of get your students and get people to see the
OQDeEes6XHA-00117-00080344-00080873 practical kind of implications of different economic policies so I think
OQDeEes6XHA-00118-00080873-00081305 you know we'll definitely have things for you to take away from our session
OQDeEes6XHA-00119-00081305-00082363 today would be my wife's grandmother she's in the past over the Mexican and
OQDeEes6XHA-00120-00082363-00083012 so we were at Christmas Eve and that was the time that the ice they've done 1600
OQDeEes6XHA-00121-00083012-00083620 basically immigrants in the shelter's but in this week's Paso with no shelter
OQDeEes6XHA-00122-00083620-00084062 nothing and you know when I come back I started
OQDeEes6XHA-00123-00084062-00084526 the help us a newspaper but I was looking at another
OQDeEes6XHA-00124-00084526-00085441 the bigger ones yeah exactly 16:20 people we were just overnight they
OQDeEes6XHA-00125-00085441-00085942 busted into a parcel from the shelters and the argument was that there wasn't
OQDeEes6XHA-00126-00085942-00086476 enough judges to cases so they were shelter for two months and they were
OQDeEes6XHA-00127-00086476-00086992 running out of funds so we never giving of them and they come up with this which
OQDeEes6XHA-00128-00086992-00087700 was posting to the city and this so at that point it becomes how do we how do
OQDeEes6XHA-00129-00087700-00088026 you communicate that to others how to share that after me how do you engage
OQDeEes6XHA-00130-00088026-00088504 you know you're maybe your peer groups or people in the back community as well
OQDeEes6XHA-00131-00088504-00088952 yeah I think I think we're United
OQDeEes6XHA-00132-00088984-00089719 a play and I stopped member and a linear relation so I an opportunity to work on
OQDeEes6XHA-00133-00089719-00090244 the student side of expertise for our students and then kind of play
OQDeEes6XHA-00134-00090244-00090630 matchmaker between our students
OQDeEes6XHA-00135-00091581-00092092 and for me engaged I was thinking caterers think about
OQDeEes6XHA-00136-00092092-00092707 mindfulness just being human taking advantage of my situation it should be
OQDeEes6XHA-00137-00092707-00093228 now and just - conference for me in a session to hear
OQDeEes6XHA-00138-00093228-00093549 how you guys are on gauging your students in each day passes that I can
OQDeEes6XHA-00139-00093549-00094062 support that and that's that we're doing on campus and I have understanding you
OQDeEes6XHA-00140-00094062-00094298 know when they're going to apply to get pretty
OQDeEes6XHA-00141-00094298-00094906 for me right like where are they coming from for the experiences that they just
OQDeEes6XHA-00142-00095542-00096038 I'm at this little medical service and every closely with the graphic programs
OQDeEes6XHA-00143-00096038-00096335 and the dirt through experiential learning there so we work at
OQDeEes6XHA-00144-00096335-00096857 particularly with a lot of client focused projects and we're going to do a
OQDeEes6XHA-00145-00096857-00097253 lot of these set up alone as a client sound because they might program and now
OQDeEes6XHA-00146-00097253-00097676 there's a department or something outside of a freshman class that I know
OQDeEes6XHA-00147-00097676-00098225 charge went to volunteer at a local nonprofit so that they can understand
OQDeEes6XHA-00148-00098225-00098798 more about the mission and in terms of what I think that both parties are
OQDeEes6XHA-00149-00098798-00099311 getting something out of it it's not just a back street yeah thank you for
OQDeEes6XHA-00150-00099311-00099524 saying that come back to that did you want to do
OQDeEes6XHA-00151-00099524-00100025 she's thinking I'm just I have to take a minute from all that you just shared
OQDeEes6XHA-00152-00100025-00100709 about the border and everything that's happening there it's really really
OQDeEes6XHA-00153-00100709-00101093 upsetting um mock my name is Barbara Wien and I
OQDeEes6XHA-00154-00101093-00101660 teach alternatives to war and violence and I come out of nonviolent movements
OQDeEes6XHA-00155-00101660-00102086 and I do not violent protective accompany men in war zones as an unarmed
OQDeEes6XHA-00156-00102086-00102583 bodyguard for human rights primarily with peace brigades international but
OQDeEes6XHA-00157-00102583-00103157 increasingly here in the city I have you know literally hundreds of undergrads
OQDeEes6XHA-00158-00103157-00103585 across all my classes and I teach gender and peacebuilding on both security
OQDeEes6XHA-00159-00103585-00104807 conflict resolution and I've been at it since 1977 and I do bring to my classes
OQDeEes6XHA-00160-00104807-00105413 a lot of hope a lot of experience a lot of inspiration that things can change
OQDeEes6XHA-00161-00105413-00106118 but I don't want to assume that my students are where I am so engagement
OQDeEes6XHA-00162-00106118-00106714 for me is to try to be responsive to openings that
OQDeEes6XHA-00163-00106714-00107460 a request and to hear them out have seen what they'd like to do an elicit if and
OQDeEes6XHA-00164-00107460-00108070 still last semester you know they were so distraught and full of despair about
OQDeEes6XHA-00165-00108070-00108775 the immigration debate and so I provided an opening for them to organize as you
OQDeEes6XHA-00166-00108775-00109339 each teach it and I wish I have invited you to be an expert so it was very
OQDeEes6XHA-00167-00109339-00109846 powerful and we've invited all the immigration advocates Seagraves and you
OQDeEes6XHA-00168-00109846-00110482 know went on for almost four hours and their storytelling and so wherever they
OQDeEes6XHA-00169-00110482-00111013 wish to really engage I try to provide the space the opportunity the resources
OQDeEes6XHA-00170-00111013-00111783 and experts and I'm not just whisked waste of my passions on them so working
OQDeEes6XHA-00171-00111783-00112308 with lots of different populations international students lots of folks
OQDeEes6XHA-00172-00112308-00112816 anyway I came to this session because of your reputation I've heard so much about
OQDeEes6XHA-00173-00112816-00113290 you and possible that I wouldn't have to see you in any story you go on so long
OQDeEes6XHA-00174-00113290-00113760 no thank you for saying that it's very kind of thank you do you want to just
OQDeEes6XHA-00175-00113760-00114268 introduce yourself kind of your role like a you do you interact with a
OQDeEes6XHA-00176-00114268-00114785 population of students our community here and then what does engage me
OQDeEes6XHA-00177-00115005-00115834 we shouldn't mention such as ko-nach january orientation yesterday so i get
OQDeEes6XHA-00178-00115834-00116282 trapped with first-year students transfer students and their parents and
OQDeEes6XHA-00179-00116282-00116738 families along with other group of orientation leaders and orientation
OQDeEes6XHA-00180-00116738-00117398 chairs so sort of spread of developmental needs for me engagement
OQDeEes6XHA-00181-00117398-00117886 means plugging in and kind of getting folks connected with important resources
OQDeEes6XHA-00182-00117886-00118349 are helping them figure out what you want to connect with how they can
OQDeEes6XHA-00183-00118349-00119083 actually alright well you know I hope you all are as excited as I am to be
OQDeEes6XHA-00184-00119083-00119549 here within this world with all of you all today so I'll share a little bit of
OQDeEes6XHA-00185-00119549-00120025 who I am but first one a touch base on what Celeste mentioned earlier around
OQDeEes6XHA-00186-00120025-00120473 you know pedagogy how we think of pedagogy and so the title of this
OQDeEes6XHA-00187-00120473-00120877 presentation is pedagogy of the engage and I really pulled that from pedagogy
OQDeEes6XHA-00188-00120877-00121327 of the oppressed which people are not in their heads yes they understand them so
OQDeEes6XHA-00189-00121327-00121750 when I said at the beginning you know I'm not here representing you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00190-00121750-00122212 trying to be an expert you all are the experts right we're on that kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00191-00122212-00122689 field evil you can even play field together and I'm much more of a
OQDeEes6XHA-00192-00122689-00123122 facilitator right so I want to draw out the experiences that each one of you
OQDeEes6XHA-00193-00123122-00123650 have already experienced right as experts in your particular field in your
OQDeEes6XHA-00194-00123650-00124305 lives on how we can engage better are our students and people we interact with
OQDeEes6XHA-00195-00124305-00125229 also bell hooks who is a fantastic film is scholar also wrote about pedagogy of
OQDeEes6XHA-00196-00125229-00125933 engagement so I pull a lot of that conversation today from their works so
OQDeEes6XHA-00197-00125933-00126345 my name is Lisa Curtis I actually started my career as a tenth and
OQDeEes6XHA-00198-00126345-00126708 eleventh grade teacher in Charlotte North Carolina
OQDeEes6XHA-00199-00126708-00127166 I tried US history and civics and economics so that was really the first
OQDeEes6XHA-00200-00127166-00127808 time where I had to learn how to engage people in a topic that they might not
OQDeEes6XHA-00201-00127808-00128376 want to be engaged in right or they may not know a lot of information about so
OQDeEes6XHA-00202-00128376-00129000 that gave me a little bit of context as to where I first got my first learning
OQDeEes6XHA-00203-00129000-00129453 about how to get that done I actually graduated from the Washington College of
OQDeEes6XHA-00204-00129453-00129953 Law almost ten years ago now and I'm starting my career working with homeless
OQDeEes6XHA-00205-00129953-00130484 families here in DC and nationally at the National Law Center on homelessness
OQDeEes6XHA-00206-00130484-00130814 that homelessness and poverty network to the lawyers Committee for civil rights
OQDeEes6XHA-00207-00130814-00131436 mainly on education and domestic violence issues and now I directs the
OQDeEes6XHA-00208-00131436-00131784 Marshall Brennan constitutional literacy project at the Washington College of Law
OQDeEes6XHA-00209-00131784-00132372 I teach a constitutional seminar constitutional law seminar and I work
OQDeEes6XHA-00210-00132372-00132869 mainly with second and third year law students but this is important because
OQDeEes6XHA-00211-00132869-00133425 this you know the context of Marshall Brennan is really the launchpad for our
OQDeEes6XHA-00212-00133425-00133836 discussion today so Marshall Brennan is a project where we take our our law
OQDeEes6XHA-00213-00133836-00134436 students and they teach constitutional law youth justice civics action in to
OQDeEes6XHA-00214-00134436-00134895 high school students so we have a chapter here in Washington DC we also
OQDeEes6XHA-00215-00134895-00135261 have 18 chapters across the country where in law students kind of in law
OQDeEes6XHA-00216-00135261-00135716 schools follow the similar model so you talking from the standpoint of how to
OQDeEes6XHA-00217-00135716-00136338 get my law students engaged in and aware of what's happening in their community
OQDeEes6XHA-00218-00136338-00136817 so that they you can then also go on and teach other people high school students
OQDeEes6XHA-00219-00136817-00137283 how to you know learn how to build their skill set and
OQDeEes6XHA-00220-00137283-00138219 engaged in the in the community okay so high-quality education first let me
OQDeEes6XHA-00221-00138219-00138594 just get a few responses when I think high quality education what you all
OQDeEes6XHA-00222-00138594-00139100 think of what comes to mind
OQDeEes6XHA-00223-00140653-00141163 social-emotional learning empathy huge
OQDeEes6XHA-00224-00141418-00142013 so you have any occurred of the Brown Center report or the brown Center they
OQDeEes6XHA-00225-00142013-00142481 do a lot of research around education it's mostly focused on K through 12
OQDeEes6XHA-00226-00142481-00143174 population but I brought that up because um they do a lot of reporting on how to
OQDeEes6XHA-00227-00143174-00143555 engage students so I actually have a problem with their latest report up here
OQDeEes6XHA-00228-00143555-00144086 I'll send along if I can the link because this is accessible online but
OQDeEes6XHA-00229-00144086-00144641 there's 2018 report focuses on civics education right what that means and how
OQDeEes6XHA-00230-00144641-00145112 to provide quality education for those students and so it can somebody read
OQDeEes6XHA-00231-00145112-00145727 this what's it ready for me mercy our school is equipping students who the
OQDeEes6XHA-00232-00145727-00146180 tools to become engaged informed and compassionate as's right so picking up
OQDeEes6XHA-00233-00146180-00146561 on what each of you all says social-emotional are they compassionate
OQDeEes6XHA-00234-00146561-00147323 right engaged informed do they know how to use their analytical skills right
OQDeEes6XHA-00235-00147323-00147869 we're talking about media literacy and things like that do our students know
OQDeEes6XHA-00236-00147869-00148460 how to read information and take it was real it was fake news right what
OQDeEes6XHA-00237-00148460-00148976 pertains to their lives or not so this is you know this is the
OQDeEes6XHA-00238-00148976-00149467 main question that we want to answer
OQDeEes6XHA-00239-00149767-00150387 citizen yes that we all have a responsibility if we want to live in a
OQDeEes6XHA-00240-00150387-00151170 civilization that we have to give back yeah take that upon ourselves exactly
OQDeEes6XHA-00241-00151173-00151714 so within that therefore they kind of picked up on the following things that
OQDeEes6XHA-00242-00151714-00152311 lead to a high quality or benchmarks of a high quality education as it pertains
OQDeEes6XHA-00243-00152311-00153082 to civics okay discussion of current events news media literacy talk about
OQDeEes6XHA-00244-00153082-00153864 social emotional learning right and then I have Bolton service-learning and
OQDeEes6XHA-00245-00153864-00154693 simulations as you all are reading through this list right and in terms of
OQDeEes6XHA-00246-00154693-00155221 the factors or the identifying benchmarks of a high quality civics
OQDeEes6XHA-00247-00155221-00155976 education what are some thoughts feedback responses does this make sense
OQDeEes6XHA-00248-00155976-00156517 do you think there's anything that needs to be added or see yeah well I think
OQDeEes6XHA-00249-00156517-00156958 looking at and this might what old generations would certainly be courage
OQDeEes6XHA-00250-00156958-00157473 I think because who social media and writing things happening I think the
OQDeEes6XHA-00251-00157473-00157945 hands-on learning is really important in applied learning I don't think people
OQDeEes6XHA-00252-00157945-00158400 are satisfied anymore to make it you know all theories are all books but you
OQDeEes6XHA-00253-00158400-00158835 have to have multiple ways of learning so I do think the service learning or
OQDeEes6XHA-00254-00158835-00159252 communities learning is so important because it's a way of testing out the
OQDeEes6XHA-00255-00159252-00159780 theory and then discussing and reflecting about the current events and
OQDeEes6XHA-00256-00159780-00160389 oh yeah I've been hiding that's critical but I think it's very much part of a
OQDeEes6XHA-00257-00160389-00160815 millennial education and now I guess generations they may develop some other
OQDeEes6XHA-00258-00160815-00161472 theories about what most people really retain yeah they're experiencing
OQDeEes6XHA-00259-00162617-00163109 he's everything about it you know and actually I've seen this as a problem in
OQDeEes6XHA-00260-00163109-00163694 our classes that yes we do teach the language but once I just have to go over
OQDeEes6XHA-00261-00163694-00164222 and send them out there and so this is the topic or we have information and EMS
OQDeEes6XHA-00262-00164222-00164726 ok execrated or whatever I needed to do it to send them out there talk to people
OQDeEes6XHA-00263-00164726-00165397 and why not why exactly they're here you will be amazed to know what
OQDeEes6XHA-00264-00165493-00165959 people are here or there careful I need to practice in my okay just go outside
OQDeEes6XHA-00265-00165959-00166343 stand outside a classroom and you'll have a distinct impression with the
OQDeEes6XHA-00266-00166343-00166826 topographies and learning about them and then share that country why exactly
OQDeEes6XHA-00267-00166826-00167450 these people are here so I am here to learn how in any other different ways
OQDeEes6XHA-00268-00167450-00167834 I'm gonna send them there to know that many of you don't they just next door
OQDeEes6XHA-00269-00167834-00168371 but they think they know but they don't really know what's happening yeah and
OQDeEes6XHA-00270-00168371-00168770 make the learning process more interesting because then they do
OQDeEes6XHA-00271-00168770-00169241 everything they learn they use the language they get information and then
OQDeEes6XHA-00272-00169241-00170194 they yes let me just quickly say so I will definitely you will lead with
OQDeEes6XHA-00273-00170194-00170720 practical things that you ideas that you can use in terms of I mean getting the
OQDeEes6XHA-00274-00170720-00171113 students interested in learning like the content that they have to learn right
OQDeEes6XHA-00275-00171113-00171482 but I want to pick up on something that Marcy said which is this changing
OQDeEes6XHA-00276-00171482-00171935 generation that we have and I also think it's just changing model of Education
OQDeEes6XHA-00277-00171935-00172442 that we haven't picked up on as an academic kind of community right which
OQDeEes6XHA-00278-00172442-00173000 is to say that it you know our students we don't really learn any more from just
OQDeEes6XHA-00279-00173000-00173429 having someone stand up here and lecture we need to be interactive and engaging
OQDeEes6XHA-00280-00173429-00173927 in the classroom with the material but also as you pointed out bring it you
OQDeEes6XHA-00281-00173927-00174365 know bringing it outside of the classroom is so hard so we as you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00282-00174365-00174860 folks who are in academia have to understand that and integrate that into
OQDeEes6XHA-00283-00174860-00175268 the work that we do but also I think there's some in training
OQDeEes6XHA-00284-00175268-00175676 maybe that meets our expectations setting that has to take place for
OQDeEes6XHA-00285-00175676-00176212 students as well right that they're just not passive kind of learner
OQDeEes6XHA-00286-00176212-00176655 of information that they really have to engage in the material that's going to
OQDeEes6XHA-00287-00176655-00177102 require them to take it outside of the classroom get uncomfortable make
OQDeEes6XHA-00288-00177102-00177526 mistakes not know the answers all of those things which I think students
OQDeEes6XHA-00289-00177526-00177964 especially law students tend to have they want to have everything kind of set
OQDeEes6XHA-00290-00177964-00178569 on they know what's expected and they just sit back but they are really active
OQDeEes6XHA-00291-00178599-00178899 yeah
OQDeEes6XHA-00292-00182558-00183240 there's a house on fire understand the struggles that they're
OQDeEes6XHA-00293-00183240-00183795 some of our kids didn't even know that don't family
OQDeEes6XHA-00294-00184062-00185140 that's fascinating so let me go into my I take your point I think it's something
OQDeEes6XHA-00295-00185140-00185752 that folks who are engaged with with people you know have to really think
OQDeEes6XHA-00296-00185752-00186280 about right my husband Donald Curtis who used to work for mercy now runs his own
OQDeEes6XHA-00297-00186280-00186955 nonprofit here at DC called soul but he works in Ward 7 primarily and he focuses
OQDeEes6XHA-00298-00186955-00187366 a lot on providing exposure for his students even with Marshall Brennan
OQDeEes6XHA-00299-00187366-00187801 right how do we expose our students and things outside of their community maybe
OQDeEes6XHA-00300-00187801-00188251 it's not even outside of their community maybe it's just a new idea a new way of
OQDeEes6XHA-00301-00188251-00188764 thinking about themselves right positioned in their community and so I
OQDeEes6XHA-00302-00188764-00189286 think you know what you're talking about is really exposure and that can take a
OQDeEes6XHA-00303-00189286-00189853 number you know of that could fit into really any of these bullets right
OQDeEes6XHA-00304-00189853-00190468 discussion of current events use media making them more aware of what's
OQDeEes6XHA-00305-00190468-00190891 happening in their world and how they fit into it and we'll talk about that
OQDeEes6XHA-00306-00190891-00192389 yeah is that they're assuming teachers or the schools have the luxury
OQDeEes6XHA-00307-00192389-00193032 to do these things not that they live in an information-rich environment or that
OQDeEes6XHA-00308-00193032-00193908 they have the time to do this and so many schools are so understaffed and
OQDeEes6XHA-00309-00193908-00194832 under resourced and it would be very very challenging for instance for some
OQDeEes6XHA-00310-00194832-00195294 of the teachers I know in really poor areas of the u.s. to try and meet these
OQDeEes6XHA-00311-00195294-00196013 yes often there's kind of a class bias in what I'm seeing here as much as I'm
OQDeEes6XHA-00312-00196013-00196478 completely embrace it in rain I'm coming from a position of privilege so yeah we
OQDeEes6XHA-00313-00196478-00196884 can do all these many but some places they don't even have the internet and
OQDeEes6XHA-00314-00196884-00197420 they don't have small town newspapers they can't really keep up with the media
OQDeEes6XHA-00315-00197420-00197919 and I've been to those places and you're like oh my god the voting rates are so
OQDeEes6XHA-00316-00197919-00198363 low people don't even know what the issues are right and the schools don't
OQDeEes6XHA-00317-00198363-00198759 have any money because they've funded public education across the country yeah
OQDeEes6XHA-00318-00198759-00199088 I take your point I definitely think there's a certain level of privilege
OQDeEes6XHA-00319-00199088-00199587 that's kind of assumed in this but look at that I do think that you know given
OQDeEes6XHA-00320-00199587-00200007 this presentation before in front of public school educators and they talked
OQDeEes6XHA-00321-00200007-00200523 about a lot of the limitations in terms of you know the different benchmarks
OQDeEes6XHA-00322-00200523-00200864 that they have to meet standards that they have to meet for their kids and how
OQDeEes6XHA-00323-00200864-00201219 do we integrate service-learning and all this we have to really teach to a test
OQDeEes6XHA-00324-00201219-00201786 right but I think that there are ways that you you can't beat them from where
OQDeEes6XHA-00325-00201786-00202055 you are even if let's say you're teaching in the Mississippi Delta
OQDeEes6XHA-00326-00202055-00202647 right where you don't have a lot of resources around you just about everyone
OQDeEes6XHA-00327-00202647-00203202 has you know at this point some kind of access to social media or
OQDeEes6XHA-00328-00203202-00203577 things of that nature right so it's taking is what you do have
OQDeEes6XHA-00329-00203577-00204148 available and using it in a new way to to engage you know your students in the
OQDeEes6XHA-00330-00204148-00204601 population but I think that's a fair point and kind of consideration to keep
OQDeEes6XHA-00331-00204601-00205389 in mind so I feel with this this kind of model of engagement kind of the
OQDeEes6XHA-00332-00205389-00205887 checklist that you can use right as you're speaking to engage people
OQDeEes6XHA-00333-00205887-00206373 I'm obviously coming from the standpoint of students but I think that this is
OQDeEes6XHA-00334-00206373-00206916 applicable in any situation so eat enchant with storytelling right and this
OQDeEes6XHA-00335-00206916-00207208 isn't you don't have to go in any kind of order but I think it's really
OQDeEes6XHA-00336-00207208-00207955 important to tell the story of the issue or the content that you're seeking to
OQDeEes6XHA-00337-00207955-00208852 communicate right you know that also goes with giving context so where does
OQDeEes6XHA-00338-00208852-00209377 this you know we're talking about maybe recent economic policy let's say and how
OQDeEes6XHA-00339-00209377-00210106 that you know the trade wars with China and how that you know impacts people
OQDeEes6XHA-00340-00210106-00210598 right you're going to want to give the story the context whether that is single
OQDeEes6XHA-00341-00210598-00211126 person story right or whether it's a whole community story about how you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00342-00211126-00211648 what jobs they need what does it feel like to live in a community right that's
OQDeEes6XHA-00343-00211648-00212194 made up of folks who work in manufacturing and really depend upon do
OQDeEes6XHA-00344-00212194-00212646 you know Archer are trading with other country's right you want to tell that
OQDeEes6XHA-00345-00212646-00213219 story about why the information matters okay
OQDeEes6XHA-00346-00213219-00213807 in Nexus development so we've already been talking about that but it's really
OQDeEes6XHA-00347-00213807-00214267 just connecting the dots so you talk about what's happening in current events
OQDeEes6XHA-00348-00214267-00214678 let's say and your students like okay that's great yeah that's really bad
OQDeEes6XHA-00349-00214678-00215148 that's everything happen in El Paso but like why does that matter for me right
OQDeEes6XHA-00350-00215148-00215682 it's our jobs and educators and those folks who are working to mobilize others
OQDeEes6XHA-00351-00215682-00216192 to connect the dots for them all right so for you in terms of your Spanish
OQDeEes6XHA-00352-00216192-00216708 students you know here's why we need to go out and not just communicate with me
OQDeEes6XHA-00353-00216708-00217023 or folks in this room but you have to go out and talk to real people because
OQDeEes6XHA-00354-00217023-00217467 you're going to get a sense of different accents different dialects that we're
OQDeEes6XHA-00355-00217467-00217992 far within the language they may be the speed of the language you know the
OQDeEes6XHA-00356-00217992-00218334 different nuances that you don't pick up in the classroom right so you have to
OQDeEes6XHA-00357-00218334-00218731 really connect those dots for your students obviously we want to be giving
OQDeEes6XHA-00358-00218731-00219217 them information practical useful information and so that's where our
OQDeEes6XHA-00359-00219217-00219717 teaching you know background comes into play right planning those lesson plans
OQDeEes6XHA-00360-00219717-00220161 really thinking through what is the point a where your starting point of
OQDeEes6XHA-00361-00220161-00220521 your students and point B where do you want them to get you and what
OQDeEes6XHA-00362-00220521-00221148 information do you need to get them and I think this is so important affirm
OQDeEes6XHA-00363-00221148-00221917 lived experience so for me what that means is everyone is an expert right
OQDeEes6XHA-00364-00221917-00222301 about their lived experience this is what we talked about before in terms of
OQDeEes6XHA-00365-00222301-00222778 I am NOT - you know the teacher and the way of like I'm gonna tell you and you
OQDeEes6XHA-00366-00222778-00223330 have to listen and take what I say and you know the truth but as we are engaged
OQDeEes6XHA-00367-00223330-00223769 in a conversation around in a certain specific area I am a
OQDeEes6XHA-00368-00223769-00224235 facilitator right and so you your students have to take on that active
OQDeEes6XHA-00369-00224235-00224760 learning and it's easy to activate that when you are able to affirm their
OQDeEes6XHA-00370-00224760-00225240 expertise right and empower them in the classroom and we'll talk about different
OQDeEes6XHA-00371-00225240-00225869 ways that you can affirm affirm that gee galvanize action that's why we're all
OQDeEes6XHA-00372-00225869-00226461 here today how do we engage our student population and then II empower the
OQDeEes6XHA-00373-00226461-00226806 student voice right and so that goes back to a kind of a firm lived
OQDeEes6XHA-00374-00226806-00227348 experience but you want to give them the power help them to feel empowered about
OQDeEes6XHA-00375-00227348-00227940 engaging with the material asking questions giving their own kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00376-00227940-00228542 opinions about what's happening so what I'm going to do now is kind of take us
OQDeEes6XHA-00377-00228542-00229242 through very quickly something that I do in my classes ok I am a law professor I
OQDeEes6XHA-00378-00229242-00229809 work with students who teach law and so everyone for the most part knows the
OQDeEes6XHA-00379-00229809-00230337 First Amendment ok excellent start front from this point what do you think that
OQDeEes6XHA-00380-00230337-00230696 when you hear free speech
OQDeEes6XHA-00381-00230990-00231917 free speech what's that mean what do you think expressing your opinions without
OQDeEes6XHA-00382-00231917-00232461 fear yeah anything else
OQDeEes6XHA-00383-00232611-00233396 how are the press power of the press power right very strong word
OQDeEes6XHA-00384-00233396-00234049 okay so power to express your opinions without fear love it okay can somebody
OQDeEes6XHA-00385-00234049-00235600 read what the First Amendment says Congress shall make no law abridging the
OQDeEes6XHA-00386-00235600-00236146 freedom of speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to
OQDeEes6XHA-00387-00236146-00237469 petition okay so what what does that mean right there's a whole lot of words
OQDeEes6XHA-00388-00237469-00238319 that you know we know how to articulate grievances petition the government
OQDeEes6XHA-00389-00238319-00239008 peaceably assemble of Britain you know abridging the freedom of speech what the
OQDeEes6XHA-00390-00239008-00239283 heck does that mean
OQDeEes6XHA-00391-00239496-00240429 let me put that in their own words what are the free speech rights
OQDeEes6XHA-00392-00240489-00241006 freedom of assembly freedom of the press freedom speech
OQDeEes6XHA-00393-00241032-00241908 that's a tricky area yeah religion right and so what we just did thank you all
OQDeEes6XHA-00394-00241908-00242496 for playing along with it but it started from a point right where it was it was
OQDeEes6XHA-00395-00242496-00242902 first amendment tell me exactly what the First Amendment means right but starting
OQDeEes6XHA-00396-00242902-00243219 at a place that your students we'd already be out of the people that you're
OQDeEes6XHA-00397-00243219-00243790 interacting with already have kind of a foundational knowledge about right so I
OQDeEes6XHA-00398-00243790-00244242 don't know what it would be for economics or for language learning or
OQDeEes6XHA-00399-00244242-00244714 film or other things but you all know right what is something that everybody
OQDeEes6XHA-00400-00244714-00245269 in the general population knows language right that they know that's accessible
OQDeEes6XHA-00401-00245269-00246166 and having them start to tap into their lived experience their expertise then
OQDeEes6XHA-00402-00246166-00246823 you go into and here's the content even though it has all its words from long
OQDeEes6XHA-00403-00246823-00247228 long ago you don't really talk like this anymore I'm still need to know this
OQDeEes6XHA-00404-00247228-00247681 right we still need to know what's contained in here so giving that and for
OQDeEes6XHA-00405-00247681-00248242 giving them that information and then again asking them okay let's rephrase
OQDeEes6XHA-00406-00248242-00248665 that into something that you are sticky they will be able to remember that
OQDeEes6XHA-00407-00248665-00249234 you'll be able to maybe emotionally connect with right what do those words
OQDeEes6XHA-00408-00249234-00249894 really mean so it's constantly getting them to analyze and to ask questions and
OQDeEes6XHA-00409-00249894-00250258 to engage with the material it's not just giving them the First Amendment
OQDeEes6XHA-00410-00250258-00250798 they remember this or whatever the content might be okay then you would go
OQDeEes6XHA-00411-00250798-00251307 into other questions this could be discussion based I love to do this with
OQDeEes6XHA-00412-00251307-00251890 my students which I have them actually break into groups I will find one group
OQDeEes6XHA-00413-00251890-00252198 one question another they have to get up and teach other
OQDeEes6XHA-00414-00252198-00252973 people the material so this is a great time to do something like that does it
OQDeEes6XHA-00415-00252973-00253390 impact students then let's get into some storytelling
OQDeEes6XHA-00416-00253390-00253929 did anybody know who this is well yep Marcy
OQDeEes6XHA-00417-00253929-00254641 so that Mary mentioned buried life right I guess you may be 68 or 70 or something
OQDeEes6XHA-00418-00254641-00255040 yeah once at war she and her mother were like black
OQDeEes6XHA-00419-00255040-00255856 armbands to school and I think I'm not sure yet it was the Supreme Court that
OQDeEes6XHA-00420-00255856-00256602 do students have the right yeah exactly
OQDeEes6XHA-00421-00256914-00257503 and this was like the very famous case a long time ago so most people don't don't
OQDeEes6XHA-00422-00257503-00257839 know about it but because of some work I did in college I was very familiar with
OQDeEes6XHA-00423-00257839-00258277 her name so she told us that she came to Spokane campus like a year ago and she
OQDeEes6XHA-00424-00258277-00258913 works like in the emergency room of a hospital and she was treating some
OQDeEes6XHA-00425-00258913-00259401 students some young person who came in and saw her name there
OQDeEes6XHA-00426-00260009-00260856 yeah yeah Mary Beth is a she actually now full-time works with students and
OQDeEes6XHA-00427-00260856-00261279 getting them engaged in this work student protest work she's worked with
OQDeEes6XHA-00428-00261279-00262005 the Pope 16 DC students she's worked with the students were much more alive
OQDeEes6XHA-00429-00262005-00262488 she's a fantastic advocate and I know we're running short on time I hope you
OQDeEes6XHA-00430-00262488-00262923 guys don't mind if we run just a few minutes over but I want to make sure
OQDeEes6XHA-00431-00262923-00263400 that we can at least touch touch on some of the information so tell the story
OQDeEes6XHA-00432-00263400-00264012 show a picture don't be afraid show a picture do a video right I have a
OQDeEes6XHA-00433-00264012-00264651 link to an interview that Mary Beth gave to some clothes there's audio on you
OQDeEes6XHA-00434-00264651-00265065 know what her kind of journey has been why she's decided to speak up in high
OQDeEes6XHA-00435-00265065-00265434 school against the Vietnam War and the way that she did write so I
OQDeEes6XHA-00436-00265434-00265884 noticed this all the time I showed videos I show stories I have them
OQDeEes6XHA-00437-00265884-00266624 listened to NPR but real things from real people if you can find audio or
OQDeEes6XHA-00438-00266624-00267384 pictures or film that really represents the population of people right that you
OQDeEes6XHA-00439-00267384-00267897 are speaking with even better right because we want to what we want to do is
OQDeEes6XHA-00440-00267897-00268425 have votes to see themselves right in the works see themselves participating
OQDeEes6XHA-00441-00268425-00268877 in civic action right and what that was like whether it's young people
OQDeEes6XHA-00442-00268877-00269529 african-american people new immigrants to our country right we want to we want
OQDeEes6XHA-00443-00269529-00269924 them to be able to see themselves yes really
OQDeEes6XHA-00444-00269929-00270532 has a fantastic collection of primary source materials so confusing any of
OQDeEes6XHA-00445-00270532-00271210 these things with your class checker their media services yes this wasn't
OQDeEes6XHA-00446-00271210-00271879 this case invoked with the student who wore an LGBTQ t-shirt a couple years ago
OQDeEes6XHA-00447-00271879-00272461 they were banned for the school well it's a bunch of cases came up right yes
OQDeEes6XHA-00448-00272461-00273019 and found that students speech is federally protected in the schools right
OQDeEes6XHA-00449-00273019-00273634 yes but it's not uninhibited free speech rights right so it's balanced against it
OQDeEes6XHA-00450-00273634-00273979 against the school interests of maintaining the safe school environment
OQDeEes6XHA-00451-00273979-00274507 and what their role is as educators but a teacher was really pivotal pivotal
OQDeEes6XHA-00452-00274507-00274924 Supreme Court case because it said that students have First Amendment rights in
OQDeEes6XHA-00453-00274924-00275296 schools and so there's different ways you know there's different scenarios
OQDeEes6XHA-00454-00275296-00275830 that you can have to have a twist on it so then you would give the you know the
OQDeEes6XHA-00455-00275830-00276361 test what does it mean what does the case mean setting context for your
OQDeEes6XHA-00456-00276361-00276886 students okay and then asking them like you were just mentioning how do you take
OQDeEes6XHA-00457-00276886-00277321 that where she wore an armband and the court said guests students have First
OQDeEes6XHA-00458-00277321-00277831 Amendment rights how does that apply to dress codes right how does it apply to
OQDeEes6XHA-00459-00277831-00278278 something that people experience some things fairly mundane that people
OQDeEes6XHA-00460-00278278-00278731 experience every day right so think about us here we're connecting the dots
OQDeEes6XHA-00461-00278731-00279274 again right how does this high level thing pertain to me in my life where I
OQDeEes6XHA-00462-00279274-00279643 am right now so for us and our high school students it comes down to the
OQDeEes6XHA-00463-00279643-00280060 dress code they all have very strong opinions about a dress code does your
OQDeEes6XHA-00464-00280060-00280510 school have the right to tell you what to wear is it constitutional right you
OQDeEes6XHA-00465-00280510-00281095 come up with a scenario so if you are wanting to have more engagement in the
OQDeEes6XHA-00466-00281095-00281561 classroom right or even outside of the class
OQDeEes6XHA-00467-00281561-00281943 it's really important to model what that might look like inside of the classroom
OQDeEes6XHA-00468-00281943-00282332 because a lot of our students may are folks that we're interacting with may
OQDeEes6XHA-00469-00282332-00282864 not have ever done something like testified before the council right or
OQDeEes6XHA-00470-00282864-00283376 attended of protest right so you want to submit give them a safe space where they
OQDeEes6XHA-00471-00283376-00283770 can simulate that and learn right different strategies inside of the
OQDeEes6XHA-00472-00283770-00284453 classroom so this is something that I did for First Amendment all right and
OQDeEes6XHA-00473-00284453-00284948 then the last part that I'll just touch on is just how do your students learn
OQDeEes6XHA-00474-00284948-00285404 the books that you're interacting with how to articulate themselves and their
OQDeEes6XHA-00475-00285404-00285932 beliefs really important so this is something that it's always popular it's
OQDeEes6XHA-00476-00285932-00286502 like a no-fail strategy that you can use and it's having students get up move
OQDeEes6XHA-00477-00286502-00286973 right one side of the room you go to one side of the room if you believe yes this
OQDeEes6XHA-00478-00286973-00287399 is constitutional or whatever it may be no if you don't think it's constitute or
OQDeEes6XHA-00479-00287399-00287873 if it's unconstitutional right and then explain yourselves so you come up with
OQDeEes6XHA-00480-00287873-00288248 t-shirts so for this first amendment dress code we're talking about here
OQDeEes6XHA-00481-00288248-00288990 different logos it's okay for a high school student to learn and that's cool
OQDeEes6XHA-00482-00288990-00289352 say they can't wear this right and then you get intimated okay you think that
OQDeEes6XHA-00483-00289352-00289850 it's okay for a student to wear this you know go to this side of the room it's
OQDeEes6XHA-00484-00289850-00290450 not gonna any talk about that it gets progressively maybe more about diversity
OQDeEes6XHA-00485-00290450-00291233 okay this what about this right something we're dealing with in current
OQDeEes6XHA-00486-00291233-00292057 events in our society right we have for my law students because I know then
OQDeEes6XHA-00487-00292057-00292585 and you know I'm able to put its importantly doing stuff like this though
OQDeEes6XHA-00488-00292585-00293005 you want to be able to get an emotional response from your students but you
OQDeEes6XHA-00489-00293005-00293629 don't want it take it so far that folks are triggered right and so this kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00490-00293629-00294142 activity I would not do on a first day you know and some of the things that we
OQDeEes6XHA-00491-00294142-00294654 t-shirt designs that we have had you know gone a little further than this
OQDeEes6XHA-00492-00294654-00295168 right but it's because I know my students and I know their background in
OQDeEes6XHA-00493-00295168-00295594 context but it's really important to give that warning beforehand and to know
OQDeEes6XHA-00494-00295594-00298588 who you're working with and so do as much research as you can but
OQDeEes6XHA-00495-00298588-00299116 understanding that weird if we're engaging in this work right there may be
OQDeEes6XHA-00496-00299116-00299740 times when people are triggered and you know of no kind of intentional doing or
OQDeEes6XHA-00497-00299740-00300226 you know neglect on your part and I would think don't be afraid to engage in
OQDeEes6XHA-00498-00300226-00300796 those conversations for fear of that but in how you respond to that right and
OQDeEes6XHA-00499-00300796-00301117 providing that safe space really letting people know that hey we're gonna be
OQDeEes6XHA-00500-00301117-00301612 talking about controversial issues or what having sensitive issues today if
OQDeEes6XHA-00501-00301612-00301885 you feel like you need to step out of the room let me know if you're offended
OQDeEes6XHA-00502-00301885-00302332 by something speak up let me know you can come up to me and share right but
OQDeEes6XHA-00503-00302332-00302755 giving different opportunities for people to speak into this is going too
OQDeEes6XHA-00504-00302755-00303372 far for me or not because that's how we learn right
OQDeEes6XHA-00505-00303682-00304139 have these these logos and things you know they're kind of the only sort of
OQDeEes6XHA-00506-00304139-00304882 conservative when you shut up there was the yeah very great I mean with that is
OQDeEes6XHA-00507-00304882-00305461 that I think that's no I mean I have used it before you know it because I
OQDeEes6XHA-00508-00305461-00307268 didn't necessarily know the you all today I didn't want to go too far yeah I
OQDeEes6XHA-00509-00307268-00307783 think you know that really ties into what your personal judgment is with the
OQDeEes6XHA-00510-00307783-00308320 caveat that I think it's always important to touch base to know your
OQDeEes6XHA-00511-00308320-00308765 audience and know the people that you're working with first and not to do
OQDeEes6XHA-00512-00308765-00309502 anything that controversial just for the sake of it right because sometimes you
OQDeEes6XHA-00513-00309502-00310267 can get the point across with doing something less highly charged right so
OQDeEes6XHA-00514-00310267-00310720 sometimes you need to go there because maybe these have conversations with your
OQDeEes6XHA-00515-00310720-00311230 population of individuals before you know you can talk about the swastika or
OQDeEes6XHA-00516-00311230-00312218 anti-semitism or what-have-you right you know that you could do that no
OQDeEes6XHA-00517-00312218-00312673 I'm not saying that you shouldn't I'm just saying that you have to balance
OQDeEes6XHA-00518-00312673-00313129 that between people being offended and a lot of times with engagement it comes
OQDeEes6XHA-00519-00313129-00313589 down to have you built enough like build like I get a super for engagement is
OQDeEes6XHA-00520-00313589-00313994 building trust right with your your students or the people that you're
OQDeEes6XHA-00521-00313994-00314173 working with letting them know that you're coming
OQDeEes6XHA-00522-00314173-00314605 what place you're coming from like here what your intentions are that you care
OQDeEes6XHA-00523-00314605-00315046 about them and their story and that you want them to be impactful and successful
OQDeEes6XHA-00524-00315046-00315458 right that has to happen for any of this stuff
OQDeEes6XHA-00525-00315458-00315983 and in that process you'll learn right what is triggering what is taking it too
OQDeEes6XHA-00526-00315983-00316684 far for somebody that it's uncomfortable and I guess you would have to kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00527-00316684-00317288 determine for yourself are you okay with meeting somebody really a cooker boiler
OQDeEes6XHA-00528-00317288-00318335 that makes somebody you know so we've done the swastika we've had for the I
OQDeEes6XHA-00529-00318335-00318851 had a beacon shirt on here and that was actually a different shirt where you saw
OQDeEes6XHA-00530-00318851-00319586 like an animal actually like I mean they've been very vivid pictures because
OQDeEes6XHA-00531-00319586-00320045 of just the level of where my law students were I don't know if I would
OQDeEes6XHA-00532-00320045-00320423 necessarily have that in a high school classroom because that was it's off to
OQDeEes6XHA-00533-00320423-00320909 different kind of situations so you have to think about the age of your students
OQDeEes6XHA-00534-00320909-00321388 that you're dealing with but you work with masters level students Oh
OQDeEes6XHA-00535-00321388-00321845 impression yes so I think it's just having that conversation with them and
OQDeEes6XHA-00536-00321845-00322379 maybe testing testing the boundaries of what they're able to receive because you
OQDeEes6XHA-00537-00322379-00322859 also don't want people to shut down just engage from the process right it's just
OQDeEes6XHA-00538-00322859-00323582 too much for them in that moment it could have been you know yeah it could
OQDeEes6XHA-00539-00323582-00323969 be so many different things I mean to be honest with you sometimes especially in
OQDeEes6XHA-00540-00323969-00324431 our my law school classes like this could be too much right because they
OQDeEes6XHA-00541-00324431-00324914 feel like I can't really speak us because we are on the liberal campus
OQDeEes6XHA-00542-00324914-00325294 like want anybody to write so it's hard to
OQDeEes6XHA-00543-00325294-00326091 even tell what what is and what is it gonna you know get that kind of reaction
OQDeEes6XHA-00544-00326451-00326982 okay so galvanizing action so really what does this look like what is the
OQDeEes6XHA-00545-00326982-00327301 linchpin so you've done all the work inside of the classroom how do you get
OQDeEes6XHA-00546-00327301-00327732 that your students outside of that classroom to engage right so giving them
OQDeEes6XHA-00547-00327732-00328018 opportunities I love this I think this is definitely an outdated term
OQDeEes6XHA-00548-00328018-00328396 service-learning but I love community-based learning so are there
OQDeEes6XHA-00549-00328396-00328726 opportunities aren't there resources within the communities that it doesn't
OQDeEes6XHA-00550-00328726-00329197 even necessarily acquire about here part besides research right is a good at
OQDeEes6XHA-00551-00329197-00329733 groups executive or community but have put it on your students like you have
OQDeEes6XHA-00552-00329733-00330108 the charge of doing research and figuring out what would be the best use
OQDeEes6XHA-00553-00330108-00330486 of your time word or you know where you could learn the most about this specific
OQDeEes6XHA-00554-00330486-00330997 issue okay giving them the opportunity to do that and then we talked about this
OQDeEes6XHA-00555-00330997-00331672 simulations I think they're just so key if you can create an opportunity project
OQDeEes6XHA-00556-00331672-00332125 right in your class where your students have to take what you've been learning
OQDeEes6XHA-00557-00332125-00332727 all semester and actually do a legislative hearing right in different
OQDeEes6XHA-00558-00332727-00333241 roles or do I don't know you know become a member of an epidemic of economic task
OQDeEes6XHA-00559-00333241-00333724 force right what would you actually do as much training as you can give them
OQDeEes6XHA-00560-00333724-00334270 for real-life situations the better right and then that's gonna get them to
OQDeEes6XHA-00561-00334270-00334704 activate okay I really need to know this information I really need to integrate
OQDeEes6XHA-00562-00334704-00335377 it and internalize the information right that I'm learning so this is some ideas
OQDeEes6XHA-00563-00335377-00335717 that I had civics so writing a letter to your local
OQDeEes6XHA-00564-00335717-00336398 government usually running for office you can't do that in your in your
OQDeEes6XHA-00565-00336398-00337073 classroom okay testifying before a government agency we pour mock trial
OQDeEes6XHA-00566-00337073-00337613 simulation or have your students create an ad with advocacy group advocacy plan
OQDeEes6XHA-00567-00337613-00337997 some of our high school students around environmental justice have really done
OQDeEes6XHA-00568-00337997-00338606 that around prisoner rights have done that have engaged with different you
OQDeEes6XHA-00569-00338606-00339017 know people in the community have really thought thoughtfully about this as if it
OQDeEes6XHA-00570-00339017-00339380 is something that can make a difference right in the community not something
OQDeEes6XHA-00571-00339380-00339728 that what we're going to do this as a project but no we're really going to put
OQDeEes6XHA-00572-00339728-00340241 this out there right to be impactful and it's this safe environment that kind of
OQDeEes6XHA-00573-00340241-00340975 lends itself right of the academic space that lends itself to that kind of work
OQDeEes6XHA-00574-00341032-00341671 in some of my courses where they have
OQDeEes6XHA-00575-00341743-00342421 partnered with community groups we then also tried to convey
OQDeEes6XHA-00576-00342421-00342964 he groups together on the underlying rationale being that were greater than
OQDeEes6XHA-00577-00342964-00343383 the sum of our parts to solve problems in the community we need coalition
OQDeEes6XHA-00578-00343383-00343864 building now where school the janitor is incredibly hard to maintain and nurture
OQDeEes6XHA-00579-00343864-00344539 a mom but just the act of convening so many advocacy groups that might not
OQDeEes6XHA-00580-00344539-00344947 already know each other was very very powerful yeah so if you
OQDeEes6XHA-00581-00344947-00345475 called localizing piece and we actually have a special grant for it but my
OQDeEes6XHA-00582-00345475-00345885 students got to go out and interview the nonprofit's what are the challenges that
OQDeEes6XHA-00583-00345885-00346345 you face you know where could we help harness the resources of higher
OQDeEes6XHA-00584-00346345-00346738 education and to strengthen your operations but most importantly we
OQDeEes6XHA-00585-00346738-00347197 brought them all together and that was so power yeah it was so much work
OQDeEes6XHA-00586-00347197-00347725 yeah what this were it is a lot of work if you're invested right and passionate
OQDeEes6XHA-00587-00347725-00348183 about it it isn't a lot of work connecting with people right but then I
OQDeEes6XHA-00588-00348183-00348550 think the dividends really pay off right in the end
OQDeEes6XHA-00589-00348550-00348957 and so you know setting those expectations up front this is not an
OQDeEes6XHA-00590-00348957-00349369 in-and-out I don't think it's the process of building a relationship yeah
OQDeEes6XHA-00591-00349369-00349809 essentially you know is what it is and thank you for bringing up that point we
OQDeEes6XHA-00592-00349809-00350188 talked about it's not a one-way street in the classroom with your students or
OQDeEes6XHA-00593-00350188-00350671 in the meeting or what have you training same thing outside of the community
OQDeEes6XHA-00594-00350671-00351067 right as they're engaging it so it's always this back and forth it's a
OQDeEes6XHA-00595-00351067-00351421 symbiotic relationship where people are always engaging and getting new
OQDeEes6XHA-00596-00351421-00351826 information from one another and so it's important to know that even if you're an
OQDeEes6XHA-00597-00351826-00352378 activist and you want to help external community or an advocate like the
OQDeEes6XHA-00598-00352378-00352731 community you have to listen to the community understand the community right
OQDeEes6XHA-00599-00352731-00353872 it's it's always this back-and-forth relationship all right so we're like way
OQDeEes6XHA-00600-00353872-00354233 over I think we have four minutes
OQDeEes6XHA-00601-00354369-00355003 okay so let's do brief bam you have plenty of time to debrief so have a few
OQDeEes6XHA-00602-00355003-00355432 questions to get us started but really anywhere that folks kind of want to
OQDeEes6XHA-00603-00355432-00355846 start or if you want me to go back and kind of touch on anything I'm happy to
OQDeEes6XHA-00604-00355846-00356416 do so but in terms of those key takeaways have there been things maybe
OQDeEes6XHA-00605-00356416-00356823 that folks would want to highlight that you would be able to integrate in your
OQDeEes6XHA-00606-00356823-00357484 classroom or in the group of boats that you you work with I teach one of the
OQDeEes6XHA-00607-00357484-00357907 core classes because it's who justice matters class and so the students are
OQDeEes6XHA-00608-00357907-00358170 great from high school first semester of college
OQDeEes6XHA-00609-00358170-00358717 um and it's classes of all first-year students and so for them usually I've
OQDeEes6XHA-00610-00358717-00359203 had class words mixed levels of classes so the younger students kind of lean on
OQDeEes6XHA-00611-00359203-00359673 the older students for permission but because I was giving them permission to
OQDeEes6XHA-00612-00359673-00360109 to be engaged and but they were really nervous about it like we can really do
OQDeEes6XHA-00613-00360109-00360505 this tell me what I'm exactly what I'm supposed to do yeah it's like you figure
OQDeEes6XHA-00614-00360505-00360958 it out so one of the projects we have a service learning project where they do a
OQDeEes6XHA-00615-00360958-00361432 volunteer project so they're like where we supposed to volunteer and I'll let
OQDeEes6XHA-00616-00361432-00361852 you know if it's okay or not but I want you to like just go down a bat-pole and
OQDeEes6XHA-00617-00361852-00362305 find an organization that speaks to you so it's just really starting to them
OQDeEes6XHA-00618-00362305-00362614 instead of just giving them the assignments I had to learn how to break
OQDeEes6XHA-00619-00362614-00363016 it down I had to make a class time to walk them through and again continue to
OQDeEes6XHA-00620-00363016-00363526 give them that that it's okay to do this for constant
OQDeEes6XHA-00621-00363526-00363946 feedback for those questions because they were very very nervous about it and
OQDeEes6XHA-00622-00363946-00364589 then the second project that we do is they pick which way that they want to do
OQDeEes6XHA-00623-00364589-00365173 an advocacy type of thing so one group can do a advocacy they can create an
OQDeEes6XHA-00624-00365173-00365752 accuracy group the next one that did like a journalism for justice project
OQDeEes6XHA-00625-00365752-00366181 and they end up doing like a mini documentary asking folks on Kings about
OQDeEes6XHA-00626-00366181-00366767 some experiences of justice and food insecurity another who created a PSA so
OQDeEes6XHA-00627-00366767-00367091 they all can do different things and what I actually did was to create
OQDeEes6XHA-00628-00367091-00367528 community but I brought back all the invited speakers that we had a class to
OQDeEes6XHA-00629-00367528-00367897 come see their final presentations and that just helped them feel like okay I'm
OQDeEes6XHA-00630-00367897-00368353 actually becoming a part of this food justice community but that really worked
OQDeEes6XHA-00631-00368353-00368698 well and of course the the community advocates loved coming back and seeing
OQDeEes6XHA-00632-00368698-00369094 how all the students were and what their ideas were so those things actually work
OQDeEes6XHA-00633-00369094-00369496 really really well but I think making space to mentor the students through
OQDeEes6XHA-00634-00369496-00369976 this process was probably the biggest thing that I got and I think the payoff
OQDeEes6XHA-00635-00369976-00370276 from that is huge not only for your class and whether you're quite this
OQDeEes6XHA-00636-00370276-00370756 there but just life skills like no need to know if you think that some things
OQDeEes6XHA-00637-00370756-00371179 should change you need to know how to be proactive and make that thing happen but
OQDeEes6XHA-00638-00371179-00371671 oftentimes it's our classrooms where they get to test that out and try and
OQDeEes6XHA-00639-00371671-00372060 learn but yeah that sounds fantastic
OQDeEes6XHA-00640-00372175-00372811 I do encourage each one of you to send your students to the library because we
OQDeEes6XHA-00641-00372811-00374464 have this amazing collection of primary source material amazing that and we have
OQDeEes6XHA-00642-00374464-00374896 the social whole social justice primaries collections and our special
OQDeEes6XHA-00643-00374896-00375835 collections so you know if they need this advocacy groups speaking I am the
OQDeEes6XHA-00644-00375835-00376666 DC history just a truck may be good to s CQ around the host like that I was going
OQDeEes6XHA-00645-00376666-00378181 to say a lunchtime session about how to utilize the library email and everything
OQDeEes6XHA-00646-00378181-00378957 please offer especially excellent or even when I teach you know in this
OQDeEes6XHA-00647-00379271-00380139 you can ask a librarian yes I just tell the librarian what we want highlights
OQDeEes6XHA-00648-00380139-00381120 for your students over 600 faces every day
OQDeEes6XHA-00649-00381120-00381807 do you have storycorps permanent lagares or a court because they say it's
OQDeEes6XHA-00650-00381807-00382201 launched at the Library of Congress and you cannot get into it oh my gosh so
OQDeEes6XHA-00651-00382201-00383109 good why should pose just sit in our phony mind they take away from this
OQDeEes6XHA-00652-00383109-00383644 session with you thank you so much it was very very skillful you delivered
OQDeEes6XHA-00653-00383644-00384025 thank you pump is that I need to be as open-ended
OQDeEes6XHA-00654-00384025-00384783 as watering in my angry you're sorry you're so open in fostering their own
OQDeEes6XHA-00655-00384783-00385254 critical thinking first and you're not spoon feeding them information yeah so
OQDeEes6XHA-00656-00385254-00385806 that's my big primary from you that you're asking them to analyze and engage
OQDeEes6XHA-00657-00385806-00386326 and ask what does it really mean for them where is it being applied and I
OQDeEes6XHA-00658-00386326-00386992 need to do more of that so that was very very and I think on that point you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00659-00386992-00387732 it's the onus should really be on the student Yeah right and not being afraid
OQDeEes6XHA-00660-00387732-00389130 to give them that charge right right yeah we want them to be powerful
OQDeEes6XHA-00661-00389130-00389781 citizens in a democracy we have to model democracy yes and I see that we're doing
OQDeEes6XHA-00662-00389781-00390448 that when you send the very beginning give away your power yes that is that's
OQDeEes6XHA-00663-00390448-00390978 huge because then they know they have power yes it's not a top-down method of
OQDeEes6XHA-00664-00390978-00391444 learning and also they're supposed to take that model out into society exactly
OQDeEes6XHA-00665-00391444-00391935 yeah because too many has too much power in the hands of too few people right now
OQDeEes6XHA-00666-00391935-00392314 yeah and I think I want to go back to Celeste comment to I think they're at
OQDeEes6XHA-00667-00392314-00392757 least it there is a lot of like development of our own students and even
OQDeEes6XHA-00668-00392757-00393360 of ourselves right to get out of break out of that like model of communication
OQDeEes6XHA-00669-00393360-00393997 and interaction with other people and say if I'm in a room right I'm going to
OQDeEes6XHA-00670-00393997-00394407 speak up people are going to know that I'm here what I have to say about
OQDeEes6XHA-00671-00394407-00394789 something I'm gonna listen right I'm going to seek to understand first but
OQDeEes6XHA-00672-00394789-00395394 I'm also going to speak up and share what I know no matter what room I'm in
OQDeEes6XHA-00673-00395991-00396600 each other and to challenge themselves whereas my junior seniors and grad
OQDeEes6XHA-00674-00396600-00397072 students I you know they're yeah they're super fun to engage yeah speak up they
OQDeEes6XHA-00675-00397072-00397578 have a lot of opinions but when you're teaching you know 100 or 200 level class
OQDeEes6XHA-00677-00403502-00403880 school students right it might be more similar to the one Contreras right but
OQDeEes6XHA-00678-00403880-00404391 it's just a reluctant people who don't want to see and what we found is if you
OQDeEes6XHA-00679-00404391-00404936 give them rather than putting out a question they see know what is a dress
OQDeEes6XHA-00680-00404936-00405602 code is it constitutional right in a large group having them partner up right
OQDeEes6XHA-00681-00405602-00406098 that might be more comfortable for them or we'll do gallery Watts where we'll
OQDeEes6XHA-00682-00406098-00406551 post questions around the wall get up walk how to post it if something
OQDeEes6XHA-00683-00406551-00406977 resonates with you put a sickie by if you have a question about something else
OQDeEes6XHA-00684-00406977-00407555 put a ciggy by it so it doesn't have to be like a verbal engagement it could be
OQDeEes6XHA-00685-00407555-00407973 other ways that they can engage in the material that is more comfortable for
OQDeEes6XHA-00686-00407973-00408438 them as you're kind of teaching them how to engage we got to do a lot of teaching
OQDeEes6XHA-00687-00408438-00408752 our high school students how to collaborate with one another because
OQDeEes6XHA-00688-00408752-00409082 though they're kind of like toddlers and that they'll just sit there in the group
OQDeEes6XHA-00689-00409082-00409382 and then they'll just be doing their own work and it's like well you guys have to
OQDeEes6XHA-00690-00409382-00409856 talk to each other you have to teach that you know that's that really is a
OQDeEes6XHA-00691-00409856-00410133 skill you know talking about social emotional
OQDeEes6XHA-00692-00410133-00410745 the skill think about other ways that you can get them to interact that's less
OQDeEes6XHA-00693-00410745-00411505 you know kind of intimidating for them anything to hear more students say to me
OQDeEes6XHA-00694-00411505-00412003 that they have social anxiety yeah that's like our rise across the country
OQDeEes6XHA-00695-00412003-00412528 is that I can't speak in the full group I have social anxiety and so much their
OQDeEes6XHA-00696-00412528-00412951 greatest participation so I had to come up with really creative ways to rhythms
OQDeEes6XHA-00697-00412951-00413400 shy painfully shy people to speak
OQDeEes6XHA-00698-00413633-00414127 reflections and their papers actually were the best papers in the class I mean
OQDeEes6XHA-00699-00414127-00414526 I feel like I was that student I was a student who was just like I'm just gonna
OQDeEes6XHA-00700-00414526-00414918 stay here cuz I want to know them right yet I want to know the right famous days
OQDeEes6XHA-00701-00414918-00415372 I'm just gonna sit keep my thoughts to myself and it's really through you know
OQDeEes6XHA-00702-00415372-00415914 law school to be honest with you teaching you know that got me kind of to
OQDeEes6XHA-00703-00415914-00416326 say okay and then sometimes it takes practice and just seeing what it feels
OQDeEes6XHA-00704-00416326-00416806 like and working through that so there's a whole host of things that you have to
OQDeEes6XHA-00705-00416806-00417151 teach before you you know maybe or that your students have to come in with
OQDeEes6XHA-00706-00417151-00417712 before they can get to that point and you have their thoughts and they're also
OQDeEes6XHA-00707-00417712-00418213 are also like online tools that you can use for engagement or just checking in
OQDeEes6XHA-00708-00418213-00418687 with students that if there's like a conference portal or something I'll like
OQDeEes6XHA-00709-00418687-00419056 link to it so you walk to see it so you can have your students like boat on
OQDeEes6XHA-00710-00419056-00419778 things yeah yeah okay five minutes left
OQDeEes6XHA-00711-00419839-00420404 thank you it screams of you free
OQDeEes6XHA-00712-00420807-00421304 thank you so much I appreciate any other big takeaways
OQDeEes6XHA-00713-00421868-00422554 it's really very beautiful yeah very nice one thing that's still sticking
OQDeEes6XHA-00714-00422554-00423052 with me yes I'm Anais our liberal bias on this
OQDeEes6XHA-00715-00423052-00423828 yeah yeah like sign topics to students like make them discuss the Red Hat
OQDeEes6XHA-00716-00423828-00424392 versus you know the black pots matter I mean it's if
OQDeEes6XHA-00717-00424392-00424756 they do them they must take this seriously and they must really try to
OQDeEes6XHA-00718-00424756-00425821 put their own head yeah so we do that for our particular project we do a MOOC
OQDeEes6XHA-00719-00425821-00426376 or simulation each year with our students and we come up with a whole
OQDeEes6XHA-00720-00426376-00426840 court case right this year last year we worked with a transgender student who
OQDeEes6XHA-00721-00426840-00427210 wanted to use a certain bathroom and the school said no you can't use this
OQDeEes6XHA-00722-00427210-00427726 bathroom right and so is the school being unconstitutional or does the
OQDeEes6XHA-00723-00427726-00428115 student not have a right to choose which bathroom right and dress code violations
OQDeEes6XHA-00724-00428115-00428544 there so many of our high school students and our law students were like
OQDeEes6XHA-00725-00428544-00429036 we don't want to argue on behalf of the school like we think this is wrong but
OQDeEes6XHA-00726-00429036-00429457 you know for our field and law you have to be able to be objective and your role
OQDeEes6XHA-00727-00429457-00429979 is to advocate for your client and so it lends itself do press so it uses well
OQDeEes6XHA-00728-00429979-00430528 unless it also good exercise I think that's a great exercise to say you have
OQDeEes6XHA-00729-00430528-00430842 to see the other person's viewpoint something we don't do is know how to
OQDeEes6XHA-00730-00430842-00431418 talk to one another you know especially if you have differing opinions right so
OQDeEes6XHA-00731-00431418-00431992 I think that's a great thing to be able to do at some point yeah that engages
OQDeEes6XHA-00732-00431992-00432471 your students and kind of you know talks about being the bad guy and all of that
OQDeEes6XHA-00733-00432471-00433084 yes we may do all the for sure like this particular student has this particular I
OQDeEes6XHA-00734-00433084-00433782 know you want to have your honor idea you have to see and why is that an
OQDeEes6XHA-00735-00433782-00434235 important skill for you to have right so I'm not doing it just to record your
OQDeEes6XHA-00736-00434235-00434739 weather but you need to know how to see somebody else's viewpoint because that
OQDeEes6XHA-00737-00434739-00435260 for the truth is right the truth is that we're enhancing these top convincing
OQDeEes6XHA-00738-00435260-00435612 this women they're so oh my god I didn't know this because I have to do research
OQDeEes6XHA-00739-00435612-00436415 before this and have them reflect I need to talk about this but reflection also
OQDeEes6XHA-00740-00436415-00436667 is really seeing if what have you learned
OQDeEes6XHA-00741-00436667-00437001 right what did you what were your takeaway if we kind of do this with the
OQDeEes6XHA-00742-00437001-00437406 debrief but you have to advocate for this different viewpoint how did you
OQDeEes6XHA-00743-00437406-00437717 feel about that what did you learn what did you gain what kind of skills write
OQDeEes6XHA-00744-00437717-00438357 and talk about that that's a really really valuable tool of engagement all
OQDeEes6XHA-00745-00438357-00439339 right put my email address up
OSBiBVAub4E-00000-00000160-00000555 PROFESSOR: This is GPH 492/692.
OSBiBVAub4E-00001-00000555-00001033 And it's the third lecture on seismic reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-00002-00001033-00001456 And the set of overheads and pictures that we're using
OSBiBVAub4E-00003-00001456-00001821 is called the Seismic 2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00004-00001821-00002594 So I'd like to talk for 52 slides
OSBiBVAub4E-00005-00002594-00002918 about seismic acquisition, seismic reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-00006-00002918-00003208 acquisition in particular.
OSBiBVAub4E-00007-00003208-00003703 So seismic acquisition involves putting out
OSBiBVAub4E-00008-00003703-00004064 active sources of seismic energy,
OSBiBVAub4E-00009-00004064-00004562 and then recording them with sensors called geophones,
OSBiBVAub4E-00010-00004562-00005024 and linking those geophones back into some kind of recording
OSBiBVAub4E-00011-00005024-00005210 system.
OSBiBVAub4E-00012-00005210-00005489 Occasionally, and more and more often
OSBiBVAub4E-00013-00005489-00005903 these days, each sensor will have a recording system
OSBiBVAub4E-00014-00005903-00006224 that is integrated into it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00015-00006224-00006788 But the data still have to be broadcast to a common archiving
OSBiBVAub4E-00016-00006788-00006983 site.
OSBiBVAub4E-00017-00006983-00007447 So we have here one of our geophysics majors
OSBiBVAub4E-00018-00007447-00008238 who is taking a look at a seismic reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-00019-00008238-00008688 acquisition program out in Rye Patch between Lovelock
OSBiBVAub4E-00020-00008688-00008850 and Winnemucca.
OSBiBVAub4E-00021-00008850-00009318 And this is done to take a look at a geothermal field.
OSBiBVAub4E-00022-00009318-00009660 I'll talk later about the results
OSBiBVAub4E-00023-00009660-00009888 that we get from seismic reflection surveys
OSBiBVAub4E-00024-00009888-00010353 and geothermal fields like this, surveys run like this one
OSBiBVAub4E-00025-00010353-00011066 was by my graduate and UNR graduate Satish
OSBiBVAub4E-00026-00011066-00011793 Pullammanappalil at Optim can be very, very good
OSBiBVAub4E-00027-00011793-00012067 and get some pretty amazing results.
OSBiBVAub4E-00028-00012067-00012648 So they start off with a gang of these heavy vibrators.
OSBiBVAub4E-00029-00012648-00012894 There's two that you can see in this picture here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00030-00012894-00013365 And over here you can see that the plate of one
OSBiBVAub4E-00031-00013365-00013612 is pressed into the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00032-00013612-00014097 And there are reaction masses and hydraulic motors on it
OSBiBVAub4E-00033-00014097-00014625 that will basically shake up and down relative to the ground
OSBiBVAub4E-00034-00014625-00015243 and put in the seismic energy then radiating into the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00035-00015243-00015854 And one of them is not enough, so we need two,
OSBiBVAub4E-00036-00015854-00016136 and in fact this survey had more than two.
OSBiBVAub4E-00037-00016413-00016463 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00038-00016463-00016848 Scrolling down to another picture,
OSBiBVAub4E-00039-00016848-00017612 this vibrator is in a park in the middle of the Truckee
OSBiBVAub4E-00040-00017612-00017945 River in the middle of Reno.
OSBiBVAub4E-00041-00017945-00018298 This is an urban survey unlike the Rye Patch one,
OSBiBVAub4E-00042-00018298-00018594 which is the middle of nowhere.
OSBiBVAub4E-00043-00018594-00019055 This one was all done on top of streets and sidewalks.
OSBiBVAub4E-00044-00019055-00019412 You can see some seismic cable that's been taped down,
OSBiBVAub4E-00045-00019412-00019700 and you can see that the plate from the vibrator
OSBiBVAub4E-00046-00019700-00020025 is resting directly on the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00047-00020025-00020261 So there's the plate.
OSBiBVAub4E-00048-00020261-00020480 And here is the reaction mass.
OSBiBVAub4E-00049-00020480-00020801 This one weighs 700 pounds, and it's
OSBiBVAub4E-00050-00020801-00021044 being held against the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00051-00021044-00021190 The plate and the reaction mass are
OSBiBVAub4E-00052-00021190-00021458 being held against the ground by these hydraulic rams
OSBiBVAub4E-00053-00021458-00022016 here that are mounted on the back of this sort
OSBiBVAub4E-00054-00022016-00022307 of medium-sized truck.
OSBiBVAub4E-00055-00022307-00022814 Now I'm going to play some animations which
OSBiBVAub4E-00056-00022814-00023493 will show you just how these vibrators look
OSBiBVAub4E-00057-00023493-00023704 when they're in action.
OSBiBVAub4E-00058-00023704-00024084 You'll see first-- and here a little bit
OSBiBVAub4E-00059-00024084-00024257 of a much larger vibrator, like the one
OSBiBVAub4E-00060-00024257-00024531 used on the geothermal project.
OSBiBVAub4E-00061-00024531-00025269 Then you'll see the reaction mass of this one in action
OSBiBVAub4E-00062-00025269-00025545 and see how it's--
OSBiBVAub4E-00063-00025545-00025893 at least you can see it moving at the lower frequencies
OSBiBVAub4E-00064-00025893-00026245 of the sweep, as it's called.
OSBiBVAub4E-00065-00026245-00026692 And then you'll see how we, here in the class,
OSBiBVAub4E-00066-00026692-00027172 since we can't afford to spend $50,000, $100,000 to mobilize
OSBiBVAub4E-00067-00027172-00027694 these vibrator machines from other parts of the country,
OSBiBVAub4E-00068-00027694-00028024 from Texas particularly, how we have
OSBiBVAub4E-00069-00028024-00028377 to put in our seismic sources using sledgehammers.
OSBiBVAub4E-00070-00028377-00028438 OK?
OSBiBVAub4E-00071-00028438-00029041 So we're going to go off to that that animation now.
OSBiBVAub4E-00072-00029041-00029140 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
OSBiBVAub4E-00074-00033636-00033692 - Clear.
OSBiBVAub4E-00075-00033692-00033845 [END PLAYBACK]
OSBiBVAub4E-00076-00033845-00034307 So now you've seen a bit of how we
OSBiBVAub4E-00077-00034307-00035126 put in these seismic sources with a 16-pound sledgehammer.
OSBiBVAub4E-00078-00035126-00035271 Got a few of them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00079-00035271-00035543 We burn through them pretty fast.
OSBiBVAub4E-00080-00035543-00035768 One of the secrets to the seismic reflection technique
OSBiBVAub4E-00081-00035768-00036131 is lots of sources, lots of receivers,
OSBiBVAub4E-00082-00036131-00036446 lots of source locations, lots of receiver locations.
OSBiBVAub4E-00083-00036446-00036635 So seismic reflection is definitely
OSBiBVAub4E-00084-00036635-00037188 a very labor intensive, time intensive endeavor.
OSBiBVAub4E-00085-00037188-00037535 So here you see they were pounding
OSBiBVAub4E-00086-00037535-00037898 on a plate, which you can't quite see next
OSBiBVAub4E-00087-00037898-00038039 to a line of geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00088-00038039-00038114 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00089-00038114-00038426 Hopefully we're not hitting the geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00090-00038426-00038798 And here's our Seismo Lab director Graham Kent,
OSBiBVAub4E-00091-00038798-00039387 and he's pounding on a plate, which you can see down here,
OSBiBVAub4E-00092-00039387-00039666 which is on the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00093-00039666-00039995 This is just south of Reno.
OSBiBVAub4E-00094-00039995-00040601 So it's helpful to be in shape to do these seismic reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-00095-00040601-00041165 surveys, in particular for swinging that 16-pound sledge
OSBiBVAub4E-00096-00041165-00041421 hundreds of times.
OSBiBVAub4E-00097-00041421-00041618 You know, maybe each one of you is going
OSBiBVAub4E-00098-00041618-00041996 to have to swing it 100 times.
OSBiBVAub4E-00099-00041996-00042309 And I'll join you.
OSBiBVAub4E-00100-00042309-00042710 I'll probably swing it 50 times myself.
OSBiBVAub4E-00101-00042710-00043043 That's to do one seismic survey because we swing it
OSBiBVAub4E-00102-00043043-00043400 several times for every source location.
OSBiBVAub4E-00103-00043400-00043821 And we have probably hundreds of source locations.
OSBiBVAub4E-00104-00043821-00044228 We've got to carry a lot of heavy equipment around.
OSBiBVAub4E-00105-00044228-00044771 So the critical thing here is that you're strong enough
OSBiBVAub4E-00106-00044771-00045131 that you can carry the equipment without hurting your back,
OSBiBVAub4E-00107-00045131-00045443 and you learn how to do that properly to minimize
OSBiBVAub4E-00108-00045443-00045761 the risks to your joints and your back,
OSBiBVAub4E-00109-00045761-00046220 and that you learn how to swing the hammer safely
OSBiBVAub4E-00110-00046220-00046427 so that you don't hurt yourself or anybody else.
OSBiBVAub4E-00111-00046778-00047360 And I've had plenty of small people in this class who,
OSBiBVAub4E-00112-00047360-00048029 despite being under five feet tall and being slight,
OSBiBVAub4E-00113-00048029-00048281 they had trained themselves to have the strength
OSBiBVAub4E-00114-00048281-00048722 to swing the sledgehammer and do it safely and provide
OSBiBVAub4E-00115-00048722-00048812 a good source.
OSBiBVAub4E-00116-00048812-00049328 Even when I've had you know big football players in my class,
OSBiBVAub4E-00117-00049328-00049718 they can't necessarily make a better source
OSBiBVAub4E-00118-00049718-00050216 than somebody who's small but has sufficient strength
OSBiBVAub4E-00119-00050216-00050760 and can swing that hammer precisely and safely.
OSBiBVAub4E-00120-00050760-00050912 So there's a bit of finesse to it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00121-00050912-00051253 It's not just brute strength.
OSBiBVAub4E-00122-00051253-00051510 Finesse can get you a long way in this business.
OSBiBVAub4E-00123-00051928-00052791 So obviously I need to enlarge a bit.
OSBiBVAub4E-00124-00052791-00053025 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00125-00053025-00053689 We've got here-- all right, if that stops flashing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00126-00053689-00054466 Now how are we going to record these seismic signals
OSBiBVAub4E-00127-00054466-00054823 that we put into the ground with the vibrators or sledgehammers?
OSBiBVAub4E-00128-00054823-00055179 Well, we have sensors called geophones, OK?
OSBiBVAub4E-00129-00055179-00055588 So here's a geophone, which we've talked about before.
OSBiBVAub4E-00130-00055588-00056155 It's a vertical ground velocity sensor.
OSBiBVAub4E-00131-00056155-00056824 And so the magnet that will move against the inertial coil
OSBiBVAub4E-00132-00056824-00057139 is connected to the ground with this spike,
OSBiBVAub4E-00133-00057139-00057316 which you might be able to see.
OSBiBVAub4E-00134-00057316-00057523 And this one is a very simple system
OSBiBVAub4E-00135-00057523-00057754 where the lead wire comes out and just delivers
OSBiBVAub4E-00136-00057754-00058228 the millivolt impulses, the millivolt waves we
OSBiBVAub4E-00137-00058228-00058600 get out electrically through this connector to this
OSBiBVAub4E-00138-00058600-00058921 take out, which is really just a connection point along a longer
OSBiBVAub4E-00139-00058921-00059035 cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-00140-00059035-00059344 So what we call the cable has at least 12,
OSBiBVAub4E-00141-00059344-00059824 and sometimes as many as 96 take outs, and each take out
OSBiBVAub4E-00142-00059824-00060004 is a different channel of recording results
OSBiBVAub4E-00143-00060004-00060179 in a different seismogram on the recorder.
OSBiBVAub4E-00144-00060659-00061213 And each takeout can connect from one geophone
OSBiBVAub4E-00145-00061213-00061477 to a large number of geophones that are linked together
OSBiBVAub4E-00146-00061477-00061699 electrically.
OSBiBVAub4E-00147-00061699-00062175 Now let me see if I can back off on the zoom a bit.
OSBiBVAub4E-00148-00062175-00062263 Yeah, here we go.
OSBiBVAub4E-00149-00062514-00062679 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00150-00062679-00063124 So here we've got an example of a seismic cable, which
OSBiBVAub4E-00151-00063124-00063555 you might be able to see here, coming down toward us.
OSBiBVAub4E-00152-00063555-00063908 And there's a take out.
OSBiBVAub4E-00153-00063908-00064645 And the take out is clipped into with this lead wire
OSBiBVAub4E-00154-00064645-00064784 of this geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-00155-00064784-00065216 The geophone is sitting visually straight up.
OSBiBVAub4E-00156-00065216-00065482 In fact, I think that one's probably been leveled.
OSBiBVAub4E-00157-00065482-00065755 And so it's going to record the ground motion
OSBiBVAub4E-00158-00065755-00066055 and deliver that into one channel of the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-00159-00066399-00067771 And here's a setup where we have more than one geophone
OSBiBVAub4E-00160-00067771-00068092 in the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-00161-00068092-00068713 So each take out, right here, all this looping stuff here
OSBiBVAub4E-00162-00068713-00069148 is the cable, as we call it, which connects together
OSBiBVAub4E-00163-00069148-00069319 all the different channels.
OSBiBVAub4E-00164-00069319-00069538 And here's one take out, and it connects
OSBiBVAub4E-00165-00069538-00069742 to a lead wire which connects to one
OSBiBVAub4E-00166-00069742-00070130 geophone, the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth.
OSBiBVAub4E-00167-00070130-00070504 Six geophones connected together.
OSBiBVAub4E-00168-00070504-00070726 I believe the sensors are electrically
OSBiBVAub4E-00169-00070726-00070950 connected in parallel.
OSBiBVAub4E-00170-00070950-00071404 And so they all sum the ground motion
OSBiBVAub4E-00171-00071404-00071836 into a larger current, larger voltage,
OSBiBVAub4E-00172-00071836-00072101 the more ground motion there is that affects all of them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00173-00072101-00072665 And then that gets delivered into one channel
OSBiBVAub4E-00174-00072665-00072995 of the seismograph via the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-00175-00072995-00073412 So we lay out flags that are a certain distance apart.
OSBiBVAub4E-00176-00073412-00073727 Here I think it's probably two or three meters
OSBiBVAub4E-00177-00073727-00073898 for this survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-00178-00073898-00074555 And we unroll the cable and put a take out at every flag.
OSBiBVAub4E-00179-00074555-00075409 And every flag is numbered with the number of the station.
OSBiBVAub4E-00180-00075409-00075813 And each flag number will end up having a geographic location.
OSBiBVAub4E-00181-00075813-00076274 And then you can see the center of this array of receivers
OSBiBVAub4E-00182-00076274-00076826 here is offset by about a meter and a half
OSBiBVAub4E-00183-00076826-00077420 along the line direction, and maybe half a meter
OSBiBVAub4E-00184-00077420-00077600 transverse to the line direction.
OSBiBVAub4E-00185-00077600-00077985 It's kind of the center of mass of the geophone recorders.
OSBiBVAub4E-00186-00077985-00078185 And you can see there's a little bit of overlap.
OSBiBVAub4E-00187-00078185-00078578 Here's the last geophone in the six that are behind the picture
OSBiBVAub4E-00188-00078578-00078810 here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00189-00078810-00079134 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00190-00079134-00079474 Let's zoom out a bit.
OSBiBVAub4E-00191-00079474-00079604 OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-00192-00079604-00079993 Here's a more closely packed survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-00193-00079993-00080467 Again, six geophones per channel electrically summed.
OSBiBVAub4E-00194-00080467-00080788 And you can see we got a real mess of cable here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00195-00080788-00081058 That cable that contains multiple channels
OSBiBVAub4E-00196-00081058-00081229 has a lot of little tiny wires in it,
OSBiBVAub4E-00197-00081229-00081460 so you want to avoid stepping on it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00198-00081460-00081838 And Mayo Thompson here is being very careful to avoid
OSBiBVAub4E-00199-00081838-00082078 stepping on it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00200-00082078-00082426 By the way, if you like what you're doing in this class,
OSBiBVAub4E-00201-00082426-00082594 I'll give you Mayo's email address,
OSBiBVAub4E-00202-00082594-00082888 and you can write to him and see if he has any opportunities
OSBiBVAub4E-00203-00082888-00083056 for summer internships.
OSBiBVAub4E-00204-00083056-00083548 He works for a geophysical company, Zonge,
OSBiBVAub4E-00205-00083548-00083893 that has offices here in Sparks, and Mayo works
OSBiBVAub4E-00206-00083893-00084386 for their office in Denver.
OSBiBVAub4E-00207-00084386-00084692 So here we're installing geophones
OSBiBVAub4E-00208-00084692-00085007 in these little L-shaped arrays instead of linear arrays.
OSBiBVAub4E-00209-00085007-00085304 Again, the point is to record the ground motion
OSBiBVAub4E-00210-00085304-00085781 at a large number of places and put
OSBiBVAub4E-00211-00085781-00086346 our seismic source, our ground motion into the ground
OSBiBVAub4E-00212-00086346-00086557 also at a lot of places.
OSBiBVAub4E-00213-00086557-00086981 So every one of these yellow flags,
OSBiBVAub4E-00214-00086981-00087397 which are only half a meter apart, is another channel.
OSBiBVAub4E-00215-00087397-00087985 So this survey takes not very much space.
OSBiBVAub4E-00216-00087985-00088576 And here we are on a completely different experiment.
OSBiBVAub4E-00217-00088576-00088825 And you probably can't see it, but on
OSBiBVAub4E-00218-00088825-00089194 these screens of this particular recorder
OSBiBVAub4E-00219-00089194-00089573 are the seismic record that's being recorded.
OSBiBVAub4E-00220-00089573-00089935 In this case, it was I think at least 120 channels.
OSBiBVAub4E-00221-00089935-00090328 So sometimes we can do our recording in a van like this.
OSBiBVAub4E-00222-00090328-00090768 Sometimes we're just kind of stuck out
OSBiBVAub4E-00223-00090768-00090969 in the middle of nowhere.
OSBiBVAub4E-00224-00090969-00091360 And so here's the seismic recorder.
OSBiBVAub4E-00225-00091360-00091642 We've got to keep notes of where we are
OSBiBVAub4E-00226-00091642-00091897 and what we're doing, where the geophones are,
OSBiBVAub4E-00227-00091897-00092363 where the source was, and all of that, what time of day it was.
OSBiBVAub4E-00228-00092363-00092603 And so here's the recording unit.
OSBiBVAub4E-00229-00092603-00092737 It's not so hard to haul around.
OSBiBVAub4E-00230-00092737-00093235 It's hauling this this deep cycle marine battery around
OSBiBVAub4E-00231-00093235-00093328 that's--
OSBiBVAub4E-00232-00093328-00093544 you know, it weighs 50 pounds.
OSBiBVAub4E-00233-00093544-00093751 That's what's not easy about seismic surveys,
OSBiBVAub4E-00234-00093751-00094285 in addition to using the sledgehammer.
OSBiBVAub4E-00235-00094285-00094870 The full sun on this 1996 vintage LCD screen.
OSBiBVAub4E-00236-00094870-00095200 So we use this blackout box to just
OSBiBVAub4E-00237-00095200-00095536 to be able to see the screen at all.
OSBiBVAub4E-00238-00095536-00095821 Here's another example of the seismic recorder
OSBiBVAub4E-00239-00095821-00096349 in use, last year, in fact, on the shores of Lake Tahoe.
OSBiBVAub4E-00240-00096349-00096919 And so we're just sitting there out in the open.
OSBiBVAub4E-00241-00096919-00097726 And as long as there aren't snow pellets or raindrops hitting
OSBiBVAub4E-00242-00097726-00098065 the tops of the geophones, we can actually
OSBiBVAub4E-00243-00098065-00098609 do this these surveys in whatever whether we can stand.
OSBiBVAub4E-00244-00098609-00098766 OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-00245-00098766-00099616 Now let me let me zoom in to the rest of the slides here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00246-00100101-00100482 So the process here is--
OSBiBVAub4E-00247-00100482-00100632 here we're looking in cross-section.
OSBiBVAub4E-00248-00100632-00100814 We got some sort of reflector down here
OSBiBVAub4E-00249-00100814-00101090 between alluvium and limestone.
OSBiBVAub4E-00250-00101090-00101240 That's what they're representing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00251-00101240-00101405 We set off a seismic source of energy.
OSBiBVAub4E-00252-00101405-00101726 The one here is a charge at the bottom
OSBiBVAub4E-00253-00101726-00102287 of maybe a 10-meter hole.
OSBiBVAub4E-00254-00102287-00102659 That's going to send seismic energy down and straight back
OSBiBVAub4E-00255-00102659-00102709 up.
OSBiBVAub4E-00256-00102709-00102907 And each of these little inverted triangles
OSBiBVAub4E-00257-00102907-00103046 is a geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-00258-00103046-00103471 So we had geophones here and here and all the way across.
OSBiBVAub4E-00259-00103727-00104013 So the reflection is--
OSBiBVAub4E-00260-00104013-00104201 we get one straight down and straight back up
OSBiBVAub4E-00261-00104201-00104343 to the nearest geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-00262-00104343-00104876 That's a 0 offset channel, a 0 offset recording.
OSBiBVAub4E-00263-00104876-00105300 And then also we can send it back down at a larger angle.
OSBiBVAub4E-00264-00105300-00105518 Energy's coming out of the source at all angles,
OSBiBVAub4E-00265-00105518-00106382 whether it's explosion or a hammer hit or Vibroseis.
OSBiBVAub4E-00266-00106382-00106570 And it will bounce off--
OSBiBVAub4E-00267-00106570-00106766 angle of incidence equals angle of reflection--
OSBiBVAub4E-00268-00106766-00107054 bounce off this reflector, and we'll get it at a geophone way
OSBiBVAub4E-00269-00107054-00107244 out here, all right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00270-00107244-00107801 So that's a very basic experiment.
OSBiBVAub4E-00271-00107801-00108083 And it's most efficient, for us, at least,
OSBiBVAub4E-00272-00108083-00108431 given our recording equipment, to set off one source.
OSBiBVAub4E-00273-00108431-00108764 The source tends to be the thing that's expensive,
OSBiBVAub4E-00274-00108764-00109103 and record it at a large number of geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00275-00109103-00109479 That's the most efficient way to do these surveys.
OSBiBVAub4E-00276-00109479-00109806 Now what do we get, then, in this record?
OSBiBVAub4E-00277-00109806-00110178 This is with time going down and distance going across,
OSBiBVAub4E-00278-00110178-00110400 source receiver distance.
OSBiBVAub4E-00279-00110400-00110701 In refraction we call this a time distance plot.
OSBiBVAub4E-00280-00110701-00111130 And we're looking for more than just time now.
OSBiBVAub4E-00281-00111130-00111250 It's the same thing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00282-00111250-00111393 The refractions are up here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00283-00111393-00111840 Here's the first arrivals up at the top at minimum time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00284-00111840-00112283 And we'll have waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00285-00112283-00112740 These slinkies here are representing the surface waves
OSBiBVAub4E-00286-00112740-00113238 that are the Rayleigh waves that are propagating horizontally
OSBiBVAub4E-00287-00113238-00114304 from the source and horizontally along the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-00288-00114304-00114797 The surface waves are typically going to propagate more slowly.
OSBiBVAub4E-00289-00114797-00115321 So from the perspective of reflection,
OSBiBVAub4E-00290-00115321-00115639 not from the perspective of ReMi of course--
OSBiBVAub4E-00291-00115639-00115902 in ReMi we actually use these service waves--
OSBiBVAub4E-00292-00115902-00116061 but in reflection they get in the way.
OSBiBVAub4E-00293-00116061-00116120 They're noise.
OSBiBVAub4E-00294-00116383-00116680 And they're low velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00295-00116680-00117001 So they're a lot lower velocity, and they're steeper
OSBiBVAub4E-00296-00117001-00117226 in the time distance plot.
OSBiBVAub4E-00297-00117226-00117556 They appear more steeply sloping than the first arrivals
OSBiBVAub4E-00298-00117556-00117808 and the refractions.
OSBiBVAub4E-00299-00117808-00118039 And the reflections, compared to them,
OSBiBVAub4E-00300-00118039-00118327 are pretty much going to be flat.
OSBiBVAub4E-00301-00118327-00118567 Now they actually should be hyperbolic,
OSBiBVAub4E-00302-00118567-00118659 like I've described.
OSBiBVAub4E-00303-00118659-00118864 And they should have NMO.
OSBiBVAub4E-00304-00118864-00119223 But not bad to think that they're
OSBiBVAub4E-00305-00119223-00119344 pretty much going to be flat.
OSBiBVAub4E-00306-00119344-00119586 That's not a bad first assumption
OSBiBVAub4E-00307-00119586-00119890 when you're just looking for them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00308-00119890-00120083 Here's one of these wave tests.
OSBiBVAub4E-00309-00120083-00120533 Now you can see the there's actual seismograms in here
OSBiBVAub4E-00310-00120533-00120775 now, although all you can see is where the seismograms are
OSBiBVAub4E-00311-00120775-00120936 positive, it's black.
OSBiBVAub4E-00312-00120936-00121088 Where they're negative, it's white.
OSBiBVAub4E-00313-00121088-00121483 Where it's near 0, it's white.
OSBiBVAub4E-00314-00121483-00121796 And so how do we tell what wave is what?
OSBiBVAub4E-00315-00121796-00122140 Well, the first thing we do is measure some velocities.
OSBiBVAub4E-00316-00122140-00122489 And so this airwave has a velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00317-00122489-00122866 And notice this this is prime per second,
OSBiBVAub4E-00318-00122866-00122992 so that's feet per second.
OSBiBVAub4E-00319-00122992-00123208 Velocity is 1170 feet per second.
OSBiBVAub4E-00320-00123615-00124260 That's right about 330 meters per second.
OSBiBVAub4E-00321-00124260-00124504 And so that tells us it's an air wave,
OSBiBVAub4E-00322-00124504-00124831 not only because it's straight, but because of the velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-00323-00124831-00125001 itself.
OSBiBVAub4E-00324-00125001-00125419 The first arrival, because it's a first arrival,
OSBiBVAub4E-00325-00125419-00125856 we see that's the refraction.
OSBiBVAub4E-00326-00125856-00126220 The first arrival is, by definition, a refraction.
OSBiBVAub4E-00327-00126220-00126493 Could be a direct wave, but usually by the time we see it,
OSBiBVAub4E-00328-00126493-00126802 it's a refraction.
OSBiBVAub4E-00329-00126802-00127300 And then there's these other straight waves
OSBiBVAub4E-00330-00127300-00127392 that are other things.
OSBiBVAub4E-00331-00127392-00127760 These are various modes of Rayleigh wave or other surface
OSBiBVAub4E-00332-00127760-00128254 waves, S waves and all that, not uncommon at all.
OSBiBVAub4E-00333-00128254-00128902 And up here is a reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-00334-00128902-00129250 Can you see it's got a little bit of normal moveout, right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00335-00129250-00129459 It's getting flatter up here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00336-00129459-00129752 We can't see it so well through the rayleigh waves and the air
OSBiBVAub4E-00337-00129752-00129802 waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00338-00129802-00130003 But it's flatter up here, and it's
OSBiBVAub4E-00339-00130003-00130210 asymptotic to the first arrival.
OSBiBVAub4E-00340-00130210-00130402 So there's a reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-00341-00130402-00130560 And there's probably other reflections
OSBiBVAub4E-00342-00130560-00130744 that are almost parallel to it down further,
OSBiBVAub4E-00343-00130744-00131178 but they're obscured by the noise.
OSBiBVAub4E-00344-00131178-00131616 But these are the factors that allow us to identify
OSBiBVAub4E-00345-00131616-00131887 what's in our records.
OSBiBVAub4E-00346-00131887-00132018 What is each wave?
OSBiBVAub4E-00347-00132018-00132156 Well, gotta look at the velocity,
OSBiBVAub4E-00348-00132156-00132414 gotta look at whether it's a first arrival.
OSBiBVAub4E-00349-00132414-00132681 You also look at its relative frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00350-00132681-00133143 And you want to find reflections for reflection survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-00351-00133143-00133512 So then you look for that hyperbolic NMO,
OSBiBVAub4E-00352-00133512-00133680 flat at the top.
OSBiBVAub4E-00353-00133680-00134067 Here's another example of a reflection record.
OSBiBVAub4E-00354-00134067-00134235 So how do we know this is a refraction?
OSBiBVAub4E-00355-00134235-00134497 Well, it's the first arrival.
OSBiBVAub4E-00356-00134497-00134706 How do we know these are rayleigh waves down here?
OSBiBVAub4E-00357-00134706-00134904 Because they're very slow.
OSBiBVAub4E-00358-00134904-00135071 They're steep.
OSBiBVAub4E-00359-00135071-00135246 Maybe one of these is actually an airwave.
OSBiBVAub4E-00360-00135246-00136053 But we'd have to take a look at exactly where--
OSBiBVAub4E-00361-00136482-00136624 we have to have a horizontal scale
OSBiBVAub4E-00362-00136624-00136778 to be able to calculate the velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00363-00136778-00137089 We've got the time scale, but not the horizontal scale.
OSBiBVAub4E-00364-00137089-00137527 And then reflections are the ones that are almost flat.
OSBiBVAub4E-00365-00137527-00137855 But then you can see some significant normal moveout here
OSBiBVAub4E-00366-00137855-00138181 that are becoming hyperbolic to the refraction.
OSBiBVAub4E-00367-00138181-00138452 So there's some good reflections in there kind of in the middle
OSBiBVAub4E-00368-00138452-00138748 the record, a little bit obscured by the rayleigh waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00369-00139009-00139340 Now to successfully make a recording like this, where
OSBiBVAub4E-00370-00139340-00139495 we can actually tell what's going on,
OSBiBVAub4E-00371-00139495-00139885 we can measure velocity without too much uncertainty--
OSBiBVAub4E-00372-00139885-00140428 I mean, to get rid of these Rayleigh waves,
OSBiBVAub4E-00373-00140428-00140632 even though we don't want them, if we
OSBiBVAub4E-00374-00140632-00140891 want to try to filter them out, we got to record them well.
OSBiBVAub4E-00375-00140891-00140941 so?
OSBiBVAub4E-00376-00140941-00141007 How about that?
OSBiBVAub4E-00377-00141007-00141349 So we have to take some pains, very often,
OSBiBVAub4E-00378-00141349-00141847 to record the part of the data we don't want because unless we
OSBiBVAub4E-00379-00141847-00142396 record it well, we're not going to be able to remove it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00380-00142396-00142706 It's going to be noise that looks less coherent
OSBiBVAub4E-00381-00142706-00142995 and is harder to handle.
OSBiBVAub4E-00382-00142995-00143169 So we've got to pay some attention
OSBiBVAub4E-00383-00143169-00143756 to how well we record these waves in space as well as time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00384-00143756-00144454 So notice that-- go back to this wave test here--
OSBiBVAub4E-00385-00144454-00144650 all right, if I come down one seismogram, which
OSBiBVAub4E-00386-00144650-00145088 is one vertical stripe, I go positives, which are dark,
OSBiBVAub4E-00387-00145088-00145289 and negatives, which are light.
OSBiBVAub4E-00388-00145289-00145481 And on this plot we're not seeing
OSBiBVAub4E-00389-00145481-00145877 the intermediate amplitudes, but that's OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-00390-00145877-00146000 But they're there.
OSBiBVAub4E-00391-00146000-00146096 They're in the data.
OSBiBVAub4E-00392-00146096-00146381 So positive negative, positive negative, positive negative.
OSBiBVAub4E-00393-00146381-00146492 It's a wave.
OSBiBVAub4E-00394-00146492-00146708 It's swinging back and forth.
OSBiBVAub4E-00395-00146708-00147137 And there's a wavelength there in time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00396-00147137-00147431 As I'm going down the record, I'm
OSBiBVAub4E-00397-00147431-00147875 going to larger and larger times, which presumably would
OSBiBVAub4E-00398-00147875-00148089 be connected to reflections that are coming
OSBiBVAub4E-00399-00148089-00148214 from deeper and deeper depths.
OSBiBVAub4E-00400-00148214-00148539 That's why we plot time increasing down.
OSBiBVAub4E-00401-00148539-00149133 But notice that I can also go across from left to right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00402-00149133-00149304 And I can see the same thing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00403-00149709-00150009 OK, up here, positive, negative, positive, negative.
OSBiBVAub4E-00404-00150009-00150664 As I work my way across, I'm also seeing a wave.
OSBiBVAub4E-00405-00150664-00151254 So the waves-- they're wavy in time as we'd expect.
OSBiBVAub4E-00406-00151254-00151507 They're also wavy in space.
OSBiBVAub4E-00407-00151507-00151689 And with a record like this, where
OSBiBVAub4E-00408-00151689-00152235 we've got lots and lots of recordings,
OSBiBVAub4E-00409-00152235-00152750 we have just as good a recording in space as we do in time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00410-00152750-00152971 Well, how do we know we have just as good a recording
OSBiBVAub4E-00411-00152971-00153180 in space as we do in time, all right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00412-00153180-00153356 Now on the bottom of this--
OSBiBVAub4E-00413-00153356-00153774 this is another Kallweit and Wood diagram--
OSBiBVAub4E-00414-00153774-00154449 so notice here it's time t is the axis to the right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00415-00154449-00154659 So now we're plotting time to the right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00416-00154659-00155115 And here's the wave amplitude, goes up and down positive,
OSBiBVAub4E-00417-00155115-00155265 negative.
OSBiBVAub4E-00418-00155265-00155433 That's fine.
OSBiBVAub4E-00419-00155433-00155790 And we can take the peak to peak time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00420-00155790-00156006 This is the Greek letter tau.
OSBiBVAub4E-00421-00156006-00156231 It's a small tau, actually.
OSBiBVAub4E-00422-00156231-00156684 And that tau is the period.
OSBiBVAub4E-00423-00156684-00156999 And the temporal frequency that you're used to,
OSBiBVAub4E-00424-00156999-00157343 the frequency in hertz, per second,
OSBiBVAub4E-00425-00157343-00157635 or rotations per second or cycles per second,
OSBiBVAub4E-00426-00157635-00158222 is is the inverse of that temporal period,
OSBiBVAub4E-00427-00158222-00158343 the temporal frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00428-00158343-00158625 Well, in space-- now x is going to the right
OSBiBVAub4E-00429-00158625-00158805 just like it did up above.
OSBiBVAub4E-00430-00158805-00159123 x is going to the right--
OSBiBVAub4E-00431-00159123-00159403 we have the same thing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00432-00159403-00159703 There's positive, negative, positive, negative.
OSBiBVAub4E-00433-00159703-00160089 And there's a wavelength here, which now we
OSBiBVAub4E-00434-00160089-00160330 call it lambda, a length, because it is a length.
OSBiBVAub4E-00435-00160330-00160654 It's along the x-axis, right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00436-00160654-00161034 And here's some equations for cosines
OSBiBVAub4E-00437-00161034-00161268 that could define these waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00438-00161268-00162246 So just like we have a temporal period,
OSBiBVAub4E-00439-00162246-00162675 we have a spatial wavelength, lambda, Greek letter lambda.
OSBiBVAub4E-00440-00162675-00162933 And 1 over lambda is a spatial frequency,
OSBiBVAub4E-00441-00162933-00163257 which often I call k.
OSBiBVAub4E-00442-00163257-00163728 so f-k, that's temporal and spatial frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00443-00164037-00164346 So just some terms there.
OSBiBVAub4E-00444-00164346-00164670 Now how do we record these waves well?
OSBiBVAub4E-00445-00164670-00165177 And what we're trying to do is we're sampling waves in time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00446-00165177-00165336 And with our modern seismographs we
OSBiBVAub4E-00447-00165336-00166218 can sample those waves in time every 10 or 50 microseconds
OSBiBVAub4E-00448-00166218-00166455 if we want to.
OSBiBVAub4E-00449-00166455-00166998 Our even our old 1996 vintage Bison recorder can sample those
OSBiBVAub4E-00450-00166998-00167564 waves at 50 microseconds, way less than a millisecond.
OSBiBVAub4E-00451-00167864-00168359 And for most of work we're doing,
OSBiBVAub4E-00452-00168359-00168600 a tenth of a millisecond, 100 microseconds,
OSBiBVAub4E-00453-00168600-00168926 is way more than we need.
OSBiBVAub4E-00454-00168926-00169415 So if we take our hour time sampling interval,
OSBiBVAub4E-00455-00169415-00169856 which we set when we program the seismograph-- that's a delta t,
OSBiBVAub4E-00456-00169856-00170165 and I said that might be 50 microseconds--
OSBiBVAub4E-00457-00170165-00170573 well, if I'm recording at 50 microseconds,
OSBiBVAub4E-00458-00170573-00171654 then what temporal frequencies am I able to represent?
OSBiBVAub4E-00459-00171654-00171843 Well, there's going to be a top limit
OSBiBVAub4E-00460-00171843-00171960 on the temporal frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00461-00171960-00172260 I think I've talked about this a little bit before.
OSBiBVAub4E-00462-00172260-00172422 That's called the Nyquist frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00463-00172422-00173172 That's the top frequency recording
OSBiBVAub4E-00464-00173172-00173457 at this delta t will represent.
OSBiBVAub4E-00465-00173457-00174285 So if I'm recording at 50 microseconds, that's, what
OSBiBVAub4E-00466-00174285-00174757 is it, 1/20 of a millisecond.
OSBiBVAub4E-00467-00174757-00175849 So my sample frequency is 20,000 Hertz.
OSBiBVAub4E-00468-00175849-00176101 But I've got to divide that by 2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00469-00176101-00176653 So even with that 50-microsecond recording,
OSBiBVAub4E-00470-00176653-00176968 the top frequency that will be represented in my digitized
OSBiBVAub4E-00471-00176968-00177590 data at that delta t is 10,000 hertz, 10 kilohertz,
OSBiBVAub4E-00472-00177590-00177682 which in terms--
OSBiBVAub4E-00473-00177682-00178060 if you were recording music, say, that's pretty lousy.
OSBiBVAub4E-00474-00178060-00178774 That's hardly cell phone quality voice digitizing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00475-00178774-00179356 But for seismics, we're often looking for maybe--
OSBiBVAub4E-00476-00179356-00180016 it's been a really hard go try to get more than 500
OSBiBVAub4E-00477-00180016-00180433 hertz frequency for real.
OSBiBVAub4E-00478-00180433-00181044 And so at 500 hertz, if I put in 500 hertz
OSBiBVAub4E-00479-00181044-00181437 here for the Nyquist frequency, then multiply by two,
OSBiBVAub4E-00480-00181437-00181623 and that's 1,000 hertz, that means
OSBiBVAub4E-00481-00181623-00181908 that I can sample at one-millisecond intervals
OSBiBVAub4E-00482-00181908-00182217 and do just fine.
OSBiBVAub4E-00483-00182217-00182379 So easy with a seismograph.
OSBiBVAub4E-00484-00182379-00182811 We can almost have any Nyquist frequency we want.
OSBiBVAub4E-00485-00182811-00183096 We just have to you know dial down our delta t
OSBiBVAub4E-00486-00183096-00183417 to accommodate higher frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-00487-00183417-00183993 Spatial frequency is much more difficult to have,
OSBiBVAub4E-00488-00183993-00184401 high spatial frequencies, because spatial aliasing is
OSBiBVAub4E-00489-00184401-00184587 much more difficult to avoid.
OSBiBVAub4E-00490-00184587-00184903 Why is that?
OSBiBVAub4E-00491-00184903-00184953 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00492-00184953-00185466 Our spatial Nyquist frequency, k Nyquist, right here,
OSBiBVAub4E-00493-00185466-00185674 is 1 over 2 delta x.
OSBiBVAub4E-00494-00186451-00186987 So the problem there is that all right,
OSBiBVAub4E-00495-00186987-00187284 so you can get up to a higher spatial frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-00496-00187284-00187797 if you have a smaller delta x.
OSBiBVAub4E-00497-00187797-00188346 Well, if we go down to one meter,
OSBiBVAub4E-00498-00188346-00188847 or as we had here, half a meter, for that really tight survey
OSBiBVAub4E-00499-00188847-00189216 that I showed you the picture of with Mayo Thompson,
OSBiBVAub4E-00500-00189216-00189852 then our highest spatial frequency is 1 per meter,
OSBiBVAub4E-00501-00189852-00190260 I mean, temporal frequency is is per second right, hertz,
OSBiBVAub4E-00502-00190260-00190587 and there isn't a special name for spatial frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-00503-00190587-00190821 per meter.
OSBiBVAub4E-00504-00190821-00191036 So that means cycles per meter.
OSBiBVAub4E-00505-00191036-00191542 So our minimum wavelength is one meter.
OSBiBVAub4E-00506-00191542-00191778 And that's when we're sampling.
OSBiBVAub4E-00507-00191778-00191994 We've got to sample these twice per wavelength,
OSBiBVAub4E-00508-00191994-00192231 and that's twice for horizontal wavelength.
OSBiBVAub4E-00509-00192231-00192792 So anything that is at a higher frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-00510-00192792-00193422 than one per meter, one cycle per meter, we couldn't get it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00511-00193422-00193638 It would be spatially aliased.
OSBiBVAub4E-00512-00193638-00194214 But half a meter spacing between geophones, that's a small as we
OSBiBVAub4E-00513-00194214-00194454 can go, really, with the kind of equipment that we have.
OSBiBVAub4E-00514-00194706-00195046 It's really tough to try to imagine sampling less
OSBiBVAub4E-00515-00195046-00195096 than that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00516-00195405-00195842 But it may not be enough.
OSBiBVAub4E-00517-00195842-00196196 And even if we had the equipment,
OSBiBVAub4E-00518-00196196-00196373 if you want to sample twice as often,
OSBiBVAub4E-00519-00196373-00196710 but you want to record out to the same distances
OSBiBVAub4E-00520-00196710-00196910 because you want to see those first arrivals out
OSBiBVAub4E-00521-00196910-00197471 to larger distances to see those refractions,
OSBiBVAub4E-00522-00197471-00197859 give you velocity information down to your target depth,
OSBiBVAub4E-00523-00197859-00197909 maybe.
OSBiBVAub4E-00524-00198169-00198472 And if you keep cutting delta x that means
OSBiBVAub4E-00525-00198472-00198704 you got to keep increasing the number of channels.
OSBiBVAub4E-00526-00198704-00198946 And for every channel on the ground,
OSBiBVAub4E-00527-00198946-00199186 you've got to put a geophone into the ground,
OSBiBVAub4E-00528-00199186-00199357 and you've got to have a cable to connect
OSBiBVAub4E-00529-00199357-00199532 it to and a take out.
OSBiBVAub4E-00530-00199532-00200017 So it's no problem to reduce delta t.
OSBiBVAub4E-00531-00200017-00200491 It's a huge problem, it costs money, to reduce delta x
OSBiBVAub4E-00532-00200491-00200845 and try to get rid of spatial aliasing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00533-00201222-00202426 So let's solve this equation and include an additional factor.
OSBiBVAub4E-00534-00202704-00203097 So we have to use a delta x, an interval between our geophones,
OSBiBVAub4E-00535-00203097-00203355 a distance between our geophones, that's less than
OSBiBVAub4E-00536-00203355-00203742 or equal to this equation here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00537-00203742-00204737 And this is now trying to factor in the geometry
OSBiBVAub4E-00538-00204737-00204862 of our recording.
OSBiBVAub4E-00539-00204862-00205151 So if we're recording out to great distances--
OSBiBVAub4E-00540-00205151-00205590 let me go back up here--
OSBiBVAub4E-00541-00205590-00206092 if we're recording to great distances,
OSBiBVAub4E-00542-00206092-00206686 then if we're recording just straight down
OSBiBVAub4E-00543-00206686-00206957 and the reflections come straight back up,
OSBiBVAub4E-00544-00206957-00207123 the emergence angle of those reflections
OSBiBVAub4E-00545-00207123-00207642 is going to be 0, 0 degrees from the vertical.
OSBiBVAub4E-00546-00207642-00208017 So the emergence angles that I'll call theta is 0.
OSBiBVAub4E-00547-00208017-00208271 But if we need these longer offsets,
OSBiBVAub4E-00548-00208271-00208482 we're trying to get some NMO information,
OSBiBVAub4E-00549-00208482-00209192 so we need to see that opening up of the triangle.
OSBiBVAub4E-00550-00209192-00209546 Then we need that larger emergence angle,
OSBiBVAub4E-00551-00209546-00209841 and that emergence angle here, it's
OSBiBVAub4E-00552-00209841-00210279 like 60 degrees, 60 degrees from vertical.
OSBiBVAub4E-00553-00210279-00210329 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00554-00210329-00210694 That's where we run into trouble.
OSBiBVAub4E-00555-00210694-00210791 And here it is.
OSBiBVAub4E-00556-00211527-00211621 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00557-00211621-00212305 So now if we have an emergence angle of 0,
OSBiBVAub4E-00558-00212305-00212529 we're only interested in recording straight
OSBiBVAub4E-00559-00212529-00212617 down and straight up.
OSBiBVAub4E-00560-00212617-00213040 That's what, like, the CHIRP device does.
OSBiBVAub4E-00561-00213040-00213144 The emergence angle is 0.
OSBiBVAub4E-00562-00213144-00213292 The sine of 0 is 0.
OSBiBVAub4E-00563-00213292-00213433 That means we're dividing by 0.
OSBiBVAub4E-00564-00213433-00213723 Basically, delta x is infinite.
OSBiBVAub4E-00565-00213723-00213973 What the heck does that mean?
OSBiBVAub4E-00566-00213973-00214355 That means that we could just use one geophone, you know?
OSBiBVAub4E-00567-00214355-00214692 And there could be an infinite distance to the second one.
OSBiBVAub4E-00568-00214692-00215121 So one geophone gets us, for what's
OSBiBVAub4E-00569-00215121-00215416 called normal reflection, reflections going straight
OSBiBVAub4E-00570-00215416-00215728 down, bouncing off a flat reflector
OSBiBVAub4E-00571-00215728-00216004 and coming straight back up.
OSBiBVAub4E-00572-00216004-00216241 We don't need to worry about how many geophones
OSBiBVAub4E-00573-00216241-00216498 or how far spaced they are.
OSBiBVAub4E-00574-00216498-00216703 What about that 60 degrees?
OSBiBVAub4E-00575-00216703-00217757 Let's say I wanted to represent a frequency of 100 hertz,
OSBiBVAub4E-00576-00217757-00217877 fairly high.
OSBiBVAub4E-00577-00217877-00218162 Maybe I need that kind of resolution.
OSBiBVAub4E-00578-00218162-00218588 And I've got typical 2000 meter per second velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-00579-00218588-00218763 in alluvium around here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00580-00218763-00219394 All right so the sine of 60 degrees is--
OSBiBVAub4E-00581-00219394-00219463 let's see.
OSBiBVAub4E-00582-00219769-00220307 That's about 2/3, 0.6.
OSBiBVAub4E-00583-00220307-00220508 So we got 2000 divided by 2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00584-00220508-00221254 That's 1,000 divided by our maximum frequency is 100 hertz.
OSBiBVAub4E-00585-00221254-00221377 So 1,000 divided by 100.
OSBiBVAub4E-00586-00221377-00221723 We got to 10 left.
OSBiBVAub4E-00587-00221723-00222248 And then we divide by 60 degrees,
OSBiBVAub4E-00588-00222248-00222540 or divide by the sine of 60 degrees.
OSBiBVAub4E-00589-00222540-00222803 So that's about three halves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00590-00222803-00224042 And so the larger the angle, the larger that sine will be.
OSBiBVAub4E-00591-00224042-00224734 It's on the denominator, so it's going
OSBiBVAub4E-00592-00224734-00225721 to make our delta x smaller.
OSBiBVAub4E-00593-00225721-00226279 So at 60 degrees, at 100 hertz, with 2000 meters per second,
OSBiBVAub4E-00594-00226279-00226767 we're looking at maybe 15 meters that we have
OSBiBVAub4E-00595-00226767-00227223 to put our geophones apart.
OSBiBVAub4E-00596-00227223-00228045 But that's for a reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-00597-00228502-00228865 What if we're looking at a Rayleigh wave that's traveling
OSBiBVAub4E-00598-00228865-00229348 at only 200 meters a second?
OSBiBVAub4E-00599-00229348-00229459 So let's do it again.
OSBiBVAub4E-00600-00229944-00230388 And in the lab data that we're working on for refraction,
OSBiBVAub4E-00601-00230388-00230606 you can see Rayleigh waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00602-00230606-00231056 We'll work on it again for ReMi, in our ReMi lab.
OSBiBVAub4E-00603-00231056-00231271 And those rayleigh waves have velocities
OSBiBVAub4E-00604-00231271-00231467 of about 200 meters per second.
OSBiBVAub4E-00605-00231467-00231903 And maybe we're still trying to look at 100 hertz.
OSBiBVAub4E-00606-00231903-00232148 So 200 meters per second divided by 2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00607-00232148-00232353 We've got 100 left.
OSBiBVAub4E-00608-00232353-00232638 Divide by 100, we got one left.
OSBiBVAub4E-00609-00232638-00233214 Divide by the sine of 60 degrees, and yeah,
OSBiBVAub4E-00610-00233214-00233314 it's getting pretty bad.
OSBiBVAub4E-00611-00233314-00233835 It's a meter and a half for delta x.
OSBiBVAub4E-00612-00233835-00234153 And if we're trying to record over a whole basin that's, say,
OSBiBVAub4E-00613-00234153-00234430 five kilometers wide, that's pretty bad.
OSBiBVAub4E-00614-00234430-00234835 We'd have to put down 5,000 channels, at least
OSBiBVAub4E-00615-00234835-00235161 3,000 channels to record that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00616-00235161-00235614 And that's maybe more than we than we think we can afford,
OSBiBVAub4E-00617-00235614-00235966 although becoming more and more common.
OSBiBVAub4E-00618-00235966-00236238 Just a little more discussion of apparent velocity variations
OSBiBVAub4E-00619-00236238-00236330 due to emergent angle.
OSBiBVAub4E-00620-00236613-00237069 The apparent velocity that we see depends--
OSBiBVAub4E-00621-00237069-00237248 it's the radial velocity of the propagation
OSBiBVAub4E-00622-00237248-00237651 of the wave divided by the sine of its emergent angle.
OSBiBVAub4E-00623-00237651-00237936 So that's the apparent velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00624-00237936-00238500 So at an emergent angle of 0, we have an apparent velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-00625-00238500-00238662 that's infinite--
OSBiBVAub4E-00626-00238662-00238989 it hits the wave front coming up here,
OSBiBVAub4E-00627-00238989-00239348 hits all these receivers at the same time, infinite velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00628-00239606-00239790 So one receiver is just as good as the other
OSBiBVAub4E-00629-00239790-00240006 for recording this wave that's coming straight
OSBiBVAub4E-00630-00240006-00240273 up at the array.
OSBiBVAub4E-00631-00240273-00241196 You go to 45 degrees, you get a lower, but still pretty high
OSBiBVAub4E-00632-00241196-00241410 apparent velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00633-00241410-00241746 And then at 90 degrees, you get your minimum apparent velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00634-00241746-00242463 The apparent velocity is equal to the the rock velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00635-00242463-00242946 So the more horizontal the wave propagation,
OSBiBVAub4E-00636-00242946-00243489 the lower its velocity will be, and its apparent velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-00637-00243489-00243783 won't be any more than the true velocity.
OSBiBVAub4E-00638-00243783-00244281 Now remember, the sine of any angle is is 1 or less.
OSBiBVAub4E-00639-00244281-00244694 So the apparent velocity, its absolute minimum
OSBiBVAub4E-00640-00244694-00245094 is the true rock velocity V. And it can go up from there.
OSBiBVAub4E-00641-00245094-00245265 It can be infinite.
OSBiBVAub4E-00642-00245585-00246192 So you can very easily draw in this image source.
OSBiBVAub4E-00643-00246192-00246463 Here's a flat reflector.
OSBiBVAub4E-00644-00246463-00246706 And so using that mirror, you can extend it back
OSBiBVAub4E-00645-00246706-00247171 and you can get the emergent angles just that way.
OSBiBVAub4E-00646-00247171-00247471 And the farther the offset--
OSBiBVAub4E-00647-00247471-00247708 I almost forgot about the point I wanted to make here--
OSBiBVAub4E-00648-00247708-00248396 the farther the offset, the greater the emergent angle,
OSBiBVAub4E-00649-00248396-00248885 and the closer we'll have to put the geophones to avoid
OSBiBVAub4E-00650-00248885-00249073 spatial aliasing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00651-00249073-00249512 Here near the shot, to record this reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-00652-00249512-00249809 at the near 0 emergent angle, we could
OSBiBVAub4E-00653-00249809-00249938 have very sparse geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00654-00249938-00250175 But out here at further distances,
OSBiBVAub4E-00655-00250175-00250475 we got to have very close geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00656-00250475-00250865 And there's where a lot of the costs of a seismic reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-00657-00250865-00250934 survey come.
OSBiBVAub4E-00658-00251511-00251814 So let me give you a list of the procedures you
OSBiBVAub4E-00659-00251814-00252404 need to follow to acquire a seismic reflection survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-00660-00252404-00253246 And I'll make some comments about what we'll do this year.
OSBiBVAub4E-00661-00253246-00253489 So step one is permitting.
OSBiBVAub4E-00662-00253489-00253736 You've got to decide where your line is going to go,
OSBiBVAub4E-00663-00253736-00253998 and of course, who's going to pay for it
OSBiBVAub4E-00664-00253998-00254244 and what its purpose is.
OSBiBVAub4E-00665-00254244-00254782 And then you can lay out its path and the answers
OSBiBVAub4E-00666-00254782-00255241 to questions like what kinds of sources are you using,
OSBiBVAub4E-00667-00255241-00255448 what kinds of receivers.
OSBiBVAub4E-00668-00255448-00255730 Are you going to be having to bury your receivers
OSBiBVAub4E-00669-00255730-00255835 or drill in your sources?
OSBiBVAub4E-00670-00256114-00256333 And then you've got to go and ask
OSBiBVAub4E-00671-00256333-00256663 the landowners for permission.
OSBiBVAub4E-00672-00256663-00256966 And there's really hardly anywhere
OSBiBVAub4E-00673-00256966-00257323 where we don't have to ask permission anymore.
OSBiBVAub4E-00674-00257323-00257898 We are going to do this this year's surveying on Indian land
OSBiBVAub4E-00675-00257898-00258123 in the Walker River Indian Reservation,
OSBiBVAub4E-00676-00258123-00258391 I believe, out of Schurz.
OSBiBVAub4E-00677-00258391-00258889 And we want to make sure we have things arranged so that they
OSBiBVAub4E-00678-00258889-00259167 know we're going to be there and they're
OSBiBVAub4E-00679-00259167-00259705 satisfied with what we're doing, and everybody will be happy.
OSBiBVAub4E-00680-00259705-00260176 So permitting, especially if you're
OSBiBVAub4E-00681-00260176-00260698 permitting a survey for oil and gas extraction
OSBiBVAub4E-00682-00260698-00260892 across private land, you're going
OSBiBVAub4E-00683-00260892-00261178 to have to pay the landowners for access.
OSBiBVAub4E-00684-00261178-00261431 They expect that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00685-00261431-00261586 And so it's part of the budget.
OSBiBVAub4E-00686-00261844-00262220 Then there's surveying.
OSBiBVAub4E-00687-00262220-00262751 And for us, that involves laying out
OSBiBVAub4E-00688-00262751-00263444 100 or 200 locations for each channel, each flag,
OSBiBVAub4E-00689-00263444-00263999 we'll call it, each source and receiver location.
OSBiBVAub4E-00690-00263999-00264386 We might call them VPs for vibrator points.
OSBiBVAub4E-00691-00264386-00264602 We might just call them flags.
OSBiBVAub4E-00692-00264602-00264789 And we number them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00693-00264789-00265009 And usually we want to follow a path,
OSBiBVAub4E-00694-00265009-00265490 and and we want to put to all those source and receiver
OSBiBVAub4E-00695-00265490-00265940 locations at that constant delta x spacing
OSBiBVAub4E-00696-00265940-00266267 that we determine we need.
OSBiBVAub4E-00697-00266267-00266623 And so typically I have two people chain that out
OSBiBVAub4E-00698-00266623-00266707 with a tape measure.
OSBiBVAub4E-00699-00266707-00267017 So we'll find out how to do that in the field.
OSBiBVAub4E-00700-00267017-00267495 Then, if you're using drilled shot holes,
OSBiBVAub4E-00701-00267495-00267620 you've got to do the drilling.
OSBiBVAub4E-00702-00267620-00268310 And usually most shooters will also
OSBiBVAub4E-00703-00268310-00268596 load the holes with explosive.
OSBiBVAub4E-00704-00268596-00268751 If it's a remote enough area, they'll
OSBiBVAub4E-00705-00268751-00268967 load the holes at the same time.
OSBiBVAub4E-00706-00268967-00269384 That way they can fire them off quickly in sequence when
OSBiBVAub4E-00707-00269384-00269612 they're actually recording.
OSBiBVAub4E-00708-00269612-00269906 Step three could be mobilizing the vibrators,
OSBiBVAub4E-00709-00269906-00270317 or getting the vibrators to the field area.
OSBiBVAub4E-00710-00270627-00271008 And then number four is labor intensive,
OSBiBVAub4E-00711-00271008-00271386 and you can't record any data until you've got it done.
OSBiBVAub4E-00712-00271386-00271634 For us, we're going to have to lay out
OSBiBVAub4E-00713-00271634-00271902 two 24-channel seismic cables, and we're
OSBiBVAub4E-00714-00271902-00273254 going to have to install a total of six times 48 geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00715-00273254-00273764 So it takes a couple hours, even with 10 people.
OSBiBVAub4E-00716-00273764-00273972 And then we record.
OSBiBVAub4E-00717-00273972-00274379 And for us, that's also pretty labor
OSBiBVAub4E-00718-00274379-00275129 intensive because we record 10 shots, usually, per flag,
OSBiBVAub4E-00719-00275129-00275465 per source point at each flag.
OSBiBVAub4E-00720-00275465-00275729 And so the recording is probably,
OSBiBVAub4E-00721-00275729-00276095 for a 100- or 200-meter-long reflection line,
OSBiBVAub4E-00722-00276095-00276692 is going to take all day, and will involve maybe
OSBiBVAub4E-00723-00276692-00276962 1,000 hammer hits.
OSBiBVAub4E-00724-00276962-00277271 So one person can't do all that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00725-00277271-00277403 It takes a while.
OSBiBVAub4E-00726-00277403-00277682 And then hopefully we have time to pick everything
OSBiBVAub4E-00727-00277682-00278012 up and remove all the cable at the end of the day.
OSBiBVAub4E-00728-00278012-00278914 Because the little desert rats, pack rats or kangaroo rats down
OSBiBVAub4E-00729-00278914-00279379 in southern Nevada, they just love to chew on those cables.
OSBiBVAub4E-00730-00279379-00279617 If there's cattle in the area, yeah, they'll
OSBiBVAub4E-00731-00279617-00279922 try to eat the cables, the geophones, everything,
OSBiBVAub4E-00732-00279922-00280068 make a real mess of your equipment.
OSBiBVAub4E-00733-00280068-00280473 So you've got to pick it up before nightfall.
OSBiBVAub4E-00734-00280473-00280799 A lot of places we can only get permits
OSBiBVAub4E-00735-00280799-00281228 if we promise to have everything picked up
OSBiBVAub4E-00736-00281228-00281945 before the end of the day, leave no equipment out there.
OSBiBVAub4E-00737-00281945-00282390 So just some examples of layouts.
OSBiBVAub4E-00738-00282390-00282776 This is a off-end spread or single-end spread.
OSBiBVAub4E-00739-00282776-00283052 Spread is really the configuration
OSBiBVAub4E-00740-00283052-00283439 of the cable versus the source.
OSBiBVAub4E-00741-00283439-00283844 And in most seismic surveys, you actually keep--
OSBiBVAub4E-00742-00283844-00284075 this is kind of a 2D concept here,
OSBiBVAub4E-00743-00284075-00284255 obviously, which is the kind of survey
OSBiBVAub4E-00744-00284255-00284417 that we're going to do--
OSBiBVAub4E-00745-00284417-00284837 in most surveys you keep this relative geometry the same,
OSBiBVAub4E-00746-00284837-00285245 and you march the source and all the receivers
OSBiBVAub4E-00747-00285245-00285518 down along the line.
OSBiBVAub4E-00748-00285518-00285965 So you collect data from one shot point, maybe 10 hits
OSBiBVAub4E-00749-00285965-00286380 or maybe four vibrator sweeps.
OSBiBVAub4E-00750-00286380-00286841 And then you move the whole thing up,
OSBiBVAub4E-00751-00286841-00287318 you pick up the back channel of geophones,
OSBiBVAub4E-00752-00287318-00287555 and you put those out ahead.
OSBiBVAub4E-00753-00287555-00287915 And they connect into the cable that is continuing down
OSBiBVAub4E-00754-00287915-00288026 the landscape.
OSBiBVAub4E-00755-00288026-00288437 And you move the shots ahead, the vibrators ahead,
OSBiBVAub4E-00756-00288437-00289148 or you move the plate for the hammer hits up by one interval.
OSBiBVAub4E-00757-00289445-00290603 Here is a photo of a single-end spread.
OSBiBVAub4E-00758-00290603-00290987 So he's hitting the plate.
OSBiBVAub4E-00759-00290987-00291179 There's the plate.
OSBiBVAub4E-00760-00291179-00291488 He's going with a sledgehammer.
OSBiBVAub4E-00761-00291488-00291617 There's the plate.
OSBiBVAub4E-00762-00291617-00292091 And here are-- this very tight cluster of--
OSBiBVAub4E-00763-00292091-00292478 that's probably 24 channels, at least,
OSBiBVAub4E-00764-00292478-00292979 that have been laid out off the end of the shot.
OSBiBVAub4E-00765-00293241-00293836 But we can also do what's called a split spread.
OSBiBVAub4E-00766-00293836-00294265 And that's where we put our shot point
OSBiBVAub4E-00767-00294265-00294703 in the middle of an existing line of geophones,
OSBiBVAub4E-00768-00294703-00294961 and we can march along this way, too.
OSBiBVAub4E-00769-00294961-00295456 This is good if we have a variety of dips.
OSBiBVAub4E-00770-00295456-00295762 For reflection purposes, too, I like to shoot up dip.
OSBiBVAub4E-00771-00295762-00295943 And if there are dips in both directions,
OSBiBVAub4E-00772-00295943-00296357 then often you need some kind of split spread.
OSBiBVAub4E-00773-00296357-00296407 and
OSBiBVAub4E-00774-00296407-00296973 And let's get this picture visible.
OSBiBVAub4E-00775-00296973-00297725 And so here we are splitting the spread at Lake Tahoe
OSBiBVAub4E-00776-00297725-00297911 last spring break.
OSBiBVAub4E-00777-00297911-00298508 We can see there's geophones behind Russell Carr
OSBiBVAub4E-00778-00298508-00298838 and in front of Russell Carr.
OSBiBVAub4E-00779-00298838-00299177 And he's hitting a plate that's just a few centimeters
OSBiBVAub4E-00780-00299177-00299531 from the geophones, but he did a good job, along
OSBiBVAub4E-00781-00299531-00299828 with the others, and did not hit any geophones
OSBiBVAub4E-00782-00299828-00299954 with the sledgehammer.
OSBiBVAub4E-00783-00300409-00300913 So those are efficient ways--
OSBiBVAub4E-00784-00300913-00302002 off-end spread, and it's called a roll along spread is when you
OSBiBVAub4E-00785-00302002-00302068 actually--
OSBiBVAub4E-00786-00303009-00303151 so it's called a roll along spread
OSBiBVAub4E-00787-00303151-00305295 when you make this relative geometry, if I can get it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00788-00305548-00306331 And you take it across the landscape.
OSBiBVAub4E-00789-00306331-00306955 So we keep a constant distance between the source
OSBiBVAub4E-00790-00306955-00307285 and the closest geophones and the farthest geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-00791-00307285-00307501 But then you keep rolling this thing
OSBiBVAub4E-00792-00307501-00307900 along the whole line you want.
OSBiBVAub4E-00793-00307900-00308543 So that's the efficient way.
OSBiBVAub4E-00794-00308543-00308906 With these roll along spreads, that's the efficient way
OSBiBVAub4E-00795-00308906-00309099 to record the data.
OSBiBVAub4E-00796-00309099-00309329 But it's not the most efficient way to look at the data
OSBiBVAub4E-00797-00309329-00309659 and analyze it.
OSBiBVAub4E-00798-00309659-00310142 So we collect the data with one source and the many receivers.
OSBiBVAub4E-00799-00310142-00310612 But what we want to do is end up with all the sources
OSBiBVAub4E-00800-00310612-00311018 and receivers that are centered around each midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00801-00311018-00311369 In each midpoint, we've got sources
OSBiBVAub4E-00802-00311369-00311537 that are close to the midpoint, and we
OSBiBVAub4E-00803-00311537-00311801 recorded the receiver that's equally close to midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00804-00311801-00312024 So the midpoint is just the average location.
OSBiBVAub4E-00805-00312024-00312233 It's right in between the source and the receiver.
OSBiBVAub4E-00806-00312494-00312794 But we want a range of angles at that midpoint, a range
OSBiBVAub4E-00807-00312794-00313061 of offsets at that midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00808-00313061-00313250 So really, what we'd like to do is end up
OSBiBVAub4E-00809-00313250-00314402 with a whole variety of offsets, but with traces that are all
OSBiBVAub4E-00810-00314402-00314669 addressing the same midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00811-00314669-00314954 And then we should see, should be
OSBiBVAub4E-00812-00314954-00315119 able to make the geometric correction,
OSBiBVAub4E-00813-00315119-00315923 and take these further offset receivers, source receiver
OSBiBVAub4E-00814-00315923-00316256 pairs, their reflection is going to appear later
OSBiBVAub4E-00815-00316256-00316346 because it's longer.
OSBiBVAub4E-00816-00316346-00316899 And that's according to the normal moveout, the NMO.
OSBiBVAub4E-00817-00316899-00317211 We'll take out that that extra NMO time,
OSBiBVAub4E-00818-00317211-00317474 we'll correct the times back to T0.
OSBiBVAub4E-00819-00317474-00317825 And we'll see our traces all lined up like this.
OSBiBVAub4E-00820-00317825-00318131 So there's noise and then a little reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-00821-00318131-00318425 And if we just add them all up, we
OSBiBVAub4E-00822-00318425-00318716 add up the amplitudes, the positives
OSBiBVAub4E-00823-00318716-00318887 cancel out the negatives.
OSBiBVAub4E-00824-00318887-00319568 And we can increase the size of the signal to noise ratio.
OSBiBVAub4E-00825-00319568-00319887 We can increase that after we add it all together.
OSBiBVAub4E-00826-00319887-00320132 This is the process called stacking.
OSBiBVAub4E-00827-00320132-00320603 We make the NMO correction, we line up our traces like this.
OSBiBVAub4E-00828-00320603-00320861 And the reflection should line up.
OSBiBVAub4E-00829-00320861-00321404 And then the stack accomplishes the compositing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00830-00321404-00321848 Now here we're stacking four traces together.
OSBiBVAub4E-00831-00321848-00322328 And what we get there is the improvement in signal to noise
OSBiBVAub4E-00832-00322328-00322574 is proportional not to the number of traces
OSBiBVAub4E-00833-00322574-00322841 we stack together, but to the square root of the number
OSBiBVAub4E-00834-00322841-00322955 traces we stack together.
OSBiBVAub4E-00835-00322955-00323543 That's just a fact about white noise and waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-00836-00323543-00324050 So if we have N equal to 4, then we
OSBiBVAub4E-00837-00324050-00324230 have doubled our signal to noise ratio
OSBiBVAub4E-00838-00324230-00324518 because the square root of 4 is 2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00839-00324518-00324726 You get into the process of diminishing returns.
OSBiBVAub4E-00840-00325166-00325526 If you want 10 times the signal to noise ratio nominally,
OSBiBVAub4E-00841-00325526-00326024 you've got to have 100 times the traces.
OSBiBVAub4E-00842-00326024-00326366 And we might collect--
OSBiBVAub4E-00843-00326366-00326696 well, not here in the class, but pretty common to collect data
OSBiBVAub4E-00844-00326696-00326963 that's got 100 or 200 traces.
OSBiBVAub4E-00845-00326963-00327312 And so it'll have at least 100 points per midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00846-00327312-00327773 And so you can get that 10 times increase.
OSBiBVAub4E-00847-00327773-00328322 And we have 48 traces, and if we weren't doing too well
OSBiBVAub4E-00848-00328322-00329115 and we needed to double our signal to noise ratio,
OSBiBVAub4E-00849-00329115-00329413 then we would need four times 48 traces.
OSBiBVAub4E-00850-00329413-00329856 So what is that, 386 or something, or 384.
OSBiBVAub4E-00851-00329856-00330350 So we need a lot more channels to get double the signal
OSBiBVAub4E-00852-00330350-00330438 to noise ratio.
OSBiBVAub4E-00853-00330438-00330753 And so we only get 2 times a single noise ratio.
OSBiBVAub4E-00854-00330753-00331098 But it costs four times as much, at least, to do the survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-00855-00331098-00331391 That's kind of diminishing returns.
OSBiBVAub4E-00856-00331391-00331535 So there have to be other reasons
OSBiBVAub4E-00857-00331535-00332205 to have more channels than just this signal to noise ratio.
OSBiBVAub4E-00858-00332205-00333475 So now how do we convert our roll along records
OSBiBVAub4E-00859-00333475-00334252 into the common midpoint, common depth point record?
OSBiBVAub4E-00860-00334252-00334624 So this is a cross-section showing you how we address
OSBiBVAub4E-00861-00334624-00335014 a single depth point, a single midpoint,
OSBiBVAub4E-00862-00335014-00335425 with a record that is spaced around that--
OSBiBVAub4E-00863-00335425-00335646 all the traces are spaced around that midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00864-00335646-00335926 Right that would be called a CDP,
OSBiBVAub4E-00865-00335926-00336265 a common depth point record.
OSBiBVAub4E-00866-00336265-00336527 And often the term used is just CDP.
OSBiBVAub4E-00867-00336527-00336698 They don't say it's a record or anything.
OSBiBVAub4E-00868-00336698-00336943 It's a CDP.
OSBiBVAub4E-00869-00336943-00337258 We have to kind of re-sort the data.
OSBiBVAub4E-00870-00337258-00337472 And you do that using this thing here,
OSBiBVAub4E-00871-00337472-00337726 which is called a stacking chart.
OSBiBVAub4E-00872-00337726-00338131 So you make a graph, basically, which
OSBiBVAub4E-00873-00338131-00338599 has the flag number of where each channel was.
OSBiBVAub4E-00874-00338599-00339109 And you arrange it to according to the flag
OSBiBVAub4E-00875-00339109-00339334 number on the other axis.
OSBiBVAub4E-00876-00339334-00339622 That's the flag number where the source was.
OSBiBVAub4E-00877-00339622-00340126 So this line up here, it just shows 12 channels
OSBiBVAub4E-00878-00340126-00340306 to keep it simple, and the source
OSBiBVAub4E-00879-00340306-00340675 is at 31, so it's at line 31.
OSBiBVAub4E-00880-00340675-00341182 And the receivers go from flags 38 to 24.
OSBiBVAub4E-00881-00341182-00341404 Down here at the bottom--
OSBiBVAub4E-00882-00341404-00341637 and let me lift that up slightly--
OSBiBVAub4E-00883-00341637-00342073 down here at the bottom, the source is that at flag 45,
OSBiBVAub4E-00884-00342073-00342520 so it's down here at the bottom of the scale.
OSBiBVAub4E-00885-00342520-00343155 And the receivers were at flags 52 through 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00886-00343577-00344082 And let's come into this one here in the middle, OK?
OSBiBVAub4E-00887-00344082-00344568 And so you can see that as we roll the survey along,
OSBiBVAub4E-00888-00344568-00345259 starts at 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and so forth, we're
OSBiBVAub4E-00889-00345259-00345784 keeping that stable roll along relationship between the source
OSBiBVAub4E-00890-00345784-00345958 and the receivers.
OSBiBVAub4E-00891-00345958-00346186 The receivers move up one whenever the source moves up
OSBiBVAub4E-00892-00346186-00346267 one.
OSBiBVAub4E-00893-00346267-00346759 And then we have the whole roll along survey here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00894-00346759-00347162 So how do we pick out the common midpoint?
OSBiBVAub4E-00895-00347422-00348769 So source is at 38 there, and this receiver is at 39.
OSBiBVAub4E-00896-00348769-00349201 So the midpoint is halfway between them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00897-00349201-00349408 Well, that's halfway between 38 and 39.
OSBiBVAub4E-00898-00349801-00350042 And notice I'm reaching up to--
OSBiBVAub4E-00899-00350042-00350217 this was recorded when the source was at--
OSBiBVAub4E-00900-00350217-00350493 I'm sorry.
OSBiBVAub4E-00901-00350493-00350718 The midpoint is at 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00902-00350718-00350925 So let's look for midpoints at 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00903-00350925-00351642 So here the receiver is at 39, the source is at 37,
OSBiBVAub4E-00904-00351642-00351951 and halfway between is 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00905-00351951-00352122 Let's look down at this one here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00906-00352122-00352614 The source is at 39, and here the receiver is at 37,
OSBiBVAub4E-00907-00352614-00352792 the midpoint's at 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00908-00352792-00352978 Let's look at this one down here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00909-00352978-00353295 The source is at 41.
OSBiBVAub4E-00910-00353295-00353477 The receiver was at 35.
OSBiBVAub4E-00911-00353828-00354144 And the midpoint is 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00912-00354144-00354552 So we draw a line, which is actually kind of perpendicular
OSBiBVAub4E-00913-00354552-00354856 to the line of sources.
OSBiBVAub4E-00914-00354856-00355335 We draw a line and the six geophones that
OSBiBVAub4E-00915-00355335-00355602 are within that line, that fall on that line,
OSBiBVAub4E-00916-00355602-00355994 those have exactly the midpoint of 38.
OSBiBVAub4E-00917-00356302-00356652 And so now this line is at midpoint 38,
OSBiBVAub4E-00918-00356652-00356923 this line is at midpoint 37.
OSBiBVAub4E-00919-00356923-00357009 So we follow this.
OSBiBVAub4E-00920-00357009-00357462 That's got the six traces, the six geophones that
OSBiBVAub4E-00921-00357462-00357957 have the midpoint at 38 using both the source
OSBiBVAub4E-00922-00357957-00358140 and the receiver coordinates along
OSBiBVAub4E-00923-00358140-00358335 that two-dimensional line.
OSBiBVAub4E-00924-00358335-00358722 Now there's three more, right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00925-00358722-00359264 And this one here has source at 36 and receiver at 39.
OSBiBVAub4E-00926-00359264-00359610 That's 37 and 1/2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00927-00359908-00360478 And so we might decide, well, if we only
OSBiBVAub4E-00928-00360478-00360889 want six traces per midpoint, we say, all right, we're
OSBiBVAub4E-00929-00360889-00361549 going to make a midpoint bin that is less than half a flag
OSBiBVAub4E-00930-00361549-00361666 interval.
OSBiBVAub4E-00931-00361666-00361930 And only those six traces will fall into there.
OSBiBVAub4E-00932-00361930-00362340 If we make a midpoint bin that is a full flag interval,
OSBiBVAub4E-00933-00362340-00362782 we could include into it, then, these here that are at 38
OSBiBVAub4E-00934-00362782-00363430 and these six here that are at 37 and 1/2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00935-00363430-00364060 So we get 12 total, and a whole 140% percent more--
OSBiBVAub4E-00936-00364060-00364648 twice as many traces, we get 140% more signal to noise ratio
OSBiBVAub4E-00937-00364648-00364957 when we stack together those 12 trays instead of just six.
OSBiBVAub4E-00938-00364957-00365218 So often we do that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00939-00365218-00365941 We bin these together and we make our midpoint bin interval
OSBiBVAub4E-00940-00365941-00366235 the same as our receiver interval.
OSBiBVAub4E-00941-00366235-00366570 And you'll see that done when we work on our own data
OSBiBVAub4E-00942-00366570-00366922 set in lab in the reflection lab.
OSBiBVAub4E-00943-00366922-00367228 And then the next 12 down, they belong
OSBiBVAub4E-00944-00367228-00367843 to the next midpoint bin, which is a whole flag interval down.
OSBiBVAub4E-00945-00367843-00368231 Now that number of traces that you include in your midpoint
OSBiBVAub4E-00946-00368231-00368531 bin, that's called the fold.
OSBiBVAub4E-00947-00368531-00368642 Now here's another thing.
OSBiBVAub4E-00948-00368642-00368933 If we're looking at a very low midpoint number,
OSBiBVAub4E-00949-00368933-00369548 like 32, this might be--
OSBiBVAub4E-00950-00369548-00370026 let's see, 31, 30--
OSBiBVAub4E-00951-00370026-00370610 yeah, 28 is going to be one of these.
OSBiBVAub4E-00952-00370610-00370931 And that's the only trace that's at midpoint 28.
OSBiBVAub4E-00953-00371196-00371496 So let's say this was the entire survey,
OSBiBVAub4E-00954-00371496-00372204 there were just 15 sources done, 15 source points done,
OSBiBVAub4E-00955-00372204-00372537 and there's 12 channels.
OSBiBVAub4E-00956-00372537-00373185 So for below-- let's see, if I'm adding up traces
OSBiBVAub4E-00957-00373185-00373677 below midpoint 34, we get fewer and fewer traces.
OSBiBVAub4E-00958-00373677-00373845 You can see it's wedging out.
OSBiBVAub4E-00959-00373845-00374162 Fewer and fewer traces, finally just one trace, and then
OSBiBVAub4E-00960-00374162-00374514 below 28, there's no traces at all.
OSBiBVAub4E-00961-00374514-00374679 So 0 fold.
OSBiBVAub4E-00962-00374679-00375204 And on some of these low midpoints,
OSBiBVAub4E-00963-00375204-00375501 we have lower fold than 12.
OSBiBVAub4E-00964-00375501-00375759 And then up here at 33 we get to 12.
OSBiBVAub4E-00965-00375759-00376038 And the fold of 12 continues until here.
OSBiBVAub4E-00966-00376038-00376218 And you can see it wedges out again.
OSBiBVAub4E-00967-00376218-00376474 We stopped the survey at shot point 45.
OSBiBVAub4E-00968-00376474-00376623 We didn't go any further.
OSBiBVAub4E-00969-00376623-00376923 And so it wedges out, and that's going
OSBiBVAub4E-00970-00376923-00377307 to be the average of 52 and 45.
OSBiBVAub4E-00971-00377307-00378254 That's going to be at, like, 47 and 1/2, or 48 and 1/2.
OSBiBVAub4E-00972-00378254-00378705 And that's going to be the highest numbered midpoint
OSBiBVAub4E-00973-00378705-00379044 for which we have any data at all.
OSBiBVAub4E-00974-00379044-00379602 So the fold reaches a maximum, and in this case,
OSBiBVAub4E-00975-00379602-00379830 formally, it's six at the exact midpoint.
OSBiBVAub4E-00976-00379830-00380060 We can expand it to 12, but it's constant
OSBiBVAub4E-00977-00380060-00380223 when we're in the middle of the survey,
OSBiBVAub4E-00978-00380223-00380652 and then it dies out at the edges, tapers off at the edges.
OSBiBVAub4E-00979-00380652-00381042 And the lower the fold, the lower the signal
OSBiBVAub4E-00980-00381042-00381799 to noise ratio via that square root relationship.
OSBiBVAub4E-00981-00381799-00382099 And we're doing that stacking because we're always fighting--
OSBiBVAub4E-00982-00382375-00382688 the reflections are weaker the deeper we get right.
OSBiBVAub4E-00983-00382688-00383078 We go down to deeper depths, and let's say
OSBiBVAub4E-00984-00383078-00383444 we have 200-foot-thick beds, and it's five of them
OSBiBVAub4E-00985-00383444-00383906 down to 1,000 feet, and down at 10,000 feet, there's 50.
OSBiBVAub4E-00986-00383906-00384308 And so only so much energy gets down there, right?
OSBiBVAub4E-00987-00384308-00384692 You know, 5% reflects at every one.
OSBiBVAub4E-00988-00384692-00384995 And so if we have alternating beds,
OSBiBVAub4E-00989-00384995-00385760 then the energy that we have for the amplitude
OSBiBVAub4E-00990-00385760-00386138 of our reflections is going to drop just because of that.
OSBiBVAub4E-00991-00386138-00386551 Just the deeper beds, not much energy is getting down to them.
OSBiBVAub4E-00992-00386874-00387261 There's also the effect of Q. The higher the frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-00993-00387261-00387828 we try to use and the further the wave propagates,
OSBiBVAub4E-00994-00387828-00388248 and the lower the Q, the more energy we're going to lose.
OSBiBVAub4E-00995-00388248-00389021 So if we're trying to record 100 hertz energy,
OSBiBVAub4E-00996-00389021-00389513 and we have a Q of 10 like we do in alluvium,
OSBiBVAub4E-00997-00389513-00389926 we're going to be 30 decibels down.
OSBiBVAub4E-00998-00389926-00390015 That's a long way.
OSBiBVAub4E-00999-00390301-00390719 That's like a factor of 10 down in amplitude.
OSBiBVAub4E-01000-00390719-00390966 And this for a particular velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-01001-00390966-00391188 that's fairly typical of, say, oilfield work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01002-00391561-00392065 So we are fighting not just noise,
OSBiBVAub4E-01003-00392065-00392320 but all these other effects.
OSBiBVAub4E-01004-00392320-00392653 They're distorting the seismic wavelet.
OSBiBVAub4E-01005-00392653-00392908 They're making it weaker, and they're
OSBiBVAub4E-01006-00392908-00393379 changing the frequency content.
OSBiBVAub4E-01007-00393379-00393589 So we begin with a nice, sharp seismic wavelet
OSBiBVAub4E-01008-00393589-00393988 that hits our plate, sledgehammer hitting the plate.
OSBiBVAub4E-01009-00393988-00394429 Very nice, sharp seismic wavelt. Could be broadband.
OSBiBVAub4E-01010-00394429-00394882 Spherical divergence takes away amplitude.
OSBiBVAub4E-01011-00394882-00395161 It takes away all all frequencies equally,
OSBiBVAub4E-01012-00395161-00395335 at least that.
OSBiBVAub4E-01013-00395335-00395632 Partition of energy takes away amplitude, takes away a lot
OSBiBVAub4E-01014-00395632-00395884 more amplitude at higher frequencies.
OSBiBVAub4E-01015-00395884-00396172 Interference between reflection will take away--
OSBiBVAub4E-01016-00396172-00396316 especially at thin beds.
OSBiBVAub4E-01017-00396316-00396802 Takes away amplitude, especially at higher frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-01018-00396802-00397219 Scattering takes away amplitude, especially
OSBiBVAub4E-01019-00397219-00397858 at higher frequency and longer distances, as with absorption.
OSBiBVAub4E-01020-00397858-00398089 So our reflected wavelet is going to be smaller,
OSBiBVAub4E-01021-00398089-00398328 and it's going to be lower amplitude,
OSBiBVAub4E-01022-00398328-00398687 it's going to be lower frequency because of all these effects,
OSBiBVAub4E-01023-00398687-00398812 all these propagation effects.
OSBiBVAub4E-01024-00399094-00399280 And here's a list of some of them.
OSBiBVAub4E-01025-00399280-00399655 Some of them affect bandwidth, some of them affect amplitude,
OSBiBVAub4E-01026-00399655-00399880 some of them affect the phase.
OSBiBVAub4E-01027-00399880-00400258 Spherical divergence only affects the amplitude.
OSBiBVAub4E-01028-00400258-00400558 Partition of energy, it can negate the phase.
OSBiBVAub4E-01029-00400558-00401021 It can lower the amplitude.
OSBiBVAub4E-01030-00401021-00401406 Reflection interference can change everything.
OSBiBVAub4E-01031-00401406-00401644 The reflection is a lot less bandwidth.
OSBiBVAub4E-01032-00401644-00401992 Scattering can change everything, including phase.
OSBiBVAub4E-01033-00401992-00402325 Yes, the answer to that is not questionable.
OSBiBVAub4E-01034-00402325-00402494 Absorption.
OSBiBVAub4E-01035-00402494-00403294 Q-- it's alteration of seismic wave energy into heat energy,
OSBiBVAub4E-01036-00403294-00403418 changes everything.
OSBiBVAub4E-01037-00403729-00404131 So what we're trying to do is record somewhere
OSBiBVAub4E-01038-00404131-00404743 in this sweet spot where we're below the maximum signal
OSBiBVAub4E-01039-00404743-00405175 we can put into the pre amps, and every recorder
OSBiBVAub4E-01040-00405175-00405295 has pre-amplifiers.
OSBiBVAub4E-01041-00405607-00405804 But we want to stay above the noise
OSBiBVAub4E-01042-00405804-00405972 because the noise environment--
OSBiBVAub4E-01043-00406375-00406761 we won't be you'll see anything much below the noise
OSBiBVAub4E-01044-00406761-00407069 insofar as reflections.
OSBiBVAub4E-01045-00407069-00407708 So one last note on making good recordings
OSBiBVAub4E-01046-00407708-00408308 has to do with the selection and the installation of geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01047-00408308-00408593 If we want to reduce the low frequency signal,
OSBiBVAub4E-01048-00408593-00408827 if we want to reduce ground roll, which is really
OSBiBVAub4E-01049-00408827-00409250 just rayleigh waves, if we want to enhance the high frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01050-00409250-00409403 data for higher resolution, we want
OSBiBVAub4E-01051-00409403-00409781 to select a geophone that has a higher natural frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-01052-00409781-00409980 It's got a stiffer spring.
OSBiBVAub4E-01053-00409980-00410126 The little leaf spring that holds up
OSBiBVAub4E-01054-00410126-00410410 the moving coil, that's got to be stiffer, and that'll
OSBiBVAub4E-01055-00410410-00410712 be a higher frequency geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01056-00410712-00410952 And it won't be as sensitive to those low frequencies.
OSBiBVAub4E-01057-00410952-00411502 So it won't be over driven by the low frequency,
OSBiBVAub4E-01058-00411502-00411812 but very strong Rayleigh waves.
OSBiBVAub4E-01059-00411812-00412133 So we actually have a selection of geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01060-00412133-00412412 We have 4-and-1/2-hertz geophones that we use for ReMi
OSBiBVAub4E-01061-00412412-00412700 because we want very low frequencies for ReMi.
OSBiBVAub4E-01062-00412700-00413192 We have 8 hertz geophones that we use for seismic refraction.
OSBiBVAub4E-01063-00413192-00413570 And we also have 100-hertz geophones,
OSBiBVAub4E-01064-00413570-00413909 in groups of six per channel, that we
OSBiBVAub4E-01065-00413909-00414122 use for high-res reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-01066-00414385-00414668 And you can feel how loose the springs are in the 4
OSBiBVAub4E-01067-00414668-00414789 and 1/2-Hertz geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01068-00414789-00415015 And you can't feel the spring at all,
OSBiBVAub4E-01069-00415015-00415174 you can't feel the mass moving at all,
OSBiBVAub4E-01070-00415174-00415454 in the 100 hertz geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01071-00415454-00415709 Say we're doing ReMi and we want to enhance the low frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01072-00415709-00416038 signals, then we could select a low natural frequency,
OSBiBVAub4E-01073-00416038-00416297 and that's why we have the 4 and 1/2 hertz geophones for ReMi.
OSBiBVAub4E-01074-00416552-00417258 But aside from the geophones' natural frequency,
OSBiBVAub4E-01075-00417258-00417688 there's also the geophones' coil resistance.
OSBiBVAub4E-01076-00417688-00418466 And that has the utility of making
OSBiBVAub4E-01077-00418466-00418820 the geophone sensitive or not.
OSBiBVAub4E-01078-00418820-00419189 So if you want to increase sensitivity,
OSBiBVAub4E-01079-00419189-00419446 then you choose a large coil resistance.
OSBiBVAub4E-01080-00419446-00420247 You'll get more amplitude out of some of the same ground motion.
OSBiBVAub4E-01081-00420247-00420568 But that's also going to pick up a lot of noise.
OSBiBVAub4E-01082-00420568-00421085 So if you want to decrease the noise you pick up,
OSBiBVAub4E-01083-00421085-00421257 you choose a low coil resistance.
OSBiBVAub4E-01084-00421257-00421751 And they've pretty much settled on standard coil resistances
OSBiBVAub4E-01085-00421751-00422370 for each natural frequency of geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01086-00422370-00422604 And there's also a damping factor
OSBiBVAub4E-01087-00422604-00422897 that there's a little shunt resistor in there
OSBiBVAub4E-01088-00422897-00423207 you know that goes across the coil that
OSBiBVAub4E-01089-00423207-00423543 helps you bleed voltage out.
OSBiBVAub4E-01090-00423543-00424139 And that acts as damping.
OSBiBVAub4E-01091-00424139-00424443 If you just had the spring and the coil,
OSBiBVAub4E-01092-00424443-00424887 then it would wobble up and down forever.
OSBiBVAub4E-01093-00424887-00425172 If there was infinite resistance between the two
OSBiBVAub4E-01094-00425172-00425559 ends of the coil, there'd be no energy transmitted
OSBiBVAub4E-01095-00425559-00425758 and no damping.
OSBiBVAub4E-01096-00425758-00426105 So that would mean, with 0 damping, h equal to 0,
OSBiBVAub4E-01097-00426105-00426357 which you may or may not be able to see here--
OSBiBVAub4E-01098-00426357-00426855 let me enlarge it a bit.
OSBiBVAub4E-01099-00426855-00427532 With h equal to 0, these are spectra here.
OSBiBVAub4E-01100-00427532-00427760 So we have frequency on a log scale,
OSBiBVAub4E-01101-00427760-00428258 and we have response, relative output of the geophone
OSBiBVAub4E-01102-00428258-00428597 increasing in a log scale up.
OSBiBVAub4E-01103-00428597-00428837 So you get 100 times the response,
OSBiBVAub4E-01104-00428837-00429167 1,000 times the response at the natural frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01105-00429167-00429377 than you do at any other frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01106-00429377-00429702 if you have no damping.
OSBiBVAub4E-01107-00429702-00429980 So we always damp.
OSBiBVAub4E-01108-00429980-00430264 Here is 0.7.
OSBiBVAub4E-01109-00430264-00430747 0.5 has a little bit of a hump at the natural frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-01110-00430747-00430918 We'd like to make it as flat as possible.
OSBiBVAub4E-01111-00430918-00431282 So we follow this 0.7 curve.
OSBiBVAub4E-01112-00431282-00431684 That's 70% of critical damping.
OSBiBVAub4E-01113-00431684-00431834 At 1 times critical damping, there's
OSBiBVAub4E-01114-00431834-00432059 a little bit too much roll-off.
OSBiBVAub4E-01115-00432059-00432260 It's too damped.
OSBiBVAub4E-01116-00432260-00432680 So we like the spectrum to have this nice corner
OSBiBVAub4E-01117-00432680-00432875 there that we can understand.
OSBiBVAub4E-01118-00432875-00433084 And it's pretty much at the natural frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01119-00433084-00433154 of the geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01120-00433154-00433547 So it all makes sense.
OSBiBVAub4E-01121-00433547-00433697 OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-01122-00433697-00434201 So I'm going to show you some geophone installations.
OSBiBVAub4E-01123-00434201-00434624 Here's along Pope Beach in Lake Tahoe,
OSBiBVAub4E-01124-00434624-00434984 you can see that there is a line of geophones
OSBiBVAub4E-01125-00434984-00435310 installed every either eight or 10 meters.
OSBiBVAub4E-01126-00435310-00435674 There's the geophone with the top of its head
OSBiBVAub4E-01127-00435674-00436184 just sitting up above the sand and its lead wire.
OSBiBVAub4E-01128-00436184-00436499 And it's plugged into the take out on the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-01129-00436499-00436706 You go eight meters down the cable,
OSBiBVAub4E-01130-00436706-00436862 and there's another geophone set.
OSBiBVAub4E-01131-00436862-00437027 There is its lead wire.
OSBiBVAub4E-01132-00437027-00437288 Geophone's down here in this hole in the snow.
OSBiBVAub4E-01133-00437288-00437845 And the next one, the next one, so you go on down.
OSBiBVAub4E-01134-00437845-00438699 And if I can scroll, here's a more closely spaced reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-01135-00438699-00438867 survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-01136-00438867-00439139 We've got six geophone lined up, plugged
OSBiBVAub4E-01137-00439139-00439466 into the ground at the bottom of this snow trench
OSBiBVAub4E-01138-00439466-00440010 that we had to dig to do our survey last time, last year.
OSBiBVAub4E-01139-00440010-00440741 And the main cable is up here on top.
OSBiBVAub4E-01140-00440741-00441257 And so the the main cable is hung down
OSBiBVAub4E-01141-00441257-00441476 to plug into the geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01142-00441476-00441656 Quite a mess, you can see.
OSBiBVAub4E-01143-00441656-00442121 On average, we've got the six geophones in line,
OSBiBVAub4E-01144-00442121-00442352 but yeah, pretty messy.
OSBiBVAub4E-01145-00442352-00442706 I was amazed we were able to get the data that we did out
OSBiBVAub4E-01146-00442706-00442808 of this.
OSBiBVAub4E-01147-00442808-00443162 Here's an example of a bad geophone plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01148-00443162-00443303 it's snowing at the time.
OSBiBVAub4E-01149-00443303-00443524 The geophone's plugged in there.
OSBiBVAub4E-01150-00443524-00443957 If there's too much water there, or mud especially,
OSBiBVAub4E-01151-00443957-00444158 with some electrolytes in it, then that
OSBiBVAub4E-01152-00444158-00444434 can cause a short across the geophone terminals.
OSBiBVAub4E-01153-00444434-00444671 That's why we have swamp connectors, too,
OSBiBVAub4E-01154-00444671-00444983 if we're going to be working in very muddy areas.
OSBiBVAub4E-01155-00444983-00445492 But we didn't have those on this cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-01156-00445492-00445904 And here the geophone is planted kind of in the snow.
OSBiBVAub4E-01157-00445904-00446164 Not too good.
OSBiBVAub4E-01158-00446164-00446426 But that's the best we could do that day.
OSBiBVAub4E-01159-00446426-00446956 Here's a geophone that is spiked into the turf,
OSBiBVAub4E-01160-00446956-00447178 just sitting there in the turf.
OSBiBVAub4E-01161-00447178-00447407 The cable's sitting there.
OSBiBVAub4E-01162-00447407-00447849 The brass connectors are not sitting in the mud or water,
OSBiBVAub4E-01163-00447849-00448105 so that's OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-01164-00448105-00448522 But the spike is in the turf, but that geophone doesn't
OSBiBVAub4E-01165-00448522-00448835 have as good a connection as it should, especially
OSBiBVAub4E-01166-00448835-00448952 for seismic reflection work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01167-00448952-00449343 This is actually a ReMi survey where these plants work,
OSBiBVAub4E-01168-00449343-00449446 these poor plants work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01169-00449446-00449791 I showed you the examples of poor plants
OSBiBVAub4E-01170-00449791-00450135 there in my ReMi lecture.
OSBiBVAub4E-01171-00450135-00451072 But this would not be a good geophone
OSBiBVAub4E-01172-00451072-00451503 plant for seismic reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-01173-00451503-00451692 Here's a somewhat better geophone plant
OSBiBVAub4E-01174-00451692-00451889 for seismic reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-01175-00451889-00452238 You can see that we cleared the snow away, spiked it
OSBiBVAub4E-01176-00452238-00452393 into the mineral dirt.
OSBiBVAub4E-01177-00452393-00452814 We've got the cable held out of the snow
OSBiBVAub4E-01178-00452814-00453387 so there's no chance of shorting the circuit between those two
OSBiBVAub4E-01179-00453387-00453618 connectors on the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-01180-00453618-00453935 You might notice that the black one is a thin connector
OSBiBVAub4E-01181-00453935-00454212 and the red one is a fat one.
OSBiBVAub4E-01182-00454212-00454479 You'd think you couldn't plug it in wrong,
OSBiBVAub4E-01183-00454479-00454704 but you can plug it in wrong, and it's been done.
OSBiBVAub4E-01184-00454704-00455166 So you've got to watch out for that, pay attention
OSBiBVAub4E-01185-00455166-00455241 to what you're doing.
OSBiBVAub4E-01186-00455957-00456553 You can see the thin clip there and the fat clip there.
OSBiBVAub4E-01187-00456939-00457071 OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-01188-00457071-00457953 So just a couple of guides about geophone plants.
OSBiBVAub4E-01189-00457953-00458150 The best plant is with a longer spike,
OSBiBVAub4E-01190-00458150-00458388 and you scrape the surface, you scrape all the loose soil
OSBiBVAub4E-01191-00458388-00458589 off the surface.
OSBiBVAub4E-01192-00458589-00458755 We have three- or four-inch spikes
OSBiBVAub4E-01193-00458755-00458993 so we can make a good plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01194-00458993-00459189 You still scrape the surface.
OSBiBVAub4E-01195-00459189-00459674 If you brush the pine needles and the leaves off the surface,
OSBiBVAub4E-01196-00459674-00459858 and you spike it into the top of the surface
OSBiBVAub4E-01197-00459858-00460168 but you don't scrape it, well, that's not quite as good.
OSBiBVAub4E-01198-00460168-00460439 It's still fair for seismic reflection work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01199-00460439-00460653 And if you spike it through the turf
OSBiBVAub4E-01200-00460653-00460860 or through the pine needles, it's
OSBiBVAub4E-01201-00460860-00461310 not going to work for reflection.
OSBiBVAub4E-01202-00461310-00461568 And you've got six times 48 geophones to plant,
OSBiBVAub4E-01203-00461568-00462113 you may be tempted to spike them through the pine needles.
OSBiBVAub4E-01204-00462113-00462168 Doesn't work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01205-00462525-00462814 And one one reason it doesn't work,
OSBiBVAub4E-01206-00462814-00463345 as you can see in these spectra here,
OSBiBVAub4E-01207-00463345-00463825 what we're looking for is the geophone natural frequency's
OSBiBVAub4E-01208-00463825-00464008 about here.
OSBiBVAub4E-01209-00464008-00464212 And we've got a steep roll off below that.
OSBiBVAub4E-01210-00464212-00464835 That's just the nature of the velocity geophone, the moving
OSBiBVAub4E-01211-00464835-00465036 coil against the magnet.
OSBiBVAub4E-01212-00465036-00465274 And the magnet is the part that's spiked into the ground.
OSBiBVAub4E-01213-00465274-00465655 The moving coil is inertial.
OSBiBVAub4E-01214-00465655-00466362 They roll off very fast below the resonant frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01215-00466362-00466489 of the geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01216-00466489-00466777 But with a good plant, they're flat.
OSBiBVAub4E-01217-00466777-00467362 Their response is flat up to several times
OSBiBVAub4E-01218-00467362-00467575 the natural frequency.
OSBiBVAub4E-01219-00467575-00467974 And that's what we want to end up with.
OSBiBVAub4E-01220-00467974-00468107 So that's the best plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01221-00468107-00468580 You know, the good plant, it's going to have a peak somewhere
OSBiBVAub4E-01222-00468580-00468724 in the higher frequencies.
OSBiBVAub4E-01223-00468724-00469075 And that's not always good.
OSBiBVAub4E-01224-00469075-00469720 That can cause certain noise to get emphasized.
OSBiBVAub4E-01225-00469720-00469921 And then we go to the fair plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01226-00469921-00470203 Well, and this peak is coming down,
OSBiBVAub4E-01227-00470203-00470419 and we're starting to see that we're not
OSBiBVAub4E-01228-00470419-00470578 getting some of the higher frequencies
OSBiBVAub4E-01229-00470578-00470909 that we want with that best plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01230-00470909-00471271 And then no service preparation.
OSBiBVAub4E-01231-00471271-00471655 Not only could there be a lot of distortion,
OSBiBVAub4E-01232-00471655-00471979 it's going to emphasize some low frequency that's
OSBiBVAub4E-01233-00471979-00472367 right above the resonant frequency,
OSBiBVAub4E-01234-00472367-00472621 and that's really not good.
OSBiBVAub4E-01235-00472621-00473033 So here's some guidelines on how to make that best plant.
OSBiBVAub4E-01236-00473033-00473372 If you've got the time, if you've got the labor,
OSBiBVAub4E-01237-00473372-00473852 you use your rock hammer to dig a six-inch hole.
OSBiBVAub4E-01238-00474137-00474437 You take the pick end of the rock hammer
OSBiBVAub4E-01239-00474437-00474680 and you spike a hole for the geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01240-00474680-00475156 And you plant the geophone spike into there.
OSBiBVAub4E-01241-00475156-00476471 And then when you put the geophone down,
OSBiBVAub4E-01242-00476471-00476757 you gotta remember to not forget to plug
OSBiBVAub4E-01243-00476757-00476971 the geophone into the cable.
OSBiBVAub4E-01244-00476971-00477253 So you plug the geophone into the cable,
OSBiBVAub4E-01245-00477253-00477472 and then you bury it.
OSBiBVAub4E-01246-00477472-00477778 And it's best if you can bury the geophone
OSBiBVAub4E-01247-00477778-00478476 six inches deep with sand or maybe small gravel.
OSBiBVAub4E-01248-00478476-00478989 If it's cobbles and rocks, it's not going to work so well.
OSBiBVAub4E-01249-00478989-00479331 Not much point in burying it then
OSBiBVAub4E-01250-00479331-00479721 because they'll kind of clink around and rock around
OSBiBVAub4E-01251-00479721-00479967 against the geophone case, and so that's all you'll see.
OSBiBVAub4E-01252-00479967-00480291 You won't see any actual reflections or first arrivals
OSBiBVAub4E-01253-00480291-00480558 or anything.
OSBiBVAub4E-01254-00480558-00480954 So for reflection work, this is best.
OSBiBVAub4E-01255-00480954-00481797 It's tough when you have 48 times times six geophones.
OSBiBVAub4E-01256-00481797-00481953 We end up usually not burying them.
OSBiBVAub4E-01257-00481953-00482157 We use scraped surfaces.
OSBiBVAub4E-01258-00482157-00482691 We scrape off the grass, and dead grass
OSBiBVAub4E-01259-00482691-00483014 and sticks and all that, and we spike them in.
OSBiBVAub4E-01260-00483014-00483239 But usually I'll try to press them
OSBiBVAub4E-01261-00483239-00483675 in with the heel of my boot so that all you can see
OSBiBVAub4E-01262-00483675-00483891 is the very top sticking out of the sand.
OSBiBVAub4E-01263-00484558-00485056 Now actually, with this advice here, it
OSBiBVAub4E-01264-00485056-00485275 can't be raining on the geophone.
OSBiBVAub4E-01265-00485275-00485422 But in the desert here, we've had
OSBiBVAub4E-01266-00485422-00486007 better luck when the ground is wet with reflection than--
OSBiBVAub4E-01267-00486007-00486421 usually our ground out here is very dry,
OSBiBVAub4E-01268-00486421-00487012 and when it's very dry, then we have
OSBiBVAub4E-01269-00487012-00487312 a lot of trouble getting decent seismic reflection data.
OSBiBVAub4E-01270-00487827-00487881 OK.
OSBiBVAub4E-01271-00487881-00488016 So you've got a lot of noise.
OSBiBVAub4E-01272-00488564-00488943 We can you start using the six geophones per channel
OSBiBVAub4E-01273-00488943-00489327 per group, as they're called, geophone groups.
OSBiBVAub4E-01274-00489327-00489687 We can increase the fold, certainly,
OSBiBVAub4E-01275-00489687-00490056 by widening our midpoint bins, or we
OSBiBVAub4E-01276-00490056-00490380 can use more channels per shot.
OSBiBVAub4E-01277-00490380-00490659 Those are all ways of increasing the fold.
OSBiBVAub4E-01278-00490659-00490878 That's why we have 48 channels for our work.
OSBiBVAub4E-01279-00491131-00491392 If we have instrument noise, it's not too much of a problem
OSBiBVAub4E-01280-00491392-00491638 these days, recorder noise.
OSBiBVAub4E-01281-00491638-00491828 But ground roll is a real problem.
OSBiBVAub4E-01282-00491828-00492238 And we'll experiment with some low cut filtering
OSBiBVAub4E-01283-00492238-00492543 after data recording, not before data recording,
OSBiBVAub4E-01284-00492543-00492625 to get rid of that.
OSBiBVAub4E-01285-00492625-00492847 Sometimes we can do spatial filtering with source
OSBiBVAub4E-01286-00492847-00493013 and receiver arrays.
OSBiBVAub4E-01287-00493013-00493180 And that's really the reason why we have
OSBiBVAub4E-01288-00493180-00493456 the six geophones per channel.
OSBiBVAub4E-01289-00493456-00493828 And we'll demonstrate that in the field.
OSBiBVAub4E-01290-00493828-00494281 So here's the objectives, or the information
OSBiBVAub4E-01291-00494281-00494875 you need to design the survey and then go get it permitted.
OSBiBVAub4E-01292-00494875-00495406 You need to know what is the travel time to your objective?
OSBiBVAub4E-01293-00495406-00495487 How deep is it?
OSBiBVAub4E-01294-00495487-00495727 What's the velocity likely to be?
OSBiBVAub4E-01295-00495727-00495885 And so what's the two-way travel time?
OSBiBVAub4E-01296-00495885-00496087 How much time are you going to have to record?
OSBiBVAub4E-01297-00496087-00496756 And that's going to tell you a lot about how big a source are
OSBiBVAub4E-01298-00496756-00496984 you going to need?
OSBiBVAub4E-01299-00496984-00497139 Below 100 meters, we're not going
OSBiBVAub4E-01300-00497139-00497464 to have much luck, at least in this area,
OSBiBVAub4E-01301-00497464-00498222 of seeing below 100 meters with a sledgehammer.
OSBiBVAub4E-01302-00498222-00498550 We need bigger sources, like those vibrators.
OSBiBVAub4E-01303-00498550-00498757 The maximum dip of our horizons.
OSBiBVAub4E-01304-00498757-00499293 You know, the greater the dip, then the larger the distances,
OSBiBVAub4E-01305-00499293-00499643 source receiver distances, you want to use.
OSBiBVAub4E-01306-00499643-00499930 And that's a very important consideration.
OSBiBVAub4E-01307-00499930-00500247 The desired band pass.
OSBiBVAub4E-01308-00500247-00500622 What kind of resolution do we need?
OSBiBVAub4E-01309-00500622-00500935 Do we need to really go to those highest frequencies?
OSBiBVAub4E-01310-00500935-00501112 And that's going to say a lot about how
OSBiBVAub4E-01311-00501112-00501385 hard our survey's going to be.
OSBiBVAub4E-01312-00501385-00501522 How far out?
OSBiBVAub4E-01313-00501522-00501859 What's our minimum offset for getting any kind of velocity
OSBiBVAub4E-01314-00501859-00502171 control using our NMO analysis?
OSBiBVAub4E-01315-00502171-00502992 How far do we have to get to see those asymptotic tails
OSBiBVAub4E-01316-00502992-00503107 of the normal moveout?
OSBiBVAub4E-01317-00503409-00503551 What's the noise environment like?
OSBiBVAub4E-01318-00503551-00503767 If we're working in the urban environment,
OSBiBVAub4E-01319-00503767-00504097 we're just going to need more sources, more receivers.
OSBiBVAub4E-01320-00504097-00504493 We've got to redouble our effort.
OSBiBVAub4E-01321-00504493-00505082 Also very important to know, in terms of source-generated
OSBiBVAub4E-01322-00505082-00505141 noise--
OSBiBVAub4E-01323-00505141-00505394 those are the Rayleigh waves, the airwaves.
OSBiBVAub4E-01324-00505394-00505582 What are their highest and lowest velocities,
OSBiBVAub4E-01325-00505582-00505846 because we've got to make sure that we don't spatially
OSBiBVAub4E-01326-00505846-00506062 alias those.
OSBiBVAub4E-01327-00506062-00506242 And we also want to record reflections
OSBiBVAub4E-01328-00506242-00506626 where they'll have distinctly different apparent velocities
OSBiBVAub4E-01329-00506626-00507007 than our source-generated noise, our Rayleigh waves
OSBiBVAub4E-01330-00507007-00507151 and our airwaves.
OSBiBVAub4E-01331-00507151-00507514 So for this reason, it may even be worth
OSBiBVAub4E-01332-00507514-00507981 doing a ReMi experiment, a little ReMi recording
OSBiBVAub4E-01333-00507981-00508968 right in your field area before you set up
OSBiBVAub4E-01334-00508968-00509143 your seismic recording, your reflection
OSBiBVAub4E-01335-00509143-00509560 recording, because you can get your highest
OSBiBVAub4E-01336-00509560-00509974 and lowest Rayleigh wave and airwave velocities
OSBiBVAub4E-01337-00509974-00510160 and your Rayleigh wave frequencies,
OSBiBVAub4E-01338-00510160-00510352 your airwave frequencies, you can get all that
OSBiBVAub4E-01339-00510352-00510665 from a ReMi analysis.
OSBiBVAub4E-01340-00510665-00511337 So pre-survey with ReMi could be quite useful.
OSBiBVAub4E-01341-00511337-00511387 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-01342-00511387-00511863 So there's all these parameters we've got to determine.
OSBiBVAub4E-01343-00511863-00512218 The depth of interest goes into the far trace offset,
OSBiBVAub4E-01344-00512218-00512450 the near trace offset.
OSBiBVAub4E-01345-00512450-00512672 But the depth of interest does not
OSBiBVAub4E-01346-00512672-00513083 contribute to our determination of the group interval.
OSBiBVAub4E-01347-00513083-00513360 That would be the delta x.
OSBiBVAub4E-01348-00513360-00513677 The required resolution, that determines the frequency
OSBiBVAub4E-01349-00513677-00513854 and the steepest dip.
OSBiBVAub4E-01350-00513854-00514529 That determines what our delta x has got to be.
OSBiBVAub4E-01351-00514820-00515381 The charge size, or other source effort required.
OSBiBVAub4E-01352-00515381-00515722 The deeper it is, the larger the source we need.
OSBiBVAub4E-01353-00515722-00515968 The resolution is going to say something about that,
OSBiBVAub4E-01354-00515968-00516158 noise will say something about that.
OSBiBVAub4E-01355-00516158-00516533 So this guide here, where you have these dots,
OSBiBVAub4E-01356-00516533-00516827 that's kind of what feeds into what.
OSBiBVAub4E-01357-00516827-00517118 And this list of things on the left-hand side, those
OSBiBVAub4E-01358-00517118-00517256 are all things you have to decide
OSBiBVAub4E-01359-00517256-00517539 when you define your survey.
OSBiBVAub4E-01360-00517539-00517843 And so the reflection group, these
OSBiBVAub4E-01361-00517843-00518225 are things that I want you to get some sense of what do
OSBiBVAub4E-01362-00518225-00518447 you need and what can you do.
OSBiBVAub4E-01363-00518447-00519128 I mean, we can't get 96 fold data with our equipment.
OSBiBVAub4E-01364-00519128-00519555 We can only get 48 fold data at the most.
OSBiBVAub4E-01365-00519555-00520112 So the multiplicity can only be so much given
OSBiBVAub4E-01366-00520112-00520204 the equipment we have.
OSBiBVAub4E-01367-00520204-00520502 So given the equipment we have and given
OSBiBVAub4E-01368-00520502-00520877 the nature of our objective, imaging,
OSBiBVAub4E-01369-00520877-00521939 the faulting at, say, 30 meters depth in the Walker River
OSBiBVAub4E-01370-00521939-00522402 basin near Walker Lake, I want you
OSBiBVAub4E-01371-00522402-00522930 to start thinking about how should we design our survey?
OSBiBVAub4E-01372-00522930-00523217 We've got certain limitations on our line length.
OSBiBVAub4E-01373-00523217-00523503 Our reflection equipment, we could collapse it
OSBiBVAub4E-01374-00523503-00523830 to a line length of only 24 meters,
OSBiBVAub4E-01375-00523830-00524370 or we could expand it out 250 meters with our 48 channels.
OSBiBVAub4E-01376-00524370-00525200 So that's all things that need to be considered
OSBiBVAub4E-01377-00525200-00525446 and figured out for every separate project
OSBiBVAub4E-01378-00525446-00525659 and every separate objective.
OSBiBVAub4E-01379-00525659-00525709 All right.
OSBiBVAub4E-01380-00525709-00526486 So this has been the seismic acquisition lecture.
OSBiBVAub4E-01381-00526486-00526984 And the next lecture will be the fourth lecture
OSBiBVAub4E-01382-00526984-00527182 on seismic reflection, which is going
OSBiBVAub4E-01383-00527182-00527560 to be about seismic processing.
OSBiBVAub4E-01384-00527560-00527803 What do we do with all this data after we record it,
OSBiBVAub4E-01385-00527803-00528019 all these records after we've recorded them?
OSBiBVAub4E-01386-00528019-00528265 How do we sort them, how do we filter them,
OSBiBVAub4E-01387-00528265-00528367 how do we stack them?
OSBiBVAub4E-01388-00528367-00528657 And that's what I'll cover next time.
Ocfgy6eRnII-00000-00000000-00000200 The Gorenje freezer has a classic design and can be integrated into any interior.
Ocfgy6eRnII-00001-00000200-00000400 Electronic control makes temperature setting convenient. The "Quick freeze"
Ocfgy6eRnII-00002-00000400-00000600 function allows you to quickly process a large volume of products. When the
Ocfgy6eRnII-00003-00000600-00000800 power is cut off, the device maintains cold for 12 hours. Beep when the door
Ocfgy6eRnII-00004-00000800-00001000 is open. Led lighting is economical and durable. A digital display will help you
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Ocfgy6eRnII-00006-00001200-00001400 from the freezer. This prevents the formation of ice on the products and
Ocfgy6eRnII-00007-00001400-00001600 internal walls of the device, as well as reduces energy consumption. This
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Ocfgy6eRnII-00012-00002400-00002600 convenient to take it. In combination with a well-thought-out location, the
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OdYT1GFr-GY-00000-00000219-00000319 The Australian Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle (PMV)
OdYT1GFr-GY-00001-00000319-00000419 that is being used in Ukraine
OdYT1GFr-GY-00002-00000419-00000876 Hi and welcome to Frank s Tanks and Military Hardware Channel.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00003-00000876-00001465 If you re enjoying my channel, don t forget to hit like on my videos after you ve watched
OdYT1GFr-GY-00004-00001465-00001604 them, and subscribe to my channel.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00005-00001604-00002640 Today I want to show you my drawing of the Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle or PMV.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00006-00002640-00003372 These PMVs have been in the news here in Australia because we have sent 20 of them, including
OdYT1GFr-GY-00007-00003372-00004167 2 ambulance variants, as gifts to Ukraine, to help them resist the war being waged on
OdYT1GFr-GY-00008-00004167-00004685 them by Russia.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00009-00004685-00005372 The Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle is the first armoured vehicle to be designed
OdYT1GFr-GY-00010-00005372-00006425 and completely manufactured in Australia since the Sentinel tank during World War II.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00011-00006425-00007140 Another 20 Bushmasters have been promised to Ukraine but I haven t seen any news of
OdYT1GFr-GY-00012-00007140-00007412 their arrival in Ukraine so far.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00013-00007412-00008706 DefenceConnect.com.au reported that the Ukrainians have requested no specific 
OdYT1GFr-GY-00014-00008706-00009528 news of their arrival be announced, so as to keep their whereabouts secret from the
OdYT1GFr-GY-00015-00009528-00009765 Russian military.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00016-00009765-00010770 PMVs have lighter armour than APCs, which stands for armoured personnel carriers.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00017-00010770-00011514 Australia has also sent 14 M113 APCs to Ukraine.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00018-00011514-00012147 Let me know in the comments if you d like me to draw an M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier.
OdYT1GFr-GY-00019-00012147-00012762 Thanks for watching and don t forget to like and subscribe.
Og4uElIEQ4o-00000-00000003-00000560 I tend to do site-specific work, whether that's directing or designing
Og4uElIEQ4o-00001-00000560-00001034 performances or installations, and I usually involve fire in some aspect. I
Og4uElIEQ4o-00002-00001034-00001440 guess that's my little niche in the world. I'd been working a lot in live
Og4uElIEQ4o-00003-00001440-00001872 events since I was a kid. I was working at and performing at Woodford doing the
Og4uElIEQ4o-00004-00001872-00002397 closing ceremony, which I now direct, and then I studied film and screen media
Og4uElIEQ4o-00005-00002397-00002726 production at Griffith and I think it's really fun being able to work in
Og4uElIEQ4o-00006-00002726-00003132 different parts of this sort of entertainment and art world because
Og4uElIEQ4o-00007-00003132-00003546 those skills are all transferable. I'm the site designer for Bleach* 2019, which
Og4uElIEQ4o-00008-00003546-00004007 is currently involving two bars down on the beach at Burleigh and then the
Og4uElIEQ4o-00009-00004007-00004505 festival culminating in Requiem down here at HOTA. This Requiem is a much
Og4uElIEQ4o-00010-00004505-00004911 more contemporary exploration. Patrick Nolan, the director of Opera
Og4uElIEQ4o-00011-00004911-00005444 Queensland is really I think finding really interesting ways of
Og4uElIEQ4o-00012-00005444-00006012 reimagining it. So the tone of the the space I'm hoping will be quite sombre.
Og4uElIEQ4o-00013-00006012-00006461 The entranceway in will hopefully take you from the outside world into this
Og4uElIEQ4o-00014-00006461-00007008 space. Everything's going to be very red and and kind of dark and and fiery and I
Og4uElIEQ4o-00015-00007008-00007452 think it will have this real sense of I guess focus reflection. Film is about
Og4uElIEQ4o-00016-00007452-00007872 making impossible things happen in usually quite difficult spaces, which
Og4uElIEQ4o-00017-00007872-00008370 sounds familiar. In film you have to solve the impossible and that translates
Og4uElIEQ4o-00018-00008370-00008688 really well into location-based science perspective projects because
Og4uElIEQ4o-00019-00008688-00009195 there's not a rulebook for it, you just go 'OK' we want to do that; how do we
Og4uElIEQ4o-00020-00009195-00009875 do that and you unpack that and approach it in a in a logical way.
OiF_GgixuUQ-00000-00000000-00000200 birds
OjzISbEJYKI-00000-00000055-00000426 How to make money directory, the real deal.
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OjzISbEJYKI-00041-00012485-00012720 I have informational products which are all profit.
OjzISbEJYKI-00042-00012720-00012938 I have physical products which have a cost to them.
OjzISbEJYKI-00043-00012938-00013490 But bottom line is I'm very fortunate, but I started out and I only made $10 on my first
OjzISbEJYKI-00044-00013490-00014038 sale, but that $10, that $10 motivated me because I knew if I could make $10, I could
OjzISbEJYKI-00045-00014038-00014138 make a hundred.
OjzISbEJYKI-00046-00014138-00014238 I could make a thousand.
OjzISbEJYKI-00047-00014238-00014338 I can make 10,000.
OjzISbEJYKI-00048-00014338-00014442 I knew I could parlay it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00049-00014442-00014828 If I could get somebody to give me money through the internet, which I did.
OjzISbEJYKI-00050-00014828-00015222 So I want to share with you some of the things you can do now, one of the first things you
OjzISbEJYKI-00051-00015222-00015653 can do is blogging or vlogging, blogging, or vlogging.
OjzISbEJYKI-00052-00015653-00015856 This is a great way to start out.
OjzISbEJYKI-00053-00015856-00016221 If you have no business experience whatsoever, because you're going to learn from doing this
OjzISbEJYKI-00054-00016221-00016479 and the whole thing with selling stuff online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00055-00016479-00016817 As you learn stuff every day, if you're not learning something every day, then you're
OjzISbEJYKI-00056-00016817-00017015 not doing well because you got to learn every day.
OjzISbEJYKI-00057-00017015-00017175 I learned stuff every day.
OjzISbEJYKI-00058-00017175-00017396 Now here's the truth though.
OjzISbEJYKI-00059-00017396-00018009 Millions of blogs are started every year and less than half of those are an existence after
OjzISbEJYKI-00060-00018009-00018360 six months because they don't know what they're doing.
OjzISbEJYKI-00061-00018360-00018460 Okay?
OjzISbEJYKI-00062-00018460-00018732 So just starting a blog does not mean you'll be successful.
OjzISbEJYKI-00063-00018732-00018868 There's more to it than that.
OjzISbEJYKI-00064-00018868-00019041 Now let's take a look at some statistics here.
OjzISbEJYKI-00065-00019041-00019567 I'll put a chart up on the screen, but it says how many people are reading blogs over
OjzISbEJYKI-00066-00019567-00020167 409 people view more than 21.2 billion pages each month.
OjzISbEJYKI-00067-00020167-00020328 That's pretty amazing.
OjzISbEJYKI-00068-00020328-00020574 Now how many posts are being published?
OjzISbEJYKI-00069-00020574-00021472 Users produce about 54.2 million new posts and 52.3 million new comments each one.
OjzISbEJYKI-00070-00021472-00021815 So the question is how hard is it to make money blogging?
OjzISbEJYKI-00071-00021815-00022315 The hurdle for most people is that few understand how much goes into running a successful blog
OjzISbEJYKI-00072-00022315-00022829 besides just creating the blog post you'll need to do social media, marketing, blogger,
OjzISbEJYKI-00073-00022829-00023329 outreach, business, accounting, strategic development, and constantly be learning how
OjzISbEJYKI-00074-00023329-00023561 to make more money from your blog.
OjzISbEJYKI-00075-00023561-00023661 Okay?
OjzISbEJYKI-00076-00023661-00023761 Here's the good news.
OjzISbEJYKI-00077-00023761-00024223 If you start a blog and you work hard and you put in all the effort, you can make money.
OjzISbEJYKI-00078-00024223-00024599 I know people that make tens of thousands of dollars a month with the blogs.
OjzISbEJYKI-00079-00024599-00025215 I know people who make millions of dollars, so it can be done and it is doable.
OjzISbEJYKI-00080-00025215-00025443 If they can do it, you could do.
OjzISbEJYKI-00081-00025443-00025753 The next thing I'll tell you is self publishing books.
OjzISbEJYKI-00082-00025753-00026230 I don't think if a publisher came to me today and said, I'll give you a million dollar advance.
OjzISbEJYKI-00083-00026230-00026706 I would do a book with a publisher because they keep the majority of the profits.
OjzISbEJYKI-00084-00026706-00026861 You get very little money.
OjzISbEJYKI-00085-00026861-00027268 Uh, most books that are published through publishers that the author never makes hardly
OjzISbEJYKI-00086-00027268-00027412 any money whatsoever.
OjzISbEJYKI-00087-00027412-00027800 If you self publish, if you do like Kindle publishing, or if you do an ebook, something
OjzISbEJYKI-00088-00027800-00028256 like that on a subject that people are interested in, you get all the profits yourself.
OjzISbEJYKI-00089-00028256-00028556 You can market it yourself, especially if you already have a list or a following.
OjzISbEJYKI-00090-00028556-00029032 And then you come out with a book or an ebook or a guide or something like that, people
OjzISbEJYKI-00091-00029032-00029172 will just automatically buy it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00092-00029172-00029536 But if you go to a publisher and they publish it, you know, they're going to stick it on
OjzISbEJYKI-00093-00029536-00029883 some store shelf and you've got to hope somebody comes in there and finds it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00094-00029883-00030019 It probably won't happen.
OjzISbEJYKI-00095-00030019-00030163 The next thing you can do is freelancing.
OjzISbEJYKI-00096-00030163-00030264 I live out of freelancing.
OjzISbEJYKI-00097-00030264-00030531 I think it's a great way to make some money.
OjzISbEJYKI-00098-00030531-00030887 I personally don't do it because I make enough to where I don't need to do that anymore.
OjzISbEJYKI-00099-00030887-00031097 But at one point I did some consulting.
OjzISbEJYKI-00100-00031097-00031594 Now in freelancing, all you do is you go to a site like five, or you go to a site like
OjzISbEJYKI-00101-00031594-00031696 Upwork.
OjzISbEJYKI-00102-00031696-00032255 You go to a site like a freelancer.com and you put your skills up there and you bid on
OjzISbEJYKI-00103-00032255-00032355 jobs.
OjzISbEJYKI-00104-00032355-00032716 Now the thing I will tell everybody is in the beginning, you're not going to have any
OjzISbEJYKI-00105-00032716-00032816 reviews.
OjzISbEJYKI-00106-00032816-00032928 You're not going to have any clients.
OjzISbEJYKI-00107-00032928-00033318 So go bid on jobs and bid way lower than what they want to pay.
OjzISbEJYKI-00108-00033318-00033644 If you see a job for $500, tell them you'll do it for $200.
OjzISbEJYKI-00109-00033644-00033825 You just want to get some good reviews.
OjzISbEJYKI-00110-00033825-00033940 You don't have to do that for long.
OjzISbEJYKI-00111-00033940-00034040 Okay?
OjzISbEJYKI-00112-00034040-00034408 You are going to have to work for cheap for long, but once you do that and build up reviews,
OjzISbEJYKI-00113-00034408-00034583 then people are going to start contacting you.
OjzISbEJYKI-00114-00034583-00034921 So, you know, freelancing is a great way to make money online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00115-00034921-00035094 Start at e-commerce site.
OjzISbEJYKI-00116-00035094-00035246 It's a great thing to do.
OjzISbEJYKI-00117-00035246-00035409 You can use something like Shopify.
OjzISbEJYKI-00118-00035409-00035881 I actually have a course below that you can find on shop of island, how to build your
OjzISbEJYKI-00119-00035881-00036391 Shopify store called e-comm roads to check out that course it's in the description below,
OjzISbEJYKI-00120-00036391-00036829 but so many people have made money on e-commerce because if you have a Shopify store and my
OjzISbEJYKI-00121-00036829-00037188 course teaches you this, you could just do drop shipping in the products.
OjzISbEJYKI-00122-00037188-00037368 You don't have to buy inventory.
OjzISbEJYKI-00123-00037368-00037606 You can list the products on your site.
OjzISbEJYKI-00124-00037606-00037778 Next thing I'll tell you is print on demand.
OjzISbEJYKI-00125-00037778-00037922 I love to print on demand.
OjzISbEJYKI-00126-00037922-00038147 There are so many print on demand companies out there.
OjzISbEJYKI-00127-00038147-00038578 Now I won't list them all on this video, but if you go to some of my other videos where
OjzISbEJYKI-00128-00038578-00038837 it says print on demand, you can watch an entire video on it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00129-00038837-00038949 I'll tell you all the contacts.
OjzISbEJYKI-00130-00038949-00039383 I'll tell you what websites to go to, but you can actually sell t-shirts and blankets
OjzISbEJYKI-00131-00039383-00039822 and rugs and shower, curtains and coffee mugs and whatever you want.
OjzISbEJYKI-00132-00039822-00040109 And you don't have to pay for the inventory upfront.
OjzISbEJYKI-00133-00040109-00040209 You sell the item.
OjzISbEJYKI-00134-00040209-00040521 Once you get the order, you send the order to the print on demand company.
OjzISbEJYKI-00135-00040521-00040924 They print up the item that the coffee mug, the shower, curtain, the blanket, the throw
OjzISbEJYKI-00136-00040924-00041359 rug, whatever it is, and then they will ship it out to your customer.
OjzISbEJYKI-00137-00041359-00041459 You don't touch anything.
OjzISbEJYKI-00138-00041459-00041624 That's a great way to make money.
OjzISbEJYKI-00139-00041624-00041840 The next thing I'll tell you this consulting.
OjzISbEJYKI-00140-00041840-00042072 I did consulting a few years back.
OjzISbEJYKI-00141-00042072-00042375 I don't do it now because it just takes up too much time for me.
OjzISbEJYKI-00142-00042375-00042566 And I started charging ridiculous rates.
OjzISbEJYKI-00143-00042566-00042711 Uh, I know they weren't ridiculous.
OjzISbEJYKI-00144-00042711-00042812 I mean, I'm worth it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00145-00042812-00042912 Yes, I'm worth it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00146-00042912-00043258 I started off and I was charging people $495 a month.
OjzISbEJYKI-00147-00043258-00043689 And for that $495 a month, they got two phone calls and instruction and they could send
OjzISbEJYKI-00148-00043689-00043816 me some emails.
OjzISbEJYKI-00149-00043816-00043916 So I got too busy.
OjzISbEJYKI-00150-00043916-00044187 And then I upped that rate to $1,495 a month.
OjzISbEJYKI-00151-00044187-00044396 And then I think it was 2,500 a month.
OjzISbEJYKI-00152-00044396-00045000 Uh, and then I went by hourly and one of the last jobs I had was hourly consulting.
OjzISbEJYKI-00153-00045000-00045577 And it was $2,000 an hour for 90 days.
OjzISbEJYKI-00154-00045577-00045869 And I worked 33 hours, which earned me $66,000.
OjzISbEJYKI-00155-00045869-00046119 Now that was craziness.
OjzISbEJYKI-00156-00046119-00046249 That was a lot of money.
OjzISbEJYKI-00157-00046249-00046424 Um, but that's what you can work up to.
OjzISbEJYKI-00158-00046424-00046572 If you want to do consulting.
OjzISbEJYKI-00159-00046572-00046693 Consulting is not for me.
OjzISbEJYKI-00160-00046693-00047119 And I don't like consulting because the people I teach, don't always do everything I tell
OjzISbEJYKI-00161-00047119-00047281 them to do.
OjzISbEJYKI-00162-00047281-00047594 And when they don't do everything I tell them to do, then they aren't going to get as good
OjzISbEJYKI-00163-00047594-00047799 a results as they could, even though they all get great results.
OjzISbEJYKI-00164-00047799-00048153 Um, they are not going to get as good a results that drives me batty.
OjzISbEJYKI-00165-00048153-00048399 So I don't do consulting for that reason anymore.
OjzISbEJYKI-00166-00048399-00048814 However, if you like consulting and you like working, one-on-one with people, I've already
OjzISbEJYKI-00167-00048814-00049002 proven that you can make money on it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00168-00049002-00049102 Okay?
OjzISbEJYKI-00169-00049102-00049202 That's not an issue.
OjzISbEJYKI-00170-00049202-00049324 It's just a matter of what you want to do.
OjzISbEJYKI-00171-00049324-00049668 So look through all these things that I've shown you in this video, there's, there's
OjzISbEJYKI-00172-00049668-00049971 plenty more things you could make money on a online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00173-00049971-00050192 However, these things will get you started.
OjzISbEJYKI-00174-00050192-00050611 These are the ones I would recommend for somebody beginner out there who wants to make some
OjzISbEJYKI-00175-00050611-00050747 money online legitimately.
OjzISbEJYKI-00176-00050747-00051190 Okay, don't go with some company that's going to, you're going to sell their products and
OjzISbEJYKI-00177-00051190-00051575 you're going to be marketing their stuff or their videos or whatever.
OjzISbEJYKI-00178-00051575-00051682 Start your own deals.
OjzISbEJYKI-00179-00051682-00051847 Start your own brand.
OjzISbEJYKI-00180-00051847-00052013 Start your own company.
OjzISbEJYKI-00181-00052013-00052172 You can sell other people's products.
OjzISbEJYKI-00182-00052172-00052616 But, uh, I mean like these multi-level things where you have to sell just their products.
OjzISbEJYKI-00183-00052616-00052758 Don't do any of that stuff.
OjzISbEJYKI-00184-00052758-00053074 Stick with doing what you want, stick with building your own brand.
OjzISbEJYKI-00185-00053074-00053228 And I'm here to tell you, you can do it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00186-00053228-00053328 I've done it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00187-00053328-00053575 Uh, it's doable, uh, taught how to do it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00188-00053575-00053675 They've done it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00189-00053675-00053920 Um, quit thinking you can't do it and don't quit.
OjzISbEJYKI-00190-00053920-00054020 Don't quit.
OjzISbEJYKI-00191-00054020-00054120 Don't quit.
OjzISbEJYKI-00192-00054120-00054220 Don't quit.
OjzISbEJYKI-00193-00054220-00054526 That's the biggest thing I could tell people, cause so many people quit or they never get
OjzISbEJYKI-00194-00054526-00054626 started.
OjzISbEJYKI-00195-00054626-00054726 That's the other problem they never get started.
OjzISbEJYKI-00196-00054726-00054903 So how long have you been researching this?
OjzISbEJYKI-00197-00054903-00055254 How long have you been saying, well, I'm going to go ahead and make money online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00198-00055254-00055669 Now, how long have you been telling yourself that this is going to work out, but you haven't
OjzISbEJYKI-00199-00055669-00055769 done anything.
OjzISbEJYKI-00200-00055769-00055913 You got to do something.
OjzISbEJYKI-00201-00055913-00056013 Don't be afraid of failure.
OjzISbEJYKI-00202-00056013-00056175 There's no such thing as failure.
OjzISbEJYKI-00203-00056175-00056275 There's learning.
OjzISbEJYKI-00204-00056275-00056748 My first products I sold were, uh, cell phone cases that didn't make any money at it.
OjzISbEJYKI-00205-00056748-00057057 I had a bunch of inventory leftover when I got out of that business, but I learned how
OjzISbEJYKI-00206-00057057-00057175 to sell an item online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00207-00057175-00057317 I learned how to market online.
OjzISbEJYKI-00208-00057317-00057506 I learned how to set up credit card accounts.
OjzISbEJYKI-00209-00057506-00057900 I learned how to build websites because I started at that's.
OjzISbEJYKI-00210-00057900-00058307 What your problem probably is right now is you haven't started get started.
OjzISbEJYKI-00211-00058307-00058725 If you have any questions, do me a favor, put it in the comment section below, type
OjzISbEJYKI-00212-00058725-00058857 any questions in there.
OjzISbEJYKI-00213-00058857-00059274 Um, maybe just want to share with me, uh, where you're at and you want to say hello.
OjzISbEJYKI-00214-00059274-00059391 You can also do that.
OjzISbEJYKI-00215-00059391-00059491 Okay.
OjzISbEJYKI-00216-00059491-00059878 But if you have questions or successes, you'd like to post down there, please do so.
OjzISbEJYKI-00217-00059878-00060254 Don't forget if you haven't subscribed yet to hit that subscription button down there.
OjzISbEJYKI-00218-00060254-00060427 If it's red, it's a warning.
OjzISbEJYKI-00219-00060427-00060594 You need to click it, turn it gray.
OjzISbEJYKI-00220-00060594-00060694 Don't forget.
OjzISbEJYKI-00221-00060694-00060987 Also ringing the bell, turned on all bell notifications.
OjzISbEJYKI-00222-00060987-00061454 So you're notified each and every time I go live, or if I upload a video now there's also
OjzISbEJYKI-00223-00061454-00061817 a $97 course below click on it and learn.
OjzISbEJYKI-00224-00061817-00061917 It's absolutely free.
OjzISbEJYKI-00225-00061917-00062162 I'm giving away free for a temporary period of time.
OjzISbEJYKI-00226-00062162-00062365 So you need to hurry up and do that.
OjzISbEJYKI-00227-00062365-00062670 I also have links down there to my reading list of my books.
OjzISbEJYKI-00228-00062670-00062816 Check those out.
OjzISbEJYKI-00229-00062816-00062975 And I really appreciate you watching this video.
OjzISbEJYKI-00230-00062975-00063324 Give me a thumbs up if you like it, share it with your friends and I'll see you in the
OjzISbEJYKI-00231-00063324-00064831 next video.
Ojb2XedmgVY-00000-00000389-00000969 Training program that we set up for new hires is second to none.
Ojb2XedmgVY-00001-00000969-00001584 We take technicians that are new, out of school, or out of the military that don't
Ojb2XedmgVY-00002-00001584-00001905 have the product knowledge that they need to work for us and quickly bring
Ojb2XedmgVY-00003-00001905-00002367 them up to speed in a very accelerated program called our Technician
Ojb2XedmgVY-00004-00002367-00002829 Accelerated Program, so within the first six months of employment they're ready
Ojb2XedmgVY-00005-00002829-00003426 to be on our floor full-time and be one of the best technicians they can be. TAP
Ojb2XedmgVY-00006-00003426-00003870 program I was able to learn through their specifications and what they look
Ojb2XedmgVY-00007-00003870-00004360 for in fixing a truck and that gave me more confidence on like what to do with it.
Ojb2XedmgVY-00008-00004462-00004988 with the TAP program is a, it's designed to kind of transition you from college
Ojb2XedmgVY-00009-00004989-00005631 to the work environment. It's really helped me out. Be familiar with it and
Ojb2XedmgVY-00010-00005631-00006032 just be able to do my job efficiently.
Olr5aaYA-W4-00000-00000064-00000911 do you suppose learning to know the holy ghost will expand your scope way beyond
Olr5aaYA-W4-00001-00000976-00001592 what your little mind has thought in the past this is gonna be good i hope that you're here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00002-00002520-00003272 the holy ghost is god in the earth you walk today there by saying words my name is Andrew
Olr5aaYA-W4-00003-00003272-00003720 Hemstrought thank you for joining us this is your first time here make sure you subscribe
Olr5aaYA-W4-00004-00003792-00004384 if this isn't your first time here and these messages are blessing you then consider becoming
Olr5aaYA-W4-00005-00004448-00005480 a partner with us this message will affect you you have to listen but if you can hear something
Olr5aaYA-W4-00006-00005480-00006520 will change on you well i'm providing you with scope most people have none their religious
Olr5aaYA-W4-00007-00006520-00007248 view of everything gives them no scope they can't go anywhere with it if you're religious belief
Olr5aaYA-W4-00008-00007248-00007872 and your religion has started you out with the prospect of dying and going to heaven and that's
Olr5aaYA-W4-00009-00007992-00008656 that's the goal dying go to heaven you have no scope for life or living being alive
Olr5aaYA-W4-00010-00008736-00009320 well we happen to know that the holy ghost is god and he's a living god and he's in the earth today
Olr5aaYA-W4-00011-00009416-00009960 what would a living god be doing in the earth but living and if we're walking with him we're
Olr5aaYA-W4-00012-00009960-00010576 going to know how to live a lot better than other people who have no scope for living
Olr5aaYA-W4-00013-00010720-00011576 do you suppose learning to know the holy ghost will expand your scope of living way beyond
Olr5aaYA-W4-00014-00011632-00012136 what your little mind has thought in the past this is gonna be good i hope that you're here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00015-00012280-00012976 first timothy chapter six charge them that are rich in this
Olr5aaYA-W4-00016-00012976-00013584 world that they be not high-minded nor trust in uncertain riches but
Olr5aaYA-W4-00017-00013768-00014528 in the living god who gives us richly all things to enjoy is this in your bible
Olr5aaYA-W4-00018-00014624-00015144 what does your bible say about the living god what does he do if you trust in him or
Olr5aaYA-W4-00019-00015144-00015800 learn to trust in him or have faith in him he will give you richly all things to enjoy
Olr5aaYA-W4-00020-00015919-00016408 is this true yes when when you die and go to heaven is that what he said no
Olr5aaYA-W4-00021-00016688-00017232 we hear that worship the holy ghost we know him that he is the living god you understand that
Olr5aaYA-W4-00022-00017232-00017752 right yes that the holy ghost is the living god he's the one who came into the earth
Olr5aaYA-W4-00023-00017752-00018384 sent from the father and jesus in heaven came into the earth and he's in the earth today
Olr5aaYA-W4-00024-00018448-00019312 and he's alive he is the living god and he is here to give you richly all things to enjoy
Olr5aaYA-W4-00025-00019584-00020352 well we know and serve a living god now not when we die
Olr5aaYA-W4-00026-00020512-00021184 you don't know when you die yes you'll know when you die but now that's not the problem
Olr5aaYA-W4-00027-00021328-00022264 well the holy ghost is this living god say the holy ghost is this living god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00028-00022368-00023344 and this living god is endeavoring to give you richly all things to enjoy isn't that what it says
Olr5aaYA-W4-00029-00023536-00024704 well he is alive and he gives us richly what all things say all things
Olr5aaYA-W4-00030-00024936-00025848 he's the living god he's alive and he gives us richly all things he gives us richly all things
Olr5aaYA-W4-00031-00025952-00026200 he gives us richly all thing are you here yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00032-00026344-00026816 you'd think i was preaching some weird something i'm just quoting a verse
Olr5aaYA-W4-00033-00027000-00027432 by the way the living god he's the holy ghost he gives us richly all things don't you think it'd
Olr5aaYA-W4-00034-00027432-00028383 be good to know him then taking you on a trip this morning that is going to affect you it's going to
Olr5aaYA-W4-00035-00028383-00029520 expand your scope of belief daniel chapter 7 verse 27 and the kingdom and dominion and the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00036-00029520-00030248 greatness say greatness and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven shall be
Olr5aaYA-W4-00037-00030495-00031352 given to the people of the saints of the most high god who's the living god in the earth
Olr5aaYA-W4-00038-00031448-00031688 holy ghost he gives us richly
Olr5aaYA-W4-00039-00031848-00032824 all things right here it says the kingdom and dominion and greatness of the kingdom where under
Olr5aaYA-W4-00040-00032824-00033784 the whole heaven where's under the whole heaven earth where you are shall be given to the people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00041-00033856-00034632 of the saints of the most high god sounds an awful lot like living god gives us richly all things
Olr5aaYA-W4-00042-00034888-00035896 living god gives me richly all things is kingdom dominion and greatness are they things yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00043-00036216-00036880 then they're part of the all things that the living god is going to give us richly are you here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00044-00037128-00037640 well it will be given to the people of the saints that's what this says
Olr5aaYA-W4-00045-00037848-00038456 so the kingdom and the dominion and the greatness say the kingdom the dominion
Olr5aaYA-W4-00046-00038528-00039104 and the greatness shall be given to the people of the saints so he's going to be given to people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00047-00039264-00040360 right people of the saints well i have a call of god on my life i am a sent one with a message
Olr5aaYA-W4-00048-00040576-00040784 and i have a people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00049-00041080-00041552 where's this kingdom and dominion and greatness going to be given to it's going to be given to
Olr5aaYA-W4-00050-00041552-00042368 the people of the saints of the most high god i haven't gotten into that yet but you know
Olr5aaYA-W4-00051-00042368-00042880 who the holy ghost is right in the earth he looks around who's god in the earth
Olr5aaYA-W4-00052-00042952-00043792 holy ghost and i have a people that's growing daily the number of people growing day i'm
Olr5aaYA-W4-00053-00043792-00044176 telling you if you can hear it you can go here and something will get on you
Olr5aaYA-W4-00054-00044456-00044984 some don't like it this plane but most have never heard anything like it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00055-00045152-00045896 but i'm not sent for me i'm sent for you the people of the saints the people that i'm sent for
Olr5aaYA-W4-00056-00046000-00046384 shall be shall be given my people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00057-00046680-00047584 i'm believing this for you and i have the ability to believe for you now you don't have to follow me
Olr5aaYA-W4-00058-00047720-00048584 but i am set for you to experience this it will literally come on you
Olr5aaYA-W4-00059-00048584-00049224 and you will begin to experience it i'm set i'm the sent one to tell you this
Olr5aaYA-W4-00060-00049224-00049912 the people of the saints shall be given isn't this fun aren't you glad you don't have to say this
Olr5aaYA-W4-00061-00050192-00050840 but i do have a people so deal with it and people who are listening to this and hear
Olr5aaYA-W4-00062-00050840-00051408 it they can hear it they can hear it it sounds differently well if it sounds different to you
Olr5aaYA-W4-00063-00051408-00051984 and it resonate then then you're part of those people say i'm part of those people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00064-00052120-00052567 that it shall be given to not about me i'm saying it because i have to say it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00065-00052567-00052896 but it's about you being given these things are you seeing this
Olr5aaYA-W4-00066-00053208-00053424 i do have a people and they are growing
Olr5aaYA-W4-00067-00053512-00054391 by the day richer they're growing by the day more healed they're growing by the day younger they're
Olr5aaYA-W4-00068-00054391-00055312 growing by the day better looking and the kingdom and dominion and the greatness say the greatness
Olr5aaYA-W4-00069-00055536-00055767 the greatness of the kingdom
Olr5aaYA-W4-00070-00055864-00056728 under the whole heaven shall be given to the people of the saints of the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00071-00056944-00057864 of the most high god not the somewhat high god or the kind of high god or he's a little bit high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00072-00058088-00058736 he's the most high god get get that on your lips say he's the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00073-00058832-00059536 who is the holy ghost who is in the earth i know the people meant you know they
Olr5aaYA-W4-00074-00059536-00059879 wince when you start talking about the holy ghost being god because they're so
Olr5aaYA-W4-00075-00059879-00060408 they're comfortable with him being the small holy ghost in their little religious box
Olr5aaYA-W4-00076-00060696-00061232 well the living god the holy ghost is the most high god in the earth
Olr5aaYA-W4-00077-00061352-00061784 wouldn't this be good to preach this wouldn't this be good to have as your message
Olr5aaYA-W4-00078-00062008-00062352 the holy ghost is the living god the holy ghost
Olr5aaYA-W4-00079-00062352-00062879 is the most high god and would it benefit you to worship him and serve him yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00080-00063128-00063288 there are benefits
Olr5aaYA-W4-00081-00063440-00064584 to knowing him benefits to worshiping him and benefits to serving him he's the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00082-00064776-00065384 daniel chapter 11 verse 32 the people that do know their god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00083-00065488-00066544 shall be strong and do exploits it's the people that do know something what do they know
Olr5aaYA-W4-00084-00066632-00067392 they know their god who's the only god in the earth today the holy ghost the one jesus sent
Olr5aaYA-W4-00085-00067392-00068000 he's the living god he's the most high god if you know him as god you'll worship him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00086-00068192-00068784 but because you don't know him as god you don't worship him we we don't worship him in our church
Olr5aaYA-W4-00087-00068928-00069304 then you don't know him as god if you knew him as god you'd worship him he's god in the earth he's
Olr5aaYA-W4-00088-00069304-00069856 the most high god he's the living god and there's benefits to knowing him worshiping and serving him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00089-00070072-00070184 the people that do
Olr5aaYA-W4-00090-00070448-00071424 shall be strong and do exploits what kind of exploits his kind of exploits exploits that come
Olr5aaYA-W4-00091-00071424-00072344 from knowing the most high god exploits of what you say i say exploits of well we read earlier
Olr5aaYA-W4-00092-00072344-00073184 the kingdom and the dominion and the greatness greatness of exploits exploits of greatness
Olr5aaYA-W4-00093-00073368-00074400 you being great what happened you exploited greatness how'd you do it knowing god i do know
Olr5aaYA-W4-00094-00074400-00075480 god and i exploit greatness say that i do know god and i exploit greatness be on your own you're not
Olr5aaYA-W4-00095-00075480-00076440 so great i mean we like you and all but with him we become great because he's the most high
Olr5aaYA-W4-00096-00076664-00077440 joel chapter two well look at verse one blow ye the trumpet and zion
Olr5aaYA-W4-00097-00077440-00077976 sound and alarm on my holy mountain let all the inhabitants of the land tremble for the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00098-00077976-00078488 day of the lord cometh it's an eye at hand meaning the day of the lord's coming right
Olr5aaYA-W4-00099-00078488-00079264 right right it's nigh at hand it's not yet it's nigh at hand coming up to the end see there's a
Olr5aaYA-W4-00100-00079264-00079848 lot of things coming up to the end that happened right before the end does that make sense yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00101-00079848-00080472 this is happening right before the end a day of darkness and of gloominess a day
Olr5aaYA-W4-00102-00080472-00081448 of clouds and thick darkness as the morning spread upon the mountains what a great people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00103-00081568-00082288 and a strong say a great people great people and a strong remember the greatness
Olr5aaYA-W4-00104-00082288-00083008 we were talking about the people that we're talking about people because they know their god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00105-00083232-00084184 the great people and a strong there hath not been ever the like there's never been anyone like them
Olr5aaYA-W4-00106-00084280-00084600 you can't preach like this nobody ever preaches like that nobody's ever gone
Olr5aaYA-W4-00107-00084600-00085088 yeah i know nobody's ever gone here because we're in the last days and we're gonna go here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00108-00085272-00085768 a great people and strong how do we get how do we get great how do we get strong
Olr5aaYA-W4-00109-00085768-00086352 by knowing the most high god the greatness who strengthens us
Olr5aaYA-W4-00110-00086680-00087104 a great people and strong there's never been the like
Olr5aaYA-W4-00111-00087104-00087432 in this kind of strength in this kind of greatness
Olr5aaYA-W4-00112-00087736-00088080 why because they didn't know god this way
Olr5aaYA-W4-00113-00088328-00088600 there's none like them meaning they're different
Olr5aaYA-W4-00114-00088680-00089312 and i don't know but if you can hear it you know that this is different it's different
Olr5aaYA-W4-00115-00089400-00090024 i know it's different i preached all the other stuff but you have to be willing to go here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00116-00090024-00090816 you have to be willing to be different have you found this out so far if you start to know the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00117-00090816-00091544 holy ghost as god as the living god and if you know him as god you start worshiping him as god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00118-00091648-00092240 and you start to know him as the most high god in the earth that's different my friend it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00119-00092240-00092800 makes you different you think different you act different you talk different you are different
Olr5aaYA-W4-00120-00093040-00093544 there's never been anyone like you you see that's towards the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00121-00093544-00094112 end someone had to do something that made them different and not like everybody else
Olr5aaYA-W4-00122-00094392-00094976 great strong by knowing their god but you have to be willing to be changed that's why
Olr5aaYA-W4-00123-00094976-00095520 a lot of people back off they're not willing to be different they're not willing to go here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00124-00095520-00096112 they're not willing to be changed and change is the name of the game i tell you as we go on here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00125-00096272-00096608 if you're still with me if we're going on here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00126-00096608-00097072 this people shall know their god and be strong in the earth and do exploits
Olr5aaYA-W4-00127-00097200-00097616 what are you going to do when nobody else wants to go with you i'm going to be different
Olr5aaYA-W4-00128-00097856-00098496 good is the enemy of great and so many people are satisfied and put to sleep with good
Olr5aaYA-W4-00129-00098616-00099392 that they never get too great the greatness of the kingdom those people will be different who
Olr5aaYA-W4-00130-00099392-00100048 walk in the greatness of the kingdom for they've come to know the living god as god in the earth
Olr5aaYA-W4-00131-00100048-00101064 today and walk with him as the most high in every area of life that's different that's greatness
Olr5aaYA-W4-00132-00101328-00101608 so are you willing to be changed that much
Olr5aaYA-W4-00133-00101816-00102104 most people would you'd have to say no i've seen it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00134-00102176-00102528 i'm willing to be changed more likely shanks but not that much
Olr5aaYA-W4-00135-00102759-00103535 are you here i'll keep going well are you willing to be changed that much my people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00136-00103624-00104232 are people that are with me are they're willing to be changed all the way
Olr5aaYA-W4-00137-00104376-00105216 completely changed say completely changed so what is this great source of change
Olr5aaYA-W4-00138-00105216-00105896 what is this source of greatness that these people have found that other people haven't
Olr5aaYA-W4-00139-00106168-00106824 what's this source of greatness it is knowing the living god knowing the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00140-00106824-00107416 holy ghost as god in the earth today and knowing him as the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00141-00107496-00107840 how are you going to get there well first of all somebody has to preach it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00142-00107896-00108376 and if you know him as god you'll start worshiping as him as god and then you will be changed
Olr5aaYA-W4-00143-00108624-00109088 this changes you say this changes me
Olr5aaYA-W4-00144-00109311-00110224 well he's not changing right this changes you you are changed by seeing him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00145-00110488-00110959 seeing him yeah you're changed by seeing him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00146-00110959-00111376 the problem is you don't see him because you blinded yourself to seeing him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00147-00111576-00111968 message after message preachers will go up and they'll knock on the door and they'll start down
Olr5aaYA-W4-00148-00111968-00112600 this trail and as soon as they get up to almost seeing him for all the things that i just said
Olr5aaYA-W4-00149-00112759-00113088 they quickly flip the switch and they start talking about the father in heaven
Olr5aaYA-W4-00150-00113176-00113711 or jesus when he was on earth you know you've seen it i've seen it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00151-00113872-00114352 people that i love and appreciate they do it all the time it's like they come up to the door
Olr5aaYA-W4-00152-00114352-00114983 and they refuse to go through it well they can't know the living god the holy ghost
Olr5aaYA-W4-00153-00115128-00115800 the most high god in the earth the way that these people are going to this people my people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00154-00116048-00116576 second corinthians chapter 3 verse 17 now the lord is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00155-00116672-00117080 or you could i'll say it this way it helps out now the lord god is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00156-00117192-00118056 in the earth that spirit yes in our day the lord god in the earth is that spirit who's that spirit
Olr5aaYA-W4-00157-00118135-00119128 the holy ghost now the lord god is that spirit and where the lord god the spirit of the lord is it's
Olr5aaYA-W4-00158-00119128-00119959 basically saying the same thing where the spirit lord is there's liberty what does that imply
Olr5aaYA-W4-00159-00120216-00121064 that where the spirit isn't lord there isn't this kind of liberty verse 18 but we all with open face
Olr5aaYA-W4-00160-00121064-00122096 beholding say beholding with open face as in a glass the glory of the lord god the spirit
Olr5aaYA-W4-00161-00122176-00123424 are changed into the same image from glory to glory even as by that same lord god the spirit
Olr5aaYA-W4-00162-00123424-00124183 beholding who the spirit beholding the holy ghost beholding the living god beholding the
Olr5aaYA-W4-00163-00124183-00124968 most high god but nobody talks about him how are you going to behold him you can't now the lord is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00164-00125128-00126183 you can't go from glory to glory without seeing him seeing him for who he is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00165-00126320-00126920 how do we go from glory to glory by beholding him and seeing him him who
Olr5aaYA-W4-00166-00127056-00127559 the lord that is that spirit the lord god that is that spirit the holy ghost
Olr5aaYA-W4-00167-00127559-00128568 seeing him seeing him seeing him him who the holy ghost the living god the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00168-00128808-00129496 so he's we see him let's just assume you got something out of what i just said you see him
Olr5aaYA-W4-00169-00129496-00130192 the holy ghost right you see him you see him as the living god you see him as the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00170-00130192-00130992 you begin to see him you understand they know their god by seeing him i'm knowing who he is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00171-00130992-00131840 right and i see and i know that he's the most high god meaning he's he's higher than where i'm at
Olr5aaYA-W4-00172-00132064-00133184 right and then it says i'm changed by beholding him so i'm changed from not so high to higher
Olr5aaYA-W4-00173-00133272-00134056 by beholding him by knowing him so i go from one level of glory to the next level of glory
Olr5aaYA-W4-00174-00134056-00134824 why because he's on the next level of glory just makes sense we're changed into the same
Olr5aaYA-W4-00175-00134824-00136008 image that we see of him from glory to glory you go higher when you see him as the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00176-00136008-00136472 can you hear this you go higher when you see him as the most high god
Olr5aaYA-W4-00177-00136664-00137704 you get smarter you get brighter when you see him you get richer you get younger
Olr5aaYA-W4-00178-00137760-00138592 you get better looking when you see him he's the most high how good looking is the most high he's
Olr5aaYA-W4-00179-00138592-00139136 the most good looking do you understand that's what the high means it means he's the highest
Olr5aaYA-W4-00180-00139136-00139896 standard of what could be how rich do you get when you behold the most high certainly richer
Olr5aaYA-W4-00181-00140096-00140800 but what happens to you when you start to see into him you realize it's infinite in its scope
Olr5aaYA-W4-00182-00141560-00141920 i suppose there may be a limit to how good looking you can get
Olr5aaYA-W4-00183-00142160-00142608 but i think you understand we could all use a little more help there
Olr5aaYA-W4-00184-00142808-00143552 listen the holy ghost says to you i want you up here with me now that doesn't mean
Olr5aaYA-W4-00185-00143552-00144432 up in heaven he wants you up here with him you're here he wants you up here
Olr5aaYA-W4-00186-00144432-00145216 you're sort of high he wants you higher are you getting this yes i want you up here with me
Olr5aaYA-W4-00187-00145216-00145952 he's the most high above only i'm going to start saying some things that may that you heard before
Olr5aaYA-W4-00188-00145952-00146728 above only and not beneath who's above only not beneath head and not the tail he wants you there
Olr5aaYA-W4-00189-00146816-00147688 listen he wants you there with him had him not the tail above only not beneath
Olr5aaYA-W4-00190-00147848-00148776 healed not sick where's he he's the most high heeled he's the most healed wealthy and not poor
Olr5aaYA-W4-00191-00149000-00149984 over all things and not under he wants you up here with him are you seeing this yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00192-00150112-00151080 he says this is my character and my image is this hear people talk about all my image you ruined
Olr5aaYA-W4-00193-00151080-00151680 my image well the church has ruined the holy ghost's image i'm telling you what his image is
Olr5aaYA-W4-00194-00151840-00152720 is he a poor god is he a sick god is he an old decrepit god you look at him looking at
Olr5aaYA-W4-00195-00152720-00153416 his image what are you changed into his image from glory to glory are you getting this yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00196-00153632-00154184 this is my character my image is this and these are my people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00197-00154344-00155296 these are my people i run with rich people i run with healed people i run with youth renewed people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00198-00155568-00156232 is this you only you can answer that but he said yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00199-00156328-00157016 the holy ghost said yes the holy ghost said yes i asked you a question is this you
Olr5aaYA-W4-00200-00157104-00157520 are you this people the holy ghost said yes let's look at that second
Olr5aaYA-W4-00201-00157520-00158704 corinthians 2 corinthians chapter 1 verse 20 for all of the promises of god in him are yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00202-00158920-00160176 unto the glory of god by us so that fulfilled promise in you is a glory unto god by us by you
Olr5aaYA-W4-00203-00160352-00161008 you're going up in glory say i'm going up in glory and i don't mean i'm going up in
Olr5aaYA-W4-00204-00161008-00161696 glory i mean i'm going up in glory i'm going up another level by seeing him who said yes
Olr5aaYA-W4-00205-00161984-00162976 you fulfilling a promise is you walking in the kingdom his glory on you say his glory on me
Olr5aaYA-W4-00206-00163080-00163984 see you're beholding him and his glory gets on you after his fashion he's quite fashionable you know
Olr5aaYA-W4-00207-00164216-00164856 who's the most high fashion holy ghost say the holy ghost is the most high
Olr5aaYA-W4-00208-00164952-00165880 fashion after his fashion his fashion i wear the fashion of god say that i wear the fashion
Olr5aaYA-W4-00209-00165880-00166784 of god what's his fashion his fashion is healing his fashion is wealth his fashion is youth renew
Olr5aaYA-W4-00210-00167032-00167784 healing is fashionable you wear it youth renewal is fashionable you wear it
Olr5aaYA-W4-00211-00167920-00168896 being rich is fashionable you wear it fashionable unto god it's his fashion you take after him by
Olr5aaYA-W4-00212-00168896-00169696 beholding him the most high and there is no end to it holy ghost i pray for these people
Olr5aaYA-W4-00213-00169696-00170320 i thank you that this message got on them and has strengthened them and changed them and there is no
Olr5aaYA-W4-00214-00170320-00171176 end as they continue up on this climb looking like you acting like you behaving like you and becoming
Olr5aaYA-W4-00215-00171176-00171808 this great people that you've called and ordained to be in this last day and we shall end up owning
Olr5aaYA-W4-00216-00171808-00172840 it all and pleasing you in jesus name amen if you have a tithe or an offering hold it in your hand
Olr5aaYA-W4-00217-00172840-00173592 say this after me holy ghost you are the most high god you're the living god and you know how to live
Olr5aaYA-W4-00218-00173720-00174400 you know how to take me from where i am financially to a higher place
Olr5aaYA-W4-00219-00174480-00175792 and even to the most high place we thank you that you're doing it now in jesus name amen the father
Olr5aaYA-W4-00220-00176528-00177680 your is in the earth today
OlzUHU8uvxE-00000-00000024-00000432 What did you gain from youtube and how did you transition into using BeatStars?
OlzUHU8uvxE-00001-00000544-00001176 Yeah, Youtube, the algorithm is like if you post a beat that day and then you just post like every
OlzUHU8uvxE-00002-00001176-00001664 day, you're guaranteed probably like at least 100 views even if you have nothing, you know when it
OlzUHU8uvxE-00003-00001664-00002120 pops up in that recommended, so Youtube I was doing it like just in the description... hit my
OlzUHU8uvxE-00004-00002120-00002552 email, hit my instagram, whatever, you can buy a beat and then I thought okay, like this is a lot,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00005-00002552-00003080 so somebody sends me an email at 1pm and I'm busy and I don't respond till 5pm, they might not even
OlzUHU8uvxE-00006-00003080-00003440 want that beat anymore or they might not answer me so I'm getting my hopes up thinking there's gonna
OlzUHU8uvxE-00007-00003440-00003968 be a sale and they're not into it anymore because I gave them too much time or I didn't answer well
OlzUHU8uvxE-00008-00003968-00004504 so like when... and people have said to me like get on BeatStars, get on BeatStars and I thought,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00009-00004504-00004896 oh well like maybe I don't need it, maybe I want to be different. I had that kind of hubris where
OlzUHU8uvxE-00010-00004896-00005432 it's like, oh I got to do my own thing... as soon as I made that switch, probably halfway through
OlzUHU8uvxE-00011-00005512-00005992 2019 it just made the process so much better because instead of getting an email saying,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00012-00005992-00006400 "hey I want to buy a beat", I'm getting an email saying they bought the beat and and that like,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00013-00006400-00006728 from there I was just hooked. I'm like BeatStars is the future, BeatStars is where I need to be,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00014-00006800-00007248 I love having my own website, you know I can just put it on my social,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00015-00007248-00007695 people can click it and they can get instant download like it's done wonders for me, unreal.
OlzUHU8uvxE-00016-00008152-00008552 Yeah, I think that's a pretty... I think you're the first person who's laid it out
OlzUHU8uvxE-00017-00008552-00009016 that way is just i mean everybody talks about the quickness of BeatStars and the efficiency
OlzUHU8uvxE-00018-00009016-00009544 but I think the comments of literally getting an email where it's like, oh my god I just
OlzUHU8uvxE-00019-00009608-00009880 made this sale but there's an artist out there that has it I don't have to worry
OlzUHU8uvxE-00020-00009880-00010352 about doing all this back-end admin I think that's pretty incredible and helpful. So,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00021-00010352-00010896 let's talk about when you made the shift to BeatStars. How did you start growing your
OlzUHU8uvxE-00022-00010896-00011352 fan base or your following on there? Were you able to shift your followers from YouTube over
OlzUHU8uvxE-00023-00011352-00011872 or was it reconnecting or sorry connecting with new people like up until this year?
OlzUHU8uvxE-00024-00012152-00012576 I've never been big on the self promo, I've never been like, hey like go listen to this, go listen
OlzUHU8uvxE-00025-00012576-00013128 to that, and like I wasn't even really on social media that much when I started so I was just lucky
OlzUHU8uvxE-00026-00013128-00013600 enough to to have the algorithms working for me and if I was uploading 20-25 beats a month,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00027-00013600-00014096 you know, they were getting heard so the fan base just kind of grew through consistent uploading of
OlzUHU8uvxE-00028-00014096-00014744 content but now that it's 2021 I'm on Instagram, I'm interacting, I'm following people back,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00029-00014744-00015216 I'm realizing how it can take what I'm already doing with the consistent uploading and just blow
OlzUHU8uvxE-00030-00015216-00015688 it up and everybody loves to be affiliated with somebody that shows an interest in their stuff so
OlzUHU8uvxE-00031-00015688-00016119 when you're not ignoring and like not following people and stuff like that, you know
OlzUHU8uvxE-00032-00016119-00016640 it you can do okay. You don't need to be in everybody's face but when you show love back
OlzUHU8uvxE-00033-00016696-00017152 you know you create a fan for life, like you 100% create a fan for life when you show love back.
OlzUHU8uvxE-00034-00017152-00017512 So, what are some of your ways of showing love back?
OlzUHU8uvxE-00035-00017592-00017896 Oh, like collabing with people, you know just commenting on them you know if they
OlzUHU8uvxE-00036-00017896-00018296 want to facetime say what's up, just try to reply to messages and stuff. It can
OlzUHU8uvxE-00037-00018296-00018664 be tough when you have a lot and then you're trying to prioritize, okay like
OlzUHU8uvxE-00038-00018664-00019016 these are my collabs that I'm sending out, this is who I'm working with, this is my upload today,
OlzUHU8uvxE-00039-00019096-00019496 so I apologize to anybody if I'm not replying fast enough but like I really do love all the
OlzUHU8uvxE-00040-00019496-00019888 love and I love showing love back so just always answering, always trying to know
OlzUHU8uvxE-00041-00019888-00021096 give people positive feedback, you know do a beat together, whatever it's gonna be.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00000-00000026-00000330 Vietnam, I think, the first few days you're just waiting to get shot.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00001-00000330-00000977 I don't know how many other Marines feel that way,  but I was just waiting, and then of course you adapt.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00002-00000977-00001602 You have to adapt because you can't function,  you know being afraid. You have to act.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00003-00002470-00002910 His reputation was that he  never ducked, he never crawled.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00004-00002910-00004046 Canley, he may not ever have even fully understood  this himself, but Canley was a fatalist, is a I suppose,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00005-00004046-00004522 but he certainly was then,  and he clearly did believe that if
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00006-00004522-00004884 today was your day, there wasn't  nothing you could do about it.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00007-00005250-00005580 During firefights when we'd be all hugging Mother Earth,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00008-00005788-00006002 he'd be standing up directing us.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00009-00006002-00006414 The result of that is he appeared  to be fearless because he was fearless,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00010-00006414-00007176 and we all considered him totally,  completely, and absolutely without fear.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00011-00007506-00007802 He stood up in the middle of  firefights, I don't know what else to say.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00012-00007884-00008548 I know that might sound unrealistic to people listening, but you'll hear that from every Alpha Company Marine.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00013-00008548-00009052 He gave them a chance, if they  didn't get him in that first 30 seconds,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00014-00009052-00009456 then he said to himself,  I don't have to worry about it today.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00015-00009706-00010498 Gunny Canley was quiet and unlike,  you know, most Marine NCOs and gunnys,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00016-00010498-00010958 he spoke very softly, but the one  thing I got from him, and I didn't
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00017-00010958-00011382 have much contact with him  until Hue City and then after,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00018-00011382-00012282 was he loved his enlisted Marines, and he never  scolded us, he instructed us, but you could feel the love,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00019-00012282-00012672 you really could. I know that's maybe a  tough word, you know in combat Marines,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00020-00012672-00013384 but you could feel the love, and you know, I would screw up something, and it was never a chewing out
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00021-00013384-00013902 it was just this is the way we do it.  So you wanted to do it right for him after that.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00022-00013902-00014368 He is individually and uniquely responsible for saving
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00023-00014513-00014963 saving and or protecting the lives  of a lot of good, young Marines.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00024-00014963-00015500 Good, young Marines of that day,  old gray-haired turds today.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00025-00015874-00017006 All of us, all of us, the lieutenant included  literally worship the ground that he walks on.
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00026-00017006-00017852 He's a special human being, a very, very  special human being, never takes any credit,
PoG-Ye8HL-y-00027-00017852-00018314 never wanted any credit,  just wanted to take care of his Marines.
P0WwSvGi4TI-00000-00000520-00000560 Start
P0WwSvGi4TI-00001-00000720-00000784 Shut Down...
P0WwSvGi4TI-00002-00000919-00000968 OK
P0WwSvGi4TI-00003-00001000-00001360 (Microsoft Windows 98 Shutdown Sound Plays)
P0WwSvGi4TI-00004-00001800-00001936 Windows is shutting down.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00000-00003400-00003600 Welcome.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00001-00003600-00003700 everybody. Thanks for joining
P2hC5dqwvVk-00002-00003700-00003900 us. We'll get started in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00003-00003900-00004100 about 90
P2hC5dqwvVk-00004-00004100-00006900 seconds or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00005-00006900-00007100 Thanks for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00006-00007100-00007300 joining us. We'll get
P2hC5dqwvVk-00007-00007300-00010300 started in about a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00008-00012200-00012400 Glad.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00009-00012400-00012600 you can join us
P2hC5dqwvVk-00010-00012600-00012800 today and we will be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00011-00012800-00013000 starting in about 30
P2hC5dqwvVk-00012-00013000-00015300 seconds.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00013-00015300-00015700 Amazing.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00014-00015700-00015900 All right, well
P2hC5dqwvVk-00015-00015900-00016100 now that we've got that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00016-00016100-00016300 all foot two,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00017-00016300-00016400 right.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00018-00016400-00016500 Let me
P2hC5dqwvVk-00019-00016500-00016700 welcome you. It's time to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00020-00016700-00016800 get
P2hC5dqwvVk-00021-00016800-00017000 started. And Cliff Lynch I'm
P2hC5dqwvVk-00022-00017000-00017200 the Director of the Coalition
P2hC5dqwvVk-00023-00017200-00017300 for Networked
P2hC5dqwvVk-00024-00017300-00017500 Information. And I'll be in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00025-00017500-00017700 this session very
P2hC5dqwvVk-00026-00017700-00017800 briefly.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00027-00017800-00018000 So.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00028-00018000-00018200 you've joined us for one of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00029-00018200-00018400 the project briefing sessions
P2hC5dqwvVk-00030-00018400-00018600 for the start
P2hC5dqwvVk-00031-00018600-00018800 of week two
P2hC5dqwvVk-00032-00018800-00019000 of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00033-00019000-00019200 CNI fall 2020 virtual
P2hC5dqwvVk-00034-00019200-00019400 member meeting this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00035-00019400-00019600 week is focused
P2hC5dqwvVk-00036-00019600-00019800 on organizational and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00037-00019800-00019900 professional kinds of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00038-00019900-00020100 issues. And we have a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00039-00020100-00020300 really timely
P2hC5dqwvVk-00040-00020300-00020500 presentation
P2hC5dqwvVk-00041-00020500-00020600 here.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00042-00020500-00020700 A couple of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00043-00020700-00020900 mechanical things we're recording
P2hC5dqwvVk-00044-00020900-00021000 this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00045-00020900-00021000 session.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00046-00021000-00021100 There
P2hC5dqwvVk-00047-00021100-00021300 is. and it will be subs
P2hC5dqwvVk-00048-00021300-00021500 available
P2hC5dqwvVk-00049-00021500-00021600 there is closed captioning if you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00050-00021600-00021700 want it, there is a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00051-00021700-00021900 chat box and feel free to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00052-00021900-00022100 use the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00053-00022100-00022300 chat to introduce
P2hC5dqwvVk-00054-00022300-00022500 yourself to share thoughts as we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00055-00022500-00022700 go along. There's also a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00056-00022700-00022900 q&a box you can use
P2hC5dqwvVk-00057-00022900-00023000 that to pose
P2hC5dqwvVk-00058-00023000-00023200 questions for our speakers at
P2hC5dqwvVk-00059-00023200-00023400 any point. What we're going to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00060-00023400-00023600 do is have two
P2hC5dqwvVk-00061-00023600-00023800 presentations and we're going to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00062-00023800-00024000 take a Lauren,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00063-00024000-00024200 lead off will take a very
P2hC5dqwvVk-00064-00024200-00024300 short pause
P2hC5dqwvVk-00065-00024300-00024400 between the two and field
P2hC5dqwvVk-00066-00024400-00024600 any questions that there are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00067-00024600-00024800 before moving on to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00068-00024800-00024900 Scott's, I
P2hC5dqwvVk-00069-00024800-00025000 I think that's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00070-00025000-00025200 about, and those questions
P2hC5dqwvVk-00071-00025200-00025400 sessions will be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00072-00025400-00025600 moderated by Diane Goldenberg-Hart from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00073-00025600-00025700 CNI. I think that's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00074-00025700-00025900 about all of them the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00075-00025900-00026100 that I need to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00076-00026100-00026300 touch on, we have to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00077-00026300-00026500 speakers today, Lauren
P2hC5dqwvVk-00078-00026500-00026700 Michael who will lead off
P2hC5dqwvVk-00079-00026700-00026900 she's from the University
P2hC5dqwvVk-00080-00026900-00027100 of Wisconsin at Madison,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00081-00027100-00027200 and Scott
P2hC5dqwvVk-00082-00027200-00027400 Yoko, who is from Harvard
P2hC5dqwvVk-00083-00027400-00027600 University will finish up the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00084-00027600-00027800 presentation.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00085-00027800-00028000 Just briefly, this is a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00086-00028000-00028200 topic that is very near
P2hC5dqwvVk-00087-00028200-00028300 and dear to my heart,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00088-00028300-00028500 Those of you who are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00089-00028500-00028600 seeing eye regulars
P2hC5dqwvVk-00090-00028600-00028800 undoubtedly have heard me say
P2hC5dqwvVk-00091-00028800-00029000 more than once that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00092-00029000-00029200 one of our great
P2hC5dqwvVk-00093-00029200-00029400 challenges. At present,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00094-00029400-00029600 is to do what we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00095-00029600-00029800 spent the last quarter of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00096-00029800-00030000 a century doing with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00097-00030000-00030100 instructional technology
P2hC5dqwvVk-00098-00030100-00030300 to professionalize it and find
P2hC5dqwvVk-00099-00030300-00030500 a place for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00100-00030500-00030700 it inside or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00101-00030700-00030800 institutions. And the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00102-00030800-00031000 challenge now is to do
P2hC5dqwvVk-00103-00031000-00031200 much the same thing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00104-00031200-00031400 with research support
P2hC5dqwvVk-00105-00031400-00031700 Research Computing and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00106-00031700-00031800 And I'm delighted to be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00107-00031800-00032000 able to bring you today,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00108-00032000-00032200 some of the folks who
P2hC5dqwvVk-00109-00032200-00032400 are involved with an
P2hC5dqwvVk-00110-00032400-00032500 organization called karke that you're
P2hC5dqwvVk-00111-00032500-00032700 going to hear more about
P2hC5dqwvVk-00112-00032700-00032800 a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00113-00032800-00033000 minute that are on the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00114-00033000-00033200 front lines of leading
P2hC5dqwvVk-00115-00033200-00033400 this move towards
P2hC5dqwvVk-00116-00033400-00033600 professionalization and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00117-00033600-00033800 institutionalization of these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00118-00033800-00034000 critical roles. I just find it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00119-00034000-00034200 to note
P2hC5dqwvVk-00120-00034200-00034400 note that this presentation and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00121-00034400-00034500 the presentation that took
P2hC5dqwvVk-00122-00034500-00034700 place, just before it to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00123-00034700-00034900 o'clock on
P2hC5dqwvVk-00124-00034900-00035100 benchmarking Research Computing and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00125-00035100-00035300 data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00126-00035300-00035400 capabilities.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00127-00035400-00035600 Really, I
P2hC5dqwvVk-00128-00035600-00035800 believe form a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00129-00035800-00035900 very good
P2hC5dqwvVk-00130-00035900-00036000 peer of session so if you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00131-00036000-00036200 didn't see the one at
P2hC5dqwvVk-00132-00036200-00036300 to either choose to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00133-00036300-00036400 go back and look at the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00134-00036400-00036600 video of that is your
P2hC5dqwvVk-00135-00036600-00036800 time permits
P2hC5dqwvVk-00136-00036800-00037000 And with all of that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00137-00037000-00037100 lead up. Thank you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00138-00037100-00037300 so much, Lauren and Scott for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00139-00037300-00037500 being here. over to you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00140-00037500-00037600 Lord.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00141-00037600-00037700 Lauren.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00142-00037600-00037700 Thank you,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00143-00037700-00037900 Cliff that was a great
P2hC5dqwvVk-00144-00037900-00038100 introduction, and it's called
P2hC5dqwvVk-00145-00038100-00038300 I'm Lauren I'm at UW
P2hC5dqwvVk-00146-00038300-00038400 Madison and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00147-00038400-00038600 beyond the roles that keep me
P2hC5dqwvVk-00148-00038600-00038800 busy generally
P2hC5dqwvVk-00149-00038800-00038900 at the UW and also at the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00150-00038900-00039200 Open Science grid. I also have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00151-00039200-00039300 various roles within
P2hC5dqwvVk-00152-00039300-00039400 karke, which is a Research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00153-00039400-00039500 Research Computing and data community
P2hC5dqwvVk-00154-00039500-00039600 that we hope to speak
P2hC5dqwvVk-00155-00039600-00039800 with you about today as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00156-00039800-00040000 well as diving into
P2hC5dqwvVk-00157-00040000-00040200 some efforts within that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00158-00040200-00040400 organization to support
P2hC5dqwvVk-00159-00040400-00040600 professional development, and to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00160-00040600-00040800 help institutionalized and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00161-00040800-00041000 formalize Research Computing and data roles
P2hC5dqwvVk-00162-00041000-00041100 as a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00163-00041100-00041300 profession. So Scott will take
P2hC5dqwvVk-00164-00041300-00041500 that second part,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00165-00041500-00041600 I'll first discuss
P2hC5dqwvVk-00166-00041600-00041800 what Kirk is how it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00167-00041800-00041900 formed, and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00168-00041900-00042100 how we support professional development
P2hC5dqwvVk-00169-00042100-00042200 through the people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00170-00042200-00042400 network. So karke which stands
P2hC5dqwvVk-00171-00042400-00042600 for campus Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00172-00042600-00042800 consortium is grassroots
P2hC5dqwvVk-00173-00042800-00043000 organization of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00174-00043000-00043200 of professionals that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00175-00043200-00043400 operate advocate for and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00176-00043400-00043600 advance the state of campus
P2hC5dqwvVk-00177-00043600-00043800 research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00178-00043800-00044000 cyberinfrastructure, and also do the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00179-00044000-00044200 same for associated
P2hC5dqwvVk-00180-00044200-00044300 professions relevant to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00181-00044300-00044586 keep the cyber infrastructure and if you're
P2hC5dqwvVk-00182-00044300-00044500 not as familiar with the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00183-00044500-00044700 term cyberinfrastructure
P2hC5dqwvVk-00184-00044700-00044800 think Research Computing and data,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00185-00044800-00044900 data, which is really the terminology
P2hC5dqwvVk-00186-00044900-00045100 that we tend to us on the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00187-00045100-00045300 website will remain to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00188-00045300-00045500 be fairly inclusive of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00189-00045500-00045800 anybody who supports
P2hC5dqwvVk-00190-00045800-00046000 operates. Not just computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00191-00046000-00046200 and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00192-00046200-00046300 infrastructure. But
P2hC5dqwvVk-00193-00046300-00046500 human support for researchers who take it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00194-00046500-00046700 of that infrastructure,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00195-00046700-00046900 infrastructure, with, whether that be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00196-00046900-00047100 computational clusters
P2hC5dqwvVk-00197-00047100-00047200 data storage and creation services,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00198-00047200-00047400 even really data scientists and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00199-00047400-00047600 people who work with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00200-00047600-00047800 software that works on
P2hC5dqwvVk-00201-00047800-00048000 data for research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00202-00048000-00048100 and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00203-00048100-00048400 karke kind of pulling together from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00204-00048400-00048500 a history of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00205-00048500-00048700 and projects, among this can
P2hC5dqwvVk-00206-00048700-00048900 of individuals, some of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00207-00048900-00049100 them leaders of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00208-00049100-00049200 campus
P2hC5dqwvVk-00209-00049200-00049400 services, really does sort of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00210-00049400-00049600 several things. One, it provides
P2hC5dqwvVk-00211-00049600-00049800 the professional community,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00212-00049800-00049900 whereby individuals who work in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00213-00049900-00050100 research cyberinfrastructure can learn from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00214-00050100-00050200 each other in what we call
P2hC5dqwvVk-00215-00050200-00050400 call the people network that I'll
P2hC5dqwvVk-00216-00050400-00050600 describe in more detail that's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00217-00050400-00050600 we think of the sort
P2hC5dqwvVk-00218-00050600-00050800 of a virtual ongoing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00219-00050800-00050900 conference.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00220-00050800-00051000 We
P2hC5dqwvVk-00221-00051000-00051200 also provide
P2hC5dqwvVk-00222-00051200-00051300 infrastructure like email
P2hC5dqwvVk-00223-00051300-00051500 lists, Google Groups similar to what we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00224-00051500-00051700 use in the people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00225-00051700-00051900 network to organize, members of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00226-00051900-00052100 community into working groups that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00227-00052100-00052300 that have been
P2hC5dqwvVk-00228-00052300-00052500 identified with specific objectives
P2hC5dqwvVk-00229-00052500-00052700 are products that could benefit the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00230-00052700-00052800 greater
P2hC5dqwvVk-00231-00052700-00052800 community.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00232-00052700-00052900 What you'll hear
P2hC5dqwvVk-00233-00052900-00053100 about later from Scott is some of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00234-00053100-00053300 our work on professionalization and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00235-00053300-00053400 workforce development for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00236-00053400-00053600 roles relevant to Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00237-00053600-00053700 and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00238-00053700-00053800 In the previous
P2hC5dqwvVk-00239-00053800-00054000 session Cliff already mentioned that there was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00240-00054000-00054200 a presentation
P2hC5dqwvVk-00241-00054200-00054400 on outcomes of our
P2hC5dqwvVk-00242-00054400-00054600 working group on developing a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00243-00054600-00054800 capabilities model for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00244-00054800-00055000 institutions to assess
P2hC5dqwvVk-00245-00055000-00055100 the sort of state of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00246-00055100-00055300 computing and data services and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00247-00055300-00055400 capabilities on their
P2hC5dqwvVk-00248-00055400-00055600 campus. We are the working
P2hC5dqwvVk-00249-00055600-00055800 but another
P2hC5dqwvVk-00250-00055800-00056000 one that has
P2hC5dqwvVk-00251-00056000-00056200 had sort of frequent
P2hC5dqwvVk-00252-00056200-00056400 reinstatements of sort of just
P2hC5dqwvVk-00253-00056400-00056500 serving the research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00254-00056500-00056700 it and research cyberinfrastructure structure
P2hC5dqwvVk-00255-00056700-00056900 ecosystem is a working group that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00256-00056900-00057100 has executed
P2hC5dqwvVk-00257-00057100-00057300 karke sponsored
P2hC5dqwvVk-00258-00057300-00057400 workshops
P2hC5dqwvVk-00259-00057400-00057600 sponsored workshops surveys of research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00260-00057600-00057700 cyberinfrastructure services,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00261-00057700-00057900 and there was a paper
P2hC5dqwvVk-00262-00057900-00058100 submitted to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00263-00058100-00058300 the perk conference practice and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00264-00058300-00058400 experience and Advanced Research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00265-00058400-00058600 Computing that had a snapshot
P2hC5dqwvVk-00266-00058600-00058800 of that ecosystem that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00267-00058800-00059000 have other working groups that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00268-00059000-00059200 focus on things like Parker
P2hC5dqwvVk-00269-00059200-00059300 charter, etc and then
P2hC5dqwvVk-00270-00059300-00059500 we also support the formation
P2hC5dqwvVk-00271-00059500-00059700 of interest
P2hC5dqwvVk-00272-00059700-00059800 groups that might lead to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00273-00059800-00059900 objectives are working groups but
P2hC5dqwvVk-00274-00059900-00060100 can otherwise just be a way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00275-00060100-00060300 for individuals to discuss issues
P2hC5dqwvVk-00276-00060300-00060400 relevant to the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00277-00060400-00060500 ecosystem.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00278-00060500-00060600 And you can see in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00279-00060600-00060800 this diagram here that we've sort
P2hC5dqwvVk-00280-00060800-00061000 of demonstrated the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00281-00061000-00061100 set of activities, we have a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00282-00061100-00061300 logistics team that really is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00283-00061300-00061400 just in charge of maintaining some
P2hC5dqwvVk-00284-00061400-00061600 of that common infrastructure like the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00285-00061600-00061800 Google Groups and email lists that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00286-00061800-00061900 support the people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00287-00061900-00062100 network. And these working in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00288-00062100-00062200 interest groups, and I'll talk a bit
P2hC5dqwvVk-00289-00062200-00062400 more about the people that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00290-00062400-00062600 now.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00291-00062600-00062800 which
P2hC5dqwvVk-00292-00062800-00063000 includes several tracks
P2hC5dqwvVk-00293-00063000-00063100 that professionals in this field
P2hC5dqwvVk-00294-00063100-00063300 might ascribe to and therefore
P2hC5dqwvVk-00295-00063300-00063500 engage
P2hC5dqwvVk-00296-00063500-00063600 with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00297-00063600-00063700 Scott Can we go
P2hC5dqwvVk-00298-00063700-00063900 back to the principles and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00299-00063900-00064100 charter. Yes,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00300-00064100-00064200 So, a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00301-00064200-00064400 few things that we like to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00302-00064400-00064600 communicate about
P2hC5dqwvVk-00303-00064600-00064700 carc that are really sort of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00304-00064700-00064900 built into the principles of how
P2hC5dqwvVk-00305-00064900-00065100 karke operates and how it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00306-00065100-00065200 supports community
P2hC5dqwvVk-00307-00065200-00065300 activities.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00308-00065200-00065400 We try to be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00309-00065400-00065500 very inclusive and open we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00310-00065500-00065600 think of all of these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00311-00065600-00065800 activities as community owned owned
P2hC5dqwvVk-00312-00065800-00066000 by the community of professionals
P2hC5dqwvVk-00313-00066000-00066200 themselves and not
P2hC5dqwvVk-00314-00066200-00066300 say by karke therefore they're
P2hC5dqwvVk-00315-00066300-00066500 open they're for the products
P2hC5dqwvVk-00316-00066500-00066600 that, that we put out
P2hC5dqwvVk-00317-00066600-00066800 can be used and taken up by
P2hC5dqwvVk-00318-00066800-00066900 anybody.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00319-00066900-00067000 We try
P2hC5dqwvVk-00320-00067000-00067100 to facilitate and span boundaries
P2hC5dqwvVk-00321-00067100-00067300 there are a number of other
P2hC5dqwvVk-00322-00067300-00067500 organizations and the Research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00323-00067500-00067700 Computing and data space
P2hC5dqwvVk-00324-00067700-00067900 that either represent professional development and can
P2hC5dqwvVk-00325-00067900-00068100 building
P2hC5dqwvVk-00326-00068100-00068200 opportunities.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00327-00068100-00068300 And so we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00328-00068300-00068400 tend to partner with those.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00329-00068400-00068500 and tried to make sure that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00330-00068500-00068700 we're representing everybody who who
P2hC5dqwvVk-00331-00068700-00068800 touches or thinks of themselves as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00332-00068800-00069000 being involved in research computing and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00333-00069000-00069100 data.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00334-00069100-00069300 Next
P2hC5dqwvVk-00335-00069300-00069400 slide
P2hC5dqwvVk-00336-00069400-00069500 And so in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00337-00069400-00069600 our work with the people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00338-00069600-00069800 network, you know, we started
P2hC5dqwvVk-00339-00069800-00070000 by looking across, you know
P2hC5dqwvVk-00340-00070000-00070200 some existing communities of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00341-00070200-00070300 professionals that were maybe subsets of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00342-00070300-00070400 the Research Computing and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00343-00070400-00070600 community. We were thinking, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00344-00070600-00070700 know if you needed when we need
P2hC5dqwvVk-00345-00070700-00070900 to pursue something that's relatively
P2hC5dqwvVk-00346-00070900-00071000 new or cutting edge. Where
P2hC5dqwvVk-00347-00071000-00071200 do these individuals turn for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00348-00071200-00071400 professional
P2hC5dqwvVk-00349-00071400-00071600 development, a downside
P2hC5dqwvVk-00350-00071600-00071800 currently, I think, for this field
P2hC5dqwvVk-00351-00071800-00072000 is that there are some
P2hC5dqwvVk-00352-00072000-00072193 formalized trainings etc that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00353-00072000-00072200 tend to be more oriented
P2hC5dqwvVk-00354-00072200-00072400 toward enterprise IT and that don't
P2hC5dqwvVk-00355-00072400-00072600 necessarily
P2hC5dqwvVk-00356-00072600-00072700 target research cyberinfrastructure
P2hC5dqwvVk-00357-00072700-00072900 specifically. And so what a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00358-00072900-00073100 lot of us do is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00359-00073100-00073200 that we talk
P2hC5dqwvVk-00360-00073200-00073400 to our friends we go
P2hC5dqwvVk-00361-00073400-00073500 to conferences and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00362-00073500-00073700 really in reality we do a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00363-00073700-00073900 lot by doing. We learn a lot.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00364-00073900-00074100 by doing. And by
P2hC5dqwvVk-00365-00074100-00074300 doing research even in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00366-00074300-00074500 cyberinfrastructure alongside running cyber infrastructure that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00367-00074500-00074700 supports research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00368-00074700-00074826 but conferences are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00369-00074700-00074900 kind of general only once
P2hC5dqwvVk-00370-00074900-00075000 per year. And there certainly
P2hC5dqwvVk-00371-00075000-00075200 has been quite a bit of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00372-00075200-00075300 success in sort
P2hC5dqwvVk-00373-00075300-00075400 of email Center at or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00374-00075400-00075500 at or call center and communities that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00375-00075500-00075700 we thought we might bring to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00376-00075700-00075900 this, inclusive
P2hC5dqwvVk-00377-00075900-00076000 community.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00378-00075900-00076100 And
P2hC5dqwvVk-00379-00076100-00076200 so, next
P2hC5dqwvVk-00380-00076200-00076300 slide.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00381-00076200-00076400 And we started the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00382-00076400-00076600 people network,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00383-00076600-00076800 representing different sort of facets
P2hC5dqwvVk-00384-00076800-00076900 or what we've called
P2hC5dqwvVk-00385-00076900-00077100 facings, which Scott will elaborate
P2hC5dqwvVk-00386-00077100-00077200 on, and this is how
P2hC5dqwvVk-00387-00077200-00077400 you know one of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00388-00077400-00077600 frameworks that prior work and sort
P2hC5dqwvVk-00389-00077600-00077700 of workshops.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00390-00077700-00077886 by members of this community
P2hC5dqwvVk-00391-00077700-00078000 have have kind of put
P2hC5dqwvVk-00392-00078000-00078100 together to express the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00393-00078100-00078200 different areas of the profession
P2hC5dqwvVk-00394-00078200-00078400 so there are individuals who
P2hC5dqwvVk-00395-00078400-00078500 are researcher facing meaning they
P2hC5dqwvVk-00396-00078500-00078700 do consulting facilitation outreach and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00397-00078700-00078900 training. Some people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00398-00078900-00079100 who run computing and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00399-00079100-00079300 systems including
P2hC5dqwvVk-00400-00079300-00079400 hardware and network
P2hC5dqwvVk-00401-00079400-00079600 components, people who are data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00402-00079600-00079800 facing,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00403-00079800-00080000 including librarians people doing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00404-00080000-00080100 analysis
P2hC5dqwvVk-00405-00080100-00080200 preservation.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00406-00080100-00080300 There are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00407-00080300-00080500 leaders. There's a software
P2hC5dqwvVk-00408-00080500-00080700 facing entity within
P2hC5dqwvVk-00409-00080700-00080900 these professional roles as well. We
P2hC5dqwvVk-00410-00080900-00081100 haven't executed that track
P2hC5dqwvVk-00411-00081100-00081200 yet. Within the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00412-00081200-00081400 people that were partially because they're sort
P2hC5dqwvVk-00413-00081400-00081600 of already isn't a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00414-00081600-00081800 community that we collaborate with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00415-00081800-00081900 called the research software engineers
P2hC5dqwvVk-00416-00081900-00082100 community or RSS that you may
P2hC5dqwvVk-00417-00082100-00082200 have heard
P2hC5dqwvVk-00418-00082200-00082300 of.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00419-00082200-00082400 So
P2hC5dqwvVk-00420-00082400-00082500 next
P2hC5dqwvVk-00421-00082500-00082600 slide.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00422-00082500-00082700 To
P2hC5dqwvVk-00423-00082700-00082800 date, where each of these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00424-00082800-00082900 communities has an email list
P2hC5dqwvVk-00425-00082900-00083000 monthly calls and a couple of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00426-00083000-00083200 coordinators, you don't really lead or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00427-00083200-00083400 own but I'm just
P2hC5dqwvVk-00428-00083400-00083600 helping each
P2hC5dqwvVk-00429-00083600-00083800 track or sub community organize them
P2hC5dqwvVk-00430-00083800-00083900 This is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00431-00083900-00084000 the sort of breakdown of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00432-00084000-00084200 memberships so we've got hundreds
P2hC5dqwvVk-00433-00084200-00084400 of institutions
P2hC5dqwvVk-00434-00084400-00084500 participating.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00435-00084400-00084600 Not all of them
P2hC5dqwvVk-00436-00084600-00084800 are from Edu course we have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00437-00084800-00084900 some email addresses that are r
P2hC5dqwvVk-00438-00084900-00085100 Gmail, but we're sort of trying to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00439-00085100-00085300 represent with email domains.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00440-00085300-00085400 maybe something close
P2hC5dqwvVk-00441-00085400-00085600 to the number of organizations
P2hC5dqwvVk-00442-00085600-00085700 with professionals
P2hC5dqwvVk-00443-00085700-00085800 participating.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00444-00085700-00085900 And we've
P2hC5dqwvVk-00445-00085900-00086000 had quite a few people out of their way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00446-00086000-00086200 to sign in to call
P2hC5dqwvVk-00447-00086200-00086400 call documents. We
P2hC5dqwvVk-00448-00086400-00086600 also record of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00449-00086600-00086800 significant number nearly all of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00450-00086800-00086900 these monthly calls.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00451-00086900-00087000 Whenever we can and put them on
P2hC5dqwvVk-00452-00087000-00087200 YouTube so they're quite a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00453-00087200-00087400 few views there, and,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00454-00087400-00087600 and zoom connections as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00455-00087600-00087700 well.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00456-00087700-00087900 Next
P2hC5dqwvVk-00457-00087900-00088000 and.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00458-00088000-00088100 slide. Yep, this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00459-00088100-00088200 one.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00460-00088200-00088300 I've
P2hC5dqwvVk-00461-00088300-00088500 gathered if you're interested in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00462-00088500-00088700 perhaps joining the people
P2hC5dqwvVk-00463-00088700-00088800 network topics that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00464-00088800-00089000 have come up with in each
P2hC5dqwvVk-00465-00089000-00089100 community that they've decided they
P2hC5dqwvVk-00466-00089100-00089300 wanted to discuss, or that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00467-00089300-00089400 one of their community members thought they
P2hC5dqwvVk-00468-00089400-00089600 could present their own story
P2hC5dqwvVk-00469-00089600-00089700 on the format for these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00470-00089700-00092700 calls is not always like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00471-00095900-00096100 I just
P2hC5dqwvVk-00472-00096100-00096200 quickly wanted to ask Lauren
P2hC5dqwvVk-00473-00096200-00096400 is there. Are there opportunities
P2hC5dqwvVk-00474-00096400-00096600 for students to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00475-00096600-00096800 interface with professionals through
P2hC5dqwvVk-00476-00096800-00097000 karke. Yes. Currently we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00477-00097000-00097100 don't have anything that would
P2hC5dqwvVk-00478-00097100-00097300 restrict students from participating in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00479-00097300-00097500 the people network. And we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00480-00097500-00097700 certainly even have discussed in some
P2hC5dqwvVk-00481-00097700-00097800 of the communities, I think, one
P2hC5dqwvVk-00482-00097800-00098000 of the topics actually was student
P2hC5dqwvVk-00483-00098000-00098100 employees.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00484-00098000-00098200 So we do
P2hC5dqwvVk-00485-00098200-00098300 have students who are engaging, I
P2hC5dqwvVk-00486-00098300-00098500 think that's an area where
P2hC5dqwvVk-00487-00098500-00098600 we could engage
P2hC5dqwvVk-00488-00098600-00098700 more.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00489-00098600-00098800 Okay. Thank
P2hC5dqwvVk-00490-00098800-00098900 Okay, I'm not
P2hC5dqwvVk-00491-00098900-00099100 seeing any questions come in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00492-00099100-00099200 through the q&a right now, so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00493-00099200-00099400 thank you for taking that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00494-00099400-00099600 break. We can do more
P2hC5dqwvVk-00495-00099600-00099700 fans.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00496-00099600-00099900 Thanks so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00497-00099900-00100100 So I'm Scott
P2hC5dqwvVk-00498-00100100-00100200 Yoko our university.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00499-00100200-00100400 I've engaged with cart, I guess
P2hC5dqwvVk-00500-00100400-00100500 since the beginning
P2hC5dqwvVk-00501-00100500-00100700 and Lauren and I and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00502-00100700-00100800 a few others, cross a couple
P2hC5dqwvVk-00503-00100800-00101000 of institutions were part of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00504-00101000-00101200 the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00505-00101200-00101400 ACI ref program, which was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00506-00101400-00101600 the an NSF grant called
P2hC5dqwvVk-00507-00101600-00101800 Advanced Cyber Infrastructure research,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00508-00101800-00101900 education and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00509-00101800-00101900 facilitation.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00510-00101900-00102000 And
P2hC5dqwvVk-00511-00101900-00102100 so a lot of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00512-00102100-00102300 like understanding how to operate as a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00513-00102300-00102400 virtual
P2hC5dqwvVk-00514-00102400-00102600 virtual organization started out of that kind of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00515-00102600-00102700 space and then current
P2hC5dqwvVk-00516-00102700-00102900 formed, surely at the end of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00517-00102900-00103000 that grant
P2hC5dqwvVk-00518-00103000-00103100 and it's kind of interesting
P2hC5dqwvVk-00519-00103100-00103200 now that the norm is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00520-00103200-00103400 to have these conferences these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00521-00103400-00103500 conversations all over zoom
P2hC5dqwvVk-00522-00103500-00103600 were all really well practiced
P2hC5dqwvVk-00523-00103600-00103800 at it and had all these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00524-00103800-00104000 skills that we already
P2hC5dqwvVk-00525-00104000-00104200 built from that, and so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00526-00104200-00104300 one of the things that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00527-00104300-00104400 we all struggled with and it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00528-00104400-00104500 became interesting at that point
P2hC5dqwvVk-00529-00104500-00104700 of the end of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00530-00104700-00104900 ACA rough program was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00531-00104900-00105100 the, the concept of a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00532-00105100-00105300 facilitator as a position
P2hC5dqwvVk-00533-00105300-00105400 was actually really relatively
P2hC5dqwvVk-00534-00105400-00105600 new, and we're starting to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00535-00105600-00105800 see whole
P2hC5dqwvVk-00536-00105800-00105900 organizations like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00537-00105900-00106100 create and want to have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00538-00106100-00106200 have something like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00539-00106200-00106300 that.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00540-00106200-00106400 So, we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00541-00106400-00106500 started to talk about why
P2hC5dqwvVk-00542-00106500-00106700 having professional, like why do we need
P2hC5dqwvVk-00543-00106700-00106900 to professionalize and think
P2hC5dqwvVk-00544-00106900-00107100 more about restrict union and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00545-00107100-00107200 data.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00546-00107100-00107200 Some of the top
P2hC5dqwvVk-00547-00107200-00107400 things are there's a national
P2hC5dqwvVk-00548-00107400-00107500 shortage for these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00549-00107500-00107700 people. There's national shortage for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00550-00107700-00107800 it in general but there's especially
P2hC5dqwvVk-00551-00107800-00108000 as shortage most of us
P2hC5dqwvVk-00552-00108000-00108100 go through long
P2hC5dqwvVk-00553-00108100-00108300 searches to find people to fill
P2hC5dqwvVk-00554-00108300-00108400 these positions. There's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00555-00108400-00108600 little awareness that this is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00556-00108600-00108800 even a career. There's so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00557-00108800-00109000 many postdocs and graduate students at
P2hC5dqwvVk-00558-00109000-00109200 that are in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00559-00109200-00109400 the modeling and simulation space,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00560-00109400-00109600 but don't realize they could
P2hC5dqwvVk-00561-00109600-00109800 continue to stay in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00562-00109800-00109900 academia and transition into
P2hC5dqwvVk-00563-00109900-00110100 this, this kind of support
P2hC5dqwvVk-00564-00110100-00110300 role in research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00565-00110300-00110500 and not, you know, not choose
P2hC5dqwvVk-00566-00110500-00110600 other
P2hC5dqwvVk-00567-00110500-00110600 pounds.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00568-00110600-00110700 There's also
P2hC5dqwvVk-00569-00110600-00110800 a high employee turnover which
P2hC5dqwvVk-00570-00110800-00110900 is hard. We're in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00571-00110900-00111000 business of educating people on
P2hC5dqwvVk-00572-00111000-00111200 university we do it also
P2hC5dqwvVk-00573-00111200-00111400 within our staffing because we are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00574-00111400-00111600 doing something relatively
P2hC5dqwvVk-00575-00111600-00111700 new.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00576-00111600-00111700 And so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00577-00111700-00111900 those people, like in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00578-00111900-00112000 Boston area.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00579-00112000-00112200 My, my employees don't have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00580-00112200-00112400 to move anywhere to take a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00581-00112400-00112500 job at Google
P2hC5dqwvVk-00582-00112500-00112600 or, you know, or any of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00583-00112600-00112700 those types of places they can
P2hC5dqwvVk-00584-00112700-00112900 just go down the street and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00585-00112900-00113000 Cambridge.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00586-00112900-00113000 It's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00587-00113000-00113100 also hard because it's hard
P2hC5dqwvVk-00588-00113100-00113300 to train there was we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00589-00113300-00113400 talked about that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00590-00113400-00113600 before. In our structure and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00591-00113600-00113700 our universities developing and promoting them
P2hC5dqwvVk-00592-00113700-00113900 as a challenge because there
P2hC5dqwvVk-00593-00113900-00114000 are not, there's just two
P2hC5dqwvVk-00594-00114000-00114200 classes a position like an entry
P2hC5dqwvVk-00595-00114200-00114400 level class and then the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00596-00114400-00114600 senior position, anything beyond that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00597-00114600-00114700 was management, which
P2hC5dqwvVk-00598-00114700-00114900 is not always the best
P2hC5dqwvVk-00599-00114900-00115100 path forward for some
P2hC5dqwvVk-00600-00115100-00115200 people.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00601-00115100-00115300 It's also
P2hC5dqwvVk-00602-00115300-00115500 very distinctive
P2hC5dqwvVk-00603-00115500-00115700 occupation from administrative or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00604-00115700-00115900 enterprise at in the fact
P2hC5dqwvVk-00605-00115900-00116100 that those
P2hC5dqwvVk-00606-00116100-00116300 those positions tend to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00607-00116300-00116500 have a vertical
P2hC5dqwvVk-00608-00116500-00116700 depth and last
P2hC5dqwvVk-00609-00116700-00116800 horizontal breath to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00610-00116800-00116900 to them, and they tend
P2hC5dqwvVk-00611-00116900-00117100 to create things that are more of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00612-00117100-00117200 a utility for the canvas
P2hC5dqwvVk-00613-00117200-00117400 instead of trying to craft
P2hC5dqwvVk-00614-00117400-00117500 solutions alongside of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00615-00117500-00117600 the customer, like the end
P2hC5dqwvVk-00616-00117600-00117800 user. So for us for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00617-00117800-00117900 researchers
P2hC5dqwvVk-00618-00117900-00118100 and, and there's a lot of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00619-00118100-00118200 times when the things that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00620-00118200-00118400 are trying to deploy our
P2hC5dqwvVk-00621-00118400-00118500 unique, they're not, there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00622-00118500-00118600 no manual on how to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00623-00118600-00118800 to install that software there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00624-00118800-00119000 no, there's not very much
P2hC5dqwvVk-00625-00119000-00119100 knowledge historically about how to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00626-00119100-00119200 run that you know file
P2hC5dqwvVk-00627-00119200-00119400 system or something that's fairly
P2hC5dqwvVk-00628-00119400-00119500 new. So that led
P2hC5dqwvVk-00629-00119500-00119700 us to do a lot
P2hC5dqwvVk-00630-00119700-00119800 more. So there was a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00631-00119800-00119900 series, someone walking through a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00632-00119900-00120000 little bit history of a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00633-00120000-00120200 couple of years there was a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00634-00120200-00120300 series of meetings that was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00635-00120300-00120400 part of a research coordination
P2hC5dqwvVk-00636-00120400-00120600 coordination network started I think
P2hC5dqwvVk-00637-00120600-00120800 in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00638-00120800-00121000 2017, and a group of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00639-00121000-00121200 us about 30 or so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00640-00121200-00121400 Director of Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00641-00121400-00121600 and a bunch
P2hC5dqwvVk-00642-00121600-00121800 of organizational sociologist started to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00643-00121800-00122000 talk about what does
P2hC5dqwvVk-00644-00122000-00122126 professionalization
P2hC5dqwvVk-00645-00122000-00122100 me.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00646-00122000-00122200 So in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00647-00122200-00122300 library since they've gone through the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00648-00122300-00122400 very formal sense of it you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00649-00122400-00122600 got all the way down these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00650-00122600-00122800 steps right to create
P2hC5dqwvVk-00651-00122800-00123000 formal graduate
P2hC5dqwvVk-00652-00123000-00123100 programs in schools of of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00653-00123100-00123300 Library and Information Science and stuff like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00654-00123300-00123400 that, in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00655-00123400-00123600 In Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00656-00123600-00123800 or research it as you'll
P2hC5dqwvVk-00657-00123800-00124000 see a couple different pens will change
P2hC5dqwvVk-00658-00124000-00124200 the terms. It looks like,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00659-00124200-00124400 probably steps 123 would be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00660-00124400-00124600 nice as a place to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00661-00124600-00124713 to hit this point
P2hC5dqwvVk-00662-00124600-00124800 where we get to the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00663-00124800-00124900 point where we we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00664-00124900-00125100 organize, what is the knowledge
P2hC5dqwvVk-00665-00125100-00125300 base, we disseminate it as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00666-00125300-00125500 a practice, and we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00667-00125500-00125700 start to organize the WHO
P2hC5dqwvVk-00668-00125700-00125900 the people are an
P2hC5dqwvVk-00669-00125900-00126100 like what management looks like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00670-00126100-00126200 what individual contributors look like and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00671-00126200-00126400 stuff like that, to go
P2hC5dqwvVk-00672-00126400-00126600 beyond that would would make it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00673-00126600-00126700 much more
P2hC5dqwvVk-00674-00126700-00126900 rigid kind of situation where we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00675-00126900-00127000 need something to be continually
P2hC5dqwvVk-00676-00127000-00127200 updating and changing every couple
P2hC5dqwvVk-00677-00127200-00127300 years to go along with the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00678-00127300-00127500 path of the research. so we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00679-00127500-00127600 think of ourselves as kind of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00680-00127600-00127800 stuffy probably after step three
P2hC5dqwvVk-00681-00127800-00128000 there. So we've had
P2hC5dqwvVk-00682-00128000-00128200 a working group that's kind
P2hC5dqwvVk-00683-00128200-00128300 of keeps revolving every
P2hC5dqwvVk-00684-00128300-00128500 year. And coming out with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00685-00128500-00128700 different products, that's a part
P2hC5dqwvVk-00686-00128700-00128900 of supporting
P2hC5dqwvVk-00687-00128900-00129000 professionalization
P2hC5dqwvVk-00688-00129000-00129100 And the goal is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00689-00129100-00129300 really to develop and disseminate
P2hC5dqwvVk-00690-00129300-00129400 frameworks and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00691-00129400-00129600 and approaches to to use
P2hC5dqwvVk-00692-00129600-00129800 with institutional leaders, and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00693-00129800-00130000 HR in it, and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00694-00130000-00130200 research, so that we can
P2hC5dqwvVk-00695-00130200-00130300 elevate Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00696-00130300-00130500 data as a distinct and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00697-00130500-00130600 highly valued career
P2hC5dqwvVk-00698-00130600-00130700 path.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00699-00130700-00130840 That's one thing that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00700-00130700-00130900 we look at the libraries
P2hC5dqwvVk-00701-00130900-00131000 and the libraries have done
P2hC5dqwvVk-00702-00131000-00131200 that historically and done a really good
P2hC5dqwvVk-00703-00131200-00131400 job, there's a there's a, there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00704-00131400-00131500 an elevation of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00705-00131400-00131600 a librarian and a lot of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00706-00131600-00131800 universities that is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00707-00131800-00132000 similar and have similar tracks
P2hC5dqwvVk-00708-00132000-00132100 as professorships which
P2hC5dqwvVk-00709-00132100-00132300 is, which kind of shows
P2hC5dqwvVk-00710-00132300-00132400 that that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00711-00132400-00132600 value, the value that we can
P2hC5dqwvVk-00712-00132600-00132800 also provide is attracting retaining
P2hC5dqwvVk-00713-00132800-00133000 diversifying the talent that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00714-00133000-00133100 need to support research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00715-00133100-00133200 computing and data right and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00716-00133200-00133400 develop new practices in that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00717-00133400-00133500 space. So
P2hC5dqwvVk-00718-00133500-00133700 in 2018 we got to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00719-00133700-00133800 and try to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00720-00133800-00134000 think about these things and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00721-00134000-00134200 write up a document let's come
P2hC5dqwvVk-00722-00134200-00134400 up with a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00723-00134400-00134500 career guide about and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00724-00134500-00134700 define what are the roles in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00725-00134700-00134800 responsibilities of these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00726-00134800-00134900 jobs. So we got together
P2hC5dqwvVk-00727-00134900-00135100 learned about what some of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00728-00135100-00135300 our colleagues had done thus far and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00729-00135300-00135500 that space. We
P2hC5dqwvVk-00730-00135500-00135700 developed a flexible framework, and wrote
P2hC5dqwvVk-00731-00135700-00135900 a 30 page
P2hC5dqwvVk-00732-00135900-00136000 paper on that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00733-00136000-00136200 internally. And we vetted the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00734-00136200-00136400 concept of these different
P2hC5dqwvVk-00735-00136400-00136500 faces and actually help that was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00736-00136500-00136600 was one of the things
P2hC5dqwvVk-00737-00136600-00136800 that were interested to see
P2hC5dqwvVk-00738-00136800-00136900 come out those,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00739-00136900-00137100 those all solidified and everybody agreed we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00740-00137100-00137200 should stay with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00741-00137200-00137300 this.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00742-00137300-00137400 So then we wrote
P2hC5dqwvVk-00743-00137400-00137600 different sections, defining what those
P2hC5dqwvVk-00744-00137600-00137700 were.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00745-00137600-00137700 And then the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00746-00137700-00137900 other thing is to be able
P2hC5dqwvVk-00747-00137900-00138100 to understand the way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00748-00138100-00138300 to communicate the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00749-00138300-00138400 differences in the facings and different
P2hC5dqwvVk-00750-00138400-00138600 different levels of interest in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00751-00138600-00138800 needs of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00752-00138800-00139000 different staffing and understanding
P2hC5dqwvVk-00753-00139000-00139200 that we have lots of varieties
P2hC5dqwvVk-00754-00139200-00139400 of different institutions small
P2hC5dqwvVk-00755-00139400-00139500 large private public, you know from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00756-00139500-00139700 AP score states and from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00757-00139700-00139800 not, and we need to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00758-00139800-00140000 understand how to build a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00759-00140000-00140200 framework across that all of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00760-00140200-00140300 that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00761-00140200-00140400 And
P2hC5dqwvVk-00762-00140400-00140500 then the next step that came
P2hC5dqwvVk-00763-00140500-00140700 out of that was the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00764-00140700-00140900 result that we needed some
P2hC5dqwvVk-00765-00140900-00141060 also an actual framework
P2hC5dqwvVk-00766-00140900-00141100 that we could use with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00767-00141100-00141200 HR like the structures that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00768-00141200-00141300 are in place we need to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00769-00141300-00141500 be able to provide them
P2hC5dqwvVk-00770-00141500-00141600 those things and not
P2hC5dqwvVk-00771-00141600-00141800 come from the fact that we're
P2hC5dqwvVk-00772-00141800-00141900 just developing them individually at our
P2hC5dqwvVk-00773-00141900-00142000 own institution but it's something
P2hC5dqwvVk-00774-00142000-00142200 that's being used across all
P2hC5dqwvVk-00775-00142200-00142400 of the US economic
P2hC5dqwvVk-00776-00142400-00142500 space.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00777-00142500-00142600 On top of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00778-00142600-00142800 that, that workshop, some themes came
P2hC5dqwvVk-00779-00142800-00142900 out that have resonated in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00780-00142900-00143000 continue to resonate today and we'll see
P2hC5dqwvVk-00781-00143000-00143200 you get a slightly towards
P2hC5dqwvVk-00782-00143200-00143400 the end. The idea that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00783-00143400-00143600 we co create or partner
P2hC5dqwvVk-00784-00143600-00143800 with the researchers to come
P2hC5dqwvVk-00785-00143800-00144000 up with
P2hC5dqwvVk-00786-00144000-00144100 solutions and career paths, or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00787-00144100-00144300 important and we don't have that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00788-00144300-00144400 most. The idea that there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00789-00144400-00144500 an increasing amount of things that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00790-00144500-00144700 are just digital in nature
P2hC5dqwvVk-00791-00144700-00144900 Now, that is causing what
P2hC5dqwvVk-00792-00144900-00145100 used to be for us
P2hC5dqwvVk-00793-00145100-00145200 mostly high performance computing,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00794-00145200-00145400 very centric to that, it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00795-00145400-00145600 just keeps growing and now we find
P2hC5dqwvVk-00796-00145600-00145700 ourselves overlapping
P2hC5dqwvVk-00797-00145700-00145900 doing a lot of work
P2hC5dqwvVk-00798-00145900-00146000 and partnering across campuses, with the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00799-00146000-00146200 scientists, with digital librarians and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00800-00146200-00146400 other other
P2hC5dqwvVk-00801-00146400-00146500 communities.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00802-00146500-00146600 I talked about the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00803-00146600-00146800 status part as well already, the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00804-00146800-00146900 value, the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00805-00146900-00147100 people, the staff would like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00806-00147100-00147300 to have them be
P2hC5dqwvVk-00807-00147300-00147500 known for the terminology as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00808-00147500-00147700 you've seen in our slides thus
P2hC5dqwvVk-00809-00147700-00147800 for the term
P2hC5dqwvVk-00810-00147800-00148000 cyberinfrastructure really comes from the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00811-00148000-00148200 National Science Foundation has an
P2hC5dqwvVk-00812-00148200-00148400 office of advanced cyberinfrastructure which
P2hC5dqwvVk-00813-00148400-00148500 supports a lot of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00814-00148500-00148700 our institutions as far as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00815-00148700-00148800 for grants. So, but
P2hC5dqwvVk-00816-00148800-00148900 we use the term research
P2hC5dqwvVk-00817-00148900-00149100 it we use the term research,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00818-00149100-00149200 Computing and data, it's hard when
P2hC5dqwvVk-00819-00149200-00149300 hard when we keep using different
P2hC5dqwvVk-00820-00149300-00149500 terms to mean different things
P2hC5dqwvVk-00821-00149500-00149700 so it's important
P2hC5dqwvVk-00822-00149700-00149900 to understand and define these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00823-00149900-00150000 terminology.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00824-00150000-00150200 So fast forward one year
P2hC5dqwvVk-00825-00150200-00150300 past that. So if you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00826-00150300-00150500 go to the Products page you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00827-00150500-00150700 can see the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00828-00150700-00150800 2018.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00829-00150800-00151000 document that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00830-00151000-00151100 created in 2019, we set
P2hC5dqwvVk-00831-00151100-00151200 forth to create a lot
P2hC5dqwvVk-00832-00151200-00151400 group to create an actual
P2hC5dqwvVk-00833-00151400-00151600 HR
P2hC5dqwvVk-00834-00151600-00151700 framework.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00835-00151600-00151713 And what was nice
P2hC5dqwvVk-00836-00151600-00151800 is we had a good
P2hC5dqwvVk-00837-00151800-00152000 collection of participants in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00838-00152000-00152100 working
P2hC5dqwvVk-00839-00152000-00152100 group.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00840-00152100-00152200 So we had
P2hC5dqwvVk-00841-00152200-00152406 some people that were directors
P2hC5dqwvVk-00842-00152200-00152400 we have people who are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00843-00152400-00152600 managers we have individual contributors we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00844-00152600-00152700 had people from HR that support
P2hC5dqwvVk-00845-00152700-00153000 the it groups, both from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00846-00153000-00153100 Harvard and University of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00847-00153100-00153200 Florida, and then six weeks
P2hC5dqwvVk-00848-00153200-00153300 time. We went through this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00849-00153300-00153500 process where we come up
P2hC5dqwvVk-00850-00153500-00153600 with a skeleton draft, an email it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00851-00153600-00153700 out on the call we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00852-00153700-00153900 review it and we just kind of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00853-00153900-00154100 that and we go each week
P2hC5dqwvVk-00854-00154100-00154200 through each
P2hC5dqwvVk-00855-00154100-00154300 series, which I'll show in a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00856-00154300-00154500 second, which are the facings to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00857-00154500-00154700 create
P2hC5dqwvVk-00858-00154700-00154800 create actual job descriptions, so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00859-00154800-00155000 I honestly can't show you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00860-00155000-00155200 some, like what is 15
P2hC5dqwvVk-00861-00155200-00155400 pages of an Excel sheet
P2hC5dqwvVk-00862-00155400-00155500 in the presentation, but I'll try to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00863-00155500-00155700 give you an overview of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00864-00155700-00155900 what a little bit of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00865-00155900-00156100 structure that I've learned about the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00866-00156100-00156200 happens in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00867-00156200-00156300 HR.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00868-00156300-00156400 There are at the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00869-00156400-00156600 top level the highest level there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00870-00156600-00156800 job function. So
P2hC5dqwvVk-00871-00156800-00157000 Information Technology
P2hC5dqwvVk-00872-00157000-00157200 Research Libraries normally as
P2hC5dqwvVk-00873-00157200-00157300 a job function
P2hC5dqwvVk-00874-00157300-00157500 You might have museum or
P2hC5dqwvVk-00875-00157500-00157600 collections, you could have athletics like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00876-00157600-00157800 those are the top level
P2hC5dqwvVk-00877-00157800-00157900 functions.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00878-00157900-00158100 And so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00879-00158100-00158200 at an institution Research Computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-00880-00158200-00158400 and data with normally fall
P2hC5dqwvVk-00881-00158400-00158600 either in the IT
P2hC5dqwvVk-00882-00158600-00158800 technology space or in purely
P2hC5dqwvVk-00883-00158800-00158900 research. Right. But
P2hC5dqwvVk-00884-00158900-00159100 underneath that so like in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00885-00159100-00159300 this example information technology
P2hC5dqwvVk-00886-00159300-00159500 there's IT infrastructure, there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00887-00159500-00159700 networking, there's IT infrastructure
P2hC5dqwvVk-00888-00159700-00159900 say for cloud. But there is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00889-00159900-00160100 no IT
P2hC5dqwvVk-00890-00160100-00160300 infrastructure, our positions there
P2hC5dqwvVk-00891-00160300-00160400 that described really what happens
P2hC5dqwvVk-00892-00160400-00160600 in Research Computing and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-00893-00160600-00160700 professionals. We
P2hC5dqwvVk-00894-00160700-00160800 we really needed was a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00895-00160800-00161000 unique job family that was
P2hC5dqwvVk-00896-00161000-00161200 just Research Computing. And so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00897-00161200-00161400 that's what we set forth to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00898-00161400-00161500 create.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00899-00161400-00161600 And in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00900-00161600-00161700 that there are jobs
P2hC5dqwvVk-00901-00161700-00161900 series. And that's where the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00902-00161900-00162100 facings come
P2hC5dqwvVk-00903-00162100-00162200 in and break these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00904-00162200-00162400 So we just
P2hC5dqwvVk-00905-00162400-00162600 took systems facing the individual
P2hC5dqwvVk-00906-00162600-00162700 contributor roles. A lot of us
P2hC5dqwvVk-00907-00162700-00162900 just had to have these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00908-00162900-00163000 prior to this, this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00909-00163000-00163200 model. And in this model we thought it
P2hC5dqwvVk-00910-00163200-00163400 was good to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00911-00163400-00163600 have a system for
P2hC5dqwvVk-00912-00163600-00163800 fashional one through
P2hC5dqwvVk-00913-00163800-00164000 five. Most of us, our
P2hC5dqwvVk-00914-00164000-00164100 current staff fall into the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00915-00164100-00164300 category two and three in this
P2hC5dqwvVk-00916-00164300-00164400 space.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00917-00164400-00164500 And.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00918-00164500-00164600 we don't have the way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00919-00164600-00164800 to just didn't have the way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00920-00164800-00165000 to describe a ladder going
P2hC5dqwvVk-00921-00165000-00165100 beyond
P2hC5dqwvVk-00922-00165100-00165200 what would be the individual
P2hC5dqwvVk-00923-00165200-00165400 contributor role. That was a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00924-00165400-00165500 to a manager role, and so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00925-00165500-00165700 we were losing a lot of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00926-00165700-00165900 staff at that moment,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00927-00165900-00166000 because they would become
P2hC5dqwvVk-00928-00166000-00166100 technically more capable in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00929-00166100-00166300 systems are all, they would
P2hC5dqwvVk-00930-00166300-00166500 take on more responsibility, they
P2hC5dqwvVk-00931-00166500-00166600 would broaden their horizon for the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00932-00166600-00166700 number of types of things
P2hC5dqwvVk-00933-00166700-00166800 that they would become, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-00934-00166800-00167000 know experts on, they wouldn't
P2hC5dqwvVk-00935-00167000-00167100 just only have to know
P2hC5dqwvVk-00936-00167100-00167300 about systems also have to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00937-00167300-00167400 how researchers use the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00938-00167400-00167600 systems, and have all this kind of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00939-00167600-00167800 stuff. So having
P2hC5dqwvVk-00940-00167800-00167900 this gives us the ability
P2hC5dqwvVk-00941-00167900-00168100 to have what we would consider
P2hC5dqwvVk-00942-00168100-00168200 like that these were
P2hC5dqwvVk-00943-00168200-00168400 engineers, this would be at the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00944-00168400-00168600 level for like a lead
P2hC5dqwvVk-00945-00168600-00168800 engineer or principal engineer principal
P2hC5dqwvVk-00946-00168800-00168900 architect, Those things
P2hC5dqwvVk-00947-00168900-00169100 also translate well to what
P2hC5dqwvVk-00948-00169100-00169300 what happens in say like
P2hC5dqwvVk-00949-00169300-00169500 Google and Intel and these
P2hC5dqwvVk-00950-00169500-00169700 types of of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00951-00169700-00169800 industries there in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00952-00169800-00170000 technology space. So we have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00953-00170000-00170100 this one through
P2hC5dqwvVk-00954-00170100-00170200 five.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00955-00170200-00170400 And each of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00956-00170400-00170500 these different facings. And then
P2hC5dqwvVk-00957-00170500-00170600 you can see how they're equivalent
P2hC5dqwvVk-00958-00170600-00170800 now to the manager so
P2hC5dqwvVk-00959-00170800-00171000 this could be like a
P2hC5dqwvVk-00960-00171000-00171100 senior manager position,
P2hC5dqwvVk-00961-00171100-00171200 junior or senior manager or you might
P2hC5dqwvVk-00962-00171200-00171300 have an Associate Director, depending on
P2hC5dqwvVk-00963-00171300-00171600 what but you can see there's
P2hC5dqwvVk-00964-00171600-00171700 a couple levels.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00965-00171700-00171900 So, within the position itself and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00966-00171900-00172000 in the framework itself. These are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00967-00172000-00172200 all the components that are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00968-00172200-00172400 requirements for most every
P2hC5dqwvVk-00969-00172400-00172600 HR business
P2hC5dqwvVk-00970-00172600-00172800 title, the core duties and the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00971-00172800-00172900 additional qualification and
P2hC5dqwvVk-00972-00172900-00173100 skills are the parts that
P2hC5dqwvVk-00973-00173100-00173200 are you have
P2hC5dqwvVk-00974-00173200-00173300 the most flexibility in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00975-00173300-00173500 we encourage the end of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00976-00173500-00173700 to adopt
P2hC5dqwvVk-00977-00173700-00173900 and change as the mean. But
P2hC5dqwvVk-00978-00173900-00174053 the part that is really
P2hC5dqwvVk-00979-00173900-00174100 important that we try to
P2hC5dqwvVk-00980-00174100-00174300 keep
P2hC5dqwvVk-00981-00174300-00174500 static is the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00982-00174500-00174700 actual job title, which are
P2hC5dqwvVk-00983-00174700-00174900 just these that I showed
P2hC5dqwvVk-00984-00174900-00175000 before.
P2hC5dqwvVk-00985-00174900-00175000 And the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00986-00175000-00175200 job summary in the way
P2hC5dqwvVk-00987-00175200-00175333 in which their grade
P2hC5dqwvVk-00988-00175200-00175400 levels. The thing that's the
P2hC5dqwvVk-00989-00175400-00175600 most important is the language that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-00990-00175600-00175700 use to describe
P2hC5dqwvVk-00991-00175700-00175900 how one goes from levels
P2hC5dqwvVk-00992-00175900-00176100 123 of
P2hC5dqwvVk-00993-00176100-00176200 the up the ladder is
P2hC5dqwvVk-00994-00176200-00176400 ladder is really important. They're
P2hC5dqwvVk-00995-00176400-00176600 really important key terms that we learned from
P2hC5dqwvVk-00996-00176600-00176700 HR to keep in
P2hC5dqwvVk-00997-00176700-00176900 there to keep the otter
P2hC5dqwvVk-00998-00176900-00177000 going directly
P2hC5dqwvVk-00999-00176900-00177000 so if you go to the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01000-00177000-00177200 park Products page you can go
P2hC5dqwvVk-01001-00177200-00177400 to the job family matrix and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01002-00177400-00177500 see that information
P2hC5dqwvVk-01003-00177500-00177600 and see the full details
P2hC5dqwvVk-01004-00177600-00177800 of. So I encourage you to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01005-00177800-00177900 go
P2hC5dqwvVk-01006-00177800-00177900 there.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01007-00177900-00178000 A couple couple
P2hC5dqwvVk-01008-00178000-00178200 more slides about what came
P2hC5dqwvVk-01009-00178200-00178300 out of that working group. I've
P2hC5dqwvVk-01010-00178300-00178600 already talked about the non
P2hC5dqwvVk-01011-00178600-00178800 Managerial career paths. The
P2hC5dqwvVk-01012-00178800-00179000 distinctness from enterprise right
P2hC5dqwvVk-01013-00179000-00179106 T one concept is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01014-00179000-00179200 that an enterprise IT as you go
P2hC5dqwvVk-01015-00179200-00179400 up the ladder, you typically become
P2hC5dqwvVk-01016-00179400-00179600 more
P2hC5dqwvVk-01017-00179600-00179800 specialized. You might become the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01018-00179800-00180000 you know, architect
P2hC5dqwvVk-01019-00180000-00180100 of networking or architect of Oracle
P2hC5dqwvVk-01020-00180100-00180300 financials or something that for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01021-00180300-00180400 university in research
P2hC5dqwvVk-01022-00180400-00180500 convenient, you get a much
P2hC5dqwvVk-01023-00180500-00180700 broader, you have to know
P2hC5dqwvVk-01024-00180700-00180900 and be able to traverse
P2hC5dqwvVk-01025-00180900-00181060 across lots of different
P2hC5dqwvVk-01026-00180900-00181100 disciplines lots of different kinds
P2hC5dqwvVk-01027-00181100-00181400 of technology and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01028-00181400-00181500 lead in that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01029-00181500-00181600 space.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01030-00181600-00181700 Also,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01031-00181700-00181800 research competing is really just
P2hC5dqwvVk-01032-00181800-00182000 designed for those that are in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01033-00182000-00182100 that space. They're also going to be
P2hC5dqwvVk-01034-00182100-00182300 other people on your department
P2hC5dqwvVk-01035-00182300-00182500 that support you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01036-00182500-00182700 business operations like that, those are
P2hC5dqwvVk-01037-00182700-00182900 in other families,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01038-00182900-00183000 So, and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01039-00183000-00183200 then there's a lot of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01040-00183200-00183300 argument about education versus
P2hC5dqwvVk-01041-00183300-00183500 experience, and we really landed on the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01042-00183500-00183700 the side of experience, and that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01043-00183700-00183800 describe the number of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01044-00183800-00183900 years of experience or Education
P2hC5dqwvVk-01045-00183900-00184100 Council is some of those
P2hC5dqwvVk-01046-00184100-00184200 years of experience as
P2hC5dqwvVk-01047-00184200-00184400 as important thing that also keeps from
P2hC5dqwvVk-01048-00184400-00184500 alienating
P2hC5dqwvVk-01049-00184500-00184700 people from applying to positions where they
P2hC5dqwvVk-01050-00184700-00184900 think their education may not
P2hC5dqwvVk-01051-00184900-00185000 qualify.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01052-00184900-00185100 In software and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01053-00185100-00185200 data, it turned out
P2hC5dqwvVk-01054-00185200-00185400 we, we decided to combine
P2hC5dqwvVk-01055-00185400-00185600 those for HR
P2hC5dqwvVk-01056-00185600-00185800 purposes, the roles and responsibilities
P2hC5dqwvVk-01057-00185800-00186000 of software and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-01058-00186000-00186200 professionals, supporting research media
P2hC5dqwvVk-01059-00186200-00186400 are really well aligned. It's just
P2hC5dqwvVk-01060-00186400-00186600 that there's guild that they're
P2hC5dqwvVk-01061-00186600-00186700 using to do those roles
P2hC5dqwvVk-01062-00186700-00186900 and maybe the domain in which
P2hC5dqwvVk-01063-00186900-00187000 they're doing those as
P2hC5dqwvVk-01064-00187000-00187200 So, didn't you didn't really
P2hC5dqwvVk-01065-00187200-00187400 necessarily need a distinct
P2hC5dqwvVk-01066-00187400-00187600 separate series for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01067-00187600-00187700 those.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01068-00187600-00187700 And one
P2hC5dqwvVk-01069-00187700-00187900 note is that when you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01070-00187900-00188000 implement something
P2hC5dqwvVk-01071-00188000-00188200 locally, you have to be
P2hC5dqwvVk-01072-00188200-00188300 flexible. So what some of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01073-00188300-00188400 hard things to decide on a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01074-00188400-00188600 where do you put data
P2hC5dqwvVk-01075-00188600-00188800 sciences. are they Research
P2hC5dqwvVk-01076-00188800-00188900 function or the technology function, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01077-00188900-00189100 need to think about how that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01078-00189100-00189300 benefi benefits
P2hC5dqwvVk-01079-00189300-00189500 them biochar Madison biome
P2hC5dqwvVk-01080-00189500-00189600 an example,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01081-00189600-00189700 I really encourage people to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01082-00189700-00189900 do they is a primary
P2hC5dqwvVk-01083-00189900-00190100 responsibility of a person, research,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01084-00190100-00190300 independent research and collaborating with
P2hC5dqwvVk-01085-00190300-00190500 other researchers, or is it
P2hC5dqwvVk-01086-00190500-00190733 providing a technology service, and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01087-00190500-00190600 that's kind of where you can
P2hC5dqwvVk-01088-00190600-00190800 can make the distinction between the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01089-00190800-00191000 two.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01090-00191000-00191200 And at Harvard,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01091-00191200-00191400 they happened to be the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01092-00191400-00191500 leadership facing type
P2hC5dqwvVk-01093-00191500-00191600 place is it's it's a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01094-00191600-00191800 whole other category, it doesn't fall
P2hC5dqwvVk-01095-00191800-00191900 into the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01096-00191800-00191900 framework.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01097-00191900-00192000 You will get
P2hC5dqwvVk-01098-00192000-00192100 pushed back when you implement something and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01099-00192100-00192300 you have individual contributors were
P2hC5dqwvVk-01100-00192300-00192500 there are very few, or
P2hC5dqwvVk-01101-00192500-00192700 none. They don't want to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01102-00192700-00192800 implement those categories
P2hC5dqwvVk-01103-00192800-00192900 in HR, but if you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01104-00192900-00193000 don't have them, you don't
P2hC5dqwvVk-01105-00193000-00193200 have a fear of path where
P2hC5dqwvVk-01106-00193200-00193400 people internally within your
P2hC5dqwvVk-01107-00193400-00193500 institution.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01108-00193500-00193700 And then,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01109-00193700-00193900 just recently in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01110-00193900-00194100 2020 here just a couple of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01111-00194100-00194200 ago, we had
P2hC5dqwvVk-01112-00194200-00194400 had 100 participants across three
P2hC5dqwvVk-01113-00194400-00194600 webinars where we talked
P2hC5dqwvVk-01114-00194600-00194700 about all the different types of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01115-00194700-00194900 things, you know that we've talked
P2hC5dqwvVk-01116-00194900-00195100 about this far
P2hC5dqwvVk-01117-00195100-00195300 and couple outcomes from
P2hC5dqwvVk-01118-00195300-00195500 that is that we really,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01119-00195500-00195620 really need HR job
P2hC5dqwvVk-01120-00195500-00195600 families, which was good that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01121-00195600-00195700 we already had done some of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01122-00195700-00196000 that work. the idea that we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01123-00196000-00196100 can define career
P2hC5dqwvVk-01124-00196100-00196300 arts that we need, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01125-00196300-00196500 know, a good understanding of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01126-00196500-00196700 compensation for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01127-00196700-00196900 positions across the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01128-00196900-00197100 landscape of academia. Diversity, Equity
P2hC5dqwvVk-01129-00197100-00197200 inclusion like what is what
P2hC5dqwvVk-01130-00197200-00197400 is our current state of that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01131-00197400-00197600 how can we recruit into
P2hC5dqwvVk-01132-00197600-00197700 do better with
P2hC5dqwvVk-01133-00197700-00197800 that.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01134-00197700-00197900 And so, one
P2hC5dqwvVk-01135-00197900-00198100 thing that's nice is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01136-00198100-00198200 that a card, you know,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01137-00198200-00198400 completely not
P2hC5dqwvVk-01138-00198400-00198500 running that that workshop that wasn't
P2hC5dqwvVk-01139-00198500-00198700 enough on the workshop that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01140-00198700-00198800 Purdue hosted. We already
P2hC5dqwvVk-01141-00198800-00199000 had in place some ideas to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01142-00199000-00199200 do this we are just
P2hC5dqwvVk-01143-00199200-00199300 starting. Working Group
P2hC5dqwvVk-01144-00199300-00199600 with an annual census for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01145-00199600-00199700 Research Computing and data
P2hC5dqwvVk-01146-00199700-00199800 and data professionals,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01147-00199800-00200000 Patrick, who talked
P2hC5dqwvVk-01148-00200000-00200200 before us about the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01149-00200200-00200400 capabilities model career arts as a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01150-00200400-00200600 working group that he is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01151-00200600-00200700 is getting
P2hC5dqwvVk-01152-00200600-00200700 started.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01153-00200600-00200700 We want to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01154-00200700-00200900 we want to continue doing
P2hC5dqwvVk-01155-00200900-00201100 work of, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01156-00201100-00201200 know, taking the best of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01157-00201200-00201300 training and workforce that exists
P2hC5dqwvVk-01158-00201300-00201500 in different institutions and kind
P2hC5dqwvVk-01159-00201500-00201700 of like centralize that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01160-00201700-00201800 information, especially working
P2hC5dqwvVk-01161-00201800-00202000 with like graduate students and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01162-00202000-00202100 undergraduates, as they are the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01163-00202100-00202300 next kind of workforce into
P2hC5dqwvVk-01164-00202300-00202400 the space
P2hC5dqwvVk-01165-00202400-00202600 And then other
P2hC5dqwvVk-01166-00202600-00202800 things like providing lean practice to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01167-00202800-00202913 support RCD as an
P2hC5dqwvVk-01168-00202800-00203000 organization like how do we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01169-00203000-00203200 help support managers, how do we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01170-00203200-00203400 help them grow their
P2hC5dqwvVk-01171-00203400-00203500 their capabilities.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01172-00203500-00203700 So hopefully that gives you a good
P2hC5dqwvVk-01173-00203700-00203800 overview
P2hC5dqwvVk-01174-00203800-00204000 of type of activities we've
P2hC5dqwvVk-01175-00204000-00204200 done to help
P2hC5dqwvVk-01176-00204200-00204500 professionalize research convenient
P2hC5dqwvVk-01177-00204500-00204613 data. I'm excited
P2hC5dqwvVk-01178-00204500-00204700 to answer any questions you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01179-00204700-00204800 have, in that space and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01180-00204800-00205000 please check out the Products
P2hC5dqwvVk-01181-00205000-00205100 page.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01182-00205000-00205100 You can
P2hC5dqwvVk-01183-00205100-00205300 see number of different products we've
P2hC5dqwvVk-01184-00205300-00205400 created.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01185-00205400-00205600 always welcome your feedback on
P2hC5dqwvVk-01186-00205600-00205700 those
P2hC5dqwvVk-01187-00205700-00205900 Thank you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01188-00205900-00206000 That's really
P2hC5dqwvVk-01189-00205900-00206000 products.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01190-00205900-00206100 Scott.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01191-00206100-00206300 interesting overview,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01192-00206300-00206400 Appreciate that. And if
P2hC5dqwvVk-01193-00206400-00206600 you have questions please go
P2hC5dqwvVk-01194-00206600-00206800 ahead and type those into the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01195-00206800-00206900 q&a will be happy to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01196-00206900-00207000 take those now we are a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01197-00207000-00207200 little bit past time i
P2hC5dqwvVk-01198-00207200-00207300 apologize for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01199-00207300-00207400 that.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01200-00207300-00207400 But while we're
P2hC5dqwvVk-01201-00207400-00207500 waiting to see if we've
P2hC5dqwvVk-01202-00207500-00207700 got some questions I believe Cliff
P2hC5dqwvVk-01203-00207700-00207800 has a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01204-00207800-00207900 question.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01205-00207800-00208000 Yeah
P2hC5dqwvVk-01206-00208000-00208200 I do actually
P2hC5dqwvVk-01207-00208200-00208400 and this is this is a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01208-00208400-00208600 little bit
P2hC5dqwvVk-01209-00208600-00208800 off your primary topic but
P2hC5dqwvVk-01210-00208800-00209000 I'm would really
P2hC5dqwvVk-01211-00209000-00209200 welcome your views on this
P2hC5dqwvVk-01212-00209200-00209313 Lauren and Scott,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01213-00209200-00209400 So CNI has done a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01214-00209400-00209600 lot of work over the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01215-00209600-00209800 past six months or
P2hC5dqwvVk-01216-00209800-00210000 so on issues around
P2hC5dqwvVk-01217-00210000-00210200 research continuity and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01218-00210200-00210400 research robustness
P2hC5dqwvVk-01219-00210400-00210600 and a significant piece of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01220-00210600-00210800 that is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01221-00210800-00211000 about setting
P2hC5dqwvVk-01222-00211000-00211200 up experimental
P2hC5dqwvVk-01223-00211200-00211400 apparatus for remote
P2hC5dqwvVk-01224-00211400-00211600 operation
P2hC5dqwvVk-01225-00211600-00211800 and more automated operation
P2hC5dqwvVk-01226-00211800-00212000 so you don't need as
P2hC5dqwvVk-01227-00212000-00212200 much physical presence
P2hC5dqwvVk-01228-00212200-00212300 in in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01229-00212200-00212300 labs.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01230-00212300-00212500 And that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01231-00212500-00212600 includes sort of core
P2hC5dqwvVk-01232-00212600-00212800 instrumentation that may be shared
P2hC5dqwvVk-01233-00212800-00212900 among lots of other
P2hC5dqwvVk-01234-00212900-00213000 projects.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01235-00212900-00213100 Weird.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01236-00213100-00213200 did the people who do
P2hC5dqwvVk-01237-00213200-00213400 that kind of work fit
P2hC5dqwvVk-01238-00213400-00213500 in.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01239-00213400-00213600 You know
P2hC5dqwvVk-01240-00213600-00213800 I I'm, I'm a little
P2hC5dqwvVk-01241-00213800-00214000 uncomfortable about thinking of them
P2hC5dqwvVk-01242-00214000-00214166 as Research Computing and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01243-00214000-00214200 data, but I don't know where
P2hC5dqwvVk-01244-00214200-00214300 else to put them
P2hC5dqwvVk-01245-00214300-00214400 either. Yeah, it sounds like your
P2hC5dqwvVk-01246-00214400-00214600 talking about people who operate
P2hC5dqwvVk-01247-00214600-00214800 instrumentation.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01248-00214800-00215100 well designed and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01249-00215100-00215200 internet networks and things
P2hC5dqwvVk-01250-00215200-00215400 like that. Yeah, so we've
P2hC5dqwvVk-01251-00215400-00215600 actually carcass part
P2hC5dqwvVk-01252-00215600-00215800 of a discussion that came
P2hC5dqwvVk-01253-00215800-00216000 out of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01254-00216000-00216100 NSF workshop that Scott
P2hC5dqwvVk-01255-00216100-00216300 mentioned. And, and I've been part
P2hC5dqwvVk-01256-00216300-00216500 of those discussions, but there are
P2hC5dqwvVk-01257-00216500-00216600 several communities across
P2hC5dqwvVk-01258-00216600-00216800 Research Computing and data of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01259-00216800-00216900 professionals like research software
P2hC5dqwvVk-01260-00216900-00217100 engineers campus champions some of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01261-00217100-00217300 other collaborators on one of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01262-00217300-00217500 my earlier
P2hC5dqwvVk-01263-00217500-00217600 slides
P2hC5dqwvVk-01264-00217600-00217800 And we're getting together talk
P2hC5dqwvVk-01265-00217800-00218000 about a potential community
P2hC5dqwvVk-01266-00218000-00218200 of these communities, sort of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01267-00218200-00218400 one sort of unifying
P2hC5dqwvVk-01268-00218400-00218500 body, and we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01269-00218500-00218700 just discussed this issue of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01270-00218700-00218800 people who support
P2hC5dqwvVk-01271-00218800-00219000 instrumentation who touched quite a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01272-00219000-00219193 bit of computing and data but
P2hC5dqwvVk-01273-00219000-00219300 that may not be all
P2hC5dqwvVk-01274-00219300-00219400 of what they
P2hC5dqwvVk-01275-00219400-00219600 do. And I think similar
P2hC5dqwvVk-01276-00219600-00219800 to what Scott described for
P2hC5dqwvVk-01277-00219800-00220000 data scientists, there are
P2hC5dqwvVk-01278-00220000-00220100 perhaps a different reasons, different
P2hC5dqwvVk-01279-00220100-00220300 facilities are different campuses where
P2hC5dqwvVk-01280-00220300-00220500 sometimes it will be advantageous
P2hC5dqwvVk-01281-00220500-00220600 or more
P2hC5dqwvVk-01282-00220600-00220700 logical, just in terms of the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01283-00220700-00220800 work that particular person does
P2hC5dqwvVk-01284-00220800-00221000 to think of them more
P2hC5dqwvVk-01285-00221000-00221200 as research cyberinfrastructure into that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01286-00221200-00221400 that extent we agreed that a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01287-00221400-00221500 of communities for research
P2hC5dqwvVk-01288-00221500-00221600 Computing and data should include
P2hC5dqwvVk-01289-00221600-00221800 those individuals and should otherwise
P2hC5dqwvVk-01290-00221800-00222000 have the higher level
P2hC5dqwvVk-01291-00222000-00222200 objective of, including emerging
P2hC5dqwvVk-01292-00222200-00222300 areas of research
P2hC5dqwvVk-01293-00222300-00222500 cyberinfrastructure where I think automation
P2hC5dqwvVk-01294-00222500-00222700 like you mentioned and instruments
P2hC5dqwvVk-01295-00222700-00222900 and other Cyber Infrastructure tied to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01296-00222900-00223000 instrument facilities, is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01297-00223000-00223200 is extremely relevant. Yeah, so
P2hC5dqwvVk-01298-00223200-00223400 one example that's probably done at the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01299-00223400-00223600 in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01300-00223600-00223800 bioinformatics right there are,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01301-00223800-00223900 we've carved off
P2hC5dqwvVk-01302-00223900-00224100 this community of people who are
P2hC5dqwvVk-01303-00224100-00224200 very technically minded but also
P2hC5dqwvVk-01304-00224200-00224400 it's still in the very
P2hC5dqwvVk-01305-00224400-00224600 much in that domain
P2hC5dqwvVk-01306-00224600-00224800 of research that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01307-00224800-00225000 research that bridge, the space between an
P2hC5dqwvVk-01308-00225000-00225200 instrument that somebody who's in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01309-00225200-00225300 geneticist creates
P2hC5dqwvVk-01310-00225300-00225400 data, then that data has to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01311-00225400-00225600 be processed to be usable to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01312-00225600-00225800 make decisions, and to make
P2hC5dqwvVk-01313-00225800-00225900 discovery. What's hard is
P2hC5dqwvVk-01314-00225900-00226100 there a lot of other
P2hC5dqwvVk-01315-00226100-00226200 places that especially
P2hC5dqwvVk-01316-00226200-00226300 microscopes that are like scan all
P2hC5dqwvVk-01317-00226300-00226500 sorts of things from the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01318-00226500-00226600 to cells and
P2hC5dqwvVk-01319-00226600-00226800 and stuff where we don't
P2hC5dqwvVk-01320-00226800-00227000 have that kind of framework.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01321-00227000-00227200 Right. And, and I
P2hC5dqwvVk-01322-00227200-00227400 think also, as
P2hC5dqwvVk-01323-00227400-00227500 digitalization spreads
P2hC5dqwvVk-01324-00227500-00227700 across like BBC this at
P2hC5dqwvVk-01325-00227700-00227800 Harvard in the library system
P2hC5dqwvVk-01326-00227800-00228000 where there they've automated the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01327-00228000-00228200 way to scan
P2hC5dqwvVk-01328-00228200-00228300 materials that have been handwritten,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01329-00228300-00228500 they don't have a way to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01330-00228500-00228700 way to automate using machine
P2hC5dqwvVk-01331-00228700-00228800 learning and stuff to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01332-00228800-00229000 transcribing digit like actually take
P2hC5dqwvVk-01333-00229000-00229200 the text that other person. And
P2hC5dqwvVk-01334-00229200-00229400 that's where there's a lot
P2hC5dqwvVk-01335-00229400-00229600 to be learned about where
P2hC5dqwvVk-01336-00229600-00229700 the problems are and get the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01337-00229700-00229800 right people together, and you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01338-00229800-00230000 have to have kind of an
P2hC5dqwvVk-01339-00230000-00230100 end in thought about
P2hC5dqwvVk-01340-00230100-00230300 it, like, Where is the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01341-00230300-00230500 the data being created, where's it
P2hC5dqwvVk-01342-00230500-00230600 been touched along the way. And where
P2hC5dqwvVk-01343-00230600-00230700 do we intervene on the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01344-00230700-00230900 other hand on the systems
P2hC5dqwvVk-01345-00230900-00231100 and to make sure that we're
P2hC5dqwvVk-01346-00231100-00231300 providing things
P2hC5dqwvVk-01347-00231300-00231500 that work well. Because if we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01348-00231500-00231600 just let the person
P2hC5dqwvVk-01349-00231600-00231800 who's, creating the data, then do
P2hC5dqwvVk-01350-00231800-00232000 the whole pipeline. they don't have
P2hC5dqwvVk-01351-00232000-00232200 the visibility of
P2hC5dqwvVk-01352-00232200-00232400 how perhaps poorly, they're
P2hC5dqwvVk-01353-00232400-00232500 using the computing
P2hC5dqwvVk-01354-00232500-00232700 and storage resources on the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01355-00232700-00232893 other end. Right. And so they
P2hC5dqwvVk-01356-00232700-00232900 could do things in a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01357-00232900-00233100 much more performant way or.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01358-00233100-00233200 or do is, you
P2hC5dqwvVk-01359-00233200-00233400 know, that would make more
P2hC5dqwvVk-01360-00233400-00233500 sense.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01361-00233500-00233700 So that is a
P2hC5dqwvVk-01362-00233700-00233900 chunk, that's that's a very
P2hC5dqwvVk-01363-00233900-00234000 helpful perspective on
P2hC5dqwvVk-01364-00234000-00234200 that, which I've been puzzling
P2hC5dqwvVk-01365-00234200-00234400 over lately. Thank you so
P2hC5dqwvVk-01366-00234400-00234500 much.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01367-00234400-00234600 Back to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01368-00234600-00234800 you, Diane. All right.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01369-00234800-00234900 thanks so
P2hC5dqwvVk-01370-00234900-00235000 much.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01371-00235000-00235100 Lauren,
P2hC5dqwvVk-01372-00235100-00235200 and Scott for fielding that
P2hC5dqwvVk-01373-00235200-00235400 question and Cliff thanks for the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01374-00235400-00235600 question. I don't
P2hC5dqwvVk-01375-00235600-00235800 see any questions in the
P2hC5dqwvVk-01376-00235800-00236000 q&a, and we
P2hC5dqwvVk-01377-00236000-00236100 are well past time we have
P2hC5dqwvVk-01378-00236100-00236300 another session coming up in
P2hC5dqwvVk-01379-00236300-00236500 about 20
P2hC5dqwvVk-01380-00236500-00236700 minutes. So, I will
P2hC5dqwvVk-01381-00236700-00236800 thank everyone for joining
P2hC5dqwvVk-01382-00236800-00237100 us and a special thanks to
P2hC5dqwvVk-01383-00237100-00237200 Lauren and Scott
P2hC5dqwvVk-01384-00237200-00237400 and hope to see you at
P2hC5dqwvVk-01385-00237400-00237600 another CNI
P2hC5dqwvVk-01386-00237600-00237800 breakout during our fall 2020
P2hC5dqwvVk-01387-00237800-00238000 meeting. Be well everyone take
P2hC5dqwvVk-01388-00238000-00238200 care, bye bye.
P2hC5dqwvVk-01389-00238200-00238333 Many settings. Thank
P3i0I_-KmSA-00000-00000092-00000505 Create or Open Dashboard
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P7lKrBXyphy-00000-00000036-00000334 - Good afternoon, I'm Dan Mogulof in the campus office
P7lKrBXyphy-00001-00000334-00000547 of communications and public affairs,
P7lKrBXyphy-00002-00000547-00000813 and I'm super thrilled and honored
P7lKrBXyphy-00003-00000813-00001113 to have our chancellor, Carol Christ, with us
P7lKrBXyphy-00004-00001113-00001477 for this semester-ending campus conversation.
P7lKrBXyphy-00005-00001477-00001716 So glad you could join us.
P7lKrBXyphy-00006-00001716-00001967 Again, just to reiterate, there are index cards
P7lKrBXyphy-00007-00001967-00002125 on your chairs if you have a question now
P7lKrBXyphy-00008-00002125-00002259 that you know you'd wanna ask the chancellor.
P7lKrBXyphy-00009-00002259-00002518 Great time to fill out the card, hold it up, be collected.
P7lKrBXyphy-00010-00002518-00002816 But also, totally fine to do that in the course
P7lKrBXyphy-00011-00002816-00002947 of the conversation.
P7lKrBXyphy-00012-00002947-00003163 And so, without further ado,
P7lKrBXyphy-00013-00003163-00003361 Carol, perhaps a few words about where we are
P7lKrBXyphy-00014-00003361-00003511 and where we're headed.
P7lKrBXyphy-00015-00003511-00003653 - Delighted!
P7lKrBXyphy-00016-00003653-00004075 So, first of all, I wanted to start with a big thank you!
P7lKrBXyphy-00017-00004075-00004541 I think that Cal has the most talented, imaginative,
P7lKrBXyphy-00018-00004541-00004870 dedicated staff in the world and I am conscious
P7lKrBXyphy-00019-00004870-00005077 every single day of all the work you do,
P7lKrBXyphy-00020-00005077-00005399 so I wanna thank all of you for the work you do.
P7lKrBXyphy-00021-00005399-00005675 I was down at facilities this morning,
P7lKrBXyphy-00022-00005675-00005914 thanking them particularly for their work
P7lKrBXyphy-00023-00005914-00006163 in the power outage but just, generally,
P7lKrBXyphy-00024-00006163-00006492 for all of the often unseen work
P7lKrBXyphy-00025-00006492-00006688 that keeps this campus going.
P7lKrBXyphy-00026-00006688-00006901 And so I wanna thank all of you.
P7lKrBXyphy-00027-00006901-00007098 I'll begin with news.
P7lKrBXyphy-00028-00007098-00007297 The first is a little bit old news
P7lKrBXyphy-00029-00007297-00007573 but I don't think it can bear too much repeating,
P7lKrBXyphy-00030-00007573-00007782 which is that the budget is balanced.
P7lKrBXyphy-00031-00008023-00008384 We actually have a modest, very modest, surplus
P7lKrBXyphy-00032-00008384-00008601 of about $60 million.
P7lKrBXyphy-00033-00008742-00008899 I should say...
P7lKrBXyphy-00034-00008899-00009062 It doesn't sound modest to all of you
P7lKrBXyphy-00035-00009062-00009240 but in the context of our whole budget,
P7lKrBXyphy-00036-00009240-00009388 it really is modest.
P7lKrBXyphy-00037-00009586-00009733 But I should say to all of you,
P7lKrBXyphy-00038-00009733-00010077 the budget is precariously balanced,
P7lKrBXyphy-00039-00010077-00010238 that it depends...
P7lKrBXyphy-00040-00010238-00010686 Our future financial health depends so much on
P7lKrBXyphy-00041-00010686-00011082 what the regents and what the state do.
P7lKrBXyphy-00042-00011198-00011698 So, first of all, we need a consensus among the regents
P7lKrBXyphy-00043-00011822-00012147 and then with the legislature about what would be
P7lKrBXyphy-00044-00012147-00012445 a reasonable set,
P7lKrBXyphy-00045-00012445-00012918 a reasonable philosophy of tuition increases.
P7lKrBXyphy-00046-00012918-00013354 If our major revenue source never increases,
P7lKrBXyphy-00047-00013354-00013552 that means from year-to-year,
P7lKrBXyphy-00048-00013552-00013744 we have to make major cuts.
P7lKrBXyphy-00049-00013744-00014174 And so, that is perhaps my highest priority,
P7lKrBXyphy-00050-00014174-00014674 as a political issue, is to make the case
P7lKrBXyphy-00051-00014684-00015184 for modest, predictable, regular tuition increases.
P7lKrBXyphy-00052-00015262-00015611 The regents are going to consider, at their January meeting,
P7lKrBXyphy-00053-00015611-00015906 a plan for cohort tuition,
P7lKrBXyphy-00054-00015906-00016253 that means only new students coming in get
P7lKrBXyphy-00055-00016253-00016377 a tuition increase,
P7lKrBXyphy-00056-00016377-00016864 and the tuition holds the same for that cohort
P7lKrBXyphy-00057-00016864-00017364 all through their years at any of the UC campuses.
P7lKrBXyphy-00058-00017471-00017656 The other thing that matters, of course,
P7lKrBXyphy-00059-00017656-00018082 is the state's increasing its investment and apportion
P7lKrBXyphy-00060-00018082-00018309 of our budget that comes from the state.
P7lKrBXyphy-00061-00018441-00018850 We got to a balanced budget about halfway through cuts
P7lKrBXyphy-00062-00019046-00019328 and through financial discipline,
P7lKrBXyphy-00063-00019328-00019665 and about halfway through growing revenue sources.
P7lKrBXyphy-00064-00019665-00020165 Our increased diversification and multiplication of sources
P7lKrBXyphy-00065-00020195-00020469 of revenue is becoming very robust
P7lKrBXyphy-00066-00020469-00020812 and that's really exciting and very good for the campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00067-00020812-00021107 So other news, I wish I could be as cheerful
P7lKrBXyphy-00068-00021107-00021405 about the capital side of our budget as I am
P7lKrBXyphy-00069-00021405-00021631 about the operating side.
P7lKrBXyphy-00070-00021631-00021978 Rosemarie Rae, the CFO, has said often,
P7lKrBXyphy-00071-00021978-00022260 "I'm absolutely confident I can solve Berkeley's
P7lKrBXyphy-00072-00022260-00022435 "operating budget problem.
P7lKrBXyphy-00073-00022435-00022745 "I cannot solve it's capital budget problem."
P7lKrBXyphy-00074-00022745-00023121 And just to lay out the different aspects of it,
P7lKrBXyphy-00075-00023121-00023590 we have a two billion dollar deferred maintenance backlog.
P7lKrBXyphy-00076-00023590-00023864 I'm sure you all know what that means.
P7lKrBXyphy-00077-00023864-00024362 And then we have, recently, reassessed the seismic condition
P7lKrBXyphy-00078-00024362-00024599 of all the buildings on campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00079-00024599-00024920 They're rated one through seven, with seven being the worst
P7lKrBXyphy-00080-00024920-00025062 and one being the best.
P7lKrBXyphy-00081-00025062-00025375 The only good news is we have no sevens.
P7lKrBXyphy-00082-00025375-00025804 But we have seven sixes, which is very poor,
P7lKrBXyphy-00083-00025804-00026086 and we have over 60 fives.
P7lKrBXyphy-00084-00026086-00026357 So that's a huge challenge for the campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00085-00026357-00026857 with no clear revenue stream to do that seismic work.
P7lKrBXyphy-00086-00026963-00027297 We also have gotten to a point where many of
P7lKrBXyphy-00087-00027297-00027695 our laboratory buildings for STEM -
P7lKrBXyphy-00088-00027695-00027991 science, technology, engineering, mathematics -
P7lKrBXyphy-00089-00027991-00028491 are not in the shape that they need to be for our research
P7lKrBXyphy-00090-00028611-00028989 and, frankly, to compete for faculty with our private peers.
P7lKrBXyphy-00091-00028989-00029256 So we have a real problem in the modernization
P7lKrBXyphy-00092-00029256-00029469 of our laboratory.
P7lKrBXyphy-00093-00029469-00029830 And then, of course, there's the huge issue of housing,
P7lKrBXyphy-00094-00029830-00030075 and how few of our students we house
P7lKrBXyphy-00095-00030075-00030417 and how much a burden this is for our students
P7lKrBXyphy-00096-00030417-00030718 who have to live in places that are too expensive,
P7lKrBXyphy-00097-00030718-00031216 too crowded, on the very impacted Berkeley, Oakland,
P7lKrBXyphy-00098-00031216-00031701 El Cerrito markets for rentals,
P7lKrBXyphy-00099-00031701-00031904 so that's really a challenge.
P7lKrBXyphy-00100-00031904-00032122 Let me tell you a little bit about what we're doing
P7lKrBXyphy-00101-00032122-00032322 on the capital side.
P7lKrBXyphy-00102-00032322-00032694 First of all, our housing projects are moving forward.
P7lKrBXyphy-00103-00032694-00033164 We have a wonderful, wonderful donor-developed project.
P7lKrBXyphy-00104-00033164-00033350 It's name is now Anchor House
P7lKrBXyphy-00105-00033350-00033640 and it indeed will be an anchor for our campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00106-00033640-00033884 It'll be right at the entrance to the campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00107-00033884-00034279 on the corner of University and Oxford.
P7lKrBXyphy-00108-00034279-00034452 It will be for transfer students,
P7lKrBXyphy-00109-00034452-00034683 it's such an exciting gift.
P7lKrBXyphy-00110-00034683-00035046 We have another gift that is going to be made to the campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00111-00035046-00035318 where someone is building us an apartment building
P7lKrBXyphy-00112-00035318-00035557 for graduate students at Emeryville.
P7lKrBXyphy-00113-00035557-00035828 And so, that's also an incredibly,
P7lKrBXyphy-00114-00035828-00036069 incredibly exciting development.
P7lKrBXyphy-00115-00036069-00036252 In January, at the regents' meeting,
P7lKrBXyphy-00116-00036252-00036578 we're taking People's Park to the regents.
P7lKrBXyphy-00117-00036578-00036962 That is moving ahead in the planning
P7lKrBXyphy-00118-00036962-00037233 and I think you all know it's going to be about a quarter
P7lKrBXyphy-00119-00037233-00037603 of the site, we'll use for permanent supportive housing
P7lKrBXyphy-00120-00037603-00037709 for the homeless,
P7lKrBXyphy-00121-00037709-00037967 a quarter of it for a commemorative park,
P7lKrBXyphy-00122-00037967-00038222 our own Walter Hood, who just recently won
P7lKrBXyphy-00123-00038222-00038495 a MacArthur Genius award, is going to be doing
P7lKrBXyphy-00124-00038495-00038611 the park design
P7lKrBXyphy-00125-00038611-00038812 and about half of that for housing.
P7lKrBXyphy-00126-00038812-00039047 And then there are other things in the hopper too.
P7lKrBXyphy-00127-00039047-00039415 So we're moving as fast as we can for housing.
P7lKrBXyphy-00128-00039415-00039803 The one project that stalled is the Upper Hearst Project,
P7lKrBXyphy-00129-00039803-00040029 the one that's on the parking lot
P7lKrBXyphy-00130-00040029-00040267 that's at the top of Hearst there,
P7lKrBXyphy-00131-00040267-00040688 because the city is suing us about the
P7lKrBXyphy-00132-00040688-00041107 supplemental environmental impact report that we had to do
P7lKrBXyphy-00133-00041107-00041244 for that project.
P7lKrBXyphy-00134-00041244-00041583 We cannot start construction on that project.
P7lKrBXyphy-00135-00041583-00041825 So that's the housing piece of it.
P7lKrBXyphy-00136-00041825-00042304 The campus piece of it is much, much more complicated
P7lKrBXyphy-00137-00042304-00042659 and I think of it as like a giant chess game
P7lKrBXyphy-00138-00042659-00042890 or a kind of Rubik's Cube.
P7lKrBXyphy-00139-00042890-00043383 We have to figure out how we can strengthen
P7lKrBXyphy-00140-00043383-00043621 our buildings seismically.
P7lKrBXyphy-00141-00043621-00043944 In other words, do the seismic retrofits.
P7lKrBXyphy-00142-00043944-00044299 Build whatever new facilities, modernize whatever buildings
P7lKrBXyphy-00143-00044299-00044443 we need to build
P7lKrBXyphy-00144-00044443-00044943 and minimize the number of moves that individual units need
P7lKrBXyphy-00145-00045101-00045210 to make.
P7lKrBXyphy-00146-00045210-00045598 So the building that we've set our sights on
P7lKrBXyphy-00147-00045598-00046098 as the number one seismic remediation project is Evans Hall.
P7lKrBXyphy-00148-00046205-00046389 That's one of our sixes.
P7lKrBXyphy-00149-00046389-00046707 I don't think many tears will be shed for Evans.
P7lKrBXyphy-00150-00046887-00047052 But what we have to do...
P7lKrBXyphy-00151-00047052-00047347 The reason we chose Evans is it's a six
P7lKrBXyphy-00152-00047347-00047687 and it is the, in terms of occupancy,
P7lKrBXyphy-00153-00047687-00048022 the biggest of our buildings that are sixes,
P7lKrBXyphy-00154-00048022-00048352 and so we have to figure out a place to put all the people
P7lKrBXyphy-00155-00048352-00048565 and functions that are in Evans.
P7lKrBXyphy-00156-00048565-00048927 So the first building we will build will be a building
P7lKrBXyphy-00157-00048927-00049297 on what we're calling the Tullman site
P7lKrBXyphy-00158-00049297-00049572 but it obviously will have another meaning.
P7lKrBXyphy-00159-00049572-00049815 That'll be a data science building.
P7lKrBXyphy-00160-00049815-00050276 And then we will build, at the same time,
P7lKrBXyphy-00161-00050276-00050568 a building that'll have classrooms, academic,
P7lKrBXyphy-00162-00050835-00051335 LNS-advising, mathematics and economics,
P7lKrBXyphy-00163-00051335-00051488 and we haven't figured out where.
P7lKrBXyphy-00164-00051488-00051941 We're contemplating what the best site for that would be.
P7lKrBXyphy-00165-00051941-00052167 And then when we do those two things,
P7lKrBXyphy-00166-00052167-00052348 then we can take down Evans.
P7lKrBXyphy-00167-00052348-00052654 We're not gonna build a new Evans in its place.
P7lKrBXyphy-00168-00052654-00052851 We'll probably build two smaller buildings,
P7lKrBXyphy-00169-00052851-00053209 but that's kind of where we're going in the most
P7lKrBXyphy-00170-00053209-00053372 immediate future.
P7lKrBXyphy-00171-00053372-00053501 We have some...
P7lKrBXyphy-00172-00053501-00053915 The seismic ratings for the six buildings are...
P7lKrBXyphy-00173-00053915-00054126 They mean all kinds of different things.
P7lKrBXyphy-00174-00054126-00054425 For example, Moffat Library is a six.
P7lKrBXyphy-00175-00054425-00054834 All that means is it has one pillar that needs reinforcement
P7lKrBXyphy-00176-00054834-00055047 and that's about a $10 million project,
P7lKrBXyphy-00177-00055047-00055406 not very expensive in the way those things go.
P7lKrBXyphy-00178-00055577-00055791 Durant is another six.
P7lKrBXyphy-00179-00055791-00056291 Means the stonework on the front isn't well enough attached
P7lKrBXyphy-00180-00056385-00056470 to the building.
P7lKrBXyphy-00181-00056470-00056970 So the seismic ratings mean a whole range of things
P7lKrBXyphy-00182-00057008-00057315 from buildings that really have to be demolished,
P7lKrBXyphy-00183-00057315-00057472 like Evans, and replaced,
P7lKrBXyphy-00184-00057472-00057859 to ones where the retrofit is pretty straightforward
P7lKrBXyphy-00185-00057859-00058359 and relatively, I say relatively, inexpensive.
P7lKrBXyphy-00186-00058362-00058852 There is going to be a bond issue on the state ballot
P7lKrBXyphy-00187-00058997-00059185 for the primary election.
P7lKrBXyphy-00188-00059185-00059541 That's extremely important for our capital planning.
P7lKrBXyphy-00189-00059541-00059808 It's a $15 million bond issue.
P7lKrBXyphy-00190-00059808-00060166 It's nine million for K-12 and two million each
P7lKrBXyphy-00191-00060166-00060294 for the community-- - [Dan] Two billion.
P7lKrBXyphy-00192-00060294-00060473 - Oh billion, billion, sorry.
P7lKrBXyphy-00193-00060473-00060737 You get used to doing away with the zeroes.
P7lKrBXyphy-00194-00060848-00061022 Makes it all seem more manageable.
P7lKrBXyphy-00195-00061587-00061824 Billion, 15 billion and two billion each
P7lKrBXyphy-00196-00061824-00062119 for the community colleges, CSU and UC,
P7lKrBXyphy-00197-00062119-00062484 and that money will be distributed among the UCs.
P7lKrBXyphy-00198-00062484-00062866 All of our projects, or many of our projects,
P7lKrBXyphy-00199-00062866-00063298 will have complex funding arrangements.
P7lKrBXyphy-00200-00063298-00063645 We will have a philanthropic element
P7lKrBXyphy-00201-00063645-00063826 to many of our buildings,
P7lKrBXyphy-00202-00063826-00064163 a long term debt element now that our budget is balanced.
P7lKrBXyphy-00203-00064163-00064629 We can take out modest amounts of debt once again
P7lKrBXyphy-00204-00064629-00064871 and a state funding component as well as
P7lKrBXyphy-00205-00064871-00065072 a deferred maintenance component.
P7lKrBXyphy-00206-00065072-00065418 So that's the kind of capital piece, in short.
P7lKrBXyphy-00207-00065520-00065869 Really, really exciting news is that we are about
P7lKrBXyphy-00208-00065869-00066285 to launch a campaign, the public phase of campaign,
P7lKrBXyphy-00209-00066285-00066715 in which we've been counting for now six years.
P7lKrBXyphy-00210-00066715-00067209 The kickoff is going to be on February 29th, 2020.
P7lKrBXyphy-00211-00067209-00067657 I love it that it's a day that comes once every four years.
P7lKrBXyphy-00212-00067657-00068075 And our goal is gonna be very ambitious for this campaign,
P7lKrBXyphy-00213-00068075-00068270 probably six billion dollars,
P7lKrBXyphy-00214-00068270-00068565 and we will expect to be halfway there
P7lKrBXyphy-00215-00068565-00068821 by the time of the public kickoff.
P7lKrBXyphy-00216-00068821-00069153 And you can just keep your ears open,
P7lKrBXyphy-00217-00069153-00069422 we're gonna have a lot of exciting announcements
P7lKrBXyphy-00218-00069422-00069592 about gifts.
P7lKrBXyphy-00219-00069592-00069945 And then, finally, before we turn to Dan's questions
P7lKrBXyphy-00220-00069945-00070028 and your questions,
P7lKrBXyphy-00221-00070028-00070255 I wanna talk a bit about diversity.
P7lKrBXyphy-00222-00070255-00070677 This, to me, is one of the most important priorities I have.
P7lKrBXyphy-00223-00070677-00071045 It is enormously complex to make progress on.
P7lKrBXyphy-00224-00071140-00071480 First, there's a demographic element, obviously.
P7lKrBXyphy-00225-00071480-00071834 I think all of our campus populations,
P7lKrBXyphy-00226-00071834-00072254 undergraduate student body, graduate student body,
P7lKrBXyphy-00227-00072254-00072484 faculty and staff,
P7lKrBXyphy-00228-00072484-00072707 must become more diverse
P7lKrBXyphy-00229-00072707-00073184 and we're developing a strategy for each of those groups.
P7lKrBXyphy-00230-00073184-00073461 So there's the demographic element.
P7lKrBXyphy-00231-00073461-00073755 But then there's the experience that students have
P7lKrBXyphy-00232-00073755-00073970 when they get here
P7lKrBXyphy-00233-00073970-00074444 and that is going to take the community to solve.
P7lKrBXyphy-00234-00074444-00074801 I'm sure Dan will ask me questions about the
P7lKrBXyphy-00235-00074801-00075104 really offensive video that was posted by a student
P7lKrBXyphy-00236-00075104-00075360 and the way in which it has deeply pained
P7lKrBXyphy-00237-00075360-00075729 and grieved elements of our community.
P7lKrBXyphy-00238-00075729-00076221 I think, in large part, because its rubs salt
P7lKrBXyphy-00239-00076221-00076631 in the wound of the prejudice that some of
P7lKrBXyphy-00240-00076631-00077049 our communities live with as part of their daily experience.
P7lKrBXyphy-00241-00077049-00077440 So I'm going to be having a set of conversations
P7lKrBXyphy-00242-00077440-00077661 over the spring semester
P7lKrBXyphy-00243-00077661-00078077 about our responsibilities to our community
P7lKrBXyphy-00244-00078077-00078316 and for our community.
P7lKrBXyphy-00245-00078316-00078514 I think that particularly,
P7lKrBXyphy-00246-00078514-00078733 and I said this in my campus message,
P7lKrBXyphy-00247-00078733-00079227 in this world of easy, cheap online communication,
P7lKrBXyphy-00248-00079227-00079600 something offensive that somebody could say in a room,
P7lKrBXyphy-00249-00079600-00079863 which somebody in the room can say something back
P7lKrBXyphy-00250-00079863-00079983 and they can argue,
P7lKrBXyphy-00251-00080134-00080634 becomes, with the kind of digital universe we live in,
P7lKrBXyphy-00252-00080658-00080933 something that's broadcast to millions of people
P7lKrBXyphy-00253-00080933-00081144 and becomes viral very quickly.
P7lKrBXyphy-00254-00081144-00081436 That's so much harder a problem to solve
P7lKrBXyphy-00255-00081436-00081910 and the consequences are so much less immediate
P7lKrBXyphy-00256-00081910-00082207 to the individual who does it
P7lKrBXyphy-00257-00082207-00082443 because they don't have to confront
P7lKrBXyphy-00258-00082443-00082739 whoever isn't in the room with them
P7lKrBXyphy-00259-00082739-00083093 who may not agree with them
P7lKrBXyphy-00260-00083093-00083507 or find what they've said deeply hurtful or offensive.
P7lKrBXyphy-00261-00083507-00083694 But let me stop there and I'm sure
P7lKrBXyphy-00262-00083694-00083830 we'll talk more about this.
P7lKrBXyphy-00263-00083830-00083946 - Just for those of you in the back,
P7lKrBXyphy-00264-00083946-00084080 there are number of seats in the front--
P7lKrBXyphy-00265-00084080-00084262 - [Carol] Yes don't be afraid! - If you wanna come forward.
P7lKrBXyphy-00266-00084262-00084492 - [Carol] Don't be afraid to sit in the front row!
P7lKrBXyphy-00267-00084640-00084723 - All righty.
P7lKrBXyphy-00268-00084833-00085163 So I do wanna follow up a little bit about the video.
P7lKrBXyphy-00269-00085163-00085352 Almost since the very beginning of your tenure,
P7lKrBXyphy-00270-00085352-00085605 you've talked about the importance you place
P7lKrBXyphy-00271-00085605-00085780 on the sense of community
P7lKrBXyphy-00272-00085780-00086009 and a sense of belonging.
P7lKrBXyphy-00273-00086009-00086231 Those, from my time when I was in college,
P7lKrBXyphy-00274-00086231-00086456 I don't remember that being a priority
P7lKrBXyphy-00275-00086456-00086641 and I don't remember that being a value
P7lKrBXyphy-00276-00086641-00086980 that anybody, I think, paid a lot of attention to.
P7lKrBXyphy-00277-00086980-00087285 Why is it so important for you and how does it connect
P7lKrBXyphy-00278-00087285-00087426 and support the academic...
P7lKrBXyphy-00279-00087426-00087681 Connect to and support the academic vision?
P7lKrBXyphy-00280-00087681-00087819 - That's such an interesting question, Dan,
P7lKrBXyphy-00281-00087819-00088319 and I think, in part, Berkeley is a lot bigger now
P7lKrBXyphy-00282-00088470-00088625 than it used to be.
P7lKrBXyphy-00283-00088625-00088966 30% bigger since 2008.
P7lKrBXyphy-00284-00088966-00089466 And that means it's an even more jostly place
P7lKrBXyphy-00285-00089549-00089653 than it used to be.
P7lKrBXyphy-00286-00089764-00090223 In addition, it's a much more diverse campus,
P7lKrBXyphy-00287-00090223-00090386 I think all to the good,
P7lKrBXyphy-00288-00090640-00090723 than the campus that I joined in 1970
P7lKrBXyphy-00289-00091031-00091334 and that means that people come here with
P7lKrBXyphy-00290-00091334-00091767 very different experiences, different identities,
P7lKrBXyphy-00291-00091767-00092049 different beliefs about the world,
P7lKrBXyphy-00292-00092049-00092490 and these can clash both in classrooms,
P7lKrBXyphy-00293-00092490-00092990 in social kinds of contexts or online.
P7lKrBXyphy-00294-00093054-00093554 And then, Berkeley has become something of a target as well.
P7lKrBXyphy-00295-00093666-00094027 Berkeley is one of the few campuses in the United States
P7lKrBXyphy-00296-00094027-00094423 where you can make the claim that history is happening here
P7lKrBXyphy-00297-00094423-00094697 and that makes it a really attractive stage
P7lKrBXyphy-00298-00094697-00094862 for people to come to
P7lKrBXyphy-00299-00094862-00095128 and make whatever claim they wanna make
P7lKrBXyphy-00300-00095128-00095291 where they think they can get the headline,
P7lKrBXyphy-00301-00095291-00095676 because it's at Berkeley.
P7lKrBXyphy-00302-00095676-00096162 So one of the things that we say we're teaching
P7lKrBXyphy-00303-00096162-00096382 our students, and I think this goes for
P7lKrBXyphy-00304-00096382-00096558 any college and university,
P7lKrBXyphy-00305-00096739-00097103 you're teaching students how to be in a community
P7lKrBXyphy-00306-00097212-00097328 and that...
P7lKrBXyphy-00307-00097328-00097591 Probably most of you know, I was at Smith College.
P7lKrBXyphy-00308-00097591-00097827 Very different place, rural environment,
P7lKrBXyphy-00309-00098007-00098214 about 2900 students.
P7lKrBXyphy-00310-00098305-00098621 It's a very different thing, building community
P7lKrBXyphy-00311-00098621-00098987 at a small place than a big place,
P7lKrBXyphy-00312-00098987-00099328 that's like a city where there are a lot of neighborhoods,
P7lKrBXyphy-00313-00099328-00099665 and so trying to figure out how to do that,
P7lKrBXyphy-00314-00099665-00099900 how to make each of our communities,
P7lKrBXyphy-00315-00099900-00100276 each person in our community feel valued,
P7lKrBXyphy-00316-00100276-00100600 feel as if they belong here,
P7lKrBXyphy-00317-00100600-00100896 seems to me so important
P7lKrBXyphy-00318-00100896-00101177 and it's also extraordinarily difficult.
P7lKrBXyphy-00319-00101289-00101499 I can talk, I can put on programs,
P7lKrBXyphy-00320-00101499-00101890 but finally, I'm not capable of creating a community
P7lKrBXyphy-00321-00101890-00102198 for the 50 or 60 000 people
P7lKrBXyphy-00322-00102198-00102445 who make Berkeley their workplace
P7lKrBXyphy-00323-00102445-00102652 or the place that they study.
P7lKrBXyphy-00324-00102652-00102928 So it's something that's on all of us
P7lKrBXyphy-00325-00103020-00103439 to try to figure out how we can make our community
P7lKrBXyphy-00326-00103439-00103740 a place everyone really values being in
P7lKrBXyphy-00327-00103740-00104195 and feels valued being in.
P7lKrBXyphy-00328-00104195-00104331 - I'm wondering if it feels to you,
P7lKrBXyphy-00329-00104331-00104541 a little bit at the moment, a little Sisyphean,
P7lKrBXyphy-00330-00104541-00104676 the whole sort of quest,
P7lKrBXyphy-00331-00104676-00104886 given what's going in the world beyond campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00332-00104886-00105146 The era of polarization and anger.
P7lKrBXyphy-00333-00105146-00105356 We're moving into a national election period.
P7lKrBXyphy-00334-00105356-00105619 We just had a conservative speaker on campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00335-00105619-00105873 Many of those who wanted to attend were subject
P7lKrBXyphy-00336-00105873-00106369 to extraordinary verbal abuse and physical harassment.
P7lKrBXyphy-00337-00106369-00106621 What are your concerns and thoughts as we move in
P7lKrBXyphy-00338-00106621-00106947 to what might even be a period of even more sort
P7lKrBXyphy-00339-00106947-00107184 of heightened tension and friction?
P7lKrBXyphy-00340-00107184-00107369 - I think we're in a state,
P7lKrBXyphy-00341-00107369-00107588 and this is hardly an original thought,
P7lKrBXyphy-00342-00107588-00107833 but we're in a moment right now nationally,
P7lKrBXyphy-00343-00107833-00108052 politically, it's probably worldwide,
P7lKrBXyphy-00344-00108052-00108333 in which people are really testing norms.
P7lKrBXyphy-00345-00108333-00108614 So kinds of things you wouldn't think
P7lKrBXyphy-00346-00108614-00108780 that you would be able to say,
P7lKrBXyphy-00347-00108780-00109013 people are now saying.
P7lKrBXyphy-00348-00109013-00109143 Trying to say.
P7lKrBXyphy-00349-00109143-00109584 And the fact that the online space is so unaccountable,
P7lKrBXyphy-00350-00109584-00109753 is held so unaccountable,
P7lKrBXyphy-00351-00109753-00109905 makes it easier.
P7lKrBXyphy-00352-00109905-00110405 And we are this moment of both intense polarization,
P7lKrBXyphy-00353-00110441-00110636 the fact that we're a stage
P7lKrBXyphy-00354-00110636-00110999 and the fact that this is a time of testing.
P7lKrBXyphy-00355-00111107-00111452 It's gonna be a trying time, I think, for our campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00356-00111452-00111915 and people's feelings, many of them are extremely raw
P7lKrBXyphy-00357-00111915-00111999 and hurt.
P7lKrBXyphy-00358-00112155-00112418 I didn't wanna talk very much about the video itself
P7lKrBXyphy-00359-00112418-00112605 because I think that the...
P7lKrBXyphy-00360-00112746-00113038 It really was just an occasion for something that's
P7lKrBXyphy-00361-00113038-00113538 way deeper than some very misconceived, hurtful
P7lKrBXyphy-00362-00113636-00113883 individual student's act.
P7lKrBXyphy-00363-00113883-00114383 But the student talked specifically about blacks,
P7lKrBXyphy-00364-00114510-00115010 about gay people and about women,
P7lKrBXyphy-00365-00115082-00115420 and I had many conversations with members
P7lKrBXyphy-00366-00115420-00115801 of the black community saying how much this pained them,
P7lKrBXyphy-00367-00115801-00115997 how much it hurt them,
P7lKrBXyphy-00368-00115997-00116328 how much it made them feel they didn't belong here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00369-00116411-00116634 And I've also had conversations,
P7lKrBXyphy-00370-00116634-00116897 which I really regret I didn't...
P7lKrBXyphy-00371-00116897-00117143 I didn't say anything about this,
P7lKrBXyphy-00372-00117143-00117427 in the message from gay people who felt,
P7lKrBXyphy-00373-00117427-00117759 "This is obliterating my existence.
P7lKrBXyphy-00374-00117759-00117988 "It is not recognizing me."
P7lKrBXyphy-00375-00118119-00118304 It also took out after women
P7lKrBXyphy-00376-00118304-00118593 and I've been thinking a lot, why I just thought this is
P7lKrBXyphy-00377-00118593-00119029 some silly, incredibly misconceived
P7lKrBXyphy-00378-00119029-00119348 young man's drunken rant,
P7lKrBXyphy-00379-00119348-00119538 why didn't it affect me?
P7lKrBXyphy-00380-00119538-00119830 And I, because I'm older and I'm secure
P7lKrBXyphy-00381-00119830-00120008 and I'm powerful and I'm white,
P7lKrBXyphy-00382-00120008-00120430 I'm free to say, "Doesn't matter to me," and it doesn't
P7lKrBXyphy-00383-00120430-00120930 but that's not true of people who feel that they exist
P7lKrBXyphy-00384-00121014-00121240 in a marginalized position
P7lKrBXyphy-00385-00121240-00121623 and somebody is saying, "You don't matter, you don't count,
P7lKrBXyphy-00386-00121623-00121989 "you don't deserve to exist in this community."
P7lKrBXyphy-00387-00121989-00122104 - I just have one more question on this front,
P7lKrBXyphy-00388-00122104-00122266 we'll move on to other subjects and then the questions
P7lKrBXyphy-00389-00122266-00122349 that have come in from the audience.
P7lKrBXyphy-00390-00122349-00122549 One of the things you and I talked about
P7lKrBXyphy-00391-00122549-00122860 when we were preparing for our conversation today,
P7lKrBXyphy-00392-00122860-00123211 you talk about this perceived gap between our stated values
P7lKrBXyphy-00393-00123211-00123358 and our actions.
P7lKrBXyphy-00394-00123358-00123503 Can you unpack that a little bit
P7lKrBXyphy-00395-00123503-00123855 and maybe share some thoughts about how to close that gap?
P7lKrBXyphy-00396-00123855-00124064 Is it through conversation or are there other things
P7lKrBXyphy-00397-00124064-00124185 you're thinking about?
P7lKrBXyphy-00398-00124185-00124424 - Yeah, that's a wonderful question 'cause I think
P7lKrBXyphy-00399-00124424-00124669 all the time about how we're so...
P7lKrBXyphy-00400-00124669-00124889 I talk all the time about how diversity is one
P7lKrBXyphy-00401-00124889-00125001 of our central values.
P7lKrBXyphy-00402-00125001-00125332 We're proud of our diversity at Berkeley.
P7lKrBXyphy-00403-00125332-00125829 But that whole, that aspiration,
P7lKrBXyphy-00404-00126027-00126461 immediately seems hollow when we have any of a number
P7lKrBXyphy-00405-00126461-00126683 of incidents, not just this one,
P7lKrBXyphy-00406-00126683-00126986 that happen on the campus and people live,
P7lKrBXyphy-00407-00126986-00127234 particularly people who are members
P7lKrBXyphy-00408-00127234-00127411 of underrepresented groups,
P7lKrBXyphy-00409-00127411-00127838 live with a sense of contradiction that we're not
P7lKrBXyphy-00410-00127838-00128203 what our words are asserting we aspire to be,
P7lKrBXyphy-00411-00128203-00128490 and that's a huge challenge for the campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00412-00128490-00128723 In part, this is numbers.
P7lKrBXyphy-00413-00128723-00128993 The black students are only three percent
P7lKrBXyphy-00414-00128993-00129247 of our undergraduate population.
P7lKrBXyphy-00415-00129247-00129627 When I came to Berkeley as a faculty member in 1970,
P7lKrBXyphy-00416-00129627-00129864 women were three percent of the faculty
P7lKrBXyphy-00417-00129864-00130095 and I know what it feels like to be three percent.
P7lKrBXyphy-00418-00130095-00130366 You feel like there are not very many people like you
P7lKrBXyphy-00419-00130366-00130790 and so the numbers are really a problem.
P7lKrBXyphy-00420-00130965-00131388 But it's also how we all create community
P7lKrBXyphy-00421-00131388-00131610 that's an issue. - Understood.
P7lKrBXyphy-00422-00131610-00131763 We're gonna move into your questions now
P7lKrBXyphy-00423-00131763-00132038 and, again, if things occur to you, things you wanna ask
P7lKrBXyphy-00424-00132038-00132149 in the course of the conversation,
P7lKrBXyphy-00425-00132149-00132274 the cards remain on your chair.
P7lKrBXyphy-00426-00132274-00132475 Fill them out, hold 'em up.
P7lKrBXyphy-00427-00132475-00132644 So the first question,
P7lKrBXyphy-00428-00132644-00132840 what are we gonna do with $60 million?
P7lKrBXyphy-00429-00132840-00133140 (audience laughter)
P7lKrBXyphy-00430-00133257-00133507 - I'm afraid it's probably already spent.
P7lKrBXyphy-00431-00133507-00133919 I mean, there are so many priorities that we have.
P7lKrBXyphy-00432-00134028-00134358 We're enormously understaffed and (mumbles),
P7lKrBXyphy-00433-00134358-00134701 and I should say this isn't 60 million continuing dollars.
P7lKrBXyphy-00434-00134701-00134907 It's 60 million one-time dollars.
P7lKrBXyphy-00435-00134991-00135326 We have law, the legal expenses all the time.
P7lKrBXyphy-00436-00135326-00135648 We have emergencies that happen, like the power outages.
P7lKrBXyphy-00437-00135811-00136086 It really is, even though it sounds like a lot
P7lKrBXyphy-00438-00136086-00136219 to any human being,
P7lKrBXyphy-00439-00136312-00136509 maybe except for Bill Gates or somebody,
P7lKrBXyphy-00440-00136509-00136812 it's just a drop in the bucket in terms of our expenses.
P7lKrBXyphy-00441-00136812-00136951 - Which reminds me, we're sort of,
P7lKrBXyphy-00442-00136951-00137151 I don't know exactly how many months we're into
P7lKrBXyphy-00443-00137151-00137508 a new regime in Sacramento.
P7lKrBXyphy-00444-00137508-00137678 What's your sense about where we are in terms
P7lKrBXyphy-00445-00137678-00137871 of the possibility of additional state funding?
P7lKrBXyphy-00446-00137871-00138094 What's the university's relationship like
P7lKrBXyphy-00447-00138094-00138220 with this governor right now?
P7lKrBXyphy-00448-00138220-00138562 - This governor, like the previous governor,
P7lKrBXyphy-00449-00138562-00138771 doesn't badmouth the university
P7lKrBXyphy-00450-00138771-00138938 and we're very grateful for that.
P7lKrBXyphy-00451-00138938-00139335 He also is really ambitious for many things,
P7lKrBXyphy-00452-00139335-00139587 and I'm not sure the university is as high
P7lKrBXyphy-00453-00139587-00139968 as some other things are on his list of priorities,
P7lKrBXyphy-00454-00139968-00140341 but we have been really working the legislature.
P7lKrBXyphy-00455-00140341-00140643 There was a quite wonderful meeting that John Perez,
P7lKrBXyphy-00456-00140643-00141046 who is the new chair of the board of regents, put together.
P7lKrBXyphy-00457-00141046-00141314 It was a day and a half in San Diego
P7lKrBXyphy-00458-00141314-00141607 which he invited some leaders from the legislature,
P7lKrBXyphy-00459-00141607-00141930 three chancellors, and I was one of three that was invited,
P7lKrBXyphy-00460-00141930-00142087 as well as a few regents,
P7lKrBXyphy-00461-00142087-00142307 and we really had a meeting of the minds.
P7lKrBXyphy-00462-00142307-00142608 And so I think that it's not just the governor,
P7lKrBXyphy-00463-00142608-00142835 it's really the legislature too
P7lKrBXyphy-00464-00142835-00143135 and changing the conversation with the legislature.
P7lKrBXyphy-00465-00143135-00143252 - Neat.
P7lKrBXyphy-00466-00143252-00143522 Next question, is there any long range plan
P7lKrBXyphy-00467-00143522-00143890 to build more classrooms, especially large classrooms?
P7lKrBXyphy-00468-00143890-00144060 - Absolutely!
P7lKrBXyphy-00469-00144060-00144310 - [Dan] There goes the 60 million!
P7lKrBXyphy-00470-00144310-00144725 - The building that we will build half of the replacement
P7lKrBXyphy-00471-00144725-00144988 for Evans will have many classrooms in it,
P7lKrBXyphy-00472-00144988-00145173 so will the replacement to (murmurs).
P7lKrBXyphy-00473-00145295-00145509 I was just talking with the dean
P7lKrBXyphy-00474-00145509-00145871 of the College of Natural Resources this morning.
P7lKrBXyphy-00475-00145871-00146371 Wellman is one of the number sixes on our seismic list
P7lKrBXyphy-00476-00146743-00146990 and he was talking about his plans for renovation
P7lKrBXyphy-00477-00146990-00147114 of Wellman and putting...
P7lKrBXyphy-00478-00147114-00147260 Restoring what used to a be
P7lKrBXyphy-00479-00147260-00147691 a 200-seat amphitheater lecture room to that building,
P7lKrBXyphy-00480-00147691-00147942 so we're very, very aware.
P7lKrBXyphy-00481-00147942-00148273 There's another really interesting plan to try to create
P7lKrBXyphy-00482-00148273-00148773 another performance space for Cal performances
P7lKrBXyphy-00483-00148790-00149013 that would be a classroom when it's not being used
P7lKrBXyphy-00484-00149013-00149396 for performances, so we're very, very focused on,
P7lKrBXyphy-00485-00149396-00149551 in all our building projects,
P7lKrBXyphy-00486-00149551-00149936 indeed we've identified it as a principle.
P7lKrBXyphy-00487-00149936-00150135 There's no building project that will move forward
P7lKrBXyphy-00488-00150135-00150362 that we won't put classrooms in.
P7lKrBXyphy-00489-00150362-00150485 - So it was a few weeks ago,
P7lKrBXyphy-00490-00150485-00150771 you created a little stir when you opined on the SAT.
P7lKrBXyphy-00491-00150888-00151136 Blew up twitter there for the afternoon.
P7lKrBXyphy-00492-00151301-00151545 Casting some doubt about whether that should be part
P7lKrBXyphy-00493-00151545-00151751 of the process and now (murmurs) unpack
P7lKrBXyphy-00494-00151751-00151834 that a little bit too,
P7lKrBXyphy-00495-00151834-00151995 but the question here from the audience is,
P7lKrBXyphy-00496-00151995-00152270 can you speak to how you came to your recommendation
P7lKrBXyphy-00497-00152270-00152631 to do away with the SAT in the application process?
P7lKrBXyphy-00498-00152631-00152751 - Yeah, I certainly can.
P7lKrBXyphy-00499-00152985-00153361 I was the provost here in the 90s when first
P7lKrBXyphy-00500-00153507-00153844 the regents passed SP1 and SP2,
P7lKrBXyphy-00501-00153844-00154215 which prohibited, among other things,
P7lKrBXyphy-00502-00154215-00154715 any use of gender, race or ethnicity in admissions,
P7lKrBXyphy-00503-00154855-00155312 and then that later became enshrined in Proposition 209
P7lKrBXyphy-00504-00155467-00155656 on the state level.
P7lKrBXyphy-00505-00155656-00156156 And I saw, at that point, how the SAT really exaggerated
P7lKrBXyphy-00506-00156701-00156864 the kind of...
P7lKrBXyphy-00507-00157407-00157622 Real drop in diversity that
P7lKrBXyphy-00508-00157728-00158228 the University of California experienced at that point.
P7lKrBXyphy-00509-00158300-00158523 Some of you maybe remember that Richard Atkinson,
P7lKrBXyphy-00510-00158523-00158685 who was the president at that point,
P7lKrBXyphy-00511-00158685-00159031 did a lot of study of the SAT.
P7lKrBXyphy-00512-00159031-00159273 Pat Hayashi, who used to work on this campus,
P7lKrBXyphy-00513-00159273-00159708 was one of his really important partners in that study.
P7lKrBXyphy-00514-00159708-00160208 And what the studies show, which have continued to this day,
P7lKrBXyphy-00515-00160265-00160521 there's someone who works in our Center for Studies
P7lKrBXyphy-00516-00160521-00160748 in Higher Education called Saul Geiser,
P7lKrBXyphy-00517-00160748-00160956 who's continued to do these studies
P7lKrBXyphy-00518-00160956-00161167 and the most...
P7lKrBXyphy-00519-00161167-00161667 The most important correlative with SAT scores is wealth.
P7lKrBXyphy-00520-00161956-00162310 And even when you strip out all the other correlatives,
P7lKrBXyphy-00521-00162310-00162477 there's kind of a racial correlative
P7lKrBXyphy-00522-00162477-00162632 that you can't strip away.
P7lKrBXyphy-00523-00162726-00163185 You all know, I'm sure, about all the SAT prep resources
P7lKrBXyphy-00524-00163185-00163412 that are available to parents who can pay.
P7lKrBXyphy-00525-00163508-00164008 And so I believe that the SAT does not create
P7lKrBXyphy-00526-00164080-00164504 a level playing field for our students
P7lKrBXyphy-00527-00164504-00164924 in their applications to the university.
P7lKrBXyphy-00528-00164924-00165095 When I was president of Smith,
P7lKrBXyphy-00529-00165095-00165595 I did away with the SAT as a requirement for application
P7lKrBXyphy-00530-00165641-00166140 and we subsequently experienced a much larger,
P7lKrBXyphy-00531-00166140-00166367 more diverse applicant pool
P7lKrBXyphy-00532-00166367-00166657 and a much more diverse student body,
P7lKrBXyphy-00533-00166657-00166935 and our admissions office didn't feel themselves
P7lKrBXyphy-00534-00166935-00167306 in any way hampered in making judgments about
P7lKrBXyphy-00535-00167306-00167797 the academic qualifications of the applicants to Smith.
P7lKrBXyphy-00536-00167797-00168147 So I experienced what it means to make,
P7lKrBXyphy-00537-00168147-00168519 to go SAT-optional and I think it's a good thing to do.
P7lKrBXyphy-00538-00168519-00168609 - And so what's going on with the UC?
P7lKrBXyphy-00539-00168609-00168795 Is there some of study group?
P7lKrBXyphy-00540-00168795-00169030 Where are we? - Yeah, there's a study.
P7lKrBXyphy-00541-00169030-00169404 You probably know that admissions are in the hands
P7lKrBXyphy-00542-00169404-00169550 of the faculty,
P7lKrBXyphy-00543-00169550-00170050 so there is a group that is studying the issue right now
P7lKrBXyphy-00544-00170054-00170288 in the system-wide academic senate.
P7lKrBXyphy-00545-00170288-00170592 It's going to make a recommendation fairly early
P7lKrBXyphy-00546-00170592-00170802 in the new year, February or March,
P7lKrBXyphy-00547-00170802-00171095 and then the regents will act on that recommendation.
P7lKrBXyphy-00548-00171095-00171256 - So staying with the admissions subject,
P7lKrBXyphy-00549-00171256-00171441 this question, also from the audience.
P7lKrBXyphy-00550-00171441-00171630 The University of Texas system recruits
P7lKrBXyphy-00551-00171630-00171825 a diverse student body by giving admission
P7lKrBXyphy-00552-00171825-00172148 to all Texas public high school students in the top 10%
P7lKrBXyphy-00553-00172148-00172355 to the UT system.
P7lKrBXyphy-00554-00172355-00172590 Those in the top seven percent are granted admission
P7lKrBXyphy-00555-00172590-00172834 to the flagship UT Austin campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00556-00172834-00173230 Is this a model the UC system or Berkeley could follow?
P7lKrBXyphy-00557-00173230-00173525 What concrete steps is Berkeley taking to make
P7lKrBXyphy-00558-00173525-00173844 the student body look more like the diverse population
P7lKrBXyphy-00559-00173844-00174097 of California? - That's a great question.
P7lKrBXyphy-00560-00174203-00174609 In fact, we've done a lot of studying of this
P7lKrBXyphy-00561-00174609-00175091 and it doesn't have the diversifying effect
P7lKrBXyphy-00562-00175091-00175453 on our population that it had on the University of Texas,
P7lKrBXyphy-00563-00175453-00175633 in part because we're not as--
P7lKrBXyphy-00564-00175633-00175800 - [Dan] When you say "it," what are you referring to?
P7lKrBXyphy-00565-00175800-00176107 - The top 10%, the top seven percent.
P7lKrBXyphy-00566-00176107-00176418 In part, because we're not as racially
P7lKrBXyphy-00567-00176418-00176918 and ethnically segregated as Texas is.
P7lKrBXyphy-00568-00176920-00177177 I just actually met with the director of admissions
P7lKrBXyphy-00569-00177177-00177370 yesterday, asking that very question,
P7lKrBXyphy-00570-00177370-00177497 what are we doing?
P7lKrBXyphy-00571-00177497-00177843 And we're looking really, really carefully
P7lKrBXyphy-00572-00177843-00178343 at very diverse high schools that are,
P7lKrBXyphy-00573-00178398-00178745 particularly in our immediate neighborhood like Oakland,
P7lKrBXyphy-00574-00178745-00178981 Richmond, Berkeley,
P7lKrBXyphy-00575-00178981-00179313 and looking at those applicants really carefully.
P7lKrBXyphy-00576-00179313-00179604 We are redoubling our outreach efforts
P7lKrBXyphy-00577-00179604-00180065 and will redouble our yield efforts to those schools.
P7lKrBXyphy-00578-00180065-00180315 I'm really delighted to say that there's been a
P7lKrBXyphy-00579-00180315-00180658 very substantial increase in the diversity
P7lKrBXyphy-00580-00180658-00180940 of our transfer pool of applicants this year.
P7lKrBXyphy-00581-00180940-00181261 Though the freshman applicants are pretty much the same,
P7lKrBXyphy-00582-00181261-00181595 in terms of diversity, as last year,
P7lKrBXyphy-00583-00181595-00182079 but I think this is going to be a multiple-year project
P7lKrBXyphy-00584-00182079-00182421 in which we have to work not only on our outreach and yield,
P7lKrBXyphy-00585-00182421-00182672 but also on the culture that students experience
P7lKrBXyphy-00586-00182672-00182871 when they come here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00587-00182871-00183044 - I know you're gonna be also sending out a talk...
P7lKrBXyphy-00588-00183044-00183185 Staying with admissions for a second.
P7lKrBXyphy-00589-00183185-00183477 There's gonna be a campus message soon about some changes
P7lKrBXyphy-00590-00183477-00183781 in how applications are read.
P7lKrBXyphy-00591-00183781-00183936 If you could talk about that a little bit
P7lKrBXyphy-00592-00183936-00184318 and what do you say to counter those who fear
P7lKrBXyphy-00593-00184318-00184735 the university is looking to (mumbles) Proposition 209?
P7lKrBXyphy-00594-00184735-00184978 Talk a little bit about those two things.
P7lKrBXyphy-00595-00184978-00185123 - Okay well, first of all...
P7lKrBXyphy-00596-00185249-00185540 Apologize for this being kind of down in the weeds.
P7lKrBXyphy-00597-00185540-00185977 It used to be when the readers would read applications,
P7lKrBXyphy-00598-00185977-00186239 the first thing they would see the SAT score.
P7lKrBXyphy-00599-00186239-00186484 We're now putting that at the bottom of the application
P7lKrBXyphy-00600-00186484-00186795 and doing the profile stuff at the top.
P7lKrBXyphy-00601-00186926-00187387 We used to ask readers to say yes, no, maybe,
P7lKrBXyphy-00602-00187387-00187721 now we're saying recommend, do not recommend,
P7lKrBXyphy-00603-00187721-00187927 partially recommend.
P7lKrBXyphy-00604-00187927-00188228 So we're trying to change things about the reading process
P7lKrBXyphy-00605-00188228-00188728 that will make the readers or encourage the readers
P7lKrBXyphy-00606-00188906-00189147 to take a more holistic view.
P7lKrBXyphy-00607-00189237-00189426 - [Dan] So what challenges a student may have faced--
P7lKrBXyphy-00608-00189426-00189586 - Yes, exactly.
P7lKrBXyphy-00609-00189586-00189842 Characteristics of the high school
P7lKrBXyphy-00610-00189842-00190059 rather than right upfront, the numbers,
P7lKrBXyphy-00611-00190059-00190436 which is the way the reading process used to work.
P7lKrBXyphy-00612-00190436-00190743 And we've changed the training of the readers
P7lKrBXyphy-00613-00190743-00191243 but we do not take into account race or ethnicity or gender.
P7lKrBXyphy-00614-00191390-00191567 We can't, it's against the law.
P7lKrBXyphy-00615-00191567-00191650 - Understood.
P7lKrBXyphy-00616-00191772-00191959 Staying with another complicated subject, this one is,
P7lKrBXyphy-00617-00191959-00192331 can you comment on implications for Berkeley regarding
P7lKrBXyphy-00618-00192331-00192684 the Trump administration's declaration
P7lKrBXyphy-00619-00193041-00193176 regarding antisemitism,
P7lKrBXyphy-00620-00193176-00193407 that federal funds will be withheld from schools
P7lKrBXyphy-00621-00193407-00193734 that don't provide, that don't confront antisemitism.
P7lKrBXyphy-00622-00193734-00193960 This was done under what's called Title Six.
P7lKrBXyphy-00623-00193960-00194387 Title Six offers protections for people based on race,
P7lKrBXyphy-00624-00194387-00194835 ethnicity and nationality, and there was concern
P7lKrBXyphy-00625-00194835-00194936 in the Jewish community.
P7lKrBXyphy-00626-00194936-00195361 On one hand, parts of the Jewish community seem pleased
P7lKrBXyphy-00627-00195361-00195622 the administration is taking a stand against antisemitism.
P7lKrBXyphy-00628-00195622-00195942 Others concerned that it facilitates othering
P7lKrBXyphy-00629-00195942-00196230 by suggesting that Jews are a nation apart.
P7lKrBXyphy-00630-00196230-00196566 So what was your reaction to it and do you think
P7lKrBXyphy-00631-00196566-00196837 it's gonna have an impact here on campus?
P7lKrBXyphy-00632-00196837-00197085 - I don't think it's gonna have much of
P7lKrBXyphy-00633-00197085-00197168 an impact here on campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00634-00197168-00197389 There's been a lot of debate in the press
P7lKrBXyphy-00635-00197389-00197755 about the contradiction between this presidential order
P7lKrBXyphy-00636-00197755-00198099 and the presidential order to colleges and universities
P7lKrBXyphy-00637-00198099-00198378 a little while ago, again, threatening federal funding...
P7lKrBXyphy-00638-00198378-00198878 Taking away federal funding and supporting academic freedom.
P7lKrBXyphy-00639-00198907-00199169 These are in contradiction with each other,
P7lKrBXyphy-00640-00199169-00199598 that if you say...
P7lKrBXyphy-00641-00199598-00199924 I mean this, again, gets way down in the weeds
P7lKrBXyphy-00642-00199924-00200196 but if you take the definition that
P7lKrBXyphy-00643-00200196-00200486 the presidential order has of antisemitism,
P7lKrBXyphy-00644-00200486-00200800 it would mean that anti-Israel statements are part of
P7lKrBXyphy-00645-00200800-00200936 what is seen as antisemitic,
P7lKrBXyphy-00646-00200936-00201275 yet you're certainly allowed to be critical
P7lKrBXyphy-00647-00201275-00201441 of Israeli politics
P7lKrBXyphy-00648-00201441-00201941 or support a Palestinian state or Palestine liberation
P7lKrBXyphy-00649-00202052-00202236 and for free speech indeed.
P7lKrBXyphy-00650-00202343-00202608 One of the things that I say often to students
P7lKrBXyphy-00651-00202608-00202909 and upsets them is you can say a lot of
P7lKrBXyphy-00652-00202909-00203324 really abhorrent things and they're protected
P7lKrBXyphy-00653-00203324-00203582 by the First Amendment.
P7lKrBXyphy-00654-00203582-00203731 So it's not...
P7lKrBXyphy-00655-00203889-00204155 As with many things the president is doing,
P7lKrBXyphy-00656-00204155-00204602 it seems to be more motivated by a political goal than one
P7lKrBXyphy-00657-00204602-00205051 that is actually good for colleges and universities.
P7lKrBXyphy-00658-00205051-00205283 But I actually don't think it's going to be,
P7lKrBXyphy-00659-00205377-00205518 have much of an impact here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00660-00205604-00205726 - Okay, moving into a different area.
P7lKrBXyphy-00661-00205726-00205942 I'm always blown away by the full range of issues
P7lKrBXyphy-00662-00205942-00206173 that you need to weigh in on.
P7lKrBXyphy-00663-00206173-00206477 So now we're gonna come back down to the ground level.
P7lKrBXyphy-00664-00206477-00206758 The question is, is the housing problem severe enough
P7lKrBXyphy-00665-00206758-00206971 that the campus is willing to engage in
P7lKrBXyphy-00666-00206971-00207348 public conversations regarding student affairs,
P7lKrBXyphy-00667-00207348-00207498 and here they're referring to the division
P7lKrBXyphy-00668-00207498-00207631 of student affairs,
P7lKrBXyphy-00669-00207631-00207905 student affairs' reliance on housing revenue
P7lKrBXyphy-00670-00207905-00208214 to support its programs rather than maintain
P7lKrBXyphy-00671-00208214-00208652 existing infrastructure or build new buildings?
P7lKrBXyphy-00672-00208652-00208876 - Yeah, I think that's a really important question
P7lKrBXyphy-00673-00208876-00209029 and indeed, it's a conversation that
P7lKrBXyphy-00674-00209029-00209202 we've been having privately.
P7lKrBXyphy-00675-00209202-00209608 And one of the things that is absolutely wonderful
P7lKrBXyphy-00676-00209608-00210054 about these donor gifts we're getting for housing is
P7lKrBXyphy-00677-00210054-00210291 that they will subsidize the cost of housing
P7lKrBXyphy-00678-00210291-00210532 and enable us to make housing more affordable.
P7lKrBXyphy-00679-00210532-00210752 We're also pursuing other philanthropic gifts
P7lKrBXyphy-00680-00210752-00210913 in regard to housing.
P7lKrBXyphy-00681-00211022-00211155 - Another one, next.
P7lKrBXyphy-00682-00211155-00211251 Thanks for being here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00683-00211251-00211544 I understand you recently shared the Berkeley staff report
P7lKrBXyphy-00684-00211544-00211779 on staff baby-bonding leave with
P7lKrBXyphy-00685-00211779-00211969 the UC Council of Chancellors.
P7lKrBXyphy-00686-00211969-00212242 How did they respond and what are the next steps?
P7lKrBXyphy-00687-00212242-00212516 Any sense of when we might see a policy change?
P7lKrBXyphy-00688-00212631-00212852 - All the other chancellors, I'm glad to say,
P7lKrBXyphy-00689-00212852-00213130 were completely supportive, as was the president.
P7lKrBXyphy-00690-00213130-00213330 She said, "Get this done!"
P7lKrBXyphy-00691-00213330-00213798 to the person who was the head of HR, who was in the room.
P7lKrBXyphy-00692-00213798-00214050 And so I know it went to the vice-chancellors
P7lKrBXyphy-00693-00214050-00214242 for administration at their last meeting,
P7lKrBXyphy-00694-00214242-00214435 which I think was either yesterday or the day
P7lKrBXyphy-00695-00214435-00214591 before yesterday.
P7lKrBXyphy-00696-00214591-00214789 And we're moving through that.
P7lKrBXyphy-00697-00214789-00215046 There are number of different ways to do this,
P7lKrBXyphy-00698-00215046-00215216 what would be most preferable,
P7lKrBXyphy-00699-00215216-00215489 there's currently, as many people may know,
P7lKrBXyphy-00700-00215489-00215989 a state law that stipulates that all state agencies
P7lKrBXyphy-00701-00216229-00216685 as well as private organizations have to give
P7lKrBXyphy-00702-00216685-00217014 a family leave and baby bonding leave,
P7lKrBXyphy-00703-00217014-00217321 but because the University of California is
P7lKrBXyphy-00704-00217321-00217632 constitutionally independent, it doesn't apply
P7lKrBXyphy-00705-00217632-00217784 to the University of California,
P7lKrBXyphy-00706-00217784-00218206 so we're gonna need some kind of amendment to that state law
P7lKrBXyphy-00707-00218206-00218405 to include the University of California.
P7lKrBXyphy-00708-00218405-00218673 That's, as I understand it now,
P7lKrBXyphy-00709-00218673-00218933 that's the route that the office
P7lKrBXyphy-00710-00218933-00219103 of the president wants to take,
P7lKrBXyphy-00711-00219103-00219335 and I just don't know how long that's all gonna take.
P7lKrBXyphy-00712-00219335-00219419 - Got it.
P7lKrBXyphy-00713-00219419-00219610 We're gonna stay in the HR world here and the question is,
P7lKrBXyphy-00714-00219610-00219810 some of us are forced to use vacation days
P7lKrBXyphy-00715-00219810-00219937 during curtailment in summer.
P7lKrBXyphy-00716-00219937-00220238 Why not give us all the days off?
P7lKrBXyphy-00717-00220238-00220555 (audience applauding)
P7lKrBXyphy-00718-00220796-00221045 - I actually think that's a great idea.
P7lKrBXyphy-00719-00221227-00221492 Speaking as someone who has to use her vacation days.
P7lKrBXyphy-00720-00221716-00221932 - [Dan] Powerful, but not that powerful.
P7lKrBXyphy-00721-00222076-00222470 - I was certainly willing to take that issue up
P7lKrBXyphy-00722-00222470-00222821 but I think the complexity of it is that some people
P7lKrBXyphy-00723-00222821-00223062 really do have to work over...
P7lKrBXyphy-00724-00223171-00223311 That art campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00725-00223311-00223432 Let's backtrack a little bit.
P7lKrBXyphy-00726-00223432-00223717 When I was at Smith, Smith really closed over vacation.
P7lKrBXyphy-00727-00223717-00223850 It's completely closed.
P7lKrBXyphy-00728-00223850-00223975 You couldn't do anything.
P7lKrBXyphy-00729-00223975-00224206 Berkeley never really closes
P7lKrBXyphy-00730-00224206-00224664 and so I guess that there would be an equity issue
P7lKrBXyphy-00731-00224664-00224855 you'd have to sort out.
P7lKrBXyphy-00732-00224855-00225040 Maybe you just add to vacation days.
P7lKrBXyphy-00733-00225040-00225188 I actually think its a good idea
P7lKrBXyphy-00734-00225188-00225639 but I haven't had this conversation with anybody
P7lKrBXyphy-00735-00225639-00225722 so I've...
P7lKrBXyphy-00736-00225992-00226342 I'm told often that when I think something is a good idea,
P7lKrBXyphy-00737-00226342-00226426 that it is.
P7lKrBXyphy-00738-00226708-00227006 - Sticking with the sort of same general subject.
P7lKrBXyphy-00739-00227006-00227271 The question is, as our student population grows,
P7lKrBXyphy-00740-00227271-00227516 how do you plan to prioritize staff growth,
P7lKrBXyphy-00741-00227516-00227792 especially in the student services side
P7lKrBXyphy-00742-00227792-00228042 where students of concern,
P7lKrBXyphy-00743-00228042-00228373 conflicts among student populations demand
P7lKrBXyphy-00744-00228373-00228560 more time to resolve.
P7lKrBXyphy-00745-00228560-00229060 - I think staff growth in student-facing staff has
P7lKrBXyphy-00746-00229115-00229253 to be prioritized.
P7lKrBXyphy-00747-00229253-00229600 We're under-invested, I believe, in advising stuff.
P7lKrBXyphy-00748-00229688-00230117 Clearly, there's an increasing demand for more councilors
P7lKrBXyphy-00749-00230117-00230334 at the Tang Center,
P7lKrBXyphy-00750-00230334-00230492 and just student-facing staff.
P7lKrBXyphy-00751-00230492-00230784 I mean it's not reasonable to think.
P7lKrBXyphy-00752-00230784-00230981 One of the things that I'm very concerned with,
P7lKrBXyphy-00753-00230981-00231246 sorry, restarting,
P7lKrBXyphy-00754-00231246-00231548 is that we have grown our student body as I said before
P7lKrBXyphy-00755-00231548-00231806 by 30%, we have not grown our faculty.
P7lKrBXyphy-00756-00231806-00232037 So too many students can get classes,
P7lKrBXyphy-00757-00232037-00232219 can't get required classes.
P7lKrBXyphy-00758-00232219-00232376 We really need to grow the faculty
P7lKrBXyphy-00759-00232376-00232609 and we have to grow the student-facing staff.
P7lKrBXyphy-00760-00232609-00232769 - What are the plans on growing the faculty?
P7lKrBXyphy-00761-00232769-00232889 Is the part of the campaign,
P7lKrBXyphy-00762-00232889-00233096 where are we with that? - That's part of the campaign.
P7lKrBXyphy-00763-00233096-00233296 In fact, I should've said my opening remarks,
P7lKrBXyphy-00764-00233296-00233473 what the goals with campaign are,
P7lKrBXyphy-00765-00233473-00233889 not just the new money goal but the project goals.
P7lKrBXyphy-00766-00234079-00234326 We wanna add at least a 100 faculty.
P7lKrBXyphy-00767-00234537-00234931 Graduate student support is a very important goal
P7lKrBXyphy-00768-00234931-00235323 for the campaign because we're now no longer competitive
P7lKrBXyphy-00769-00235323-00235473 with our private peers for
P7lKrBXyphy-00770-00235473-00235778 our graduate student support packages
P7lKrBXyphy-00771-00235778-00236139 and undergraduate scholarships,
P7lKrBXyphy-00772-00236139-00236484 and the kinds of programs that will enable students
P7lKrBXyphy-00773-00236484-00236955 both to navigate this very complex place better,
P7lKrBXyphy-00774-00236955-00237287 but also make sure that students who are
P7lKrBXyphy-00775-00237287-00237633 on financial aid don't miss out
P7lKrBXyphy-00776-00237633-00238076 on the kinds of life-transforming experiences
P7lKrBXyphy-00777-00238076-00238290 like doing research with a faculty member
P7lKrBXyphy-00778-00238290-00238603 or having internships that really lead
P7lKrBXyphy-00779-00238603-00238813 to future opportunities.
P7lKrBXyphy-00780-00238813-00239232 So those are some of the campaign priorities.
P7lKrBXyphy-00781-00239232-00239315 - Got it.
P7lKrBXyphy-00782-00239455-00239583 Staying with money here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00783-00239583-00239861 Is any additional funding or support being provided
P7lKrBXyphy-00784-00239861-00240073 to retention centers on campus?
P7lKrBXyphy-00785-00240073-00240252 And I cannot read the last word.
P7lKrBXyphy-00786-00240252-00240502 They gave an example of a retention center.
P7lKrBXyphy-00787-00240502-00240678 I'm not even sure what a retention center is,
P7lKrBXyphy-00788-00240678-00240827 if you could perhaps explain y--
P7lKrBXyphy-00789-00240827-00240965 - Well, they're, all of them,
P7lKrBXyphy-00790-00240965-00241198 they're many programs, they're not a single program
P7lKrBXyphy-00791-00241198-00241542 but all of the programs, like EOP for example,
P7lKrBXyphy-00792-00241542-00241829 that provide resources or through Student Learning Center
P7lKrBXyphy-00793-00241829-00242176 that provide resources and counseling for students
P7lKrBXyphy-00794-00242176-00242454 that helped them thrive at Berkeley.
P7lKrBXyphy-00795-00242454-00242753 We just got a wonderful, wonderful grant
P7lKrBXyphy-00796-00242753-00243128 from the Haas Jr. Foundation of $10 million.
P7lKrBXyphy-00797-00243128-00243452 A lot of that is going to retention efforts.
P7lKrBXyphy-00798-00243452-00243723 We got another grant from the (mumbles) Foundation,
P7lKrBXyphy-00799-00243723-00243884 some of that is going to be used
P7lKrBXyphy-00800-00243884-00244176 for retention-connected efforts.
P7lKrBXyphy-00801-00244176-00244400 - I'm just curious, you were talking about fundraising
P7lKrBXyphy-00802-00244400-00244557 at different points throughout the conversation,
P7lKrBXyphy-00803-00244557-00244915 what's the main narrative when you meet with somebody
P7lKrBXyphy-00804-00244915-00245206 who's potentially a very significant donor,
P7lKrBXyphy-00805-00245206-00245341 and they're interested and they wanna,
P7lKrBXyphy-00806-00245341-00245523 "What's going on with Berkeley?
P7lKrBXyphy-00807-00245658-00246058 "What are the high points of what you convey,
P7lKrBXyphy-00808-00246058-00246212 what you want them to understand?
P7lKrBXyphy-00809-00246212-00246438 - What I talk about is very much
P7lKrBXyphy-00810-00246438-00246542 where I've talked about here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00811-00246542-00246767 I talk about my aspirations for the campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00812-00246767-00247267 I try to get them to understand the lack of equity
P7lKrBXyphy-00813-00247301-00247501 of experience of our students.
P7lKrBXyphy-00814-00247501-00247850 I talk about our great needs for facilities
P7lKrBXyphy-00815-00247850-00248007 in science and engineering.
P7lKrBXyphy-00816-00248007-00248367 Many people think that fundraising is like going on
P7lKrBXyphy-00817-00248367-00248726 with a shopping list or going to an ATM.
P7lKrBXyphy-00818-00248726-00248950 And that's really not the case.
P7lKrBXyphy-00819-00248950-00249110 It's a conversation.
P7lKrBXyphy-00820-00249110-00249378 And people who have enormous capacity
P7lKrBXyphy-00821-00249378-00249607 and inclination to give,
P7lKrBXyphy-00822-00249607-00250107 think of the gifts that they give as their lagacy
P7lKrBXyphy-00823-00250139-00250235 in the world.
P7lKrBXyphy-00824-00250235-00250531 And they have to be deeply meaningful to them.
P7lKrBXyphy-00825-00250531-00250835 So it's not as if I go in and ask,
P7lKrBXyphy-00826-00250835-00251094 "I want funding for the LNS advising."
P7lKrBXyphy-00827-00251094-00251478 It's really a conversation in which I try to understand
P7lKrBXyphy-00828-00251478-00251734 what's important to you about Berkeley.
P7lKrBXyphy-00829-00251734-00251983 What do you wanna say for this university
P7lKrBXyphy-00830-00251983-00252157 that you valued so much?
P7lKrBXyphy-00831-00252157-00252442 And then we try to find a meeting of the minds
P7lKrBXyphy-00832-00252442-00252942 of things that meet the donor's aspirations
P7lKrBXyphy-00833-00253094-00253544 and things that the university indeed...
P7lKrBXyphy-00834-00253544-00253806 Fit with the university's aspirations.
P7lKrBXyphy-00835-00253806-00253889 - Got it.
P7lKrBXyphy-00836-00254013-00254357 Let's see, so here's first the thank you for Unix
P7lKrBXyphy-00837-00254357-00254523 unlimited courses in 2020.
P7lKrBXyphy-00838-00254523-00254798 And this is what staff can-- - Yes, yeah, yeah.
P7lKrBXyphy-00839-00254798-00254882 That's great.
P7lKrBXyphy-00840-00254882-00255085 And I wanna say how that arose,
P7lKrBXyphy-00841-00255085-00255391 which is I had been having a set of lunches
P7lKrBXyphy-00842-00255391-00255678 at the chancellor's house for
P7lKrBXyphy-00843-00255678-00256021 the elected union representatives and we, of course,
P7lKrBXyphy-00844-00256021-00256242 can't talk about collective bargaining issues,
P7lKrBXyphy-00845-00256242-00256538 but we were talking about their experience of working
P7lKrBXyphy-00846-00256538-00256775 on the campus and things they'd like to see,
P7lKrBXyphy-00847-00256775-00257035 and this suggestion came from a lunch
P7lKrBXyphy-00848-00257035-00257238 when we were talking about Unix courses
P7lKrBXyphy-00849-00257238-00257723 and I remember a woman talking so eloquently,
P7lKrBXyphy-00850-00257723-00257970 saying, "Now we're only allowed to take courses
P7lKrBXyphy-00851-00257970-00258426 "that relate to our work and can increase our expertise"
P7lKrBXyphy-00852-00258426-00258530 of whatever her job is.
P7lKrBXyphy-00853-00258530-00258777 She said, "I'm a janitor.
P7lKrBXyphy-00854-00258777-00259088 "There aren't any courses about being a janitor.
P7lKrBXyphy-00855-00259088-00259370 "And I would love to take courses that would increase
P7lKrBXyphy-00856-00259370-00259863 "my capacities that I have that would enable me to do
P7lKrBXyphy-00857-00259863-00259998 "a different kind of job."
P7lKrBXyphy-00858-00259998-00260171 We really took this seriously.
P7lKrBXyphy-00859-00260171-00260358 'Nother suggestion that came out of
P7lKrBXyphy-00860-00260358-00260858 that lunch was ESL classes for employees
P7lKrBXyphy-00861-00260866-00261026 who are...
P7lKrBXyphy-00862-00261026-00261282 Where English is a second language.
P7lKrBXyphy-00863-00261282-00261510 So we got some really good suggestions
P7lKrBXyphy-00864-00261510-00261862 so I wanna give credit to the employees
P7lKrBXyphy-00865-00261862-00262030 who thought of this idea.
P7lKrBXyphy-00866-00262030-00262430 - And then the same person had a follow up asking
P7lKrBXyphy-00867-00262564-00262688 if tuition reimbursement will be offered for staff
P7lKrBXyphy-00868-00262688-00262970 if the classes or master programs are taken
P7lKrBXyphy-00869-00262970-00263124 outside UC Berkeley.
P7lKrBXyphy-00870-00263124-00263362 - I don't think that's gonna happen.
P7lKrBXyphy-00871-00263362-00263578 That was, when I was at Smith,
P7lKrBXyphy-00872-00263578-00263893 I think the most valued benefit we offered our employees.
P7lKrBXyphy-00873-00263893-00264137 You got half tuition for your kids no matter
P7lKrBXyphy-00874-00264137-00264298 where they went.
P7lKrBXyphy-00875-00264298-00264550 But I don't think that's gonna happen here.
P7lKrBXyphy-00876-00264550-00264745 What I hope,
P7lKrBXyphy-00877-00264745-00265162 I have a meeting actually later this week about this,
P7lKrBXyphy-00878-00265162-00265483 I really hope that we're going to create
P7lKrBXyphy-00879-00265745-00265996 a system-wide program whereby employees who have
P7lKrBXyphy-00880-00266130-00266608 not finished their bachelor's degrees can finish
P7lKrBXyphy-00881-00266608-00266856 their bachelor's degrees while they work.
P7lKrBXyphy-00882-00267068-00267201 - Back to money and infrastructure.
P7lKrBXyphy-00883-00267201-00267492 Are the seismic costs we need to address part of
P7lKrBXyphy-00884-00267492-00267724 the two billion dollars in deferred maintenance
P7lKrBXyphy-00885-00267724-00267884 or is that in addition? - No, it's in addition.
P7lKrBXyphy-00886-00267884-00268349 The number that Rose keeps quoting as
P7lKrBXyphy-00887-00268349-00268621 our capital need is $13 billion.
P7lKrBXyphy-00888-00268788-00268967 - [Dan] Yikes, that's a big number.
P7lKrBXyphy-00889-00268967-00269080 We can agree. - That is a big number!
P7lKrBXyphy-00890-00269080-00269164 That is a big number.
P7lKrBXyphy-00891-00269164-00269303 Two billion is too.
P7lKrBXyphy-00892-00269303-00269651 - And speaking about budget reminds me of something else.
P7lKrBXyphy-00893-00269651-00269896 For many years, and for people who've been on campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00894-00269896-00270073 for a while, there have been issues
P7lKrBXyphy-00895-00270073-00270504 with the athletics budget and I know that was a priority
P7lKrBXyphy-00896-00270504-00270632 for you and the athletic director.
P7lKrBXyphy-00897-00270632-00270800 Where are we that?
P7lKrBXyphy-00898-00270800-00270916 Is there an agreement?
P7lKrBXyphy-00899-00270916-00271221 Do you feel the program is now been set
P7lKrBXyphy-00900-00271221-00271387 on a financially sustainable course?
P7lKrBXyphy-00901-00271387-00271562 Can you update us? - Yes!
P7lKrBXyphy-00902-00271562-00271751 The athletics budget is balanced,
P7lKrBXyphy-00903-00271751-00271958 in addition to the campus' budget,
P7lKrBXyphy-00904-00271958-00272146 though I want to explain what that means
P7lKrBXyphy-00905-00272146-00272473 because for years, for decades,
P7lKrBXyphy-00906-00272473-00272725 athletics has been running a deficit.
P7lKrBXyphy-00907-00272725-00273225 A deficit in excess of $10 million, extending to $20 million
P7lKrBXyphy-00908-00273396-00273564 in more recent years.
P7lKrBXyphy-00909-00273564-00274027 And every year, the campus would pay that deficit.
P7lKrBXyphy-00910-00274027-00274258 So it wasn't as if it was a deficit like
P7lKrBXyphy-00911-00274258-00274596 if you run a deficit, it cumulates and you ultimately,
P7lKrBXyphy-00912-00274596-00274842 like on your credit card, you ultimately have to pay it
P7lKrBXyphy-00913-00274842-00274944 plus interest.
P7lKrBXyphy-00914-00274944-00275365 This deficit was one that the campus paid for every year.
P7lKrBXyphy-00915-00275365-00275782 So one of the things that I realized was that
P7lKrBXyphy-00916-00275782-00276269 we were actually budgeting athletics at a much larger figure
P7lKrBXyphy-00917-00276269-00276647 than was the putative campus contribution,
P7lKrBXyphy-00918-00276647-00276860 which was five million dollars.
P7lKrBXyphy-00919-00276860-00277008 And I realized that the campus had
P7lKrBXyphy-00920-00277008-00277301 not been being honest with itself,
P7lKrBXyphy-00921-00277301-00277634 that if it wanted an athletic program of the size,
P7lKrBXyphy-00922-00277634-00277955 scope and ambition of our current athletic program,
P7lKrBXyphy-00923-00277955-00278410 it simply cost more in terms of a campus contribution
P7lKrBXyphy-00924-00278410-00278808 to run that program than we were admitting
P7lKrBXyphy-00925-00278808-00278964 to ourselves it cost,
P7lKrBXyphy-00926-00278964-00279213 even though we were in fact budgeting it at that level
P7lKrBXyphy-00927-00279213-00279713 'cause we were paying for the deficit year-by-year.
P7lKrBXyphy-00928-00279714-00280042 So Jim and I had lots and lots of meetings
P7lKrBXyphy-00929-00280042-00280448 and we have agreed on an athletics budget
P7lKrBXyphy-00930-00280448-00280622 with an increasing set...
P7lKrBXyphy-00931-00280622-00281122 A set of increasing both revenue and philanthropic targets.
P7lKrBXyphy-00932-00281164-00281493 Ultimately, in about four or five years,
P7lKrBXyphy-00933-00281493-00281824 we're coming down to a campus contribution
P7lKrBXyphy-00934-00281824-00282324 of $13.3 million a year which, to give you a kind of sense
P7lKrBXyphy-00935-00282423-00282634 of scale in the athletics budget,
P7lKrBXyphy-00936-00282634-00283036 that's about the size of the financial aid for our athletes.
P7lKrBXyphy-00937-00283036-00283223 That's the (mumbles) budget.
P7lKrBXyphy-00938-00283223-00283485 So you can think of us, the campus is paying
P7lKrBXyphy-00939-00283485-00283666 the equivalent of the financial aid
P7lKrBXyphy-00940-00283666-00283813 that we offer our athletes.
P7lKrBXyphy-00941-00283813-00283927 - And just to ask the obvious,
P7lKrBXyphy-00942-00283927-00284189 it feels like these are costs that you believe
P7lKrBXyphy-00943-00284189-00284387 to be commensurate with the benefits that accrue
P7lKrBXyphy-00944-00284387-00284544 to the campus and this community.
P7lKrBXyphy-00945-00284544-00284648 - I do!
P7lKrBXyphy-00946-00284648-00284811 I've been thinking a lot.
P7lKrBXyphy-00947-00284811-00285231 I was not a big athletics fan before I became chancellor
P7lKrBXyphy-00948-00285231-00285543 and the...
P7lKrBXyphy-00949-00285543-00285677 But I've been so moved by...
P7lKrBXyphy-00950-00285677-00286053 There aren't a lot of opportunities in our lives
P7lKrBXyphy-00951-00286053-00286553 to feel part of a group with which you identify
P7lKrBXyphy-00952-00286626-00286945 and games are one of those places where you od,
P7lKrBXyphy-00953-00286945-00287385 and I think it really has an
P7lKrBXyphy-00954-00287385-00287733 important community building virtue.
P7lKrBXyphy-00955-00287733-00287959 The most important thing about athletics is
P7lKrBXyphy-00956-00287959-00288283 the opportunities it gives our students to compete
P7lKrBXyphy-00957-00288283-00288580 at an extraordinarily high level of excellence
P7lKrBXyphy-00958-00288580-00288880 across a broad range of sports,
P7lKrBXyphy-00959-00288880-00289332 and I've become convinced that it really is a front porch
P7lKrBXyphy-00960-00289332-00289740 for many of our donors who don't give,
P7lKrBXyphy-00961-00289740-00290061 certainly, exclusively or even sometimes principally
P7lKrBXyphy-00962-00290061-00290198 to athletics,
P7lKrBXyphy-00963-00290198-00290495 but athletics is the way they come together with the campus
P7lKrBXyphy-00964-00290495-00290790 so it's very important to our philanthropy.
P7lKrBXyphy-00965-00290790-00291018 Not philanthropy to just athletics,
P7lKrBXyphy-00966-00291018-00291236 philanthropy to the campus more generally.
P7lKrBXyphy-00967-00291236-00291425 - So before we started, you suggested I might ask you
P7lKrBXyphy-00968-00291425-00291595 about the big game but I didn't notice
P7lKrBXyphy-00969-00291595-00291892 what color turtleneck you're wearing.
P7lKrBXyphy-00970-00291892-00292265 - This is one of the few days in the year
P7lKrBXyphy-00971-00292265-00292436 when you're allowed to wear red.
P7lKrBXyphy-00972-00292436-00292627 I'm so sad, I love red.
P7lKrBXyphy-00973-00292627-00292782 I have lots of red clothes in my wardrobe,
P7lKrBXyphy-00974-00292782-00293083 I studiously avoid them most of the year.
P7lKrBXyphy-00975-00293083-00293357 But I tell you, there are three times where you can wear red
P7lKrBXyphy-00976-00293357-00293517 just to give you all permission.
P7lKrBXyphy-00977-00293517-00293792 You can wear it at around Christmas time,
P7lKrBXyphy-00978-00293792-00294077 you can wear at Chinese New Years and on Valentine's Day.
P7lKrBXyphy-00979-00294188-00294390 Those are the red exceptions.
P7lKrBXyphy-00980-00294797-00295071 - Okay, I won't ask you about the big game then.
P7lKrBXyphy-00981-00295071-00295237 - No, but the ax is on campus.
P7lKrBXyphy-00982-00295237-00295349 - There you go.
P7lKrBXyphy-00983-00295465-00295600 - I won't say where though!
P7lKrBXyphy-00984-00295940-00296076 - We have time for just a few more,
P7lKrBXyphy-00985-00296076-00296159 we'll try to get to them.
P7lKrBXyphy-00986-00296159-00296369 So this one is, the world seems, quote,
P7lKrBXyphy-00987-00296369-00296568 "STEM crazy" these days,
P7lKrBXyphy-00988-00296568-00296811 what is Berkeley doing to help the liberal arts
P7lKrBXyphy-00989-00296811-00297048 and the humanities survive and thrive.
P7lKrBXyphy-00990-00297048-00297548 - I wanna say that one of Berkeley's great distinctions is
P7lKrBXyphy-00991-00297798-00298259 its strength across the board and its academic programs.
P7lKrBXyphy-00992-00298259-00298510 There is not a s...
P7lKrBXyphy-00993-00298828-00299328 Problem that's important to the future of the state,
P7lKrBXyphy-00994-00299368-00299613 the country and the world,
P7lKrBXyphy-00995-00299613-00299994 in which the humanities and the social sciences are
P7lKrBXyphy-00996-00299994-00300309 not important partners in solving.
P7lKrBXyphy-00997-00300401-00300484 Take CRISPR.
P7lKrBXyphy-00998-00300763-00301263 Obviously, very intensive STEM technology set of discoveries
P7lKrBXyphy-00999-00301664-00301961 but the policies that apply to its use,
P7lKrBXyphy-01000-00301961-00302166 the ethics of its use,
P7lKrBXyphy-01001-00302166-00302571 those are questions for humanists, for philosophers.
P7lKrBXyphy-01002-00302707-00303207 Climate change, obviously STEM-intensive area
P7lKrBXyphy-01003-00303259-00303604 but how you get people to change their behavior.
P7lKrBXyphy-01004-00303604-00303860 How do you get governments to change their behavior?
P7lKrBXyphy-01005-00303860-00304103 What are good public policies?
P7lKrBXyphy-01006-00304103-00304591 Those are really social science kinds of topics
P7lKrBXyphy-01007-00304591-00304816 and humanist topics.
P7lKrBXyphy-01008-00304816-00305316 So I think Berkeley has a competitive edge
P7lKrBXyphy-01009-00305377-00305750 because of the strength of its social sciences
P7lKrBXyphy-01010-00305750-00305872 and humanities.
P7lKrBXyphy-01011-00305957-00306301 The data science initiative,
P7lKrBXyphy-01012-00306301-00306522 which is so important for the campus,
P7lKrBXyphy-01013-00306522-00306787 is as important to the social sciences
P7lKrBXyphy-01014-00306787-00307117 as it is to the STEM disciplines.
P7lKrBXyphy-01015-00307117-00307286 It's also important to the humanities
P7lKrBXyphy-01016-00307286-00307488 but probably not as central as it is to social sciences
P7lKrBXyphy-01017-00307488-00307885 because the humanities don't work as fully with data.
P7lKrBXyphy-01018-00307972-00308214 I have to tell a funny story.
P7lKrBXyphy-01019-00308300-00308587 So there was a wonderful faculty member in English
P7lKrBXyphy-01020-00308587-00308862 when I first arrived here, named Josephine Miles.
P7lKrBXyphy-01021-00308862-00309276 And her research was all about word frequency,
P7lKrBXyphy-01022-00309276-00309574 and she had armies of students who would page
P7lKrBXyphy-01023-00309574-00309794 through books counting words.
P7lKrBXyphy-01024-00309794-00310123 And now that kind of research is actually important kind
P7lKrBXyphy-01025-00310123-00310337 of research in the humanities, word frequency,
P7lKrBXyphy-01026-00310337-00310601 but they don't have students turning pages
P7lKrBXyphy-01027-00310601-00310750 and counting words anymore.
P7lKrBXyphy-01028-00310750-00311024 - So I'm gonna bundle the last couple of questions.
P7lKrBXyphy-01029-00311024-00311206 You may not know it, I think you have a family member
P7lKrBXyphy-01030-00311206-00311361 in the audience 'cause this card says,
P7lKrBXyphy-01031-00311361-00311507 "Why are you so amazing?"
P7lKrBXyphy-01032-00311889-00311983 And "Do you sleep?"
P7lKrBXyphy-01033-00311983-00312236 was the second part. - I do, I do.
P7lKrBXyphy-01034-00312236-00312415 I read a book that changed my life
P7lKrBXyphy-01035-00312415-00312787 and I wanna tell all of you to read it over the holidays.
P7lKrBXyphy-01036-00312787-00313067 It's 'Why We Sleep' by Matthew Walker
P7lKrBXyphy-01037-00313067-00313333 and it talks about how important sleep is.
P7lKrBXyphy-01038-00313333-00313563 I tell students this all the time.
P7lKrBXyphy-01039-00313563-00313728 Sleep eight hours a night
P7lKrBXyphy-01040-00313728-00313841 and you should all do too,
P7lKrBXyphy-01041-00313841-00313963 and I try to.
P7lKrBXyphy-01042-00313963-00314109 - All right, so I'm gonna bundle these together
P7lKrBXyphy-01043-00314109-00314393 but in that, I think you'll get the general thrust here
P7lKrBXyphy-01044-00314393-00314728 and just, if you could sort of riff on the general idea.
P7lKrBXyphy-01045-00314728-00314947 Three separate questions but they really all touch
P7lKrBXyphy-01046-00314947-00315030 on the same thing.
P7lKrBXyphy-01047-00315030-00315223 What has been the most difficult decision you've made
P7lKrBXyphy-01048-00315223-00315374 in 2019?
P7lKrBXyphy-01049-00315374-00315700 What outcome were you most proud of in 2019?
P7lKrBXyphy-01050-00315700-00315817 And then the separate question said,
P7lKrBXyphy-01051-00315817-00316065 you've been in leadership roles for a long time,
P7lKrBXyphy-01052-00316065-00316212 what new lessons have you learned
P7lKrBXyphy-01053-00316212-00316542 about successful leadership in your role as chancellor?
P7lKrBXyphy-01054-00316542-00316844 I think these are all sort of asking just to weigh in,
P7lKrBXyphy-01055-00316844-00316976 to step back for a second.
P7lKrBXyphy-01056-00316976-00317261 It's a hell of a hard, complex job
P7lKrBXyphy-01057-00317261-00317761 and what have your learned and what are the things you feel
P7lKrBXyphy-01058-00317827-00317965 most proud about having tackled
P7lKrBXyphy-01059-00317965-00318258 or maybe most weary about in the future?
P7lKrBXyphy-01060-00318258-00318373 - Oh gosh, that's such a
P7lKrBXyphy-01061-00318373-00318596 huge question. - [Dan] It is.
P7lKrBXyphy-01062-00318596-00319028 - One of the things that I've learned is that you have
P7lKrBXyphy-01063-00319028-00319477 to gather really good team around you
P7lKrBXyphy-01064-00319477-00319928 and make them responsible and accountable for the things
P7lKrBXyphy-01065-00319928-00320011 you care about.
P7lKrBXyphy-01066-00320011-00320511 These jobs are huge and no one person can do it al.
P7lKrBXyphy-01067-00320578-00320961 I've also learned the importance of decisiveness.
P7lKrBXyphy-01068-00320961-00321302 That often the perfect is the enemy of the good
P7lKrBXyphy-01069-00321302-00321701 and making a decision with reasonable promptness
P7lKrBXyphy-01070-00321701-00322152 and efficiency, even if its not the perfect diversion,
P7lKrBXyphy-01071-00322152-00322393 enables you to move forward.
P7lKrBXyphy-01072-00322506-00323006 I think the things that I'm proudest of in...
P7lKrBXyphy-01073-00323011-00323254 This is such a complicated question.
P7lKrBXyphy-01074-00323254-00323715 I, really, so thrilled with some of the philanthropic gifts
P7lKrBXyphy-01075-00323715-00323835 that we've gotten.
P7lKrBXyphy-01076-00323835-00324100 I don't think of those as decisions really,
P7lKrBXyphy-01077-00324100-00324397 but they certainly had been relationships
P7lKrBXyphy-01078-00324397-00324775 that have come to just extraordinary actions
P7lKrBXyphy-01079-00324775-00325201 and those are really wonderful.
P7lKrBXyphy-01080-00325201-00325403 Some of the toughest actions I make are ones I can't discuss
P7lKrBXyphy-01081-00325403-00325597 on this forum because they have to do with personnel issues
P7lKrBXyphy-01082-00325597-00325680 or...
P7lKrBXyphy-01083-00325848-00325963 So those are...
P7lKrBXyphy-01084-00325963-00326331 And there was third question
P7lKrBXyphy-01085-00326331-00326620 and I'm forgetting it. - [Dan] I forget to
P7lKrBXyphy-01086-00326620-00326829 but is it fun being chancellor?
P7lKrBXyphy-01087-00326829-00327110 I mean, do you wake up and say I can't wait to go to work
P7lKrBXyphy-01088-00327110-00327380 or it's like, another day drinking from the fire hose?
P7lKrBXyphy-01089-00327590-00327828 - Every day when I get in my car,
P7lKrBXyphy-01090-00327828-00328046 I say to myself what my father used to say
P7lKrBXyphy-01091-00328046-00328132 when he left for work.
P7lKrBXyphy-01092-00328132-00328290 Another day, another dollar.
P7lKrBXyphy-01093-00328824-00329039 There are things that are enormously...
P7lKrBXyphy-01094-00329152-00329491 There are things that are enormous fun in being chancellor,
P7lKrBXyphy-01095-00329491-00329647 more important to me,
P7lKrBXyphy-01096-00329647-00329901 there are things that enormously gratifying to me.
P7lKrBXyphy-01097-00329901-00330277 When you are talking to someone who is gonna give
P7lKrBXyphy-01098-00330277-00330536 an extraordinary gift of the campus,
P7lKrBXyphy-01099-00330536-00330814 and is so thrilled about this gift
P7lKrBXyphy-01100-00330814-00331049 and what it's gonna accomplish,
P7lKrBXyphy-01101-00331049-00331336 that is an incredible thrill.
P7lKrBXyphy-01102-00331336-00331625 Or when you see something moving forward,
P7lKrBXyphy-01103-00331625-00331851 that you care deeply about,
P7lKrBXyphy-01104-00331851-00332049 that's an enormous thrill.
P7lKrBXyphy-01105-00332049-00332353 I mean, there are certain weekdays when I come home
P7lKrBXyphy-01106-00332353-00332639 and I think, "Ah, why did I (mumbles) to do this job?"
P7lKrBXyphy-01107-00332852-00332982 - Yeah, I know those days.
P7lKrBXyphy-01108-00333084-00333342 So before we wrap up, I have one more card I actually wanted
P7lKrBXyphy-01109-00333342-00333462 to read.
P7lKrBXyphy-01110-00333462-00333827 The next campus conversation is January 21
P7lKrBXyphy-01111-00333827-00334052 and we'll be joined here by our men's
P7lKrBXyphy-01112-00334052-00334290 and women's basketball coaches,
P7lKrBXyphy-01113-00334290-00334491 both of whom aren't new campus and really,
P7lKrBXyphy-01114-00334491-00334614 really interesting people.
P7lKrBXyphy-01115-00334614-00334723 I'm gonna read the last card,
P7lKrBXyphy-01116-00334723-00334808 which isn't an question,
P7lKrBXyphy-01117-00334808-00335064 but I'm gonna go out on a limb 'cause I it may capture
P7lKrBXyphy-01118-00335064-00335259 what a lot of us think and feel.
P7lKrBXyphy-01119-00335259-00335458 It says thank you for this series of talks
P7lKrBXyphy-01120-00335458-00335566 and question and answer.
P7lKrBXyphy-01121-00335566-00335775 I feel like I'm more a part of the campus
P7lKrBXyphy-01122-00335775-00335981 and enjoy getting to know some of the people,
P7lKrBXyphy-01123-00335981-00336152 helping to steer this big ship.
P7lKrBXyphy-01124-00336152-00336340 Thanks to everyone and I also wanna say,
P7lKrBXyphy-01125-00336340-00336570 particularly thanks to Don Duval
P7lKrBXyphy-01126-00336570-00336776 who helps put these together
P7lKrBXyphy-01127-00336776-00336941 and takes care of all of it.
P7lKrBXyphy-01128-00336941-00337257 (audience applauding)
P7lKrBXyphy-01129-00337350-00337687 And I also just wanna thank you, Chancellor Christ,
P7lKrBXyphy-01130-00337687-00337822 once again, for your time and generosity here.
P7lKrBXyphy-01131-00337822-00337905 Thank you. - [Carol] Thank you,
P7lKrBXyphy-01132-00337905-00338080 thank you, thank you.
Ps-cEIU47AI-00000-00001088-00001568 ice in my veins i've been driving this train years in this lane there's no stop in this
Ps-cEIU47AI-00001-00001568-00002144 flame cause i came to the game and i changed it to play how i like rearranged it to my own domain
Ps-cEIU47AI-00002-00002144-00002656 yeah i got what it takes made lots of mistakes taking shots keeping breaks feeling lost feeling
Ps-cEIU47AI-00003-00002656-00003120 great popping off singing straight never stop never changed all the squad here to play and
Ps-cEIU47AI-00004-00003120-00003879 i've got something to say yeah i work hard each and every day i get lost in the words i say i
Ps-cEIU47AI-00005-00003879-00004728 don't push pause no i push play i won't stop till i make a change i withdraw on the things i make i
Ps-cEIU47AI-00006-00004728-00005462 turn flaws into flawless traits i build tall never trapping space i won't stop till i hear him say
Ps-cEIU47AI-00007-00007656-00008208 six am and i'm up again i got tired eyes need a cup of blend that's right
Ps-cEIU47AI-00008-00008208-00008776 in the am that's my only friend no light just the sun coming up on the horizon i lose track
Ps-cEIU47AI-00009-00008776-00009256 of time yeah i move fast and climb a new class divine yeah true passion shines and
Ps-cEIU47AI-00010-00009256-00009776 i'm proof passing time i choose stacking dimes you snooze half the time while i move passing by
Ps-cEIU47AI-00011-00009896-00010632 i work hard each and every day i get lost in the words i say i don't push pause no i push play
Ps-cEIU47AI-00012-00010712-00011304 i won't stop till i make a change i withdraw on the things i make i turn
Ps-cEIU47AI-00013-00011304-00012032 flaws into flawless trains i build tall never drop in space i won't stop till i hear him say
PuKj9XFcIWQ-00000-00000104-00000608 hello my friends welcome to my channel fashion for you
PuKj9XFcIWQ-00001-00000744-00001424 today i wanna explain on the bio view of the plus size model
PuKj9XFcIWQ-00002-00002552-00003192 net worth in billions height five point eight inches tall
PuKj9XFcIWQ-00003-00003336-00004944 wet not real casual black hairs black eyes white skin half size 56 but the plus united states
PuKj9XFcIWQ-00004-00005160-00006096 who creates retail cosmetic videos has also helps her followers
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PuKj9XFcIWQ-00006-00007400-00008584 is a poor trained woman nami is also a proud lesbian woman who aims to inspire her community
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PubcuaXe-G8-00000-00000017-00000408 So the deaths of despair have generally been defined as
PubcuaXe-G8-00001-00000408-00000695 self harm, which includes
PubcuaXe-G8-00002-00000695-00000996 unintentional and intentional drug overdose deaths,
PubcuaXe-G8-00003-00000996-00001268 alcohol related deaths like cirrhosis of the liver,
PubcuaXe-G8-00004-00001268-00001426 and of course suicide.
PubcuaXe-G8-00005-00001426-00001541 I'm Shannon Monnat,
PubcuaXe-G8-00006-00001541-00001782 I'm Lerner Chair of Public Health Promotion
PubcuaXe-G8-00007-00001782-00002032 and associate professor of sociology
PubcuaXe-G8-00008-00002032-00002271 in the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
PubcuaXe-G8-00009-00002271-00002397 at Syracuse University.
PubcuaXe-G8-00010-00002482-00002731 My research is really interested in
PubcuaXe-G8-00011-00002731-00002922 social disparities and health as well as
PubcuaXe-G8-00012-00002922-00003259 geographic variation in a variety of health outcomes.
PubcuaXe-G8-00013-00003259-00003501 Most recently, I've been interested in trying to
PubcuaXe-G8-00014-00003501-00003922 understand the causes and correlates of disparities
PubcuaXe-G8-00015-00003922-00004169 from drug, alcohol, and suicide mortalities
PubcuaXe-G8-00016-00004169-00004413 and related diseases of despair.
PubcuaXe-G8-00017-00004413-00004646 So one of the things that I think distinguishes
PubcuaXe-G8-00018-00004646-00004844 these types of diseases and deaths
PubcuaXe-G8-00019-00004844-00005056 from some other types of mortality,
PubcuaXe-G8-00020-00005056-00005515 for instance heart disease or stroke or cancer,
PubcuaXe-G8-00021-00005515-00005746 are that drug, alcohol, and suicide mortality
PubcuaXe-G8-00022-00005746-00006134 seem to have an underlying link in terms of
PubcuaXe-G8-00023-00006134-00006444 main drivers of them are things like depression
PubcuaXe-G8-00024-00006444-00006720 and anxiety and frustration, and dislocation
PubcuaXe-G8-00025-00006720-00006993 from social institutions which include
PubcuaXe-G8-00026-00006993-00007215 things like not having a job,
PubcuaXe-G8-00027-00007215-00007425 having a lot of family distress,
PubcuaXe-G8-00028-00007425-00007663 and not being connected to social institutions.
PubcuaXe-G8-00029-00007663-00007872 Individual level data on these things
PubcuaXe-G8-00030-00007872-00008094 are really hard to come by, and so often times
PubcuaXe-G8-00031-00008094-00008290 what we have to do is aggregate up
PubcuaXe-G8-00032-00008290-00008452 to larger geographic levels,
PubcuaXe-G8-00033-00008452-00008639 like the county level for instance,
PubcuaXe-G8-00034-00008639-00008814 and when you do that, what you're doing is using
PubcuaXe-G8-00035-00008814-00009057 contextual indicators of things like poverty
PubcuaXe-G8-00036-00009057-00009376 and unemployment to try to predict overall rates
PubcuaXe-G8-00037-00009376-00009550 in these areas.
PubcuaXe-G8-00038-00009550-00009703 And that of course is flawed,
PubcuaXe-G8-00039-00009703-00009944 because we don't have information on the individual
PubcuaXe-G8-00040-00009944-00010259 person who died other than their sex, their race, their age
PubcuaXe-G8-00041-00010259-00010505 so we don't know about their whole life course
PubcuaXe-G8-00042-00010505-00010700 and the extent to which that influenced
PubcuaXe-G8-00043-00010790-00011113 the way in which they died, or influenced their first
PubcuaXe-G8-00044-00011113-00011473 initiation of drug misuse or alcohol misuse,
PubcuaXe-G8-00045-00011473-00011749 or when the mental health problems started to develop.
PubcuaXe-G8-00046-00011749-00012038 One of the things that my research really shows is that
PubcuaXe-G8-00047-00012038-00012268 drug, alcohol, and suicide mortality are
PubcuaXe-G8-00048-00012268-00012521 very geographically dispersed,
PubcuaXe-G8-00049-00012521-00012719 range pretty substantially across the country
PubcuaXe-G8-00050-00012719-00012999 from really low rates to really high rates.
PubcuaXe-G8-00051-00012999-00013334 In general, the most salient predictors of county level
PubcuaXe-G8-00052-00013334-00013675 high rates of drug, alcohol, and suicide mortality
PubcuaXe-G8-00053-00013675-00013913 is not only current economic distress,
PubcuaXe-G8-00054-00013913-00014127 the conditions that are present right now
PubcuaXe-G8-00055-00014127-00014453 like poverty and unemployment and disability,
PubcuaXe-G8-00056-00014453-00014932 but more of a long-term transition into economic distress.
PubcuaXe-G8-00057-00014932-00015162 So places that were once economically stable
PubcuaXe-G8-00058-00015162-00015424 and even prosperous in the 1980s
PubcuaXe-G8-00059-00015424-00015666 because of strong manufacturing, industry,
PubcuaXe-G8-00060-00015666-00015847 because of unionization,
PubcuaXe-G8-00061-00015847-00016079 those are the places that have seen the most significant
PubcuaXe-G8-00062-00016079-00016461 economic decline over the past three decades or so.
PubcuaXe-G8-00063-00016461-00016729 And that decline matters just as much
PubcuaXe-G8-00064-00016729-00017046 as kind of chronic long-term economic distress.
PubcuaXe-G8-00065-00017046-00017376 So at the absolute level, poor economies really matter,
PubcuaXe-G8-00066-00017376-00017551 lack of opportunity really matters,
PubcuaXe-G8-00067-00017551-00017828 but so does change, as sort of a shock
PubcuaXe-G8-00068-00017828-00017959 into that labor market.
PubcuaXe-G8-00069-00017959-00018348 The other thing is that the media often
PubcuaXe-G8-00070-00018348-00018699 used the sentiment that addiction doesn't discriminate.
PubcuaXe-G8-00071-00018699-00019133 And of course that's true, anyone can become addicted,
PubcuaXe-G8-00072-00019133-00019435 but it's also true that drug overdose mortality rates
PubcuaXe-G8-00073-00019435-00019742 are much higher in some geographic areas than others.
PubcuaXe-G8-00074-00019742-00020179 And one of the problems that can arise when we say
PubcuaXe-G8-00075-00020179-00020300 addiction doesn't discriminate,
PubcuaXe-G8-00076-00020300-00020440 is that it assumes that we should just
PubcuaXe-G8-00077-00020440-00020662 distribute resources equally,
PubcuaXe-G8-00078-00020662-00020898 and often times the places that are dealing with it
PubcuaXe-G8-00079-00020898-00021206 the largest consequences get under-cut because of that.
PubcuaXe-G8-00080-00021206-00021524 On election night when the returns were coming in,
PubcuaXe-G8-00081-00021524-00021804 what I noticed from the map is that the places where
PubcuaXe-G8-00082-00021804-00022133 Donald Trump was winning, especially places where
PubcuaXe-G8-00083-00022133-00022556 he wasn't predicted to win, that map looked an awful lot
PubcuaXe-G8-00084-00022556-00022809 like my drug overdose mortality map.
PubcuaXe-G8-00085-00022809-00023216 And so I purchased some data just for Michigan at the time,
PubcuaXe-G8-00086-00023216-00023479 and ran a basic correlation and noticed that
PubcuaXe-G8-00087-00023479-00023717 counties where Trump over-performed the most
PubcuaXe-G8-00088-00023717-00024035 relative to how the previous republican candidate did,
PubcuaXe-G8-00089-00024035-00024215 those places had the highest
PubcuaXe-G8-00090-00024215-00024455 drug, alcohol, and suicide mortality rates.
PubcuaXe-G8-00091-00024455-00024701 And then I purchased the rest of the national data
PubcuaXe-G8-00092-00024701-00025041 and expanded that from there and found that
PubcuaXe-G8-00093-00025041-00025301 he over-performed the most in counties where
PubcuaXe-G8-00094-00025301-00025575 drug, alcohol, and suicide mortality rates were high
PubcuaXe-G8-00095-00025575-00025920 but even more than that, he performed the most
PubcuaXe-G8-00096-00025920-00026232 in places that were distressed upon all kinds of indicators.
PubcuaXe-G8-00097-00026232-00026732 So not just mortality, but also economic distress,
PubcuaXe-G8-00098-00026795-00026995 family distress, places for instance that have
PubcuaXe-G8-00099-00026995-00027342 higher rates of divorce were also more likely
PubcuaXe-G8-00100-00027342-00027566 to be places where Trump over-performed.
PubcuaXe-G8-00101-00027566-00027800 And places that have a less social capital,
PubcuaXe-G8-00102-00027800-00028201 so opportunities for building social relationships,
PubcuaXe-G8-00103-00028201-00028454 organizations that people can be involved in.
PubcuaXe-G8-00104-00028454-00028954 All of these factors were partial explanatory indicators
PubcuaXe-G8-00105-00028984-00029298 of why Trump over-performed in the places that he did.
PubcuaXe-G8-00106-00029298-00029472 I'm from upstate New York,
PubcuaXe-G8-00107-00029472-00029574 when people think of New York,
PubcuaXe-G8-00108-00029574-00029817 they often think of it as a really liberal state.
PubcuaXe-G8-00109-00029817-00030047 But the reality is, when you go north of, say,
PubcuaXe-G8-00110-00030047-00030363 Westchester County, if you get out of the city at all,
PubcuaXe-G8-00111-00030363-00030608 the level of conservative increases
PubcuaXe-G8-00112-00030608-00030718 the further north that you go.
PubcuaXe-G8-00113-00030718-00031062 So, I'm from a rural town, a very conservative town,
PubcuaXe-G8-00114-00031062-00031320 and a lot of people in that town voted for Trump,
PubcuaXe-G8-00115-00031320-00031544 and they were very enthusiastic about it.
PubcuaXe-G8-00116-00031544-00031848 And one of the things that they know is that
PubcuaXe-G8-00117-00031848-00032183 they feel like the Democratic party has really
PubcuaXe-G8-00118-00032300-00032491 helped the poor people the most,
PubcuaXe-G8-00119-00032491-00032863 and kind of forgotten working class folks in small towns
PubcuaXe-G8-00120-00032863-00033050 and these are people who are working,
PubcuaXe-G8-00121-00033050-00033267 they're working in jobs like diners,
PubcuaXe-G8-00122-00033267-00033476 they're mechanics, they're bus drivers,
PubcuaXe-G8-00123-00033476-00033746 some of them are small business owners who have seen
PubcuaXe-G8-00124-00033746-00033960 the profits significantly decline
PubcuaXe-G8-00125-00033960-00034180 because of increased regulation
PubcuaXe-G8-00126-00034180-00034362 that might make sense for corporations
PubcuaXe-G8-00127-00034362-00034517 but doesn't make as much financial sense
PubcuaXe-G8-00128-00034517-00034686 for small businesses.
PubcuaXe-G8-00129-00034686-00034948 What they're seeing is that the best and the brightest
PubcuaXe-G8-00130-00034948-00035130 leave the small town to go off to college
PubcuaXe-G8-00131-00035130-00035325 and never come back, and that leaves
PubcuaXe-G8-00132-00035325-00035629 a larger and larger concentration after multiple generations
PubcuaXe-G8-00133-00035629-00035968 of the people who are least resource and most vulnerable
PubcuaXe-G8-00134-00035968-00036236 and those people tend to not be working,
PubcuaXe-G8-00135-00036236-00036492 and people in my town see this and they get frustrated
PubcuaXe-G8-00136-00036492-00036751 because it's a small town, you know everybody.
PubcuaXe-G8-00137-00036751-00037005 So if there's one grocery store to go to
PubcuaXe-G8-00138-00037005-00037299 and you see somebody using their SNAP benefits
PubcuaXe-G8-00139-00037299-00037614 on food that you can't afford to buy yourself,
PubcuaXe-G8-00140-00037614-00037772 then that is a big frustration
PubcuaXe-G8-00141-00037772-00037926 for people who live in my town.
PubcuaXe-G8-00142-00037926-00038168 They're also increasingly saying that
PubcuaXe-G8-00143-00038168-00038336 young people here don't wanna work.
PubcuaXe-G8-00144-00038336-00038652 That there are jobs available but they can't find
PubcuaXe-G8-00145-00038652-00038804 people to take those jobs.
PubcuaXe-G8-00146-00038804-00039088 And that frustrates people in my hometown
PubcuaXe-G8-00147-00039088-00039177 that are working class,
PubcuaXe-G8-00148-00039177-00039464 and feel like they're just breaking their back
PubcuaXe-G8-00149-00039464-00039779 to make ends meet, and that so many resources
PubcuaXe-G8-00150-00039779-00040207 appear to be going to the low income people in that town.
PubcuaXe-G8-00151-00040207-00040518 They're also seeing increases in drug overdoses,
PubcuaXe-G8-00152-00040518-00040770 and police officers are frustrated because
PubcuaXe-G8-00153-00040770-00040888 they're spending a lot of their time
PubcuaXe-G8-00154-00040888-00041166 having to revive people, and carry Narcan,
PubcuaXe-G8-00155-00041166-00041454 and it limits their ability to
PubcuaXe-G8-00156-00041454-00041697 it limits their ability to call on other problems
PubcuaXe-G8-00157-00041697-00042048 that arise because their time is so taken
PubcuaXe-G8-00158-00042048-00042286 by these drug overdoses and it's a resource that
PubcuaXe-G8-00159-00042286-00042529 isn't available for other kinds of responses.
PubcuaXe-G8-00160-00042529-00042723 So ultimately, people in my town
PubcuaXe-G8-00161-00042723-00043072 express a lot of frustration with political elites,
PubcuaXe-G8-00162-00043072-00043549 with academic elites, they watch different news than I watch
PubcuaXe-G8-00163-00043549-00043833 they read different things than I read,
PubcuaXe-G8-00164-00043833-00044091 and the message that they're getting from the sources
PubcuaXe-G8-00165-00044091-00044339 that they're consuming media from are
PubcuaXe-G8-00166-00044437-00044752 that America is in pretty dire straits,
PubcuaXe-G8-00167-00044752-00044935 things don't look to be going very well
PubcuaXe-G8-00168-00044935-00045069 and it's the Democrats' fault,
PubcuaXe-G8-00169-00045069-00045323 and what we really need is someone to come in here
PubcuaXe-G8-00170-00045323-00045474 and just blow everything up.
PubcuaXe-G8-00171-00045474-00045696 One of the big debates is whether this is really about
PubcuaXe-G8-00172-00045696-00046023 economic distress or racial resentment,
PubcuaXe-G8-00173-00046023-00046335 and I don't think that those are competing explanations.
PubcuaXe-G8-00174-00046335-00046653 So in places that the economy declines,
PubcuaXe-G8-00175-00046653-00046879 those places are really vulnerable and ripe
PubcuaXe-G8-00176-00046879-00047321 to internalizing messages of racial resentment.
PubcuaXe-G8-00177-00047321-00047489 And sociologists have been talking about this
PubcuaXe-G8-00178-00047489-00047692 for a long time, when the economy is going well
PubcuaXe-G8-00179-00047692-00047944 overt expressions of racism decline,
PubcuaXe-G8-00180-00047944-00048099 and when the economy is doing poorly
PubcuaXe-G8-00181-00048099-00048322 and it feels like it's a zero sum game
PubcuaXe-G8-00182-00048322-00048584 and there's a limited number of resources available,
PubcuaXe-G8-00183-00048584-00048846 then racial resentment tends to increase.
PubcuaXe-G8-00184-00048846-00049104 The other issue is that we have to remember that
PubcuaXe-G8-00185-00049104-00049534 Donald Trump lost the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes
PubcuaXe-G8-00186-00049534-00049780 so not only did Hillary Clinton receive more votes
PubcuaXe-G8-00187-00049780-00049985 than Trump, but Trump actually under-performed
PubcuaXe-G8-00188-00049985-00050085 relative to Mitt Romney.
PubcuaXe-G8-00189-00050085-00050439 He received a lower percentage of the vote share in 2016
PubcuaXe-G8-00190-00050439-00050669 compared to what Romney received in 2012.
PubcuaXe-G8-00191-00050859-00051137 But because our system is based on the electoral college
PubcuaXe-G8-00192-00051137-00051538 what that means is that some states matter more
PubcuaXe-G8-00193-00051538-00051767 when it comes to the election outcome.
PubcuaXe-G8-00194-00051767-00051971 And in this particular case,
PubcuaXe-G8-00195-00052150-00052327 Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan
PubcuaXe-G8-00196-00052327-00052522 were the three game changers.
PubcuaXe-G8-00197-00052522-00052941 Trump won those three states by a combined 77,000 votes
PubcuaXe-G8-00198-00052941-00053143 spread across three states.
PubcuaXe-G8-00199-00053143-00053476 If we just break it down to Pennsylvania for instance,
PubcuaXe-G8-00200-00053476-00053776 he won Pennsylvania by 26,000 votes
PubcuaXe-G8-00201-00053776-00054153 and over 60% of his victory share there
PubcuaXe-G8-00202-00054153-00054583 of those 22,000 votes came from one county, Luzerne County.
PubcuaXe-G8-00203-00054583-00054782 Which is the home to Wilkes Barre.
PubcuaXe-G8-00204-00054782-00054937 Now, Wilkes Barre is one of these places
PubcuaXe-G8-00205-00054937-00055259 that has experienced significant economic decline
PubcuaXe-G8-00206-00055259-00055473 over the past 30 years.
PubcuaXe-G8-00207-00055473-00055775 The income there, median household income in Luzerne County
PubcuaXe-G8-00208-00055775-00056053 is now lower than it was in 1980.
PubcuaXe-G8-00209-00056053-00056512 A quarter of prime age men and women are not working,
PubcuaXe-G8-00210-00056512-00056608 they're either unemployed
PubcuaXe-G8-00211-00056608-00056811 or out of the labor force altogether.
PubcuaXe-G8-00212-00056811-00057113 And so when we start actually pin-pointing
PubcuaXe-G8-00213-00057113-00057294 the regions where Trump won,
PubcuaXe-G8-00214-00057294-00057434 where he wasn't predicted to win,
PubcuaXe-G8-00215-00057434-00057741 these are the game changer regions, the swing places,
PubcuaXe-G8-00216-00057741-00057880 those are places that have experienced
PubcuaXe-G8-00217-00057880-00058061 significant economic decline.
PubcuaXe-G8-00218-00058061-00058307 Now that's not to say that other parts of the country
PubcuaXe-G8-00219-00058307-00058529 didn't have large concentrations of
PubcuaXe-G8-00220-00058529-00058872 highly educated and affluent people also voting for Trump,
PubcuaXe-G8-00221-00058872-00059196 but we need to distinguish between whether our question is
PubcuaXe-G8-00222-00059196-00059563 who voted for Trump, versus what was the difference maker
PubcuaXe-G8-00223-00059563-00059772 for Trump winning this election?
PubcuaXe-G8-00224-00059772-00060057 In the primaries, Hillary Clinton won Southern states,
PubcuaXe-G8-00225-00060057-00060359 won Western states, she won the states that
PubcuaXe-G8-00226-00060359-00060576 a Democrat likely would have won
PubcuaXe-G8-00227-00060576-00060766 in the national election anyway.
PubcuaXe-G8-00228-00061008-00061508 Sanders won the primary in states in the industrial Midwest
PubcuaXe-G8-00229-00061545-00061936 that then Trump ended up winning in national election.
PubcuaXe-G8-00230-00061936-00062391 So the question is then, for Democrats going forward,
PubcuaXe-G8-00231-00062490-00062754 is it more important that your candidate win
PubcuaXe-G8-00232-00062754-00063090 the so-called swing states, versus the majority of states?
PubcuaXe-G8-00233-00063090-00063229 Because right now the system is based on
PubcuaXe-G8-00234-00063229-00063408 whoever gets the most delegates.
PubcuaXe-G8-00235-00063408-00063555 But whoever gets the most delegates
PubcuaXe-G8-00236-00063555-00063894 might end up being irrelevant in the national election
PubcuaXe-G8-00237-00063894-00064123 if increasingly our elections come down to
PubcuaXe-G8-00238-00064123-00064227 a handful of states.
PubcuaXe-G8-00239-00064227-00064466 A lot of people in the media, and academics, and the public
PubcuaXe-G8-00240-00064466-00064739 were surprised at the outcome of this last election
PubcuaXe-G8-00241-00064739-00064935 and there have been all kinds of explanations
PubcuaXe-G8-00242-00064935-00065145 of trying to understand why, what happened.
PubcuaXe-G8-00243-00065145-00065333 And underlying a lot of these explanations
PubcuaXe-G8-00244-00065333-00065588 is that this was just an all of a sudden thing,
PubcuaXe-G8-00245-00065588-00065819 that, oh my gosh, our country just changed overnight.
PubcuaXe-G8-00246-00065819-00065994 What the heck went wrong?
PubcuaXe-G8-00247-00065994-00066183 When the reality is that the cues have been there
PubcuaXe-G8-00248-00066183-00066278 for a long time.
PubcuaXe-G8-00249-00066278-00066543 That since the 1980s the overwhelming majority
PubcuaXe-G8-00250-00066543-00066840 of places in this country have not received
PubcuaXe-G8-00251-00066840-00067065 any of the economic gain.
PubcuaXe-G8-00252-00067065-00067339 Increasingly, more and more income and wealth
PubcuaXe-G8-00253-00067339-00067839 are filtering into the hands of very, very smaller groups
PubcuaXe-G8-00254-00067866-00068299 so that we have a massive income and wealth inequality
PubcuaXe-G8-00255-00068299-00068614 problem in this country, and that didn't happen overnight.
PubcuaXe-G8-00256-00068614-00069103 So while we have devalued trade skills, we've devalued
PubcuaXe-G8-00257-00069103-00069471 work in manufacturing, and increased the value
PubcuaXe-G8-00258-00069471-00069721 that we place on technology and finance,
PubcuaXe-G8-00259-00069721-00069957 large swathes of this country have been left behind
PubcuaXe-G8-00260-00069957-00070226 it's been building for the last three decades.
PubcuaXe-G8-00261-00070226-00070424 And it's not just about the economics,
PubcuaXe-G8-00262-00070424-00070626 it's not just about the paycheck.
PubcuaXe-G8-00263-00070626-00070807 We used to be a nation of producers,
PubcuaXe-G8-00264-00070807-00070980 we used to actually make things.
PubcuaXe-G8-00265-00070980-00071237 And now the highest paid jobs are people who
PubcuaXe-G8-00266-00071237-00071522 click a button on a keyboard and move money
PubcuaXe-G8-00267-00071522-00071812 from one balance to another balance.
PubcuaXe-G8-00268-00071812-00072044 And so increasingly, people in the US
PubcuaXe-G8-00269-00072044-00072213 and even internationally, are feeling
PubcuaXe-G8-00270-00072213-00072424 disconnected from their labor.
PubcuaXe-G8-00271-00072424-00072767 They feel like their work is devalued, underappreciated,
PubcuaXe-G8-00272-00072767-00073144 is not meaningful, and that meaning has influence
PubcuaXe-G8-00273-00073144-00073311 for the rest of their lives.
PubcuaXe-G8-00274-00073311-00073588 It affects mental health, physical health,
PubcuaXe-G8-00275-00073588-00073792 it affects family relationships,
PubcuaXe-G8-00276-00073792-00074034 and so all of this decline together,
PubcuaXe-G8-00277-00074034-00074286 this kind of package or basket of decline,
PubcuaXe-G8-00278-00074454-00074686 the chickens are finally coming home to roost on this
PubcuaXe-G8-00279-00074686-00075167 and people are reacting with their voting behavior now.
PubcuaXe-G8-00280-00075167-00075475 I've always been interested in trying to understand
PubcuaXe-G8-00281-00075475-00075665 social and geographic disparities
PubcuaXe-G8-00282-00075665-00075829 in a wide-range of health outcomes.
PubcuaXe-G8-00283-00075829-00076015 And I always said I wasn't necessarily interested
PubcuaXe-G8-00284-00076015-00076284 in what the health outcome was,
PubcuaXe-G8-00285-00076284-00076584 I was just interested in the things that lead to inequality.
PubcuaXe-G8-00286-00076672-00076944 But then when I started to try to understand
PubcuaXe-G8-00287-00076944-00077290 what was going on with substance misuse disparities,
PubcuaXe-G8-00288-00077290-00077594 I started to see these tight connections to
PubcuaXe-G8-00289-00077594-00077813 this sense of enemy and aimlessness
PubcuaXe-G8-00290-00077813-00078059 and anxiety and frustration,
PubcuaXe-G8-00291-00078059-00078224 and that all made sense, given that
PubcuaXe-G8-00292-00078224-00078433 the economy has been declining in these places
PubcuaXe-G8-00293-00078433-00078637 for a long time and so,
PubcuaXe-G8-00294-00078637-00079003 I thought, what are the common binds here?
PubcuaXe-G8-00295-00079003-00079280 And that's what really got me fascinated and interested.
PubcuaXe-G8-00296-00079280-00079633 When you see these problems affecting rural areas
PubcuaXe-G8-00297-00079633-00079913 drugs have always been an issue,
PubcuaXe-G8-00298-00079913-00080318 but heroin kinda came along and is now decimating
PubcuaXe-G8-00299-00080318-00080537 small cities in rural areas that just don't have
PubcuaXe-G8-00300-00080537-00080691 the resources to combat it.
PubcuaXe-G8-00301-00080809-00081066 And I think I just wanted to try to understand
PubcuaXe-G8-00302-00081066-00081191 why this is happening.
PubcuaXe-G8-00303-00081191-00081543 So the majority of resources thus far
PubcuaXe-G8-00304-00081543-00081946 have gone into trying to increase access to treatment
PubcuaXe-G8-00305-00081946-00082285 and Naloxone, Narcan brand name which is the
PubcuaXe-G8-00306-00082285-00082508 antidote to an opioid overdose.
PubcuaXe-G8-00307-00082677-00082880 A tremendous amount of resources have been spent
PubcuaXe-G8-00308-00082880-00082963 on these things.
PubcuaXe-G8-00309-00082963-00083133 And certainly, treatment is important
PubcuaXe-G8-00310-00083133-00083399 and increasing access to Narcan is important but
PubcuaXe-G8-00311-00083399-00083607 we're not going to Narcan our way out of this,
PubcuaXe-G8-00312-00083607-00083792 because the problem is bigger than opioids,
PubcuaXe-G8-00313-00083792-00083960 it's bigger than drugs,
PubcuaXe-G8-00314-00083960-00084257 the problem is a result of long-term economic decline
PubcuaXe-G8-00315-00084257-00084421 and social decline.
PubcuaXe-G8-00316-00084421-00084662 Our relationships have disappeared.
PubcuaXe-G8-00317-00084662-00085015 We have traded space and houses,
PubcuaXe-G8-00318-00085015-00085177 which have continued to get bigger,
PubcuaXe-G8-00319-00085177-00085516 for friendship, which has continued to decline.
PubcuaXe-G8-00320-00085516-00085971 We've given up connection for stuff in the United States
PubcuaXe-G8-00321-00085971-00086116 and so what that means is that
PubcuaXe-G8-00322-00086116-00086317 in order to solve the opioid problem
PubcuaXe-G8-00323-00086317-00086500 and all the connected problems with is
PubcuaXe-G8-00324-00086500-00086758 we really have to get down to
PubcuaXe-G8-00325-00086758-00087038 the core foundation of those problems
PubcuaXe-G8-00326-00087038-00087224 and that has to do with people feeling like
PubcuaXe-G8-00327-00087224-00087332 there is no meaning in their life,
PubcuaXe-G8-00328-00087332-00087617 and that things are worse off than they were in the past.
Pucfay05wPY-00001-00005994-00008177 "8 Rising VC Stars" by Fortune Magazine for his investments in business and consumer technology
Pucfay05wPY-00002-00008177-00008277 companies.
Pucfay05wPY-00003-00008277-00010606 Before becoming a full-time investor, Mike was an entrepreneur and operating executive
Pucfay05wPY-00004-00010606-00011784 who worked in a variety of senior management roles in high-growth companies.
Pucfay05wPY-00005-00011784-00013390 His background spans a variety of markets including consumer technology, small business,
Pucfay05wPY-00006-00013390-00014972 and the enterprise, and  he has led various functions in product development,
Pucfay05wPY-00007-00014972-00015413 marketing, business development, and corporate strategy.
Pucfay05wPY-00008-00015413-00017483 Mike began his technology career in high school, when he started a software company that developed
Pucfay05wPY-00010-00021590-00023806 the  original IBM PC.
Pucfay05wPY-00011-00023806-00024445 He has been passionate about the technology industry ever since.
Pucfay05wPY-00012-00024445-00026113 Mike co-founded Motive, Inc.,  the world's leading broadband software company
Pucfay05wPY-00013-00026113-00028135 in 1997, and played key roles in its growth from raw start-up through sales of more than
Pucfay05wPY-00014-00028135-00028685 $75 million.
Pucfay05wPY-00018-00040731-00043099 At Motive, Mike was General Manager of Motive's Corporate Business Unit, as well as Chief
Pucfay05wPY-00021-00050300-00051544 where he managed the company's product portfolio from its early-stage development through its
Pucfay05wPY-00024-00068172-00069812 development 
Pucfay05wPY-00026-00076708-00078933 In his spare time  Mike is an amateur artist, movie-maker, and
Pucfay05wPY-00027-00078933-00079615 calligrapher.
Pucfay05wPY-00028-00079615-00080420 He holds an Engineering degree from Stanford University, an MBA from Harvard Business School,
Pucfay05wPY-00030-00085533-00087622 Harvard Business School, Stanford University, Princeton University, and the University of
Pucfay05wPY-00031-00087622-00087950 Texas.
PynebrM2M5k-00000-00001000-00001304 Hello everyone. This evening, I would like to talk
PynebrM2M5k-00001-00001360-00001688 about how much we miss through not knowing how to look.
PynebrM2M5k-00002-00001768-00001972 We miss very interesting things,
PynebrM2M5k-00003-00002023-00002312 we also miss people who walk by,
PynebrM2M5k-00004-00002328-00002456 we ignore them,
PynebrM2M5k-00005-00002488-00002772 if we took notice, we'd discover how amazing they are.
PynebrM2M5k-00006-00002804-00002956 We miss opportunities;
PynebrM2M5k-00007-00003028-00003284 because we don't know how to look. Why?
PynebrM2M5k-00008-00003300-00003604 Our actions are based on beliefs that aren't always true.
PynebrM2M5k-00009-00003620-00003876 Like: "four eyes see more than two."
PynebrM2M5k-00010-00003915-00004132 Which isn't so. Not always, at least.
PynebrM2M5k-00011-00004156-00004336 It isn't, how many eyes,
PynebrM2M5k-00012-00004352-00004500 but how they're used.
PynebrM2M5k-00013-00004516-00004748 To demonstrate, the world's most famous painting:
PynebrM2M5k-00014-00004772-00004884 the <i>Mona Lisa</i>.
PynebrM2M5k-00015-00004900-00005020 Why this painting?
PynebrM2M5k-00016-00005044-00005368 Because it's the most viewed work of art
PynebrM2M5k-00017-00005384-00005768 yet it isn't seen as it really is,
PynebrM2M5k-00018-00005800-00006156 as the author would have liked, Leonardo Da Vinci.
PynebrM2M5k-00019-00006172-00006364 In the Louvre, hundreds of people
PynebrM2M5k-00020-00006384-00006636 crowd in every day to stand before the painting.
PynebrM2M5k-00021-00006695-00007095 Curious, given that the model is hardly renowned for her beauty.
PynebrM2M5k-00022-00007164-00007408 There are however, close to the painting,
PynebrM2M5k-00023-00007431-00007744 in halls nearby, other paintings by Da Vinci
PynebrM2M5k-00024-00007759-00007936 which are beautiful, divine,
PynebrM2M5k-00025-00007952-00008088 which rarely have
PynebrM2M5k-00026-00008104-00008340 more than four or five people admiring them.
PynebrM2M5k-00027-00008368-00008764 Why then, do people pile up before the <i>Mona Lisa</i>?
PynebrM2M5k-00028-00008816-00009112 Why? Because they can sense it's different.
PynebrM2M5k-00029-00009188-00009336 They feel it's special.
PynebrM2M5k-00030-00009360-00009696 They want to discover why they are so attracted towards it.
PynebrM2M5k-00031-00009736-00009864 But they fail.
PynebrM2M5k-00032-00009880-00010188 Do you know why? They don't know how to look at it.
PynebrM2M5k-00033-00010308-00010496 Seeing isn't merely looking:
PynebrM2M5k-00034-00010528-00010780 using the sense of sight isn't enough.
PynebrM2M5k-00035-00010808-00011096 The sense of curiosity needs to take a role as well.
PynebrM2M5k-00036-00011116-00011296 Observing as children observe.
PynebrM2M5k-00037-00011316-00011516 Being amazed at day-to-day things.
PynebrM2M5k-00038-00011532-00011724 Finding simple things marvellous.
PynebrM2M5k-00039-00011740-00012024 Searching with eagerness, being eager to discover.
PynebrM2M5k-00040-00012056-00012380 Leonardo is the master of curiosity.
PynebrM2M5k-00041-00012408-00012640 Without curiosity, life is flat.
PynebrM2M5k-00042-00012664-00012896 Flat like the surface of a painting.
PynebrM2M5k-00043-00012912-00013300 That very barrier that Leonardo wished to overcome with his painting.
PynebrM2M5k-00044-00013347-00013540 What Leonardo really wanted to acheive
PynebrM2M5k-00045-00013556-00013944 was an image, a painting, which could be seen in relief.
PynebrM2M5k-00046-00014019-00014216 As stated in his manuscripts
PynebrM2M5k-00047-00014232-00014460 what he is looking for is the same effect
PynebrM2M5k-00048-00014476-00014828 as when we look in a mirror, that effect of depth.
PynebrM2M5k-00049-00014844-00015219 But, did he really acheive his aim with the <i>Mona Lisa</i>?
PynebrM2M5k-00050-00015236-00015504 What he did, was study the workings of the human eye.
PynebrM2M5k-00051-00015519-00015691 He discovered interesting things;
PynebrM2M5k-00052-00015716-00016119 such as, what we see is the sum of what both eyes see.
PynebrM2M5k-00053-00016168-00016576 In addition, they tell us whether what we see is flat or has volume.
PynebrM2M5k-00054-00016600-00016732 But above all:
PynebrM2M5k-00055-00016748-00016988 the image is produced in the brain.
PynebrM2M5k-00056-00017004-00017156 In conclusion, he thought:
PynebrM2M5k-00057-00017184-00017460 "if I want my pictures to be seen in relief,
PynebrM2M5k-00058-00017476-00017700 I will have to trick the brain."
PynebrM2M5k-00059-00017716-00018016 What method does Leonardo propose in his manuscripts?
PynebrM2M5k-00060-00018036-00018456 Firstly, prepare the painting in such a way, with tricks,
PynebrM2M5k-00061-00018472-00018792 the tricks he developed during his career as a painter.
PynebrM2M5k-00062-00018860-00019156 And then, prepare the viewer for viewing
PynebrM2M5k-00063-00019172-00019380 telling them what they have to do.
PynebrM2M5k-00064-00019400-00019648 Which is, look with only one eye.
PynebrM2M5k-00065-00019700-00020152 All this was written in his manuscripts
PynebrM2M5k-00066-00020168-00020528 collated by his last disciple: Francesco Melzi, fortunately,
PynebrM2M5k-00067-00020544-00020868 in what we know today as <i>Treatise on Painting</i>.
PynebrM2M5k-00068-00020888-00021184 But Leonardo was afraid we might not read it,
PynebrM2M5k-00069-00021200-00021456 so he left clues in the painting itself.
PynebrM2M5k-00070-00021512-00021784 Two letters are in the lady's eyes:
PynebrM2M5k-00071-00021804-00022000 a letter <i>L </i>and a letter <i>S</i>.
PynebrM2M5k-00072-00022016-00022440 It's no mysterious or esoteric message.
PynebrM2M5k-00073-00022456-00022784 They are the initials of the Italian expression <i>lasciare sinistro</i>:
PynebrM2M5k-00074-00022804-00023048 take to the left, to the left eye,
PynebrM2M5k-00075-00023068-00023196 look with the left eye.
PynebrM2M5k-00076-00023212-00023348 And a third clue:
PynebrM2M5k-00077-00023364-00023524 under the arch of the bridge.
PynebrM2M5k-00078-00023540-00023640 Number "72."
PynebrM2M5k-00079-00023656-00023928 This is no mysterious number either.
PynebrM2M5k-00080-00023944-00024280 It's an indication of the ideal distance at which to stand
PynebrM2M5k-00081-00024312-00024528 to enjoy this relief effect.
PynebrM2M5k-00082-00024560-00024772 What would you have done if you had found
PynebrM2M5k-00083-00024788-00025052 these instructions remaining unknown for 500 years?
PynebrM2M5k-00084-00025068-00025176 The same as me:
PynebrM2M5k-00085-00025192-00025516 catch a plane, go to the Louvre, stand before the <i>Mona Lisa</i>
PynebrM2M5k-00086-00025548-00025772 and check to see if it was true.
PynebrM2M5k-00087-00025827-00025952 That's what I did;
PynebrM2M5k-00088-00025968-00026148 I covered my right eye and soon
PynebrM2M5k-00089-00026164-00026327 the changes came into effect.
PynebrM2M5k-00090-00026368-00026792 The black outlines of the figure become much more intense,
PynebrM2M5k-00091-00026836-00027124 the lady's face and bust become raised,
PynebrM2M5k-00092-00027144-00027456 her smile becomes alive, it's as though she's smiling at us
PynebrM2M5k-00093-00027472-00027744 and most surprising of all, what Leonardo was looking for:
PynebrM2M5k-00094-00027764-00028080 the lady seems to come away from the canvas
PynebrM2M5k-00095-00028095-00028376 producing that effect of depth and relief
PynebrM2M5k-00096-00028392-00028539 he so desperately wanted.
PynebrM2M5k-00097-00028564-00028672 It's a shame...
PynebrM2M5k-00098-00028688-00028968 that thousands of people who visit the <i>Mona Lisa</i>
PynebrM2M5k-00099-00028983-00029164 can't enjoy such amazing effects.
PynebrM2M5k-00100-00029188-00029324 Through ignorance.
PynebrM2M5k-00101-00029344-00029572 They haven't looked as a child would have,
PynebrM2M5k-00102-00029588-00029912 asking: "How did you paint it, Leonardo?"
PynebrM2M5k-00103-00029932-00030139 They would have found the answers
PynebrM2M5k-00104-00030156-00030304 in his <i>Treatise on Painting</i>.
PynebrM2M5k-00105-00030324-00030627 From now on, I hope you enjoy that effect,
PynebrM2M5k-00106-00030648-00030760 seeing differently,
PynebrM2M5k-00107-00030776-00031072 and above all else, that you see life in relief.
PynebrM2M5k-00108-00031088-00031336 Thank you for your attention.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00000-00000634-00001004 Letters are somehow like friends.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00001-00001004-00001254 They're—each one has a personality.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00002-00001254-00001575 If you have one person all alone,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00003-00001575-00001835 or one person talking to another person,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00004-00001835-00002145 it's a different relationship.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00005-00002145-00002369 And, of course, that fascinated me.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00006-00002669-00002983 Typography as I went on with design
P_K7x7Y77P8-00007-00002983-00003246 became more and more important to me.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00008-00003246-00003536 The Z was hard, the V was hard.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00009-00003536-00003863 The Q—that was easy.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00010-00003863-00004457 The prints in front of me are from an alphabet I designed called Euclid.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00011-00004457-00004771 The reason it's called Euclid
P_K7x7Y77P8-00012-00004771-00005125 was when Alvin had his print shop
P_K7x7Y77P8-00013-00005125-00005418 in the late 30s and early 40s,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00014-00005418-00005932 he worked with geometric forms from the type case.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00015-00005932-00006176 I kept looking at that word and saying
P_K7x7Y77P8-00016-00006176-00006516 I can do a whole alphabet based on that.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00017-00006516-00006930 I certainly never thought about being an artist,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00018-00006930-00007444 because in my generation, and in my parents',
P_K7x7Y77P8-00019-00007444-00007897 the milieu they came from, I was going to be a nice Jewish art teacher.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00020-00007897-00008335 The thing about not being a famous artist, you can do whatever you want.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00021-00008622-00009012 The little money I could make by painting
P_K7x7Y77P8-00022-00009012-00009399 for friends on blouses or on walls
P_K7x7Y77P8-00023-00009399-00009606 wasn't very much.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00024-00009606-00009936 So my mother said to me well, there's this new museum opening
P_K7x7Y77P8-00025-00009936-00010443 in Beverly Hills, why don't you go offer your services for the summer?
P_K7x7Y77P8-00026-00010443-00010657 And that's what I did.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00027-00010657-00011054 It was called The Institute of Modern Art.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00028-00011054-00011378 The first opening, I was asked to help
P_K7x7Y77P8-00029-00011378-00011634 at the punch table.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00030-00011634-00012015 At the punch table, two men came up to me.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00031-00012015-00012299 One was Alvin Lustig.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00032-00012299-00012656 He came up to me and said, "It's very hot in here."
P_K7x7Y77P8-00033-00012656-00012956 And I said, "It must be the lights."
P_K7x7Y77P8-00034-00012956-00013186 That was the end of our conversation.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00035-00013186-00013483 Another man came up to me
P_K7x7Y77P8-00036-00013483-00013870 very suave, handsome, Hungarian
P_K7x7Y77P8-00037-00013870-00014244 who was a painter and worked for Disney.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00038-00014244-00014588 And he got my number and called me up.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00039-00014588-00014998 And the first place he took me was a party.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00040-00014998-00015231 And there was Alvin Lustig.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00041-00015231-00015719 And from that moment on, Alvin Lustig never let me alone.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00042-00015719-00015996 He called every day.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00043-00016263-00016519 He had a few students working for him.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00044-00016519-00016950 And the first year we were married, I had committed myself
P_K7x7Y77P8-00045-00016950-00017240 to teaching in a junior high school, which I did.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00046-00017240-00017447 Which I hated!
P_K7x7Y77P8-00047-00017447-00017841 Because I would leave this interesting office every day
P_K7x7Y77P8-00048-00017841-00018161 because we lived and worked in these three rooms.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00049-00018161-00018471 But I wasn't a designer, so I couldn't say to Alvin
P_K7x7Y77P8-00050-00018471-00018755 well, you can use me.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00051-00018755-00019219 But I decided after that first year that I couldn't go on teaching.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00052-00019219-00019509 So I ended up
P_K7x7Y77P8-00053-00019509-00019879 hanging around the office doing odd little jobs
P_K7x7Y77P8-00054-00019879-00020430 typing  Alvin's letters, but absorbing
P_K7x7Y77P8-00055-00020430-00020630 everything that was going on.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00056-00020630-00021004 That's where I got my training—I got it by observing.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00057-00021004-00021504 Finally Alvin did permit me to do paste-ups.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00058-00021504-00021918 Which I was a disaster with at the beginning.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00059-00022242-00022666 The ruling pen, which most people don't know what it is anymore
P_K7x7Y77P8-00060-00022666-00023146 is one of my favorite tools.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00061-00023146-00023586 There is a kind of intimacy when you draw a line in ink.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00062-00023586-00023813 Here are lots of them.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00063-00023813-00024394 Because when I heard someone say they were going to stop making them,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00064-00024394-00024884 I got hysterical and went out and bought as many as I could.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00065-00024884-00025221 That would give you a very wide line.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00066-00025221-00025512 But you can do really
P_K7x7Y77P8-00067-00025949-00026359 very, very thin lines.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00068-00026359-00026720 When you first start to use this,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00069-00026720-00027073 you make the biggest mess in the world.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00070-00027073-00027344 It took me a long time.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00071-00027851-00028281 Alvin finally died in '56 from all the complications.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00072-00028281-00028608 At that point I wasn't quite sure what I was going to do.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00073-00028608-00028915 I mean, I knew I wanted to continue design,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00074-00028915-00029396 and luckily two people called me on the phone—
P_K7x7Y77P8-00075-00029396-00029896 Philip Johnson and Arthur Cohen
P_K7x7Y77P8-00076-00029896-00030277 and said we're waiting for the designs,
P_K7x7Y77P8-00077-00030277-00030614 never asking me what I wanted to do—
P_K7x7Y77P8-00078-00030614-00030864 just presuming I was going to do this.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00079-00030864-00031438 And I just did it. I mean, I just said you know enough, you have enough experience.
P_K7x7Y77P8-00080-00031438-00031664 You can do it, and so that's what I did.
PDhL1acftNQ-00000-00000950-00001101 In this task, we will quickly
PDhL1acftNQ-00001-00001101-00001420 get familiar with the data that we will use to conduct an accuracy
PDhL1acftNQ-00002-00001420-00001497 assessment.
PDhL1acftNQ-00003-00001497-00001843 Let's open GRASS 6.4.4
PDhL1acftNQ-00004-00001843-00002161 and set our GIS data directory
PDhL1acftNQ-00005-00002161-00002513 to our lab directory/GRASdata.
PDhL1acftNQ-00006-00002513-00002863 There we go
PDhL1acftNQ-00007-00002863-00003396 We're gonna open the user one mapset
PDhL1acftNQ-00008-00003396-00003740 so I'm going to select it here and click Start GRASS.
PDhL1acftNQ-00009-00003740-00004293 Okay so
PDhL1acftNQ-00010-00004293-00004630 now that we're inside the
PDhL1acftNQ-00011-00004630-00005005 mapset, we want to open up
PDhL1acftNQ-00012-00005005-00005337 the workspace
PDhL1acftNQ-00013-00005337-00005779 that I saved previously. So I'm going to click File, workspace,
PDhL1acftNQ-00014-00005779-00006212 open and once again I'm going to go to the
PDhL1acftNQ-00015-00006212-00006603 lab directory here under the grass data
PDhL1acftNQ-00016-00006603-00006920 there's a lab 7 workspace. gxw file,
PDhL1acftNQ-00017-00006920-00007308 I'll select that and click open.
PDhL1acftNQ-00018-00007308-00007789 GRASS workspace is a file that stores a loaded map layers and display options
PDhL1acftNQ-00019-00007789-00008242 A GRASS GIS workspace has been created for you that contains a small subset
PDhL1acftNQ-00020-00008242-00008346 of the landsat
PDhL1acftNQ-00021-00008346-00008658 TM image displayed as an RGB
PDhL1acftNQ-00022-00008658-00009165 using bands 4, 5 and 3 respectively, as well as a classified image
PDhL1acftNQ-00023-00009165-00009502 which is ML Class and a reclassified image
PDhL1acftNQ-00024-00009502-00010211 which is reclass ML. The reclass ML contains 5 land cover types:
PDhL1acftNQ-00025-00010211-00010590 agriculture, water, grassland,
PDhL1acftNQ-00026-00010590-00011009 forest and urban. I'm going to right click on reclass_ml
PDhL1acftNQ-00027-00011009-00011655 and choose histogram.
PDhL1acftNQ-00028-00011655-00012006 This will open the histogramming tool which is d.histogram,
PDhL1acftNQ-00029-00012006-00012463 displaying how many instances  of each cell value are contained in
PDhL1acftNQ-00030-00012463-00012555 the raster map.
PDhL1acftNQ-00031-00012555-00012931 The value of each
PDhL1acftNQ-00032-00012931-00013294 bar in the
PDhL1acftNQ-00033-00013294-00013828 histogram contains a unique land cover  value that corresponds to the individual
PDhL1acftNQ-00034-00013828-00014005 land cover information classes.
PDhL1acftNQ-00035-00014005-00014397 The ml class file represents a typical output for maximum likelihood
PDhL1acftNQ-00036-00014397-00014560 image classification,
PDhL1acftNQ-00037-00014560-00015110 so I.maxlike tool, where every spectral class is categorized in the output.
PDhL1acftNQ-00038-00015110-00015391 The reclass ml file is the re-coded
PDhL1acftNQ-00039-00015391-00015807 version of the ML Class for the spectral classes that have been recoded into the
PDhL1acftNQ-00040-00015807-00016016 five information classes shown above.
PDhL1acftNQ-00041-00016016-00016471 Reclass ml is the image that will be used in the accuracy assessment.
PDhL1acftNQ-00042-00016471-00016822 In addition to
PDhL1acftNQ-00043-00016822-00017130 the images two raster maps are provided:
PDhL1acftNQ-00044-00017130-00017665 the spectral sigs raster map represents the sites that were used to
PDhL1acftNQ-00045-00017665-00018017 generate the training sites that were used to produce then ml class.
PDhL1acftNQ-00046-00018017-00018583 The aa site's raster is the accuracy assessment areas and will be used in the
PDhL1acftNQ-00047-00018583-00018709 accuracy assessment.
PDhL1acftNQ-00048-00018709-00019017 So let's take a few moments to view the histograms
PDhL1acftNQ-00049-00019017-00019378 for each raster map. I'm going to look at the
PDhL1acftNQ-00050-00019378-00020231 aa sites raster histogram
PDhL1acftNQ-00051-00020231-00020554 and the, let's see here,
PDhL1acftNQ-00052-00020554-00021620 raster reclass histogram
PDhL1acftNQ-00053-00021620-00022393 and the ML Class histogram and then lastly the
PDhL1acftNQ-00054-00022393-00022701 spectral sigs raster histogram
PDhL1acftNQ-00055-00022701-00023034 and so as you look through
PDhL1acftNQ-00056-00023034-00023423 these, make sure you understand the relationship between the raster maps and
PDhL1acftNQ-00057-00023423-00023532 how the reclassified
PDhL1acftNQ-00058-00023532-00023994 raster maps relate to the original classification output. Consider the number of
PDhL1acftNQ-00059-00023994-00024376 training cells per class versus the number of classified cells per class.
PIURc9sd1u8-00000-00000092-00000676 I'm calling you regarding your studio located rue de Caulaincourt
PIURc9sd1u8-00001-00000735-00001016 I'm very interested..
PIURc9sd1u8-00002-00001019-00001120 Yes. You are?
PIURc9sd1u8-00003-00001142-00001280 Karim Camara
PIURc9sd1u8-00004-00001590-00001907 I’m sorry,  we've been cut off…
PIURc9sd1u8-00005-00001911-00002120 No. I hung up.
PL4CLnxnMSA-00000-00000549-00000905 My mother says to me, “Yasmine, can you please talk to the bank lady
PL4CLnxnMSA-00001-00000905-00001039 on the phone for me?”
PL4CLnxnMSA-00002-00001039-00001198 I always do, but never understand why
PL4CLnxnMSA-00003-00001198-00001527 she asks because to my ears, her English is perfect.
PL4CLnxnMSA-00004-00001527-00001730 She cuts through any silence like a knife.
PL4CLnxnMSA-00005-00001730-00001939 She’s sharp, but they call her dull.
PL4CLnxnMSA-00006-00001939-00002039 I’m
PL4CLnxnMSA-00007-00002039-00002252 one whole of two halves and when he and I speak, they listen, but
PL4CLnxnMSA-00008-00002252-00002425 when she speaks, they turn away.
PL4CLnxnMSA-00009-00002425-00002614 And I know her blood, that it
PL4CLnxnMSA-00010-00002614-00002940 runs through mine and that it’s thousands and thousands of years of
PL4CLnxnMSA-00011-00002940-00003378 ancestry and tradition and war and family and famine and
PL4CLnxnMSA-00012-00003378-00003729 survival, diluted down to an accent they call funny.
PLTnRg7qIs8-00000-00000000-00000200 PRIMA RASA - Chicken Grilled & Sea Food
PLTnRg7qIs8-00001-00000200-00000400 Indonesian food
PLTnRg7qIs8-00002-00000400-00000600 Asian food
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00000-00000658-00000994 Hi. Phantom 2 is a little bit outdated design
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00001-00000994-00001194 Unfortunately, his battery prices, even substitutes
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00002-00001194-00001544 didn't "get outdated" so we'll try to answer the question
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00003-00001544-00002068 how to replace stock battery...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00004-00002068-00002344 ...with any battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00005-00002450-00002684 Most of the information gathered here
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00006-00002684-00003190 comes form thread started by user DBS on phantompilots forum,
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00007-00003190-00003556 link to that thread can be found in the description.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00008-00003686-00003924 Before we start, here comes some obligatory warnings
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00009-00004000-00004404 This video describes modification of the Lithium-polymer battery.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00010-00004500-00004868 Improper handling of these batteries may cause violent ignition
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00011-00004868-00005302 resulting in serious property damage, personal injury or even death.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00012-00005396-00006046 Any action based on this video, is taken at your own risk and responsibility.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00013-00006248-00006514 Now that we know the threat, we can get to work.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00014-00006514-00006738 We'll need:
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00015-00006798-00007109 Worn-out intelligent Phantom 2 battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00016-00007209-00007681 Electronics must be intact. Without it, Phantom 2 won't talk with new battery.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00017-00008014-00008242 We'll also need a replacement.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00018-00008242-00008544 I got Multistar 5200mAh battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00019-00008544-00008964 because it's dimensions and capacity are nearly the same as original.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00020-00009198-00009580 Another thing we'll need is balancer socket
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00021-00009580-00009820 Here, in the form of the extension cord
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00022-00009820-00010020 Because I didn't have anything else
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00023-00010044-00010258 And for those who want to replace main connector...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00024-00010360-00010584 ...spare main connector.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00025-00010608-00011300 I took XT60 because I have it on most of my batteries
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00026-00011878-00012342 First, we need to disassemble old battery pack to salvage electronics
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00027-00012584-00013180 To do this, we must first remove front cover
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00028-00013272-00013622 It is held in place by 8 latches located at the perimeter of the cover
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00029-00013622-00014084 Two on each side of the battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00030-00014569-00014791 They can be lifted up or destroyed
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00031-00014791-00014956 choice is Yours
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00032-00015090-00015612 Also, we need to lift up main lathes that originally hold battery inside Phantom's body
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00033-00015612-00015952 I do not recommend destroying these as they may come in handy later
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00034-00016097-00016714 In some cases, front cover may not come off easily
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00035-00016714-00017244 because in some batteries it is glued to the body
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00036-00017248-00017706 ...as You can judge from those marks
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00037-00018132-00019168 Now, with front cover removed, we must cut the pack in half.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00038-00019192-00019720 Very carefully, I must add, because pierced pack
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00039-00019720-00020310 may turn into incendiary grenade, as You were warned at the beginning of this video
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00040-00020656-00021630 After carefully cutting it open, we'll see this...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00041-00022694-00023090 Here we got cells
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00042-00023248-00023484 and two PCB's
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00043-00023786-00024450 Lower PCB is a simple distribution board connecting cells together
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00044-00024518-00024890 It also supports main battery connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00045-00025018-00025912 ...and data port used for communication between battery's intelligence and Phantom.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00046-00026148-00027200 Upper PCB contains all that "smartness" which controls battery's charging and discharging processes.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00047-00027377-00027670 As You can see, there's nothing too complicated
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00048-00027756-00028194 This dangling wire serves as temperature sensor
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00049-00028194-00028627 which sometimes plays tricks on inexperienced pilots
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00050-00028627-00029210 when they try to charge battery immediately after flight, when battery is still warm
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00051-00029210-00029550 and battery refuses to charge
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00052-00029727-00030164 Here we can see main leads
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00053-00030392-00030816 ..and 6 wire flat cable
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00054-00031030-00031732 Mysterious 6 wire flat cable is nothing more than balancer port
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00055-00031732-00032156 plus 2 wires for communication
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00056-00032156-00032430 between battery and Phantom
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00057-00032544-00033102 They connect directly to the data port
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00058-00033388-00033732 Consecutively...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00059-00033826-00034102 First four wires
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00060-00034102-00034300 counting from the main connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00061-00034382-00034582 serve as balancer port
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00062-00034582-00034876 First is the positive,
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00063-00034986-00035252 next is junction between first and second cell group,
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00064-00035252-00035452 junction between second and third cell group,
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00065-00035452-00035700 and the negative.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00066-00035700-00036044 Last two wires, as mentioned before, are for the communication.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00067-00036044-00036620 Outermost wire goes to...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00068-00036620-00037200 the outermost field of the data port.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00069-00038218-00038680 And that's actually all we need to know
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00070-00038680-00039208 to rewire this PCB
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00071-00039208-00039660 to standard battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00072-00039930-00040364 It all depends on what do You want to do with Your machine
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00073-00040364-00041260 You can follow the thread linked below and install this PCB inside Your Phantom
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00074-00041260-00042016 connecting data wires permanently with Phantom's electronics
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00075-00042228-00042966 and installing balancer socket on the other four wires to connect standard battery
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00076-00043582-00044158 and also soldering main battery leads to the Phantom's main connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00077-00044532-00044758 And that's all necessary connections.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00078-00044864-00045596 I'll attempt to keep my Phantom unchanged
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00079-00045596-00046078 because I'd like to use original battery packs while they still work
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00080-00046078-00047088 hence I'll try to put the PCB back inside front cover
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00081-00047088-00047958 so after closing, it would hold the battery inside.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00082-00048216-00048578 Some time later...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00083-00048880-00049364 And that's what I came up with
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00084-00049498-00049646 ..let's zoom in
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00085-00050744-00051102 Here goes the negative from the external battery connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00086-00051240-00052002 External battery's positive goes to the lower part of the original battery connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00087-00052002-00052466 Upper part of the original battery connector remains soldered to PCB
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00088-00052670-00053202 ...let's take a closer look
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00089-00053950-00054102 ...no big deal
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00090-00054490-00054886 This connection remains unchanged
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00091-00054912-00055586 This part was cut off from original distribution board
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00092-00055586-00056016 to keep data port and main battery connector intact
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00093-00056140-00056690 I left some extra space here  with traces
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00094-00056690-00057855 so I could easily solder data wires to the remainder of the lower PCB
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00095-00058134-00058826 First four wires of the flat cable were soldered to the balancer socket
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00096-00059124-00059736 As mentioned before, external battery's positive goes to the lower part of the original battery connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00097-00059736-00060128 and the negative of the external battery is soldered here
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00098-00060172-00061390 There was original connection between upper PCB and the negative of the lower PCB
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00099-00061436-00061734 And that's all...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00100-00061736-00062578 In order to fit it nicely back into Phantom
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00101-00062632-00063722 Battery's body was cut down to the edge of the front cover
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00102-00063854-00064074 So after assembly....
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00103-00066504-00066704 ...something does not fit...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00104-00067214-00067414 ...now it should fit...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00105-00067936-00068556 After putting it back together and inserting into front cover
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00106-00068556-00069126 the only thing that protrudes from the front cover is main battery connector
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00107-00069126-00069598 Everything else fits inside
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00108-00069598-00070386 I cut an opening on the side for the electronics' main wires
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00109-00070498-00071092 ...and battery wires.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00110-00071280-00071684 Now, how to put it into the Phantom...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00111-00072192-00072528 Here's our oldtimer...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00112-00073010-00073464 As You can see, Multistar 5200 fits perfectly
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00113-00073900-00074160 ....connecting balancer leads...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00114-00074416-00074850 ...balancer cables and connector go inside...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00115-00075158-00075528 ...there's plenty of space so they should fit in without any problem...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00116-00075528-00075804 Main battery wires go a little bit down
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00117-00076846-00077074 Battery's PCB responds...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00118-00077074-00078114 Before turning the quad on, we should also connect main wires of the battery and PCB.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00119-00078554-00078804 And now we can try to power it on..
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00120-00080040-00080402 As You can see, quad starts as usual.
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00121-00080868-00081168 In some cases
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00122-00081168-00081560 despite connecting fully charged battery to the PCB
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00123-00081560-00082146 You'll get only 2 and half (I mean blinking) LED's
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00124-00082268-00083094 This may happen when PCB is disconnected from power source for a long time
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00125-00083094-00084094 or there's significant difference between voltage remembered by PCB and voltage connected
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00126-00084184-00084732 In such situation, PCB estimates that it has only half of the capacity
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00127-00084732-00085080 and shows only two solid and one blinking LED
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00128-00085080-00085400 no matter how well charged Your battery really is
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00129-00085400-00085548 How to deal with it?
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00130-00085548-00086668 Just connect original DJI charger or other power source to the PCB main connector for a minute or two
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00131-00086788-00087106 Charging process will start
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00132-00087106-00087974 and build-in balancer will detect that newly connected cells are fully charged
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00133-00087974-00088212 It will blink for a while and turn off
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00134-00088212-00089162 Then You can turn the quad back on and You should get all four solid LED's
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00135-00089338-00089618 And that's all
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00136-00089706-00090064 As for the flight times, I'll perform some tests soon...
PNIPj0Lcd6M-00137-00090406-00090680 It's a good practice to perform compass calibration after any modification done to the Phantom
POOifHpPNby-00000-00000048-00000672 nothing is really happening, this channel is not getting a lot of changes, so
POOifHpPNby-00001-00000672-00001512 the videos are now not getting a lot of views. now this means that my channel is dying.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00000-00000100-00000500 Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Strings  in C and C++
PRfQ7tybQpI-00001-00000600-00000700 In this tutorial we will learn,
PRfQ7tybQpI-00002-00000800-00000900 What is a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00003-00001000-00001200 Declaration of a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00004-00001300-00001400 Initialization of a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00005-00001500-00001600 Few examples on string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00006-00001700-00002100 We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00007-00002200-00002400 To record this tutorial, I am using,
PRfQ7tybQpI-00008-00002500-00002800 Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04
PRfQ7tybQpI-00009-00002900-00003400 gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
PRfQ7tybQpI-00010-00003500-00003700 Let us start with the introduction to strings.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00011-00003800-00004300 String is a sequence of characters, that is treated as a single data item.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00012-00004400-00004800 Size of string = length of string + 1
PRfQ7tybQpI-00013-00004900-00005100 Let me tell you how to declare a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00014-00005200-00005400 The syntax for this is
PRfQ7tybQpI-00015-00005500-00005800 char, name of string and size
PRfQ7tybQpI-00016-00005900-00006500 char is the data type, name of the string is the string name, and we can give the size here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00017-00006600-00007200 Eg: here we have declared a character string names with size 10
PRfQ7tybQpI-00018-00007300-00007400 Now we will see an example.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00019-00007500-00007800 I have already typed the program,  I will open it.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00020-00007900-00008200 Note that our file name is string.c
PRfQ7tybQpI-00021-00008300-00008800 In this program, we will take a string as an input from the user and print it.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00022-00008900-00009100 Let me explain the code now.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00023-00009200-00009300 These are our header files.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00024-00009400-00010200 Here string.h includes the declarations, functions, constants of string handling utilities.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00025-00010300-00010600 Whenever we work on string functions, we should include this header file.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00026-00010700-00010800 This is our main function.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00027-00010900-00011400 Here we are declaring the string strname with size  '30'.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00028-00011500-00011700 Here we are accepting a string from the user.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00029-00011800-00012400 To read a string, we can use scanf() function with format specifier %s
PRfQ7tybQpI-00030-00012500-00013000 We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00031-00013100-00013200 Then we print the string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00032-00013300-00013500 And this is our return statement.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00033-00013600-00013700 Now click on Save
PRfQ7tybQpI-00034-00013800-00013900 Let us execute the program.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00035-00014000-00014900 Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00036-00015000-00015600 To compile, type gcc space string.c space -o space str
PRfQ7tybQpI-00037-00015700-00015900 And press Enter
PRfQ7tybQpI-00038-00016000-00016200 To execute, type ./str
PRfQ7tybQpI-00039-00016300-00016500 now press Enter
PRfQ7tybQpI-00040-00016600-00016800 Here it is displayed as Enter the string .
PRfQ7tybQpI-00041-00016900-00017500 I will type Talk To A Teacher.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00042-00017600-00017700 now press Enter.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00043-00017800-00018200 The output is displayed as  The string is Talk To A Teacher
PRfQ7tybQpI-00044-00018300-00018500 Now let us switch back to our slides
PRfQ7tybQpI-00045-00018600-00018900 Until now we discussed about the declaration of a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00046-00019000-00019200 Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00047-00019300-00019500 The syntax for this is
PRfQ7tybQpI-00048-00019600-00019900 char var_name[size] = “string”;
PRfQ7tybQpI-00049-00020000-00020700 Eg: Here we have declared a character string  “names”"' with size 10 and the string is “Priya”"'
PRfQ7tybQpI-00050-00020800-00021000 Another syntax is
PRfQ7tybQpI-00051-00021100-00021500 char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}  within single quotes
PRfQ7tybQpI-00052-00021600-00022100 eg: char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'}  in single quotes
PRfQ7tybQpI-00053-00022200-00022700 Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00054-00022800-00023100 Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00055-00023200-00023700 First, press shift, ctrl and s keys simultaneously on your keyboard
PRfQ7tybQpI-00056-00023800-00024200 Now save the file with the name stringinitialize
PRfQ7tybQpI-00057-00024300-00024500 Now click on Save
PRfQ7tybQpI-00058-00024600-00024700 We are going to initialize the string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00059-00024800-00025000 Hence, at the 5th line, type
PRfQ7tybQpI-00060-00025100-00025900 = and within the double quotes “Spoken- Tutorial”;
PRfQ7tybQpI-00061-00026000-00026100 Now, click on Save
PRfQ7tybQpI-00062-00026200-00026600 Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00063-00026700-00026900 Click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00064-00027000-00027100 Let us execute.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00065-00027100-00027200 Come back to our terminal.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00066-00027300-00027400 To compile, type
PRfQ7tybQpI-00067-00027500-00028300 gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2
PRfQ7tybQpI-00068-00028400-00029300 Here we have str2 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c
PRfQ7tybQpI-00069-00029400-00029500 Now press Enter.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00070-00029600-00029900 To execute, type ./str2
PRfQ7tybQpI-00071-00030000-00030500 The output is displayed as  "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".
PRfQ7tybQpI-00072-00030600-00030800 Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .
PRfQ7tybQpI-00073-00030900-00031000 Come back to our program
PRfQ7tybQpI-00074-00031100-00031500 Suppose here we type the spelling of string as sting
PRfQ7tybQpI-00075-00031600-00031700 Now click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00076-00031800-00031900 Let us execute
PRfQ7tybQpI-00077-00031900-00032000 Come back to our terminal
PRfQ7tybQpI-00078-00032100-00032200 Now compile as before
PRfQ7tybQpI-00079-00032300-00032400 We see an fatal error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00080-00032500-00032700 sting.h: no such file or directory
PRfQ7tybQpI-00081-00032800-00032900 compilation terminated
PRfQ7tybQpI-00082-00033000-00033100 Come back to our program.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00083-00033200-00033800 This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name sting.h
PRfQ7tybQpI-00084-00033900-00034000 Hence it is giving an error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00085-00034100-00034200 Let us fix the error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00086-00034300-00034400 Type r here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00087-00034500-00034520 Now click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00088-00034600-00034640 Let us execute again.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00089-00034700-00034900 Come back to our terminal.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00090-00035000-00035300 Compile as before, execute as before.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00091-00035400-00035500 Yes, it is working!
PRfQ7tybQpI-00092-00035600-00035800 Now, let us see another common error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00093-00035900-00036100 Come back to our program.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00094-00036200-00036500 Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00095-00036600-00036633 Now, click on Save .
PRfQ7tybQpI-00096-00036700-00036800 Let us see what happens.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00097-00036900-00037000 Come back to our terminal.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00098-00037100-00037400 Let me clear the prompt.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00099-00037500-00037600 Compile as before.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00100-00037700-00037800 We see an error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00101-00037900-00038300 Wide character array initialized from non-wide string
PRfQ7tybQpI-00102-00038400-00039100 format %s expects argument of type 'char, ' but  argument 2 has type 'int'
PRfQ7tybQpI-00103-00039200-00039500 Come back to our program.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00104-00039600-00040100 This is because we used %s as the format specifier for string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00105-00040200-00040600 And we are initializing it with an integer data type
PRfQ7tybQpI-00106-00040700-00040800 Let us fix the error.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00107-00040900-00041000 Type char here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00108-00041100-00041200 Click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00109-00041300-00041500 Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00110-00041600-00041900 Compile as before, execute as before.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00111-00042000-00042200 Yes it is working!
PRfQ7tybQpI-00112-00042300-00042700 Now we will see how to execute the same program in C++
PRfQ7tybQpI-00113-00042800-00043000 Come back to our program.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00114-00043100-00043400 Let me open our file string.c
PRfQ7tybQpI-00115-00043500-00043700 We will edit the code here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00116-00043800-00044400 First, press shift, ctrl and S key simultaneously on your keyboard.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00117-00044500-00044800 Now save the file with an extension .cpp
PRfQ7tybQpI-00118-00044900-00045200 and click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00119-00045300-00045700 Now we will change the header file as  iostream.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00120-00045800-00046200 Include the using statement.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00121-00046300-00046600 Now click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00122-00046700-00046900 Now we will delete this declaration.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00123-00047000-00047200 And will declare a string variable.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00124-00047300-00047800 Type string space strname and a semicolon
PRfQ7tybQpI-00125-00047900-00048100 Click on Save.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00126-00048200-00048600 Replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00127-00048700-00049000 Delete the closing bracket here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00128-00049100-00050300 Delete the scanf statement and type getline opening bracket closing bracket within the brackets type(cin, strname)
PRfQ7tybQpI-00129-00050400-00050700 At the end, type a semicolon.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00130-00050800-00051500 Now again, replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00131-00051600-00051900 Delete the format specifier and \n
PRfQ7tybQpI-00132-00052000-00052100 Now delete the comma
PRfQ7tybQpI-00133-00052200-00052800 Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00134-00052900-00053300 Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type \n
PRfQ7tybQpI-00135-00053400-00053700 And click on Save
PRfQ7tybQpI-00136-00053800-00054200 Here we have declared a string variable 'strname'
PRfQ7tybQpI-00137-00054300-00055200 Since we do not use the format specifier in C++, the compiler should know that strname is a string variable.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00138-00055300-00055700 Here we use getline to extract the characters from the input sequence.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00139-00055800-00056100 It stores them as a string.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00140-00056200-00056600 Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00141-00056700-00056900 Let me clear the prompt.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00142-00057000-00057100 To compile, type
PRfQ7tybQpI-00143-00057200-00057800 g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3
PRfQ7tybQpI-00144-00057900-00058000 and press Enter.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00145-00058100-00058500 To execute, type ./str3
PRfQ7tybQpI-00146-00058600-00058700 Press Enter.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00147-00058700-00058900 It is displayed as Enter the string
PRfQ7tybQpI-00148-00059000-00059400 I will enter as Talk To A Teacher
PRfQ7tybQpI-00149-00059500-00059600 Now press Enter
PRfQ7tybQpI-00150-00059700-00059800 The output is displayed as
PRfQ7tybQpI-00151-00059900-00060200 ' "The string is Talk To A Teacher  "'
PRfQ7tybQpI-00152-00060300-00060600 We can see that the output is similar to our C code.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00153-00060700-00060900 Now come back to our slides.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00154-00061000-00061006 Let us summarize
PRfQ7tybQpI-00155-00061100-00061200 In this tutorial we learnt
PRfQ7tybQpI-00156-00061300-00061400 Strings
PRfQ7tybQpI-00157-00061400-00061500 Declaration of a string
PRfQ7tybQpI-00158-00061600-00061900 eg: char strname[30]
PRfQ7tybQpI-00159-00062000-00062073 Initialization of a string
PRfQ7tybQpI-00160-00062100-00062500 eg: char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”
PRfQ7tybQpI-00161-00062600-00062700 As an assignment
PRfQ7tybQpI-00162-00062800-00063300 Write a program to print a string using the 2nd syntax
PRfQ7tybQpI-00163-00063400-00063600 Watch the video available at the link shown below
PRfQ7tybQpI-00164-00063700-00063900 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
PRfQ7tybQpI-00165-00064000-00064300 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
PRfQ7tybQpI-00166-00064400-00064500 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
PRfQ7tybQpI-00167-00064600-00064800 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
PRfQ7tybQpI-00168-00064900-00065300 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
PRfQ7tybQpI-00169-00065400-00066000 For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
PRfQ7tybQpI-00170-00066100-00066300 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project
PRfQ7tybQpI-00171-00066400-00067100 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
PRfQ7tybQpI-00172-00067200-00067500 More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
PRfQ7tybQpI-00173-00067600-00067900 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.
PRfQ7tybQpI-00174-00068000-00068500 Thank You for watching.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00000-00000174-00000348 SASTRA FILM
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00001-00000494-00000694 BAYON TV
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00002-00000694-00000894 Sponsor by:
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00003-00001386-00001590 Neh! Neh!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00004-00001666-00001830 What are you doing?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00005-00001907-00002254 Have you ever notice
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00006-00002364-00002662 that I can't sleep
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00007-00002662-00002832 If I don't turn off the light
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00008-00003082-00003192 Present
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00009-00003686-00003886 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00010-00004430-00004626 Why does our mother call us?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00011-00004672-00004984 I am not sure too. When she comes, you can ask her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00012-00005224-00005376 Or! She is coming
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00013-00005428-00005528 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00014-00005960-00006060 Where is father?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00015-00006823-00006923 Err! SAK!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00016-00007036-00007200 Please help take me to the pagoda!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00017-00007242-00007376 Orr! It's what you call me for?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00018-00007486-00007730 Mother, I've seen you going to the pagoda a lots these days
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00019-00007730-00008073 I suspected you might fall in love with a man there, right?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00020-00008120-00008418 Father! Please take care of her!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00021-00008418-00008712 You might lose her to that window!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00022-00009032-00009162 How rude you are!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00023-00009224-00009502 I just sit here for a few minutes and you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00024-00009502-00009608 murmuring around
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00025-00009810-00010114 My look is good and
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00026-00010114-00010406 my heart is also pure. I am not
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00027-00010406-00010556 like you.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00028-00010704-00010804 My little one!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00029-00010854-00010954 SAK!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00030-00011032-00011196 You should understand.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00031-00011230-00011386 You should that I
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00032-00011504-00011819 am the charming person to her.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00033-00011820-00012126 I look way more attractive to her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00034-00012282-00012524 So, no one can ever make
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00035-00012524-00012680 her fall in love instead of me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00036-00012730-00012928 Do you know what?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00037-00013012-00013290 Because your mother has a pure heart
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00038-00013290-00013632 for the only me. Remember that!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00039-00013644-00014046 I just admire you a little bit. you seem proud of yourself
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00040-00014196-00014528 Hmm! You look so sweet
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00041-00014528-00014750 Sister and Brother-in-law
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00042-00014750-00015034 If both of you sweet like them, it would be great
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00043-00015034-00015297 That's why mother doesn't have a grandchild
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00044-00015630-00015730 SAK! What's wrong with you today?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00045-00015913-00016056 Why do you look annoying today?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00046-00016124-00016256 Look at you! You are 25 years old now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00047-00016291-00016532 but you don't have a girlfriend.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00048-00016532-00016722 you might be single forever
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00049-00016962-00017062 NIN
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00050-00017122-00017304 SAK is right!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00051-00017340-00017620 You have been married long time ago but
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00052-00017620-00017940 you don't have any children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00053-00017940-00018154 We are waiting to hold a grandchild
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00054-00018208-00018474 I also try but
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00055-00018500-00018622 I know why
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00056-00018664-00018912 In this life, I might not be able to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00057-00018946-00019094 have a child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00058-00019400-00019618 It's not acceptable
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00059-00019666-00019910 I went to many pagodas to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00060-00019914-00020224 many blessing places every dad and night
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00061-00020224-00020438 because I want a grandchild
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00062-00020832-00021002 Or! Your wife has
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00063-00021124-00021292 any health conditions
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00064-00021472-00021572 NIN!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00065-00021650-00021910 Have you ever been to the hospital to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00066-00021910-00022022 do the medical check-up.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00067-00022124-00022304 I went to the hospital already
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00068-00022336-00022442 but doctors told that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00069-00022486-00022754 I have the least chance to have baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00070-00022754-00022994 I also try to drink Khmer medical herbs
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00071-00022994-00023206 as well as modern medicine
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00072-00023206-00023402 but it seems not to be effective
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00073-00023722-00024032 By the way, last night I dreamed that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00074-00024046-00024096 Mom!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00075-00024096-00024390 I saw a cute baby ask to live in our home
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00076-00024698-00024826 Really?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00077-00024834-00025010 Of course!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00078-00025010-00025300 She is so bright and beautiful
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00079-00025312-00025452 So, I let her in
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00080-00025534-00025827 Ohh! Please make my son's dream come true
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00081-00025827-00026064 SATU! SATU! SATU!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00082-00026082-00026360 Heh! Honey! This dream is very good indeed
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00083-00026360-00026516 It's very good
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00084-00026516-00026812 We might have kids paly around in our home
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00085-00026812-00026912 It's might
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00086-00026938-00027064 our child having a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00087-00027142-00027308 As I know,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00088-00027362-00027662 They might have a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00089-00027662-00027986 We might have grandchild soon
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00090-00028400-00028618 I heard that your child will be married soon, right?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00091-00028618-00028676 yes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00092-00028676-00028966 Ohh! I wish they are marrying soo
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00093-00028972-00029289 Orr! Heh! You!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00094-00029289-00029550 At the moment, I haven't called you because
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00095-00029550-00029708 I was saluting the Budda
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00096-00029754-00030082 How are you? You look fresh
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00097-00030082-00030410 I don't have to tell me. I know you have  been well
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00098-00030410-00030710 I am living in a happy life
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00099-00030710-00031012 I have a daughter-in-law  who takes
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00100-00031012-00031276 care everything and
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00101-00031276-00031376 both of my sons
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00102-00031412-00031762 have high salaries. So, I can live happily
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00103-00031777-00031924 In this life, I am full of happiness
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00104-00032206-00032333 Her sons are good
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00105-00032444-00032698 How many grandchildren do you have? You might
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00106-00032698-00032996 be boring look after grandchildren. That' why, you come here
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00107-00032996-00033096 Ohh! What?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00108-00033124-00033392 My children don't want to have a baby yet
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00109-00033464-00033720 because they are busy with their works
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00110-00033720-00033940 and they don't want me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00111-00033940-00034096 to be exhausted
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00112-00034314-00034584 Don't you want a grandchild? Do you know
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00113-00034584-00034882 having a grandchild is full of joy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00114-00034884-00035190 Just like me. I feel relieved when I look after my grandchildren
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00115-00035304-00035436 Neh!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00116-00035530-00035832 They might have children soon because
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00117-00035832-00036106 my son dreamed
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00118-00036106-00036420 about having a baby girl. If my granddaughter is born,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00119-00036420-00036672 I will take her for all of you to see.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00120-00036794-00037020 Really? You look so happy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00121-00037020-00037228 What are you discussing about?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00122-00037228-00037332 We are talking about grandchildren
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00123-00037332-00037568 Okay! That's enough.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00124-00037568-00037752 Our son is waiting outside
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00125-00037812-00038026 I am leaving now. See you later
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00126-00038026-00038138 Yes! Yes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00127-00038427-00038755 This couple looks so sweet. I admired them
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00128-00038756-00038914 that they have good children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00129-00038944-00039264 Their children love each other and them.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00130-00039268-00039618 Ohh! It's mid-day already. let's go home!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00131-00040116-00040368 Heh! Honey! When you arrive home, please prepare my clothes
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00132-00040368-00040652 I have to go to a ceremony tomorrow
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00133-00040652-00040982 OH! I know! Don't repeat it again and again,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00134-00041376-00041688 Today is such a hot day
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00135-00041688-00041984 Lately, it rained days and nights. Why today is so hot?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00136-00042148-00042440 Ohh! It's might be a good presage
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00137-00042440-00042584 about our grandchild
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00138-00042584-00042766 Orr! Hehe!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00139-00042766-00043164 It's might not true. It's hot because
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00140-00043230-00043520 it was mesmerized by your beauty
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00141-00043520-00043692 What are you saying?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00142-00043764-00044056 What's kind of mesmerized? I am old now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00143-00044056-00044236 because It's strange
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00144-00044478-00044694 Honey! I feel dizzy.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00145-00044694-00044988 I am getting dizzy. Give me the herbs
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00146-00045028-00045324 What's wrong?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00147-00045692-00045836 You will be normal soon
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00148-00045836-00046004 No! No!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00149-00046018-00046340 No! I feel the dizzy way more
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00150-00046340-00046540 You just normal at the moment
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00151-00046696-00046848 discussing something with others
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00152-00046906-00047006 Honey! What's wrong?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00153-00047088-00047394 Heh! Wake up! Wake up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00154-00047394-00047494 SAK! SAK!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00155-00047592-00047720 SAK! Come here!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00156-00047774-00048118 Honey! Honey! Please wake up. you will be alright
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00157-00048216-00048488 Honey! Wake up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00158-00048552-00048934 SAK! Hurry up! You will be alright
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00159-00049069-00049169 Father!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00160-00049174-00049320 Why does she become like that?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00161-00049354-00049574 She was just fine this morning
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00162-00049722-00049898 I don't know too
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00163-00049948-00050244 This morning, we went to the pagoda together
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00164-00050258-00050542 She met her friends and
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00165-00050542-00050772 talked to each other just find
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00166-00050796-00051082 After leaving the pagoda, she felt
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00167-00051082-00051182 dizzy and headache
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00168-00051196-00051390 and felt in a comma like this
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00169-00051486-00051778 Father, have mother ever felt like that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00170-00051778-00051878 at night?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00171-00051910-00052164 No! She was fine
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00172-00052184-00052496 I observe that she was being weird these days
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00173-00052496-00052790 Your mother couldn't sleep well
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00174-00052790-00053086 she was having fantasy a lot
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00175-00053086-00053424 She asked me to massage her every night
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00176-00053450-00053612 It's what I have observed
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00177-00053700-00053988 She might think of having a grandchild
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00178-00053988-00054204 That's why she couldn't eat well
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00179-00054234-00054404 That might be it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00180-00054704-00055004 Doctor! What are her conditions?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00181-00055029-00055313 She is alright. She will be back to normal soon
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00182-00055314-00055622 I want to congratulate to all of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00183-00055884-00056212 What are you congratulating about? My mother is sick
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00184-00056308-00056594 Soon, there will be a new member to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00185-00056594-00056898 live with all of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00186-00057055-00057241 New member?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00187-00057322-00057628 Who is the new member? My home is not
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00188-00057628-00057855 going to raise anyone more
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00189-00057855-00058240 Who? Why does he/she know my family?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00190-00058262-00058390 I don't understand
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00191-00058460-00058784 She is a beautiful baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00192-00058952-00059052 baby?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00193-00059166-00059344 your sister
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00194-00059650-00059970 Your sister is pregnant.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00195-00060158-00060328 I am so happy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00196-00060434-00060534 You have a baby now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00197-00060591-00060910 When she backs to conscious, she will be happy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00198-00061072-00061405 Are you crazy?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00199-00061444-00061741 How can I have a baby If I don't go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00200-00061741-00061886 to X-ray my belly
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00201-00061929-00062204 Heh! My dear! All my dear children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00202-00062279-00062379 Shut up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00203-00062417-00062698 When she wakes up, tell her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00204-00062698-00062914 She will be happy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00205-00062944-00063248 Father! I know nothing. I truly don't have any child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00206-00063248-00063455 I am not lying to you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00207-00063517-00063855 Stop! Do you want to surprise us?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00208-00063894-00064164 Doctor is here!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00209-00064216-00064674 SAK! I don't want to surprise anyone. I have I will tell all of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00210-00064674-00065010 You don't have to surprise us. Please be honest with us
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00211-00065010-00065196 I told you.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00212-00065205-00065390 Don't complain about each other!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00213-00065448-00065718 I didn't refer to her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00214-00065966-00066184 I refer to auntie.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00215-00066184-00066292 What?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00216-00066306-00066582 Yes! It's right.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00217-00066582-00066718 She got pregnant
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00218-00066800-00066952 14 weeks already
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00219-00067174-00067312 Are you sure?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00220-00067444-00067766 Yes! Congratulation!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00221-00067808-00068038 I am heading back now. Bye
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00222-00068418-00068704 He might get it wrong
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00223-00068936-00069222 Right! Might be he was wrong
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00224-00069308-00069444 Our mother is more than 50 years old
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00225-00069538-00069638 Why?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00226-00069708-00069834 I want to have a baby but I can't
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00227-00069944-00070086 but she doesn't want to have
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00228-00070132-00070250 she has it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00229-00070430-00070660 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00230-00075682-00075882 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00231-00076412-00076612 It does not depend on the age
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00232-00076664-00076976 The important is our father has energy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00233-00076984-00077216 and stronger than you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00234-00078040-00078140 Mother is waking up now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00235-00078168-00078466 Father,  Mom is conscious now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00236-00078466-00078756 What's wrong with all of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00237-00078756-00079092 I just feel a little dizzy. why did you bring  me to the hospital?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00238-00079098-00079368 you are too worried about me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00239-00080178-00080392 Heh! What did the doctor say?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00240-00080860-00081198 Don't you hear me?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00241-00081232-00081492 What's wrong with me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00242-00081528-00081628 SAK!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00243-00081692-00081980 Doctor said you will have a kid
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00244-00081980-00082280 playing around with you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00245-00082280-00082530 in our home
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00246-00083050-00083378 What are you talking about? Who are you referring too?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00247-00083798-00084044 Do you have a child?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00248-00084044-00084198 Come closer
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00249-00084228-00084550 I want to ask you. Do you have a baby?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00250-00084550-00084990 Not sister but you. You have been pregnant
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00251-00085200-00085484 Don't talk nonsense! You talked like this
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00252-00085484-00085794 it looks like you look down on your parents
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00253-00085794-00085894 This asshole
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00254-00085944-00086044 I am not joking around
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00255-00086116-00086418 You really got pregnant
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00256-00086418-00086534 The doctor said you have been pregnant for 4 months
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00257-00086570-00086890 Brother's dream is very amazing
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00258-00087792-00088060 (Khmer Slogan related to pregnancy)
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00259-00088518-00088748 As I know, It's a boy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00260-00088748-00088888 Why did you have a baby girl?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00261-00089292-00089384 Why did you the pillow to me?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00262-00089384-00089646 You deserve it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00263-00089728-00090012 you are murmuring around since
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00264-00090012-00090112 we were at the hospital
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00265-00090140-00090240 What's wrong with you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00266-00090440-00090540 You deserve it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00267-00090980-00091216 Mother! You are old right now. Why do you still want a child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00268-00091272-00091522 If you don't feel ashamed, I feel it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00269-00091552-00091878 What can I do? If  uncook rice become a cook one already
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00270-00092004-00092328 Do you think I want it to be this way
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00271-00092328-00092678 Ohh! Mother! You spoke like you are an unmarried woman
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00272-00093020-00093240 SAK! Shut up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00273-00093354-00093672 I wonder why both you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00274-00093692-00093836 do like this
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00275-00094144-00094244 What?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00276-00094260-00094412 What are you referring to?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00277-00094500-00094600 It seems like
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00278-00094650-00094850 you insulted your own parents
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00279-00094910-00095122 I delivered all of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00280-00095242-00095342 because of it, right?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00281-00095460-00095630 I didn't mean it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00282-00095774-00096010 I just want you to consider again
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00283-00096090-00096396 because I am shame that you have a child in this age
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00284-00096410-00096682 your health condition is also not stable
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00285-00096794-00097018 I also have a wife
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00286-00097112-00097404 and I have to have a little baby brother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00287-00097710-00097950 Lin! What do you mean?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00288-00097990-00098206 Why do you want to kill him before he born?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00289-00098412-00098594 If you can't accept it, It's fine
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00290-00098638-00098798 but listen to me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00291-00098818-00099018 I won't abolish this baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00292-00099334-00099512 Heh! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00293-00099616-00099748 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00294-00100004-00100104 Your mother is furious right now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00295-00100148-00100410 It's your fault, father
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00296-00100410-00100708 If you didn't do it, it would not happen
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00297-00100832-00101054 Don't speak like that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00298-00101190-00101404 Murmuring around every time
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00299-00101584-00101818 See! Your mother is so furious
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00300-00101880-00102000 because of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00301-00102850-00103150 Father! Can I ask you?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00302-00103150-00103309 What do you want to know?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00303-00103309-00103420 you always go the pagoda
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00304-00103448-00103683 to make your mind peace.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00305-00103683-00103992 Why did you do that at night and....?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00306-00104032-00104378 Asshole! Go away!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00307-00104650-00104750 All of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00308-00105135-00105256 I don't want to talk to you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00309-00105846-00106035 I told you not to be talkative
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00310-00106159-00106450 You deserve it.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00311-00107152-00107252 Hello, mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00312-00107276-00107561 You don't have to come here.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00313-00107578-00107759 I come to see my wife today
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00314-00107798-00107898 Yes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00315-00108102-00108290 Yes! It's okay, mother.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00316-00108335-00108450 Yes! I put down the phone now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00317-00108811-00108911 Heh! Rith?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00318-00108911-00109096 Emm!SAK!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00319-00109118-00109348 Long time no see! How are you?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00320-00109418-00109526 Err! Fine as always
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00321-00109626-00109959 You look fresh since you have got married
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00322-00109959-00110233 Is your wife pregnant?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00323-00110233-00110422 What a good husband?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00324-00110540-00110733 No! It's normal.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00325-00110952-00111068 Why are you here?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00326-00111118-00111385 Don't tell me that you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00327-00111398-00111628 bring your mistress to x-ray.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00328-00111674-00111909 Hmm! No mistress
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00329-00111954-00112208 My mother has got pregnant 4 months
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00330-00112308-00112408 Your mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00331-00112678-00112833 What do you think?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00332-00112944-00113200 What can I do If it already went this way
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00333-00113200-00113478 She doesn't abolish it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00334-00113478-00113848 What can I do? She is my younger sister
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00335-00113848-00113952 but
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00336-00114050-00114228 I can't be the youngest brother now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00337-00114409-00114568 This jerk
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00338-00114766-00115114 Congratulation that you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00339-00115174-00115359 will become an elder brother soon
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00340-00115411-00115735 Soon, you will be heard the word brother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00341-00115746-00116054 brother, buy me candy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00342-00116054-00116370 brother make milk for me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00343-00116370-00116592 and change her clothes as always
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00344-00116738-00117026 before you said that to me, watch yourself
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00345-00117026-00117346 your wife is pregnant. You will be harder that me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00346-00117346-00117632 RITH, Please come inside!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00347-00117632-00117842 I am going inside now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00348-00118858-00119126 Do you bring you wife to X-ray
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00349-00119126-00119226 Emm!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00350-00119402-00119744 Not my wife. Emm! Err!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00351-00119878-00120008 That woman
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00352-00120328-00120659 Let's go home, my son. I got X-ray already?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00353-00120788-00120933 Your mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00354-00120980-00121080 Yes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00355-00124144-00124448 Mother! Why don't you sleep?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00356-00124544-00124852 Don't you see! I am sitting
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00357-00124852-00125106 Ehh! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00358-00125164-00125408 Why are you talking harshly to me?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00359-00125442-00125648 What made you upset?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00360-00125896-00126194 It's not. Because of sweet,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00361-00126194-00126396 my belly is getting bigger
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00362-00126396-00126558 and bigger
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00363-00126620-00126922 I don't want to hear your sweet words anymore
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00364-00126922-00127224 Orr Honey! It's normal
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00365-00127528-00127835 When you are pregnant, you belly is getting bigger
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00366-00127835-00128026 as always
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00367-00128080-00128402 You used to pregnant of our
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00368-00128402-00128582 children before
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00369-00128632-00128732 Neh!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00370-00128768-00128894 You
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00371-00128968-00129302 You don't have to take care of me  like new couple
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00372-00129302-00129458 we are old now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00373-00129508-00129838 because of your sweet words,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00374-00129838-00130028 our children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00375-00130154-00130430 are murmuring around with me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00376-00130430-00130738 I almost don't have any motivation
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00377-00130738-00130946 to give birth to this child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00378-00131096-00131370 I feel ashamed of our neighbor, our children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00379-00131370-00131490 and daughter-in-law
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00380-00132146-00132254 NIN!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00381-00132326-00132532 also don't feel happy with this
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00382-00132606-00132776 Heh! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00383-00132958-00133170 Don't care whatever they say
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00384-00133222-00133532 Don't care whatever our neighbor said
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00385-00133536-00133754 Let them talk
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00386-00133858-00134110 We can't do anything. Let it be
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00387-00134312-00134582 You are happy right
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00388-00134582-00134838 because you have a child right now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00389-00134944-00135242 The important is you take care of your health
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00390-00136192-00136402 Heh! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00391-00136478-00136642 What are you doing?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00392-00136720-00137066 Don't you know
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00393-00137176-00137474 I can't sleep If I don't turn off the light
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00394-00137706-00137816 Hmmm
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00395-00137996-00138296 Why does she never come outside?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00396-00138296-00138566 What are they doing inside their home?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00397-00138566-00138862 They might do something inappropriate
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00398-00138862-00138962 Maybe!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00399-00139094-00139408 She always comes outside this time everyday. What took her so long today?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00400-00139728-00140034 I suspected that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00401-00140034-00140302 our neighbor might want too much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00402-00140302-00140530 that's why she gives birth to a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00403-00140530-00140852 herself
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00404-00140948-00141082 Please watch your mouth!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00405-00141148-00141534 I wonder why does she still have sexual reproduction
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00406-00141724-00142024 If I were her, I would abolish the baby.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00407-00142024-00142290 I won't let it shame me. She is old
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00408-00142320-00142572 Why doesn't she go to the pagoda?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00409-00142572-00142762 but she thinks of having a baby instead
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00410-00142810-00143086 Herz! Let her be!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00411-00143346-00143546 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00412-00148880-00149080 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00413-00149144-00149466 Hmm! Old people these days have sexual desire
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00414-00149466-00149614 too much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00415-00149648-00149748 but I wonder
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00416-00149780-00150122 How can she handle it?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00417-00150214-00150532 Not like our parents. they are the same age as her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00418-00150532-00150794 but they only thing of Buddist bibbles
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00419-00150878-00151222 I don't understand old people nowadays
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00420-00151224-00151528 She might want a grandchild so much. That's why she fulfill her greed
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00421-00151528-00151872 because her son doesn't have a baby for her.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00422-00151872-00152152 Don't she feel ashamed! She is old
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00423-00152152-00152468 How can she handle it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00424-00152476-00152576 Heh! You!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00425-00152614-00152896 If you wonder, you can't ask me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00426-00152936-00153276 Don't gossip others! it's none of your business
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00427-00153290-00153630 and it's not a joke
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00428-00153642-00153872 What?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00429-00153940-00154168 Why don't you say it?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00430-00154168-00154338 At the moment, you gossip about me a lot
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00431-00154408-00154682 What's wrong? Why do you keep quiet?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00432-00154682-00154906 If you want to ask, ask me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00433-00155120-00155400 Ohh! I want to ask that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00434-00155400-00155704 your belly seem small; so, how many months have
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00435-00155704-00155842 you been pregnant?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00436-00155842-00155930 Four months
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00437-00155992-00156302 I admired you that you can handle it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00438-00156554-00156676 What do you mean?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00439-00156770-00157026 I used to pregnant my two children already
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00440-00157100-00157280 Why can't I handle this child?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00441-00157452-00157708 Unlike both of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00442-00157796-00158040 One can't have a baby for her husband
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00443-00158040-00158152 and another
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00444-00158194-00158478 is a widow who has a bad reputation but
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00445-00158478-00158744 see only others'mistake
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00446-00158848-00159140 Although I am pregnant in the old age,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00447-00159140-00159470 I can handle it. My husband
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00448-00159492-00159818 also love and care about me unlike both of you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00449-00159880-00160206 Can't have a baby and another can't find a husband.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00450-00160242-00160542 Don't gossip me next time. If not,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00451-00160542-00160884 I will tear your mouths apart
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00452-00164332-00164504 NIN is going out
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00453-00164610-00164780 she doesn't help me wipe
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00454-00164820-00165050 household equipments
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00455-00165244-00165562 Hmm! SAK is only staying in his room
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00456-00165598-00165822 He won't come out to help me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00457-00165862-00166018 this lazy man
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00458-00166438-00166760 Look! The sofa is covered with dirt
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00459-00166810-00166936 When I want to work
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00460-00167084-00167216 it's covered with dirt
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00461-00167442-00167764 Hmm! It's better to housework
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00462-00167788-00167982 than going outside
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00463-00168062-00168168 to meet those neighbor
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00464-00168212-00168424 gossip around
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00465-00168486-00168696 Can't old lazy have a baby?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00466-00168778-00169038 Those assholes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00467-00169452-00169754 Who has leftover after eating this?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00468-00173720-00174020 Don't say it's because of this mango!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00469-00174050-00174262 I just ate just a moment
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00470-00174576-00174676 I can't stand.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00471-00178016-00178116 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00472-00178146-00178370 Why did you eat it alone? Why don't
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00473-00178370-00178508 you call me to eat too?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00474-00179484-00179584 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00475-00179652-00179772 Are you sleeping?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00476-00179872-00179972 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00477-00180156-00180256 Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00478-00180400-00180566 Mother! What's happen?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00479-00180616-00180716 Are you unconscious?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00480-00180872-00181050 It's not right. I have to take her to the hospital
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00481-00181492-00181610 Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00482-00181842-00182078 You haven't eat anything
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00483-00182110-00182452 why did you eat mango? See what happen to you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00484-00182452-00182590 You see!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00485-00182922-00183238 You are not the one who pregnant. you will never understand.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00486-00183238-00183530 when a pregnant woman is hungry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00487-00183530-00183630 she can eat
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00488-00183640-00183772 even your head
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00489-00184262-00184420 It's too much, mother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00490-00184454-00184772 Luckily, I left the room on time
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00491-00184868-00185182 If not, I don't know what would happen because she ate mango
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00492-00185182-00185338 way too much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00493-00185376-00185570 She got diarrier
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00494-00185606-00185720 Fortunately
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00495-00185786-00186012 it's not effect to my little sister
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00496-00186184-00186364 What did doctor said?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00497-00186510-00186830 Doctor told that mother's health is not well. He told you to be more careful
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00498-00186902-00187072 Luckily, it doesn't effect to the baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00499-00187272-00187572 Doctor also said you can't do heavy work
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00500-00187602-00187866 which can effect both mother and baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00501-00188098-00188420 He's right, mother. You don't have to do
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00502-00188420-00188700 the houseworks. I can handle
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00503-00188700-00189008 them alone. the important is
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00504-00189008-00189332 you have a good health, Okay mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00505-00189796-00190058 You make yourself difficult
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00506-00190098-00190396 you can barely survive
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00507-00190396-00190626 but you put yourself in a hard situation.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00508-00190626-00190862 During the delivering month, your health will get worse
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00509-00190924-00191036 I am super worry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00510-00191110-00191410 If it keeps like this, I can't go to work
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00511-00191648-00191836 I told you to abolish it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00512-00191918-00192082 but you didn't listen to me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00513-00192368-00192664 Hmm! You don't have to worry about mother much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00514-00192696-00192956 She is still strong
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00515-00193000-00193302 Look at her face! She is smiling
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00516-00193302-00193562 especially when she has dad here.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00517-00193562-00193882 She smiles all the times
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00518-00194508-00194798 Your mother! Even though she has a serious illness,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00519-00194798-00194934 but when she sees me, she will be smile
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00520-00195030-00195232 Your mother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00521-00195264-00195364 is attracted by
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00522-00195390-00195508 my handsome face
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00523-00196078-00196286 I want to kiss you in front of our son
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00524-00196316-00196430 Dad!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00525-00196534-00196770 Father and Mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00526-00196770-00197100 Don't you feel overwhelm of sweet?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00527-00197130-00197360 you still being sweet in the hospital
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00528-00197462-00197896 What? Don't you want us to be happy?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00529-00197896-00198070 Or! Do you want us to argue with each other
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00530-00198080-00198260 like Tom and Jerry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00531-00200804-00201110 Today, our children take us to the restaurant.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00532-00201110-00201430 Why don't you get change?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00533-00201510-00201610 Go and Change your clothes
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00534-00201614-00201736 I don't go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00535-00201902-00202214 How can I go out? My belly is big now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00536-00202254-00202508 If you want to go, go with them
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00537-00202554-00202734 I can stay at home alone
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00538-00202890-00203058 Hmm! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00539-00203144-00203466 Your big belly is not related to eating
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00540-00203530-00203834 Our children want us to go eat out
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00541-00203834-00204412 together. Why do you raise up this as your concern?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00542-00204486-00204744 I said I don't go.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00543-00204744-00205042 Do you want others to laugh at me and say
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00544-00205042-00205198 I am pregnant at this age
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00545-00205436-00205712 They are just kidding you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00546-00205884-00206160 Mother, Please go with us!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00547-00206178-00206528 If you don't go, I feel incomplete
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00548-00206580-00206910 Stay home alone is not a good idea
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00549-00206912-00207210 If anything happens, No one will be able to help you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00550-00207262-00207588 I don't want to go, don't try to give me advice
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00551-00207632-00207788 You are not me. You don't understand
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00552-00207830-00208110 Whenever I go out, people gossip around
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00553-00208110-00208458 I don't feel well and want to die
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00554-00208612-00208950 Mother! You are so stubborn
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00555-00208971-00209194 You behave like miss universe
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00556-00209694-00209794 Mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00557-00209814-00209914 Why don't you get change?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00558-00209926-00210182 If we go late, we will be hard to order the food
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00559-00210182-00210332 because it will have lots of customers
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00560-00210650-00210848 My dear! Your mother doesn't want to go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00561-00210938-00211138 If she doesn't go, I
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00562-00211169-00211294 can't go too
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00563-00211360-00211550 I want to take care of her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00564-00211580-00211744 You can go.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00565-00211858-00211958 Why, mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00566-00212021-00212240 Mother! Please! It just has a meal together
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00567-00212438-00212666 she feels shame
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00568-00212698-00212932 Her daughter-in-law doesn't have a baby but
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00569-00212932-00213106 she does
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00570-00213580-00213784 See! Wherever we want to go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00571-00213866-00214186 we found it hard to go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00572-00214428-00214528 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00573-00219702-00219902 Old Pregnancy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00574-00220308-00220588 If she doesn't have the baby,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00575-00220598-00220908 we can take you to go aboard but now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00576-00220976-00221076 we can't even
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00577-00221152-00221252 go to eat with our family
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00578-00221266-00221521 Hmm! You can go
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00579-00221580-00221992 when you come back, buy something for her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00580-00222180-00222526 So, both of you can stay home. we will buy you some foods
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00581-00222536-00222648 when we come back
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00582-00222808-00222908 Don't forget!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00583-00222954-00223158 Your mother loves mixed fruit juice
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00584-00223266-00223510 Okay! Let's go!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00585-00223736-00224071 Mother! Father! I am going now. I will bring you some food
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00586-00224996-00225188 They are our son
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00587-00225956-00226056 I don't know much about baby things
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00588-00226119-00226438 because I am old now. I almost forget
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00589-00227052-00227226 What happen during this time?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00590-00227292-00227542 When I ate anything, I feel not well in my belly
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00591-00227904-00228054 or it's time to labour
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00592-00228096-00228404 I forgot how many months I have been pregnant
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00593-00229660-00229842 Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00594-00230048-00230326 I feel not well. I feel like to child is going to born
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00595-00230348-00230448 SAK! Help me!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00596-00230514-00230614 Heh!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00597-00230619-00230888 I am not well.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00598-00230966-00231164 Bring her to the hospital
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00599-00231164-00231304 Call your brother immediately
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00600-00231304-00231438 hold up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00601-00231892-00232146 Hello sister! Please book maternity hospital
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00602-00232288-00232388 Mother wants to deliver now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00603-00232590-00232764 Hurry up!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00604-00232888-00232988 Let's go!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00605-00233019-00233367 Help me carry her! Help Please! Hurry!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00606-00233378-00233723 Be careful!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00607-00236014-00236300 Father! Please calm down!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00608-00236300-00236426 You look so nervous
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00609-00236590-00236836 When she gave birth to both of you,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00610-00236836-00236992 I was way nervous than this
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00611-00237632-00237732 Father! Father!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00612-00237906-00238006 Father!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00613-00238028-00238466 Do you want to eat anything? I am going to buy you something to eat
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00614-00238466-00238623 No! I'm not hungry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00615-00238740-00238840 Father!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00616-00238848-00239152 I feel like you look not well
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00617-00239152-00239334 Please eat some
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00618-00239334-00239440 I can't
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00619-00239440-00239682 I am not hungry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00620-00239682-00239866 I just feel a little nervous
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00621-00239866-00239978 Father, It's not a little
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00622-00239978-00240167 you are super nervous
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00623-00240202-00240419 I'm so worry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00624-00240862-00241204 Doctor! What about my mother?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00625-00241206-00241410 How is she now?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00626-00241502-00241769 Both mother and daughter
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00627-00241894-00242092 Auntie is old; so, she is weak
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00628-00242156-00242369 She looks terrible
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00629-00242369-00242669 because you are not hurry to take her here
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00630-00242669-00242990 and she is getting worse and worse
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00631-00243000-00243200 She needs blood immediately.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00632-00243200-00243286 What should we do, doctor?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00633-00243286-00243510 Please tell us
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00634-00243544-00243838 We need blood immediately to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00635-00243838-00244188 treat her. if not, she would be in danger
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00636-00244240-00244473 Doctor! Doctor! Please help my wife
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00637-00244473-00244776 to overcome this situation
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00638-00244808-00244986 I beg you
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00639-00245016-00245256 Yes! Yes!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00640-00245256-00245580 So, I want one of your son to donate
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00641-00245598-00245898 his blood to help her immediately
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00642-00246186-00246332 I will do it.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00643-00246332-00246492 It's good if you do it now,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00644-00246492-00246800 because If we wait until the blood arrives, it would be late
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00645-00246821-00247040 Okay, It's good! Please come this way
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00646-00247058-00247380 Please help! Help her!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00647-00247380-00247628 May she overcome it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00648-00247742-00247908 She will be alright, father
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00649-00248454-00248730 Father, please calm down! She will be alright
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00650-00250004-00250110 Please don't cry!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00651-00251282-00251498 What is her name?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00652-00251800-00252017 I think we should call her Pisey
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00653-00252064-00252254 because SEY and SAK is similar
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00654-00252292-00252430 and I am her brother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00655-00252500-00252778 I don't give her name similar to yours
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00656-00252778-00252950 because you are too silly
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00657-00253021-00253269 I might call her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00658-00253338-00253438 LINDA
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00659-00253460-00253710 because your brother help me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00660-00253969-00254288 and our energy to give birth to her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00661-00254508-00254694 She looks pretty
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00662-00254744-00255026 You can give her to me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00663-00255121-00255367 because I and my wife don't have a child too
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00664-00255492-00255592 and you are old
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00665-00255634-00255940 you don't have to be exhausted because of it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00666-00255969-00256314 Right! He's right.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00667-00256366-00256608 Please allow us to raise her instead
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00668-00256646-00256782 because
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00669-00256844-00257167 you both are getting older and older
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00670-00257176-00257502 you don't have to worry about wake up at night to feed her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00671-00257502-00257644 something like this, mother
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00672-00257723-00258069 Mother! Mother! Don't give her!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00673-00258084-00258375 When she hasn't born, he wanted to kill her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00674-00258375-00258661 If you give her to him, what if he
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00675-00258700-00259014 kill her when he is angry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00676-00259171-00259434 You want her because she is cute, right?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00677-00259726-00259896 It's not like that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00678-00259952-00260052 Heh!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00679-00260108-00260373 We can take care of her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00680-00260373-00260696 If you love her,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00681-00260740-00260958 you can take her with you sometime
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00682-00261019-00261364 you might have one, right
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00683-00261812-00262102 Lin, Are you willing to accept her?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00684-00262136-00262236 Yes, mother!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00685-00262386-00262648 Don't hope that you can get her
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00686-00262656-00262948 our parents have a tough time until she
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00687-00262948-00263048 is born
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00688-00263126-00263226 you should
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00689-00263278-00263378 blame yourself
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00690-00263406-00263526 that you don't like our father
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00691-00263736-00263836 You are young and
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00692-00263868-00263968 silly
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00693-00264676-00264776 she is lovely
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00694-00264918-00265060 She doesn't cry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00695-00267254-00267462 Mother! I take her to the garden
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00696-00267462-00267534 Okay!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00697-00267534-00267840 Please take care of her. Here is her milk
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00698-00267840-00268126 Don't make her cry
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00699-00269078-00269240 I can't believe that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00700-00269274-00269514 we can overcome it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00701-00269562-00269912 I went through many gossiping and murmuring from
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00702-00269934-00270034 our neighbor and children
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00703-00270104-00270204 I sometimes couldn't handle it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00704-00270242-00270458 Finally, we can overcome it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00705-00270516-00270664 I almost can't believe myself
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00706-00270806-00270922 Hmm! Honey!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00707-00270958-00271306 We can't predict the future
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00708-00271312-00271552 so, we have to prepare ourselves to
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00709-00271552-00271784 accept it in any
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00710-00271784-00271982 circumstances
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00711-00271982-00272182 we have to persistence
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00712-00272230-00272488 If I don't have you,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00713-00272488-00272644 I couldn't handle it
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00714-00272756-00272862 Thank you, my dear!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00715-00272928-00273226 You always understand me since our first child until
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00716-00273226-00273326 our last one
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00717-00273502-00273842 Are you sure, she is the last one?
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00718-00274380-00274570 I am just kidding
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00719-00274622-00274922 You have to keep yourself healthy
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00720-00274936-00275036 so,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00721-00275130-00275230 our little girl will be strong
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00722-00275266-00275572 If anything happens,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00723-00275624-00275942 Please tell me. I always stay by your side
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00724-00276080-00276384 Don't be so sweet.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00725-00276474-00276778 Don't you know, you little child was born
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00726-00276814-00276996 because of your sweet words
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00727-00277080-00277342 Flashbak, If I hadn't had NIN,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00728-00277342-00277502 I don't know what would happen to me
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00729-00277922-00278092 Actually, NIN
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00730-00278176-00278466 was thinking about your safety.
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00731-00278466-00278678 That's why he came up with that idea
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00732-00278730-00278966 See! He wants a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00733-00278966-00279116 so much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00734-00279172-00279472 He has married years already but he hasn't had a child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00735-00279472-00279756 It seems like he was jealous. See! After our baby was born,
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00736-00279756-00280056 he wanted to ask to raise her as his child
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00737-00280208-00280370 SAK too!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00738-00280432-00280696 He always murmuring
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00739-00280696-00280930 to his brother but he loves his brother and little sister
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00740-00280930-00281170 so much
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00741-00281170-00281284 See!
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00742-00281440-00281714 I am so glad that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00743-00281736-00282006 they accept the fact that
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00744-00282046-00282240 I have a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00745-00282294-00282462 Naturally, as a human being
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00746-00282510-00282766 we can escape from the troubles
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00747-00282948-00283242 Problems always happen without
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00748-00283242-00283342 choosing anyone including their age
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00749-00283406-00283580 or skin color
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00750-00284008-00284338 Don't think way too complicated
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00751-00284338-00284616 Don't take something bad to your mind
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00752-00284648-00284846 We can overcome
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00753-00284880-00285116 a big problems already
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00754-00285128-00285384 and our family is full
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00755-00285384-00285566 of happiness right now
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00756-00286024-00286282 Every woman has a chance to have a baby
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00757-00286356-00286608 regardless their age
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00758-00286642-00286838 when those women have menstrual
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00759-00286898-00287200 Having a baby at an old age is not a mistake
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00760-00287200-00287518 but the method of taking care of pregnant women and unborn baby is way more important
Pa7DC-ugm9Y-00761-00287728-00287884 Old Pregnancy
PacZZJOupug-00000-00000000-00000389 I'd like to introduce myself, my name is William Vanderzyden,  I'm a math instructor at the
PacZZJOupug-00001-00000389-00000744 Odessa College and before my presentation begins, I want to say thank you
PacZZJOupug-00002-00000744-00001109 very much to our administration, this is a wonderful experience, y'all have created
PacZZJOupug-00003-00001109-00001355 for us.  Odessa College, where are we located?
PacZZJOupug-00004-00001355-00001914 We're in far west Texas, we were established in 1906 and we service roughly 33,000
PacZZJOupug-00005-00001914-00002250 square miles. To put that in context that's about the
PacZZJOupug-00006-00002250-00002775 size of the whole state of Indiana. We are a big area, we are 58 percent
PacZZJOupug-00007-00002775-00003254 Hispanics or a Hispanic serving Community College. At Odessa College this
PacZZJOupug-00008-00003254-00003675 is how we break up our semesters, we are eight week terms. We have two eight
PacZZJOupug-00009-00003675-00004061 week terms in the fall and two eight weeks in the spring. It provides us with
PacZZJOupug-00010-00004061-00004452 the advantages of being able to offer additional classes. There are some
PacZZJOupug-00011-00004452-00004968 disadvantages because the pace is quick and we have to be intentional with
PacZZJOupug-00012-00004968-00005378 everything we do. So some of the current challenges that we're experiencing in
PacZZJOupug-00013-00005378-00005817 our classrooms, instructors tend to be the focus of the lectures. The learning
PacZZJOupug-00014-00005817-00006387 will occur at varying paces and homework is usually done without any peer or
PacZZJOupug-00015-00006387-00006743 instructor support. Plus, the cost of the materials, we've heard them before
PacZZJOupug-00016-00006743-00007239 already in earlier presentations, the cost can be very, really a hard
PacZZJOupug-00017-00007239-00007586 thing for our students. Well, students need to be the focus of our attention
PacZZJOupug-00018-00007586-00008118 and there needs to be flexibility in the pacing of our classes and the support
PacZZJOupug-00019-00008118-00008661 needs to be regular and timely and we need to mitigate the cost of our
PacZZJOupug-00020-00008661-00009204 course materials and there needs to be an ability for us to give them more
PacZZJOupug-00021-00009204-00009693 timely feedback. Well what we did at Odessa College is we flipped our co-requisite
PacZZJOupug-00022-00009693-00010093 classrooms. I'm currently using Lumen OHM.
PacZZJOupug-00023-00010093-00010456 Lumen has been a very good partner with us and I'm using their OHM
PacZZJOupug-00024-00010456-00010966 platform. In this, the students are responsible for their own learning. The
PacZZJOupug-00025-00010966-00011593 focus of our class time shifts from instruction to application. The students
PacZZJOupug-00026-00011593-00011992 in OHM, what can they do? They can view course related materials and videos at
PacZZJOupug-00027-00011992-00012532 any time, they can focus on the concepts at home at their own pace.
PacZZJOupug-00028-00012532-00012978 They can take customized notes, they're not rushing through notes now, they
PacZZJOupug-00029-00012978-00013447 could sit and learn their notes and they can receive instant feedback in class
PacZZJOupug-00030-00013447-00013978 when they see me in class. The focus now is going to be on our students and
PacZZJOupug-00031-00013978-00014448 now I can focus on one-to-one or small groups with the students. The students
PacZZJOupug-00032-00014448-00014965 are supported now from all angles, from technology to general homework help
PacZZJOupug-00033-00014965-00015529 or anything that they may need. This creates a very dynamic environment. There
PacZZJOupug-00034-00015529-00015952 is still conversations in class but the conversations are focused about
PacZZJOupug-00035-00015952-00016612 mathematics. We let them, at home, we watch the videos and they take a few
PacZZJOupug-00036-00016612-00017091 introductory problems, I actually have them do an introductory problem for
PacZZJOupug-00037-00017091-00017563 credit in class, it's a grade in my class. When they come to class I want them to
PacZZJOupug-00038-00017563-00017959 have their notes all ready for me and I check on them.
PacZZJOupug-00039-00017959-00018442 We work on homework assignments in class. We collaborate in small groups for
PacZZJOupug-00040-00018442-00018856 better understanding and we re-watch videos and now the questions are more
PacZZJOupug-00041-00018856-00019315 geared toward misunderstandings or towards better questions in class, so I
PacZZJOupug-00042-00019315-00019779 can clear of any confusing topics. The classes we currently offer
PacZZJOupug-00043-00019779-00020311 right now are Math 1332 which is usually called Quantitative Reasoning, we
PacZZJOupug-00044-00020311-00020818 call it Contemporary Math, we offer College Algebra 1314, and Math 1324
PacZZJOupug-00045-00020818-00021259 is our co-requisite business math class. We also have the option for a stats
PacZZJOupug-00046-00021259-00021609 class, it's not that very great demand just yet
PacZZJOupug-00047-00021609-00022107 but we're hoping the demand will pick up. So the Lumen OHM platform has provided
PacZZJOupug-00048-00022107-00022434 me with many different learning modalities for our students, some of our
PacZZJOupug-00049-00022434-00022755 students learn better through videos, some of our students learn better from
PacZZJOupug-00050-00022755-00023256 reading, and so we have an online textbook that's been from Openstax and
PacZZJOupug-00051-00023256-00023790 we have online videos for the students to watch as well and the students must
PacZZJOupug-00052-00023790-00024195 complete the video lessons prior to showing up to class. So the online
PacZZJOupug-00053-00024195-00024609 textbook, what's in the online textbook? It's very good, it's from Openstax provided
PacZZJOupug-00054-00024609-00024954 through a Lumen link. The online textbook gives them the objectives of
PacZZJOupug-00055-00024954-00025467 the lesson. It also gives them drawings and diagrams and charts that they can
PacZZJOupug-00056-00025467-00025908 copy in their notes and also it gives them practice problems that they can do
PacZZJOupug-00057-00025908-00026391 in their notes. The video lessons, the videos are typically about 10 minutes
PacZZJOupug-00058-00026391-00026945 each. The video show the concepts, and they can stop the videos and rewind the
PacZZJOupug-00059-00026945-00027357 videos and go over the concepts that maybe they didn't understand. Some
PacZZJOupug-00060-00027357-00027692 lessons will have a few questions for the students to answer at the end of the
PacZZJOupug-00061-00027692-00028033 videos. Some of mine just have "Click here, did you watch the video?"
PacZZJOupug-00062-00028033-00028548 and I'm okay with that. But some of ours also have "Please complete this one lesson problem".
PacZZJOupug-00063-00028548-00028895 Now the students notes, when they walk into class these notes are expected to be
PacZZJOupug-00064-00028895-00029339 finished and the notes should be at least one page long. I never try to
PacZZJOupug-00065-00029339-00029637 dictate what a student's notes should look like because these are individual
PacZZJOupug-00066-00029637-00029970 to the students, but I want to make sure that they've at least put effort into
PacZZJOupug-00067-00029970-00030552 them. The students should take these notes as their "Homework". The informal
PacZZJOupug-00068-00030552-00030832 assessments such as homework assessments [phone buzzes]
PacZZJOupug-00069-00030832-00031289 I'm sorry that's not me, I'm sorry. I think somebody left their phone up here.
PacZZJOupug-00070-00031289-00031724 But the informal assessments, they are done now in class and any misconceptions
PacZZJOupug-00071-00031724-00032204 can now be discussed within the groups and what I usually ask them to do is
PacZZJOupug-00072-00032204-00032639 talk to each other before they ask any questions. So some of the pros and cons,
PacZZJOupug-00073-00032639-00033254 the students are almost 100% engaged, nobody is on their phone texting, nobody
PacZZJOupug-00074-00033254-00033740 is talking about last night's TV show, the classrooms are dynamic, we are all
PacZZJOupug-00075-00033740-00034202 working on math, it improves the critical thinking. The emphasis now becomes on
PacZZJOupug-00076-00034202-00034655 problem solving but the disadvantages? I need to get the students to buy in
PacZZJOupug-00077-00034655-00035132 originally and it does take a little bit of setup on the instructor's part but it's
PacZZJOupug-00078-00035132-00035681 management. So here's our results for our 1314 class which is our College Algebra
PacZZJOupug-00079-00035681-00036242 class. We had almost 1,600 students attempted the course, and almost 1,400
PacZZJOupug-00080-00036242-00036647 students pass. That's an eighty seven point five percent completion rate with
PacZZJOupug-00081-00036647-00037304 a C or better. Math 1332 is my class, 500 students, give or take, 400 pass. I'm
PacZZJOupug-00082-00037304-00037781 almost at an 80% and this is students who struggle with math that would
PacZZJOupug-00083-00037781-00038270 normally be in developmental courses and they're passing our courses with an 80%
PacZZJOupug-00084-00038270-00038909 and greater rate. Pleased if y'all have any questions any comments you want
PacZZJOupug-00085-00038909-00039395 to ask us anything there's all of our email addresses and there's our mailing
PacZZJOupug-00086-00039395-00039743 address, please, we'd love for you to ask us questions, and thank you very much
PacZZJOupug-00087-00039743-00040201 for your time.
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00000-00000152-00001144 hi guys good morning this is bob and i have had the intention for a few weeks and i think
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00001-00001144-00001704 i told you that every single morning i want to read something or listen to something
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00002-00001704-00002504 that motivates me for the day or inspires me or something and that i can then do a short video on
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00003-00002616-00003008 just to get my mind right so i think i've done that once
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00004-00003104-00003840 so it's still my intention i'm still trying to do it and i don't understand why things are so
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00005-00003840-00004624 difficult takes me about three days to get one day's work done and like i'm going full speed
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00006-00004704-00005424 but never getting anything done so i'm trying to shift gear hopefully we will see
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00007-00005424-00006080 some change in the tone and the frequency of the videos as i start getting things under control
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00008-00006264-00007304 so today i listened to a talk sent to me by otto x and it is brilliant it's about mindfulness
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00009-00007304-00007768 listen to it a couple of times and there are places where i definitely tune out
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00010-00007831-00008159 which i think means that it's it's beyond me a bit
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00011-00008256-00008880 so what i thought was that i would listen to it again write notes and then try and say it myself
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00012-00008960-00009640 so that's what this video is it's me trying to understand what benefits
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00013-00009848-00010400 there are in mindfulness i think i've said before how very important mindfulness
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00014-00010400-00011168 is to me and to everybody and so i'm trying to actually put it back into practice because i've
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00015-00011272-00012064 yeah i was really really good at it a couple of years ago but it things you know use it or lose it
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00016-00012064-00013024 if you don't do things they go away so mindfulness firstly we focus in on the present moment
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00017-00013136-00013896 this is because our actions in the present moment determine our suffering not just in
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00018-00013896-00014728 the present moment but also in the future so in mindfulness we check out what we're doing
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00019-00015016-00015880 in mindfulness there are two things that you do together one is that you have a focus on your body
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00020-00015880-00016520 and your breathing and the other is that you put aside the greed and the distress of the world
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00021-00016648-00017168 the only thing that really matters and that really exists in this moment is the brief
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00022-00017432-00017904 apparently the buddha said that suffering is caused by becoming
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00023-00018056-00018744 and it seems to me that becoming is a process where we look at ourselves what
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00024-00018744-00019936 we are and our identity and our progress i suppose and he says that in trying to become
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00025-00020032-00020776 we cause suffering but he also says paradoxically if you search for non-becoming
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00026-00020896-00021424 you also lead to becoming and therefore there is suffering
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00027-00021600-00022584 so the solution that buddha proposed was that we become aware of these things like becoming
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00028-00022656-00023680 as just processes not a big deal not something to to run after to chase after just processes
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00029-00023800-00024560 in becoming aware of these things you distance yourself from them and you become objective and
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00030-00024560-00025384 so you don't get trapped in the experiences of your life you be you are able to stay free
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00031-00025672-00026392 but it's a it's a process it's not something that you just get and there are three stages i think
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00032-00026504-00027352 i i understand three stages of mindfulness the first one so i think that these are in practice
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00033-00027352-00027912 i think that these are over time not in one mindfulness you go through all these processes
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00034-00027983-00028848 but over time you do these processes these these levels of mindfulness develop in you so originally
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00035-00028848-00029688 just getting started you are focusing on your breath and letting go of the world outside you
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00036-00029848-00030983 you talk to yourself you become aware of your mental processes and your internal conversation
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00037-00031039-00031792 you use at this stage you use the words or the concepts of i and me in reference to your breathe
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00038-00031792-00032920 and your state of mind but it's the eye of taking responsibility not the eye of selfishness
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00039-00033040-00033888 so you awakening the awareness of the eye and allowing your mind to be able to concentrate
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00040-00034056-00034584 you're awakening your sense of yourself so your mind can concentrate
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00041-00034688-00035240 and you're doing that by keeping track of your body but not getting left lost in your thoughts
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00042-00035488-00036304 and apparently this is the method where you find pleasure and rapture by seclusion
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00043-00036552-00037720 and then the step two is that we check out origination and death and the way we
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00044-00037720-00038640 are developing so i think origination refers to the processes that arise in the body and the mind
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00045-00038784-00039360 and i think that we are aware of these processes that develop in our body and mind
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00046-00039360-00040328 while we're doing mindfulness and we are able to manipulate our mind so therefore concentrate
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00047-00040440-00041232 on these processes that are arising in the body and in the mind and at this level we experience
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00048-00041232-00041936 the pleasure and rapture of concentration and i think i might have touched that occasionally
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00049-00042128-00043200 so in stage two we are aware of the flesh so that is pleasure and pain and neutral feelings
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00050-00043456-00044208 and we aim at having feelings that we ourselves manufacture
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00051-00044304-00045032 so there are feelings that come up out of your flesh experience but
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00052-00045168-00046192 there is the governing skill of mindfulness which gives you this concentration to manufacture within
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00053-00046192-00047168 yourself what you do not have isn't that brilliant isn't that fascinating that's so cool okay so
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00054-00047432-00048200 in doing that you change your approach from allowing your feelings to just come and go
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00055-00048296-00049280 and you catch onto the ideas and the thoughts and the feelings that you need in your life and in
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00056-00049280-00050320 this way your concentration leads to tranquility which allows your mind to settle and all the while
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00057-00050320-00051104 that this is happening you still are focusing in on your breath to allow these processes to happen
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00058-00051552-00052591 within yourself and to fabricate or manufacture or bring into being the things that you need which
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00059-00052679-00053384 is your insight so you're doing two things at once here you're concentrating on the breath
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00060-00053440-00053960 and stilling the mind and this gets us out of becoming
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00061-00054160-00054784 we're just sitting there watching what is happening and allowing it to pass
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00062-00054855-00055655 being very objective and dispassionate about ourselves and concentrating on this moment
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00063-00056064-00057191 then he says that there are there is a third level of mindfulness in which things become very solid
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00064-00057528-00058208 you have the awareness of the body and the awareness of the world that there
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00065-00058208-00059264 is a body and there is a world but you have no sensation of clinging to the world or to the body
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00066-00059440-00060791 and it said that within these three steps or three levels of mindfulness we go from the i or the me
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00067-00060791-00061544 of being responsible for what we're doing up to the third level where there is
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00068-00061544-00062464 no reference to the self or to the world we strip away all ideas of becoming or not becoming
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00069-00062664-00063479 the cravings that we have of the body or in the world can allow us to be blown around
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00070-00063664-00064384 and he mentions how if we're blown into something willy-nilly that can cause suffering
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00071-00064472-00064655 and he likens it to a fire
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00072-00064976-00065712 and he says the awareness of the breathe just the awareness of the breathe no attachment to it
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00073-00065808-00067040 leads to intimacy so isn't that interesting going away from yourself leads you into a state of being
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00074-00067040-00068352 really really intimate intimacy is awareness of events that are happening in a causal chain so you
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00075-00068440-00069192 you are able to see things that are happening and how that thing led on from another thing
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00076-00069432-00070256 and by having this awareness and this objectivity that he calls intimacy we are
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00077-00070256-00071400 able to make sure that we have less and less suffering in our lives but also after our death
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00078-00071576-00072352 so this intimate knowledge of the chain of events allows you to see your life
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00079-00072448-00073136 past your death maybe not your life see life because there's no reference to i then there's
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00080-00073136-00073968 just the awareness of what is so the awareness of the chain of events going through not just your
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00081-00073968-00075168 your present life but past life and in this way you can create actions which cause no suffering
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00082-00075536-00075784 well
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00083-00075864-00076352 that's how much i've understood right now i'm sure there's a lot more that i need to learn
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00084-00076440-00077072 however that's where i'm getting to so thank you very much indeed for listening
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00085-00077072-00077672 to me and bearing with me through this rather difficult search through this
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00086-00077840-00078584 incredible process i think difficult search because it's diff it's different to do it
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00087-00078720-00080024 than it is from understanding what you're doing so this is sort of this this is the next level of um
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00088-00080024-00080608 mastery that i'm searching for in mindfulness and i'm aware that i need
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00089-00080608-00081072 to go back to the beginning and actually do these things not just talk about them
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00090-00081304-00081832 and i think this is a part of what i'm doing is building up a framework
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00091-00081928-00082768 within my mind that allows me to enter into the practices anyway yeah thanks for listening
Pc2e2Z7vPEI-00092-00082768-00083632 thanks for being here thanks for helping me with this and i will see you again tomorrow bye
Pco-1eLGLKM-00000-00000025-00000211 Luke, how do you spell crocodile?
Pco-1eLGLKM-00001-00000223-00000710 K-R-O-K-E-A-I-L.
Pco-1eLGLKM-00002-00000802-00001151 No, that's wrong. Well, maybe it's wrong, but you ask how
Pco-1eLGLKM-00003-00001155-00001218 I spell it.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00000-00000240-00000589 One feature we enabled when we installed Akeeba Backup
PdqlFSwYfpc-00001-00000607-00000807 was called System Restore Points.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00002-00000888-00001088 So let's have a look at what that means
PdqlFSwYfpc-00003-00001183-00001245 To begin with
PdqlFSwYfpc-00004-00001261-00001418 go to Extensions
PdqlFSwYfpc-00005-00001515-00001658 and Extensions Manager
PdqlFSwYfpc-00006-00001779-00001979 Here we can see a message
PdqlFSwYfpc-00007-00002008-00002238 showing us that the Joomla
PdqlFSwYfpc-00008-00002253-00002421 extension installer
PdqlFSwYfpc-00009-00002429-00002629 has been enhanced by Akeeba Backup.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00010-00002679-00002879 This is for the System Restore Points.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00011-00003082-00003213 If we install
PdqlFSwYfpc-00012-00003219-00003549 a brand new extension for the first time
PdqlFSwYfpc-00013-00003566-00003786 you won't see any changes at all.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00014-00003811-00003989 The extension will install
PdqlFSwYfpc-00015-00003994-00004166 just as it did do previously.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00016-00004216-00004600 BUT if you are upgrading an extension
PdqlFSwYfpc-00017-00004675-00004985 then Akeeba Backup's enhanced installer
PdqlFSwYfpc-00018-00005021-00005354 will create what is called a System Restore Point first.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00019-00005479-00005679 So that if something goes wrong
PdqlFSwYfpc-00020-00005682-00005950 with the upgrade of that extension
PdqlFSwYfpc-00021-00005974-00006131 we are able to roll back.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00022-00006192-00006330 So let's have a look.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00023-00006380-00006517 I am going to update one of the
PdqlFSwYfpc-00024-00006517-00006717 plugins I have installed on this site.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00025-00006823-00006984 Here I am upgrading a plugin
PdqlFSwYfpc-00026-00007000-00007119 called Coming Soon
PdqlFSwYfpc-00027-00007131-00007331 to version 2.5.3.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00028-00007434-00007566 If I select Open
PdqlFSwYfpc-00029-00007579-00007779 and click Upload and Install
PdqlFSwYfpc-00030-00007866-00008096 The installer detected that I already
PdqlFSwYfpc-00031-00008095-00008252 had this plugin installed
PdqlFSwYfpc-00032-00008302-00008570 and is creating a System Restore Point.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00033-00008620-00008848 A backup of the files
PdqlFSwYfpc-00034-00008849-00009240 and database tables related to that specific extension.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00035-00009308-00009508 Once the backup is complete
PdqlFSwYfpc-00036-00009558-00009837 the extension will install just as it would do normally.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00037-00010000-00010344 Now that that has happened we can go ahead and use the extension
PdqlFSwYfpc-00038-00010422-00010739 BUT if something went wrong and we want to roll back
PdqlFSwYfpc-00039-00010789-00011061 we can go to our Akeeba Backup Control Panel
PdqlFSwYfpc-00040-00011111-00011311 and click on Manage Backups.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00041-00011493-00011756 Here we can see a tab called Restore Points
PdqlFSwYfpc-00042-00011971-00012249 and here we can see that a Restore Point was created
PdqlFSwYfpc-00043-00012273-00012473 for the installation of that plugin
PdqlFSwYfpc-00044-00012666-00012810 and here is a button
PdqlFSwYfpc-00045-00012822-00013022 offering us the opportunity to roll back
PdqlFSwYfpc-00046-00013030-00013185 to that previous release.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00047-00013235-00013435 If we click on it.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00048-00013584-00013705 Then Akeeba Backup
PdqlFSwYfpc-00049-00013721-00014051 will offer us the opportunity to restore the previous release.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00050-00014090-00014347 We can do that by clicking on Start Restoration.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00051-00014639-00014797 Once that's complete
PdqlFSwYfpc-00052-00014814-00014955 click on the Control Panel
PdqlFSwYfpc-00053-00014971-00015208 and the extension that you had upgraded
PdqlFSwYfpc-00054-00015222-00015537 has now been rolled back to the previous version.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00055-00015634-00015943 If you do not want to enable the System Restore feature
PdqlFSwYfpc-00056-00015977-00016121 Go to Extension
PdqlFSwYfpc-00057-00016196-00016330 and Plugin Manager
PdqlFSwYfpc-00058-00016441-00016641 search for Restore
PdqlFSwYfpc-00059-00016974-00017246 and here you can see the System Restore Points plugin.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00060-00017281-00017417 Select it
PdqlFSwYfpc-00061-00017467-00017625 set it to be Disabled
PdqlFSwYfpc-00062-00017649-00017849 and Save and Close.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00063-00017921-00018139 Now if you go to the Extensions Manager
PdqlFSwYfpc-00064-00018172-00018421 you can see that we are back to the core
PdqlFSwYfpc-00065-00018471-00018612 extension installer
PdqlFSwYfpc-00066-00018635-00018835 and no System Restore Points will be taken.
PdqlFSwYfpc-00067-00019005-00019147 System Restore Points
PdqlFSwYfpc-00068-00019169-00019369 is a very powerful feature
PdqlFSwYfpc-00069-00019378-00019578 available in Akeeba Backup Professional.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00000-00000000-00000206 - Hello everybody, it's Dr. Eric DiMartino
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00001-00000206-00000513 from DiMartino Chiropractic in Chesterfield,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00002-00000513-00000732 and today we're talking about low back pain
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00003-00000732-00000924 and the different causes of it.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00004-00000924-00001190 Low back pain is a huge epidemic in our country.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00005-00001190-00001464 Approximately 80% of all Americans will experience
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00006-00001464-00001647 low back pain at some point in their life.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00007-00001647-00001810 So it's very very common.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00008-00001810-00002123 So today we're gonna talk about what can actually cause it.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00009-00002123-00002320 So, in order to understand that, we gotta know a little bit
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00010-00002320-00002591 about the basic anatomy of our spine.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00011-00002591-00002869 So our spine has a really really really important job.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00012-00002869-00003164 It surrounds and it protects our nervous system.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00013-00003164-00003410 So our nervous system consists of three parts.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00014-00003410-00003636 Got your brain up here, the brain connects
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00015-00003636-00003913 to the spinal cord that goes down inside the spine.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00016-00003913-00004159 Then a spinal cord branches off to form these nerves,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00017-00004159-00004345 and these nerves go out and connect to and control
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00018-00004345-00004647 every single organ, muscle and tissue in our body.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00019-00004647-00004935 So, as you probably know, the brain controls everything,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00020-00004935-00005125 and it does that by sending electrical signals
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00021-00005125-00005492 down the spinal cord, out these nerves to make things work.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00022-00005492-00005671 For example, the nerves in the upper part of your neck
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00023-00005671-00006004 control things like your eyes, your sinuses, your ears.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00024-00006004-00006194 These nerves in the base of your neck control things
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00025-00006194-00006523 like your arms, your hands, your thyroid gland.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00026-00006523-00006750 This one controls the heart, this one the lungs,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00027-00006750-00007137 the stomach, the bowels, the legs, so on and so forth.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00028-00007137-00007368 And so like we said the spine's job is to surround and
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00029-00007368-00007534 protect these nerves.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00030-00007534-00007772 So if our spine is healthy, that means it's in proper
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00031-00007772-00007964 alignment and it's moving normally.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00032-00007964-00008204 And when that happens, these holes where the nerves come
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00033-00008204-00008441 out are wide open, the nerves are protected,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00034-00008441-00008646 everything works great, we're healthy.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00035-00008646-00008814 Unfortunately life beats us up.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00036-00008814-00009138 Whether it's big things like car accidents, sports injuries,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00037-00009138-00009435 falls, or even little things like bad posture,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00038-00009435-00009738 sitting too much, you know lifting improperly.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00039-00009738-00009944 These things would cause a stress to the spine
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00040-00009944-00010134 and then cause the bones to either go out of alignment,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00041-00010134-00010253 or to lock up.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00042-00010253-00010615 When that happens, it will cause irritation to these nerves
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00043-00010615-00010754 coming out of the spine.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00044-00010754-00011009 You might have heard of the term pinched nerve before.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00045-00011009-00011222 Well that's exactly what can happen to the nerve.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00046-00011222-00011439 The nerve either gets pinched by the bone directly,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00047-00011439-00011689 or there's inflammation that begins, it swells up
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00048-00011689-00011835 and it irritates the nerve.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00049-00011835-00011924 And as a result then,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00050-00011924-00012148 that nerve is just not gonna function properly.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00051-00012148-00012312 So in our body part that nerves controls
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00052-00012312-00012437 is gonna have issues.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00053-00012437-00012611 So if that nerve is going to up in the upper part
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00054-00012611-00012801 of your head you might get headaches, you might get
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00055-00012801-00012957 sinus problems, dizziness.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00056-00012957-00013088 If it's going to your lower back,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00057-00013088-00013232 you might get low back pain,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00058-00013232-00013443 you might get pain or numbness down your legs,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00059-00013443-00013587 you might even get bowel issues.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00060-00013587-00013886 But today we're specifically talking about low back pain.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00061-00013886-00014085 So whenever we get one of these misalignments,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00062-00014085-00014219 we actually have a technical word for it.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00063-00014219-00014397 It's called a subluxation,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00064-00014397-00014694 just a big word for bones out of place or locked up,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00065-00014694-00014940 irritating nerves and causing problems.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00066-00014940-00015222 So what happens is, commonly we do something we shouldn't
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00067-00015222-00015563 and it causes these bones to either shift or lock up.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00068-00015563-00015837 When that happens, three things are gonna be affected.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00069-00015837-00015943 The first thing that's gonna happen
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00070-00015943-00016219 is this joint kind of you know becomes slightly damaged.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00071-00016219-00016399 And when that happens there's gonna be swelling.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00072-00016399-00016661 Any time you injure a joint like if you sprain your ankle,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00073-00016661-00016773 you're gonna get swelling.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00074-00016773-00017004 The same thing happens in the joints of your spine.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00075-00017004-00017341 So that swelling alone can cause localized discomfort
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00076-00017341-00017463 in your low back.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00077-00017463-00017717 The second thing that happens is these muscles that attach
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00078-00017717-00017967 to your spine become kinda stretched or strained
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00079-00017967-00018100 and they can spasm.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00080-00018100-00018289 And when you get a muscle spasm, it locks up
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00081-00018289-00018396 and it's very painful.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00082-00018396-00018578 And those of you who've experienced know exactly
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00083-00018578-00018699 what I'm talking about.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00084-00018699-00018883 And the third thing that can happen is the nerve
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00085-00018883-00019019 itself can become pinched.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00086-00019019-00019244 Either by the bone directly, or by the swelling
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00087-00019244-00019337 around the joint.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00088-00019337-00019493 And when you pinch a nerve like I said,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00089-00019493-00019620 it's, whatever that nerve's controlling
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00090-00019620-00019768 is not gonna function properly.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00091-00019768-00020002 Sometimes that'll cause just a localized low back pain,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00092-00020002-00020250 or it can affect any of the other areas as well.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00093-00020250-00020512 And so, whenever we do an evaluation with a patient,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00094-00020512-00020705 our key is to kind of zone in on
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00095-00020705-00020906 exactly what is causing the problem.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00096-00020906-00021035 It's gonna be one of those three.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00097-00021035-00021319 Swelling in the joint, tight muscles or muscle spasms,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00098-00021319-00021488 or pinched nerves, or commonly
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00099-00021488-00021690 it's a combination of all three.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00100-00021690-00021823 And so we do a thorough examination
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00101-00021823-00022069 through some orthopedic tests, some range of motion tests,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00102-00022069-00022366 and even X-rays allow us to pinpoint exactly what's
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00103-00022366-00022515 causing the low back problem.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00104-00022515-00022692 So we know exactly the best course of treatment
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00105-00022692-00022845 to help that person.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00106-00022845-00023055 So if you or anybody you know is suffering
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00107-00023055-00023232 from any low back issues,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00108-00023232-00023352 we'd be happy to help.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00109-00023352-00023597 You can simply click the button below,
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00110-00023597-00023762 it'll send you to a link where you can access
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00111-00023762-00023963 our new patient special offer.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00112-00023963-00024264 Hope you guys enjoyed this and I hope you have a great day.
Pfl6Fr-4Xko-00113-00024264-00024598 (cheerful guitar music)
PfzG2CiImt0-00000-00000016-00000720 (applause) yes hi! I  missed you guys, hi thank you! Thank you so- stop! You're all too kind! We're back,
PfzG2CiImt0-00001-00000720-00001264 we're back, I missed you all so much. Hello!  And welcome back to Dapper History, it's
PfzG2CiImt0-00002-00001264-00001792 been a while but, I'm finally back and I'm going to tell you about the parts of history
PfzG2CiImt0-00003-00001792-00002208 that are really interesting that you probably haven't heard about. But before we get into that,
PfzG2CiImt0-00004-00002208-00002680 um, I can't believe I'm saying this but story time! So I actually have a job in real life outside of
PfzG2CiImt0-00005-00002680-00003112 embarrassing myself on the internet, I work in the medical field, which is very fitting for today's
PfzG2CiImt0-00006-00003112-00003560 episode. So recently at work I was sitting with a co-worker things had slowed down so we like had a
PfzG2CiImt0-00007-00003560-00003686 chance to breathe. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00008-00003686-00003936 Tell me why this dude looked me in the eye and said:
PfzG2CiImt0-00009-00003936-00004286 "Oh! Julia, I saw you on youtube!"
PfzG2CiImt0-00010-00004286-00005184 (Hellish sounds of the tortured screaming of the forever damned)
PfzG2CiImt0-00011-00005192-00005680 When I tell you that I have never been closer to quitting and changing my entire identity.
PfzG2CiImt0-00012-00005680-00006040 Luckily he had just seen one of the Dapper History videos so it was all fine and he
PfzG2CiImt0-00013-00006040-00006431 like thought it was funny whatever. Anyway so I've just been taking about a month to
PfzG2CiImt0-00014-00006431-00006688 recover from that traumatic experience.
PfzG2CiImt0-00015-00006688-00006888 (Matilda meows)  Look who joined us! 
PfzG2CiImt0-00016-00006888-00007006 (More Applause) It's Tilly again!
PfzG2CiImt0-00017-00007006-00007488 (Slide whistle sound effect) Anyway, speaking of the medical field, that's where today's topic takes place.
PfzG2CiImt0-00018-00007488-00008008 When I say "Dapper History" I'm using that term lightly because this is actually a very recent story.
PfzG2CiImt0-00019-00008008-00008464 So recent in fact that it's still ongoing at the time that I'm recording this video. So today I will
PfzG2CiImt0-00020-00008464-00008904 be telling you the story of Theranos, one of the most costly scams in the history of the field
PfzG2CiImt0-00021-00008904-00009405 of medicine, but before we get into that we need to talk about the woman behind all of it. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00022-00009405-00009700 That's right, we're doing another #Girl Boss episode! We're doing it! 
PfzG2CiImt0-00023-00009700-00009950 This is the story of Elizabeth Holmes.
PfzG2CiImt0-00024-00009950-00010336 (Funky, distorted version of 'Totally Nude' by the Wallets plays) Title card reads "Elizabeth Holmes"
PfzG2CiImt0-00025-00010336-00010676 Elizabeth Holmes was born February 3rd 1984. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00026-00010676-00010960 An Aquarius... That explains a lot.
PfzG2CiImt0-00027-00010960-00011360 Her parents were very powerful people and so from a young age she wanted to be
PfzG2CiImt0-00028-00011360-00011784 powerful too. From a very young age when asked about what she wanted to be when she grew up
PfzG2CiImt0-00029-00011784-00012248 Elizabeth would say things like "I want to be an inventor, I want to be a billionaire, I want to be
PfzG2CiImt0-00030-00012248-00012776 a Silicon Valley mogul!" She wanted to change the world and she had the drive (whispering) and the parents money,
PfzG2CiImt0-00031-00012776-00013256 to do it. Elizabeth had an uncle who she was close to who was a very important part of her life from
PfzG2CiImt0-00032-00013256-00013760 a very young age, but tragically he was diagnosed with skin cancer, which then spread to his brain
PfzG2CiImt0-00033-00013760-00014208 and progressed into bone cancer. It was too late to treat him and he unfortunately passed away.
PfzG2CiImt0-00034-00014208-00014680 This devastating event obviously had an impact on Elizabeth. Years later in the future Elizabeth
PfzG2CiImt0-00035-00014680-00015176 would say that her uncle was one of her biggest motivations and the devastating loss of him
PfzG2CiImt0-00036-00015176-00015688 made her want to invent something that would make less people have to say goodbye so soon.
PfzG2CiImt0-00037-00015688-00016128 Now I've noticed that when people talk about the train wreck that Theranos eventually became, they
PfzG2CiImt0-00038-00016128-00016576 very rarely talk about the story with her uncle. And I understand that it's not exactly relevant to
PfzG2CiImt0-00039-00016576-00017032 later events but I think that it's a very crucial detail in this story. Here in the United States
PfzG2CiImt0-00040-00017032-00017480 where we don't have free health care it's kind of become the norm for people to put off seeking help
PfzG2CiImt0-00041-00017480-00018032 for, like medical problems because it's just so expensive. And aside from just the astronomical
PfzG2CiImt0-00042-00018032-00018560 cost there's other reasons why people here don't go to doctors. People of color specifically black
PfzG2CiImt0-00043-00018560-00019180 women experience such disparities in treatment that many of them simply don't trust doctors tohelp them.
PfzG2CiImt0-00044-00019180-00019624 Almost every person that I know has some horror story about either themselves or a loved
PfzG2CiImt0-00045-00019624-00020112 one being failed by the health care system being let down by it being given a wrong diagnosis and
PfzG2CiImt0-00046-00020112-00020664 wasting all of their money. I actually lost my Grandpa a few years ago to pancreatic cancer. Um,
PfzG2CiImt0-00047-00020664-00021168 it was discovered too late to treat it, after he went through years and years of false diagnosis
PfzG2CiImt0-00048-00021168-00021648 and a lot of pain. When Elizabeth showed up on the scene and proposed Theranos she was speaking
PfzG2CiImt0-00049-00021648-00022192 directly to the experiences and trauma of millions of people, specifically in the United States. Did it
PfzG2CiImt0-00050-00022192-00022776 sound unrealistic and lofty? Sure but what if it was possible? What if people who come after us
PfzG2CiImt0-00051-00022776-00023328 won't have to go through what we went through? What if one woman is actually able to change the world?
PfzG2CiImt0-00052-00023328-00023743 (Funky Music) Title card reads: "She Wasn't lmao"
PfzG2CiImt0-00053-00023743-00024248 In 2004 Elizabeth dropped out of Stanford and used her parents money to make her own company
PfzG2CiImt0-00054-00024248-00024680 called Real-Time Cures. It was here where she came up with the idea of inventing a machine that would
PfzG2CiImt0-00055-00024680-00025216 be able to run blood tests with just a drop of blood rather than a large blood draw. This was
PfzG2CiImt0-00056-00025216-00025736 actually inspired by her own fear of using needles. Okay so this is very ambitious already right?
PfzG2CiImt0-00057-00025736-00026264 Especially for someone who has no experience in the medical field. Oh but our girl was not done yet.
PfzG2CiImt0-00058-00026264-00026744 This thing was not just going to run one test, this was going to run all the tests. You can think of it
PfzG2CiImt0-00059-00026744-00027327 they're gonna test your blood for it. Cancer, HIV, herpes, your blood sugar, high cholesterol, it'll
PfzG2CiImt0-00060-00027327-00027704 even screen you for ailments that you don't have yet and let you know if you're at risk for them.
PfzG2CiImt0-00061-00027704-00028176 It'll tell you your 23andme results, it'll tell you which Sailor Scout you are. I'm only kind of
PfzG2CiImt0-00062-00028176-00028576 exaggerating right now! She pitched this idea to every medical professional who would listen to
PfzG2CiImt0-00063-00028576-00029104 her and they all told her the same thing which is: "Bestie, this is not fucking possible. We don't have
PfzG2CiImt0-00064-00029104-00029520 the technology to run even one of these tests with just one drop of blood, how would we run
PfzG2CiImt0-00065-00029520-00029870 all of them?" Looks like the Girl Boss (dramatic pause)
PfzG2CiImt0-00066-00029870-00030127 Is the one getting Gatekept. (Musical sting)
PfzG2CiImt0-00067-00030127-00030551 Since science had failed her, Elizabeth returned to something that she knew would work. Nepotism.
PfzG2CiImt0-00068-00030551-00031032 She scheduled lunch with Tim Draper, a family friend. And after explaining to him the idea of Theranos,
PfzG2CiImt0-00069-00031032-00031440 He wrote her a check for a million dollars on the spot
PfzG2CiImt0-00070-00031440-00031768 I'm not joking. This is why I hate silicon valley people, I feel
PfzG2CiImt0-00071-00031768-00031988 like they have no idea what money is. it's an idea my daughter's friend told me what could it cost a
PfzG2CiImt0-00072-00031988-00032350 (Lucille Bluth voice) It's an idea my daughter's friend told me, what could it cost, a million dollars?
PfzG2CiImt0-00073-00032350-00032733 Elizabeth rented some lab space and got to work pitching Theranos for all it wasworth.
PfzG2CiImt0-00074-00032733-00033288 I want to remind you that at this point they did not have the technology to actually make thishappen.
PfzG2CiImt0-00075-00033288-00033752 That didn't stop our girl from crowdfunding her heart out. By the end of 2004 Theranos had six
PfzG2CiImt0-00076-00033752-00034192 million dollars in investments and that number just kept going up. Remember we're talking about
PfzG2CiImt0-00077-00034192-00034696 an invention that's going to change the world, everyone wanted in on this, from the Silicon Valley
PfzG2CiImt0-00078-00034696-00035224 moguls to the Wall Street bitches. Everyone was investing in it. And against all odds it looked like Theranos
PfzG2CiImt0-00079-00035224-00035698 was keeping its promises, as they had successful test results to show for their research. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00080-00035698-00035983 (Whispering) Keep this in mind, we're coming back to this later.
PfzG2CiImt0-00081-00035983-00036368 With this new success, they were able to start SELLING blood tests
PfzG2CiImt0-00082-00036368-00036703 to the public, to real people to test their blood.
PfzG2CiImt0-00083-00036703-00037070 KEEP THIS IN MIND TOO. We are coming back to it.
PfzG2CiImt0-00084-00037070-00037504 At this point any rational person would say "Liz, this is all moving a little bit too fast. Someone
PfzG2CiImt0-00085-00037504-00037848 needs to pump the brakes or else we're all going to get in trouble." But there's one more detail
PfzG2CiImt0-00086-00037848-00038315 about Elizabeth that I haven't told you yet. The only thing she liked more than power... 
PfzG2CiImt0-00087-00038315-00038560 ...was attention. (Money Money Money by ABBA starts playing)
PfzG2CiImt0-00088-00038560-00038941 Title card reads: "Elizabeth on Parade"
PfzG2CiImt0-00089-00038941-00039376 (Newswoman speaking) A healthcare pioneer is being compared to visionaries like Bill Gates and Steve
PfzG2CiImt0-00090-00039376-00039792 Jobs. Her innovation has made Holmes the world's youngest female self-made billionaire.
PfzG2CiImt0-00091-00039792-00040000 (Beat Drops)
PfzG2CiImt0-00092-00040000-00041248 (Sinister Girl Boss montage music continues)
PfzG2CiImt0-00093-00041263-00041832 By 2014 people could not stop talking about Elizabeth, and she was loving it. She was on
PfzG2CiImt0-00094-00041832-00042312 the cover of Fortune, Forbes, Inc, and so many other magazines. Forbes recognized her as the
PfzG2CiImt0-00095-00042312-00042770 youngest female self-made billionaire ever. She was even named Woman of the Year by Glamour.
PfzG2CiImt0-00096-00042770-00043406 And best of all around this time Elizabeth had to do a lot of interviews. And oh boy, did she love doinginterviews.
PfzG2CiImt0-00097-00043406-00043864 I guess now's as good a time as ever to talk about how weird Elizabeth was in her personal
PfzG2CiImt0-00098-00043864-00044456 life and in her work life. She ran Theranos in this really excessively secretive way she would even
PfzG2CiImt0-00099-00044456-00044733 fire employees who she heard were saying too much. can you tell us a secret i don't have many secrets
PfzG2CiImt0-00100-00044733-00045143 (Interviewer) Can you tell us a secret? (Elizabeth) I don't have many secrets.
PfzG2CiImt0-00101-00045143-00045288 (Blaring Alarms)
PfzG2CiImt0-00102-00045288-00045608 Any visitors who came to the headquarters would have to sign a non-disclosure agreement, and
PfzG2CiImt0-00103-00045608-00046024 they were followed around by security everywhere, including to the bathroom. She was also insane when
PfzG2CiImt0-00104-00046024-00046456 it came to her employees. She would keep track of the time that everyone showed up and the time that
PfzG2CiImt0-00105-00046456-00046920 they went home because she believed that everyone should be working as hard as she is obviously.
PfzG2CiImt0-00106-00046920-00047533 (Nicki Minaj) You know what inspires me? Fearlessness. Drive. I hate lazy people. Barbs stay in school. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00107-00047533-00048136 Okay, let's talk about it. Let's talk about the Steve Jobs shit. Elizabeth was obsessed with Steve Jobs
PfzG2CiImt0-00108-00048136-00048640 and would just try to be him in every way. She never took vacations because Steve never did
PfzG2CiImt0-00109-00048640-00049152 her office was decorated exactly the way that Steve did. And most obviously she always wore a
PfzG2CiImt0-00110-00049152-00049608 black turtleneck because that's what he's best known for wearing. But then she took this black
PfzG2CiImt0-00111-00049608-00049823 turtleneck thing and ran with it saying that like oh i've always worn black turtlenecks this
PfzG2CiImt0-00112-00049823-00050030 (Mocking Elizabeth Holmes voice) Oh I've ALWAYS worn black turtlenecks. This has
PfzG2CiImt0-00113-00050030-00050337 always been my style. It's all I've ever worn. Even when I was younger. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00114-00050337-00050898 Even though it takes like 2 seconds of googling to see that when she was younger she didn't regularly wear turtlenecks.
PfzG2CiImt0-00115-00050898-00051376 I also found it interesting that she chose Steve Jobs as the person she wanted to idolize, when
PfzG2CiImt0-00116-00051376-00051872 he was notoriously abusive to his employees and generally regarded as a terrible person.
PfzG2CiImt0-00117-00051872-00052143 But hey, he was successful right? That's all that matters.
PfzG2CiImt0-00118-00052143-00052500 (X-Files theme plays) OKAY hold the phone. Hold. The. Phone.
PfzG2CiImt0-00119-00052500-00053130 I apologize for derailing my own video but I just discovered something and i will not be silenced onit.
PfzG2CiImt0-00120-00053130-00053432 So I was googling, trying to find this article that I had read because I was going to use it as
PfzG2CiImt0-00121-00053432-00053840 a source. For those of you who don't know I always put my sources in the description, so if you want
PfzG2CiImt0-00122-00053840-00054208 to see where I got the information it's down there. The article I was looking for was the one I had
PfzG2CiImt0-00123-00054208-00054720 read about how Steve Jobs was very abusive to his employees and just like made a very toxic work
PfzG2CiImt0-00124-00054720-00055264 environment and was a really bad boss. It should also be noted, that I was looking this up on a
PfzG2CiImt0-00125-00055264-00056120 MACBOOK PRO. An APPLE PRODUCT, okay? Steve Job's baby. Tell me why the suggested results when I typed in
PfzG2CiImt0-00126-00056120-00056640 "Steve Jobs employees" were: How does Steve Jobs motivate his employees, Steve Jobs empowering
PfzG2CiImt0-00127-00056640-00057016 employees, Steve Jobs rewarding employees, how did Steve Jobs reward his employees,
PfzG2CiImt0-00128-00057016-00057544 how did Steve Jobs empower his employees. All of these suggested results are obviously positive
PfzG2CiImt0-00129-00057544-00057984 and meant to lead someone who just happened to be googling this to the conclusion that Steve Jobs
PfzG2CiImt0-00130-00057984-00058504 must have been a really, like inspiring encouraging boss. Could it be that on Apple products when you
PfzG2CiImt0-00131-00058504-00059032 google things about Steve Jobs, it's not that it like suppresses information, but it suggests
PfzG2CiImt0-00132-00059032-00059520 positive information before you like get the whole story. I don't know, I just made this discovery, I
PfzG2CiImt0-00133-00059520-00060000 thought it was interesting. If I get murdered after this video comes out it was not an accident it was
PfzG2CiImt0-00134-00060000-00060479 Elizabeth Holmes defending Steve's honor. But the cherry on top of this compulsively lying cake was
PfzG2CiImt0-00135-00060479-00061096 her voice. In those dozens of interviews that she did, Elizabeth would always speak in this very low
PfzG2CiImt0-00136-00061096-00061546 baritone voice, and would speak very slowly and deliberately.
PfzG2CiImt0-00137-00061546-00061976 (Elizabeth speaking, pausing between phrases) I believe... the individual...
PfzG2CiImt0-00138-00061976-00062348 is the answer... to the challenges of health care. and i'm not bringing this up to make fun of women with
PfzG2CiImt0-00139-00062348-00062627 And I'm not bringing this up to make fun of women with deep voices, 
PfzG2CiImt0-00140-00062627-00063000 I have a kind of deep voice myself, I'm bringing this up because like every other part of
PfzG2CiImt0-00141-00063000-00063512 her persona this was faked! She would force her voice to be deeper while talking in interviews,
PfzG2CiImt0-00142-00063512-00063936 and you could sometimes hear moments where she like almost broke character and her voice
PfzG2CiImt0-00143-00063936-00064416 got a little bit higher. People always noted that after she took a sip of her drink her voice would
PfzG2CiImt0-00144-00064416-00064824 be a little bit higher, and then it would drop lower very abruptly. Or like as she was talking
PfzG2CiImt0-00145-00064824-00065128 as she was kind of running out of breath her voice would sort of go back to normal
PfzG2CiImt0-00146-00065128-00065500 (sharp inhale) and then it would abruptly drop back down again. It's just so weird to hear
PfzG2CiImt0-00147-00065500-00065741 it's like listening to a soprano trying to sing alto.
PfzG2CiImt0-00148-00065741-00066239 And she did all this because... (confused pause) I could not fuckin' tell ya.
PfzG2CiImt0-00149-00066239-00066528 There's a lot of speculation on why she decided to talk like this,
PfzG2CiImt0-00150-00066528-00066912 some say that it was so that she would sound more authoritative and masculine and commanding
PfzG2CiImt0-00151-00066912-00067303 of attention. Some even say that it was so that she would sound more like Jeff Bezos- 
PfzG2CiImt0-00152-00067303-00067500 (laughing) Nope. Wrong bald guy.
PfzG2CiImt0-00153-00067500-00067928 So that she would sound more like Steve Jobs, that's it. But for whatever reason she did it her
PfzG2CiImt0-00154-00067928-00068392 voice is one of the most striking things about her to the point that even years later people
PfzG2CiImt0-00155-00068392-00068880 can't stop talking about it. And for good reason I can't think of one other person who I've seen
PfzG2CiImt0-00156-00068880-00069472 consistently try to fake their voice like that. It's just that every single aspect of her identity
PfzG2CiImt0-00157-00069472-00070232 was faked or borrowed or exaggerated in some way so that she could play this ideal silicon valley
PfzG2CiImt0-00158-00070232-00070664 genius that she had spent years designing in her own mind. But I think you know what's coming next
PfzG2CiImt0-00159-00070664-00071360 in this story the facade unfortunately could not last. For alas, they hate to see a girl boss winning.
PfzG2CiImt0-00160-00071360-00071744 (Funky Music) Title card reads: "The blood on her hands"
PfzG2CiImt0-00161-00071744-00072136 (Mystery music) In 2015 John Carreyrou, an investigative journalist for the Wall Street Journal
PfzG2CiImt0-00162-00072136-00072640 received a tip that something about Theranos's testing was fishy. He talked to former employees
PfzG2CiImt0-00163-00072640-00073040 even obtaining private company documents on their lab results. And in October of that
PfzG2CiImt0-00164-00073040-00073504 year Carreyrou published an article revealing the truth: Theranos's devices were regularly giving
PfzG2CiImt0-00165-00073504-00073960 inaccurate results, and the accurate test data that they had been showing off was actually obtained
PfzG2CiImt0-00166-00073960-00074500 using commercially available machines. You know, the kind of machines that Theranos was supposedreplacing.
PfzG2CiImt0-00167-00074500-00074784 But Elizabeth continued to gaslight and gatekeep calling the journal
PfzG2CiImt0-00168-00074784-00075304 "a tabloid." When asked about it on CNBC, she said "This is what happens when you work to
PfzG2CiImt0-00169-00075304-00075736 change things. First they think you're crazy, then they fight you, and then all of a sudden
PfzG2CiImt0-00170-00075736-00076152 you change the world." But at this point it was too late. People were losing faith in Elizabeth
PfzG2CiImt0-00171-00076152-00076688 and Theranos was not able to withstand an actual investigation. For the next few years it was one
PfzG2CiImt0-00172-00076688-00077184 blow after another until Elizabeth was completely stripped of all of her previous accolades.Oh yeah!
PfzG2CiImt0-00173-00077184-00077824 um, Remember earlier when I told you that Theranos started selling blood tests to the general public?
PfzG2CiImt0-00174-00077824-00078288 This is my dramatic reenactment of what I think the people who bought blood tests from Theranos
PfzG2CiImt0-00175-00078288-00078649 looked like when they heard the news. Pretend this is a newspaper or something. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00176-00078649-00079051 Ah man, that's too bad. I guess it really did sound too good to betrue.
PfzG2CiImt0-00177-00079051-00079251 It's always the crooked CEOs, isn't it? 
PfzG2CiImt0-00178-00079696-00080000 Wait a second. She has my blood.
PfzG2CiImt0-00179-00080000-00080620 That woman has my blood and I don't know what she used it for, or what she's currently doing with it.
PfzG2CiImt0-00180-00080620-00080691 WHAT THE FU-
PfzG2CiImt0-00181-00080691-00081331 In 2017 Theranos was sued by the state of Arizona for allegedly selling 1.5 million blood tests
PfzG2CiImt0-00182-00081331-00081772 to the general public, while misrepresenting information about these tests to the customers.
PfzG2CiImt0-00183-00081772-00082282 Finally in 2018, Elizabeth and her business partnerwere indicted for NINE COUNTS of wire fraud
PfzG2CiImt0-00184-00082282-00082730 and two counts of conspiracy to commit wirefraud. Hey guys?
PfzG2CiImt0-00185-00082730-00082883 I- they probably did it.
PfzG2CiImt0-00186-00082883-00083251 These charges were eventually racked up to being TWELVE counts of wire fraud,
PfzG2CiImt0-00187-00083251-00083488 one of which was related to a patient's blood! 
PfzG2CiImt0-00188-00083488-00083864 To be honest, I don't know where this story ends, because like I said, it's still ongoing.
PfzG2CiImt0-00189-00083864-00084476 Elizabeth is set to face trial in Augustof this year, so I guess we'll all see, and maybe I'll make an update video.
PfzG2CiImt0-00190-00084476-00085012 But I think I speak for everyone when I say that when the trial happens I'm genuinely curious if she's gonna 
PfzG2CiImt0-00191-00085012-00085189 (Deep voice) Talk with the deep voice
PfzG2CiImt0-00192-00085189-00085545 or if she'll just sound normal, if she talks with that voice I'm gonna flip out!
PfzG2CiImt0-00193-00085545-00085896 (Funky Music) Title card reads: "In Conclusion: I hate this bitch"
PfzG2CiImt0-00194-00085896-00086376 I think the worst thing that Elizabeth Holmes did, out of all the crimes that she committed,
PfzG2CiImt0-00195-00086376-00086824 was getting people's hopes up. And I say this because I don't know if countries outside the
PfzG2CiImt0-00196-00086824-00087313 United States really understand how bad it's gotten here, but we are at rock bottom. 
PfzG2CiImt0-00197-00087313-00087824 It's the norm for diabetics to have to ration their insulin because they can't afford enough to stay alive,
PfzG2CiImt0-00198-00087824-00088200 during the middle of a pandemic hospitals are getting shut down because they're not making
PfzG2CiImt0-00199-00088200-00088784 enough money. We are desperate for things to get better ,and then here comes Elizabeth offering this
PfzG2CiImt0-00200-00088784-00089248 pipe dream where things getting better is possible, how could we not get our hopes up?
PfzG2CiImt0-00201-00089248-00089712 And this is where I circled back to that story about her uncle, how she said that losing her uncle
PfzG2CiImt0-00202-00089712-00090248 is what motivated her to want to change medicine forever. She knew how badly it hurt to lose someone
PfzG2CiImt0-00203-00090248-00090800 to a late diagnosis, she knew how bad people wanted this, and she knew that it wasn't possible!
PfzG2CiImt0-00204-00090800-00091336 And she sold it anyway. She faked evidence to back up her claims, she faked evidence to make
PfzG2CiImt0-00205-00091336-00091776 the fantasy seem feasible, and for what? So that she got to play dress-up as the
PfzG2CiImt0-00206-00091776-00092304 billionaire genius she always wanted to be since she was a kid? People are dying Elizabeth. Grow up.
PfzG2CiImt0-00207-00092528-00092851 Oh my God, I just found out she's pregnant too WHAT THE FU-
PfzG2CiImt0-00208-00092851-00094653 (Funky Music) Title card reads: "Thanks for Watching!"
PkKQzyNeYUM-00000-00001066-00001266 Printing Time: 13:14:56 Printed by Zaxe Z1
PkKQzyNeYUM-00001-00003272-00003576 Printing Time: 16:48:49 Printed by Zaxe Z1
PkKQzyNeYUM-00002-00004698-00004908 Captain America by David Östman
PkKQzyNeYUM-00003-00005560-00006010 Printing Time: 14:12:51 Printed by Zaxe Z1
PnMydD2mW78-00000-00000000-00000400 And well my friends today I'm at  Expo Especiales Coffee Fair
PnMydD2mW78-00001-00000400-00000542 At Corferias Convention Center in Bogota, Colombia
PnMydD2mW78-00002-00000618-00001072 This is an event where coffee growers and people involved in the trade
PnMydD2mW78-00003-00001082-00001338 from different regions of the country
PnMydD2mW78-00004-00001338-00001710 The idea being to promote it not only at a national level
PnMydD2mW78-00005-00001720-00002000 but as well in the international market.
PnMydD2mW78-00006-00002000-00002324 There will be auctions, there will be interesting things going on
PnMydD2mW78-00007-00002324-00002570 so the world knows why Colombia has one of the best coffees in the World.
PnMydD2mW78-00008-00002570-00003296 We'll keep informing, we'll keep going forth..THANK YOU!
PnMydD2mW78-00009-00004994-00005698 y bueno mi gente hoy me encuentro en la Feria de Cafe ExpoEspeciales
PnMydD2mW78-00010-00005712-00006092 aquí es donde vamos a encontrar cafés de diferentes regiones del país
PnMydD2mW78-00011-00006092-00006212 Cafes Especiales
PnMydD2mW78-00012-00006212-00007298 Gente que está llegando de todo el país para poder vender y ofrecer el café que tienen
PnMydD2mW78-00013-00007320-00007702 Estoy muy contenta de estar reencontrandome con amigos, conociendo nuevos
PnMydD2mW78-00014-00007702-00007902 Koffea TV...SEGUIREMOS INFORMANDO!
PnMydD2mW78-00015-00008876-00009076 Mariqui: (Greeting in IKU, the arhuaco language) Ladies Hello
PnMydD2mW78-00016-00009076-00009262 Arhuaco Women: (Greet back in IKU (ee-kuh) Hello how are you?
PnMydD2mW78-00017-00009284-00009586 Mariqui: Ok, is it possible for you to introduce yourselves and tell us a little bit
PnMydD2mW78-00018-00009596-00009960 about the coffee that you have, what part of Colombia?
PnMydD2mW78-00019-00010006-00010518 Our coffee is from.. we come from the Department (State) of Cesar,
PnMydD2mW78-00020-00010518-00011078 Municipality of Pueblo Bello, in the jurisdiction of Nabusimake (land of the rising sun in IKU)
PnMydD2mW78-00021-00011094-00011508 Sierra Nevada Mountains in Santa Marta, we are an arhuaco (arhru-ahco)
PnMydD2mW78-00022-00011524-00011844 and our coffee is named "Seynekun (say- nay-khun) Organic Coffee"
PnMydD2mW78-00023-00011844-00012214 and Seynekun means that it comes from our "mother"
PnMydD2mW78-00024-00012254-00012484 The word Seynekun means woman,
PnMydD2mW78-00025-00012484-00013091 and its represensented that the earth is female
PnMydD2mW78-00026-00013102-00013522 she is the only one who has the strength to procreate,
PnMydD2mW78-00027-00013534-00013969 to grow, to make generation possible
PnMydD2mW78-00028-00013969-00014222 and who does that? Mother Earth..
PnMydD2mW78-00029-00014222-00014494 that is why we women are mothers too, because we are the only ones who have
PnMydD2mW78-00030-00014504-00014894 the energy to make the seeds germinate
PnMydD2mW78-00031-00014894-00015094 Mariqui: Perfect
PnMydD2mW78-00032-00022972-00023510 Mariqui: And well my friends, here I am on the second day of ExpoEspeciales Coffee Fair
PnMydD2mW78-00033-00023534-00023868 at this moment I have been made a special petition to participate
PnMydD2mW78-00034-00023868-00024716 and give my opinion on why events such as these are important
PnMydD2mW78-00035-00024716-00024916 KEEP UP WITH US!..... Mariqui for Koffea TV...
PnMydD2mW78-00036-00027992-00028506 y Bueno mi Gente, Segundo dia de la Feria ExpoEspeciales, aqui en Bogota, Colombia
PnMydD2mW78-00037-00028518-00028968 comenzamos con el pie derecho, acabo de ser entrevistada.
PnMydD2mW78-00038-00028974-00029324 La gente está interesada en saber acerca del concepto que estamos creando,
PnMydD2mW78-00039-00029324-00029726 traer turismo de diferentes partes del mundo, para que la gente pueda
PnMydD2mW78-00040-00029726-00030302 entender toda la labor que conlleva poder sacar una buena taza de cafe
PnMydD2mW78-00041-00030472-00030848 Fuimos entrevistados por la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros,
PnMydD2mW78-00042-00030848-00031118 quienes mostraron interés sobre lo que estamos ofreciendo
PnMydD2mW78-00043-00031118-00031722 es fantástico ver como cada año más gente llega hasta aquí, para aprender
PnMydD2mW78-00044-00031722-00031922 más acerca del café, para comprarlo,
PnMydD2mW78-00045-00032124-00032806 para aprender un poco más acerca de las labores del caficultor,
PnMydD2mW78-00046-00032818-00033096 y para entender porque el cafe de Colombia es tan bueno
PnMydD2mW78-00047-00033096-00033296 y es el tercer productor más importante del mundo
PnMydD2mW78-00048-00033296-00033776 Seguiremos Informando! Muchas cosas emocionantes nos están sucediendo
PnMydD2mW78-00049-00033792-00033992 Yo soy Mariqui para Koffea TV
PnMydD2mW78-00050-00035940-00036452 Second day at ExpoEspeciales Coffee Fair at Corferias, Bogota, Colombia
PnMydD2mW78-00051-00036454-00036712 We are starting off with the right foot..
PnMydD2mW78-00052-00036712-00037114 I just got interviewed, because people want to know about the concept
PnMydD2mW78-00053-00037114-00037516 and the why I have come all the way here representing The Koffea Bean Experience
PnMydD2mW78-00054-00037696-00038084 It is being said that there are a lot of people arriving to these latitudes
PnMydD2mW78-00055-00038102-00038422 Not only from North America, Europe, Asia
PnMydD2mW78-00056-00038426-00039110 the intention being to help people understand why Colombian coffee is so good
PnMydD2mW78-00057-00039110-00039406 why it's so important to bring forth new options
PnMydD2mW78-00058-00039406-00039806 so that the coffee growers feel proud of the work they are doing
PnMydD2mW78-00059-00039814-00040380 The National Coffee Federation was very interested in asking my opinion
PnMydD2mW78-00060-00040392-00040642 or Koffea TV's in the matter
PnMydD2mW78-00061-00040642-00041020 This is becoming very interesting, we keep going forth
PnMydD2mW78-00062-00041020-00041366 KEEP UP WITH US! Mariqui for Koffea TV
PnMydD2mW78-00063-00044218-00044312 Ana: Mateo
PnMydD2mW78-00064-00044412-00044740 Mariqui: Well I have heard about him, and I used to work
PnMydD2mW78-00065-00044750-00045008 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains with farmer youngsters
PnMydD2mW78-00066-00045018-00045336 nice to meet you, How do you do? my name is Marie Quiñones,
PnMydD2mW78-00067-00045352-00045732 and one of the things that I find most important about Mateo's work
PnMydD2mW78-00068-00045804-00046360 Is that his work is very important because farmer youth are moving to the cities,
PnMydD2mW78-00069-00046360-00046612 and for me he is an example to follow,
PnMydD2mW78-00070-00046642-00046906 and it would be great to make a little interview,
PnMydD2mW78-00071-00046920-00047440 I am currently developing Rural Sustainable Tourism
PnMydD2mW78-00072-00047468-00047724 focused on Specialty Coffee,
PnMydD2mW78-00073-00047724-00048054 and have a Tourism Company in the State of Florida, United States
PnMydD2mW78-00074-00048140-00048484 So I feel it's important, because we have a small YouTube channel,
PnMydD2mW78-00075-00048512-00048748 and we are planning to bring people
PnMydD2mW78-00076-00048790-00049110 That he could talk to us perhaps to motive other youngsters
PnMydD2mW78-00077-00049110-00049754 so that they know that there is no need to leave to the cities
PnMydD2mW78-00078-00049766-00050000 That they're worth is where they are at
PnMydD2mW78-00079-00050054-00050392 My name is Mateo Felipe Artunduaga, I am a Coffee Cupper,
PnMydD2mW78-00080-00050404-00050714 and am currently learning to become a Barista
PnMydD2mW78-00081-00050714-00051004 and anything else I can learn
PnMydD2mW78-00082-00051198-00051616 Mariqui: Ok, and what do you do?..tell me..when did you start?.. at what age?
PnMydD2mW78-00083-00051674-00052116 Well, I began Cupping three years ago (at interview he was 13), began learning to become a Barista 2 years ago
PnMydD2mW78-00084-00052116-00052450 I still need to learn a lot more to become a Barista
PnMydD2mW78-00085-00052450-00052850 but Cupping I can do real well..really well
PnMydD2mW78-00086-00052974-00053414 Mariqui: Since you began in this World of Coffee, how do you feel,
PnMydD2mW78-00087-00053434-00053864 what have you learned?, what do you feel that it's important about this work?
PnMydD2mW78-00088-00053896-00054096 Mateo: Well, I truly feel very well
PnMydD2mW78-00089-00054104-00054444 Mariqui: What varieties of coffee are you growing in your lot and why did you choose them?
PnMydD2mW78-00090-00054582-00054816 Mateo: The variety I have in my lot is Castillo Tambo,
PnMydD2mW78-00091-00054824-00055198 it's a varietal that my father and mother chose for my lot,
PnMydD2mW78-00092-00055205-00055490 because it's resistant to leaf rust and borer beetle,
PnMydD2mW78-00093-00055490-00055846 and besides that, it possesses very good sensorial characteristics,
PnMydD2mW78-00094-00055910-00056250 Chocolate notes, a high acidity level,
PnMydD2mW78-00095-00056250-00056822 and it's very resistant to temperatures such as cold and hot
PnMydD2mW78-00096-00056928-00057455 Mariqui: Very well. If you spoke to other farmer youngsters as yourself, what would you tell them?
PnMydD2mW78-00097-00057455-00058040 Mateo: Well, I would tell them that coffee is very beautiful,
PnMydD2mW78-00098-00058041-00058376 and those youngsters that leave towards the cities
PnMydD2mW78-00099-00058391-00059002 that leave the country.. tell them that with my respect that wouldn't be too good,
PnMydD2mW78-00100-00059002-00059210 because the country has a lot of advantages
PnMydD2mW78-00101-00059258-00059690 Not to far from now the land will be our future,
PnMydD2mW78-00102-00059704-00060326 because coffee, other fruits, Grenadines,etc.
PnMydD2mW78-00103-00060326-00060736 it's becomes very ah.. commercial, and for exporting
PnMydD2mW78-00104-00060772-00061036 it is very beautiful to work on your farm
PnMydD2mW78-00105-00061036-00061408 to work on an Hacienda
PnMydD2mW78-00106-00061478-00061678 to learn about what we grow
PnMydD2mW78-00107-00061678-00061955 about what we do
PnMydD2mW78-00108-00061970-00062458 If we have a production, learn how to export it,
PnMydD2mW78-00109-00062478-00062826 that exporting is very good, because at a simple glance,
PnMydD2mW78-00110-00062854-00063291 a pound of oranges could nationally cost $1,000, $2,000 pesos,
PnMydD2mW78-00111-00063291-00063491 but abroad it's very expensive
PnMydD2mW78-00112-00063491-00063667 it is what happens with coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00113-00063667-00064040 over here coffee it costs $5,000 (+/- $1.90 US) - $8,000 (+/- $2.90 US) pesos for half a pound
PnMydD2mW78-00114-00064040-00064240 the pound at $15,000 pesos (+/- $5.00 US)
PnMydD2mW78-00115-00064240-00064534 but exporting it to other countries it's very expensive
PnMydD2mW78-00116-00064534-00064864 just a cup of cappuccino costs the same as a pound of coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00117-00064912-00065467 and to tell them to study about the land, the country is very good
PnMydD2mW78-00118-00065467-00065746 and knowing how to work it it's very good,
PnMydD2mW78-00119-00065752-00066050 and it's a future that one has for the rest of your life
PnMydD2mW78-00120-00066050-00066554 and we can have a profession, we can specialize in whatever we want
PnMydD2mW78-00121-00066554-00066990 so don't leave the country, the land , the hacienda
PnMydD2mW78-00122-00067016-00067304 Mariqui: I thank you very much, and I congratulate you on your work,
PnMydD2mW78-00123-00067304-00067690 and next year I want to see you in the National Cuppers Competition
PnMydD2mW78-00124-00067690-00067890 Mariqui: Does that excite you?
PnMydD2mW78-00125-00067890-00067940 Mateo: Yes ma'am
PnMydD2mW78-00126-00067940-00068290 Mariqui: Being the youngest Cupper ever in competition in Colombia, must be a complete honor, no?
PnMydD2mW78-00127-00068302-00068400 Mateo: Yes ma'am a lot
PnMydD2mW78-00128-00068464-00068840 Mariqui: Very good.. I wish you lots of success, and I thank you for your time and your words
PnMydD2mW78-00129-00075682-00076010 Mariqui: What is the process of Gender Equality?
PnMydD2mW78-00130-00076010-00076408 Director: This is a program organized by the National Coffee Growers Association (FNC)
PnMydD2mW78-00131-00076408-00076948 and it's precisely pursuing to commend the work of women within the coffee growing industry
PnMydD2mW78-00132-00076984-00077440 Because 30% of coffee growers in Colombia are women
PnMydD2mW78-00133-00077440-00077948 Well the ones who possess the coffee growers ID, because there are many who don't have it
PnMydD2mW78-00134-00078028-00078360 that is the identification that we have in the Federation, so that the producers
PnMydD2mW78-00135-00078360-00078690 can have access to the services that are offered
PnMydD2mW78-00136-00078730-00079098 So want we want through this project is for women to have the capacity to
PnMydD2mW78-00137-00079098-00079652 commercialize coffee.. their own coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00138-00079714-00080524 and the other thing is to prepare them so they can run as candidate leaders
PnMydD2mW78-00139-00080542-00080994 Because the Coffee Federation elects their own Representatives democratically
PnMydD2mW78-00140-00081006-00081610 through votes, so there is a very low participation of women in the Coffee Elections
PnMydD2mW78-00141-00081622-00082298 so we now have 8% of women who are elected for the State Committees that are part of the Federation
PnMydD2mW78-00142-00082298-00082846 so the idea is that the women become stronger as leaders, participate in the elections
PnMydD2mW78-00143-00082846-00083046 and get elected, that is the program
PnMydD2mW78-00144-00083140-00083414 Mariqui: Very well,  how long has the program been instituted for?
PnMydD2mW78-00145-00083436-00083634 Director: This program has been going on for more than 10 years.
PnMydD2mW78-00146-00083644-00083896 It used to be called Women Coffee Growers, and now we call it Gender Equality
PnMydD2mW78-00147-00083908-00084466 because what we want is that the balance inclines in a way that both men and women..
PnMydD2mW78-00148-00084472-00084798 the whole family has the same opportunities
PnMydD2mW78-00149-00084798-00084998 that their income improves,
PnMydD2mW78-00150-00084998-00085198 that they have access to the markets
PnMydD2mW78-00151-00085198-00085398 that they are better prepared
PnMydD2mW78-00152-00085398-00085918 but clearly women has always been the ones who have received less,
PnMydD2mW78-00153-00085934-00086218 so what we are aiming for is to give them their deserved benefits,
PnMydD2mW78-00154-00086226-00086496 this is why we are in this place..in this stand,
PnMydD2mW78-00155-00086504-00086772 We brought women from 19 different Departments (States)
PnMydD2mW78-00156-00086772-00086954 Each one brought her own coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00157-00086962-00087202 some of them belong to Associations, some others don't..
PnMydD2mW78-00158-00087290-00087490 But all of them are coffee growers and produce their own coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00159-00087534-00087734 Have their own coffee brands
PnMydD2mW78-00160-00087734-00088302 and well they are here, taking advantage of the place, making contacts
PnMydD2mW78-00161-00088302-00088522 for getting to know each other and learn
PnMydD2mW78-00162-00088522-00088722 Mariqui: Very good, thank you!
PnMydD2mW78-00163-00088912-00089234 Mariqui: And can I ask you ladies that are coffee growers
PnMydD2mW78-00164-00089246-00089694 What benefits are you seeing when you participate in a program such as this?
PnMydD2mW78-00165-00089800-00090074 If anyone would like to share something?
PnMydD2mW78-00166-00090074-00090324 How do you see it?.. excuse me what is your name?
PnMydD2mW78-00167-00090324-00090600 My name is Teresa Silva and I come from Boyaca (State)
PnMydD2mW78-00168-00090600-00090802 from a Municipality called Moniquira.
PnMydD2mW78-00169-00090906-00091594 In reality I have felt very pleased, and very fortunate to have been invited to this Fair,
PnMydD2mW78-00170-00091612-00091934 because I have gotten to know so many things
PnMydD2mW78-00171-00091944-00092214 I was ignorant about so many things
PnMydD2mW78-00172-00092214-00092806 and now I feel strengthened, wanting to learn more
PnMydD2mW78-00173-00092806-00093124 wanting to duplicate all this information to other women whom I know,
PnMydD2mW78-00174-00093124-00093324 and they really need it.
PnMydD2mW78-00175-00093604-00093836 In the population where we are at in Moniquira,
PnMydD2mW78-00176-00093836-00093988 the majority are men,
PnMydD2mW78-00177-00094016-00094500 and we women are not exercising that leadership that we should be exercising
PnMydD2mW78-00178-00094588-00095004 and I feel it's time for us to say that well here we are present
PnMydD2mW78-00179-00095372-00095800 In Rural Tourism as well, we are doing work by women, all women
PnMydD2mW78-00180-00095800-00096000 We already have four rural touristic lodges
PnMydD2mW78-00181-00096000-00096440 and that is another subject that goes hand in hand with coffee
PnMydD2mW78-00182-00096482-00096682 Mariqui: Very Well..thank you!
PnMydD2mW78-00183-00099940-00100394 Y bueno amigos, hoy es el cuarto y ultimo dia de la Feria ExpoEspeciales
PnMydD2mW78-00184-00100394-00100708 ha sido una experiencia increible
PnMydD2mW78-00185-00100708-00100954 haciendo nuevos contactos, conociendo nuevos procesos,
PnMydD2mW78-00186-00100954-00101612 incluyendo a las mujeres caficultoras y sus proyectos dentro de la Federación,
PnMydD2mW78-00187-00101628-00102098 poder conocer al Catador y Barista más joven de Colombia,
PnMydD2mW78-00188-00102098-00102298 con tan solo 13 años de edad
PnMydD2mW78-00189-00102298-00102598 Es increíble lo que se está haciendo,
PnMydD2mW78-00190-00102635-00103592 ayer, un Cafe del Tolima, consiguió la increíble suma de $50.50 la libra
PnMydD2mW78-00191-00103804-00104011 Es maravilloso venir a estos lugares,
PnMydD2mW78-00192-00104032-00104432 cuando tengas la oportunidad, por favor hazlo y ven
PnMydD2mW78-00193-00104442-00104735 Vas a encontrar muchas, muchas cosas fantasticas aqui
PnMydD2mW78-00194-00104735-00104935 SEGUIREMOS INFORMANDO!!
PnMydD2mW78-00195-00105711-00105985 and well my friends, this is the fourth and final day
PnMydD2mW78-00196-00105996-00106392 of ExpoEspeciales in Bogota, Colombia, being held at Corferias
PnMydD2mW78-00197-00106480-00106880 It has been four days fantastic days, in which we have been able to make very good contacts
PnMydD2mW78-00198-00106880-00107294 today we made contacts with the Gender Equality Group,
PnMydD2mW78-00199-00107294-00107556 which is impulsing women coffee growers,
PnMydD2mW78-00200-00107572-00107906 so they can have recognition for the important work they do
PnMydD2mW78-00201-00107906-00108206 and that this is well compensated for economically
PnMydD2mW78-00202-00108318-00108518 I have seen people from different latitudes
PnMydD2mW78-00203-00108550-00108816 I am happy to know, that all this trips we have been doing (4yrs now)
PnMydD2mW78-00204-00108816-00109256 it's getting us closer to coffee growers
PnMydD2mW78-00205-00109256-00109468 from different regions of Colombia
PnMydD2mW78-00206-00109468-00109814 we'll keep informing, we'll keep walking through Colombia
PnMydD2mW78-00207-00109814-00110111 getting to know plantations, getting to know biodiversity
PnMydD2mW78-00208-00110111-00110461 doing whatever is necessary to help generate..SUSTAINABILITY!!
PnMydD2mW78-00209-00110511-00111068 KEEP UP WITH US! Thank You!! Please don't forget to Like, Share, and Subscribe!!!
PnSFMp3tSWA-00000-00000096-00000648 hi guys my name is Sanjay Gupta i'm consultant in York today i wanted to do a little video on the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00001-00000648-00001304 subject of blood pressure uh if there's one thing that causes a ton of anxiety it is the mention
PnSFMp3tSWA-00002-00001304-00001904 of high blood pressure a common scenario for example is that a patient goes to see his doctor
PnSFMp3tSWA-00003-00002007-00002592 for a routine visit or an unrelated complaint and then the first thing the doctor or the practice
PnSFMp3tSWA-00004-00002592-00003104 nurse will do is measure their blood pressure then the doctor shakes his head and says oh
PnSFMp3tSWA-00005-00003160-00003647 your blood pressure is a little high today uh maybe you should come back again and have it
PnSFMp3tSWA-00006-00003647-00004232 checked again next week and if it is again high then we will consider putting you on tablets
PnSFMp3tSWA-00007-00004312-00004760 and the poor patient is immediately left feeling really anxious and worried about this
PnSFMp3tSWA-00008-00004760-00005488 he goes home he consults dr google and everywhere he looks there are these horror stories of how
PnSFMp3tSWA-00009-00005488-00006056 high blood pressure can cause strokes or heart attacks or kidney failure and then
PnSFMp3tSWA-00010-00006056-00006504 when the poor terrified patient goes back to the doctor to have his blood pressure checked
PnSFMp3tSWA-00011-00006504-00007031 he's already so anxious and unsurprisingly his blood pressure is measures high which
PnSFMp3tSWA-00012-00007031-00007568 then triggers off more anxiety and the prospect of taking medications for the rest of his life
PnSFMp3tSWA-00013-00007720-00008448 so this video is for that patient and my aim is to help that patient understand and demystify the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00014-00008448-00009136 concept of blood pressure by asking the doctor three important questions before contemplating
PnSFMp3tSWA-00015-00009136-00009768 medications okay as i as far as i see it this number the blood pressure number is
PnSFMp3tSWA-00016-00009768-00010424 only important for two reasons one the number is a symptom of something else going on in the body
PnSFMp3tSWA-00017-00010496-00011312 and in which case the aim should be to try and identify the cause of this number being high and
PnSFMp3tSWA-00018-00011312-00011848 treating it okay it doesn't make sense to make the number look prettier i give tablets to lower the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00019-00011848-00012400 number if the number is a sign of something else because if you just treated the number then you
PnSFMp3tSWA-00020-00012400-00013008 are missing the underlying problem so the first thing i would say is that the number is important
PnSFMp3tSWA-00021-00013008-00013568 if it's a sign of something else in which case you want to identify it and to the number by
PnSFMp3tSWA-00022-00013568-00014256 itself if the number by itself is causing harm then that's important too and in that sense
PnSFMp3tSWA-00023-00014256-00014800 in that case it does make sense to make to reduce the number if the number itself is causing harm
PnSFMp3tSWA-00024-00014800-00015416 then it does make sense to reduce the number it's also true to say that we are all different okay
PnSFMp3tSWA-00025-00015416-00016144 and therefore it doesn't seem logical to me to have this one value um which defines everyone
PnSFMp3tSWA-00026-00016144-00016624 uh so the current guidance for example in the uk where i am is that if your blood
PnSFMp3tSWA-00027-00016624-00017016 pressure is over 140 over 90 you have high blood pressure well that doesn't make sense
PnSFMp3tSWA-00028-00017016-00017608 because we're all different people so why is why do we have to rely on one value to define us
PnSFMp3tSWA-00029-00017712-00018376 surely what we want to know is whether that blood pressure is high for that individual so instead of
PnSFMp3tSWA-00030-00018376-00018920 asking is my blood pressure high what we should be asking and what we should get the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00031-00018920-00019680 answer to is the question is my blood pressure high for me okay so here are three questions
PnSFMp3tSWA-00032-00019792-00020320 that you want your doctor to answer for you before you even start worrying about your blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00033-00020320-00020960 all right so the first question you have to ask is what is my number you know what is my true
PnSFMp3tSWA-00034-00020960-00021360 accurate blood pressure now the first thing to say is that the blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00035-00021416-00022128 in number fluctuates wildly in everyone throughout the day and night and it depends on so many things
PnSFMp3tSWA-00036-00022128-00022544 it depends on what they're doing whether they're stressed or relaxed it depends on
PnSFMp3tSWA-00037-00022544-00023072 whether they're exercising or they're addressed it depends on whether they're awake or asleep
PnSFMp3tSWA-00038-00023072-00023696 so it doesn't make sense to use isolated values to gauge whether a person's blood pressure is
PnSFMp3tSWA-00039-00023696-00024376 high or not in fact all the blood in fact the most inaccurate way of measuring blood
PnSFMp3tSWA-00040-00024376-00024856 pressure is in the doctor surgery because the patients are stressed it is a artificial
PnSFMp3tSWA-00041-00024856-00025368 surrounding and it is not truly representative of that person's blood pressure so this kind
PnSFMp3tSWA-00042-00025368-00025927 of poor patient who's gone and has his blood pressure checked that's an inaccurate value okay
PnSFMp3tSWA-00043-00026008-00026527 a more accurate way of measuring blood pressure is to do serial blood pressure measurements at home
PnSFMp3tSWA-00044-00026527-00027264 or an even more accurate way is to have a 24-hour blood pressure monitor the 24-hour blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00045-00027264-00027816 monitor what that does is it makes automated recordings of the blood pressure several times
PnSFMp3tSWA-00046-00027816-00028480 during the day and night and then it allows the doctor to calculate an overall average
PnSFMp3tSWA-00047-00028480-00029127 and that average is a far better uh and more accurate representation of the blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00048-00029127-00029768 rather than isolated values so the first thing i would recommend you know if you're faced with the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00049-00029768-00030432 prospect of having high blood pressure is to ask your doctor what is my number please do a 24 hour
PnSFMp3tSWA-00050-00030432-00031080 blood pressure monitor and tell me what my average number is and you'll be surprised because actually
PnSFMp3tSWA-00051-00031176-00031864 very often the average number is far lower than these isolated values that are measured in the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00052-00031864-00032536 doctor's clinic upon which a lot of doctors will start patients on tablets so that's the first
PnSFMp3tSWA-00053-00032536-00033320 thing to do the second question to ask is to say is my blood pressure a symptom of something else
PnSFMp3tSWA-00054-00033384-00033984 very often the high numbers that are recorded are a symptom of a suboptimal lifestyle
PnSFMp3tSWA-00055-00034048-00034920 excessive weight smoking a sedentary lifestyle excessive alcohol intake excessive stress poor
PnSFMp3tSWA-00056-00034920-00035544 sleep patterns such as sleep apnea can all contribute to an elevated blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00057-00035680-00036208 and i would always recommend that whenever patients are diagnosed with high blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00058-00036208-00036840 they take a long hard look at their lifestyles and modify those factors that could be contributing
PnSFMp3tSWA-00059-00036840-00037376 this is really important because if you just take pills to make the numbers look prettier
PnSFMp3tSWA-00060-00037376-00037856 then in some ways you've not really tackled the underlying problem which is the bad lifestyle
PnSFMp3tSWA-00061-00037856-00038504 and therefore the overall risk of the patient is largely dictated by the bad lifestyle rather
PnSFMp3tSWA-00062-00038504-00038960 than just the blood pressure number so taking a tablet to make the number look prettier doesn't
PnSFMp3tSWA-00063-00038960-00039528 really dramatically alter that person's risk it's far better to tackle all those things about the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00064-00039528-00040080 lifestyle which may make the person healthier and in so doing the blood pressure numbers will also
PnSFMp3tSWA-00065-00040080-00040904 improve finally the most important question is that you have to ask yourself is are my numbers
PnSFMp3tSWA-00066-00040904-00041472 causing me harm are they doing me harm is the number is my number doing me harm okay
PnSFMp3tSWA-00067-00041528-00042104 now everyone worries about being at increased risk of strokes and heart attacks and kidney damage but
PnSFMp3tSWA-00068-00042104-00042744 the truth is that these risks are only realized in the long term meaning that if you've had
PnSFMp3tSWA-00069-00042744-00043304 several years of chronically elevated high blood pressure then there's a risk of having such events
PnSFMp3tSWA-00070-00043400-00044040 however to expose you to this risk there must be a degree of low level damage going on in the body
PnSFMp3tSWA-00071-00044096-00044584 right it can't be that you have nothing going on in the body and 10 years later you have a stroke
PnSFMp3tSWA-00072-00044584-00044984 that wouldn't make sense so something must be going on in the body which may not be
PnSFMp3tSWA-00073-00044984-00045664 visible to the outsider and the patient doesn't realize it and then 10 years down the line they
PnSFMp3tSWA-00074-00045664-00046256 have something which is a a big event like a heart attack or a stroke or something like that
PnSFMp3tSWA-00075-00046352-00047168 the now the so to expose you to the higher to the risks the the kind of those big risks
PnSFMp3tSWA-00076-00047168-00047552 you have to be having a degree of low level damage happening in the body chronically
PnSFMp3tSWA-00077-00047648-00048184 the problem with high blood pressure is that if the blood pressure is high then our tiny tiny
PnSFMp3tSWA-00078-00048184-00048688 blood vessels the tiniest blood vessels which happen to be the ones that infiltrate our organs
PnSFMp3tSWA-00079-00048688-00049416 and supply our organs with oxygen-rich blood they tend to be also be the thinnest and most fragile
PnSFMp3tSWA-00080-00049416-00050184 and if you have a blood pressure which is high for you then that number does increase the risk
PnSFMp3tSWA-00081-00050184-00050840 of these tiny blood vessels getting damaged they often can burst and then they heal by clotting off
PnSFMp3tSWA-00082-00050840-00051472 and therefore those areas supplied by those tiny blood vessels don't get the blood and so because
PnSFMp3tSWA-00083-00051472-00051896 you have millions of tiny blood vessels one or two doesn't make a huge difference
PnSFMp3tSWA-00084-00051896-00052376 but over a period of time as you continue to damage more and more and more blood vessels
PnSFMp3tSWA-00085-00052376-00053024 you continue to get increased levels of low level damage which a person may not be able
PnSFMp3tSWA-00086-00053024-00053567 to see or sense from the outside but is are going on in the body and eventually they culminate 10
PnSFMp3tSWA-00087-00053567-00054008 years down the line with a bigger event like a heart attack or a stroke or kidney damage
PnSFMp3tSWA-00088-00054088-00054696 we can look for such low level damage okay in particular we can visualize these tiny blood
PnSFMp3tSWA-00089-00054696-00055288 vessels in our eyes in the retinas so a simple look if your doctor looks at the back of your eyes
PnSFMp3tSWA-00090-00055288-00055879 he'll be able to see whether there is any effect of damage to these tiny blood vessels you can see
PnSFMp3tSWA-00091-00055879-00056616 tiny little hemorrhages in the eyes similarly the tiny blood vessels also supply our kidneys and
PnSFMp3tSWA-00092-00056616-00057184 if the blood vessels in our kidneys are affected then even before our kidney tests go become
PnSFMp3tSWA-00093-00057184-00057864 abnormal you can detect that the kidneys start leaking more protein because and this protein
PnSFMp3tSWA-00094-00057864-00058472 extra protein can be measured in the urine so that's another way of detecting low level damage
PnSFMp3tSWA-00095-00058472-00059152 before any high level damage occurs finally if the blood pressure is truly high for that patient
PnSFMp3tSWA-00096-00059152-00059784 then the heart would have to work harder to pump blood around the heart is a muscle and therefore
PnSFMp3tSWA-00097-00059784-00060400 if the heart is working harder if the muscle is working harder then the muscle will hypertrophy or
PnSFMp3tSWA-00098-00060400-00061032 become more muscular and you can see that easily by doing an ultrasound or an echocardiogram of the
PnSFMp3tSWA-00099-00061032-00061479 heart and that will easily show whether the heart is looking more muscular and if the heart is more
PnSFMp3tSWA-00100-00061479-00061976 muscular then that does suggest it's working against a higher pressure for that individual
PnSFMp3tSWA-00101-00062096-00062744 when we look at the majority of all virtually all the research points to the fact that it is those
PnSFMp3tSWA-00102-00062744-00063455 people who have high blood pressure who have high values who have or those people who have low level
PnSFMp3tSWA-00103-00063455-00064040 damage evidence of low level damage who tend to come to harm from high blood pressure rather than
PnSFMp3tSWA-00104-00064040-00064784 those people who don't have evidence of low level damage okay and therefore when you can detect low
PnSFMp3tSWA-00105-00064784-00065288 level damage it becomes really important to be aggressive with lowering the blood pressure
PnSFMp3tSWA-00106-00065360-00065864 because the number itself is probably doing harm as well so of course i would always recommend
PnSFMp3tSWA-00107-00065864-00066480 lifestyle modification but then also aggressively trying to lower the blood pressure with medication
PnSFMp3tSWA-00108-00066480-00067064 and i would say that is irrespective of what the number is so if the number is say 130 over 80 and
PnSFMp3tSWA-00109-00067064-00067504 the person's got all this evidence of all this damage i would still be more aggressive about
PnSFMp3tSWA-00110-00067504-00068040 lowering the blood pressure whereas if i had a patient who had a blood pressure of 150 over 90
PnSFMp3tSWA-00111-00068104-00068584 and didn't have any evidence of low level damage then i wouldn't be so aggressive i would still
PnSFMp3tSWA-00112-00068584-00069032 recommend lifestyle modification wherever possible but i wouldn't necessarily jump in and give this
PnSFMp3tSWA-00113-00069032-00069696 patient medications so you know blood pressure is far more complex and i hope that this video has
PnSFMp3tSWA-00114-00069696-00070184 been helpful in helping those people who worry about their blood pressure you know you want to
PnSFMp3tSWA-00115-00070184-00071088 answer these three questions what is your true number is your number a sign of a bad lifestyle
PnSFMp3tSWA-00116-00071168-00071944 and finally is your number doing you harm and this will then allow you to decide what works for you
PnSFMp3tSWA-00117-00071944-00072528 um you know it'll give you an idea of what your number is it'll give you it'll allow you to work
PnSFMp3tSWA-00118-00072528-00073088 out whether there are any lifestyle factors that may be contributing and of course modifying them
PnSFMp3tSWA-00119-00073088-00073640 and when you do modify the lifestyle factors it's good to again use a 24-hour average to
PnSFMp3tSWA-00120-00073640-00074384 monitor your progress right and then finally whether you really need the medications or not
Q12AaX2tmhY-00001-00007381-00008995 da splitter hit em with da splitter
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00000-00000864-00001568 hello and greetings from salzburg austria city of mozart city of music and city of salt did
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00001-00001568-00001936 you know that the city's name actually translates to salt castle due to the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00002-00001936-00002448 barges that used to carry salt on the salzac river but we're getting ahead of ourselves
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00003-00002448-00002904 in this video we'll be showing you some of the things you can do in salzburg during your visit
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00004-00002904-00003440 we'll tour the clifftop fortress and all the museums it holds within we'll explore cemeteries
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00005-00003440-00004015 and early christian catacombs carved into the rock we'll enjoy views of the old town with its baroque
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00006-00004015-00004672 architecture domes and spires plus we'll also give you a few ideas of some austrian foods to try and
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00007-00004672-00005784 some easy day trips you can go on the following is our salzburg travel guide so let's dive right in
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00008-00005936-00006000 barely anyone
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00009-00006680-00007248 well good day good day and greetings again from salzburg austria so we decided to save
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00010-00007248-00007823 our legs and take the funicular up to the fortress today and this one is called the hohen salzburg
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00011-00007823-00008416 we ended up paying 1660 euros and that gives us the funicular up and down and all access to the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00012-00008416-00008952 fortress which is nice because we want to cover it all and so yeah we've just arrived up top didn't
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00013-00008952-00009536 have to wait too long for the for the funicular ride maybe 15-20 minutes and it's a super powerful
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00014-00009536-00010032 quick write-up it's like don't blink because you'll be at the top in no time and yeah now
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00015-00010032-00011384 we're here we've got fantastic views panoramic views and can't wait to explore the fortress
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00016-00011832-00012376 fortress is a large medieval fortress that sits atop fiststungsberg and overlooks the whole city
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00017-00012432-00012968 this is one of salzburg's main attractions so it should definitely be on your itinerary our first
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00018-00012968-00013504 stop here in the fortress was the panorama walk which leads up to a viewing platform we got some
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00019-00013504-00013936 incredible views of the surrounding mountains that border with germany to give you a bit of
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00020-00013936-00014519 history this medieval fortress is considered the biggest fully preserved castle in central europe
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00021-00014519-00015096 construction of the fortress began in the year 1077 though it acquired its current appearance
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00022-00015096-00015672 much later in the 1500s there's quite a bit to see within the fortress including multiple
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00023-00015672-00016240 museums so you'll want to give yourself plenty of time you have the fortress museum with historical
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00024-00016240-00016792 exhibits focusing on daily court life of the prince archbishops then you have the marionette
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00025-00016792-00017296 museum where you can immerse yourself in the world of puppets and you also have the rainer
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00026-00017296-00018384 regimental museum where you can see all sorts of weapons uniforms and war memorabilia on display
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00027-00019120-00019872 okay so we have just finished touring the fortress and my oh my a lot to see a lot to do especially
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00028-00019872-00020448 if you get the complete pass like we did i thought we'd share some highlights so i'll go first sam
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00029-00020448-00021064 can go next and i would say for me it was doing the panorama tour it's not actually a guided tour
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00030-00021064-00021608 like you do this walk on your own but you get to go up to the observation tower and when you're
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00031-00021608-00022408 up there you can see the mountains all around like alps and valleys and little villages and it's just
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00032-00022408-00022952 so scenic and you also get an overview of the whole city so i would say that viewpoint was
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00033-00022952-00023640 worth it for me to come here that viewpoint alone yeah and if you can pick a clear day a clear day
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00034-00023640-00024184 hands down hands down i mean the museums were really thoughtful and interesting and yeah we got
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00035-00024184-00024808 to see a whole bunch of different ones but for me it's about the experience of walking around
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00036-00024864-00025472 and also just taking in the views and just realizing how beautiful this area is a stunning
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00037-00025472-00025976 part of the world and until you see it from this high vantage point you can't really appreciate the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00038-00025976-00026536 mountains and the surrounding countryside area and the forests and everything and everything
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00039-00026608-00028183 in the city of salzburg austria itself it just looks marvelous from from up above
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00040-00028592-00029024 one attraction that we stumbled upon completely by chance was peter's fried
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00041-00029024-00029648 huff also known as saint peter's cemetery this is the oldest cemetery in salzburg and it also has
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00042-00029648-00029960 early christian catacombs that were carved into the rock wall
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00043-00030039-00030983 this network of caves served as both a hermitage and burial site
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00044-00033848-00034240 after visiting the catacombs and enjoying the views from some of the lookouts
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00045-00034240-00034800 we took a walk through the cemetery the oldest tombstone here dates back to 1288
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00046-00034800-00035384 though the cemetery history goes back even further many famous personalities artists
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00047-00035384-00036584 and scholars were buried here one of the most famous being mozart's youngest sister nannerl
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00048-00036880-00037488 so we just finished visiting saint peter's fried hof the catacombs and my goodness was
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00049-00037488-00038048 that ever amazing so obviously going in and walking through the tunnel areas and seeing
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00050-00038048-00038616 the catacombs that's fascinating but what was most interesting for us aside from that were the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00051-00038616-00039248 views that we got of salzburg the best so far the best so far on our trip so it only cost two euros
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00052-00039248-00039896 and something else that i found fascinating is that no two steps were like every single one a
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00053-00039896-00040784 little bit different in shape size there's some wooden ones there's some stone ones
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00054-00044128-00044816 while we were in the area we also visited salzburg cathedral the original church was built in 767
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00055-00044816-00045344 on the remnants of a roman town then it was rebuilt once more in 1181 after
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00056-00045344-00045936 fire and the version we see today dates back to the 17th century and was done in the baroque style
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00057-00046008-00046560 fun fact the cathedral still has the same baptismal font in which mozart was baptized
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00058-00046560-00046896 admission to the cathedral is free though donations are welcome
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00059-00047472-00048080 we also came across this rather unusual sculpture that sits next to the cathedral this giant golden
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00060-00048080-00048688 ball features a man standing on top of it and it's the work of german sculptor stefan baikenhall
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00061-00048688-00049232 the sculpture is meant to pay homage to paul frost the creator of the famous mozart kugel
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00062-00049232-00050584 chocolates that have become a symbol of salzburg we'll show you those a bit later in the video
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00063-00052840-00053432 the next place we visited was mernsberg which is one of the five mountains in the city of salzburg
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00064-00053432-00053864 this one gets its name from the benedictine monks of saint peter's abbey
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00065-00053864-00055048 we actually wrote an elevator to get to the top this is another cool vantage point that
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00066-00055048-00055552 offers great views over the old town you can see the fortress perched on a cliff
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00067-00055552-00056184 the mountains that surround the city and then you have a few different trails to choose from
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00068-00056800-00057567 so we just paid four euros to ride a little elevator we did that brought us to this lovely
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00069-00057567-00058160 viewpoint and there's a hiking trail it's a little trail not too big of one but it's it's nice are
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00070-00058160-00058624 you gonna take off your mask and breathe that'd be a no that would be a good idea out in nature
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00071-00058904-00059328 we filmed an entirely separate video of all the austrian foods we tried during our
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00072-00059328-00059912 visit to salzburg austria but to give you a quick rundown some of the dishes you cannot miss include
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00073-00059912-00060536 kaznoken which is a variation of keizer spatzler these small noodles or dumplings are tossed with
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00074-00060536-00061152 cheese in a cast iron skillet cooked until golden and then topped with crispy onions this was one of
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00075-00061152-00061848 our favorite dishes we tried this was one of my favorite dishes in all of germany austria
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00076-00061848-00062360 anywhere they serve it love the homemade noodles love the cheesiness aspect of them so so good
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00077-00062976-00063432 if you have a sweet tooth the salzburger no curl is another dish to try
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00078-00063432-00064040 it is a sweet souffle that is served in soft peaks with powdered sugar and fruit jam we had ours at
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00079-00064040-00064712 the iconic cafe mozart okay so we are now trying the typical dessert of salzburg and it's meant
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00080-00064712-00065400 to resemble the three surrounding peaks around the city and it is made with fluffy egg whites
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00081-00065455-00066360 cranberries and a dusting of sugar look it's like it's jiggly it's like meringue essentially
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00082-00066696-00067232 getting in there this is so fluffy and this is made fresh to order so you have to wait
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00083-00067232-00067680 a little bit for it but apparently it's worth the wait i love how it represents
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00084-00067680-00068376 the the peaks of salzburg isn't that so cool the three mountain peaks is it good yeah just like
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00085-00068376-00068992 fluffy sweet egg whites yum and then you have the mozart kugel which is a chocolate ball that
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00086-00068992-00069696 pays homage to mozart it was created in 1890 by local confectioner paul fulst he's the one
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00087-00069696-00070120 standing atop the golden ball sculpture we showed you earlier so it looks like this one
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00088-00070120-00070632 is a dark chocolate one there's so many varieties like you can get milk chocolate you can get dark
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00089-00070632-00071064 chocolate you can get it with marzipan you can get it without marzipan you can't a mixed bag
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00090-00071120-00071672 we just grabbed some chocolate honestly this looks like pure choose your adventure
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00091-00072064-00072584 i'll take the other half how is that very good this is what they look like they come in like um
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00092-00072584-00072968 a light blue wrapping and i'm telling you
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00093-00072968-00073312 all over town you don't need to look very hard to find one perfect gift to take home huh
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00094-00073728-00074160 and speaking of mozart it only seemed fitting that while in salzburg we'd visit
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00095-00074160-00074792 the home of the famed composer wolfgang amadeus mozart was born in 1756 and his
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00096-00074792-00075304 home is now a museum that shares details of his life you can see his pianos and listen
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00097-00075304-00075824 to some of his compositions during your visit you also have mozart square located just a few
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00098-00075824-00077184 streets over featuring a statue of mozart that was erected 50 years after his death
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00099-00077552-00078088 one of the many churches we visited in salzburg's old town was college which is
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00100-00078088-00078528 the church of the university of salzburg this church was designed in the baroque
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00101-00078528-00079088 style and it is best known for its pristine white interiors the church hosts classical
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00102-00079088-00079984 concerts throughout the year so that's something else you can consider doing during your visit
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00103-00081360-00081880 next let's take a stroll along the salzac river which runs through the heart of the city until the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00104-00081880-00082464 19th century this river played an important part of the local economy as it was used to ship salt
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00105-00082464-00082880 but that was eventually replaced by the railway what grabbed our attention was
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00106-00082880-00084184 the water's milky turquoise color due to the alpine sediment that feeds the river upstream
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00107-00084472-00084992 of course one of the must visit attractions in salzburg is mirabelle palace and its gardens
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00108-00084992-00085448 the mirabelle gardens are geometrically arranged and mythologically themed so it
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00109-00085448-00085816 features a lot of unusual sculptures and if you're a fan of the movie the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00110-00085816-00086984 sound of music you'll recognize the gardens from a few different scenes
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00111-00088072-00088384 okay let's see your best lion face
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00112-00089704-00090400 so we decided to go for a little sunset stroll after siesta after siesta and our destination
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00113-00090400-00091064 this time were the mirabelle gardens located at miracle palace and admission is free of charge
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00114-00091064-00091600 this place is free to visit my kind of place which is kind of unbelievable because it's so beautiful
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00115-00091600-00092224 and like the gardens are beautifully manicured so many flowers and bloom and statues and fountains
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00116-00092224-00092776 like there's actually a lot to see and lots of little benches along the way you kind of like
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00117-00092776-00093248 hidden away by nature so it's really cool this would be a nice place to like read a book
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00118-00093304-00093800 yeah you know exactly um but yeah i managed to get my first photo with sam
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00119-00093856-00094568 of the whole trip our first photo together right yeah it took some coaxing some coaxing
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00120-00094568-00095384 to set up a tripod it happened it happened so yeah this has been nice i'm glad we came here
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00121-00096064-00096424 during one of our evenings in town we went to the salzac insole bar
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00122-00096480-00096816 this floating bar sits on the banks of the zalzak river and while the
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00123-00096816-00097328 food wasn't anything to write home about we did enjoy our cocktail and glass of wine it
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00124-00097328-00098184 was a fun activity for a random weekday night and we got to enjoy the city during blue hour
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00125-00100376-00100784 and now a quick mention of some easy day trips you can plan from salzburg
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00126-00100784-00101296 one of our favorites was verfin which is situated one hour south of salzburg
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00127-00101296-00101912 it's a super easy journey by train we spent our day there touring hohenbergfin castle living out
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00128-00101912-00102368 our sound of music dreams on the sound of music hiking trail you probably drink it in austria
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00129-00102368-00102920 wouldn't you say i would say befriending some cows along the way you can hear our new friends
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00130-00102920-00103480 for cows and enjoying one of the best meals we had during our short visit to austria
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00131-00103480-00105200 jelly belly you can watch the video of the full trip on our channel
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00132-00105200-00105688 and last but not least we also wanted to mention our hiking day trip to geisberg
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00133-00105688-00106183 this is a local mountain in salzburg located just a few kilometers from the old town
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00134-00106183-00106896 and it stands 1288 meters above sea level we rode bus number 151 from mirabelle platz and
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00135-00106896-00107352 30 minutes later we were hiking and enjoying the mountains when you climb a mountain i'm pretty
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00136-00107352-00107864 sure that entitles you to a half a liter of beer as a tip there's an excellent restaurant once you
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00137-00107864-00108344 reach the mountain peak where you can enjoy a delicious alpine lunch you won't soon forget
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00138-00108896-00109392 all right so sam has some transportation info for us a quick note about transportation
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00139-00109392-00110040 so we ended up getting the weekly region salzburg stat and it was 19 euros per person
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00140-00110040-00110800 and guys this was fantastic it gave us the bus it gave us the tram it gave us even the regional
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00141-00110800-00111120 bus that allowed us to go up the mountains when we did that day hike
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00142-00111183-00111688 and the convenience of not having to go and buy a ticket every time and also the amount
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00143-00111688-00112144 of money you save like if you're here for two or three days three days for sure you're
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00144-00112144-00112688 definitely going to save money by getting this pass and we also saved our legs too by
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00145-00112688-00113240 being able to hop on the tram instead of walking all the way from our hotel into the city center
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00146-00113240-00113832 we were at least 20 minutes away so this allowed us to enjoy exploring and not arrive feeling tired
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00147-00114128-00114672 and that's it for our visit to salzburg austria we hope you enjoyed exploring the city with us
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00148-00114672-00115128 as always if you have any other suggestions of things to do in salzburg austria that you'd like
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00149-00115128-00115640 to share with fellow travelers feel free to leave those in the comments below and if you enjoyed
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00150-00115640-00116383 this video we invite you to like subscribe and stay tuned for more adventures thanks for watching
Q48w7BtTUoQ-00151-00118200-00118208 you
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Q9AUtltyRug-00000-00000096-00001032 hello aries um thank you for being here thank you for liking sharing commenting and subscribing to
Q9AUtltyRug-00001-00001032-00001807 the channel it means a lot please continue to do so uh like share comment subscribe to the
Q9AUtltyRug-00002-00001807-00002464 channel uh i think i just said that all links are below if you need to get in contact with me
Q9AUtltyRug-00003-00002544-00002896 so aries let's talk about this week for you and what it looks like for you
Q9AUtltyRug-00004-00002952-00003615 uh we're gonna pull three cards uh the first card will be uh what is going on for you this
Q9AUtltyRug-00005-00003615-00004152 week the situation this week and then it'll be the advice and then it'll be the outcome
Q9AUtltyRug-00006-00004152-00004832 okay if you take the advice of the cards that's the predicted outcome for you all right so let's
Q9AUtltyRug-00007-00004832-00005512 get into it thank you god for blessing aries with a clear concise message from you all right
Q9AUtltyRug-00008-00005512-00006064 so aries let's see what's coming towards you this week it's coming towards aries this week
Q9AUtltyRug-00009-00006288-00007064 it's coming towards aries this week okay the cards don't all right let's see what's coming towards
Q9AUtltyRug-00010-00007064-00007576 aries this week it's coming towards aries this weekend some of you are having a tough week
Q9AUtltyRug-00011-00007712-00008048 now you're waiting for decisions all right we have the magician here
Q9AUtltyRug-00012-00008176-00009056 um then you've got yourself and then the moon card okay yeah waiting for a decision here
Q9AUtltyRug-00013-00009056-00009544 the ace of swords at the bottom of the deck something that you've manifested something that
Q9AUtltyRug-00014-00009544-00010568 you you're thinking about your hopes wishes dreams um raw power you know taking you know taking uh
Q9AUtltyRug-00015-00010736-00011288 things into your own hands you know your dreams coming into fruition what can you do
Q9AUtltyRug-00016-00011288-00011696 to actually see them manifest so it's like you're doing some work you have done work
Q9AUtltyRug-00017-00011792-00012152 uh the advice is for you to be like yourself the emperor
Q9AUtltyRug-00018-00012208-00012576 know that you've created a very firm foundation this may have something to
Q9AUtltyRug-00019-00012712-00013208 but do with here you the emperor real estate it could have something to do with your home
Q9AUtltyRug-00020-00013208-00013840 feminine energy roots maybe you laying roots going back to your roots or something of
Q9AUtltyRug-00021-00013840-00014384 that nature really uh really combing through things combing over something from the past
Q9AUtltyRug-00022-00014752-00015232 so it's all it also talks about self-care so it's like you need to rest in the energy of
Q9AUtltyRug-00023-00015232-00015736 knowing that you've created this firm foundation for yourself and that things are working out for
Q9AUtltyRug-00024-00015736-00016352 you especially behind the scenes with the moon card and the outcome something that you are apart
Q9AUtltyRug-00025-00016352-00017128 from you're trying to get back to uh or someone's trying to get back to you now on the face you know
Q9AUtltyRug-00026-00017128-00017712 the face of these cards the face value it looks like someone's trying to manifest you someone who
Q9AUtltyRug-00027-00017712-00018288 could be married older already has a commitment already is established in life in almost
Q9AUtltyRug-00028-00018288-00018776 every different aspect you know their career in their home and their family they could be married
Q9AUtltyRug-00029-00018776-00019224 could have been married divorced so this would be someone who's well established
Q9AUtltyRug-00030-00019296-00019808 they could be trying to manifest you back into their existence they think about you at night or
Q9AUtltyRug-00031-00019808-00020448 this is you aries there's something about uh emotions not having processed them correctly
Q9AUtltyRug-00032-00020552-00021192 some repressed emotions lying to yourself and maybe others about how you feel about something
Q9AUtltyRug-00033-00021192-00021904 or someone but also in the absence of something or someone you're seeing something clearly it says no
Q9AUtltyRug-00034-00021904-00022584 distractions with the ace of swords so therefore you can you know there's mental clarity there's um
Q9AUtltyRug-00035-00022736-00023384 your mental capacity is working at 110 because now you don't have the distraction of you fill
Q9AUtltyRug-00036-00023384-00023928 in the blank um so now you're getting the truth of the matter or you're seeing the truth of the
Q9AUtltyRug-00037-00023928-00024416 matter things are adding up i don't know if you can see this but there are like calculations here
Q9AUtltyRug-00038-00024496-00025200 um in this this woman's mind you know you're adding things up you're getting very
Q9AUtltyRug-00039-00025200-00025504 truthful about what's going on or you're seeing some
Q9AUtltyRug-00040-00025504-00026088 some truth some clarity uh you could have had a conversation you could have cut something off
Q9AUtltyRug-00041-00026088-00026783 you're coming to the mindset that maybe you need to be firm frank about a situation
Q9AUtltyRug-00042-00026912-00027648 okay some of you this is just your manifestation power you get nothing but majors here and then
Q9AUtltyRug-00043-00027648-00028336 you have the minor arcana here but the aces are portals to the major arcana so it's like the
Q9AUtltyRug-00044-00028336-00029127 spirit is really working with you to see something through for you to go through for you to get um
Q9AUtltyRug-00045-00029264-00029816 but it's like they they couldn't you know really help you out until you got to a place of mental
Q9AUtltyRug-00046-00030208-00030439 that you decluttered mentally
Q9AUtltyRug-00047-00030720-00030983 let's see what this is about let's uh pull a card
Q9AUtltyRug-00048-00031208-00031744 for some of you you're waiting for information a yes answer an approval
Q9AUtltyRug-00049-00031864-00032504 um you manifested something large maybe a home or a home loan um
Q9AUtltyRug-00050-00032720-00033248 something to do with your family you have a lot of emotions tied to whatever this is
Q9AUtltyRug-00051-00033304-00034016 or whoever this is just saying what is this about occupation for so for some of you you
Q9AUtltyRug-00052-00034016-00034800 you do work independent work um you could be entrepreneurs independent contractors you do work
Q9AUtltyRug-00053-00034800-00035512 to where you you kind of set your schedule you set your hours um you're getting a lot of recognition
Q9AUtltyRug-00054-00035584-00036144 um someone is seeing you get your just do maybe get your flowers now
Q9AUtltyRug-00055-00036224-00036808 um especially if you do something outside of working for a company
Q9AUtltyRug-00056-00037000-00037576 you know you're getting your accolades people are really patronizing you you see the high
Q9AUtltyRug-00057-00037576-00038088 level of work that you do the time energy effort you put into whatever it is you do
Q9AUtltyRug-00058-00038520-00038896 occupation says that um you could actually see some change here
Q9AUtltyRug-00059-00039000-00039656 some of you definitely are business owners or you do something independently um and it looks good
Q9AUtltyRug-00060-00039656-00040240 people like it what is the moon card is the outcome was the moon card as the outcome
Q9AUtltyRug-00061-00040424-00040816 looks like you need to rethink maybe your personal philosophy about you
Q9AUtltyRug-00062-00040816-00041312 in a particular person you guys are very different think differently you don't see
Q9AUtltyRug-00063-00041312-00041848 life differently i mean you don't see life the same and maybe that's why there is conflict here
Q9AUtltyRug-00064-00041920-00042536 and something could be coming to completion too or conclusion like it is going to finally end
Q9AUtltyRug-00065-00042624-00043048 here um it could be between you and a person you and a thing
Q9AUtltyRug-00066-00043328-00044032 so we've got the five of pentacles the six of pentacles the magician again and the devil
Q9AUtltyRug-00067-00044032-00044688 so some of you may be um thinking of different ways that you can come out of maybe lack like
Q9AUtltyRug-00068-00044776-00045376 mentality some of you there's somebody here who you could be ignoring or they're ignoring you
Q9AUtltyRug-00069-00045376-00046112 because it's a third-party situation you know it's um it's taboo it's uh intoxicating it's
Q9AUtltyRug-00070-00046112-00046632 bad it's not the right choice it's something that's going to get somebody you know stuck
Q9AUtltyRug-00071-00046696-00047368 stuck in a cycle here um it's not harmony it's not perfect harmony like you would see in the
Q9AUtltyRug-00072-00047368-00048184 lovers card it is disharmony is um is dishonest for some of you whatever this may be uh what the
Q9AUtltyRug-00073-00048184-00048800 six of pentacles here is like somebody wants to wants you to set their sights on on them
Q9AUtltyRug-00074-00048800-00049472 they want to give you a gift or they want to give you something um that shows their i don't
Q9AUtltyRug-00075-00049472-00050000 know their good nature goodwill again this this looks like somebody's trying to manifest you
Q9AUtltyRug-00076-00050128-00050704 they're not offering much and they are letting you know that you're not the only person involved
Q9AUtltyRug-00077-00050840-00051488 yeah they definitely somebody definitely wants reconciliation with you star card um
Q9AUtltyRug-00078-00051767-00052016 let's see let's end this out
Q9AUtltyRug-00079-00052360-00052920 some of you you need to figure out how to get out of debt how to get out of um
Q9AUtltyRug-00080-00053055-00053384 yeah how to get out of debt
Q9AUtltyRug-00081-00053648-00054440 how to increase your profit you're getting help with something that has to do with
Q9AUtltyRug-00082-00054536-00055167 um how you make your money you may be getting some help in your business
Q9AUtltyRug-00083-00055608-00056184 uh things look good in terms of money because you got into a place of six of pentacles where
Q9AUtltyRug-00084-00056255-00056760 there's a is harmony in terms of the work that you do and then the money that you get yeah
Q9AUtltyRug-00085-00056760-00057584 this wanted to flip out can't get over you so it's either you or someone else um now you know i don't
Q9AUtltyRug-00086-00057640-00058000 a lot of times this card comes out when people are losing their relationship
Q9AUtltyRug-00087-00058112-00058744 now it could be um it could be specific like you are losing your home
Q9AUtltyRug-00088-00058816-00059504 and my heart goes out to to you i hope that everything works out to the to the best or for
Q9AUtltyRug-00089-00059504-00059936 the best um but a lot of times this comes out when people are losing a relationship
Q9AUtltyRug-00090-00059936-00060264 it seems like that would be the case because there's someone saying i can't get over you
Q9AUtltyRug-00091-00060320-00060688 or this is you aries it's like somebody knows that they're losing you so they're trying to draw
Q9AUtltyRug-00092-00060688-00061288 you back in you get the magician coming out twice somebody's trying to use their words really maybe
Q9AUtltyRug-00093-00061288-00061728 fast talk you double talk you say whatever it is they have to say to actually pull you back
Q9AUtltyRug-00094-00061728-00062567 in um the magician ruled by mercury definitely using their words um really eloquent in speech
Q9AUtltyRug-00095-00062567-00062967 they know how to put things together they can write really well they can really convince you
Q9AUtltyRug-00096-00063024-00063576 there's somebody who feels like you know their mental capacity is uh well above yours and they
Q9AUtltyRug-00097-00063576-00064128 can really just um i don't know fast talk you double talk you or maybe even give you a gift
Q9AUtltyRug-00098-00064216-00064784 with coupled with the fast talk um so that you would come back because they can't get over you
Q9AUtltyRug-00099-00064784-00065367 this one is just yeah caught cheating ah this is definitely a situation a third party situation so
Q9AUtltyRug-00100-00065367-00065816 i'm sorry to hear that i'm sorry that you're going through that um this could be someone
Q9AUtltyRug-00101-00065816-00066368 who's married with the high honor um aries do know that you have someone who you cut off
Q9AUtltyRug-00102-00066448-00066944 maybe or they cut you off i don't know you cut each other off somebody wants to come back they
Q9AUtltyRug-00103-00066944-00067560 can't get over you this is what i have for you if it resonates um go over to the website book there
Q9AUtltyRug-00104-00067624-00068072 get your um yeah you can get your own personal reading at the website level
Q9AUtltyRug-00105-00068072-00068576 you can ask a question or two by texting it to the number below and then you can pay for your
Q9AUtltyRug-00106-00068576-00068952 question receive the answer to your question on your mobile device you can also donate to
Q9AUtltyRug-00107-00068952-00069640 the channel by clicking the buy l a coffee link thank you guys many blessings to you take care