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0BAsUzpTkv8-00000-00000043-00000377 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar FRS listened
0BAsUzpTkv8-00001-00000378-00000695 the 19th of October 1910 to the 21st of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00002-00000696-00000923 August 1995 was an Indian American
0BAsUzpTkv8-00003-00000924-00001115 astrophysicist who spent his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00004-00001116-00001308 professional life in the United States
0BAsUzpTkv8-00005-00001309-00001648 he was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for
0BAsUzpTkv8-00006-00001650-00002005 Physics with William a Fowler fer
0BAsUzpTkv8-00007-00002005-00002234 theoretical studies of the physical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00008-00002235-00002471 processes of importance to the structure
0BAsUzpTkv8-00009-00002472-00002776 and evolution of the stars his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00010-00002777-00002948 mathematical treatment of stellar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00011-00002949-00003137 evolution yielded many of the best
0BAsUzpTkv8-00012-00003138-00003322 current theoretical models of the later
0BAsUzpTkv8-00013-00003323-00003578 evolutionary stages of massive stars and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00014-00003579-00003854 black holes the Chandrasekhar limit is
0BAsUzpTkv8-00015-00003854-00004151 named after him Chandra Shekar worked on
0BAsUzpTkv8-00016-00004152-00004381 a wide variety of physical problems in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00017-00004382-00004550 his lifetime contributing to the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00018-00004551-00004736 contemporary understanding of stellar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00019-00004737-00004963 structure white dwarfs stellar dynamics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00020-00004964-00005231 stochastic process radiative transfer
0BAsUzpTkv8-00021-00005232-00005443 the quantum theory of the hydrogen and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00022-00005444-00005684 ion hydrodynamic and hydro magnetic
0BAsUzpTkv8-00023-00005685-00005936 stability turbulence equilibrium and the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00024-00005937-00006131 stability of ellipsoidal figures of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00025-00006132-00006300 equilibrium general relativity
0BAsUzpTkv8-00026-00006301-00006539 mathematical theory of black holes and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00027-00006540-00006734 theory of colliding gravitational waves
0BAsUzpTkv8-00028-00006734-00007001 at the University of Cambridge
0BAsUzpTkv8-00029-00007002-00007145 he developed a theoretical model
0BAsUzpTkv8-00030-00007145-00007345 explaining the structure of white dwarf
0BAsUzpTkv8-00031-00007347-00007502 stars that took into account the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00032-00007503-00007712 relativistic variation of mass with the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00033-00007713-00007921 velocities of electrons that comprise
0BAsUzpTkv8-00034-00007922-00008030 their degenerate matter
0BAsUzpTkv8-00035-00008031-00008249 he showed that the mass of a white dwarf
0BAsUzpTkv8-00036-00008250-00008477 could not exceed one point four four
0BAsUzpTkv8-00037-00008478-00008678 times that of the Sun the Chandrasekhar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00038-00008679-00008971 limit Chandra Shekar revised the models
0BAsUzpTkv8-00039-00008972-00009178 of stellar dynamics first outlined by
0BAsUzpTkv8-00040-00009179-00009371 Jan Oort and others by considering the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00041-00009372-00009574 effects of fluctuating gravitational
0BAsUzpTkv8-00042-00009575-00009773 fields within the Milky Way on stars
0BAsUzpTkv8-00043-00009774-00010052 rotating about the galactic center his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00044-00010053-00010262 solution to this complex dynamical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00045-00010263-00010496 problem involved a set of 20 partial
0BAsUzpTkv8-00046-00010497-00010696 differential equations describing a new
0BAsUzpTkv8-00047-00010697-00010880 quantity he termed dynamical friction
0BAsUzpTkv8-00048-00010881-00011066 which has the dual effects of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00049-00011067-00011246 decelerating the star and helping to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00050-00011247-00011524 stabilize clusters of stars Chandra
0BAsUzpTkv8-00051-00011525-00011723 Shekar extended this analysis to the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00052-00011724-00011914 interstellar medium showing that clouds
0BAsUzpTkv8-00053-00011915-00012142 of galactic gas and dust are distributed
0BAsUzpTkv8-00054-00012143-00012470 very unevenly Chandra Shekar studied at
0BAsUzpTkv8-00055-00012471-00012713 Presidency College Madras now Chennai
0BAsUzpTkv8-00056-00012714-00012902 and the University of Cambridge a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00057-00012903-00013102 longtime professor at the University of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00058-00013103-00013322 Chicago he did some of his studies at
0BAsUzpTkv8-00059-00013322-00013402 the Yerkes of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00060-00013403-00013569 Kotori and served as editor of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00061-00013570-00013947 Astrophysical Journal from 1952 to 1971
0BAsUzpTkv8-00062-00013949-00014230 he was on the faculty at Chicago from
0BAsUzpTkv8-00063-00014231-00014575 1937 until his death in 1995 at the age
0BAsUzpTkv8-00064-00014576-00014788 of 84 and was the Morton D Hall
0BAsUzpTkv8-00065-00014788-00014965 Distinguished Service professor of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00066-00014966-00015178 theoretical astrophysics Chandrasekhar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00067-00015179-00015405 married lalitha Dori Swamy in September
0BAsUzpTkv8-00068-00015406-00015751 1936 he had met her as a fellow student
0BAsUzpTkv8-00069-00015752-00016060 at Presidency College Madras Chandra
0BAsUzpTkv8-00070-00016061-00016285 Shekar was the nephew of CV Raman who
0BAsUzpTkv8-00071-00016286-00016447 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00072-00016448-00016792 in 1930 he became a naturalized citizen
0BAsUzpTkv8-00073-00016793-00017188 of the u.s. in 1953 others considered
0BAsUzpTkv8-00074-00017189-00017452 him as warm positive generous unassuming
0BAsUzpTkv8-00075-00017453-00017697 meticulous and open to debate as well as
0BAsUzpTkv8-00076-00017698-00017914 private intimidating impatient and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00077-00017915-00018109 stubborn regarding non scientific
0BAsUzpTkv8-00078-00018110-00018283 matters and unforgiving to those who
0BAsUzpTkv8-00079-00018284-00018678 ridiculed his work
0BAsUzpTkv8-00080-00018679-00019275 topic early life in education
0BAsUzpTkv8-00081-00019276-00019530 Chandra Shekar was born on the 19th of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00082-00019531-00019824 October 1910 in Lahore Punjab British
0BAsUzpTkv8-00083-00019825-00020049 India now Pakistan in a Tamil Brahmin
0BAsUzpTkv8-00084-00020050-00020316 family to sit election a divan Bahadur
0BAsUzpTkv8-00085-00020317-00020639 Bala Krishnan 1891 to 1931 and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00086-00020640-00020955 Chandrashekhar subrahmanya Iyer 1885 to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00087-00020956-00021192 1960 who was stationed in Lahore as
0BAsUzpTkv8-00088-00021193-00021350 deputy Auditor General of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00089-00021351-00021528 northwestern railways at the time of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00090-00021529-00021797 Chandrasekhar's birth he had two elder
0BAsUzpTkv8-00091-00021798-00022041 sisters Raja Lakshmi and Bala Parvathi
0BAsUzpTkv8-00092-00022042-00022280 three younger brothers Vishwanathan Bala
0BAsUzpTkv8-00093-00022281-00022500 Krishnan and Ramanathan and four younger
0BAsUzpTkv8-00094-00022501-00022827 sisters Sarada Vidya Savitri and sundori
0BAsUzpTkv8-00095-00022828-00023069 his paternal uncle was the Indian
0BAsUzpTkv8-00096-00023070-00023308 physicist and Nobel laureate CV Raman
0BAsUzpTkv8-00097-00023309-00023583 his mother was devoted to intellectual
0BAsUzpTkv8-00098-00023584-00023828 pursuits had translated Henrik Ibsen's a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00099-00023829-00024044 doll's house into Tamil and is credited
0BAsUzpTkv8-00100-00024045-00024212 with arousing Chandra's intellectual
0BAsUzpTkv8-00101-00024213-00024516 curiosity at an early age the family
0BAsUzpTkv8-00102-00024517-00024786 moved from Lahore to Allahabad in 1916
0BAsUzpTkv8-00103-00024787-00025108 and finally settled in Madras in 1918
0BAsUzpTkv8-00104-00025109-00025368 Chandra Shekar was tutored at home until
0BAsUzpTkv8-00105-00025369-00025599 the age of 12 in middle school his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00106-00025600-00025784 father would teach him mathematics and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00107-00025785-00025940 physics and his mother would teach him
0BAsUzpTkv8-00108-00025941-00026214 Tamil he later attended the Hindu High
0BAsUzpTkv8-00109-00026214-00026436 School Triplicane Madras during the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00110-00026437-00026868 years 1922 225 subsequently he studied
0BAsUzpTkv8-00111-00026869-00027158 at Presidency College Madras from 1925
0BAsUzpTkv8-00112-00027159-00027446 to 1930 writing his first paper the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00113-00027447-00027608 Compton scattering and the new
0BAsUzpTkv8-00114-00027609-00027975 statistics in 1929 after being inspired
0BAsUzpTkv8-00115-00027976-00028271 by a lecture by Arnold Sommerfeld he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00116-00028272-00028539 obtained his bachelor's degree BSC hun
0BAsUzpTkv8-00117-00028539-00028964 in physics in June 1930 in July 1930
0BAsUzpTkv8-00118-00028966-00029183 Chandra Shekar was awarded a Government
0BAsUzpTkv8-00119-00029184-00029349 of India scholarship to pursue graduate
0BAsUzpTkv8-00120-00029350-00029574 studies at the University of Cambridge
0BAsUzpTkv8-00121-00029575-00029777 where he was admitted to Trinity College
0BAsUzpTkv8-00122-00029778-00030062 Cambridge secured by RH Fowler with whom
0BAsUzpTkv8-00123-00030063-00030333 he communicated his first paper during
0BAsUzpTkv8-00124-00030333-00030458 his travels to England
0BAsUzpTkv8-00125-00030459-00030654 Chandrasekhar spent his time working out
0BAsUzpTkv8-00126-00030655-00030815 the statistical mechanics of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00127-00030816-00031035 degenerate electron gas in white dwarf
0BAsUzpTkv8-00128-00031036-00031275 stars providing relativistic Corrections
0BAsUzpTkv8-00129-00031276-00031479 to fellows previous work see legacy
0BAsUzpTkv8-00130-00031480-00031790 below in his first year at Cambridge as
0BAsUzpTkv8-00131-00031791-00031929 a research student of Fowler
0BAsUzpTkv8-00132-00031930-00032160 Chandrasekhar spent his time calculating
0BAsUzpTkv8-00133-00032161-00032390 mean opacities and applying his results
0BAsUzpTkv8-00134-00032391-00032580 to the construction of an improved model
0BAsUzpTkv8-00135-00032581-00032649 for the limiting
0BAsUzpTkv8-00136-00032650-00032874 mass of the degenerate star at the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00137-00032875-00033000 meetings of the Royal Astronomical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00138-00033001-00033333 Society he met ei Milne at the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00139-00033334-00033543 invitation of Max Born he spent the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00140-00033544-00033792 summer of 1931 his second year of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00141-00033793-00034029 postgraduate studies at borns Institute
0BAsUzpTkv8-00142-00034030-00034272 at good 'man working on opacities atomic
0BAsUzpTkv8-00143-00034273-00034461 absorption coefficients and models
0BAsUzpTkv8-00144-00034462-00034710 stellar photo spheres on the advice of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00145-00034711-00034971 p.m. Dirac he spent his final year of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00146-00034972-00035169 graduate studies at the Institute for
0BAsUzpTkv8-00147-00035170-00035382 Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen where
0BAsUzpTkv8-00148-00035383-00035673 he met Niels Bohr after receiving a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00149-00035674-00035871 bronze medal for his work on degenerate
0BAsUzpTkv8-00150-00035872-00036086 stars in the summer of 1933
0BAsUzpTkv8-00151-00036087-00036375 Chandrasekhar was awarded his PhD degree
0BAsUzpTkv8-00152-00036376-00036549 at Cambridge with a thesis among his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00153-00036550-00036777 four papers on rotating self-gravitating
0BAsUzpTkv8-00154-00036778-00037026 poly tropes in the following October he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00155-00037027-00037206 was elected to a prize fellowship at
0BAsUzpTkv8-00156-00037207-00037482 Trinity College for the period 1933 to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00157-00037483-00037878 1937 during this time Chandrasekhar made
0BAsUzpTkv8-00158-00037879-00038064 acquaintance with British physicist Sir
0BAsUzpTkv8-00159-00038065-00038289 Arthur Eddington in an infamous
0BAsUzpTkv8-00160-00038290-00038424 encounter at the Royal Astronomical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00161-00038425-00038765 Society in London in 1935 Eddington
0BAsUzpTkv8-00162-00038766-00038961 publicly ridiculed the concept of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00163-00038962-00039213 Chandrasekhar limit although Eddington
0BAsUzpTkv8-00164-00039214-00039426 would later be proved wrong by computers
0BAsUzpTkv8-00165-00039427-00039645 and the first positive identification of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00166-00039646-00039915 a black hole in 1972 this encounter
0BAsUzpTkv8-00167-00039916-00040113 caused Chandrasekhar to contemplate
0BAsUzpTkv8-00168-00040114-00040421 employment outside the UK later in life
0BAsUzpTkv8-00169-00040422-00040626 on multiple occasions Chandra Shekar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00170-00040627-00040794 expressed the view that edingtons
0BAsUzpTkv8-00171-00040795-00041370 behavior was in part racially motivated
0BAsUzpTkv8-00172-00041371-00041862 epic career and research
0BAsUzpTkv8-00173-00041863-00042362 topic early career
0BAsUzpTkv8-00174-00042363-00042701 in January 1937 Chandrasekar was
0BAsUzpTkv8-00175-00042702-00042911 recruited to the University of Chicago
0BAsUzpTkv8-00176-00042912-00043148 faculty as assistant professor by Otto's
0BAsUzpTkv8-00177-00043149-00043319 true band president robert maynard
0BAsUzpTkv8-00178-00043320-00043556 hutchins he was to remain at the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00179-00043557-00043718 University for his entire career
0BAsUzpTkv8-00180-00043719-00043937 becoming Morton D Hall Distinguished
0BAsUzpTkv8-00181-00043938-00044111 Service professor of theoretical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00182-00044112-00044381 astrophysics in 1952 and attaining
0BAsUzpTkv8-00183-00044382-00044837 emeritus status in 1985 in 1953 he and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00184-00044838-00045044 his wife Lalitha Chandra Shekar took
0BAsUzpTkv8-00185-00045045-00045278 American citizenship famously
0BAsUzpTkv8-00186-00045279-00045509 Chandrasekhar declined many offers from
0BAsUzpTkv8-00187-00045510-00045710 other universities including one to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00188-00045711-00045890 succeed Henry Norris Russell the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00189-00045891-00046073 preeminent American astronomer as
0BAsUzpTkv8-00190-00046074-00046262 director of the Princeton University
0BAsUzpTkv8-00191-00046263-00046577 observatory Chandra Shekar did some work
0BAsUzpTkv8-00192-00046578-00046805 at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay
0BAsUzpTkv8-00193-00046806-00046985 Wisconsin which was run by the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00194-00046986-00047261 University of Chicago after the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00195-00047262-00047480 laboratory for astrophysics and space
0BAsUzpTkv8-00196-00047481-00047870 research LasR was built by NASA in 1966
0BAsUzpTkv8-00197-00047871-00048032 at the University Chandra Shekar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00198-00048033-00048266 occupied one of the four corner offices
0BAsUzpTkv8-00199-00048267-00048518 on the second floor the other corners
0BAsUzpTkv8-00200-00048519-00048758 housed John a Simpson Peter Meyer and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00201-00048759-00048980 Eugene and Parker Chandra Shekar lived
0BAsUzpTkv8-00202-00048981-00049259 at 4800 Lakeshore Drive after the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00203-00049260-00049475 high-rise apartment complex was built in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00204-00049476-00049850 the late 1960s and later at 5550
0BAsUzpTkv8-00205-00049851-00050220 Dorchester building
0BAsUzpTkv8-00206-00050221-00050751 topic World War two
0BAsUzpTkv8-00207-00050752-00050997 during World War two Chandra Shekar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00208-00050998-00051156 worked at the ballistic research
0BAsUzpTkv8-00209-00051157-00051304 laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving
0BAsUzpTkv8-00210-00051304-00051535 Ground in Maryland while there he worked
0BAsUzpTkv8-00211-00051536-00051760 on problems of ballistics resulting in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00212-00051761-00052048 reports such as 1943's on the decay of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00213-00052049-00052273 plane shockwaves optimum height for the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00214-00052274-00052528 bursting of a 105 millimeter shell on
0BAsUzpTkv8-00215-00052529-00052701 the conditions for the existence of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00216-00052702-00052857 three shockwaves and the normal
0BAsUzpTkv8-00217-00052858-00053110 reflection of a blast wave Chandra
0BAsUzpTkv8-00218-00053111-00053349 shakers expertise in hydrodynamics led
0BAsUzpTkv8-00219-00053350-00053562 robert Oppenheimer to invite him to join
0BAsUzpTkv8-00220-00053563-00053803 the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos but
0BAsUzpTkv8-00221-00053804-00054000 delays in the processing of his security
0BAsUzpTkv8-00222-00054001-00054129 clearance prevented him from
0BAsUzpTkv8-00223-00054130-00054405 contributing to the project it has been
0BAsUzpTkv8-00224-00054406-00054571 rumoured that he visited the calutron
0BAsUzpTkv8-00225-00054572-00054784 project where he suggested that young
0BAsUzpTkv8-00226-00054785-00054942 women be employed to operate the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00227-00054943-00055188 calutron producing enriched radioactive
0BAsUzpTkv8-00228-00055189-00055645 materials for the atomic weapons
0BAsUzpTkv8-00229-00055646-00056304 topic philosophy of systematization he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00230-00056305-00056485 wrote that his scientific research was
0BAsUzpTkv8-00231-00056486-00056716 motivated by his desire to participate
0BAsUzpTkv8-00232-00056716-00056920 in the progress of different subjects in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00233-00056921-00057115 science to the best of his ability and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00234-00057116-00057279 that the prime mode of underlying his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00235-00057280-00057472 work was systematization what a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00236-00057473-00057721 scientist tries to do essentially as to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00237-00057722-00057966 select a certain domain a certain aspect
0BAsUzpTkv8-00238-00057967-00058204 or a certain detail and see if that
0BAsUzpTkv8-00239-00058204-00058447 takes its appropriate place in a general
0BAsUzpTkv8-00240-00058448-00058678 scheme which has form and coherence and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00241-00058679-00058929 if not to seek further information which
0BAsUzpTkv8-00242-00058930-00059094 would help him to do that
0BAsUzpTkv8-00243-00059095-00059350 Chandra Shekar developed a unique style
0BAsUzpTkv8-00244-00059351-00059541 of mastering several fields of physics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00245-00059542-00059773 and astrophysics consequently his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00246-00059774-00059932 working life can be divided into
0BAsUzpTkv8-00247-00059933-00060199 distinct periods he would exhaustively
0BAsUzpTkv8-00248-00060200-00060421 study a specific area published several
0BAsUzpTkv8-00249-00060422-00060586 papers in it and then write a book
0BAsUzpTkv8-00250-00060587-00060784 summarizing the major concepts in the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00251-00060785-00060991 field he would then move on to another
0BAsUzpTkv8-00252-00060991-00061225 field for the next decade and repeat the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00253-00061226-00061450 pattern thus he studied stellar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00254-00061451-00061645 structure including the theory of white
0BAsUzpTkv8-00255-00061646-00062014 dwarfs during the years 1929 to 1939 and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00256-00062015-00062209 subsequently focused on stellar dynamics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00257-00062210-00062527 theory of Brownian motion from 1939 to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00258-00062528-00062904 1943 next he concentrated on the theory
0BAsUzpTkv8-00259-00062905-00063094 of radiative transfer in the quantum
0BAsUzpTkv8-00260-00063095-00063298 theory of the negative ion of hydrogen
0BAsUzpTkv8-00261-00063299-00063697 from 1943 to 1950 this was followed by
0BAsUzpTkv8-00262-00063698-00063874 sustained work on turbulence and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00263-00063875-00064078 hydrodynamic and hydro magnetic
0BAsUzpTkv8-00264-00064079-00064573 stability from 1950 to 1961 in the 1960s
0BAsUzpTkv8-00265-00064574-00064744 he studied the equilibrium and the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00266-00064745-00064939 stability of ellipsoidal figures of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00267-00064940-00065175 equilibrium and also general relativity
0BAsUzpTkv8-00268-00065176-00065596 during the period 1971 to 1983 he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00269-00065597-00065794 studied the mathematical theory of black
0BAsUzpTkv8-00270-00065795-00066043 holes and finally during the late 80s he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00271-00066044-00066190 worked on the theory of colliding
0BAsUzpTkv8-00272-00066191-00066647 gravitational waves
0BAsUzpTkv8-00273-00066648-00067102 topic work with students
0BAsUzpTkv8-00274-00067103-00067354 Chandra worked closely with his students
0BAsUzpTkv8-00275-00067355-00067525 and expressed pride in the fact that
0BAsUzpTkv8-00276-00067526-00067807 over a 50-year period from roughly 1930
0BAsUzpTkv8-00277-00067808-00068068 to 1980 the average age of his co-author
0BAsUzpTkv8-00278-00068069-00068278 collaborators had remained the same at
0BAsUzpTkv8-00279-00068279-00068560 around 30 he insisted that students
0BAsUzpTkv8-00280-00068561-00068872 address him as Chandra Shekar until they
0BAsUzpTkv8-00281-00068873-00069097 received their PhD degree after which
0BAsUzpTkv8-00282-00069098-00069265 time they as other colleagues were
0BAsUzpTkv8-00283-00069266-00069490 encouraged to address him as Chandra
0BAsUzpTkv8-00284-00069491-00069739 when Chandra Shekar was working at the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00285-00069740-00070003 Yerkes observatory in 1940's he would
0BAsUzpTkv8-00286-00070004-00070363 drive 150 miles 240 kilometers to and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00287-00070364-00070549 fro every weekend to teach a course at
0BAsUzpTkv8-00288-00070550-00070822 the University of Chicago two of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00289-00070823-00071053 students who took the course son Dalian
0BAsUzpTkv8-00290-00071054-00071242 Chen Ying Yong won the Nobel Prize
0BAsUzpTkv8-00291-00071243-00071463 before he could get one for himself
0BAsUzpTkv8-00292-00071464-00071722 regarding classroom interactions during
0BAsUzpTkv8-00293-00071723-00071956 his lectures noted astrophysicist Carl
0BAsUzpTkv8-00294-00071957-00072103 Sagan stated from firsthand experience
0BAsUzpTkv8-00295-00072104-00072484 that frivolous questions from unprepared
0BAsUzpTkv8-00296-00072485-00072691 students were dealt with in the manner
0BAsUzpTkv8-00297-00072692-00072997 of a summary execution while questions
0BAsUzpTkv8-00298-00072998-00073225 of Merit were given serious attention
0BAsUzpTkv8-00299-00073226-00073510 and response
0BAsUzpTkv8-00300-00073511-00073663 you
0BAsUzpTkv8-00301-00073664-00074202 topic other activities
0BAsUzpTkv8-00302-00074203-00074598 from 1952 to 1971 Chandrasekhar was
0BAsUzpTkv8-00303-00074599-00074877 editor of the Astrophysical Journal when
0BAsUzpTkv8-00304-00074878-00075093 Eugene Parker submitted a paper on his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00305-00075094-00075390 discovery of solar wind in 1957 two
0BAsUzpTkv8-00306-00075391-00075593 eminent reviewers rejected the paper
0BAsUzpTkv8-00307-00075594-00075873 however since Chandra as an editor could
0BAsUzpTkv8-00308-00075874-00076077 not find any mathematical flaws in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00309-00076078-00076248 Parker's work he went ahead and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00310-00076249-00076467 published the paper in 1958
0BAsUzpTkv8-00311-00076468-00076743 during the years 1990 to 1995
0BAsUzpTkv8-00312-00076744-00076878 Chandrasekhar worked on a project
0BAsUzpTkv8-00313-00076879-00077079 devoted to explaining the detailed
0BAsUzpTkv8-00314-00077080-00077268 geometric arguments in Sir Isaac
0BAsUzpTkv8-00315-00077269-00077475 Newton's philosophiæ naturalis principia
0BAsUzpTkv8-00316-00077476-00077700 mathematica using the language and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00317-00077701-00077976 methods of ordinary calculus the effort
0BAsUzpTkv8-00318-00077977-00078138 resulted in the book Newton's Principia
0BAsUzpTkv8-00319-00078139-00078464 for the common reader published in 1995
0BAsUzpTkv8-00320-00078465-00078723 Chandra Shekar was an honorary member of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00321-00078724-00079224 the International Academy of Science
0BAsUzpTkv8-00322-00079225-00079761 topic personal life
0BAsUzpTkv8-00323-00079762-00079974 Chandra Shekar died of a sudden heart
0BAsUzpTkv8-00324-00079975-00080160 attack at the University of Chicago
0BAsUzpTkv8-00325-00080161-00080501 Hospital in 1995 having survived a prior
0BAsUzpTkv8-00326-00080502-00080865 heart attack in 1975 he was survived by
0BAsUzpTkv8-00327-00080866-00081096 his wife Lalitha Chandra Shekar who died
0BAsUzpTkv8-00328-00081097-00081326 on the 2nd of September 2013 at the age
0BAsUzpTkv8-00329-00081327-00081657 of 102 he was a serious student of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00330-00081658-00081873 literature in western classical music
0BAsUzpTkv8-00331-00081874-00082059 once when involved in a discussion about
0BAsUzpTkv8-00332-00082060-00082296 the Gita Chandra Shekar said I should
0BAsUzpTkv8-00333-00082297-00082467 like to preface my remarks with a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00334-00082468-00082671 personal statement in order that my
0BAsUzpTkv8-00335-00082672-00082905 later remarks will not be misunderstood
0BAsUzpTkv8-00336-00082906-00083292 I consider myself an atheist this was
0BAsUzpTkv8-00337-00083293-00083487 also confirmed many times in his other
0BAsUzpTkv8-00338-00083488-00083694 talks in an interview with Kevin
0BAsUzpTkv8-00339-00083695-00083865 Christian is at the University of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00340-00083866-00084159 Chicago on the 6th of October 1987
0BAsUzpTkv8-00341-00084160-00084429 Chandrasekhar commented of course he
0BAsUzpTkv8-00342-00084430-00084666 Otto's truth knew I was an atheist and
0BAsUzpTkv8-00343-00084667-00085091 he never brought up the subject with me
0BAsUzpTkv8-00344-00085092-00085271 you
0BAsUzpTkv8-00345-00085272-00085903 topic Awards honors and legacy
0BAsUzpTkv8-00346-00085904-00086428 topic Nobel Prize
0BAsUzpTkv8-00347-00086429-00086659 Chandra Shekar was awarded the Nobel
0BAsUzpTkv8-00348-00086660-00086941 Prize in Physics in 1983 for his studies
0BAsUzpTkv8-00349-00086942-00087144 on the physical process is important to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00350-00087145-00087350 the structure and evolution of stars
0BAsUzpTkv8-00351-00087351-00087618 Chandra Shekar accepted this honor but
0BAsUzpTkv8-00352-00087619-00087823 was upset the citation mentioned only
0BAsUzpTkv8-00353-00087824-00087981 his earliest work seeing it as a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00354-00087982-00088186 denigration of a lifetime's achievement
0BAsUzpTkv8-00355-00088187-00088706 he shared it with William a Fowler
0BAsUzpTkv8-00356-00088707-00089210 topic other Awards
0BAsUzpTkv8-00357-00089211-00089724 topic legacy
0BAsUzpTkv8-00358-00089725-00089950 Chandrasekhar's most notable work was
0BAsUzpTkv8-00359-00089951-00090128 the Astrophysical Chandrasekhar limit
0BAsUzpTkv8-00360-00090129-00090406 the limit describes the maximum mass of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00361-00090407-00090724 a white dwarf star approximately 1.4 for
0BAsUzpTkv8-00362-00090725-00090974 solar masses or equivalently the minimum
0BAsUzpTkv8-00363-00090975-00091172 mass which must be exceeded for a star
0BAsUzpTkv8-00364-00091173-00091361 to ultimately collapse into a neutron
0BAsUzpTkv8-00365-00091362-00091588 star or black hole following a supernova
0BAsUzpTkv8-00366-00091589-00091855 the limit was first calculated by
0BAsUzpTkv8-00367-00091856-00092107 Chandra Shekar in 1930 during his maiden
0BAsUzpTkv8-00368-00092108-00092324 voyage from India to Cambridge England
0BAsUzpTkv8-00369-00092325-00092701 for his graduate studies in 1979 NASA
0BAsUzpTkv8-00370-00092702-00092903 named the third of its four Great
0BAsUzpTkv8-00371-00092904-00093217 observatories after Chandrasekhar this
0BAsUzpTkv8-00372-00093218-00093386 followed a naming contest which
0BAsUzpTkv8-00373-00093387-00093647 attracted 6000 entries from 50 states
0BAsUzpTkv8-00374-00093648-00093930 and 61 countries the Chandra x-ray
0BAsUzpTkv8-00375-00093931-00094150 Observatory was launched and deployed by
0BAsUzpTkv8-00376-00094151-00094391 space shuttle Columbia on the 23rd of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00377-00094392-00094748 July 1999 the Chandra Shekar number an
0BAsUzpTkv8-00378-00094749-00094922 important dimensionless number of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00379-00094923-00095153 magnetohydrodynamics is named after him
0BAsUzpTkv8-00380-00095154-00095522 the asteroid 1958 Chandra is also named
0BAsUzpTkv8-00381-00095523-00095737 after Chandra Shekar the Himalayan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00382-00095738-00095948 Chandra telescope is named after him in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00383-00095949-00096191 the biographical memoirs of the Fellows
0BAsUzpTkv8-00384-00096192-00096412 of the Royal Society of London R Jay
0BAsUzpTkv8-00385-00096413-00096641 Taylor wrote Chandra Shekar was a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00386-00096642-00096878 classical applied mathematician whose
0BAsUzpTkv8-00387-00096879-00097079 research was primarily applied in
0BAsUzpTkv8-00388-00097080-00097312 astronomy and whose like will probably
0BAsUzpTkv8-00389-00097313-00097500 never be seen again
0BAsUzpTkv8-00390-00097501-00097780 Chandrasekhar guided 45 students to
0BAsUzpTkv8-00391-00097781-00098032 their PhDs after his death his widow
0BAsUzpTkv8-00392-00098033-00098234 lalitha Chandra Shekar made a gift of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00393-00098235-00098447 his nobel prize money to the university
0BAsUzpTkv8-00394-00098448-00098660 of chicago towards the establishment of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00395-00098661-00098857 the Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar memorial
0BAsUzpTkv8-00396-00098858-00099110 fellowship first awarded in the year
0BAsUzpTkv8-00397-00099111-00099343 2000 this fellowship is given annually
0BAsUzpTkv8-00398-00099344-00099562 to an outstanding applicant to graduate
0BAsUzpTkv8-00399-00099563-00099787 school in the PhD programs of the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00400-00099788-00099979 department of physics or the department
0BAsUzpTkv8-00401-00099980-00100172 of astronomy and astrophysics the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00402-00100173-00100415 Chandra astrophysics Institute CAI is a
0BAsUzpTkv8-00403-00100416-00100624 program offered for high school students
0BAsUzpTkv8-00404-00100625-00100801 who are interested in astrophysics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00405-00100802-00101056 mentored by MIT scientists and sponsored
0BAsUzpTkv8-00406-00101057-00101268 by the Chandra x-ray Observatory
0BAsUzpTkv8-00407-00101269-00101528 American astronomer Carl Sagan who
0BAsUzpTkv8-00408-00101529-00101723 studied mathematics under Chandra Shekar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00409-00101724-00101956 at the University of Chicago praised him
0BAsUzpTkv8-00410-00101957-00102142 in the book the demon haunted world I
0BAsUzpTkv8-00411-00102143-00102322 discovered what true mathematical
0BAsUzpTkv8-00412-00102323-00102505 elegance is from Subrahmanyan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00413-00102506-00102841 Chandrasekhar on the 19th of October
0BAsUzpTkv8-00414-00102842-00103094 2017 google showed a google dude
0BAsUzpTkv8-00415-00103095-00103343 in 28 countries honoring Chandrasekhar's
0BAsUzpTkv8-00416-00103344-00103558 107th birthday and the Chandrasekhar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00417-00103559-00103826 limit in 2010 on account of Chandra's
0BAsUzpTkv8-00418-00103827-00104086 100th birthday University of Chicago
0BAsUzpTkv8-00419-00104088-00104306 conducted a symposium titled Chandra
0BAsUzpTkv8-00420-00104307-00104567 Shekar centennial symposium 2010 which
0BAsUzpTkv8-00421-00104568-00104774 was attended by leading astrophysicists
0BAsUzpTkv8-00422-00104775-00105044 such as Roger Penrose Kip Thorne Freeman
0BAsUzpTkv8-00423-00105045-00105314 Dyson giant V narlikar Rasheed Sunday
0BAsUzpTkv8-00424-00105315-00105620 g-string Eve asan and Clifford well it's
0BAsUzpTkv8-00425-00105621-00105881 research talks were published in 2011 as
0BAsUzpTkv8-00426-00105882-00106100 a book titled fluid flows to black holes
0BAsUzpTkv8-00427-00106101-00106316 a tribute to s Chandra Shekar on his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00428-00106317-00106704 birth centenary
0BAsUzpTkv8-00429-00106705-00107240 topic publications
0BAsUzpTkv8-00430-00107241-00107708 topic books
0BAsUzpTkv8-00431-00107708-00108176 topic notes
0BAsUzpTkv8-00432-00108177-00108654 topic journals
0BAsUzpTkv8-00433-00108655-00108948 Chandra Shekar had published around 380
0BAsUzpTkv8-00434-00108949-00109176 papers in his lifetime he wrote his
0BAsUzpTkv8-00435-00109177-00109449 first paper in 1928 when he was still an
0BAsUzpTkv8-00436-00109450-00109635 undergraduate student about Compton
0BAsUzpTkv8-00437-00109636-00109833 effect and last paper which was accepted
0BAsUzpTkv8-00438-00109834-00110052 for publication just two months before
0BAsUzpTkv8-00439-00110053-00110298 his death was in 1995 which was about
0BAsUzpTkv8-00440-00110299-00110574 non radial oscillation of star the
0BAsUzpTkv8-00441-00110575-00110775 University of Chicago Press published
0BAsUzpTkv8-00442-00110776-00111031 selected papers of Chandrasekhar in 7
0BAsUzpTkv8-00443-00111032-00111440 volumes
0BAsUzpTkv8-00444-00111441-00111943 pick books about Chandrasekhar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00445-00111944-00112460 topic references
0BAsUzpTkv8-00446-00112461-00113004 topic external links
0BAsUzpTkv8-00447-00113005-00113238 great Indians professor Subrahmanyan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00448-00113239-00113481 Chandrasekhar video of Chandra's last
0BAsUzpTkv8-00449-00113482-00113783 interview at Chicago audio Subrahmanyan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00450-00113784-00114069 Chandrasekhar 1988 the founding of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00451-00114070-00114260 general relativity and its excellence
0BAsUzpTkv8-00452-00114261-00114588 one audio came Gaye 2010 astronomy cast
0BAsUzpTkv8-00453-00114589-00114783 Chandra Shekar National Academy of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00454-00114783-00115017 Sciences biography Harvard sight on
0BAsUzpTkv8-00455-00115018-00115136 Chandra Shekar Subrahmanyan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00456-00115138-00115360 Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
0BAsUzpTkv8-00457-00115361-00115608 Subramaniam Chandrashekhar Bruce medal
0BAsUzpTkv8-00458-00115608-00115899 page awarding of Bruce medal pas P six
0BAsUzpTkv8-00459-00115900-00116193 four one nine five two five five oral
0BAsUzpTkv8-00460-00116194-00116360 history interview transcript with
0BAsUzpTkv8-00461-00116361-00116631 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 17 the 18th
0BAsUzpTkv8-00462-00116632-00117075 of May 1977 and the 31st of October 1977
0BAsUzpTkv8-00463-00117076-00117321 American Institute of Physics niels bohr
0BAsUzpTkv8-00464-00117322-00117558 library and archives oral history
0BAsUzpTkv8-00465-00117558-00117732 interview transcript with Subrahmanyan
0BAsUzpTkv8-00466-00117733-00118041 Chandrasekhar the sixth of October 1987
0BAsUzpTkv8-00467-00118042-00118283 American Institute of Physics niels bohr
0BAsUzpTkv8-00468-00118284-00118515 library and archives mathematics
0BAsUzpTkv8-00469-00118516-00118754 genealogy project Concordia University
0BAsUzpTkv8-00470-00118755-00119073 honorary degree citation June 1988
0BAsUzpTkv8-00471-00119074-00119313 Concordia University records management
0BAsUzpTkv8-00472-00119314-00119517 and Archives National Academy of
0BAsUzpTkv8-00473-00119518-00119727 Sciences biographical memoir obituaries
0BAsUzpTkv8-00474-00119728-00120213 bus to 8 1 9 9 6 1 4 4 8 o B's one one
0BAsUzpTkv8-00475-00120214-00120480 six one nine nine six one two one
0BAsUzpTkv8-00476-00120481-00120843 comment pas P 109 one nine nine seven
0BAsUzpTkv8-00477-00120844-00121188 seven 3qj Ras three seven one nine nine
0BAsUzpTkv8-00478-00121189-00121551 six two six one
0CFlTZGKp0I-00000-00000000-00000142 hopefully if you've been paying
0CFlTZGKp0I-00001-00000143-00000286 attention you're now getting quite
0CFlTZGKp0I-00002-00000287-00000457 comfortable with the idea of kinetics
0CFlTZGKp0I-00003-00000458-00000676 and some of the terminology we used and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00004-00000677-00000937 hopefully with a bit of mathematics as
0CFlTZGKp0I-00005-00000938-00001262 well hopefully you can start seeing how
0CFlTZGKp0I-00006-00001263-00001474 equations work so if you aren't
0CFlTZGKp0I-00007-00001475-00001700 necessarily strong that I hope it's
0CFlTZGKp0I-00008-00001701-00002000 getting a little better if not we will
0CFlTZGKp0I-00009-00002001-00002267 work on it I just do send me an email or
0CFlTZGKp0I-00010-00002268-00002549 ask me and we cannot break things down a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00011-00002550-00002743 little easier so we're going to round
0CFlTZGKp0I-00012-00002744-00003038 off the second topic now which has all
0CFlTZGKp0I-00013-00003039-00003313 been about the kinetic theory of gases
0CFlTZGKp0I-00014-00003314-00003533 and we kind of started with our onion
0CFlTZGKp0I-00015-00003534-00003770 equation I went through a bit about what
0CFlTZGKp0I-00016-00003771-00003920 it means for a gas to move at a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00017-00003921-00004283 particular speed and collide and sweep
0CFlTZGKp0I-00018-00004284-00004502 out areas to its collision diameter and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00019-00004503-00004745 so on it's now we're going to run that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00020-00004746-00005156 off and connect it all together and for
0CFlTZGKp0I-00021-00005157-00005381 this we're going to look at simple
0CFlTZGKp0I-00022-00005382-00005686 collision theory some equations that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00023-00005687-00005863 those theories predict and then we're
0CFlTZGKp0I-00024-00005864-00006088 going to relate this to the Arrhenius
0CFlTZGKp0I-00025-00006089-00006251 equation so we've had the Arrhenius
0CFlTZGKp0I-00026-00006252-00006454 equation where the rate constant is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00027-00006455-00006641 equal to our pre-exponential factor and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00028-00006642-00007088 then the exponential of math ovation mg
0CFlTZGKp0I-00029-00007089-00007567 over R T that is a empirically derived
0CFlTZGKp0I-00030-00007568-00007828 formula it's a nice little bit of theory
0CFlTZGKp0I-00031-00007829-00007981 about what activation energy should do
0CFlTZGKp0I-00032-00007983-00008234 where they're kind of a constant that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00033-00008235-00008489 multiplies it up to get to the rate
0CFlTZGKp0I-00034-00008490-00008653 constant that we can derive
0CFlTZGKp0I-00035-00008654-00008914 experimentally so first topic was all
0CFlTZGKp0I-00036-00008915-00009194 about this our second topic is all being
0CFlTZGKp0I-00037-00009195-00009406 about trying to interpret that now we're
0CFlTZGKp0I-00038-00009407-00009655 going to finally put those two together
0CFlTZGKp0I-00039-00009656-00009935 so collision theory this goes back to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00040-00009936-00010285 that very first lecture collision theory
0CFlTZGKp0I-00041-00010286-00010424 just states that molecules have to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00042-00010425-00010685 collide and then a reaction occurs so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00043-00010686-00011038 specifically wanted we said that must
0CFlTZGKp0I-00044-00011039-00011312 occur well one ecclesia must occur a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00045-00011313-00011626 collision of some kind and the last
0CFlTZGKp0I-00046-00011627-00011942 topic or so has all been about getting
0CFlTZGKp0I-00047-00011943-00012095 speeds of molecules so we can figure out
0CFlTZGKp0I-00048-00012096-00012349 how often do they collide and we get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00049-00012350-00012869 this sort of formula here so remember
0CFlTZGKp0I-00050-00012869-00013094 this is our collision cross section it
0CFlTZGKp0I-00051-00013094-00013346 is sort of an area
0CFlTZGKp0I-00052-00013347-00013655 then we have the speed yet we can get a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00053-00013656-00014156 speed out based on a few factors such as
0CFlTZGKp0I-00054-00014157-00014375 the mast and the temperature and then
0CFlTZGKp0I-00055-00014376-00014621 density of the two things that are
0CFlTZGKp0I-00056-00014622-00014786 colliding so this is for a reaction of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00057-00014787-00014996 air plus be there galactic smack into
0CFlTZGKp0I-00058-00014997-00015413 each other and react so we have see if
0CFlTZGKp0I-00059-00015413-00015688 they are gases two concentrations now we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00060-00015690-00015893 don't necessarily want that in terms of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00061-00015894-00016055 just what was how many collisions are
0CFlTZGKp0I-00062-00016056-00016337 there we want to kind of generalize it
0CFlTZGKp0I-00063-00016338-00016544 into something that's right so we insert
0CFlTZGKp0I-00064-00016545-00016865 having this Z a be practiced term here
0CFlTZGKp0I-00065-00016866-00017153 we have Z 0 so I've put this down here
0CFlTZGKp0I-00066-00017154-00017494 is Z 0 this just means that this is the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00067-00017495-00017839 number of collisions that could happen
0CFlTZGKp0I-00068-00017840-00018184 for any particular given concentration
0CFlTZGKp0I-00069-00018185-00018524 so that means we can now relate it to K
0CFlTZGKp0I-00070-00018525-00018842 the rate constant cuz remember rate is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00071-00018843-00019160 equal to K concentration so if we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00072-00019161-00019319 scratch at these concentrations we can
0CFlTZGKp0I-00073-00019320-00019436 scratch out flat and we're now
0CFlTZGKp0I-00074-00019437-00019880 interested in just K so that's the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00075-00019881-00020147 simple idea so we are interested in just
0CFlTZGKp0I-00076-00020148-00020378 these two factors cross section and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00077-00020379-00020702 speed that's an area and that is the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00078-00020703-00021032 mean speed of molecules so on the second
0CFlTZGKp0I-00079-00021033-00021167 part from collision theory there must be
0CFlTZGKp0I-00080-00021168-00021380 sufficient energy so what we need to do
0CFlTZGKp0I-00081-00021381-00021722 is how many molecules all this side so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00082-00021723-00021938 have they collide do they have the right
0CFlTZGKp0I-00083-00021939-00022127 energy are they going to hit each other
0CFlTZGKp0I-00084-00022128-00022388 head on and with enough energy to get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00085-00022389-00022553 over the activation barrier or not so we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00086-00022554-00022828 have this Boltzmann factor which is the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00087-00022829-00023018 number of energy the number of molecules
0CFlTZGKp0I-00088-00023019-00023264 that are higher than a particular energy
0CFlTZGKp0I-00089-00023265-00023494 I'm not going to go into the equation
0CFlTZGKp0I-00090-00023495-00023699 how we derive that it's a little bit of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00091-00023700-00023881 integration obviously we're not gonna
0CFlTZGKp0I-00092-00023882-00024149 cover it but we need to figure out
0CFlTZGKp0I-00093-00024150-00024305 hammock molecules does that part of the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00094-00024306-00024550 graph represent I will just give it to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00095-00024551-00024710 you it's a little simpler than it seems
0CFlTZGKp0I-00096-00024711-00024974 at first sight and then of course it
0CFlTZGKp0I-00097-00024975-00025300 must be the correct orientation so this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00098-00025301-00025757 is quite important generally speaking if
0CFlTZGKp0I-00099-00025758-00025975 this substitution reaction monsters to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00100-00025976-00026237 Clyde here it's going to go ahead and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00101-00026238-00026444 every class here is going to bounce off
0CFlTZGKp0I-00102-00026445-00026648 there's nothing it can do it now might
0CFlTZGKp0I-00103-00026649-00026723 be a transie
0CFlTZGKp0I-00104-00026724-00026837 reaction but it's not going to happen
0CFlTZGKp0I-00105-00026838-00027086 it's not just going to occur here so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00106-00027087-00027265 these are the three factors from simple
0CFlTZGKp0I-00107-00027266-00027580 collision theory we must have the right
0CFlTZGKp0I-00108-00027581-00027701 orientation they must be the right
0CFlTZGKp0I-00109-00027702-00027899 energy and there must be a collision in
0CFlTZGKp0I-00110-00027900-00028142 the first place so what we get at the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00111-00028143-00028280 end is this equation so I'm going to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00112-00028281-00028667 break this down a bit right we have this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00113-00028668-00029014 p this is the steric factor so when I
0CFlTZGKp0I-00114-00029016-00029468 said all about the orientation this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00115-00029469-00029876 factor effectively says what proportion
0CFlTZGKp0I-00116-00029877-00030185 of the collisions are actually in the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00117-00030186-00030323 right orientation now you might naively
0CFlTZGKp0I-00118-00030324-00030670 think well it's gotta hit the atom on
0CFlTZGKp0I-00119-00030672-00030902 this side so the steric factor must be
0CFlTZGKp0I-00120-00030902-00031139 no point five percent a no point five or
0CFlTZGKp0I-00121-00031139-00031314 fifty percent or something like this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00122-00031315-00031564 that's not necessarily true we have to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00123-00031565-00031814 derive these empirically all we can do
0CFlTZGKp0I-00124-00031814-00031993 is get the rates out and try and figure
0CFlTZGKp0I-00125-00031994-00032435 it out from data later on when you do
0CFlTZGKp0I-00126-00032436-00032657 transition state theory you can start
0CFlTZGKp0I-00127-00032658-00032873 putting a better number on that but
0CFlTZGKp0I-00128-00032874-00033467 until then this is just empirical in
0CFlTZGKp0I-00129-00033468-00033899 here Kyle what kind of say I did science
0CFlTZGKp0I-00130-00033900-00034292 not spelling out google talk this in
0CFlTZGKp0I-00131-00034293-00034445 here the number of collisions so this is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00132-00034446-00034733 fairly obvious the more collisions that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00133-00034734-00035201 happen the higher it so finally the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00134-00035202-00035371 molecules with the right energy sort of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00135-00035372-00035660 that is our factor we have that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00136-00035661-00035885 Boltzmann factor here and we divide
0CFlTZGKp0I-00137-00035886-00036017 through by the boltzmann constant and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00138-00036018-00036304 temperature and it a degree as to that
0CFlTZGKp0I-00139-00036305-00036680 the whole thing so we denote that if
0CFlTZGKp0I-00140-00036681-00037005 you've noticed not with just k book care
0CFlTZGKp0I-00141-00037006-00037390 SCT or k a simple collision theory so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00142-00037391-00037687 that means we've derived the soft
0CFlTZGKp0I-00143-00037688-00037908 semi-empirical ian sort of with a bit of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00144-00037909-00038296 theory involved so this is the main
0CFlTZGKp0I-00145-00038297-00038697 equation we're interested in so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00146-00038698-00038971 this is what we're all here for we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00147-00038972-00039190 figured out that are three components
0CFlTZGKp0I-00148-00039191-00039403 from just thinking about what happens
0CFlTZGKp0I-00149-00039404-00039616 when molecules combine gives us this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00150-00039617-00039871 equation at the top and then the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00151-00039872-00040018 Arrhenius equation something that was
0CFlTZGKp0I-00152-00040019-00040210 mostly empirically derived that can get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00153-00040211-00040452 us care and activation energy and so on
0CFlTZGKp0I-00154-00040453-00040837 is this and hopefully you should be able
0CFlTZGKp0I-00155-00040838-00041050 to see some similarities here obviously
0CFlTZGKp0I-00156-00041051-00041521 we got care on both sides that much
0CFlTZGKp0I-00157-00041522-00041848 should be clear then we've got an
0CFlTZGKp0I-00158-00041849-00042076 exponential term again something like
0CFlTZGKp0I-00159-00042077-00042334 she'll be quite clear here and then
0CFlTZGKp0I-00160-00042335-00042559 notice they are to the minus something
0CFlTZGKp0I-00161-00042560-00042811 good with looking very similar here and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00162-00042812-00043183 then look at these terms here EA over RT
0CFlTZGKp0I-00163-00043184-00043582 at the bottom and then our Bolton factor
0CFlTZGKp0I-00164-00043583-00044104 over KBT there so the Boltzmann constant
0CFlTZGKp0I-00165-00044105-00044335 is there the gas constant is here so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00166-00044336-00044467 that tells us we're really working on
0CFlTZGKp0I-00167-00044468-00045001 kind of a molecule scale molecular scale
0CFlTZGKp0I-00168-00045002-00045256 and the gas constant based means what
0CFlTZGKp0I-00169-00045257-00045652 kind of molar scale so this one is very
0CFlTZGKp0I-00170-00045653-00046006 Theory driven it's based on what happens
0CFlTZGKp0I-00171-00046007-00046189 when two molecules cloud this one's
0CFlTZGKp0I-00172-00046190-00046366 empirically driven were asked seen what
0CFlTZGKp0I-00173-00046367-00046498 happens when we're actually measuring
0CFlTZGKp0I-00174-00046499-00046678 concentrations in terms of moles of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00175-00046679-00046981 moles per decimeter cubed and so on all
0CFlTZGKp0I-00176-00046982-00047185 right of course this looks a little bit
0CFlTZGKp0I-00177-00047186-00047542 different we have a here we call that a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00178-00047543-00048569 pre-exponential factor earlier
0CFlTZGKp0I-00179-00048570-00048824 but here above we've actually split it
0CFlTZGKp0I-00180-00048825-00048959 into two terms so the number of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00181-00048960-00049520 collisions remember that's number of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00182-00049521-00049766 collisions irrespective of concentration
0CFlTZGKp0I-00183-00049767-00050024 because obviously the rate is related to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00184-00050025-00050135 the rate constant times the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00185-00050136-00050332 concentration and then the steric factor
0CFlTZGKp0I-00186-00050333-00050627 so what you can kind of see when I said
0CFlTZGKp0I-00187-00050628-00050927 a the apreas mental factor was sort of a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00188-00050928-00051089 fudge factor to get us to a rate
0CFlTZGKp0I-00189-00051090-00051292 constant from a bit of theory the steric
0CFlTZGKp0I-00190-00051294-00051442 factor is sort of doing the same thing
0CFlTZGKp0I-00191-00051444-00051592 here we can work out how many collisions
0CFlTZGKp0I-00192-00051594-00051911 there should be we can know what the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00193-00051912-00052139 energy should be and so on we can
0CFlTZGKp0I-00194-00052140-00052595 calculate the steric factor from that so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00195-00052596-00052826 a couple of caveats obviously this is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00196-00052827-00052988 sort of an approximation there are
0CFlTZGKp0I-00197-00052989-00053242 theories remember the pontiff theories
0CFlTZGKp0I-00198-00053244-00053444 and sciences to make predictions if they
0CFlTZGKp0I-00199-00053445-00053579 make very good predictions they're good
0CFlTZGKp0I-00200-00053579-00053741 theories if they make terrible
0CFlTZGKp0I-00201-00053741-00053945 predictions they are bad theories these
0CFlTZGKp0I-00202-00053946-00054095 something to be very good theories they
0CFlTZGKp0I-00203-00054096-00054355 match it quite nicely but there is a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00204-00054357-00054557 little bit of you know give and take
0CFlTZGKp0I-00205-00054558-00054827 between them so a the pre-exponential
0CFlTZGKp0I-00206-00054828-00055027 factor is slightly very slightly
0CFlTZGKp0I-00207-00055028-00055235 temperature-dependent it's not going to
0CFlTZGKp0I-00208-00055236-00055529 be that erroneous equation is not 100
0CFlTZGKp0I-00209-00055529-00056024 times than perfect I so this will
0CFlTZGKp0I-00210-00056025-00056341 necessarily bogus for our purposes
0CFlTZGKp0I-00211-00056342-00056513 because we're going to be working over
0CFlTZGKp0I-00212-00056514-00056747 and a small temperature ranges as far as
0CFlTZGKp0I-00213-00056748-00056944 the erroneous equation is concerned
0CFlTZGKp0I-00214-00056945-00057161 we're not going to be doing something at
0CFlTZGKp0I-00215-00057162-00057314 10 degrees in a million degrees for
0CFlTZGKp0I-00216-00057315-00057548 instance things will definitely start
0CFlTZGKp0I-00217-00057549-00057716 falling apart of that much but when
0CFlTZGKp0I-00218-00057716-00057841 you're doing something at 10 degrees in
0CFlTZGKp0I-00219-00057842-00058124 20 degrees and 30 degrees it holds true
0CFlTZGKp0I-00220-00058125-00058378 enough ah and steric factors are
0CFlTZGKp0I-00221-00058379-00058816 empirical so like I said earlier you
0CFlTZGKp0I-00222-00058817-00058997 can't just naively assume that it must
0CFlTZGKp0I-00223-00058998-00059276 be the steric factor must be laced fifty
0CFlTZGKp0I-00224-00059277-00059402 percent because this part of the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00225-00059403-00059624 molecules blocked off and this is active
0CFlTZGKp0I-00226-00059625-00059849 we've got to work it out sometimes these
0CFlTZGKp0I-00227-00059850-00060105 steric factors can actually imply a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00228-00060107-00060332 require the other molecule to orientate
0CFlTZGKp0I-00229-00060333-00060572 correctly as well that way instead of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00230-00060573-00061145 this way or something so there is a way
0CFlTZGKp0I-00231-00061146-00061289 to work goes out properly it's called
0CFlTZGKp0I-00232-00061290-00061732 transition state theory
0CFlTZGKp0I-00233-00061733-00062024 and transition state theory is something
0CFlTZGKp0I-00234-00062025-00062246 you get on too much later on in a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00235-00062247-00062489 chemistry course because it requires a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00236-00062490-00062648 little bit of quantum mechanics requires
0CFlTZGKp0I-00237-00062649-00062810 a live almost computational chemistry
0CFlTZGKp0I-00238-00062811-00063115 and it requires a lot more detail bags
0CFlTZGKp0I-00239-00063116-00063575 about energetics and so on so you will
0CFlTZGKp0I-00240-00063576-00063866 get onto this eventually but you don't
0CFlTZGKp0I-00241-00063866-00064154 need to know it now let's just put into
0CFlTZGKp0I-00242-00064154-00064463 a black box and forget about it so just
0CFlTZGKp0I-00243-00064464-00064607 give you some sample values for the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00244-00064608-00064842 various things that we can get out here
0CFlTZGKp0I-00245-00064844-00065080 for instance we can figure out what I
0CFlTZGKp0I-00246-00065082-00065465 years according to our experiment you
0CFlTZGKp0I-00247-00065466-00065561 can figure out what it should be
0CFlTZGKp0I-00248-00065562-00065767 according to simple collision theory and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00249-00065768-00065966 activation energies and then get the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00250-00065967-00066308 steric factors so what you can see is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00251-00066309-00066677 that a as we expect there are 10 to the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00252-00066678-00067025 6 10 to the 12 that sort of value these
0CFlTZGKp0I-00253-00067026-00067262 are 10 to 11 and so on the activation
0CFlTZGKp0I-00254-00067263-00067493 energies or anywhere between zero and a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00255-00067494-00067853 few hundreds kilojoules per mole and P
0CFlTZGKp0I-00256-00067854-00068180 here we go look at the values here no
0CFlTZGKp0I-00257-00068181-00068465 point 16 so you might think sixteen
0CFlTZGKp0I-00258-00068466-00068699 percent of collisions are impact the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00259-00068700-00068888 right orientation but look at some of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00260-00068889-00069086 these ones either really quite small
0CFlTZGKp0I-00261-00069087-00069296 that's not very intuitive you might
0CFlTZGKp0I-00262-00069297-00069473 think that that reaction there is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00263-00069474-00069740 actually comparatively simple you should
0CFlTZGKp0I-00264-00069741-00070034 think they owe most collisions should go
0CFlTZGKp0I-00265-00070035-00070283 ahead that's not necessarily true we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00266-00070284-00070586 have to derive this from data and things
0CFlTZGKp0I-00267-00070587-00070768 I'm transition states here in looking at
0CFlTZGKp0I-00268-00070769-00071063 slightly more complex systems will get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00269-00071064-00071324 on to slightly more complexes later can
0CFlTZGKp0I-00270-00071325-00071636 explain why that is and some in fact or
0CFlTZGKp0I-00271-00071637-00071972 greater than once or maybe the theories
0CFlTZGKp0I-00272-00071973-00072266 are doesn't match perfectly here so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00273-00072267-00072539 obviously very simple reactions quickly
0CFlTZGKp0I-00274-00072540-00072821 first-order ones piecing is quite
0CFlTZGKp0I-00275-00072822-00073151 intuitive but that's the range of values
0CFlTZGKp0I-00276-00073152-00073393 you would be expecting for these so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00277-00073394-00073640 don't suppose memorize these just get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00278-00073641-00073874 familiar with them take a look at the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00279-00073875-00074075 numbers what are you expecting to see
0CFlTZGKp0I-00280-00074076-00074324 you're expecting to see the ten sevens
0CFlTZGKp0I-00281-00074325-00074564 and six is the 12 around here and so on
0CFlTZGKp0I-00282-00074565-00074849 and the hundreds for this sort of value
0CFlTZGKp0I-00283-00074850-00075007 end anywhere
0CFlTZGKp0I-00284-00075008-00075310 between one and almost zero very close
0CFlTZGKp0I-00285-00075311-00075631 to zero for P it's quite a wide range
0CFlTZGKp0I-00286-00075632-00075829 within this book that's where you're
0CFlTZGKp0I-00287-00075830-00076183 looking for so let's just kind of review
0CFlTZGKp0I-00288-00076184-00076357 this simple collision theory says we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00289-00076358-00076609 need a collision of the right
0CFlTZGKp0I-00290-00076610-00076969 orientation and of the right energy so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00291-00076970-00077340 when we build that into an equation well
0CFlTZGKp0I-00292-00077341-00077892 the collision of the right orientation
0CFlTZGKp0I-00293-00077893-00078205 as our steric factor of the right energy
0CFlTZGKp0I-00294-00078206-00078649 there we go the three components of our
0CFlTZGKp0I-00295-00078650-00079173 simple collision theory and question and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00296-00079174-00079372 the relationship to the Arrhenius
0CFlTZGKp0I-00297-00079373-00079839 equation well we can see k is equal to a
0CFlTZGKp0I-00298-00079840-00080164 e- activation energy over RT there we go
0CFlTZGKp0I-00299-00080165-00080518 you can see so rough equivalent here
0CFlTZGKp0I-00300-00080519-00080833 there is our Boltzmann factor is very
0CFlTZGKp0I-00301-00080834-00081196 similar to the activation energy p 0 and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00302-00081197-00081658 p 0 RP and z0 they're all equal to the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00303-00081659-00081967 pre-exponential factor here and again
0CFlTZGKp0I-00304-00081968-00082150 you switch the boltzmann constant and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00305-00082151-00082330 the gas constant which just means we're
0CFlTZGKp0I-00306-00082331-00082444 dealing with other an individual
0CFlTZGKp0I-00307-00082445-00082798 molecule of the molar scale so that is
0CFlTZGKp0I-00308-00082799-00083047 pretty much it for this second topic I
0CFlTZGKp0I-00309-00083048-00083344 was reasonably quick to actually link
0CFlTZGKp0I-00310-00083345-00083671 the erroneous equation to this simple
0CFlTZGKp0I-00311-00083672-00083932 collision theory but the main point of
0CFlTZGKp0I-00312-00083933-00084325 this entire topic has really been to get
0CFlTZGKp0I-00313-00084326-00084604 over kind of the point of collisions so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00314-00084605-00084817 the scale of molecules I complexity the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00315-00084818-00085153 speed and so on because that all goes
0CFlTZGKp0I-00316-00085154-00085399 into what was eventually just one term
0CFlTZGKp0I-00317-00085400-00085840 in this equation so do make sure you can
0CFlTZGKp0I-00318-00085841-00086131 revise that this is effectively just the
0CFlTZGKp0I-00319-00086132-00086335 punchline of the entire thing so
0CFlTZGKp0I-00320-00086336-00086473 hopefully you'll be able to apply it and
0CFlTZGKp0I-00321-00086474-00086911 understand how these two will it next
0CFlTZGKp0I-00322-00086912-00087211 topic is experimental methods so we're
0CFlTZGKp0I-00323-00087212-00087394 actually going to you do some of this
0CFlTZGKp0I-00324-00087395-00087658 and go not necessarily go personally
0CFlTZGKp0I-00325-00087659-00087862 into a lab but we will get some data up
0CFlTZGKp0I-00326-00087863-00088090 we will look at how we would go about
0CFlTZGKp0I-00327-00088091-00088324 doing this in lab what experiments can
0CFlTZGKp0I-00328-00088325-00088359 we
0CFlTZGKp0I-00329-00088360-00088666 so hopefully really practical applied
0CFlTZGKp0I-00330-00088667-00088975 chemistry will be coming up
0EgyNEBAYEA-00000-00000000-00000227 project and will not fund any more so I
0EgyNEBAYEA-00001-00000228-00000391 think we beat the position clear it's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00002-00000392-00000559 obviously up to the kind of a council
0EgyNEBAYEA-00003-00000560-00000750 they want to look for further extensions
0EgyNEBAYEA-00004-00000751-00001037 thank you that in general questions we
0EgyNEBAYEA-00005-00001038-00001166 know you moved to First Minister's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00006-00001167-00001343 Questions question number one join
0EgyNEBAYEA-00007-00001344-00001579 moment thank you very much presiding
0EgyNEBAYEA-00008-00001580-00001789 officer task the First Minister what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00009-00001791-00001948 engagements is planned for the rest of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00010-00001950-00002183 the day First Minister a last week
0EgyNEBAYEA-00011-00002184-00002438 announced a judge led inquiry into their
0EgyNEBAYEA-00012-00002439-00002675 Bertram project today I can confirm the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00013-00002676-00002816 inquiry I'll be chaired by the former
0EgyNEBAYEA-00014-00002817-00002983 Lord Advocate and senior judge Lord
0EgyNEBAYEA-00015-00002984-00003211 hardly the terms of reference with
0EgyNEBAYEA-00016-00003213-00003338 inquired have been agreed with Lord
0EgyNEBAYEA-00017-00003339-00003538 hardly they'll be two in quietly the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00018-00003539-00003725 delivery of thaydon Bertram's project in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00019-00003726-00003902 order to establish why the project and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00020-00003903-00004090 cub delays cost can simply more than
0EgyNEBAYEA-00021-00004092-00004297 originally budgeted for and delivered
0EgyNEBAYEA-00022-00004298-00004469 significantly less the must be debt were
0EgyNEBAYEA-00023-00004470-00004622 projected through adoptions and scope
0EgyNEBAYEA-00024-00004623-00004841 Lord hardly i can assure the chamber was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00025-00004842-00005063 established the query immediately and we
0EgyNEBAYEA-00026-00005064-00005211 look forward to swift and thorough
0EgyNEBAYEA-00027-00005212-00005651 inquiry chillin moment clear lolly is a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00028-00005652-00005900 woman I am proud to know she's a loving
0EgyNEBAYEA-00029-00005901-00006143 mother of twins a former mother of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00030-00006144-00006388 year clear seven-year-old daughter katie
0EgyNEBAYEA-00031-00006389-00006641 has multiple disabilities Claire's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00032-00006642-00006820 experience clearing fertility has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00033-00006822-00007016 inspired her to fight for better rights
0EgyNEBAYEA-00034-00007017-00007228 for all clearance and we know in this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00035-00007229-00007448 week of all weeks and kira's weeks that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00036-00007448-00007621 we should reflect on how tough that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00037-00007622-00007849 fight is the First Minister has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00038-00007850-00008069 acknowledged her as a clear as champion
0EgyNEBAYEA-00039-00008070-00008392 he has even been Charles why did clear
0EgyNEBAYEA-00040-00008393-00008528 lolly deserve to have the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00041-00008529-00008789 Minister's most senior advisor undermine
0EgyNEBAYEA-00042-00008790-00009026 her credibility and unleash a torrent of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00043-00009027-00009287 vile abuse on the Internet First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00044-00009288-00009531 Minister well firstly unclear lolly a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00045-00009532-00009781 drama is quite right I know clearly I
0EgyNEBAYEA-00046-00009782-00010001 met or twice and I hold them in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00047-00010002-00010316 highest regard her views not just in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00048-00010317-00010517 terms of her own family and let me see I
0EgyNEBAYEA-00049-00010518-00010745 daughter guard that as a an ordinary a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00050-00010746-00010903 mother out of god that was extraordinary
0EgyNEBAYEA-00051-00010904-00011110 in terms of the challenges that she's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00052-00011111-00011387 met and faced the new ver come but more
0EgyNEBAYEA-00053-00011388-00011624 importantly in terms of her contribution
0EgyNEBAYEA-00054-00011625-00011881 to society I think our views on carers
0EgyNEBAYEA-00055-00011882-00012038 and the challenges faced by carers in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00056-00012039-00012349 general have been substantially
0EgyNEBAYEA-00057-00012350-00012527 informative of the government's approach
0EgyNEBAYEA-00058-00012528-00012776 both in terms of what has been done and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00059-00012777-00012974 and also what was outlined in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00060-00012975-00013166 consultation earlier this year and which
0EgyNEBAYEA-00061-00013166-00013337 will be carried forward into ledge
0EgyNEBAYEA-00062-00013338-00013550 installation which I believe and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00063-00013551-00013760 caterers organizations and believe will
0EgyNEBAYEA-00064-00013761-00014047 improve the lot of chaos across Scotland
0EgyNEBAYEA-00065-00014049-00014254 to do valuable and important work in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00066-00014255-00014572 terms of the description of Campbell gun
0EgyNEBAYEA-00067-00014574-00014855 I don't accept that camel gun was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00068-00014856-00015077 responsible for a quote a torrent of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00069-00015078-00015311 abuse across the Internet I don't think
0EgyNEBAYEA-00070-00015312-00015578 any who believes a noise Campbell the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00071-00015579-00015782 gun would give that a moment's cretins I
0EgyNEBAYEA-00072-00015783-00016052 think camel gun made both a mistake and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00073-00016053-00016361 the misjudgment the mistake was obvious
0EgyNEBAYEA-00074-00016362-00016613 that saying that some day was part
0EgyNEBAYEA-00075-00016614-00016826 Lolly's daughter-in-law when a clearly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00076-00016827-00017129 clear is not is a mistake the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00077-00017130-00017390 misjudgment is believing that drawing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00078-00017391-00017633 attention in an email to someone's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00079-00017634-00017816 Labour Party connections whether it's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00080-00017817-00018017 member the shadow cabinet or any other
0EgyNEBAYEA-00081-00018018-00018287 connection it was an appropriate thing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00082-00018288-00018602 to do that was a misjudgment because
0EgyNEBAYEA-00083-00018603-00018886 clears views on caring and other matters
0EgyNEBAYEA-00084-00018887-00019220 stand regardless of her labour party
0EgyNEBAYEA-00085-00019221-00019469 connections because he made a mistake
0EgyNEBAYEA-00086-00019470-00019709 and a misjudgment I asked Campbell to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00087-00019710-00019928 apologize which he did immediately and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00088-00019929-00020438 comprehensively charlemont you know for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00089-00020439-00020636 those who saw clear Lolly's tears last
0EgyNEBAYEA-00090-00020637-00020864 night and television I don't think they
0EgyNEBAYEA-00091-00020865-00021113 will think much of that as an answer and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00092-00021114-00021326 if we're talking about a response been
0EgyNEBAYEA-00093-00021327-00021530 ill judged it couldn't be more
0EgyNEBAYEA-00094-00021531-00021680 ill-judged in what the First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00095-00021681-00021983 has said because Claire Molly's came as
0EgyNEBAYEA-00096-00021984-00022130 far as the First Minister's more senior
0EgyNEBAYEA-00097-00022131-00022379 adviser was concerned was to describe
0EgyNEBAYEA-00098-00022380-00022601 herself as an ordinary mother and that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00099-00022602-00022844 as a First Minister has reflected she
0EgyNEBAYEA-00100-00022845-00023075 was being modest she is an extraordinary
0EgyNEBAYEA-00101-00023076-00023378 mother her crime as far as Campbell gun
0EgyNEBAYEA-00102-00023379-00023675 was concerned was as a mother to say she
0EgyNEBAYEA-00103-00023676-00023855 thought her daughter's future would be
0EgyNEBAYEA-00104-00023856-00024077 better if Scotland stays in the United
0EgyNEBAYEA-00105-00024078-00024344 Kingdom what she did not deserve was to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00106-00024345-00024521 be undermined by Alex Salmond's most
0EgyNEBAYEA-00107-00024522-00024794 senior adviser and then to be abused and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00108-00024795-00024971 the internet that she had to shut down
0EgyNEBAYEA-00109-00024972-00025250 her Facebook and Twitter accounts the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00110-00025251-00025472 First Minister's office contacted clear
0EgyNEBAYEA-00111-00025473-00025718 while she was in York hill hospital for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00112-00025719-00025907 her daughter's appointment they then
0EgyNEBAYEA-00113-00025908-00026192 sent her Campbell guns press release
0EgyNEBAYEA-00114-00026193-00026440 instead of sending a copy of a crest
0EgyNEBAYEA-00115-00026441-00026669 release soon the First Minister in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00116-00026670-00026966 force the special advisers code and sack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00117-00026967-00027224 his advisor for a personal attack on a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00118-00027225-00027645 member of the public first minister the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00119-00027647-00027964 reason that Campbell gun didn't write
0EgyNEBAYEA-00120-00027966-00028268 personally to declare that she asked
0EgyNEBAYEA-00121-00028269-00028633 that that did not happen that is why the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00122-00028633-00028976 apology which was comprehensive a was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00123-00028977-00029170 issued in the way it was because clear
0EgyNEBAYEA-00124-00029172-00029402 specifically requested they had not be
0EgyNEBAYEA-00125-00029402-00029695 done directly I said that Campbell had
0EgyNEBAYEA-00126-00029697-00029924 committed my view a mistake and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00127-00029925-00030194 misjudgment I don't think he was engaged
0EgyNEBAYEA-00128-00030195-00030473 in vail personal attack on clear lolly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00129-00030474-00030812 as Joe a moment has indicated the reason
0EgyNEBAYEA-00130-00030813-00031108 i think that is pointing out to a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00131-00031110-00031370 journalist that clear as a member of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00132-00031370-00031595 Labour's shadow cabinet which is correct
0EgyNEBAYEA-00133-00031595-00031898 and mistakenly that he was she was the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00134-00031899-00032093 dotted law or former Labour Lord Provost
0EgyNEBAYEA-00135-00032094-00032462 part lolly it's not vile personal attack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00136-00032463-00032741 and can't be construed as such it was a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00137-00032742-00032993 mistake to do it for obvious reasons it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00138-00032994-00033185 was a misjudgment for the reasons I've
0EgyNEBAYEA-00139-00033186-00033572 already stated but that is not the area
0EgyNEBAYEA-00140-00033573-00033763 because I take very seriously the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00141-00033764-00033962 ministerial code and the special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00142-00033963-00034217 advisers code I know exactly what's in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00143-00034218-00034433 the code I know exactly why it's there
0EgyNEBAYEA-00144-00034434-00034676 and it's not a reasonable thing to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00145-00034677-00034985 suggest that Campbell gun in any way
0EgyNEBAYEA-00146-00034986-00035291 shape or form was responsible for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00147-00035292-00035650 internet abuse directed a clear lolly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00148-00035651-00035879 everyone everyone in this chamber
0EgyNEBAYEA-00149-00035880-00036128 everyone in Scottish society it should
0EgyNEBAYEA-00150-00036129-00036383 condemn the few mindless idiots who
0EgyNEBAYEA-00151-00036384-00036596 commit such abuse on whoever they
0EgyNEBAYEA-00152-00036597-00037277 perfectly and since we unless chamber
0EgyNEBAYEA-00153-00037278-00037466 just about everyone has had the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00154-00037467-00037661 privilege of knowing Campbell done over
0EgyNEBAYEA-00155-00037662-00037859 many years no one in this chamber
0EgyNEBAYEA-00156-00037860-00038195 seriously believes that Campbell gun was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00157-00038196-00038465 responsible or orchestrating any such
0EgyNEBAYEA-00158-00038466-00038723 abuse none of us seriously believe that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00159-00038724-00039005 so let us accept the Campbell made a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00160-00039006-00039227 mistake and a misjudgment for which he
0EgyNEBAYEA-00161-00039228-00039521 has comprehensively apologized that is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00162-00039522-00039683 the right way to deal with these things
0EgyNEBAYEA-00163-00039684-00039935 as opposed to accuse Campbell of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00164-00039936-00040055 something he would
0EgyNEBAYEA-00165-00040056-00040529 but ever possibly have done to a moment
0EgyNEBAYEA-00166-00040530-00040782 this isn't a simple mistake about
0EgyNEBAYEA-00167-00040783-00040940 getting somebody's family connections
0EgyNEBAYEA-00168-00040941-00041183 wrong this is about a woman with a proud
0EgyNEBAYEA-00169-00041184-00041454 record of campaigning a mother of a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00170-00041455-00041676 disabled child we called a liar a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00171-00041677-00041954 Quisling and a collaborator it doesn't
0EgyNEBAYEA-00172-00041955-00042198 get much more serious than that and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00173-00042199-00042443 information was taken from a website
0EgyNEBAYEA-00174-00042444-00042719 that said that we know that clearly has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00175-00042720-00042893 fought for better right for kyra's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00176-00042894-00043124 throughout this country she's balking to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00177-00043125-00043412 every party that will listen in the hope
0EgyNEBAYEA-00178-00043413-00043583 something will be done to improve the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00179-00043584-00043707 lives of children like her daughter
0EgyNEBAYEA-00180-00043708-00043979 Katie that is why she's been involved in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00181-00043980-00044237 politics but for Campbell gone that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00182-00044238-00044529 passion that here that spirit is for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00183-00044530-00044798 nothing because clearly one scotland to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00184-00044799-00045035 stay in the united kingdom for alex
0EgyNEBAYEA-00185-00045036-00045293 salmond's most senior adviser had life
0EgyNEBAYEA-00186-00045294-00045542 experience her struggle didn't matter
0EgyNEBAYEA-00187-00045543-00045851 for him clear lolly could be undermined
0EgyNEBAYEA-00188-00045852-00046076 and abused because she supports the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00189-00046077-00046346 Union personal attacks by special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00190-00046347-00046617 advisers should lead to automatic
0EgyNEBAYEA-00191-00046618-00046937 dismissal according to special advisers
0EgyNEBAYEA-00192-00046938-00047168 called the First Minister has admitted
0EgyNEBAYEA-00193-00047169-00047411 this was a personal attack Campbell gun
0EgyNEBAYEA-00194-00047412-00047615 has admitted it was a personal attack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00195-00047616-00047967 the only thing missing is a dismissal
0EgyNEBAYEA-00196-00047968-00048260 does the First Minister not realize if
0EgyNEBAYEA-00197-00048261-00048524 Campbell gun is not sacked we can only
0EgyNEBAYEA-00198-00048525-00048764 conclude that the First Minister has the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00199-00048765-00048938 same level of content for people like
0EgyNEBAYEA-00200-00048939-00049174 clear lolly as its more senior adviser
0EgyNEBAYEA-00201-00049175-00049526 First Minister no I've already made it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00202-00049527-00049676 clear that i hold clear lolly in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00203-00049677-00049854 highest regard I think a contribution
0EgyNEBAYEA-00204-00049855-00050099 nope wolf and her life story and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00205-00050100-00050379 struggle but also in terms of the the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00206-00050380-00050543 opinion she's put forward and how we can
0EgyNEBAYEA-00207-00050544-00050756 make a lot of carers and Scotland better
0EgyNEBAYEA-00208-00050757-00051023 is a valuable and important contribution
0EgyNEBAYEA-00209-00051024-00051336 a Campbell gun has not admitted that he
0EgyNEBAYEA-00210-00051337-00051593 made a vaio personal attack he has said
0EgyNEBAYEA-00211-00051594-00051944 that he made a misjudgment and a mistake
0EgyNEBAYEA-00212-00051945-00052157 and got his facts wrong there is nothing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00213-00052158-00052451 in campbell guns email that fits the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00214-00052452-00052665 description of a vile personal attack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00215-00052666-00052907 saying that someone is a member of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00216-00052908-00053093 Labour's shadow cabinet and wrongly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00217-00053094-00053330 saying that the dot on former Labour
0EgyNEBAYEA-00218-00053331-00053412 Lord Provost
0EgyNEBAYEA-00219-00053413-00053619 with Glasgow part lolly does not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00220-00053620-00053940 constitute a veil personal attack no one
0EgyNEBAYEA-00221-00053941-00054189 seriously believes that Campbell done is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00222-00054190-00054462 guilty of orchestrating veil abuse on
0EgyNEBAYEA-00223-00054463-00054687 the internet and it really it demeans
0EgyNEBAYEA-00224-00054688-00055029 this suggestion and Campbell to say that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00225-00055029-00055365 cannot remained a join lament that last
0EgyNEBAYEA-00226-00055366-00055578 year a Campbell done got a lifetime
0EgyNEBAYEA-00227-00055579-00055845 achievement award in terms of his
0EgyNEBAYEA-00228-00055846-00056049 contribution to journalism in Scotland
0EgyNEBAYEA-00229-00056050-00056421 over 46 years this is what she said last
0EgyNEBAYEA-00230-00056422-00056685 year Campbell has proven himself to be a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00231-00056686-00056877 tough but fair journalist thoughtful and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00232-00056878-00057069 wise observer of politics and thoroughly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00233-00057070-00057317 good company few reporters can claim to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00234-00057319-00057491 be in good terms of all those he writes
0EgyNEBAYEA-00235-00057492-00057692 about and this is his testament to his
0EgyNEBAYEA-00236-00057694-00057936 professionalism and good nature does
0EgyNEBAYEA-00237-00057937-00058158 john lehmann really believe that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00238-00058159-00058353 person she spoke about in such glowing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00239-00058354-00058688 terms only last year is guilty of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00240-00058689-00058935 orchestrating the soft of abuse that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00241-00058936-00059172 labor press release suggested he was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00242-00059173-00059459 orchestrating it is just not true
0EgyNEBAYEA-00243-00059460-00059745 nothing in the email constituted that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00244-00059746-00059997 and join lament was ever caused better
0EgyNEBAYEA-00245-00059998-00060324 if she said that the mistake and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00246-00060325-00060537 misjudgment that Campbell committed has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00247-00060538-00060734 been accepted he has apologized
0EgyNEBAYEA-00248-00060735-00061014 comprehensively surely that is the right
0EgyNEBAYEA-00249-00061015-00061194 way to deal with these matters as
0EgyNEBAYEA-00250-00061195-00061407 opposed to suggesting he was guilty of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00251-00061408-00061638 things that palpably he was not guilty
0EgyNEBAYEA-00252-00061639-00062279 of John moment I recognize Campbell guns
0EgyNEBAYEA-00253-00062280-00062565 reputation as a fine journalist one just
0EgyNEBAYEA-00254-00062566-00062784 wonders what has happened to him cities
0EgyNEBAYEA-00255-00062785-00062982 come in to the employ of the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00256-00062983-00063191 Minister because a personal attack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00257-00063192-00063516 unclear allowing was that somehow the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00258-00063516-00063663 fact that she wanted to engage with
0EgyNEBAYEA-00259-00063664-00063939 politicians on the issue of how you care
0EgyNEBAYEA-00260-00063940-00064263 for children under mind her ability to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00261-00064264-00064494 describe herself as an ordinary mother
0EgyNEBAYEA-00262-00064495-00064770 and that is the thing she has found more
0EgyNEBAYEA-00263-00064771-00065052 hurtful than everything else of course
0EgyNEBAYEA-00264-00065053-00065289 from clear lolly to Jaitley ruling from
0EgyNEBAYEA-00265-00065290-00065577 Barack Obama to David Bowie there is no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00266-00065578-00065946 target to or Denis are too powerful not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00267-00065947-00066234 to be attacked clearly is the kind of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00268-00066235-00066486 person we should encourage to take part
0EgyNEBAYEA-00269-00066487-00066720 in public life not someone who should be
0EgyNEBAYEA-00270-00066721-00066753 a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00271-00066754-00066993 used threatened and cheese day of our
0EgyNEBAYEA-00272-00066994-00067299 national conversation clearly today is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00273-00067300-00067512 not just a clearest champion she's a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00274-00067513-00067763 champion of everyone who believes in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00275-00067764-00068049 free speech she's a champion for every
0EgyNEBAYEA-00276-00068050-00068231 woman in Scotland who has had the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00277-00068232-00068574 courage to linen an offer of you despite
0EgyNEBAYEA-00278-00068575-00068813 the sexist abuse she's a champion for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00279-00068814-00069012 everyone who believes a boolean
0EgyNEBAYEA-00280-00069013-00069186 government should be stood up to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00281-00069187-00069453 everyone who refuses to be shouted down
0EgyNEBAYEA-00282-00069454-00069737 by thugs with an iPad does the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00283-00069738-00070031 Minister not realize if he doesn't sack
0EgyNEBAYEA-00284-00070032-00070362 Campbell gun we can only conclude that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00285-00070363-00070590 all the bullying that goes on wherever
0EgyNEBAYEA-00286-00070591-00071016 it comes is done by order by design by
0EgyNEBAYEA-00287-00071017-00071592 him First Minister I hope at some point
0EgyNEBAYEA-00288-00071593-00071819 John lamb awaits to reflect or on these
0EgyNEBAYEA-00289-00071820-00072024 last two marks and if she has evidence
0EgyNEBAYEA-00290-00072025-00072218 for it then to bring it forward if not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00291-00072219-00072405 then she should desist from making such
0EgyNEBAYEA-00292-00072406-00072699 remarks can I just remind John lament
0EgyNEBAYEA-00293-00072700-00073005 what the code for special adviser says
0EgyNEBAYEA-00294-00073006-00073362 and why it says what it says it was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00295-00073363-00073536 drawn up three days after the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00296-00073537-00073844 resignation of Damian McBride it was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00297-00073845-00074018 drawn up because demon McBride the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00298-00074019-00074199 special adviser to Gordon Brown was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00299-00074200-00074582 caught disseminating material across the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00300-00074583-00074831 internet and making up stories about the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00301-00074832-00075123 private life of opposition politicians
0EgyNEBAYEA-00302-00075124-00075380 it was described by the Labour Party as
0EgyNEBAYEA-00303-00075381-00075774 conduct which was vile and evil and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00304-00075775-00075954 code says that disseminating
0EgyNEBAYEA-00305-00075955-00076157 inappropriate material will be read to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00306-00076158-00076538 automatic dismissal the email that combo
0EgyNEBAYEA-00307-00076539-00076803 gun sent to the Daily Telegraph in no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00308-00076804-00077100 way could be construed as being vile and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00309-00077101-00077405 evil it was an email that pointed out
0EgyNEBAYEA-00310-00077406-00077651 clear lolly had Labour Party was in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00311-00077652-00077853 Labour Party shadow cabinet and wrongly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00312-00077854-00078062 the daughter-in-law of former Labour
0EgyNEBAYEA-00313-00078063-00078272 Lord Provost of Glasgow pop lolly is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00314-00078273-00078638 anyone seriously saying that that email
0EgyNEBAYEA-00315-00078639-00078891 is equivalent to the activities of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00316-00078892-00079224 damian mcbride that is nonsense to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00317-00079225-00079532 suggest so secondly the conflict what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00318-00079533-00079763 Campbell gun did and the mistake and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00319-00079764-00080037 misjudgment he made with abuse in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00320-00080038-00080148 internet the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00321-00080149-00080457 not serif this argument at all all of us
0EgyNEBAYEA-00322-00080458-00080706 every single one of us should condemn
0EgyNEBAYEA-00323-00080707-00081024 abuse and the internet every single one
0EgyNEBAYEA-00324-00081025-00081249 of us should condemn that handful of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00325-00081250-00081498 mindless idiots who engage in such
0EgyNEBAYEA-00326-00081499-00081707 things in the early hours of the morning
0EgyNEBAYEA-00327-00081708-00082041 but nothing in campbell guns email could
0EgyNEBAYEA-00328-00082042-00082268 be construed in terms of vitriolic
0EgyNEBAYEA-00329-00082269-00082593 mindless abuse it was a mistake and a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00330-00082594-00082844 misjudgment but John lamb it does
0EgyNEBAYEA-00331-00082845-00083106 herself no credit and no service by
0EgyNEBAYEA-00332-00083107-00083346 trying to conflate the issues rather we
0EgyNEBAYEA-00333-00083347-00083594 shoot as he Parliament and as a society
0EgyNEBAYEA-00334-00083595-00083894 stand up against that handful of people
0EgyNEBAYEA-00335-00083895-00084099 who are attempting to pollute this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00336-00084100-00084384 independence debate we have the most
0EgyNEBAYEA-00337-00084385-00084696 invigorating enlivening to be almost in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00338-00084697-00084882 political history taking place in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00339-00084883-00085151 Scotland and if all of us condemn such
0EgyNEBAYEA-00340-00085152-00085428 intimate abuse and stand together then
0EgyNEBAYEA-00341-00085429-00085662 we have a good chance of driving out of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00342-00085663-00085901 the debate we shall not do that by
0EgyNEBAYEA-00343-00085902-00086178 attempting to suggest that Campbell gun
0EgyNEBAYEA-00344-00086179-00086412 is the equivalent of the activities of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00345-00086413-00086772 damian mcbride nobody believes that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00346-00086773-00087009 on Lamont shouldn't say it and instead
0EgyNEBAYEA-00347-00087010-00087210 we should stand together and condemn
0EgyNEBAYEA-00348-00087211-00088175 true evil in society Davidson
0EgyNEBAYEA-00349-00088176-00088394 thank you providing officer to ask the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00350-00088395-00088535 First Minister when he will next meet
0EgyNEBAYEA-00351-00088536-00088730 the Secretary of State for Scotland look
0EgyNEBAYEA-00352-00088731-00089069 lands near future Thank You presiding
0EgyNEBAYEA-00353-00089070-00089363 officer the code of conduct for special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00354-00089364-00089684 advisers is unequivocal it's unequivocal
0EgyNEBAYEA-00355-00089685-00089942 both on what breaches the rules and what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00356-00089943-00090182 the sanction should be for that breach
0EgyNEBAYEA-00357-00090183-00090560 it says the preparation or dissemination
0EgyNEBAYEA-00358-00090561-00090821 of inappropriate material or personal
0EgyNEBAYEA-00359-00090822-00091091 attacks has no part to play in the job
0EgyNEBAYEA-00360-00091092-00091304 of being a special adviser as it has no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00361-00091305-00091547 part to play in the conduct of public
0EgyNEBAYEA-00362-00091548-00092060 life any special adviser ever found to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00363-00092061-00092264 be disseminating inappropriate material
0EgyNEBAYEA-00364-00092265-00092612 will automatically be dismissed by their
0EgyNEBAYEA-00365-00092613-00092849 appointing minister in this case the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00366-00092850-00093071 First Minister the first minister who is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00367-00093072-00093281 stood here and repeatedly stated that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00368-00093282-00093464 the special adviser disseminated
0EgyNEBAYEA-00369-00093465-00093773 material that was both a mistake and a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00370-00093774-00094091 misjudgment the code here doesn't just
0EgyNEBAYEA-00371-00094092-00094265 prescribe what is right and wrong it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00372-00094266-00094535 actually states what the sanction should
0EgyNEBAYEA-00373-00094536-00094898 be the code says when a special adviser
0EgyNEBAYEA-00374-00094899-00095135 breaks the rules in this way he should
0EgyNEBAYEA-00375-00095136-00095450 be automatically dismissed what part of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00376-00095451-00095624 that does the First Minister not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00377-00095625-00095906 understand First Minister Bella I've
0EgyNEBAYEA-00378-00095907-00096098 already said that Campbell's mistake was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00379-00096099-00096329 obvious he here only suggested an email
0EgyNEBAYEA-00380-00096330-00096542 that clear lolly was the Dalton law a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00381-00096543-00096725 former Labour Lord Provost egg part
0EgyNEBAYEA-00382-00096726-00096932 lolly the misjudgment was in believing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00383-00096933-00097307 drawing attention to clear a Labour
0EgyNEBAYEA-00384-00097308-00097595 Party connections in an email it was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00385-00097596-00097961 somehow rude as undermining her views
0EgyNEBAYEA-00386-00097962-00098165 and across society that was the mistake
0EgyNEBAYEA-00387-00098166-00098414 and the misjudgment but to write to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00388-00098415-00098669 point to what leads to sacking under the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00389-00098670-00098812 special advisers Claudette's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00390-00098813-00099083 disseminating inappropriate material can
0EgyNEBAYEA-00391-00099084-00099368 I remind drift Davidson what that was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00392-00099369-00099629 drawn up for it was drawn up for Damian
0EgyNEBAYEA-00393-00099630-00099872 McBride's activities in engaging in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00394-00099873-00100094 systematic and deliberate smearing of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00395-00100095-00100277 political opponents and their families
0EgyNEBAYEA-00396-00100278-00100499 in the most disgusting terms his
0EgyNEBAYEA-00397-00100500-00100703 activities were described by Tessa Joe
0EgyNEBAYEA-00398-00100704-00100955 from his own party as malign veil and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00399-00100956-00101261 evil know no one who looks at Campbell
0EgyNEBAYEA-00400-00101262-00101421 guns email
0EgyNEBAYEA-00401-00101422-00101595 one who knows Campbell gun could
0EgyNEBAYEA-00402-00101596-00101859 possibly put it in the same category as
0EgyNEBAYEA-00403-00101860-00102131 Damon McBride and therefore this was not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00404-00102132-00102363 disseminating inappropriate material in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00405-00102364-00102584 terms of the special advisers code of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00406-00102585-00102858 conduct what it was a misjudgment and a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00407-00102858-00103056 mistake for which campbell gun has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00408-00103057-00103302 comprehensively apologized this david
0EgyNEBAYEA-00409-00103303-00103533 presiding officer this is not the first
0EgyNEBAYEA-00410-00103533-00103722 time that questions like this have been
0EgyNEBAYEA-00411-00103723-00104052 raised in this chamber in 1999 Donald
0EgyNEBAYEA-00412-00104053-00104256 yer dismissed a special adviser for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00413-00104257-00104472 giving misleading briefings to the media
0EgyNEBAYEA-00414-00104473-00104769 leading the prosecution was Alex Salmond
0EgyNEBAYEA-00415-00104770-00105051 in the chamber he challenged the then
0EgyNEBAYEA-00416-00105052-00105279 First Minister stating that the culture
0EgyNEBAYEA-00417-00105280-00105642 started at the top I will quote his
0EgyNEBAYEA-00418-00105643-00105969 question directly Mr Salmond asked the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00419-00105970-00106167 late mr. juror will the First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00420-00106168-00106476 accept that what is required is not just
0EgyNEBAYEA-00421-00106477-00106704 a change of personnel but a change of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00422-00106705-00106980 political culture will he accept
0EgyNEBAYEA-00423-00106981-00107295 responsibility for allowing a culture to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00424-00107296-00107616 develop we have an unacceptable culture
0EgyNEBAYEA-00425-00107617-00107847 of intimidation and deep legitimization
0EgyNEBAYEA-00426-00107848-00108066 that reaches all the way to the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00427-00108067-00108378 Minister's Office will he no answer his
0EgyNEBAYEA-00428-00108379-00108791 own question First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00429-00108792-00109172 well a bit of context the email to the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00430-00109173-00109463 Daily Telegraph it's saying that drawing
0EgyNEBAYEA-00431-00109464-00109745 attention to clear Lolly's Labour Party
0EgyNEBAYEA-00432-00109746-00109946 connections was a misjudgment and a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00433-00109947-00110209 mistake that cannot be construed as a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00434-00110210-00110531 veil personal smear as the opposition
0EgyNEBAYEA-00435-00110532-00110858 have tried to do it was a mistake animus
0EgyNEBAYEA-00436-00110858-00111083 judgment for which campbell gun has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00437-00111083-00111503 apologised can I point out as last year
0EgyNEBAYEA-00438-00111504-00111668 when Campbell was getting his long
0EgyNEBAYEA-00439-00111669-00111995 service award Ruth Davidson said he was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00440-00111996-00112193 a scrupulously fair journalist who gives
0EgyNEBAYEA-00441-00112194-00112457 everyone a respect of a party a fair
0EgyNEBAYEA-00442-00112458-00112700 crack of the web he's also one of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00443-00112701-00112861 most interest in engaging people
0EgyNEBAYEA-00444-00112863-00113174 Hollywood is it really conceivable that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00445-00113175-00113410 someone who'd whom who've Davidson heat
0EgyNEBAYEA-00446-00113411-00113705 such high praise last year has turned
0EgyNEBAYEA-00447-00113706-00114034 into the sort of assumed dreadful person
0EgyNEBAYEA-00448-00114035-00114313 that Ruth Davidson no describes if
0EgyNEBAYEA-00449-00114314-00114593 Campbell gun gave Ruth Davidson and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00450-00114594-00114806 every other politician in this chamber
0EgyNEBAYEA-00451-00114807-00115046 affair crackle of work aren't with you
0EgyNEBAYEA-00452-00115047-00115277 to look at what was in the email and not
0EgyNEBAYEA-00453-00115278-00115580 conflated with the vile abusive behavior
0EgyNEBAYEA-00454-00115581-00115832 I on the internet or indeed the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00455-00115833-00116096 activities of damian mcbride campbell
0EgyNEBAYEA-00456-00116097-00116330 gun made a mistake and a mess judgment
0EgyNEBAYEA-00457-00116331-00116552 for which he has comprehensively
0EgyNEBAYEA-00458-00116553-00116813 apologized a lot of fair-minded people
0EgyNEBAYEA-00459-00116814-00117029 will see that it's a reasonable thing to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00460-00117030-00117275 do when people make mistakes and less
0EgyNEBAYEA-00461-00117276-00117497 judgments and they won't try to conflate
0EgyNEBAYEA-00462-00117498-00117767 it with what we should all unite against
0EgyNEBAYEA-00463-00117768-00118033 which is vile abuse in the internet
0EgyNEBAYEA-00464-00118034-00118343 which can pollute a political debate why
0EgyNEBAYEA-00465-00118344-00118598 can't we just say that is not the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00466-00118599-00118834 perogative of anyone government or path
0EgyNEBAYEA-00467-00118835-00119011 to your side of this argument it's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00468-00119013-00119243 something that we should unite against
0EgyNEBAYEA-00469-00119244-00119511 as a parliament and as a society
0EgyNEBAYEA-00470-00119513-00119993 supplementing existing via the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00471-00119994-00120160 Minister we aware that the cost of co2
0EgyNEBAYEA-00472-00120161-00120314 emissions and new bars claire's and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00473-00120315-00120569 gorebridge and my constituency 64
0EgyNEBAYEA-00474-00120570-00120728 households will almost certainly have to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00475-00120729-00120953 be evacuated and their homes demolished
0EgyNEBAYEA-00476-00120954-00121190 causing great distress can I ask the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00477-00121191-00121328 First Minister while dealing with these
0EgyNEBAYEA-00478-00121329-00121544 issues is primarily for the council if
0EgyNEBAYEA-00479-00121545-00121688 his government will engage with the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00480-00121689-00121928 council should it request support First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00481-00121929-00122180 Minister yes alas the minister this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00482-00122181-00122369 sika specific meeting with the council
0EgyNEBAYEA-00483-00122370-00122621 to see if and governmental terms that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00484-00122622-00122906 something can be done to help she quite
0EgyNEBAYEA-00485-00122907-00123085 rightly identified this as primarily a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00486-00123086-00123272 council responsibility but our last day
0EgyNEBAYEA-00487-00123273-00123488 at Makai to seek a specific meeting with
0EgyNEBAYEA-00488-00123489-00123731 the member attending to see if the same
0EgyNEBAYEA-00489-00123732-00123905 thing can be done in addition to help
0EgyNEBAYEA-00490-00123906-00124154 her constituents question 3 we'll add a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00491-00124155-00124403 knee to ask the First Minister what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00492-00124404-00124529 issues will be discussed at the next
0EgyNEBAYEA-00493-00124530-00124649 meeting of the cabinet First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00494-00124650-00124889 issues of importance to the people of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00495-00124890-00125138 Scotland well in many the First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00496-00125139-00125369 just doesn't seem to get it he was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00497-00125370-00125717 satisfied with an apology but continues
0EgyNEBAYEA-00498-00125718-00125924 to defend the criticism of clear la vie
0EgyNEBAYEA-00499-00125925-00126211 I was depressing is that no matter what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00500-00126213-00126506 his softer tone today he's continuing to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00501-00126507-00126770 do so when what just said to Ruth
0EgyNEBAYEA-00502-00126771-00126914 Davidson have to see it just doesn't
0EgyNEBAYEA-00503-00126915-00127127 wash the intention from the special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00504-00127128-00127316 adviser was not to help with the lolly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00505-00127317-00127628 family tree the intention was a personal
0EgyNEBAYEA-00506-00127629-00127861 attack on clearly and that is a clear
0EgyNEBAYEA-00507-00127863-00128123 breach of the cord why doesn't the fuss
0EgyNEBAYEA-00508-00128124-00128372 less than understand her first fast well
0EgyNEBAYEA-00509-00128373-00128663 you say that the family I've said it's a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00510-00128664-00128876 mistake animus judgment I've said why it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00511-00128877-00129032 was a mistake and why it was a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00512-00129033-00129353 misjudgment if it's said to be defending
0EgyNEBAYEA-00513-00129354-00129524 someone to point out the difference
0EgyNEBAYEA-00514-00129525-00129767 between what Campbell gun did and Damian
0EgyNEBAYEA-00515-00129768-00129929 McBride dead and why it doesn't
0EgyNEBAYEA-00516-00129930-00130178 constitute the dissemination of an
0EgyNEBAYEA-00517-00130179-00130367 appropriate material as governed by the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00518-00130368-00130571 code then I think that's the entirely
0EgyNEBAYEA-00519-00130572-00130877 reasonable thing to do a most people
0EgyNEBAYEA-00520-00130878-00131156 will not regard drawing attention to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00521-00131157-00131372 some of these Labour Party connections
0EgyNEBAYEA-00522-00131373-00131642 as anything other than a mistake and a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00523-00131643-00131921 misjudgment it is certainly not vyel
0EgyNEBAYEA-00524-00131922-00132209 personal abuse one of her one of Willie
0EgyNEBAYEA-00525-00132210-00132431 Rainey's call it colleagues Danny
0EgyNEBAYEA-00526-00132432-00132668 Alexander and radio this morning said
0EgyNEBAYEA-00527-00132669-00132986 the vile outpourings we're on the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00528-00132987-00133181 internet or from the First Minister's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00529-00133182-00133454 Office should be condemned how an F can
0EgyNEBAYEA-00530-00133455-00133718 that be construed as a vile outpouring
0EgyNEBAYEA-00531-00133719-00133976 how linear could it be equated where the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00532-00133977-00134231 abuse it takes place in the internet and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00533-00134232-00134507 at some point when mistakes are made and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00534-00134508-00134705 Willie Rennie makes one or two of them
0EgyNEBAYEA-00535-00134706-00134933 are self it's not an apology the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00536-00134934-00135140 appropriate thing to go forward I've
0EgyNEBAYEA-00537-00135141-00135332 made it clear what I expect from my
0EgyNEBAYEA-00538-00135333-00135560 special advisers that is what I will
0EgyNEBAYEA-00539-00135561-00135824 present this apology a reasonable
0EgyNEBAYEA-00540-00135825-00136061 response to something which was not vile
0EgyNEBAYEA-00541-00136062-00136340 person abuse but was a mistake and ms
0EgyNEBAYEA-00542-00136341-00136661 judgment well-draining clearly doesn't
0EgyNEBAYEA-00543-00136662-00136826 think it's reasonable she didn't think
0EgyNEBAYEA-00544-00136827-00136985 it was a reasonable apology the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00545-00136986-00137189 Minister has got to realize that to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00546-00137190-00137447 stand by Campbell gun is to defend this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00547-00137448-00137687 kind of behavior it is a matter of how
0EgyNEBAYEA-00548-00137688-00137956 we carry ourselves and how others see us
0EgyNEBAYEA-00549-00137957-00138200 clear Molly's got something to see about
0EgyNEBAYEA-00550-00138201-00138425 Kira's she's got something to say about
0EgyNEBAYEA-00551-00138426-00138734 our country but I like some in Scotland
0EgyNEBAYEA-00552-00138735-00138869 you have to be careful about what you
0EgyNEBAYEA-00553-00138870-00139184 see unless you want for him isn't it the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00554-00139185-00139484 case that Scotland is a little bit less
0EgyNEBAYEA-00555-00139485-00139712 of a free society today than it was last
0EgyNEBAYEA-00556-00139713-00140093 week First Minister even an Willie
0EgyNEBAYEA-00557-00140094-00140306 Rani's terms I think that's something of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00558-00140307-00140672 an exaggeration what I object to in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00559-00140673-00140849 way the opposition are dealing with is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00560-00140850-00141026 twofold I don't think it's reasonable
0EgyNEBAYEA-00561-00141027-00141278 given for all of us know about Campbell
0EgyNEBAYEA-00562-00141279-00141539 gun and is conduct over so many years to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00563-00141540-00141743 suggest that Campbell gun has been in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00564-00141744-00142040 any way shape or form orchestrating vile
0EgyNEBAYEA-00565-00142041-00142216 person abuse which understandably
0EgyNEBAYEA-00566-00142217-00142427 whether it's in clear Lolly's case or
0EgyNEBAYEA-00567-00142428-00142729 any other case upsets the person who's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00568-00142730-00142940 the recipient of it to conflate what
0EgyNEBAYEA-00569-00142941-00143191 kind of gun dead with that vile person
0EgyNEBAYEA-00570-00143192-00143459 abuse is unreasonable what Campbell gun
0EgyNEBAYEA-00571-00143460-00143636 did was a mistake and I'm as judgment
0EgyNEBAYEA-00572-00143637-00143828 for which he is apologized which is the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00573-00143829-00144146 appropriate thing to do clears
0EgyNEBAYEA-00574-00144147-00144518 contribution the IT enormously seriously
0EgyNEBAYEA-00575-00144519-00144839 along with other carers has led to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00576-00144840-00145097 changes already in government policy has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00577-00145098-00145406 led to the consultation which achieved a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00578-00145407-00145697 huge number of substantive contributions
0EgyNEBAYEA-00579-00145698-00146027 across swati society it's led to the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00580-00146028-00146222 proposals which are going to be affected
0EgyNEBAYEA-00581-00146223-00146486 into legislation later this year and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00582-00146487-00146777 amazingly enough this is the first time
0EgyNEBAYEA-00583-00146778-00147011 at Prime Minister First Minister's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00584-00147012-00147224 Questions aftereing questions on this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00585-00147225-00147473 basis that I have had this forward to me
0EgyNEBAYEA-00586-00147474-00147713 by any of the opposition leaders so
0EgyNEBAYEA-00587-00147714-00147935 let's salute clear Lolly's contribution
0EgyNEBAYEA-00588-00147936-00148127 whatever our politics to bringing the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00589-00148128-00148343 contribution of carers to the north of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00590-00148344-00148562 Scottish society let's go forward
0EgyNEBAYEA-00591-00148563-00148804 without legislation and make Scotland a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00592-00148805-00148946 better place
0EgyNEBAYEA-00593-00148947-00149386 the chaos of this country question for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00594-00149387-00149744 Dennis Robertson a Thank You presiding
0EgyNEBAYEA-00595-00149745-00149918 officer class the First Minister which
0EgyNEBAYEA-00596-00149919-00150089 gosh scottish government's position is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00597-00150090-00150539 on the instant young a 2014 yuki
0EgyNEBAYEA-00598-00150540-00150841 attractiveness survey don't know well
0EgyNEBAYEA-00599-00150842-00151084 the MS teen young survey was one of many
0EgyNEBAYEA-00600-00151085-00151394 substantial and encouraging reports
0EgyNEBAYEA-00601-00151395-00151601 which were released this week in terms
0EgyNEBAYEA-00602-00151602-00151796 of the scottish economy it shows that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00603-00151797-00151934 scotland was once again the top
0EgyNEBAYEA-00604-00151935-00152126 performing area of the united kingdom
0EgyNEBAYEA-00605-00152127-00152282 outside london for foreign direct
0EgyNEBAYEA-00606-00152283-00152561 investment 2013 with the number of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00607-00152562-00152902 projects reaching a 16-year hi that is a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00608-00152903-00153143 senseless immensely encouraging news it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00609-00153144-00153362 contrasts of course with the views of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00610-00153363-00153533 the Chancellor its check of some three
0EgyNEBAYEA-00611-00153534-00153754 years ago when he warned scotland that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00612-00153755-00153979 the debate on the constitution was going
0EgyNEBAYEA-00613-00153980-00154235 to put off foreign direct investment no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00614-00154236-00154504 we know that foreign direct investment
0EgyNEBAYEA-00615-00154505-00154811 is subbing in scotland no we know that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00616-00154812-00155000 this exceptional achievement has been
0EgyNEBAYEA-00617-00155001-00155102 achieved by Scottish development
0EgyNEBAYEA-00618-00155103-00155381 international perhaps that's one of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00619-00155382-00155614 scare mongering armory a better together
0EgyNEBAYEA-00620-00155615-00155846 which finally will be put to bed in each
0EgyNEBAYEA-00621-00155847-00156236 others like the First Minister for that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00622-00156237-00156502 response and well of course we welcome
0EgyNEBAYEA-00623-00156503-00156707 the 16-year hi this is First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00624-00156708-00156923 agree with me that the continued
0EgyNEBAYEA-00625-00156924-00157240 dominance a from London perhaps as was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00626-00157241-00157388 suggested in the am stern young
0EgyNEBAYEA-00627-00157389-00157702 statement it risk overshadowing the rest
0EgyNEBAYEA-00628-00157703-00157964 of the UK and the only way forward for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00629-00157965-00158377 an economic prosperous Scotland in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00630-00158378-00158629 future and to keep Scotland first is to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00631-00158630-00158984 vote Yes Minister well except it's
0EgyNEBAYEA-00632-00158985-00159122 certainly true that the independent
0EgyNEBAYEA-00633-00159123-00159284 research some else the young scores that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00634-00159285-00159397 Scott there's a greater share of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00635-00159398-00159703 projects not just in terms of average
0EgyNEBAYEA-00636-00159704-00159939 not just second only to London across
0EgyNEBAYEA-00637-00159940-00160307 across the UK but also in terms of key
0EgyNEBAYEA-00638-00160308-00160520 areas research and development
0EgyNEBAYEA-00639-00160521-00160736 manufacturing a very substantial
0EgyNEBAYEA-00640-00160737-00161033 percentage of elmwood investments last
0EgyNEBAYEA-00641-00161034-00161282 year well in these key areas which helps
0EgyNEBAYEA-00642-00161283-00161491 to shape the scholarship kana me it for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00643-00161492-00161744 the future I really do you think the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00644-00161745-00161918 opposition party should be able to in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00645-00161919-00162227 mind it is not that long ago since they
0EgyNEBAYEA-00646-00162228-00162333 were repeating the clay
0EgyNEBAYEA-00647-00162334-00162546 of the Chancellor of the Exchequer the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00648-00162547-00162789 end and what investment would be the tab
0EgyNEBAYEA-00649-00162790-00162921 the investment the scholarship going to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00650-00162922-00163095 be deterred by the constitutional debate
0EgyNEBAYEA-00651-00163096-00163335 now we have these figures not for one
0EgyNEBAYEA-00652-00163336-00163581 year but over the last three years will
0EgyNEBAYEA-00653-00163582-00163818 they finally move away from scare
0EgyNEBAYEA-00654-00163819-00164034 mongering and embrace instead the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00655-00164035-00164238 success and the scottish economy and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00656-00164239-00164421 salute the progress of Scottish
0EgyNEBAYEA-00657-00164422-00164610 development international and our other
0EgyNEBAYEA-00658-00164611-00165060 agencies question 5 mar 15 thank you to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00659-00165061-00165294 ask the First Minister what the scottish
0EgyNEBAYEA-00660-00165295-00165507 government responds as to the sod we've
0EgyNEBAYEA-00661-00165508-00165744 published by transform scotland to mark
0EgyNEBAYEA-00662-00165745-00165900 the launch of its effects it first
0EgyNEBAYEA-00663-00165901-00166125 campaign first minister well the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00664-00166126-00166275 government is committed to delivering a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00665-00166276-00166458 well-maintained transport network the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00666-00166459-00166602 targeted program a major road
0EgyNEBAYEA-00667-00166603-00166773 improvements is addressing Patrick
0EgyNEBAYEA-00668-00166774-00166977 McLoughlin much quoted claim that have
0EgyNEBAYEA-00669-00166978-00167208 been decades of underinvestment and our
0EgyNEBAYEA-00670-00167209-00167469 motorways and trunk roads and exactly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00671-00167470-00167703 these decades of underinvestment we are
0EgyNEBAYEA-00672-00167704-00167865 married addressing and in doing so with
0EgyNEBAYEA-00673-00167866-00168222 the m74 the ma am so 80 a 96 Julie
0EgyNEBAYEA-00674-00168223-00168387 McQueen's fell across again I'm dueling
0EgyNEBAYEA-00675-00168388-00168624 we see substantial projects underway
0EgyNEBAYEA-00676-00168625-00168834 where the first government committee to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00677-00168835-00169017 linking all of her cities by motorway of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00678-00169018-00169227 dual carriageway and he will have seen
0EgyNEBAYEA-00679-00169228-00169434 yesterday that the preferred bidder for
0EgyNEBAYEA-00680-00169435-00169674 the Aberdeen Western peripheral many to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00681-00169675-00169947 type of the NPD contract brings us
0EgyNEBAYEA-00682-00169948-00170130 another step closer to completing a
0EgyNEBAYEA-00683-00170131-00170375 project which will create an estimated
0EgyNEBAYEA-00684-00170376-00170682 14,000 jobs and contribute over a period
0EgyNEBAYEA-00685-00170683-00170970 over 6 billion of added production to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00686-00170971-00171123 the economy of the northeast of Scotland
0EgyNEBAYEA-00687-00171124-00171360 I know that mark is a an MSP from
0EgyNEBAYEA-00688-00171361-00171603 Central Scotland but I'm sure that just
0EgyNEBAYEA-00689-00171604-00171816 as he applauded the great projects and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00690-00171817-00172008 Central Scotland he will applaud the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00691-00172009-00172269 Western peripheral route starting in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00692-00172270-00172598 route to bar me TT TT not good
0EgyNEBAYEA-00693-00172599-00172787 the First Minister that answer
0EgyNEBAYEA-00694-00172788-00173069 eighty-four percent of people one poll
0EgyNEBAYEA-00695-00173070-00173291 facts as a matter of urgency and that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00696-00173292-00173479 was seventy-nine percent and the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00697-00173480-00173711 northway of those projects were going
0EgyNEBAYEA-00698-00173712-00173918 ahead and that's no surprise since the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00699-00173919-00174110 report we had from the e told us that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00700-00174111-00174344 forty four percent of people had their
0EgyNEBAYEA-00701-00174345-00174563 vehicles damaged in the past two years
0EgyNEBAYEA-00702-00174564-00174857 as a result of potholes when or scottish
0EgyNEBAYEA-00703-00174858-00175043 government step up and commit the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00704-00175044-00175298 resources to address it turned point 25
0EgyNEBAYEA-00705-00175299-00175535 billion pounds worth of road maintenance
0EgyNEBAYEA-00706-00175536-00175736 backlog which local government are
0EgyNEBAYEA-00707-00175737-00175934 struggling to cope with First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00708-00175935-00176345 well as Mark Reverend Wright rightly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00709-00176346-00176573 knows the maintenance priorities are
0EgyNEBAYEA-00710-00176574-00176747 split between local government and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00711-00176748-00176978 central government can i address the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00712-00176979-00177401 area under our direct control in 2014-15
0EgyNEBAYEA-00713-00177402-00177596 the budget for motorways and front roads
0EgyNEBAYEA-00714-00177597-00177956 is over 677 million pounds thirty
0EgyNEBAYEA-00715-00177957-00178139 percent of that budget has been
0EgyNEBAYEA-00716-00178140-00178370 allocated for maintenance spending on
0EgyNEBAYEA-00717-00178371-00178814 the roads that is 214 million pounds
0EgyNEBAYEA-00718-00178815-00179063 which is twenty-eight percent higher
0EgyNEBAYEA-00719-00179064-00179432 than the 160 6.4 million which we
0EgyNEBAYEA-00720-00179433-00179866 inherited in 2007 2008 I'm sure mark
0EgyNEBAYEA-00721-00179867-00180056 Griffin will accept as far as central
0EgyNEBAYEA-00722-00180057-00180236 government Spain is concerned that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00723-00180237-00180461 priority leading to a twenty eight
0EgyNEBAYEA-00724-00180462-00180728 percent increase in maintenance spending
0EgyNEBAYEA-00725-00180729-00180947 on the trunk roads in the face of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00726-00180948-00181229 extraordinary austerity program from
0EgyNEBAYEA-00727-00181230-00181478 labour and Tory central government is no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00728-00181479-00181706 mean achievement as far as central
0EgyNEBAYEA-00729-00181707-00181877 government's concerned and therefore
0EgyNEBAYEA-00730-00181878-00182012 will accept that these figures
0EgyNEBAYEA-00731-00182013-00182243 demonstrate our priority not just the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00732-00182244-00182477 building new roads for the great NPD
0EgyNEBAYEA-00733-00182478-00182675 program that for maintaining the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00734-00182676-00182906 existing trunk roads and bringing about
0EgyNEBAYEA-00735-00182907-00183059 some of the improvements which we both
0EgyNEBAYEA-00736-00183060-00183340 jointly want to see question 6 Liz Smith
0EgyNEBAYEA-00737-00183341-00183569 to ask the First Minister when the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00738-00183570-00183754 Scottish Government last members of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00739-00183755-00183902 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee
0EgyNEBAYEA-00740-00183903-00184115 and whether access to the Special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00741-00184116-00184241 Reserve was discussed First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00742-00184242-00184475 well this guy's government meets Glasgow
0EgyNEBAYEA-00743-00184476-00184661 2014 organizing committee frequently
0EgyNEBAYEA-00744-00184662-00184826 discuss a wide range of issues relevant
0EgyNEBAYEA-00745-00184827-00185078 to delivery of the successful games in
0EgyNEBAYEA-00746-00185079-00185264 fact I'm told here I find this difficult
0EgyNEBAYEA-00747-00185265-00185450 to believe but I will correct me
0EgyNEBAYEA-00748-00185451-00185665 information is wrong just yesterday
0EgyNEBAYEA-00749-00185666-00185864 Elizabeth attended a meeting with the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00750-00185865-00185945 director of finance
0EgyNEBAYEA-00751-00185946-00186151 was present but firmly she did not take
0EgyNEBAYEA-00752-00186152-00186335 advantage of the opportunity and asked
0EgyNEBAYEA-00753-00186336-00186538 no budget questions of the director of
0EgyNEBAYEA-00754-00186539-00186731 finance or indeed the cabinet safety
0EgyNEBAYEA-00755-00186732-00186932 know everything I know I have to say
0EgyNEBAYEA-00756-00186933-00187235 about Elizabeth would tell me that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00757-00187236-00187354 less would have taken such an
0EgyNEBAYEA-00758-00187355-00187511 opportunity so I'll give her full and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00759-00187512-00187661 fair opportunity to correct that
0EgyNEBAYEA-00760-00187662-00187937 information if it proves to be incorrect
0EgyNEBAYEA-00761-00187938-00188116 but it does seem that both the cabinet
0EgyNEBAYEA-00762-00188117-00188290 safety and the director of finance were
0EgyNEBAYEA-00763-00188291-00188501 available yesterday and I'm sure it was
0EgyNEBAYEA-00764-00188502-00188735 didn't ask a question must be a very
0EgyNEBAYEA-00765-00188736-00189125 good reason for it let's Thank You
0EgyNEBAYEA-00766-00189126-00189281 First Minister I'd be delighted to take
0EgyNEBAYEA-00767-00189282-00189451 the opportunity with the First Minister
0EgyNEBAYEA-00768-00189452-00189695 know a Scottish Government a scottish
0EgyNEBAYEA-00769-00189696-00189938 government official stated that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00770-00189939-00190151 special reserve fund was only to be used
0EgyNEBAYEA-00771-00190152-00190513 and what I caught really unexpected left
0EgyNEBAYEA-00772-00190514-00190733 field events but in a parliamentary
0EgyNEBAYEA-00773-00190734-00190886 answer to my colleague John Lamont
0EgyNEBAYEA-00774-00190887-00191084 surely Roberson confirmed that the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00775-00191085-00191263 recent request to allocate not point
0EgyNEBAYEA-00776-00191264-00191393 eight million from the special reserve
0EgyNEBAYEA-00777-00191394-00191665 fund has been allocated for and i quote
0EgyNEBAYEA-00778-00191666-00191846 potential pressures that are associated
0EgyNEBAYEA-00779-00191847-00192103 with venue fit eight could the First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00780-00192104-00192311 Minister as the person who sanctions the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00781-00192312-00192545 use of special reserve funds define the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00782-00192546-00192778 criteria by which meet the special
0EgyNEBAYEA-00783-00192779-00193034 circumstances taste as defined by audit
0EgyNEBAYEA-00784-00193035-00193262 Scotland and why given that this is
0EgyNEBAYEA-00785-00193263-00193484 taxpayers money it was only through
0EgyNEBAYEA-00786-00193485-00193673 investigative journalism that the public
0EgyNEBAYEA-00787-00193674-00193883 was first alerted to these changes to
0EgyNEBAYEA-00788-00193884-00194053 the Commonwealth Games budgeting First
0EgyNEBAYEA-00789-00194054-00194302 Minister right there I'd see it
0EgyNEBAYEA-00790-00194303-00194474 confirmed that less didn't ask the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00791-00194475-00194600 question yesterday which I have to say
0EgyNEBAYEA-00792-00194601-00194795 it shops and surprised me but I can
0EgyNEBAYEA-00793-00194796-00195001 confirm to her that the situation has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00794-00195002-00195209 not changed from when the cabinet
0EgyNEBAYEA-00795-00195210-00195376 secretary answered the identical
0EgyNEBAYEA-00796-00195377-00195553 question from one of her colleagues just
0EgyNEBAYEA-00797-00195554-00195761 last week and that is that the games
0EgyNEBAYEA-00798-00195762-00196015 continue to be delivered on time and on
0EgyNEBAYEA-00799-00196016-00196298 budget can I point out to Les Smurfs the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00800-00196299-00196634 total games budget is 575 point six
0EgyNEBAYEA-00801-00196635-00196925 million pounds including the 90 million
0EgyNEBAYEA-00802-00196926-00197104 pound security budget and the two
0EgyNEBAYEA-00803-00197105-00197329 contingency budgets the operational
0EgyNEBAYEA-00804-00197330-00197626 contingency and the Special Reserve now
0EgyNEBAYEA-00805-00197627-00197861 I don't want to get into Donald Rumsfeld
0EgyNEBAYEA-00806-00197862-00198158 mood about predicting known unknowns and
0EgyNEBAYEA-00807-00198159-00198391 unknown knowns but the Special Reserve
0EgyNEBAYEA-00808-00198392-00198671 is exactly there because it's recognized
0EgyNEBAYEA-00809-00198672-00198899 that there can be events in the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00810-00198900-00199151 proximity of the games that require this
0EgyNEBAYEA-00811-00199152-00199331 budget e4 amount
0EgyNEBAYEA-00812-00199332-00199540 be accessed the protection for the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00813-00199541-00199772 public and for this Parliament as it has
0EgyNEBAYEA-00814-00199773-00200050 to be exercised by ministerial approval
0EgyNEBAYEA-00815-00200051-00200408 the SS part of the games budget which
0EgyNEBAYEA-00816-00200409-00200594 has been broadcast to this Parliament
0EgyNEBAYEA-00817-00200595-00200834 elsewhere in humoral times the games
0EgyNEBAYEA-00818-00200835-00201224 budget is 575 point six million fans the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00819-00201225-00201470 games in glasgow have been delivered on
0EgyNEBAYEA-00820-00201471-00201812 time and on budget this is one of the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00821-00201813-00202043 few international events in history
0EgyNEBAYEA-00822-00202044-00202295 which can make that claim now I think
0EgyNEBAYEA-00823-00202296-00202612 ourselves our partners in Glasgow cancel
0EgyNEBAYEA-00824-00202613-00202840 the organising committee have done an
0EgyNEBAYEA-00825-00202841-00203120 amazing job to achieve what virtually no
0EgyNEBAYEA-00826-00203121-00203393 other games or world events has achieved
0EgyNEBAYEA-00827-00203394-00203699 and is it possible at some stage perhaps
0EgyNEBAYEA-00828-00203700-00203938 in the enthusiasm when she attains the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00829-00203939-00204170 games of self that Liz Smith will give
0EgyNEBAYEA-00830-00204171-00204374 credit where credit's due to the
0EgyNEBAYEA-00831-00204375-00204761 organizing committee versus questions we
0EgyNEBAYEA-00832-00204762-00204905 know you move to members business
0EgyNEBAYEA-00833-00204906-00205046 membership leave the chamber should do
0EgyNEBAYEA-00834-00205046-00206006 so quickly and quietly
0EgyNEBAYEA-00835-00206007-00206213 you
0FiRGL9eL54-00000-00000000-00000209 they went through from the crisis thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00001-00000210-00000377 you Senator Sheldon at now being two
0FiRGL9eL54-00002-00000378-00000580 o'clock we shall move to question time
0FiRGL9eL54-00003-00000581-00000844 and I call Senator Birmingham
0FiRGL9eL54-00004-00000846-00001037 thank you thank you president it's been
0FiRGL9eL54-00005-00001038-00001169 a while since I had the opportunity to
0FiRGL9eL54-00006-00001170-00001357 ask the question
0FiRGL9eL54-00007-00001358-00001648 president my uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00008-00001650-00001960 my question is to the minister for
0FiRGL9eL54-00009-00001961-00002159 agriculture fisheries and Forestry
0FiRGL9eL54-00010-00002160-00002368 Senator Watts
0FiRGL9eL54-00011-00002369-00002615 I refer to The Minister's 15 July
0FiRGL9eL54-00012-00002616-00002867 announcement of additional technical
0FiRGL9eL54-00013-00002868-00003173 expertise and support to Indonesia Tim
0FiRGL9eL54-00014-00003174-00003467 molest and Papua New Guinea ask the
0FiRGL9eL54-00015-00003468-00003683 minister have biosecurity offices
0FiRGL9eL54-00016-00003684-00003869 departmental officials and
0FiRGL9eL54-00017-00003870-00004079 non-departmental veterinarians being
0FiRGL9eL54-00018-00004079-00004397 deployed to Indonesia and if so in which
0FiRGL9eL54-00019-00004398-00004511 provinces
0FiRGL9eL54-00020-00004512-00004745 have vaccines now been provided to
0FiRGL9eL54-00021-00004746-00004943 Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-00022-00004944-00005170 thank you Senator Birmingham Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00023-00005171-00005435 watt thank you president and I thank the
0FiRGL9eL54-00024-00005436-00005572 leader of the opposition for granting me
0FiRGL9eL54-00025-00005573-00005711 the great honor of receiving the first
0FiRGL9eL54-00026-00005712-00005849 question on behalf of the incoming
0FiRGL9eL54-00027-00005850-00006269 Albanese government
0FiRGL9eL54-00028-00006270-00006637 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-00029-00006638-00006887 uh and and I thank him for asking this
0FiRGL9eL54-00030-00006888-00007019 question because it is a very serious
0FiRGL9eL54-00031-00007020-00007375 issue uh as as I have repeatedly stated
0FiRGL9eL54-00032-00007376-00007720 both publicly in the media and in the
0FiRGL9eL54-00033-00007722-00007996 briefing that I just provided to all MPS
0FiRGL9eL54-00034-00007997-00008237 including opposition MPS about this very
0FiRGL9eL54-00035-00008238-00008446 serious threat this is something that
0FiRGL9eL54-00036-00008447-00008585 the Albanese government is taking
0FiRGL9eL54-00037-00008586-00008837 seriously it's worth noting that this
0FiRGL9eL54-00038-00008838-00009077 outbreak reached Indonesia prior to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00039-00009078-00009317 election when the former government was
0FiRGL9eL54-00040-00009318-00009646 in government and we of course have now
0FiRGL9eL54-00041-00009647-00009839 become responsible for supporting our
0FiRGL9eL54-00042-00009840-00010060 friends in Indonesia to manage their
0FiRGL9eL54-00043-00010061-00010283 outbreak especially since that outbreak
0FiRGL9eL54-00044-00010284-00010703 reached Bali now uh Senator Birmingham
0FiRGL9eL54-00045-00010704-00010895 has referred to announcements that I
0FiRGL9eL54-00046-00010896-00011074 have made on behalf of the government as
0FiRGL9eL54-00047-00011075-00011291 to assistance that we are providing our
0FiRGL9eL54-00048-00011292-00011531 friends in Indonesia that assistance
0FiRGL9eL54-00049-00011532-00011788 includes one million vaccines for foot
0FiRGL9eL54-00050-00011789-00012035 and mouth disease along with a range of
0FiRGL9eL54-00051-00012036-00012310 technical assistance such as assistance
0FiRGL9eL54-00052-00012311-00012556 in rolling out the vaccines in improving
0FiRGL9eL54-00053-00012557-00012767 Laboratory Testing capacity and a range
0FiRGL9eL54-00054-00012768-00013001 of other measures that the Indonesian
0FiRGL9eL54-00055-00013002-00013163 government has advised us would be of
0FiRGL9eL54-00056-00013163-00013463 assistance to them we as I have
0FiRGL9eL54-00057-00013463-00013757 previously made public we expect the
0FiRGL9eL54-00058-00013758-00014063 vaccines to be delivered to Indonesia in
0FiRGL9eL54-00059-00014063-00014351 August they have been ordered we expect
0FiRGL9eL54-00060-00014352-00014663 them to arrive in August as previously
0FiRGL9eL54-00061-00014663-00014938 announced the offer has as I say been
0FiRGL9eL54-00062-00014940-00015233 made to provide technical assistance I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-00063-00015234-00015461 aware that one of our biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00064-00015462-00015736 experts has already been liaising with
0FiRGL9eL54-00065-00015737-00015953 Indonesian authorities and that
0FiRGL9eL54-00066-00015954-00016103 assistance will continue to be rolled
0FiRGL9eL54-00067-00016104-00016271 out in partnership with the Indonesian
0FiRGL9eL54-00068-00016272-00016372 government
0FiRGL9eL54-00069-00016373-00016577 Senator Senator Birmingham first
0FiRGL9eL54-00070-00016578-00016703 supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00071-00016704-00017008 thanks sir thanks president I note the
0FiRGL9eL54-00072-00017009-00017158 minister has confirmed the government's
0FiRGL9eL54-00073-00017159-00017350 intention to provide one million
0FiRGL9eL54-00074-00017351-00017693 vaccinations to Indonesia but has
0FiRGL9eL54-00075-00017694-00017855 indicated they will not be provided
0FiRGL9eL54-00076-00017856-00018125 until August now I asked the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00077-00018126-00018317 again have biosecurity offices
0FiRGL9eL54-00078-00018318-00018514 departmental officials and
0FiRGL9eL54-00079-00018515-00018719 non-departmental veterinarians being
0FiRGL9eL54-00080-00018720-00019019 deployed to Indonesia and if so in which
0FiRGL9eL54-00081-00019020-00019175 provinces
0FiRGL9eL54-00082-00019176-00019564 Senator what thank you president uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00083-00019565-00019847 I am aware that not only any
0FiRGL9eL54-00084-00019848-00020086 veterinarian but our country's Chief
0FiRGL9eL54-00085-00020087-00020405 Veterinary officer Dr Mark Shipp has
0FiRGL9eL54-00086-00020406-00020717 personally been in Indonesia cooperating
0FiRGL9eL54-00087-00020718-00021017 with the Indonesian government and their
0FiRGL9eL54-00088-00021018-00021293 Veterinary authorities to offer
0FiRGL9eL54-00089-00021294-00021397 assistance
0FiRGL9eL54-00090-00021398-00021700 and that is ahead of the deployment of
0FiRGL9eL54-00091-00021701-00022036 additional expertise as some members
0FiRGL9eL54-00092-00022037-00022283 opposite might know when in government
0FiRGL9eL54-00093-00022284-00022517 when liaising with other governments
0FiRGL9eL54-00094-00022518-00022733 it's probably a good idea to do that in
0FiRGL9eL54-00095-00022734-00022967 partnership with those governments and
0FiRGL9eL54-00096-00022968-00023255 to work with them in a manner that works
0FiRGL9eL54-00097-00023256-00023513 on the ground so the chief vet was with
0FiRGL9eL54-00098-00023514-00023722 me during my recent trip to Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-00099-00023723-00023891 where I met with the Indonesian Minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00100-00023892-00024089 for agriculture along with the head of
0FiRGL9eL54-00101-00024090-00024305 the disaster Management Authority and I
0FiRGL9eL54-00102-00024306-00024497 expect that this extra assistance that
0FiRGL9eL54-00103-00024498-00024689 we have offered will be deployed as
0FiRGL9eL54-00104-00024690-00024850 quickly as it possibly can in
0FiRGL9eL54-00105-00024851-00025072 partnership with Indonesia Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00106-00025073-00025294 Birmingham second supplementary thanks
0FiRGL9eL54-00107-00025295-00025528 president so president I note that none
0FiRGL9eL54-00108-00025529-00025690 of the promised vaccinations have been
0FiRGL9eL54-00109-00025691-00025967 provided to Indonesia yet and none of
0FiRGL9eL54-00110-00025968-00026140 the promised veterinarians or other
0FiRGL9eL54-00111-00026141-00026327 support officials have been deployed to
0FiRGL9eL54-00112-00026327-00026579 Indonesia yet I asked the minister in
0FiRGL9eL54-00113-00026580-00026729 relation to the aspect of his
0FiRGL9eL54-00114-00026730-00026939 announcement for additional Frontline
0FiRGL9eL54-00115-00026939-00027161 biosecurity and Industry preparedness
0FiRGL9eL54-00116-00027162-00027455 measures in Australia how many of the 18
0FiRGL9eL54-00117-00027456-00027731 new biosecurity offices are currently
0FiRGL9eL54-00118-00027732-00028031 operational and at which airports
0FiRGL9eL54-00119-00028032-00028289 thank you Senator what uh thanks
0FiRGL9eL54-00120-00028289-00028529 president before I directly answer uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00121-00028530-00028733 Senator birmingham's question I want to
0FiRGL9eL54-00122-00028733-00028883 pick up this point that he keeps making
0FiRGL9eL54-00123-00028883-00029195 about vaccines uh as may as you may be
0FiRGL9eL54-00124-00029195-00029381 aware when the Prime Minister visited
0FiRGL9eL54-00125-00029382-00029579 Indonesia shortly after the election he
0FiRGL9eL54-00126-00029580-00029735 made an offer of vaccines to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00127-00029736-00029933 Indonesian government at that point in
0FiRGL9eL54-00128-00029933-00030131 time they decided decided as is their
0FiRGL9eL54-00129-00030132-00030383 Sovereign right that they would obtain
0FiRGL9eL54-00130-00030383-00030562 those vaccines Elsewhere for the time
0FiRGL9eL54-00131-00030563-00030743 being and would begin a domestic
0FiRGL9eL54-00132-00030744-00031024 production program around vaccines we
0FiRGL9eL54-00133-00031025-00031283 have of course since offered a million
0FiRGL9eL54-00134-00031283-00031487 vaccines that have been accepted they
0FiRGL9eL54-00135-00031488-00031714 have been ordered they will be provided
0FiRGL9eL54-00136-00031716-00032117 in Indonesia to Indonesia in August and
0FiRGL9eL54-00137-00032118-00032387 in terms of biosecurity offices I'll get
0FiRGL9eL54-00138-00032388-00032555 you the exact number but my advice is
0FiRGL9eL54-00139-00032556-00032711 that they have begun being rolled out
0FiRGL9eL54-00140-00032712-00032999 into airports and mail centers now while
0FiRGL9eL54-00141-00033000-00033161 I've got 10 seconds left I do want to
0FiRGL9eL54-00142-00033162-00033311 make the point that those biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00143-00033312-00033539 offices will not only be deployed into
0FiRGL9eL54-00144-00033540-00033737 airports they will be deployed into mail
0FiRGL9eL54-00145-00033738-00034007 centers as well because the mail centers
0FiRGL9eL54-00146-00034008-00034259 are highest risk we have
0FiRGL9eL54-00147-00034260-00035411 thank you and our order
0FiRGL9eL54-00148-00035412-00035740 and senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00149-00035741-00035962 Senator I'm clarifying that you've taken
0FiRGL9eL54-00150-00035963-00036118 a portion of Senator birmingham's
0FiRGL9eL54-00151-00036119-00036299 question on notice Senator McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00152-00036300-00036473 Senator Welsh
0FiRGL9eL54-00153-00036474-00036718 uh thank you president my question is to
0FiRGL9eL54-00154-00036719-00036923 the minister representing the Prime
0FiRGL9eL54-00155-00036924-00037205 Minister Senator Wong in May the
0FiRGL9eL54-00156-00037206-00037396 Australian people voted for a labor
0FiRGL9eL54-00157-00037397-00037607 government with real plans to build a
0FiRGL9eL54-00158-00037608-00037811 better future can the minister update
0FiRGL9eL54-00159-00037812-00038015 the Senate on how the government is
0FiRGL9eL54-00160-00038016-00038362 working towards that goal
0FiRGL9eL54-00161-00038363-00038567 Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00162-00038568-00038818 thank you very much
0FiRGL9eL54-00163-00038819-00039167 um uh president and thank you to Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00164-00039168-00039580 Walsh for the question uh rare to get an
0FiRGL9eL54-00165-00039581-00039773 interjection on a dixa but I know you
0FiRGL9eL54-00166-00039774-00039965 know it's early days in the process of
0FiRGL9eL54-00167-00039966-00040133 dealing with the change of government on
0FiRGL9eL54-00168-00040134-00040289 that side
0FiRGL9eL54-00169-00040290-00040624 um I I I I would say this
0FiRGL9eL54-00170-00040625-00040924 um as we start this new term uh you know
0FiRGL9eL54-00171-00040925-00041062 I hope all of us in this chamber
0FiRGL9eL54-00172-00041063-00041357 recognize the privilege that we with
0FiRGL9eL54-00173-00041358-00041501 which we have been entrusted in
0FiRGL9eL54-00174-00041502-00041824 whichever roles we have and that is no
0FiRGL9eL54-00175-00041825-00042011 less the opportunity no less than the
0FiRGL9eL54-00176-00042012-00042185 opportunity to change people's lives for
0FiRGL9eL54-00177-00042186-00042268 the better
0FiRGL9eL54-00178-00042269-00042473 and those of us on this side of the
0FiRGL9eL54-00179-00042474-00042646 chamber understand that good government
0FiRGL9eL54-00180-00042647-00042767 can do this
0FiRGL9eL54-00181-00042768-00043030 good government can keep us safe
0FiRGL9eL54-00182-00043031-00043258 your government can provide help to
0FiRGL9eL54-00183-00043259-00043517 those who need it support when times get
0FiRGL9eL54-00184-00043518-00043661 tough
0FiRGL9eL54-00185-00043662-00043871 and importantly good government can open
0FiRGL9eL54-00186-00043872-00044140 the doors of opportunity and if you
0FiRGL9eL54-00187-00044141-00044327 listen to the remarkable first speeches
0FiRGL9eL54-00188-00044328-00044458 that we've been hearing in the house
0FiRGL9eL54-00189-00044459-00044758 from such a diverse fantastic group of
0FiRGL9eL54-00190-00044759-00045058 new labor MPS and look forward to to our
0FiRGL9eL54-00191-00045059-00045329 new Senators as well you hear the
0FiRGL9eL54-00192-00045330-00045623 stories of the extent to which labor
0FiRGL9eL54-00193-00045624-00045796 governments have changed people's lives
0FiRGL9eL54-00194-00045797-00045935 for the better have enabled
0FiRGL9eL54-00195-00045936-00046333 opportunities to be opened to people
0FiRGL9eL54-00196-00046334-00046679 for for their betterment
0FiRGL9eL54-00197-00046680-00046840 you see Good Government Can enable
0FiRGL9eL54-00198-00046841-00047140 aspiration it can enable people to
0FiRGL9eL54-00199-00047141-00047362 achieve their dreams
0FiRGL9eL54-00200-00047363-00047573 so nine weeks ago Australians did vote
0FiRGL9eL54-00201-00047574-00047771 for good government they voted for a
0FiRGL9eL54-00202-00047772-00048023 better future
0FiRGL9eL54-00203-00048024-00048262 Labs come to office at a time of great
0FiRGL9eL54-00204-00048263-00048407 uncertainty
0FiRGL9eL54-00205-00048408-00048617 we've got some you know inheritance from
0FiRGL9eL54-00206-00048618-00048796 the other side they might not like to
0FiRGL9eL54-00207-00048797-00048952 hear it but it includes a trillion
0FiRGL9eL54-00208-00048953-00049133 dollars of debt from a government that
0FiRGL9eL54-00209-00049134-00049402 wasted 10 years it includes rising cost
0FiRGL9eL54-00210-00049403-00049708 of living it includes low wages growth
0FiRGL9eL54-00211-00049709-00049985 low wages clothes it includes climate
0FiRGL9eL54-00212-00049986-00050236 change and its developed developed a
0FiRGL9eL54-00213-00050237-00050458 devastating impact it's devastating
0FiRGL9eL54-00214-00050459-00050735 impact uh which they're still having a
0FiRGL9eL54-00215-00050736-00050902 fight about thank you Senator Wong your
0FiRGL9eL54-00216-00050903-00051112 time has expired Senator Walsh first
0FiRGL9eL54-00217-00051113-00051232 supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00218-00051233-00051454 how is the Albanese government planning
0FiRGL9eL54-00219-00051455-00051713 for the future
0FiRGL9eL54-00220-00051714-00051857 Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00221-00051858-00052258 well thank you uh president well Labor's
0FiRGL9eL54-00222-00052259-00052450 not wasted a day in securing a better
0FiRGL9eL54-00223-00052451-00052565 future
0FiRGL9eL54-00224-00052566-00052835 uh we've all and one of the reasons one
0FiRGL9eL54-00225-00052836-00052973 of the one of the things that is
0FiRGL9eL54-00226-00052974-00053194 critical to a better future is of course
0FiRGL9eL54-00227-00053195-00053387 to deal with climate change and I know
0FiRGL9eL54-00228-00053388-00053644 those opposite are still whirling around
0FiRGL9eL54-00229-00053645-00053854 in their division on this issue despite
0FiRGL9eL54-00230-00053855-00054197 losing so many seats so many seats no no
0FiRGL9eL54-00231-00054198-00054394 they're not that well you lost seats to
0FiRGL9eL54-00232-00054395-00054671 the teals uh you know you lost seeds to
0FiRGL9eL54-00233-00054672-00054971 the teals you lost you lost seeds to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00234-00054972-00055223 teals because the center of a mainstream
0FiRGL9eL54-00235-00055224-00055519 Australia mainstream Australia
0FiRGL9eL54-00236-00055520-00055804 mainstream Australia one actual climate
0FiRGL9eL54-00237-00055805-00056041 change now we have already updated
0FiRGL9eL54-00238-00056041-00056369 formally updated Australia's nationally
0FiRGL9eL54-00239-00056370-00056632 determined contribution under the Paris
0FiRGL9eL54-00240-00056633-00056891 agreement a 43 reduction in emissions
0FiRGL9eL54-00241-00056891-00057076 and we're introducing legislation to
0FiRGL9eL54-00242-00057077-00057275 make it law and I'd say this to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00243-00057276-00057503 opposition and to it it's not just the
0FiRGL9eL54-00244-00057504-00057676 right thing to do for our climate it's
0FiRGL9eL54-00245-00057677-00057869 an economic opportunity and Australians
0FiRGL9eL54-00246-00057870-00058061 understand that thank you Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00247-00058062-00058235 Senator Walsh your second supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00248-00058236-00058469 uh thank you president how is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00249-00058470-00058666 Albanese government making sure that
0FiRGL9eL54-00250-00058667-00058925 nobody is held back and nobody is Left
0FiRGL9eL54-00251-00058926-00059063 Behind
0FiRGL9eL54-00252-00059064-00059316 Senator Wong thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00253-00059317-00059585 hello the ones like the labor got have
0FiRGL9eL54-00254-00059586-00059765 an easy labor government wants to make
0FiRGL9eL54-00255-00059766-00060059 sure Australians get the opportunities
0FiRGL9eL54-00256-00060060-00060353 they deserve we want to make sure
0FiRGL9eL54-00257-00060354-00060550 Australians get the opportunities that
0FiRGL9eL54-00258-00060551-00060779 they deserve we want to bring people
0FiRGL9eL54-00259-00060779-00061032 together we want to unite Australia
0FiRGL9eL54-00260-00061033-00061276 we've announced the jobs and skills
0FiRGL9eL54-00261-00061277-00061475 Summit and today we're introducing a
0FiRGL9eL54-00262-00061476-00061630 bill to create jobs and schools
0FiRGL9eL54-00263-00061632-00061847 Australia because we want to make sure
0FiRGL9eL54-00264-00061848-00062080 Australians can get the skills employers
0FiRGL9eL54-00265-00062082-00062363 want and good governments can also make
0FiRGL9eL54-00266-00062364-00062500 sure that the most vulnerable
0FiRGL9eL54-00267-00062501-00062861 Australians are not left behind we know
0FiRGL9eL54-00268-00062862-00063088 that those in aged care
0FiRGL9eL54-00269-00063089-00063311 we know that those in aged care and
0FiRGL9eL54-00270-00063312-00063461 those opposite really should hang their
0FiRGL9eL54-00271-00063462-00063653 heads in shame about how this was dealt
0FiRGL9eL54-00272-00063654-00063965 with covert took a devastating toll on
0FiRGL9eL54-00273-00063966-00064121 Australians and aged care and their
0FiRGL9eL54-00274-00064122-00064361 families and we know that aged care was
0FiRGL9eL54-00275-00064362-00064553 in crisis well before the pandemic
0FiRGL9eL54-00276-00064554-00064715 struck I'm unsurprised that the
0FiRGL9eL54-00277-00064716-00064942 interjections have stopped because it
0FiRGL9eL54-00278-00064944-00065200 was a decade of neglect under those
0FiRGL9eL54-00279-00065201-00065491 opposite we are beginning the world
0FiRGL9eL54-00280-00065491-00065794 Senator McKenzie thank you very much
0FiRGL9eL54-00281-00065795-00066017 Madam president my question is to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00282-00066018-00066191 minister for agriculture Fisheries
0FiRGL9eL54-00283-00066192-00066473 forestry Senator Watt how many
0FiRGL9eL54-00284-00066474-00066611 passengers have passed through
0FiRGL9eL54-00285-00066612-00066803 Australian international airports from
0FiRGL9eL54-00286-00066804-00066988 Indonesia since the foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-00287-00066989-00067253 outbreak was reported in Bali on the 5th
0FiRGL9eL54-00288-00067254-00067576 of July 2022. thank you Senator McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00289-00067577-00067703 Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00290-00067704-00067991 uh thank you uh president again I'm very
0FiRGL9eL54-00291-00067992-00068225 happy to provide the exact number uh to
0FiRGL9eL54-00292-00068226-00068651 the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00293-00068652-00069503 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-00294-00069504-00069856 order wow
0FiRGL9eL54-00295-00069857-00070187 Senator watt Senator Watts we gave you a
0FiRGL9eL54-00296-00070188-00070403 seat please
0FiRGL9eL54-00297-00070404-00070619 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00298-00070620-00070805 thank you Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00299-00070806-00071111 please continue I know it hurts I know
0FiRGL9eL54-00300-00071112-00071255 it hurts being over there and I know
0FiRGL9eL54-00301-00071256-00071519 it's going to hurt for a long time what
0FiRGL9eL54-00302-00071520-00071765 what hurts you know no
0FiRGL9eL54-00303-00071766-00072161 no senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00304-00072162-00072365 please allow the Senate that minister to
0FiRGL9eL54-00305-00072366-00072593 answer the question Senator what what
0FiRGL9eL54-00306-00072594-00072844 hurts our agriculture industry more
0FiRGL9eL54-00307-00072845-00073205 president art is the hysteria that we
0FiRGL9eL54-00308-00073206-00073367 continue to see on to play from the
0FiRGL9eL54-00309-00073368-00073600 opposition in relation to this very
0FiRGL9eL54-00310-00073601-00073811 important issue Senator please resume
0FiRGL9eL54-00311-00073812-00074032 your seat Senator Birmingham thanks
0FiRGL9eL54-00312-00074033-00074243 thanks president there was only one
0FiRGL9eL54-00313-00074244-00074375 question asked that was how many
0FiRGL9eL54-00314-00074376-00074476 passengers have passed through
0FiRGL9eL54-00315-00074477-00074650 Australian international airports since
0FiRGL9eL54-00316-00074651-00074891 Indonesia's in from Indonesia since the
0FiRGL9eL54-00317-00074892-00075065 foot and mouth outbreak was reported in
0FiRGL9eL54-00318-00075066-00075305 Bali Senator watt has taken that on
0FiRGL9eL54-00319-00075306-00075700 notice already president uh there uh it
0FiRGL9eL54-00320-00075701-00075844 appears now he is moving simply to make
0FiRGL9eL54-00321-00075845-00076019 political points he's addressed the
0FiRGL9eL54-00322-00076020-00076300 question by taking it on notice and
0FiRGL9eL54-00323-00076301-00076450 there's nothing further to add clearly
0FiRGL9eL54-00324-00076451-00076699 thank you Senator Birmingham
0FiRGL9eL54-00325-00076700-00077056 uh order I believe
0FiRGL9eL54-00326-00077057-00077321 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00327-00077322-00077717 Senator Wong well on that point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-00328-00077718-00078023 but I would I would I would observe I
0FiRGL9eL54-00329-00078024-00078226 would observe
0FiRGL9eL54-00330-00078227-00079144 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00331-00079145-00079426 I'm I have called Senator Wong on a
0FiRGL9eL54-00332-00079427-00079649 point of order I'm asking Senators to be
0FiRGL9eL54-00333-00079650-00079841 silent Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00334-00079842-00080129 uh thank you uh president
0FiRGL9eL54-00335-00080130-00080381 um I think uh what there is precedent
0FiRGL9eL54-00336-00080382-00080621 but obviously you can you will take
0FiRGL9eL54-00337-00080622-00080806 advice from the clerk in the previous
0FiRGL9eL54-00338-00080807-00081256 Parliament where even if
0FiRGL9eL54-00339-00081257-00081605 even if a minister has taken on notice
0FiRGL9eL54-00340-00081606-00081803 responding to some of the the substance
0FiRGL9eL54-00341-00081804-00082031 of what was put subsequently he's
0FiRGL9eL54-00342-00082032-00082199 entitled to do that and that was the
0FiRGL9eL54-00343-00082200-00082318 practice under the previous government
0FiRGL9eL54-00344-00082319-00082553 in the previous uh president uh thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00345-00082554-00082756 you Senators Birmingham and Wong I will
0FiRGL9eL54-00346-00082757-00083123 remind Senator what to address his
0FiRGL9eL54-00347-00083124-00083332 remarks to the question he's taken some
0FiRGL9eL54-00348-00083333-00083632 of it on notice but he may be able to
0FiRGL9eL54-00349-00083633-00084186 he may be able to order
0FiRGL9eL54-00350-00084187-00084461 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-00351-00084462-00084779 Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00352-00084780-00084994 do you wish to raise a point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-00353-00084995-00085102 Senator McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00354-00085103-00085271 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-00355-00085272-00085523 okay Senator what please continue thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00356-00085524-00085744 you uh I wanted to check this number to
0FiRGL9eL54-00357-00085745-00085847 make sure I was getting accurate
0FiRGL9eL54-00358-00085848-00086021 information of the chamber and the
0FiRGL9eL54-00359-00086022-00086387 number is 23 600 air Travelers
0FiRGL9eL54-00360-00086388-00086729 22 600 numbers
0FiRGL9eL54-00361-00086730-00087100 please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00362-00087101-00087335 I would ask all Senators if I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-00363-00087336-00087605 directing a senator or Senators to do
0FiRGL9eL54-00364-00087606-00087761 something in particular to please do
0FiRGL9eL54-00365-00087762-00087994 that I was trying to get Senator watt to
0FiRGL9eL54-00366-00087995-00088229 sit down so I could listen to Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00367-00088230-00088553 McKenzie's reason for standing up but I
0FiRGL9eL54-00368-00088554-00088691 wasn't able to do that because there was
0FiRGL9eL54-00369-00088692-00088888 too much noise Senator McKenzie uh thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00370-00088889-00089147 you madam president I wanted to raise a
0FiRGL9eL54-00371-00089148-00089488 point of order and if it isn't a
0FiRGL9eL54-00372-00089489-00089711 technical point of order I'd ask you to
0FiRGL9eL54-00373-00089712-00089993 rule on this Senator watt answered the
0FiRGL9eL54-00374-00089994-00090256 question by taking it on notice he
0FiRGL9eL54-00375-00090257-00090562 therefore ended his answer I would like
0FiRGL9eL54-00376-00090563-00090911 a ruling from you on this
0FiRGL9eL54-00377-00090912-00091265 uh Senator walk please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00378-00091266-00091493 and when there's silence I will answer
0FiRGL9eL54-00379-00091494-00091726 that response
0FiRGL9eL54-00380-00091727-00091949 the question was asked about a specific
0FiRGL9eL54-00381-00091950-00092212 number which as you're correct Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00382-00092213-00092482 watt took on notice but he's now been
0FiRGL9eL54-00383-00092483-00092711 supplied with that and in the same way
0FiRGL9eL54-00384-00092712-00092897 that other ministers would have is now
0FiRGL9eL54-00385-00092898-00093094 informing the Senate of that number
0FiRGL9eL54-00386-00093095-00093371 Senator watt please continue
0FiRGL9eL54-00387-00093372-00093605 thank you president as I say the number
0FiRGL9eL54-00388-00093606-00093850 of passengers arriving by air from
0FiRGL9eL54-00389-00093851-00094271 Indonesia last week was 23 600 of those
0FiRGL9eL54-00390-00094272-00094423 29 21
0FiRGL9eL54-00391-00094424-00094715 948 air Travelers were returning from
0FiRGL9eL54-00392-00094716-00095141 Bali so about 90 odd percent I think one
0FiRGL9eL54-00393-00095142-00095393 of the pleasing aspects of this is that
0FiRGL9eL54-00394-00095394-00095632 the efforts of our biosecurity officers
0FiRGL9eL54-00395-00095633-00095867 over the weekend it's a disappointing
0FiRGL9eL54-00396-00095868-00096112 that the minute that he doesn't want
0FiRGL9eL54-00397-00096113-00096581 Senator McKenzie uh I'm just seeking
0FiRGL9eL54-00398-00096582-00096976 clarification to Madam president he gave
0FiRGL9eL54-00399-00096977-00097241 us last week's barley numbers I asked
0FiRGL9eL54-00400-00097242-00097444 for the passengers from the 5th of July
0FiRGL9eL54-00401-00097445-00097723 once the outbreak in Bali was actually
0FiRGL9eL54-00402-00097724-00098003 notified to Australia so is he going to
0FiRGL9eL54-00403-00098004-00098182 take on notice the parts he couldn't
0FiRGL9eL54-00404-00098183-00098579 answer or is that his answer um Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00405-00098580-00098843 what was I think answering the question
0FiRGL9eL54-00406-00098844-00099023 I don't think it got to the end of it
0FiRGL9eL54-00407-00099024-00099187 but I'll entertain
0FiRGL9eL54-00408-00099188-00099473 so let's get him to the end of it and
0FiRGL9eL54-00409-00099474-00099718 see where we end up
0FiRGL9eL54-00410-00099719-00099959 Senator McGraw I would ask the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00411-00099960-00100085 of the table the document that he's
0FiRGL9eL54-00412-00100086-00100253 clearly reading from
0FiRGL9eL54-00413-00100254-00100468 will you table it
0FiRGL9eL54-00414-00100469-00100667 and could he table his phone also please
0FiRGL9eL54-00415-00100668-00100906 thank you Senator McGrath Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00416-00100907-00101123 please continue well it's disappointing
0FiRGL9eL54-00417-00101124-00101315 that Senators want to ridicule such a
0FiRGL9eL54-00418-00101316-00101656 serious matter they they they
0FiRGL9eL54-00419-00101657-00102061 the number of passengers
0FiRGL9eL54-00420-00102062-00102577 trying to help you information
0FiRGL9eL54-00421-00102578-00102827 I am asking for the minister to table
0FiRGL9eL54-00422-00102828-00103030 the document and the ministers agreed to
0FiRGL9eL54-00423-00103031-00103168 table has the minister agreed to table
0FiRGL9eL54-00424-00103169-00103306 the document I didn't hear the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00425-00103307-00103589 say uh can you table the document
0FiRGL9eL54-00426-00103590-00103915 Senators order
0FiRGL9eL54-00427-00103916-00104260 Senator McGrath Senator McGrath
0FiRGL9eL54-00428-00104261-00104573 please resume your seat Senator McGrath
0FiRGL9eL54-00429-00104574-00104873 I've asked you to sit down thank you I
0FiRGL9eL54-00430-00104874-00105065 understood and I will clarify Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00431-00105066-00105371 watt has agreed to table the document
0FiRGL9eL54-00432-00105372-00105731 Senator what please uh resume answering
0FiRGL9eL54-00433-00105732-00105899 the question I'll take the request on
0FiRGL9eL54-00434-00105900-00106307 notice but turning to that so to if if
0FiRGL9eL54-00435-00106308-00106510 Senator McKenzie would like the
0FiRGL9eL54-00436-00106511-00106636 information that she's asked for I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-00437-00106638-00106758 happy to provide it
0FiRGL9eL54-00438-00106759-00107128 uh the week commencing the 4th of July
0FiRGL9eL54-00439-00107129-00107428 this year twenty four thousand sorry
0FiRGL9eL54-00440-00107429-00107584 twenty thousand four hundred and four
0FiRGL9eL54-00441-00107585-00107807 passengers returned or entered Australia
0FiRGL9eL54-00442-00107808-00108113 from Indonesia 92.7 of which percent of
0FiRGL9eL54-00443-00108114-00108419 which were from Bali 23 600 the
0FiRGL9eL54-00444-00108420-00108604 following week the week commencing the
0FiRGL9eL54-00445-00108605-00108833 11th of July and the most updated
0FiRGL9eL54-00446-00108833-00109054 figures that I have uh are the ones that
0FiRGL9eL54-00447-00109055-00109331 I've already given uh the pleasing thing
0FiRGL9eL54-00448-00109332-00109571 about the the numbers when you dig into
0FiRGL9eL54-00449-00109572-00109745 them further is that we are seeing an
0FiRGL9eL54-00450-00109746-00109871 increased level of compliance from
0FiRGL9eL54-00451-00109872-00110045 passengers which shows that they are
0FiRGL9eL54-00452-00110046-00110221 listening to the accurate
0FiRGL9eL54-00453-00110222-00110447 non-alarmist information that is being
0FiRGL9eL54-00454-00110448-00110663 put out by this government as opposed to
0FiRGL9eL54-00455-00110664-00110807 the alarmist rhetoric coming from the
0FiRGL9eL54-00456-00110808-00110999 opposition which is rejected roundly by
0FiRGL9eL54-00457-00111000-00111202 industry thank you Senator what uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00458-00111203-00111365 Senator McKenzie first supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00459-00111366-00111640 thank you madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-00460-00111641-00111928 of how many of these passengers that
0FiRGL9eL54-00461-00111929-00112036 have passed through Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-00462-00112038-00112199 international airports from Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-00463-00112200-00112552 have been treated with disinfected foot
0FiRGL9eL54-00464-00112553-00112775 mats on arrival
0FiRGL9eL54-00465-00112776-00112954 thank you Senator McKenzie Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00466-00112955-00113315 well as I if I assume that Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00467-00113316-00113566 McKenzie has been following this and if
0FiRGL9eL54-00468-00113567-00113813 she has she would know that the
0FiRGL9eL54-00469-00113814-00113986 sanitized foot mats started being
0FiRGL9eL54-00470-00113988-00114263 installed in international airports on
0FiRGL9eL54-00471-00114264-00114466 Monday this week and that was completed
0FiRGL9eL54-00472-00114467-00114671 yesterday I might point out by the way
0FiRGL9eL54-00473-00114672-00114893 that this is the first time in our
0FiRGL9eL54-00474-00114894-00115151 history that we have seen sanitized foot
0FiRGL9eL54-00475-00115152-00115384 mats put across every International
0FiRGL9eL54-00476-00115385-00115666 Airport in the country we never saw the
0FiRGL9eL54-00477-00115667-00115840 former government do this in any
0FiRGL9eL54-00478-00115841-00116002 airports when there were outbreaks in
0FiRGL9eL54-00479-00116003-00116302 Vietnam in China and Indonesia in
0FiRGL9eL54-00480-00116303-00116573 Malaysia in South Africa and every other
0FiRGL9eL54-00481-00116574-00116807 country in your seat send it to
0FiRGL9eL54-00482-00116808-00117010 Mackenzie uh my point of order is on
0FiRGL9eL54-00483-00117011-00117251 relevance I was very clear in my
0FiRGL9eL54-00484-00117252-00117508 question now that he's found the numbers
0FiRGL9eL54-00485-00117509-00117736 of how many passengers from the 5th of
0FiRGL9eL54-00486-00117738-00117875 July and I'd also like to thank his
0FiRGL9eL54-00487-00117876-00118139 staff for that how many have actually of
0FiRGL9eL54-00488-00118140-00118354 those tens of thousands of passengers
0FiRGL9eL54-00489-00118355-00118643 returning from Bali have actually been
0FiRGL9eL54-00490-00118644-00118865 treated to this not if the mats are
0FiRGL9eL54-00491-00118866-00119110 rolled out or not how many passengers
0FiRGL9eL54-00492-00119111-00119327 have actually gone through appropriate
0FiRGL9eL54-00493-00119328-00119543 biosecurity measures on our borders
0FiRGL9eL54-00494-00119544-00119728 thank you Senator McKenzie I'll allow
0FiRGL9eL54-00495-00119729-00119902 our Senator watt to continue to answer
0FiRGL9eL54-00496-00119903-00120083 your question thanks president uh it is
0FiRGL9eL54-00497-00120083-00120251 unfortunate that Senator McKenzie didn't
0FiRGL9eL54-00498-00120252-00120419 stay for the entire briefing that I just
0FiRGL9eL54-00499-00120420-00120683 provided to all MPS if she had done that
0FiRGL9eL54-00500-00120683-00120827 she would have heard one of our
0FiRGL9eL54-00501-00120828-00120995 biosecurity officials say that the
0FiRGL9eL54-00502-00120996-00121193 answer was a hundred percent a hundred
0FiRGL9eL54-00503-00121194-00121402 percent of passengers have been walking
0FiRGL9eL54-00504-00121403-00121684 through standardized foot mats they they
0FiRGL9eL54-00505-00121685-00121966 that well Senator watt please resume
0FiRGL9eL54-00506-00121967-00122158 your seat Senator McKenzie I I thought
0FiRGL9eL54-00507-00122159-00122333 the questions were very clear simple one
0FiRGL9eL54-00508-00122333-00122614 assessment sentence a piece uh the
0FiRGL9eL54-00509-00122615-00122878 question moment relevance yes Madam and
0FiRGL9eL54-00510-00122879-00123052 I've answered that Senator McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00511-00123053-00123634 please resume your seat Senator Wong uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00512-00123635-00124313 well I have uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00513-00124314-00124654 at Senator Wong please Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00514-00124655-00124984 please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00515-00124985-00125308 Senator McKenzie I I understood that you
0FiRGL9eL54-00516-00125309-00125554 took a point of order on relevance thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00517-00125555-00125927 you we will allow
0FiRGL9eL54-00518-00125928-00126178 no I've taken your point of order please
0FiRGL9eL54-00519-00126179-00126449 resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00520-00126450-00126773 Senator McKenzie Senator McKenzie I've
0FiRGL9eL54-00521-00126774-00127025 asked you to resume your seat Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00522-00127026-00127277 what uh the the
0FiRGL9eL54-00523-00127278-00127499 um question was how many passengers if
0FiRGL9eL54-00524-00127500-00127733 you could continue well thank you I've
0FiRGL9eL54-00525-00127733-00127975 answered the question 100 have done so
0FiRGL9eL54-00526-00127976-00128213 uh and I might point out when this
0FiRGL9eL54-00527-00128214-00128386 outbreak got to Indonesia the former
0FiRGL9eL54-00528-00128388-00128602 government put down no sanitized but it
0FiRGL9eL54-00529-00128603-00128945 had no passengers absolutely
0FiRGL9eL54-00530-00128946-00129202 Senator Watts
0FiRGL9eL54-00531-00129203-00129875 thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00532-00129876-00130228 all right Senators before I call Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00533-00130229-00130469 McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00534-00130470-00130781 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00535-00130782-00131087 or Senator McGrath
0FiRGL9eL54-00536-00131088-00131297 I will point out that the level of
0FiRGL9eL54-00537-00131298-00131578 interjection is disorderly
0FiRGL9eL54-00538-00131579-00131807 and I would ask you to respect the
0FiRGL9eL54-00539-00131808-00132040 person answering asking the question and
0FiRGL9eL54-00540-00132041-00132269 answering Senator McKenzie your second
0FiRGL9eL54-00541-00132270-00132527 supplementary thank you madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-00542-00132528-00132785 in the 48 Hours following the
0FiRGL9eL54-00543-00132786-00132977 establishment of the biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00544-00132978-00133325 response zones on the 12 midnight Friday
0FiRGL9eL54-00545-00133326-00133727 the 22nd of July how many foot mats were
0FiRGL9eL54-00546-00133728-00133913 actually operational in Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-00547-00133914-00134087 international airports for passengers
0FiRGL9eL54-00548-00134088-00134278 inbound from Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-00549-00134279-00134495 thank you Senator McKenzie Senator watt
0FiRGL9eL54-00550-00134496-00134831 well I've as I answered in my previous
0FiRGL9eL54-00551-00134832-00135095 answer
0FiRGL9eL54-00552-00135096-00135383 the foot mats were rolled out and
0FiRGL9eL54-00553-00135384-00135581 installed in every International Airport
0FiRGL9eL54-00554-00135582-00135833 in Australia on Monday and Tuesday this
0FiRGL9eL54-00555-00135834-00136271 week again I point out that that is that
0FiRGL9eL54-00556-00136272-00136633 compares to zero sanitized foot mats
0FiRGL9eL54-00557-00136634-00136847 when there were outbreaks in every
0FiRGL9eL54-00558-00136848-00137033 number of countries
0FiRGL9eL54-00559-00137034-00137164 to what
0FiRGL9eL54-00560-00137165-00137351 I don't want to have to call you five
0FiRGL9eL54-00561-00137352-00137561 times before you respond Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00562-00137562-00137740 McKenzie is on her feet on a point of
0FiRGL9eL54-00563-00137741-00137945 order I expect you to sit down thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00564-00137946-00138178 Senator McKenzie thank you madam
0FiRGL9eL54-00565-00138179-00138437 president my point of order is on
0FiRGL9eL54-00566-00138438-00138809 relevance I was going to when the buyer
0FiRGL9eL54-00567-00138810-00139037 security response zones were actually
0FiRGL9eL54-00568-00139038-00139240 established at 12 midnight on Friday the
0FiRGL9eL54-00569-00139241-00139528 22nd of July how many foot mats were
0FiRGL9eL54-00570-00139529-00139709 actually operational
0FiRGL9eL54-00571-00139710-00140069 thank you Senator McKenzie I will draw
0FiRGL9eL54-00572-00140070-00140375 Senator watt back to the question
0FiRGL9eL54-00573-00140376-00140531 and
0FiRGL9eL54-00574-00140532-00140783 I now have Senator Wong on the point of
0FiRGL9eL54-00575-00140784-00141299 order sorry
0FiRGL9eL54-00576-00141300-00141790 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00577-00141791-00142751 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-00578-00142752-00143213 Senator what did you wish to pursue
0FiRGL9eL54-00579-00143214-00143597 as I understand that Senator McGrath
0FiRGL9eL54-00580-00143598-00143771 that's not that's right I will ask you
0FiRGL9eL54-00581-00143772-00144161 on the point of order and I just on on
0FiRGL9eL54-00582-00144162-00144293 the point of order as I understand
0FiRGL9eL54-00583-00144294-00144490 Senator McKenzie made a point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-00584-00144491-00144766 I'd make this point a point of order is
0FiRGL9eL54-00585-00144767-00145078 not a debating Point Senator McKenzie is
0FiRGL9eL54-00586-00145079-00145228 at the moment
0FiRGL9eL54-00587-00145229-00145416 yeah well you know
0FiRGL9eL54-00588-00145417-00145733 that's life that's life
0FiRGL9eL54-00589-00145734-00145985 uh we we have our roles in this
0FiRGL9eL54-00590-00145986-00146195 democracy don't we and we all understand
0FiRGL9eL54-00591-00146196-00146351 them said
0FiRGL9eL54-00592-00146352-00146704 Senator McKenzie
0FiRGL9eL54-00593-00146705-00146926 order would you like to take a point of
0FiRGL9eL54-00594-00146927-00147113 order then maybe I can have mine thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00595-00147114-00147352 you I'd appreciate that thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00596-00147353-00147599 um uh Senator McKenzie is engaging in
0FiRGL9eL54-00597-00147600-00147773 debating points now she's entitled to
0FiRGL9eL54-00598-00147774-00147964 those points There's an opportunity for
0FiRGL9eL54-00599-00147965-00148252 her after this to do so but it is not it
0FiRGL9eL54-00600-00148253-00148409 is not really it is not a point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-00601-00148410-00148697 on relevance to tell the minister that
0FiRGL9eL54-00602-00148698-00148859 because he's given a different date to
0FiRGL9eL54-00603-00148860-00149081 the one she's identified in response to
0FiRGL9eL54-00604-00149082-00149219 the answer that that somehow is not
0FiRGL9eL54-00605-00149220-00149357 relevant
0FiRGL9eL54-00606-00149358-00149657 thank you Senator Wong Senator watt you
0FiRGL9eL54-00607-00149658-00149902 have 40 seconds remaining thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00608-00149903-00150101 president uh I don't know if I can be
0FiRGL9eL54-00609-00150102-00150287 any more clear as to when the mats were
0FiRGL9eL54-00610-00150288-00150526 put down uh but I think that I thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00611-00150527-00150754 Senator McKenzie for bringing to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00612-00150755-00150935 attention of the chamber one of the
0FiRGL9eL54-00613-00150936-00151151 other one of the other pioneering
0FiRGL9eL54-00614-00151152-00151313 measures put in place by this government
0FiRGL9eL54-00615-00151314-00151504 which has never been done by any other
0FiRGL9eL54-00616-00151505-00151661 government in this country including the
0FiRGL9eL54-00617-00151662-00151804 former government and that is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00618-00151805-00151990 establishment of biosecurity response
0FiRGL9eL54-00619-00151991-00152219 zones in our international airports I
0FiRGL9eL54-00620-00152220-00152423 have repeatedly said that the response
0FiRGL9eL54-00621-00152424-00152543 of this government has been the
0FiRGL9eL54-00622-00152544-00152716 strongest biosecurity response we've
0FiRGL9eL54-00623-00152717-00152933 ever seen please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00624-00152934-00153161 Senator McKenzie the Fire Security
0FiRGL9eL54-00625-00153162-00153451 response Zone was established
0FiRGL9eL54-00626-00153452-00154007 in place in your seat resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00627-00154008-00154264 if you are calling a point of order you
0FiRGL9eL54-00628-00154265-00154439 need to be immediate immediately
0FiRGL9eL54-00629-00154440-00154702 relevant to that point not to debate it
0FiRGL9eL54-00630-00154703-00155128 so is there a point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-00631-00155129-00155321 thank you Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00632-00155322-00155490 so as I say
0FiRGL9eL54-00633-00155491-00155747 this government is doing more than any
0FiRGL9eL54-00634-00155748-00155939 government has ever done about any foot
0FiRGL9eL54-00635-00155940-00156089 and mouth-back outbreak across the
0FiRGL9eL54-00636-00156090-00156376 country sanitize foot mats biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00637-00156377-00156799 response bones more biosecurity officers
0FiRGL9eL54-00638-00156800-00157109 thank you order
0FiRGL9eL54-00639-00157110-00157463 Senator Waters
0FiRGL9eL54-00640-00157464-00157673 thanks very much president my question
0FiRGL9eL54-00641-00157674-00157828 is to the leader of the government
0FiRGL9eL54-00642-00157829-00158039 representing the minister for climate
0FiRGL9eL54-00643-00158040-00158231 change and energy the International
0FiRGL9eL54-00644-00158232-00158561 Energy agency has said that not one new
0FiRGL9eL54-00645-00158562-00158861 coal or gas project can be opened up if
0FiRGL9eL54-00646-00158862-00159040 we are to stabilize temperatures at one
0FiRGL9eL54-00647-00159041-00159323 and a half degrees or even if we are to
0FiRGL9eL54-00648-00159324-00159461 reach the government's Target of Net
0FiRGL9eL54-00649-00159462-00159731 Zero by 2050 will the government
0FiRGL9eL54-00650-00159732-00159904 continue the Morrison government's
0FiRGL9eL54-00651-00159905-00160204 policy of subsidizing new coal and gas
0FiRGL9eL54-00652-00160205-00160439 projects with public money
0FiRGL9eL54-00653-00160440-00161069 thank you Senator Waters Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00654-00161070-00161369 I apologize I'm a little slow on getting
0FiRGL9eL54-00655-00161370-00161578 the document to the table
0FiRGL9eL54-00656-00161579-00161645 um
0FiRGL9eL54-00657-00161646-00161873 can I start
0FiRGL9eL54-00658-00161874-00162131 no it's my arm and a broken shoulder
0FiRGL9eL54-00659-00162132-00162466 mate all right so how about the joke
0FiRGL9eL54-00660-00162467-00162640 um
0FiRGL9eL54-00661-00162641-00162995 uh can I declare I I do understand that
0FiRGL9eL54-00662-00162996-00163193 in relation to Coal there is a
0FiRGL9eL54-00663-00163194-00163397 difference between the greens political
0FiRGL9eL54-00664-00163398-00163663 party and others in this chamber
0FiRGL9eL54-00665-00163664-00164087 and there is a diff difference between
0FiRGL9eL54-00666-00164088-00164363 a difference between the position the
0FiRGL9eL54-00667-00164364-00164549 greens articulate and the position that
0FiRGL9eL54-00668-00164550-00164645 is adopted by the International
0FiRGL9eL54-00669-00164646-00164981 Community under the UNF Triple C
0FiRGL9eL54-00670-00164982-00165352 where the contribution of Nations uh to
0FiRGL9eL54-00671-00165353-00165547 the the the
0FiRGL9eL54-00672-00165548-00165947 objective of reducing emissions is
0FiRGL9eL54-00673-00165948-00166187 predicated on reducing one's domestic
0FiRGL9eL54-00674-00166188-00166481 emissions now it is the case that under
0FiRGL9eL54-00675-00166482-00166649 though the government that we've seen
0FiRGL9eL54-00676-00166650-00166852 over the last 10 years we saw 20 I think
0FiRGL9eL54-00677-00166853-00167111 was 22 energy policies none were adopted
0FiRGL9eL54-00678-00167112-00167357 because obviously there is a strong view
0FiRGL9eL54-00679-00167358-00167737 within their party room as to
0FiRGL9eL54-00680-00167738-00167963 contesting the issue of climate which we
0FiRGL9eL54-00681-00167964-00168311 still say we still which we still see
0FiRGL9eL54-00682-00168312-00168701 um but the the reality is that the labor
0FiRGL9eL54-00683-00168702-00168875 government was elected with a very clear
0FiRGL9eL54-00684-00168876-00169187 commitment to reduce emissions for
0FiRGL9eL54-00685-00169188-00169595 Australia by 43 by 2030 that is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00686-00169596-00169745 position we are taking
0FiRGL9eL54-00687-00169746-00169985 um I know you have raised this issue of
0FiRGL9eL54-00688-00169986-00170278 moratorium publicly it's been your
0FiRGL9eL54-00689-00170279-00170502 political position for some time
0FiRGL9eL54-00690-00170503-00170849 as I've said Pub
0FiRGL9eL54-00691-00170850-00171190 oh yes and yeah it is
0FiRGL9eL54-00692-00171191-00171371 it is a position that the greens
0FiRGL9eL54-00693-00171372-00171569 political party have been putting for
0FiRGL9eL54-00694-00171570-00171778 some time I understand that is your
0FiRGL9eL54-00695-00171779-00171971 position the position of the government
0FiRGL9eL54-00696-00171972-00172361 is that we will take are taking a far
0FiRGL9eL54-00697-00172362-00172528 more
0FiRGL9eL54-00698-00172529-00172866 oh really order
0FiRGL9eL54-00699-00172867-00173345 I love many things but you know
0FiRGL9eL54-00700-00173346-00173597 um Senator Wong please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-00701-00173598-00173849 Senator Waters
0FiRGL9eL54-00702-00173850-00173975 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00703-00173976-00174233 Senator Waters president um just a point
0FiRGL9eL54-00704-00174234-00174431 of order on relevance the question went
0FiRGL9eL54-00705-00174432-00174688 to whether or not Public Funding of new
0FiRGL9eL54-00706-00174689-00174923 coal and gas mines will continue under
0FiRGL9eL54-00707-00174924-00175175 this government there was also a
0FiRGL9eL54-00708-00175176-00175426 preamble so I think Senator Wong is
0FiRGL9eL54-00709-00175427-00175673 being broadly relevant Senator Wong but
0FiRGL9eL54-00710-00175674-00175847 as I said the government's position on
0FiRGL9eL54-00711-00175848-00176026 on coal mines is that they will be
0FiRGL9eL54-00712-00176027-00176213 assessed in accordance with the with the
0FiRGL9eL54-00713-00176214-00176345 existing law
0FiRGL9eL54-00714-00176346-00176531 Senator water's first supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00715-00176532-00176699 thanks president the burning and
0FiRGL9eL54-00716-00176700-00176878 extracting of coal and gas is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00717-00176879-00177052 biggest cause of the climate crisis
0FiRGL9eL54-00718-00177053-00177323 which threatens all Australians given
0FiRGL9eL54-00719-00177324-00177466 the first responsibility of government
0FiRGL9eL54-00720-00177467-00177761 is to keep its citizens safe why is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00721-00177762-00177943 government supporting opening
0FiRGL9eL54-00722-00177944-00178307 114 new coal and gas projects which will
0FiRGL9eL54-00723-00178308-00178649 Turbo Charge floods and bushfires thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00724-00178650-00178847 you Senator what is Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00725-00178848-00179093 that the government is being consistent
0FiRGL9eL54-00726-00179094-00179266 with the commitments it took to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00727-00179267-00179513 election and the commitments uh that the
0FiRGL9eL54-00728-00179514-00179681 Australian people were well aware of
0FiRGL9eL54-00729-00179682-00179975 when they voted in the election which
0FiRGL9eL54-00730-00179976-00180293 led to the result of an Albanese labor
0FiRGL9eL54-00731-00180294-00180473 government we will reduce Australia's
0FiRGL9eL54-00732-00180474-00180678 emissions by 43
0FiRGL9eL54-00733-00180679-00181049 by 2030 it is an ambitious Target it has
0FiRGL9eL54-00734-00181050-00181290 a range of very positive consequences
0FiRGL9eL54-00735-00181291-00181523 including I think it's in excess of 80
0FiRGL9eL54-00736-00181524-00181835 around 82 percent of our electricity
0FiRGL9eL54-00737-00181836-00182075 grid will be powered by Renewables by
0FiRGL9eL54-00738-00182076-00182404 the same time in relation to those
0FiRGL9eL54-00739-00182405-00182614 projects they will be assessed in
0FiRGL9eL54-00740-00182615-00182801 accordance with the existing
0FiRGL9eL54-00741-00182802-00183011 environmental well with the relevant
0FiRGL9eL54-00742-00183012-00183293 environmental approval Frameworks and
0FiRGL9eL54-00743-00183294-00183490 that is also the position the labor
0FiRGL9eL54-00744-00183491-00183773 government the labor party took to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00745-00183774-00183959 last election I understand this is a
0FiRGL9eL54-00746-00183960-00184163 political campaigning issue for the for
0FiRGL9eL54-00747-00184164-00184552 the greens I saw that no it is uh uh but
0FiRGL9eL54-00748-00184553-00184751 but it is not the position of the
0FiRGL9eL54-00749-00184752-00185047 International Community in terms of time
0FiRGL9eL54-00750-00185048-00185285 Senator Waters second supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00751-00185286-00185501 thank you president will the government
0FiRGL9eL54-00752-00185502-00185723 continue the Morrison government's
0FiRGL9eL54-00753-00185724-00185999 policy of subsidizing new coal and gas
0FiRGL9eL54-00754-00186000-00186340 projects with public money
0FiRGL9eL54-00755-00186341-00186557 Cinder Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-00756-00186558-00186875 thank you uh president uh well uh I I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-00757-00186876-00187109 unclear as to which sub to which
0FiRGL9eL54-00758-00187110-00187235 subsidies
0FiRGL9eL54-00759-00187236-00187709 um Senator Waters is well
0FiRGL9eL54-00760-00187710-00187966 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00761-00187967-00188249 well I'm really tempted to take that
0FiRGL9eL54-00762-00188250-00188519 into intojection but I will not
0FiRGL9eL54-00763-00188520-00188800 um I I'm not sure which of the the sort
0FiRGL9eL54-00764-00188801-00189007 of the sort of
0FiRGL9eL54-00765-00189008-00189445 I'm not sure which uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00766-00189446-00189850 rebate Arrangement or other tax
0FiRGL9eL54-00767-00189851-00190343 Arrangement at the uh leader Senate
0FiRGL9eL54-00768-00190344-00190528 leader of the greens sorry yes that's
0FiRGL9eL54-00769-00190529-00190673 right leader of the greens in the Senate
0FiRGL9eL54-00770-00190674-00190859 is
0FiRGL9eL54-00771-00190860-00191464 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00772-00191465-00191728 Senator Wong please continue thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00773-00191729-00191945 president I'm not sure to which
0FiRGL9eL54-00774-00191946-00192257 um the greens leader is referring to and
0FiRGL9eL54-00775-00192258-00192587 if she wants to indicate to me you know
0FiRGL9eL54-00776-00192588-00192802 a particular rebate that she's asking
0FiRGL9eL54-00777-00192803-00193007 whether the government has a view about
0FiRGL9eL54-00778-00193008-00193354 uh I I will certainly refer that to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00779-00193355-00193566 treasure
0FiRGL9eL54-00780-00193567-00193949 unlikely Senator Sheldon my question is
0FiRGL9eL54-00781-00193950-00194063 to the minister representing the
0FiRGL9eL54-00782-00194064-00194309 treasurer Senator Gallagher can the
0FiRGL9eL54-00783-00194310-00194476 minister update the Senate on the latest
0FiRGL9eL54-00784-00194477-00194999 inflation data that was released today
0FiRGL9eL54-00785-00195000-00195185 sorry Senator Gallagher thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00786-00195186-00195461 president thanks Senator Sheldon uh for
0FiRGL9eL54-00787-00195462-00195616 the question
0FiRGL9eL54-00788-00195617-00195935 um today's ABS release of the Consumer
0FiRGL9eL54-00789-00195936-00196228 Price Index for the June quarter 2022
0FiRGL9eL54-00790-00196229-00196354 has
0FiRGL9eL54-00791-00196355-00196625 um shown that inflation has increased by
0FiRGL9eL54-00792-00196626-00197081 6.1 percent over the past year 1.8 in
0FiRGL9eL54-00793-00197082-00197350 the June quarter and it reinforces the
0FiRGL9eL54-00794-00197351-00197531 difficult cost of living challenge for
0FiRGL9eL54-00795-00197532-00197819 Australian households today's news will
0FiRGL9eL54-00796-00197820-00198035 be very confronting to many many
0FiRGL9eL54-00797-00198036-00198257 households around the country who are
0FiRGL9eL54-00798-00198258-00198550 already feeling the pinch of finding
0FiRGL9eL54-00799-00198551-00198802 extra dollars for the increasing costs
0FiRGL9eL54-00800-00198803-00199102 of living now we've been up front with
0FiRGL9eL54-00801-00199103-00199338 Australians since moving into government
0FiRGL9eL54-00802-00199339-00199661 We inherited a very challenging set of
0FiRGL9eL54-00803-00199662-00199954 economic circumstances Rising inflation
0FiRGL9eL54-00804-00199955-00200254 Rising interest rates low wage growth
0FiRGL9eL54-00805-00200255-00200675 and nine years of failed policy agenda
0FiRGL9eL54-00806-00200676-00200933 in particularly in the area of energy
0FiRGL9eL54-00807-00200934-00201190 but we no doubt through the course of
0FiRGL9eL54-00808-00201191-00201407 question time we'll be able to list many
0FiRGL9eL54-00809-00201408-00201647 more of those failures but this is the
0FiRGL9eL54-00810-00201648-00201911 major economic challenge facing the new
0FiRGL9eL54-00811-00201912-00202133 government it will be challenging for
0FiRGL9eL54-00812-00202134-00202397 households and in the months ahead but
0FiRGL9eL54-00813-00202398-00202769 we are determined working hard every day
0FiRGL9eL54-00814-00202770-00203111 to look at ways to ease pressure on
0FiRGL9eL54-00815-00203112-00203404 households rise ensure that householding
0FiRGL9eL54-00816-00203405-00203764 income incomes can keep up
0FiRGL9eL54-00817-00203765-00204023 with some of those Rising costs today's
0FiRGL9eL54-00818-00204024-00204190 data shows that the most significant
0FiRGL9eL54-00819-00204191-00204407 Rises were in new dwelling purchases by
0FiRGL9eL54-00820-00204408-00204934 owner occupiers 5.6 and in fuel 4.2 and
0FiRGL9eL54-00821-00204935-00205156 furniture at seven percent annual
0FiRGL9eL54-00822-00205157-00205444 trimmed mean inflation increased to 4.9
0FiRGL9eL54-00823-00205446-00205714 percent Australians know inflation is
0FiRGL9eL54-00824-00205715-00205912 high and getting higher they feel it
0FiRGL9eL54-00825-00205913-00206081 every day and they don't need the ABS
0FiRGL9eL54-00826-00206082-00206344 data set to tell them that they see it
0FiRGL9eL54-00827-00206346-00206531 when they are in the supermarket when
0FiRGL9eL54-00828-00206532-00206675 they're filling the car up or when
0FiRGL9eL54-00829-00206676-00206890 they're paying their bills the difficult
0FiRGL9eL54-00830-00206891-00207244 reality is inflation is predicted to get
0FiRGL9eL54-00831-00207246-00207538 worse before your time has expired
0FiRGL9eL54-00832-00207539-00207773 Senator at Sheldon first supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00833-00207773-00208042 thank you thank you I'm president what
0FiRGL9eL54-00834-00208044-00208186 are some of the factors contributing to
0FiRGL9eL54-00835-00208187-00208462 higher inflation in recent months and
0FiRGL9eL54-00836-00208463-00208679 what can be done to tackle inflationary
0FiRGL9eL54-00837-00208680-00208858 pressures
0FiRGL9eL54-00838-00208859-00209056 Senator Gallagher oh thank you president
0FiRGL9eL54-00839-00209057-00209219 and I thank Senator Sheldon for the
0FiRGL9eL54-00840-00209219-00209405 supplementary there are a number of
0FiRGL9eL54-00841-00209406-00209573 factors contributing to higher prices
0FiRGL9eL54-00842-00209573-00209789 and increasing inflation obviously some
0FiRGL9eL54-00843-00209790-00210005 of these are international such as
0FiRGL9eL54-00844-00210006-00210269 Russia's invasion of Ukraine hitting
0FiRGL9eL54-00845-00210269-00210575 grain and oil prices and China's covert
0FiRGL9eL54-00846-00210576-00210748 suppression strategy hitting Supply
0FiRGL9eL54-00847-00210750-00211006 chains which any of us have engaged with
0FiRGL9eL54-00848-00211007-00211271 business or indeed tried to engage
0FiRGL9eL54-00849-00211271-00211577 business in the last year or so
0FiRGL9eL54-00850-00211578-00211858 understand the impact that those effects
0FiRGL9eL54-00851-00211859-00212206 of on the supply chains are having there
0FiRGL9eL54-00852-00212207-00212398 are domestic pressures though as well so
0FiRGL9eL54-00853-00212400-00212692 natural disasters like floods and the
0FiRGL9eL54-00854-00212694-00212927 new covered waves here in Australia all
0FiRGL9eL54-00855-00212928-00213148 of this is having an impact and and
0FiRGL9eL54-00856-00213150-00213334 those are really unavoidable to a
0FiRGL9eL54-00857-00213335-00213521 certain degree but there are other areas
0FiRGL9eL54-00858-00213521-00213779 I think where nine years of policy
0FiRGL9eL54-00859-00213780-00214013 failure from the previous government has
0FiRGL9eL54-00860-00214014-00214415 left us exposed has left us exposed I'll
0FiRGL9eL54-00861-00214416-00214696 give you three before I sit down energy
0FiRGL9eL54-00862-00214698-00214853 energy
0FiRGL9eL54-00863-00214854-00215321 skills and suppressing wages
0FiRGL9eL54-00864-00215321-00215542 Senator Sheldon second supplementary
0FiRGL9eL54-00865-00215544-00215806 thank you can the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-00866-00215807-00216005 can the minister outline what the
0FiRGL9eL54-00867-00216006-00216160 government is doing to help ease the
0FiRGL9eL54-00868-00216161-00216329 cost of living pressures for Australians
0FiRGL9eL54-00869-00216330-00216671 Senator Gallagher thank you thank you I
0FiRGL9eL54-00870-00216671-00216815 know I know you're all going to listen
0FiRGL9eL54-00871-00216816-00217091 in absolute silence
0FiRGL9eL54-00872-00217092-00217306 Australians know that high and Rising
0FiRGL9eL54-00873-00217307-00217541 inflation has been made worse by the
0FiRGL9eL54-00874-00217542-00217787 decade of wasted opportunity and bad
0FiRGL9eL54-00875-00217788-00218003 government from those sitting over there
0FiRGL9eL54-00876-00218004-00218332 the Albanese government's economic plan
0FiRGL9eL54-00877-00218333-00218639 is a direct response to the economic
0FiRGL9eL54-00878-00218640-00218969 problems left to us high in Rising
0FiRGL9eL54-00879-00218969-00219198 inflation
0FiRGL9eL54-00880-00219200-00219467 I can get louder and louder if they get
0FiRGL9eL54-00881-00219467-00219742 louder and louder
0FiRGL9eL54-00882-00219744-00219994 resume your seat I would ask that
0FiRGL9eL54-00883-00219996-00220306 Senators listen in a much quieter manner
0FiRGL9eL54-00884-00220307-00220517 there is a fair amount of disorderly
0FiRGL9eL54-00885-00220517-00220769 noise in the chamber Senator Gallagher
0FiRGL9eL54-00886-00220769-00220894 thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-00887-00220896-00221051 um thank you president for that
0FiRGL9eL54-00888-00221052-00221284 protection our plan includes cost of
0FiRGL9eL54-00889-00221285-00221477 living relief in the form of Cheaper
0FiRGL9eL54-00890-00221478-00221915 Child Care cheaper medicines our plan on
0FiRGL9eL54-00891-00221916-00222113 cleaner and cheaper energy to put
0FiRGL9eL54-00892-00222114-00222389 downward pressure on power prices this
0FiRGL9eL54-00893-00222390-00222701 really is the most symbolic policy
0FiRGL9eL54-00894-00222702-00222863 failure I think of this government was
0FiRGL9eL54-00895-00222864-00223246 22 failed energy policies and energy
0FiRGL9eL54-00896-00223248-00223565 crisis at the point that the uh the
0FiRGL9eL54-00897-00223566-00223781 government was changed because of your
0FiRGL9eL54-00898-00223782-00224027 failure and households are paid for that
0FiRGL9eL54-00899-00224028-00224248 they've paid for that with Rising costs
0FiRGL9eL54-00900-00224250-00224465 and we want to put downward pressure on
0FiRGL9eL54-00901-00224466-00224632 all of those costs and be honest with
0FiRGL9eL54-00902-00224633-00224806 our thank you Senator Gallagher your
0FiRGL9eL54-00903-00224807-00225017 time has expired Senator Roberts thank
0FiRGL9eL54-00904-00225017-00225203 you madam president before my time
0FiRGL9eL54-00905-00225204-00225389 starts I'd like to seek leave to obtain
0FiRGL9eL54-00906-00225390-00225617 your clarification on a matter
0FiRGL9eL54-00907-00225617-00226067 uh is leave granted
0FiRGL9eL54-00908-00226067-00226391 I I believe ladies granted Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00909-00226392-00226601 Roberts thank you madam president the
0FiRGL9eL54-00910-00226602-00226751 behavior we've seen this afternoon in
0FiRGL9eL54-00911-00226752-00226937 Question Time Shows complete disrespect
0FiRGL9eL54-00912-00226938-00227141 for the people of Australia I've been
0FiRGL9eL54-00913-00227142-00227308 told by both sides of Parliament that
0FiRGL9eL54-00914-00227309-00227531 it's about theatrics we're here as
0FiRGL9eL54-00915-00227532-00227710 representatives of the people not as
0FiRGL9eL54-00916-00227711-00227927 entertainers could you please clarify
0FiRGL9eL54-00917-00227928-00228184 Madam president your expectations as
0FiRGL9eL54-00918-00228185-00228281 president
0FiRGL9eL54-00919-00228282-00228455 and your powers to do something about
0FiRGL9eL54-00920-00228456-00228605 this or do we simply rely on the
0FiRGL9eL54-00921-00228606-00228808 Senator's respect for the people
0FiRGL9eL54-00922-00228809-00229439 thank you Senator Roberts order
0FiRGL9eL54-00923-00229440-00229703 Senators gave Senator Roberts an
0FiRGL9eL54-00924-00229704-00229913 opportunity to seek leave to ask a
0FiRGL9eL54-00925-00229914-00230087 clarification please listen for the
0FiRGL9eL54-00926-00230088-00230321 answer as many other presidents before
0FiRGL9eL54-00927-00230321-00230746 me have uh you know expressed the desire
0FiRGL9eL54-00928-00230748-00231017 for senators to listen in an orderly
0FiRGL9eL54-00929-00231017-00231292 fashion and to not be too rowdy in their
0FiRGL9eL54-00930-00231294-00231556 responses I will continue to do the same
0FiRGL9eL54-00931-00231557-00231821 and I will do my utmost to keep the
0FiRGL9eL54-00932-00231821-00232025 chamber fairly oddly during Question
0FiRGL9eL54-00933-00232026-00232289 Time thank you Senator Roberts and your
0FiRGL9eL54-00934-00232290-00232487 question is my question is to the
0FiRGL9eL54-00935-00232488-00232696 minister for agriculture Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00936-00232698-00232919 thank you for your briefing this this
0FiRGL9eL54-00937-00232919-00233134 afternoon Senator what on foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-00938-00233135-00233369 disease Minister if foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-00939-00233369-00233560 disease does enter Australia the
0FiRGL9eL54-00940-00233561-00233710 short-term response would be to start
0FiRGL9eL54-00941-00233711-00233932 vaccination now food and safety
0FiRGL9eL54-00942-00233933-00234148 Australia and New Zealand says vaccines
0FiRGL9eL54-00943-00234150-00234353 are safe for human consumption so having
0FiRGL9eL54-00944-00234354-00234629 said that Australia owns foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-00945-00234630-00234875 disease vaccines located in the United
0FiRGL9eL54-00946-00234876-00234982 Kingdom
0FiRGL9eL54-00947-00234983-00235192 how many vaccines does Australia own in
0FiRGL9eL54-00948-00235194-00235403 the United Kingdom thank you Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00949-00235404-00235541 Robert Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-00950-00235542-00235715 uh thank you Senator Robertson I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-00951-00235716-00235823 pleased you're able to come along to
0FiRGL9eL54-00952-00235823-00235967 that briefing the feedback I had was
0FiRGL9eL54-00953-00235967-00236087 that it was very informative for the
0FiRGL9eL54-00954-00236088-00236291 members who attended
0FiRGL9eL54-00955-00236292-00236489 um the and we are we are approaching
0FiRGL9eL54-00956-00236490-00236656 this in a bipartisan Manner and we would
0FiRGL9eL54-00957-00236657-00236801 welcome the opposition joining us in
0FiRGL9eL54-00958-00236802-00237106 that as I know you are Senator Roberts
0FiRGL9eL54-00959-00237107-00237382 um just to pick you up on one point the
0FiRGL9eL54-00960-00237383-00237671 if order
0FiRGL9eL54-00961-00237671-00237892 order
0FiRGL9eL54-00962-00237894-00238127 Senator thank you president uh just to
0FiRGL9eL54-00963-00238128-00238456 pick you up on one point uh if God
0FiRGL9eL54-00964-00238457-00238667 forbid foot and mouth disease were to
0FiRGL9eL54-00965-00238667-00238846 enter Australia despite the measures
0FiRGL9eL54-00966-00238848-00239063 that we are putting in place
0FiRGL9eL54-00967-00239064-00239315 um we have a well-developed plan known
0FiRGL9eL54-00968-00239316-00239525 as the Oz vet plan which is prepared
0FiRGL9eL54-00969-00239526-00239705 between the federal government States
0FiRGL9eL54-00970-00239706-00240005 and territories about how we respond to
0FiRGL9eL54-00971-00240006-00240287 biosecurity outbreaks biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00972-00240288-00240563 outbreaks are managed and led by state
0FiRGL9eL54-00973-00240564-00240701 governments with the support of federal
0FiRGL9eL54-00974-00240702-00240953 governments and we've seen that occur in
0FiRGL9eL54-00975-00240954-00241175 relation to the varamaite outbreak
0FiRGL9eL54-00976-00241176-00241330 recently where we've been supporting the
0FiRGL9eL54-00977-00241331-00241534 New South Wales government the point
0FiRGL9eL54-00978-00241535-00241769 about vaccines is that the biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-00979-00241769-00241991 advice that I have received is that we
0FiRGL9eL54-00980-00241992-00242248 would not immediately to vaccinate uh
0FiRGL9eL54-00981-00242250-00242513 all livestock or even a large segment of
0FiRGL9eL54-00982-00242514-00242801 livestock immediately in Australia and
0FiRGL9eL54-00983-00242802-00242939 that's because
0FiRGL9eL54-00984-00242940-00243127 and that's because
0FiRGL9eL54-00985-00243128-00243539 if you vaccinate your livestock
0FiRGL9eL54-00986-00243540-00243701 it's unfortunate that the opposition
0FiRGL9eL54-00987-00243702-00243977 don't want to understand and listen to
0FiRGL9eL54-00988-00243978-00244144 the measures of preparing for the
0FiRGL9eL54-00989-00244146-00244289 outbreak
0FiRGL9eL54-00990-00244290-00244475 the reason you don't detonate Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-00991-00244476-00244763 Roberts is that you are then deemed by
0FiRGL9eL54-00992-00244764-00244930 the rest of the world as having foot and
0FiRGL9eL54-00993-00244931-00245123 mouth disease and that is what then
0FiRGL9eL54-00994-00245123-00245273 prevents the export of our product
0FiRGL9eL54-00995-00245273-00245453 overseas it's effectively the same as
0FiRGL9eL54-00996-00245454-00245584 having the outbreak here when you
0FiRGL9eL54-00997-00245585-00245855 vaccinate the idea would be that you in
0FiRGL9eL54-00998-00245856-00246167 the first instance you would impose a
0FiRGL9eL54-00999-00246167-00246539 72-hour livestock standstill to measure
0FiRGL9eL54-01000-00246540-00246832 to limit the movement of animals and
0FiRGL9eL54-01001-00246833-00247055 only if the outbreak got further would
0FiRGL9eL54-01002-00247056-00247313 you consider vaccines my advice and I'll
0FiRGL9eL54-01003-00247314-00247439 get this checked is that we have
0FiRGL9eL54-01004-00247440-00247606 approximately one million vaccines
0FiRGL9eL54-01005-00247607-00247882 available to us on a stockpile and they
0FiRGL9eL54-01006-00247883-00248051 are available within one week's notice
0FiRGL9eL54-01007-00248052-00248260 thank you Senator what uh Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01008-00248261-00248465 Robert's first supplementary thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-01009-00248466-00248675 madam president Minister we have 25
0FiRGL9eL54-01010-00248676-00248998 million cattle and 2.5 million pigs how
0FiRGL9eL54-01011-00249000-00249298 is one million enough
0FiRGL9eL54-01012-00249300-00249539 Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-01013-00249540-00249730 thank you president well as I say
0FiRGL9eL54-01014-00249731-00250048 senator Roberts the first move should we
0FiRGL9eL54-01015-00250050-00250253 have an outbreak here is not to just run
0FiRGL9eL54-01016-00250254-00250475 out and vaccinate every head of cattle
0FiRGL9eL54-01017-00250476-00250780 every head of sheep pigs or goats across
0FiRGL9eL54-01018-00250781-00250919 the country or buffaloes for that matter
0FiRGL9eL54-01019-00250919-00251153 what we would actually do is to control
0FiRGL9eL54-01020-00251154-00251344 try to control the outbreak in the
0FiRGL9eL54-01021-00251346-00251573 localized area that it is so that it
0FiRGL9eL54-01022-00251573-00251806 didn't spread further afield if it did
0FiRGL9eL54-01023-00251807-00251969 spread further afield that's when we
0FiRGL9eL54-01024-00251969-00252142 would look to vaccinations as an
0FiRGL9eL54-01025-00252144-00252317 alternative it is not the only
0FiRGL9eL54-01026-00252317-00252467 alternative that we would have but it is
0FiRGL9eL54-01027-00252467-00252665 certainly one and we would be able to
0FiRGL9eL54-01028-00252666-00252869 access other vaccines at very short
0FiRGL9eL54-01029-00252869-00253115 notice what we are actually prioritizing
0FiRGL9eL54-01030-00253116-00253306 in relation to the supply of vaccines at
0FiRGL9eL54-01031-00253307-00253469 the moment is providing them to
0FiRGL9eL54-01032-00253469-00253642 Indonesia and the reason we're doing
0FiRGL9eL54-01033-00253644-00253834 that is because if we can bring that
0FiRGL9eL54-01034-00253835-00254063 outbreak under control in Indonesia that
0FiRGL9eL54-01035-00254064-00254206 is not only in their National interest
0FiRGL9eL54-01036-00254207-00254489 it is in our national interest we have
0FiRGL9eL54-01037-00254490-00254627 continued to have very productive
0FiRGL9eL54-01038-00254628-00254753 discussions with the Indonesian
0FiRGL9eL54-01039-00254754-00254939 government about what other vaccines and
0FiRGL9eL54-01040-00254940-00255191 other assistance that we can provide but
0FiRGL9eL54-01041-00255192-00255365 my priority right now is keeping the VAC
0FiRGL9eL54-01042-00255366-00255508 is the keeping the disease out and
0FiRGL9eL54-01043-00255509-00255641 that's why why we want to support the
0FiRGL9eL54-01044-00255642-00255823 vaccine rollout anymore
0FiRGL9eL54-01045-00255823-00256037 Senator Robert second
0FiRGL9eL54-01046-00256038-00256253 thank you madam president why are these
0FiRGL9eL54-01047-00256254-00256456 vaccines not already in Australia we're
0FiRGL9eL54-01048-00256457-00256642 one of the largest cattle and related
0FiRGL9eL54-01049-00256644-00256877 product producers in the world speed of
0FiRGL9eL54-01050-00256878-00257056 response is critical to protecting our
0FiRGL9eL54-01051-00257057-00257260 biosecurity why are these not being
0FiRGL9eL54-01052-00257261-00257548 brought to Australia now as a precaution
0FiRGL9eL54-01053-00257550-00257656 what
0FiRGL9eL54-01054-00257657-00257953 thank you Senator Roberts as I say
0FiRGL9eL54-01055-00257954-00258155 vaccination is not the first measure
0FiRGL9eL54-01056-00258156-00258256 that you would have to take if there was
0FiRGL9eL54-01057-00258257-00258377 an outbreak but there are a couple of
0FiRGL9eL54-01058-00258378-00258521 other reasons for why we haven't got
0FiRGL9eL54-01059-00258521-00258767 those vaccines here now the first of
0FiRGL9eL54-01060-00258767-00258923 which there are sometimes issues about
0FiRGL9eL54-01061-00258923-00259108 the bringing in of live virus into a
0FiRGL9eL54-01062-00259109-00259282 country and the responsible members of
0FiRGL9eL54-01063-00259283-00259577 the opposition understand this in in
0FiRGL9eL54-01064-00259578-00259751 addition though we don't necessarily
0FiRGL9eL54-01065-00259752-00259973 know what strain of the disease we would
0FiRGL9eL54-01066-00259973-00260123 have in Australia and we want to make
0FiRGL9eL54-01067-00260123-00260284 sure that the vaccines that we obtain
0FiRGL9eL54-01068-00260285-00260453 will actually be effective for the
0FiRGL9eL54-01069-00260454-00260632 strain of the of the virus that we would
0FiRGL9eL54-01070-00260633-00260927 get if we were to get it in fact some of
0FiRGL9eL54-01071-00260928-00261071 the technical support that we have
0FiRGL9eL54-01072-00261071-00261329 started providing to Indonesia it was
0FiRGL9eL54-01073-00261330-00261496 actually to help them diagnose the
0FiRGL9eL54-01074-00261498-00261706 strain of virus that they had so that we
0FiRGL9eL54-01075-00261707-00261875 could then go out and procure the
0FiRGL9eL54-01076-00261876-00262006 vaccines that would deal with that
0FiRGL9eL54-01077-00262007-00262163 particular strain there's no point
0FiRGL9eL54-01078-00262164-00262325 sending vaccines to people if they don't
0FiRGL9eL54-01079-00262326-00262463 work for a particular strain of the
0FiRGL9eL54-01080-00262464-00262660 virus and we would need a little bit of
0FiRGL9eL54-01081-00262661-00262853 time to diagnose The Strain that we have
0FiRGL9eL54-01082-00262854-00263069 here in Australia so that we could then
0FiRGL9eL54-01083-00263070-00263387 very quickly obtain the correct vaccines
0FiRGL9eL54-01084-00263388-00263543 to deal with the version of the virus
0FiRGL9eL54-01085-00263544-00263782 that we got and thank you Senator watt
0FiRGL9eL54-01086-00263783-00263903 senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01087-00263904-00264130 Senator cash thank you madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-01088-00264131-00264275 my question is to the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01089-00264276-00264437 representing the minister for employment
0FiRGL9eL54-01090-00264438-00264730 and workplace relations Senator Watt
0FiRGL9eL54-01091-00264731-00264934 at a press conference on the 5th of June
0FiRGL9eL54-01092-00264935-00265132 this year the Prime Minister declared
0FiRGL9eL54-01093-00265133-00265432 this is a government that I lead that
0FiRGL9eL54-01094-00265433-00265684 will be consultative that will work with
0FiRGL9eL54-01095-00265685-00266045 business there's a new show in town
0FiRGL9eL54-01096-00266046-00266255 what consultation did the minister have
0FiRGL9eL54-01097-00266256-00266525 with the construction industry and or
0FiRGL9eL54-01098-00266526-00266675 the Australian building and construction
0FiRGL9eL54-01099-00266676-00267082 commission prior to and in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01100-00267083-00267425 the snap announcement on Sunday the 24th
0FiRGL9eL54-01101-00267426-00267547 of July
0FiRGL9eL54-01102-00267548-00268193 2022 that the abcc in its powers will be
0FiRGL9eL54-01103-00268194-00268558 pulled back to the bare legal minimum as
0FiRGL9eL54-01104-00268559-00268721 of yesterday
0FiRGL9eL54-01105-00268722-00269051 thank you Senator cash Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-01106-00269052-00269399 thank you uh president now I did a fair
0FiRGL9eL54-01107-00269400-00269543 amount of preparation for question time
0FiRGL9eL54-01108-00269544-00269723 and I anticipated the kind of questions
0FiRGL9eL54-01109-00269724-00269939 that I might receive from the opposition
0FiRGL9eL54-01110-00269940-00270203 but never in my wildest dreams did I
0FiRGL9eL54-01111-00270204-00270347 hope that I would get a question from
0FiRGL9eL54-01112-00270348-00270551 Senator cash about lawlessness and the
0FiRGL9eL54-01113-00270552-00270719 rule of law when it comes to Industrial
0FiRGL9eL54-01114-00270720-00271006 relations but there you go there you go
0FiRGL9eL54-01115-00271007-00271301 we've had it now it is well understood
0FiRGL9eL54-01116-00271302-00271529 that this government consulted prior to
0FiRGL9eL54-01117-00271530-00271829 the election about its its uh its policy
0FiRGL9eL54-01118-00271830-00272117 in relation to the abcc what is also
0FiRGL9eL54-01119-00272118-00272369 well understood about the abcc is is
0FiRGL9eL54-01120-00272370-00272603 that it has been an utterly ineffective
0FiRGL9eL54-01121-00272604-00272879 organization please uh resume Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01122-00272880-00272956 cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01123-00272957-00273305 uh thank you madam president I rise on a
0FiRGL9eL54-01124-00273306-00273563 point of order in relation to direct
0FiRGL9eL54-01125-00273564-00273887 relevance the question was quite
0FiRGL9eL54-01126-00273888-00274289 specific it was not in relation to the
0FiRGL9eL54-01127-00274290-00274697 abolition of the abcc it was in relation
0FiRGL9eL54-01128-00274698-00275069 to the announcement on Insiders on
0FiRGL9eL54-01129-00275070-00275405 Sunday the 24th the practice is not to
0FiRGL9eL54-01130-00275406-00275656 repeat the question I've it is a very
0FiRGL9eL54-01131-00275657-00275867 concise question that Madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-01132-00275868-00276221 and the minister is in it no way being
0FiRGL9eL54-01133-00276222-00276629 directly receipt you use the words in
0FiRGL9eL54-01134-00276630-00276832 your initial part of your question as
0FiRGL9eL54-01135-00276833-00277108 consultative with business and then you
0FiRGL9eL54-01136-00277109-00277384 went specifically to the abcc and
0FiRGL9eL54-01137-00277385-00277667 Senator watt is I think presently
0FiRGL9eL54-01138-00277668-00277955 describing the consultative piece so I
0FiRGL9eL54-01139-00277956-00278189 think he is being broadly relevant but I
0FiRGL9eL54-01140-00278190-00278375 shall continue to listen carefully thank
0FiRGL9eL54-01141-00278376-00278615 you Senator Watts thank you uh president
0FiRGL9eL54-01142-00278616-00278837 as I say I don't think that it could
0FiRGL9eL54-01143-00278838-00279017 have come to any surprise so if anyone
0FiRGL9eL54-01144-00279018-00279167 in the building industry or anyone in
0FiRGL9eL54-01145-00279168-00279334 the opposition that this government's
0FiRGL9eL54-01146-00279335-00279653 agenda was to abolish the abcc and why
0FiRGL9eL54-01147-00279654-00279875 is that that is because we have seen a
0FiRGL9eL54-01148-00279876-00280060 gross waste of taxpayers funds
0FiRGL9eL54-01149-00280061-00280313 Prosecuting workers for stickers on
0FiRGL9eL54-01150-00280314-00280517 their helmets and flags on their work
0FiRGL9eL54-01151-00280518-00280793 site this organization has spent nearly
0FiRGL9eL54-01152-00280794-00281015 five hundred thousand dollars pursuing
0FiRGL9eL54-01153-00281016-00281410 Lend Lease Eureka Flags
0FiRGL9eL54-01154-00281411-00281645 through Senator cash thank you madam
0FiRGL9eL54-01155-00281646-00281879 president and again in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01156-00281880-00282179 direct relevance it is very clear that
0FiRGL9eL54-01157-00282180-00282493 the minister is not going anywhere near
0FiRGL9eL54-01158-00282494-00282863 the actual question the question as I
0FiRGL9eL54-01159-00282864-00283145 stated was in relation to a specific
0FiRGL9eL54-01160-00283146-00283565 announcement on a specific day that came
0FiRGL9eL54-01161-00283566-00283865 into effect yesterday in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01162-00283866-00284153 your previous ruling if that is to stand
0FiRGL9eL54-01163-00284154-00284458 I would ask you to review it tonight and
0FiRGL9eL54-01164-00284459-00284687 report back to the chamber Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01165-00284688-00284867 please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01166-00284868-00285029 I can't
0FiRGL9eL54-01167-00285030-00285280 um direct the minister to answer your
0FiRGL9eL54-01168-00285281-00285521 questions I can ensure that the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01169-00285522-00285791 is relevant to the points that you've
0FiRGL9eL54-01170-00285792-00286037 outlined in your question and I believe
0FiRGL9eL54-01171-00286038-00286295 that uh Senator watt is being relevant I
0FiRGL9eL54-01172-00286296-00286499 am listening carefully and if he's not
0FiRGL9eL54-01173-00286500-00286780 being relevant I will draw him back to
0FiRGL9eL54-01174-00286781-00286991 the broad basis of your question which
0FiRGL9eL54-01175-00286992-00287237 went to Consultation business the
0FiRGL9eL54-01176-00287238-00287495 construction industry and the abcc
0FiRGL9eL54-01177-00287496-00287801 senator what thank you president as I
0FiRGL9eL54-01178-00287802-00288029 said at the asset of my answer there was
0FiRGL9eL54-01179-00288030-00288203 wide consultation across the industry
0FiRGL9eL54-01180-00288204-00288419 before the election about the about the
0FiRGL9eL54-01181-00288420-00288732 policy and I understand I understand
0FiRGL9eL54-01182-00288733-00288934 people in Australia to have a government
0FiRGL9eL54-01183-00288935-00289115 that delivers on its election promises
0FiRGL9eL54-01184-00289116-00289619 because order
0FiRGL9eL54-01185-00289620-00289810 order
0FiRGL9eL54-01186-00289811-00290158 you order you are being disorderly
0FiRGL9eL54-01187-00290159-00290404 please allow the minister to continue to
0FiRGL9eL54-01188-00290405-00290603 answer the question Senator what thank
0FiRGL9eL54-01189-00290604-00290782 you Matt thank you president as I say it
0FiRGL9eL54-01190-00290783-00290908 may come as a shock to the people of
0FiRGL9eL54-01191-00290909-00291017 Australia to have a government that
0FiRGL9eL54-01192-00291018-00291191 delivers its election promises because
0FiRGL9eL54-01193-00291192-00291382 of course that stands in great contrast
0FiRGL9eL54-01194-00291383-00291610 to the former government one of whose
0FiRGL9eL54-01195-00291611-00291803 leaders was Senator cash he promised an
0FiRGL9eL54-01196-00291804-00291971 independent independent corruption
0FiRGL9eL54-01197-00291972-00292115 commission and never got around to doing
0FiRGL9eL54-01198-00292116-00292349 it and I like that we are delivering on
0FiRGL9eL54-01199-00292350-00292565 our premises
0FiRGL9eL54-01200-00292566-00292895 Senator Brockman president on Direct
0FiRGL9eL54-01201-00292896-00293104 relevance there have been repeated
0FiRGL9eL54-01202-00293105-00293315 rulings of this place which you know
0FiRGL9eL54-01203-00293316-00293621 very well which say that the minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01204-00293622-00293849 should not use the opportunity to attack
0FiRGL9eL54-01205-00293850-00294227 those opposite that is exactly that is
0FiRGL9eL54-01206-00294228-00295123 exactly what the minister is doing and I
0FiRGL9eL54-01207-00295124-00295387 your state
0FiRGL9eL54-01208-00295388-00295619 thank you please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01209-00295620-00295882 Senator why I would remind you to come
0FiRGL9eL54-01210-00295883-00296099 back to the broad to the question that
0FiRGL9eL54-01211-00296100-00296356 uh Senator cash asked thank you Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01212-00296357-00296651 well thank you president as I say we we
0FiRGL9eL54-01213-00296652-00296867 have widely consulted about our policy
0FiRGL9eL54-01214-00296868-00297029 we went to the election saying that we
0FiRGL9eL54-01215-00297030-00297208 would do the policy we are now
0FiRGL9eL54-01216-00297209-00297460 delivering our policy and as I say I for
0FiRGL9eL54-01217-00297461-00297682 one am shocked that Senator cash of all
0FiRGL9eL54-01218-00297683-00297880 people would come in here ask questions
0FiRGL9eL54-01219-00297881-00298054 about workplace laws and workplace
0FiRGL9eL54-01220-00298055-00298332 lawlessness when she please resume
0FiRGL9eL54-01221-00298333-00298571 standard immigration sorry Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01222-00298572-00298721 please resume you'll see I'll come back
0FiRGL9eL54-01223-00298722-00298889 to you Senator McGrath you are
0FiRGL9eL54-01224-00298890-00299158 constantly interjecting in a very loud
0FiRGL9eL54-01225-00299159-00299279 manner
0FiRGL9eL54-01226-00299280-00299501 to the point that I have to keep sitting
0FiRGL9eL54-01227-00299502-00299813 the minister down I would ask you
0FiRGL9eL54-01228-00299814-00300058 to refrain from doing that Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01229-00300059-00300263 thank you Mr President Madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-01230-00300264-00300454 and again in relation to a point of
0FiRGL9eL54-01231-00300455-00300737 order on Direct relevance again I did
0FiRGL9eL54-01232-00300738-00301006 not ask a question about the labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01233-00301007-00301379 party's decision to abolish the abcc I
0FiRGL9eL54-01234-00301380-00301654 asked a very specific question in
0FiRGL9eL54-01235-00301655-00301987 relation to a very specific decision
0FiRGL9eL54-01236-00301988-00302363 that came into Force yesterday and
0FiRGL9eL54-01237-00302364-00302701 beginning
0FiRGL9eL54-01238-00302702-00302945 thank you madam president in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01239-00302946-00303160 your previous rulings I would ask you to
0FiRGL9eL54-01240-00303161-00303467 reconsider them and
0FiRGL9eL54-01241-00303468-00303869 report back to the Senate tomorrow thank
0FiRGL9eL54-01242-00303870-00304073 you Senator cash I don't intend at this
0FiRGL9eL54-01243-00304074-00304337 point to review my rulings I have asked
0FiRGL9eL54-01244-00304338-00304697 Senator what to be direct your question
0FiRGL9eL54-01245-00304698-00304889 um contain the words consult and
0FiRGL9eL54-01246-00304890-00305141 business and that is what uh Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01247-00305142-00305423 watt was just outlining when I had to
0FiRGL9eL54-01248-00305424-00305597 sit him down because of the disorderly
0FiRGL9eL54-01249-00305598-00305734 nature of the Senate and then I
0FiRGL9eL54-01250-00305735-00305908 entertained your point of order so
0FiRGL9eL54-01251-00305909-00306137 Senator what was being directly relevant
0FiRGL9eL54-01252-00306138-00306329 about the consultation Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-01253-00306330-00306695 thank you president now as I say I'm I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-01254-00306696-00306856 heartened that all of a sudden Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01255-00306857-00306982 cash thinks that consultation is
0FiRGL9eL54-01256-00306983-00307163 important or giving people a heads up is
0FiRGL9eL54-01257-00307164-00307343 important I don't remember her or her
0FiRGL9eL54-01258-00307344-00307571 office getting the awu a heads up before
0FiRGL9eL54-01259-00307572-00307751 they leaked the media right the police
0FiRGL9eL54-01260-00307752-00307943 raid on their offices I don't remember
0FiRGL9eL54-01261-00307944-00308153 them giving the AFP a heads up before
0FiRGL9eL54-01262-00308154-00308380 they leaked their rage the media and put
0FiRGL9eL54-01263-00308381-00308645 them into police officers in danger
0FiRGL9eL54-01264-00308646-00308819 just a moment Senator Brockman please
0FiRGL9eL54-01265-00308820-00309095 resume your seat Senator McGrath I have
0FiRGL9eL54-01266-00309096-00309371 specifically called you out for being
0FiRGL9eL54-01267-00309372-00309593 disorderly and you've completely ignored
0FiRGL9eL54-01268-00309594-00309845 me and continued to be disorderly I
0FiRGL9eL54-01269-00309846-00310108 would ask you to respect my ruling when
0FiRGL9eL54-01270-00310109-00310458 I ask you to just tone it down a slight
0FiRGL9eL54-01271-00310459-00310804 decibel or two Senator Brockman point of
0FiRGL9eL54-01272-00310805-00310984 order on Direct relevance Senate
0FiRGL9eL54-01273-00310985-00311225 Minister watt is clearly ignoring your
0FiRGL9eL54-01274-00311226-00311393 instruction to return to the question
0FiRGL9eL54-01275-00311394-00311639 Senator Brockman he is not he is being
0FiRGL9eL54-01276-00311640-00311867 directly relevant thank you Senator watt
0FiRGL9eL54-01277-00311868-00312023 please resume
0FiRGL9eL54-01278-00312024-00312334 your five seconds thank you uh I am
0FiRGL9eL54-01279-00312335-00312497 advised that since the election there
0FiRGL9eL54-01280-00312498-00312713 has been further consultation uh with
0FiRGL9eL54-01281-00312714-00312832 the national workplace relations
0FiRGL9eL54-01282-00312833-00313025 consultative Council Senator what your
0FiRGL9eL54-01283-00313026-00313234 time has expired Senator cash first
0FiRGL9eL54-01284-00313235-00313397 thank you uh Madam president to
0FiRGL9eL54-01285-00313398-00313637 supplementary question in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01286-00313638-00313954 the announcement on Sunday what
0FiRGL9eL54-01287-00313955-00314213 consultation did the minister have with
0FiRGL9eL54-01288-00314214-00314663 the CFM EU the actu and or any other
0FiRGL9eL54-01289-00314664-00315108 Union prior to and in relation to that
0FiRGL9eL54-01290-00315109-00315365 announcement thank you Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01291-00315366-00315484 senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01292-00315485-00315701 uh well of course I will have to take
0FiRGL9eL54-01293-00315702-00315845 the specific question on notice not
0FiRGL9eL54-01294-00315846-00316025 being well not being not being the
0FiRGL9eL54-01295-00316026-00316145 minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01296-00316146-00316379 well
0FiRGL9eL54-01297-00316380-00316667 it's not my portfolio
0FiRGL9eL54-01298-00316668-00316841 I've been a little busy on foot and
0FiRGL9eL54-01299-00316842-00317387 mouth disease
0FiRGL9eL54-01300-00317388-00317651 what I do know what I do know is that
0FiRGL9eL54-01301-00317652-00317837 since the election since the election
0FiRGL9eL54-01302-00317838-00318010 there has been further consultation
0FiRGL9eL54-01303-00318011-00318239 about our policy to abolish the abcc
0FiRGL9eL54-01304-00318240-00318467 with the national workplace relations
0FiRGL9eL54-01305-00318468-00318689 consultative Council which not only
0FiRGL9eL54-01306-00318690-00318851 includes unions but includes business
0FiRGL9eL54-01307-00318852-00319054 Representatives it includes the Small
0FiRGL9eL54-01308-00319055-00319234 Business Council and Master Builders
0FiRGL9eL54-01309-00319235-00319504 among other organizations the Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-01310-00319505-00319691 Industry Group as well Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-01311-00319692-00319858 please resume your seat Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01312-00319859-00320129 again on a point of order in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01313-00320130-00320345 relevance the minister has taken the
0FiRGL9eL54-01314-00320346-00320603 question on notice he has advised the
0FiRGL9eL54-01315-00320604-00320801 chamber he is not the relevant Minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01316-00320802-00321082 and as such needs to consult with the
0FiRGL9eL54-01317-00321083-00321391 relevant minister in relationship
0FiRGL9eL54-01318-00321392-00321713 it is not relevant in relation I said
0FiRGL9eL54-01319-00321714-00321954 that up front all right thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-01320-00321955-00322258 Senator Wong thank you president well on
0FiRGL9eL54-01321-00322259-00322427 the point of order I made the same port
0FiRGL9eL54-01322-00322428-00322697 of order that I made earlier that the
0FiRGL9eL54-01323-00322698-00322858 point of order that the deputy lead of
0FiRGL9eL54-01324-00322859-00323117 the opposition has made is erroneous
0FiRGL9eL54-01325-00323118-00323341 it is not correct that when a minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01326-00323342-00323597 takes part or some of a question on
0FiRGL9eL54-01327-00323598-00323771 notice that that Minister cannot then
0FiRGL9eL54-01328-00323772-00324004 address substance of the question and
0FiRGL9eL54-01329-00324005-00324137 that has been consistent and maybe
0FiRGL9eL54-01330-00324138-00324329 Senator Brockman might wish to stand up
0FiRGL9eL54-01331-00324330-00324497 and confirm that that is the case if he
0FiRGL9eL54-01332-00324498-00324665 wishes to engage in a point of orders
0FiRGL9eL54-01333-00324666-00325019 the case but uh the the point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-01334-00325020-00325343 is is misconceived thank you Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01335-00325344-00325504 what uh just a moment Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01336-00325505-00326387 please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01337-00326388-00326669 cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01338-00326670-00327065 uh the substance of the question as has
0FiRGL9eL54-01339-00327066-00327317 been referred to by the leader of the
0FiRGL9eL54-01340-00327318-00327508 government is actually in relation to
0FiRGL9eL54-01341-00327509-00327941 the specific announcement on Sunday it
0FiRGL9eL54-01342-00327942-00328253 is not a wide-ranging substance it is
0FiRGL9eL54-01343-00328254-00328619 the announcement Sunday if you have
0FiRGL9eL54-01344-00328620-00328960 um if you have a point uh Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-01345-00328961-00329284 if you have a point of order please make
0FiRGL9eL54-01346-00329285-00329525 it to me and not to Senator Wong but I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-01347-00329526-00329819 assuming you are talking about relevance
0FiRGL9eL54-01348-00329820-00330058 my understanding
0FiRGL9eL54-01349-00330059-00330460 thank you I understand that Senator wall
0FiRGL9eL54-01350-00330461-00330689 at Senator watt can continue to be
0FiRGL9eL54-01351-00330690-00330875 directly relevant to the question you've
0FiRGL9eL54-01352-00330876-00331127 asked he's taken some of it on notice
0FiRGL9eL54-01353-00331128-00331295 and explained we've taken the
0FiRGL9eL54-01354-00331296-00331517 substantive nature of it on notice and
0FiRGL9eL54-01355-00331518-00331793 explained that he is not the the actual
0FiRGL9eL54-01356-00331794-00331973 Minister Senator what if you wish to
0FiRGL9eL54-01357-00331974-00332267 continue thank you uh president now I
0FiRGL9eL54-01358-00332268-00332453 know the concept of Consulting unions
0FiRGL9eL54-01359-00332454-00332608 again is something that is foreign to
0FiRGL9eL54-01360-00332609-00332741 the opposition something that they never
0FiRGL9eL54-01361-00332742-00332980 did in government but unlike unlike
0FiRGL9eL54-01362-00332981-00333293 unlikely the opposition this government
0FiRGL9eL54-01363-00333294-00333491 consults both business and industry
0FiRGL9eL54-01364-00333492-00333737 groups and unions we see that there is a
0FiRGL9eL54-01365-00333738-00333869 place for both in the workplace
0FiRGL9eL54-01366-00333870-00334121 relations system and that's why as I say
0FiRGL9eL54-01367-00334122-00334325 my the advice I've received is that we
0FiRGL9eL54-01368-00334326-00334493 have continued to consult the national
0FiRGL9eL54-01369-00334494-00334684 workplace relations Council since the
0FiRGL9eL54-01370-00334685-00334906 election has expired Senator cash second
0FiRGL9eL54-01371-00334907-00335104 supplementary thank you madam president
0FiRGL9eL54-01372-00335105-00335387 does the minister believe that the
0FiRGL9eL54-01373-00335388-00335632 courts were wrong when they found the
0FiRGL9eL54-01374-00335633-00335932 CFM EU were in breach of industrial laws
0FiRGL9eL54-01375-00335933-00336382 on the 80 occasions the abcc brought an
0FiRGL9eL54-01376-00336383-00336689 action against the union and were
0FiRGL9eL54-01377-00336690-00336971 successful is he questioning the
0FiRGL9eL54-01378-00336972-00337234 independence of our judiciary
0FiRGL9eL54-01379-00337235-00337445 Senator what
0FiRGL9eL54-01380-00337446-00337660 um thank you president well unlike
0FiRGL9eL54-01381-00337661-00337847 Senator cash I never questioned the
0FiRGL9eL54-01382-00337848-00338015 independence of our Judiciary and I
0FiRGL9eL54-01383-00338016-00338249 don't grossly politicize judicial type
0FiRGL9eL54-01384-00338250-00338428 bodies like Senator Kash did among her
0FiRGL9eL54-01385-00338429-00338669 colleagues with the aat for instance we
0FiRGL9eL54-01386-00338670-00338837 do believe in an independent Judiciary
0FiRGL9eL54-01387-00338838-00339041 and I have no reason to disagree with
0FiRGL9eL54-01388-00339042-00339341 any decision of any court but but what I
0FiRGL9eL54-01389-00339342-00339610 do know again is that I am absolutely
0FiRGL9eL54-01390-00339611-00339839 gobsmacked that Senator cash of all
0FiRGL9eL54-01391-00339840-00340013 people would come into this chamber and
0FiRGL9eL54-01392-00340014-00340228 talk about lawlessness the rule of law
0FiRGL9eL54-01393-00340229-00340456 and compliance with the law when her
0FiRGL9eL54-01394-00340457-00340745 office infamously leaked a police raid
0FiRGL9eL54-01395-00340746-00341123 on the awu and was before Senator watt
0FiRGL9eL54-01396-00341124-00341249 please resume your seat Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01397-00341250-00341513 Birmingham president of a point of order
0FiRGL9eL54-01398-00341514-00341753 on a matter of relevance understanding
0FiRGL9eL54-01399-00341754-00341956 orders are very clear about the need for
0FiRGL9eL54-01400-00341957-00342191 direct relevance Senator white on this
0FiRGL9eL54-01401-00342192-00342497 occasion is Australian well beyond any
0FiRGL9eL54-01402-00342498-00342751 relevance to the question that was posed
0FiRGL9eL54-01403-00342752-00343001 clearly reflecting upon another senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01404-00343002-00343217 in this place and reflecting upon
0FiRGL9eL54-01405-00343218-00343477 actions of previous governor
0FiRGL9eL54-01406-00343478-00343728 thank you Senator Birmingham I'll remind
0FiRGL9eL54-01407-00343729-00344056 our Senator watt to be directly relevant
0FiRGL9eL54-01408-00344057-00344284 to the question which was about the
0FiRGL9eL54-01409-00344285-00344597 judicial system and the cfmeu I'll leave
0FiRGL9eL54-01410-00344598-00344765 it for you to rule uh president but I
0FiRGL9eL54-01411-00344766-00344951 think that I was directly relevant to
0FiRGL9eL54-01412-00344952-00345203 the initial question uh and and as I say
0FiRGL9eL54-01413-00345204-00345460 all I can say is that of every single
0FiRGL9eL54-01414-00345461-00345617 person over on that side and I know
0FiRGL9eL54-01415-00345618-00345754 there's not as many as there used to be
0FiRGL9eL54-01416-00345755-00345989 there is no one less qualified to talk
0FiRGL9eL54-01417-00345990-00346156 about the independence of the Judiciary
0FiRGL9eL54-01418-00346157-00346319 about the rule of law or about
0FiRGL9eL54-01419-00346320-00346565 lawlessness than Senator cash she became
0FiRGL9eL54-01420-00346566-00346775 notorious across this country for
0FiRGL9eL54-01421-00346776-00347051 ignoring the rule of law office leaking
0FiRGL9eL54-01422-00347052-00347254 police information
0FiRGL9eL54-01423-00347255-00347428 Senator Birmingham
0FiRGL9eL54-01424-00347429-00347704 again president Senator watt is
0FiRGL9eL54-01425-00347705-00347927 reflecting on another senator in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01426-00347928-00348304 place Senator watt is not being relevant
0FiRGL9eL54-01427-00348305-00348599 to the question which relates to the
0FiRGL9eL54-01428-00348600-00348928 actions of the abcc on 80 occasions
0FiRGL9eL54-01429-00348929-00349199 successfully bringing proceedings and
0FiRGL9eL54-01430-00349200-00349415 it's not too appropriate he is making a
0FiRGL9eL54-01431-00349416-00349582 general reflection to repeat the
0FiRGL9eL54-01432-00349583-00349703 question I wasn't repeating the whole
0FiRGL9eL54-01433-00349704-00349901 question I understand your point is on
0FiRGL9eL54-01434-00349902-00350134 relevance about the answer that that
0FiRGL9eL54-01435-00350135-00350363 Senator Watts giving and that's what
0FiRGL9eL54-01436-00350364-00350699 I'll consider thank you Senator Wong on
0FiRGL9eL54-01437-00350700-00350999 the point of order if the assertion is
0FiRGL9eL54-01438-00351000-00351317 that there have been Reflections on a
0FiRGL9eL54-01439-00351318-00351623 senator uh Senator cash has an
0FiRGL9eL54-01440-00351624-00351839 opportunity under the standing orders to
0FiRGL9eL54-01441-00351840-00352073 remedy that and if she wishes to you
0FiRGL9eL54-01442-00352074-00352343 know take that we'll be very happy to
0FiRGL9eL54-01443-00352344-00352571 facilitate that discussion thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-01444-00352572-00352697 Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-01445-00352698-00352930 uh no thanks sit down please Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01446-00352931-00353206 Senator grass Senator McGrath please
0FiRGL9eL54-01447-00353207-00353453 resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01448-00353454-00353765 please resume your seat please resume
0FiRGL9eL54-01449-00353766-00354191 your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01450-00354192-00354706 Senator McGrath please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01451-00354707-00356167 thank you rich
0FiRGL9eL54-01452-00356168-00356447 so I'm going to go to the point raised
0FiRGL9eL54-01453-00356448-00356680 by Senator Birmingham on the issue of
0FiRGL9eL54-01454-00356681-00356947 direct relevance and
0FiRGL9eL54-01455-00356948-00357245 if Senator what was straying and I think
0FiRGL9eL54-01456-00357246-00357449 he was he does need to be directly
0FiRGL9eL54-01457-00357450-00357695 relevant Senator McGrath if your point
0FiRGL9eL54-01458-00357696-00357863 of order and I would appreciate it in
0FiRGL9eL54-01459-00357864-00358108 future when I asked you to sit to sit I
0FiRGL9eL54-01460-00358109-00358463 made no decision back to you whether I
0FiRGL9eL54-01461-00358464-00358660 would entertain your point of order or
0FiRGL9eL54-01462-00358661-00358841 not if your point of order is different
0FiRGL9eL54-01463-00358842-00359015 to that I would ask you to raise that
0FiRGL9eL54-01464-00359016-00359104 now
0FiRGL9eL54-01465-00359105-00359339 I'd like Senator what on the point of
0FiRGL9eL54-01466-00359340-00359495 order to withdraw the comment that he
0FiRGL9eL54-01467-00359496-00359704 made about Senator cash
0FiRGL9eL54-01468-00359705-00359969 thank you Senator McGraw That is not
0FiRGL9eL54-01469-00359970-00360245 um he made no assertion directly about
0FiRGL9eL54-01470-00360246-00360653 the Senate Senator what well may I seek
0FiRGL9eL54-01471-00360654-00360839 clarification
0FiRGL9eL54-01472-00360840-00361054 is the is the item that you would like
0FiRGL9eL54-01473-00361055-00361187 me to withdraw that there is no one
0FiRGL9eL54-01474-00361188-00361349 that's qualified on your side to talk
0FiRGL9eL54-01475-00361350-00361501 about their business
0FiRGL9eL54-01476-00361502-00361771 please resume your seat
0FiRGL9eL54-01477-00361772-00362075 Senator McGrath
0FiRGL9eL54-01478-00362076-00362369 order order
0FiRGL9eL54-01479-00362370-00362749 Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-01480-00362750-00363178 I am unclear because what is being
0FiRGL9eL54-01481-00363179-00363437 sought and if Senator cash is asking for
0FiRGL9eL54-01482-00363438-00363665 a withdrawal I appreciate Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01483-00363666-00363893 McGraw's point he doesn't want the
0FiRGL9eL54-01484-00363894-00364073 position
0FiRGL9eL54-01485-00364074-00364282 um the words of to which he's reacted
0FiRGL9eL54-01486-00364283-00364601 repeated but I don't actually know which
0FiRGL9eL54-01487-00364602-00364793 allegation which point you want
0FiRGL9eL54-01488-00364794-00364978 withdrawn the general approach I would
0FiRGL9eL54-01489-00364979-00365165 like us to take is if people wish
0FiRGL9eL54-01490-00365166-00365453 something to be withdrawn unless there
0FiRGL9eL54-01491-00365454-00365651 are very compelling reasons not to that
0FiRGL9eL54-01492-00365652-00365819 that as a matter of courtesy in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01493-00365820-00366065 chamber we should do so so but I I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-01494-00366066-00366382 genuinely unclear as to which you know
0FiRGL9eL54-01495-00366383-00366745 there's a lot of no there's a lot of
0FiRGL9eL54-01496-00366746-00366947 some things have been said by the
0FiRGL9eL54-01497-00366948-00367367 senator behind you which I have ignored
0FiRGL9eL54-01498-00367368-00367549 so thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-01499-00367550-00367799 wishes something withdrawn as a matter
0FiRGL9eL54-01500-00367800-00367997 of courtesy I'll ask the minister to do
0FiRGL9eL54-01501-00367998-00368278 so but thank you Senator Wong and I'll
0FiRGL9eL54-01502-00368279-00368560 ask Senator watt uh one not to repeat
0FiRGL9eL54-01503-00368561-00368782 comments you made but if you believe
0FiRGL9eL54-01504-00368783-00369028 that you made comments
0FiRGL9eL54-01505-00369029-00369263 um directly related to Senator cash then
0FiRGL9eL54-01506-00369264-00369473 I would ask you to consider to withdraw
0FiRGL9eL54-01507-00369474-00369719 those I withdraw thank you and you have
0FiRGL9eL54-01508-00369720-00369928 11 seconds remaining thank you our
0FiRGL9eL54-01509-00369929-00370204 president the as I say this government
0FiRGL9eL54-01510-00370205-00370463 makes no apologies for Consulting both
0FiRGL9eL54-01511-00370464-00370703 unions and business about important
0FiRGL9eL54-01512-00370704-00370930 workplace relations reforms the former
0FiRGL9eL54-01513-00370931-00371104 government did it didn't do it they
0FiRGL9eL54-01514-00371105-00371273 don't understand the need to do so thank
0FiRGL9eL54-01515-00371274-00371447 you Senator what your time has expired
0FiRGL9eL54-01516-00371448-00371602 Senator Wong I asked the further
0FiRGL9eL54-01517-00371603-00371999 questions be placed on notice thank you
0FiRGL9eL54-01519-00375246-00376428 foreign
0FiRGL9eL54-01520-00376429-00376654 ERS to please leave the chamber if
0FiRGL9eL54-01521-00376655-00376889 they're not attending to
0FiRGL9eL54-01522-00376890-00377075 visit so they wish to give the call to
0FiRGL9eL54-01523-00377076-00377237 Senator Brockman
0FiRGL9eL54-01524-00377238-00377513 just
0FiRGL9eL54-01525-00377514-00378034 yeah
0FiRGL9eL54-01526-00378035-00378317 are there any notices sorry are there
0FiRGL9eL54-01527-00378318-00378521 any motions to take note of answers
0FiRGL9eL54-01528-00378522-00378706 Senator Brockman yes I move to take note
0FiRGL9eL54-01529-00378707-00378923 of Answers by Senator watt surprise
0FiRGL9eL54-01530-00378924-00379043 surprise
0FiRGL9eL54-01531-00379044-00379343 thank you Mr Deputy President
0FiRGL9eL54-01532-00379344-00379769 congratulations on the new role well
0FiRGL9eL54-01533-00379770-00379913 government hasn't been in power long
0FiRGL9eL54-01534-00379914-00380087 obviously the minister hasn't been in
0FiRGL9eL54-01535-00380088-00380356 power very long and they face a huge
0FiRGL9eL54-01536-00380357-00380575 challenge to the agricultural sector
0FiRGL9eL54-01537-00380576-00380884 probably one of the most significant
0FiRGL9eL54-01538-00380885-00381160 challenges threats to the agricultural
0FiRGL9eL54-01539-00381161-00381456 sector that we have seen in this country
0FiRGL9eL54-01540-00381457-00381851 for a very very long time and the
0FiRGL9eL54-01541-00381852-00382343 response so far has been wanting it's
0FiRGL9eL54-01542-00382344-00382667 been confused it's been weak it's been
0FiRGL9eL54-01543-00382668-00382823 untimely
0FiRGL9eL54-01544-00382824-00383141 we have seen a government that has not
0FiRGL9eL54-01545-00383142-00383434 reacted in the way that the agricultural
0FiRGL9eL54-01546-00383435-00383663 sector of Australia and particularly
0FiRGL9eL54-01547-00383664-00383867 agricultural sector of my home state of
0FiRGL9eL54-01548-00383868-00384149 Western Australia would have want a
0FiRGL9eL54-01549-00384150-00384641 government to react and
0FiRGL9eL54-01550-00384642-00384797 we've heard some comments in Western
0FiRGL9eL54-01551-00384798-00385030 Australia recently from the state labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01552-00385031-00385277 agriculture minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01553-00385278-00385402 and
0FiRGL9eL54-01554-00385403-00385606 here were her comments in the west
0FiRGL9eL54-01555-00385607-00385763 Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-01556-00385764-00386051 from just a few days ago I know this
0FiRGL9eL54-01557-00386052-00386219 isn't the line that the newspapers want
0FiRGL9eL54-01558-00386220-00386452 to hear but we've got to keep this in
0FiRGL9eL54-01559-00386453-00386704 perspective the most serious threat to
0FiRGL9eL54-01560-00386705-00386987 Australian agriculture in probably my
0FiRGL9eL54-01561-00386988-00387269 lifetime and we have to keep it in
0FiRGL9eL54-01562-00387270-00387515 perspective we're not going to see our
0FiRGL9eL54-01563-00387516-00387784 cattle industry decimated this is from a
0FiRGL9eL54-01564-00387785-00388019 state labor agriculture Minister we are
0FiRGL9eL54-01565-00388020-00388289 not going to see our cattle industry
0FiRGL9eL54-01566-00388290-00388427 decimated
0FiRGL9eL54-01567-00388428-00388697 will still have a domestic industry she
0FiRGL9eL54-01568-00388698-00388895 said we'll still have a domestic
0FiRGL9eL54-01569-00388896-00389034 industry
0FiRGL9eL54-01570-00389035-00389308 meat meat and milk might actually become
0FiRGL9eL54-01571-00389309-00389710 cheaper this is what the state labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01572-00389711-00389945 Minister said and
0FiRGL9eL54-01573-00389946-00390143 it's not gonna she said it's not gonna
0FiRGL9eL54-01574-00390144-00390334 stop milk or meat being available to us
0FiRGL9eL54-01575-00390335-00390580 some people might actually argue it
0FiRGL9eL54-01576-00390581-00390749 makes it cheaper because there'll be
0FiRGL9eL54-01577-00390750-00391019 more of it available domestically this
0FiRGL9eL54-01578-00391020-00391456 is what a state labor Minister said and
0FiRGL9eL54-01579-00391457-00391702 this is someone that this Minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01580-00391703-00391967 Minister what is relying upon to work
0FiRGL9eL54-01581-00391968-00392260 with in fact he stated today he stated
0FiRGL9eL54-01582-00392261-00392465 today that it was the states who have
0FiRGL9eL54-01583-00392466-00392621 the principal responsibility in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01584-00392622-00392813 area the states have the principal
0FiRGL9eL54-01585-00392814-00393028 responsibility he's washing his hands of
0FiRGL9eL54-01586-00393029-00393221 responsibility he's he's giving
0FiRGL9eL54-01587-00393222-00393419 responsibility to the state and what
0FiRGL9eL54-01588-00393420-00393617 have we heard from the state labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01589-00393618-00393856 minister in Western Australia that it's
0FiRGL9eL54-01590-00393857-00394019 not going to decimate the cattle
0FiRGL9eL54-01591-00394020-00394265 industry in fact it might actually make
0FiRGL9eL54-01592-00394266-00394469 milk milk and meat cheaper now she's
0FiRGL9eL54-01593-00394470-00394649 repudiated these words as she should
0FiRGL9eL54-01594-00394650-00394834 have as she should as she's been
0FiRGL9eL54-01595-00394835-00395147 repudiated by her State Premier as she
0FiRGL9eL54-01596-00395148-00395332 should have as she should have been
0FiRGL9eL54-01597-00395333-00395554 repudiated as she should be repudiated
0FiRGL9eL54-01598-00395555-00395860 by all including all in this place and I
0FiRGL9eL54-01599-00395861-00396058 stand right beside my good friend the
0FiRGL9eL54-01600-00396059-00396197 member for O'Connor in The Other Place
0FiRGL9eL54-01601-00396198-00396454 Rick Wilson who called for her
0FiRGL9eL54-01602-00396455-00396671 resignation and she should absolutely
0FiRGL9eL54-01603-00396672-00396875 resign walking away from these
0FiRGL9eL54-01604-00396876-00397025 statements from an agriculture minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01605-00397026-00397391 is not enough it is not enough to say
0FiRGL9eL54-01606-00397392-00397577 that foot and mouth disease won't
0FiRGL9eL54-01607-00397578-00397834 decimate our industry and then just to
0FiRGL9eL54-01608-00397835-00398147 apologize and carry on this is a
0FiRGL9eL54-01609-00398148-00398356 industry that is so fundamental to the
0FiRGL9eL54-01610-00398357-00398554 agricultural sector of my home state of
0FiRGL9eL54-01611-00398555-00398771 Western Australia it's so fundamental to
0FiRGL9eL54-01612-00398772-00399047 the agricultural sector of the entire
0FiRGL9eL54-01613-00399048-00399304 Australia it's it's fundamental to our
0FiRGL9eL54-01614-00399305-00399413 economy
0FiRGL9eL54-01615-00399414-00399695 foot and mouth has been estimated as
0FiRGL9eL54-01616-00399696-00399995 costing our economy 80 billion dollars
0FiRGL9eL54-01617-00399996-00400510 over 10 years 80 billion dollars it
0FiRGL9eL54-01618-00400511-00400739 would decimate our trade if it was found
0FiRGL9eL54-01619-00400740-00400973 in this country decimate our trade
0FiRGL9eL54-01620-00400974-00401327 across the globe uh it would
0FiRGL9eL54-01621-00401328-00401554 severely damage our major export
0FiRGL9eL54-01622-00401555-00401806 Industries the dairy industry of
0FiRGL9eL54-01623-00401807-00402106 Victoria uh obviously the north the
0FiRGL9eL54-01624-00402107-00402377 north of Australia exports so much uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01625-00402378-00402658 meat particularly in Queensland uh it
0FiRGL9eL54-01626-00402659-00402965 would decimate our sheep industry and
0FiRGL9eL54-01627-00402966-00403223 yet we have Labor ministers labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01628-00403224-00403480 Ministers of the crown saying that oh
0FiRGL9eL54-01629-00403481-00403739 it's not to be worried about it might
0FiRGL9eL54-01630-00403740-00404032 make meat and milk cheaper I mean this
0FiRGL9eL54-01631-00404033-00404260 is an absolute disgrace
0FiRGL9eL54-01632-00404261-00404519 the the labor minister in Western
0FiRGL9eL54-01633-00404520-00404747 Australia should resign she should
0FiRGL9eL54-01634-00404748-00405137 resign immediately and we need ministers
0FiRGL9eL54-01635-00405138-00405334 who will actually stand up for
0FiRGL9eL54-01636-00405335-00405580 agriculture we need ministers who will
0FiRGL9eL54-01637-00405581-00405754 stand up for agriculture in this place
0FiRGL9eL54-01638-00405755-00406006 and sadly in the effort we've seen today
0FiRGL9eL54-01639-00406007-00406247 from the current Minister we do not have
0FiRGL9eL54-01640-00406248-00406565 that we have a weak ineffectual Minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01641-00406566-00406978 who is reacting and reacting slowly to
0FiRGL9eL54-01642-00406979-00407267 an existential crisis for our livestock
0FiRGL9eL54-01643-00407268-00407757 Industries foreign
0FiRGL9eL54-01644-00407758-00408682 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-01645-00408683-00408971 those obvious those obvious are clearly
0FiRGL9eL54-01646-00408972-00409204 going to defend this insipid response
0FiRGL9eL54-01647-00409205-00409768 and they will come to regret that
0FiRGL9eL54-01648-00409769-00410099 uh Senator Brown uh thank you Mr Deputy
0FiRGL9eL54-01649-00410100-00410422 president and congratulations on your
0FiRGL9eL54-01650-00410423-00410610 elevation
0FiRGL9eL54-01651-00410612-00410920 that was such that was an extraordinary
0FiRGL9eL54-01652-00410921-00411341 uh response in uh from a senator who
0FiRGL9eL54-01653-00411342-00411641 stood up and and characterized the
0FiRGL9eL54-01654-00411642-00411899 response by this government a labor
0FiRGL9eL54-01655-00411900-00412097 government I'll just say that again
0FiRGL9eL54-01656-00412097-00412439 because I really like the to hear it a
0FiRGL9eL54-01657-00412439-00412645 labor government
0FiRGL9eL54-01658-00412646-00413039 a characterized uh of the response by uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01659-00413039-00413243 a labor government is lacking when
0FiRGL9eL54-01660-00413243-00413680 there's a response by the minister a
0FiRGL9eL54-01661-00413681-00413945 very capable minister in fact it's been
0FiRGL9eL54-01662-00413946-00414203 a long time it's been a long time that
0FiRGL9eL54-01663-00414204-00414413 since we've had a capable agricultural
0FiRGL9eL54-01664-00414414-00414826 Minister a response that's coordinated a
0FiRGL9eL54-01665-00414827-00415084 quick response coordinated response and
0FiRGL9eL54-01666-00415085-00415337 a comprehensive response and not only
0FiRGL9eL54-01667-00415338-00415643 that but we had Minister what in here
0FiRGL9eL54-01668-00415643-00416068 today responding to questions directly
0FiRGL9eL54-01669-00416069-00416410 and quite frankly they were questions
0FiRGL9eL54-01670-00416412-00416699 that were asked from Senators that
0FiRGL9eL54-01671-00416700-00417005 didn't take the issue seriously
0FiRGL9eL54-01672-00417006-00417370 they weren't taking the issue seriously
0FiRGL9eL54-01673-00417371-00417755 this is of serious issue it's an issue
0FiRGL9eL54-01674-00417756-00418141 that the Albanese labor government takes
0FiRGL9eL54-01675-00418142-00418493 seriously and that's why we introduce
0FiRGL9eL54-01676-00418493-00418709 some of the toughest biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-01677-00418710-00419003 measures ever used in Australia
0FiRGL9eL54-01678-00419004-00419557 the minister the minister that
0FiRGL9eL54-01679-00419558-00419903 that keeps interdicting that talks as
0FiRGL9eL54-01680-00419904-00420137 far as I can see the
0FiRGL9eL54-01681-00420138-00420322 um what's been put in the media that
0FiRGL9eL54-01682-00420323-00420575 she's talking about going down and
0FiRGL9eL54-01683-00420576-00420941 washing feet I'm not sure what's why uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01684-00420942-00421216 that she thinks that that some sort of
0FiRGL9eL54-01685-00421217-00421625 uh good response but
0FiRGL9eL54-01686-00421626-00421993 but the minister outline quite clearly
0FiRGL9eL54-01687-00421993-00422351 what has been happening and and for the
0FiRGL9eL54-01688-00422352-00422614 benefit of the the minister the Senate
0FiRGL9eL54-01689-00422615-00422891 is opposite I will go through
0FiRGL9eL54-01690-00422892-00423107 um some of the responses that have been
0FiRGL9eL54-01691-00423108-00423527 put in place but it is a coordinated uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01692-00423528-00423814 and comprehensive response in fact as
0FiRGL9eL54-01693-00423815-00424025 the minister has said
0FiRGL9eL54-01694-00424026-00424391 um the responses and the um
0FiRGL9eL54-01695-00424392-00424672 uh the initiatives that have been put in
0FiRGL9eL54-01696-00424673-00424966 place are the most comprehensive uh ever
0FiRGL9eL54-01697-00424967-00425339 seen in Australia and that's because the
0FiRGL9eL54-01698-00425339-00425639 Albanese labor government take the issue
0FiRGL9eL54-01699-00425639-00425866 of foot and mouth disease very seriously
0FiRGL9eL54-01700-00425867-00426322 and to be honest it is a it's a sad sad
0FiRGL9eL54-01701-00426323-00426695 day when the very first question time by
0FiRGL9eL54-01702-00426696-00426864 the new opposition
0FiRGL9eL54-01703-00426865-00427235 comes with questions that showed their
0FiRGL9eL54-01704-00427235-00427614 lack of real interest only interested in
0FiRGL9eL54-01705-00427615-00428014 political Point scoring when the issues
0FiRGL9eL54-01706-00428015-00428381 around foot and mouth disease pose real
0FiRGL9eL54-01707-00428382-00428783 and serious risks to Australia so with
0FiRGL9eL54-01708-00428784-00429029 the labor government has introduced the
0FiRGL9eL54-01709-00429030-00429341 toughest biosecurity measures ever used
0FiRGL9eL54-01710-00429342-00429745 in Australia and we the minister has
0FiRGL9eL54-01711-00429746-00430141 been very effective in his
0FiRGL9eL54-01712-00430142-00430651 in the rollout of images to combat
0FiRGL9eL54-01713-00430652-00430943 foot and mouth disease but also in his
0FiRGL9eL54-01714-00430943-00431287 discussions with the Indonesian
0FiRGL9eL54-01715-00431288-00431405 [Music]
0FiRGL9eL54-01716-00431406-00431699 government so the
0FiRGL9eL54-01717-00431700-00432029 so as the minister has talked about we
0FiRGL9eL54-01718-00432030-00432229 are providing
0FiRGL9eL54-01719-00432230-00432625 at least one million doses to Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-01720-00432626-00432887 for their foot and mouth vaccination
0FiRGL9eL54-01721-00432888-00433283 program we've put together a 14 million
0FiRGL9eL54-01722-00433284-00433559 dollar biosecurity package to for
0FiRGL9eL54-01723-00433560-00433829 Australia's freight line defense and
0FiRGL9eL54-01724-00433830-00434057 providing more technical support for
0FiRGL9eL54-01725-00434058-00434291 countries currently battling foot and
0FiRGL9eL54-01726-00434292-00434555 mouth disease and lumpy skin disease and
0FiRGL9eL54-01727-00434556-00434818 as the minister also indicated in his
0FiRGL9eL54-01728-00434819-00435064 response there are over foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-01729-00435065-00435425 disease currently are in over 70
0FiRGL9eL54-01730-00435426-00435964 countries so you what we what the what
0FiRGL9eL54-01731-00435965-00436168 the opposition should be doing is they
0FiRGL9eL54-01732-00436169-00436513 should be joining in fact they should be
0FiRGL9eL54-01733-00436514-00436816 supporting it they should be supporting
0FiRGL9eL54-01734-00436817-00437207 the minister in in his work because what
0FiRGL9eL54-01735-00437208-00437470 the minister has actually done is put
0FiRGL9eL54-01736-00437471-00437789 together a very comprehensive
0FiRGL9eL54-01737-00437789-00438029 um a set of measures that have been
0FiRGL9eL54-01738-00438030-00438366 rolled rolled rolled out throughout
0FiRGL9eL54-01739-00438367-00438557 since the
0FiRGL9eL54-01740-00438558-00438743 um and of course the foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-01741-00438743-00439181 disease did reach uh Indonesia prior to
0FiRGL9eL54-01742-00439182-00439595 the uh the election being held but you
0FiRGL9eL54-01743-00439596-00439883 couldn't get a better response than what
0FiRGL9eL54-01744-00439884-00440087 has been put together and rolled out by
0FiRGL9eL54-01745-00440088-00440333 the minister on behalf of the Albanese
0FiRGL9eL54-01746-00440334-00440633 labor government Sonora Caravan thank
0FiRGL9eL54-01747-00440634-00440909 you Mr Deputy president sir well as a
0FiRGL9eL54-01748-00440910-00441197 senator proudly uh uh ensconced in
0FiRGL9eL54-01749-00441197-00441364 Rockhampton the nation's beef Capital
0FiRGL9eL54-01750-00441365-00441629 this is a an extremely uh important
0FiRGL9eL54-01751-00441630-00442120 issue to talk about because uh if there
0FiRGL9eL54-01752-00442121-00442295 were to be an outbreak of foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-01753-00442296-00442414 disease let's very much hope that does
0FiRGL9eL54-01754-00442415-00442547 not happen but they were to be there
0FiRGL9eL54-01755-00442547-00442703 probably would not be a town Australia
0FiRGL9eL54-01756-00442704-00442877 more affected than my hometown of
0FiRGL9eL54-01757-00442878-00443116 Rockhampton and I must say talking to
0FiRGL9eL54-01758-00443117-00443381 the graziers in the Fitzroy base and
0FiRGL9eL54-01759-00443382-00443543 there's a lot of concern that this
0FiRGL9eL54-01760-00443543-00443687 government does not have
0FiRGL9eL54-01761-00443688-00444047 the proper focus on this issue they are
0FiRGL9eL54-01762-00444047-00444209 very concerned about the knee jerk and
0FiRGL9eL54-01763-00444210-00444472 haphazard response over the past few
0FiRGL9eL54-01764-00444473-00444803 weeks where at one point foot mats were
0FiRGL9eL54-01765-00444804-00445025 were ineffective and no not needed and
0FiRGL9eL54-01766-00445026-00445241 then just days later they were going to
0FiRGL9eL54-01767-00445242-00445433 be rolled out everywhere and we're still
0FiRGL9eL54-01768-00445434-00445666 waiting for them and it's not just those
0FiRGL9eL54-01769-00445667-00446003 anecdotes or my political points here uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01770-00446004-00446189 that are that are confirming this lack
0FiRGL9eL54-01771-00446189-00446387 of confidence it's the market itself the
0FiRGL9eL54-01772-00446388-00446633 market has no confidence in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01773-00446634-00446825 minister no confidence in this new
0FiRGL9eL54-01774-00446826-00447107 government indeed in the first week uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01775-00447108-00447310 the week that the barley outbreak was
0FiRGL9eL54-01776-00447312-00447622 exposed to the first week of July the
0FiRGL9eL54-01777-00447623-00447839 the price for the Eastern young cattle
0FiRGL9eL54-01778-00447839-00448001 indicator that's uh basically a
0FiRGL9eL54-01779-00448002-00448187 benchmark price for cattle prices across
0FiRGL9eL54-01780-00448188-00448637 Australia it's sat it sat at 11.18 cents
0FiRGL9eL54-01781-00448638-00448847 per kilogram a very good price a very
0FiRGL9eL54-01782-00448847-00449122 very good price mind you but in just the
0FiRGL9eL54-01783-00449123-00449314 two weeks since then it is now down
0FiRGL9eL54-01784-00449315-00449681 below 9.892 a kilogram a 20 drop in 2
0FiRGL9eL54-01785-00449682-00450035 weeks I confirming a vote of no
0FiRGL9eL54-01786-00450035-00450263 confidence in this ministering it's not
0FiRGL9eL54-01787-00450264-00450539 just a drop to 892 look 892 is still a
0FiRGL9eL54-01788-00450539-00450725 very very good price very fantastic
0FiRGL9eL54-01789-00450726-00450868 price all cattle producers pretty much
0FiRGL9eL54-01790-00450869-00451163 will be making money at 8.92 but but
0FiRGL9eL54-01791-00451164-00451391 it's on a vertical drop right now that
0FiRGL9eL54-01792-00451392-00451685 price and we need that to be halted we
0FiRGL9eL54-01793-00451685-00451859 need that curve that we need to bend
0FiRGL9eL54-01794-00451860-00452141 that curve back uh and so we don't get
0FiRGL9eL54-01795-00452142-00452381 prices back down to levels we saw 10
0FiRGL9eL54-01796-00452382-00452531 years or so ago during the drought and
0FiRGL9eL54-01797-00452532-00452770 dare I say the live export ban and for
0FiRGL9eL54-01798-00452771-00452951 that we need this government to wake up
0FiRGL9eL54-01799-00452952-00453160 and deliver on their promises to show
0FiRGL9eL54-01800-00453162-00453310 the Australian people in the Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-01801-00453312-00453472 cattle industry that they are they have
0FiRGL9eL54-01802-00453473-00453610 got this that they have got their eyes
0FiRGL9eL54-01803-00453612-00453760 focused on this the Prime Minister
0FiRGL9eL54-01804-00453762-00453989 hasn't been hasn't been across this he's
0FiRGL9eL54-01805-00453989-00454139 been overseas and has not been across
0FiRGL9eL54-01806-00454139-00454337 domestic issues he's refused calls for
0FiRGL9eL54-01807-00454338-00454529 him to take charge of this issue given
0FiRGL9eL54-01808-00454530-00454733 the consequences for this country and
0FiRGL9eL54-01809-00454734-00454864 Regional areas in particular that would
0FiRGL9eL54-01810-00454865-00455105 be hurt and he is not helping out now
0FiRGL9eL54-01811-00455106-00455387 today's contribution from Minister watt
0FiRGL9eL54-01812-00455388-00455620 does not help this lack of confidence it
0FiRGL9eL54-01813-00455621-00455753 does not help at all unfortunately
0FiRGL9eL54-01814-00455754-00455897 hopefully be better tomorrow it was his
0FiRGL9eL54-01815-00455897-00456113 first day today I suppose we all get a
0FiRGL9eL54-01816-00456114-00456389 bit of slack on our first day but he he
0FiRGL9eL54-01817-00456389-00456713 couldn't even answer basic questions on
0FiRGL9eL54-01818-00456714-00456857 basic numbers put by my colleague
0FiRGL9eL54-01819-00456858-00457066 Senator McKenzie who asked how many
0FiRGL9eL54-01820-00457067-00457259 passengers have come through from
0FiRGL9eL54-01821-00457260-00457481 Indonesia in the last few weeks you'd
0FiRGL9eL54-01822-00457482-00457649 think if you were concerned and focused
0FiRGL9eL54-01823-00457650-00457841 on this issue you'd have that number at
0FiRGL9eL54-01824-00457842-00458039 the top of your head and indeed I do
0FiRGL9eL54-01825-00458039-00458243 remember the colleagues over on the
0FiRGL9eL54-01826-00458243-00458381 other side being very critical of
0FiRGL9eL54-01827-00458382-00458627 ministers did not have significant
0FiRGL9eL54-01828-00458628-00458747 numbers on the top of their head but he
0FiRGL9eL54-01829-00458747-00458968 didn't know that he didn't know that he
0FiRGL9eL54-01830-00458969-00459191 took it on notice it was one of many
0FiRGL9eL54-01831-00459192-00459383 questions he took on notice indeed later
0FiRGL9eL54-01832-00459384-00459581 on in question time he took the he took
0FiRGL9eL54-01833-00459582-00459905 the not my job excuse uh it's not my job
0FiRGL9eL54-01834-00459906-00460055 I don't have these answers so not my job
0FiRGL9eL54-01835-00460056-00460289 Murray is not across his brief and he's
0FiRGL9eL54-01836-00460289-00460570 not giving confidence to the Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-01837-00460571-00460720 cattle industry to the Australian people
0FiRGL9eL54-01838-00460721-00460918 that they are responding appropriately
0FiRGL9eL54-01839-00460919-00461266 to this issue and look I do appreciate
0FiRGL9eL54-01840-00461267-00461410 the briefing that's put on earlier today
0FiRGL9eL54-01841-00461412-00461597 by Minister what in the government there
0FiRGL9eL54-01842-00461597-00461777 was a lot of good information there the
0FiRGL9eL54-01843-00461778-00461999 takeaway I I had though is that what I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-01844-00462000-00462214 concerned is that this minister in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01845-00462215-00462460 government is putting too much faith in
0FiRGL9eL54-01846-00462462-00462635 the advice they're given giving and not
0FiRGL9eL54-01847-00462635-00462863 providing appropriate scrutiny of that
0FiRGL9eL54-01848-00462864-00463085 again it's their first day it's uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01849-00463085-00463264 Murray's first go here as a sorry
0FiRGL9eL54-01850-00463265-00463420 Senator what as his first goal as a
0FiRGL9eL54-01851-00463421-00463625 minister and and I don't think he
0FiRGL9eL54-01852-00463626-00463877 understands that your job is not just uh
0FiRGL9eL54-01853-00463878-00464005 to to
0FiRGL9eL54-01854-00464006-00464243 enact the advice you're given from your
0FiRGL9eL54-01855-00464243-00464357 departments and agencies they're
0FiRGL9eL54-01856-00464358-00464560 well-meaning they're good people but
0FiRGL9eL54-01857-00464562-00464729 they often have to protect their own
0FiRGL9eL54-01858-00464730-00464927 advice their own history they're not
0FiRGL9eL54-01859-00464928-00465118 necessarily going to give you a a
0FiRGL9eL54-01860-00465119-00465305 hundred percent uh account of what's
0FiRGL9eL54-01861-00465306-00465443 going on the ground because what I hear
0FiRGL9eL54-01862-00465443-00465581 quite often from the government right
0FiRGL9eL54-01863-00465582-00465766 now is that well we're told that there's
0FiRGL9eL54-01864-00465767-00465899 Maps everywhere we're told that
0FiRGL9eL54-01865-00465900-00466145 everybody's being checked uh at the at
0FiRGL9eL54-01866-00466146-00466331 the brief because today you're saying
0FiRGL9eL54-01867-00466332-00466583 100 of people 100 I'm told 100 of people
0FiRGL9eL54-01868-00466584-00466799 are fine and yet we continue to get
0FiRGL9eL54-01869-00466800-00467093 stories from actual people who come in
0FiRGL9eL54-01870-00467093-00467333 from Indonesia coming in from overseas
0FiRGL9eL54-01871-00467334-00467470 and there's nothing at the airports
0FiRGL9eL54-01872-00467471-00467645 there's nothing there now some things
0FiRGL9eL54-01873-00467646-00467825 wrong wrong are these people contacting
0FiRGL9eL54-01874-00467826-00468125 us are lying or maybe just maybe the
0FiRGL9eL54-01875-00468126-00468275 advice that's being pushed up through
0FiRGL9eL54-01876-00468276-00468466 the Public Services not quite 100
0FiRGL9eL54-01877-00468467-00468718 accurate uh and Truth tested to what's
0FiRGL9eL54-01878-00468719-00468899 going on in the ground so I'd hope one
0FiRGL9eL54-01879-00468900-00469091 thing I would hope after this searing
0FiRGL9eL54-01880-00469092-00469325 experience for the new Minister uh what
0FiRGL9eL54-01881-00469326-00469541 that he goes away and tries to ground
0FiRGL9eL54-01882-00469542-00469787 check exactly what is going on airports
0FiRGL9eL54-01883-00469788-00470135 this is so so serious for our country we
0FiRGL9eL54-01884-00470135-00470375 cannot just sit back and take every
0FiRGL9eL54-01885-00470376-00470555 piece of advice we get we have to have
0FiRGL9eL54-01886-00470556-00470729 scrutiny we have to hold them to account
0FiRGL9eL54-01887-00470730-00470989 here in this place that is our job
0FiRGL9eL54-01888-00470989-00471191 Senator Walsh
0FiRGL9eL54-01889-00471192-00471497 uh thank you very much Deputy president
0FiRGL9eL54-01890-00471497-00471797 and I thank the opposition for their
0FiRGL9eL54-01891-00471797-00472175 questions to Senator Walsh on the very
0FiRGL9eL54-01892-00472176-00472553 serious foot and mouth outbreak in
0FiRGL9eL54-01893-00472554-00472895 Indonesia and the Albanese government is
0FiRGL9eL54-01894-00472896-00473218 taking this threat extremely seriously
0FiRGL9eL54-01895-00473219-00473383 very seriously
0FiRGL9eL54-01896-00473384-00473791 just as Australian Travelers are as well
0FiRGL9eL54-01897-00473792-00474089 what we are doing is we are taking the
0FiRGL9eL54-01898-00474089-00474445 very best advice on managing this risk
0FiRGL9eL54-01899-00474446-00474731 and the very best advice on protecting
0FiRGL9eL54-01900-00474732-00475109 Australia Australia's trade as well and
0FiRGL9eL54-01901-00475110-00475355 we're very grateful to those Travelers
0FiRGL9eL54-01902-00475356-00475709 who are understanding the seriousness of
0FiRGL9eL54-01903-00475710-00475966 the disease and complying with the
0FiRGL9eL54-01904-00475967-00476209 measures that we're putting in place
0FiRGL9eL54-01905-00476210-00476489 we're very grateful to Australians for
0FiRGL9eL54-01906-00476489-00476687 understanding the serious of this
0FiRGL9eL54-01907-00476688-00476945 disease which seems to be more than we
0FiRGL9eL54-01908-00476946-00477251 can say about than those on the
0FiRGL9eL54-01909-00477252-00477527 opposition benches those on the
0FiRGL9eL54-01910-00477528-00477725 opposition benches have demonstrated
0FiRGL9eL54-01911-00477726-00477931 today that they seem to have been
0FiRGL9eL54-01912-00477932-00478277 infected with something themselves and
0FiRGL9eL54-01913-00478278-00478613 that is a dose of absolute hysteria on
0FiRGL9eL54-01914-00478614-00478781 this issue
0FiRGL9eL54-01915-00478782-00479185 they have been infected with a dose of
0FiRGL9eL54-01916-00479185-00479699 confected Hysteria on this issue let's
0FiRGL9eL54-01917-00479700-00479914 talk about let's talk about the
0FiRGL9eL54-01918-00479915-00480172 opposition's response to this issue
0FiRGL9eL54-01919-00480173-00480431 we've had the opposition leader Mr
0FiRGL9eL54-01920-00480432-00480781 Dutton calling for the borders to shut
0FiRGL9eL54-01921-00480782-00481085 we've had the leader of the Nationals Mr
0FiRGL9eL54-01922-00481085-00481391 little proud immediately back away from
0FiRGL9eL54-01923-00481392-00481685 that call we've had the former Nationals
0FiRGL9eL54-01924-00481685-00482014 leader remember him Mr Joyce calling for
0FiRGL9eL54-01925-00482015-00482345 the borders to be closed and of course
0FiRGL9eL54-01926-00482346-00482657 we've had Senator McKenzie wanting to
0FiRGL9eL54-01927-00482658-00482999 wash people's feet and making that offer
0FiRGL9eL54-01928-00483000-00483349 again today
0FiRGL9eL54-01929-00483350-00483577 well the government really does
0FiRGL9eL54-01930-00483578-00483881 appreciate your newfound Jesus complex
0FiRGL9eL54-01931-00483882-00484199 Senator McKenzie your newfound Jesus
0FiRGL9eL54-01932-00484200-00484535 complex is much appreciated but the
0FiRGL9eL54-01933-00484535-00484847 opposition cannot even decide what you
0FiRGL9eL54-01934-00484847-00485112 are even calling for what you are
0FiRGL9eL54-01935-00485113-00485387 calling for Senator McKenzie I'm not
0FiRGL9eL54-01936-00485388-00485543 enjoying your commentary
0FiRGL9eL54-01937-00485543-00485962 Senator Walsh these hysterical calls
0FiRGL9eL54-01938-00485963-00486268 these confused calls to shut the borders
0FiRGL9eL54-01939-00486269-00486605 open the borders wash people's feet they
0FiRGL9eL54-01940-00486606-00486827 are the things that are damaging our
0FiRGL9eL54-01941-00486828-00487229 response to this crisis right now calls
0FiRGL9eL54-01942-00487230-00487397 to shut the border are damaging
0FiRGL9eL54-01943-00487397-00487810 Australia's agricultural rep reputation
0FiRGL9eL54-01944-00487812-00487885 um
0FiRGL9eL54-01945-00487885-00488212 the unnecessary unnecessary hysteria
0FiRGL9eL54-01946-00488213-00488555 that you are fermenting on the
0FiRGL9eL54-01947-00488556-00488759 opposition benches will do nothing but
0FiRGL9eL54-01948-00488760-00488999 damage the international trade that you
0FiRGL9eL54-01949-00489000-00489310 are saying that you want to protect as
0FiRGL9eL54-01950-00489312-00489527 it stands in Australia today we have no
0FiRGL9eL54-01951-00489528-00489749 evidence at all that the virus is out in
0FiRGL9eL54-01952-00489750-00490049 Australia but what your response does is
0FiRGL9eL54-01953-00490050-00490301 affect our international trade if people
0FiRGL9eL54-01954-00490302-00490601 think that we do have this disease so
0FiRGL9eL54-01955-00490602-00491014 your hysteria is helping no one what we
0FiRGL9eL54-01956-00491015-00491207 do know is that the disease is evident
0FiRGL9eL54-01957-00491208-00491441 across many countries and the opposition
0FiRGL9eL54-01958-00491442-00491735 is not calling for borders to be shut to
0FiRGL9eL54-01959-00491735-00492047 them so once again what you are doing is
0FiRGL9eL54-01960-00492047-00492305 playing politics rather than listening
0FiRGL9eL54-01961-00492306-00492659 to The Experts now I also thank the
0FiRGL9eL54-01962-00492660-00492845 opposition for their questions on our
0FiRGL9eL54-01963-00492846-00493210 policy to abolish the abcc the
0FiRGL9eL54-01964-00493212-00493505 absolutely discredited abcc and their
0FiRGL9eL54-01965-00493506-00493703 questions about our consultations with
0FiRGL9eL54-01966-00493704-00494101 business uh and with unions on this
0FiRGL9eL54-01967-00494102-00494339 Senator Birmingham
0FiRGL9eL54-01968-00494339-00494543 the question before the chair is purely
0FiRGL9eL54-01969-00494543-00494710 to take note of the answers to Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01970-00494712-00494879 watt in relation to foot and mouth
0FiRGL9eL54-01971-00494880-00495172 disease yes Senator Walsh the motion
0FiRGL9eL54-01972-00495173-00495364 before us didn't involve that answer
0FiRGL9eL54-01973-00495365-00495562 that question and that answer so okay
0FiRGL9eL54-01974-00495563-00495779 somewhat restraining
0FiRGL9eL54-01975-00495780-00496031 uh thank you very much what I heard
0FiRGL9eL54-01976-00496032-00496505 Senator scar say uh Senator the notion
0FiRGL9eL54-01977-00496506-00496672 to take no it didn't include that
0FiRGL9eL54-01978-00496673-00496841 question and answer okay I thought it
0FiRGL9eL54-01979-00496842-00497014 just included um questions to Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-01980-00497015-00497170 watt that is what I heard it was
0FiRGL9eL54-01981-00497171-00497387 specific to the particular ones you know
0FiRGL9eL54-01982-00497388-00497645 as I understand in relation to the point
0FiRGL9eL54-01983-00497646-00497818 it is disappointing not to be able to
0FiRGL9eL54-01984-00497819-00498005 talk uh about the discredited
0FiRGL9eL54-01985-00498006-00498310 organization that is the abcc but what
0FiRGL9eL54-01986-00498312-00498581 this does give me an opportunity to do
0FiRGL9eL54-01987-00498582-00498785 of course is talk a little bit more
0FiRGL9eL54-01988-00498785-00499133 about the incredibly impressive and
0FiRGL9eL54-01989-00499134-00499366 Powerful response that the Australian
0FiRGL9eL54-01990-00499367-00499553 government with the leadership of the
0FiRGL9eL54-01991-00499554-00499745 minister Senator watt have put in place
0FiRGL9eL54-01992-00499746-00500087 to deal with this outbreak in Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-01993-00500088-00500320 and of course we are taking this
0FiRGL9eL54-01994-00500321-00500549 outbreak very seriously we are managing
0FiRGL9eL54-01995-00500550-00500760 the risk of foot and mouth disease
0FiRGL9eL54-01996-00500762-00501101 across our Shores and we are doing that
0FiRGL9eL54-01997-00501102-00501316 with the biggest biosecurity package
0FiRGL9eL54-01998-00501317-00501568 that has ever been introduced in this
0FiRGL9eL54-01999-00501569-00501814 country we are installing Sanitation and
0FiRGL9eL54-02000-00501815-00501995 foot mats in international and domestic
0FiRGL9eL54-02001-00501996-00502187 airports where monitoring travelers from
0FiRGL9eL54-02002-00502188-00502445 high risk areas and there are thousands
0FiRGL9eL54-02003-00502446-00502618 of passengers being assessed in
0FiRGL9eL54-02004-00502619-00502810 Melbourne and in other major cities
0FiRGL9eL54-02005-00502812-00503081 every day we are delivering vaccines and
0FiRGL9eL54-02006-00503082-00503422 as Minister what explained those
0FiRGL9eL54-02007-00503423-00503651 vaccines are expected to arrive in
0FiRGL9eL54-02008-00503652-00503968 August we are increasing screening to
0FiRGL9eL54-02009-00503969-00504275 monitor Undeclared meat products this is
0FiRGL9eL54-02010-00504276-00504439 a serious
0FiRGL9eL54-02011-00504439-00504718 biosecurity issue for Australia it's one
0FiRGL9eL54-02012-00504719-00504964 that we are taking seriously and the
0FiRGL9eL54-02013-00504965-00505145 response is not helped by those on the
0FiRGL9eL54-02014-00505146-00505312 opposition benches
0FiRGL9eL54-02015-00505313-00505595 Senator Davey thank you very much Mr
0FiRGL9eL54-02016-00505596-00505985 Deputy president and um I I congratulate
0FiRGL9eL54-02017-00505985-00506359 Senator Watt on her Admiral uh Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-02018-00506360-00506699 Walsh on her Admiral defense of uh
0FiRGL9eL54-02019-00506700-00507016 Minister what in this issue I I just
0FiRGL9eL54-02020-00507017-00507257 want to say however at the the first
0FiRGL9eL54-02021-00507258-00507593 point I want to raise is this claim by
0FiRGL9eL54-02022-00507593-00507827 the government that this is the largest
0FiRGL9eL54-02023-00507828-00508091 investment in biosecurity in Australia's
0FiRGL9eL54-02024-00508092-00508427 history thanks be to the coalition
0FiRGL9eL54-02025-00508428-00508745 government thanks to the
0FiRGL9eL54-02026-00508746-00508972 coalition-winning government who made
0FiRGL9eL54-02027-00508973-00509303 sure we had 1.1 billion extra investment
0FiRGL9eL54-02028-00509304-00509501 in strengthening Australia's biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-02029-00509502-00509951 in the budget that funding has enabled
0FiRGL9eL54-02030-00509952-00510310 Minister what to be able to Resource Ada
0FiRGL9eL54-02031-00510312-00510527 in extra biosecurity officers even
0FiRGL9eL54-02032-00510528-00510803 though they're not yet on the ground he
0FiRGL9eL54-02033-00510804-00511031 shouldn't need to have waited for so
0FiRGL9eL54-02034-00511032-00511307 long for eight weeks because the funding
0FiRGL9eL54-02035-00511308-00511559 was already there thanks be to the
0FiRGL9eL54-02036-00511560-00511781 coalition government
0FiRGL9eL54-02037-00511782-00512081 and I also just want to address the
0FiRGL9eL54-02038-00512082-00512381 timeline issue that the claims that we
0FiRGL9eL54-02039-00512382-00512579 are fear-mongering
0FiRGL9eL54-02040-00512580-00513118 now like Senator canavan I also I live
0FiRGL9eL54-02041-00513119-00513425 on Australia's oldest single bloodline
0FiRGL9eL54-02042-00513426-00513814 sheep stud if fmd comes into this
0FiRGL9eL54-02043-00513815-00514085 country that sheep stud will be
0FiRGL9eL54-02044-00514085-00514193 devastated
0FiRGL9eL54-02045-00514193-00514457 just like Senator canavan's cattle
0FiRGL9eL54-02046-00514458-00514727 industry just like our dairy industry
0FiRGL9eL54-02047-00514728-00515020 our goat industry
0FiRGL9eL54-02048-00515021-00515347 we cannot actually
0FiRGL9eL54-02049-00515347-00515579 underestimate the impact that this
0FiRGL9eL54-02050-00515580-00515920 disease will have on our trade
0FiRGL9eL54-02051-00515921-00516112 you claim that we're impacting
0FiRGL9eL54-02052-00516113-00516395 negatively our trade markets well it
0FiRGL9eL54-02053-00516396-00516587 would be far more serious if this
0FiRGL9eL54-02054-00516588-00516809 disease actually encroaches our borders
0FiRGL9eL54-02055-00516810-00517055 and comes into our country which will
0FiRGL9eL54-02056-00517056-00517397 decimate our trade
0FiRGL9eL54-02057-00517397-00517685 I also just want to address Senator watt
0FiRGL9eL54-02058-00517685-00518003 in in his response to multiple questions
0FiRGL9eL54-02059-00518004-00518339 his inability to actually answer
0FiRGL9eL54-02060-00518339-00518662 anything properly what we've seen is a
0FiRGL9eL54-02061-00518663-00518981 lot of rhetoric I mean we saw Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-02062-00518982-00519283 Watt on return from Indonesia
0FiRGL9eL54-02063-00519284-00519659 tweet a fighter of himself disinfecting
0FiRGL9eL54-02064-00519660-00519781 his shoes
0FiRGL9eL54-02065-00519782-00520175 dying saying that she disinfection do
0FiRGL9eL54-02066-00520176-00520337 you have a Jesus was
0FiRGL9eL54-02067-00520338-00520643 being implemented now it must only be
0FiRGL9eL54-02068-00520643-00520955 being implemented for Minister what and
0FiRGL9eL54-02069-00520956-00521195 his touring party because no one else
0FiRGL9eL54-02070-00521196-00521614 has had to disinfect their shoes
0FiRGL9eL54-02071-00521615-00521951 so you know we'd like to see it it took
0FiRGL9eL54-02072-00521952-00522310 from us calling for foot baths or
0FiRGL9eL54-02073-00522312-00522514 sanitation mats or whatever you want to
0FiRGL9eL54-02074-00522515-00522749 Define it as but for us calling for that
0FiRGL9eL54-02075-00522750-00523127 on the 5th of July when the first cases
0FiRGL9eL54-02076-00523128-00523366 of foot and mouth were detected in Bali
0FiRGL9eL54-02077-00523367-00523720 it took until the 22nd of July for the
0FiRGL9eL54-02078-00523721-00523883 minister to actually announce it was
0FiRGL9eL54-02079-00523884-00524189 happening it took until the 25th of July
0FiRGL9eL54-02080-00524189-00524531 a full 20 days after we called for it
0FiRGL9eL54-02081-00524532-00524801 for even the first foot mat to be rolled
0FiRGL9eL54-02082-00524802-00524872 out
0FiRGL9eL54-02083-00524873-00525257 a passenger in Perth arriving at Perth
0FiRGL9eL54-02084-00525258-00525468 Airport over the weekend
0FiRGL9eL54-02085-00525469-00525791 asked about foot mats because they'd
0FiRGL9eL54-02086-00525792-00525959 read about it they said where's the foot
0FiRGL9eL54-02087-00525960-00526235 mat they were told
0FiRGL9eL54-02088-00526236-00526516 the aqueous people who were in charge of
0FiRGL9eL54-02089-00526517-00526714 implementing the foot Maps didn't work
0FiRGL9eL54-02090-00526715-00527212 on weekends that is why the delay
0FiRGL9eL54-02091-00527213-00527507 from the announcement on the 22nd to the
0FiRGL9eL54-02092-00527508-00527705 actual implementation on the 25th
0FiRGL9eL54-02093-00527706-00527987 because they didn't work on weekends
0FiRGL9eL54-02094-00527988-00528311 well imagine tell that to the farmers
0FiRGL9eL54-02095-00528312-00528653 who work each and every weekend who work
0FiRGL9eL54-02096-00528654-00528875 seven days a week
0FiRGL9eL54-02097-00528876-00529216 that their livelihoods need to be put on
0FiRGL9eL54-02098-00529217-00529366 hold because
0FiRGL9eL54-02099-00529367-00529799 our bureaucrats don't work on weekends
0FiRGL9eL54-02100-00529800-00530068 we have now heard even though he
0FiRGL9eL54-02101-00530069-00530237 couldn't answer the question when first
0FiRGL9eL54-02102-00530238-00530483 asked about how many passengers had come
0FiRGL9eL54-02103-00530484-00530705 since the 5th of July
0FiRGL9eL54-02104-00530706-00530981 what we did here was a breakdown of week
0FiRGL9eL54-02105-00530982-00531455 by week numbers but on average around 23
0FiRGL9eL54-02106-00531456-00531725 000 passengers are returning from
0FiRGL9eL54-02107-00531726-00532157 Indonesia and Bali every week
0FiRGL9eL54-02108-00532158-00532637 and yet 20 days delay for foot mats
0FiRGL9eL54-02109-00532638-00532907 we've also been calling for establishing
0FiRGL9eL54-02110-00532908-00533189 3D x-ray screening programs which again
0FiRGL9eL54-02111-00533190-00533416 have been funded under our strengthening
0FiRGL9eL54-02112-00533417-00533662 Australia's biosecurity
0FiRGL9eL54-02113-00533663-00533939 but where are they where are they where
0FiRGL9eL54-02114-00533940-00534305 are they and we also want to understand
0FiRGL9eL54-02115-00534306-00534661 what the risk level is and at what point
0FiRGL9eL54-02116-00534662-00534959 predicated on science we're not calling
0FiRGL9eL54-02117-00534960-00535216 for any Voodoo stuff but predicated on
0FiRGL9eL54-02118-00535217-00535535 science at what point we need stronger
0FiRGL9eL54-02119-00535536-00535709 we're going to put the questions in a
0FiRGL9eL54-02120-00535710-00535870 day I put the question those are the
0FiRGL9eL54-02121-00535871-00536033 questions say I against know the eyes
0FiRGL9eL54-02122-00536034-00536266 have it Senator Waters thanks very much
0FiRGL9eL54-02123-00536267-00536429 Deputy president and I were asked to
0FiRGL9eL54-02124-00536430-00536675 take note of the answer given by Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-02125-00536676-00536857 Wong to the question that I asked her
0FiRGL9eL54-02126-00536858-00537137 and I want to State at the outset that
0FiRGL9eL54-02127-00537138-00537341 the greens are in good and productive
0FiRGL9eL54-02128-00537342-00537514 negotiations with the government around
0FiRGL9eL54-02129-00537515-00537749 the climate targets bill but I did take
0FiRGL9eL54-02130-00537750-00537947 the opportunity today to ask the
0FiRGL9eL54-02131-00537948-00538168 government about their position on new
0FiRGL9eL54-02132-00538169-00538481 coal and gas and my first question to
0FiRGL9eL54-02133-00538482-00538649 Senator Wong was whether or not they
0FiRGL9eL54-02134-00538650-00538841 will continue the Morrison government's
0FiRGL9eL54-02135-00538842-00539177 policy of using public money to
0FiRGL9eL54-02136-00539178-00539489 subsidize opening new coal and gas mines
0FiRGL9eL54-02137-00539490-00539741 now obviously we can have a debate about
0FiRGL9eL54-02138-00539742-00539885 whether they should be open and we don't
0FiRGL9eL54-02139-00539886-00540089 think they should but I would hope that
0FiRGL9eL54-02140-00540090-00540268 no one thinks it's a good use of public
0FiRGL9eL54-02141-00540269-00540568 money to be opening new coal and gas
0FiRGL9eL54-02142-00540569-00540761 mines when we are in the middle of a
0FiRGL9eL54-02143-00540762-00540905 climate crisis and when this government
0FiRGL9eL54-02144-00540906-00541145 says we're too poor to do great things
0FiRGL9eL54-02145-00541146-00541366 like lift the rate of income support for
0FiRGL9eL54-02146-00541367-00541643 example so I put that to uh to Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-02147-00541644-00541781 Wong and I noted that the International
0FiRGL9eL54-02148-00541782-00541997 Energy agency has made it perfectly
0FiRGL9eL54-02149-00541998-00542243 clear that if we are to stick to one and
0FiRGL9eL54-02150-00542244-00542453 a half degrees of warming we can't open
0FiRGL9eL54-02151-00542454-00542759 any new coal or gas projects and
0FiRGL9eL54-02152-00542760-00542909 likewise if we're even to meet the
0FiRGL9eL54-02153-00542910-00543191 government's 2030 Net Zero Target which
0FiRGL9eL54-02154-00543192-00543383 is too little too late we still can't
0FiRGL9eL54-02155-00543384-00543718 open any new colon gas mines now Senator
0FiRGL9eL54-02156-00543719-00543989 Wong much to my dissatisfaction and
0FiRGL9eL54-02157-00543990-00544222 dismay seem to be making the argument
0FiRGL9eL54-02158-00544223-00544318 that
0FiRGL9eL54-02159-00544319-00544535 climate change isn't really Australia's
0FiRGL9eL54-02160-00544536-00544733 problem because those emissions from
0FiRGL9eL54-02161-00544734-00544966 that exported coal and gas under an
0FiRGL9eL54-02162-00544967-00545147 International Accounting agreement are
0FiRGL9eL54-02163-00545148-00545416 not on our books well I'm afraid the
0FiRGL9eL54-02164-00545417-00545579 climate doesn't care whose books they're
0FiRGL9eL54-02165-00545580-00545795 on and it's a bit of a nonsense argument
0FiRGL9eL54-02166-00545796-00546095 to say that we can open up new coal and
0FiRGL9eL54-02167-00546096-00546311 gas mines and have no impact on the
0FiRGL9eL54-02168-00546312-00546520 climate simply because we're exporting
0FiRGL9eL54-02169-00546521-00546772 that coal and gas so that argument
0FiRGL9eL54-02170-00546773-00546922 didn't wash with me and frankly I don't
0FiRGL9eL54-02171-00546923-00547175 think it would wash with anyone either
0FiRGL9eL54-02172-00547176-00547505 now I tried to then get an answer to the
0FiRGL9eL54-02173-00547506-00547649 question of whether or not this
0FiRGL9eL54-02174-00547650-00547816 government will keep giving public money
0FiRGL9eL54-02175-00547817-00548051 to open new coal and gas mines and
0FiRGL9eL54-02176-00548052-00548212 Senator Wong didn't answer at that point
0FiRGL9eL54-02177-00548213-00548447 so I pursued it again later
0FiRGL9eL54-02178-00548448-00548651 but I also asked about
0FiRGL9eL54-02179-00548652-00548861 given that the first duty of government
0FiRGL9eL54-02180-00548862-00549083 is to keep its people safe
0FiRGL9eL54-02181-00549084-00549311 what government in its right mind would
0FiRGL9eL54-02182-00549312-00549499 support opening
0FiRGL9eL54-02183-00549500-00549862 114 new coal and gas projects that are
0FiRGL9eL54-02184-00549863-00550085 currently in the pipeline and awaiting
0FiRGL9eL54-02185-00550086-00550366 approval now the response I got on that
0FiRGL9eL54-02186-00550367-00550643 one was that those projects would be
0FiRGL9eL54-02187-00550644-00550768 assessed under our existing
0FiRGL9eL54-02188-00550769-00550943 environmental laws now I am an
0FiRGL9eL54-02189-00550944-00551087 environmental lawyer so I know what our
0FiRGL9eL54-02190-00551088-00551279 environmental laws say and they don't
0FiRGL9eL54-02191-00551280-00551459 have a climate trigger in them they
0FiRGL9eL54-02192-00551460-00551741 don't require the impacts of a new Coal
0FiRGL9eL54-02193-00551742-00551993 Mine the climate impacts to be
0FiRGL9eL54-02194-00551994-00552197 considered when the ministers deciding
0FiRGL9eL54-02195-00552198-00552377 whether or not to approve that coal mine
0FiRGL9eL54-02196-00552378-00552629 they are John Howard's environmental
0FiRGL9eL54-02197-00552630-00552820 laws which tells you all you need to
0FiRGL9eL54-02198-00552821-00553055 know about how strong they are so I'm
0FiRGL9eL54-02199-00553056-00553235 afraid I'm not at all satisfied with the
0FiRGL9eL54-02200-00553236-00553457 response that these new coal and gas
0FiRGL9eL54-02201-00553458-00553607 projects will have to go through our
0FiRGL9eL54-02202-00553608-00553762 environmental laws because I know how
0FiRGL9eL54-02203-00553763-00553937 weak they are and I know how few
0FiRGL9eL54-02204-00553938-00554255 refusals have been issued in the 23
0FiRGL9eL54-02205-00554256-00554489 years of those environmental laws being
0FiRGL9eL54-02206-00554490-00554647 in existence
0FiRGL9eL54-02207-00554648-00554909 in my final supplementary I took the
0FiRGL9eL54-02208-00554910-00555114 opportunity to ask Senator Wong again
0FiRGL9eL54-02209-00555115-00555341 will this government keep giving public
0FiRGL9eL54-02210-00555342-00555568 money to open new coal and gas mines
0FiRGL9eL54-02211-00555569-00555701 because she hadn't answered it the first
0FiRGL9eL54-02212-00555702-00556033 time and we then had a very uh
0FiRGL9eL54-02213-00556034-00556312 excruciating minutes of Senator Wong
0FiRGL9eL54-02214-00556313-00556499 making the ironically true point that
0FiRGL9eL54-02215-00556500-00556697 there are so many different subsidies
0FiRGL9eL54-02216-00556698-00556859 for coal and gas which didn't know which
0FiRGL9eL54-02217-00556860-00557020 one I was asking about and therefore she
0FiRGL9eL54-02218-00557021-00557201 couldn't answer my question well how
0FiRGL9eL54-02219-00557202-00557464 ironic indeed that is true there are so
0FiRGL9eL54-02220-00557465-00557687 many different grants different direct
0FiRGL9eL54-02221-00557688-00557951 grants and different subsidies to coal
0FiRGL9eL54-02222-00557952-00558161 and gas that it is hard to keep track of
0FiRGL9eL54-02223-00558162-00558329 them but our Bean counters have done
0FiRGL9eL54-02224-00558330-00558562 that and in fact there are more than 11
0FiRGL9eL54-02225-00558563-00558911 billion dollars in public money every
0FiRGL9eL54-02226-00558912-00559127 year that is given to fossil fuel
0FiRGL9eL54-02227-00559128-00559445 companies in subsidies in things like
0FiRGL9eL54-02228-00559446-00559625 accelerated depreciation for Capital
0FiRGL9eL54-02229-00559626-00559841 Equipment in things like cheap diesel
0FiRGL9eL54-02230-00559842-00560129 fuel 11 billion dollars of public money
0FiRGL9eL54-02231-00560130-00560411 a year and yet and yet we're we're in
0FiRGL9eL54-02232-00560412-00560549 such a crisis that we're going to have
0FiRGL9eL54-02233-00560550-00560783 an austerity budget and we can't afford
0FiRGL9eL54-02234-00560784-00560933 to raise the rate of income support
0FiRGL9eL54-02235-00560934-00561107 can't afford to give free child care
0FiRGL9eL54-02236-00561108-00561293 can't afford to build enough affordable
0FiRGL9eL54-02237-00561294-00561503 housing to help people can't afford to
0FiRGL9eL54-02238-00561504-00561718 fully fund schools and hospitals and yet
0FiRGL9eL54-02239-00561719-00561989 can't afford to dish out 11 billion
0FiRGL9eL54-02240-00561990-00562193 dollars of public money every year in
0FiRGL9eL54-02241-00562194-00562475 freebies to coal and gas companies who
0FiRGL9eL54-02242-00562476-00562714 are making the climate crisis worse and
0FiRGL9eL54-02243-00562715-00563039 who are contributing to the cost of
0FiRGL9eL54-02244-00563040-00563320 climate change the csiro today issued a
0FiRGL9eL54-02245-00563321-00563645 figure saying that by 2050 we will spend
0FiRGL9eL54-02246-00563646-00563962 39 billion dollars every year in mopping
0FiRGL9eL54-02247-00563963-00564287 up from extreme weather events
0FiRGL9eL54-02248-00564288-00564472 you want to make an economic argument
0FiRGL9eL54-02249-00564473-00564737 about the climate crisis stop the fossil
0FiRGL9eL54-02250-00564738-00565018 fuel subsidies and save the money in
0FiRGL9eL54-02251-00565019-00565195 cleaning up after those devastating
0FiRGL9eL54-02252-00565196-00565445 fires and floods that wreak so much
0FiRGL9eL54-02253-00565446-00565672 Financial but emotional havoc on our
0FiRGL9eL54-02254-00565673-00565925 communities and on nature so I'm afraid
0FiRGL9eL54-02255-00565926-00566105 we've got a long way to go and it seems
0FiRGL9eL54-02256-00566106-00566261 that the fossil fuel companies are still
0FiRGL9eL54-02257-00566262-00566477 in charge of the two big parties thanks
0FiRGL9eL54-02258-00566478-00566662 to the very generous political donations
0FiRGL9eL54-02259-00566663-00566885 that they continue to make to both big
0FiRGL9eL54-02260-00566886-00567064 parties thank you Senator Waters your
0FiRGL9eL54-02261-00567065-00567262 time has expired so the question is the
0FiRGL9eL54-02262-00567263-00567437 motion is moved by Senator Waters be
0FiRGL9eL54-02263-00567438-00567659 agreed to those of that opinion say I
0FiRGL9eL54-02264-00567660-00568106 Against I believe the eyes have it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00000-00017936-00018135 good afternoon everybody and i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-00001-00018136-00018335 delighted to welcome you to the second
0FoHHXPY-8y-00002-00018336-00018591 in our series of three webinars um on
0FoHHXPY-8y-00003-00018592-00018758 the topic of how to read
0FoHHXPY-8y-00004-00018759-00018958 a cancer genome for those of you that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00005-00018959-00019119 don't know me my name is terry mcveigh
0FoHHXPY-8y-00006-00019120-00019286 i'm a consultant clinical geneticist in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00007-00019287-00019447 the royal marsden
0FoHHXPY-8y-00008-00019448-00019591 i'll start off just with a little bit of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00009-00019592-00019727 housekeeping
0FoHHXPY-8y-00010-00019728-00019958 so for those of you who tuned into our
0FoHHXPY-8y-00011-00019959-00020222 amazing webinar last week the recording
0FoHHXPY-8y-00012-00020223-00020455 is now available so you can re-watch it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00013-00020456-00020607 or watch it for the first time if you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00014-00020608-00020791 didn't get an opportunity to tune in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00015-00020792-00020975 we're going to put the link in our chat
0FoHHXPY-8y-00016-00020976-00021239 box and so you can you can review that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00017-00021240-00021327 later
0FoHHXPY-8y-00018-00021328-00021535 and for those of you who have joined you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00019-00021536-00021703 should all be muted and your camera
0FoHHXPY-8y-00020-00021704-00021847 should be off and we'd appreciate if you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00021-00021848-00022103 could keep those off for the duration
0FoHHXPY-8y-00022-00022104-00022303 if you've any questions please post them
0FoHHXPY-8y-00023-00022304-00022494 in the q a box and we'll go through them
0FoHHXPY-8y-00024-00022495-00022767 at the end of of the talk and so please
0FoHHXPY-8y-00025-00022768-00022991 don't use the chat uh function if you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00026-00022992-00023158 can avoid it at all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00027-00023159-00023447 um so i'm delighted to introduce
0FoHHXPY-8y-00028-00023448-00023742 professor nixon or zanel sorry
0FoHHXPY-8y-00029-00023743-00024071 who um is an a nihr research professor
0FoHHXPY-8y-00030-00024072-00024239 in the university of cambridge she's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00031-00024240-00024407 also an honorary consultant in clinical
0FoHHXPY-8y-00032-00024408-00024663 genetics in the east of england gmsa
0FoHHXPY-8y-00033-00024664-00024750 she's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00034-00024751-00025047 a superstar in uh the realm of cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00035-00025048-00025278 research um internationally renowned
0FoHHXPY-8y-00036-00025279-00025542 particularly for her work on mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00037-00025543-00025767 signatures and their application to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00038-00025768-00026031 clinical practice and today's topic is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00039-00026032-00026199 the tertiary analysis beyond driver
0FoHHXPY-8y-00040-00026200-00026343 mutations
0FoHHXPY-8y-00041-00026344-00026479 i could go on all day about your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00042-00026480-00026614 accolade serena but i don't want to eat
0FoHHXPY-8y-00043-00026616-00026862 into your talk so i'll hand over to you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00044-00026863-00027167 and we'll see after thanks so much
0FoHHXPY-8y-00045-00027168-00027335 thank you so much terry for that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00046-00027336-00027723 introduction um and i'm gonna share my
0FoHHXPY-8y-00047-00027724-00028351 slides hopefully
0FoHHXPY-8y-00048-00028352-00028567 there i hope you can see my slides
0FoHHXPY-8y-00049-00028568-00028735 yeah great okie dokie so thank you so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00050-00028736-00028839 much terry for that very kind
0FoHHXPY-8y-00051-00028839-00029055 introduction slightly embarrassing um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00052-00029056-00029495 and i uh hope that um you attendees
0FoHHXPY-8y-00053-00029495-00029679 today are here to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00054-00029680-00029855 listen about
0FoHHXPY-8y-00055-00029856-00030031 tertiary analytics beyond somatic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00056-00030032-00030318 drivers so just as a bit of a recap on
0FoHHXPY-8y-00057-00030319-00030551 the first webinar we covered the basic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00058-00030552-00030774 principles of cancer genomics and then
0FoHHXPY-8y-00059-00030775-00031039 primary and secondary analyses in cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00060-00031039-00031335 genomics which is how to qc data how to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00061-00031336-00031487 look at
0FoHHXPY-8y-00062-00031488-00031727 the outputs from
0FoHHXPY-8y-00063-00031727-00031902 mutation calling
0FoHHXPY-8y-00064-00031903-00032046 and then we touched on the first bit of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00065-00032047-00032207 tertiary analysis which is to look at
0FoHHXPY-8y-00066-00032208-00032487 driver mutations those mutations that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00067-00032488-00032670 are believed to be causative for for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00068-00032672-00032943 cancer now i fully recognize that i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00069-00032944-00033262 didn't cover um point 1.4 which was on
0FoHHXPY-8y-00070-00033263-00033431 the digital nature of ngs and how to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00071-00033432-00033599 look at it in terms of cancer evolution
0FoHHXPY-8y-00072-00033600-00033799 if i have time i'll cover it today
0FoHHXPY-8y-00073-00033800-00034102 otherwise i'll add it into webinar three
0FoHHXPY-8y-00074-00034103-00034262 but today i thought we would carry on in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00075-00034263-00034502 that tertiary analysis area which is to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00076-00034503-00034751 go into tertiary analysis beyond drivers
0FoHHXPY-8y-00077-00034752-00034951 which is on mutation signature so all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00078-00034952-00035143 the thousands and thousands of passenger
0FoHHXPY-8y-00079-00035144-00035390 mutations that are in a cancer genome um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00080-00035391-00035574 there are five sections i'll break it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00081-00035575-00035774 down for you now and say the first bits
0FoHHXPY-8y-00082-00035775-00036030 really straightforward the point two
0FoHHXPY-8y-00083-00036031-00036183 point two and two point three is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00084-00036184-00036374 probably a little bit more intense in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00085-00036375-00036583 terms of content so you just have to pay
0FoHHXPY-8y-00086-00036584-00036799 attention at that point
0FoHHXPY-8y-00087-00036800-00036983 um i will highlight the clinically
0FoHHXPY-8y-00088-00036984-00037151 relevant sections as i did before with
0FoHHXPY-8y-00089-00037152-00037455 my little green person um and then in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00090-00037456-00037655 section 2.4 and 2.5 that's probably
0FoHHXPY-8y-00091-00037656-00037774 where the most clinically relevant
0FoHHXPY-8y-00092-00037775-00037974 information is there will be a summary
0FoHHXPY-8y-00093-00037975-00038167 table to help you and then you know if
0FoHHXPY-8y-00094-00038168-00038302 you're really interested in the details
0FoHHXPY-8y-00095-00038303-00038630 that's what section 2.5 is okay so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00096-00038631-00038862 let's start on 2.1
0FoHHXPY-8y-00097-00038863-00039030 um so mutational signature analyses have
0FoHHXPY-8y-00098-00039031-00039207 now become a really expected part of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00099-00039208-00039455 genomic studies because they can reveal
0FoHHXPY-8y-00100-00039456-00039702 environmental and androgynous sources of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00101-00039703-00039927 metagenesis in each tumor and that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00102-00039928-00040071 because um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00103-00040072-00040302 as a cell turns from a normal cell to a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00104-00040303-00040511 cancer cell it's quietly accumulating
0FoHHXPY-8y-00105-00040512-00040711 mutations all the time in fact as you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00106-00040712-00040927 sit here listening to me you are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00107-00040928-00041151 accumulating mutations as well so some
0FoHHXPY-8y-00108-00041152-00041439 mutagenic processes in your dna it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00109-00041440-00041687 perfectly normal um but there are other
0FoHHXPY-8y-00110-00041688-00041862 mitogenic processes that perhaps a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00111-00041863-00042207 little less normal so if you expose the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00112-00042208-00042455 dna in your cells to environmental
0FoHHXPY-8y-00113-00042456-00042767 agents like tobacco smoke or a lot of uv
0FoHHXPY-8y-00114-00042768-00043055 light then you might cause quite
0FoHHXPY-8y-00115-00043056-00043279 particular mutation patterns in the dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-00116-00043280-00043446 of those cells
0FoHHXPY-8y-00117-00043447-00043751 now you might have um an immunogenic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00118-00043752-00044046 disorder you might have uh be working in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00119-00044047-00044207 an area where you have occupational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00120-00044208-00044423 exposures in bursts so you might
0FoHHXPY-8y-00121-00044424-00044646 not have a continuous flow of dna damage
0FoHHXPY-8y-00122-00044647-00044879 but it might be occurring in sort of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00123-00044880-00045079 little spurts
0FoHHXPY-8y-00124-00045080-00045367 but we all have dna repair pathways that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00125-00045368-00045567 usually mitigate this damage so i think
0FoHHXPY-8y-00126-00045568-00045751 the point to take home here is that dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-00127-00045752-00045927 damage is happening all the time it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00128-00045928-00046167 perfectly normal to have dna damage but
0FoHHXPY-8y-00129-00046168-00046430 we have an extensive set of dna repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00130-00046431-00046551 pathways that are supposed to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00131-00046552-00046783 repairing all that damage
0FoHHXPY-8y-00132-00046784-00047071 but sometimes we can acquire a dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-00133-00047072-00047302 repair abnormality or as a lot of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00134-00047303-00047479 clinical geneticists will know some
0FoHHXPY-8y-00135-00047480-00047718 people are born i have inherited
0FoHHXPY-8y-00136-00047719-00047911 mutations in in genes that are involved
0FoHHXPY-8y-00137-00047912-00048143 in dna repair pathways and so you might
0FoHHXPY-8y-00138-00048144-00048302 have a propensity to accumulate
0FoHHXPY-8y-00139-00048303-00048551 mutations as a result of the failure of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00140-00048552-00048686 dna repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00141-00048687-00048886 so each one of these mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00142-00048887-00049151 processes will in theory leave a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00143-00049152-00049358 characteristic imprint that we call a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00144-00049359-00049583 signature a mutational signature on the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00145-00049584-00049807 genome but when you sequence it cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00146-00049808-00050046 genome what you get is a final portrait
0FoHHXPY-8y-00147-00050047-00050262 it's a composite of all the different
0FoHHXPY-8y-00148-00050263-00050462 mutational signatures and it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00149-00050463-00050639 function of the amount of all of those
0FoHHXPY-8y-00150-00050640-00050895 signatures um that have occurred through
0FoHHXPY-8y-00151-00050896-00051055 tumeric genesis
0FoHHXPY-8y-00152-00051056-00051302 um and so you know unsurprisingly in the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00153-00051303-00051526 past when people have sequenced genomes
0FoHHXPY-8y-00154-00051527-00051687 they've always just thought of these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00155-00051688-00051870 what looks like a random collection of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00156-00051871-00052135 mutations as just bystander passenger
0FoHHXPY-8y-00157-00052136-00052407 events they're just mutational debris
0FoHHXPY-8y-00158-00052408-00052726 but in fact if you have many of these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00159-00052727-00052950 sequenced cancer genomes together
0FoHHXPY-8y-00160-00052951-00053094 particularly if they're of the same
0FoHHXPY-8y-00161-00053095-00053375 tumor type you can try to figure out
0FoHHXPY-8y-00162-00053376-00053535 what are the signatures that are in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00163-00053536-00053791 common in many different tumors and also
0FoHHXPY-8y-00164-00053791-00054071 even figure the amount of the exposures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00165-00054072-00054311 um of these different mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00166-00054312-00054519 signatures so i'm not going to introduce
0FoHHXPY-8y-00167-00054520-00054711 to you some of the mathematical concepts
0FoHHXPY-8y-00168-00054712-00054903 but actually it's really simple so just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00169-00054904-00055079 bear with me here
0FoHHXPY-8y-00170-00055079-00055303 the terms that we tend to use is that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00171-00055304-00055479 the mutational profile that you get out
0FoHHXPY-8y-00172-00055479-00055703 the other side is called the catalog
0FoHHXPY-8y-00173-00055704-00055823 the patterns itself are called the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00174-00055824-00056054 signatures which is s and then the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00175-00056055-00056247 amounts of each of the signature is what
0FoHHXPY-8y-00176-00056248-00056542 we call an exposure now you will hear in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00177-00056544-00056742 the mathematical community they may
0FoHHXPY-8y-00178-00056744-00056950 refer to this as an activity or a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00179-00056951-00057166 contribution but it's basically the same
0FoHHXPY-8y-00180-00057167-00057311 thing it's basically the amount of each
0FoHHXPY-8y-00181-00057312-00057566 signature so c is catalog s is signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00182-00057567-00057726 and e is exposure
0FoHHXPY-8y-00183-00057727-00057879 now i can present that in a slightly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00184-00057879-00058015 different way
0FoHHXPY-8y-00185-00058016-00058199 so if i take all the mutations and i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00186-00058200-00058382 count that up count them up and i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00187-00058383-00058654 classify them like this this is just the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00188-00058655-00058879 simple basic way of classifying
0FoHHXPY-8y-00189-00058879-00059054 substitution mutations i get this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00190-00059055-00059382 pattern this is the total mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00191-00059383-00059671 profile from one sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00192-00059672-00059926 and i want to break that down into
0FoHHXPY-8y-00193-00059927-00060199 different signatures so these are the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00194-00060200-00060423 different signatures that have occurred
0FoHHXPY-8y-00195-00060424-00060735 and contributed and caused this sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00196-00060736-00060919 now these signatures are also a function
0FoHHXPY-8y-00197-00060920-00061175 of how much of each of them this patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-00198-00061176-00061391 has so signature one here is a thousand
0FoHHXPY-8y-00199-00061391-00061575 mutations there's one thousand of this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00200-00061576-00061791 signature this one and a half thousand
0FoHHXPY-8y-00201-00061791-00062054 of this signature and the 750 of this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00202-00062055-00062247 signature this is what catalog
0FoHHXPY-8y-00203-00062248-00062542 signatures and exposures mean um and you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00204-00062544-00062742 saw that previous image of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00205-00062744-00062926 visualization of what that looks like
0FoHHXPY-8y-00206-00062927-00063294 it's actually such a simple function
0FoHHXPY-8y-00207-00063295-00063463 i think a lot of people really worry
0FoHHXPY-8y-00208-00063464-00063582 about mutational signatures being
0FoHHXPY-8y-00209-00063583-00063830 complex it's really really quite simple
0FoHHXPY-8y-00210-00063832-00064006 so that's all it is you'll remember this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00211-00064007-00064399 forever now this is for a single sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00212-00064400-00064647 the same principle can apply if you have
0FoHHXPY-8y-00213-00064648-00064903 more than one sample so let's say we
0FoHHXPY-8y-00214-00064904-00065047 have 20 samples which i'm going to show
0FoHHXPY-8y-00215-00065048-00065238 you in the next slide
0FoHHXPY-8y-00216-00065239-00065415 it's the same thing it's it's 20
0FoHHXPY-8y-00217-00065416-00065567 different samples we just counted up all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00218-00065568-00065759 of the mutations but when you have many
0FoHHXPY-8y-00219-00065760-00065943 many samples together we tend to call it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00220-00065944-00066223 an air capital m instead of a capital c
0FoHHXPY-8y-00221-00066224-00066375 but it's still catalogued it's still
0FoHHXPY-8y-00222-00066376-00066638 counts of every single sample and again
0FoHHXPY-8y-00223-00066639-00066935 we're trying to identify the signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00224-00066936-00067055 these are the signatures that have
0FoHHXPY-8y-00225-00067056-00067263 contributed to these samples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00226-00067264-00067503 the process by which we identify the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00227-00067504-00067815 signatures is called an extraction that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00228-00067816-00068031 is when we are estimating the number of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00229-00068032-00068279 signatures and what they look like in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00230-00068280-00068438 these samples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00231-00068439-00068647 and then the the next thing we can do is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00232-00068648-00068879 quantify the amount of these signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00233-00068880-00069087 this is called an assignment so an
0FoHHXPY-8y-00234-00069088-00069367 assignment is when we estimate how much
0FoHHXPY-8y-00235-00069368-00069575 of each of these signatures is present
0FoHHXPY-8y-00236-00069576-00069806 in each sample so here we have 20
0FoHHXPY-8y-00237-00069807-00069911 samples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00238-00069912-00070103 and here we have the 20 sets of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00239-00070104-00070367 exposures of each of those samples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00240-00070368-00070535 telling us about the amount of each of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00241-00070536-00070750 these five signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00242-00070751-00071023 so in fact if you take nothing else home
0FoHHXPY-8y-00243-00071024-00071223 today this is all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00244-00071224-00071415 this is what i want you to be able to to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00245-00071416-00071679 understand that the mutational catalog
0FoHHXPY-8y-00246-00071680-00071935 the final count of mutations is just a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00247-00071936-00072175 function of what signatures are in them
0FoHHXPY-8y-00248-00072176-00072335 and how much of each signature is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00249-00072336-00072511 present in each sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00250-00072512-00072831 m is equal to s multiplied by e
0FoHHXPY-8y-00251-00072832-00073062 okay so that is just a principle
0FoHHXPY-8y-00252-00073063-00073238 and um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00253-00073239-00073543 while i will go through um the steps of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00254-00073544-00073791 extractions and assignments the main
0FoHHXPY-8y-00255-00073792-00073943 thing i want you to take away today as
0FoHHXPY-8y-00256-00073944-00074126 well as a clinician is the most
0FoHHXPY-8y-00257-00074127-00074223 important thing for you is the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00258-00074224-00074367 assignment okay don't worry about the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00259-00074368-00074494 extraction the extractions a lot of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00260-00074495-00074679 mathematics and a lot of the people in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00261-00074680-00074823 the community the academic community
0FoHHXPY-8y-00262-00074824-00075031 will do that for you but you when you're
0FoHHXPY-8y-00263-00075032-00075206 facing your patient and you get the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00264-00075207-00075399 cancer genome what you need to know is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00265-00075400-00075550 is the assignment any good and we will
0FoHHXPY-8y-00266-00075551-00075679 but i will go through both of those
0FoHHXPY-8y-00267-00075680-00075767 steps
0FoHHXPY-8y-00268-00075768-00075943 okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-00269-00075944-00076079 so let me just tell you a little bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00270-00076080-00076223 about what a signature looks like
0FoHHXPY-8y-00271-00076224-00076382 because i showed you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00272-00076383-00076631 this version of mutation counts which is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00273-00076632-00076791 the six main channels and there's six
0FoHHXPY-8y-00274-00076792-00077006 channels um because these are the six
0FoHHXPY-8y-00275-00077007-00077262 types of bass substitutions but in fact
0FoHHXPY-8y-00276-00077263-00077503 you could go a step further and classify
0FoHHXPY-8y-00277-00077504-00077647 them a little bit in taking a little bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00278-00077648-00077775 more information into account you can
0FoHHXPY-8y-00279-00077776-00077982 take into account um the neighbors so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00280-00077983-00078175 five prime base and three prime base of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00281-00078176-00078447 which there's four possibilities acgt
0FoHHXPY-8y-00282-00078448-00078671 and acgt
0FoHHXPY-8y-00283-00078672-00079062 and so 4 by 4 is 16 16 multiplied by 6
0FoHHXPY-8y-00284-00079063-00079375 gives you 96 channels the signature is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00285-00079376-00079775 the entire 96 channel pattern
0FoHHXPY-8y-00286-00079776-00079887 and it has certain dominant
0FoHHXPY-8y-00287-00079888-00080031 characteristics which we'll go to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00288-00080032-00080215 shortly but but the point is that the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00289-00080216-00080447 signature is actually the whole thing
0FoHHXPY-8y-00290-00080448-00080726 um now my slides are having a little bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00291-00080727-00080887 of a life of their own
0FoHHXPY-8y-00292-00080888-00081062 now i've told you about substitutions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00293-00081063-00081223 but there are other classes of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00294-00081224-00081367 signatures as well because there's other
0FoHHXPY-8y-00295-00081368-00081591 mutation types so we have double
0FoHHXPY-8y-00296-00081592-00081879 substitutions which have 78 channels
0FoHHXPY-8y-00297-00081880-00082031 there are rearrangement signatures which
0FoHHXPY-8y-00298-00082032-00082255 have 32 channels
0FoHHXPY-8y-00299-00082256-00082438 a channel simply means the sort of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00300-00082439-00082543 numbers of ways that you can
0FoHHXPY-8y-00301-00082544-00082759 characterize things and unhelpfully in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00302-00082760-00082935 the academic community you might find
0FoHHXPY-8y-00303-00082936-00083071 that people will change the number of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00304-00083072-00083303 channels and sometimes if they don't
0FoHHXPY-8y-00305-00083304-00083655 have enough data to spread across the 96
0FoHHXPY-8y-00306-00083656-00083935 or the 78 or the 32 channels they might
0FoHHXPY-8y-00307-00083936-00084167 use something a little bit simpler it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00308-00084168-00084431 the same information it's just that it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00309-00084432-00084743 has been um correct being sort of put
0FoHHXPY-8y-00310-00084744-00084926 together in a slightly just added
0FoHHXPY-8y-00311-00084927-00085111 together collapsed down
0FoHHXPY-8y-00312-00085112-00085206 into
0FoHHXPY-8y-00313-00085207-00085399 fewer channels in order to increase
0FoHHXPY-8y-00314-00085400-00085511 power
0FoHHXPY-8y-00315-00085512-00085750 so those are the channels of signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00316-00085751-00085911 i'm just going to show you some examples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00317-00085912-00086111 of what signatures look like so this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00318-00086112-00086262 a very well known signature called
0FoHHXPY-8y-00319-00086263-00086415 signature one it was the first one that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00320-00086416-00086662 was found and this is caused by
0FoHHXPY-8y-00321-00086663-00086894 deamination of methyl cytosine is when c
0FoHHXPY-8y-00322-00086895-00087215 to you get cts at methyl cpgs
0FoHHXPY-8y-00323-00087216-00087406 and this is another form of deamination
0FoHHXPY-8y-00324-00087407-00087647 caused by aquabacks
0FoHHXPY-8y-00325-00087648-00087806 which because of deferring repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00326-00087807-00087991 pathways can result in two different
0FoHHXPY-8y-00327-00087992-00088215 outcomes but all of these are perfectly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00328-00088216-00088406 natural and happening in all your normal
0FoHHXPY-8y-00329-00088407-00088606 cells all the time
0FoHHXPY-8y-00330-00088607-00088815 these are signatures that are due to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00331-00088816-00089038 environmental agents this is uv light
0FoHHXPY-8y-00332-00089039-00089191 this is due to tobacco smoke and this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00333-00089192-00089511 due to erythrolycic acid and actually
0FoHHXPY-8y-00334-00089512-00089647 well before
0FoHHXPY-8y-00335-00089648-00089903 whole genome sequencing was it came to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00336-00089904-00090103 light these patterns were actually shown
0FoHHXPY-8y-00337-00090104-00090479 by others in the 1980s and 1990s in sort
0FoHHXPY-8y-00338-00090480-00090679 of gene reporter essays so although the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00339-00090680-00090911 signatures help us to see things in a 96
0FoHHXPY-8y-00340-00090912-00091150 channel context in fact a lot of it was
0FoHHXPY-8y-00341-00091151-00091294 shown from
0FoHHXPY-8y-00342-00091295-00091462 way back uh you know before next
0FoHHXPY-8y-00343-00091463-00091679 generation sequencing technology was
0FoHHXPY-8y-00344-00091680-00091871 available we've just been able to to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00345-00091872-00092047 increase the granularity on these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00346-00092048-00092199 signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00347-00092200-00092479 okay so um there was section one all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00348-00092480-00092711 covered already um so you should by the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00349-00092712-00092831 end of that know what a mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00350-00092832-00092999 signature is and be able to explain it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00351-00093000-00093206 mathematically which is c is equal to s
0FoHHXPY-8y-00352-00093207-00093431 times e if you have many samples and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00353-00093432-00093694 it's just m is equal to s times e
0FoHHXPY-8y-00354-00093695-00093831 um and then what's the difference
0FoHHXPY-8y-00355-00093832-00094006 between an extraction and an assignment
0FoHHXPY-8y-00356-00094007-00094215 an extraction you're actually trying to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00357-00094216-00094438 identify the signatures and in the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00358-00094439-00094591 assignment you're trying to figure out
0FoHHXPY-8y-00359-00094592-00094782 how much of each signature is present in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00360-00094783-00094982 each sample and then i explained the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00361-00094983-00095143 different channels in a mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00362-00095144-00095399 signature so this is all just some prior
0FoHHXPY-8y-00363-00095400-00095567 knowledge we're not going to go into a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00364-00095568-00095791 bit more of the detail on extracting
0FoHHXPY-8y-00365-00095792-00096023 mutational signatures so this is rather
0FoHHXPY-8y-00366-00096024-00096215 academic so if you want to put your pen
0FoHHXPY-8y-00367-00096216-00096374 down that's fine
0FoHHXPY-8y-00368-00096375-00096535 but i think helpful for you to just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00369-00096536-00096782 understand this process okay because
0FoHHXPY-8y-00370-00096783-00097006 people do sort of um have questions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00371-00097007-00097262 about how robust this process is so i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00372-00097263-00097438 think this is really uh for your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00373-00097439-00097599 knowledge
0FoHHXPY-8y-00374-00097600-00097831 so you saw this already i'm given a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00375-00097832-00098087 collection of mutational catalogues here
0FoHHXPY-8y-00376-00098088-00098438 m we use different algorithms and there
0FoHHXPY-8y-00377-00098439-00098567 are about
0FoHHXPY-8y-00378-00098568-00098750 six or seven different algorithms now to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00379-00098751-00099071 be able to decompose these matrices this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00380-00099072-00099247 is a matrix
0FoHHXPY-8y-00381-00099248-00099438 to infer the set of mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00382-00099439-00099694 signatures which are recurrent across
0FoHHXPY-8y-00383-00099695-00099967 multiple samples and then to estimate
0FoHHXPY-8y-00384-00099968-00100159 the relative contribution of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00385-00100160-00100318 exposures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00386-00100319-00100511 for each sample so that's what we're
0FoHHXPY-8y-00387-00100512-00100638 trying to do
0FoHHXPY-8y-00388-00100639-00100871 now i'm going to show you a slightly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00389-00100872-00101023 complex version of this this is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00390-00101024-00101143 version you might see in some of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00391-00101144-00101382 mathematical papers it's the same
0FoHHXPY-8y-00392-00101383-00101582 information just shown in a slightly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00393-00101583-00101759 different way these are the mutations in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00394-00101760-00101935 your 96 channels and here are your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00395-00101936-00102087 patients three different patients here
0FoHHXPY-8y-00396-00102088-00102223 for example
0FoHHXPY-8y-00397-00102224-00102415 here are the signatures we want to find
0FoHHXPY-8y-00398-00102416-00102639 and we're going to show how much of each
0FoHHXPY-8y-00399-00102640-00102958 signature is present in each sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00400-00102959-00103199 now this is a process that can produce
0FoHHXPY-8y-00401-00103200-00103494 multiple solutions so when i take this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00402-00103495-00103647 and i put it through an algorithm i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00403-00103648-00103854 could get one solution but i could get
0FoHHXPY-8y-00404-00103855-00104127 another solution in fact i could get any
0FoHHXPY-8y-00405-00104128-00104263 number of solutions depending on how
0FoHHXPY-8y-00406-00104264-00104623 many times i want to run this exercise
0FoHHXPY-8y-00407-00104624-00104799 to know whether your signatures are any
0FoHHXPY-8y-00408-00104800-00104983 good and whether it's not just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00409-00104983-00105151 mathematical hocus pocus there are a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00410-00105152-00105343 number of things that you can do to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00411-00105344-00105639 check that it is actually robust and one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00412-00105640-00105839 of the things we do is to perform
0FoHHXPY-8y-00413-00105840-00106199 clustering of these signatures from all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00414-00106200-00106358 the solutions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00415-00106359-00106599 because in fact if signature a is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00416-00106600-00106854 reproducible robust and consistent
0FoHHXPY-8y-00417-00106855-00107086 signatures signature then no matter how
0FoHHXPY-8y-00418-00107088-00107263 many times you do it it should still be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00419-00107264-00107351 there
0FoHHXPY-8y-00420-00107352-00107510 so if you run it 100 times and you find
0FoHHXPY-8y-00421-00107511-00107647 that across 100 times you're still
0FoHHXPY-8y-00422-00107648-00107839 getting the same signature you know this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00423-00107840-00108063 is a this is a good signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00424-00108064-00108207 whereas if you run it several times you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00425-00108208-00108439 find b here is called once but it's not
0FoHHXPY-8y-00426-00108440-00108702 seen ever again then perhaps this is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00427-00108703-00108934 less robust signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00428-00108935-00109086 so this is a process which is an
0FoHHXPY-8y-00429-00109088-00109239 iterative process
0FoHHXPY-8y-00430-00109240-00109431 that's the first thing we do we check
0FoHHXPY-8y-00431-00109432-00109639 whether it is reproducible across
0FoHHXPY-8y-00432-00109640-00109775 multiple runs
0FoHHXPY-8y-00433-00109776-00109975 the second thing we do is to do
0FoHHXPY-8y-00434-00109976-00110215 something called a reconstruction
0FoHHXPY-8y-00435-00110216-00110415 based on the signatures and the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00436-00110416-00110678 exposures for each patient we will
0FoHHXPY-8y-00437-00110679-00110895 reconstruct that catalog because this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00438-00110896-00111023 just mathematics right you can go
0FoHHXPY-8y-00439-00111024-00111175 backwards and forwards
0FoHHXPY-8y-00440-00111176-00111390 so given this potential solution i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-00441-00111391-00111590 going to try to reproduce that this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00442-00111591-00111878 what we call a reconstructed catalog
0FoHHXPY-8y-00443-00111879-00112086 then we compare it to the original
0FoHHXPY-8y-00444-00112088-00112334 catalog and actually if we just ignore
0FoHHXPY-8y-00445-00112335-00112502 the math and just look at them using the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00446-00112503-00112710 organic interface you'll find that they
0FoHHXPY-8y-00447-00112711-00112910 actually look rather similar which is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00448-00112911-00112999 good
0FoHHXPY-8y-00449-00113000-00113166 now there will be differences as you can
0FoHHXPY-8y-00450-00113167-00113278 see the total number that's been
0FoHHXPY-8y-00451-00113279-00113478 reconstructed here is fewer than the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00452-00113479-00113663 original catalog and so there is an
0FoHHXPY-8y-00453-00113664-00113895 error there is a set of unassigned
0FoHHXPY-8y-00454-00113896-00114119 mutations or residuals
0FoHHXPY-8y-00455-00114120-00114286 and what you'd really like to do is to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00456-00114288-00114478 minimize the number of unassigned
0FoHHXPY-8y-00457-00114479-00114719 mutations minimize that error minimize
0FoHHXPY-8y-00458-00114720-00114902 that residual so that your reconstructed
0FoHHXPY-8y-00459-00114903-00115175 catalog mimics your original catalog as
0FoHHXPY-8y-00460-00115176-00115334 far as possible
0FoHHXPY-8y-00461-00115335-00115551 and you do this iteratively and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00462-00115552-00115766 basically
0FoHHXPY-8y-00463-00115767-00115910 we use the information from the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00464-00115911-00116095 clustering so in red it's how
0FoHHXPY-8y-00465-00116096-00116343 reproducible the signatures are and in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00466-00116344-00116590 blue it's a measure of how
0FoHHXPY-8y-00467-00116591-00116823 low the reconstruction can be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00468-00116824-00117071 and the solution that we choose for an
0FoHHXPY-8y-00469-00117072-00117286 extraction is based on when the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00470-00117288-00117566 reproducibility drops and when the error
0FoHHXPY-8y-00471-00117567-00117719 starts to increase
0FoHHXPY-8y-00472-00117720-00117910 this is the general principle that we
0FoHHXPY-8y-00473-00117911-00118175 use to try to estimate the number of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00474-00118176-00118399 signatures in a sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00475-00118400-00118639 and while this looks really clear
0FoHHXPY-8y-00476-00118640-00118878 the reality is is not always this clear
0FoHHXPY-8y-00477-00118879-00118975 okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-00478-00118976-00119166 so but i wouldn't worry about it in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00479-00119167-00119271 general
0FoHHXPY-8y-00480-00119272-00119423 um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00481-00119424-00119631 the total number of signatures that are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00482-00119632-00119719 found
0FoHHXPY-8y-00483-00119720-00119902 um you know let's say the answer should
0FoHHXPY-8y-00484-00119903-00120119 be 10 but you've chosen 11 or you've
0FoHHXPY-8y-00485-00120120-00120247 chosen nine
0FoHHXPY-8y-00486-00120248-00120614 in general the big important signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00487-00120615-00120854 that matter to the patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-00488-00120855-00121063 you will find because they tend to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00489-00121064-00121310 quite clear if something is a little bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00490-00121311-00121551 weak then you're probably you probably
0FoHHXPY-8y-00491-00121552-00121734 haven't got that signature in the sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00492-00121735-00122014 okay so in general even if you are one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00493-00122015-00122278 off it's probably fine
0FoHHXPY-8y-00494-00122279-00122454 okay so that is the extraction process
0FoHHXPY-8y-00495-00122455-00122719 i'm just not going to to sort of um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00496-00122720-00122886 highlight some of the reasons some of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00497-00122888-00123134 the caveats that the extraction why
0FoHHXPY-8y-00498-00123135-00123302 about why the extraction process isn't
0FoHHXPY-8y-00499-00123303-00123471 that perfect
0FoHHXPY-8y-00500-00123472-00123583 so the first thing to say is the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00501-00123583-00123823 mutational signatures don't all behave
0FoHHXPY-8y-00502-00123824-00123966 in the same way
0FoHHXPY-8y-00503-00123967-00124134 some are subject to more uncertainty
0FoHHXPY-8y-00504-00124135-00124319 than others because this is biology
0FoHHXPY-8y-00505-00124320-00124534 things are never equally behaved things
0FoHHXPY-8y-00506-00124535-00124758 never behave in the in an equal way
0FoHHXPY-8y-00507-00124759-00124927 so here's a signature that is whoops
0FoHHXPY-8y-00508-00124928-00125158 here's a signature that is um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00509-00125159-00125343 uh has particularly prominent features
0FoHHXPY-8y-00510-00125344-00125502 it's got 12 peaks at specific
0FoHHXPY-8y-00511-00125503-00125743 trinucleotide context it's very clear
0FoHHXPY-8y-00512-00125744-00125902 it's very dominant and so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00513-00125903-00126134 if i run that signature extraction a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00514-00126135-00126399 thousand times and i plot it i find that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00515-00126400-00126527 that signature forms this lovely
0FoHHXPY-8y-00516-00126528-00126758 discrete cluster because it's very easy
0FoHHXPY-8y-00517-00126759-00127054 to extract it's very clear signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00518-00127055-00127214 by contrast if you look at these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00519-00127215-00127390 signatures this sort of form is almost
0FoHHXPY-8y-00520-00127391-00127695 ring can sometimes be miscalled for each
0FoHHXPY-8y-00521-00127696-00127783 other
0FoHHXPY-8y-00522-00127783-00127934 and that's because if you look at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00523-00127935-00128166 signatures they're very flat they've got
0FoHHXPY-8y-00524-00128167-00128383 rather featureless profile as compared
0FoHHXPY-8y-00525-00128383-00128590 to that and they get mistaken for each
0FoHHXPY-8y-00526-00128591-00128775 other rather a lot now that's important
0FoHHXPY-8y-00527-00128776-00128895 because this signature that i've
0FoHHXPY-8y-00528-00128896-00129102 highlighted with the red box is the one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00529-00129103-00129263 that was associated with bracket 1 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00530-00129264-00129478 bracket 2 deficiency right at the start
0FoHHXPY-8y-00531-00129479-00129631 and the first paper on mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-00532-00129632-00129758 signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00533-00129759-00129990 but because it's so flat a lot of noise
0FoHHXPY-8y-00534-00129991-00130239 also gets called signature 3
0FoHHXPY-8y-00535-00130240-00130399 and so this tends to be a bit of a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00536-00130400-00130695 dumping zone um a lot of things which is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00537-00130696-00130854 not signature three and not bracket
0FoHHXPY-8y-00538-00130855-00130999 deficiency ends up getting called
0FoHHXPY-8y-00539-00131000-00131190 signature three so it's an error and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00540-00131191-00131343 it's something for us to all be aware of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00541-00131344-00131575 i'll come back to this again shortly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00542-00131576-00131751 the next caveat to mention is that the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00543-00131752-00131990 number of signatures you extract is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00544-00131991-00132151 related to the size of the cohort that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00545-00132152-00132295 you're studying
0FoHHXPY-8y-00546-00132296-00132519 so when i first studied 21 signatures i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00547-00132520-00132678 got five signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00548-00132679-00132943 so i went to 21 cancers i got five
0FoHHXPY-8y-00549-00132944-00133202 signatures when i studied uh
0FoHHXPY-8y-00550-00133203-00133599 560 breast cancers i got 12 signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00551-00133600-00133799 it's just an increase in power
0FoHHXPY-8y-00552-00133800-00134063 now when i study 5 000 breast cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00553-00134064-00134183 genomes what i'm going to find i'm going
0FoHHXPY-8y-00554-00134184-00134366 to find a few more that's for sure but
0FoHHXPY-8y-00555-00134367-00134575 at some point it does start to saturate
0FoHHXPY-8y-00556-00134576-00134735 as well the point is the number of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00557-00134736-00134951 signatures you extract is related to the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00558-00134952-00135190 size of the cohort you're studying
0FoHHXPY-8y-00559-00135191-00135423 and this is just to give you an overview
0FoHHXPY-8y-00560-00135424-00135766 of the field so i first published on
0FoHHXPY-8y-00561-00135767-00136007 mutation signatures in 2012 this was
0FoHHXPY-8y-00562-00136008-00136159 just on 21 breast cancers there were
0FoHHXPY-8y-00563-00136160-00136423 five signatures since then we got 21
0FoHHXPY-8y-00564-00136424-00136631 signatures and then 30 and then we had
0FoHHXPY-8y-00565-00136632-00136783 rearrangement signatures and then we had
0FoHHXPY-8y-00566-00136784-00136943 more substitution double sub intel
0FoHHXPY-8y-00567-00136944-00137159 signatures you know it is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00568-00137160-00137366 increasing all the time so it's a little
0FoHHXPY-8y-00569-00137367-00137511 bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00570-00137512-00137727 it may feel a little bit mind-boggling
0FoHHXPY-8y-00571-00137728-00137935 but i think the point really for you to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00572-00137936-00138223 take home is that the academic community
0FoHHXPY-8y-00573-00138224-00138407 will at some point
0FoHHXPY-8y-00574-00138408-00138623 come up with the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00575-00138624-00138895 reference set and give you the guidance
0FoHHXPY-8y-00576-00138896-00139111 as to how to use the signatures because
0FoHHXPY-8y-00577-00139112-00139335 it's not a good idea to use all 94
0FoHHXPY-8y-00578-00139336-00139478 substitution signatures i'll come to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00579-00139479-00139831 that shortly um and um and don't worry
0FoHHXPY-8y-00580-00139832-00140047 about having to do extractions because
0FoHHXPY-8y-00581-00140048-00140254 you shouldn't need to you should just be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00582-00140255-00140502 doing an assignment as a clinician i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-00583-00140503-00140687 just explaining what the extraction
0FoHHXPY-8y-00584-00140688-00140983 process is so that you have an idea of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00585-00140984-00141143 what's going through the heads of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00586-00141144-00141366 academics when they're doing it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00587-00141367-00141575 so that's the extraction bit you just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00588-00141576-00141719 need to understand the theoretical
0FoHHXPY-8y-00589-00141720-00141966 principle which is entirely academic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00590-00141967-00142263 of how you take signatures or how you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00591-00142264-00142502 extract signatures from a large data set
0FoHHXPY-8y-00592-00142503-00142671 and to be aware of the caveats that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00593-00142672-00142911 there's multiple potential solutions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00594-00142912-00143071 some signatures are subject to more
0FoHHXPY-8y-00595-00143072-00143287 uncertainty than others
0FoHHXPY-8y-00596-00143288-00143439 and the number of signatures that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00597-00143440-00143614 extracted from a data set is the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00598-00143615-00143790 function of the size of the data set so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00599-00143791-00144014 just be wary when someone
0FoHHXPY-8y-00600-00144015-00144214 quotes a paper at you and says oh well
0FoHHXPY-8y-00601-00144215-00144383 they only found four signatures in that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00602-00144384-00144678 paper well they only had 25 samples and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00603-00144679-00144895 that's probably the reason why
0FoHHXPY-8y-00604-00144896-00145151 okay so that was the academic bit on the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00605-00145152-00145439 extraction this next section is far more
0FoHHXPY-8y-00606-00145440-00145566 important to you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00607-00145567-00145775 as a clinician
0FoHHXPY-8y-00608-00145776-00145911 when you get
0FoHHXPY-8y-00609-00145912-00146119 the mutational profile from a patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-00610-00146120-00146311 here this is a patient with an ovarian
0FoHHXPY-8y-00611-00146312-00146551 cancer we'll call her patient a this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00612-00146552-00146687 her catalog
0FoHHXPY-8y-00613-00146688-00146814 you want to know
0FoHHXPY-8y-00614-00146815-00146990 what signatures are present in that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00615-00146991-00147111 sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00616-00147112-00147247 so to estimate
0FoHHXPY-8y-00617-00147248-00147407 the exposure
0FoHHXPY-8y-00618-00147408-00147495 um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00619-00147496-00147639 people use a number of different tools
0FoHHXPY-8y-00620-00147640-00147799 there's about again somewhere between
0FoHHXPY-8y-00621-00147800-00148014 eight and ten different tools to do this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00622-00148015-00148166 don't worry about it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00623-00148167-00148302 what's important is what are the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00624-00148303-00148590 signatures that you use to to estimate
0FoHHXPY-8y-00625-00148591-00148775 that exposure because remember i said
0FoHHXPY-8y-00626-00148776-00148926 the academic community will have done
0FoHHXPY-8y-00627-00148927-00149143 this bit they will tell you these are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00628-00149144-00149271 the signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00629-00149272-00149463 so let's say we have one two three four
0FoHHXPY-8y-00630-00149464-00149678 five six seven eight signatures in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00631-00149679-00149926 ovarian cancer this is our patient you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00632-00149927-00150151 just want to know what e is okay that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00633-00150152-00150375 what you're trying to do
0FoHHXPY-8y-00634-00150376-00150471 now
0FoHHXPY-8y-00635-00150472-00150751 this is probably the most conservative
0FoHHXPY-8y-00636-00150752-00151023 and the most robust way to figure out a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00637-00151024-00151271 signature in this patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-00638-00151272-00151463 but today because there are so many
0FoHHXPY-8y-00639-00151464-00151687 signatures in the literature people are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00640-00151688-00151854 doing all sorts of things they're using
0FoHHXPY-8y-00641-00151855-00152119 30 signatures they're using 94. actually
0FoHHXPY-8y-00642-00152120-00152359 we've got a paper coming which has 160
0FoHHXPY-8y-00643-00152360-00152583 but i do not recommend using 160
0FoHHXPY-8y-00644-00152584-00152854 signatures to look for the exposures of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00645-00152855-00153095 your example i'll explain why shortly
0FoHHXPY-8y-00646-00153096-00153231 and it is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00647-00153232-00153447 still most conservative and most
0FoHHXPY-8y-00648-00153448-00153759 effective to just restrict your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00649-00153760-00153959 signature search to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00650-00153960-00154183 the signatures that are relevant to your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00651-00154184-00154351 tumor type and that totally makes sense
0FoHHXPY-8y-00652-00154352-00154526 right if you think about
0FoHHXPY-8y-00653-00154527-00154799 um g was your g was snips are different
0FoHHXPY-8y-00654-00154800-00154999 between different four different tumor
0FoHHXPY-8y-00655-00155000-00155343 types and risk so the signatures are you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00656-00155344-00155566 know if as a clinician you are much
0FoHHXPY-8y-00657-00155567-00155807 better off just focused on the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00658-00155808-00156023 signatures that are specific to your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00659-00156024-00156143 organ
0FoHHXPY-8y-00660-00156144-00156390 okay so let me show you why so here's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00661-00156391-00156575 our same patient's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00662-00156576-00156847 if we fit it we try to assign
0FoHHXPY-8y-00663-00156848-00157183 um signatures um for to this patient's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00664-00157184-00157390 fortification sample we could look for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00665-00157391-00157623 the eight tissue relevant signatures for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00666-00157624-00157902 this cancer or we could use the 30
0FoHHXPY-8y-00667-00157903-00158135 cosmic signatures and the problem is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00668-00158136-00158287 that when you do the 30 cosmic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00669-00158288-00158447 signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00670-00158448-00158687 what happens is every single signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00671-00158688-00158902 will be looked for regardless of whether
0FoHHXPY-8y-00672-00158903-00159190 it's biologically present or not
0FoHHXPY-8y-00673-00159191-00159414 this process is a sim is simply a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00674-00159415-00159671 mathematical one all it's doing is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00675-00159672-00160031 trying to fit as many of the signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00676-00160032-00160239 as you present to it as possible so if
0FoHHXPY-8y-00677-00160240-00160423 you say this is patient a fit 30
0FoHHXPY-8y-00678-00160424-00160678 signatures that's what it will do if you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00679-00160679-00160926 say fit 50 that's exactly what it will
0FoHHXPY-8y-00680-00160927-00161190 do so if you say fit 8 because this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00681-00161191-00161399 most relevant to my tissue and that is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00682-00161400-00161543 what it will do
0FoHHXPY-8y-00683-00161544-00161775 so when you fit 30 you get all sorts of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00684-00161776-00161911 you know you get a wide distribution
0FoHHXPY-8y-00685-00161912-00162126 it's more uncertainty you get false
0FoHHXPY-8y-00686-00162127-00162359 positive assignments and this is the joy
0FoHHXPY-8y-00687-00162360-00162607 of my life when i get to review papers
0FoHHXPY-8y-00688-00162608-00162807 that tell me that there is tobacco smoke
0FoHHXPY-8y-00689-00162808-00163039 signature in the prostate which i think
0FoHHXPY-8y-00690-00163040-00163223 is highly unlikely either your patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-00691-00163224-00163423 has got an extraordinary talent or
0FoHHXPY-8y-00692-00163424-00163639 you've done it wrong that's the second
0FoHHXPY-8y-00693-00163640-00163838 thing is probably most likely
0FoHHXPY-8y-00694-00163839-00164063 so when you do it with fewer signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00695-00164064-00164223 you find that it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00696-00164224-00164543 a tighter analysis there's less
0FoHHXPY-8y-00697-00164544-00164814 uncertainty and you have fewer false
0FoHHXPY-8y-00698-00164815-00165023 positive assignments
0FoHHXPY-8y-00699-00165024-00165278 so i think the message there is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00700-00165279-00165519 narrow the search space don't go for 30
0FoHHXPY-8y-00701-00165520-00165695 signatures or 100 and please don't go
0FoHHXPY-8y-00702-00165696-00165975 for 160 you'll get a mess of a result go
0FoHHXPY-8y-00703-00165976-00166183 for the tissue specific signatures now
0FoHHXPY-8y-00704-00166184-00166383 some of you may say well you might miss
0FoHHXPY-8y-00705-00166384-00166607 some rare signatures aha well we'll come
0FoHHXPY-8y-00706-00166608-00166887 to that shortly you won't okay so the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00707-00166888-00167031 things that you have to ask yourself
0FoHHXPY-8y-00708-00167032-00167311 when you're doing this as a clinician is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00709-00167312-00167543 have we assigned the right signatures to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00710-00167544-00167719 the sample is it the right tissue of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00711-00167720-00167854 origin
0FoHHXPY-8y-00712-00167855-00168063 now i think some of you will say well
0FoHHXPY-8y-00713-00168064-00168247 okay it's fine if i'm a breast surgeon
0FoHHXPY-8y-00714-00168248-00168447 or i'm a ovarian cancer specialist or
0FoHHXPY-8y-00715-00168448-00168590 prostate person but what about cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-00716-00168591-00168735 of unknown primary well there will be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00717-00168736-00169126 guidance on that um from from uh from
0FoHHXPY-8y-00718-00169127-00169278 sort of new information that's coming
0FoHHXPY-8y-00719-00169279-00169375 soon
0FoHHXPY-8y-00720-00169376-00169471 um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00721-00169472-00169631 is there anything that's out of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00722-00169632-00169807 ordinary is the other question that you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00723-00169808-00170071 have to ask so if we look at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00724-00170072-00170326 relative quantities of signatures that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00725-00170327-00170566 are present in that tumor type
0FoHHXPY-8y-00726-00170567-00170799 and you look at where your sample sits
0FoHHXPY-8y-00727-00170800-00171023 so the red dot is your sample and you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00728-00171024-00171143 know these are the five common
0FoHHXPY-8y-00729-00171144-00171302 signatures let's say in breast cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00730-00171303-00171447 and this is my sample with a red dot
0FoHHXPY-8y-00731-00171448-00171535 sitting right in the middle of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00732-00171536-00171854 everything yes this fits my sample does
0FoHHXPY-8y-00733-00171855-00172038 not behave in a weird way it's the old
0FoHHXPY-8y-00734-00172039-00172335 adage does it fit and if it does then
0FoHHXPY-8y-00735-00172336-00172463 okay that's good there's nothing that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00736-00172464-00172623 too untoward here
0FoHHXPY-8y-00737-00172624-00172799 the next question you need to ask is are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00738-00172800-00173038 there any clinically relevant signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00739-00173039-00173166 because remember what i said at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00740-00173167-00173343 start some signatures are just normal
0FoHHXPY-8y-00741-00173344-00173559 they're just completely part of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00742-00173560-00173759 everyday sort of being
0FoHHXPY-8y-00743-00173760-00173951 breathing in oxygen and having water in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00744-00173952-00174143 your body um
0FoHHXPY-8y-00745-00174144-00174335 so some signatures are completely
0FoHHXPY-8y-00746-00174336-00174566 irrelevant but what you want to know are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00747-00174567-00174711 are there any signatures that might be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00748-00174712-00174951 useful for a clinical trial or for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00749-00174952-00175151 particular therapy or that might be a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00750-00175152-00175375 prognostic indicator
0FoHHXPY-8y-00751-00175376-00175614 okay so um i will go through some of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00752-00175615-00175743 those signatures some of these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00753-00175744-00175935 clinically relevant signatures in detail
0FoHHXPY-8y-00754-00175936-00176102 but for now i just want you to take i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00755-00176103-00176238 just want to take you through a couple
0FoHHXPY-8y-00756-00176239-00176399 of examples
0FoHHXPY-8y-00757-00176400-00176638 so here is a breast cancer here's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00758-00176639-00176878 mutational catalog from a breast cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00759-00176879-00177119 17 000 smvs
0FoHHXPY-8y-00760-00177120-00177390 um and here's the signature outcome so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00761-00177391-00177623 these are the different signature types
0FoHHXPY-8y-00762-00177624-00177943 signature 13 5 8 2 3 18
0FoHHXPY-8y-00763-00177944-00178175 127 17
0FoHHXPY-8y-00764-00178176-00178454 and here it's this is a threshold we do
0FoHHXPY-8y-00765-00178455-00178583 have a cut off anything below it we're
0FoHHXPY-8y-00766-00178584-00178743 going to ignore anything above it we
0FoHHXPY-8y-00767-00178744-00178854 will say
0FoHHXPY-8y-00768-00178855-00179023 it is present in the sample so in this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00769-00179024-00179359 example the signature 13 5 8
0FoHHXPY-8y-00770-00179360-00179687 3 and 127
0FoHHXPY-8y-00771-00179688-00179951 and if we look at so the question first
0FoHHXPY-8y-00772-00179952-00180151 question that we asked was have we
0FoHHXPY-8y-00773-00180152-00180311 assigned the right signatures for this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00774-00180312-00180454 tumor type and the answer is yes we've
0FoHHXPY-8y-00775-00180455-00180654 used the breast common signatures that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00776-00180655-00180799 have been identified in the genomics
0FoHHXPY-8y-00777-00180800-00181014 england data great okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-00778-00181015-00181271 is it within um normal limits is this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00779-00181272-00181423 anything out of the ordinary no these
0FoHHXPY-8y-00780-00181424-00181583 are all the common signatures and the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00781-00181584-00181711 sort of total values seem to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00782-00181712-00181823 reasonable
0FoHHXPY-8y-00783-00181824-00181951 are there any clinically relevant
0FoHHXPY-8y-00784-00181952-00182078 signatures and the answer is yes
0FoHHXPY-8y-00785-00182079-00182223 signature 3
0FoHHXPY-8y-00786-00182224-00182454 is a clinically relevant signature i
0FoHHXPY-8y-00787-00182455-00182575 mentioned it before this is the one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00788-00182576-00182695 that's been associated with hr
0FoHHXPY-8y-00789-00182696-00182902 deficiency but i also mentioned that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00790-00182903-00183095 it's a bit of a dumping ground for for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00791-00183096-00183278 error and noise
0FoHHXPY-8y-00792-00183279-00183535 and so you need to look out for other
0FoHHXPY-8y-00793-00183536-00183799 features to ensure that this isn't just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00794-00183800-00183926 overfitting
0FoHHXPY-8y-00795-00183927-00184199 i will come to some of those and some
0FoHHXPY-8y-00796-00184200-00184407 algorithms that i use to help yeah you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00797-00184408-00184647 make that decision so that's one example
0FoHHXPY-8y-00798-00184648-00184838 let's do another one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00799-00184839-00185038 um so look at that profile
0FoHHXPY-8y-00800-00185039-00185183 just look at that profile i mean you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00801-00185184-00185311 know it's quite clear that it's quite
0FoHHXPY-8y-00802-00185312-00185495 different to the previous one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00803-00185496-00185671 that profile is quite different isn't it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00804-00185672-00185838 this profile after some time after
0FoHHXPY-8y-00805-00185839-00186023 you've seen this about six times you'll
0FoHHXPY-8y-00806-00186024-00186175 you'll recognize it from the other end
0FoHHXPY-8y-00807-00186176-00186326 of the room this is mismatch repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00808-00186327-00186438 deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-00809-00186439-00186654 um and if we look across here we're not
0FoHHXPY-8y-00810-00186655-00186766 seeing very much we're seeing a little
0FoHHXPY-8y-00811-00186767-00186919 bit of signature one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00812-00186920-00187111 and as i mentioned earlier some of you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00813-00187112-00187271 will say well serena if you only look
0FoHHXPY-8y-00814-00187272-00187407 for the signatures that are known in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00815-00187408-00187559 breast cancer you cannot miss anything
0FoHHXPY-8y-00816-00187560-00187711 that's unusual and mismatched repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00817-00187712-00187990 deficiency is not usual in breast cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00818-00187991-00188263 but in fact the latest iteration of how
0FoHHXPY-8y-00819-00188264-00188550 we do this which is coming soon
0FoHHXPY-8y-00820-00188551-00188702 or that has been trained on genomics
0FoHHXPY-8y-00821-00188703-00188887 england data
0FoHHXPY-8y-00822-00188888-00189175 it will allow you to look for the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00823-00189176-00189463 presence of unusual and rare signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-00824-00189464-00189663 okay and so you'll be able to keep your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00825-00189664-00189807 eye there on the right hand side you'll
0FoHHXPY-8y-00826-00189808-00189935 be able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00827-00189936-00190119 identify that there's a new rare
0FoHHXPY-8y-00828-00190120-00190366 signature here called signature 44 which
0FoHHXPY-8y-00829-00190367-00190623 is mismatched repair deficiency sps-44
0FoHHXPY-8y-00830-00190624-00190831 is a sodium mismatch repair it's got a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00831-00190832-00191071 very distinctive profile and tends to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00832-00191072-00191319 a hypomutated phenotype so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00833-00191320-00191487 these are the right signatures is it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00834-00191488-00191678 behaving out of the ordinary it is a bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00835-00191679-00191854 out of the ordinary for breast cancer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00836-00191855-00192038 but does it fit with mismatch repair yes
0FoHHXPY-8y-00837-00192039-00192223 it does is this clinically relevant yes
0FoHHXPY-8y-00838-00192224-00192359 it is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00839-00192360-00192583 okay this is example number three this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00840-00192584-00192814 is again is a breast tumor if you look
0FoHHXPY-8y-00841-00192815-00193119 at this profile and this is kind of a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00842-00193120-00193287 actually a lot a lot of what you're
0FoHHXPY-8y-00843-00193288-00193526 seeing here is c to t a cpg
0FoHHXPY-8y-00844-00193527-00193726 which is signature one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00845-00193727-00193902 and a lot of people just go okay well
0FoHHXPY-8y-00846-00193903-00194214 this is a pretty boring boring sample
0FoHHXPY-8y-00847-00194215-00194431 um have we fit the right signatures yes
0FoHHXPY-8y-00848-00194432-00194663 these are breast common signatures is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00849-00194664-00194854 there anything out of the ordinary
0FoHHXPY-8y-00850-00194855-00195143 well actually there is the algorithm
0FoHHXPY-8y-00851-00195144-00195271 tells you that there's an additional
0FoHHXPY-8y-00852-00195272-00195487 signature called signature 33 which has
0FoHHXPY-8y-00853-00195488-00195638 not been reported before in breast
0FoHHXPY-8y-00854-00195639-00195878 cancer the cause of signature 33 is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00855-00195879-00196135 unknown that's what it looks like that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00856-00196136-00196375 signature 33 and in fact if you use your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00857-00196376-00196599 organic interface you can see signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00858-00196600-00196814 33 there because you can see signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-00859-00196815-00197111 one but you can see signature 33 as well
0FoHHXPY-8y-00860-00197112-00197199 so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00861-00197200-00197326 as long as you walk through those three
0FoHHXPY-8y-00862-00197327-00197495 steps every time you look thinking about
0FoHHXPY-8y-00863-00197496-00197766 signatures you will not really go wrong
0FoHHXPY-8y-00864-00197767-00197926 and if you notice i keep saying to use
0FoHHXPY-8y-00865-00197927-00198159 your organic interface because
0FoHHXPY-8y-00866-00198160-00198366 you know we're all trained as medics to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00867-00198367-00198654 spot patterns and and a lot of the times
0FoHHXPY-8y-00868-00198655-00198831 i can make a call on signatures without
0FoHHXPY-8y-00869-00198832-00199078 even using the algorithm i can use uh
0FoHHXPY-8y-00870-00199079-00199302 just the experience of having seen a lot
0FoHHXPY-8y-00871-00199303-00199623 of these a lot of the time okay so now
0FoHHXPY-8y-00872-00199624-00199919 i've sort of covered the assignment bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-00873-00199920-00200063 um and i hope i've driven home the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00874-00200064-00200207 message of what's important there for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00875-00200208-00200359 you as a clinician
0FoHHXPY-8y-00876-00200360-00200566 now let's say you find things which may
0FoHHXPY-8y-00877-00200567-00200759 be clinically relevant how do you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00878-00200760-00200943 reinforce
0FoHHXPY-8y-00879-00200944-00201199 what you suspect um with other
0FoHHXPY-8y-00880-00201200-00201478 information so this is going to be a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00881-00201479-00201799 table to make life easy for us all
0FoHHXPY-8y-00882-00201800-00201943 it's going to address what the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00883-00201944-00202166 biological abnormality is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00884-00202167-00202287 it's going to help you answer the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00885-00202288-00202478 question what are the other genomic
0FoHHXPY-8y-00886-00202479-00202663 features that are associated with this
0FoHHXPY-8y-00887-00202664-00202950 biological abnormal abnormality
0FoHHXPY-8y-00888-00202951-00203183 are there any algorithms or scores to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00889-00203184-00203366 support my finding further because if
0FoHHXPY-8y-00890-00203367-00203543 you think it's hr deficiency and you've
0FoHHXPY-8y-00891-00203544-00203783 got an algorithm that says it's 99
0FoHHXPY-8y-00892-00203784-00203943 likely to be hr deficient then that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-00893-00203944-00204119 great it's good for you
0FoHHXPY-8y-00894-00204120-00204287 and then i think this is very important
0FoHHXPY-8y-00895-00204288-00204438 can i find a cause going to find a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00896-00204439-00204663 genetic or epigenetic cause to explain
0FoHHXPY-8y-00897-00204664-00204871 my hr deficiency or my mismatch repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-00898-00204871-00205127 deficiency or whatever
0FoHHXPY-8y-00899-00205128-00205375 so look for positive reinforcement but
0FoHHXPY-8y-00900-00205376-00205686 just as important look for things to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-00901-00205687-00205886 wary of look for the negative things as
0FoHHXPY-8y-00902-00205887-00206062 well it's like doing any scientific
0FoHHXPY-8y-00903-00206063-00206327 experiment positive stuff negative stuff
0FoHHXPY-8y-00904-00206328-00206486 positive controls negative controls
0FoHHXPY-8y-00905-00206487-00206679 other things to look out for
0FoHHXPY-8y-00906-00206680-00206894 so if all this information i'm throwing
0FoHHXPY-8y-00907-00206896-00207119 at you is just a bit much rest easy
0FoHHXPY-8y-00908-00207119-00207358 there is a table that summarizes all of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00909-00207359-00207614 it there for you and this may change in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00910-00207615-00207871 time i will add that caveat that there
0FoHHXPY-8y-00911-00207871-00207998 is a table in case it's all getting a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00912-00208000-00208134 bit much and you want to put down your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00913-00208135-00208310 pens and lean back your arms behind your
0FoHHXPY-8y-00914-00208311-00208479 head you can just listen to the rest of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00915-00208480-00208727 the of the presentation the point is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00916-00208728-00208894 lot of the information has been
0FoHHXPY-8y-00917-00208896-00209214 summarized in this table
0FoHHXPY-8y-00918-00209215-00209503 um and bottom line if ever anything
0FoHHXPY-8y-00919-00209504-00209710 looks bizarre always ask has the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00920-00209711-00209958 assignment been done appropriately and a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00921-00209959-00210191 lot of times it hasn't okay so that that
0FoHHXPY-8y-00922-00210192-00210375 i think tends to be the killer
0FoHHXPY-8y-00923-00210376-00210646 um uh when i get to review papers from
0FoHHXPY-8y-00924-00210648-00210846 people okay so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00925-00210848-00211039 that's the summary table or clinically
0FoHHXPY-8y-00926-00211040-00211279 relevant signatures today um but i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-00927-00211280-00211423 gonna go through the details for the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00928-00211423-00211751 next sort of 20 minutes or so um and but
0FoHHXPY-8y-00929-00211752-00211879 as i said if it's all getting bit much
0FoHHXPY-8y-00930-00211880-00212006 you can just put down your pens and just
0FoHHXPY-8y-00931-00212007-00212198 listen to me drone on for the next 25
0FoHHXPY-8y-00932-00212200-00212391 minutes okay so
0FoHHXPY-8y-00933-00212392-00212663 um let's do hr deficiency first
0FoHHXPY-8y-00934-00212664-00212967 um so in hr deficiency the historical
0FoHHXPY-8y-00935-00212967-00213239 bit of information um that we presented
0FoHHXPY-8y-00936-00213240-00213471 in 2012 was this signature three which
0FoHHXPY-8y-00937-00213471-00213582 i've already
0FoHHXPY-8y-00938-00213583-00213791 pointed out is really flat and it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00939-00213792-00213998 bit of a pain
0FoHHXPY-8y-00940-00214000-00214255 when we're doing signature assignments
0FoHHXPY-8y-00941-00214256-00214439 but the good thing is that if you see
0FoHHXPY-8y-00942-00214440-00214623 signature 3 you need to look for a few
0FoHHXPY-8y-00943-00214623-00214879 other things is signature 8 there is
0FoHHXPY-8y-00944-00214880-00215055 there an indel pattern called micro
0FoHHXPY-8y-00945-00215056-00215287 homologous micro homology mediated
0FoHHXPY-8y-00946-00215288-00215406 deletions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00947-00215407-00215558 are there rearrangement signatures and
0FoHHXPY-8y-00948-00215559-00215710 is there a copy number pattern i'm going
0FoHHXPY-8y-00949-00215711-00215894 to take you through this now
0FoHHXPY-8y-00950-00215896-00216094 so signature three and eight are kind of
0FoHHXPY-8y-00951-00216096-00216310 a bit boring and bit flat
0FoHHXPY-8y-00952-00216311-00216542 but the indel pattern is a really marked
0FoHHXPY-8y-00953-00216544-00216639 one
0FoHHXPY-8y-00954-00216640-00216879 so what happens is here is the here are
0FoHHXPY-8y-00955-00216880-00217110 examples of two deletions occurring in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00956-00217111-00217294 chromosome 8 and chromosome 17 that's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00957-00217296-00217398 sequence
0FoHHXPY-8y-00958-00217400-00217631 a micro homologous deletion
0FoHHXPY-8y-00959-00217632-00217998 has a few bases that are homologous to
0FoHHXPY-8y-00960-00218000-00218271 the next bit which uh where the at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00961-00218271-00218503 indel junction so the bit that's deleted
0FoHHXPY-8y-00962-00218504-00218727 the motif that's deleted has some
0FoHHXPY-8y-00963-00218728-00218967 homologous sequence with the bit that it
0FoHHXPY-8y-00964-00218967-00219351 joins up to so in this case there's a tg
0FoHHXPY-8y-00965-00219352-00219646 tg that is homologous to the tg
0FoHHXPY-8y-00966-00219648-00219871 downstream and here there's an aaa
0FoHHXPY-8y-00967-00219871-00220167 that's homologous to the aaa downstream
0FoHHXPY-8y-00968-00220167-00220358 the indels tend to be larger they tend
0FoHHXPY-8y-00969-00220359-00220558 to be three base pairs or more
0FoHHXPY-8y-00970-00220559-00220734 um and this was you know one of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00971-00220735-00220975 first things i picked up during my phd
0FoHHXPY-8y-00972-00220976-00221182 thank god because so far i had had
0FoHHXPY-8y-00973-00221183-00221334 negative results for about a year and a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00974-00221335-00221479 half
0FoHHXPY-8y-00975-00221480-00221775 so this is a really marked phenotype
0FoHHXPY-8y-00976-00221776-00221927 it's a real
0FoHHXPY-8y-00977-00221928-00222039 you know
0FoHHXPY-8y-00978-00222040-00222351 sign of bracha deficiency so that's what
0FoHHXPY-8y-00979-00222352-00222631 we mean by micro homology mediated
0FoHHXPY-8y-00980-00222632-00222782 deletions
0FoHHXPY-8y-00981-00222783-00222998 then rearrangement signatures in
0FoHHXPY-8y-00982-00223000-00223206 bracket-efficient tumors
0FoHHXPY-8y-00983-00223207-00223342 there's something called rearrangement
0FoHHXPY-8y-00984-00223344-00223558 signature 3 rs3
0FoHHXPY-8y-00985-00223559-00223806 this is characterized by tandem
0FoHHXPY-8y-00986-00223807-00224079 duplications which are bits of the dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-00987-00224080-00224303 that are duplicated and then inserted
0FoHHXPY-8y-00988-00224304-00224551 immediately in tandem
0FoHHXPY-8y-00989-00224552-00224719 but in the bracket-deficient tumors they
0FoHHXPY-8y-00990-00224719-00225006 tend to be 10 kb or less or smaller okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-00991-00225007-00225223 so they tend to be quite small
0FoHHXPY-8y-00992-00225223-00225342 but if you look through the genome
0FoHHXPY-8y-00993-00225344-00225479 you'll find that it's just happening
0FoHHXPY-8y-00994-00225480-00225727 throughout the genome so it feels like a
0FoHHXPY-8y-00995-00225728-00226031 kind of a replicative abnormality uh
0FoHHXPY-8y-00996-00226032-00226303 where a bit of dna is copied and then
0FoHHXPY-8y-00997-00226304-00226479 it's duplicated and then inserted back
0FoHHXPY-8y-00998-00226480-00226631 again it just keeps going throughout the
0FoHHXPY-8y-00999-00226632-00226839 genome so that's rearrangement signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01000-00226840-00227015 three it tends to be a feature of braca
0FoHHXPY-8y-01001-00227016-00227198 one deficient cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01002-00227200-00227415 rearrangement signature five is um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01003-00227416-00227615 characterized by deletion so in red red
0FoHHXPY-8y-01004-00227616-00227782 dell is deletions
0FoHHXPY-8y-01005-00227783-00228015 um so i should have said non-clustered
0FoHHXPY-8y-01006-00228016-00228167 means that it's not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01007-00228167-00228367 focused in one part of the genome it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01008-00228367-00228631 distributed throughout the genome so rs5
0FoHHXPY-8y-01009-00228632-00228806 rearrangement signature five is again
0FoHHXPY-8y-01010-00228807-00228998 another classical feature of bracket
0FoHHXPY-8y-01011-00229000-00229191 deficient cancers there are sections
0FoHHXPY-8y-01012-00229192-00229534 that tend to be 10 kb or less again
0FoHHXPY-8y-01013-00229535-00229782 that are deleted again throughout the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01014-00229783-00230094 genome really classical patterns and in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01015-00230096-00230391 the next webinar when i show you how to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01016-00230392-00230558 look at the whole genomes with all the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01017-00230559-00230727 information together you'll see some of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01018-00230728-00230887 these patterns um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01019-00230888-00230998 up front
0FoHHXPY-8y-01020-00231000-00231158 and then last but not least are the copy
0FoHHXPY-8y-01021-00231159-00231327 number abnormalities in hr deficient
0FoHHXPY-8y-01022-00231328-00231671 cancer so this was the classical pattern
0FoHHXPY-8y-01023-00231671-00231871 that was first described in hr deficient
0FoHHXPY-8y-01024-00231871-00232151 tumors by the likes of myriad the myriad
0FoHHXPY-8y-01025-00232152-00232334 score is basically
0FoHHXPY-8y-01026-00232335-00232494 copy number patterns and what you're
0FoHHXPY-8y-01027-00232496-00232703 seeing here you saw copy number plots in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01028-00232704-00232982 my last webinar hopefully purple means
0FoHHXPY-8y-01029-00232983-00233167 total copy number and blue means minor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01030-00233167-00233342 allele and what you're seeing here is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01031-00233344-00233567 the minor allele in blue is all down at
0FoHHXPY-8y-01032-00233567-00233791 zero throughout the genome in lots of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01033-00233792-00233951 places so that's a lot
0FoHHXPY-8y-01034-00233952-00234094 there's many many chromosomes where
0FoHHXPY-8y-01035-00234096-00234271 there's whole arms or whole chromosomes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01036-00234271-00234503 that are completely lost this is really
0FoHHXPY-8y-01037-00234504-00234791 classical of bracket-deficient cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01038-00234792-00234982 and so this is a kind of sort of a loss
0FoHHXPY-8y-01039-00234983-00235215 of heterozygosity throughout the genome
0FoHHXPY-8y-01040-00235216-00235534 so if you have these patterns together
0FoHHXPY-8y-01041-00235535-00235775 it really is a sign of braca one or
0FoHHXPY-8y-01042-00235776-00236006 braca ii deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01043-00236007-00236094 now
0FoHHXPY-8y-01044-00236096-00236223 there are actually some subtle
0FoHHXPY-8y-01045-00236223-00236503 differences the bracha one cancers have
0FoHHXPY-8y-01046-00236504-00236767 all of those signatures that i mentioned
0FoHHXPY-8y-01047-00236767-00237055 whereas the bracket two deficient tumors
0FoHHXPY-8y-01048-00237056-00237391 as well as pell b2 and rad51c promoter
0FoHHXPY-8y-01049-00237392-00237631 hypermethylated cancers they have all
0FoHHXPY-8y-01050-00237632-00237894 those features except the rearrangements
0FoHHXPY-8y-01051-00237896-00238087 so they'll have all of these except this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01052-00238088-00238231 rearrangement signature three they'll
0FoHHXPY-8y-01053-00238232-00238439 have all the rest so there's a subtle
0FoHHXPY-8y-01054-00238440-00238631 difference there between the braca one
0FoHHXPY-8y-01055-00238632-00238879 and the bracket two deficient cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01056-00238880-00239167 but in a lot of my work i tend i've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01057-00239167-00239327 reported this but i tend not to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01058-00239328-00239463 differentiate between them because
0FoHHXPY-8y-01059-00239464-00239671 currently there's no clinical indication
0FoHHXPY-8y-01060-00239671-00239863 to separate these two things but in fact
0FoHHXPY-8y-01061-00239864-00240134 it is possible to separate them
0FoHHXPY-8y-01062-00240135-00240358 so i sort of given you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01063-00240359-00240567 the features the other signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01064-00240567-00240710 features that help you figure out
0FoHHXPY-8y-01065-00240711-00240839 whether something really does have hr
0FoHHXPY-8y-01066-00240840-00241006 deficiency or not it's a bit hard though
0FoHHXPY-8y-01067-00241007-00241246 isn't it let's try to make it easier so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01068-00241248-00241503 we have created an algorithm
0FoHHXPY-8y-01069-00241504-00241687 that basically takes all the signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01070-00241688-00241887 information and then goes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01071-00241888-00242175 99 probability hr deficiency that's what
0FoHHXPY-8y-01072-00242176-00242375 hr detects us that's one of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01073-00242376-00242582 algorithms that we've produced chord has
0FoHHXPY-8y-01074-00242583-00242815 been produced by the chaps in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01075-00242816-00243039 holland it's very similar to hr detect
0FoHHXPY-8y-01076-00243040-00243230 it's just different one thing between
0FoHHXPY-8y-01077-00243231-00243582 them myriad is the copy number algorithm
0FoHHXPY-8y-01078-00243583-00243798 that i mentioned earlier all of these
0FoHHXPY-8y-01079-00243800-00244055 are just additional pieces of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01080-00244056-00244334 algorithmic computational tools to help
0FoHHXPY-8y-01081-00244335-00244527 you make that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01082-00244528-00244734 interpretation so if you're looking at a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01083-00244735-00244846 sample and you're thinking this might be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01084-00244848-00245006 hr deficient
0FoHHXPY-8y-01085-00245007-00245198 can i run one of those algorithms please
0FoHHXPY-8y-01086-00245200-00245406 to make sure to check to give me that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01087-00245407-00245606 confidence now a good decision support
0FoHHXPY-8y-01088-00245607-00245791 tool will just give it to you anyway so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01089-00245792-00246030 hopefully um by the time this starts to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01090-00246031-00246206 get into the nhs all that information
0FoHHXPY-8y-01091-00246207-00246351 will just come to you will get you know
0FoHHXPY-8y-01092-00246352-00246455 you'll get the signatures you'll get
0FoHHXPY-8y-01093-00246456-00246623 signature three you'll be able to find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01094-00246623-00246791 rearrangement signatures three and five
0FoHHXPY-8y-01095-00246792-00246951 and copy number scores and then you get
0FoHHXPY-8y-01096-00246952-00247127 the hr detect score or the chord score
0FoHHXPY-8y-01097-00247128-00247303 or the myriad score maybe not myriad
0FoHHXPY-8y-01098-00247304-00247423 because i think that might be under
0FoHHXPY-8y-01099-00247423-00247703 license patented okay anyway hr
0FoHHXPY-8y-01100-00247704-00247934 deficiency let's go to mismatch repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01101-00247935-00248087 deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01102-00248088-00248319 um okay so mismatch repair deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01103-00248319-00248519 there's about six signatures in fact
0FoHHXPY-8y-01104-00248519-00248679 there's a seventh that's not published
0FoHHXPY-8y-01105-00248680-00248815 yet but as i said that one is coming
0FoHHXPY-8y-01106-00248816-00249046 when the gel data gets published um so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01107-00249048-00249375 there's six signatures there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01108-00249376-00249719 and they are sort of variations of each
0FoHHXPY-8y-01109-00249719-00249967 other if you look really closely
0FoHHXPY-8y-01110-00249967-00250215 um and the other thing to say is that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01111-00250216-00250391 they are all associated with a high
0FoHHXPY-8y-01112-00250392-00250606 tumor mutational burden to use a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01113-00250607-00250806 mutational burden on the y-axis of this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01114-00250807-00250910 plot and here are the different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01115-00250911-00251142 signatures named down here and they're
0FoHHXPY-8y-01116-00251144-00251271 all somewhere in the region of ten to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01117-00251271-00251463 the five and ten to the six that's you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01118-00251464-00251542 know
0FoHHXPY-8y-01119-00251544-00251775 a lot of mutations most somatic
0FoHHXPY-8y-01120-00251776-00252039 mutations are in the thousands like
0FoHHXPY-8y-01121-00252040-00252310 three thousand eight thousand maybe not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01122-00252311-00252527 tens hundreds or even a million
0FoHHXPY-8y-01123-00252528-00252703 sometimes um which is something that you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01124-00252704-00252839 can get with the mismatch repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01125-00252840-00252991 deficient cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01126-00252992-00253175 and so high tumor mutational burden or
0FoHHXPY-8y-01127-00253176-00253582 tmb is a feature that has been used
0FoHHXPY-8y-01128-00253583-00253823 clinically in order to classify tumors
0FoHHXPY-8y-01129-00253823-00254046 as being mismatch repair deficient but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01130-00254048-00254215 this is a bit crude it's just a total
0FoHHXPY-8y-01131-00254216-00254439 mutation burden it's just a count
0FoHHXPY-8y-01132-00254440-00254591 whereas these are the different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01133-00254592-00254703 signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01134-00254704-00254991 um that you can see are the outcome of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01135-00254992-00255279 mismatched repair deficiency so you see
0FoHHXPY-8y-01136-00255280-00255430 one of these signatures what else do you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01137-00255431-00255591 look for you check that it's got a high
0FoHHXPY-8y-01138-00255592-00255751 temporation burden
0FoHHXPY-8y-01139-00255752-00255871 you check that there's an in dell
0FoHHXPY-8y-01140-00255871-00256087 phenotype because mismatched repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01141-00256088-00256215 deficiency is involved in post
0FoHHXPY-8y-01142-00256216-00256406 replicative mismatch repair and you do
0FoHHXPY-8y-01143-00256407-00256606 get lots of deletions so what you find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01144-00256607-00256879 is these tumors tend to have a high
0FoHHXPY-8y-01145-00256880-00257182 number of t deletions
0FoHHXPY-8y-01146-00257183-00257382 particularly at polynucleotide repeat
0FoHHXPY-8y-01147-00257383-00257510 right so at
0FoHHXPY-8y-01148-00257511-00257742 t t t
0FoHHXPY-8y-01149-00257744-00257894 t ttdtt that sort of thing you'll find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01150-00257896-00258094 there's a lot of deletions there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01151-00258096-00258367 all of these signatures 6 14 15 20 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01152-00258367-00258742 44 have an excess of tea deletions
0FoHHXPY-8y-01153-00258744-00258975 at longer tracks the longer the tracks
0FoHHXPY-8y-01154-00258976-00259142 the higher the likelihood of having a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01155-00259144-00259287 deletion
0FoHHXPY-8y-01156-00259288-00259503 sps 26
0FoHHXPY-8y-01157-00259504-00259719 by contrast is the one that looks a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01158-00259719-00259919 little bit different to the rest
0FoHHXPY-8y-01159-00259919-00260127 and doesn't just have deletions it has a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01160-00260128-00260351 lot of insertions as well
0FoHHXPY-8y-01161-00260352-00260527 at the next webinar i will show you some
0FoHHXPY-8y-01162-00260528-00260751 beautiful examples of this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01163-00260752-00261091 the reason for this is gene specificity
0FoHHXPY-8y-01164-00261092-00261519 sbs-26 is often seen in pms2 mismatch
0FoHHXPY-8y-01165-00261519-00261687 repair deficient tumors whereas the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01166-00261688-00261791 others
0FoHHXPY-8y-01167-00261792-00262295 are seen in mlh1 msh2 msh6 and sometimes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01168-00262296-00262495 in combination with polymerase mutants
0FoHHXPY-8y-01169-00262496-00262679 which i'll come to shortly
0FoHHXPY-8y-01170-00262680-00262958 so these excessive deletions is what we
0FoHHXPY-8y-01171-00262959-00263199 call microsatellite instability or msi
0FoHHXPY-8y-01172-00263200-00263447 and again msi is sometimes used
0FoHHXPY-8y-01173-00263448-00263782 as a marker of mismatch repair deficient
0FoHHXPY-8y-01174-00263783-00263991 cancers when if you don't do signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01175-00263992-00264103 you find a lot of people do use
0FoHHXPY-8y-01176-00264104-00264279 something called msi seek or they look
0FoHHXPY-8y-01177-00264280-00264591 for tmb but basically you know this it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01178-00264592-00264823 a feature of the signatures associated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01179-00264824-00265095 with mismatched repair deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01180-00265096-00265287 so we can hunt down the genetic and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01181-00265288-00265663 epigenetic factors um uh you know in in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01182-00265664-00265830 the case of the hr deficient ones we
0FoHHXPY-8y-01183-00265831-00265991 looked for bracha one bracket two lb2
0FoHHXPY-8y-01184-00265992-00266263 red 51c here you want to look for mlh1
0FoHHXPY-8y-01185-00266264-00266534 msh2 msh6 pms2
0FoHHXPY-8y-01186-00266535-00266775 um and you know some of them are due to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01187-00266776-00266943 epigenetic mechanisms which you may not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01188-00266944-00267151 have access to data too so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01189-00267152-00267358 you might see the signature you might
0FoHHXPY-8y-01190-00267359-00267615 not find the cause but the signature is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01191-00267616-00267806 so marked there's almost no question
0FoHHXPY-8y-01192-00267807-00268023 that there is mismatch repair deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01193-00268024-00268143 and we don't know this because we've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01194-00268144-00268303 done immunohistochemistry on these
0FoHHXPY-8y-01195-00268304-00268495 samples and sometimes the immuno is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01196-00268496-00268743 abnormal even when we cannot find the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01197-00268744-00268855 cause
0FoHHXPY-8y-01198-00268856-00269030 i would also say it's seen in many tumor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01199-00269031-00269223 types not just in colon and uterine
0FoHHXPY-8y-01200-00269224-00269367 colon and neutrons where it's seen the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01201-00269368-00269647 most but it's certainly not just there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01202-00269648-00269847 and just like what i mentioned earlier
0FoHHXPY-8y-01203-00269848-00270055 but fi using other algorithms to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01204-00270056-00270255 reinforce your finding you can use any
0FoHHXPY-8y-01205-00270256-00270382 of these additional algorithms that are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01206-00270383-00270623 out there msi seek tmb mmr detect all of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01207-00270624-00270751 it helps you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01208-00270752-00270951 to have the conviction that you're that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01209-00270952-00271103 what you're seeing is mismatched repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01210-00271104-00271271 deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01211-00271272-00271519 okay then um this one is polymerase
0FoHHXPY-8y-01212-00271520-00271815 epsilon or paul e dysregulation
0FoHHXPY-8y-01213-00271816-00272182 so this was known as sbs 10 until 2020
0FoHHXPY-8y-01214-00272183-00272375 and then this was split by the academic
0FoHHXPY-8y-01215-00272376-00272687 community into sbs 10a to 10d but this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01216-00272688-00272879 has not been validated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01217-00272880-00273039 there's new data and in fact it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01218-00273040-00273367 experimental data now to support sap s10
0FoHHXPY-8y-01219-00273368-00273655 a as being the poly dysregulated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01220-00273656-00273839 signature and why is it important to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01221-00273840-00274015 pick up it's because it has been shown
0FoHHXPY-8y-01222-00274016-00274295 to have sensitivity to immunotherapies
0FoHHXPY-8y-01223-00274296-00274510 so this is what sbs 10a looks like it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01224-00274511-00274823 got a tall blue peak c2a right at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01225-00274824-00275119 end that's at tct it's got a tall pink
0FoHHXPY-8y-01226-00275120-00275606 peak t2g mutations at ttt
0FoHHXPY-8y-01227-00275607-00275871 um and those are the two main features
0FoHHXPY-8y-01228-00275872-00276055 now you can go to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01229-00276056-00276271 sites and sort of explore these in more
0FoHHXPY-8y-01230-00276272-00276391 detail
0FoHHXPY-8y-01231-00276392-00276582 i will say that if you have a paul e
0FoHHXPY-8y-01232-00276583-00276695 signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01233-00276696-00276943 you will find every sample that has got
0FoHHXPY-8y-01234-00276944-00277255 the paul e signature you should find the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01235-00277256-00277534 driver mutation so we published and you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01236-00277535-00277775 can go to this site um to look at this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01237-00277776-00277975 information in more detail the different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01238-00277976-00278143 circles will tell you like the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01239-00278144-00278327 prevalence of the samples on which tumor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01240-00278328-00278479 types etc i don't have enough time to go
0FoHHXPY-8y-01241-00278480-00278639 into it today but just pretty in case
0FoHHXPY-8y-01242-00278640-00278839 you are interested but i would say that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01243-00278840-00279015 if you are seeing this signature hunt
0FoHHXPY-8y-01244-00279016-00279255 down that paul e mutation because in our
0FoHHXPY-8y-01245-00279256-00279430 latest piece of work it's not published
0FoHHXPY-8y-01246-00279431-00279582 yet but it's coming soon in genomics
0FoHHXPY-8y-01247-00279583-00279895 england every single polymerase epsilon
0FoHHXPY-8y-01248-00279896-00280079 signature that every single cancer that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01249-00280080-00280279 had polymerase epsilon signature had the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01250-00280280-00280510 poly mutation so you should be able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01251-00280511-00280719 find it um so it will work quite hard at
0FoHHXPY-8y-01252-00280720-00280799 that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01253-00280800-00281030 and why because these tumors tend to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01254-00281031-00281158 sensitive to immunotherapies and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01255-00281159-00281375 certainly we managed to get a patient
0FoHHXPY-8y-01256-00281376-00281527 checkpoint inhibitor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01257-00281528-00281727 treatment as a result of being able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01258-00281728-00281919 demonstrate his polymerase epsilon
0FoHHXPY-8y-01259-00281920-00282055 mutation in the end which was in a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01260-00282056-00282223 subclone so it's an important one to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01261-00282224-00282343 find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01262-00282344-00282519 um it is seen in about six percent of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01263-00282520-00282630 uterine cancers one percent of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01264-00282631-00282751 colorectal cancers and less than one
0FoHHXPY-8y-01265-00282752-00282895 percent of other tumor types so it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01266-00282896-00283143 rare thing but but if you do see it it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01267-00283144-00283375 really it's really one to not miss
0FoHHXPY-8y-01268-00283376-00283567 and 100 of cases have an identifiable
0FoHHXPY-8y-01269-00283568-00283782 genetic cause so don't miss this one
0FoHHXPY-8y-01270-00283783-00283967 that's the message
0FoHHXPY-8y-01271-00283968-00284071 okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-01272-00284072-00284263 this is not an unusual scenario where
0FoHHXPY-8y-01273-00284264-00284439 you get a mixture of mismatched repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01274-00284440-00284782 deficiency with polymerase dysregulation
0FoHHXPY-8y-01275-00284783-00285103 so signature 14 and signature 20 have
0FoHHXPY-8y-01276-00285104-00285303 been reported by others not by us by the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01277-00285304-00285534 broad in fact
0FoHHXPY-8y-01278-00285535-00285782 as being due to a mixture of mismatched
0FoHHXPY-8y-01279-00285783-00286006 repair deficiency n polymerase mutants
0FoHHXPY-8y-01280-00286007-00286230 the one at the top is i think um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01281-00286231-00286391 mismatch repair and pull e the one at
0FoHHXPY-8y-01282-00286392-00286758 the bottom is mismatch repair and pull d
0FoHHXPY-8y-01283-00286759-00286999 they will have a high tumor mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-01284-00287000-00287230 burden they will have a high indel
0FoHHXPY-8y-01285-00287231-00287382 phenotype
0FoHHXPY-8y-01286-00287383-00287551 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01287-00287552-00287767 but we haven't always been able to find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01288-00287768-00287895 the cause we haven't always been able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01289-00287896-00288327 find a genetic cause or epigenetic cause
0FoHHXPY-8y-01290-00288328-00288527 so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01291-00288528-00288639 i think the message i was trying to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01292-00288640-00288782 communicate here is that you do
0FoHHXPY-8y-01293-00288783-00289063 sometimes get mixtures of signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01294-00289064-00289199 like these two
0FoHHXPY-8y-01295-00289200-00289303 now
0FoHHXPY-8y-01296-00289304-00289534 these tumors also have a huge number of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01297-00289535-00289791 mutations sometimes in the millions
0FoHHXPY-8y-01298-00289792-00290030 and when you're hunting down that cause
0FoHHXPY-8y-01299-00290031-00290199 that genetic cause
0FoHHXPY-8y-01300-00290200-00290471 if you've got so many mutations then the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01301-00290472-00290663 chances of just hitting
0FoHHXPY-8y-01302-00290664-00290982 a potentially relevant gene is high
0FoHHXPY-8y-01303-00290983-00291191 so just because you find a mutation in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01304-00291192-00291351 what you think might be a causative gene
0FoHHXPY-8y-01305-00291352-00291543 does not mean that it's definitely a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01306-00291544-00291647 driver
0FoHHXPY-8y-01307-00291648-00291839 remember that if it's a tumor suppressor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01308-00291840-00291982 gene you really need to lose the other
0FoHHXPY-8y-01309-00291983-00292206 allele right so if it's not biologic
0FoHHXPY-8y-01310-00292207-00292367 loss it probably isn't
0FoHHXPY-8y-01311-00292368-00292575 um and so just be a little bit mindful
0FoHHXPY-8y-01312-00292576-00292751 if it's a missense mutation in a tumor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01313-00292752-00292934 suppressor gene you're not you cannot be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01314-00292935-00293158 sure it is a driver mutation at all so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01315-00293159-00293351 just just a caveat
0FoHHXPY-8y-01316-00293352-00293558 some of these signatures especially this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01317-00293559-00293734 one which is a mix of mismatch repair
0FoHHXPY-8y-01318-00293735-00293943 and polymerase tends to produce a really
0FoHHXPY-8y-01319-00293944-00294167 big mutated phenotype and not every
0FoHHXPY-8y-01320-00294168-00294343 mutation in every in in some of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01321-00294344-00294558 cancer genes are driver mutations
0FoHHXPY-8y-01322-00294559-00294663 okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-01323-00294664-00294919 uh moving swiftly on sps 96 which is not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01324-00294920-00295191 yet published but coming soon um is due
0FoHHXPY-8y-01325-00295192-00295447 to mbd4
0FoHHXPY-8y-01326-00295448-00295630 so um and the reason i highlight this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01327-00295631-00295815 because we're germline geneticists um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01328-00295816-00296103 and you might see this so uh this tall
0FoHHXPY-8y-01329-00296104-00296399 peaks at cpgs is just like signature one
0FoHHXPY-8y-01330-00296400-00296591 here's a picture of signature one here's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01331-00296592-00296767 signature 96 and there's really very
0FoHHXPY-8y-01332-00296768-00296967 little difference between them signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01333-00296968-00297110 one's got a little bit more noise at the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01334-00297111-00297223 bottom here
0FoHHXPY-8y-01335-00297224-00297430 um signature 96 is a bit more clean it's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01336-00297431-00297623 got these additional tiny peaks in the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01337-00297624-00297839 middle but the other thing to note is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01338-00297840-00298151 that there tends to be a hyper mutated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01339-00298152-00298351 phenotype so they tend to be these bars
0FoHHXPY-8y-01340-00298352-00298519 are much higher this y-axis is very
0FoHHXPY-8y-01341-00298520-00298654 different to this y-axis which you can't
0FoHHXPY-8y-01342-00298655-00298910 see unfortunately um but the other thing
0FoHHXPY-8y-01343-00298911-00299191 to note is that the relative heights are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01344-00299192-00299319 different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01345-00299320-00299543 so this height is going from the tallest
0FoHHXPY-8y-01346-00299544-00299751 peak down down down whereas this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01347-00299752-00299967 going down and it's going down up down
0FoHHXPY-8y-01348-00299968-00300087 okay and i know some of you will be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01349-00300088-00300287 sitting there going really serena
0FoHHXPY-8y-01350-00300288-00300358 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01351-00300359-00300567 it really it's true it is important
0FoHHXPY-8y-01352-00300568-00300679 because i can show you what the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01353-00300680-00300887 extractions look like in different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01354-00300888-00301103 cohorts so this is the gel cohort this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01355-00301104-00301271 is the extraction from bone and soft
0FoHHXPY-8y-01356-00301272-00301454 tissue this is the extraction from
0FoHHXPY-8y-01357-00301455-00301647 breast this is the extraction from skin
0FoHHXPY-8y-01358-00301648-00301903 these are all independently done and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01359-00301904-00302071 this is the extraction from the heart
0FoHHXPY-8y-01360-00302072-00302303 wick data set the metastatic cancer data
0FoHHXPY-8y-01361-00302304-00302606 set in skin you can see how identical
0FoHHXPY-8y-01362-00302607-00302806 they are they are so similar to each
0FoHHXPY-8y-01363-00302807-00302958 other and they are actually different
0FoHHXPY-8y-01364-00302959-00303215 signature one and again this these
0FoHHXPY-8y-01365-00303216-00303334 tumors have been reported to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01366-00303335-00303510 sensitive to checkpoint inhibitors so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01367-00303511-00303654 it's quite an important one to be able
0FoHHXPY-8y-01368-00303655-00303791 to spot
0FoHHXPY-8y-01369-00303792-00303975 it tends to be a hypomutated phenotype
0FoHHXPY-8y-01370-00303976-00304287 that's sbs 96 it's sbs1 so sbs1 tends to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01371-00304288-00304527 be down here 10 to the three sbs 96 is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01372-00304528-00304743 up there 10 to the four tenths of five
0FoHHXPY-8y-01373-00304744-00304919 um and as i said associated with mbd4
0FoHHXPY-8y-01374-00304920-00305087 mutations not always found we didn't
0FoHHXPY-8y-01375-00305088-00305254 always find them in genomics england for
0FoHHXPY-8y-01376-00305255-00305463 example they are rare but they are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01377-00305464-00305606 happening in several tumor types a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01378-00305607-00305791 little bit sporadically but they
0FoHHXPY-8y-01379-00305792-00305967 associate with response to immunotherapy
0FoHHXPY-8y-01380-00305968-00306334 so again one to be able to identify
0FoHHXPY-8y-01381-00306335-00306630 this is sbs 30
0FoHHXPY-8y-01382-00306631-00306823 c2ts and they have this very particular
0FoHHXPY-8y-01383-00306824-00307047 pattern in pairs um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01384-00307048-00307503 the tallest peaks are c2ts at um npcpa
0FoHHXPY-8y-01385-00307504-00307775 or npcpc which is mpcpa is this first
0FoHHXPY-8y-01386-00307776-00308030 one here that one there that one there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01387-00308031-00308295 npcpc is that one there that one there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01388-00308296-00308487 and that one there
0FoHHXPY-8y-01389-00308488-00308743 um they tend to have a slightly higher
0FoHHXPY-8y-01390-00308744-00309006 mutative uh mutation count mutation
0FoHHXPY-8y-01391-00309007-00309095 burden
0FoHHXPY-8y-01392-00309096-00309303 tends toward hypermutated phenotype but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01393-00309304-00309510 not perhaps as high as the mismatch
0FoHHXPY-8y-01394-00309511-00309767 repair signatures they tend to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01395-00309768-00309999 associated with nth l1 mutations in the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01396-00310000-00310279 germ line and or somatic and again
0FoHHXPY-8y-01397-00310280-00310479 they're not always found now this has
0FoHHXPY-8y-01398-00310480-00310623 been validated in an experimental
0FoHHXPY-8y-01399-00310624-00310734 setting in fact that's where it was
0FoHHXPY-8y-01400-00310735-00311054 found by hans cleaver's lab in 2017
0FoHHXPY-8y-01401-00311055-00311215 again it's rare but it does occur in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01402-00311216-00311399 several tumor times
0FoHHXPY-8y-01403-00311400-00311599 um and then these ones have been
0FoHHXPY-8y-01404-00311600-00311782 reported to be potentially sensitive
0FoHHXPY-8y-01405-00311783-00312039 actually to parp inhibitors um weirdly
0FoHHXPY-8y-01406-00312040-00312223 but because this is in this is a base
0FoHHXPY-8y-01407-00312224-00312471 excision repair pathway and perhaps
0FoHHXPY-8y-01408-00312472-00312615 leans on
0FoHHXPY-8y-01409-00312616-00312775 the single strand brake repair pathway
0FoHHXPY-8y-01410-00312776-00312934 which is where parp acts so it may not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01411-00312935-00313127 be a surprise that you'll find in your
0FoHHXPY-8y-01412-00313128-00313230 lifetime
0FoHHXPY-8y-01413-00313231-00313406 that part inhibition will be used for
0FoHHXPY-8y-01414-00313407-00313623 other situations and not just hr
0FoHHXPY-8y-01415-00313624-00313806 deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01416-00313807-00313999 okay and now we're going to sps-36 i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-01417-00314000-00314119 sort of conscious but in the last few
0FoHHXPY-8y-01418-00314120-00314454 minutes of the talk um so sps 36 is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01419-00314455-00314587 signature that's been associated with
0FoHHXPY-8y-01420-00314588-00314806 biology mutations again because this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01421-00314807-00315039 a germline community um and many of our
0FoHHXPY-8y-01422-00315040-00315239 germline analysis have actually reported
0FoHHXPY-8y-01423-00315240-00315334 this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01424-00315335-00315510 the main reason i wanted to highlight it
0FoHHXPY-8y-01425-00315511-00315758 is because it looks very similar to sbs
0FoHHXPY-8y-01426-00315759-00315863 18
0FoHHXPY-8y-01427-00315864-00316047 right it's nearly identical
0FoHHXPY-8y-01428-00316048-00316167 this particular signature i've shown
0FoHHXPY-8y-01429-00316168-00316295 with error bars
0FoHHXPY-8y-01430-00316296-00316399 because that was the only picture i had
0FoHHXPY-8y-01431-00316400-00316630 i'm afraid but but the tallest peaks are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01432-00316631-00316854 basically identical between these two
0FoHHXPY-8y-01433-00316855-00317110 signatures so i am i guess highlighting
0FoHHXPY-8y-01434-00317111-00317254 that sometimes it can be a little bit
0FoHHXPY-8y-01435-00317255-00317358 tricky
0FoHHXPY-8y-01436-00317359-00317582 um to distinguish signatures the good
0FoHHXPY-8y-01437-00317583-00317854 thing is in sps 36 you tend towards a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01438-00317855-00318143 hypomutated phenotype okay so sbs 18
0FoHHXPY-8y-01439-00318144-00318271 tends to be 10 to the power of three
0FoHHXPY-8y-01440-00318272-00318415 times above four
0FoHHXPY-8y-01441-00318416-00318615 sps 36 tends to be 10 to the power four
0FoHHXPY-8y-01442-00318616-00318782 times the power of five ten you know so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01443-00318783-00319006 higher mutation burden and associated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01444-00319007-00319319 with white biolic germline mutations
0FoHHXPY-8y-01445-00319320-00319463 um this has been validated in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01446-00319464-00319630 experimental scenting it's more frequent
0FoHHXPY-8y-01447-00319631-00319806 in colorectal cancers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01448-00319807-00320095 um and it's just a good one not to miss
0FoHHXPY-8y-01449-00320096-00320327 because of the germline implications in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01450-00320328-00320463 general people find the germline
0FoHHXPY-8y-01451-00320464-00320727 variants and then report the signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01452-00320728-00320847 okay so why
0FoHHXPY-8y-01453-00320848-00321030 the question is why are the signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01454-00321031-00321175 so similar to each other for those of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01455-00321176-00321471 you who like a bit of biochemistry
0FoHHXPY-8y-01456-00321472-00321671 the signatures are so similar to each
0FoHHXPY-8y-01457-00321672-00321958 other because they are primarily due to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01458-00321959-00322334 an excess of oxidative damage to guanine
0FoHHXPY-8y-01459-00322335-00322606 this is the easiest way to mutate
0FoHHXPY-8y-01460-00322607-00322823 guanine basically or you have oxygen
0FoHHXPY-8y-01461-00322824-00323127 everywhere and eight oxygen is a common
0FoHHXPY-8y-01462-00323128-00323454 dna damage outcome in your dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-01463-00323455-00323639 now um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01464-00323640-00323903 g could pair with c that would be the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01465-00323904-00324182 ideal situation it but you know it pairs
0FoHHXPY-8y-01466-00324183-00324471 correctly and what you need is og1 which
0FoHHXPY-8y-01467-00324472-00324647 is l-glycosylase it's called eight
0FoHHXPY-8y-01468-00324648-00324910 oxygen glycosylase it usually removes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01469-00324911-00325151 eight oxygen this is eight oxygen here
0FoHHXPY-8y-01470-00325152-00325375 so this is a correct pairing but you've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01471-00325376-00325558 still got eight oxygen and so your dna
0FoHHXPY-8y-01472-00325559-00325743 repair pathway comes along aguan comes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01473-00325744-00325934 along and removes eight oxygen and puts
0FoHHXPY-8y-01474-00325935-00326215 it back into a normal g this is the good
0FoHHXPY-8y-01475-00326216-00326447 correct outcome that you would like
0FoHHXPY-8y-01476-00326448-00326534 now
0FoHHXPY-8y-01477-00326535-00326863 mode yh acts in this pathway to do this
0FoHHXPY-8y-01478-00326864-00327023 because sometimes when you have eight
0FoHHXPY-8y-01479-00327024-00327327 oxygen instead of pairing with a c it
0FoHHXPY-8y-01480-00327328-00327582 pairs with an a eight oxygen prefers to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01481-00327583-00327782 pair with an a it looks more like a t
0FoHHXPY-8y-01482-00327783-00327975 and that's why it pairs with an a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01483-00327976-00328158 now that's not good because this is how
0FoHHXPY-8y-01484-00328159-00328334 you're going to get a mutation so to get
0FoHHXPY-8y-01485-00328335-00328599 rid of that what yh has to come along
0FoHHXPY-8y-01486-00328600-00328895 and what yh does is it removes the a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01487-00328896-00329103 so what why is his job it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01488-00329104-00329319 glycosylate as well but its job is to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01489-00329320-00329575 remove a's that have mispaired with
0FoHHXPY-8y-01490-00329576-00329734 eight oxo g
0FoHHXPY-8y-01491-00329735-00329975 and then it goes down the og1 pathway
0FoHHXPY-8y-01492-00329976-00330167 and that is why the yh and the r1
0FoHHXPY-8y-01493-00330168-00330415 signatures are so similar in appearance
0FoHHXPY-8y-01494-00330416-00330671 to each other okay
0FoHHXPY-8y-01495-00330672-00330815 um that's why you get these two
0FoHHXPY-8y-01496-00330816-00330951 different outcomes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01497-00330952-00331271 right so uh in the interest of time um a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01498-00331272-00331415 couple of other things here there's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01499-00331416-00331663 long tandem duplicators um this one is a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01500-00331664-00331903 bit more um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01501-00331904-00332071 tenure and i wouldn't say 10 years but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01502-00332072-00332206 but there's still a lot more clinical
0FoHHXPY-8y-01503-00332207-00332303 work to do there's still a lot more
0FoHHXPY-8y-01504-00332304-00332406 validation work to do but i'm
0FoHHXPY-8y-01505-00332407-00332534 highlighting them because you will hear
0FoHHXPY-8y-01506-00332535-00332767 about them in cancer research um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01507-00332768-00333054 uh seminars in cancer uh conferences so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01508-00333055-00333191 long tandem duplicators these are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01509-00333192-00333327 rearrangements
0FoHHXPY-8y-01510-00333328-00333439 i mentioned
0FoHHXPY-8y-01511-00333440-00333654 the rearrangement signature three in the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01512-00333655-00333887 braca deficient tumors where the tandem
0FoHHXPY-8y-01513-00333888-00334078 duplications are short they're 10kb or
0FoHHXPY-8y-01514-00334079-00334182 less
0FoHHXPY-8y-01515-00334183-00334591 but in rs1 they are a hundred kb or more
0FoHHXPY-8y-01516-00334592-00334878 and in rs14 they are one megabase or
0FoHHXPY-8y-01517-00334879-00335078 more so there's a big duplication and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01518-00335079-00335239 it's reinserted
0FoHHXPY-8y-01519-00335240-00335478 and rs1 is associated with cyclin e1
0FoHHXPY-8y-01520-00335479-00335743 amplifications rs14 is associated with
0FoHHXPY-8y-01521-00335744-00336023 cdk12 mutations both of these have been
0FoHHXPY-8y-01522-00336024-00336287 associated with poor prognosis in tnbc
0FoHHXPY-8y-01523-00336288-00336543 this one in particular cdk12 with poor
0FoHHXPY-8y-01524-00336544-00336727 prognosis and ovarian cancer so i'm only
0FoHHXPY-8y-01525-00336728-00336839 highlighting them because people have
0FoHHXPY-8y-01526-00336840-00336967 started to report on some of these so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01527-00336968-00337103 you have to watch this space this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01528-00337104-00337278 going to change
0FoHHXPY-8y-01529-00337279-00337399 and then there's a couple of others to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01530-00337400-00337575 just keep your eye on which is the apple
0FoHHXPY-8y-01531-00337576-00337758 back signatures down here's sps2 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01532-00337759-00338047 sps13 they're very similar to each other
0FoHHXPY-8y-01533-00338048-00338230 they have this very particular pattern
0FoHHXPY-8y-01534-00338231-00338534 and they correct tpcs and sbs 17 which
0FoHHXPY-8y-01535-00338535-00338734 are mainly t2g mutations at these
0FoHHXPY-8y-01536-00338735-00338903 particular sites
0FoHHXPY-8y-01537-00338904-00339071 the only reason i mention them is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01538-00339072-00339263 because they are reported to be enriched
0FoHHXPY-8y-01539-00339264-00339430 in metastatic cancer so they may be a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01540-00339431-00339671 bit of a harbinger of poor outcomes down
0FoHHXPY-8y-01541-00339672-00339910 the line but very early days yet still
0FoHHXPY-8y-01542-00339911-00340206 something to just be aware of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01543-00340207-00340447 okay so i've sort of galloped through um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01544-00340448-00340687 the signatures um in more in sort of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01545-00340688-00340823 detail
0FoHHXPY-8y-01546-00340824-00341087 um but i hope that the summary tables in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01547-00341088-00341375 green help you sort of to to um look at
0FoHHXPY-8y-01548-00341376-00341663 things in a more clinical way uh so in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01549-00341664-00341878 this webinar we covered what a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01550-00341879-00342078 mutational signature is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01551-00342079-00342351 um how to um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01552-00342352-00342519 think about uh what a signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01553-00342520-00342719 extraction is how a signature extraction
0FoHHXPY-8y-01554-00342720-00342847 is performed what are the caveats
0FoHHXPY-8y-01555-00342848-00342982 associated with that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01556-00342983-00343175 clinically for you you're going to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01557-00343176-00343303 assume that the signatures that have
0FoHHXPY-8y-01558-00343304-00343439 been extracted are fine you're just
0FoHHXPY-8y-01559-00343440-00343671 going to use those signatures to assign
0FoHHXPY-8y-01560-00343672-00343871 them to your samples and then i've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01561-00343872-00344063 suggested ways to think about the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01562-00344064-00344230 signature results that you get don't
0FoHHXPY-8y-01563-00344231-00344399 just swallow what people give you have a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01564-00344400-00344599 little think about whether it fits does
0FoHHXPY-8y-01565-00344600-00344710 it fit
0FoHHXPY-8y-01566-00344711-00344839 if you see something that's clinically
0FoHHXPY-8y-01567-00344840-00345047 relevant what are the additional things
0FoHHXPY-8y-01568-00345048-00345358 to look out for um to help support your
0FoHHXPY-8y-01569-00345359-00345510 suspicion
0FoHHXPY-8y-01570-00345511-00345663 so that's it i'm going to stop there i
0FoHHXPY-8y-01571-00345664-00345839 would like to just take a couple of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01572-00345840-00345958 acknowledgements i didn't get to it last
0FoHHXPY-8y-01573-00345959-00346167 time around which is that all the work
0FoHHXPY-8y-01574-00346168-00346391 that you have heard is based on a lot of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01575-00346392-00346582 work done by other people and a lot of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01576-00346583-00346751 vision of other people whether it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01577-00346752-00346934 human genome project or whether it's an
0FoHHXPY-8y-01578-00346935-00347078 international cancer genome consortium
0FoHHXPY-8y-01579-00347079-00347295 or the heartwork or cpct or tcga or even
0FoHHXPY-8y-01580-00347296-00347527 genomics england they had the vision to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01581-00347528-00347671 collect the data people like me come
0FoHHXPY-8y-01582-00347672-00347815 along and play with the data and then
0FoHHXPY-8y-01583-00347816-00348006 get to tell the stories from the data
0FoHHXPY-8y-01584-00348007-00348151 but why we are really standing on the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01585-00348152-00348295 shoulders of giants i'd like to thank
0FoHHXPY-8y-01586-00348296-00348454 the patients families and the clinicians
0FoHHXPY-8y-01587-00348455-00348663 that have contributed samples all of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01588-00348664-00348854 these people are my various funders and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01589-00348855-00348999 of course my wonderful team without
0FoHHXPY-8y-01590-00349000-00349143 which i wouldn't be able to put slides
0FoHHXPY-8y-01591-00349144-00349319 together today so i'd like to thank them
0FoHHXPY-8y-01592-00349320-00349478 all very very much and i'm happy to take
0FoHHXPY-8y-01593-00349479-00350047 any questions thank you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01594-00350048-00350263 amazing amazing amazing serena that was
0FoHHXPY-8y-01595-00350264-00350471 fantastic you use the phrase mind
0FoHHXPY-8y-01596-00350472-00350639 boggling in the middle of that and i
0FoHHXPY-8y-01597-00350640-00350975 think that you know is evident um but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01598-00350976-00351158 you know you made a very complicated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01599-00351159-00351454 topic very palatable so thanks so much
0FoHHXPY-8y-01600-00351455-00351630 and there's a couple of questions some
0FoHHXPY-8y-01601-00351631-00351775 of them are technical and some of them
0FoHHXPY-8y-01602-00351776-00351927 are more related to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01603-00351928-00352103 therapy so i'm just going to fly through
0FoHHXPY-8y-01604-00352104-00352319 that we won't get to them all but um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01605-00352320-00352503 i'll pick the the most interesting well
0FoHHXPY-8y-01606-00352504-00352639 not interesting but the most interesting
0FoHHXPY-8y-01607-00352640-00352895 to me personally um so one person has
0FoHHXPY-8y-01608-00352896-00353230 asked um if you can use whole exome data
0FoHHXPY-8y-01609-00353231-00353391 to generate these signatures and if
0FoHHXPY-8y-01610-00353392-00353534 they're different to those that you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01611-00353535-00353823 generate from whole genome analysis
0FoHHXPY-8y-01612-00353824-00354063 okay so um oh nice tough question where
0FoHHXPY-8y-01613-00354064-00354263 at the start
0FoHHXPY-8y-01614-00354264-00354519 so the um order of magnitude reduction
0FoHHXPY-8y-01615-00354520-00354791 is you know 100 fold between genome to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01616-00354792-00355039 an exome um and so the numbers of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01617-00355040-00355199 mutations you get from a genome let's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01618-00355200-00355430 say it's about 4 000 the number that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01619-00355431-00355663 you'll get from an exome is 40. and so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01620-00355664-00355782 when you've got 40 and you're trying to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01621-00355783-00355919 do your assignment remember your
0FoHHXPY-8y-01622-00355920-00356143 signatures have got 96 channels
0FoHHXPY-8y-01623-00356144-00356351 and if a sample's got three signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01624-00356352-00356558 trying to divide 40 mutations across
0FoHHXPY-8y-01625-00356559-00356727 three signatures means that you're
0FoHHXPY-8y-01626-00356728-00356903 deeply underpowered
0FoHHXPY-8y-01627-00356904-00356991 so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01628-00356992-00357110 um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01629-00357111-00357487 can it be done yes it can is it any good
0FoHHXPY-8y-01630-00357488-00357743 probably not so is it possible to do it
0FoHHXPY-8y-01631-00357744-00357903 yes but you know is it very robust
0FoHHXPY-8y-01632-00357904-00358054 probably not now if you have a signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01633-00358055-00358247 that's very tall and peaky like
0FoHHXPY-8y-01634-00358248-00358454 signature 17 that had the really clear
0FoHHXPY-8y-01635-00358455-00358630 or you have apple back or mismatch
0FoHHXPY-8y-01636-00358631-00358847 repair deficiency then exomes you can
0FoHHXPY-8y-01637-00358848-00359015 probably get away with but if you have
0FoHHXPY-8y-01638-00359016-00359254 really flat signatures then exomes are a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01639-00359255-00359399 little bit dangerous and those are the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01640-00359400-00359527 papers that i get to review where
0FoHHXPY-8y-01641-00359528-00359903 everyone seems to have hr deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01642-00359904-00360039 yeah absolutely
0FoHHXPY-8y-01643-00360040-00360271 great and another technical question uh
0FoHHXPY-8y-01644-00360272-00360487 what if i run the extraction multiple
0FoHHXPY-8y-01645-00360488-00360695 times will i expect different outcomes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01646-00360696-00360975 are the rolled out are not the same
0FoHHXPY-8y-01647-00360976-00361119 okay so this comes back to the point i
0FoHHXPY-8y-01648-00361120-00361287 made right at the start where you you
0FoHHXPY-8y-01649-00361288-00361430 would run it several times anyway to try
0FoHHXPY-8y-01650-00361431-00361639 to get all the different solutions um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01651-00361640-00361887 and then you would try to see what the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01652-00361888-00362199 best solution is so so you know um not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01653-00362200-00362278 not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01654-00362279-00362527 not it's it's not one run you would be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01655-00362528-00362671 when you when you when you do the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01656-00362672-00362863 extraction you would be running that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01657-00362864-00363087 algorithm recurrently to try to see what
0FoHHXPY-8y-01658-00363088-00363310 the best results going to be and yeah
0FoHHXPY-8y-01659-00363311-00363454 it's not it's not precise it's a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01660-00363455-00363734 multiple solution problem and um i came
0FoHHXPY-8y-01661-00363735-00363999 i covered this point in webinar one as
0FoHHXPY-8y-01662-00364000-00364206 well actually we this happens in copy
0FoHHXPY-8y-01663-00364207-00364406 number analysis this is not new this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01664-00364407-00364606 not a new problem but i think it's very
0FoHHXPY-8y-01665-00364607-00364767 much in people's heads like oh my god
0FoHHXPY-8y-01666-00364768-00364895 how do we how do we know what we're
0FoHHXPY-8y-01667-00364896-00365078 looking at is correct
0FoHHXPY-8y-01668-00365079-00365254 but uh you know i think run it many
0FoHHXPY-8y-01669-00365255-00365423 times and you'll find that after you've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01670-00365424-00365623 run it many times actually some of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01671-00365624-00365767 solutions tend to look rather similar to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01672-00365768-00365871 each other so you know that you've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01673-00365872-00366087 probably settled into the right spot
0FoHHXPY-8y-01674-00366088-00366206 fantastic
0FoHHXPY-8y-01675-00366207-00366358 um another really interesting question
0FoHHXPY-8y-01676-00366359-00366558 here so in a research setting with ngs
0FoHHXPY-8y-01677-00366559-00366758 data do we assign mutational signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01678-00366759-00367006 on the drivers alone or the drivers and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01679-00367007-00367158 the passengers
0FoHHXPY-8y-01680-00367159-00367239 and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01681-00367240-00367463 great okay and another question aligned
0FoHHXPY-8y-01682-00367464-00367623 that are there any publicly available
0FoHHXPY-8y-01683-00367624-00367934 tools to assign signatures on their data
0FoHHXPY-8y-01684-00367935-00368167 yes yes there are um which i didn't put
0FoHHXPY-8y-01685-00368168-00368327 down in here because i consider that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01686-00368328-00368534 like highly technical stuff but i can
0FoHHXPY-8y-01687-00368535-00368710 provide that sort of information as well
0FoHHXPY-8y-01688-00368711-00368887 yes yes there's about eight or nine
0FoHHXPY-8y-01689-00368888-00369054 tools we've got a new one that's coming
0FoHHXPY-8y-01690-00369055-00369319 out very very shortly hopefully um which
0FoHHXPY-8y-01691-00369320-00369495 is based on genomics england data so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01692-00369496-00369719 that people you can literally you know
0FoHHXPY-8y-01693-00369720-00369927 put in one line of code and it will run
0FoHHXPY-8y-01694-00369928-00370151 it for you for your tumor type
0FoHHXPY-8y-01695-00370152-00370478 um on the latest version of the gel
0FoHHXPY-8y-01696-00370479-00370767 analysis um and um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01697-00370768-00370958 uh well yeah and that will be freely
0FoHHXPY-8y-01698-00370959-00371127 available shortly
0FoHHXPY-8y-01699-00371128-00371358 fantastic and some therapy related
0FoHHXPY-8y-01700-00371359-00371495 questions and i don't know if you'll be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01701-00371496-00371734 able to answer this actually but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01702-00371735-00371982 when you identify a mutational signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01703-00371983-00372327 say for poli or for hrd can you use the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01704-00372328-00372478 signature to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01705-00372479-00372687 confer eligibility for a particular
0FoHHXPY-8y-01706-00372688-00372863 targeted agent
0FoHHXPY-8y-01707-00372864-00373015 even if a mutation hasn't been
0FoHHXPY-8y-01708-00373016-00373206 identified in the relevant gene
0FoHHXPY-8y-01709-00373207-00373334 um so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01710-00373335-00373575 this is a regulatory question
0FoHHXPY-8y-01711-00373576-00373847 and we're not there yet but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01712-00373848-00374030 it it you know i think we need to do the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01713-00374031-00374239 studies in this country to try to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01714-00374240-00374391 demonstrate that we should be able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01715-00374392-00374567 because you know like a third of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01716-00374568-00374727 bracket-efficient cancers we can't find
0FoHHXPY-8y-01717-00374728-00374919 a cause but we can see the signatures
0FoHHXPY-8y-01718-00374920-00375143 and mismatch repair as well in in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01719-00375144-00375310 especially in the non-colorectal and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01720-00375311-00375527 non-uterine you can see the signature
0FoHHXPY-8y-01721-00375528-00375687 it's there but we just can't find the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01722-00375688-00375967 cause and it feels slightly crazy that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01723-00375968-00376127 we need to have a driver mutation but
0FoHHXPY-8y-01724-00376128-00376382 right now today i think you you would
0FoHHXPY-8y-01725-00376383-00376575 need the driver mutation so we're not
0FoHHXPY-8y-01726-00376576-00376743 there yet but we'd like to be able to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01727-00376744-00376919 push it to that point
0FoHHXPY-8y-01728-00376920-00377071 that whole mismatch repair deficiency
0FoHHXPY-8y-01729-00377072-00377239 question is uh
0FoHHXPY-8y-01730-00377240-00377391 pandora's box because we already
0FoHHXPY-8y-01731-00377392-00377558 struggled with the lynch like just on
0FoHHXPY-8y-01732-00377559-00377758 the ihc so um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01733-00377759-00378006 hold fire for a while if you think that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01734-00378007-00378278 problem um another question sorry i know
0FoHHXPY-8y-01735-00378279-00378430 i'm conscious we're we're running out of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01736-00378431-00378647 time we could keep you here all day um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01737-00378648-00378830 someone has commented on the fact that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01738-00378831-00379110 tp3 tb53 mutated tumors tend to be
0FoHHXPY-8y-01739-00379111-00379327 genomically quite quiet and what's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01740-00379328-00379854 what's the reason for that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01741-00379855-00380078 they tend not to be hypermutated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01742-00380079-00380302 if they're p53 mutated
0FoHHXPY-8y-01743-00380303-00380502 really this person apparently had
0FoHHXPY-8y-01744-00380503-00380727 endometrial cancers so this person said
0FoHHXPY-8y-01745-00380728-00380847 in their endometrial cancers they've
0FoHHXPY-8y-01746-00380848-00381110 noticed that tp53 mutant tumors tend to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01747-00381111-00381406 have a low tmb yeah i don't know i'm i
0FoHHXPY-8y-01748-00381407-00381519 um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01749-00381520-00381727 yeah so i i i don't know what the causes
0FoHHXPY-8y-01750-00381728-00381975 there might be um i think and hopefully
0FoHHXPY-8y-01751-00381976-00382119 in the next webinar i'm gonna we're
0FoHHXPY-8y-01752-00382120-00382319 gonna walk through some samples where
0FoHHXPY-8y-01753-00382320-00382478 it's every patient so individual
0FoHHXPY-8y-01754-00382479-00382671 sometimes it was about the one of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01755-00382672-00382815 examples actually that i had was a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01756-00382816-00383071 uterine cancer but it had a p53 mutation
0FoHHXPY-8y-01757-00383072-00383351 but it definitely had backup mutagenesis
0FoHHXPY-8y-01758-00383352-00383582 so it had a low tmb in the sense that it
0FoHHXPY-8y-01759-00383583-00383727 didn't hit the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01760-00383728-00383991 threshold that mismatch repair and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01761-00383992-00384230 polymerase epsilon mutants usually are
0FoHHXPY-8y-01762-00384231-00384502 high tmb it's got a low tmb but it is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01763-00384503-00384663 still genomically unstable and it was a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01764-00384664-00384847 bracket deficient cancer and it was p53
0FoHHXPY-8y-01765-00384848-00384982 mutated so
0FoHHXPY-8y-01766-00384983-00385127 you know i think yeah i think what we
0FoHHXPY-8y-01767-00385128-00385278 need to do is start looking at the whole
0FoHHXPY-8y-01768-00385279-00385415 genome and interpreting all of it
0FoHHXPY-8y-01769-00385416-00385606 together uh so not just mutational
0FoHHXPY-8y-01770-00385607-00385710 signatures although i've given that
0FoHHXPY-8y-01771-00385711-00385839 whole lecture on signatures i don't
0FoHHXPY-8y-01772-00385840-00386023 think it's the be all and end all at all
0FoHHXPY-8y-01773-00386024-00386167 i actually think you need to take
0FoHHXPY-8y-01774-00386168-00386319 everything together including the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01775-00386320-00386606 drivers including the germline and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01776-00386607-00386743 interpret all of it together and that's
0FoHHXPY-8y-01777-00386744-00386902 what i'm hoping to cover in the next um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01778-00386903-00387206 webinar um but you know that we are in
0FoHHXPY-8y-01779-00387207-00387367 early stages where you know and i'm just
0FoHHXPY-8y-01780-00387368-00387478 trying to get more people to sort of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01781-00387479-00387815 think the way we think um and uh and and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01782-00387816-00387919 hopefully we'll all learn together
0FoHHXPY-8y-01783-00387920-00388127 because there's so much to do um but i
0FoHHXPY-8y-01784-00388128-00388271 you know although i've sort of i'm a
0FoHHXPY-8y-01785-00388272-00388430 proponent of mutational sciences by no
0FoHHXPY-8y-01786-00388431-00388567 means do i think it's a be all and end
0FoHHXPY-8y-01787-00388568-00388702 all i think we need to bring all of the
0FoHHXPY-8y-01788-00388703-00388830 information together potentially
0FoHHXPY-8y-01789-00388831-00389063 including transcriptomics in due course
0FoHHXPY-8y-01790-00389064-00389287 it's like everything is not just context
0FoHHXPY-8y-01791-00389288-00389487 specific i guess you know right
0FoHHXPY-8y-01792-00389488-00389671 brilliant so i think we we're probably
0FoHHXPY-8y-01793-00389672-00389895 at time now as i said i could talk to
0FoHHXPY-8y-01794-00389896-00390134 you all day selfishly i'd love to but um
0FoHHXPY-8y-01795-00390135-00390263 i am conscious that we're at the end of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01796-00390264-00390502 our time i can only thank you once again
0FoHHXPY-8y-01797-00390503-00390678 and to remind everybody that this is
0FoHHXPY-8y-01798-00390679-00390902 only the second of three webinars and
0FoHHXPY-8y-01799-00390903-00391119 serena's already giving you little hints
0FoHHXPY-8y-01800-00391120-00391278 as to what's coming up in the next talk
0FoHHXPY-8y-01801-00391279-00391430 so i'm certainly really looking forward
0FoHHXPY-8y-01802-00391431-00391678 to it i enjoyed this immensely as as of
0FoHHXPY-8y-01803-00391679-00391839 last week's as well so thanks so much
0FoHHXPY-8y-01804-00391840-00392030 for your time again it's been wonderful
0FoHHXPY-8y-01805-00392031-00392175 pleasure thank you thanks for inviting
0FoHHXPY-8y-01806-00392176-00392596 me see you soon bye
0G_mpgEOntQ-00000-00000003-00000350 a rocket turbine engine as a combination
0G_mpgEOntQ-00001-00000351-00000563 of two types of propulsion engines a
0G_mpgEOntQ-00002-00000564-00000805 liquid fuel rocket and a turbine jet
0G_mpgEOntQ-00003-00000806-00001129 engine its power-to-weight ratio as a
0G_mpgEOntQ-00004-00001130-00001361 little higher than a regular jet engine
0G_mpgEOntQ-00005-00001362-00001817 and work at higher altitudes
0HvXuoACjgg-00000-00000035-00000221 hello students and welcome back to bank
0HvXuoACjgg-00001-00000222-00000419 exam twitter.com my name is ramandeep
0HvXuoACjgg-00002-00000420-00000713 Singh so students should be grade A 2023
0HvXuoACjgg-00003-00000714-00001043 2022 2023 notification is out there are
0HvXuoACjgg-00004-00001044-00001253 100 vacancies and let's start the
0HvXuoACjgg-00005-00001254-00001343 session
0HvXuoACjgg-00006-00001344-00001558 100 vacancies are there and today we are
0HvXuoACjgg-00007-00001559-00001726 going to discuss all the details we are
0HvXuoACjgg-00008-00001727-00001907 going to discuss the syllabus
0HvXuoACjgg-00009-00001907-00002176 so let's start you can apply from today
0HvXuoACjgg-00010-00002177-00002465 itself from 14th of December you can you
0HvXuoACjgg-00011-00002466-00002789 know apply last day to apply is 3rd of
0HvXuoACjgg-00012-00002790-00002975 January 2023
0HvXuoACjgg-00013-00002976-00003347 the exam is going to be held on
0HvXuoACjgg-00014-00003347-00003593 in the month of January or February the
0HvXuoACjgg-00015-00003594-00003881 cutoff date for the eligibility criteria
0HvXuoACjgg-00016-00003882-00004177 related to age age
0HvXuoACjgg-00017-00004178-00004613 14th of uh December 2022 cutoff date for
0HvXuoACjgg-00018-00004614-00004967 age for Education qualification it is a
0HvXuoACjgg-00019-00004968-00005267 third of January 2023 so the cutoff
0HvXuoACjgg-00020-00005268-00005561 dates for age and education
0HvXuoACjgg-00021-00005562-00005902 qualifications are different please note
0HvXuoACjgg-00022-00005903-00006197 that point okay the interviews are going
0HvXuoACjgg-00023-00006198-00006370 to be conducted in the month of February
0HvXuoACjgg-00024-00006371-00006628 uh also note that okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00025-00006629-00006875 the eligibility criteria let me just
0HvXuoACjgg-00026-00006876-00007145 hide myself
0HvXuoACjgg-00027-00007145-00007433 the educational qualifications you
0HvXuoACjgg-00028-00007434-00007583 should be up
0HvXuoACjgg-00029-00007584-00007798 post graduate degree
0HvXuoACjgg-00030-00007800-00008141 in any discipline maybe a b com uh M
0HvXuoACjgg-00031-00008142-00008453 economics MBA then you are eligible the
0HvXuoACjgg-00032-00008454-00008664 University or Institute must be
0HvXuoACjgg-00033-00008665-00008921 recognized by ugc or the central
0HvXuoACjgg-00034-00008922-00009269 government if you do not have PG then a
0HvXuoACjgg-00035-00009270-00009527 bachelor's degree in law so there is an
0HvXuoACjgg-00036-00009528-00009755 or here okay or
0HvXuoACjgg-00037-00009756-00010133 the llbs or btec or be then you are
0HvXuoACjgg-00038-00010134-00010378 eligible preferably civil electrical and
0HvXuoACjgg-00039-00010379-00010553 mechanical even if you have computer
0HvXuoACjgg-00040-00010554-00010864 science degree you are eligible a
0HvXuoACjgg-00041-00010865-00011038 chartered accountant company secretary
0HvXuoACjgg-00042-00011039-00011453 CWA CFA CMA or a PhD from institutes
0HvXuoACjgg-00043-00011454-00011705 recognized by government of India and
0HvXuoACjgg-00044-00011706-00012137 ugc even then you are eligible as on 3rd
0HvXuoACjgg-00045-00012138-00012359 of January 2023
0HvXuoACjgg-00046-00012360-00012778 age criteria the cutoff date is uh 14th
0HvXuoACjgg-00047-00012779-00013271 of December 2022 21 to 28 years then you
0HvXuoACjgg-00048-00013272-00013547 are eligible candidates born not earlier
0HvXuoACjgg-00049-00013547-00013619 than
0HvXuoACjgg-00050-00013619-00013972 4th of December 1994 and not later than
0HvXuoACjgg-00051-00013973-00014327 15th of December 2001 then you are
0HvXuoACjgg-00052-00014328-00014680 actually eligible okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00053-00014681-00014927 exam pattern is there there is English
0HvXuoACjgg-00054-00014928-00015119 language General awareness reasoning
0HvXuoACjgg-00055-00015119-00015466 aptitude and quantitative aptitude four
0HvXuoACjgg-00056-00015468-00015725 sections are their English reasoning
0HvXuoACjgg-00057-00015726-00016072 Quant and general awareness
0HvXuoACjgg-00058-00016073-00016372 so total 160 questions are there 200
0HvXuoACjgg-00059-00016373-00016733 marks are there okay 60 marks each for
0HvXuoACjgg-00060-00016734-00016979 Quantum reasoning 30 marks in English
0HvXuoACjgg-00061-00016980-00017230 language 50 in the general awareness
0HvXuoACjgg-00062-00017231-00017322 okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00063-00017323-00017561 sectional timing is there for English
0HvXuoACjgg-00064-00017562-00017747 language 20 minutes is I guess
0HvXuoACjgg-00065-00017748-00017975 sufficient for 30 questions for General
0HvXuoACjgg-00066-00017976-00018191 awareness it's more than sufficient uh
0HvXuoACjgg-00067-00018192-00018407 and then Quant and reasoning sufficient
0HvXuoACjgg-00068-00018408-00018700 timing time has been allotted for Quant
0HvXuoACjgg-00069-00018701-00018863 I guess 30 minutes is not really
0HvXuoACjgg-00070-00018864-00019205 sufficient but okay you need to choose
0HvXuoACjgg-00071-00019206-00019486 ah then you need to type your answers
0HvXuoACjgg-00072-00019487-00019685 for the descriptive paper descriptive
0HvXuoACjgg-00073-00019686-00019961 paper here you need a comprising of two
0HvXuoACjgg-00074-00019962-00020255 essays on financial banking economic
0HvXuoACjgg-00075-00020256-00020530 social issues in India and one business
0HvXuoACjgg-00076-00020531-00020872 letters okay two essays and one business
0HvXuoACjgg-00077-00020873-00021233 letters teen questions hey 50 marks uh
0HvXuoACjgg-00078-00021234-00021491 is there 50 marks are there right so uh
0HvXuoACjgg-00079-00021492-00021833 200 marks for the objective paper and 50
0HvXuoACjgg-00080-00021834-00022139 marks for the descriptive paper it is
0HvXuoACjgg-00081-00022140-00022367 essential to attempt all three questions
0HvXuoACjgg-00082-00022368-00022600 two essays you need to write and one
0HvXuoACjgg-00083-00022601-00022961 letter 20 marks for each essay and uh 10
0HvXuoACjgg-00084-00022962-00023243 Mark for one letter so 180 minutes are
0HvXuoACjgg-00085-00023244-00023597 allotted or overall 120 minute on the uh
0HvXuoACjgg-00086-00023598-00023844 objective paper and 60 Minute in the
0HvXuoACjgg-00087-00023845-00024113 subjective or the descriptive paper
0HvXuoACjgg-00088-00024114-00024389 the syllabus for English language there
0HvXuoACjgg-00089-00024390-00024599 is reading comprehensions closed test
0HvXuoACjgg-00090-00024600-00024833 error spotting double filler sentence
0HvXuoACjgg-00091-00024834-00025000 rearrangement and vocabulary based
0HvXuoACjgg-00092-00025001-00025103 conversions
0HvXuoACjgg-00093-00025104-00025327 reading comprehensions are most
0HvXuoACjgg-00094-00025328-00025583 important students
0HvXuoACjgg-00095-00025584-00025787 and then quantitative aptitude there is
0HvXuoACjgg-00096-00025788-00026044 data interpretations boats and streams
0HvXuoACjgg-00097-00026045-00026368 number system time and work time speed
0HvXuoACjgg-00098-00026369-00026627 and distance Partnerships mixtures and
0HvXuoACjgg-00099-00026627-00026755 allegations
0HvXuoACjgg-00100-00026756-00027137 ages and averages profit and loss
0HvXuoACjgg-00101-00027138-00027352 percentage and interest problem based on
0HvXuoACjgg-00102-00027354-00027683 trains pipes and systems area and volume
0HvXuoACjgg-00103-00027683-00027935 number series linear equation quadratic
0HvXuoACjgg-00104-00027936-00028205 equation and data sufficiency
0HvXuoACjgg-00105-00028206-00028385 ah followed by the reasoning ability
0HvXuoACjgg-00106-00028386-00028601 machine input output puzzle sitting
0HvXuoACjgg-00107-00028602-00028768 Arrangement order and ranking
0HvXuoACjgg-00108-00028769-00029051 inequalities most important puzzles and
0HvXuoACjgg-00109-00029052-00029261 sitting Arrangement two three sets would
0HvXuoACjgg-00110-00029262-00029537 be there common inequalities easy
0HvXuoACjgg-00111-00029538-00029801 syllogism is actually very easy most of
0HvXuoACjgg-00112-00029802-00029981 the time it's there it's a logism it's
0HvXuoACjgg-00113-00029982-00030149 very easy five questions would be there
0HvXuoACjgg-00114-00030150-00030424 in the exam Direction sensors toward
0HvXuoACjgg-00115-00030425-00030562 blood relations two three two three
0HvXuoACjgg-00116-00030563-00030701 questions would be there from these
0HvXuoACjgg-00117-00030702-00030917 topics and statement and assumption
0HvXuoACjgg-00118-00030918-00031114 statement and conclusions cause and
0HvXuoACjgg-00119-00031116-00031318 effects treatment and arguments four or
0HvXuoACjgg-00120-00031319-00031451 five questions would be there from these
0HvXuoACjgg-00121-00031452-00031631 topics very common topics nowadays
0HvXuoACjgg-00122-00031632-00031870 coding and decoding would be there five
0HvXuoACjgg-00123-00031872-00032045 questions would be there in the exam
0HvXuoACjgg-00124-00032045-00032290 from this topic okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00125-00032291-00032543 General awareness students you need to
0HvXuoACjgg-00126-00032544-00032771 start with the RBI circulars we always
0HvXuoACjgg-00127-00032772-00032957 recommend our students to read the RBI
0HvXuoACjgg-00128-00032958-00033173 circulars government schemes it's an
0HvXuoACjgg-00129-00033174-00033395 important topic banking products latest
0HvXuoACjgg-00130-00033396-00033731 banking news the priority sector basal
0HvXuoACjgg-00131-00033732-00033959 Norms RBA regulations so which is part
0HvXuoACjgg-00132-00033960-00034246 of RBA circulars Indian Financial system
0HvXuoACjgg-00133-00034247-00034415 Financial Market instruments
0HvXuoACjgg-00134-00034416-00034607 International reports and indices and
0HvXuoACjgg-00135-00034608-00034889 important committees foreign investment
0HvXuoACjgg-00136-00034890-00035062 and trade
0HvXuoACjgg-00137-00035063-00035261 followed by a union budget would be
0HvXuoACjgg-00138-00035262-00035507 there I hope the exam would be held
0HvXuoACjgg-00139-00035508-00035729 after the union budget is released for
0HvXuoACjgg-00140-00035730-00035873 next year
0HvXuoACjgg-00141-00035874-00036167 uh mergers and mous in financial
0HvXuoACjgg-00142-00036168-00036412 regulatory institutions in India mutual
0HvXuoACjgg-00143-00036413-00036690 funds ratio analysis
0HvXuoACjgg-00144-00036691-00037007 the break-even analysis time value of
0HvXuoACjgg-00145-00037008-00037157 money working Capital Management
0HvXuoACjgg-00146-00037158-00037481 factoring dividend policy
0HvXuoACjgg-00147-00037482-00037817 uh derivatives capital structure cost of
0HvXuoACjgg-00148-00037818-00038027 capital right so these are the important
0HvXuoACjgg-00149-00038028-00038243 topics okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00150-00038244-00038543 followed by see uh you can see that key
0HvXuoACjgg-00151-00038544-00039035 after uh this uh you know mutual funds
0HvXuoACjgg-00152-00039036-00039280 FM is there a portion of FM is there
0HvXuoACjgg-00153-00039281-00039430 which we are going to cover don't worry
0HvXuoACjgg-00154-00039431-00039767 okay cash flow statement uh banking
0HvXuoACjgg-00155-00039768-00040049 regulation act surf I see act IBC is
0HvXuoACjgg-00156-00040050-00040229 very important which we are going to
0HvXuoACjgg-00157-00040230-00040324 cover
0HvXuoACjgg-00158-00040325-00040529 a surprise C currency consumer
0HvXuoACjgg-00159-00040530-00040745 protection act taxation companies act
0HvXuoACjgg-00160-00040746-00040955 and RBA Hut so this is the syllabus for
0HvXuoACjgg-00161-00040956-00041189 the general awareness in the descriptive
0HvXuoACjgg-00162-00041190-00041452 paper students there is essay writing
0HvXuoACjgg-00163-00041453-00041705 uh in the essay writing topics would be
0HvXuoACjgg-00164-00041706-00041915 there from financial banking economic
0HvXuoACjgg-00165-00041916-00042155 and social issues in India we are going
0HvXuoACjgg-00166-00042156-00042407 to share the topics we are going to
0HvXuoACjgg-00167-00042408-00042665 share the sample essays and then one
0HvXuoACjgg-00168-00042666-00042833 business letter would be there we are
0HvXuoACjgg-00169-00042834-00043043 going to share the format and the sample
0HvXuoACjgg-00170-00043044-00043265 and we are going to check your essays
0HvXuoACjgg-00171-00043266-00043367 manually
0HvXuoACjgg-00172-00043368-00043595 the teachers are going to check your
0HvXuoACjgg-00173-00043596-00043745 essays okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00174-00043746-00043996 so students should be grade A 2023
0HvXuoACjgg-00175-00043997-00044207 course in which we are going to cover
0HvXuoACjgg-00176-00044208-00044471 the entire syllabus we are going to
0HvXuoACjgg-00177-00044472-00044662 provide the video classes the notes
0HvXuoACjgg-00178-00044663-00044812 quizzes test series and interview
0HvXuoACjgg-00179-00044813-00045065 preparation guidance it's available on
0HvXuoACjgg-00180-00045066-00045287 Bank exam study.com links are available
0HvXuoACjgg-00181-00045288-00045551 in the description this is our personal
0HvXuoACjgg-00182-00045552-00045761 WhatsApp number in case of any doubt
0HvXuoACjgg-00183-00045762-00045990 drop a WhatsApp message
0HvXuoACjgg-00184-00045991-00046229 9067-201-000 this is our personal
0HvXuoACjgg-00185-00046230-00046462 WhatsApp number where you can ask your
0HvXuoACjgg-00186-00046463-00046661 doubts and we are going to answer your
0HvXuoACjgg-00187-00046662-00046787 doubts okay
0HvXuoACjgg-00188-00046788-00046996 list of our successful students who
0HvXuoACjgg-00189-00046997-00047165 crack the bank of Maharashtra journalist
0HvXuoACjgg-00190-00047166-00047645 officer in 2022 in 2021 rrb scale 2 2020
0HvXuoACjgg-00191-00047646-00047951 scale to 19 Bank of India Vijaya Bank
0HvXuoACjgg-00192-00047952-00048143 all these students that took our courses
0HvXuoACjgg-00193-00048144-00048274 in the past and they cracked their
0HvXuoACjgg-00194-00048275-00048496 respective exams I am really really
0HvXuoACjgg-00195-00048497-00048635 happy for them
0HvXuoACjgg-00196-00048636-00048935 if there is any doubt in your mind ask
0HvXuoACjgg-00197-00048936-00049211 your doubts I have already provided my
0HvXuoACjgg-00198-00049212-00049429 WhatsApp number
0HvXuoACjgg-00199-00049430-00049774 9067201000 just ask your doubts and we
0HvXuoACjgg-00200-00049775-00049949 are going to answer your doubts related
0HvXuoACjgg-00201-00049950-00050267 to your eligibility or exam pattern or
0HvXuoACjgg-00202-00050268-00050590 anything anything in your mind if you
0HvXuoACjgg-00203-00050591-00050855 are doubtful about anything ask me your
0HvXuoACjgg-00204-00050856-00051112 doubts I am going to answer your doubts
0HvXuoACjgg-00205-00051113-00051376 that's all for today students thank you
0HvXuoACjgg-00206-00051377-00051575 and have a very nice day subscribe the
0HvXuoACjgg-00207-00051576-00051844 channel subscribe the course links are
0HvXuoACjgg-00208-00051845-00052030 available in the description I'll share
0HvXuoACjgg-00209-00052032-00052264 the link to the whole syllabus no need
0HvXuoACjgg-00210-00052265-00052541 to write down yourself I'll link it in
0HvXuoACjgg-00211-00052541-00052744 the description to the syllabus just
0HvXuoACjgg-00212-00052745-00052966 check it if there is any doubt post a
0HvXuoACjgg-00213-00052967-00053176 comment or Whatsapp me that's all for
0HvXuoACjgg-00214-00053177-00053350 today students thank you and have a very
0HvXuoACjgg-00215-00053351-00053654 nice day bye
0ImDpUIRGlU-00000-00000208-00000478 aji is a malayan language spoken on
0ImDpUIRGlU-00001-00000479-00000734 the island of sumatra in indonesia
0ImDpUIRGlU-00002-00000735-00000935 a third of the vocabulary is derived
0ImDpUIRGlU-00003-00000936-00001350 from lampang
0ImDpUIRGlU-00004-00001351-00001651 references
0J7dJTHSL_8-00000-00000008-00000182 you asked me about interplanetary i
0J7dJTHSL_8-00001-00000183-00000359 think this earth
0J7dJTHSL_8-00002-00000360-00000567 if you can solve the hard ethical
0J7dJTHSL_8-00003-00000568-00000759 problems this earth is the most
0J7dJTHSL_8-00004-00000760-00000975 hospitable place i know you know elon
0J7dJTHSL_8-00005-00000976-00001119 musk jeff bezos a lot of people want to
0J7dJTHSL_8-00006-00001120-00001350 go to space and it's a valid
0J7dJTHSL_8-00007-00001351-00001558 thing to be exploring but keep in mind
0J7dJTHSL_8-00008-00001559-00001798 it's inhospitable out there and this
0J7dJTHSL_8-00009-00001800-00002071 earth we haven't even tapped into
0J7dJTHSL_8-00010-00002072-00002431 100th of the regenerative regenerative
0J7dJTHSL_8-00011-00002432-00002583 agriculture
0J7dJTHSL_8-00012-00002584-00002702 energy
0J7dJTHSL_8-00013-00002703-00002902 yeah one percent of farmers are organic
0J7dJTHSL_8-00014-00002903-00003055 now some people say organic farmers
0J7dJTHSL_8-00015-00003056-00003206 can't feed the world which has been
0J7dJTHSL_8-00016-00003207-00003470 pretty disproven it's bad science funded
0J7dJTHSL_8-00017-00003471-00003703 by big agribusiness companies but if you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00018-00003704-00003935 look at solid science
0J7dJTHSL_8-00019-00003936-00004191 rodale for example rodeo
0J7dJTHSL_8-00020-00004192-00004351 institute which
0J7dJTHSL_8-00021-00004352-00004543 looks at you can actually increase
0J7dJTHSL_8-00022-00004544-00004886 productivity with carbon sequestration
0J7dJTHSL_8-00023-00004887-00005070 which basically means
0J7dJTHSL_8-00024-00005071-00005318 not releasing so much carbon into the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00025-00005319-00005686 universe there's so much we can do that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00026-00005687-00005927 and the hard ethical questions are the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00027-00005928-00006375 problem is some people and places
0J7dJTHSL_8-00028-00006376-00006598 i wonder if we're at the right place to
0J7dJTHSL_8-00029-00006600-00006831 this private airport but maybe
0J7dJTHSL_8-00030-00006831-00007014 um
0J7dJTHSL_8-00031-00007015-00007206 you know who should have kids and who
0J7dJTHSL_8-00032-00007208-00007534 shouldn't certain regions of the world
0J7dJTHSL_8-00033-00007536-00007663 where they have more kids and the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00034-00007664-00007814 resources
0J7dJTHSL_8-00035-00007815-00008087 at their disposal can hold on to you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00036-00008088-00008271 know that's problematic but then you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00037-00008272-00008510 smack up against eugenics and things
0J7dJTHSL_8-00038-00008511-00008695 like this as to who decides who should
0J7dJTHSL_8-00039-00008696-00008935 have children and who shouldn't and so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00040-00008936-00009142 but humans will have to start solve
0J7dJTHSL_8-00041-00009143-00009359 those and face
0J7dJTHSL_8-00042-00009360-00009567 the facts that there's no easy answers
0J7dJTHSL_8-00043-00009568-00009727 and going to space is not an easier
0J7dJTHSL_8-00044-00009728-00010039 answer either because that will also
0J7dJTHSL_8-00045-00010040-00010342 entail i have and have nots it'll be the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00046-00010343-00010542 wealthy that take advantage of this so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00047-00010543-00010646 no matter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00048-00010647-00010910 when you look at hard ethical questions
0J7dJTHSL_8-00049-00010911-00011255 there is no solution in the sense that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00050-00011256-00011527 you will have to make it's like socrates
0J7dJTHSL_8-00051-00011528-00011719 pick your poison you know you're gonna
0J7dJTHSL_8-00052-00011720-00011974 drink hemlock or are you gonna
0J7dJTHSL_8-00053-00011975-00012238 drink uh you know cyanide there there
0J7dJTHSL_8-00054-00012239-00012455 will be hard decisions and humans like
0J7dJTHSL_8-00055-00012456-00012710 to oversimplify and say okay well here's
0J7dJTHSL_8-00056-00012711-00012951 the easy way out we all go to space
0J7dJTHSL_8-00057-00012952-00013191 but that does not solve as much as b and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00058-00013191-00013366 you know jeff bezos has the math and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00059-00013368-00013511 says if we keep reproducing in the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00060-00013512-00013719 energy it will take all the energy that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00061-00013719-00013879 hits the earth just to
0J7dJTHSL_8-00062-00013880-00014063 you know keep humanity alive for a day
0J7dJTHSL_8-00063-00014063-00014215 but that's all based on a lot of
0J7dJTHSL_8-00064-00014216-00014430 supposition presuppositions that i'm not
0J7dJTHSL_8-00065-00014431-00014638 sure that i think are valid
0J7dJTHSL_8-00066-00014640-00014983 one of which is that innovation
0J7dJTHSL_8-00067-00014984-00015207 can step in and reduce the footprint we
0J7dJTHSL_8-00068-00015208-00015294 have
0J7dJTHSL_8-00069-00015295-00015750 in addition to potential smarter growth
0J7dJTHSL_8-00070-00015751-00016015 of people you know we have to you do
0J7dJTHSL_8-00071-00016016-00016215 have to limit the amount of people but
0J7dJTHSL_8-00072-00016216-00016447 that's a hard one to do and i don't you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00073-00016448-00016543 know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00074-00016544-00016758 if the population went from 8 billion 16
0J7dJTHSL_8-00075-00016759-00017022 billion to 32 billion 64. eventually
0J7dJTHSL_8-00076-00017023-00017271 just mathematically
0J7dJTHSL_8-00077-00017272-00017479 you can't have all those people on earth
0J7dJTHSL_8-00078-00017480-00017679 even if they're even taking a nominal
0J7dJTHSL_8-00079-00017680-00017871 amount of energy but look at tapping the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00080-00017872-00017999 ocean
0J7dJTHSL_8-00081-00018000-00018283 you know tapping the tides you have
0J7dJTHSL_8-00082-00018284-00018614 infinity not really but you have
0J7dJTHSL_8-00083-00018615-00018830 massive amount of energy that can be
0J7dJTHSL_8-00084-00018831-00019094 stored now the heat that's created is
0J7dJTHSL_8-00085-00019095-00019399 the question the heat that that creates
0J7dJTHSL_8-00086-00019400-00019575 will that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00087-00019576-00019799 heat up the earth to such an extent that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00088-00019800-00020014 it's just a disaster but
0J7dJTHSL_8-00089-00020015-00020191 it's
0J7dJTHSL_8-00090-00020192-00020478 who knows think of the things 150 years
0J7dJTHSL_8-00091-00020479-00020622 ago in the 1800s you thought were
0J7dJTHSL_8-00092-00020623-00020886 impossible the patent attorney or the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00093-00020887-00021086 head of patents in the united states i
0J7dJTHSL_8-00094-00021087-00021350 think was the late 1800s he said
0J7dJTHSL_8-00095-00021351-00021614 uh i think we can dissolve this business
0J7dJTHSL_8-00096-00021615-00021767 because i think we've invented
0J7dJTHSL_8-00097-00021768-00022039 everything that can be invented
0J7dJTHSL_8-00098-00022040-00022167 but it was wrong
0J7dJTHSL_8-00099-00022168-00022455 it was wrong so when p there humans can
0J7dJTHSL_8-00100-00022456-00022743 innovate themselves out of problems
0J7dJTHSL_8-00101-00022744-00022911 and so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00102-00022912-00023127 you know i'm not so focused i'm much
0J7dJTHSL_8-00103-00023128-00023350 more focused on fixing
0J7dJTHSL_8-00104-00023351-00023519 the biggest polluter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00105-00023520-00023758 which is agriculture
0J7dJTHSL_8-00106-00023759-00023903 forestry
0J7dJTHSL_8-00107-00023904-00024142 transportation is not so much as much as
0J7dJTHSL_8-00108-00024143-00024342 what i know that's elon must focus but i
0J7dJTHSL_8-00109-00024343-00024567 know the agricultural side and i know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00110-00024568-00024783 that feeding yourself food shelter water
0J7dJTHSL_8-00111-00024784-00025055 will be the preeminent part of things
0J7dJTHSL_8-00112-00025056-00025247 energy is important but where there's
0J7dJTHSL_8-00113-00025248-00025391 already a lot of focus on the energy
0J7dJTHSL_8-00114-00025392-00025550 side there needs to be more
0J7dJTHSL_8-00115-00025551-00025846 focus oh
0J7dJTHSL_8-00116-00025847-00026070 there needs to be more focus on the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00117-00026072-00026246 non-energy side which is the food
0J7dJTHSL_8-00118-00026247-00026558 shelter water which is the land
0J7dJTHSL_8-00119-00026560-00026846 and you know the forestry side the wood
0J7dJTHSL_8-00120-00026847-00027102 the mining side of things
0J7dJTHSL_8-00121-00027104-00027239 yeah this is the right way trying to
0J7dJTHSL_8-00122-00027239-00027446 find this damn private air airport i
0J7dJTHSL_8-00123-00027447-00027687 think this is the way
0J7dJTHSL_8-00124-00027688-00027831 so anyway
0J7dJTHSL_8-00125-00027832-00027918 you know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00126-00027919-00028270 not that not that who am i to argue with
0J7dJTHSL_8-00127-00028272-00028479 the genius of you know elon musk and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00128-00028480-00028695 others but i think look you're limited
0J7dJTHSL_8-00129-00028695-00028783 by
0J7dJTHSL_8-00130-00028783-00029079 what you don't know that you don't know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00131-00029080-00029287 and i think that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00132-00029288-00029483 people who are very space
0J7dJTHSL_8-00133-00029483-00029758 oriented are going to
0J7dJTHSL_8-00134-00029760-00029935 easily all of us succumb to what's
0J7dJTHSL_8-00135-00029936-00030111 called confirmation bias what are
0J7dJTHSL_8-00136-00030112-00030358 presuppositions what we want to happen
0J7dJTHSL_8-00137-00030360-00030543 you know so if you've grown up like jeff
0J7dJTHSL_8-00138-00030544-00030751 bezos goes i've grown up loving space
0J7dJTHSL_8-00139-00030752-00031014 and star wars and oh okay so you're
0J7dJTHSL_8-00140-00031016-00031295 going to study the science that confirms
0J7dJTHSL_8-00141-00031295-00031535 your bias that okay there's no possible
0J7dJTHSL_8-00142-00031536-00031799 way that humans survive
0J7dJTHSL_8-00143-00031800-00032207 without going you know to space but
0J7dJTHSL_8-00144-00032208-00032567 you have to look at the counter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00145-00032568-00032774 arguments to whatever it is you love and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00146-00032775-00032974 that's hard for us humans to do
0J7dJTHSL_8-00147-00032975-00033239 we don't like to search you know if
0J7dJTHSL_8-00148-00033240-00033590 you're a republican you most republicans
0J7dJTHSL_8-00149-00033591-00033711 hardcore
0J7dJTHSL_8-00150-00033712-00033983 study republican authors
0J7dJTHSL_8-00151-00033984-00034151 okay
0J7dJTHSL_8-00152-00034152-00034302 somehow
0J7dJTHSL_8-00153-00034303-00034567 we are going the wrong way let's take it
0J7dJTHSL_8-00154-00034568-00034807 a little bit okay so you know the people
0J7dJTHSL_8-00155-00034808-00034983 who seek
0J7dJTHSL_8-00156-00034984-00035102 counter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00157-00035103-00035431 arguments and they really seek it
0J7dJTHSL_8-00158-00035432-00035567 i like what charlie munger said you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00159-00035568-00035751 shouldn't be able to argue an opinion
0J7dJTHSL_8-00160-00035752-00035918 until you can argue the other side
0J7dJTHSL_8-00161-00035919-00036167 better than they can so to be you know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00162-00036168-00036383 an honest republican or honest democrat
0J7dJTHSL_8-00163-00036384-00036527 you should be able to argue the other
0J7dJTHSL_8-00164-00036528-00036759 side against yourself better than you've
0J7dJTHSL_8-00165-00036760-00036983 ever heard anybody do it that gives you
0J7dJTHSL_8-00166-00036984-00037167 the right to take a strong position
0J7dJTHSL_8-00167-00037168-00037318 because
0J7dJTHSL_8-00168-00037319-00037399 as
0J7dJTHSL_8-00169-00037400-00037590 frederic nietzsche the great
0J7dJTHSL_8-00170-00037591-00037902 philosopher said convictions are greater
0J7dJTHSL_8-00171-00037903-00038183 enemies of the truth than lies and that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00172-00038184-00038407 is a damn
0J7dJTHSL_8-00173-00038408-00038718 uh mind-blowing
0J7dJTHSL_8-00174-00038719-00038879 phrase
0J7dJTHSL_8-00175-00038880-00039118 convictions are greater enemies of the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00176-00039119-00039327 truth than lies
0J7dJTHSL_8-00177-00039328-00039559 and we like to think that our strong
0J7dJTHSL_8-00178-00039560-00039718 convictions are what move the world
0J7dJTHSL_8-00179-00039719-00039951 forward but oftentimes it's the strong
0J7dJTHSL_8-00180-00039952-00040079 convictions
0J7dJTHSL_8-00181-00040080-00040215 think of the worst things that have
0J7dJTHSL_8-00182-00040216-00040430 happened from the world some times those
0J7dJTHSL_8-00183-00040431-00040751 came from good intentions even mad men
0J7dJTHSL_8-00184-00040752-00040974 like adolf hitler
0J7dJTHSL_8-00185-00040975-00041135 thought he had
0J7dJTHSL_8-00186-00041136-00041271 you know he had what is it called not
0J7dJTHSL_8-00187-00041272-00041471 room spring but you know he had this
0J7dJTHSL_8-00188-00041472-00041783 idea of liben spring or whatever make
0J7dJTHSL_8-00189-00041784-00041958 germany needed land
0J7dJTHSL_8-00190-00041959-00042127 and therefore we have to expand into
0J7dJTHSL_8-00191-00042128-00042335 eastern europe and russia and the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00192-00042336-00042551 ukraine and poland and chicken you know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00193-00042552-00042895 bulgaria and romania and also
0J7dJTHSL_8-00194-00042896-00043215 flip side you had you know
0J7dJTHSL_8-00195-00043216-00043415 attack air was right near signature
0J7dJTHSL_8-00196-00043416-00043687 right yeah you also had you know mao
0J7dJTHSL_8-00197-00043688-00043911 zedong he was a true believer
0J7dJTHSL_8-00198-00043912-00044102 in what he fought for
0J7dJTHSL_8-00199-00044103-00044183 and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00200-00044184-00044374 didn't turn out to be very good and so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00201-00044375-00044607 even madmen
0J7dJTHSL_8-00202-00044608-00044830 often times aren't mad in their own mind
0J7dJTHSL_8-00203-00044831-00045127 but they won't seek the counter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00204-00045128-00045302 arguments to their own side and
0J7dJTHSL_8-00205-00045303-00045543 therefore convictions become great so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00206-00045544-00045871 you know i like to read the argument
0J7dJTHSL_8-00207-00045872-00046143 that that says space
0J7dJTHSL_8-00208-00046144-00046311 is good
0J7dJTHSL_8-00209-00046312-00046574 against my argument but i but i don't
0J7dJTHSL_8-00210-00046575-00046790 ignore i don't ignore either side how
0J7dJTHSL_8-00211-00046791-00046951 about i put it that way
0J7dJTHSL_8-00212-00046952-00047223 okay we're here headed quick do i go in
0J7dJTHSL_8-00213-00047224-00047335 or it's
0J7dJTHSL_8-00214-00047336-00047695 right here all right
0J7dJTHSL_8-00215-00047696-00047886 so
0J7dJTHSL_8-00216-00047887-00048095 it's funny how society seems to rule
0J7dJTHSL_8-00217-00048096-00048223 that's why i don't like politics because
0J7dJTHSL_8-00218-00048224-00048374 politicians win
0J7dJTHSL_8-00219-00048375-00048615 by having strong convictions yet they
0J7dJTHSL_8-00220-00048616-00048895 set humanity back think of all the
0J7dJTHSL_8-00221-00048896-00049062 strong convictions politicians have had
0J7dJTHSL_8-00222-00049063-00049262 i mean you have politicians supreme
0J7dJTHSL_8-00223-00049263-00049415 court of the united states had a strong
0J7dJTHSL_8-00224-00049416-00049551 conviction that
0J7dJTHSL_8-00225-00049552-00049774 african-american people were what was it
0J7dJTHSL_8-00226-00049775-00049990 the dred scott case or whatever where
0J7dJTHSL_8-00227-00049991-00050174 it's like i forget which was called like
0J7dJTHSL_8-00228-00050175-00050423 oh yeah african-americans are two-thirds
0J7dJTHSL_8-00229-00050424-00050662 or one-third humans
0J7dJTHSL_8-00230-00050663-00050862 strong evictions by the supposed
0J7dJTHSL_8-00231-00050863-00051062 smartest people in america now we laugh
0J7dJTHSL_8-00232-00051063-00051263 and mock at their ignorance but they
0J7dJTHSL_8-00233-00051264-00051438 didn't look at counter there was a lot
0J7dJTHSL_8-00234-00051439-00051630 of people frederick douglass was a
0J7dJTHSL_8-00235-00051632-00051807 genius person the supreme court should
0J7dJTHSL_8-00236-00051808-00051999 have studied for like this guy's smarter
0J7dJTHSL_8-00237-00052000-00052166 than all of us
0J7dJTHSL_8-00238-00052167-00052342 but nobody wants to do
0J7dJTHSL_8-00239-00052344-00052535 that because most people are not
0J7dJTHSL_8-00240-00052536-00052916 intellectually honest
0JHyAXFks6U-00000-00003952-00004355 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00001-00004356-00005351 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00002-00005352-00005838 oh
0JHyAXFks6U-00003-00005839-00006104 one
0JHyAXFks6U-00004-00006105-00007047 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00005-00007048-00008790 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00006-00008791-00010471 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00007-00010472-00010758 bye
0JHyAXFks6U-00008-00010759-00012214 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00009-00012215-00012543 foul
0JHyAXFks6U-00011-00022312-00023855 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00013-00029272-00030774 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00014-00030775-00033091 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00015-00033092-00034033 [Applause]
0JHyAXFks6U-00016-00034034-00035087 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00017-00035088-00036020 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00018-00036021-00037455 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00019-00037456-00039640 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00020-00039641-00041502 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00021-00041503-00041862 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00022-00041863-00043158 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00023-00043159-00044425 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00024-00044426-00044695 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00025-00044696-00045349 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00026-00045350-00046736 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00027-00046737-00047623 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00028-00047624-00049461 thank you sir
0JHyAXFks6U-00029-00049462-00050071 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00030-00050072-00051854 um
0JHyAXFks6U-00031-00051855-00054175 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00033-00058353-00059572 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00034-00059573-00060591 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00037-00070064-00071438 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00038-00071439-00072799 um
0JHyAXFks6U-00039-00072800-00075782 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00041-00079006-00079182 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00042-00079183-00081206 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00043-00081207-00082662 uh
0JHyAXFks6U-00045-00088024-00089800 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00046-00089801-00091006 [Music]
0JHyAXFks6U-00047-00091007-00093806 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00048-00093807-00095287 um
0JHyAXFks6U-00049-00095288-00096574 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00050-00096575-00097718 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00051-00097719-00099167 foreign
0JHyAXFks6U-00053-00102256-00102556 srinivasa
0KhnwttZI5k-00000-00000024-00000695 [Music]
0KhnwttZI5k-00001-00000696-00000910 so
0KhnwttZI5k-00002-00000911-00003543 [Music]
0KhnwttZI5k-00003-00003544-00003804 so
0KhnwttZI5k-00005-00014712-00014974 so
0KhnwttZI5k-00007-00021431-00021640 you
0KJo21_wVFo-00000-00000048-00000147 foreign
0KJo21_wVFo-00001-00000148-00002563 [Music]
0KJo21_wVFo-00002-00002564-00002860 deaths in Ukrainian shelling of donuts
0KJo21_wVFo-00003-00002861-00003149 Market several people were killed and
0KJo21_wVFo-00004-00003150-00003383 others injured in the DPR Capital after
0KJo21_wVFo-00005-00003384-00003636 an artillery strike the mayor said
0KJo21_wVFo-00006-00003638-00003911 artillery shells fired at Donetsk by
0KJo21_wVFo-00007-00003911-00004181 Ukrainian forces on Thursday landed in
0KJo21_wVFo-00008-00004182-00004361 the vicinity of the main city market
0KJo21_wVFo-00009-00004362-00004745 mayor Alexi coolems and has reported at
0KJo21_wVFo-00010-00004746-00004936 least six people were killed in the
0KJo21_wVFo-00011-00004937-00005165 attack and six others injured the City
0KJo21_wVFo-00012-00005166-00005435 chief said one of the injured victims
0KJo21_wVFo-00013-00005436-00005777 was identified as a teenager the Donetsk
0KJo21_wVFo-00014-00005778-00006083 People's Republic DPR Defense Force
0KJo21_wVFo-00015-00006084-00006299 released footage of what they said was
0KJo21_wVFo-00016-00006300-00006610 the aftermath of the Ukrainian attack it
0KJo21_wVFo-00017-00006611-00006845 showed a heavily damaged bus in a street
0KJo21_wVFo-00018-00006845-00007060 and what appeared to be a dead man in
0KJo21_wVFo-00019-00007061-00007295 civilian in clothes lying next to it in
0KJo21_wVFo-00020-00007295-00007589 a pool of blood more apparent civilian
0KJo21_wVFo-00021-00007590-00007777 victims can be seen in other videos
0KJo21_wVFo-00022-00007778-00008087 purportedly shot at the scene earlier in
0KJo21_wVFo-00023-00008088-00008260 the day the head of the administration
0KJo21_wVFo-00024-00008261-00008501 of malidipal a russian-controlled city
0KJo21_wVFo-00025-00008502-00008824 in Ukraine's zapparazi region reported a
0KJo21_wVFo-00026-00008825-00009113 blast at the city market the explosion
0KJo21_wVFo-00027-00009114-00009359 injured six people but didn't claim any
0KJo21_wVFo-00028-00009360-00009671 lives the official said the DPR
0KJo21_wVFo-00029-00009672-00009910 authorities regularly report artillery
0KJo21_wVFo-00030-00009911-00010181 strikes by Ukrainian forces targeting
0KJo21_wVFo-00031-00010182-00010456 various parts of Donetsk earlier this
0KJo21_wVFo-00032-00010457-00010739 week the DPR and fellow donbiz Republic
0KJo21_wVFo-00033-00010740-00011014 of lugensk as well as parts of Ukraine
0KJo21_wVFo-00034-00011015-00011273 predominantly controlled by Russia the
0KJo21_wVFo-00035-00011274-00011549 Curson and zaparazi regions announced
0KJo21_wVFo-00036-00011550-00011723 their intention to vote on whether they
0KJo21_wVFo-00037-00011724-00011981 should request to join Russia Kiev
0KJo21_wVFo-00038-00011982-00012209 dismissed the planned referendums and
0KJo21_wVFo-00039-00012210-00012424 threatened any participant with criminal
0KJo21_wVFo-00040-00012425-00012706 prosecution Andrea Mac President
0KJo21_wVFo-00041-00012707-00012937 Vladimir zelenski's Chief of Staff
0KJo21_wVFo-00042-00012938-00013193 responded to the news with a warning
0KJo21_wVFo-00043-00013194-00013427 that Ukraine will solve the Russian
0KJo21_wVFo-00044-00013428-00013636 question adding that this could be done
0KJo21_wVFo-00045-00013637-00013934 only by force
0NgW4HxnqWY-00000-00000000-00000157 I'd like to begin this evening by paying
0NgW4HxnqWY-00001-00000158-00000536 tribute to three professors who've had a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00002-00000537-00000755 big influence on my philosophical life
0NgW4HxnqWY-00003-00000756-00000965 the first on your left is a little
0NgW4HxnqWY-00004-00000966-00001154 cancelling he was professor of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00005-00001155-00001345 philosophy here at the OU you for many
0NgW4HxnqWY-00006-00001346-00001403 years
0NgW4HxnqWY-00007-00001404-00001714 sadly I did not attend his inaugural but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00008-00001716-00001966 I did attend his valedictory lecture
0NgW4HxnqWY-00009-00001967-00002273 Ozzie had perhaps the unique capacity to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00010-00002274-00002617 drive me into a rage a capacity he
0NgW4HxnqWY-00011-00002618-00002842 delighted him to exercise and wish did
0NgW4HxnqWY-00012-00002843-00002980 me nothing but good
0NgW4HxnqWY-00013-00002981-00003226 he once introduced to PayPass giving by
0NgW4HxnqWY-00014-00003227-00003533 saying my colleague dr. Matt Ravis
0NgW4HxnqWY-00015-00003534-00003761 claims that he and I disagree on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00016-00003761-00004217 everything I must say I do not agree
0NgW4HxnqWY-00017-00004218-00004447 [Laughter]
0NgW4HxnqWY-00018-00004448-00004868 moving lights we have professor Stuart
0NgW4HxnqWY-00019-00004869-00005027 Brown who was in charge of a philosophy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00020-00005028-00005188 department when I arrived Stuart
0NgW4HxnqWY-00021-00005189-00005351 demonstrated that it was perfectly
0NgW4HxnqWY-00022-00005352-00005506 possible to be both an academic and a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00023-00005507-00005711 decent human being he was and is a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00024-00005712-00005963 gentleman I also heard his valedictory
0NgW4HxnqWY-00025-00005964-00006245 lecture the third present this evening
0NgW4HxnqWY-00026-00006246-00006595 is is the person who got me here in the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00027-00006597-00006641 first place
0NgW4HxnqWY-00028-00006642-00006931 professor Hume Ella Hume who turned 80
0NgW4HxnqWY-00029-00006933-00007145 earlier this month Leon is a struggling
0NgW4HxnqWY-00030-00007145-00007352 graduate student and set such a high
0NgW4HxnqWY-00031-00007353-00007601 benchmark of decent academic work that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00032-00007602-00007751 although I have consistently failed to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00033-00007752-00007996 achieve it merely a me at it has proved
0NgW4HxnqWY-00034-00007997-00008192 good enough he has always been a good
0NgW4HxnqWY-00035-00008193-00008335 friend and companion and I'm
0NgW4HxnqWY-00036-00008336-00008498 extraordinarily grateful for all he has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00037-00008499-00008728 done for me in contrast to the others I
0NgW4HxnqWY-00038-00008729-00008966 was present at his inaugural and very
0NgW4HxnqWY-00039-00008967-00009353 memorable it was - I've spent much of my
0NgW4HxnqWY-00040-00009354-00009553 philosophical life work in esthetics and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00041-00009554-00009734 the philosophy of art dealing with such
0NgW4HxnqWY-00042-00009735-00009974 issues as Beauty the nature of aesthetic
0NgW4HxnqWY-00043-00009975-00010217 properties and what if anything is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00044-00010218-00010513 distinctive about literary fiction thus
0NgW4HxnqWY-00045-00010514-00010667 it has come as a surprise to some that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00046-00010668-00010913 I've given up such Elysian Fields to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00047-00010914-00011141 take up some far more troubling problems
0NgW4HxnqWY-00048-00011142-00011480 concerning the waging of war in this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00049-00011481-00011653 lecture I shall attempt I shall attempt
0NgW4HxnqWY-00050-00011654-00011909 to say why not in any autobiographical
0NgW4HxnqWY-00051-00011910-00012131 sense but rather to show how someone
0NgW4HxnqWY-00052-00012132-00012359 with my background could contribute to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00053-00012360-00012767 the debate I am along with my friend and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00054-00012768-00012955 colleague Helen fro who's director of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00055-00012956-00013127 the Stockholm Center for the ethics of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00056-00013128-00013358 war and peace running a project that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00057-00013359-00013577 attempting to throw light on the vexed
0NgW4HxnqWY-00058-00013578-00013757 question of what should be done about
0NgW4HxnqWY-00059-00013758-00014024 what the United Nations calls cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00060-00014025-00014318 property in war zones and this is a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00061-00014319-00014480 three year project funded by the Arts
0NgW4HxnqWY-00062-00014481-00014696 and Humanities Research Council that has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00063-00014697-00014924 us working with politicians heritage
0NgW4HxnqWY-00064-00014925-00015152 professionals the British Museum the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00065-00015153-00015347 military of various countries lawyers
0NgW4HxnqWY-00066-00015347-00015503 and philosophers from a range of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00067-00015504-00015778 backgrounds we're about nine months in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00068-00015779-00015968 and I have profited enormous ly from
0NgW4HxnqWY-00069-00015969-00016147 talking to Helen and other members of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00070-00016148-00016349 the group the Select should be very
0NgW4HxnqWY-00071-00016350-00016508 different had those conversations not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00072-00016509-00016715 taken place the fact I gratefully
0NgW4HxnqWY-00073-00016716-00017075 acknowledge now international law in the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00074-00017076-00017356 form of various UN conventions places
0NgW4HxnqWY-00075-00017357-00017630 armies under various obligations not to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00076-00017631-00017942 damage cultural property this raises
0NgW4HxnqWY-00077-00017943-00018161 issues of how important such obligations
0NgW4HxnqWY-00078-00018162-00018392 are in particular when weighed against
0NgW4HxnqWY-00079-00018393-00018586 other obligations such as killing the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00080-00018587-00018880 enemy protecting civilians and of course
0NgW4HxnqWY-00081-00018881-00019072 not getting killed oneself
0NgW4HxnqWY-00082-00019073-00019340 now views on the importance of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00083-00019341-00019555 property in such circumstances cover the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00084-00019556-00019841 whole spectrum from very important to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00085-00019842-00020174 not at all important and the English
0NgW4HxnqWY-00086-00020175-00020503 diplomat Sir Harold Nicolson thought it
0NgW4HxnqWY-00087-00020504-00020843 was very important in February 1944 at
0NgW4HxnqWY-00088-00020844-00021044 the height of the battles around Monte
0NgW4HxnqWY-00089-00021045-00021244 Cassino in the allied invasion of Italy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00090-00021245-00021587 he wrote in The Spectator I would
0NgW4HxnqWY-00091-00021588-00021761 assuredly be prepared to be shot against
0NgW4HxnqWY-00092-00021762-00021937 a wall if I was certain that by such a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00093-00021938-00022169 sacrifice I could preserve the Giotto
0NgW4HxnqWY-00094-00022170-00022478 frescoes nor should I hesitate for an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00095-00022479-00022678 instant where such a decision ever
0NgW4HxnqWY-00096-00022679-00022937 opened to me to save some marks even if
0NgW4HxnqWY-00097-00022938-00023200 I were were aware that by doing so I
0NgW4HxnqWY-00098-00023201-00023552 would bring death to my sons my attitude
0NgW4HxnqWY-00099-00023553-00023702 would be governed by a principle which
0NgW4HxnqWY-00100-00023703-00023939 is surely incontrovertible the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00101-00023940-00024175 irreplaceable is more important than the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00102-00024176-00024377 replaceable and the loss of even the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00103-00024378-00024542 most valued human life is ultimately
0NgW4HxnqWY-00104-00024543-00024767 less disastrous than the loss of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00105-00024768-00025022 something which in no circumstances can
0NgW4HxnqWY-00106-00025023-00025405 be created again his sons were serving
0NgW4HxnqWY-00107-00025406-00025562 in Italy at the time and apparently were
0NgW4HxnqWY-00108-00025563-00025852 just rather amused this can be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00109-00025853-00026069 contrasted with the following from th
0NgW4HxnqWY-00110-00026070-00026233 Ferran Bark's classic account of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00111-00026234-00026543 Korean War two Americans flesh and blood
0NgW4HxnqWY-00112-00026544-00026687 and lives have always been more precious
0NgW4HxnqWY-00113-00026688-00026726 than
0NgW4HxnqWY-00114-00026727-00027002 sticks and stones however assembled an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00115-00027002-00027214 American commander faced with taking the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00116-00027216-00027390 Louvre from a defending enemy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00117-00027391-00027614 unquestionably would blow it apart or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00118-00027614-00027782 burn it down without hesitation
0NgW4HxnqWY-00119-00027783-00027995 if such would save the life of one of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00120-00027995-00028274 his men and he would be acting in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00121-00028275-00028495 complete accord with American ideals and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00122-00028497-00028870 ethics in doing so so Nicholson is of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00123-00028872-00029018 the view that certain items of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00124-00029019-00029264 property should be preserved even at the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00125-00029264-00029512 cost of human life while Ferren back at
0NgW4HxnqWY-00126-00029513-00029735 least reports the view that even a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00127-00029736-00030005 single life is worth more than sticks
0NgW4HxnqWY-00128-00030006-00030107 and stones
0NgW4HxnqWY-00129-00030108-00030499 however assembled now discussion as to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00130-00030500-00030670 the fate of cultural property and war
0NgW4HxnqWY-00131-00030672-00030864 zones has gone on for hundreds of years
0NgW4HxnqWY-00132-00030865-00031199 the most the most recent international
0NgW4HxnqWY-00133-00031200-00031489 convention was formulated in 1954 in the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00134-00031490-00031724 hague with two important additional
0NgW4HxnqWY-00135-00031725-00031965 protocols added later the most recent in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00136-00031966-00032405 1999 as the past 20 years has seen wars
0NgW4HxnqWY-00137-00032406-00032585 fought in lands rich in cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00138-00032586-00032821 heritage the Hague Convention has risen
0NgW4HxnqWY-00139-00032822-00033101 to the top of political agendas the UK
0NgW4HxnqWY-00140-00033102-00033287 was rather late to the party only
0NgW4HxnqWY-00141-00033288-00033505 ratifying the convention in December
0NgW4HxnqWY-00142-00033506-00033874 last year now the issues not merely
0NgW4HxnqWY-00143-00033875-00034120 academic Peter stone who holds the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00144-00034121-00034304 position of UNESCO chair of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00145-00034305-00034499 heritage and peace at the University of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00146-00034500-00034736 Newcastle reports an occasion during
0NgW4HxnqWY-00147-00034737-00034895 NATO's actions against the Gaddafi
0NgW4HxnqWY-00148-00034896-00035162 regime in Libya where the Libyans placed
0NgW4HxnqWY-00149-00035163-00035420 radar vehicles in the vicinity of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00150-00035421-00035786 Roman fort of Wrath elma Gabe the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00151-00035787-00035957 vehicles were part of a credible threat
0NgW4HxnqWY-00152-00035958-00036190 to NATO yet they could not easily be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00153-00036191-00036442 destroyed without damaging the fort
0NgW4HxnqWY-00154-00036443-00036805 hence NATO had a choice do they destroy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00155-00036806-00037064 the vehicles accepting the damage to the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00156-00037065-00037258 fort or do they live with the increased
0NgW4HxnqWY-00157-00037259-00037499 threat to their aircraft the increased
0NgW4HxnqWY-00158-00037500-00037658 threat considering the scale of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00159-00037659-00037874 operation might well have resulted in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00160-00037875-00038042 people being killed who would not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00161-00038043-00038357 otherwise have been killed here is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00162-00038358-00038677 another case one of the armed groups
0NgW4HxnqWY-00163-00038678-00038837 fighting the Syrian government occupied
0NgW4HxnqWY-00164-00038838-00039037 the great Crusaders fortress of crac de
0NgW4HxnqWY-00165-00039038-00039242 chevaliers so as to launch attacks on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00166-00039243-00039473 government troops the government faced
0NgW4HxnqWY-00167-00039474-00039617 the choice as to whether to cause the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00168-00039618-00039814 opposing forces to vacate the fortress
0NgW4HxnqWY-00169-00039815-00040009 by bombing it
0NgW4HxnqWY-00170-00040010-00040195 to live with a threat which once again
0NgW4HxnqWY-00171-00040196-00040399 might well have resulted in Syrian
0NgW4HxnqWY-00172-00040400-00040570 soldiers being killed who would not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00173-00040571-00040969 otherwise have been killed in short
0NgW4HxnqWY-00174-00040970-00041191 those who command our armies are obliged
0NgW4HxnqWY-00175-00041192-00041350 to make choices between protecting
0NgW4HxnqWY-00176-00041351-00041512 cultural property and protecting human
0NgW4HxnqWY-00177-00041513-00041833 beings including themselves what makes
0NgW4HxnqWY-00178-00041834-00042016 us problematic is that it goes against a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00179-00042017-00042241 view that provides the background to our
0NgW4HxnqWY-00180-00042242-00042559 moral thought indeed because it provides
0NgW4HxnqWY-00181-00042560-00042784 the background it's seldom bought into
0NgW4HxnqWY-00182-00042785-00043132 the open and scrutinized the philosopher
0NgW4HxnqWY-00183-00043133-00043276 Charles Taylor has put the view as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00184-00043277-00043594 follows quotes first the demands of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00185-00043595-00043717 justice must be served
0NgW4HxnqWY-00186-00043718-00044005 then the pursuit of the good life will
0NgW4HxnqWY-00187-00044006-00044169 be in order
0NgW4HxnqWY-00188-00044170-00044428 in the sphere in particular justice has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00189-00044429-00044566 to do with the permissibility and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00190-00044567-00044761 impermissible 'ti of causing harm to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00191-00044762-00044883 people
0NgW4HxnqWY-00192-00044884-00045073 paradigmatically a soldier who's
0NgW4HxnqWY-00193-00045074-00045262 defending their state against unjust
0NgW4HxnqWY-00194-00045263-00045553 aggression is permitted to harm an enemy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00195-00045554-00045837 soldier who constitutes a threat
0NgW4HxnqWY-00196-00045838-00046054 non-combatants were not supporting any
0NgW4HxnqWY-00197-00046055-00046231 aggression are not permitted to be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00198-00046232-00046519 harmed and between those two poles the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00199-00046520-00046684 branch of philosophy known as Just War
0NgW4HxnqWY-00200-00046685-00046957 Theory operates attempting to work out
0NgW4HxnqWY-00201-00046958-00047194 who is liable to be harmed and in what
0NgW4HxnqWY-00202-00047195-00047359 circumstances they're liable to be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00203-00047360-00047598 harmed
0NgW4HxnqWY-00204-00047599-00047851 this view holds that issues of justice
0NgW4HxnqWY-00205-00047852-00047995 that is issues regarding the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00206-00047996-00048169 permissibility or impermissible T of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00207-00048170-00048373 causing harm to people need to be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00208-00048374-00048568 settled before we can move to issues of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00209-00048569-00048739 whether or not to be damaged old
0NgW4HxnqWY-00210-00048740-00049012 buildings assuming that city issues do
0NgW4HxnqWY-00211-00049013-00049249 not belong to justice but to the good
0NgW4HxnqWY-00212-00049250-00049537 life now this has some claim to being
0NgW4HxnqWY-00213-00049538-00049816 the Orthodox view for example the blue
0NgW4HxnqWY-00214-00049817-00050005 shield which is the United Nations
0NgW4HxnqWY-00215-00050006-00050218 sponsored organization mandated to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00216-00050219-00050371 protect cultural property in times of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00217-00050372-00050578 war claims that The Hague Convention
0NgW4HxnqWY-00218-00050579-00050854 does not quotes place property above
0NgW4HxnqWY-00219-00050855-00051169 people and the UNESCO chair mentioned
0NgW4HxnqWY-00220-00051170-00051390 earlier Peter stone in the course of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00221-00051391-00051565 replying to some scurrilous attacks on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00222-00051566-00051792 his character has put on record that he
0NgW4HxnqWY-00223-00051794-00051985 does not suggest nor has he ever
0NgW4HxnqWY-00224-00051986-00052198 suggested that protection of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00225-00052199-00052459 property is worth the loss of a single
0NgW4HxnqWY-00226-00052460-00052912 life however settling the issue of a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00227-00052913-00053110 stark choice between damaging a building
0NgW4HxnqWY-00228-00053111-00053299 or taking a life there's nothing to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00229-00053300-00053386 alter the fact
0NgW4HxnqWY-00230-00053387-00053560 trade offs between the value of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00231-00053561-00053815 property and the value of human life do
0NgW4HxnqWY-00232-00053816-00054132 need to be made the law as it currently
0NgW4HxnqWY-00233-00054133-00054407 stands make such trade offers inevitable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00234-00054408-00054591 commanders not only have to make
0NgW4HxnqWY-00235-00054592-00054760 decisions that balance protection of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00236-00054761-00054919 cultural property against increased
0NgW4HxnqWY-00237-00054920-00055144 threat of harm to their soldiers but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00238-00055145-00055411 they're also obliged according to the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00239-00055412-00055816 Hague Convention to prohibit prevent and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00240-00055816-00056095 if necessary put a stop to any form of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00241-00056096-00056314 theft pillage or misappropriation of and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00242-00056315-00056526 any acts of vandalism directed against
0NgW4HxnqWY-00243-00056527-00056841 cultural property given that wars are
0NgW4HxnqWY-00244-00056842-00057051 fought on limited resources this obliges
0NgW4HxnqWY-00245-00057052-00057184 commanders to commit some of their
0NgW4HxnqWY-00246-00057185-00057337 troops to protecting cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00247-00057338-00057582 when those troops could be engaged in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00248-00057583-00057814 other activities including activities
0NgW4HxnqWY-00249-00057815-00058080 such as making themselves or making
0NgW4HxnqWY-00250-00058082-00058507 civilians more secure from harm these
0NgW4HxnqWY-00251-00058508-00058651 are not the only circumstances where
0NgW4HxnqWY-00252-00058652-00058891 trade-offs will need to be made and a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00253-00058891-00059035 Hague Convention and its protocols
0NgW4HxnqWY-00254-00059036-00059224 establish a special protection and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00255-00059225-00059440 enhance protection for certain items of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00256-00059441-00059655 cultural property so let's consider
0NgW4HxnqWY-00257-00059657-00059971 enhance protection cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00258-00059972-00060214 that enjoys enhanced protection must not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00259-00060215-00060478 be attacked even if it has through its
0NgW4HxnqWY-00260-00060479-00060685 use by the enemy become a military
0NgW4HxnqWY-00261-00060686-00060973 objective an attack would only be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00262-00060974-00061191 justified if it were the only feasible
0NgW4HxnqWY-00263-00061192-00061426 means of terminating the use of property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00264-00061427-00061544 in that way
0NgW4HxnqWY-00265-00061545-00061819 now clearly what is a feasible means as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00266-00061820-00062059 up for discussion however it is easy to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00267-00062060-00062284 envision envisage the choices might be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00268-00062285-00062509 between relatively risk-free options
0NgW4HxnqWY-00269-00062510-00062773 such as artillery or high-level bombing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00270-00062774-00063040 and relatively risky options such as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00271-00063041-00063262 precision precision strikes or even the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00272-00063263-00063567 use of ground forces so in short being
0NgW4HxnqWY-00273-00063569-00063816 constrained by military necessity rather
0NgW4HxnqWY-00274-00063817-00064024 than military convenience will
0NgW4HxnqWY-00275-00064025-00064240 inevitably result in a higher risk of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00276-00064241-00064597 the loss of life furthermore it's also
0NgW4HxnqWY-00277-00064598-00064822 reasonable to have some trade-off that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00278-00064823-00065044 involves risk to others even risk to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00279-00065045-00065316 non-combatants for example imagine a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00280-00065317-00065457 commander needs to move some troops
0NgW4HxnqWY-00281-00065458-00065682 route a would take them over an ancient
0NgW4HxnqWY-00282-00065683-00065893 site which would inevitably be damaged
0NgW4HxnqWY-00283-00065894-00066163 by the tanks and heavy machinery route B
0NgW4HxnqWY-00284-00066164-00066340 takes him down a tarmacked Road but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00285-00066341-00066594 through a civilian population there is a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00286-00066595-00066733 small risk that the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00287-00066734-00066868 troops might be attacked by the enemy
0NgW4HxnqWY-00288-00066869-00067084 while in transit with a consequent risk
0NgW4HxnqWY-00289-00067085-00067381 of collateral damage nonetheless the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00290-00067382-00067528 route through the civilian population is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00291-00067529-00067696 still a feasible means and the risks
0NgW4HxnqWY-00292-00067697-00067933 involved small enough to justify taking
0NgW4HxnqWY-00293-00067934-00068188 this route once more protecting cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00294-00068189-00068395 property is being weighed against the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00295-00068396-00068715 possibility of human harm
0NgW4HxnqWY-00296-00068716-00068926 furthermore there some who have the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00297-00068927-00069064 intuition and perhaps for some
0NgW4HxnqWY-00298-00069065-00069238 appropriate object we might all have the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00299-00069239-00069436 intuition that the preservation of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00300-00069437-00069670 cultural property is worth even the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00301-00069671-00069928 certain loss of life there are those
0NgW4HxnqWY-00302-00069929-00070108 who've explicitly supported the position
0NgW4HxnqWY-00303-00070109-00070249 outlined by Harold Nicolson
0NgW4HxnqWY-00304-00070250-00070543 despite its rhetorical flourishes so
0NgW4HxnqWY-00305-00070544-00070729 history gives us many instances of those
0NgW4HxnqWY-00306-00070730-00070915 who put their own lives before that of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00307-00070916-00071215 cultural property which of course is a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00308-00071216-00071356 different matter of putting others lives
0NgW4HxnqWY-00309-00071357-00071731 before but cultural property now recent
0NgW4HxnqWY-00310-00071732-00072019 cases that of Khalid Al Asad who was
0NgW4HxnqWY-00311-00072020-00072178 murdered by Isis on account of his
0NgW4HxnqWY-00312-00072179-00072361 refusing to reveal the location of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00313-00072362-00072499 valuable artifacts which had been
0NgW4HxnqWY-00314-00072500-00072732 removed from Palmyra for safekeeping
0NgW4HxnqWY-00315-00072733-00072988 indeed our day-to-day behavior reveals
0NgW4HxnqWY-00316-00072989-00073168 most of us to be closer to Nicholson's
0NgW4HxnqWY-00317-00073169-00073423 position and we like to admit the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00318-00073424-00073633 Orthodox view is an ideal which may not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00319-00073634-00073996 even be a desirable ideal most of us do
0NgW4HxnqWY-00320-00073997-00074179 not think that the claims of justice are
0NgW4HxnqWY-00321-00074180-00074476 always overriding indeed for all but the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00322-00074477-00074710 saintly life would be unlivable if they
0NgW4HxnqWY-00323-00074711-00075079 were all over always overriding thus the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00324-00075080-00075265 question does need to be faced how does
0NgW4HxnqWY-00325-00075266-00075406 the value of cultural property measure
0NgW4HxnqWY-00326-00075407-00075616 up against human harm or the risk of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00327-00075617-00075943 human harm now there is an easy way in a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00328-00075944-00076120 difficult way to answer this question I
0NgW4HxnqWY-00329-00076121-00076519 shall consider the easy way first this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00330-00076520-00076717 incorporates the value of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00331-00076718-00077041 property into the sphere of justice that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00332-00077042-00077362 is our reflections on justice include an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00333-00077363-00077530 attention to the fate of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00334-00077531-00077743 property while putting the pointless
0NgW4HxnqWY-00335-00077744-00077998 obscurely the value of cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00336-00077999-00078286 is at bottom cashed out in terms of its
0NgW4HxnqWY-00337-00078287-00078619 benefits and harms to human beings thus
0NgW4HxnqWY-00338-00078620-00078802 the question how does the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00339-00078803-00078955 cultural property measure up against the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00340-00078956-00079252 value of human life is badly posed it's
0NgW4HxnqWY-00341-00079253-00079423 mainly one aspect of the myriad of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00342-00079424-00079561 aspects that are part of the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00343-00079562-00079855 human life and here are some examples of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00344-00079856-00079909 how this two
0NgW4HxnqWY-00345-00079910-00080323 guhshin might go now fairly or fairly
0NgW4HxnqWY-00346-00080324-00080533 obviously were soldiers to damage or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00347-00080534-00080665 destroy things that are valued by a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00348-00080666-00080935 population that would do nothing to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00349-00080936-00081147 endear those soldiers to the population
0NgW4HxnqWY-00350-00081148-00081498 so in short projecting cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00351-00081499-00081916 helps win hearts and minds an army that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00352-00081917-00082141 has won hearts and minds will find its
0NgW4HxnqWY-00353-00082142-00082321 task a great deal easier and will almost
0NgW4HxnqWY-00354-00082322-00082542 certainly emerge with fewer casualties
0NgW4HxnqWY-00355-00082543-00082765 thus even if protecting cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00356-00082766-00083041 property temporarily put some combatants
0NgW4HxnqWY-00357-00083042-00083188 in greater danger than they would have
0NgW4HxnqWY-00358-00083189-00083413 been a policy of protecting cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00359-00083414-00083629 property will result in reduced danger
0NgW4HxnqWY-00360-00083630-00084001 in the longer term thinking in the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00361-00084002-00084208 longer term also raises issues as to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00362-00084209-00084406 what is in place after the conflict has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00363-00084407-00084697 ended the destruction of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00364-00084698-00085078 property could have ruinous effects on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00365-00085079-00085275 cultural identity and social confusion
0NgW4HxnqWY-00366-00085276-00085444 cohesion excuse me
0NgW4HxnqWY-00367-00085445-00085708 it could deepen and intensify existing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00368-00085709-00085879 animosities that could make a permanent
0NgW4HxnqWY-00369-00085880-00086254 peace more difficult there could be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00370-00086255-00086470 effects on the post-conflict economic
0NgW4HxnqWY-00371-00086471-00086677 situation the loss of key sites an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00372-00086678-00086905 ancient town scape could severely affect
0NgW4HxnqWY-00373-00086906-00087175 potential earnings from tourism the loss
0NgW4HxnqWY-00374-00087176-00087361 of Centurions could make post-conflict
0NgW4HxnqWY-00375-00087362-00087595 recovery more difficult and even make
0NgW4HxnqWY-00376-00087596-00087895 future conflict more likely furthermore
0NgW4HxnqWY-00377-00087896-00088045 and history gives us many instance of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00378-00088046-00088249 this the destruction of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00379-00088250-00088408 property is frequently followed by
0NgW4HxnqWY-00380-00088409-00088491 killing people
0NgW4HxnqWY-00381-00088492-00088714 sometimes even the genocide or killing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00382-00088715-00088990 of people so stopping the first may well
0NgW4HxnqWY-00383-00088991-00089341 stop the second it might be that such
0NgW4HxnqWY-00384-00089342-00089509 considerations are sufficient to sort
0NgW4HxnqWY-00385-00089510-00089734 the problem out and are all that needs
0NgW4HxnqWY-00386-00089735-00090223 to be said however I don't think it is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00387-00090224-00090442 all that needs to be said while I'm sure
0NgW4HxnqWY-00388-00090443-00090601 that the value of cultural property does
0NgW4HxnqWY-00389-00090602-00090745 need to be thought about in a broader
0NgW4HxnqWY-00390-00090746-00090955 context I'm not sure the debate makes
0NgW4HxnqWY-00391-00090956-00091177 much sense unless we think that cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00392-00091178-00091561 property has some value in itself it is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00393-00091562-00091762 not simply one more of those things such
0NgW4HxnqWY-00394-00091763-00091996 as the roads or the water supply which
0NgW4HxnqWY-00395-00091997-00092158 need protecting an order to protect a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00396-00092159-00092437 population it needs protecting because
0NgW4HxnqWY-00397-00092438-00092671 it matters to people and it matters to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00398-00092672-00092812 people because they take it to be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00399-00092813-00093151 special or valuable Nicholson values and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00400-00093152-00093310 marks the great 12th sin
0NgW4HxnqWY-00401-00093311-00093513 Basilica in Venice because it is a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00402-00093514-00093706 wonderful thing and it would be a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00403-00093707-00093888 terrible thing were it to be damaged or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00404-00093889-00094249 destroyed it is Sint marks that concerns
0NgW4HxnqWY-00405-00094250-00094500 him not any harms further down the line
0NgW4HxnqWY-00406-00094501-00094636 that would follow from the building
0NgW4HxnqWY-00407-00094637-00095013 being damaged and this is the difficult
0NgW4HxnqWY-00408-00095014-00095157 way to answer the question and this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00409-00095158-00095451 finally explains why a background in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00410-00095452-00095686 aesthetics helps with our project in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00411-00095687-00095850 aesthetics we're used to dealing with
0NgW4HxnqWY-00412-00095851-00096032 values that are not directly at least
0NgW4HxnqWY-00413-00096033-00096313 values attached to human Goods and harms
0NgW4HxnqWY-00414-00096314-00096576 that is we think about aesthetic values
0NgW4HxnqWY-00415-00096577-00096985 cultural value and the value of art but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00416-00096986-00097090 this way to answer the question is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00417-00097091-00097275 difficult because it runs counter to the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00418-00097276-00097459 background thoughts that we have that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00419-00097460-00097606 the demands of justice should be served
0NgW4HxnqWY-00420-00097607-00097843 before we can worry about aspects of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00421-00097844-00098157 good life that is nicholson's views
0NgW4HxnqWY-00422-00098158-00098347 that's and Marx has a value the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00423-00098348-00098566 preservation of which justifies corns
0NgW4HxnqWY-00424-00098567-00098815 inhuman harm or even death where that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00425-00098816-00099061 value does not require that less harm or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00426-00099062-00099322 fewer deaths are caused in the long run
0NgW4HxnqWY-00427-00099323-00099928 I shall call this the strong view now I
0NgW4HxnqWY-00428-00099929-00100090 should just enter a caveat here for the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00429-00100091-00100285 philosophers in the audience they might
0NgW4HxnqWY-00430-00100286-00100471 look as if the strong view is committed
0NgW4HxnqWY-00431-00100472-00100636 to sent Marx having what some call
0NgW4HxnqWY-00432-00100637-00100885 intrinsic value where intrinsic value is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00433-00100886-00101104 cashed out as value from the point of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00434-00101105-00101329 view of the universe or value in the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00435-00101330-00101584 sight of God that is a value that would
0NgW4HxnqWY-00436-00101585-00101769 survive the permanent extinction of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00437-00101770-00102046 sentient life or a value that in a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00438-00102047-00102276 notorious thought experiment by GE Moore
0NgW4HxnqWY-00439-00102277-00102519 it would possess even if it were the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00440-00102520-00102763 only thing that existed one of the more
0NgW4HxnqWY-00441-00102764-00102959 bizarre bits of philosophy element
0NgW4HxnqWY-00442-00102960-00103138 unfortunately we do not need to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00443-00103139-00103363 postulate Citra value in order to take
0NgW4HxnqWY-00444-00103364-00103515 the strong view and the claim that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00445-00103516-00103696 something has a value that cannot be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00446-00103697-00103857 cashed out in terms of benefits and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00447-00103858-00104106 harms to human beings is compatible with
0NgW4HxnqWY-00448-00104107-00104328 a claim that value only comes into the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00449-00104329-00104478 world by the thoughts and actions of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00450-00104479-00104555 human beings
0NgW4HxnqWY-00451-00104556-00104776 now the philosophy in this area is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00452-00104777-00104985 complex but having this caveat I will
0NgW4HxnqWY-00453-00104986-00105175 move on having made this caveat I'll
0NgW4HxnqWY-00454-00105176-00105504 move on the strong view then holds that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00455-00105505-00105660 they're sometimes right to acts not for
0NgW4HxnqWY-00456-00105661-00105823 the sake of justice or more broadly
0NgW4HxnqWY-00457-00105824-00106051 morality but for the sake of something
0NgW4HxnqWY-00458-00106052-00106236 else in this case preserving cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00459-00106238-00106495 property now what wouldn't we need to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00460-00106496-00106690 show to vindicate this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00461-00106691-00107170 you now the strong view holds that we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00462-00107171-00107392 are justified in aiming at a plurality
0NgW4HxnqWY-00463-00107393-00107689 of goods we should not only aim at
0NgW4HxnqWY-00464-00107690-00107863 making life better for our fellow human
0NgW4HxnqWY-00465-00107864-00108019 beings or perhaps our fellow sentient
0NgW4HxnqWY-00466-00108020-00108232 beings but we should aim at other things
0NgW4HxnqWY-00467-00108233-00108313 as well
0NgW4HxnqWY-00468-00108314-00108585 how concern is that we should aim not to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00469-00108586-00108745 damage cultural property sorry our
0NgW4HxnqWY-00470-00108746-00108901 concern is that we should aim not to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00471-00108902-00109108 damage cultural property but we could
0NgW4HxnqWY-00472-00109108-00109327 some add some other candidates so for
0NgW4HxnqWY-00473-00109328-00109582 example we could aim to preserve
0NgW4HxnqWY-00474-00109583-00109801 pristine nature or we could aim to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00475-00109802-00110026 reduce threats to other species or we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00476-00110027-00110179 could aim to preserve various art forms
0NgW4HxnqWY-00477-00110180-00110361 even if they appeal to very few people
0NgW4HxnqWY-00478-00110363-00110608 the thought is there are a variety of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00479-00110608-00110926 values that we could aim at the problem
0NgW4HxnqWY-00480-00110927-00111145 to which pluralism gives rise is that is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00481-00111146-00111298 that it does not look as if we can have
0NgW4HxnqWY-00482-00111299-00111628 all these goods at once the pursuit of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00483-00111629-00111795 one is at least some of the time
0NgW4HxnqWY-00484-00111796-00111982 incompatible with the pursuit of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00485-00111983-00112260 other and this raises a difficult
0NgW4HxnqWY-00486-00112261-00112552 question if we are faced with a choice
0NgW4HxnqWY-00487-00112553-00112813 between actions aimed at furthering two
0NgW4HxnqWY-00488-00112814-00113098 incompatible values both of which we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00489-00113099-00113323 have reason to pursue how do we make
0NgW4HxnqWY-00490-00113324-00113674 that choice now there seem to be two
0NgW4HxnqWY-00491-00113675-00113883 options the first is that in any
0NgW4HxnqWY-00492-00113884-00114082 particular choice situation we can place
0NgW4HxnqWY-00493-00114083-00114214 the values on some kind of background
0NgW4HxnqWY-00494-00114215-00114496 scale of value work out where they stand
0NgW4HxnqWY-00495-00114497-00114751 and aim to further the one that stands
0NgW4HxnqWY-00496-00114752-00115051 highest however the problem only arises
0NgW4HxnqWY-00497-00115052-00115291 because the goods are apparently
0NgW4HxnqWY-00498-00115292-00115573 incompatible that is there is no common
0NgW4HxnqWY-00499-00115574-00115884 scalar value thus that option seems
0NgW4HxnqWY-00500-00115885-00116143 closed to us and the second option is to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00501-00116144-00116221 bite the bullet
0NgW4HxnqWY-00502-00116222-00116409 we can either pursue this good or we can
0NgW4HxnqWY-00503-00116410-00116599 pursue that good as we have no way of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00504-00116600-00116803 comparing them we simply have to plump
0NgW4HxnqWY-00505-00116804-00116890 for one or the other
0NgW4HxnqWY-00506-00116891-00117247 we cannot pursue both in effect we toss
0NgW4HxnqWY-00507-00117248-00117636 a coin the American philosopher Ruth
0NgW4HxnqWY-00508-00117638-00117810 Chang has provided an argument which
0NgW4HxnqWY-00509-00117811-00117979 attempts to show that these difficult
0NgW4HxnqWY-00510-00117980-00118195 problems of choice can be satisfactorily
0NgW4HxnqWY-00511-00118196-00118410 resolved well first let me introduce
0NgW4HxnqWY-00512-00118411-00118708 some vocabulary it wouldn't be a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00513-00118708-00118867 philosophy lecture and it was some
0NgW4HxnqWY-00514-00118868-00119055 technical vocabulary to introduce
0NgW4HxnqWY-00515-00119056-00119328 though two terms are in commence herbal
0NgW4HxnqWY-00516-00119329-00119607 if they cannot be precisely measured by
0NgW4HxnqWY-00517-00119608-00119829 some common scale if units of value
0NgW4HxnqWY-00518-00119830-00120090 I shall that assume that the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00519-00120091-00120303 cultural property and the value of human
0NgW4HxnqWY-00520-00120304-00120588 life or some human lives are in commence
0NgW4HxnqWY-00521-00120589-00120836 rule however as I shall explain in a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00522-00120838-00121071 moment in commence ability is not the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00523-00121072-00121416 problem rather the problem is in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00524-00121417-00121773 comparability two items are incomparable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00525-00121774-00122205 if they cannot be compared if the value
0NgW4HxnqWY-00526-00122206-00122364 of a piece of cultural property and the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00527-00122365-00122561 value of human life or some human lives
0NgW4HxnqWY-00528-00122563-00122802 are incomparable then there'd be no
0NgW4HxnqWY-00529-00122803-00122991 rational way of deciding between them
0NgW4HxnqWY-00530-00122992-00123330 and Chiang was distinctive contribution
0NgW4HxnqWY-00531-00123331-00123600 is to argue that in comparability is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00532-00123601-00124002 never an issue if she is right then we'd
0NgW4HxnqWY-00533-00124003-00124149 always be able to make rational
0NgW4HxnqWY-00534-00124150-00124374 comparisons between comparing protecting
0NgW4HxnqWY-00535-00124375-00124631 cultural property and causing human harm
0NgW4HxnqWY-00536-00124632-00124875 thus we could hold the strong view and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00537-00124876-00125190 not be reduced to deciding by the toss
0NgW4HxnqWY-00538-00125191-00125396 of a coin
0NgW4HxnqWY-00539-00125397-00125631 now incommensurability is not the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00540-00125632-00125778 problem because two things can be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00541-00125779-00125997 incommensurable and yet still be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00542-00125998-00126294 comparable so there's no common scale
0NgW4HxnqWY-00543-00126295-00126495 for the measure of beauty but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00544-00126496-00126702 nonetheless objects can be compared in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00545-00126703-00126876 terms of their beauty actually was
0NgW4HxnqWY-00546-00126877-00127061 somebody once did come up with a common
0NgW4HxnqWY-00547-00127063-00127208 scale for measure of beauty and the unit
0NgW4HxnqWY-00548-00127209-00127508 was a mille helen and mille helen is the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00549-00127509-00127695 quantum of beauty sufficient to launch
0NgW4HxnqWY-00550-00127696-00128223 one ship so there's no common scale for
0NgW4HxnqWY-00551-00128224-00128349 the measure of beauty but nonetheless
0NgW4HxnqWY-00552-00128350-00128526 objects can be compared in terms of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00553-00128527-00128711 their beauty any reasonable Monet is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00554-00128713-00128853 more beautiful than even the best my
0NgW4HxnqWY-00555-00128854-00129081 Travers and one would always be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00556-00129082-00129282 justified in choosing a Monet over Emma
0NgW4HxnqWY-00557-00129283-00129564 Travers in terms of beauty now note the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00558-00129565-00129819 qualification in terms of beauty the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00559-00129820-00130014 instruction compared this object to that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00560-00130015-00130266 object is under specified until what
0NgW4HxnqWY-00561-00130267-00130515 Chiang calls a covering consideration is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00562-00130516-00130728 given in terms of which the comparison
0NgW4HxnqWY-00563-00130729-00130923 can be made that's the V at the top
0NgW4HxnqWY-00564-00130924-00131181 there if the covering consideration is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00565-00131182-00131406 beauty then as we have seen the Monet
0NgW4HxnqWY-00566-00131407-00131625 should be chosen if the covering
0NgW4HxnqWY-00567-00131626-00131805 consideration is being a suitable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00568-00131806-00132018 present to your worst enemy the matte
0NgW4HxnqWY-00569-00132019-00132251 Travers will win every time
0NgW4HxnqWY-00570-00132252-00132514 now our problem is not in commence
0NgW4HxnqWY-00571-00132515-00132745 ability but in comparability if
0NgW4HxnqWY-00572-00132746-00132901 preserving cultural property and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00573-00132902-00133077 preserving human life are genuinely
0NgW4HxnqWY-00574-00133078-00133333 incomparable then there will be no
0NgW4HxnqWY-00575-00133334-00133599 rational way of deciding which to pursue
0NgW4HxnqWY-00576-00133600-00133851 we will simply have to plump for one or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00577-00133852-00134182 the other now as I said Chang thinks
0NgW4HxnqWY-00578-00134183-00134494 that incomparability never arises her
0NgW4HxnqWY-00579-00134495-00134733 argument has the form of a dilemma
0NgW4HxnqWY-00580-00134734-00135126 either both items fall under a covering
0NgW4HxnqWY-00581-00135127-00135351 consideration or at least one item does
0NgW4HxnqWY-00582-00135352-00135579 not if both do
0NgW4HxnqWY-00583-00135580-00135784 she has an argument to show that the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00584-00135785-00136033 items are comparable or we need not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00585-00136034-00136309 worry about that here if at least one
0NgW4HxnqWY-00586-00136310-00136594 item does not she thinks the items are
0NgW4HxnqWY-00587-00136595-00137010 not incomparable they are non comparable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00588-00137011-00137212 now this does not seem to have got us
0NgW4HxnqWY-00589-00137213-00137488 very far if two items are non comparable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00590-00137489-00137632 deciding between them would still seem
0NgW4HxnqWY-00591-00137633-00137862 to be a problem well Chang agrees
0NgW4HxnqWY-00592-00137863-00138073 however she thinks this is a harmless
0NgW4HxnqWY-00593-00138074-00138337 matter because as a matter of fact we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00594-00138338-00138562 are never faced with a choice between
0NgW4HxnqWY-00595-00138563-00138850 non comparables one can see why she
0NgW4HxnqWY-00596-00138851-00139060 thinks this by considering an example in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00597-00139061-00139348 fact her own example so compare rotten
0NgW4HxnqWY-00598-00139349-00139549 eggs with the number 9 in terms of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00599-00139550-00139647 tastiness
0NgW4HxnqWY-00600-00139648-00139873 clearly the number 9 does not fall under
0NgW4HxnqWY-00601-00139874-00140056 the covering consideration of tastiness
0NgW4HxnqWY-00602-00140057-00140431 thus the two are non comparable however
0NgW4HxnqWY-00603-00140432-00140703 and here's the rub life would never
0NgW4HxnqWY-00604-00140704-00140884 throw up a situation in which we have to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00605-00140885-00141049 compare rotten eggs for the number 9 in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00606-00141050-00141319 terms of tastiness so here is what Chang
0NgW4HxnqWY-00607-00141320-00141670 says as a quote from Chang non
0NgW4HxnqWY-00608-00141671-00141856 comparability among alternatives for
0NgW4HxnqWY-00609-00141857-00141985 choices has little philosophical
0NgW4HxnqWY-00610-00141986-00142237 significance this is because the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00611-00142238-00142413 distinction between formal and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00612-00142414-00142611 substantive failures of comparability
0NgW4HxnqWY-00613-00142612-00142878 tracks the distinction between genuine
0NgW4HxnqWY-00614-00142879-00143043 practical choice situations and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00615-00143044-00143391 gerrymandered or rosettes ones practical
0NgW4HxnqWY-00616-00143392-00143632 reason will never ask agents to compare
0NgW4HxnqWY-00617-00143633-00143809 rotten eggs in the number 9 with respect
0NgW4HxnqWY-00618-00143810-00144027 to tastiness there can never be a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00619-00144028-00144264 genuine choice situation in which one
0NgW4HxnqWY-00620-00144265-00144481 must choose between alternatives with
0NgW4HxnqWY-00621-00144482-00144666 respect to some consideration that fails
0NgW4HxnqWY-00622-00144667-00144876 to cover both of them in the context of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00623-00144877-00145059 comparison
0NgW4HxnqWY-00624-00145060-00145308 practical reason guarantees that once
0NgW4HxnqWY-00625-00145309-00145488 what matters in a choice is determined
0NgW4HxnqWY-00626-00145489-00145737 the alternatives will be bearers of what
0NgW4HxnqWY-00627-00145738-00145893 matters and the choice between them in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00628-00145894-00146364 that choice choice situation now I think
0NgW4HxnqWY-00629-00146365-00146598 this is a bit too quick it's in danger
0NgW4HxnqWY-00630-00146599-00146820 of simply defining the problem out of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00631-00146821-00147123 existence Chang thinks that something
0NgW4HxnqWY-00632-00147124-00147351 could only be a genuine practical choice
0NgW4HxnqWY-00633-00147352-00147618 situation if choosing is viable and that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00634-00147619-00147822 choosing is viable only if there's a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00635-00147823-00148125 covering consideration however if we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00636-00148126-00148275 think of genuine practical choice
0NgW4HxnqWY-00637-00148276-00148545 situations simply as situations we might
0NgW4HxnqWY-00638-00148546-00148722 encounter in which we call to make a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00639-00148723-00148952 choice it's an open question as to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00640-00148953-00149070 whether or not there will always be a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00641-00149071-00149388 covering consideration now Chang claims
0NgW4HxnqWY-00642-00149389-00149568 that situations in which there is not a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00643-00149569-00149811 covering consideration would only ever
0NgW4HxnqWY-00644-00149812-00149966 be a philosophical Asif errs thought
0NgW4HxnqWY-00645-00149967-00150102 experiment as you described it
0NgW4HxnqWY-00646-00150103-00150438 gerrymander Dora's ass however as far as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00647-00150439-00150669 I can see she provides no argument for
0NgW4HxnqWY-00648-00150670-00150941 this now certainly will never have to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00649-00150942-00151068 choose between rotten eggs and the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00650-00151069-00151323 number nine in terms of tastiness but we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00651-00151324-00151466 do have to choose between preserving
0NgW4HxnqWY-00652-00151467-00151677 cultural property and not causing human
0NgW4HxnqWY-00653-00151678-00152010 harm and in such cases it's moot it's
0NgW4HxnqWY-00654-00152011-00152151 just an open question whether or not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00655-00152152-00152483 there's a helpful covering consideration
0NgW4HxnqWY-00656-00152484-00152721 now I say it's moot because I'm not sure
0NgW4HxnqWY-00657-00152722-00152919 that finding a consideration covers both
0NgW4HxnqWY-00658-00152920-00153183 options will help us much and as it
0NgW4HxnqWY-00659-00153184-00153539 seems we face a dilemma of our own so
0NgW4HxnqWY-00660-00153540-00153738 such a consideration eliezer be broad or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00661-00153739-00153989 narrow now a broad consideration will be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00662-00153990-00154224 something like choose between protecting
0NgW4HxnqWY-00663-00154225-00154374 cultural property or causing human harm
0NgW4HxnqWY-00664-00154375-00154702 with respect to what ought to be done or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00665-00154703-00154902 choose between protecting cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00666-00154903-00155088 property or causing human harm with
0NgW4HxnqWY-00667-00155089-00155400 respect to what is best overall now
0NgW4HxnqWY-00668-00155401-00155550 clearly this will not help us because
0NgW4HxnqWY-00669-00155551-00155697 what ought to be done or what is best
0NgW4HxnqWY-00670-00155698-00156012 overall is exactly what is at issue so
0NgW4HxnqWY-00671-00156013-00156201 if we opt for a narrow consideration the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00672-00156202-00156353 dangerous that we will stack the deck in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00673-00156354-00156510 favor of one of the options over the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00674-00156511-00156774 other so for example choose between
0NgW4HxnqWY-00675-00156775-00156945 protecting cultural property and causing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00676-00156946-00157176 human arm human harm with respect to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00677-00157177-00157386 human wellbeing will favor choosing to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00678-00157387-00157581 avoid human harm and choose between
0NgW4HxnqWY-00679-00157582-00157788 protecting cultural property and causing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00680-00157789-00157977 human harm with respect to historical
0NgW4HxnqWY-00681-00157978-00158184 significance or favor protecting
0NgW4HxnqWY-00682-00158185-00158378 cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00683-00158379-00158631 now a clearest way to proceed I think is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00684-00158632-00158835 to face the issue directly in order to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00685-00158836-00158943 choose between protecting cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00686-00158944-00159210 property and causing human heart we need
0NgW4HxnqWY-00687-00159211-00159645 to work out two things first the nature
0NgW4HxnqWY-00688-00159646-00159839 of the value of cultural heritage and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00689-00159840-00160062 second whether in any particular
0NgW4HxnqWY-00690-00160063-00160314 circumstance it stacks up against the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00691-00160315-00160545 the preventing the value of preventing
0NgW4HxnqWY-00692-00160546-00160764 human harm now whether or not this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00693-00160765-00160944 amounts to coming up with a covering
0NgW4HxnqWY-00694-00160945-00161142 consideration is something I'll put to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00695-00161143-00161573 one side now more work has been done on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00696-00161574-00161763 discovering the nature of the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00697-00161764-00161895 cultural heritage than has been done on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00698-00161896-00162048 finding whether it stacks up against
0NgW4HxnqWY-00699-00162049-00162285 other values and furthermore the issue
0NgW4HxnqWY-00700-00162286-00162492 of whether it stacks up reveals I think
0NgW4HxnqWY-00701-00162493-00162693 a certain failure to face facts a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00702-00162694-00162930 failure that hampers the quality of our
0NgW4HxnqWY-00703-00162931-00163164 thinking about important matters which
0NgW4HxnqWY-00704-00163165-00163410 in consequence undermines sensible
0NgW4HxnqWY-00705-00163411-00163574 decision-making
0NgW4HxnqWY-00706-00163575-00163842 now the foundational work on the nature
0NgW4HxnqWY-00707-00163843-00164118 of cultural property and nature the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00708-00164119-00164253 value of cultural property excuse me was
0NgW4HxnqWY-00709-00164254-00164427 done by the 19th century art historian
0NgW4HxnqWY-00710-00164428-00164718 alias regal he distinguished various
0NgW4HxnqWY-00711-00164719-00164997 sorts of value age value the value an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00712-00164998-00165147 object has in virtue of bearing the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00713-00165148-00165392 marks of it's usually significant age
0NgW4HxnqWY-00714-00165393-00165684 historical value the value an object has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00715-00165685-00165834 in virtue of it being able to tell us
0NgW4HxnqWY-00716-00165835-00166146 about the past and use value the value
0NgW4HxnqWY-00717-00166147-00166317 an object has in virtue of its
0NgW4HxnqWY-00718-00166318-00166617 contemporary practical function now a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00719-00166618-00166974 regal sorry the value of the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00720-00166975-00167115 knowledge that's historical value and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00721-00167116-00167313 the value of practical function that is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00722-00167314-00167538 used value are familiar and easy to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00723-00167539-00167811 understand but what is distinctive about
0NgW4HxnqWY-00724-00167812-00168078 those values in this case is the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00725-00168079-00168315 relation they have to age value so I'll
0NgW4HxnqWY-00726-00168316-00168734 focus on age value and there has
0NgW4HxnqWY-00727-00168735-00168984 recently been a spate of work on the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00728-00168985-00169260 nature of age value Caroline course Myer
0NgW4HxnqWY-00729-00169261-00169488 thinks it's an aesthetic phenomenon as a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00730-00169489-00169785 quote from Caroline cause fire when the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00731-00169786-00169923 Library of Congress put the original
0NgW4HxnqWY-00732-00169924-00170163 Gettysburg Address on display the line
0NgW4HxnqWY-00733-00170164-00170526 was Locke's long the cue in American but
0NgW4HxnqWY-00734-00170527-00170670 when they submitted the modern facsimile
0NgW4HxnqWY-00735-00170671-00170862 so accurate that the naked eye of an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00736-00170863-00170991 untrained person could not tell the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00737-00170992-00171291 difference there was no line people
0NgW4HxnqWY-00738-00171292-00171501 wanted to see the authentic document the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00739-00171502-00171752 one that Lincoln
0NgW4HxnqWY-00740-00171753-00171972 so what do we value about the authentic
0NgW4HxnqWY-00741-00171973-00172194 Gettysburg Address what is valuable
0NgW4HxnqWY-00742-00172195-00172398 about real old things in particular
0NgW4HxnqWY-00743-00172399-00172596 those things that are as the Americans
0NgW4HxnqWY-00744-00172597-00172713 say real old
0NgW4HxnqWY-00745-00172714-00172989 of course Maya argues that our encounter
0NgW4HxnqWY-00746-00172990-00173136 with these objects has an aesthetic
0NgW4HxnqWY-00747-00173137-00173322 dimension in particular through the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00748-00173323-00173471 sense of touch
0NgW4HxnqWY-00749-00173472-00173735 so quotation from course my again
0NgW4HxnqWY-00750-00173736-00173943 underlying such encounters is the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00751-00173944-00174176 complex operation of the sense of touch
0NgW4HxnqWY-00752-00174177-00174384 including the touch that brought the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00753-00174385-00174615 original object into being the touch of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00754-00174616-00174792 those who lived with it in the past and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00755-00174793-00175008 the touch of those who continue to value
0NgW4HxnqWY-00756-00175009-00175226 its being and who desire its presence
0NgW4HxnqWY-00757-00175227-00175503 for most such encounters it's essential
0NgW4HxnqWY-00758-00175504-00175680 that one be physically near the object
0NgW4HxnqWY-00759-00175681-00175869 in question where the possibility of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00760-00175870-00176163 contact is implicit even though they
0NgW4HxnqWY-00761-00176164-00176346 themselves cannot touch the Gettysburg
0NgW4HxnqWY-00762-00176347-00176583 Address was it his desire to visit the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00763-00176584-00176754 document whose works were inscribed by
0NgW4HxnqWY-00764-00176755-00177015 Lincoln's own fingers such behavior
0NgW4HxnqWY-00765-00177016-00177210 suggests that direct proximal
0NgW4HxnqWY-00766-00177211-00177381 acquaintance with these objects is the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00767-00177382-00177651 event to savor even though one rarely is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00768-00177652-00178029 permitted literal touch and the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00769-00178030-00178209 philosopher Eric matys has a similar
0NgW4HxnqWY-00770-00178210-00178536 view LP Hartley famously wrote the past
0NgW4HxnqWY-00771-00178537-00178689 as a foreign country they do things
0NgW4HxnqWY-00772-00178690-00178950 differently they're as revealing as this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00773-00178951-00179076 metaphor can be there's a crucial
0NgW4HxnqWY-00774-00179077-00179241 dimension of our relationship to the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00775-00179242-00179529 past that it fails to capture while we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00776-00179530-00179703 might visit a foreign country we cannot
0NgW4HxnqWY-00777-00179704-00179946 at least not in the same way visit the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00778-00179947-00180372 past but the past can visit us the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00779-00180373-00180591 historical properties of objects offer
0NgW4HxnqWY-00780-00180592-00180839 us a genuine connection to the past
0NgW4HxnqWY-00781-00180840-00181086 though he cannot go back in time the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00782-00181087-00181257 objects and places that were present in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00783-00181258-00181514 the past travel forward in time with us
0NgW4HxnqWY-00784-00181515-00181833 the enthusiasts to exclaims this is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00785-00181834-00181998 where Jefferson sat is he drafted the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00786-00181999-00182199 Declaration of Independence is not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00787-00182200-00182427 mistaken in her excitement she values a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00788-00182428-00182607 connection with the past that has an
0NgW4HxnqWY-00789-00182608-00182787 immediacy that is otherwise completely
0NgW4HxnqWY-00790-00182788-00183078 impossible while she cannot visit 18th
0NgW4HxnqWY-00791-00183079-00183585 century America the desk already has so
0NgW4HxnqWY-00792-00183586-00183720 having sorted out the nature of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00793-00183721-00183858 value of cultural property you can move
0NgW4HxnqWY-00794-00183859-00184062 to the question of - as to whether this
0NgW4HxnqWY-00795-00184063-00184299 value stacks up against the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00796-00184300-00184602 presenting human harm now the difficulty
0NgW4HxnqWY-00797-00184603-00184782 is that it does not seem to stack up
0NgW4HxnqWY-00798-00184783-00184935 very well
0NgW4HxnqWY-00799-00184936-00185118 an experience of a connection of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00800-00185119-00185382 past whether it has an aesthetic tone or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00801-00185383-00185673 an excited one might be valuable but is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00802-00185674-00185970 it that valuable that is when we were
0NgW4HxnqWY-00803-00185971-00186108 weighing the preservation of cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00804-00186109-00186300 heritage against causing human harm is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00805-00186301-00186528 this the best we can do in favor of the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00806-00186529-00186822 first if these are as they may well be
0NgW4HxnqWY-00807-00186823-00186963 our best contemporary attempts to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00808-00186964-00187188 explicate the nature of age value it
0NgW4HxnqWY-00809-00187189-00187395 does not look particularly weighty when
0NgW4HxnqWY-00810-00187396-00187797 compared to human harm so what should we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00811-00187798-00187998 do in the face of this we could take the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00812-00187999-00188220 finding at face value and respond as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00813-00188221-00188373 Helen throw my co-director on the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00814-00188374-00188541 project does that the value of
0NgW4HxnqWY-00815-00188542-00188679 protecting cultural property will not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00816-00188680-00188997 outweigh the value of preventing human
0NgW4HxnqWY-00817-00188998-00189290 Harman so barring some exculpatory
0NgW4HxnqWY-00818-00189291-00189545 exculpatory account in terms of justice
0NgW4HxnqWY-00819-00189546-00189756 preventing damage to cultural property
0NgW4HxnqWY-00820-00189757-00190002 is not sufficient for causing grave harm
0NgW4HxnqWY-00821-00190003-00190272 to even one human being now I do not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00822-00190273-00190458 rule this out might be the right answer
0NgW4HxnqWY-00823-00190459-00190728 but I suspect that what we have here is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00824-00190729-00191030 an instance of a more general problem
0NgW4HxnqWY-00825-00191031-00191325 morality as we've seen thinks of itself
0NgW4HxnqWY-00826-00191326-00191613 as universal and overriding on the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00827-00191614-00191862 Orthodox or just as few justice first
0NgW4HxnqWY-00828-00191863-00192138 view it will be impossible to compare a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00829-00192139-00192372 non moral value with a moral value and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00830-00192373-00192665 that the first will outweigh the second
0NgW4HxnqWY-00831-00192666-00192927 so philosophers such as Peter Singer and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00832-00192928-00193086 the effective altruists movement who
0NgW4HxnqWY-00833-00193087-00193221 think that we should devote more time to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00834-00193222-00193449 helping the global poor are in a strong
0NgW4HxnqWY-00835-00193450-00193674 rhetorical position they can and do
0NgW4HxnqWY-00836-00193675-00193863 pointed starving children and asked us
0NgW4HxnqWY-00837-00193864-00194031 to defend spending our money on such
0NgW4HxnqWY-00838-00194032-00194253 things as building great art collections
0NgW4HxnqWY-00839-00194254-00194481 or caring about which wine we will have
0NgW4HxnqWY-00840-00194482-00194627 with a stake
0NgW4HxnqWY-00841-00194628-00194904 so why describe this as a problem is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00842-00194905-00195069 that it leaves us stranded when we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00843-00195070-00195210 confronted with the kinds of hard
0NgW4HxnqWY-00844-00195211-00195405 choices faced by anybody whose life is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00845-00195406-00195639 not simply a struggle for survival
0NgW4HxnqWY-00846-00195640-00195942 the Orthodox view encourages us not to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00847-00195943-00196143 think about much of what we do in fact
0NgW4HxnqWY-00848-00196144-00196383 care about instead keeping such things
0NgW4HxnqWY-00849-00196384-00196587 in the dark or relegating them to guilty
0NgW4HxnqWY-00850-00196588-00196944 pleasures when we're faced with choices
0NgW4HxnqWY-00851-00196945-00197136 that involve values such as age value
0NgW4HxnqWY-00852-00197137-00197310 aesthetic value or even the value of a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00853-00197311-00197466 kind of life that includes drinking
0NgW4HxnqWY-00854-00197467-00197694 expensive wine with dinner our thinking
0NgW4HxnqWY-00855-00197695-00197946 takes place in a vacuum it was perhaps
0NgW4HxnqWY-00856-00197947-00198138 this that caused my fellow esthetician
0NgW4HxnqWY-00857-00198139-00198327 Richard volkheim to wonder quote
0NgW4HxnqWY-00858-00198328-00198510 whether there really is such a thing as
0NgW4HxnqWY-00859-00198511-00198741 morality or whether it is a dream or
0NgW4HxnqWY-00860-00198742-00199089 perhaps a nightmare nonetheless as these
0NgW4HxnqWY-00861-00199090-00199311 non moral values cover much of what we
0NgW4HxnqWY-00862-00199312-00199551 care about we will be faced with choices
0NgW4HxnqWY-00863-00199552-00199800 between those values and moral values in
0NgW4HxnqWY-00864-00199801-00200058 the nature of the case since choices
0NgW4HxnqWY-00865-00200059-00200289 will often be hard choices and would
0NgW4HxnqWY-00866-00200290-00200460 benefit by some rigorous thinking on the
0NgW4HxnqWY-00867-00200461-00200718 matter huh so unless we do start to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00868-00200719-00200889 think about these values what way to
0NgW4HxnqWY-00869-00200890-00201093 accord to them and whether these values
0NgW4HxnqWY-00870-00201094-00201324 stack up against moral values they will
0NgW4HxnqWY-00871-00201325-00201531 continue to be an unsatisfactory gap
0NgW4HxnqWY-00872-00201532-00201780 between what we think which includes a
0NgW4HxnqWY-00873-00201781-00201909 commitment to values that are not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00874-00201910-00202083 recognized by the Orthodox position and
0NgW4HxnqWY-00875-00202084-00202338 what we tend to think we think which is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00876-00202339-00202631 nicely captured by the Orthodox position
0NgW4HxnqWY-00877-00202632-00202884 so in particular to return to the topic
0NgW4HxnqWY-00878-00202885-00203019 of this lecture we need to think
0NgW4HxnqWY-00879-00203020-00203202 seriously about the choices that follow
0NgW4HxnqWY-00880-00203203-00203370 from the law surrounding the protection
0NgW4HxnqWY-00881-00203371-00203598 of cultural property and the matter is
0NgW4HxnqWY-00882-00203599-00203781 not simply settled by declaring that
0NgW4HxnqWY-00883-00203782-00203916 human life is more valuable than
0NgW4HxnqWY-00884-00203917-00204177 cultural property the matter is also not
0NgW4HxnqWY-00885-00204178-00204372 settled by clever philosophical work on
0NgW4HxnqWY-00886-00204373-00204638 in commensurability and incomparability
0NgW4HxnqWY-00887-00204639-00204927 the matter might be settled by claiming
0NgW4HxnqWY-00888-00204928-00205137 the preventing human harm always our
0NgW4HxnqWY-00889-00205138-00205302 phase preventing harm to cultural
0NgW4HxnqWY-00890-00205303-00205652 property however if we reject that claim
0NgW4HxnqWY-00891-00205653-00205911 we need to find some way of thinking
0NgW4HxnqWY-00892-00205912-00206117 seriously about balancing various
0NgW4HxnqWY-00893-00206119-00206379 incompatible goods all of which we're
0NgW4HxnqWY-00894-00206380-00206604 right to care about how we need to think
0NgW4HxnqWY-00895-00206605-00206802 seriously sorry we need to take
0NgW4HxnqWY-00896-00206803-00207033 seriously the idea that moral claims
0NgW4HxnqWY-00897-00207034-00207296 should not be always and everywhere
0NgW4HxnqWY-00898-00207296-00208348 overriding
0NgW4HxnqWY-00899-00208348-00208555 you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00000-00000450-00001566 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00002-00006053-00008362 all right
0p_qaaQNIKc-00003-00008363-00008368 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00004-00008369-00009259 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00005-00009260-00009364 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00006-00009365-00009374 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00007-00009375-00009479 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00008-00009480-00009699 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00009-00009700-00010417 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00010-00010418-00011065 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00011-00011066-00013225 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00012-00013226-00013381 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00013-00013382-00013912 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00014-00013913-00014110 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00015-00014111-00014515 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00016-00014516-00016643 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00017-00016644-00017386 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00018-00017387-00018812 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00019-00018813-00020120 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00020-00020121-00020465 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00021-00020466-00021428 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00022-00021429-00021478 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00023-00021479-00022385 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00024-00022386-00023722 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00025-00023723-00023904 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00026-00023905-00024029 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00027-00024030-00024216 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00028-00024217-00024967 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00029-00024968-00027052 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00030-00027054-00028099 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00031-00028100-00030823 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00032-00030824-00031108 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00033-00031110-00032401 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00034-00032402-00033519 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00035-00033520-00033664 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00036-00033665-00035205 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00037-00035206-00036840 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00038-00036841-00039005 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00039-00039006-00040382 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00040-00040383-00040471 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00041-00040472-00040596 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00042-00040597-00040771 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00043-00040772-00041527 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00044-00041528-00042884 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00045-00042885-00043118 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00046-00043119-00044483 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00047-00044484-00046015 thank you
0p_qaaQNIKc-00048-00046016-00046162 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00049-00046163-00046277 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00050-00046278-00048123 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00051-00048124-00049163 [Music]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00052-00049164-00050429 [Applause]
0p_qaaQNIKc-00053-00050430-00050805 foreign
0p_qaaQNIKc-00054-00050806-00051148 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00000-00000218-00000438 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00001-00000440-00001349 how about you
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00002-00001350-00002933 Facebook
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00003-00002934-00003065 nope
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00004-00003066-00003596 nope
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00005-00003597-00004174 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00006-00004175-00004562 [Applause]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00007-00004563-00007217 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00008-00007218-00007253 foreign
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00010-00011744-00013949 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00011-00013950-00014781 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00012-00014782-00014938 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00013-00014940-00015138 okay
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00014-00015138-00015407 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00015-00015408-00016787 yes
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00016-00016788-00017483 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00017-00017484-00017809 nope
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00018-00017810-00018472 [Music]
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00019-00018473-00018606 foreign
0pGYJ7kqOyo-00020-00018607-00019469 [Music]
0PjnEl3wVoY-00000-00000048-00000209 ho ho ho
0PjnEl3wVoY-00001-00000210-00000424 instead of bombarding your beloved ones
0PjnEl3wVoY-00002-00000425-00000719 with useless gifts practice touch it is
0PjnEl3wVoY-00003-00000720-00000886 an important part of human communication
0PjnEl3wVoY-00004-00000888-00001097 and can play a significant role in the
0PjnEl3wVoY-00005-00001098-00001235 experience of sensual pleasure
0PjnEl3wVoY-00006-00001236-00001450 especially when it is received through
0PjnEl3wVoY-00007-00001451-00001702 Active touch and with consent the hands
0PjnEl3wVoY-00008-00001703-00001937 in particular are a highly sensitive and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00009-00001938-00002189 versatile part of the body and are often
0PjnEl3wVoY-00010-00002190-00002405 used for touch and caressing When We
0PjnEl3wVoY-00011-00002406-00002555 Touch or are touched by another person
0PjnEl3wVoY-00012-00002556-00002795 with consent it can stimulate the
0PjnEl3wVoY-00013-00002796-00002957 release of neurotransmitters such as
0PjnEl3wVoY-00014-00002958-00003197 oxytocin and dopamine which are involved
0PjnEl3wVoY-00015-00003198-00003401 in feelings of pleasure happiness and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00016-00003402-00003599 connection receiving pleasure through
0PjnEl3wVoY-00017-00003600-00003863 Active touch and with consent can also
0PjnEl3wVoY-00018-00003864-00004103 activate the social engagement system
0PjnEl3wVoY-00019-00004104-00004301 which is the neural network responsible
0PjnEl3wVoY-00020-00004302-00004493 for our ability to interact with and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00021-00004494-00004727 form relationships with others it is
0PjnEl3wVoY-00022-00004728-00004865 important to remember that receiving
0PjnEl3wVoY-00023-00004866-00005063 pleasure through touch requires active
0PjnEl3wVoY-00024-00005064-00005261 and ongoing consent from all parties
0PjnEl3wVoY-00025-00005262-00005452 involved this means that everyone
0PjnEl3wVoY-00026-00005453-00005651 involved should communicate and respect
0PjnEl3wVoY-00027-00005652-00005867 each other's boundaries and preferences
0PjnEl3wVoY-00028-00005868-00006059 and should feel comfortable and able to
0PjnEl3wVoY-00029-00006060-00006425 say no at any time overall the hands and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00030-00006426-00006610 touch play a significant role in the
0PjnEl3wVoY-00031-00006611-00006814 experience of sensual pleasure and in
0PjnEl3wVoY-00032-00006815-00007048 human communication and bonding they can
0PjnEl3wVoY-00033-00007050-00007163 stimulate the release of
0PjnEl3wVoY-00034-00007164-00007331 neurotransmitters that contribute to
0PjnEl3wVoY-00035-00007331-00007541 feelings of pleasure and connection and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00036-00007542-00007684 are an important part of the social
0PjnEl3wVoY-00037-00007686-00007901 engagement system and non-verbal
0PjnEl3wVoY-00038-00007902-00008134 communication it is important to ensure
0PjnEl3wVoY-00039-00008136-00008321 that touch is received through active
0PjnEl3wVoY-00040-00008322-00008549 consent in order to create healthy and
0PjnEl3wVoY-00041-00008550-00008723 respectful relationships
0PjnEl3wVoY-00042-00008724-00008963 try the foundations of enhanced pleasure
0PjnEl3wVoY-00043-00008964-00009083 online course
0PjnEl3wVoY-00044-00009084-00009368 Merry Christmas
0QMrc1fo-W8-00000-00000192-00000463 11 million russians have direct
0QMrc1fo-W8-00001-00000463-00000663 relatives in ukraine
0QMrc1fo-W8-00002-00000664-00000966 siblings parents children
0QMrc1fo-W8-00003-00000967-00001135 telling their russian relatives on the
0QMrc1fo-W8-00004-00001136-00001366 phone what is happening in ukraine
0QMrc1fo-W8-00005-00001367-00001470 and they
0QMrc1fo-W8-00006-00001471-00001679 don't believe it
0QMrc1fo-W8-00007-00001680-00001807 why
0QMrc1fo-W8-00008-00001807-00001991 the russian disinformation campaign
0QMrc1fo-W8-00009-00001992-00002247 around ukraine started in 2014 in
0QMrc1fo-W8-00010-00002248-00002487 preparation for the destruction of a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00011-00002488-00002663 democratic ukraine
0QMrc1fo-W8-00012-00002664-00002958 and yes for eight years people were
0QMrc1fo-W8-00013-00002959-00003183 practically being brainwashed by russian
0QMrc1fo-W8-00014-00003184-00003303 television
0QMrc1fo-W8-00015-00003304-00003599 but is that enough of an explanation
0QMrc1fo-W8-00016-00003600-00003886 after all how can television be more
0QMrc1fo-W8-00017-00003887-00004127 convincing than your own children your
0QMrc1fo-W8-00018-00004128-00004286 own siblings
0QMrc1fo-W8-00019-00004287-00004535 the answer is psychological
0QMrc1fo-W8-00020-00004536-00004727 they believe the television more because
0QMrc1fo-W8-00021-00004728-00005006 they want to believe the television
0QMrc1fo-W8-00022-00005007-00005351 there is an emotional need to feel right
0QMrc1fo-W8-00023-00005352-00005670 to belong to the good guys to feel great
0QMrc1fo-W8-00024-00005671-00005879 as a nation
0QMrc1fo-W8-00025-00005880-00006127 there are several misconceptions around
0QMrc1fo-W8-00026-00006128-00006311 disinformation and the first
0QMrc1fo-W8-00027-00006312-00006575 misconception is that people are at the
0QMrc1fo-W8-00028-00006576-00006806 mercy of disinformation where it is
0QMrc1fo-W8-00029-00006808-00006927 spread
0QMrc1fo-W8-00030-00006928-00007134 but that is not at all the case
0QMrc1fo-W8-00031-00007136-00007423 there is a second important factor
0QMrc1fo-W8-00032-00007423-00007663 the emotional need to believe that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00033-00007664-00007839 disinformation
0QMrc1fo-W8-00034-00007840-00008006 where people do not have such an
0QMrc1fo-W8-00035-00008008-00008263 emotional need they will bypass
0QMrc1fo-W8-00036-00008264-00008487 manipulative mass media and inform
0QMrc1fo-W8-00037-00008488-00008678 themselves independently
0QMrc1fo-W8-00038-00008679-00008871 we see this in countries where mass
0QMrc1fo-W8-00039-00008872-00009206 media is free and is easily bypassed and
0QMrc1fo-W8-00040-00009207-00009414 ignored to find obscure conspiracy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00041-00009415-00009678 theories somewhere that fit into one's
0QMrc1fo-W8-00042-00009679-00009831 world view
0QMrc1fo-W8-00043-00009832-00010039 people seek out the information they
0QMrc1fo-W8-00044-00010040-00010191 want to believe
0QMrc1fo-W8-00045-00010192-00010478 we can block radical channels
0QMrc1fo-W8-00046-00010479-00010863 we can and must de-platform nazis
0QMrc1fo-W8-00047-00010864-00011151 we can and must fact-check
0QMrc1fo-W8-00048-00011152-00011399 these things are all good and do serve a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00049-00011400-00011503 purpose
0QMrc1fo-W8-00050-00011504-00011791 but they don't change the human need to
0QMrc1fo-W8-00051-00011792-00012055 believe certain lies
0QMrc1fo-W8-00052-00012056-00012295 when the world becomes too complex
0QMrc1fo-W8-00053-00012296-00012463 people want to believe stories that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00054-00012464-00012742 supposedly explain and simplify that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00055-00012743-00012871 complexity
0QMrc1fo-W8-00056-00012872-00013143 stories in which there are the good guys
0QMrc1fo-W8-00057-00013144-00013438 and the bad guys in which you yourself
0QMrc1fo-W8-00058-00013440-00013647 belong to the good guys
0QMrc1fo-W8-00059-00013647-00013863 those who feel no control over a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00060-00013863-00014135 digitalized globalized world want to
0QMrc1fo-W8-00061-00014136-00014415 believe stories that say someone up
0QMrc1fo-W8-00062-00014416-00014638 there is in control
0QMrc1fo-W8-00063-00014640-00014855 this is how anti-semitic conspiracy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00064-00014856-00015063 theories are born
0QMrc1fo-W8-00065-00015063-00015238 we will not be able to counter this
0QMrc1fo-W8-00066-00015240-00015503 phenomenon through pure regulation
0QMrc1fo-W8-00067-00015504-00015719 if we want people to engage with
0QMrc1fo-W8-00068-00015719-00016030 information critically and objectively
0QMrc1fo-W8-00069-00016031-00016263 we need to strengthen something that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00070-00016263-00016639 goes beyond mere media literacy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00071-00016640-00016739 namely
0QMrc1fo-W8-00072-00016740-00016903 self-efficacy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00073-00016904-00017163 the feeling of being a responsible
0QMrc1fo-W8-00074-00017164-00017567 indispensable part of society ourselves
0QMrc1fo-W8-00075-00017568-00017911 not simply a victim or a consumer but a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00076-00017912-00018191 creator of one's society
0QMrc1fo-W8-00077-00018192-00018455 this means strengthening democracy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00078-00018456-00018583 education
0QMrc1fo-W8-00079-00018584-00018879 local structures and community support
0QMrc1fo-W8-00080-00018880-00019207 social programs and welfare as well as
0QMrc1fo-W8-00081-00019208-00019391 participation
0QMrc1fo-W8-00082-00019392-00019591 these things are not luxury when it
0QMrc1fo-W8-00083-00019592-00019799 comes to building resilient democratic
0QMrc1fo-W8-00084-00019800-00020191 societies these are the very basics
0QMrc1fo-W8-00085-00020192-00020422 the second misconception is that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00086-00020423-00020686 disinformation is aimed at convincing
0QMrc1fo-W8-00087-00020687-00020935 people that something is true
0QMrc1fo-W8-00088-00020936-00021158 many people seem confused that so much
0QMrc1fo-W8-00089-00021159-00021375 of russian disinformation seems
0QMrc1fo-W8-00090-00021376-00021607 outrageously unbelievable
0QMrc1fo-W8-00091-00021608-00021807 are we really supposed to believe that
0QMrc1fo-W8-00092-00021808-00022086 ukraine was building nuclear weapons
0QMrc1fo-W8-00093-00022087-00022294 no we are not
0QMrc1fo-W8-00094-00022295-00022630 when in 2017 donald trump first lied
0QMrc1fo-W8-00095-00022631-00022927 about the size of his inauguration crowd
0QMrc1fo-W8-00096-00022928-00023191 an event that we all have seen with our
0QMrc1fo-W8-00097-00023192-00023407 very own eyes
0QMrc1fo-W8-00098-00023408-00023655 journalists were baffled what he was
0QMrc1fo-W8-00099-00023656-00023855 trying to accomplish
0QMrc1fo-W8-00100-00023856-00024063 back then i wrote an editorial piece
0QMrc1fo-W8-00101-00024064-00024327 about how that reminded me of a typical
0QMrc1fo-W8-00102-00024328-00024622 propaganda move from the kgb playbook
0QMrc1fo-W8-00103-00024623-00024847 steve bannon coined this move flooding
0QMrc1fo-W8-00104-00024848-00025022 the zone with
0QMrc1fo-W8-00105-00025023-00025283 the strategy is to tell so many
0QMrc1fo-W8-00106-00025284-00025743 different lies so loudly that truth is
0QMrc1fo-W8-00107-00025744-00026070 lost i called it the sky is green
0QMrc1fo-W8-00108-00026072-00026199 how does it work
0QMrc1fo-W8-00109-00026200-00026302 i say
0QMrc1fo-W8-00110-00026304-00026479 the sky is green
0QMrc1fo-W8-00111-00026480-00026758 you look up confirm and confusedly
0QMrc1fo-W8-00112-00026760-00027070 correct me um no the sky is blue i
0QMrc1fo-W8-00113-00027072-00027318 differ the sky is green you fact check
0QMrc1fo-W8-00114-00027319-00027502 that present me with photos and a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00115-00027504-00027743 spectrum analysis insisting the sky is
0QMrc1fo-W8-00116-00027744-00027839 blue
0QMrc1fo-W8-00117-00027839-00028070 i calmly stayed
0QMrc1fo-W8-00118-00028072-00028383 the sky is green you get irritated and
0QMrc1fo-W8-00119-00028383-00028670 shout it just blew you
0QMrc1fo-W8-00120-00028672-00028918 now i respond they're there no need to
0QMrc1fo-W8-00121-00028919-00029158 be uncivil about this you think it's
0QMrc1fo-W8-00122-00029160-00029407 blue i think it's green we are both
0QMrc1fo-W8-00123-00029408-00029735 entitled to our own opinion i guess
0QMrc1fo-W8-00124-00029736-00029935 we have no way of knowing which color
0QMrc1fo-W8-00125-00029936-00030095 the sky has
0QMrc1fo-W8-00126-00030095-00030367 and that is the point
0QMrc1fo-W8-00127-00030368-00030623 not convincing you that the sky is green
0QMrc1fo-W8-00128-00030624-00030879 but convincing you that the truth if
0QMrc1fo-W8-00129-00030880-00031167 there is any is unknowable
0QMrc1fo-W8-00130-00031168-00031439 now if the truth is unknowable we as a
0QMrc1fo-W8-00131-00031439-00031687 democratic society have hardly anything
0QMrc1fo-W8-00132-00031688-00031990 to talk about we can't organize we can't
0QMrc1fo-W8-00133-00031991-00032239 make decisions there is no objective
0QMrc1fo-W8-00134-00032239-00032511 truth that functions as a cohesive
0QMrc1fo-W8-00135-00032512-00032807 we need an authority to decide
0QMrc1fo-W8-00136-00032808-00033087 what is true and what is to do about it
0QMrc1fo-W8-00137-00033088-00033311 a strong man if you will
0QMrc1fo-W8-00138-00033312-00033535 if you want to build an authoritarian
0QMrc1fo-W8-00139-00033536-00033639 state
0QMrc1fo-W8-00140-00033640-00033879 first destroy the truth
0QMrc1fo-W8-00141-00033880-00034159 and all who help communicate it
0QMrc1fo-W8-00142-00034160-00034407 beside climate change one of the main
0QMrc1fo-W8-00143-00034408-00034615 challenges of these following years will
0QMrc1fo-W8-00144-00034616-00034831 be the fight against international
0QMrc1fo-W8-00145-00034832-00035087 authoritarianism and fascism
0QMrc1fo-W8-00146-00035088-00035335 we see these movements utilizing both
0QMrc1fo-W8-00147-00035336-00035567 the internet and classical media to
0QMrc1fo-W8-00148-00035568-00035790 flood the zone with
0QMrc1fo-W8-00149-00035791-00035990 for many years now we have tried to
0QMrc1fo-W8-00150-00035991-00036230 counter the fire hose of falsehoods from
0QMrc1fo-W8-00151-00036231-00036471 squared guns of fact checking
0QMrc1fo-W8-00152-00036472-00036751 always reacting always in the defense
0QMrc1fo-W8-00153-00036752-00036990 it never really worked
0QMrc1fo-W8-00154-00036991-00037174 but there has been one moment that gave
0QMrc1fo-W8-00155-00037175-00037407 me a glimmer of hope it was when russia
0QMrc1fo-W8-00156-00037408-00037607 had amassed its army at the ukrainian
0QMrc1fo-W8-00157-00037608-00037887 border and u.s security services started
0QMrc1fo-W8-00158-00037888-00038174 to preemptively sharing information
0QMrc1fo-W8-00159-00038175-00038439 they are going to attack
0QMrc1fo-W8-00160-00038440-00038751 what that did is it created a raincoat
0QMrc1fo-W8-00161-00038752-00039046 of expectation against the fire hose of
0QMrc1fo-W8-00162-00039047-00039167 falsehoods
0QMrc1fo-W8-00163-00039168-00039455 the narrative had been set so when
0QMrc1fo-W8-00164-00039456-00039735 russia did invade there was hardly any
0QMrc1fo-W8-00165-00039736-00040071 of the usual confusedness and disbelief
0QMrc1fo-W8-00166-00040072-00040159 this
0QMrc1fo-W8-00167-00040160-00040462 to me seems to be the best strategy
0QMrc1fo-W8-00168-00040463-00040743 communicate early communicate
0QMrc1fo-W8-00169-00040744-00041087 transparently communicate boldly and
0QMrc1fo-W8-00170-00041088-00041271 clearly
0QMrc1fo-W8-00171-00041272-00041471 i believe in truth
0QMrc1fo-W8-00172-00041472-00041599 even now
0QMrc1fo-W8-00173-00041600-00041855 but building a society that has freedom
0QMrc1fo-W8-00174-00041856-00042230 of speech that is open and democratic
0QMrc1fo-W8-00175-00042231-00042567 and solidarity and honest with itself
0QMrc1fo-W8-00176-00042568-00042743 takes work
0QMrc1fo-W8-00177-00042744-00043236 that is the work we need to invest
0SWMaB-WbNY-00000-00000512-00000815 part but before we go to the second part
0SWMaB-WbNY-00001-00000816-00000991 we're gonna have our
0SWMaB-WbNY-00002-00000992-00001239 ignite karaoke let's see how it works
0SWMaB-WbNY-00003-00001240-00001407 this is a this is the first time you are
0SWMaB-WbNY-00004-00001408-00001726 doing it these unfortunate guy people
0SWMaB-WbNY-00005-00001727-00001839 behind me
0SWMaB-WbNY-00006-00001839-00002087 he never seen the slides before
0SWMaB-WbNY-00007-00002088-00002334 so let's see how it works so please
0SWMaB-WbNY-00008-00002335-00002615 if you could find your place
0SWMaB-WbNY-00009-00002616-00002791 if you could find your place and we
0SWMaB-WbNY-00010-00002792-00004283 gonna start in
0SWMaB-WbNY-00011-00004284-00004702 so okay so now everybody is relaxed
0SWMaB-WbNY-00012-00004703-00005015 let's welcome our five
0SWMaB-WbNY-00013-00005016-00005254 happy contestants to see
0SWMaB-WbNY-00014-00005255-00005335 who
0SWMaB-WbNY-00015-00005336-00005702 makes the best one minute ignite tour so
0SWMaB-WbNY-00016-00005703-00006878 here we go
0SWMaB-WbNY-00017-00006879-00007070 my name is susan and i work for the
0SWMaB-WbNY-00018-00007072-00007342 european union in paris
0SWMaB-WbNY-00019-00007343-00007534 and this is what we have
0SWMaB-WbNY-00020-00007536-00007742 the solution that we have made for the
0SWMaB-WbNY-00021-00007743-00007910 last week
0SWMaB-WbNY-00022-00007911-00008055 and
0SWMaB-WbNY-00023-00008056-00008319 i really want you to know that don't
0SWMaB-WbNY-00024-00008320-00008663 doubt never doubt about the complete
0SWMaB-WbNY-00025-00008664-00008887 because we have so many things that we
0SWMaB-WbNY-00026-00008888-00009246 are so good at everywhere in europe i'm
0SWMaB-WbNY-00027-00009247-00011063 so proud to be in europe
0SWMaB-WbNY-00028-00011064-00011559 we know what we are doing
0SWMaB-WbNY-00029-00011560-00011942 just take it easy and be happy happy
0SWMaB-WbNY-00030-00011943-00012223 happy happy happy
0SWMaB-WbNY-00031-00012224-00012423 right no problem
0SWMaB-WbNY-00032-00012424-00012670 trust me
0SWMaB-WbNY-00033-00012671-00012974 and
0SWMaB-WbNY-00034-00012975-00013215 okay so some people in thailand love
0SWMaB-WbNY-00035-00013216-00013471 bicycle and then they are born
0SWMaB-WbNY-00036-00013472-00013694 they prefer a lot of babies too and the
0SWMaB-WbNY-00037-00013695-00013966 babies love to the right bicycles yeah
0SWMaB-WbNY-00038-00013968-00014375 and oh what's that what's your name
0SWMaB-WbNY-00039-00014376-00014583 because a lot of thai people all the
0SWMaB-WbNY-00040-00014584-00014783 time people give birth a lot of babies
0SWMaB-WbNY-00041-00014784-00014911 so
0SWMaB-WbNY-00042-00014912-00015151 oh all the time people like yeah they
0SWMaB-WbNY-00043-00015152-00015375 have like very good self actual
0SWMaB-WbNY-00044-00015376-00015630 actualization still actually what's that
0SWMaB-WbNY-00045-00015631-00015855 it's almost christmas so happy christmas
0SWMaB-WbNY-00046-00015856-00016143 to you guys
0SWMaB-WbNY-00047-00016144-00016343 yeah everyone else
0SWMaB-WbNY-00048-00016344-00016679 jingle bells
0SWMaB-WbNY-00049-00016680-00016847 yeah yeah i don't know
0SWMaB-WbNY-00050-00016848-00019703 you're doing great
0SWMaB-WbNY-00051-00019704-00020135 um so what are we gonna do after i did
0SWMaB-WbNY-00052-00020136-00020399 baggage all right so
0SWMaB-WbNY-00053-00020400-00020703 this is the baggage of two um very happy
0SWMaB-WbNY-00054-00020704-00021078 christmas
0SWMaB-WbNY-00055-00021079-00021655 okay
0SWMaB-WbNY-00056-00021656-00022135 okay so this is the um a stage
0SWMaB-WbNY-00057-00022136-00022335 i think i personally think it looks like
0SWMaB-WbNY-00058-00022336-00023527 a turtle and
0SWMaB-WbNY-00059-00023528-00023703 okay so um
0SWMaB-WbNY-00060-00023704-00024167 after this
0SWMaB-WbNY-00061-00024168-00024303 i don't think i'm very funny to talk
0SWMaB-WbNY-00062-00024304-00024758 about this um
0SWMaB-WbNY-00063-00024759-00024863 okay
0SWMaB-WbNY-00064-00024864-00025119 you did great uh
0SWMaB-WbNY-00065-00025120-00025319 yeah i was drafted at this so i'm here
0SWMaB-WbNY-00066-00025320-00025463 to talk about how to select a lottery
0SWMaB-WbNY-00067-00025464-00025631 number now
0SWMaB-WbNY-00068-00025632-00025799 you know i hear lots of people tell me
0SWMaB-WbNY-00069-00025800-00025943 things you know my buddy andrew is like
0SWMaB-WbNY-00070-00025944-00026055 here's how you pick a lottery number
0SWMaB-WbNY-00071-00026056-00026206 this is the way you got to do it like
0SWMaB-WbNY-00072-00026207-00026423 you're totally off now there's pros and
0SWMaB-WbNY-00073-00026424-00026631 cons to using andrew's method which is
0SWMaB-WbNY-00074-00026632-00026823 basically pulling crap out of the air
0SWMaB-WbNY-00075-00026824-00027023 now the pros is when andrew designs his
0SWMaB-WbNY-00076-00027024-00027214 lottery picking system he uses very
0SWMaB-WbNY-00077-00027216-00027390 effective design i don't think that's
0SWMaB-WbNY-00078-00027391-00027574 necessary at all when you're picking a
0SWMaB-WbNY-00079-00027575-00027743 lottery number it's best to just
0SWMaB-WbNY-00080-00027744-00028399 randomly
0SWMaB-WbNY-00081-00028400-00028687 yeah i do you have a math degree i spent
0SWMaB-WbNY-00082-00028688-00028967 um at least 10 minutes on this formula
0SWMaB-WbNY-00083-00028968-00029102 and i know
0SWMaB-WbNY-00084-00029104-00029343 i'm stupid
0SWMaB-WbNY-00085-00029344-00029607 so i've dumped it down a little don't go
0SWMaB-WbNY-00086-00029608-00029807 crazy the last point
0SWMaB-WbNY-00087-00029808-00029990 the last group i showed the formula to
0SWMaB-WbNY-00088-00029991-00030223 freaking berserk so everyone settle down
0SWMaB-WbNY-00089-00030224-00030479 but you can you can use that formula
0SWMaB-WbNY-00090-00030480-00030646 everything will be cool and then you can
0SWMaB-WbNY-00091-00030647-00030799 win the powerball next time it comes
0SWMaB-WbNY-00092-00030800-00031239 around and once
0SWMaB-WbNY-00093-00031239-00031423 you'll have all that money in your
0SWMaB-WbNY-00094-00031424-00031623 pocket everybody will be your best
0SWMaB-WbNY-00095-00031624-00031783 friend talking about liking everybody
0SWMaB-WbNY-00096-00031783-00031983 you're watching your post and life will
0SWMaB-WbNY-00097-00031983-00032983 be good here you are
0SWMaB-WbNY-00098-00032984-00033118 i really don't know what's that but i
0SWMaB-WbNY-00099-00033119-00033311 hope this one is a kind of applied for
0SWMaB-WbNY-00100-00033312-00033511 showing the taiwanese
0SWMaB-WbNY-00101-00033512-00035151 job opportunity now and there's
0SWMaB-WbNY-00102-00035152-00035407 oh this one is good
0SWMaB-WbNY-00103-00035408-00035631 mistake to avoid
0SWMaB-WbNY-00104-00035632-00035807 well everybody makes a mistake every day
0SWMaB-WbNY-00105-00035808-00036031 so this one's good it's too much
0SWMaB-WbNY-00106-00036032-00036174 information
0SWMaB-WbNY-00107-00036175-00036462 not enough there's no black ops
0SWMaB-WbNY-00108-00036463-00037502 okay everybody make mistake is good
0SWMaB-WbNY-00109-00037503-00037759 thanks everyone for participating i hope
0SWMaB-WbNY-00110-00037760-00037879 you had fun
0SWMaB-WbNY-00111-00037880-00038127 that wasn't very serious was it
0SWMaB-WbNY-00112-00038128-00038343 did you like it yes
0SWMaB-WbNY-00113-00038344-00038671 should we do it again next time yeah
0SWMaB-WbNY-00114-00038672-00038823 that was the recording
0SWMaB-WbNY-00115-00038824-00039007 thanks for tuning in we're gonna have
0SWMaB-WbNY-00116-00039008-00039167 you back next time you can be a speaker
0SWMaB-WbNY-00117-00039168-00039318 thank you
0SWMaB-WbNY-00118-00039319-00039544 okay
0U4WdvA_z8E-00000-00000185-00000457 describe liquefied natural gas natural
0U4WdvA_z8E-00001-00000458-00000799 gas can be liquefied and and converted
0U4WdvA_z8E-00002-00000800-00001135 into LNG or liquefied natural gas
0U4WdvA_z8E-00003-00001136-00001339 it's supercooled at that point it can be
0U4WdvA_z8E-00004-00001340-00001507 put on a tanker and it can actually be
0U4WdvA_z8E-00005-00001508-00001701 moved at a great distance so you can
0U4WdvA_z8E-00006-00001702-00001942 find a market for natural gas that in
0U4WdvA_z8E-00007-00001943-00002277 the past had to be connected by pipeline
0U4WdvA_z8E-00008-00002278-00002577 now can be moved by a ship to a very
0U4WdvA_z8E-00009-00002578-00002809 different different and distant location
0U4WdvA_z8E-00010-00002810-00003052 and we're finding now in the US where we
0U4WdvA_z8E-00011-00003053-00003345 did not have export capacity in the past
0U4WdvA_z8E-00012-00003346-00003573 and there even the recent past that we
0U4WdvA_z8E-00013-00003574-00003831 now have increasing amounts of capacity
0U4WdvA_z8E-00014-00003832-00004141 to export natural gas and in fact the US
0U4WdvA_z8E-00015-00004142-00004416 has now become a net exporter of natural
0U4WdvA_z8E-00016-00004417-00004947 gas as of the late part of 2017 now most
0U4WdvA_z8E-00017-00004948-00005250 of that is moving by ship with some of
0U4WdvA_z8E-00018-00005251-00005395 these new terminals one on the East
0U4WdvA_z8E-00019-00005396-00005566 Coast for instance at code point and
0U4WdvA_z8E-00020-00005567-00005770 most of those down in the in the Gulf
0U4WdvA_z8E-00021-00005771-00006087 Coast some of that is moving very great
0U4WdvA_z8E-00022-00006088-00006363 distances meaning it's moving to Europe
0U4WdvA_z8E-00023-00006364-00006580 some of its moving to Asia quite a bit
0U4WdvA_z8E-00024-00006581-00006748 of it's moving to South America and
0U4WdvA_z8E-00025-00006748-00006976 other amounts are just moving at other
0U4WdvA_z8E-00026-00006977-00007206 parts up and down the coast for instance
0U4WdvA_z8E-00027-00007207-00007408 some goes into the Boston market would
0U4WdvA_z8E-00028-00007409-00007513 be a good example
0U4WdvA_z8E-00029-00007514-00007824 so liquefied natural gas is becoming a
0U4WdvA_z8E-00030-00007825-00008121 big part of the natural gas story and
0U4WdvA_z8E-00031-00008122-00008362 certainly the shale story over the
0U4WdvA_z8E-00032-00008363-00008610 course of time and will continue to be
0U4WdvA_z8E-00033-00008611-00008980 the u.s. was a very very small producer
0U4WdvA_z8E-00034-00008981-00009252 of any liquefied natural gas in the past
0U4WdvA_z8E-00035-00009253-00009459 and very shortly will be the number
0U4WdvA_z8E-00036-00009460-00009649 three producer in the world there the
0U4WdvA_z8E-00037-00009650-00009880 expectation is by 2020 that would be the
0U4WdvA_z8E-00038-00009881-00010102 case
0W_O1unT5JM-00001-00019684-00021135 foreign
0W_O1unT5JM-00002-00021136-00021384 foreign
0YjDXPv94bM-00000-00000000-00000087 [Music]
0YjDXPv94bM-00001-00000088-00000471 violence violence violence
0YjDXPv94bM-00002-00000472-00000686 i don't like it
0YjDXPv94bM-00003-00000687-00000943 i avoid
0YjDXPv94bM-00004-00000944-00001087 but
0YjDXPv94bM-00005-00001088-00001454 violence likes me
0YjDXPv94bM-00006-00001455-00001792 i can't avoid
0YNpGTCriCu-00000-00000000-00000233 we are a nation that has lost its
0YNpGTCriCu-00001-00000234-00000324 confidence
0YNpGTCriCu-00002-00000325-00000755 its willpower and its strength we are a
0YNpGTCriCu-00003-00000756-00001157 nation that has lost its way but we are
0YNpGTCriCu-00004-00001158-00001361 not going to allow this horror to
0YNpGTCriCu-00005-00001362-00001511 continue
0YNpGTCriCu-00006-00001512-00001847 two years ago we were a great nation and
0YNpGTCriCu-00007-00001848-00002502 we will soon be a great nation again
0YNpGTCriCu-00008-00002503-00002908 [Applause]
0YNpGTCriCu-00009-00002909-00003173 the hard-working Patriots like you who
0YNpGTCriCu-00010-00003174-00003406 built this country and is the
0YNpGTCriCu-00011-00003407-00003713 hard-working Patriots like you who are
0YNpGTCriCu-00012-00003714-00004109 going to save our country we will stand
0YNpGTCriCu-00013-00004110-00004469 up to the radical left Democrats and the
0YNpGTCriCu-00014-00004470-00004835 dangerous and unpatriotic rhinos and we
0YNpGTCriCu-00015-00004836-00005188 will fight for America like no one has
0YNpGTCriCu-00016-00005189-00005431 ever fought before
0YNpGTCriCu-00017-00005432-00005735 there is no mountain we cannot climb
0YNpGTCriCu-00018-00005736-00006004 there is no Summit we cannot reach there
0YNpGTCriCu-00019-00006005-00006281 is no challenge we cannot meet there is
0YNpGTCriCu-00020-00006282-00006541 no Victory we cannot have
0YNpGTCriCu-00021-00006542-00006869 we will not Bend we will not break we
0YNpGTCriCu-00022-00006870-00007187 will not yield we will never give in we
0YNpGTCriCu-00023-00007188-00007420 will never give up and we will never
0YNpGTCriCu-00024-00007422-00007753 ever ever ever back down
0YNpGTCriCu-00025-00007754-00008087 as long as we are confident United and
0YNpGTCriCu-00026-00008088-00008255 loyal to the cause
0YNpGTCriCu-00027-00008256-00008531 the tyrants we are fighting do not stand
0YNpGTCriCu-00028-00008532-00008723 even a chance
0YNpGTCriCu-00029-00008724-00009010 because we are Americans and Americans
0YNpGTCriCu-00030-00009011-00009597 kneel to God and to God Alone
0YNpGTCriCu-00031-00009598-00009699 [Applause]
0YNpGTCriCu-00032-00009700-00009787 [Music]
0YNpGTCriCu-00033-00009788-00010360 [Applause]
0YNpGTCriCu-00034-00010361-00010637 the silent majority is back
0YNpGTCriCu-00035-00010638-00010985 and stronger than ever before
0YNpGTCriCu-00036-00010986-00011213 my fellow citizens this incredible
0YNpGTCriCu-00037-00011214-00011537 journey we are on together has only just
0YNpGTCriCu-00038-00011538-00011651 begun
0YNpGTCriCu-00039-00011652-00011945 and it is time to start talking about
0YNpGTCriCu-00040-00011946-00012328 greatness for our country again we are
0YNpGTCriCu-00041-00012329-00012605 one movement one people one family and
0YNpGTCriCu-00042-00012606-00012916 one glorious nation under God
0YNpGTCriCu-00043-00012917-00013138 with the help of everyone here today and
0YNpGTCriCu-00044-00013140-00013572 the citizens all across our land we will
0YNpGTCriCu-00045-00013573-00013961 make America powerful again
0YNpGTCriCu-00046-00013962-00014353 it will make America wealthy again
0YNpGTCriCu-00047-00014354-00014869 we will make America strong again
0YNpGTCriCu-00048-00014869-00015349 we will make America proud again
0YNpGTCriCu-00049-00015350-00015988 we will make America safe again and we
0YNpGTCriCu-00050-00015990-00016457 will make America great again thank you
0YNpGTCriCu-00051-00016458-00016685 everybody God bless you God bless you
0YNpGTCriCu-00052-00016686-00016934 thank you
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00000-00000008-00000254 what is the use of a school bus as the
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00001-00000256-00000359 name suggests
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00002-00000360-00000534 a school bus is for transporting
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00003-00000535-00000695 students to and from the school but
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00004-00000696-00000854 they can be used by colleges and
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00005-00000855-00001023 universities too
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00006-00001024-00001174 they are identified by their yellow
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00007-00001175-00001335 color and huge wheels which lift the
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00008-00001336-00001543 body high above the ground
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00009-00001544-00001702 students get picked up at a specific
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00010-00001703-00001967 time and get dropped back home on time
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00011-00001968-00002142 without school buses parents would be
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00012-00002143-00002342 forced to dress up along with their kids
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00013-00002343-00002510 have breakfast and attend the school at
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00014-00002511-00002655 least to its gates
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00015-00002656-00002887 for a few hundred dollar in fees parents
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00016-00002888-00003158 get to save thousands of hours annually
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00017-00003159-00003303 parents don't need to worry about the
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00018-00003304-00003479 safety of their kids because they are in
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00019-00003479-00003654 safe hands of the staff members of their
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00020-00003655-00003790 respective schools
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00021-00003792-00003943 this gives them a sense of peace and
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00022-00003944-00004103 confidence that their child is well
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00023-00004104-00004215 cared
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00024-00004216-00004359 students get a chance to make new
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00025-00004360-00004527 friends beyond their classroom
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00026-00004528-00004686 meet seniors and other teachers which
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00027-00004687-00004870 otherwise might be impossible
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00028-00004871-00005031 they learn to be punctual because the
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00029-00005032-00005254 bus always arrives on time every day
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00030-00005255-00005438 they even get to manage their personal
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00031-00005439-00005559 stuff like bags
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00032-00005560-00005854 water bottles etc these buses also help
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00033-00005855-00006031 keep the environment clean by taking
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00034-00006032-00006238 hundreds of vehicles off the roads
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00035-00006239-00006399 without them hundreds of parents would
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00036-00006400-00006567 have to turn their cars on to pick up
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00037-00006568-00006775 and drop their children twice a day
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00038-00006776-00006967 imagine the extent of traffic congestion
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00039-00006968-00007087 this would cause
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00040-00007088-00007270 and the corresponding emission of carbon
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00041-00007272-00007478 and nitrogen dioxides in the atmosphere
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00042-00007479-00007614 from each vehicle
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00043-00007615-00007791 school buses are yellow in color but
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00044-00007792-00007998 they are green for the environment
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00045-00008000-00008207 when they are listed for resale these
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00046-00008208-00008359 vehicles are preferred choice for
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00047-00008360-00008551 recreational purposes because they sell
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00048-00008552-00008727 cheaper compared to other buses and have
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00049-00008728-00008910 a very big passenger cabin which can
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00050-00008911-00009071 accommodate almost anything to live
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00051-00009072-00009287 comfortably on long vacations across the
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00052-00009288-00009431 countryside
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00053-00009432-00009614 some of the frequently used equipment by
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00054-00009615-00009839 rv enthusiasts are refrigerators
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00055-00009840-00010183 water tanks microwave bed cabinets
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00056-00010184-00010487 kitchen air conditioner tables chairs
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00057-00010488-00010710 and much more other buses might get
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00058-00010711-00010855 overloaded with these equipment and
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00059-00010856-00011006 cause overloading issues which is
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00060-00011007-00011174 dangerous for the vehicle
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00061-00011175-00011374 but due to its large size school buses
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00062-00011375-00011527 can take in everything and still have a
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00063-00011528-00011814 lot of space to comfortably walk around
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00064-00011815-00012023 major vehicle exchange is a used shuttle
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00065-00012024-00012183 bus dealership that has been selling its
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00066-00012184-00012399 mini and medium-sized buses to clients
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00067-00012400-00012567 across the united states for more than
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00068-00012568-00012703 30 years
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00069-00012704-00012910 for more information visit major vehicle
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00070-00012911-00013255 exchange at www.getanybus.com and call
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00071-00013256-00013635 the owner charles kaufman at
0ZeDbhAtGKo-00072-00013636-00014047 516-333-7483 today
0flv8cjMjC4-00000-00000156-00000688 [Music]
0flv8cjMjC4-00001-00000689-00001061 plastic debris in the sea is more than
0flv8cjMjC4-00002-00001062-00001277 just an unsightly problem and the
0flv8cjMjC4-00003-00001278-00001493 concern is not so much discarded bobbing
0flv8cjMjC4-00004-00001494-00001784 bottles as tiny micro plastic particles
0flv8cjMjC4-00005-00001785-00002120 raising questions about cancer what oh
0flv8cjMjC4-00006-00002121-00002357 wait what does plastic have to do with
0flv8cjMjC4-00007-00002358-00002657 cancer well back in the 1950s
0flv8cjMjC4-00008-00002658-00002822 researchers had observed that when they
0flv8cjMjC4-00009-00002823-00003038 wrapped the kidneys of rats with
0flv8cjMjC4-00010-00003039-00003259 cellophane to cause high blood pressure
0flv8cjMjC4-00011-00003260-00003529 they ended up inadvertently causing
0flv8cjMjC4-00012-00003530-00003781 cancer cancers had started growing
0flv8cjMjC4-00013-00003782-00003986 around the cellophane so they tried
0flv8cjMjC4-00014-00003986-00004141 slipping all sorts of different plastics
0flv8cjMjC4-00015-00004142-00004279 under the skin of rodents and they all
0flv8cjMjC4-00016-00004280-00004495 could produce malignant tumors and then
0flv8cjMjC4-00017-00004496-00004727 if you feed rats some plastic microbeads
0flv8cjMjC4-00018-00004728-00004894 up to six percent of the particles end
0flv8cjMjC4-00019-00004895-00005086 up in their bloodstream within 15
0flv8cjMjC4-00020-00005087-00005506 minutes so could all this microplastics
0flv8cjMjC4-00021-00005507-00005653 pollution be one of the reasons we're
0flv8cjMjC4-00022-00005654-00005809 seeing an increased number of tumors
0flv8cjMjC4-00023-00005810-00006191 found in wildlife perhaps the global
0flv8cjMjC4-00024-00006192-00006406 increase in wildlife cancer should be
0flv8cjMjC4-00025-00006408-00006791 like a wake-up call now we don't know if
0flv8cjMjC4-00026-00006792-00007024 it's the plastic itself or some of the
0flv8cjMjC4-00027-00007025-00007228 chemical additives like BPA that are to
0flv8cjMjC4-00028-00007229-00007453 blame maybe just a plastic particle
0flv8cjMjC4-00029-00007454-00007670 stuck in your body causes some sort of
0flv8cjMjC4-00030-00007670-00007844 mechanical irritation beyond the
0flv8cjMjC4-00031-00007845-00008020 chemical impact of the plastics is in
0flv8cjMjC4-00032-00008021-00008317 carriers of possible carcinogens some
0flv8cjMjC4-00033-00008318-00008524 plastics may be cancer-causing in and of
0flv8cjMjC4-00034-00008525-00008785 themselves but all plastics readily
0flv8cjMjC4-00035-00008786-00009005 accumulate harmful chemicals such as
0flv8cjMjC4-00036-00009006-00009305 persistent pesticides like DDT and PCBs
0flv8cjMjC4-00037-00009306-00009445 flame-retardant chemicals
0flv8cjMjC4-00038-00009446-00009610 increasing their concentrations by
0flv8cjMjC4-00039-00009611-00009928 orders of magnitude this process is then
0flv8cjMjC4-00040-00009929-00010181 reversible with microplastics releasing
0flv8cjMjC4-00041-00010182-00010477 contaminants upon ingestion so plastic
0flv8cjMjC4-00042-00010478-00010766 debris may act as a vector transferring
0flv8cjMjC4-00043-00010767-00010939 persistent bioaccumulative and toxic
0flv8cjMjC4-00044-00010940-00011224 substances from the water to the food
0flv8cjMjC4-00045-00011225-00011495 and plastics are known to concentrate
0flv8cjMjC4-00046-00011496-00011702 pollution from water by factors of up to
0flv8cjMjC4-00047-00011703-00012059 a million times for example for PCBs in
0flv8cjMjC4-00048-00012060-00012145 fact that's one of the ways
0flv8cjMjC4-00049-00012146-00012346 environmental scientists sample for
0flv8cjMjC4-00050-00012347-00012509 contaminant levels they use plastic does
0flv8cjMjC4-00051-00012510-00012781 sponge up the pollutants the concern
0flv8cjMjC4-00052-00012782-00012944 then is that the plastic takes up all
0flv8cjMjC4-00053-00012944-00013274 these toxins and then goes deposits them
0flv8cjMjC4-00054-00013275-00013425 into the aquatic
0flv8cjMjC4-00055-00013426-00013647 food chain where they can climb up the
0flv8cjMjC4-00056-00013647-00013822 food chain and ultimately into humans
0flv8cjMjC4-00057-00013823-00014261 but this was all just theoretical until
0flv8cjMjC4-00058-00014262-00014646 now chemical pollutants glommed onto
0flv8cjMjC4-00059-00014647-00014835 ingested microbeads from personal care
0flv8cjMjC4-00060-00014836-00015063 products do indeed accumulate in fish
0flv8cjMjC4-00061-00015063-00015300 the longer you feed polluted microbeads
0flv8cjMjC4-00062-00015301-00015444 to fish the higher the levels of fish
0flv8cjMjC4-00063-00015444-00015719 flesh contamination so you can see how a
0flv8cjMjC4-00064-00015720-00015914 pollutant levels can then concentrate up
0flv8cjMjC4-00065-00015915-00016136 the food chain with maximum exposure in
0flv8cjMjC4-00066-00016137-00016439 the apex predators like killer whales or
0flv8cjMjC4-00067-00016440-00016736 people right and the herring can eat a
0flv8cjMjC4-00068-00016737-00016986 bunch of brine shrimp Cod eats a bunch
0flv8cjMjC4-00069-00016987-00017205 of herring then halibut or tuna eat a
0flv8cjMjC4-00070-00017206-00017450 bunch of cod and then we can scoop it
0flv8cjMjC4-00071-00017451-00017811 all up in the end so we know ingested
0flv8cjMjC4-00072-00017812-00018021 plastic can transfer hazardous chemicals
0flv8cjMjC4-00073-00018022-00018222 to fish which can then accumulate and
0flv8cjMjC4-00074-00018223-00018389 cause liver toxicity and pathology in
0flv8cjMjC4-00075-00018390-00018737 the fish but what about in people well
0flv8cjMjC4-00076-00018738-00018950 we know that in the u.s. of all food
0flv8cjMjC4-00077-00018951-00019172 categories fish has the highest levels
0flv8cjMjC4-00078-00019173-00019430 of PCBs dioxins are the pollutants but
0flv8cjMjC4-00079-00019431-00019637 we don't really eat a lot of fish in
0flv8cjMjC4-00080-00019638-00019861 this country so is it really a problem
0flv8cjMjC4-00081-00019862-00020115 well it's hard to come up with a
0flv8cjMjC4-00082-00020116-00020330 tolerable daily intake of these kinds of
0flv8cjMjC4-00083-00020331-00020478 chemicals but the World Health
0flv8cjMjC4-00084-00020479-00020646 Organization recommends staying under
0flv8cjMjC4-00085-00020647-00020900 like one to four units a day and
0flv8cjMjC4-00086-00020901-00021065 measured in pika grams of toxic
0flv8cjMjC4-00087-00021066-00021308 equivalents the European Union came up
0flv8cjMjC4-00088-00021309-00021468 with a smaller number like no more than
0flv8cjMjC4-00089-00021469-00021690 two a day on average and the US were
0flv8cjMjC4-00090-00021691-00022022 already past that so there is some
0flv8cjMjC4-00091-00022023-00022268 concern for toxicity from PCBs given the
0flv8cjMjC4-00092-00022269-00022475 current levels of PCBs and plastic
0flv8cjMjC4-00093-00022476-00022703 debris polluting the ocean so there's no
0flv8cjMjC4-00094-00022704-00023040 room for additional PCB body burden so
0flv8cjMjC4-00095-00023041-00023397 what can we do about it well we can
0flv8cjMjC4-00096-00023398-00023672 practice the 3 R's reduce reuse and
0flv8cjMjC4-00097-00023673-00023850 recycle plastic items for example
0flv8cjMjC4-00098-00023851-00024171 shopping with reusable tote bags on a
0flv8cjMjC4-00099-00024172-00024437 policy level we could ban the use of
0flv8cjMjC4-00100-00024438-00024627 plastic microbeads and cosmetics and
0flv8cjMjC4-00101-00024628-00024875 personal care products so ideally all
0flv8cjMjC4-00102-00024876-00025121 countries would do it together since in
0flv8cjMjC4-00103-00025122-00025368 plastic debris dropped anywhere on earth
0flv8cjMjC4-00104-00025369-00025575 may end up being transported to the
0flv8cjMjC4-00105-00025576-00025850 ocean work and travel around the world
0flv8cjMjC4-00106-00025851-00026090 so whatever strategies are adopted
0flv8cjMjC4-00107-00026091-00026237 international cooperation will be
0flv8cjMjC4-00108-00026238-00026433 critical in limiting the risk to the
0flv8cjMjC4-00109-00026433-00026701 oceans and the risk to humans
0flv8cjMjC4-00110-00026702-00027379 from eating seafood
0flv8cjMjC4-00111-00027380-00028483 [Music]
0flv8cjMjC4-00112-00028484-00028690 you
0m2rHNBRhM0-00000-00000017-00000311 hi everyone today I'm sitting here with
0m2rHNBRhM0-00001-00000312-00000599 my friend Lisa bubari Lisa thank you for
0m2rHNBRhM0-00002-00000600-00000821 joining me today my pleasure Rosa would
0m2rHNBRhM0-00003-00000822-00000947 you tell us a little bit about yourself
0m2rHNBRhM0-00004-00000948-00001211 of course by trade I'm a clinical
0m2rHNBRhM0-00005-00001212-00001378 hypnotherapist Stress Management
0m2rHNBRhM0-00006-00001379-00001793 Consultant nice yes what does that mean
0m2rHNBRhM0-00007-00001794-00002075 it means I do therapy through hypnosis
0m2rHNBRhM0-00008-00002076-00002359 and I help people manage their stress
0m2rHNBRhM0-00009-00002360-00002621 and anxieties
0m2rHNBRhM0-00010-00002622-00002958 seventh yeah yeah what is hypnotherapy
0m2rHNBRhM0-00011-00002959-00003197 hypnotherapy is very simple is doing
0m2rHNBRhM0-00012-00003198-00003515 therapy through hypnosis and by way of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00013-00003515-00003772 hypnosis and hypnotizing someone into a
0m2rHNBRhM0-00014-00003773-00004061 state of relaxation so we can bypass our
0m2rHNBRhM0-00015-00004061-00004354 conscious analyzing thinking mind wow
0m2rHNBRhM0-00016-00004355-00004715 yeah very interesting very interesting
0m2rHNBRhM0-00017-00004716-00004967 who do you treat
0m2rHNBRhM0-00018-00004968-00005219 allow me to say this a lot of people ask
0m2rHNBRhM0-00019-00005220-00005483 me what is hypnosis so I just want to
0m2rHNBRhM0-00020-00005484-00005722 make it simple hypnosis is something
0m2rHNBRhM0-00021-00005723-00005920 very simple that you go in and out of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00022-00005921-00006125 hypnosis every single day a lot of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00023-00006126-00006431 people say is it like a being hypnotized
0m2rHNBRhM0-00024-00006431-00006719 on stage no when you drive during
0m2rHNBRhM0-00025-00006720-00006917 hypnosis watching TV you can be in
0m2rHNBRhM0-00026-00006918-00007192 hypnosis the phone can ring or you're
0m2rHNBRhM0-00027-00007193-00007456 going into that rapid state of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00028-00007458-00007714 relaxation that's deep state of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00029-00007715-00008034 relaxation is a hypnotic State okay okay
0m2rHNBRhM0-00030-00008036-00008453 so who I treat is my clientele are from
0m2rHNBRhM0-00031-00008454-00008692 age eight years old that they come in
0m2rHNBRhM0-00032-00008693-00009010 with fears phobias tantrums and
0m2rHNBRhM0-00033-00009011-00009305 anxieties children all the way to
0m2rHNBRhM0-00034-00009306-00009587 seniors who are going through a lot of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00035-00009588-00010091 pain and anxiety and maybe insomnia okay
0m2rHNBRhM0-00036-00010092-00010295 and all the way to grieving nature
0m2rHNBRhM0-00037-00010296-00010499 testing so
0m2rHNBRhM0-00038-00010500-00010703 so you mentioned that you treat from
0m2rHNBRhM0-00039-00010704-00010901 children all the way to adults so who
0m2rHNBRhM0-00040-00010902-00011117 benefits from it
0m2rHNBRhM0-00041-00011118-00011327 those who
0m2rHNBRhM0-00042-00011328-00011610 have gone through a lot of
0m2rHNBRhM0-00043-00011611-00012041 therapy and who benefits from it it's a
0m2rHNBRhM0-00044-00012042-00012419 great question is
0m2rHNBRhM0-00045-00012420-00012773 everybody can benefit because
0m2rHNBRhM0-00046-00012774-00013105 you are doing a work
0m2rHNBRhM0-00047-00013106-00013386 bypassing your conscious analyzing
0m2rHNBRhM0-00048-00013387-00013744 criticizing reasoning factor to tap into
0m2rHNBRhM0-00049-00013745-00013980 the subconscious which is the blueprint
0m2rHNBRhM0-00050-00013981-00014272 and where everything all your
0m2rHNBRhM0-00051-00014273-00014543 experiences and behavior has been there
0m2rHNBRhM0-00052-00014544-00014830 and what we do is tapping in that
0m2rHNBRhM0-00053-00014831-00015094 Reservoir which is your own self your
0m2rHNBRhM0-00054-00015095-00015491 own gifts to make that shift okay that's
0m2rHNBRhM0-00055-00015491-00015841 all it is it's from analyzing judging
0m2rHNBRhM0-00056-00015841-00016157 perspective to it's like that little
0m2rHNBRhM0-00057-00016158-00016403 chip inside the computer or your phone
0m2rHNBRhM0-00058-00016404-00016793 we just go and do edit and modify and
0m2rHNBRhM0-00059-00016794-00017086 what I call it my 3E factor which is the
0m2rHNBRhM0-00060-00017087-00017417 3E method evoking what was which is
0m2rHNBRhM0-00061-00017418-00017597 bringing forth what it is that you want
0m2rHNBRhM0-00062-00017598-00017771 to make that change the story The
0m2rHNBRhM0-00063-00017772-00018029 behavior or the Habit so that you can
0m2rHNBRhM0-00064-00018030-00018299 Embrace what is the reality of where you
0m2rHNBRhM0-00065-00018300-00018593 are the pain or the negative thoughts
0m2rHNBRhM0-00066-00018594-00018833 and ideas in order to evolve to what it
0m2rHNBRhM0-00067-00018834-00019079 is that you want the outcome that you
0m2rHNBRhM0-00068-00019080-00019199 want
0m2rHNBRhM0-00069-00019200-00019469 that's very deep sounds fascinating it's
0m2rHNBRhM0-00070-00019470-00019775 very light someone looking to do this
0m2rHNBRhM0-00071-00019776-00019972 how do they reach you
0m2rHNBRhM0-00072-00019973-00020369 they can reach me at healwithin.com or
0m2rHNBRhM0-00073-00020370-00020580 at
0m2rHNBRhM0-00074-00020581-00020827 818-551-1501 or simply
0m2rHNBRhM0-00075-00020828-00021071 lisabubari.com thank you so much for
0m2rHNBRhM0-00076-00021072-00021314 joining me
0mY_cto5zL4-00000-00000060-00001491 [Music]
0mY_cto5zL4-00001-00001492-00002004 so
0mY_cto5zL4-00002-00002005-00002883 [Music]
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0mY_cto5zL4-00004-00003139-00004527 [Music]
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0mY_cto5zL4-00045-00062042-00062865 [Laughter]
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0mY_cto5zL4-00055-00084998-00085050 [Applause]
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0mY_cto5zL4-00074-00105359-00105567 you
0mcKNXsf038-00000-00000017-00000388 the Year 1687 in science and technology
0mcKNXsf038-00001-00000389-00001258 involves some significant events topic
0mcKNXsf038-00002-00001259-00001967 astronomy the constellation triangular -
0mcKNXsf038-00003-00001968-00002767 is named by johannes hevelius topic
0mcKNXsf038-00004-00002768-00003428 biology a leader withers at the house of
0mcKNXsf038-00005-00003429-00003620 Agnes block makes a painting of the
0mcKNXsf038-00006-00003621-00004427 first pineapple bread in Europe topic
0mcKNXsf038-00007-00004428-00005077 medicine Dutch physician Willem 10 reign
0mcKNXsf038-00008-00005078-00005342 publishes for handling Evander ACRs
0mcKNXsf038-00009-00005343-00005600 mulashi Aetna and mark yoga indoors oak
0mcKNXsf038-00010-00005601-00005863 tendons - van head German in Amsterdam
0mcKNXsf038-00011-00005864-00006634 explaining Asian leprosy to the West
0mcKNXsf038-00012-00006634-00007378 topic physics July 5th isaac newton's
0mcKNXsf038-00013-00007379-00007592 philosophy i naturalist principia
0mcKNXsf038-00014-00007593-00007834 mathematica known as the principie is
0mcKNXsf038-00015-00007836-00008092 published by the royal society of london
0mcKNXsf038-00016-00008093-00008405 in it newton describes his theory of
0mcKNXsf038-00017-00008406-00008666 universal gravitation explains the laws
0mcKNXsf038-00018-00008667-00008888 of mechanics including Newton's laws of
0mcKNXsf038-00019-00008889-00009149 motion gives a formula for the speed of
0mcKNXsf038-00020-00009150-00009362 sound and demonstrates that Earth is an
0mcKNXsf038-00021-00009363-00009656 oblate spheroid the concepts in the
0mcKNXsf038-00022-00009657-00009869 Prince appear become the foundations of
0mcKNXsf038-00023-00009870-00011131 modern physics topic births October 14th
0mcKNXsf038-00024-00011132-00011314 Robert Simpson Scottish mathematician
0mcKNXsf038-00025-00011315-00012670 died 1768 topic deaths
0mcKNXsf038-00026-00012671-00012946 hurry 28 vo Hanna Servilius German
0mcKNXsf038-00027-00012947-00013351 astronomer born 1611
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10B-MAM05GA-00011-00005345-00005660 Sacha's acceptable part Elemento at
10B-MAM05GA-00012-00005661-00005912 expenses reaches o tempo upon
10B-MAM05GA-00013-00005913-00006152 thermochemistry las cosas de Iberia so
10B-MAM05GA-00014-00006153-00006347 kinesin VK technology on the tongue
10B-MAM05GA-00015-00006348-00006626 depressor Oh Mexico people register a
10B-MAM05GA-00016-00006627-00006869 mismo tiempo technology ' me cheap
10B-MAM05GA-00017-00006870-00007193 commit message conceived is fasciculus
10B-MAM05GA-00018-00007194-00007463 transactions in Hong Kong mobile GGG
10B-MAM05GA-00019-00007464-00007733 Jack sisters viswamitra kids can assume
10B-MAM05GA-00020-00007734-00007973 the position of sensitivity states is
10B-MAM05GA-00021-00007973-00008183 also a flow as usual formal minimize
10B-MAM05GA-00022-00008184-00008485 integral Costas Proteus Vedas the grand
10B-MAM05GA-00023-00008486-00008879 gesture Omega CI confession museos
10B-MAM05GA-00024-00008880-00009137 Galatea's reconciliation DSS specialist
10B-MAM05GA-00025-00009138-00009395 allies that appropriate ah who make up
10B-MAM05GA-00026-00009396-00009683 receiver fancy I should the technology
10B-MAM05GA-00027-00009684-00010181 as Iraqis up receiver
10B-MAM05GA-00028-00010182-00010595 or Eng Alvarez's to Sony virus died do
10B-MAM05GA-00029-00010596-00010776 mundo podo some response office
10B-MAM05GA-00030-00010777-00011127 performer artistas professor a notch the
10B-MAM05GA-00031-00011128-00011298 technology aqui no luck
10B-MAM05GA-00032-00011299-00011546 for example setting y being que unos
10B-MAM05GA-00033-00011547-00011855 meses importance don't remove it all
10B-MAM05GA-00034-00011856-00012069 don't be sore spread simple very
10B-MAM05GA-00035-00012070-00012359 projects Vince and NASA hella Sony
10B-MAM05GA-00036-00012360-00013094 simply armonica into technology arch the
10B-MAM05GA-00037-00013095-00013230 core of our program is actually a
10B-MAM05GA-00038-00013231-00013422 residency and fellowship program where
10B-MAM05GA-00039-00013422-00013599 we invite artists and other creative
10B-MAM05GA-00040-00013600-00013818 technologists in to come and work with
10B-MAM05GA-00041-00013819-00014133 us for periods of time between five
10B-MAM05GA-00042-00014134-00014381 months for a residency and a year for
10B-MAM05GA-00043-00014382-00014838 fellowship we've got really awesome
10B-MAM05GA-00044-00014838-00015011 learning an engagement program where we
10B-MAM05GA-00045-00015012-00015269 do workshops and forums and seminars and
10B-MAM05GA-00046-00015270-00015546 book launches talk about ideas and learn
10B-MAM05GA-00047-00015547-00015930 to make new stuff with new audiences
10B-MAM05GA-00048-00015931-00016314 we try to choose a group of people who
10B-MAM05GA-00049-00016315-00016533 have diverse skill sets so we're
10B-MAM05GA-00050-00016534-00016725 interested in artists who have awesome
10B-MAM05GA-00051-00016726-00016924 software skills or hardware skills
10B-MAM05GA-00052-00016925-00017169 artists to work with robotics or others
10B-MAM05GA-00053-00017170-00017338 who work on the web we have a range of
10B-MAM05GA-00054-00017339-00017556 research groups around issues to do with
10B-MAM05GA-00055-00017557-00017761 sustainability around issues to do with
10B-MAM05GA-00056-00017762-00018316 art and activism most recently I've been
10B-MAM05GA-00057-00018317-00018636 working on a project that's sort of
10B-MAM05GA-00058-00018637-00018825 began with a website called three frames
10B-MAM05GA-00059-00018826-00019164 website this allows people to make an
10B-MAM05GA-00060-00019165-00019414 animated gif using their webcam so it's
10B-MAM05GA-00061-00019415-00019624 pops open this little module that lets
10B-MAM05GA-00062-00019625-00019808 you capture frames from your webcam and
10B-MAM05GA-00063-00019809-00020106 set the timing of it and then turn it
10B-MAM05GA-00064-00020107-00020430 into an animated gif a month ago I
10B-MAM05GA-00065-00020431-00020683 released an iPhone app related to the
10B-MAM05GA-00066-00020684-00020925 website I just hold this up to here tap
10B-MAM05GA-00067-00020926-00021172 this three times and then I can press
10B-MAM05GA-00068-00021173-00021502 play and I can adjust like a speed I
10B-MAM05GA-00069-00021503-00021877 click Submit here and it uploads and
10B-MAM05GA-00070-00021878-00022189 you'll see here watch this
10B-MAM05GA-00071-00022190-00022408 and most recently this last weekend it's
10B-MAM05GA-00072-00022409-00022794 had an installation at a party paradise
10B-MAM05GA-00073-00022795-00023214 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00074-00023215-00023491 there's cameras all around there's eight
10B-MAM05GA-00075-00023492-00023689 cameras total and so all these cameras
10B-MAM05GA-00076-00023690-00023938 take his picture all at once and so when
10B-MAM05GA-00077-00023939-00024105 the individual cameras are stitched
10B-MAM05GA-00078-00024106-00024313 together into an animation it looks like
10B-MAM05GA-00079-00024314-00024712 you know a 360-degree spin around
10B-MAM05GA-00080-00024713-00025128 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00081-00025129-00025330 everything that's made on the website
10B-MAM05GA-00082-00025331-00025517 becomes part of this really big
10B-MAM05GA-00083-00025518-00025818 constantly updating gallery of
10B-MAM05GA-00084-00025819-00025996 everything else that everyone's have
10B-MAM05GA-00085-00025997-00026187 remain on the website
10B-MAM05GA-00086-00026188-00026449 one of the things that is also
10B-MAM05GA-00087-00026450-00026640 interesting to a lot of the artists who
10B-MAM05GA-00088-00026641-00026818 work here is that they will release the
10B-MAM05GA-00089-00026819-00027018 project and get audience feedback and
10B-MAM05GA-00090-00027019-00027145 then they'll re-release it with new
10B-MAM05GA-00091-00027145-00027800 ideas whether it's software or hardware
10B-MAM05GA-00092-00027801-00028106 why me él no tenía for example the
10B-MAM05GA-00093-00028107-00028424 tragic Sanjay contrecoup order Nunez MPs
10B-MAM05GA-00094-00028425-00028700 Michigan Shah Mardan Alicia phasing
10B-MAM05GA-00095-00028701-00028900 trouble military surge The provocateur
10B-MAM05GA-00096-00028901-00029245 ending the embargo conceit strategic
10B-MAM05GA-00097-00029247-00029477 symmetry labs on Google measurement
10B-MAM05GA-00098-00029477-00029914 formats altimeter v12 the kind of work
10B-MAM05GA-00099-00029916-00030233 that I do is very experimental like
10B-MAM05GA-00100-00030233-00030295 really
10B-MAM05GA-00101-00030297-00030497 I made this kind of like little Goldman
10B-MAM05GA-00102-00030498-00030782 Sachs which has investment banks we do
10B-MAM05GA-00103-00030783-00031058 input exports we have crops of corn
10B-MAM05GA-00104-00031058-00031258 there are like probably 80 persons
10B-MAM05GA-00105-00031260-00031556 working on this they are like 75,000
10B-MAM05GA-00106-00031557-00031724 units of this currency they're being
10B-MAM05GA-00107-00031725-00031997 traded completely online and there is a
10B-MAM05GA-00108-00031998-00032332 central bank that has a reserve our
10B-MAM05GA-00109-00032333-00032627 event is a complete amateur walk we
10B-MAM05GA-00110-00032627-00032882 totally to view out the cumulative value
10B-MAM05GA-00111-00032883-00033146 just become a sauna by gar bracket
10B-MAM05GA-00112-00033147-00033380 mistake will not have over 30 thousand
10B-MAM05GA-00113-00033381-00033677 dollars that we product close completely
10B-MAM05GA-00114-00033678-00033998 over the internet with works of art with
10B-MAM05GA-00115-00033999-00034190 media with my kids
10B-MAM05GA-00116-00034191-00034445 this money will see which is a material
10B-MAM05GA-00117-00034446-00034706 which is completely virtual is backed by
10B-MAM05GA-00118-00034707-00034919 real money and it's generating
10B-MAM05GA-00119-00034920-00035177 riches or wealth which is measured in
10B-MAM05GA-00120-00035178-00035438 our own values but basically all of this
10B-MAM05GA-00121-00035439-00035749 is an art project
10B-MAM05GA-00122-00035750-00036110 Japan's perfect example of a cultural
10B-MAM05GA-00123-00036111-00036352 practitioner who really creates platform
10B-MAM05GA-00124-00036353-00036512 and so he's interested in civic
10B-MAM05GA-00125-00036513-00036701 engagement he's interested in activism
10B-MAM05GA-00126-00036702-00036833 he's interested in thinking about
10B-MAM05GA-00127-00036834-00037136 financial system about farming systems
10B-MAM05GA-00128-00037137-00037427 like who would think that in this kind
10B-MAM05GA-00129-00037428-00037595 of context but the way he fires that
10B-MAM05GA-00130-00037596-00037724 together then wouldn't be possible
10B-MAM05GA-00131-00037725-00038858 without technology - psdh technological
10B-MAM05GA-00132-00038859-00039071 inch painting software and musician
10B-MAM05GA-00133-00039072-00039233 campaign so for example nine schools
10B-MAM05GA-00134-00039234-00039470 vassalage georgia technology elephant
10B-MAM05GA-00135-00039471-00039655 polo party tom cetera cheeses from
10B-MAM05GA-00136-00039656-00040061 waarom back of user Hadassah dodgy for
10B-MAM05GA-00137-00040062-00040274 me the guy only supported through
10B-MAM05GA-00138-00040275-00041533 fighting for masonic a technology a
10B-MAM05GA-00139-00041534-00041645 tongue depressor
10B-MAM05GA-00140-00041646-00041921 Oh Mexico papel Batista to move on she
10B-MAM05GA-00141-00041922-00042182 changed jack sisters special Misha
10B-MAM05GA-00142-00042183-00042364 Kingston a serum the policeman of
10B-MAM05GA-00143-00042365-00042626 sensibility says is also technology joel
10B-MAM05GA-00144-00042627-00042860 fuhrman optimized integrand for sus
10B-MAM05GA-00145-00042861-00043102 propias vedas that apparent are from a
10B-MAM05GA-00146-00043103-00043424 cap receiver fuzzier sobre technology as
10B-MAM05GA-00147-00043425-00043585 eric is a perceiver
10B-MAM05GA-00148-00043586-00044922 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00149-00044923-00045291 - psdh technological expensive software
10B-MAM05GA-00150-00045292-00045517 installation contains an example and
10B-MAM05GA-00151-00045518-00045751 schools vassalage georgia technology
10B-MAM05GA-00152-00045752-00045973 yellow sample Apache Tom cetera cheeses
10B-MAM05GA-00153-00045974-00046264 from Warren back so you use a whole acid
10B-MAM05GA-00154-00046265-00046639 IG guy went in support preparing for
10B-MAM05GA-00155-00046640-00046719 Hassan's
10B-MAM05GA-00156-00046720-00047029 legião de trabalho Aaron a system each
10B-MAM05GA-00157-00047030-00047332 possess upon its own entry force Adagio
10B-MAM05GA-00158-00047333-00047692 Adagio my democratic and c4 for solar
10B-MAM05GA-00159-00047693-00048127 edge technology guitar being a Democrat
10B-MAM05GA-00160-00048128-00048632 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00161-00048633-00048923 there drops is an anonymous offline
10B-MAM05GA-00162-00048924-00049190 peer-to-peer file-sharing Network it's
10B-MAM05GA-00163-00049191-00049460 just a little USB flash drive I cemented
10B-MAM05GA-00164-00049461-00049685 into a wall and the idea is that I take
10B-MAM05GA-00165-00049686-00049919 my laptop and I can plug it into the
10B-MAM05GA-00166-00049920-00050195 wall to the USB Drive and find files or
10B-MAM05GA-00167-00050196-00050792 drops on files people drop personal
10B-MAM05GA-00168-00050793-00051080 pictures or items I had job application
10B-MAM05GA-00169-00051081-00051500 on there on this website that drops calm
10B-MAM05GA-00170-00051501-00051692 you can submit your dead drop
10B-MAM05GA-00171-00051693-00051932 you've done and then it'll be on the map
10B-MAM05GA-00172-00051933-00052142 and it'll be in the database and people
10B-MAM05GA-00173-00052143-00052323 can look it up and go to that place and
10B-MAM05GA-00174-00052324-00052691 see what's on there a lot of layers in
10B-MAM05GA-00175-00052692-00052868 this project you can talk about and
10B-MAM05GA-00176-00052869-00053085 discuss today we are connected with our
10B-MAM05GA-00177-00053086-00053342 phones and whatever Facebook everywhere
10B-MAM05GA-00178-00053343-00053618 but the moment you take some files and
10B-MAM05GA-00179-00053619-00053823 you cemented into a building somehow the
10B-MAM05GA-00180-00053824-00054062 whole building becomes a flash drive and
10B-MAM05GA-00181-00054063-00054249 at the same time it's this play you go
10B-MAM05GA-00182-00054250-00054597 out of the city and try to find this USB
10B-MAM05GA-00183-00054598-00055374 Drive so mice intellisense entry gates
10B-MAM05GA-00184-00055375-00055691 El Rancho coyote young American owned a
10B-MAM05GA-00185-00055692-00055925 saloon of Texas it keeps to use the
10B-MAM05GA-00186-00055926-00056253 technology JAMA Pharma research the
10B-MAM05GA-00187-00056254-00056618 official travel Elemento Mackey rgz
10B-MAM05GA-00188-00056619-00056829 personally dives you know some daily
10B-MAM05GA-00189-00056829-00057124 process very important for personages
10B-MAM05GA-00190-00057125-00057488 promise from you become a physician wine
10B-MAM05GA-00191-00057489-00057842 my degree esto sobre Brian I can use PI
10B-MAM05GA-00192-00057843-00058094 space science so the former technology
10B-MAM05GA-00193-00058095-00058348 stubborn the most museums
10B-MAM05GA-00194-00058349-00058701 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00195-00058702-00058971 how do you see the Internet as an artist
10B-MAM05GA-00196-00058972-00059241 and how does it impact your work I don't
10B-MAM05GA-00197-00059241-00059463 see it as another it's like inherently a
10B-MAM05GA-00198-00059464-00059676 part of who we are and it's a part of
10B-MAM05GA-00199-00059677-00059853 our being and it's an extension of our
10B-MAM05GA-00200-00059854-00060092 bodies the Internet is providing so many
10B-MAM05GA-00201-00060094-00060357 sort of new mediums and new
10B-MAM05GA-00202-00060358-00060579 opportunities and platforms to expand
10B-MAM05GA-00203-00060579-00060846 and trade and I think it's making people
10B-MAM05GA-00204-00060847-00061074 much more collaborative in spirit and I
10B-MAM05GA-00205-00061075-00061863 feel like that's really exciting how do
10B-MAM05GA-00206-00061864-00062085 you think like this multiple layers of
10B-MAM05GA-00207-00062086-00062363 identity actually translate into your
10B-MAM05GA-00208-00062364-00062555 work and what is probable as it relates
10B-MAM05GA-00209-00062557-00062919 to the online life as we start to exist
10B-MAM05GA-00210-00062920-00063213 in multiple spaces and interact within
10B-MAM05GA-00211-00063214-00063430 different realities the thing that
10B-MAM05GA-00212-00063432-00063651 starts to find you is like your
10B-MAM05GA-00213-00063652-00063912 accumulated personality or your
10B-MAM05GA-00214-00063913-00064110 accumulated structures we're kind of
10B-MAM05GA-00215-00064111-00064241 moving more towards defining ourselves
10B-MAM05GA-00216-00064242-00064541 by like a larger vibe of who we are
10B-MAM05GA-00217-00064542-00064757 rather than like an understanding of the
10B-MAM05GA-00218-00064758-00064901 body or something because the body's
10B-MAM05GA-00219-00064902-00065094 been expanded and so it's like the
10B-MAM05GA-00220-00065095-00065349 location of it always in the moment oh
10B-MAM05GA-00221-00065350-00065694 wait oh wait oh wait how do you find all
10B-MAM05GA-00222-00065695-00065943 those people like that there's children
10B-MAM05GA-00223-00065944-00066180 there is like people full of all sort
10B-MAM05GA-00224-00066181-00066401 some people are like actors that we hire
10B-MAM05GA-00225-00066402-00066750 and some people our family members or
10B-MAM05GA-00226-00066751-00066926 friends of friends a lot of them I
10B-MAM05GA-00227-00066927-00067221 didn't meet on the Internet
10B-MAM05GA-00228-00067222-00067497 you actually made your videos available
10B-MAM05GA-00229-00067498-00067719 online do you think that was important
10B-MAM05GA-00230-00067720-00067854 to career through years it would make
10B-MAM05GA-00231-00067855-00068037 sense to you know share with the
10B-MAM05GA-00232-00068038-00068259 communities that are that inspire to
10B-MAM05GA-00233-00068260-00068469 work and the best way obviously to do
10B-MAM05GA-00234-00068470-00068694 that is to just post it online and then
10B-MAM05GA-00235-00068695-00068823 obviously the Internet's a huge
10B-MAM05GA-00236-00068824-00068994 inspiration to the work in a career
10B-MAM05GA-00237-00068995-00069279 sense it like would be outrageous to not
10B-MAM05GA-00238-00069280-00069438 put it online
10B-MAM05GA-00239-00069439-00069726 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00240-00069727-00070142 whose act on my snow pants in civil
10B-MAM05GA-00241-00070143-00070511 various points Apache de las navas
10B-MAM05GA-00242-00070512-00070744 technology SPCA fleet on ecology and
10B-MAM05GA-00243-00070745-00071003 economy now sociology nice edge and
10B-MAM05GA-00244-00071004-00071348 appropriate tonfa Zi sotloff a Anita
10B-MAM05GA-00245-00071349-00071615 st. Vincent is your lab yo como esta la
10B-MAM05GA-00246-00071616-00071879 zona cosmoses Vedas an internal pop
10B-MAM05GA-00247-00071880-00072347 singers jalopy GA insomnia lot of the
10B-MAM05GA-00248-00072348-00072449 artists who we work with
10B-MAM05GA-00249-00072450-00072619 they're often creating platforms it's
10B-MAM05GA-00250-00072620-00072836 rather than actual and art object to put
10B-MAM05GA-00251-00072837-00073079 in a gallery as a commodity item
10B-MAM05GA-00252-00073080-00073243 they're often using technology as a
10B-MAM05GA-00253-00073244-00073421 platform so that other people contribute
10B-MAM05GA-00254-00073422-00073699 their ideas and their content and I
10B-MAM05GA-00255-00073700-00073918 think that kind of new the digital
10B-MAM05GA-00256-00073919-00074113 artworks are getting stronger and
10B-MAM05GA-00257-00074114-00074291 stronger and that in that field and I
10B-MAM05GA-00258-00074292-00074542 think it's important to to look at this
10B-MAM05GA-00259-00074543-00074773 of course it's it's a question of
10B-MAM05GA-00260-00074774-00075031 curators and collectors what's their
10B-MAM05GA-00261-00075032-00075280 relation to the digital sphere like that
10B-MAM05GA-00262-00075281-00075499 they grew up with it or not it's still a
10B-MAM05GA-00263-00075500-00075838 big difference in how people are used to
10B-MAM05GA-00264-00075839-00076499 art in the art market galleries are they
10B-MAM05GA-00265-00076500-00076768 ready people who are working with you
10B-MAM05GA-00266-00076769-00076981 yeah I just feel like naturally the
10B-MAM05GA-00267-00076982-00077141 segregation is gonna go away because
10B-MAM05GA-00268-00077142-00077348 that would be on false dialog to have a
10B-MAM05GA-00269-00077349-00077699 whole art historical art from like here
10B-MAM05GA-00270-00077700-00077893 to 20 years in the future and not have
10B-MAM05GA-00271-00077894-00078035 the internet be a part of that would
10B-MAM05GA-00272-00078036-00078238 just make no sense I mean when you're
10B-MAM05GA-00273-00078239-00078505 contextualizing some sort of idea you
10B-MAM05GA-00274-00078506-00078676 can't avoid the way the internet has
10B-MAM05GA-00275-00078677-00078794 changed that idea
10B-MAM05GA-00276-00078795-00079600 [Music]
10B-MAM05GA-00277-00079601-00080187 [Music]
12znnyr6mQA-00000-00000000-00000191 yo what is going on guys it is your boy
12znnyr6mQA-00001-00000192-00000318 cesar here i know it's been quite a
12znnyr6mQA-00002-00000319-00000438 little bit so i gave you guys some
12znnyr6mQA-00003-00000440-00000623 thoughts to enjoy and just try some some
12znnyr6mQA-00004-00000624-00000807 new project stuff out so uh here let's
12znnyr6mQA-00005-00000808-00000983 check them out and uh if y'all got any
12znnyr6mQA-00006-00000984-00001143 like ones that i don't you know that i
12znnyr6mQA-00007-00001144-00001319 haven't said yet you can just swing
12znnyr6mQA-00008-00001320-00001707 those in the comments please
12znnyr6mQA-00009-00001707-00002287 [Music]
12znnyr6mQA-00010-00002288-00002510 so the first one we have is ballistic a
12znnyr6mQA-00011-00002511-00002710 binary influence sans-serif found with
12znnyr6mQA-00012-00002711-00002934 futuristic and retro inspired characters
12znnyr6mQA-00013-00002935-00003118 if we're talking sci-fi space aesthetic
12znnyr6mQA-00014-00003119-00003327 this font has it down with five weights
12znnyr6mQA-00015-00003328-00003543 two styles numbers punctuation and
12znnyr6mQA-00016-00003544-00003735 multilingual support this font has its
12znnyr6mQA-00017-00003736-00003879 perks that can make any project look
12znnyr6mQA-00018-00003879-00004038 amazing and while also being free for
12znnyr6mQA-00019-00004039-00004206 commercial use it's just silly not to
12znnyr6mQA-00020-00004207-00004422 consider next is vertigo a futuristic
12znnyr6mQA-00021-00004423-00004599 display font free for personal use
12znnyr6mQA-00022-00004600-00004815 inspired by simple and bold shapes using
12znnyr6mQA-00023-00004816-00004999 its thin thick and pointed elements it
12znnyr6mQA-00024-00005000-00005222 allows its presence also feel futuristic
12znnyr6mQA-00025-00005223-00005415 while also giving heavy nods to a retro
12znnyr6mQA-00026-00005416-00005622 70s approach i could be solo there but
12znnyr6mQA-00027-00005623-00005791 pairing this phone with a mono typeface
12znnyr6mQA-00028-00005792-00005991 or even a gothic typeface can make a lot
12znnyr6mQA-00029-00005992-00006231 of products sing lumen is next inspired
12znnyr6mQA-00030-00006232-00006399 by the philippines and its culture this
12znnyr6mQA-00031-00006400-00006550 display font matches the right color
12znnyr6mQA-00032-00006551-00006703 scheme could be amazing with special
12znnyr6mQA-00033-00006704-00006839 characters being included in the fact
12znnyr6mQA-00034-00006840-00007006 that also kind of feels like an led
12znnyr6mQA-00035-00007008-00007231 screen airport lettering typeface thing
12znnyr6mQA-00036-00007231-00007398 as well i mean it's kind of a no-brainer
12znnyr6mQA-00037-00007400-00007534 with the flexibility that this fog can
12znnyr6mQA-00038-00007536-00007719 provide and being free for commercial
12znnyr6mQA-00039-00007720-00007870 use as well it's an easy pickup for
12znnyr6mQA-00040-00007872-00008031 those looking to work with projects that
12znnyr6mQA-00041-00008031-00008214 require a little bit of spice next is
12znnyr6mQA-00042-00008215-00008399 merced it's a contemporary sans-serif
12znnyr6mQA-00043-00008400-00008591 typeface with super deep ink traps to
12znnyr6mQA-00044-00008592-00008742 assist in legibility no matter how small
12znnyr6mQA-00045-00008743-00008910 your letters are while also adding a
12znnyr6mQA-00046-00008911-00009127 stylistic element nine weights multiple
12znnyr6mQA-00047-00009128-00009310 language supports and an overall clean
12znnyr6mQA-00048-00009311-00009471 sans serif and if you ever find yourself
12znnyr6mQA-00049-00009472-00009639 designing a really small document size
12znnyr6mQA-00050-00009640-00009846 and the text gets really blurry this can
12znnyr6mQA-00051-00009847-00010039 definitely help solve that now we have
12znnyr6mQA-00052-00010040-00010238 wriggle it's an insanely cool abstract
12znnyr6mQA-00053-00010239-00010423 typeface says so playful and also
12znnyr6mQA-00054-00010424-00010559 indefinite i mean the words i want to
12znnyr6mQA-00055-00010560-00010791 say is kind of like groovy 60s vintage
12znnyr6mQA-00056-00010792-00010974 approach however it's still so fun and
12znnyr6mQA-00057-00010975-00011151 almost texture like where this typeface
12znnyr6mQA-00058-00011152-00011287 personally would act as a texture for
12znnyr6mQA-00059-00011288-00011478 myself literally just taking any letter
12znnyr6mQA-00060-00011479-00011614 and making it really big you got like
12znnyr6mQA-00061-00011615-00011791 yourself like a liquify texture combined
12znnyr6mQA-00062-00011792-00011935 with the right layer styles and color
12znnyr6mQA-00063-00011936-00012135 combinations you're finding such a free
12znnyr6mQA-00064-00012136-00012342 spirited look just as texture alone
12znnyr6mQA-00065-00012343-00012478 you'll probably find this font really
12znnyr6mQA-00066-00012479-00012687 useful in your library and with the 2022
12znnyr6mQA-00067-00012688-00012879 trends being this brutalist design this
12znnyr6mQA-00068-00012880-00013038 could definitely take the cake up next
12znnyr6mQA-00069-00013039-00013255 is round love a hand-drawn organic font
12znnyr6mQA-00070-00013256-00013391 that i threw in here for thumbnail
12znnyr6mQA-00071-00013391-00013566 reasons to be honest look all i am
12znnyr6mQA-00072-00013568-00013799 saying this font is super fun bold and
12znnyr6mQA-00073-00013800-00013958 lively where it's going to be going into
12znnyr6mQA-00074-00013959-00014119 my arsenal and i'm just probably gonna
12znnyr6mQA-00075-00014119-00014263 use it for those reasons like look if
12znnyr6mQA-00076-00014263-00014430 you're still using burbank for your
12znnyr6mQA-00077-00014431-00014671 gaming thumbnail like font stuff like
12znnyr6mQA-00078-00014672-00014815 okay you know
12znnyr6mQA-00079-00014816-00015063 live a little next is aged it's a bull
12znnyr6mQA-00080-00015063-00015207 display font with its purpose of its
12znnyr6mQA-00081-00015208-00015383 highlight trap areas to sort of resemble
12znnyr6mQA-00082-00015384-00015543 glitter the font really lends itself in
12znnyr6mQA-00083-00015544-00015791 my opinions like a y2k apparel design
12znnyr6mQA-00084-00015791-00015950 typeface where pair with the right
12znnyr6mQA-00085-00015951-00016111 assets and design layouts it can make
12znnyr6mQA-00086-00016112-00016286 some awesome projects both digital and
12znnyr6mQA-00087-00016287-00016486 physical quinn being our next font is a
12znnyr6mQA-00088-00016487-00016663 retro sans-serif that has expressive
12znnyr6mQA-00089-00016664-00016863 character extensions that can maintain a
12znnyr6mQA-00090-00016864-00017030 bold and unique style alongside its
12znnyr6mQA-00091-00017031-00017230 unique curves if we're talking logos
12znnyr6mQA-00092-00017231-00017430 labels handwritten projects quinn can be
12znnyr6mQA-00093-00017431-00017575 a perfect typeface pairing for your
12znnyr6mQA-00094-00017576-00017735 branding projects that need to have that
12znnyr6mQA-00095-00017736-00017919 dated look but also maintain that fresh
12znnyr6mQA-00096-00017920-00018150 appeal up next is kelso a free for
12znnyr6mQA-00097-00018151-00018383 commercial use graffiti bubble typeface
12znnyr6mQA-00098-00018384-00018607 coming in with two different styles fill
12znnyr6mQA-00099-00018608-00018783 and stroke with the full alphabet it
12znnyr6mQA-00100-00018784-00018943 perfectly represents an urban street
12znnyr6mQA-00101-00018944-00019143 subway aesthetic that can bring to life
12znnyr6mQA-00102-00019144-00019286 any design with this font thrown into
12znnyr6mQA-00103-00019287-00019494 the mix even as a texture so basically
12znnyr6mQA-00104-00019495-00019663 if you guys deal with a parallel chicago
12znnyr6mQA-00105-00019664-00019886 new york culture it's a great pickup and
12znnyr6mQA-00106-00019887-00020094 last up we have fight a pixel game
12znnyr6mQA-00107-00020095-00020263 inspired typeface that i thought was way
12znnyr6mQA-00108-00020264-00020447 too cool not to throw in with pixlr
12znnyr6mQA-00109-00020448-00020630 basically never going anywhere or like
12znnyr6mQA-00110-00020631-00020839 maybe game title logos already in need
12znnyr6mQA-00111-00020840-00020975 this vodka produced the correct
12znnyr6mQA-00112-00020976-00021158 environment feeling alone so like
12znnyr6mQA-00113-00021159-00021343 thumbnails or posters and the need to
12znnyr6mQA-00114-00021344-00021535 connect gaming to a basic design fight
12znnyr6mQA-00115-00021536-00021694 is pretty freaking cool also if i can
12znnyr6mQA-00116-00021695-00021871 just save any time with layer styles
12znnyr6mQA-00117-00021872-00022055 then this is this is just a win so with
12znnyr6mQA-00118-00022056-00022191 all this i pretty much hope you guys
12znnyr6mQA-00119-00022192-00022350 enjoy some of these spots and if not
12znnyr6mQA-00120-00022351-00022430 then
12znnyr6mQA-00121-00022431-00022607 i tried but i think you guys will
12znnyr6mQA-00122-00022608-00022783 probably enjoy at least i have some of
12znnyr6mQA-00123-00022784-00022950 them okay so with that being said the
12znnyr6mQA-00124-00022951-00023055 dow links will be the description down
12znnyr6mQA-00125-00023056-00023207 below for each individual font as well
12znnyr6mQA-00126-00023208-00023430 as a little font pack bundle yeah that's
12znnyr6mQA-00127-00023431-00023639 all i got enjoy hope you guys do enjoy i
12znnyr6mQA-00128-00023640-00023767 hope you guys use some of these fonts
12znnyr6mQA-00129-00023768-00023942 and uh i hope i helped you guys get out
12znnyr6mQA-00130-00023943-00024158 of some creative block with some ideas
12znnyr6mQA-00131-00024159-00024311 or you're stuck in darkness for a few
12znnyr6mQA-00132-00024312-00024478 more weeks who knows we'll see anyways
12znnyr6mQA-00133-00024479-00024647 let's go hq out you're gonna keep
12znnyr6mQA-00134-00024648-00024886 smiling stay positive and stay freaking
12znnyr6mQA-00135-00024887-00025111 proto guys leader much love peace and uh
12znnyr6mQA-00136-00025112-00026150 enjoy
12znnyr6mQA-00137-00026151-00026360 you
145LU-ZBI5g-00000-00000136-00000335 hi folks this is terry davis of pinnacre
145LU-ZBI5g-00001-00000336-00000543 chevrolet in republic missouri and
145LU-ZBI5g-00002-00000544-00000751 uh back once again to show you an
145LU-ZBI5g-00003-00000752-00000950 example of the inventory
145LU-ZBI5g-00004-00000951-00001215 here at pinnacle chevrolet republic and
145LU-ZBI5g-00005-00001216-00001350 some things we have in stock for you to
145LU-ZBI5g-00006-00001351-00001487 look at right now
145LU-ZBI5g-00007-00001488-00001830 a beautiful 2018 buick
145LU-ZBI5g-00008-00001832-00002071 enclave uh top of the line it's the
145LU-ZBI5g-00009-00002072-00002183 avenir model
145LU-ZBI5g-00010-00002184-00002407 they're hard to find hard to get and
145LU-ZBI5g-00011-00002408-00002639 there is nothing more luxurious in the
145LU-ZBI5g-00012-00002640-00003007 in the gm line it is a third
145LU-ZBI5g-00013-00003008-00003286 seat vehicle which allows you to carry
145LU-ZBI5g-00014-00003288-00003535 up to seven passengers in extra comfort
145LU-ZBI5g-00015-00003536-00003838 uh it is the luxury line of the buick
145LU-ZBI5g-00016-00003839-00003935 enclave
145LU-ZBI5g-00017-00003936-00004095 i'm just gonna open the door so you can
145LU-ZBI5g-00018-00004096-00004238 see some of the interior
145LU-ZBI5g-00019-00004239-00004470 it's in a beautiful peppercorn metallic
145LU-ZBI5g-00020-00004471-00004559 color
145LU-ZBI5g-00021-00004560-00004895 as i focus in here gorgeous chestnut
145LU-ZBI5g-00022-00004896-00004975 leather
145LU-ZBI5g-00023-00004976-00005238 uh just all the right appointments big
145LU-ZBI5g-00024-00005239-00005391 screen on the dash
145LU-ZBI5g-00025-00005392-00005591 leather wrapped steering wheel all
145LU-ZBI5g-00026-00005592-00005927 heated seats heated steering wheel
145LU-ZBI5g-00027-00005928-00006127 dual moon roofs actually a moon roof up
145LU-ZBI5g-00028-00006128-00006375 front a skylight back in the back
145LU-ZBI5g-00029-00006376-00006631 front and rear air just a beautiful
145LU-ZBI5g-00030-00006631-00006742 beautiful vehicle
145LU-ZBI5g-00031-00006743-00006942 with lots and lots of room for traveling
145LU-ZBI5g-00032-00006943-00007095 this christmas holiday
145LU-ZBI5g-00033-00007095-00007367 uh gosh it's just a wonderful vehicle
145LU-ZBI5g-00034-00007368-00007534 and you can carry seven people in style
145LU-ZBI5g-00035-00007536-00007798 and still get up to 24 miles per gallon
145LU-ZBI5g-00036-00007800-00008055 on the highway pretty amazing up back
145LU-ZBI5g-00037-00008056-00008191 here in the back to show you how much
145LU-ZBI5g-00038-00008192-00008335 room you actually have
145LU-ZBI5g-00039-00008336-00008567 the back seat is a split fold-down rear
145LU-ZBI5g-00040-00008568-00008735 seat you can fold that down
145LU-ZBI5g-00041-00008736-00008935 lots and lots of room for storage and
145LU-ZBI5g-00042-00008936-00009255 cargo uh guys just a gorgeous vehicle
145LU-ZBI5g-00043-00009256-00009463 and it's certified through general
145LU-ZBI5g-00044-00009464-00009655 motors to give you up to 100
145LU-ZBI5g-00045-00009656-00009919 000 miles of coverage with no deductible
145LU-ZBI5g-00046-00009920-00010167 at any gm dealership in the nation
145LU-ZBI5g-00047-00010168-00010359 what a great great vehicle come see this
145LU-ZBI5g-00048-00010360-00010542 one the 2018
145LU-ZBI5g-00049-00010543-00010855 buick enclave avenir and many more
145LU-ZBI5g-00050-00010856-00011095 at penniger chevrolet in republic come
145LU-ZBI5g-00051-00011096-00011255 see us ask for terry davis
145LU-ZBI5g-00052-00011256-00011584 i'd love to earn your business
16EEljNhbOE-00000-00000023-00001007 [Music]
16EEljNhbOE-00001-00001008-00001469 no you must acquire a tastebook
16EEljNhbOE-00002-00001470-00001998 [Music]
16EEljNhbOE-00003-00002000-00002263 disgusting black creatures get out of my
16EEljNhbOE-00004-00002264-00002552 sight
16EEljNhbOE-00005-00002553-00003599 [Music]
16EEljNhbOE-00006-00003600-00004111 damn what is that bro
16EEljNhbOE-00007-00004112-00004868 damn what is that
16EEljNhbOE-00008-00004869-00006486 [Music]
16EEljNhbOE-00009-00006487-00006695 you
18FGYEaofqo-00000-00000016-00000047 [Music]
18FGYEaofqo-00001-00000048-00000269 the election is just around the corner
18FGYEaofqo-00002-00000270-00000461 and that means that you'll come across a
18FGYEaofqo-00003-00000462-00000653 lot of electoral campaign material from
18FGYEaofqo-00004-00000654-00000833 candidates and parties
18FGYEaofqo-00005-00000834-00001031 this might appear as an ad in the paper
18FGYEaofqo-00006-00001032-00001312 online on TV or radio
18FGYEaofqo-00007-00001313-00001493 your social media feeds will have
18FGYEaofqo-00008-00001494-00001721 political ads and your letterboxes make
18FGYEaofqo-00009-00001722-00001871 it some attention from candidates
18FGYEaofqo-00010-00001872-00002092 standing in your area too
18FGYEaofqo-00011-00002093-00002321 you might even be handed some flyers or
18FGYEaofqo-00012-00002322-00002500 see a billboard or poster about the
18FGYEaofqo-00013-00002501-00002776 election as you go down to the shops
18FGYEaofqo-00014-00002777-00002975 you might hear the phrase truth in
18FGYEaofqo-00015-00002976-00003184 advertising or wonder to yourself what
18FGYEaofqo-00016-00003185-00003449 is or is not allowed
18FGYEaofqo-00017-00003450-00003647 what is not allowed during an election
18FGYEaofqo-00018-00003647-00003863 period is anything that is likely to
18FGYEaofqo-00019-00003864-00004072 mislead or deceive someone in relation
18FGYEaofqo-00020-00004073-00004354 to Casting their vote this could mean a
18FGYEaofqo-00021-00004355-00004529 site which pretends that a candidate
18FGYEaofqo-00022-00004530-00004720 belongs to a different party or someone
18FGYEaofqo-00023-00004721-00004925 giving the wrong information about when
18FGYEaofqo-00024-00004926-00005183 and where to vote
18FGYEaofqo-00025-00005184-00005369 campaign material that shows a picture
18FGYEaofqo-00026-00005370-00005567 of a ballot paper that is likely to make
18FGYEaofqo-00027-00005568-00005818 someone vote incorrectly is also not
18FGYEaofqo-00028-00005819-00006047 allowed
18FGYEaofqo-00029-00006048-00006329 vec's role to regulate misleading and
18FGYEaofqo-00030-00006330-00006491 deceptive material during an election
18FGYEaofqo-00031-00006492-00006617 period
18FGYEaofqo-00032-00006618-00006892 but it is not the vec's role to
18FGYEaofqo-00033-00006893-00007111 investigate political policy or promises
18FGYEaofqo-00034-00007112-00007306 [Music]
18FGYEaofqo-00035-00007308-00007517 stop and consider the source of any
18FGYEaofqo-00036-00007518-00007733 material or ads you see to help you
18FGYEaofqo-00037-00007734-00007960 decide if you can trust the message if
18FGYEaofqo-00038-00007961-00008159 it is about the election process go to
18FGYEaofqo-00039-00008159-00008327 the most reliable source for your
18FGYEaofqo-00040-00008328-00008609 information the VEC website
18FGYEaofqo-00041-00008610-00008878 so always remember to check the facts to
18FGYEaofqo-00042-00008879-00009031 make sure you're not believing fiction
18FGYEaofqo-00043-00009032-00009264 visit
18FGYEaofqo-00044-00009265-00009697 vec.vic.gov dot a u for more information
1rVuJd5B15o-00000-00000053-00000326 Michael greenstone as an American
1rVuJd5B15o-00001-00000327-00000542 economist and the Milton Friedman
1rVuJd5B15o-00002-00000543-00000811 professor in economics the college and
1rVuJd5B15o-00003-00000813-00001049 the Harris School at the University of
1rVuJd5B15o-00004-00001050-00001475 Chicago moreover he currently February
1rVuJd5B15o-00005-00001476-00001810 2018 serves as director of the Energy
1rVuJd5B15o-00006-00001811-00002066 Policy Institute at the University of
1rVuJd5B15o-00007-00002067-00002339 Chicago epic director of the Becker
1rVuJd5B15o-00008-00002340-00002624 Friedman Institute and acts as co-chair
1rVuJd5B15o-00009-00002625-00002879 of the energy and environment sector at
1rVuJd5B15o-00010-00002880-00003164 MIT subdue Latif Jameel poverty action
1rVuJd5B15o-00011-00003165-00003570 lab j-pal under the first obama
1rVuJd5B15o-00012-00003571-00003841 administration he served on the Council
1rVuJd5B15o-00013-00003842-00004168 of Economic Advisers as chief economist
1rVuJd5B15o-00014-00004169-00004498 his research interests focus on the
1rVuJd5B15o-00015-00004499-00004777 nexus between development economics and
1rVuJd5B15o-00016-00004778-00005490 environmental economics
1rVuJd5B15o-00017-00005491-00006068 topic biography
1rVuJd5B15o-00018-00006069-00006371 a native of the United States Michael
1rVuJd5B15o-00019-00006372-00006665 greenstone earned a BA in economics from
1rVuJd5B15o-00020-00006666-00007100 swathmore College in 1991 and a PhD in
1rVuJd5B15o-00021-00007101-00007378 economics from Princeton University in
1rVuJd5B15o-00022-00007379-00007820 1998 thereafter he worked as a Robert
1rVuJd5B15o-00023-00007820-00008020 Wood Johnson scholar at the University
1rVuJd5B15o-00024-00008022-00008615 of California Berkeley UC B 1998 to 2000
1rVuJd5B15o-00025-00008616-00008858 before becoming an assistant professor
1rVuJd5B15o-00026-00008859-00009077 of economics at the University of
1rVuJd5B15o-00027-00009078-00009641 Chicago 2003 206 in 2006
1rVuJd5B15o-00028-00009642-00009946 greenstone moved to MIT first as
1rVuJd5B15o-00029-00009947-00010373 associate professor 2003 206 and then as
1rVuJd5B15o-00030-00010374-00010631 the 3m professor of environmental
1rVuJd5B15o-00031-00010632-00010969 economics 2006 214
1rVuJd5B15o-00032-00010970-00011258 during his tenure at MIT
1rVuJd5B15o-00033-00011259-00011480 greenstone also held visiting
1rVuJd5B15o-00034-00011481-00011657 appointments at UCB
1rVuJd5B15o-00035-00011658-00011938 the University of California Energy
1rVuJd5B15o-00036-00011939-00012326 Institute and Stanford University most
1rVuJd5B15o-00037-00012327-00012719 recently in 2014 he followed a call back
1rVuJd5B15o-00038-00012720-00013007 to the University of Chicago where he
1rVuJd5B15o-00039-00013008-00013247 was made the Milton Friedman professor
1rVuJd5B15o-00040-00013247-00013568 in economics and the college at the
1rVuJd5B15o-00041-00013569-00013865 University of Chicago he further holds
1rVuJd5B15o-00042-00013866-00014078 positions as director of the Becker
1rVuJd5B15o-00043-00014079-00014396 Friedman Institute for economics vfi
1rVuJd5B15o-00044-00014397-00014654 director of the Energy Policy Institute
1rVuJd5B15o-00045-00014655-00015019 at Chicago epic and faculty director of
1rVuJd5B15o-00046-00015020-00015260 the environment and energy lab at the
1rVuJd5B15o-00047-00015261-00015532 university's urban labs
1rVuJd5B15o-00048-00015533-00015824 additionally greenstone currently serves
1rVuJd5B15o-00049-00015825-00016094 among else as co-chair of Jay pals
1rVuJd5B15o-00050-00016094-00016366 environment and energy sector with mush
1rVuJd5B15o-00051-00016368-00016613 Vick Mobarak director of the Energy
1rVuJd5B15o-00052-00016614-00016853 Research Program at the international
1rVuJd5B15o-00053-00016854-00017219 growth center igc faculty director of
1rVuJd5B15o-00054-00017220-00017489 the e2e project a fellow of the American
1rVuJd5B15o-00055-00017490-00017797 Academy of Arts and Sciences and a
1rVuJd5B15o-00056-00017798-00018019 non-resident senior fellow at the
1rVuJd5B15o-00057-00018020-00018277 Brookings Institution
1rVuJd5B15o-00058-00018278-00018565 in the past he has been eg a chief
1rVuJd5B15o-00059-00018566-00018801 economist on the Council of Economic
1rVuJd5B15o-00060-00018802-00019227 Advisors 2009/10 under the first obama
1rVuJd5B15o-00061-00019228-00019492 administration a member of the advisory
1rVuJd5B15o-00062-00019493-00019762 board to the secretary of energy under
1rVuJd5B15o-00063-00019763-00020142 the trump administration 2015 2:17 a
1rVuJd5B15o-00064-00020143-00020472 co-director of IG sees climate change
1rVuJd5B15o-00065-00020473-00020676 Environment and Natural Resources
1rVuJd5B15o-00066-00020677-00021069 Research Program 2010 to 13 and a
1rVuJd5B15o-00067-00021070-00021388 director of the Hamilton project 2010 to
1rVuJd5B15o-00068-00021389-00021784 13 finally in terms of professional
1rVuJd5B15o-00069-00021785-00022060 service michael greenstone sits on the
1rVuJd5B15o-00070-00022061-00022264 board of editors of the review of
1rVuJd5B15o-00071-00022265-00022528 environmental economics and policy and
1rVuJd5B15o-00072-00022529-00022744 has been an editor of the journal of
1rVuJd5B15o-00073-00022745-00023161 political economy 2015 217 review of
1rVuJd5B15o-00074-00023162-00023551 economics and statistics 2007 to 10 and
1rVuJd5B15o-00075-00023552-00023809 held positions on the boards of editors
1rVuJd5B15o-00076-00023810-00024031 of the american economic journal
1rVuJd5B15o-00077-00024032-00024274 economic policy and the journal of
1rVuJd5B15o-00078-00024275-00024544 economic literature michael greenstone
1rVuJd5B15o-00079-00024545-00024775 as married to Catherine Osment a
1rVuJd5B15o-00080-00024776-00025446 secularist writer
1rVuJd5B15o-00081-00025447-00025984 topic research
1rVuJd5B15o-00082-00025985-00026285 Michael green stones research interests
1rVuJd5B15o-00083-00026286-00026579 include environmental economics energy
1rVuJd5B15o-00084-00026580-00026876 economics public finance development
1rVuJd5B15o-00085-00026877-00027142 economics labor economics and health
1rVuJd5B15o-00086-00027143-00027433 economics in particular he is a pioneer
1rVuJd5B15o-00087-00027434-00027710 of the study of environmental issues in
1rVuJd5B15o-00088-00027711-00028007 developing countries an emerging field
1rVuJd5B15o-00089-00028008-00028499 of enviro Devon omics according to ideas
1rVuJd5B15o-00090-00028500-00028904 repec he currently February 2018 belongs
1rVuJd5B15o-00091-00028905-00029186 to the top 1% of highest ranked
1rVuJd5B15o-00092-00029187-00029407 economists in terms of research
1rVuJd5B15o-00093-00029408-00030030 publications
1rVuJd5B15o-00094-00030031-00030762 topic economic effects of air pollution
1rVuJd5B15o-00095-00030763-00031019 how does air pollution affect economic
1rVuJd5B15o-00096-00031020-00031355 outcomes to investigate this question
1rVuJd5B15o-00097-00031356-00031670 Michael greenstone and Kenneth Y Shea
1rVuJd5B15o-00098-00031672-00031941 use Geographic variation in the
1rVuJd5B15o-00099-00031942-00032189 reduction of air pollution due to the
1rVuJd5B15o-00100-00032189-00032574 1981-82 recession to estimate the impact
1rVuJd5B15o-00101-00032575-00032853 of air pollution on infant mortality in
1rVuJd5B15o-00102-00032854-00033228 the u.s. they find that reducing tsps by
1rVuJd5B15o-00103-00033229-00033672 1% results in a 0.35 percent decline in
1rVuJd5B15o-00104-00033673-00033927 the county level mortality rate of
1rVuJd5B15o-00105-00033928-00034140 infant's with most of the reduction
1rVuJd5B15o-00106-00034141-00034425 concerning newborn deaths in particular
1rVuJd5B15o-00107-00034426-00034812 among Afro Americans in another study
1rVuJd5B15o-00108-00034813-00035076 with shea green stone exploits the
1rVuJd5B15o-00109-00035077-00035502 impact of the u.s. 1970 and 1977
1rVuJd5B15o-00110-00035503-00035730 amendments to the Clean Air Act which
1rVuJd5B15o-00111-00035731-00035946 set a federal ceiling for total
1rVuJd5B15o-00112-00035947-00036324 suspended particulate tsps empowered the
1rVuJd5B15o-00113-00036325-00036591 newly created Environmental Protection
1rVuJd5B15o-00114-00036592-00036935 Agency to designate non-attainment
1rVuJd5B15o-00115-00036936-00037221 counties in excess of that ceiling and
1rVuJd5B15o-00116-00037222-00037482 to impose strict air quality regulations
1rVuJd5B15o-00117-00037483-00037830 on polluters in such counties on housing
1rVuJd5B15o-00118-00037831-00038072 prices to study the relationship between
1rVuJd5B15o-00119-00038073-00038502 housing prices and air quality they find
1rVuJd5B15o-00120-00038503-00038739 that the legislation was effective in
1rVuJd5B15o-00121-00038740-00039069 reducing TSP air pollution and based on
1rVuJd5B15o-00122-00039070-00039333 an elasticity of housing values with
1rVuJd5B15o-00123-00039334-00039675 regard to TSP concentration ranging from
1rVuJd5B15o-00124-00039676-00040191 minus 0.2 0 to minus 0.35 that the
1rVuJd5B15o-00125-00040192-00040557 improvement in air quality between 1970
1rVuJd5B15o-00126-00040558-00040869 and 1980 attributable to the regulations
1rVuJd5B15o-00127-00040870-00041072 imposed under the non-attainment
1rVuJd5B15o-00128-00041073-00041328 designation caused an increase of
1rVuJd5B15o-00129-00041329-00041538 housing values in non-attainment
1rVuJd5B15o-00130-00041539-00041778 counties worth forty five billion
1rVuJd5B15o-00131-00041779-00042213 dollars however greenstone also finds
1rVuJd5B15o-00132-00042214-00042431 that the Clean Air Act's non-attainment
1rVuJd5B15o-00133-00042432-00042723 designation probably played only a minor
1rVuJd5B15o-00134-00042724-00043026 role in the 80% reduction of sulfur
1rVuJd5B15o-00135-00043027-00043422 dioxide so2 concentrations in the United
1rVuJd5B15o-00136-00043423-00043668 States possibly because regulators
1rVuJd5B15o-00137-00043669-00043919 assigned the so2 non-attainment
1rVuJd5B15o-00138-00043920-00044094 designation to many
1rVuJd5B15o-00139-00044095-00044349 counties that hadn't even exceeded so2
1rVuJd5B15o-00140-00044350-00044586 ceilings for a single day and
1rVuJd5B15o-00141-00044587-00044865 consequently didn't impose excessively
1rVuJd5B15o-00142-00044866-00045267 strict regulatory oversight finally
1rVuJd5B15o-00143-00045268-00045564 greenstone also analyzed the impact of
1rVuJd5B15o-00144-00045565-00045966 the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act
1rVuJd5B15o-00145-00045967-00046254 Amendments on industrial activity in the
1rVuJd5B15o-00146-00046255-00046592 US and found that pollution intensive in
1rVuJd5B15o-00147-00046593-00047052 non-attainment counties lost CA five
1rVuJd5B15o-00148-00047053-00047262 hundred ninety thousand jobs
1rVuJd5B15o-00149-00047263-00047502 thirty-seven billion dollars in capital
1rVuJd5B15o-00150-00047503-00047793 stock and seventy five billion dollars
1rVuJd5B15o-00151-00047794-00048093 at nineteen eighty seven US dollars of
1rVuJd5B15o-00152-00048094-00048573 output over 1972 287 as a consequence of
1rVuJd5B15o-00153-00048574-00048776 the greater regulatory oversight
1rVuJd5B15o-00154-00048777-00049522 exercised by EPA
1rVuJd5B15o-00155-00049523-00050268 topic economic effects of climate change
1rVuJd5B15o-00156-00050269-00050592 together with olivier de sheens michael
1rVuJd5B15o-00157-00050593-00050847 greenstone initially found that climate
1rVuJd5B15o-00158-00050848-00051026 change will increase agricultural
1rVuJd5B15o-00159-00051027-00051519 profits in the US over 2010 to 2100 by
1rVuJd5B15o-00160-00051520-00051846 an average of 1.3 billion dollars per
1rVuJd5B15o-00161-00051847-00052194 year in 2002 US dollars and that the
1rVuJd5B15o-00162-00052195-00052440 measurement of climate change effects on
1rVuJd5B15o-00163-00052441-00052710 land prices the hedonic approach is
1rVuJd5B15o-00164-00052711-00052971 extremely sensitive to seemingly minor
1rVuJd5B15o-00165-00052972-00053304 choices about control variables sample
1rVuJd5B15o-00166-00053304-00053676 and waiting however following Fisher
1rVuJd5B15o-00167-00053677-00054045 atolls 2012 critique with regard to data
1rVuJd5B15o-00168-00054046-00054324 coding errors and conceptual oversights
1rVuJd5B15o-00169-00054325-00054735 endings and greenstone 2007 de Sheen's
1rVuJd5B15o-00170-00054736-00055041 and greenstone subsequently re estimated
1rVuJd5B15o-00171-00055041-00055272 climate change to decrease US
1rVuJd5B15o-00172-00055273-00055626 agricultural profits by 4.5 billion
1rVuJd5B15o-00173-00055627-00056116 dollars per year over 2010 to 2100 in
1rVuJd5B15o-00174-00056117-00056325 another collaboration
1rVuJd5B15o-00175-00056326-00056571 greenstone & de xin study the
1rVuJd5B15o-00176-00056572-00056832 relationship between climate change and
1rVuJd5B15o-00177-00056833-00057063 mortality and its mitigation through
1rVuJd5B15o-00178-00057064-00057347 adaptation an estimate that under
1rVuJd5B15o-00179-00057348-00057735 business-as-usual scenarios climate
1rVuJd5B15o-00180-00057736-00057972 change will increase the age adjusted
1rVuJd5B15o-00181-00057973-00058332 mortality rate in the US by 3% by the
1rVuJd5B15o-00182-00058333-00058616 end of the 21st century though this
1rVuJd5B15o-00183-00058617-00058872 effect may be strongly mitigated through
1rVuJd5B15o-00184-00058873-00059141 populations adapting to the expected
1rVuJd5B15o-00185-00059142-00059382 increase in the frequency of extreme
1rVuJd5B15o-00186-00059383-00060022 temperature days
1rVuJd5B15o-00187-00060023-00060759 topic environmental and energy economics
1rVuJd5B15o-00188-00060760-00061059 together with hun Talcott greenstone
1rVuJd5B15o-00189-00061060-00061332 reconsiders the evidence in favor of an
1rVuJd5B15o-00190-00061333-00061584 energy efficiency gap ie whether
1rVuJd5B15o-00191-00061585-00061887 consumers and firms fail to invest as
1rVuJd5B15o-00192-00061888-00062117 much into energy efficiency as the
1rVuJd5B15o-00193-00062119-00062405 expected increases in terms of utility
1rVuJd5B15o-00194-00062407-00062703 or profits due to such investments would
1rVuJd5B15o-00195-00062704-00063005 warrant over all they cannot
1rVuJd5B15o-00196-00063007-00063225 substantiate claims of a widespread
1rVuJd5B15o-00197-00063226-00063489 energy efficiency gap though their
1rVuJd5B15o-00198-00063490-00063755 differentiation of specific investment
1rVuJd5B15o-00199-00063757-00063978 in efficiency types leads them to
1rVuJd5B15o-00200-00063979-00064188 conclude that policies aimed at
1rVuJd5B15o-00201-00064189-00064454 addressing a supposed energy efficiency
1rVuJd5B15o-00202-00064455-00064740 gap must be targeted to those consumer
1rVuJd5B15o-00203-00064741-00065016 subject to investment in efficiencies if
1rVuJd5B15o-00204-00065016-00065253 they are to be at all effective how much
1rVuJd5B15o-00205-00065254-00065538 do people value the removal of hazardous
1rVuJd5B15o-00206-00065539-00065874 wastes investigating this question
1rVuJd5B15o-00207-00065875-00066156 greenstone and Justin Gallagher use a
1rVuJd5B15o-00208-00066157-00066435 regression discontinuity designed to
1rVuJd5B15o-00209-00066436-00066687 compare the reaction of housing market
1rVuJd5B15o-00210-00066688-00066936 prices at hazardous waste sites that
1rVuJd5B15o-00211-00066937-00067176 narrowly qualified to benefit from
1rVuJd5B15o-00212-00067177-00067464 Superfund cleanup Srila t'v to those who
1rVuJd5B15o-00213-00067465-00067836 narrowly missed qualifying they find the
1rVuJd5B15o-00214-00067837-00068097 reaction to be economically small and
1rVuJd5B15o-00215-00068098-00068385 statistically insignificant suggesting
1rVuJd5B15o-00216-00068386-00068598 that the average local benefits of
1rVuJd5B15o-00217-00068599-00068859 Superfund cleanups are likely to be much
1rVuJd5B15o-00218-00068860-00069120 lower than the cleanups average cost of
1rVuJd5B15o-00219-00069121-00069420 43 million dollars in environmental
1rVuJd5B15o-00220-00069421-00069666 economics as well as in other areas
1rVuJd5B15o-00221-00069667-00069933 greenstone has strongly advocated for
1rVuJd5B15o-00222-00069934-00070170 the greater application of quasi
1rVuJd5B15o-00223-00070171-00070473 experimental methods to identify which
1rVuJd5B15o-00224-00070474-00070734 policies are effective and efficient in
1rVuJd5B15o-00225-00070735-00071515 terms of increasing social welfare
1rVuJd5B15o-00226-00071516-00072055 topic miscellany
1rVuJd5B15o-00227-00072056-00072257 how does the opening of a new
1rVuJd5B15o-00228-00072258-00072478 manufacturing plant affect the
1rVuJd5B15o-00229-00072479-00072748 productivity of incumbent manufacturing
1rVuJd5B15o-00230-00072749-00073072 plants studying this question with
1rVuJd5B15o-00231-00073073-00073323 Richard Hornbeck and Enrico Moretti
1rVuJd5B15o-00232-00073324-00073725 greenstone finds that the TFP of
1rVuJd5B15o-00233-00073726-00073962 incumbent plant in counties that were
1rVuJd5B15o-00234-00073963-00074203 selected as the site for the opening of
1rVuJd5B15o-00235-00074204-00074430 a new plant increased twelve percent
1rVuJd5B15o-00236-00074431-00074673 more than in their runner-up competitors
1rVuJd5B15o-00237-00074674-00074937 with the agglomeration spill overs being
1rVuJd5B15o-00238-00074938-00075207 particularly large if the old and new
1rVuJd5B15o-00239-00075208-00075555 plants are similar however they also
1rVuJd5B15o-00240-00075556-00075915 find that the wage growth in winning
1rVuJd5B15o-00241-00075916-00076200 counties caused by the increased local
1rVuJd5B15o-00242-00076201-00076425 labor demand tends to exceed
1rVuJd5B15o-00243-00076426-00076713 productivity growth thus reducing plant
1rVuJd5B15o-00244-00076714-00077067 profits exploiting the 1987 federal
1rVuJd5B15o-00245-00077068-00077325 permission to u.s. states to only raise
1rVuJd5B15o-00246-00077326-00077517 the speed limit on their rural
1rVuJd5B15o-00247-00077518-00078194 interstates from 55 miles per hour CA
1rVuJd5B15o-00248-00078195-00078626 92648
1rVuJd5B15o-00249-00078627-00079092 105 km/h green stone and orally ashen
1rVuJd5B15o-00250-00079093-00079338 filter compared the time saved due to
1rVuJd5B15o-00251-00079339-00079575 the increase in speed limit with the
1rVuJd5B15o-00252-00079576-00079873 increase in fatality rate an increase of
1rVuJd5B15o-00253-00079874-00080367 CA 35 percent to estimate the value of a
1rVuJd5B15o-00254-00080368-00080682 statistical life they find that
1rVuJd5B15o-00255-00080683-00081079 approximately 125,000 hours were saved
1rVuJd5B15o-00256-00081080-00081393 per lost life suggesting if hours saved
1rVuJd5B15o-00257-00081394-00081681 are valued at the average hourly wage an
1rVuJd5B15o-00258-00081682-00081930 upper bound of one point five four
1rVuJd5B15o-00259-00081931-00082338 million dollars in 1997 US dollars as a
1rVuJd5B15o-00260-00082339-00082621 value of a statistical life finally
1rVuJd5B15o-00261-00082622-00082873 green stone Paul Euler and Annette
1rVuJd5B15o-00262-00082874-00083146 Vissing Jorgensen used the extension of
1rVuJd5B15o-00263-00083147-00083410 mandatory disclosure requirements under
1rVuJd5B15o-00264-00083411-00083787 the 1964 Securities Act Amendments from
1rVuJd5B15o-00265-00083788-00084062 listed stock to over-the-counter OTC
1rVuJd5B15o-00266-00084063-00084525 stock trades on stock returns they find
1rVuJd5B15o-00267-00084526-00084772 that the announcement of compliance with
1rVuJd5B15o-00268-00084773-00085086 disclosure requirements by those OTC
1rVuJd5B15o-00269-00085087-00085362 firms most likely to be affected by the
1rVuJd5B15o-00270-00085363-00085444 change
1rVuJd5B15o-00271-00085445-00085714 regulation was accompanied by abnormal
1rVuJd5B15o-00272-00085715-00086281 excess stock returns of CA 3.5% in the
1rVuJd5B15o-00273-00086282-00086500 weeks surrounding the announcement and
1rVuJd5B15o-00274-00086501-00086707 that expectations regarding the
1rVuJd5B15o-00275-00086708-00086971 extension of regulations resulted in
1rVuJd5B15o-00276-00086972-00087273 abnormal excess returns ranging from
1rVuJd5B15o-00277-00087274-00087807 11.5 to 20 to 1% in the period between
1rVuJd5B15o-00278-00087808-00088078 legislative proposal and enforcement
1rVuJd5B15o-00279-00088079-00088375 suggesting large-scale insider trading
1rVuJd5B15o-00280-00088376-00088729 at OTC firms
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1sHaV-s3Wvk-00072-00017679-00017960 you're poor get it girl getting love you
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00073-00017961-00018116 enough unknown you mean order cool
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00074-00018117-00018319 number K letter K and I hear a llama did
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00075-00018320-00018560 I kill I want a flash paneer again I
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00076-00018561-00018769 like anything I want to do fun important
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00077-00018770-00018958 in your country plugin again to sort of
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00078-00018959-00019237 deliver a touch me again
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00079-00019238-00019544 mingle 30 because I look over Maria for
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00080-00019545-00019778 successful luck rip it open I want out
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00081-00019779-00020030 on how hungry I cannot down and say they
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00082-00020031-00020347 would tame in the Paisley in the UT
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00083-00020348-00020506 pocket area Monday and are you punk a
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00084-00020507-00020672 river you now even blinks in Jeddah
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00085-00020673-00020933 grind on a month Ricky believe buddy hug
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00086-00020934-00021161 and it's a mouse or look for him sitting
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00087-00021162-00021337 along you know one day you're on
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00088-00021338-00021475 tomorrow my moon dramarama
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00089-00021476-00021827 general area Nagila if you want to tell
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00090-00021828-00022052 me your chair now arm Pickering if you
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00091-00022053-00022237 little due to knew your love a wooden
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00092-00022238-00022352 table are up over the video
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00093-00022353-00022705 sitting down I think our jeredy Kill
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00094-00022706-00022862 Bill Karamazov prolonged really an
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00095-00022863-00023072 epitome will get three it over a car not
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00096-00023073-00023324 a governance a Kagame karma Ningaloo
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00097-00023325-00023546 crew are commenting on imbruvica window
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00098-00023547-00023747 darkness Kirika gamma tilde
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00099-00023748-00024044 Serena you know original don't know
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00100-00024045-00024365 reported movie video de NW me sharpen on
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00101-00024366-00024604 a subscribe button of so not a crazy
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00102-00024605-00024859 even oscillating a solo Martin all right
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00103-00024860-00025240 in the video yeah share what no no shirt
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00104-00025241-00025429 and debug upon them are you saying
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00105-00025430-00025779 little country in earlier Gurukul
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00106-00025780-00026143 sitting luck either one anomaly a
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00107-00026144-00026413 pre-numbered a hidden in developed our
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00108-00026414-00026689 own ability useful moving an appellee
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00109-00026689-00026989 and I'm BK lovergirl I always say they
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00110-00026989-00027379 mean Gil Panem could come and sitting
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00111-00027380-00028135 low country home so guru brahma whatever
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00112-00028136-00028366 is no well they were guru Maiasaura
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00113-00028367-00028605 boorish a shot parabrahma tasmai
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00114-00028606-00029020 sri-gurave namah go wanna comment early
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00115-00029020-00029527 other are evicted any java community
1sHaV-s3Wvk-00116-00029527-00030175 apart kevin to control media Donna
1sZ3kiieWNg-00000-00000194-00000478 no no
1sZ3kiieWNg-00001-00000479-00000599 you haven't been back in the day with
1sZ3kiieWNg-00002-00000600-00000713 your mama drop you off with your grandma
1sZ3kiieWNg-00003-00000714-00000935 house and forget about you you're gonna
1sZ3kiieWNg-00004-00000936-00001091 get drunk and curse y'all like coming
1sZ3kiieWNg-00005-00001092-00001229 out there with that cigarette hanging at
1sZ3kiieWNg-00006-00001230-00001366 the end I'm like your mommy need to come
1sZ3kiieWNg-00007-00001367-00001655 get y'all with her traveling ass
1sZ3kiieWNg-00008-00001655-00001829 didn't left you over here all weekend
1sZ3kiieWNg-00009-00001830-00002063 she ain't called a check to see if you
1sZ3kiieWNg-00010-00002064-00002597 had no clean clothes said hey cat dog
1sZ3kiieWNg-00011-00002598-00002842 but I put my nightgown on and get your
1sZ3kiieWNg-00012-00002843-00003095 ass in the bed get in the mail your
1sZ3kiieWNg-00013-00003096-00003269 grandma bear about that huh
1sZ3kiieWNg-00014-00003270-00003436 the blank is about that thick the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00015-00003438-00003586 cover's so heavy you can't even turn
1sZ3kiieWNg-00016-00003588-00003886 over you in the bed just stuck I wanna
1sZ3kiieWNg-00017-00003888-00004056 go
1sZ3kiieWNg-00018-00004057-00005122 lay your goddamn hands down
1sZ3kiieWNg-00019-00005123-00005315 let me do this for y'all
1sZ3kiieWNg-00020-00005316-00006610 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00021-00006611-00006937 wait let me tell y'all son it's true
1sZ3kiieWNg-00022-00006938-00007145 Ladera is true I didn't make that up
1sZ3kiieWNg-00023-00007145-00007396 that ain't no joke that's real
1sZ3kiieWNg-00024-00007397-00007733 Ladell go to when he go to my school
1sZ3kiieWNg-00025-00007734-00007955 we went to the same Elementary School I
1sZ3kiieWNg-00026-00007956-00008164 ain't lying now this is how I met little
1sZ3kiieWNg-00027-00008165-00008345 Daryl now you know his teacher my
1sZ3kiieWNg-00028-00008346-00008507 teacher were best friends he was in the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00029-00008508-00008609 special ed
1sZ3kiieWNg-00030-00008610-00008939 so his teacher got sick one day and his
1sZ3kiieWNg-00031-00008940-00009173 teacher asked my teacher would she
1sZ3kiieWNg-00032-00009174-00009377 watched her students so she got the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00033-00009378-00009574 little toys and stuff together and
1sZ3kiieWNg-00034-00009575-00009713 brought them all around there to the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00035-00009714-00009910 class and you know how you had to empty
1sZ3kiieWNg-00036-00009911-00010169 that sin behind you and I'm gonna do a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00037-00010170-00010301 demonstration if I got my good friend
1sZ3kiieWNg-00038-00010302-00010535 Damon Williams very funny comedian from
1sZ3kiieWNg-00039-00010536-00010769 BET kind of you and Def Jam come on out
1sZ3kiieWNg-00040-00010770-00010960 Damon come on show us a love come on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00041-00010961-00011417 y'all show name and some love
1sZ3kiieWNg-00042-00011418-00011705 yeah all right Damon you me all right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00043-00011706-00011849 act like you sitting up here doing your
1sZ3kiieWNg-00044-00011850-00012077 work and little Daryl you know because
1sZ3kiieWNg-00045-00012078-00012299 he said he said he's he said right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00046-00012300-00012455 behind me so I like you doing your work
1sZ3kiieWNg-00047-00012456-00012719 so so you know this eye went down
1sZ3kiieWNg-00048-00012720-00012851 because he started asking me questions
1sZ3kiieWNg-00049-00012852-00013049 if he didn't ask me a hundred questions
1sZ3kiieWNg-00050-00013050-00013325 he didn't say nothing to me at all
1sZ3kiieWNg-00051-00013326-00013486 I'm sitting down trying to do my work
1sZ3kiieWNg-00052-00013487-00014155 here he go you know
1sZ3kiieWNg-00053-00014156-00014585 all right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00054-00014586-00014734 where shall die
1sZ3kiieWNg-00055-00014735-00015463 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00056-00015463-00015676 in love thou
1sZ3kiieWNg-00057-00015677-00016403 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00058-00016404-00016847 and there's your class
1sZ3kiieWNg-00059-00016848-00017034 if that joke takes all over them
1sZ3kiieWNg-00060-00017035-00018035 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00061-00018036-00018622 you're hung over
1sZ3kiieWNg-00062-00018623-00019313 I'm so hung
1sZ3kiieWNg-00063-00019314-00019517 Ry
1sZ3kiieWNg-00064-00019518-00019985 do we all go to lunch
1sZ3kiieWNg-00065-00019986-00021058 we went to lunch today
1sZ3kiieWNg-00066-00021059-00021329 we have some hamburgers
1sZ3kiieWNg-00067-00021330-00021664 french fries fruit cup and we drunk some
1sZ3kiieWNg-00068-00021665-00022444 well
1sZ3kiieWNg-00069-00022445-00022747 you put it
1sZ3kiieWNg-00070-00022748-00023243 you're about to say excuse me
1sZ3kiieWNg-00071-00023244-00023435 and women y'all got to start going back
1sZ3kiieWNg-00072-00023436-00023627 to the old school thing to turning your
1sZ3kiieWNg-00073-00023628-00023753 man on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00074-00023754-00023921 you need to do certain things say
1sZ3kiieWNg-00075-00023922-00024058 certain things you can say to a man to
1sZ3kiieWNg-00076-00024059-00024178 turn them on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00077-00024179-00024353 y'all don't realize you can say stuff
1sZ3kiieWNg-00078-00024354-00024491 make your dick tingle you know what I'm
1sZ3kiieWNg-00079-00024492-00024713 saying she be on the phone when I get
1sZ3kiieWNg-00080-00024714-00024886 home I'm gonna suck that that girl can
1sZ3kiieWNg-00081-00024887-00025072 hold that quit it
1sZ3kiieWNg-00082-00025073-00025205 you're making a tingle you're making a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00083-00025206-00025618 tingle God damn you're making a change
1sZ3kiieWNg-00084-00025619-00025768 you can play with it when you get there
1sZ3kiieWNg-00085-00025769-00026033 come here yeah like he don't want you to
1sZ3kiieWNg-00086-00026033-00026158 grab it he'll be really doing like that
1sZ3kiieWNg-00087-00026160-00026282 come on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00088-00026283-00026590 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00089-00026591-00026777 it's a difference between black and
1sZ3kiieWNg-00090-00026777-00026957 white pornos
1sZ3kiieWNg-00091-00026958-00027107 people say they're not but it's a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00092-00027108-00027329 difference between black and white white
1sZ3kiieWNg-00093-00027330-00027574 pornos have a concept
1sZ3kiieWNg-00094-00027575-00027790 you know how they meant and everything
1sZ3kiieWNg-00095-00027791-00027964 why people got this thing well all right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00096-00027966-00028127 you ever lose that
1sZ3kiieWNg-00097-00028127-00028312 they're like let's have a party well all
1sZ3kiieWNg-00098-00028313-00028764 right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00099-00028766-00029183 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00100-00029183-00029357 but black and white polo it's a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00101-00029358-00029483 different when white pornos come out
1sZ3kiieWNg-00102-00029483-00029723 they meet lady come on hey Carol hey
1sZ3kiieWNg-00103-00029724-00029914 Chuck what's going on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00104-00029916-00030124 Brad told me you was over here well all
1sZ3kiieWNg-00105-00030125-00030251 right
1sZ3kiieWNg-00106-00030252-00030924 then that music come on
1sZ3kiieWNg-00107-00030925-00031151 black pornos are not like that am I
1sZ3kiieWNg-00108-00031152-00031337 bullshitting as soon as you put the tape
1sZ3kiieWNg-00109-00031338-00031687 in match play click click click
1sZ3kiieWNg-00110-00031688-00032068 looking all in the camera
1sZ3kiieWNg-00111-00032069-00032687 oh
1sZ3kiieWNg-00112-00032688-00033209 you go back to the Whiteboard
1sZ3kiieWNg-00113-00033210-00033401 you go to jail too much don't get me
1sZ3kiieWNg-00114-00033402-00033533 wrong I've been to jail but I do a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00115-00033534-00033652 little time
1sZ3kiieWNg-00116-00033653-00033845 cause I do a little crime
1sZ3kiieWNg-00117-00033846-00034024 I go to jail for like eating in a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00118-00034025-00034174 supermarket
1sZ3kiieWNg-00119-00034175-00034337 don't laugh all of us do this I'm
1sZ3kiieWNg-00120-00034338-00034523 the only got caught
1sZ3kiieWNg-00121-00034524-00034673 you know you're going to supermarket eat
1sZ3kiieWNg-00122-00034674-00034817 a couple grapes
1sZ3kiieWNg-00123-00034818-00035002 have a few cookies
1sZ3kiieWNg-00124-00035003-00035309 make a sandwich use some of the lotion
1sZ3kiieWNg-00125-00035310-00035579 put it back on the counter
1sZ3kiieWNg-00126-00035580-00035968 is there 45 free that's my
1sZ3kiieWNg-00127-00035969-00036190 talking about time white people be
1sZ3kiieWNg-00128-00036191-00036431 giving out some times like his minutes
1sZ3kiieWNg-00129-00036432-00036617 that's why I'd be watching Court TV they
1sZ3kiieWNg-00130-00036618-00036773 gave a a double life he was a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00131-00036774-00036946 soldier though that took it like
1sZ3kiieWNg-00132-00036947-00037090 it was 30 days
1sZ3kiieWNg-00133-00037091-00037324 like you Tyrone got double life the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00134-00037469-00037715 like it was a shot of liquor
1sZ3kiieWNg-00135-00037716-00037877 I'd have passed out like a oh
1sZ3kiieWNg-00136-00037878-00038068 Jesus
1sZ3kiieWNg-00137-00038069-00038309 that white man say double line how the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00138-00038310-00038501 you gonna do double life I mean
1sZ3kiieWNg-00139-00038502-00038765 even if you come back you got to do time
1sZ3kiieWNg-00140-00038766-00039046 what's my motivation crazy crazy
1sZ3kiieWNg-00141-00039047-00039221 country going through some crazy
1sZ3kiieWNg-00142-00039222-00039407 and I'm telling you white people that's
1sZ3kiieWNg-00143-00039408-00039611 here tonight y'all doing some good
1sZ3kiieWNg-00144-00039612-00039815 y'all mixing and mingling with the black
1sZ3kiieWNg-00145-00039816-00039959 people cause I'm gonna tell you
1sZ3kiieWNg-00146-00039960-00040127 something about black people we don't
1sZ3kiieWNg-00147-00040128-00040337 panic when the start getting crazy
1sZ3kiieWNg-00148-00040338-00040540 now watch the economy getting ready to
1sZ3kiieWNg-00149-00040541-00040721 get up watch the white people
1sZ3kiieWNg-00150-00040722-00040901 gonna start jumping out of Windows
1sZ3kiieWNg-00151-00040902-00041068 jumping off of bridges taking
1sZ3kiieWNg-00152-00041069-00041285 hostage they gonna go
1sZ3kiieWNg-00153-00041286-00041543 crazy because they money up now
1sZ3kiieWNg-00154-00041544-00041699 black people see when our money get
1sZ3kiieWNg-00155-00041700-00041993 up we just have chicken dinners
1sZ3kiieWNg-00156-00041994-00042287 fish fries sell a little weed it's a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00157-00042288-00042490 little on the side we ain't trying
1sZ3kiieWNg-00158-00042491-00042977 to up
1sZ3kiieWNg-00159-00042978-00043211 white people y'all got to start watching
1sZ3kiieWNg-00160-00043212-00043433 black people watch how we survive
1sZ3kiieWNg-00161-00043434-00043649 through this I'm telling
1sZ3kiieWNg-00162-00043650-00043871 you I learned this by watching CNN
1sZ3kiieWNg-00163-00043872-00044117 I was watching the Enron account
1sZ3kiieWNg-00164-00044118-00044273 and that was on there talking about the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00165-00044274-00044512 Fortune 500 company where they fooled
1sZ3kiieWNg-00166-00044513-00044668 their employees about their financial
1sZ3kiieWNg-00167-00044669-00044933 earnings the white lady on this
1sZ3kiieWNg-00168-00044934-00045190 was destroyed this was crying she
1sZ3kiieWNg-00169-00045191-00045457 was like I can't believe that they
1sZ3kiieWNg-00170-00045458-00045761 misrepresented their financial earnings
1sZ3kiieWNg-00171-00045762-00045911 I'm sitting there like that's
1sZ3kiieWNg-00172-00045912-00046217 called balling
1sZ3kiieWNg-00173-00046218-00046462 I gotta teach you young players
1sZ3kiieWNg-00174-00046463-00046679 how to impress women it's a little
1sZ3kiieWNg-00175-00046680-00046829 you can do
1sZ3kiieWNg-00176-00046830-00047045 women like little so you wake a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00177-00047046-00047267 woman up by four o'clock in the morning
1sZ3kiieWNg-00178-00047268-00047458 you said baby
1sZ3kiieWNg-00179-00047459-00047676 wanna go to Walmart
1sZ3kiieWNg-00180-00047677-00048030 [Applause]
1sZ3kiieWNg-00181-00048031-00048280 are jump smooth the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00182-00048281-00048430 up
1sZ3kiieWNg-00183-00048431-00048749 jump up range off
1sZ3kiieWNg-00184-00048750-00049012 oh don't don't y'all try to act like
1sZ3kiieWNg-00185-00049013-00049205 y'all don't know what the wrenching
1sZ3kiieWNg-00186-00049206-00049433 off is
1sZ3kiieWNg-00187-00049434-00049630 some of y'all arranged off before you
1sZ3kiieWNg-00188-00049631-00049799 come down here
1sZ3kiieWNg-00189-00049800-00050074 do I need to break down reaching off to
1sZ3kiieWNg-00190-00050075-00050195 you Nast dad
1sZ3kiieWNg-00191-00050196-00050417 that's when you go to the sink
1sZ3kiieWNg-00192-00050418-00050645 you soak up the rag
1sZ3kiieWNg-00193-00050646-00050957 don't you oh y'all think y'all this
1sZ3kiieWNg-00194-00050958-00051161 don't act like you ain't never race the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00195-00051162-00051449 off you soaked up real
1sZ3kiieWNg-00196-00051450-00051754 good and you hit the hot spot don't act
1sZ3kiieWNg-00197-00051755-00051875 like y'all don't know the hot
1sZ3kiieWNg-00198-00051876-00052438 spots God damn it bam bam bam bam
1sZ3kiieWNg-00199-00052439-00052709 do I need to go over that again
1sZ3kiieWNg-00200-00052710-00052954 show me that
1sZ3kiieWNg-00201-00052955-00053273 hit the hot spots Bam Bam Bam Bam put
1sZ3kiieWNg-00202-00053274-00053873 back on the same you had earlier
1sZ3kiieWNg-00203-00053874-00054047 we handle different because we got
1sZ3kiieWNg-00204-00054048-00054173 different experiences see you ain't
1sZ3kiieWNg-00205-00054174-00054275 nothing but
1sZ3kiieWNg-00206-00054276-00054442 of your life's experiences that's all
1sZ3kiieWNg-00207-00054444-00054604 you are all you are the you've been
1sZ3kiieWNg-00208-00054605-00054719 through and that's the way you see the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00209-00054720-00054832 world that's why white folks they got a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00210-00054833-00054982 different perspective they talk to the
1sZ3kiieWNg-00211-00054983-00055103 police crazy in the you
1sZ3kiieWNg-00212-00055104-00055325 ever said hurry up and write the goddamn
1sZ3kiieWNg-00213-00055326-00055588 Tigger you son of a
1sZ3kiieWNg-00214-00055589-00055792 pig
1sZ3kiieWNg-00215-00055794-00056099 give me your badge number
1sZ3kiieWNg-00216-00056100-00056321 oh that don't work for black bro do
1sZ3kiieWNg-00217-00056322-00056423 it
1sZ3kiieWNg-00218-00056424-00056938 give me a bathtub
1sZ3kiieWNg-00219-00056939-00057107 thank you
1sZ3kiieWNg-00220-00057108-00057413 I don't want it anymore
1sZ3kiieWNg-00221-00057414-00057641 I'll never watch the practice again
1sZ3kiieWNg-00222-00057641-00057924 [Applause]
1uAlr15MHrM-00000-00000000-00000241 I didn't put a snail with your vitamin
1uAlr15MHrM-00001-00000242-00000428 right fitting I don't know English under
1uAlr15MHrM-00002-00000429-00000545 zero today
1uAlr15MHrM-00003-00000546-00000883 I don't I didn't mean it's not clever
1uAlr15MHrM-00004-00000884-00001345 but the macho key at all incorrigible
1uAlr15MHrM-00005-00001346-00001514 and getting good integration whatever
1uAlr15MHrM-00006-00001515-00001648 you happy where I should have it
1uAlr15MHrM-00007-00001648-00002822 remember your dad tell me about yourself
1uAlr15MHrM-00008-00002823-00003160 my good name varam Missa Michael I'm
1uAlr15MHrM-00009-00003161-00003470 good name a doughnut I have two men made
1uAlr15MHrM-00010-00003471-00004004 whenever my good name is secret I am
1uAlr15MHrM-00011-00004004-00004090 fast bowler
1uAlr15MHrM-00012-00004092-00004376 many experts batsmen always appreciate
1uAlr15MHrM-00013-00004377-00005063 my ball my identity my little quicker I
1uAlr15MHrM-00014-00005064-00005392 don't give up i'ma go missing music
1uAlr15MHrM-00015-00005393-00005651 songs like slow songs and especially
1uAlr15MHrM-00016-00005652-00005872 moody songs what work experience do you
1uAlr15MHrM-00017-00005873-00006302 have work experience the last I work
1uAlr15MHrM-00018-00006303-00006488 with rooster a machete worry he's a
1uAlr15MHrM-00019-00006489-00007035 farmer we grew pumpkin brinjaul
1uAlr15MHrM-00020-00007036-00007449 ladyfingers big fingers
1uAlr15MHrM-00021-00007450-00007834 welcome what do we do now Olivia bangle
1uAlr15MHrM-00022-00007836-00008087 me da king baby a bigger fingers
1uAlr15MHrM-00023-00008088-00008598 eventually
1uAlr15MHrM-00024-00008599-00008914 so tell me about yourself good morning
1uAlr15MHrM-00025-00008915-00009174 madam ji i'm Vijender donor from
1uAlr15MHrM-00026-00009175-00009375 Panchkula Ariana
1uAlr15MHrM-00027-00009376-00009912 we are land family Jimmy de and all land
1uAlr15MHrM-00028-00009913-00010346 gone now mother gone father wound can I
1uAlr15MHrM-00029-00010347-00010557 am Dan Thank You Jeremy a predatory
1uAlr15MHrM-00030-00010558-00010854 problem did not accompany Nikki I hate
1uAlr15MHrM-00031-00010855-00011138 that you can't forget real ingenuity or
1uAlr15MHrM-00032-00011139-00011658 magic my OB watching only movies
1uAlr15MHrM-00033-00011659-00012132 I mean movie camera with me but every
1uAlr15MHrM-00034-00012133-00012999 attack madam-ji I'm I am old
1uAlr15MHrM-00035-00013000-00013365 construction construction come nature to
1uAlr15MHrM-00036-00013366-00013737 me come to me from each other I said to
1uAlr15MHrM-00037-00013738-00014088 make creative come furniture and madamji
1uAlr15MHrM-00038-00014088-00014480 I have deep knowledge Madame deep and if
1uAlr15MHrM-00039-00014481-00014822 you keep vision the video you are
1uAlr15MHrM-00040-00014823-00015159 finished for me yeah my jackets full
1uAlr15MHrM-00041-00015160-00015363 game a Leafman never a crusade now cut
1uAlr15MHrM-00042-00015363-00015731 them Jesus there is one thing in Ariana
1uAlr15MHrM-00043-00015732-00016041 this summit this reality to do they
1uAlr15MHrM-00044-00016041-00016233 occur not only the madamji
1uAlr15MHrM-00045-00016234-00016569 most of the time I lift up all the way
1uAlr15MHrM-00046-00016570-00016781 deal Jim Maddie I went to ask about your
1uAlr15MHrM-00047-00016782-00017297 professional qualities Madame D I'm
1uAlr15MHrM-00048-00017298-00017727 professional but construction is for man
1uAlr15MHrM-00049-00017728-00018000 man and a man that will take you will
1uAlr15MHrM-00050-00018001-00018203 add meet us at the reception daughter
1uAlr15MHrM-00051-00018204-00018492 camera two they're not able to get a tub
1uAlr15MHrM-00052-00018493-00018938 no honey
1uAlr15MHrM-00053-00018939-00019221 hi so tell me about yourself
1uAlr15MHrM-00054-00019222-00019745 sir I am sitting in front of yourself
1uAlr15MHrM-00055-00019746-00020034 with me sailor kitties how many buddies
1uAlr15MHrM-00056-00020035-00020268 really evaluated once again because I
1uAlr15MHrM-00057-00020269-00020736 said we'll ask me what is my face on I
1uAlr15MHrM-00058-00020737-00021126 wish I could join you be a guy to quit
1uAlr15MHrM-00059-00021127-00021717 for somebody but sky for me my little
1uAlr15MHrM-00060-00021718-00022098 boy I can I will make Egypt in Egypt be
1uAlr15MHrM-00061-00022099-00022305 a little sky plant some cattle and go
1uAlr15MHrM-00062-00022306-00022506 but I'd much better day
1uAlr15MHrM-00063-00022507-00022764 I studied tenth sir so this is rubidium
1uAlr15MHrM-00064-00022765-00023010 under graduate Cambridge Institute
1uAlr15MHrM-00065-00023011-00023337 Karachi not from England no T no why you
1uAlr15MHrM-00066-00023338-00023942 came by much lucky upse exam area by the
1uAlr15MHrM-00067-00023943-00024213 leading scientist okay so what
1uAlr15MHrM-00068-00024214-00024513 disability were like super scientist
1uAlr15MHrM-00069-00024514-00024543 Anna
1uAlr15MHrM-00070-00024544-00024780 donaga do I don't venture that back in a
1uAlr15MHrM-00071-00024781-00025176 guard cookie whenever da line good job
1uAlr15MHrM-00072-00025177-00025503 ie right door telephone combat and make
1uAlr15MHrM-00073-00025504-00025827 the line good it cannot happen
1uAlr15MHrM-00074-00025827-00026039 Japanese was pretty good making it
1uAlr15MHrM-00075-00026041-00026312 combine it definitely Cuba Thank You
1uAlr15MHrM-00076-00026313-00026430 Angela
1uAlr15MHrM-00077-00026431-00026765 and also I collect pan masala reports I
1uAlr15MHrM-00078-00026766-00027204 have a huge collection almost 2000
1uAlr15MHrM-00079-00027205-00027458 Nichkhun abhi I got tuna dude and
1uAlr15MHrM-00080-00027460-00027620 connect with arena those kind of any
1uAlr15MHrM-00081-00027622-00027810 convent education director Chris Kelly I
1uAlr15MHrM-00082-00027811-00028017 didn't remember anymore a bit of a my
1uAlr15MHrM-00083-00028018-00028289 boy you collected two thousand kilometer
1uAlr15MHrM-00084-00028291-00028544 what a plan please no climax for G song
1uAlr15MHrM-00085-00028545-00028895 okay and can you shift to a month then
1uAlr15MHrM-00086-00028897-00029079 you have any problems shifting to a
1uAlr15MHrM-00087-00029080-00029408 month sir I do not have any problem to
1uAlr15MHrM-00088-00029410-00029898 seek nur sifting approach country but I
1uAlr15MHrM-00089-00029899-00030317 will not change my religion be crabby
1uAlr15MHrM-00090-00030318-00030567 religion a little bit a passion you
1uAlr15MHrM-00091-00030568-00030738 dreamscape meter you can change from
1uAlr15MHrM-00092-00030739-00030879 making what's really gonna try to make
1uAlr15MHrM-00093-00030880-00031101 it to change a video or any kinda gave
1uAlr15MHrM-00094-00031102-00031598 me my resignation letter ready from BSN
1uAlr15MHrM-00095-00031599-00031908 okay so then we'll get back to you Sarah
1uAlr15MHrM-00096-00031908-00032124 I am getting the job now we'll get back
1uAlr15MHrM-00097-00032125-00032289 to you thank you thank you
1uAlr15MHrM-00098-00032289-00032958 much more tailored hi hi my son
1uAlr15MHrM-00099-00032959-00033345 Willa stomach I'm from Kolhapur do you
1uAlr15MHrM-00100-00033346-00033648 think of Morristown
1uAlr15MHrM-00101-00033649-00033806 I'm pretty sure I've added to the lab a
1uAlr15MHrM-00102-00033807-00034464 pattern a Dean and I sold this Ling tell
1uAlr15MHrM-00103-00034465-00034986 me a little about your work I am forcing
1uAlr15MHrM-00104-00034987-00035259 up so many credit even like Lani and
1uAlr15MHrM-00105-00035260-00035502 Bunga my name is corporal Anthony J the
1uAlr15MHrM-00106-00035503-00035646 little [__] to comment section about
1uAlr15MHrM-00107-00035647-00035934 that yeah you know decide not on the
1uAlr15MHrM-00108-00035935-00036270 most famous notic was I suffered his
1uAlr15MHrM-00109-00036271-00036450 most successful not again colorful
1uAlr15MHrM-00110-00036451-00036864 I always winner of language further they
1uAlr15MHrM-00111-00036865-00037302 are we here I even talk to Madame
1uAlr15MHrM-00112-00037303-00037577 aluminum our own car on phone but that
1uAlr15MHrM-00113-00037578-00037899 thing was never happen so why do you
1uAlr15MHrM-00114-00037900-00038124 think you should be a creative officer
1uAlr15MHrM-00115-00038125-00039446 because I am creative team player I look
1uAlr15MHrM-00116-00039447-00039746 thing differently have you worked for
1uAlr15MHrM-00117-00039747-00040227 clients of course ma'am we got sponsor
1uAlr15MHrM-00118-00040228-00040558 for our not a completely handling
1uAlr15MHrM-00119-00040559-00040964 browser logo poster and all other
1uAlr15MHrM-00120-00040965-00041483 requirement creative I did for all the
1uAlr15MHrM-00121-00041484-00041877 newer just in Sharjah yes of course now
1uAlr15MHrM-00122-00041878-00042267 I can adjust early there but yes
1uAlr15MHrM-00123-00042268-00042608 respected ma'am if you had just caught
1uAlr15MHrM-00124-00042609-00042981 her for living I will be bring my wife
1uAlr15MHrM-00125-00042982-00043339 also and my children and so it's more
1uAlr15MHrM-00126-00043340-00043812 adjustable for me thank you
1uAlr15MHrM-00127-00043813-00044398 Thank You India they wanted a procedure
1uAlr15MHrM-00128-00044399-00044569 that everyone Oh put him in jail I want
1uAlr15MHrM-00129-00044570-00044830 people ND i put me but to me video up
1uAlr15MHrM-00130-00044831-00045037 need and a video and i quote to legato
1uAlr15MHrM-00131-00045038-00045259 solution filagot don't want me getting a
1uAlr15MHrM-00132-00045260-00045430 baby but that's a little bit under go
1uAlr15MHrM-00133-00045431-00045829 ahead shoot yeah got something thank you
1uAlr15MHrM-00134-00045830-00046072 guys for watching this video and share
1uAlr15MHrM-00135-00046073-00046393 comment daughter share card in Hawaii
1uAlr15MHrM-00136-00046394-00046798 has each led by up me my studi other
1uAlr15MHrM-00137-00046799-00047040 subscribers out the way attended a
1uAlr15MHrM-00138-00047041-00047290 second video every minute or the also
1uAlr15MHrM-00139-00047291-00047488 channel milk went bad name at some good
1uAlr15MHrM-00140-00047489-00047686 smack on each a commenter fairy suggest
1uAlr15MHrM-00141-00047687-00047845 further to make his sister but I won't
1uAlr15MHrM-00142-00047846-00048097 mean extra little longer man
1uAlr15MHrM-00143-00048098-00048355 alright I wasn't wearing this Jersey g8o
1uAlr15MHrM-00144-00048356-00048715 me Jay hashtag to Little Neck somebody
1uAlr15MHrM-00145-00048716-00048885 younger k appreciate all my favor
1uAlr15MHrM-00146-00048886-00049213 Nathan tendon longer a JavaScript
1uAlr15MHrM-00147-00049214-00049543 [Music]
1uAlr15MHrM-00148-00049544-00049952 [Laughter]
1vj0fO_vXl0-00000-00000224-00000399 this next lecture is all about cost
1vj0fO_vXl0-00001-00000400-00000551 centers
1vj0fO_vXl0-00002-00000552-00000726 cost centers are used to identify and
1vj0fO_vXl0-00003-00000727-00000943 break down job costs
1vj0fO_vXl0-00004-00000944-00001191 next week our lecture is about creating
1vj0fO_vXl0-00005-00001192-00001447 a budget hourly rate it's called a bhr
1vj0fO_vXl0-00006-00001448-00001639 and you need to be able to identify cost
1vj0fO_vXl0-00007-00001639-00001807 centers before you can identify a
1vj0fO_vXl0-00008-00001807-00002118 budgeted hourly rate
1vj0fO_vXl0-00009-00002119-00002375 our objectives for today are to define
1vj0fO_vXl0-00010-00002376-00002567 what a cost center is i would like to
1vj0fO_vXl0-00011-00002568-00002718 point out that your homework this week
1vj0fO_vXl0-00012-00002719-00002926 asks you to define cost center you
1vj0fO_vXl0-00013-00002927-00003126 should not copy it word for word i want
1vj0fO_vXl0-00014-00003127-00003406 you to translate it into your own words
1vj0fO_vXl0-00015-00003407-00003622 tell me that you understand it
1vj0fO_vXl0-00016-00003623-00003751 pretend that you're explaining it to
1vj0fO_vXl0-00017-00003752-00003959 someone who doesn't have any idea what
1vj0fO_vXl0-00018-00003960-00004111 we're talking about in the simplest
1vj0fO_vXl0-00019-00004112-00004295 terms possible
1vj0fO_vXl0-00020-00004296-00004486 we'll then work on identifying printing
1vj0fO_vXl0-00021-00004487-00004719 company cost centers
1vj0fO_vXl0-00022-00004720-00004943 for this some of you may feel
1vj0fO_vXl0-00023-00004944-00005118 uncomfortable or it might seem foreign
1vj0fO_vXl0-00024-00005119-00005247 to you because you don't work in the
1vj0fO_vXl0-00025-00005248-00005438 printing industry
1vj0fO_vXl0-00026-00005439-00005583 but what you should take out of it is
1vj0fO_vXl0-00027-00005584-00005791 that you can apply it to any industry it
1vj0fO_vXl0-00028-00005792-00006054 doesn't matter if it's printing or
1vj0fO_vXl0-00029-00006055-00006302 or a tech company or a plumbing company
1vj0fO_vXl0-00030-00006303-00006454 whatever it is they're all going to have
1vj0fO_vXl0-00031-00006455-00006646 costs that you have to pay for
1vj0fO_vXl0-00032-00006647-00006814 will then calculate if a company is
1vj0fO_vXl0-00033-00006815-00007103 profitable or if they lose money based
1vj0fO_vXl0-00034-00007104-00007319 on known debits and credits
1vj0fO_vXl0-00035-00007320-00007478 and then last but not least we'll work
1vj0fO_vXl0-00036-00007479-00007663 on identifying cost centers in our very
1vj0fO_vXl0-00037-00007664-00007895 own lives that's your quiz for this
1vj0fO_vXl0-00038-00007895-00008134 section so make sure that you pay close
1vj0fO_vXl0-00039-00008136-00008431 attention to that
1vj0fO_vXl0-00040-00008432-00008639 so what is a cost center a cost center
1vj0fO_vXl0-00041-00008640-00008807 is a grouped area of interest within an
1vj0fO_vXl0-00042-00008808-00008999 organization that costs the company
1vj0fO_vXl0-00043-00009000-00009206 money so on the right hand side here i
1vj0fO_vXl0-00044-00009207-00009503 have some pictures i have a secretary at
1vj0fO_vXl0-00045-00009504-00009614 the top
1vj0fO_vXl0-00046-00009615-00009871 she costs the company money a janitor
1vj0fO_vXl0-00047-00009872-00010087 maybe a sales person at the bottom
1vj0fO_vXl0-00048-00010088-00010231 but it doesn't have to be a person it
1vj0fO_vXl0-00049-00010232-00010614 could be a printing press it could be
1vj0fO_vXl0-00050-00010615-00010814 all the tools that a plumber uses at his
1vj0fO_vXl0-00051-00010815-00010959 business anything that
1vj0fO_vXl0-00052-00010960-00011206 a company has to pay for it has to be
1vj0fO_vXl0-00053-00011207-00011383 identified in a call center so they can
1vj0fO_vXl0-00054-00011384-00011551 budget for it
1vj0fO_vXl0-00055-00011552-00011759 some cost centers cost the company money
1vj0fO_vXl0-00056-00011760-00011910 and are never able to recoup their own
1vj0fO_vXl0-00057-00011911-00012135 costs like secretaries janitors managers
1vj0fO_vXl0-00058-00012136-00012246 etc
1vj0fO_vXl0-00059-00012247-00012487 everything these employees do
1vj0fO_vXl0-00060-00012488-00012670 will cost the company money they're not
1vj0fO_vXl0-00061-00012671-00012935 bringing in any revenue
1vj0fO_vXl0-00062-00012936-00013119 but other cost centers like salesman are
1vj0fO_vXl0-00063-00013119-00013255 responsible for generating enough
1vj0fO_vXl0-00064-00013256-00013463 revenue to keep the company profitable
1vj0fO_vXl0-00065-00013463-00013638 so when we talk about a salesman if he
1vj0fO_vXl0-00066-00013640-00013799 brings in 10 million dollars worth of
1vj0fO_vXl0-00067-00013800-00013943 printing in a year he doesn't get to
1vj0fO_vXl0-00068-00013944-00014207 keep 10 million dollars he only gets 10
1vj0fO_vXl0-00069-00014208-00014383 that other 90
1vj0fO_vXl0-00070-00014384-00014599 goes to cover the cost for the secretary
1vj0fO_vXl0-00071-00014600-00014766 the cost for the janitor the cost for
1vj0fO_vXl0-00072-00014768-00014966 the computers and the equipment the
1vj0fO_vXl0-00073-00014968-00015238 printing press um for
1vj0fO_vXl0-00074-00015240-00015415 the mortgage on the building that they
1vj0fO_vXl0-00075-00015416-00015638 have to pay every month
1vj0fO_vXl0-00076-00015640-00015830 none of those things generate any money
1vj0fO_vXl0-00077-00015831-00015983 so when a salesman generates money it
1vj0fO_vXl0-00078-00015984-00016238 has to cover everything else that the
1vj0fO_vXl0-00079-00016240-00016636 company has to pay for
1vy807w2_RU-00000-00000389-00000615 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00001-00000616-00000767 do
1vy807w2_RU-00002-00000768-00003155 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00003-00003156-00003221 [Applause]
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1vy807w2_RU-00006-00012394-00013874 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00007-00013875-00014501 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00008-00014502-00014822 [Music]
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1vy807w2_RU-00012-00021849-00024135 [Music]
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1vy807w2_RU-00060-00088316-00091207 [Music]
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1vy807w2_RU-00064-00095658-00097438 [Music]
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1vy807w2_RU-00066-00098024-00098705 [Laughter]
1vy807w2_RU-00067-00098706-00100655 [Music]
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1vy807w2_RU-00106-00160332-00160445 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00108-00165800-00166053 so
1vy807w2_RU-00109-00166054-00167063 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00110-00167064-00167281 so
1vy807w2_RU-00111-00167282-00168014 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00112-00168015-00168171 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00113-00168172-00168647 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00114-00168648-00168782 so
1vy807w2_RU-00115-00168783-00170799 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00117-00174192-00174336 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00118-00174337-00174748 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00119-00174749-00174945 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00120-00174946-00175663 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00121-00175664-00175836 so
1vy807w2_RU-00122-00175837-00176504 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00123-00176505-00177359 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00124-00177360-00177536 my
1vy807w2_RU-00125-00177537-00179199 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00126-00179200-00179697 with
1vy807w2_RU-00127-00179698-00179965 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00128-00179966-00180007 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00129-00180008-00180432 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00130-00180433-00180654 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00131-00180655-00180800 bye
1vy807w2_RU-00132-00180801-00181999 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00133-00182000-00182137 foreign
1vy807w2_RU-00134-00182138-00182912 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00135-00182913-00183599 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00136-00183600-00184517 uh
1vy807w2_RU-00137-00184518-00185073 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00138-00185074-00185209 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00139-00185210-00185552 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00140-00185553-00186757 [Applause]
1vy807w2_RU-00141-00186758-00187575 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00142-00187576-00188488 bye
1vy807w2_RU-00143-00188489-00190543 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00144-00190544-00191087 [Music]
1vy807w2_RU-00145-00191088-00191296 you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00000-00000000-00000238 all really humane people admit that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00001-00000239-00000665 they're Rascals that's you see on the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00002-00000666-00000994 side of the not respectable the selfish
1w7jqvfHHjy-00003-00000994-00001436 but so also all humane people should
1w7jqvfHHjy-00004-00001437-00001739 admit that they're Joker's that they're
1w7jqvfHHjy-00005-00001739-00002216 playing games and playing tricks that I
1w7jqvfHHjy-00006-00002217-00002465 am doing it on you I am most ready to
1w7jqvfHHjy-00007-00002466-00002816 admit this I hoaxed you all into coming
1w7jqvfHHjy-00008-00002817-00003899 here to tell you what this was a trap
1w7jqvfHHjy-00009-00003900-00004231 you see but I'm going to make it an
1w7jqvfHHjy-00010-00004232-00004579 entertaining trap so that you won't feel
1w7jqvfHHjy-00011-00004580-00005020 so badly about it now this is philosophy
1w7jqvfHHjy-00012-00005021-00005479 but I think philosophy is like music you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00013-00005480-00005642 go to a concert and you listen to
1w7jqvfHHjy-00014-00005643-00005870 somebody play Bach or Mozart or
1w7jqvfHHjy-00015-00005871-00006317 Beethoven and what's all that about you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00016-00006318-00006644 know it isn't about anything except dddd
1w7jqvfHHjy-00017-00006645-00006973 dddd dddd you know that's what it's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00018-00006975-00007526 about and so in the same way as I
1w7jqvfHHjy-00019-00007527-00007792 conceive my work as a philosopher I'm
1w7jqvfHHjy-00020-00007793-00008228 simply pointing out that existence is
1w7jqvfHHjy-00021-00008229-00008446 the same kind of a thing as a bar
1w7jqvfHHjy-00022-00008447-00008939 convention it's going this way and that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00023-00008940-00009160 way and hills and waters going to
1w7jqvfHHjy-00024-00009161-00009346 jejejejejejeje all out there and the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00025-00009347-00009605 fish are going around in it and reading
1w7jqvfHHjy-00026-00009606-00009874 and the duck so doing this that and the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00027-00009875-00010174 other and that's the same thing as dddd
1w7jqvfHHjy-00028-00010175-00011369 dddd dddd see so uh if you can admit
1w7jqvfHHjy-00029-00011370-00011764 that that that's what it's all about you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00030-00011765-00012119 have a little problem because there's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00031-00012120-00012313 not only the threat that it really might
1w7jqvfHHjy-00032-00012314-00012463 be serious and that you shouldn't be
1w7jqvfHHjy-00033-00012464-00012660 laughing about this
1w7jqvfHHjy-00034-00012661-00013205 there's also a kind of opposite then are
1w7jqvfHHjy-00035-00013206-00013511 you saying it's merely just fiddling
1w7jqvfHHjy-00036-00013512-00014018 around think I mean you're saying it's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00037-00014019-00014377 only a game is that all there is to it
1w7jqvfHHjy-00038-00014378-00014666 no what do you think you see this again
1w7jqvfHHjy-00039-00014666-00014875 is a question that everybody has to
1w7jqvfHHjy-00040-00014876-00015304 think things through what did you want
1w7jqvfHHjy-00041-00015305-00015677 didn't you want a gain did you want it
1w7jqvfHHjy-00042-00015678-00016112 to be serious in the end what I mean
1w7jqvfHHjy-00043-00016113-00016444 think about the question what kind of a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00044-00016445-00016835 thing would you like God to be what
1w7jqvfHHjy-00045-00016836-00017290 would you like to do for eternity really
1w7jqvfHHjy-00046-00017291-00017855 here is a young van Eyck who paints the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00047-00017856-00018028 eschatological picture of the Last
1w7jqvfHHjy-00048-00018029-00018512 Judgment what a strange man he must have
1w7jqvfHHjy-00049-00018513-00018788 been we hear is heaven above and hell
1w7jqvfHHjy-00050-00018789-00019193 below and in heaven hears God the Father
1w7jqvfHHjy-00051-00019194-00019415 God the Son God the Holy Ghost all there
1w7jqvfHHjy-00052-00019416-00019594 together and the Virgin Mary and the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00053-00019595-00019781 Apostles and they're all sitting in
1w7jqvfHHjy-00054-00019782-00020165 committee and they have an aisle you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00055-00020166-00020330 notice like in church and there they are
1w7jqvfHHjy-00056-00020331-00020483 facing each other and they're all
1w7jqvfHHjy-00057-00020484-00020756 sitting there very solidly I don't know
1w7jqvfHHjy-00058-00020757-00021287 what it's about but below right at the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00059-00021288-00021440 end of the aisle you see where all these
1w7jqvfHHjy-00060-00021441-00021664 apostles are sitting isn't Michael a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00061-00021665-00021922 rather gorgeous figure in beautiful
1w7jqvfHHjy-00062-00021923-00022262 armor with wings and underneath him is a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00063-00022263-00022703 bat winged skull and beneath those bat
1w7jqvfHHjy-00064-00022704-00022925 wings though all horror is let loose
1w7jqvfHHjy-00065-00022926-00023222 Michael is about to slosh that skull see
1w7jqvfHHjy-00066-00023223-00023828 with his sword but below whoo there are
1w7jqvfHHjy-00067-00023829-00024175 nude bodies some of them pretty comely
1w7jqvfHHjy-00068-00024176-00024487 they're all squirming in there and
1w7jqvfHHjy-00069-00024488-00024818 they're being eaten by worms and they're
1w7jqvfHHjy-00070-00024819-00025067 eating the worms and there's a kind of a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00071-00025068-00025234 mush it's like the sort of situation you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00072-00025235-00025403 find when you turn up a big rock and
1w7jqvfHHjy-00073-00025404-00025633 there's all that going on underneath
1w7jqvfHHjy-00074-00025633-00025870 now there's no question whatever that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00075-00025872-00026162 van Eyck the painter had more fun
1w7jqvfHHjy-00076-00026163-00026354 painting that part of the picture that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00077-00026355-00026711 he did painting the top part so in the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00078-00026712-00026897 same way with agree with Hieronymus
1w7jqvfHHjy-00079-00026898-00027197 Bosch and with Bruegel they painted
1w7jqvfHHjy-00080-00027198-00027481 every kind of weird surrealistic
1w7jqvfHHjy-00081-00027482-00027899 deviltry going on and they really loved
1w7jqvfHHjy-00082-00027900-00028352 it but they couldn't admit it now the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00083-00028352-00028541 only time when the holy people had a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00084-00028542-00028870 ball was when for example the Islamic
1w7jqvfHHjy-00085-00028872-00029180 artists made arabesques and the Celtic
1w7jqvfHHjy-00086-00029181-00029749 artists made um fantastically intricate
1w7jqvfHHjy-00087-00029750-00030125 lattices to decorate the margins of
1w7jqvfHHjy-00088-00030126-00030593 their Gospels and missiles they are
1w7jqvfHHjy-00089-00030594-00030797 unbelievably beautiful or take stained
1w7jqvfHHjy-00090-00030798-00030947 glass or something like that but what
1w7jqvfHHjy-00091-00030948-00031258 are they doing what's it all about so
1w7jqvfHHjy-00092-00031260-00031424 will you ask the question then what will
1w7jqvfHHjy-00093-00031425-00031889 you do in heaven and the thing you want
1w7jqvfHHjy-00094-00031889-00032265 to do force is to get mixed up in this
1w7jqvfHHjy-00095-00032266-00032501 this little seal I it's like the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00096-00032502-00032798 musician he likes to take a melody and
1w7jqvfHHjy-00097-00032799-00032965 he likes to put another melody that fits
1w7jqvfHHjy-00098-00032966-00033194 in with it and another one that fits in
1w7jqvfHHjy-00099-00033195-00033365 with both and then a fourth one and
1w7jqvfHHjy-00100-00033366-00033524 arranged them together and he invents an
1w7jqvfHHjy-00101-00033525-00033659 instrument like an organ that he plays
1w7jqvfHHjy-00102-00033660-00033872 with two hands then he adds foot pedal
1w7jqvfHHjy-00103-00033873-00034046 said he can play with his two feet he'd
1w7jqvfHHjy-00104-00034047-00034169 get this hand during one rhythm this
1w7jqvfHHjy-00105-00034170-00034298 doing another that's doing another and
1w7jqvfHHjy-00106-00034299-00034511 thus doing another see that makes it
1w7jqvfHHjy-00107-00034512-00034838 complicated and so when drummers get
1w7jqvfHHjy-00108-00034839-00035042 together and play somebody starts out
1w7jqvfHHjy-00109-00035043-00035222 with a sudden rhythm and then that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00110-00035223-00035423 rhythm has holes in it in other words it
1w7jqvfHHjy-00111-00035424-00035558 has certain silences and the next
1w7jqvfHHjy-00112-00035559-00035753 drummer fills those silences in an
1w7jqvfHHjy-00113-00035754-00036008 interesting way he comes and picks out a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00114-00036009-00036509 pattern and what you imagine DNA is the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00115-00036510-00036952 basic form of biological existence now
1w7jqvfHHjy-00116-00036953-00037220 DNA is like a necklace like Charlotte's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00117-00037221-00037475 wearing with different kinds of beads in
1w7jqvfHHjy-00118-00037476-00037736 it and according to the order and the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00119-00037737-00038054 way those beads are arranged so you get
1w7jqvfHHjy-00120-00038055-00038327 jeans and so you get the particular form
1w7jqvfHHjy-00121-00038328-00038630 of life that emerges from those jeans so
1w7jqvfHHjy-00122-00038631-00038918 what we are doing basic down way down
1w7jqvfHHjy-00123-00038919-00039143 saying she loves me she don't you have
1w7jqvfHHjy-00124-00039144-00039257 me she won't she wouldn't if we could
1w7jqvfHHjy-00125-00039258-00039599 but you can't you see or Tinker Tailor
1w7jqvfHHjy-00126-00039600-00039734 Soldier Savior rich man poor man beggar
1w7jqvfHHjy-00127-00039735-00039929 man thief but this is the way life is
1w7jqvfHHjy-00128-00039930-00040687 going on hahas result comes all this see
1w7jqvfHHjy-00129-00040688-00040967 question is then Z in your heart of
1w7jqvfHHjy-00130-00040968-00041519 hearts you can take the attitude that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00131-00041520-00042017 all this is terrible all that hits
1w7jqvfHHjy-00132-00042018-00042356 dreadfully serious you see you can play
1w7jqvfHHjy-00133-00042357-00042704 comedies you can play tragedies a farce
1w7jqvfHHjy-00134-00042705-00043064 is histories and romances and all that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00135-00043065-00043205 kind of thing and you can take these
1w7jqvfHHjy-00136-00043206-00043595 various attitudes to it but if you are
1w7jqvfHHjy-00137-00043596-00043946 awakened and is it where you've been let
1w7jqvfHHjy-00138-00043947-00044141 into the secret which is what we've been
1w7jqvfHHjy-00139-00044142-00044411 talking about see as the web is also the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00140-00044412-00044906 curtain you know the veil veil which
1w7jqvfHHjy-00141-00044907-00045128 hides the face of God from the angels
1w7jqvfHHjy-00142-00045129-00045472 you see there's always this available
1w7jqvfHHjy-00143-00045473-00045949 that's why be like a striptease because
1w7jqvfHHjy-00144-00045950-00046265 there's an implication the biz you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00145-00046266-00046481 should never give the show completely
1w7jqvfHHjy-00146-00046482-00046763 away it always should be little bit of a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00147-00046764-00047047 veil left you see there always is
1w7jqvfHHjy-00148-00047048-00047360 because even if you find the striptease
1w7jqvfHHjy-00149-00047361-00047762 artist gets completely naked there's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00150-00047763-00048143 really something hidden what's the
1w7jqvfHHjy-00151-00048144-00048598 motivation what sort of a person is she
1w7jqvfHHjy-00152-00048599-00049007 would I really like to embrace her or
1w7jqvfHHjy-00153-00049008-00049307 which you have bad breath you know or
1w7jqvfHHjy-00154-00049308-00049670 something and you never really know you
1w7jqvfHHjy-00155-00049671-00049796 never really get to the bottom that's
1w7jqvfHHjy-00156-00049797-00049990 why everybody all men poets say that
1w7jqvfHHjy-00157-00049991-00050228 women are basically mysterious and they
1w7jqvfHHjy-00158-00050229-00050510 ought to be so our men basically
1w7jqvfHHjy-00159-00050511-00050749 mysterious from woman's point of view
1w7jqvfHHjy-00160-00050750-00051098 although they play that they're not see
1w7jqvfHHjy-00161-00051099-00051295 this is the way it goes men are supposed
1w7jqvfHHjy-00162-00051296-00051655 to be very open and they say well of a
1w7jqvfHHjy-00163-00051657-00051820 certain situation this is the way it is
1w7jqvfHHjy-00164-00051821-00051985 after all it's perfectly rationalism
1w7jqvfHHjy-00165-00051986-00052245 matter of practical affairs
1w7jqvfHHjy-00166-00052246-00052515 women say well should I say I'm not
1w7jqvfHHjy-00167-00052516-00052701 quite as articulate as you are but I
1w7jqvfHHjy-00168-00052702-00052841 know there's something you've left out
1w7jqvfHHjy-00169-00052842-00053259 but I can't explain it and by this means
1w7jqvfHHjy-00170-00053260-00053630 everything is kept going
1wzGEB4AU9I-00000-00000003-00000181 what's going on guys it's Omni arkin
1wzGEB4AU9I-00001-00000182-00000326 today I'm bringing you a brand new video
1wzGEB4AU9I-00002-00000327-00000488 we're gonna be talking about five
1wzGEB4AU9I-00003-00000488-00000701 different ways that you can increase the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00004-00000702-00000844 amount of experience that you're getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00005-00000846-00001847 playing black ops for now at the time of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00006-00001848-00002035 recording this video I'm actually first
1wzGEB4AU9I-00007-00002036-00002326 prestige level 20 which I know is not
1wzGEB4AU9I-00008-00002327-00002579 very high considering a lot of people on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00009-00002580-00002837 YouTube are pushing 8th 9th prestige
1wzGEB4AU9I-00010-00002838-00003043 already it's absolutely insane
1wzGEB4AU9I-00011-00003044-00003368 I do work I do have other things going
1wzGEB4AU9I-00012-00003369-00003586 on plus editing YouTube videos and all
1wzGEB4AU9I-00013-00003588-00003806 this other stuff and cauldron is not the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00014-00003807-00003992 only game I play so considering the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00015-00003993-00004169 amount of time that I've put in to call
1wzGEB4AU9I-00016-00004170-00004381 through black ops 4 I think being a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00017-00004382-00004613 first prestige level 20 is pretty good
1wzGEB4AU9I-00018-00004614-00004811 already so I wanted to talk to you guys
1wzGEB4AU9I-00019-00004812-00004945 a little bit about how you can actually
1wzGEB4AU9I-00020-00004946-00005245 get the most experience out of your play
1wzGEB4AU9I-00021-00005246-00005452 time right the most experience per hour
1wzGEB4AU9I-00022-00005453-00005618 is how we're going to talk about it or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00023-00005619-00005849 experience per minute or experience per
1wzGEB4AU9I-00024-00005850-00006101 unit of time now the first way is the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00025-00006102-00006442 most simple way this is guaranteed to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00026-00006443-00006617 double the amount of experience that you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00027-00006618-00006946 get which is to get double xp codes now
1wzGEB4AU9I-00028-00006947-00007169 I actually made an entire video about
1wzGEB4AU9I-00029-00007170-00007370 this already talking about the monster
1wzGEB4AU9I-00030-00007370-00007684 energy promotion but real quick just to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00031-00007686-00007841 summarize it if you guys don't want to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00032-00007842-00008056 watch you can actually click uh
1wzGEB4AU9I-00033-00008058-00008278 somewhere above me and watch that entire
1wzGEB4AU9I-00034-00008279-00008492 video highly recommend it because I go
1wzGEB4AU9I-00035-00008493-00008674 more in depth but basically depending on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00036-00008675-00008828 which monster products you're purchasing
1wzGEB4AU9I-00037-00008829-00009041 you'll get a code that you can aim input
1wzGEB4AU9I-00038-00009042-00009271 on Call of Duty comm slash Monster
1wzGEB4AU9I-00039-00009272-00009442 Energy and you'll get a certain amount
1wzGEB4AU9I-00040-00009443-00009716 of experience based on whatever product
1wzGEB4AU9I-00041-00009717-00009917 you happen to buy now on top of this
1wzGEB4AU9I-00042-00009918-00010078 there's also a promotion going on with
1wzGEB4AU9I-00043-00010079-00010334 Pringles mega stack I believe if you buy
1wzGEB4AU9I-00044-00010335-00010598 the like the mega cans you get I think
1wzGEB4AU9I-00045-00010599-00010934 15 minutes or 30 minutes of double xp
1wzGEB4AU9I-00046-00010935-00011228 time as well that process is a lot more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00047-00011229-00011501 of a hassle and I think maybe you guys
1wzGEB4AU9I-00048-00011502-00011678 probably don't like Pringles as much as
1wzGEB4AU9I-00049-00011679-00011956 monster but Who am I to judge you guys
1wzGEB4AU9I-00050-00011957-00012139 can go ahead and look up that promotion
1wzGEB4AU9I-00051-00012140-00012344 as well you have to keep a copy of your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00052-00012345-00012545 receipt and you have to go on well who I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00053-00012546-00012667 don't know with the company that owns
1wzGEB4AU9I-00054-00012668-00012818 Pringles I think it's like Kellogg's or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00055-00012819-00013124 some random like big food company
1wzGEB4AU9I-00056-00013125-00013271 you have to go on their website make an
1wzGEB4AU9I-00057-00013272-00013430 account verify the account with your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00058-00013431-00013613 email or something and you have to send
1wzGEB4AU9I-00059-00013613-00013754 them a picture of your receipt it's kind
1wzGEB4AU9I-00060-00013755-00013949 of a pain but those are the two ways
1wzGEB4AU9I-00061-00013950-00014261 that you can guaranteed get double
1wzGEB4AU9I-00062-00014262-00014486 experience right now I mean you can go
1wzGEB4AU9I-00063-00014487-00014636 and buy monster you can go and buy
1wzGEB4AU9I-00064-00014637-00014819 Pringles put those codes and on the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00065-00014819-00015026 website and immediately you will double
1wzGEB4AU9I-00066-00015027-00015163 the amount of experience that you get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00067-00015165-00015416 now for number two I'm gonna be talking
1wzGEB4AU9I-00068-00015416-00015599 about the game modes that you can switch
1wzGEB4AU9I-00069-00015600-00015875 to in order to gain more experience for
1wzGEB4AU9I-00070-00015876-00016076 each minute of playtime now I'm gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00071-00016077-00016259 give credit to where credit is due I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00072-00016260-00016460 actually found this image that I'm gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00073-00016461-00016709 show on the screen from a Twitter user
1wzGEB4AU9I-00074-00016710-00017044 by the name of PARs Elian or part of the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00075-00017045-00017324 lion I'm not sure how to say it but I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00076-00017325-00017474 saw them post this on Twitter and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00077-00017475-00017579 basically what they did is they put a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00078-00017580-00017722 couple of different matches from each of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00079-00017723-00017951 these game modes and did the math about
1wzGEB4AU9I-00080-00017952-00018080 the number of experience that they got
1wzGEB4AU9I-00081-00018081-00018317 and the amount of experience per minute
1wzGEB4AU9I-00082-00018318-00018458 that they actually got so you guys can
1wzGEB4AU9I-00083-00018459-00018674 see what is the best use of your time
1wzGEB4AU9I-00084-00018675-00018986 and as is per usual for some of the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00085-00018987-00019163 older colonies search-and-destroy
1wzGEB4AU9I-00086-00019164-00019403 actually is the number one game mode to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00087-00019404-00019538 play if you're looking to level up
1wzGEB4AU9I-00088-00019539-00019760 faster because you just get more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00089-00019761-00019916 experience throughout that game mode
1wzGEB4AU9I-00090-00019917-00020044 whether you're playing the objective
1wzGEB4AU9I-00091-00020045-00020237 planting and getting kills and things
1wzGEB4AU9I-00092-00020238-00020432 like that it seems that you're just
1wzGEB4AU9I-00093-00020433-00020624 getting way more kills or way more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00094-00020625-00020732 experience I'm sorry
1wzGEB4AU9I-00095-00020733-00020978 playing snd than anything else a close
1wzGEB4AU9I-00096-00020979-00021250 runner-up is actually control which was
1wzGEB4AU9I-00097-00021251-00021392 I that's what I thought would be the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00098-00021393-00021550 number one because I've played control
1wzGEB4AU9I-00099-00021551-00021788 and it seems very easy to get a lot of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00100-00021789-00022016 kills plus you can get I think 25
1wzGEB4AU9I-00101-00022017-00022253 experience for partial capturing and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00102-00022254-00022502 objective plus I think 50 or 100
1wzGEB4AU9I-00103-00022503-00022655 experience for fully capturing an
1wzGEB4AU9I-00104-00022656-00022874 objective on top of the bonus experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00105-00022875-00023078 that you get when you get kills in or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00106-00023079-00023350 defending the objective so in my mind I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00107-00023351-00023503 thought control was the best one to go
1wzGEB4AU9I-00108-00023504-00023663 with apparently it's currently
1wzGEB4AU9I-00109-00023664-00023906 search-and-destroy but but control is a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00110-00023907-00024110 good second option if you're not you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00111-00024111-00024272 know into a search-and-destroy you don't
1wzGEB4AU9I-00112-00024273-00024428 like it or you don't have a team to play
1wzGEB4AU9I-00113-00024429-00024602 with or you're sick playing with randos
1wzGEB4AU9I-00114-00024603-00024794 cuz they're trash jump into a matter of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00115-00024795-00025055 control you'll you won't get you'll
1wzGEB4AU9I-00116-00025056-00025184 still get a ton of experience especially
1wzGEB4AU9I-00117-00025185-00025375 with the double experience codes so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00118-00025376-00025655 that's a good option to coming in third
1wzGEB4AU9I-00119-00025656-00025819 place was domination tied with
1wzGEB4AU9I-00120-00025820-00026012 free-for-all so that's good to know that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00121-00026013-00026132 free-for-all if you're very good at
1wzGEB4AU9I-00122-00026133-00026237 free-for-all if you're absolutely
1wzGEB4AU9I-00123-00026238-00026395 dominating and you're getting tons of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00124-00026397-00026429 kill
1wzGEB4AU9I-00125-00026430-00026686 very quickly and killstreaks and whatnot
1wzGEB4AU9I-00126-00026687-00026882 you actually can get a lot of experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00127-00026883-00027032 in that way as well but I'm gonna be
1wzGEB4AU9I-00128-00027033-00027170 talking about a couple of other things
1wzGEB4AU9I-00129-00027170-00027395 on this list that are actually gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00130-00027395-00027562 help you get even more experience if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00131-00027563-00027727 you're playing with teammates so I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00132-00027728-00027871 wouldn't really recommend free-for-all
1wzGEB4AU9I-00133-00027872-00028039 as like one of the best options I would
1wzGEB4AU9I-00134-00028040-00028286 say search-and-destroy control and if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00135-00028287-00028418 you don't like control then new
1wzGEB4AU9I-00136-00028419-00028558 domination I think that's probably the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00137-00028559-00028777 best the best route to go for leveling
1wzGEB4AU9I-00138-00028778-00028961 up the fastest now with with that being
1wzGEB4AU9I-00139-00028962-00029123 said I'm gonna talk about tip number
1wzGEB4AU9I-00140-00029124-00029371 three which is actually the way that I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00141-00029372-00029539 mentioned to get more experience by
1wzGEB4AU9I-00142-00029540-00029689 playing with other players and that is
1wzGEB4AU9I-00143-00029690-00029893 using certain specialists and score
1wzGEB4AU9I-00144-00029894-00030040 streaks in order to maximize your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00145-00030041-00030202 experience game first let's talk about
1wzGEB4AU9I-00146-00030203-00030389 specialists the specialists that are
1wzGEB4AU9I-00147-00030389-00030557 gonna be the best for getting experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00148-00030558-00030785 are actually the support specialists so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00149-00030786-00030958 the ones that don't really have like a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00150-00030959-00031130 big weapon or a gun or anything like
1wzGEB4AU9I-00151-00031131-00031336 that these are actually really good
1wzGEB4AU9I-00152-00031337-00031561 because that you can actually do
1wzGEB4AU9I-00153-00031562-00031745 something else while you're getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00154-00031745-00031933 points from your specialists so what I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00155-00031934-00032114 mean by this is for example torque I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00156-00032114-00032311 really like torque I know if you guys
1wzGEB4AU9I-00157-00032312-00032437 have been watching these black ops 4
1wzGEB4AU9I-00158-00032438-00032564 videos I've been talking about a lot
1wzGEB4AU9I-00159-00032564-00032702 you'll see me playing as him in pretty
1wzGEB4AU9I-00160-00032702-00032914 much every game because he has his
1wzGEB4AU9I-00161-00032915-00033092 specialist matches my playstyle but
1wzGEB4AU9I-00162-00033093-00033340 what's cool about torque is actually you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00163-00033341-00033577 actually get 25 experience anytime
1wzGEB4AU9I-00164-00033578-00033833 somebody spends like half of a second
1wzGEB4AU9I-00165-00033834-00033995 trapped in your razor wire so if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00166-00033996-00034151 somebody runs into your razor wire and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00167-00034152-00034405 stays there for a full second you get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00168-00034406-00034574 like a hundred experience even if you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00169-00034575-00034724 don't kill them and then if you do get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00170-00034725-00034886 the kill you get an extra 100 experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00171-00034887-00035114 or whatever the case is so you'll notice
1wzGEB4AU9I-00172-00035115-00035245 if you play torque and people are
1wzGEB4AU9I-00173-00035246-00035414 running into your razor wire you're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00174-00035415-00035648 gonna see plus 25 plus 25 plus 25 plus
1wzGEB4AU9I-00175-00035649-00035873 it's it's crazy how much experience you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00176-00035874-00036049 get just like that from people running
1wzGEB4AU9I-00177-00036050-00036185 into your razor wire so if you're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00178-00036186-00036383 placing the razor wire in certain you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00179-00036384-00036524 know I what I do is I put it around
1wzGEB4AU9I-00180-00036525-00036680 certain corners where you don't actually
1wzGEB4AU9I-00181-00036681-00036868 have a good line-of-sight around the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00182-00036869-00037087 corner but it's a high-traffic area that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00183-00037088-00037229 people usually sprint through this is
1wzGEB4AU9I-00184-00037230-00037390 good you know kind of near spawns and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00185-00037391-00037570 things like that you know people will
1wzGEB4AU9I-00186-00037571-00037718 just sprint around that corner cuz they
1wzGEB4AU9I-00187-00037719-00037915 always do and they run right into your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00188-00037916-00038026 razor wire that they couldn't see
1wzGEB4AU9I-00189-00038027-00038189 because of the angle that you put it at
1wzGEB4AU9I-00190-00038190-00038362 that's the way that I've been using it
1wzGEB4AU9I-00191-00038363-00038551 and it's been very effective for me on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00192-00038552-00038764 top of that barricade also does a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00193-00038765-00039008 similar thing I think for every two
1wzGEB4AU9I-00194-00039009-00039317 clicks of the radiation or the microwave
1wzGEB4AU9I-00195-00039318-00039776 ability you get plus 25 experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00196-00039777-00039965 the barricade actually kills I think a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00197-00039966-00040152 little bit faster than the razor wire
1wzGEB4AU9I-00198-00040153-00040393 they have to spend I think less time in
1wzGEB4AU9I-00199-00040394-00040529 the barrier I'm not sure it might be
1wzGEB4AU9I-00200-00040530-00040730 around the same but you get extra
1wzGEB4AU9I-00201-00040731-00040886 experience for getting the barricade
1wzGEB4AU9I-00202-00040887-00041143 kill as well I think it's plus 175 if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00203-00041144-00041402 I'm not mistaken it's 150 175 something
1wzGEB4AU9I-00204-00041403-00041593 like that and again that's something
1wzGEB4AU9I-00205-00041594-00041780 that you can actually place down in like
1wzGEB4AU9I-00206-00041781-00041942 a high traffic area or place it on an
1wzGEB4AU9I-00207-00041943-00042158 objective and you can continue to kill
1wzGEB4AU9I-00208-00042159-00042311 you can keep slaying you can run around
1wzGEB4AU9I-00209-00042312-00042562 you also get extra experience if you get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00210-00042563-00042749 kills from behind the barricade and if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00211-00042750-00042896 your teammates I believe get kills from
1wzGEB4AU9I-00212-00042897-00043033 behind the barricade you get a bonus as
1wzGEB4AU9I-00213-00043034-00043274 well so that's kind of a way to get like
1wzGEB4AU9I-00214-00043275-00043468 kind of farm experience with your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00215-00043469-00043643 equipment around the map without having
1wzGEB4AU9I-00216-00043644-00043811 to actually do anything just placing it
1wzGEB4AU9I-00217-00043812-00044045 in a strategic area on top of that let's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00218-00044046-00044255 talk about crash the assault the assault
1wzGEB4AU9I-00219-00044256-00044480 pack that crash can drop actually when
1wzGEB4AU9I-00220-00044481-00044605 teammates pick that up and they get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00221-00044606-00044804 kills with it you get bonus experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00222-00044805-00044989 for helping with that kill which is
1wzGEB4AU9I-00223-00044990-00045089 really really awesome
1wzGEB4AU9I-00224-00045090-00045349 another thing is recon using recons a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00225-00045350-00045512 deployable sensor Dart
1wzGEB4AU9I-00226-00045513-00045689 if your teammates get kills or if you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00227-00045690-00045857 get kills when the enemy who's within
1wzGEB4AU9I-00228-00045858-00045986 that sensor dart you gain bonus
1wzGEB4AU9I-00229-00045987-00046208 experience and I think the same is true
1wzGEB4AU9I-00230-00046209-00046517 for the vision pulse as well because
1wzGEB4AU9I-00231-00046518-00046655 you're actually pulsing for the entire
1wzGEB4AU9I-00232-00046656-00046852 team so when you get when anybody gets a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00233-00046853-00047030 kill after your vision polls you gain a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00234-00047031-00047224 little bit of extra experience as well
1wzGEB4AU9I-00235-00047225-00047486 now of course there's other specialists
1wzGEB4AU9I-00236-00047487-00047732 that you know I can get you experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00237-00047733-00047890 very easily these are just three that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00238-00047891-00048049 are a know off the top of my head are
1wzGEB4AU9I-00239-00048050-00048265 very easy to get extra experience with
1wzGEB4AU9I-00240-00048266-00048412 especially if you're playing with other
1wzGEB4AU9I-00241-00048413-00048680 players because you know you're getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00242-00048681-00048877 bonus experience because other people
1wzGEB4AU9I-00243-00048878-00049030 are benefiting from what you're doing
1wzGEB4AU9I-00244-00049031-00049223 and that's the whole point is that the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00245-00049224-00049361 more people you have getting you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00246-00049362-00049555 experience the more experience you're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00247-00049556-00049718 gonna get especially if you have that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00248-00049719-00049846 double experience that I talked about
1wzGEB4AU9I-00249-00049847-00050120 from tip number one as for score streaks
1wzGEB4AU9I-00250-00050121-00050276 it's pretty straightforward I would say
1wzGEB4AU9I-00251-00050277-00050582 just use the UAV counter UAV and then
1wzGEB4AU9I-00252-00050583-00050776 whatever third kill streak is that you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00253-00050777-00050942 want and that you can actually get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00254-00050943-00051139 during a game reason and a reasonable
1wzGEB4AU9I-00255-00051140-00051370 amount of kills so I would say you know
1wzGEB4AU9I-00256-00051371-00051514 if you if you're confident that you can
1wzGEB4AU9I-00257-00051515-00051745 get the strike team or the Thresher or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00258-00051746-00051889 the drone squad or something like that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00259-00051890-00052057 then go ahead and use those because they
1wzGEB4AU9I-00260-00052058-00052201 kind of just do their own thing same
1wzGEB4AU9I-00261-00052202-00052412 with attack helicopter stuff like that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00262-00052413-00052579 but if you're not really confident in
1wzGEB4AU9I-00263-00052580-00052732 you getting those kills then just go
1wzGEB4AU9I-00264-00052733-00052894 with the care package because you'll get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00265-00052895-00053099 something out of it worst case scenario
1wzGEB4AU9I-00266-00053100-00053149 it's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00267-00053150-00053398 your County Ruby best-case scenario it's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00268-00053399-00053590 something that really pulls in the kills
1wzGEB4AU9I-00269-00053591-00053761 and the reason that you want to use the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00270-00053762-00053935 UAV and counter UAV is pretty
1wzGEB4AU9I-00271-00053936-00054100 straightforward especially in the game
1wzGEB4AU9I-00272-00054101-00054286 modes where you have other teammates and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00273-00054287-00054466 really this is the time where it shines
1wzGEB4AU9I-00274-00054466-00054652 the most because any time that a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00275-00054653-00054841 teammate gets a kill while you have a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00276-00054841-00055111 UAV or counter UAV up in the air you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00277-00055112-00055327 actually gain bonus experience for that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00278-00055328-00055576 so every kill that happens on your team
1wzGEB4AU9I-00279-00055577-00055779 you're actually getting experience from
1wzGEB4AU9I-00280-00055780-00055978 that so it's really really good to just
1wzGEB4AU9I-00281-00055979-00056158 help out the rest of the team and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00282-00056159-00056338 because they're getting kills off of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00283-00056339-00056529 something that you help them with you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00284-00056530-00056742 gain the experience as well so as you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00285-00056744-00056926 can see with with this specialist and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00286-00056927-00057025 the scorestreaks
1wzGEB4AU9I-00287-00057026-00057202 we're kind of trying to use things that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00288-00057203-00057445 help us farm an experience from things
1wzGEB4AU9I-00289-00057446-00057579 that other people are doing we're kind
1wzGEB4AU9I-00290-00057580-00057820 of outsourcing the experience game to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00291-00057821-00058096 other players because if everybody is is
1wzGEB4AU9I-00292-00058097-00058294 doing well then you're gonna be getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00293-00058295-00058471 all this experience from you know your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00294-00058472-00058621 razor wire and your killstreaks
1wzGEB4AU9I-00295-00058622-00058777 everything like that and it all really
1wzGEB4AU9I-00296-00058778-00058927 does add up at the end
1wzGEB4AU9I-00297-00058928-00059083 the next thing I'm gonna be talking
1wzGEB4AU9I-00298-00059084-00059217 about I think this is tip number four
1wzGEB4AU9I-00299-00059219-00059404 I'm starting to lose track this tip
1wzGEB4AU9I-00300-00059404-00059604 number four is getting head shots now I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00301-00059605-00059926 also made a video about this and getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00302-00059927-00060127 head shots in this game actually if you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00303-00060128-00060319 go to the you know the after-action
1wzGEB4AU9I-00304-00060320-00060526 report and you look at your medals and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00305-00060527-00060705 you look at your headshot medals every
1wzGEB4AU9I-00306-00060707-00060937 single headshot gives you 100 experience
1wzGEB4AU9I-00307-00060938-00061177 so that means not only are you grinding
1wzGEB4AU9I-00308-00061178-00061372 for your camos grinding for that dark
1wzGEB4AU9I-00309-00061373-00061570 matter camo but you're also getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00310-00061571-00061738 extra experience for getting those
1wzGEB4AU9I-00311-00061739-00061876 headshots you're actually being rewarded
1wzGEB4AU9I-00312-00061877-00062146 and leveling up faster by getting kills
1wzGEB4AU9I-00313-00062147-00062299 with headshots as opposed to just a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00314-00062300-00062473 regular body shot or a regular spray and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00315-00062474-00062650 pray again as I mentioned before I do
1wzGEB4AU9I-00316-00062651-00062845 have a video up on my channel talking
1wzGEB4AU9I-00317-00062846-00062965 about how you can get even more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00318-00062966-00063211 headshots in Call of Duty Black Ops for
1wzGEB4AU9I-00319-00063212-00063373 so if you guys are struggling getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00320-00063374-00063538 those camos or if you just want to hear
1wzGEB4AU9I-00321-00063539-00063709 what I have to say some extra tips that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00322-00063710-00063877 maybe you're not utilizing or maybe you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00323-00063878-00064063 didn't think of go check that video out
1wzGEB4AU9I-00324-00064064-00064270 it's a pretty quick video and it'll talk
1wzGEB4AU9I-00325-00064271-00064462 about pretty much every way that you can
1wzGEB4AU9I-00326-00064463-00064704 use to to gain some more headshots and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00327-00064705-00064813 of course people are commenting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00328-00064814-00065050 commenting down below on that video
1wzGEB4AU9I-00329-00065051-00065221 there are favorite ways that they get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00330-00065222-00065332 headshots as well I just thought that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00331-00065333-00065430 was really cool when I saw the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00332-00065432-00065626 after-action report and it said times 11
1wzGEB4AU9I-00333-00065627-00065761 and I was like oh I got 11 headshots and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00334-00065762-00065917 when I highlighted it said 100
1wzGEB4AU9I-00335-00065918-00066010 experience and I was like oh that's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00336-00066011-00066144 awesome I just got over a thousand
1wzGEB4AU9I-00337-00066145-00066364 experience in one game just because I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00338-00066365-00066490 was getting headshots
1wzGEB4AU9I-00339-00066491-00066604 because I was gonna kill that I was
1wzGEB4AU9I-00340-00066605-00066790 gonna get anyway working towards my
1wzGEB4AU9I-00341-00066791-00066961 camos really really cool so I'm glad to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00342-00066962-00067135 see that that's a little you know secret
1wzGEB4AU9I-00343-00067136-00067282 tip basically if you guys didn't know
1wzGEB4AU9I-00344-00067283-00067411 you got extra experience for those
1wzGEB4AU9I-00345-00067412-00067600 headshot kills maybe it'll motivate you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00346-00067601-00067840 to go and head go ahead and go towards
1wzGEB4AU9I-00347-00067841-00067996 that Dark Matter or even just go for
1wzGEB4AU9I-00348-00067997-00068131 gold on your favorite guns things like
1wzGEB4AU9I-00349-00068132-00068389 that and the fifth infile tip kind of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00350-00068390-00068620 piggybacks off of the headshot metals
1wzGEB4AU9I-00351-00068621-00068815 and that is different challenges like
1wzGEB4AU9I-00352-00068816-00069061 career challenges prestige challenges
1wzGEB4AU9I-00353-00069062-00069298 gun challenges things like that you know
1wzGEB4AU9I-00354-00069299-00069508 you want to be prestiging every single
1wzGEB4AU9I-00355-00069509-00069676 weapon that you reach max level with
1wzGEB4AU9I-00356-00069677-00069859 pretty much as soon as you get it to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00357-00069860-00070108 that level I know a lot of guns you get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00358-00070109-00070282 a very good attachment after you've got
1wzGEB4AU9I-00359-00070283-00070447 it to max level like the operator
1wzGEB4AU9I-00360-00070448-00070597 attachment of revenue whatever that's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00361-00070598-00070783 called yeah yeah the operator mod you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00362-00070784-00070921 get that when you have a max to level
1wzGEB4AU9I-00363-00070922-00071050 weapon like the swordfish or whatever
1wzGEB4AU9I-00364-00071051-00071296 the cases but I would like to mention
1wzGEB4AU9I-00365-00071297-00071482 that getting those weapon when you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00366-00071483-00071689 unlock different attachments for weapons
1wzGEB4AU9I-00367-00071690-00071827 that actually it's because you're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00368-00071828-00071971 leveling up the weapon and when you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00369-00071972-00072166 reach that that level you gain extra
1wzGEB4AU9I-00370-00072167-00072346 experience for that so unlocking
1wzGEB4AU9I-00371-00072347-00072490 different things for weapons get to more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00372-00072491-00072658 experience of course the standard
1wzGEB4AU9I-00373-00072659-00072868 challenges get you more experience and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00374-00072869-00073105 some of them are incredibly easy but if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00375-00073106-00073219 you're not if you don't know about them
1wzGEB4AU9I-00376-00073220-00073378 you'll never do them like some of the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00377-00073379-00073582 challenges are get X amount of kills
1wzGEB4AU9I-00378-00073583-00073846 while laying down or get X amount of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00379-00073847-00074092 kills while crouched and a lot of times
1wzGEB4AU9I-00380-00074093-00074260 people are just running gunning jumping
1wzGEB4AU9I-00381-00074261-00074464 around sliding things like that and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00382-00074465-00074626 they're not just laying down and getting
1wzGEB4AU9I-00383-00074627-00074806 a kill and you might not know that you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00384-00074807-00075013 could get extra experience for just you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00385-00075014-00075169 know instead of standing in the corner
1wzGEB4AU9I-00386-00075170-00075394 and getting the kill just crouch in the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00387-00075395-00075511 corner and get the kill and that will
1wzGEB4AU9I-00388-00075512-00075661 count towards a challenge that's gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00389-00075662-00075892 get you bonus experience and a lot of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00390-00075893-00076060 these things like I said go through and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00391-00076061-00076180 look at some of these challenges they're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00392-00076181-00076354 very very easy a lot of these are very
1wzGEB4AU9I-00393-00076355-00076501 easy challenges that you can get done
1wzGEB4AU9I-00394-00076502-00076681 and you'll be increasing the amount of
1wzGEB4AU9I-00395-00076682-00076840 experience and you get every single game
1wzGEB4AU9I-00396-00076841-00077047 that you play not to mention if you take
1wzGEB4AU9I-00397-00077048-00077212 all five of these tips and use them
1wzGEB4AU9I-00398-00077213-00077371 together you know like every game that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00399-00077372-00077584 you jump in let's say you use a gun that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00400-00077585-00077713 you haven't used before to level it up
1wzGEB4AU9I-00401-00077714-00077890 you get headshots with it so that way
1wzGEB4AU9I-00402-00077891-00078070 you can unlock hamos and also get the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00403-00078071-00078355 bonus experience with double xp on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00404-00078356-00078568 playing a certain game-mode where you're
1wzGEB4AU9I-00405-00078569-00078796 gonna be getting the most amount of XP
1wzGEB4AU9I-00406-00078797-00078970 per minute you know of course with
1wzGEB4AU9I-00407-00078971-00079135 except for a search-and-destroy you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00408-00079136-00079309 obviously can't really grind kills and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00409-00079310-00079492 subscribe but regardless put in the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00410-00079493-00079672 control or something like that using all
1wzGEB4AU9I-00411-00079673-00079783 of these tips it's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00412-00079784-00080044 you're gonna level up way faster using
1wzGEB4AU9I-00413-00080045-00080227 these tips now I know not everyone has
1wzGEB4AU9I-00414-00080228-00080497 access to maybe double xp codes if
1wzGEB4AU9I-00415-00080498-00080668 you're outside of the United States I
1wzGEB4AU9I-00416-00080669-00080845 think the Monster Energy promotion is
1wzGEB4AU9I-00417-00080846-00081067 only in the United States so for your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00418-00081068-00081181 country there might be either a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00419-00081182-00081400 different promotion or you can actually
1wzGEB4AU9I-00420-00081401-00081589 buy the monster on like eBay or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00421-00081590-00081718 something I know that's kind of crazy
1wzGEB4AU9I-00422-00081719-00081868 but I've actually seen comments on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00423-00081869-00081982 YouTube of people saying that they've
1wzGEB4AU9I-00424-00081983-00082207 done that and it does work for them so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00425-00082208-00082384 you can give that a try but you know
1wzGEB4AU9I-00426-00082385-00082600 even if not all these tips apply to you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00427-00082601-00082798 or maybe you only like a certain gun so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00428-00082799-00082942 you're gonna skip some of the other
1wzGEB4AU9I-00429-00082943-00083167 things utilize some of these tips in
1wzGEB4AU9I-00430-00083168-00083332 your game and just see how quick you
1wzGEB4AU9I-00431-00083333-00083455 level up because I think you're gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00432-00083456-00083683 notice a big difference in how fast your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00433-00083684-00083830 prestiging and I think you're gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00434-00083831-00084094 really really appreciate getting to
1wzGEB4AU9I-00435-00084095-00084307 those better guns or better perks or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00436-00084308-00084496 whatever the case is in later game and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00437-00084497-00084655 once you've procedure a few times your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00438-00084656-00084817 permanent unlock tokens are gonna get
1wzGEB4AU9I-00439-00084818-00084981 you all the things that you want so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00440-00084982-00085192 prestiging won't be that much of a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00441-00085193-00085411 hassle anyway with that being said
1wzGEB4AU9I-00442-00085412-00085657 that's pretty much the video guys I just
1wzGEB4AU9I-00443-00085658-00085852 want to let you know that my book my
1wzGEB4AU9I-00444-00085853-00086062 ebook is no longer free it's up on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00445-00086063-00086275 Amazon link in the description for $2.99
1wzGEB4AU9I-00446-00086276-00086416 if you want to actually download the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00447-00086417-00086662 book and support me I actually do get a
1wzGEB4AU9I-00448-00086663-00086875 decent amount of that revenue so I'd
1wzGEB4AU9I-00449-00086876-00087028 really appreciate that you could also
1wzGEB4AU9I-00450-00087029-00087259 buy the paperback book the book was
1wzGEB4AU9I-00451-00087260-00087496 downloaded over 230 times in the in the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00452-00087497-00087691 five days that it was free so I didn't
1wzGEB4AU9I-00453-00087692-00087811 really know what to expect I think
1wzGEB4AU9I-00454-00087812-00087991 that's a decent amount so I really
1wzGEB4AU9I-00455-00087992-00088150 appreciate you guys for showing love and
1wzGEB4AU9I-00456-00088151-00088297 support and if you did get that book
1wzGEB4AU9I-00457-00088298-00088456 make sure you go and leave a product
1wzGEB4AU9I-00458-00088457-00088570 review for it I would really appreciate
1wzGEB4AU9I-00459-00088571-00088786 that with that being said we're at the
1wzGEB4AU9I-00460-00088787-00088927 end of the video so if you guys haven't
1wzGEB4AU9I-00461-00088928-00089119 already dropped a thumbs up in the video
1wzGEB4AU9I-00462-00089120-00089362 if I helped you out in any way shape or
1wzGEB4AU9I-00463-00089363-00089539 form if you've learned any tips tricks
1wzGEB4AU9I-00464-00089540-00089659 or anything like that know if you made
1wzGEB4AU9I-00465-00089660-00089788 it all the way to the end of this video
1wzGEB4AU9I-00466-00089789-00089932 I want you guys to include in your
1wzGEB4AU9I-00467-00089933-00090166 comments down below the graph moving up
1wzGEB4AU9I-00468-00090167-00090358 emojis because that's gonna be the level
1wzGEB4AU9I-00469-00090359-00090559 experience that you're getting in called
1wzGEB4AU9I-00470-00090560-00090664 dude you're gonna get way more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00471-00090665-00090871 experience with these tips but also let
1wzGEB4AU9I-00472-00090872-00091075 me know if I miss anything if there's
1wzGEB4AU9I-00473-00091076-00091273 any secrets or special tips or anything
1wzGEB4AU9I-00474-00091274-00091480 that I should be using to gain even more
1wzGEB4AU9I-00475-00091481-00091666 experience of what I've talked about in
1wzGEB4AU9I-00476-00091667-00091849 this video also people are gonna really
1wzGEB4AU9I-00477-00091850-00091984 benefit from that if you comment on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00478-00091985-00092152 below all the people who see this video
1wzGEB4AU9I-00479-00092153-00092269 are gonna see it and they're gonna
1wzGEB4AU9I-00480-00092270-00092482 appreciate it the best comments are
1wzGEB4AU9I-00481-00092483-00092632 gonna get pin to the top so that way
1wzGEB4AU9I-00482-00092633-00092809 other people can see your useful
1wzGEB4AU9I-00483-00092810-00092953 information so don't forget to put that
1wzGEB4AU9I-00484-00092954-00093121 graff emoji
1wzGEB4AU9I-00485-00093122-00093306 and also like I said give me some tips
1wzGEB4AU9I-00486-00093307-00093492 if you have any if you haven't
1wzGEB4AU9I-00487-00093493-00093675 subscribed go ahead and do that now so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00488-00093676-00093843 that way you can see any more videos
1wzGEB4AU9I-00489-00093844-00094062 that I upload with tips tricks secrets
1wzGEB4AU9I-00490-00094063-00094212 anything like that about black ops 4
1wzGEB4AU9I-00491-00094213-00094380 smack that Bell button boy and I'd
1wzGEB4AU9I-00492-00094381-00094551 really appreciate it thank you guys so
1wzGEB4AU9I-00493-00094552-00094648 much for watching this has been on
1wzGEB4AU9I-00494-00094649-00094759 America I'll talk to you guys again soon
1wzGEB4AU9I-00495-00094760-00095052 peace
1yPJsqyafO4-00000-00000000-00000478 [Music]
1yPJsqyafO4-00001-00000479-00000623 how you doing
1yPJsqyafO4-00002-00000624-00000815 i sincerely hope that these abraham
1yPJsqyafO4-00003-00000816-00000975 hicks recordings have the same
1yPJsqyafO4-00004-00000976-00001223 beneficial effect on your life as they
1yPJsqyafO4-00005-00001224-00001407 have on mine
1yPJsqyafO4-00006-00001408-00001687 in this video abe discusses how to
1yPJsqyafO4-00007-00001688-00001855 regain control
1yPJsqyafO4-00008-00001855-00002175 of your feelings with focus
1yPJsqyafO4-00009-00002176-00002447 take a good look and i hope you enjoy it
1yPJsqyafO4-00010-00002448-00002758 kindly share like subscribe and comment
1yPJsqyafO4-00011-00002759-00002926 on the message
1yPJsqyafO4-00012-00002927-00003158 only if it resonates within you
1yPJsqyafO4-00013-00003159-00003463 the subtitles in any languages are
1yPJsqyafO4-00014-00003464-00003751 available after 24 hours
1yPJsqyafO4-00015-00003752-00004031 enjoy and chill
1yPJsqyafO4-00016-00004032-00004191 okay
1yPJsqyafO4-00017-00004192-00004335 so
1yPJsqyafO4-00018-00004336-00004615 the way i understand it is that
1yPJsqyafO4-00019-00004616-00005006 contrast is just to show us all
1yPJsqyafO4-00020-00005007-00005159 to give you things to choose from
1yPJsqyafO4-00021-00005160-00005295 exactly and that's all it ever is
1yPJsqyafO4-00022-00005296-00005406 whether it's
1yPJsqyafO4-00023-00005407-00005638 my soul mate died or i hit a kid on a
1yPJsqyafO4-00024-00005639-00005727 bike
1yPJsqyafO4-00025-00005728-00005911 it's not a bad thing there's no good or
1yPJsqyafO4-00026-00005912-00006254 bad it just is and from that point
1yPJsqyafO4-00027-00006255-00006542 that i can choose how i feel and my
1yPJsqyafO4-00028-00006543-00006727 feelings are letting me know
1yPJsqyafO4-00029-00006728-00006919 that i'm either on track with my inner
1yPJsqyafO4-00030-00006920-00007142 being and source or i'm off track i'm on
1yPJsqyafO4-00031-00007143-00007334 or i'm off and that's all
1yPJsqyafO4-00032-00007336-00007495 and it's just that simple that is all
1yPJsqyafO4-00033-00007495-00007678 and we are appreciating your extreme
1yPJsqyafO4-00034-00007679-00007878 examples
1yPJsqyafO4-00035-00007879-00008134 well i mean because we are and
1yPJsqyafO4-00036-00008136-00008335 but it's true because both those things
1yPJsqyafO4-00037-00008336-00008446 happen to me
1yPJsqyafO4-00038-00008447-00008695 and that's okay because it has made me
1yPJsqyafO4-00039-00008696-00008871 a far better person
1yPJsqyafO4-00040-00008872-00009031 because i can choose
1yPJsqyafO4-00041-00009032-00009199 i can go okay well
1yPJsqyafO4-00042-00009200-00009439 that kid was there i was there whatever
1yPJsqyafO4-00043-00009440-00009671 but it's just giving me the contrast is
1yPJsqyafO4-00044-00009672-00009974 just allowing all of us to
1yPJsqyafO4-00045-00009975-00010231 be more fulfilled and be more alive and
1yPJsqyafO4-00046-00010232-00010367 just to know that
1yPJsqyafO4-00047-00010368-00010567 i have a choice and it's all okay
1yPJsqyafO4-00048-00010568-00010727 regardless that's the whole thing it's
1yPJsqyafO4-00049-00010728-00010871 like we just need a little more
1yPJsqyafO4-00050-00010872-00011142 self-love would you say love myself more
1yPJsqyafO4-00051-00011143-00011271 and it's okay
1yPJsqyafO4-00052-00011272-00011542 and i'm gonna be okay even if i do die
1yPJsqyafO4-00053-00011543-00011767 it i don't need to be fearful it's all
1yPJsqyafO4-00054-00011768-00011959 okay right
1yPJsqyafO4-00055-00011960-00012214 abraham
1yPJsqyafO4-00056-00012215-00012351 and that's what we're not getting here
1yPJsqyafO4-00057-00012352-00012614 i'm like i just need to just relax if i
1yPJsqyafO4-00058-00012615-00012958 don't do anything it's okay right
1yPJsqyafO4-00059-00012959-00013086 would you say
1yPJsqyafO4-00060-00013087-00013335 we would see okay because it just seems
1yPJsqyafO4-00061-00013336-00013486 like we all keep getting up here asking
1yPJsqyafO4-00062-00013487-00013647 you the same thing over and over you're
1yPJsqyafO4-00063-00013647-00013911 so patient oh my god you guys are so
1yPJsqyafO4-00064-00013912-00014151 patient i want to you know why
1yPJsqyafO4-00065-00014152-00014494 because it's all okay there you go see
1yPJsqyafO4-00066-00014495-00014694 and it's all unconditional
1yPJsqyafO4-00067-00014695-00014807 but how
1yPJsqyafO4-00068-00014808-00014966 this near here i go
1yPJsqyafO4-00069-00014968-00015166 it just just know that it's all
1yPJsqyafO4-00070-00015168-00015630 okay it's all okay right
1yPJsqyafO4-00071-00015631-00015758 it helps
1yPJsqyafO4-00072-00015759-00016007 but in the contrast it's just helping me
1yPJsqyafO4-00073-00016008-00016111 be
1yPJsqyafO4-00074-00016112-00016311 closer to because i'm never going to
1yPJsqyafO4-00075-00016312-00016479 have not contract i mean everyone i want
1yPJsqyafO4-00076-00016480-00016671 to have a perfect life but in the
1yPJsqyafO4-00077-00016672-00016903 contrast i'm going to learn more not
1yPJsqyafO4-00078-00016904-00017111 learn it's not the right word but strive
1yPJsqyafO4-00079-00017112-00017383 for you know what the perfect life feels
1yPJsqyafO4-00080-00017384-00017607 like when it reaches that place that you
1yPJsqyafO4-00081-00017608-00017830 say now i've really got it going on in a
1yPJsqyafO4-00082-00017831-00018079 way that i intended when i came
1yPJsqyafO4-00083-00018080-00018199 it's when
1yPJsqyafO4-00084-00018200-00018350 a lot of the premises that you have
1yPJsqyafO4-00085-00018351-00018599 presented here are there at the basis of
1yPJsqyafO4-00086-00018600-00018671 it
1yPJsqyafO4-00087-00018672-00019039 and then you acknowledge that
1yPJsqyafO4-00088-00019040-00019247 i'm an eternal being
1yPJsqyafO4-00089-00019248-00019399 and that
1yPJsqyafO4-00090-00019400-00019822 i'm here in order to personally define
1yPJsqyafO4-00091-00019823-00019983 in this moment we're not talking about
1yPJsqyafO4-00092-00019984-00020143 big chunks and big decisions we're
1yPJsqyafO4-00093-00020144-00020294 talking about the things that are
1yPJsqyafO4-00094-00020295-00020550 occurring to you as you are moving along
1yPJsqyafO4-00095-00020551-00020703 day by day
1yPJsqyafO4-00096-00020704-00020991 and the realization that as you focus
1yPJsqyafO4-00097-00020992-00021078 there
1yPJsqyafO4-00098-00021079-00021358 in just the right vibrational frequency
1yPJsqyafO4-00099-00021359-00021558 that there is a cooperation that
1yPJsqyafO4-00100-00021559-00021886 responds to the power of your thought
1yPJsqyafO4-00101-00021887-00022158 that's the thing that you all have come
1yPJsqyafO4-00102-00022159-00022414 to experience because you are
1yPJsqyafO4-00103-00022415-00022622 masters of creation who for the most
1yPJsqyafO4-00104-00022623-00022814 part have forgotten that now you're here
1yPJsqyafO4-00105-00022815-00023047 in these physical bodies so as you start
1yPJsqyafO4-00106-00023048-00023271 returning to that where life causes you
1yPJsqyafO4-00107-00023272-00023503 to focus on something and you've learned
1yPJsqyafO4-00108-00023504-00023639 to feel
1yPJsqyafO4-00109-00023640-00023847 how that focus can feel good and how
1yPJsqyafO4-00110-00023848-00024055 that focus cannot feel so good and
1yPJsqyafO4-00111-00024056-00024278 you've learned to focus yourself through
1yPJsqyafO4-00112-00024279-00024463 your emotions into something that feels
1yPJsqyafO4-00113-00024464-00024750 good and then you're still in awareness
1yPJsqyafO4-00114-00024751-00024983 of now the cooperative universe the
1yPJsqyafO4-00115-00024984-00025207 other people and things that even seem
1yPJsqyafO4-00116-00025208-00025478 unseen that come to assist you in the
1yPJsqyafO4-00117-00025479-00025678 moving forward of that and the feeling
1yPJsqyafO4-00118-00025679-00025958 of satisfaction is so enormous and so
1yPJsqyafO4-00119-00025960-00026231 intense the feeling of worthiness the
1yPJsqyafO4-00120-00026232-00026423 feeling of right time right place but
1yPJsqyafO4-00121-00026424-00026695 most important the feeling of worthiness
1yPJsqyafO4-00122-00026695-00026918 the feeling of blessedness the feeling
1yPJsqyafO4-00123-00026919-00027223 of empowerment that flows through you
1yPJsqyafO4-00124-00027224-00027383 and
1yPJsqyafO4-00125-00027383-00027662 that's what you all came to experience
1yPJsqyafO4-00126-00027663-00027879 you didn't come as you corrected
1yPJsqyafO4-00127-00027880-00028023 yourself in the middle of the statement
1yPJsqyafO4-00128-00028024-00028262 you didn't come to learn it you came
1yPJsqyafO4-00129-00028263-00028527 knowing it you came to apply it
1yPJsqyafO4-00130-00028527-00028751 so you came to apply this
1yPJsqyafO4-00131-00028752-00028846 and then
1yPJsqyafO4-00132-00028847-00029039 sort of unlearned it for a while as
1yPJsqyafO4-00133-00029039-00029327 others tried to make you their object of
1yPJsqyafO4-00134-00029327-00029527 attention who needed to behave in
1yPJsqyafO4-00135-00029527-00029679 certain ways in order for them to feel
1yPJsqyafO4-00136-00029680-00029767 good
1yPJsqyafO4-00137-00029768-00029967 and so that was a little rocky for a
1yPJsqyafO4-00138-00029968-00030207 while and then you encounter those who
1yPJsqyafO4-00139-00030208-00030414 are not in alignment sometimes when
1yPJsqyafO4-00140-00030416-00030614 you're not and you run over somebody on
1yPJsqyafO4-00141-00030616-00030855 a bicycle that's not something that you
1yPJsqyafO4-00142-00030856-00031014 intended or something that you wanted
1yPJsqyafO4-00143-00031016-00031174 but it's something that happened because
1yPJsqyafO4-00144-00031175-00031351 it was a byproduct of where your
1yPJsqyafO4-00145-00031352-00031551 vibration was and their vibration was
1yPJsqyafO4-00146-00031552-00031727 and you're right nothing went wrong it
1yPJsqyafO4-00147-00031727-00031951 was just another contrasting experience
1yPJsqyafO4-00148-00031952-00032174 that caused you to get clear but what
1yPJsqyafO4-00149-00032175-00032551 you want what you all want is mastery of
1yPJsqyafO4-00150-00032552-00032943 focus mastery of vibration mastery of
1yPJsqyafO4-00151-00032944-00033071 emotion
1yPJsqyafO4-00152-00033072-00033495 and then the fun begins and then the fun
1yPJsqyafO4-00153-00033496-00033695 begins and so that's why all day here
1yPJsqyafO4-00154-00033696-00033918 today we're going to take a segment
1yPJsqyafO4-00155-00033919-00034023 right now
1yPJsqyafO4-00156-00034024-00034239 of refreshment but that's why all day
1yPJsqyafO4-00157-00034240-00034471 here today we've been saying to you do
1yPJsqyafO4-00158-00034472-00034631 the vibrational work do the vibrational
1yPJsqyafO4-00159-00034632-00034815 work do the vibrational work close that
1yPJsqyafO4-00160-00034816-00034999 gap close that gap get control of your
1yPJsqyafO4-00161-00035000-00035279 feelings don't need conditions to change
1yPJsqyafO4-00162-00035280-00035455 in order to get control of your feelings
1yPJsqyafO4-00163-00035456-00035662 get control of the way you feel by using
1yPJsqyafO4-00164-00035663-00035846 your ability to focus get control of the
1yPJsqyafO4-00165-00035847-00036046 way you feel by using your ability to
1yPJsqyafO4-00166-00036047-00036246 focus so you have some really
1yPJsqyafO4-00167-00036247-00036430 contrasting experience esther had that
1yPJsqyafO4-00168-00036431-00036695 too where she for a while could not get
1yPJsqyafO4-00169-00036696-00036895 control of the way she felt because the
1yPJsqyafO4-00170-00036896-00037095 condition was too big but with the
1yPJsqyafO4-00171-00037096-00037295 conditions that's too big to get control
1yPJsqyafO4-00172-00037296-00037518 of the way you feel what is born is a
1yPJsqyafO4-00173-00037519-00037774 new desire a stronger than ever desire
1yPJsqyafO4-00174-00037775-00038046 to get control of the way you feel
1yPJsqyafO4-00175-00038047-00038255 and when you get control of the way you
1yPJsqyafO4-00176-00038256-00038423 feel under
1yPJsqyafO4-00177-00038424-00038767 any condition now you're not just free
1yPJsqyafO4-00178-00038768-00039015 now the adventure really begins now the
1yPJsqyafO4-00179-00039016-00039262 cooperation of the universe and your
1yPJsqyafO4-00180-00039263-00039471 ability to feel your worthiness your
1yPJsqyafO4-00181-00039472-00039679 ability to feel your power and then you
1yPJsqyafO4-00182-00039680-00039887 wish it for everyone you want everyone
1yPJsqyafO4-00183-00039888-00040071 to get control of the way they feel you
1yPJsqyafO4-00184-00040072-00040262 don't want to be the one who is offering
1yPJsqyafO4-00185-00040263-00040479 the path of least resistance for anyone
1yPJsqyafO4-00186-00040480-00040655 you don't want to thwart anyone's
1yPJsqyafO4-00187-00040656-00040887 ability to find their own empowerment
1yPJsqyafO4-00188-00040888-00041071 you want everyone to find their
1yPJsqyafO4-00189-00041072-00041246 empowerment because
1yPJsqyafO4-00190-00041247-00041543 alignment and knowing who you are is
1yPJsqyafO4-00191-00041544-00041790 everything it's why you came now one of
1yPJsqyafO4-00192-00041791-00042055 you said okay i'll go everyone
1yPJsqyafO4-00193-00042056-00042374 let me in there let me be who i am i
1yPJsqyafO4-00194-00042375-00042511 cannot wait this is the perfect
1yPJsqyafO4-00195-00042512-00042735 environment to mix it up this is a
1yPJsqyafO4-00196-00042736-00042935 really good time for segment of
1yPJsqyafO4-00197-00042936-00043466 refreshment thank you
1yPJsqyafO4-00198-00043467-00043830 [Music]
1yPJsqyafO4-00199-00043831-00044040 you
1zn1bGpO6_y-00000-00000007-00000262 the World Cup of Hockey is an
1zn1bGpO6_y-00001-00000263-00000501 international ice hockey tournament
1zn1bGpO6_y-00002-00000502-00000860 inaugurated in 1996 it is the successor
1zn1bGpO6_y-00003-00000861-00001214 to the Canada Cup which ran from 1976 to
1zn1bGpO6_y-00004-00001215-00001493 1991 and was the first International
1zn1bGpO6_y-00005-00001494-00001739 Hockey Championship to allow nations to
1zn1bGpO6_y-00006-00001739-00002042 field their top players the World Cup
1zn1bGpO6_y-00007-00002043-00002234 has occurred fries before on an
1zn1bGpO6_y-00008-00002235-00002441 irregular basis with the United States
1zn1bGpO6_y-00009-00002442-00002784 winning in 1996 and Canada winning in
1zn1bGpO6_y-00010-00002785-00003272 2004 and 2016 following the 2016
1zn1bGpO6_y-00011-00003272-00003515 tournament it is uncertain if the series
1zn1bGpO6_y-00012-00003515-00003779 will continue with the 2020 tournament
1zn1bGpO6_y-00013-00003779-00003910 being canceled
1zn1bGpO6_y-00014-00003911-00004241 the World Cup of Hockey is organized by
1zn1bGpO6_y-00015-00004242-00004504 the National Hockey League NHL and the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00016-00004505-00004652 National Hockey League Players
1zn1bGpO6_y-00017-00004653-00004997 Association NHLPA unlike the annual
1zn1bGpO6_y-00018-00004998-00005201 World Ice Hockey Championships and
1zn1bGpO6_y-00019-00005202-00005435 quadrennial Olympic tournament both run
1zn1bGpO6_y-00020-00005436-00005576 by the International Ice Hockey
1zn1bGpO6_y-00021-00005577-00005701 Federation
1zn1bGpO6_y-00022-00005702-00006088 IIHF World Cup games are played under
1zn1bGpO6_y-00023-00006089-00006425 NHL rules and not those of the IIHF and
1zn1bGpO6_y-00024-00006426-00006673 the tournament occurs prior to the NHL
1zn1bGpO6_y-00025-00006675-00006953 preseason allowing all the NHL's players
1zn1bGpO6_y-00026-00006954-00007151 to be available unlike the world
1zn1bGpO6_y-00027-00007152-00007367 championships which overlaps with the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00028-00007368-00008088 NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs
1zn1bGpO6_y-00029-00008089-00008921 topic history
1zn1bGpO6_y-00030-00008922-00009573 topic Canada Cup the World Cup of Hockey
1zn1bGpO6_y-00031-00009574-00009831 was preceded by the Canada Cup which
1zn1bGpO6_y-00032-00009832-00010173 began in 1976 in a combined effort from
1zn1bGpO6_y-00033-00010174-00010401 Doug Fisher of Hockey Canada and Alan
1zn1bGpO6_y-00034-00010402-00010739 Eagleson of the NHL Players Association
1zn1bGpO6_y-00035-00010740-00011049 taking inspiration from sakis FIFA World
1zn1bGpO6_y-00036-00011050-00011286 Cup Eagleson proposed a new tournament
1zn1bGpO6_y-00037-00011287-00011481 that would bring together all the top
1zn1bGpO6_y-00038-00011482-00011834 hockey playing nations after successful
1zn1bGpO6_y-00039-00011835-00012075 negotiations with hockey officials from
1zn1bGpO6_y-00040-00012076-00012405 the Soviet Union in September 1974
1zn1bGpO6_y-00041-00012406-00012666 Eagleson began arranging the Canada Cup
1zn1bGpO6_y-00042-00012667-00013074 tournament which debuted in 1976 it was
1zn1bGpO6_y-00043-00013075-00013257 the first international ice hockey
1zn1bGpO6_y-00044-00013258-00013509 tournament that allowed Hockey nations
1zn1bGpO6_y-00045-00013510-00013740 to field their top players as the Winter
1zn1bGpO6_y-00046-00013741-00013897 Olympics was a strictly amateur
1zn1bGpO6_y-00047-00013899-00014094 competition and the annual world
1zn1bGpO6_y-00048-00014094-00014304 championships clashed with the Stanley
1zn1bGpO6_y-00049-00014305-00014679 Cup Playoffs the tournaments held every
1zn1bGpO6_y-00050-00014680-00014799 three to five years
1zn1bGpO6_y-00051-00014800-00015027 took place in North American venues
1zn1bGpO6_y-00052-00015028-00015188 prior to the start of the National
1zn1bGpO6_y-00053-00015190-00015624 Hockey League NHL regular season six
1zn1bGpO6_y-00054-00015625-00015900 teams competed in each edition and the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00055-00015901-00016146 five Canada Cup tournaments four were
1zn1bGpO6_y-00056-00016147-00016428 won by Canada while the Soviet Union won
1zn1bGpO6_y-00057-00016429-00017069 one in 1981
1zn1bGpO6_y-00058-00017070-00017632 Topic World Cup of Hockey
1zn1bGpO6_y-00059-00017633-00017998 in 1996 the Canada Cup was officially
1zn1bGpO6_y-00060-00017999-00018313 replaced by the World Cup of Hockey the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00061-00018314-00018592 Canada Cup trophy was retired the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00062-00018593-00018811 tournament expanded to eight teams as
1zn1bGpO6_y-00063-00018812-00019075 the national teams of Canada United
1zn1bGpO6_y-00064-00019076-00019363 States Czech Republic Finland Russia and
1zn1bGpO6_y-00065-00019364-00019606 Sweden popularly dubbed as the big six
1zn1bGpO6_y-00066-00019607-00019917 were joined by Germany and Slovakia the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00067-00019918-00020215 United States defeated Canada to win the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00068-00020216-00020575 inaugural event eight years later the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00069-00020576-00020791 second installment of the World Cup of
1zn1bGpO6_y-00070-00020792-00021127 Hockey took place in 2004 just prior to
1zn1bGpO6_y-00071-00021128-00021613 the 2004 o-5 NHL lockout Canada won its
1zn1bGpO6_y-00072-00021614-00021841 first tournament championship defeating
1zn1bGpO6_y-00073-00021842-00022075 the Czech Republic in the semi-finals
1zn1bGpO6_y-00074-00022076-00022335 and Finland in the final match On
1zn1bGpO6_y-00075-00022336-00022795 January 24 2015 NHL commissioner Gary
1zn1bGpO6_y-00076-00022796-00023107 Bettman announced the 2016 World Cup of
1zn1bGpO6_y-00077-00023108-00023386 Hockey to be held in September 2016 at
1zn1bGpO6_y-00078-00023387-00023782 Air Canada Centre in Toronto the 2016
1zn1bGpO6_y-00079-00023783-00023974 edition featured a slightly modified
1zn1bGpO6_y-00080-00023975-00024268 format alongside the big six countries
1zn1bGpO6_y-00081-00024269-00024519 there were two all-star teams consisting
1zn1bGpO6_y-00082-00024520-00024736 of Team Europe and an under-23 team
1zn1bGpO6_y-00083-00024737-00025069 North America Canada again won the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00084-00025070-00025318 championship defeating Team Europe in
1zn1bGpO6_y-00085-00025319-00025717 the finals the 2020 edition was planned
1zn1bGpO6_y-00086-00025718-00025953 to include a European qualification
1zn1bGpO6_y-00087-00025954-00026097 tournament to determine some
1zn1bGpO6_y-00088-00026098-00026530 participating nations in January 2019
1zn1bGpO6_y-00089-00026531-00026764 plans for the tournament were abandoned
1zn1bGpO6_y-00090-00026764-00026958 due to the pending expiration of the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00091-00026960-00027139 collective bargaining agreement between
1zn1bGpO6_y-00092-00027139-00027992 the NHL and the NHL Players Association
1zn1bGpO6_y-00093-00027993-00028504 Topic trophy
1zn1bGpO6_y-00094-00028505-00028887 in 2004 Canadian American architect
1zn1bGpO6_y-00095-00028888-00029130 Frank Gehry designed a new trophy for
1zn1bGpO6_y-00096-00029131-00029389 the tournament it is made from a
1zn1bGpO6_y-00097-00029389-00029611 composite alloy of copper and nickel as
1zn1bGpO6_y-00098-00029612-00029961 well as solid cast urethane plastic the
1zn1bGpO6_y-00099-00029962-00030177 trophy was criticized by the sports
1zn1bGpO6_y-00100-00030178-00030418 community noting the Toronto Sun's
1zn1bGpO6_y-00101-00030419-00031035 headline what is that
1zn1bGpO6_y-00102-00031036-00031574 topic tourneys
1zn1bGpO6_y-00103-00031575-00031988 equals equals see also
1-KCfqoWPV0-00000-00000685-00002183 [Music]
1-KCfqoWPV0-00001-00002184-00003415 so
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1-KCfqoWPV0-00014-00021030-00021647 [Music]
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1-KCfqoWPV0-00033-00062790-00063566 [Music]
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1-KCfqoWPV0-00085-00198064-00200148 so
1-KCfqoWPV0-00086-00200149-00201071 [Music]
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1-KCfqoWPV0-00103-00233623-00235767 [Music]
1-KCfqoWPV0-00104-00235767-00238703 so
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1-KCfqoWPV0-00110-00257852-00259142 [Music]
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1ADPcF4BO7A-00000-00000005-00000233 welcome to the endless knot podcast
1ADPcF4BO7A-00001-00000234-00000478 where the more we know the more we want
1ADPcF4BO7A-00002-00000479-00000671 to find it chasing serendipitous
1ADPcF4BO7A-00003-00000672-00000860 connections through our lives across
1ADPcF4BO7A-00004-00000861-00001643 disciplines hi I'm even gonna mark and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00005-00001644-00001893 today we're talking about a symposium
1ADPcF4BO7A-00006-00001894-00002192 well sort of it's an unusual format
1ADPcF4BO7A-00007-00002193-00002447 today there's a bunch of on location
1ADPcF4BO7A-00008-00002448-00002621 recording from a conference that I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00009-00002622-00002890 attended last week as of this recording
1ADPcF4BO7A-00010-00002891-00003191 which I'll set up a bit in a moment but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00011-00003192-00003449 mark would you like to explain why we're
1ADPcF4BO7A-00012-00003450-00003711 calling this a symposium yes well I mean
1ADPcF4BO7A-00013-00003712-00004013 no symposium is another word basically
1ADPcF4BO7A-00014-00004014-00004343 for conference specifically symposium
1ADPcF4BO7A-00015-00004344-00004672 comes from Greek symposium and it was a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00016-00004673-00004934 type originally a type of drinking party
1ADPcF4BO7A-00017-00004935-00005204 mm-hmm so give us the etymology of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00018-00005205-00005465 word and then I'll explain
1ADPcF4BO7A-00019-00005466-00005806 okay well symposium is made up of two
1ADPcF4BO7A-00020-00005807-00006158 elements sin meaning together and posis
1ADPcF4BO7A-00021-00006159-00006413 meaning drinking and you linked that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00022-00006414-00006713 with a number of other words so it goes
1ADPcF4BO7A-00023-00006714-00006970 back to a proto-indo-european root PO or
1ADPcF4BO7A-00024-00006972-00007283 poi which means to drink and it also
1ADPcF4BO7A-00025-00007284-00007549 comes into Latin as boot RA
1ADPcF4BO7A-00026-00007550-00007945 to drink as well as Latin birra
1ADPcF4BO7A-00027-00007947-00008144 to drink so they both come from that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00028-00008145-00008405 root and so we got a number of English
1ADPcF4BO7A-00029-00008406-00008644 derivatives from those two Latin words
1ADPcF4BO7A-00030-00008645-00009038 from be burro we get words like imbibe
1ADPcF4BO7A-00031-00009039-00009449 for instance from Patara we get potable
1ADPcF4BO7A-00032-00009450-00009703 and stuff like that there are also some
1ADPcF4BO7A-00033-00009704-00010099 more surprising developments from those
1ADPcF4BO7A-00034-00010100-00010489 Latin those two Latin roots one of which
1ADPcF4BO7A-00035-00010490-00011035 is beer probably so the idea is that B
1ADPcF4BO7A-00036-00011036-00011303 bura gets borrowed into it into Germanic
1ADPcF4BO7A-00037-00011304-00011585 languages in reference to a a thing you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00038-00011586-00011909 drink it produced the name beer right so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00039-00011910-00012044 that the word for beer which was so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00040-00012045-00012335 despised in general by early Romans
1ADPcF4BO7A-00041-00012336-00012548 anyway kept at that moment is actually
1ADPcF4BO7A-00042-00012549-00012841 nonetheless a latin word it is but that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00043-00012842-00013007 goes back to the same route it gives us
1ADPcF4BO7A-00044-00013008-00013211 symposium and that is relevant to this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00045-00013212-00013385 episode because the heart
1ADPcF4BO7A-00046-00013386-00013640 this episode is an event that took place
1ADPcF4BO7A-00047-00013641-00013907 at the conference or symposium that I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00048-00013908-00014302 was attending which was a tasting of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00049-00014303-00014666 ancient beer in fact ironically ruin
1ADPcF4BO7A-00050-00014666-00014900 beer beer brewed according to a Roman
1ADPcF4BO7A-00051-00014901-00015307 recipe some other words that we get from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00052-00015308-00015803 Latin poet RA are potable and poison ah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00053-00015804-00016016 the poison being spreads a surprising
1ADPcF4BO7A-00054-00016016-00016193 one though you know I guess we still do
1ADPcF4BO7A-00055-00016194-00016349 you know go into a bar and the bartender
1ADPcF4BO7A-00056-00016350-00016730 asks what's your poison isn't and potion
1ADPcF4BO7A-00057-00016731-00017207 as well right but there are even more
1ADPcF4BO7A-00058-00017208-00017444 surprising words that come from the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00059-00017445-00017569 proto-indo-european root through
1ADPcF4BO7A-00060-00017570-00018025 different lines one of which is pierogi
1ADPcF4BO7A-00061-00018026-00018329 so that comes through old Church
1ADPcF4BO7A-00062-00018330-00018701 Slavonic mmm a word Peru which means
1ADPcF4BO7A-00063-00018702-00019001 feast actually all right so food not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00064-00019002-00019256 drinks food so it gets changed shifts
1ADPcF4BO7A-00065-00019257-00019571 over to food to a food-related thing and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00066-00019572-00019966 Peru becomes eventually pierogi in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00067-00019967-00020296 Polish and and various related
1ADPcF4BO7A-00068-00020297-00020600 Slavic languages have a version of that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00069-00020601-00020987 and one more kind of surprising one is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00070-00020988-00021625 hibachi the small barbecue the small
1ADPcF4BO7A-00071-00021626-00021818 Japanese barbecue ok
1ADPcF4BO7A-00072-00021819-00022025 now you may be thinking oh wait a minute
1ADPcF4BO7A-00073-00022026-00022160 Japanese is not descended from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00074-00022161-00022400 proto-indo-european I am I am indeed
1ADPcF4BO7A-00075-00022401-00022636 bark thinking wait a minute
1ADPcF4BO7A-00076-00022637-00023122 so the idea goes that so the the he part
1ADPcF4BO7A-00077-00023123-00023387 means fire and that presumably is a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00078-00023388-00023800 Japanese word ok element weird element
1ADPcF4BO7A-00079-00023801-00024167 the second part bocce in Japanese means
1ADPcF4BO7A-00080-00024168-00024518 bowl or pot now one etymologist anyways
1ADPcF4BO7A-00081-00024519-00024746 Calvert Watkins who I trust quite a lot
1ADPcF4BO7A-00082-00024747-00025163 derives this bocce word ultimately from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00083-00025164-00025391 a Sanskrit word so it would be borrowed
1ADPcF4BO7A-00084-00025392-00025637 from Sanju's is it possible yeah and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00085-00025638-00025864 which is a possible connection Sanskrit
1ADPcF4BO7A-00086-00025866-00026069 certainly did move to the east yes
1ADPcF4BO7A-00087-00026070-00026383 so there is a Sanskrit word pot ROM
1ADPcF4BO7A-00088-00026385-00026719 which means cup or bowl ok
1ADPcF4BO7A-00089-00026720-00027058 so hibachi is sort of a fire bowl which
1ADPcF4BO7A-00090-00027058-00027373 is what it is mhm and the bowl word
1ADPcF4BO7A-00091-00027374-00027589 comes from the action of drinking to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00092-00027589-00028020 drink but so next time you go to a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00093-00028022-00028410 symposium make sure you drink beer eat
1ADPcF4BO7A-00094-00028411-00028717 pierogi and cook other foods on a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00095-00028718-00029358 hibachi but don't cook well thank you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00096-00029360-00029583 there we go there's your etymologies for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00097-00029585-00029770 this episode because there really aren't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00098-00029770-00030037 any in the rest of it and I basically
1ADPcF4BO7A-00099-00030038-00030412 take my leave all right yes because what
1ADPcF4BO7A-00100-00030413-00030658 I'm going to do is pretty much get right
1ADPcF4BO7A-00101-00030658-00030864 into it essentially what I have is a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00102-00030866-00031152 couple of very short interviews with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00103-00031154-00031339 people from the conference I thought
1ADPcF4BO7A-00104-00031339-00031504 what might be fun would be to give a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00105-00031505-00031717 little bit of an ongoing report from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00106-00031718-00031819 what it's like to be at an academic
1ADPcF4BO7A-00107-00031820-00032131 conference and what sort of things we
1ADPcF4BO7A-00108-00032132-00032317 did and then as I said the main bulk of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00109-00032318-00032626 it is tasting and discussion of these
1ADPcF4BO7A-00110-00032627-00032890 ancient drinks we called it an ancient
1ADPcF4BO7A-00111-00032891-00033048 drink cocktail hour
1ADPcF4BO7A-00112-00033049-00033379 which took place in my hotel room which
1ADPcF4BO7A-00113-00033380-00033607 had a little living room sweet thing so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00114-00033608-00033790 it wasn't quite as odd as just inviting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00115-00033791-00033940 all of my colleagues to my room for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00116-00033941-00034438 drinks and I don't need to do much to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00117-00034439-00034594 set it up because I talked about it and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00118-00034595-00034771 there's a lot of explanation in the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00119-00034772-00034948 course of it now because I took my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00120-00034949-00035311 microphone on location and interviewed
1ADPcF4BO7A-00121-00035312-00035473 people there's a bit of a range of sound
1ADPcF4BO7A-00122-00035474-00035671 and in particular the main part there's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00123-00035672-00035836 a lot of people in the room and so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00124-00035837-00036022 there's a bit of you know crosstalk and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00125-00036023-00036151 people talking over but I think I've
1ADPcF4BO7A-00126-00036152-00036421 edited it so it's pretty clear apologies
1ADPcF4BO7A-00127-00036422-00036607 if you find the sound a little bit off
1ADPcF4BO7A-00128-00036608-00036892 it isn't of course exactly like our ever
1ADPcF4BO7A-00129-00036893-00037267 so fancy home studio setup so we'll find
1ADPcF4BO7A-00130-00037268-00037462 out with the ancient attitudes towards
1ADPcF4BO7A-00131-00037463-00037828 beer our know what we'll find out is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00132-00037829-00038005 what the modern attitudes are towards
1ADPcF4BO7A-00133-00038006-00038431 ancient beer but we do talk about the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00134-00038432-00038638 making of yeah we don't talk a lot in in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00135-00038639-00038878 the discussion about how the Romans why
1ADPcF4BO7A-00136-00038879-00039004 the Romans were drinking beer or where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00137-00039005-00039160 this recipe comes from T honest that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00138-00039161-00039337 wasn't a big part of it maybe we did
1ADPcF4BO7A-00139-00039338-00039490 talk about that of course back in our
1ADPcF4BO7A-00140-00039491-00039727 own beer episode and maybe we'll talk
1ADPcF4BO7A-00141-00039728-00039991 about it more in the future so without
1ADPcF4BO7A-00142-00039992-00040095 further ado I'll get to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00143-00040096-00040365 the first bit which is me setting up
1ADPcF4BO7A-00144-00040366-00040575 where I was and what was going on and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00145-00040576-00041069 then I'll introduce the rest after that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00146-00041070-00041469 so hi I am your roving reporter
1ADPcF4BO7A-00147-00041470-00041706 reporting from the CAC classical
1ADPcF4BO7A-00148-00041707-00041901 Association of Canada Annual General
1ADPcF4BO7A-00149-00041902-00042213 Meeting in Calgary Alberta we're at the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00150-00042214-00042610 end of day one of the CAC I had two
1ADPcF4BO7A-00151-00042611-00042873 panels this morning the first was on
1ADPcF4BO7A-00152-00042874-00043128 public facing scholarship the second was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00153-00043129-00043503 on pedagogy bringing the modern student
1ADPcF4BO7A-00154-00043504-00043752 into the ancient world or vice versa I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00155-00043753-00043886 don't know if the graduate student
1ADPcF4BO7A-00156-00043887-00044361 caucus panel and it was great it's been
1ADPcF4BO7A-00157-00044362-00044475 a long day and I'm getting a little
1ADPcF4BO7A-00158-00044476-00044682 blurry but right now I'm in my hotel
1ADPcF4BO7A-00159-00044683-00044988 room ready to set up for drink ancient
1ADPcF4BO7A-00160-00044989-00045195 cocktail hour where we're going to try
1ADPcF4BO7A-00161-00045196-00045519 some ancient versions of beer and Mead
1ADPcF4BO7A-00162-00045520-00045813 I've made some barley water by boiling
1ADPcF4BO7A-00163-00045814-00046083 barley on the stove draining the liquid
1ADPcF4BO7A-00164-00046084-00046299 and taking the liquid and mixing it with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00165-00046300-00046638 honey and fresh mint and another
1ADPcF4BO7A-00166-00046639-00046869 colleague cap and SOLAS is going to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00167-00046870-00047283 bring some wine and cheese and I have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00168-00047284-00047412 some ground barley we're gonna try to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00169-00047413-00047565 make kukais on which is a drink
1ADPcF4BO7A-00170-00047566-00047871 mentioned in Homer wine with barley and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00171-00047872-00048273 cheese in it which sounds horrifying the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00172-00048274-00048498 beer is a collaboration by Matt Gibbs
1ADPcF4BO7A-00173-00048499-00048873 and a brewery in Manitoba in Winnipeg
1ADPcF4BO7A-00174-00048874-00049135 and Matt found a recipe for an ancient
1ADPcF4BO7A-00175-00049136-00049392 beer and the brewery made it and also a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00176-00049393-00049628 mead and then a beer that's made in a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00177-00049629-00049872 comparison style I'm gonna try to get
1ADPcF4BO7A-00178-00049873-00050136 him to tell us more about that soon so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00179-00050137-00050340 we've got a bottle of a growler of each
1ADPcF4BO7A-00180-00050341-00050574 of those and ready to taste so I'm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00181-00050575-00050691 hoping some of our colleagues will drop
1ADPcF4BO7A-00182-00050692-00050853 by this rather informal and last-minute
1ADPcF4BO7A-00183-00050854-00051375 event and try some ancient drinks this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00184-00051376-00051675 morning's panels by the way were so much
1ADPcF4BO7A-00185-00051676-00051819 about the online world that I mentioned
1ADPcF4BO7A-00186-00051820-00052048 this podcast in both of them and if
1ADPcF4BO7A-00187-00052049-00052221 anyone has come and is listening to this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00188-00052222-00052494 podcast because of the panel hi welcome
1ADPcF4BO7A-00189-00052495-00052725 I hope you find it interesting feel free
1ADPcF4BO7A-00190-00052726-00052879 to leave us a comment and let us know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00191-00052879-00053301 how you found the conference before the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00192-00053302-00053479 main event got started though I had
1ADPcF4BO7A-00193-00053479-00053665 time for a quick chat with Vicki Austin
1ADPcF4BO7A-00194-00053666-00054126 Perry so here's that discussion so this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00195-00054127-00054379 is Vicki Austin Perry who was live
1ADPcF4BO7A-00196-00054379-00054547 tweeting the panels today and did an
1ADPcF4BO7A-00197-00054548-00054879 amazing job of it so Vicki tell us who
1ADPcF4BO7A-00198-00054880-00055104 you are what you're doing and how you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00199-00055105-00055491 day was okay so my name is Vicki and I'm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00200-00055492-00055719 a PhD student at King's College London
1ADPcF4BO7A-00201-00055720-00056106 but a bit randomly I live in Canada I'll
1ADPcF4BO7A-00202-00056107-00056365 start doing that so I kind of have one
1ADPcF4BO7A-00203-00056366-00056541 foot in the door in creating classics
1ADPcF4BO7A-00204-00056542-00056728 and one foot in the door in UK classics
1ADPcF4BO7A-00205-00056729-00057073 I also run the Twitter account for the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00206-00057074-00057304 graduate student call this of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00207-00057304-00057598 classical Association of Canada so today
1ADPcF4BO7A-00208-00057599-00057772 I was tweeting from a mixture of my own
1ADPcF4BO7A-00209-00057773-00058069 personal account and the GSC account and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00210-00058070-00058234 I think it's a really successful first
1ADPcF4BO7A-00211-00058235-00058550 day so I really enjoyed the panels and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00212-00058551-00058810 yes did you find it a little complicated
1ADPcF4BO7A-00213-00058811-00059025 to go back and forth and tweet that much
1ADPcF4BO7A-00214-00059026-00059236 I've done some white beans yeah I did
1ADPcF4BO7A-00215-00059237-00059457 some like tweeting last year at the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00216-00059458-00059694 conference but only I only at that stage
1ADPcF4BO7A-00217-00059695-00059938 had my own personal account so this year
1ADPcF4BO7A-00218-00059939-00060204 I was going between two accounts I did
1ADPcF4BO7A-00219-00060205-00060438 have one mishap of saying oh I'm back on
1ADPcF4BO7A-00220-00060439-00060657 my personal account but I tweeted that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00221-00060658-00060925 from the GSD counselor but I think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00222-00060926-00061216 overall I successfully tweeted the right
1ADPcF4BO7A-00223-00061216-00061485 things from the right account today
1ADPcF4BO7A-00224-00061486-00061782 great and yeah we were the two of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00225-00061783-00061926 panels I was at and then two other ones
1ADPcF4BO7A-00226-00061927-00062140 and you enjoyed everything you saw yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00227-00062141-00062382 I really enjoyed all the panels today
1ADPcF4BO7A-00228-00062383-00062601 especially the pedagogical ones
1ADPcF4BO7A-00229-00062602-00062944 particularly because I'm in approaching
1ADPcF4BO7A-00230-00062945-00063121 the final year of my PhD so I'm really
1ADPcF4BO7A-00231-00063122-00063310 starting to think about oh how am I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00232-00063311-00063490 going to teach when I'm going to get a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00233-00063491-00063790 job so picked up loads of tips and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00234-00063791-00064026 tricks I guess and really interesting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00235-00064027-00064254 hearing different perspectives
1ADPcF4BO7A-00236-00064255-00064563 especially the Latin through science and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00237-00064564-00064888 the terminology ones the Latin through
1ADPcF4BO7A-00238-00064889-00065137 science was mind-blowing and I had like
1ADPcF4BO7A-00239-00065138-00065250 tweeted about it or anything because I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00240-00065251-00065388 have to think about it and then I talk
1ADPcF4BO7A-00241-00065389-00065526 about it more it was amazing because
1ADPcF4BO7A-00242-00065527-00065848 that was really kind of new information
1ADPcF4BO7A-00243-00065849-00066103 for me it was interesting because Lesley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00244-00066104-00066316 one of the speakers said that this this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00245-00066317-00066513 was a really common type of course in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00246-00066514-00066803 Canada for them the terminology plasma
1ADPcF4BO7A-00247-00066804-00067057 gee where as in coming from a UK
1ADPcF4BO7A-00248-00067058-00067231 background I'd never heard of that type
1ADPcF4BO7A-00249-00067232-00067432 of course before so I was really
1ADPcF4BO7A-00250-00067433-00067748 interested in to learn about how those
1ADPcF4BO7A-00251-00067749-00068003 courses operate and what they involve so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00252-00068004-00068210 that was all brand new information for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00253-00068211-00068246 me
1ADPcF4BO7A-00254-00068247-00068476 great well so we're just waiting to get
1ADPcF4BO7A-00255-00068477-00068816 started on our drink ancient so maybe
1ADPcF4BO7A-00256-00068817-00068984 we'll go set that up but thank you very
1ADPcF4BO7A-00257-00068985-00069410 much Vicki you and then the rest of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00258-00069411-00069562 guests appeared and as we got started
1ADPcF4BO7A-00259-00069563-00069686 Kevin solace of MacEwan University
1ADPcF4BO7A-00260-00069687-00069911 talked about the Homeric drink cookie on
1ADPcF4BO7A-00261-00069912-00070079 and explained what his plan was for the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00262-00070080-00070355 evening then Matt Gibbs from the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00263-00070356-00070505 University of Winnipeg introduced his
1ADPcF4BO7A-00264-00070506-00070713 ancient style beers and his Mead
1ADPcF4BO7A-00265-00070714-00070963 now there are a number other people
1ADPcF4BO7A-00266-00070964-00071093 whose voices I'm not going to try to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00267-00071094-00071330 explain who's who and I they don't get
1ADPcF4BO7A-00268-00071331-00071500 they don't introduce themselves but just
1ADPcF4BO7A-00269-00071501-00071674 so you know who's in the room the other
1ADPcF4BO7A-00270-00071675-00071891 people who were there for the part that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00271-00071892-00072167 was recorded were amber Porter Mary
1ADPcF4BO7A-00272-00072168-00072380 Dominion Caroline willikers
1ADPcF4BO7A-00273-00072381-00072692 Connor Whateley Peter Miller and Vicki
1ADPcF4BO7A-00274-00072693-00072821 Austin Perry whom we've already heard
1ADPcF4BO7A-00275-00072822-00073057 from so again apologies if the sound is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00276-00073058-00073235 a little unclear sometimes but I hope
1ADPcF4BO7A-00277-00073236-00073700 you can understand the majority of it so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00278-00073701-00074512 a lot of it is appealing like you can
1ADPcF4BO7A-00279-00074513-00074798 understand why roasted meat you know on
1ADPcF4BO7A-00280-00074799-00075368 skewer spits yes that's good other
1ADPcF4BO7A-00281-00075369-00075778 things are like nut cakes and cheese
1ADPcF4BO7A-00282-00075779-00076124 french bread all that sounds good and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00283-00076125-00076231 then they make this drink
1ADPcF4BO7A-00284-00076232-00076468 which sounds absolute disgust you know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00285-00076469-00076693 they take but premium wine I mean I'm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00286-00076694-00077141 assuming it's already a great goat's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00287-00077142-00077700 cheese they sprinkle barley grouse and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00288-00077701-00078136 they serve it with honey
1ADPcF4BO7A-00289-00078137-00078801 sounds good and anyway so since I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00290-00078802-00079010 generally believe that they were eating
1ADPcF4BO7A-00291-00079011-00079237 things good for the palate you know I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00292-00079238-00079387 always wanted to try to figure out how
1ADPcF4BO7A-00293-00079388-00079582 to make something out of those
1ADPcF4BO7A-00294-00079583-00079722 ingredients that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00295-00079723-00079977 I'm going to actually taste it first of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00296-00079978-00080109 all on the idea of putting cheese and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00297-00080110-00080823 wine sounds gross to me and then serving
1ADPcF4BO7A-00298-00080824-00081192 it with onion roasted err you know I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00299-00081193-00081423 have a friend from Malaysia who said the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00300-00081424-00082398 onions in Malaysia are so sweet to do
1ADPcF4BO7A-00302-00086389-00086679 the red Xena just because it found in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00303-00086680-00086973 archeological some of those pots where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00304-00086974-00087132 they can detect one they can also detect
1ADPcF4BO7A-00305-00087133-00087429 resin so it sounds like there they were
1ADPcF4BO7A-00306-00087430-00087744 doing red Xena along and so I could just
1ADPcF4BO7A-00307-00087745-00087888 crack the red Tina and people can have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00308-00087889-00088653 some and nobody needs to but this is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00309-00088654-00088968 barley water so this is barley boiled in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00310-00088969-00089189 water and then you drain the barley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00311-00089190-00089684 water and I am
1ADPcF4BO7A-00313-00096495-00098101 you drink this you taking all started so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00314-00098102-00099203 that honestly it's the most anyway it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00315-00099204-00099465 very long this one is really is it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00316-00099466-00099623 probably around three percent we don't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00317-00099624-00099666 know for sure
1ADPcF4BO7A-00318-00099667-00099998 it's unless you have twelve anyone
1ADPcF4BO7A-00319-00099999-00100134 between twelve and twelve hundred
1ADPcF4BO7A-00320-00100135-00100290 dollars two thousand dollars worth of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00321-00100291-00100572 equipment you can't measure alcohol
1ADPcF4BO7A-00322-00100573-00100878 because anything that you the flotation
1ADPcF4BO7A-00323-00100879-00101081 devices are problematic especially in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00324-00101082-00101265 stuff like this this one as I said this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00325-00101266-00101441 one's around three percent it's not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00326-00101442-00101936 agonizing it won't kill you the wine one
1ADPcF4BO7A-00327-00101937-00102360 will hey this isn't a fire taste so and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00328-00102361-00102658 this just ingredients wise its barley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00329-00102659-00103138 and water
1ADPcF4BO7A-00332-00114228-00115341 [Music]
1ADPcF4BO7A-00333-00115342-00115678 and this was kind enough to give us
1ADPcF4BO7A-00334-00115679-00115831 money which when she was renting out a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00335-00115832-00116515 bar with it's been available to so there
1ADPcF4BO7A-00336-00116516-00116881 was a lot of peace the need was debuted
1ADPcF4BO7A-00337-00116882-00117097 around yes so in some corner was the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00338-00117098-00118141 test subject tell us about the meet
1ADPcF4BO7A-00339-00118142-00118354 there one reason is Congress straighten
1ADPcF4BO7A-00340-00118355-00118683 up this yes basically the honey and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00341-00118684-00118902 which we saw was wrong
1ADPcF4BO7A-00342-00118903-00119211 fields in Manitoba yeah we have to use a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00343-00119213-00119449 red wine grape must which is available
1ADPcF4BO7A-00344-00119450-00119760 in any one making problem was have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00345-00119761-00120178 become source or groups so we have a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00346-00120179-00120355 wine need and that we did a medieval
1ADPcF4BO7A-00347-00120356-00120604 comparable which is basically a or with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00348-00120605-00120936 honey the reason why the promisor
1ADPcF4BO7A-00349-00120938-00121195 do this with this very interesting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00350-00121196-00121474 history of de gentleman so he he has
1ADPcF4BO7A-00351-00121475-00122460 this it has bits of anus so apparently
1ADPcF4BO7A-00352-00122461-00122704 need is very strong that we should all
1ADPcF4BO7A-00353-00122705-00123483 know this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00354-00123483-00123874 this is probably around it's upwards of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00355-00123875-00124126 seventy at least seven times that the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00357-00127145-00127321 Hummer the brewery do we do this with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00358-00127322-00127551 have offered to because the interest in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00359-00127552-00127738 was there two things firstly we've
1ADPcF4BO7A-00360-00127739-00127890 talked about doing another one in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00361-00127891-00128218 September there dancing and while I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00362-00128219-00128376 should just do in any other casts you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00363-00128377-00129438 know sell it it was it's mercury yeah it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00364-00129439-00129781 was eminently marketable because I've
1ADPcF4BO7A-00365-00129782-00129963 never seen a mead with a red before it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00366-00129964-00130128 always been sort of that lighter almost
1ADPcF4BO7A-00367-00130129-00130401 honey color is yeah no it's Italian
1ADPcF4BO7A-00368-00130402-00130686 groups that's all personal como says
1ADPcF4BO7A-00369-00130688-00130839 anything does you see red you might see
1ADPcF4BO7A-00370-00130840-00131359 red yeah that's fantastic and they
1ADPcF4BO7A-00371-00131360-00131548 receded you don't think that's most meat
1ADPcF4BO7A-00372-00131549-00131703 that I know of is just honey
1ADPcF4BO7A-00373-00131704-00131923 yeah that's we know that's one style is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00374-00131924-00132039 just having something she's gonna have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00375-00132040-00132327 no wine this is a meat you have any wine
1ADPcF4BO7A-00376-00132328-00132883 blend and it's really nice this is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00377-00132884-00133451 exactly what he said it was okay so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00378-00133452-00133834 Nestor and macaron in book eleven of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00379-00133835-00133885 Iliad
1ADPcF4BO7A-00380-00133886-00134113 pass it down to what it's supposed to be
1ADPcF4BO7A-00381-00134114-00134584 like a restorative least I mean there
1ADPcF4BO7A-00382-00134585-00134998 recover that recover and Nestor has his
1ADPcF4BO7A-00383-00134999-00135487 servant woman prepare for them koukin so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00384-00135488-00135727 it's a cocaine feast you know so it's I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00385-00135728-00136032 mean wine grated cheese the other
1ADPcF4BO7A-00386-00136033-00136206 archeological detail about the gridded
1ADPcF4BO7A-00387-00136207-00136473 cheeses that in like feasting equipment
1ADPcF4BO7A-00388-00136474-00136683 that gets deposited in graves like cups
1ADPcF4BO7A-00389-00136684-00136923 and plates and craters there are
1ADPcF4BO7A-00390-00136924-00137271 critters greater so so you know in the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00391-00137272-00137511 Iron Age and the archaic period there
1ADPcF4BO7A-00392-00137512-00138137 are a greater something this is not just
1ADPcF4BO7A-00393-00138138-00138425 yeah um is like it's like you're a hero
1ADPcF4BO7A-00394-00138426-00138650 a and so yeah like weapons and some
1ADPcF4BO7A-00395-00138651-00139400 spits to rose meat so she puts that she
1ADPcF4BO7A-00396-00139401-00139700 put some cheese in there and then she
1ADPcF4BO7A-00397-00139701-00139875 sprinkles it with barley and there's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00398-00139876-00140048 honey so I'm gonna put some money into
1ADPcF4BO7A-00399-00140049-00140247 but I'm gonna put some cheese I went
1ADPcF4BO7A-00400-00140248-00140429 with halloumi because it was dry and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00401-00140430-00140603 gradable and its really can it's goat
1ADPcF4BO7A-00402-00140604-00140903 cheese but she's gonna so this is also
1ADPcF4BO7A-00403-00140904-00141029 done that I'm really strong player I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00404-00141030-00141396 don't know how much to put it so I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00405-00141397-00142226 that's you know maybe I'll do two people
1ADPcF4BO7A-00406-00142227-00142443 are so damn tall and they've actually
1ADPcF4BO7A-00407-00142444-00142608 determined this because they consume
1ADPcF4BO7A-00408-00142609-00142812 more cheese than anybody else know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00409-00142813-00144984 there's some correlation between don't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00411-00148329-00151307 it's more than just
1ADPcF4BO7A-00413-00159880-00160133 we compare this to roasted meat with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00414-00160134-00160358 salt we could say like this isn't quite
1ADPcF4BO7A-00415-00160359-00160712 meeting our standards I wonder what we
1ADPcF4BO7A-00416-00160713-00160895 could do to this using those ingredients
1ADPcF4BO7A-00417-00160896-00162615 I think the only problem is the texture
1ADPcF4BO7A-00418-00162616-00162869 and the taste is not what I'm expecting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00419-00162870-00163700 but it almost like a strike no stronger
1ADPcF4BO7A-00420-00163701-00164321 cheese but the cheese that has
1ADPcF4BO7A-00421-00164322-00164786 [Music]
1ADPcF4BO7A-00422-00164787-00167214 it's like the worst if it was to the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00423-00167215-00168090 point where it was like clearly I'm not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00425-00171265-00171559 again it's okay so who has you know the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00426-00171560-00171910 medieval um what is it the forget the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00427-00171911-00172156 name of it but Hale like they would heat
1ADPcF4BO7A-00428-00172157-00172523 up wine or beer and they put egg and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00429-00172524-00172827 right and again like that doesn't sound
1ADPcF4BO7A-00430-00172828-00173044 good to us and they heat it so kind of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00431-00173045-00173211 you know break into almost like a broken
1ADPcF4BO7A-00432-00173212-00173412 custard but that was again the same idea
1ADPcF4BO7A-00433-00173413-00173635 it was that it was a very fortifying
1ADPcF4BO7A-00434-00173636-00173790 something that you would eat that it was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00435-00173791-00174015 really strong and it was and certainly
1ADPcF4BO7A-00436-00174016-00176288 still more appealing than the blood
1ADPcF4BO7A-00439-00185958-00187140 it's not like tongue
1ADPcF4BO7A-00440-00187141-00187378 we could be made a break in a couple of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00441-00187379-00187603 times at home as well and that actually
1ADPcF4BO7A-00442-00187604-00187834 I really like so have honey half malt
1ADPcF4BO7A-00443-00187835-00188134 and like up optimal so you've got the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00444-00188135-00188389 hops in that really takes me Burton
1ADPcF4BO7A-00445-00188390-00189190 triggers from the smell as much sweeter
1ADPcF4BO7A-00446-00189191-00191902 taste that's not I don't know but like
1ADPcF4BO7A-00447-00191903-00192049 you know Egyptian beer and things like
1ADPcF4BO7A-00448-00192050-00192343 that was made really fresh like you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00449-00192344-00192523 would room it and three days later you'd
1ADPcF4BO7A-00450-00192524-00192754 be drinking at so like two or three days
1ADPcF4BO7A-00451-00192755-00193003 is Ivana still appears in Africa and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00452-00193004-00193123 other places where that's the standard
1ADPcF4BO7A-00453-00193124-00193327 thing and you drink it without drink
1ADPcF4BO7A-00454-00193328-00193549 like without straining it or anything so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00455-00193550-00193678 you drink it's thick so there's another
1ADPcF4BO7A-00456-00193679-00193921 place where the texture is you know all
1ADPcF4BO7A-00457-00193922-00194098 of us but sometimes as all she was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00458-00194099-00194242 actually says you have to string beer
1ADPcF4BO7A-00459-00194243-00194752 right yes so those ones they want it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00460-00194753-00194953 together can I know this versions where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00461-00194954-00195139 it's it's almost like a porridge like a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00462-00195140-00195501 loose yeah but you're right the texture
1ADPcF4BO7A-00463-00195502-00196977 like industrial production
1ADPcF4BO7A-00464-00196978-00197243 now the tasting kept going after this I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00465-00197244-00197416 just decided to turn off the microphone
1ADPcF4BO7A-00466-00197417-00197641 Kevin prepared a second batch of cookie
1ADPcF4BO7A-00467-00197642-00197882 on with goat feta this time which we all
1ADPcF4BO7A-00468-00197883-00198170 remarkably tried going back for a second
1ADPcF4BO7A-00469-00198171-00198328 says something about how not awful the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00470-00198329-00198557 first batch was and most of us decided
1ADPcF4BO7A-00471-00198558-00198707 that it was in fact better in the second
1ADPcF4BO7A-00472-00198708-00198872 version because the cheese wasn't as
1ADPcF4BO7A-00473-00198873-00199240 chunky in the end we decided that the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00474-00199241-00199457 motto of the evening was not as awful as
1ADPcF4BO7A-00475-00199458-00199753 I thought now the beer stayed in my room
1ADPcF4BO7A-00476-00199754-00199915 for the next couple of days so I was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00477-00199916-00200062 able to let a few people who missed the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00478-00200063-00200290 first evening try it later I recorded
1ADPcF4BO7A-00479-00200291-00200416 the reactions of one of these people
1ADPcF4BO7A-00480-00200417-00200636 Paul a former undergrad student of mine
1ADPcF4BO7A-00481-00200637-00200870 who came by to sample the drinks he said
1ADPcF4BO7A-00482-00200871-00201013 a few words about his conference
1ADPcF4BO7A-00483-00201014-00201166 experience as well and then we got into
1ADPcF4BO7A-00484-00201167-00201427 the tasting well my name is Paul
1ADPcF4BO7A-00485-00201428-00201698 mcgillvary I'm a PhD candidate at the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00486-00201699-00202116 University of Western Ontario and I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00487-00202117-00202465 deliver a paper at the 2018 CDC
1ADPcF4BO7A-00488-00202466-00202675 conference here and in Calgary Alberta
1ADPcF4BO7A-00489-00202676-00203093 on narratology on in Xenophon's analysis
1ADPcF4BO7A-00490-00203094-00203403 in particular focalized barriers and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00491-00203404-00203783 Xenophon's analysis and it's always it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00492-00203784-00204004 always wonderful to come to the CAC not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00493-00204005-00204400 just to see colleagues or fellow
1ADPcF4BO7A-00494-00204401-00204662 students or or former mentors you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00495-00204663-00204878 haven't seen sometimes in years and not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00496-00204879-00205079 just to see all the papers and panels
1ADPcF4BO7A-00497-00205080-00205459 that are stimulating and / sometimes
1ADPcF4BO7A-00498-00205460-00205804 provocative and always educated but also
1ADPcF4BO7A-00499-00205805-00206119 it's really great just to see the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00500-00206121-00206236 different faculties in different
1ADPcF4BO7A-00501-00206237-00206617 campuses yeah that's true vilius every
1ADPcF4BO7A-00502-00206619-00206788 time I mean some of these cities and I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00503-00206789-00206932 haven't you know made the rounds there
1ADPcF4BO7A-00504-00206933-00207125 some of the professors have somebody
1ADPcF4BO7A-00505-00207126-00207332 seems I've never been to hadn't been to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00506-00207333-00207482 Calgary since I bought seven and it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00507-00207483-00207846 wasn't much of a tourist or not seven No
1ADPcF4BO7A-00508-00207846-00208085 I had no idea and I saw her embarrassed
1ADPcF4BO7A-00509-00208086-00208227 to say this but I had no idea how big
1ADPcF4BO7A-00510-00208228-00208430 University of Calgary was no I didn't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00511-00208431-00208575 either actually I really didn't this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00512-00208576-00208885 campus is huge yeah I had no no concept
1ADPcF4BO7A-00513-00208886-00209141 now of course I did sneak out just a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00514-00209142-00209319 sort of experience to sit in a little
1ADPcF4BO7A-00515-00209319-00209544 bit which is it was kind of neat driving
1ADPcF4BO7A-00516-00209544-00209865 around and I got to see I think he's one
1ADPcF4BO7A-00517-00209866-00210240 of the better automobile museum yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00518-00210241-00210404 they have a little lobster that doesn't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00519-00210405-00210777 really totally shocked me yeah yeah and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00520-00210778-00211082 it was just fantastic yeah no matter
1ADPcF4BO7A-00521-00211083-00211232 what you CA see you go to its it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00522-00211233-00211419 always there so it's an excellent
1ADPcF4BO7A-00523-00211419-00211646 experience what's the one that started
1ADPcF4BO7A-00524-00211648-00212108 all this is rhomin beer oh there would
1ADPcF4BO7A-00525-00212109-00212319 be a recipe such as barley and water and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00526-00212319-00212544 sourdough so it's starting I can access
1ADPcF4BO7A-00527-00212544-00212855 out of stone from a bread it's got this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00528-00212856-00213155 sour smell yes extremely thorough oh
1ADPcF4BO7A-00529-00213156-00213426 it's not what you expect is it not at
1ADPcF4BO7A-00530-00213427-00213746 all you know what it reminds me of it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00531-00213748-00213990 reminds me of kombucha yeah somebody
1ADPcF4BO7A-00532-00213991-00214121 else said that too I think that's I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00533-00214123-00214232 think that's a really good comparison
1ADPcF4BO7A-00534-00214233-00214314 yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00535-00214315-00214587 really sour and that East eNOS - - is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00536-00214588-00214883 ever fermented thing this is like you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00537-00214884-00215223 drink this and it you you think of I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00538-00215223-00215501 think of what's it called paska this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00539-00215502-00216053 addition the vinegar wine comes yeah -
1ADPcF4BO7A-00540-00216054-00216557 mmm yeah and it doesn't have hops in it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00541-00216558-00216698 or any other flavorings which is the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00542-00216700-00216825 other thing that makes it very good cuz
1ADPcF4BO7A-00543-00216826-00216992 hops is available in two beer
1ADPcF4BO7A-00544-00216994-00217244 he said now yeah like late medieval
1ADPcF4BO7A-00545-00217246-00217596 period well late I mean 12 to 13th
1ADPcF4BO7A-00546-00217596-00217853 century maybe 12th century maybe later
1ADPcF4BO7A-00547-00217854-00218069 yeah I might be wrong on that but it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00548-00218071-00218253 certainly not in early medieval beer
1ADPcF4BO7A-00549-00218254-00218553 that's it's very different
1ADPcF4BO7A-00550-00218554-00218879 I mean 2,500 years ago someone will
1ADPcF4BO7A-00551-00218880-00219704 probably drink Budweiser be like yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00552-00219705-00220034 and I think if you aren't thinking beer
1ADPcF4BO7A-00553-00220035-00220403 hmm it's actually exactly like you may
1ADPcF4BO7A-00554-00220404-00220604 not be what you have a taste for it but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00555-00220605-00220706 it's not like you're drinking to think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00556-00220707-00220767 oh my god
1ADPcF4BO7A-00557-00220769-00221085 we'll never drink this no it's just not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00558-00221086-00221235 what you're thinking of you know yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00559-00221236-00221530 that'd be the closest in kombucha yeah I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00560-00221531-00221631 think that's right I think that's really
1ADPcF4BO7A-00561-00221632-00222037 okay then there's this is sort of a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00562-00222038-00222321 comparison beer major submit medieval
1ADPcF4BO7A-00563-00222323-00222538 recipe you can tell this stuff for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00564-00222539-00222694 renting any because it keeps like every
1ADPcF4BO7A-00565-00222694-00223003 time you open it yeah fizzy and it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00566-00223004-00223284 half or third honey or half I think it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00567-00223285-00223548 half honey and half malt barley most
1ADPcF4BO7A-00568-00223550-00223773 normal bar the mouth with and does have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00569-00223775-00223939 obstinate oh is this what you call them
1ADPcF4BO7A-00570-00223940-00224367 ragged yes it is exactly I don't think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00571-00224369-00224467 they called it that when they breed it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00572-00224467-00224626 but that's what it is yeah that's most
1ADPcF4BO7A-00573-00224627-00224914 wonderfully it's almost like you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00574-00224915-00225207 barriers yeah it's pretty yeah oh yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00575-00225208-00225448 it tastes like a breading it need yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00576-00225448-00225705 yeah exactly it's sweet come on taste is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00577-00225706-00225877 very sweet I've had drag episode of much
1ADPcF4BO7A-00578-00225878-00226153 last week which I prefer but I mean it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00579-00226154-00226398 got a good bitterness to it so it's not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00580-00226398-00226654 that's the one that Matt said oh it has
1ADPcF4BO7A-00581-00226655-00226879 a horrible aftertaste it doesn't you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00582-00226880-00227106 said oh my god it's gone cuz like three
1ADPcF4BO7A-00583-00227107-00227235 weeks ago it's still had a really bad
1ADPcF4BO7A-00584-00227236-00227488 aftertaste apparently yeah here's a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00585-00227489-00227667 question are all these what you would
1ADPcF4BO7A-00586-00227669-00227953 call I guess green beers are they well
1ADPcF4BO7A-00587-00227954-00228144 they were but if they've been I mean he
1ADPcF4BO7A-00588-00228146-00228478 made them must be a month or two ago now
1ADPcF4BO7A-00589-00228479-00228676 so I guess they're not I think and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00590-00228677-00228889 that's the question is and Matt would
1ADPcF4BO7A-00591-00228890-00229032 have to answer that Matt Gibbs but have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00592-00229033-00229189 to answer that because I'm not sure from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00593-00229190-00229387 the recipes that he has whether it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00594-00229388-00229644 clear whether they'd be drunk very soon
1ADPcF4BO7A-00595-00229646-00229948 or you know just like kept around for a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00596-00229948-00230142 little while right some of the most
1ADPcF4BO7A-00597-00230144-00230377 ancient beers that we have recipes for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00598-00230378-00230505 like Egyptian beer seem to have been
1ADPcF4BO7A-00599-00230506-00230655 expected to be drunk within two or three
1ADPcF4BO7A-00600-00230656-00230685 days
1ADPcF4BO7A-00601-00230686-00230926 like you'd they ferment for two or three
1ADPcF4BO7A-00602-00230927-00231196 you'd have a green mixture you ferment
1ADPcF4BO7A-00603-00231196-00231435 it for two days and drink it without
1ADPcF4BO7A-00604-00231436-00231648 straining it or anything like so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00605-00231648-00231904 anything from that to the aged beers I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00606-00231905-00232087 don't know what the I don't know what we
1ADPcF4BO7A-00607-00232088-00232206 know about it and that would have to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00608-00232207-00232390 answer that because I don't know because
1ADPcF4BO7A-00609-00232391-00232519 this is is this something that if you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00610-00232519-00232780 made and that that gave oh is that yes
1ADPcF4BO7A-00611-00232781-00232983 the very last presenter yeah I lost my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00612-00232984-00233353 great paper actually was all bunch of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00613-00233354-00233715 evidence about two different
1ADPcF4BO7A-00614-00233716-00233923 penalties or pseudo penalties that they
1ADPcF4BO7A-00615-00233923-00234478 would have against guilds oh I wonder if
1ADPcF4BO7A-00616-00234479-00234616 this is a kind of thing that if you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00617-00234617-00234844 corked up and set aside for a long time
1ADPcF4BO7A-00618-00234844-00235071 you should burst the jar Oh would ya no
1ADPcF4BO7A-00619-00235073-00235240 that would that would keep that but it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00620-00235241-00235371 still fermenting even though it was in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00621-00235373-00235582 the fridge I mean it would yeah if you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00622-00235583-00235719 left that cork a long time and I think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00623-00235721-00235888 it but these are the last he has some
1ADPcF4BO7A-00624-00235889-00235998 hopefully I'll be able to finish the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00625-00236000-00236298 reason okay no bad outproduce to that is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00626-00236300-00236362 terrific
1ADPcF4BO7A-00627-00236363-00236689 yeah I'd be okay on this one dolphins
1ADPcF4BO7A-00628-00236690-00236896 dolphin IQ what's interesting just this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00629-00236896-00237229 one so this is a need but it's a maiden
1ADPcF4BO7A-00630-00237230-00237441 made according to column Ella's recipe
1ADPcF4BO7A-00631-00237442-00237751 which is half or third honey and the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00632-00237752-00238185 rest is wine like wine grapes wine
1ADPcF4BO7A-00633-00238186-00238417 muster red red grace must so the big big
1ADPcF4BO7A-00634-00238417-00238742 juice really that's what that means so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00635-00238744-00239077 what would be the is this because Sami
1ADPcF4BO7A-00636-00239078-00239326 is much more it's much cheaper than the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00637-00239327-00239506 grapes no I think they just like the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00638-00239507-00239869 flavor I mean I in some places so I the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00639-00239869-00240040 means that I know the recipes for the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00640-00240041-00240280 medieval meats that I know of are only
1ADPcF4BO7A-00641-00240281-00240457 honey and they're from northern places
1ADPcF4BO7A-00642-00240458-00240676 where grapes don't grow I ain't so you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00643-00240677-00240832 the Scandinavian countries Germany
1ADPcF4BO7A-00644-00240833-00241050 England you don't have a lot of grapes
1ADPcF4BO7A-00645-00241051-00241398 but I so this interesting to me the the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00646-00241400-00241588 combination of honey and wine is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00647-00241589-00241798 something I don't I don't know this
1ADPcF4BO7A-00648-00241798-00241984 recipe particular yeah oh that's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00649-00241985-00242109 delicious
1ADPcF4BO7A-00650-00242110-00242385 yeah they've been thinking of marketing
1ADPcF4BO7A-00651-00242386-00242725 that made it daddy's chair I mean it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00652-00242726-00243021 it's an object of divination guys is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00653-00243023-00243214 that what you called Muslim or is it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00654-00243215-00243448 well no I don't think it is most of the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00655-00243448-00243654 again Matt brought that up and I think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00656-00243655-00243867 there's you know these different
1ADPcF4BO7A-00657-00243869-00243996 proportions or it might be that you'd
1ADPcF4BO7A-00658-00243998-00244177 have because this one has the honey and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00659-00244178-00244375 it's from in the juice any ferment them
1ADPcF4BO7A-00660-00244376-00244654 both yeah I don't know if Muslim is made
1ADPcF4BO7A-00661-00244655-00244840 with honey or if you have honey to the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00662-00244841-00245017 wine that's I don't us assumed it was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00663-00245017-00245281 honey wine in wine and you had honey but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00664-00245282-00245491 now I don't know apparently this is very
1ADPcF4BO7A-00665-00245492-00245626 strong nothing about a sound like an
1ADPcF4BO7A-00666-00245627-00245851 ounce but it's like they think aren't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00667-00245852-00246001 sure exactly how strong it is but it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00668-00246002-00246319 probably close to 20 percent I wouldn't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00669-00246319-00246517 catch that no I usually think that's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00670-00246517-00246704 it's a dangerous drink if you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00671-00246705-00246967 yeah because you know I mean that I hate
1ADPcF4BO7A-00672-00246969-00247226 to cheapen the experience with taste it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00673-00247227-00247525 tastes like Teddy Grahams or something
1ADPcF4BO7A-00674-00247526-00247907 yeah and the colors the colors gorgeous
1ADPcF4BO7A-00675-00247908-00248144 yeah mm-hmm Colin mellows made
1ADPcF4BO7A-00676-00248144-00248473 apparently wow there's all kinds of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00677-00248473-00248807 fantastic things and I remember reading
1ADPcF4BO7A-00678-00248808-00249035 the cameras scholars name he wrote to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00679-00249036-00249176 the chemical muse of something that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00680-00249177-00249413 Ellen actually recommended yeah talking
1ADPcF4BO7A-00681-00249414-00249667 about columella just offhand saying when
1ADPcF4BO7A-00682-00249669-00249863 you're planting your cabbage throw in a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00683-00249864-00250198 few opium poppy seeds every every farmer
1ADPcF4BO7A-00684-00250200-00250379 what's better like this yeah you know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00685-00250380-00250598 put take some some poppy seeds and put
1ADPcF4BO7A-00686-00250598-00250717 them in between your cabinets just you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00687-00250719-00250937 know because it's a nice little cash
1ADPcF4BO7A-00688-00250938-00251117 crop baby you can have on the on the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00689-00251117-00251408 side farmer who knows what he's doing
1ADPcF4BO7A-00690-00251409-00251633 dust just has a little bit of diverse
1ADPcF4BO7A-00691-00251634-00251966 then Chester yeah well I mean they ate
1ADPcF4BO7A-00692-00251967-00252233 poppies to a puppy seat of course but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00693-00252234-00252434 right it was an interesting look it was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00694-00252435-00252701 I think was a bacteriologist the one did
1ADPcF4BO7A-00695-00252702-00252902 a PhD in classics not camera wear and I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00696-00252903-00253085 can't whose name hmm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00697-00253086-00254081 anyways get the chemical muse production
1ADPcF4BO7A-00698-00254082-00254330 processes it for this again I so I don't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00699-00254331-00254558 I don't know the details you'd have to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00700-00254559-00254860 ask him but basically you know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00701-00254861-00255140 straightforward mash barley or malted
1ADPcF4BO7A-00702-00255141-00255419 barley and so a barley malt barley and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00703-00255419-00255560 water and I don't know the exact details
1ADPcF4BO7A-00704-00255561-00255767 of how they you know what the actual
1ADPcF4BO7A-00705-00255767-00255898 process was but basically you take a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00706-00255900-00256100 sourdough so you know like like a bread
1ADPcF4BO7A-00707-00256101-00256352 sourdough starter so it's fermented
1ADPcF4BO7A-00708-00256353-00256792 flour water and you mix it into the malt
1ADPcF4BO7A-00709-00256794-00257146 water and it ferments so that's why it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00710-00257148-00257276 got that same history cuz and it's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00711-00257277-00257384 because they didn't have commercial
1ADPcF4BO7A-00712-00257385-00257612 yeast of course so they would use bread
1ADPcF4BO7A-00713-00257613-00257855 bread starter to make the yeast so is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00714-00257856-00258265 this how young is the process of using
1ADPcF4BO7A-00715-00258266-00258698 barn for uses instead of is it what are
1ADPcF4BO7A-00716-00258698-00258823 you what do you mean by what I'm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00717-00258825-00259040 thinking of is is the the muck that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00718-00259041-00259253 you'd scrape off the top of a fermenting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00719-00259254-00259604 VAT that's what that is yeah I imagine
1ADPcF4BO7A-00720-00259605-00259898 that was used a lot too I think that may
1ADPcF4BO7A-00721-00259898-00260084 and on how continuous your beer making
1ADPcF4BO7A-00722-00260085-00260441 processes right so if and I imagine they
1ADPcF4BO7A-00723-00260442-00260594 probably use that sometimes too but if
1ADPcF4BO7A-00724-00260594-00260801 you only if for instance you only make
1ADPcF4BO7A-00725-00260802-00260981 it a couple of times a year like when if
1ADPcF4BO7A-00726-00260982-00261121 you want to make it when you have the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00727-00261123-00261434 grain surplus for instance maybe then
1ADPcF4BO7A-00728-00261435-00261605 you have to use a bread starter because
1ADPcF4BO7A-00729-00261606-00261827 you don't have beer going on right where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00730-00261828-00261944 is it the medieval mono straights where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00731-00261944-00262142 they're making beer year-round just go
1ADPcF4BO7A-00732-00262142-00262238 from one to the next
1ADPcF4BO7A-00733-00262239-00262433 yep that's quite nice you say yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00734-00262434-00262634 that's the barley water yeah it's very
1ADPcF4BO7A-00735-00262635-00262901 nice yeah it's like perfectly bothered
1ADPcF4BO7A-00736-00262902-00263147 mm-hmm and I must admit I don't know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00737-00263148-00263447 where it means to multi so you take a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00738-00263448-00263816 grain any brain and you get wet and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00739-00263817-00264032 you've started spreading so you put it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00740-00264033-00264314 in a warm place for like a day or two
1ADPcF4BO7A-00741-00264315-00264458 days depends on the grain depends on the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00742-00264459-00264806 things and it starts to sprout and the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00743-00264807-00265067 beginnings of the sprouting turn the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00744-00265068-00265382 starch into sugars so that the plant can
1ADPcF4BO7A-00745-00265383-00265499 grow because that's how the plant is
1ADPcF4BO7A-00746-00265500-00265643 gonna grow its stored the energy of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00747-00265644-00265757 starch and the grain
1ADPcF4BO7A-00748-00265758-00265922 now it's converting the starch to sugar
1ADPcF4BO7A-00749-00265923-00266177 so goes on in that process it takes a
1ADPcF4BO7A-00750-00266178-00266396 day or two it starts but before you get
1ADPcF4BO7A-00751-00266397-00266633 any actual sort of shoots and then you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00752-00266634-00266852 stop it you heat it or toast it or
1ADPcF4BO7A-00753-00266853-00267284 whatever stop the malting process you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00754-00267285-00267467 stop the growing process and now you've
1ADPcF4BO7A-00755-00267468-00267685 got reigns where the it doesn't they
1ADPcF4BO7A-00756-00267686-00267962 have low starch high sugar and then you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00757-00267963-00268376 take that and you boil it more until
1ADPcF4BO7A-00758-00268377-00268550 those sugars and all the other flavors
1ADPcF4BO7A-00759-00268551-00268937 come out into the water strain it or not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00760-00268938-00269054 depending on how you're doing it but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00761-00269055-00269240 normally now you would strain that off
1ADPcF4BO7A-00762-00269241-00269465 and you'd have what was left and then
1ADPcF4BO7A-00763-00269466-00269645 you died you east of that a new Hobson
1ADPcF4BO7A-00764-00269646-00269809 whatever and that's your first native
1ADPcF4BO7A-00765-00269810-00270062 there yes okay can you even make grain
1ADPcF4BO7A-00766-00270063-00270278 alcohol without malt in your grain first
1ADPcF4BO7A-00767-00270279-00270449 do that I get the sugar it out before
1ADPcF4BO7A-00768-00270450-00270575 you could yeah if you did it without
1ADPcF4BO7A-00769-00270576-00270707 melting it there wouldn't be enough
1ADPcF4BO7A-00770-00270708-00270875 sugar for these to do it like so if she
1ADPcF4BO7A-00771-00270876-00270998 took that barley water which was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00772-00270999-00271303 unmalted barley boiled on the stove and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00773-00271304-00271517 produced it you can taste this notion
1ADPcF4BO7A-00774-00271518-00271679 there's a bit of sugar and I added honey
1ADPcF4BO7A-00775-00271680-00271754 to it again
1ADPcF4BO7A-00776-00271755-00271889 like I haven't honey to it and that's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00777-00271890-00272129 still how sweet it is so there was no
1ADPcF4BO7A-00778-00272130-00272369 sugar to it I'm not saying you wouldn't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00779-00272370-00272507 be able to get tiny like if you left
1ADPcF4BO7A-00780-00272508-00272612 that on the counter
1ADPcF4BO7A-00781-00272613-00272837 would ferment a little bit but there
1ADPcF4BO7A-00782-00272838-00272996 wouldn't be enough sugar for yeast to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00783-00272997-00273140 get very far so you wouldn't get very
1ADPcF4BO7A-00784-00273141-00273320 much any the amount of alcohol you get
1ADPcF4BO7A-00785-00273321-00273532 is proportional not directly
1ADPcF4BO7A-00786-00273533-00273655 proportional proportional to the amount
1ADPcF4BO7A-00787-00273656-00273863 of sugar you start off with and then
1ADPcF4BO7A-00788-00273864-00274027 it's a bit like straight-up ease do you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00789-00274028-00274210 have and how officially in trance you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00790-00274211-00274582 know that's not but so yeah you couldn't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00791-00274583-00274858 if you don't malt the grain you're not
1ADPcF4BO7A-00792-00274859-00275059 gonna have enough sugar little bit of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00793-00275060-00275290 mint in there yeah yeah so it's that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00794-00275291-00275503 water and then I strained off the barley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00795-00275504-00275767 add a little bit of honey and fresh mint
1ADPcF4BO7A-00796-00275768-00275980 which is so I feel like just taste of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00797-00275981-00276280 mint mostly that's great yeah and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00798-00276281-00276427 apparently I've been told since that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00799-00276428-00276625 it's actually a very common drink in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00800-00276626-00276818 Korea and parts of China and other
1ADPcF4BO7A-00801-00276819-00277067 places that Marlin water or not whether
1ADPcF4BO7A-00802-00277068-00277268 not maybe with mint but just barley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00803-00277269-00277598 water is a hot barley tea or barley
1ADPcF4BO7A-00804-00277599-00277753 water as a refreshing beverage as they
1ADPcF4BO7A-00805-00277754-00278141 comment Wow so I'm not surprised tasting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00806-00278142-00278404 that I'm like yeah totally see that and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00807-00278405-00278570 it's healthy it's got probably that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00808-00278571-00279133 fiber and stuff in it imagine so what
1ADPcF4BO7A-00809-00279134-00279299 you didn't taste of course was the wine
1ADPcF4BO7A-00810-00279300-00279526 with the cheese in the grain but some
1ADPcF4BO7A-00811-00279527-00279778 people might suggest you are better off
1ADPcF4BO7A-00812-00279779-00279845 without it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00813-00279846-00280630 I thought it was interesting I drink
1ADPcF4BO7A-00814-00280631-00280843 something like that would accident yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00815-00280844-00281182 yeah that's interesting God how do you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00816-00281183-00281335 guys do this this is it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00817-00281336-00281615 and finally a few more friends drop by
1ADPcF4BO7A-00818-00281616-00281873 my room they did taste the beers but for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00819-00281874-00282004 the recording I just asked them what
1ADPcF4BO7A-00820-00282005-00282149 they've been doing at the conference and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00821-00282150-00282524 how they found the experience so far so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00822-00282525-00282740 everybody introduce yourself and tell me
1ADPcF4BO7A-00823-00282741-00282979 what the what your people was about or
1ADPcF4BO7A-00824-00282980-00283135 what the best thing you had at the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00825-00283136-00283337 conference or just tell me what's
1ADPcF4BO7A-00826-00283338-00283558 happening right now I put my podcast you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00827-00283559-00283874 can sure did like your podcast my name
1ADPcF4BO7A-00828-00283875-00284282 is Allison and you may know me
1ADPcF4BO7A-00829-00284283-00284935 after all you did yes over so long time
1ADPcF4BO7A-00830-00284936-00285267 [Laughter]
1ADPcF4BO7A-00831-00285268-00285720 but you're doing okay so this is my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00832-00285721-00285892 first time at this conference and I'm
1ADPcF4BO7A-00833-00285893-00286206 having a really good time and it has
1ADPcF4BO7A-00834-00286207-00286401 been great to go to a lot of panels
1ADPcF4BO7A-00835-00286402-00286608 about pedagogy and engagement with the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00836-00286609-00286864 public and just see all of the exciting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00837-00286865-00287153 ideas that are happening in classics and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00838-00287154-00287510 I really enjoyed the Women's Network
1ADPcF4BO7A-00839-00287511-00287866 luncheon just being with a group of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00840-00287867-00288214 other women and people so interested in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00841-00288215-00288369 supporting women in Korean classics
1ADPcF4BO7A-00842-00288370-00288756 there was like a real camaraderie yeah I
1ADPcF4BO7A-00843-00288757-00288954 felt with with that group which was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00844-00288955-00290065 really cool so I was talking about civil
1ADPcF4BO7A-00845-00290066-00290242 war and purchase and how he doesn't like
1ADPcF4BO7A-00846-00290243-00291522 it why would you bring up remiss don't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00847-00291523-00293089 mention remiss don't mention remiss you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00848-00293090-00293322 know number one reason is always gonna
1ADPcF4BO7A-00849-00293323-00293464 be this is where I get to see my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00850-00293465-00293839 currency we never see ya
1ADPcF4BO7A-00851-00293840-00294081 monkey and I was here talking about the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00852-00294082-00294247 way that classics is marketed to girls
1ADPcF4BO7A-00853-00294248-00294579 in the last 10 years or so and the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00854-00294580-00294732 reason that I've enjoyed is CAC so much
1ADPcF4BO7A-00855-00294733-00294901 because it is my first one is again
1ADPcF4BO7A-00856-00294902-00295117 meeting Canadian classicists and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00857-00295118-00295345 realizing what a lovely community people
1ADPcF4BO7A-00858-00295346-00295639 are in person not only online but to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00859-00295640-00295776 actually see them in person to realize
1ADPcF4BO7A-00860-00295777-00295987 yes they are also looking in your life
1ADPcF4BO7A-00861-00295988-00296167 has been excellent and there have been
1ADPcF4BO7A-00862-00296168-00296403 excellent papers Melanie's was one of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00863-00296404-00296722 them Canadians are really doing well for
1ADPcF4BO7A-00864-00296723-00296848 themselves and I'm very pleased to be
1ADPcF4BO7A-00865-00296849-00297019 part of this today I'm worried about you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00866-00297020-00297319 i i've already had a one-on-one with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00867-00297320-00298455 this microphone which i new do front of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00868-00298456-00298615 your family which felt like a very big
1ADPcF4BO7A-00869-00298616-00299095 honor so but so i was here talking about
1ADPcF4BO7A-00870-00299096-00299317 social media because that's the fields
1ADPcF4BO7A-00871-00299318-00299679 that I work in and how we it just really
1ADPcF4BO7A-00872-00299680-00299890 presenting showing off with all of my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00873-00299891-00300118 Twitter friends do you want Twitter and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00874-00300119-00300357 in their podcast so people that I work
1ADPcF4BO7A-00875-00300358-00300589 with rock and just people I know from
1ADPcF4BO7A-00876-00300590-00300862 online and just sharing examples and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00877-00300863-00300994 well I think that's the best thing
1ADPcF4BO7A-00878-00300995-00301185 because it was so much with pedagogy in
1ADPcF4BO7A-00879-00301186-00301525 particular like I just hear what other
1ADPcF4BO7A-00880-00301526-00301779 people are doing and some of it that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00881-00301780-00301902 sounds great but I'm not gonna do that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00882-00301903-00302079 and some of it you're like no that that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00883-00302080-00302256 what I want that one I can imagine doing
1ADPcF4BO7A-00884-00302257-00302460 or that one tell me more about that bit
1ADPcF4BO7A-00885-00302461-00302689 and you just need people to tell their
1ADPcF4BO7A-00886-00302690-00302928 stories because some pieces you can't
1ADPcF4BO7A-00887-00302929-00303112 pick up or it just doesn't work for you
1ADPcF4BO7A-00888-00303113-00303319 or whatever and yeah but you don't know
1ADPcF4BO7A-00889-00303320-00303501 what's gonna be useful and to leave
1ADPcF4BO7A-00890-00303502-00303712 here's somebody else talk about yeah so
1ADPcF4BO7A-00891-00303713-00303951 just the more and that's you know social
1ADPcF4BO7A-00892-00303952-00304147 medias pedagogy exactly but it's the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00893-00304148-00304642 same sort of thing is how you teach
1ADPcF4BO7A-00894-00304643-00305347 ancient yeah : in my picture is my tweet
1ADPcF4BO7A-00895-00305348-00305488 Doug I did have it as a caller but of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00896-00305489-00305623 course people want to see none of my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00897-00305624-00305848 bonus slide so people actually download
1ADPcF4BO7A-00898-00305849-00306108 my my
1ADPcF4BO7A-00899-00306109-00306249 some bonus material it's and things that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00900-00306250-00306378 I thought were important but didn't have
1ADPcF4BO7A-00901-00306379-00306465 time to talk about it
1ADPcF4BO7A-00902-00306466-00306654 my name is kind of like a hashtag cloud
1ADPcF4BO7A-00903-00306655-00306894 with like ideas of hashtag so I got yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00904-00306895-00307323 pink I think I did I didn't give that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00905-00307324-00307542 list of people that were useful people
1ADPcF4BO7A-00906-00307543-00307653 to follow if you follow any of those
1ADPcF4BO7A-00907-00307654-00307776 you'll see in the teach agent I think
1ADPcF4BO7A-00908-00307777-00307937 should have to take pretty soon so yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00909-00307938-00308163 yeah it's been guys we have been talking
1ADPcF4BO7A-00910-00308164-00308427 about it's been great putting faces to
1ADPcF4BO7A-00911-00308428-00309375 use so that's a little bit of the flavor
1ADPcF4BO7A-00912-00309376-00309732 pun intended of a conference with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00913-00309733-00309999 classicists in Canada I had a lot of fun
1ADPcF4BO7A-00914-00310000-00310152 recording this and I want to thank
1ADPcF4BO7A-00915-00310153-00310404 everyone involved not only for being
1ADPcF4BO7A-00916-00310405-00310602 involved and coming along to this last
1ADPcF4BO7A-00917-00310603-00310797 minute rather harebrained scheme but
1ADPcF4BO7A-00918-00310798-00310980 also for agreeing to let me record them
1ADPcF4BO7A-00919-00310981-00311385 and post it online you can find contact
1ADPcF4BO7A-00920-00311386-00311624 details for everyone that was
1ADPcF4BO7A-00921-00311625-00311922 interviewed or contributed to the
1ADPcF4BO7A-00922-00311923-00312102 discussion about the beer in the show
1ADPcF4BO7A-00923-00312103-00312312 notes as well as further reading about
1ADPcF4BO7A-00924-00312313-00312471 the beer by Matt Gibbs he wrote a piece
1ADPcF4BO7A-00925-00312472-00312723 in the conversation about it and a few
1ADPcF4BO7A-00926-00312724-00312888 other things you might find interesting
1ADPcF4BO7A-00927-00312889-00313176 including the link to the website that
1ADPcF4BO7A-00928-00313177-00313356 has the material from the conference
1ADPcF4BO7A-00929-00313357-00313512 paper I presented the first one about
1ADPcF4BO7A-00930-00313513-00313791 social media in the ancient world I hope
1ADPcF4BO7A-00931-00313792-00313971 you found this episode fun and will be
1ADPcF4BO7A-00932-00313972-00314190 back to a more regular programming next
1ADPcF4BO7A-00933-00314191-00314402 episode and remember drink responsibly
1ADPcF4BO7A-00934-00314403-00314805 wear amethyst because it was a belief of
1ADPcF4BO7A-00935-00314806-00315045 the ancient Greeks that it would protect
1ADPcF4BO7A-00936-00315046-00315359 you from the effects of heavy drinking
1ADPcF4BO7A-00937-00315360-00315680 this literally means sort of not drunk
1ADPcF4BO7A-00938-00315681-00315996 the second element is cognate with need
1ADPcF4BO7A-00939-00315997-00316143 so particularly when you were drinking
1ADPcF4BO7A-00940-00316144-00316335 that meat I hope you were wearing your
1ADPcF4BO7A-00941-00316336-00316533 amethyst I might have been I'm wearing
1ADPcF4BO7A-00942-00316534-00316857 some right now is that cat and yeah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00943-00316858-00317114 we'll be back soon bye bye
1ADPcF4BO7A-00944-00317115-00317334 for more information on this podcast
1ADPcF4BO7A-00945-00317335-00318213 check out our website wwlp.com takt info
1ADPcF4BO7A-00946-00318214-00318405 and please check out our patreon where
1ADPcF4BO7A-00947-00318406-00318570 you can pledge to support this show and
1ADPcF4BO7A-00948-00318571-00318762 our video project you can go directly to
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1ADPcF4BO7A-00950-00319042-00319269 alliterative our email is on the website
1ADPcF4BO7A-00951-00319270-00319440 but the easiest way to get in touch with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00952-00319441-00319485 us
1ADPcF4BO7A-00953-00319486-00319887 is Twitter I'm at even Sarah a ven SAR
1ADPcF4BO7A-00954-00319888-00319983 aah
1ADPcF4BO7A-00955-00319984-00320199 and I'm at alliterative to keep up with
1ADPcF4BO7A-00956-00320200-00320388 the podcast subscribe on your favorite
1ADPcF4BO7A-00957-00320389-00320559 podcast app or to the feed on the
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1ADPcF4BO7A-00960-00320917-00321120 podcasts or wherever you listen it helps
1ADPcF4BO7A-00961-00321121-00321309 us a lot we'll be back soon with more
1ADPcF4BO7A-00962-00321310-00321465 musings about the connections around us
1ADPcF4BO7A-00963-00321466-00321750 thanks for listening bye
1ADPcF4BO7A-00964-00321751-00322056 [Music]
1BKUzocgyj8-00000-00001242-00002887 [Music]
1BKUzocgyj8-00001-00002888-00003093 aoproximavia
1BKUzocgyj8-00002-00003094-00004095 [Music]
1CLztNBVIhM-00000-00000096-00000399 [Music]
1CLztNBVIhM-00001-00000400-00000599 my name is katharina vistor and i teach
1CLztNBVIhM-00002-00000600-00000782 at columbia law school in new york
1CLztNBVIhM-00003-00000783-00000983 trying to amass the amounts of wealth
1CLztNBVIhM-00004-00000984-00001158 that people have today without the legal
1CLztNBVIhM-00005-00001159-00001374 protections i would argue is impossible
1CLztNBVIhM-00006-00001375-00001655 since we use the law which is a social
1CLztNBVIhM-00007-00001655-00001871 resource right the legal institutions
1CLztNBVIhM-00008-00001872-00002023 even something like property rights or
1CLztNBVIhM-00009-00002023-00002134 contract
1CLztNBVIhM-00010-00002135-00002318 works because most people
1CLztNBVIhM-00011-00002319-00002542 believe in the authority of the law and
1CLztNBVIhM-00012-00002543-00002775 the legitimacy of the law so if somebody
1CLztNBVIhM-00013-00002776-00003007 loses a lawsuit and gets evicted from
1CLztNBVIhM-00014-00003008-00003215 her home we don't immediately get a
1CLztNBVIhM-00015-00003215-00003390 revolution or something because we
1CLztNBVIhM-00016-00003392-00003583 respect it even if we're on the losing
1CLztNBVIhM-00017-00003584-00003719 side that's really critical to
1CLztNBVIhM-00018-00003720-00004103 understand so if we use law in a massive
1CLztNBVIhM-00019-00004104-00004406 way to code capital to create private
1CLztNBVIhM-00020-00004407-00004654 wealth we're basically taking a social
1CLztNBVIhM-00021-00004655-00004886 resource our legal system that we also
1CLztNBVIhM-00022-00004887-00005159 use to govern ourselves as a democracy
1CLztNBVIhM-00023-00005160-00005351 and allowing some to take it to code
1CLztNBVIhM-00024-00005352-00005583 private wealth and enforce this against
1CLztNBVIhM-00025-00005584-00005751 the rest of the world and i call the
1CLztNBVIhM-00026-00005752-00005918 lawyers the masters of the code they're
1CLztNBVIhM-00027-00005919-00006127 not the masters of the system but they
1CLztNBVIhM-00028-00006128-00006327 know the code they look at what the
1CLztNBVIhM-00029-00006328-00006567 client wants to do they look at the law
1CLztNBVIhM-00030-00006568-00006727 they're trying to put these two together
1CLztNBVIhM-00031-00006728-00006975 and then they combine existing
1CLztNBVIhM-00032-00006976-00007175 modules of the code of capital to
1CLztNBVIhM-00033-00007176-00007391 protect the wealth of the client in
1CLztNBVIhM-00034-00007392-00007559 front of them they help create basically
1CLztNBVIhM-00035-00007559-00007767 a comparative advantage vis-a-vis
1CLztNBVIhM-00036-00007768-00007942 everybody else you just you take the
1CLztNBVIhM-00037-00007943-00008214 branch of a plum tree and you graft it
1CLztNBVIhM-00038-00008215-00008431 onto an apple trunk and you get a new
1CLztNBVIhM-00039-00008432-00008695 fruit out of that that's the process of
1CLztNBVIhM-00040-00008696-00008871 coding combining these different things
1CLztNBVIhM-00041-00008872-00009071 to create something new something that
1CLztNBVIhM-00042-00009072-00009319 can create more private wealth over time
1CLztNBVIhM-00043-00009320-00009551 here inequality is created from a social
1CLztNBVIhM-00044-00009552-00009742 resource the legal system is a social
1CLztNBVIhM-00045-00009743-00009846 resource
1CLztNBVIhM-00046-00009847-00010078 we basically have agreed this is the
1CLztNBVIhM-00047-00010079-00010271 social contract idea but even without an
1CLztNBVIhM-00048-00010272-00010567 agreement we have consolidated our
1CLztNBVIhM-00049-00010568-00010751 means of coercion in the hands of a
1CLztNBVIhM-00050-00010752-00010951 state we're delegating
1CLztNBVIhM-00051-00010952-00011231 a law enforcement conflict resolution to
1CLztNBVIhM-00052-00011232-00011423 a legal system to an abstract legal
1CLztNBVIhM-00053-00011424-00011655 system if there's one skill that lawyers
1CLztNBVIhM-00054-00011656-00011846 have developed they have told their
1CLztNBVIhM-00055-00011847-00012055 clients how to get around tax claims
1CLztNBVIhM-00056-00012056-00012206 because the tax man has always been the
1CLztNBVIhM-00057-00012207-00012423 largest creditor so just reducing that a
1CLztNBVIhM-00058-00012424-00012551 little bit has always made a lot of
1CLztNBVIhM-00059-00012552-00012703 sense then there's also of course a
1CLztNBVIhM-00060-00012704-00012879 psychological effect if you give
1CLztNBVIhM-00061-00012880-00013094 somebody somebody the goose that lays
1CLztNBVIhM-00062-00013095-00013255 the golden axe and then you're trying to
1CLztNBVIhM-00063-00013256-00013447 snatch away the axe at the back end you
1CLztNBVIhM-00064-00013447-00013615 always have this uphill battle because
1CLztNBVIhM-00065-00013616-00013871 the climax is ours even it's not and
1CLztNBVIhM-00066-00013872-00014030 what i'm basically saying is we're first
1CLztNBVIhM-00067-00014031-00014238 giving them the goose we're giving them
1CLztNBVIhM-00068-00014240-00014471 all the tools to code capital and then
1CLztNBVIhM-00069-00014472-00014686 something on top even because we exempt
1CLztNBVIhM-00070-00014687-00014879 the capital coders from other rules so
1CLztNBVIhM-00071-00014880-00015022 i'm basically saying well let's just
1CLztNBVIhM-00072-00015023-00015230 scale that back a little bit and we give
1CLztNBVIhM-00073-00015231-00015438 them a lot of fat big goose but maybe a
1CLztNBVIhM-00074-00015440-00015615 little chicken and then we can still
1CLztNBVIhM-00075-00015616-00015822 snatch away some eggs at the back and
1CLztNBVIhM-00076-00015823-00015991 but don't allow them to create these
1CLztNBVIhM-00077-00015991-00016175 amounts of wealth at the front end
1CLztNBVIhM-00078-00016176-00016358 economists have just a far too
1CLztNBVIhM-00079-00016359-00016535 simplified version of the world they
1CLztNBVIhM-00080-00016536-00016758 don't realize that as we play the rules
1CLztNBVIhM-00081-00016759-00016991 of the game change so the rules
1CLztNBVIhM-00082-00016992-00017215 themselves become the center of the game
1CLztNBVIhM-00083-00017216-00017430 especially for assets such as patents
1CLztNBVIhM-00084-00017431-00017599 intellectual property rights or
1CLztNBVIhM-00085-00017600-00017791 financial assets that owe their very
1CLztNBVIhM-00086-00017792-00017991 existence to these rules they don't
1CLztNBVIhM-00087-00017992-00018183 exist outside the game right when you go
1CLztNBVIhM-00088-00018184-00018350 into a video game the stuff is only in
1CLztNBVIhM-00089-00018351-00018607 the video games coded in software code
1CLztNBVIhM-00090-00018608-00019028 that's how our legal system works
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00000-00000143-00000262 now we're going to look at a little bit
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00001-00000263-00000487 of a different way to calculate the work
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00002-00000488-00000911 using something called the dot product
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00003-00000911-00001070 well you remember before if we had a
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00004-00001071-00001295 constant force we described our work
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00005-00001296-00001687 equation as the magnitude of the force
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00006-00001688-00001942 times the magnitude of the displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00007-00001943-00002199 times the cosine of the angle in between
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00008-00002200-00002310 them
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00009-00002311-00002550 so this equation used the magnitudes of
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00010-00002551-00002742 those two vector quantities force and
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00011-00002743-00002871 displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00012-00002872-00003087 and the directions come in using the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00013-00003088-00003359 angle
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00014-00003360-00003551 well now there's another way for us to
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00015-00003552-00003799 think about this angle down here the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00016-00003800-00003935 angle between the force and the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00017-00003936-00004151 displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00018-00004152-00004527 if i think about this force and project
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00019-00004528-00004847 it down onto the displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00020-00004848-00005135 i have this projection down here
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00021-00005136-00005479 and this projection is f cosine theta
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00022-00005480-00005670 because it's the adjacent side of this
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00023-00005671-00005863 triangle
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00024-00005864-00006102 so that means this f cosine theta could
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00025-00006103-00006318 be thought of as the parallel component
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00026-00006319-00006446 of the force
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00027-00006447-00006703 to the displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00028-00006704-00006910 in other words what work really cares
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00029-00006911-00007191 about is the parallel parts of the force
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00030-00007192-00007559 and the displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00031-00007559-00007767 so what if i start with my vectors in
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00032-00007768-00008119 vector equation notation
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00033-00008120-00008335 so i've got things like rather than
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00034-00008336-00008510 giving the magnitude and direction i've
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00035-00008511-00008823 given the force in my x and y components
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00036-00008824-00009031 with my i hat and j hat and the same
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00037-00009032-00009351 thing for my displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00038-00009352-00009559 how am i going to find the parallel
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00039-00009560-00009751 components of these two things without
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00040-00009752-00010014 knowing what the angle is
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00041-00010015-00010295 well it turns out if we look at the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00042-00010296-00010510 x component of the force and the x
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00043-00010511-00010751 component of the displacement those two
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00044-00010752-00010927 things are automatically parallel to
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00045-00010928-00011063 each other because they're both in the x
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00046-00011064-00011231 direction
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00047-00011232-00011535 similarly my f y and my delta y are
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00048-00011536-00011710 parallel to each other
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00049-00011711-00011974 so if i multiply not the entire force by
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00050-00011975-00012151 the entire displacement but the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00051-00012152-00012374 components in the x
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00052-00012375-00012606 and the components in the y
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00053-00012607-00012910 those two things are both parallel
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00054-00012911-00013102 components
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00055-00013103-00013286 now to get the full work i have to
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00056-00013287-00013494 include both of these
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00057-00013495-00013735 so i simply take those two numbers and
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00058-00013736-00013911 add them together
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00059-00013912-00014175 so i've got the x force and x
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00060-00014176-00014486 displacement multiplied plus
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00061-00014487-00014735 the y force and the y displacement
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00062-00014736-00015007 multiplied
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00063-00015008-00015222 now this is called a dot product and
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00064-00015223-00015463 it's one of our vector math things we
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00065-00015463-00015791 can do so what i would write this then
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00066-00015791-00016063 is that the work is the dot product
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00067-00016063-00016222 between the force vector and the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00068-00016223-00016391 displacement vector
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00069-00016392-00016583 and notice here i'm not using the
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00070-00016584-00016927 magnitudes anymore i'm using the vectors
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00071-00016928-00017119 and this isn't just multiplying two
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00072-00017120-00017367 numbers it's a vector multiplication
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00073-00017368-00017647 that follows a very specific format
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00074-00017648-00017863 in this case it's that thing where i
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00075-00017864-00018143 take the x components and multiply them
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00076-00018144-00018550 plus the y components and multiply them
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00077-00018551-00018822 so this dot product here
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00078-00018823-00019007 for my work
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00079-00019008-00019350 is exactly equivalent numerically to
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00080-00019351-00019558 taking the magnitudes and multiplying
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00081-00019559-00019743 them but then i also have to multiply
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00082-00019744-00019903 the angle in there
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00083-00019904-00020103 so if i'm given the angle it's more
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00084-00020104-00020279 convenient to use this form where i'm
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00085-00020280-00020494 taking the cosine of the angle
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00086-00020495-00020703 but if i'm given everything in component
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00087-00020704-00020983 form it's much more convenient to use
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00088-00020984-00021294 the dot product
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00089-00021295-00021494 in the end though regardless of which
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00090-00021495-00021758 way you do this you don't have two
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00091-00021759-00022303 vectors anymore you simply have a scalar
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00092-00022304-00022550 so sometimes this dot product is also
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00093-00022551-00023030 called the scalar product
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00094-00023031-00023286 so let's do an example of that so here's
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00095-00023287-00023519 an example where i've got my force
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00096-00023520-00023711 written out as a vector and my
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00097-00023712-00024047 displacement written out as a vector
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00098-00024048-00024222 well first i want to take the x
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00099-00024223-00024463 components the 2 and the i hat for my
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00100-00024464-00024767 force and my 4 in the i hat for my
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00101-00024768-00025071 displacement and that 2 newtons times 4
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00102-00025072-00025183 meters
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00103-00025184-00025367 and then my j
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00104-00025368-00025687 3 newtons and minus 1 meters gives me my
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00105-00025688-00025870 other part
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00106-00025872-00026190 when i multiply these i've got then 8
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00107-00026191-00026383 newton meters for the contribution of
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00108-00026383-00026583 the work in the x direction
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00109-00026583-00027023 and minus 3 newton meters for my j
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00110-00027024-00027190 direction
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00111-00027191-00027374 and putting those together
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00112-00027375-00027639 i then have 5 newton meters
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00113-00027639-00027855 so i don't have a vector anymore i've
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00114-00027856-00028046 just got a number
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00115-00028047-00028239 now remember we could also express that
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00116-00028239-00028543 5 newton meters as 5 joules because
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00117-00028544-00028743 joule is equivalent to a newton meter
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00118-00028744-00029174 it's the other unit we can use for work
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00119-00029175-00029383 so there's an example of dot products
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00120-00029383-00029646 and how we use them to find the work if
1DeJ-NkFUuA-00121-00029647-00030060 we've got a constant force
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1EErBEI7KOU-00005-00001091-00001307 10,000 male a profit book mono and earth
1EErBEI7KOU-00006-00001308-00001490 Allah their own thousand rupees Townsend
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1EErBEI7KOU-00008-00001739-00001939 enemies take one no evening the entries
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1EErBEI7KOU-00072-00014050-00014222 market in the Canal Zone on a four
1EErBEI7KOU-00073-00014223-00014382 hundred points a big killer number six
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1EErBEI7KOU-00075-00014584-00014816 rates so night to him with a gap down
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1EErBEI7KOU-00081-00015804-00016016 fine tonight here at - it's a on our new
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1EErBEI7KOU-00133-00026484-00026633 a market pathing I've been on I know
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1EErBEI7KOU-00198-00038368-00038493 cannot be in anything you know video
1EErBEI7KOU-00199-00038494-00038664 kill Erica number kuat's applet account
1EErBEI7KOU-00200-00038665-00038904 at Panama red ants curriculum is upon
1EErBEI7KOU-00201-00038905-00039057 her videos dynamo pokken anything in our
1EErBEI7KOU-00202-00039058-00039231 channel a subscribe Huntley ring bell
1EErBEI7KOU-00203-00039232-00039600 select money conga nandri
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00000-00000003-00000305 hello in this video I'm going to talk
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00001-00000306-00000580 about the relative reactivity of the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00002-00000581-00000894 different carboxylic acid derivatives
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00003-00000896-00001739 poured nucleophilic attack and this
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00004-00001739-00001873 video is going to be supplemented by
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00005-00001875-00002035 another video that's going to come back
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00006-00002036-00002317 and a little bit and other apartment
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00007-00002318-00002630 files into this series but right now
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00008-00002631-00002729 we're just going to talk about the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00009-00002730-00003135 carboxylic acid derivatives and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00010-00003136-00003413 currently for the most common types of
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00011-00003414-00003617 derivatives the carboxylic acid
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00012-00003618-00003872 derivatives range from the acid chloride
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00013-00003872-00004775 at the most reactive end and then most
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00014-00004776-00005002 people will put the nitrile functional
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00015-00005003-00005408 group at the least reactive end and I'm
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00016-00005409-00005563 not I'm going to leave some space on the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00017-00005564-00005735 other side of the nitrile because I I
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00018-00005736-00006154 have something I want to put over there
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00019-00006155-00006752 least if but all of the other things
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00020-00006753-00007619 kind of in between and hydrides are less
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00021-00007620-00007805 reactive than acid chlorides towards
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00022-00007806-00008110 nucleophiles carboxylic acids and esters
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00023-00008111-00008891 come in here next images are the next
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00024-00008892-00009263 functional group nitrogen and then I'm
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00025-00009264-00009476 actually going to make a point of
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00026-00009477-00010112 drawing over here on the far right the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00027-00010113-00010456 carboxylate anion and that's important
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00028-00010457-00011329 in a minute
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00029-00011330-00011759 8b you know that acid chloride is more
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00030-00011760-00012023 reactive than the the ester which is our
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00031-00012024-00012215 the not being hydride which is more
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00032-00012216-00012701 reactive than the carboxylic acid and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00033-00012702-00012962 the carboxylic acid is generally
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00034-00012963-00013163 considered to be about equivalent and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00035-00013163-00013672 reactivity to the ester ester is maybe
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00036-00013674-00013853 slightly less reactive in some cases
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00037-00013854-00014075 maybe more reactive depending on what
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00038-00014076-00014321 our group is on the ester esters are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00039-00014322-00014572 more reactive than damaged Emmet's are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00040-00014573-00014872 more reactive night trials though though
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00041-00014873-00014996 there are some folks that might put
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00042-00014997-00015182 image and night Charles in similar
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00043-00015183-00016253 reactivity okay I'm gonna have maybe say
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00044-00016254-00016352 the Damned butts are a little bit more
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00045-00016353-00016610 reactive than eyebrows kiss nitriles
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00046-00016611-00016744 have two triple bond instead of the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00047-00016745-00017047 carbonyl group and don't worry we'll
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00048-00017048-00017240 talk in the videos on the night Charles
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00049-00017241-00017431 how how they are still considered
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00050-00017432-00017771 carboxylic acid derivatives and then the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00051-00017772-00017981 carboxylate anion with its negative
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00052-00017982-00018128 charge is the least reactive since it
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00053-00018129-00018734 has a negative charge nucleophiles are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00054-00018735-00018983 things that have excess electron density
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00055-00018984-00019199 this thing has excess electron density
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00056-00019200-00019817 on its own so it's least likely to to do
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00057-00019818-00020122 so right when I teach this board this
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00058-00020123-00020339 this course I get to this topic after
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00059-00020340-00020581 I've covered aromatic substitution
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00060-00020582-00020719 reactions so I've already talked a lot
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00061-00020720-00020856 about electron donating an electron
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00062-00020857-00021287 withdrawing groups and so I've changed
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00063-00021288-00022478 my front to something weird
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00064-00022479-00022736 all right let me try to fix my pot sorry
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00065-00022737-00023427 thank you
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00066-00023428-00023667 and the chlorine and the halogens are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00067-00023668-00023878 weak deactivators these are electron
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00068-00023879-00024746 withdrawing groups and here the the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00069-00024747-00025311 acetate group actually kerbside the acid
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00070-00025312-00026080 oxy group is a moderate activator and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00071-00026081-00026510 [Music]
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00072-00026511-00026783 then the other functional groups you
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00073-00026785-00026931 know that are with the exception of the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00074-00026932-00027083 nitrile is weird these are all strong
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00075-00027085-00027737 activators so you can see that we have
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00076-00027738-00028073 electron withdrawing electron donating
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00077-00028074-00028757 better electron donating so really what
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00078-00028758-00029057 what we're comparing here is the ability
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00079-00029058-00029325 relative ability of whatever this thing
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00080-00029326-00029601 is I'm going to use Z we used it just a
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00081-00029602-00029862 generic thing and there's usually at
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00082-00029863-00030336 least one lone pair on Z the relative
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00083-00030337-00030614 ability of Z to be electron donating
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00084-00030616-00031740 through resonance
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00085-00031741-00032464 MZ is plus right so when Z is equal to
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00086-00032466-00033086 chlorine when Z is equal to chlorine we
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00087-00033087-00033415 can draw these two resonance structures
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00088-00033416-00034130 these two resonance contributors but if
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00089-00034131-00034574 fluorine is bigger and carbon and that
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00090-00034575-00034739 the second resonance structure is not
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00091-00034740-00035126 very important II and chlorines
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00092-00035127-00035234 electronegative
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00093-00035235-00035561 now the ability of all of the other
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00094-00035562-00035762 functional groups to be electron donors
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00095-00035763-00036011 is somewhat counterintuitive because
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00096-00036012-00036362 oxygen and nitrogen are electron
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00097-00036363-00036577 withdrawing by induction they you know
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00098-00036578-00036809 they're electronegative atoms but
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00099-00036810-00037274 because they have similar size to carbon
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00100-00037275-00037604 their ability to be donating by
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00101-00037605-00038330 resonance is pretty good and in the case
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00102-00038331-00038621 of the big asset oxy group on the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00103-00038622-00039455 anhydride the reason why it's not a
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00104-00039456-00039695 strong electron donors because there's
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00105-00039696-00039875 another carbonyl group over here that's
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00106-00039876-00040852 competing for attention so it's not
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00107-00040853-00041281 necessarily as good of a I don't mean
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00108-00041282-00041546 from the last video friend necessarily
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00109-00041547-00041729 it's bootephant electron donor as say
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00110-00041730-00042040 the Oh H or the alkoxy but it is still
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00111-00042041-00042506 capable of being electron donating such
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00112-00042507-00042824 as that is and then the carboxylic acid
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00113-00042825-00043082 in the ester are fairly similar so we'll
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00114-00043083-00043840 just do the ester
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00115-00043841-00044309 and you know that's so now now there
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00116-00044310-00044576 isn't another electron withdrawing group
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00117-00044577-00044762 on the other side of that oxygen another
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00118-00044763-00045035 carbonyl competing so this resonance
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00119-00045036-00045248 contributor is more important for the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00120-00045249-00045575 ester than it is today and hydride and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00121-00045576-00046142 then finally we get to let's just copy
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00122-00046143-00047494 the whole row we'll get to the image now
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00123-00047495-00047726 that's nitrogen is less electronegative
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00124-00047727-00047942 than oxygen this resonance contributor
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00125-00047943-00048326 it's even more important than it is for
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00126-00048327-00049073 for the ester and then finally you know
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00127-00049074-00049508 finally when we have the alkoxide anion
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00128-00049509-00049727 we already have we just have an anion so
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00129-00049728-00050636 this is as noted and I answer poor
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00130-00050637-00050837 electrophiles and I wanted to make sure
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00131-00050838-00051316 that I had the carboxylate anion list
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00132-00051317-00051461 because there's only one nucleophile
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00133-00051462-00051577 that I know of that reacts with the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00134-00051578-00051839 carboxylate anion I'm will get there
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00135-00051840-00052073 eventually down the line
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00136-00052074-00052354 it's lithium aluminum hydride which
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00137-00052355-00052652 reacts with everything so the nitrile is
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00138-00052653-00052855 a little bit weird it's just that it has
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00139-00052857-00053012 the triple bond and triple bonds are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00140-00053013-00053207 really stronger right so I want to
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00141-00053208-00053537 scroll back up here to the top and I
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00142-00053538-00053704 want to bring this stuff downward a
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00143-00053705-00054545 little bit to finish this video off and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00144-00054546-00054713 I want to I want to remove my my
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00145-00054714-00055013 activator the activator kind of language
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00146-00055014-00055741 here it's the big hero let's make it
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00147-00055742-00056476 under to make it
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00148-00056477-00057157 it is easy to convert more reactive
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00149-00057158-00057523 derivatives to less reactive derivatives
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00150-00057524-00057880 but there is a pathway for getting from
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00151-00057882-00058196 less reactive to more reactive there are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00152-00058197-00058397 a couple of specific reactions that are
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00153-00058398-00058646 possible one of them is the conversion
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00154-00058647-00059215 of carboxylic acids into acid chlorides
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00155-00059216-00059534 that enables some things the other one
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00156-00059535-00059873 is the you know the protonation of the
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00157-00059874-00060205 carboxylate anion it gives you a way to
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00158-00060207-00060626 get to the carboxylic acid from
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00159-00060627-00060947 something less reactive because you can
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00160-00060948-00061325 protonate the carboxylate anion and and
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00161-00061326-00061460 it's also possible under acidic
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00162-00061461-00061591 conditions to make things better
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00163-00061592-00061889 electrophiles and so you can also under
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00164-00061890-00062174 acidic conditions convert some of these
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00165-00062175-00062339 functional groups back to the carboxylic
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00166-00062340-00062672 acid as well but there are ways to get
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00167-00062673-00062876 from less reactive to more reactive
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00168-00062877-00063134 through the carboxylic acid them through
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00169-00063135-00063620 the carboxylate anion in the next
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00170-00063621-00063764 several videos i'm going to talk about
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00171-00063765-00063986 the different inter conversion reactions
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00172-00063987-00064214 between the functional groups on this
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00173-00064215-00064721 screen and hopefully I'll try to keep
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00174-00064722-00064859 each of those videos a little shorter
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00175-00064860-00065024 than this one in the last one thank you
1F2-Qy9ZtDk-00176-00065025-00065249 for watching
1HIUyICZPyk-00000-00000050-00000339 the vision Omega poly English the path
1HIUyICZPyk-00001-00000340-00000565 of purification is the great treatise on
1HIUyICZPyk-00002-00000566-00000757 Theravada Buddhist doctrine written by
1HIUyICZPyk-00003-00000758-00000954 Buddha Gosa approximately in the fifth
1HIUyICZPyk-00004-00000955-00001222 century in Sri Lanka it is a manual
1HIUyICZPyk-00005-00001223-00001447 condensing and systematizing the 5th
1HIUyICZPyk-00006-00001448-00001648 century understanding and interpretation
1HIUyICZPyk-00007-00001648-00001848 of the Buddhist path is maintained by
1HIUyICZPyk-00008-00001850-00002050 the elders of the mahavihara monastery
1HIUyICZPyk-00009-00002051-00002371 in anuradhapura Sri Lanka it is
1HIUyICZPyk-00010-00002372-00002566 considered the most important Theravada
1HIUyICZPyk-00011-00002567-00002782 text outside of the tip Ataka canon of
1HIUyICZPyk-00012-00002783-00003025 scriptures and is described as the hub
1HIUyICZPyk-00013-00003026-00003238 of a complete and coherent method of
1HIUyICZPyk-00014-00003239-00003570 exegesis of the tip itaca but it has
1HIUyICZPyk-00015-00003571-00003738 also been criticized for its non
1HIUyICZPyk-00016-00003739-00003906 canonical departures and its
1HIUyICZPyk-00017-00003907-00004147 interpretation of diana as concentration
1HIUyICZPyk-00018-00004148-00004503 meditation
1HIUyICZPyk-00019-00004504-00005018 topic background
1HIUyICZPyk-00020-00005019-00005504 topic structure
1HIUyICZPyk-00021-00005505-00005717 the structure of the vision Omega is
1HIUyICZPyk-00022-00005718-00005951 based on the wrath of Anita sutta relay
1HIUyICZPyk-00023-00005952-00006290 chariots discourse M and 24 which
1HIUyICZPyk-00024-00006291-00006448 describes the progression from the
1HIUyICZPyk-00025-00006450-00006617 purity of discipline to the final
1HIUyICZPyk-00026-00006618-00006820 destination of Nibbana in seven steps
1HIUyICZPyk-00027-00006822-00007084 the vision amonges material also
1HIUyICZPyk-00028-00007086-00007324 strongly resembles the material found in
1HIUyICZPyk-00029-00007325-00007484 an earlier treatise called the vim at
1HIUyICZPyk-00030-00007484-00007984 Omega C first or second century
1HIUyICZPyk-00031-00007984-00008564 topic reflecting later developments
1HIUyICZPyk-00032-00008565-00008792 the vision amonges doctrine reflects
1HIUyICZPyk-00033-00008793-00009035 Theravada abhidhamma scholasticism which
1HIUyICZPyk-00034-00009036-00009213 includes several innovations and
1HIUyICZPyk-00035-00009214-00009380 interpretations not found in the
1HIUyICZPyk-00036-00009381-00009573 earliest discourses studies of the
1HIUyICZPyk-00037-00009574-00009813 buddha buddha Xhosas vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00038-00009814-00010044 includes non canonical instructions on
1HIUyICZPyk-00039-00010045-00010305 Theravada mediation such as ways of
1HIUyICZPyk-00040-00010306-00010577 guarding the mental image namida which
1HIUyICZPyk-00041-00010578-00010769 point to later developments in Theravada
1HIUyICZPyk-00042-00010770-00011123 meditation
1HIUyICZPyk-00043-00011124-00011661 topic Cocina meditation
1HIUyICZPyk-00044-00011662-00011859 the vision Omega is centered around
1HIUyICZPyk-00045-00011860-00012060 cocina meditation a form of
1HIUyICZPyk-00046-00012061-00012267 concentration meditation in which the
1HIUyICZPyk-00047-00012268-00012467 mind is focused on a mental object
1HIUyICZPyk-00048-00012468-00012801 according to thany sorrow bhiku t he
1HIUyICZPyk-00049-00012802-00012981 texts then tries to fit all other
1HIUyICZPyk-00050-00012982-00013194 meditation methods into the mold of
1HIUyICZPyk-00051-00013194-00013413 cocina practice so that they to give
1HIUyICZPyk-00052-00013413-00013641 rise to counter signs but even by its
1HIUyICZPyk-00053-00013641-00013884 own admission breath meditation does not
1HIUyICZPyk-00054-00013885-00014172 fit well into the mold in its emphasis
1HIUyICZPyk-00055-00014172-00014409 on cocina meditation the vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00056-00014410-00014610 departs from the Pali Canon in which
1HIUyICZPyk-00057-00014611-00014796 Dhyana is the central meditative
1HIUyICZPyk-00058-00014797-00015018 practice indicating that what jhana
1HIUyICZPyk-00059-00015019-00015246 means in the commentaries as something
1HIUyICZPyk-00060-00015247-00015422 quite different from what it means in
1HIUyICZPyk-00061-00015424-00015821 the Canon
1HIUyICZPyk-00062-00015822-00016399 topic non Theravada influences
1HIUyICZPyk-00063-00016400-00016618 Kalu the Hana notes that the vision
1HIUyICZPyk-00064-00016619-00016825 Omega contains some metaphysical
1HIUyICZPyk-00065-00016826-00017116 speculations such as those of the Sarvis
1HIUyICZPyk-00066-00017117-00017344 dividends the solder and ekeus and even
1HIUyICZPyk-00067-00017345-00017514 the yoga Karin's
1HIUyICZPyk-00068-00017515-00017866 kelapa Hana comments Buddha Gosa was
1HIUyICZPyk-00069-00017867-00018076 careful in introducing any new ideas
1HIUyICZPyk-00070-00018077-00018268 into the mahavihara tradition in a way
1HIUyICZPyk-00071-00018269-00018517 that was too obvious there seems to be
1HIUyICZPyk-00072-00018518-00018697 no doubt that the vision Omega and the
1HIUyICZPyk-00073-00018698-00018883 commentaries are a testimony to the
1HIUyICZPyk-00074-00018884-00019072 abilities of a great harmonizer who
1HIUyICZPyk-00075-00019073-00019237 blended old and new ideas without
1HIUyICZPyk-00076-00019238-00019435 arousing suspicion in the minds of those
1HIUyICZPyk-00077-00019436-00019966 who were scrutinizing his work
1HIUyICZPyk-00078-00019967-00020480 topic contents
1HIUyICZPyk-00079-00020481-00020954 topic summary
1HIUyICZPyk-00080-00020955-00021194 the vision Omega is composed of three
1HIUyICZPyk-00081-00021195-00021476 sections which discuss one sila ethics
1HIUyICZPyk-00082-00021477-00021707 are disciplined two samadhi meditative
1HIUyICZPyk-00083-00021708-00021959 concentration three Ponyo understanding
1HIUyICZPyk-00084-00021960-00022268 or wisdom the first section part one
1HIUyICZPyk-00085-00022269-00022487 explains the rules of discipline and the
1HIUyICZPyk-00086-00022488-00022667 method for finding the correct temple to
1HIUyICZPyk-00087-00022668-00022868 practice or how to meet a good teacher
1HIUyICZPyk-00088-00022869-00023171 the second section part two describes
1HIUyICZPyk-00089-00023172-00023399 Samantha's practice object by object
1HIUyICZPyk-00090-00023400-00023606 seek a Madonna for the list of the 40
1HIUyICZPyk-00091-00023607-00023852 traditional objects it mentions
1HIUyICZPyk-00092-00023853-00024146 different stages of concentration the
1HIUyICZPyk-00093-00024147-00024227 third section
1HIUyICZPyk-00094-00024228-00024446 part three to seven is a description of
1HIUyICZPyk-00095-00024447-00024683 the five skandhas aggregates I Atanas
1HIUyICZPyk-00096-00024684-00024881 the Four Noble Truths dependent
1HIUyICZPyk-00097-00024882-00025121 origination pratityasamutpada and the
1HIUyICZPyk-00098-00025122-00025265 practice of Vipassana through the
1HIUyICZPyk-00099-00025266-00025505 development of wisdom it emphasizes
1HIUyICZPyk-00100-00025506-00025708 different forms of knowledge emerging
1HIUyICZPyk-00101-00025710-00025937 because of the practice this part shows
1HIUyICZPyk-00102-00025938-00026147 a great analytical effort specific to
1HIUyICZPyk-00103-00026148-00026526 Buddhist philosophy
1HIUyICZPyk-00104-00026527-00027131 topic seven stages of purification
1HIUyICZPyk-00105-00027132-00027433 this comparison between practicing seven
1HIUyICZPyk-00106-00027435-00027737 relay chariots points at the goal each
1HIUyICZPyk-00107-00027738-00027989 purity is needed to attain the next they
1HIUyICZPyk-00108-00027989-00028202 are often referred to as the seven
1HIUyICZPyk-00109-00028202-00028594 stages of purification sada visually
1HIUyICZPyk-00110-00028595-00028927 purification of conduct sila vision II
1HIUyICZPyk-00111-00028927-00029245 purification of mind citta vision II
1HIUyICZPyk-00112-00029245-00029566 purification of view DT vision II
1HIUyICZPyk-00113-00029567-00029807 purification by overcoming doubt kenka
1HIUyICZPyk-00114-00029808-00030113 vitter on a vision II purification by
1HIUyICZPyk-00115-00030114-00030308 knowledge and vision of what is path and
1HIUyICZPyk-00116-00030308-00030479 not path mag imagine you not asan
1HIUyICZPyk-00117-00030480-00030776 Division II purification by knowledge
1HIUyICZPyk-00118-00030777-00030947 and vision of the course of practice
1HIUyICZPyk-00119-00030948-00031156 p'tee petunia not asan Division II
1HIUyICZPyk-00120-00031157-00031388 knowledge of contemplation of rise and
1HIUyICZPyk-00121-00031389-00031624 fall you daya Bay Anoop asana nana
1HIUyICZPyk-00122-00031625-00031826 knowledge of contemplation of
1HIUyICZPyk-00123-00031827-00032058 dissolution baingan oop asana nana
1HIUyICZPyk-00124-00032060-00032330 knowledge of appearances terror by a to
1HIUyICZPyk-00125-00032331-00032636 patent a nana knowledge of contemplation
1HIUyICZPyk-00126-00032637-00032866 of danger add-in of Antep asana nana
1HIUyICZPyk-00127-00032867-00033134 knowledge of contemplation of dispassion
1HIUyICZPyk-00128-00033135-00033413 nib Adina pasanda nana knowledge of
1HIUyICZPyk-00129-00033414-00033587 desire for deliverance Mun Tsai de
1HIUyICZPyk-00130-00033588-00033821 cambio de nanã knowledge of
1HIUyICZPyk-00131-00033822-00034043 contemplation of reflection p'tee sonken
1HIUyICZPyk-00132-00034044-00034307 oop asana nana knowledge of equanimity
1HIUyICZPyk-00133-00034308-00034621 about formations Sankar Rupa Canada
1HIUyICZPyk-00134-00034622-00034942 conformity knowledge anuloma nana
1HIUyICZPyk-00135-00034943-00035138 purification by knowledge and vision
1HIUyICZPyk-00136-00035139-00035426 you're not a son of visually change of
1HIUyICZPyk-00137-00035427-00035714 lineage the first path and fruit
1HIUyICZPyk-00138-00035715-00036089 the second path and fruit the third path
1HIUyICZPyk-00139-00036090-00036400 and fruit the fourth path in fruit the
1HIUyICZPyk-00140-00036401-00036647 purification by knowledge and vision is
1HIUyICZPyk-00141-00036648-00036914 the culmination of the practice in four
1HIUyICZPyk-00142-00036915-00037124 stages leading to liberation in Nirvana
1HIUyICZPyk-00143-00037125-00037373 the emphasis in this system is on
1HIUyICZPyk-00144-00037374-00037529 understanding the three marks of
1HIUyICZPyk-00145-00037530-00037850 existence dukkha inada anita this
1HIUyICZPyk-00146-00037851-00038066 emphasis is recognizable in the value
1HIUyICZPyk-00147-00038067-00038264 that is given to Vipassana over samatha
1HIUyICZPyk-00148-00038265-00038503 in the contemporary Vipassana movement
1HIUyICZPyk-00149-00038504-00038744 topics it is according to scholars the
1HIUyICZPyk-00150-00038745-00038945 vision omega is one of the extremely
1HIUyICZPyk-00151-00038946-00039116 rare texts within the enormous
1HIUyICZPyk-00152-00039117-00039341 literature's of various forms of Jainism
1HIUyICZPyk-00153-00039342-00039566 Buddhism and Hinduism to give explicit
1HIUyICZPyk-00154-00039567-00039779 details about how spiritual masters were
1HIUyICZPyk-00155-00039780-00039968 thought to actually manifest supernormal
1HIUyICZPyk-00156-00039969-00040253 abilities abilities such as flying
1HIUyICZPyk-00157-00040254-00040310 through the air
1HIUyICZPyk-00158-00040311-00040514 walking through solid obstructions
1HIUyICZPyk-00159-00040515-00040703 diving into the ground walking on water
1HIUyICZPyk-00160-00040704-00040922 and so forth are performed by changing
1HIUyICZPyk-00161-00040923-00041105 one element such as earth into another
1HIUyICZPyk-00162-00041106-00041423 element such as air the individual must
1HIUyICZPyk-00163-00041424-00041651 master Cocina meditation before this is
1HIUyICZPyk-00164-00041652-00041927 possible diplomat reigned via the vision
1HIUyICZPyk-00165-00041928-00042092 Omega was said to demonstrate these
1HIUyICZPyk-00166-00042093-00042377 abilities topic influence topic
1HIUyICZPyk-00167-00042378-00042572 traditional Theravada the vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00168-00042573-00042740 is considered the most important
1HIUyICZPyk-00169-00042741-00042950 Theravada text outside of the tip Ataka
1HIUyICZPyk-00170-00042951-00043220 canon of scriptures according to Nana
1HIUyICZPyk-00171-00043221-00043439 Mele bhiku it is the hub of a complete
1HIUyICZPyk-00172-00043440-00043655 and coherent method of exegesis of the
1HIUyICZPyk-00173-00043656-00043724 tip itaca
1HIUyICZPyk-00174-00043725-00043919 using the abhidhamma method as it is
1HIUyICZPyk-00175-00043920-00044150 called and it sets out detailed
1HIUyICZPyk-00176-00044151-00044351 practical instructions for developing
1HIUyICZPyk-00177-00044352-00044594 purification of mine topic contemporary
1HIUyICZPyk-00178-00044595-00044801 Theravada the vision omega is one of the
1HIUyICZPyk-00179-00044802-00044975 main texts on which contemporary
1HIUyICZPyk-00180-00044976-00045185 Vipassana method is based together with
1HIUyICZPyk-00181-00045186-00045446 the Satipo theta sutta yet its emphasis
1HIUyICZPyk-00182-00045447-00045683 on cocina meditation and its claim of
1HIUyICZPyk-00183-00045684-00045899 the possibility of dry insight has also
1HIUyICZPyk-00184-00045900-00046073 been criticized and rejected by
1HIUyICZPyk-00185-00046074-00046301 contemporary Theravada scholars and by
1HIUyICZPyk-00186-00046302-00046565 Vipassana teachers according to Thanos
1HIUyICZPyk-00187-00046566-00046820 Arabic nu the vision Omega uses a very
1HIUyICZPyk-00188-00046821-00047021 different paradigm for concentration
1HIUyICZPyk-00189-00047022-00047201 from what you find in the canon monte
1HIUyICZPyk-00190-00047202-00047408 henna polygon Ratana also notes that
1HIUyICZPyk-00191-00047409-00047597 what the suttas say is not the same as
1HIUyICZPyk-00192-00047598-00047762 what the vision of Magha says they are
1HIUyICZPyk-00193-00047763-00047912 actually different leading to a
1HIUyICZPyk-00194-00047913-00048086 divergence between a traditional
1HIUyICZPyk-00195-00048087-00048284 scholarly understanding and a practical
1HIUyICZPyk-00196-00048285-00048467 understanding based on meditative
1HIUyICZPyk-00197-00048468-00048746 experience Gunnar a ton of further notes
1HIUyICZPyk-00198-00048747-00048953 that Buddha Gosa invented several key
1HIUyICZPyk-00199-00048954-00049139 meditation terms which are not to be
1HIUyICZPyk-00200-00049140-00049331 found in the suttas such as parikamma
1HIUyICZPyk-00201-00049332-00049589 samadhi preparatory concentration oopah
1HIUyICZPyk-00202-00049590-00049856 cara samadhi access concentration upon a
1HIUyICZPyk-00203-00049857-00050063 samadhi absorption concentration
1HIUyICZPyk-00204-00050064-00050273 gunaratana also notes that the Buddha
1HIUyICZPyk-00205-00050274-00050504 Xhosas emphasis on cocina meditation is
1HIUyICZPyk-00206-00050505-00050663 not to be found in the studies where
1HIUyICZPyk-00207-00050664-00050816 Dhyana is always combined with
1HIUyICZPyk-00208-00050817-00051053 mindfulness bhikkhus tsujido has argued
1HIUyICZPyk-00209-00051054-00051221 that certain views regarding Buddhist
1HIUyICZPyk-00210-00051222-00051430 meditation expounded in the vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00211-00051432-00051632 are a distortion of the suttas since it
1HIUyICZPyk-00212-00051633-00051869 denies the necessity of jhana the
1HIUyICZPyk-00213-00051870-00052133 Australian monk Srivastava Mecca is also
1HIUyICZPyk-00214-00052134-00052340 critical of contemporary practice based
1HIUyICZPyk-00215-00052341-00052598 on this work he concludes that Buddha
1HIUyICZPyk-00216-00052599-00052780 Gosa did not believe that following the
1HIUyICZPyk-00217-00052782-00052964 practice set forth in the vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00218-00052965-00053167 will really lead him to Nirvana basing
1HIUyICZPyk-00219-00053169-00053345 himself on the PostScript to the vision
1HIUyICZPyk-00220-00053346-00053552 Omega even Buddha Gosa did not really
1HIUyICZPyk-00221-00053553-00053723 believe that Theravada practice could
1HIUyICZPyk-00222-00053724-00053823 lead to Nirvana
1HIUyICZPyk-00223-00053824-00054054 his vision Omega is supposed to be a
1HIUyICZPyk-00224-00054054-00054222 detailed step-by-step guide to
1HIUyICZPyk-00225-00054223-00054482 enlightenment and yet in the PostScript
1HIUyICZPyk-00226-00054483-00054668 he says he hopes that the merit he has
1HIUyICZPyk-00227-00054669-00054812 earned by writing the Vishu dum AGGA
1HIUyICZPyk-00228-00054813-00054972 will allow him to be reborn in heaven
1HIUyICZPyk-00229-00054973-00055238 abide there until Metea Maitreya appears
1HIUyICZPyk-00230-00055239-00055391 here his teaching and then attain
1HIUyICZPyk-00231-00055392-00055667 enlightenment topics see also Buddha
1HIUyICZPyk-00232-00055668-00055904 goes to Silas samatha Vipassana topic
1HIUyICZPyk-00233-00055905-00056126 additions topic printed Poli editions
1HIUyICZPyk-00234-00056127-00056369 Caroline AF Rhys David's vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00235-00056370-00056766 Poli text society London 1920 and 1921
1HIUyICZPyk-00236-00056766-00056888 latin script
1HIUyICZPyk-00237-00056889-00057222 warren HC and Kosambi DD vision omega of
1HIUyICZPyk-00238-00057223-00057431 buddha Xhosa korea harvard oriental
1HIUyICZPyk-00239-00057432-00057893 series vol 41 1950 latin script hey whoa
1HIUyICZPyk-00240-00057894-00058116 Vuitton Ava quest Edition Colombo Sri
1HIUyICZPyk-00241-00058116-00058400 Lanka Sinhalese script topics Southeast
1HIUyICZPyk-00242-00058401-00058607 Asia Sinhalese sinhala vision team are
1HIUyICZPyk-00243-00058608-00058868 gaya pandita Matara Sridhar mavim sister
1HIUyICZPyk-00244-00058869-00058971 Veera Matara
1HIUyICZPyk-00245-00058972-00059342 sri lanka 1953 Sinhalese burmese honda
1HIUyICZPyk-00246-00059343-00059585 wadi press edition Rangoon Myanmar
1HIUyICZPyk-00247-00059586-00059786 Burmese crypt their royal Siamese
1HIUyICZPyk-00248-00059787-00060041 edition Bangkok Thailand Thai script
1HIUyICZPyk-00249-00060042-00060299 come for y sub lemur comfy Wis at the
1HIUyICZPyk-00250-00060300-00060573 Mac Sandidge phra buddha korea artists
1HIUyICZPyk-00251-00060574-00060929 abba maja Thera 6th edition bangkok maha
1HIUyICZPyk-00252-00060930-00061328 chulalongkorn raj DLI university b e
1HIUyICZPyk-00253-00061329-00061809 2548 2005 ISBN nine seven four nine one
1HIUyICZPyk-00254-00061810-00062121 six four one five six topic english
1HIUyICZPyk-00255-00062122-00062366 translations the path of purity Peyman
1HIUyICZPyk-00256-00062367-00062657 trans poly text society London
1HIUyICZPyk-00257-00062658-00063123 3 Vols 1922 231 part 1 a virtue part 2
1HIUyICZPyk-00258-00063124-00063326 of concentration and part 3 of
1HIUyICZPyk-00259-00063327-00063609 understanding vicuna anomaly trans the
1HIUyICZPyk-00260-00063610-00063803 path of purification vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00261-00063804-00064118 Buddhist publication society candy 2011
1HIUyICZPyk-00262-00064119-00064579 is B and 955 to 400 two three six
1HIUyICZPyk-00263-00064580-00064890 Buddhist meditation Edward Khan's trans
1HIUyICZPyk-00264-00064891-00065097 and be partial translation
1HIUyICZPyk-00265-00065098-00065636 2002 ISBN 8 1 - 1 5 o 7 8 1 2 & RM a
1HIUyICZPyk-00266-00065637-00066015 hara trans soma Thera trans and chemin
1HIUyICZPyk-00267-00066016-00066124 de Thera trans
1HIUyICZPyk-00268-00066125-00066485 1995 the path of freedom Dimity mega
1HIUyICZPyk-00269-00066486-00066716 by the era Han - padishah Kandy Sri
1HIUyICZPyk-00270-00066717-00067073 Lanka Buddhist publication society is B
1HIUyICZPyk-00271-00067074-00067215 and 955
1HIUyICZPyk-00272-00067216-00067728 - 400 five four six online HTTP colon
1HIUyICZPyk-00273-00067729-00067935 slash slash archive.org
1HIUyICZPyk-00274-00067936-00068238 details era hand upon OSA - women -
1HIUyICZPyk-00275-00068239-00068508 Maggie - path of freedom dot PDF topic
1HIUyICZPyk-00276-00068509-00068745 other European translations der wegler
1HIUyICZPyk-00277-00068746-00068964 Rhine height nyan a de luca and ver leg
1HIUyICZPyk-00278-00068965-00069348 Christiani trans con stands 1952 german
1HIUyICZPyk-00279-00069349-00069573 lick chemin de la corte christian maze
1HIUyICZPyk-00280-00069574-00069981 for yard 2002 francais ISBN nine seven
1HIUyICZPyk-00281-00069982-00070281 eight two two one three six oh seven six
1HIUyICZPyk-00282-00070282-00070470 five eight Ilsan Tierra del a
1HIUyICZPyk-00283-00070471-00070722 purification e Antonella Serena combi
1HIUyICZPyk-00284-00070723-00071094 lulu.com 2010 Secunda edizioni italiano
1HIUyICZPyk-00285-00071095-00071343 topic notes topic references topic
1HIUyICZPyk-00286-00071344-00071619 sources topic external links mahasaya da
1HIUyICZPyk-00287-00071620-00071820 the progress of insight vision and Jana
1HIUyICZPyk-00288-00071821-00072204 katha vey Matara Sri Manorama the seven
1HIUyICZPyk-00289-00072205-00072420 stages of purification in the insight
1HIUyICZPyk-00290-00072421-00072597 knowledge --is the entire vision Omega
1HIUyICZPyk-00291-00072598-00072822 the path of purification by pedantic
1HIUyICZPyk-00292-00072823-00073172 Arya Buddha Gosset TR by jnana muladhara
1HIUyICZPyk-00293-00073173-00073500 the path of purification vision Omega by
1HIUyICZPyk-00294-00073501-00073851 bid on taqueria Buddha Gaza
1HNNz7vlJky-00000-00000104-00000390 good morning everyone my name is marlese
1HNNz7vlJky-00001-00000391-00000655 i'm diagnosed with breast cancer
1HNNz7vlJky-00002-00000656-00000847 i'm stage three
1HNNz7vlJky-00003-00000848-00001174 um i struggle a lot of anxiety
1HNNz7vlJky-00004-00001175-00001319 because um
1HNNz7vlJky-00005-00001320-00001734 of all this stuff is happening
1HNNz7vlJky-00006-00001735-00001934 i need to raise funds
1HNNz7vlJky-00007-00001935-00002375 as soon as possible because the medical
1HNNz7vlJky-00008-00002376-00002631 we don't have medical aid
1HNNz7vlJky-00009-00002632-00002710 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00010-00002711-00003079 i struggle with anxiety very very much
1HNNz7vlJky-00011-00003080-00003399 i'm not eating well i'm losing weight
1HNNz7vlJky-00012-00003400-00003599 i'm stressed
1HNNz7vlJky-00013-00003600-00003863 and they must remove my
1HNNz7vlJky-00014-00003864-00004022 right
1HNNz7vlJky-00015-00004023-00004159 braised
1HNNz7vlJky-00016-00004160-00004254 so
1HNNz7vlJky-00017-00004255-00004519 i need to raise funds for that
1HNNz7vlJky-00018-00004520-00004686 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00019-00004687-00004919 um i'm very ill i don't feel well
1HNNz7vlJky-00020-00004920-00005215 because of the anxiety don't sleep a lot
1HNNz7vlJky-00021-00005216-00005415 um
1HNNz7vlJky-00022-00005416-00005535 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00023-00005536-00005822 yeah it's a very difficult role for me
1HNNz7vlJky-00024-00005823-00006063 but i knew there is some angels out
1HNNz7vlJky-00025-00006064-00006263 there that will help me
1HNNz7vlJky-00026-00006264-00006359 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00027-00006360-00006550 help me to raising funds
1HNNz7vlJky-00028-00006551-00006670 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00029-00006672-00006831 just
1HNNz7vlJky-00030-00006831-00007110 i must just just believe and it's it's
1HNNz7vlJky-00031-00007111-00007246 very hot
1HNNz7vlJky-00032-00007247-00007487 so if there is everyone there out there
1HNNz7vlJky-00033-00007488-00007663 that can help me i will be really
1HNNz7vlJky-00034-00007664-00007823 appreciated
1HNNz7vlJky-00035-00007823-00007927 um
1HNNz7vlJky-00036-00007928-00008103 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00037-00008104-00008319 thank you for for those who
1HNNz7vlJky-00038-00008320-00008559 already put some
1HNNz7vlJky-00039-00008560-00008846 um in my backup buddy account
1HNNz7vlJky-00040-00008847-00008999 um
1HNNz7vlJky-00041-00009000-00009327 i will appreciate if
1HNNz7vlJky-00042-00009328-00009567 i'm just asking for
1HNNz7vlJky-00043-00009568-00010023 any any funds any if you can put 200 or
1HNNz7vlJky-00044-00010024-00010255 something like that it's fine
1HNNz7vlJky-00045-00010256-00010342 every
1HNNz7vlJky-00046-00010343-00010574 little bit will help me to get through
1HNNz7vlJky-00047-00010575-00010910 this and the road i'm working in
1HNNz7vlJky-00048-00010911-00011046 so
1HNNz7vlJky-00049-00011047-00011327 please if someone can help me
1HNNz7vlJky-00050-00011328-00011574 i will appreciate it
1HNNz7vlJky-00051-00011575-00011799 enjoy your day god bless
1HNNz7vlJky-00052-00011800-00011919 and
1HNNz7vlJky-00053-00011920-00012243 be safe
1K-FTl1dI5U-00000-00000805-00001684 we shall make use of you if you knew who
1K-FTl1dI5U-00001-00001685-00001993 I was who I represent you wouldn't have
1K-FTl1dI5U-00002-00001994-00002458 walked in here looking like that you're
1K-FTl1dI5U-00003-00002459-00002760 like getting into trouble
1L2qDXetlag-00000-00001175-00001491 wow
1L2qDXetlag-00002-00008484-00011283 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00003-00011284-00014083 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00004-00014084-00016883 a
1L2qDXetlag-00005-00016884-00019683 okay
1L2qDXetlag-00006-00019684-00021590 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00009-00036484-00037883 uh
1L2qDXetlag-00012-00046284-00047783 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00013-00047784-00050483 l
1L2qDXetlag-00018-00070083-00071482 uh
1L2qDXetlag-00019-00071483-00071719 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00020-00071720-00072679 wow nice
1L2qDXetlag-00021-00072680-00074282 okay let's
1L2qDXetlag-00022-00074283-00075682 um
1L2qDXetlag-00024-00085483-00086882 foreign
1L2qDXetlag-00026-00090072-00090280 you
1LncTkYvzk4-00000-00000008-00000182 dj what do you think has made nestor so
1LncTkYvzk4-00001-00000183-00000359 effective not only tonight but just
1LncTkYvzk4-00002-00000360-00000526 really over the last year
1LncTkYvzk4-00003-00000527-00000663 yeah he's um
1LncTkYvzk4-00004-00000664-00000871 his fastball plays up and he's got good
1LncTkYvzk4-00005-00000872-00000991 off speed and
1LncTkYvzk4-00006-00000992-00001087 um
1LncTkYvzk4-00007-00001088-00001327 he knows what he's doing out there so uh
1LncTkYvzk4-00008-00001328-00001550 he's uh just continues to get better
1LncTkYvzk4-00009-00001551-00001702 what type of an asset could he be to
1LncTkYvzk4-00010-00001703-00001982 this rotation this pitching staff
1LncTkYvzk4-00011-00001984-00002223 i mean he's got a lot of arms um but
1LncTkYvzk4-00012-00002224-00002447 he's approved it last year he's proved
1LncTkYvzk4-00013-00002448-00002647 it over his career and um
1LncTkYvzk4-00014-00002648-00002807 you know it's his time and he looks
1LncTkYvzk4-00015-00002808-00002934 great out there how does aaron hicks
1LncTkYvzk4-00016-00002935-00003118 look to you to start the season he looks
1LncTkYvzk4-00017-00003119-00003327 really good yeah looks really good looks
1LncTkYvzk4-00018-00003328-00003470 like himself again
1LncTkYvzk4-00019-00003471-00003735 dj from anders perspective what makes it
1LncTkYvzk4-00020-00003736-00003990 tough to track in terms of nestor's
1LncTkYvzk4-00021-00003992-00004143 fastball
1LncTkYvzk4-00022-00004144-00004479 um you know he's got his fastball
1LncTkYvzk4-00023-00004480-00004719 you know it reads 90 92
1LncTkYvzk4-00024-00004720-00004822 um
1LncTkYvzk4-00025-00004823-00005183 but it it it plays up you know 90 94 93
1LncTkYvzk4-00026-00005184-00005438 94 it's sneaky he's got kind of a short
1LncTkYvzk4-00027-00005439-00005543 arm
1LncTkYvzk4-00028-00005544-00005718 just facing him a little bit live and
1LncTkYvzk4-00029-00005719-00005927 then just watching hitters you know hit
1LncTkYvzk4-00030-00005928-00006031 against him he's just got a sneaky
1LncTkYvzk4-00031-00006032-00006206 fastball and like i said that his off
1LncTkYvzk4-00032-00006207-00006311 speed's
1LncTkYvzk4-00033-00006312-00006527 you know it's uh you know he knows how
1LncTkYvzk4-00034-00006528-00006767 to locate it when aaron hicks is healthy
1LncTkYvzk4-00035-00006768-00006846 and
1LncTkYvzk4-00036-00006847-00007023 hidden and get taken as walks what what
1LncTkYvzk4-00037-00007023-00007270 does he bring to the team yeah he's just
1LncTkYvzk4-00038-00007272-00007414 a he's a
1LncTkYvzk4-00039-00007415-00007559 she's a good hitter he's a tough tough
1LncTkYvzk4-00040-00007559-00007767 at bat for to face he he doesn't chase
1LncTkYvzk4-00041-00007768-00007870 pitches
1LncTkYvzk4-00042-00007872-00008087 uh he does damage and on you know he can
1LncTkYvzk4-00043-00008088-00008255 do damage on pitches that are over the
1LncTkYvzk4-00044-00008256-00008359 plate and
1LncTkYvzk4-00045-00008360-00008559 um you know when he's in a roll uh when
1LncTkYvzk4-00046-00008560-00008767 he's in a rhythm he's um you know seems
1LncTkYvzk4-00047-00008768-00008903 like he's always on base always doing
1LncTkYvzk4-00048-00008904-00009063 damage so um and that's how he's looked
1LncTkYvzk4-00049-00009064-00009231 the last couple of games for sure you
1LncTkYvzk4-00050-00009232-00009342 feel like you're starting to get in a
1LncTkYvzk4-00051-00009343-00009639 rhythm yeah yeah i feel good um yeah i
1LncTkYvzk4-00052-00009640-00009742 feel really good
1LncTkYvzk4-00053-00009743-00009863 what'd you think of the fight you made
1LncTkYvzk4-00054-00009864-00009999 in the second inning when you had the
1LncTkYvzk4-00055-00010000-00010278 four minute outfit on the hips
1LncTkYvzk4-00056-00010279-00010535 oh yeah i forgot about that um
1LncTkYvzk4-00057-00010536-00010727 yeah we you know tried in spring
1LncTkYvzk4-00058-00010728-00010983 training a little bit um
1LncTkYvzk4-00059-00010984-00011151 you know i guess that's what this guy
1LncTkYvzk4-00060-00011152-00011327 report says
1LncTkYvzk4-00061-00011328-00011438 kind of said it was a bit of an
1LncTkYvzk4-00062-00011439-00011574 adventure for him
1LncTkYvzk4-00063-00011575-00011751 yeah yeah but you know
1LncTkYvzk4-00064-00011752-00012136 he's athletic enough he's fine
1LGeXR8yZHU-00000-00000035-00001093 foreign
1LGeXR8yZHU-00001-00001094-00001516 project this is how it functions
1LGeXR8yZHU-00002-00001517-00001768 when you go to the main screen you can
1LGeXR8yZHU-00003-00001769-00002141 see five buttons that are colored one
1LGeXR8yZHU-00004-00002142-00002615 eraser button and a scroll bar
1LGeXR8yZHU-00005-00002616-00002825 the code
1LGeXR8yZHU-00006-00002826-00003385 we use the hide code from Turtle to hide
1LGeXR8yZHU-00007-00003386-00003749 the mouse pointer which comes on the
1LGeXR8yZHU-00008-00003750-00003833 screen
1LGeXR8yZHU-00009-00003834-00004049 because if you're using a mobile you're
1LGeXR8yZHU-00010-00004050-00004522 gonna see a nice pounder on your screen
1LGeXR8yZHU-00011-00004523-00004883 pen color pen color sits the default pen
1LGeXR8yZHU-00012-00004884-00005111 color before you choose any of the five
1LGeXR8yZHU-00013-00005112-00005404 colors to Black
1LGeXR8yZHU-00014-00005405-00005806 and it sets the pen position to be up
1LGeXR8yZHU-00015-00005807-00006172 on event when somebody interacts with
1LGeXR8yZHU-00016-00006173-00006527 their screen and moves their Mouse a
1LGeXR8yZHU-00017-00006528-00006863 event happens which moves the
1LGeXR8yZHU-00018-00006864-00007078 Mouse
1LGeXR8yZHU-00019-00007079-00007589 from event point x to even 0.5
1LGeXR8yZHU-00020-00007590-00007973 on event screen one when we use the
1LGeXR8yZHU-00021-00007973-00008110 mouse to go
1LGeXR8yZHU-00022-00008111-00008369 drag it down
1LGeXR8yZHU-00023-00008370-00008596 another event happens
1LGeXR8yZHU-00024-00008597-00009046 this time it moves it from X to y
1LGeXR8yZHU-00025-00009047-00009455 and it puts the pen position down
1LGeXR8yZHU-00026-00009456-00009737 on event when we interact with the
1LGeXR8yZHU-00027-00009738-00010228 screen with our Mouse facing up yeah
1LGeXR8yZHU-00028-00010229-00010691 the pen position sets to up
1LGeXR8yZHU-00029-00010692-00011183 when we interact with the slider
1LGeXR8yZHU-00030-00011184-00011705 it sets them out position up
1LGeXR8yZHU-00031-00011706-00012113 slider changes the Pen's width
1LGeXR8yZHU-00032-00012114-00012292 to
1LGeXR8yZHU-00033-00012293-00012641 a more thicker version of the normal
1LGeXR8yZHU-00034-00012642-00012916 color
1LGeXR8yZHU-00035-00012917-00013138 when you
1LGeXR8yZHU-00036-00013140-00013480 when you click the black button
1LGeXR8yZHU-00037-00013481-00013865 it sets your pens RPG color to zero zero
1LGeXR8yZHU-00038-00013866-00013955 zero
1LGeXR8yZHU-00039-00013956-00014219 when you select
1LGeXR8yZHU-00040-00014219-00014566 B1 or the red button
1LGeXR8yZHU-00041-00014568-00014885 it sets your
1LGeXR8yZHU-00042-00014886-00015377 pen color to hashtag hashtag s
1LGeXR8yZHU-00043-00015378-00015601 or red
1LGeXR8yZHU-00044-00015602-00016072 when you click on V2
1LGeXR8yZHU-00045-00016073-00016300 or dark blue
1LGeXR8yZHU-00046-00016301-00016900 it changes your pen color to RBG 60255
1LGeXR8yZHU-00047-00016901-00017272 when you click on pen on button number
1LGeXR8yZHU-00048-00017273-00017386 three
1LGeXR8yZHU-00049-00017387-00017567 or cyan
1LGeXR8yZHU-00050-00017568-00017999 it sets your pens RPG color to 0 to 31
1LGeXR8yZHU-00051-00018000-00018179 255.
1LGeXR8yZHU-00052-00018180-00018335 when you click
1LGeXR8yZHU-00053-00018336-00018550 on button 4.
1LGeXR8yZHU-00054-00018551-00018844 or green
1LGeXR8yZHU-00055-00018845-00019253 it sets your Pen's RPG color to 35 to 55
1LGeXR8yZHU-00056-00019254-00019619 0. when you click on the pen
1LGeXR8yZHU-00057-00019620-00019985 when you click on the eraser
1LGeXR8yZHU-00058-00019986-00020764 it sets your pen color to 255 to 55 255
1LGeXR8yZHU-00059-00020765-00020963 when you run the app
1LGeXR8yZHU-00060-00020964-00021257 you can see that the color by default
1LGeXR8yZHU-00061-00021258-00021569 is set as black
1LGeXR8yZHU-00062-00021570-00021844 when you select a different color it
1LGeXR8yZHU-00063-00021845-00022300 changes your color of pen
1LGeXR8yZHU-00064-00022301-00022714 if you use the bar above you can set the
1LGeXR8yZHU-00065-00022715-00023221 thickness of your PIN
1LGeXR8yZHU-00066-00023222-00023503 thank you
1LGeXR8yZHU-00067-00023504-00023800 when you click on the Eraser button it
1LGeXR8yZHU-00068-00023801-00024041 changes your pen color to white so you
1LGeXR8yZHU-00069-00024042-00024269 can erase all of the stuff that you have
1LGeXR8yZHU-00070-00024270-00025441 written or made on the Whiteboard
1LGeXR8yZHU-00071-00025442-00025649 thank you ma'am
1LGeXR8yZHU-00072-00025650-00026012 I hope you like my project
1MD7CGy2Siy-00000-00000000-00000521 and it was launched in 2011 with two
1MD7CGy2Siy-00001-00000522-00000736 additional source contribute to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00002-00000737-00001031 development to the development of 200
1MD7CGy2Siy-00003-00001032-00001319 new therapies and to provide means to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00004-00001320-00001693 badness both Francis's of course this
1MD7CGy2Siy-00005-00001694-00002066 will be this course will be met not only
1MD7CGy2Siy-00006-00002067-00002479 thanks to a lipid many groups and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00007-00002480-00002774 organization in the world next night but
1MD7CGy2Siy-00008-00002775-00003263 when we stand now next lot okay in
1MD7CGy2Siy-00009-00003264-00003672 further at the fact that if we want to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00010-00003673-00003992 to do that we discovered by
1MD7CGy2Siy-00011-00003993-00004160 conservatives so many people that the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00012-00004161-00004454 main problem is not accessing clinical
1MD7CGy2Siy-00013-00004455-00004754 data we need to do know about these
1MD7CGy2Siy-00014-00004755-00005066 disease who have a really data on how
1MD7CGy2Siy-00015-00005067-00005315 the disease devil and also when a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00016-00005316-00005695 treatment is in development to have that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00017-00005696-00006026 app which will be used after market
1MD7CGy2Siy-00018-00006027-00006218 authorization to monitor the effect of
1MD7CGy2Siy-00019-00006219-00006439 the treatment and for that you need to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00020-00006440-00006739 have the corrosion from many many groups
1MD7CGy2Siy-00021-00006740-00007019 of course industry doctors or academic
1MD7CGy2Siy-00022-00007020-00007145 group facial
1MD7CGy2Siy-00023-00007145-00007445 decision yes aboriginals the regulator's
1MD7CGy2Siy-00024-00007445-00007769 the national competitive authorities and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00025-00007770-00008098 the ethnic neurology and genesis as well
1MD7CGy2Siy-00026-00008100-00008375 and that's not so easy because in the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00027-00008376-00008657 past registries where holder and leg up
1MD7CGy2Siy-00028-00008658-00008954 either by academia openness to next
1MD7CGy2Siy-00029-00008955-00009296 slide and so the proposed solutions that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00030-00009297-00009593 we have to address these problems here
1MD7CGy2Siy-00031-00009594-00009935 at LG is to say that now there should be
1MD7CGy2Siy-00032-00009936-00010135 an obligation to make data accessible
1MD7CGy2Siy-00033-00010136-00010409 after an embargo failure because
1MD7CGy2Siy-00034-00010410-00010699 researchers want to publish of course
1MD7CGy2Siy-00035-00010700-00010951 and also be recommend that any
1MD7CGy2Siy-00036-00010952-00011606 organization financing research ask the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00037-00011607-00011831 researchers to assign fun person of the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00038-00011832-00012098 research trends that the story and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00039-00012099-00012391 sharing to make what has been developed
1MD7CGy2Siy-00040-00012392-00012680 and collected thanks to reserves
1MD7CGy2Siy-00041-00012681-00013069 available for other researchers and also
1MD7CGy2Siy-00042-00013069-00013380 we have to harmonize ethical and legal
1MD7CGy2Siy-00043-00013381-00013715 authority of our needs to network data
1MD7CGy2Siy-00044-00013716-00014144 accessible at world level and we need to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00045-00014144-00014456 make diseases rare diseases visible in
1MD7CGy2Siy-00046-00014457-00014728 the elf's care systems by having proper
1MD7CGy2Siy-00047-00014729-00015216 closer to code the disease when this
1MD7CGy2Siy-00048-00015218-00015466 that there is a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00049-00015468-00015733 registry at national level of patients
1MD7CGy2Siy-00050-00015734-00016105 in hospitals license and in Europe death
1MD7CGy2Siy-00051-00016106-00016384 is true recommendation from all the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00052-00016385-00016600 countries to use your faculties next
1MD7CGy2Siy-00053-00016601-00017236 night we have also decided to forward
1MD7CGy2Siy-00054-00017237-00017599 the use of all the terminologies and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00055-00017600-00018167 tourism which will contribute to make
1MD7CGy2Siy-00056-00018168-00018580 that top understandable by computers and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00057-00018581-00018842 if you've got computers to talk if you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00058-00018843-00019233 want to be able to interpret data
1MD7CGy2Siy-00059-00019234-00019514 collected in another country you need to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00060-00019515-00019759 use the same terminologies you need to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00061-00019760-00019978 use the same vocabularies we need to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00062-00019979-00020197 understand each other so the computers
1MD7CGy2Siy-00063-00020198-00020417 have a language as we have languages and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00064-00020418-00020678 so these data have to be understandable
1MD7CGy2Siy-00065-00020679-00020944 references so this is a big issue and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00066-00020945-00021247 the area is working on the commercial of
1MD7CGy2Siy-00067-00021248-00021553 ontologies which are languages
1MD7CGy2Siy-00068-00021554-00021886 understandable by computers next night
1MD7CGy2Siy-00069-00021887-00022228 we worked all these terminologies to be
1MD7CGy2Siy-00070-00022229-00022475 in depth okay about the terminologies
1MD7CGy2Siy-00071-00022476-00022840 used to good patient data in hospitals
1MD7CGy2Siy-00072-00022841-00023167 the ones which are in mutation database
1MD7CGy2Siy-00073-00023168-00023471 patient registries and also all the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00074-00023472-00023927 tools which are now developed to tamper
1MD7CGy2Siy-00075-00023928-00024314 data from lab all these sources should
1MD7CGy2Siy-00076-00024315-00024608 use the same tools and true that we will
1MD7CGy2Siy-00077-00024609-00025042 who was able to access and use these
1MD7CGy2Siy-00078-00025043-00025408 data for research next night so so
1MD7CGy2Siy-00079-00025409-00025752 please adopt this eminent for
1MD7CGy2Siy-00080-00025754-00026005 the human phenomenology which is a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00081-00026006-00026281 language describe the signs and symptoms
1MD7CGy2Siy-00082-00026282-00026614 of patients and the offer net rare
1MD7CGy2Siy-00083-00026614-00026905 disease ontology which is a language for
1MD7CGy2Siy-00084-00026906-00027217 computers to code from rare diseases and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00085-00027218-00027545 this will be speeded research and data
1MD7CGy2Siy-00086-00027547-00028132 site so we have also set up a system
1MD7CGy2Siy-00087-00028133-00028450 attendant which is good ba-cock about
1MD7CGy2Siy-00088-00028451-00028813 that so to follow the tools we we say
1MD7CGy2Siy-00089-00028814-00029005 this is what I've undeveloped the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00090-00029006-00029401 community of red diseases so we work to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00091-00029402-00029686 highlight tools standouts guidelines
1MD7CGy2Siy-00092-00029687-00029899 which contribute directly to enter
1MD7CGy2Siy-00093-00029900-00030152 provided so please go to the website and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00094-00030154-00030442 if you are for watching of funding
1MD7CGy2Siy-00095-00030443-00030804 research please ensure that alone you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00096-00030805-00031219 respect this dick who commanded troops
1MD7CGy2Siy-00097-00031220-00031444 standards and like guidelines because
1MD7CGy2Siy-00098-00031445-00031756 this will improve the values of research
1MD7CGy2Siy-00099-00031757-00031873 in the kitchen
1MD7CGy2Siy-00100-00031874-00032326 sad and we have selected in addition to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00101-00032327-00032826 that key topics for let's say for more
1MD7CGy2Siy-00102-00032827-00033349 recommendations and coordination between
1MD7CGy2Siy-00103-00033350-00033646 stakeholders we want to work on
1MD7CGy2Siy-00104-00033647-00033990 patient-centered outcomes which means
1MD7CGy2Siy-00105-00033991-00034299 defining what is important in a given
1MD7CGy2Siy-00106-00034300-00034618 disease of the pointer to motivation to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00107-00034619-00034996 be measured to assess the effectiveness
1MD7CGy2Siy-00108-00034997-00035335 of excitement we won't work on small
1MD7CGy2Siy-00109-00035336-00035705 population see bigger tires what are the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00110-00035706-00036018 statistical methods which are acceptable
1MD7CGy2Siy-00111-00036019-00036348 by all regulatory agencies in the world
1MD7CGy2Siy-00112-00036349-00036693 we want or so to work on that I mind you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00113-00036694-00036930 and repurposing because we think that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00114-00036931-00037168 thanks to the computers now we can
1MD7CGy2Siy-00115-00037169-00037477 access a lot of data and we can imagine
1MD7CGy2Siy-00116-00037478-00038011 new targets for therapies even using old
1MD7CGy2Siy-00117-00038012-00038479 drugs and so we have a lot of adult site
1MD7CGy2Siy-00118-00038480-00038656 get together once people they are
1MD7CGy2Siy-00119-00038657-00038958 outside the talisman with matchmaker
1MD7CGy2Siy-00120-00038959-00039174 exchange imagined available consent
1MD7CGy2Siy-00121-00039175-00039487 these are also cupcakes where we want to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00122-00039488-00039751 ensure that the data are optimal is that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00123-00039752-00039985 to pursue the product of diagnosis of
1MD7CGy2Siy-00124-00039986-00040339 crisis eases next time so in conclusion
1MD7CGy2Siy-00125-00040340-00040648 i will say that they are still in pipe
1MD7CGy2Siy-00126-00040649-00041112 and medical needs because there are so
1MD7CGy2Siy-00127-00041113-00041449 many diseases which are not addressed
1MD7CGy2Siy-00128-00041450-00041525 under pressure
1MD7CGy2Siy-00129-00041526-00041828 but a lot of new genetic opportunities
1MD7CGy2Siy-00130-00041829-00042343 as well and so we have to be innovative
1MD7CGy2Siy-00131-00042344-00042857 clever and and to take into account the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00132-00042858-00043043 fact that we have a lot of economic
1MD7CGy2Siy-00133-00043044-00043451 pressure and that we should find ways to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00134-00043452-00043706 really decrease the cost of research and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00135-00043707-00044018 ensure that all research is done at a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00136-00044019-00044281 global level with a a maximized
1MD7CGy2Siy-00137-00044282-00044696 collaboration and so it's a I think the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00138-00044697-00044939 common interest of everyone that we
1MD7CGy2Siy-00139-00044940-00045350 succeed in that so we are without
1MD7CGy2Siy-00140-00045351-00045709 inviting you in foreign countries in
1MD7CGy2Siy-00141-00045710-00045983 Latin America to observe this
1MD7CGy2Siy-00142-00045984-00046163 international rare disease research has
1MD7CGy2Siy-00143-00046164-00046490 shown because I think that it's only we
1MD7CGy2Siy-00144-00046491-00046742 should sign that we will have a waveform
1MD7CGy2Siy-00145-00046743-00047156 to etsy transit what we have explained
1MD7CGy2Siy-00146-00047157-00047393 so far and that you will find your own
1MD7CGy2Siy-00147-00047394-00047723 way to develop your research in that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00148-00047724-00048661 environment
1MD7CGy2Siy-00149-00048662-00049118 yes yes see you then give it a bless you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00150-00049119-00049373 my boy claro datapro boutilier
1MD7CGy2Siy-00151-00049374-00049622 collaborazione international ke leke
1MD7CGy2Siy-00152-00049623-00050009 ante vader lugar le paso de preguntas y
1MD7CGy2Siy-00153-00050010-00050426 respuestas ml tarea eco de su papa como
1MD7CGy2Siy-00154-00050427-00050774 a veces son chanel 2 en el diarrhea
1MD7CGy2Siy-00155-00050775-00051109 teniendo present a report on siiiick a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00156-00051110-00051425 significant leap in ague momento
1MD7CGy2Siy-00157-00051426-00051728 nosotros a recibido paciente whole
1MD7CGy2Siy-00158-00051729-00052163 machine dramedy jacobs a pencil Thiago's
1MD7CGy2Siy-00159-00052164-00052472 i bukur alternativas not skin at the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00160-00052473-00052763 naughty latina Durant Eva take a penalty
1MD7CGy2Siy-00161-00052764-00053264 cos it was inside a busca de prensa al
1MD7CGy2Siy-00162-00053265-00053615 al impaciente a su familia de cubrir
1MD7CGy2Siy-00163-00053616-00053951 moose kayvyun trace a confetti a Sione's
1MD7CGy2Siy-00164-00053952-00054275 que estaba en desarrollo estaba sasuke
1MD7CGy2Siy-00165-00054276-00054683 vidas de reponse or is in Greek no
1MD7CGy2Siy-00166-00054684-00054932 sorprendio am I me sorprendio grata
1MD7CGy2Siy-00167-00054933-00055319 meant a ver ver como in en el dia dia
1MD7CGy2Siy-00168-00055320-00055625 podemos de otra vez de los esfuerzos de
1MD7CGy2Siy-00169-00055626-00055800 la colaboración
1MD7CGy2Siy-00170-00055801-00056112 investigación una posibilidad de
1MD7CGy2Siy-00171-00056113-00056400 formación a los pacientes e eral medicos
1MD7CGy2Siy-00172-00056401-00056705 que trata ESO pacientes a quienes
1MD7CGy2Siy-00173-00056707-00057186 ponemos en contacto SI con los eco Dina
1MD7CGy2Siy-00174-00057187-00057491 Doris o con los investigadores que estan
1MD7CGy2Siy-00175-00057492-00057879 Tessa Redondo si si fuera de
1MD7CGy2Siy-00176-00057879-00058139 investigación muchas de las elecciones
1MD7CGy2Siy-00177-00058140-00058476 por supuesto a llevar algunos anos pero
1MD7CGy2Siy-00178-00058477-00058829 no Stan tadoe es una posibilidad de
1MD7CGy2Siy-00179-00058830-00059115 Esperanza para los pacientes oi port our
1MD7CGy2Siy-00180-00059116-00059576 new tivo te creo que es una oportunidad
1MD7CGy2Siy-00181-00059577-00059961 segundo menciono SE goli tanto en
1MD7CGy2Siy-00182-00059962-00060392 términos farm economy nia como uno por
1MD7CGy2Siy-00183-00060394-00060771 vida para que para que lo que todavía no
1MD7CGy2Siy-00184-00060772-00061227 quiere tratamiento euro nice a tanto più
1MD7CGy2Siy-00185-00061228-00061508 Triano con el gobierno y la academia
1MD7CGy2Siy-00186-00061509-00061920 para quien era una propuesta y podría
1MD7CGy2Siy-00187-00061921-00062187 ser una propuesta que puede hacer kucha
1MD7CGy2Siy-00188-00062188-00062579 puri Rick Ebert la posibilidad de Lucia
1MD7CGy2Siy-00189-00062580-00062946 on que tu en realidad es que digamos que
1MD7CGy2Siy-00190-00062947-00063423 lo Fresa miento de de de de que se a to
1MD7CGy2Siy-00191-00063424-00063529 play
1MD7CGy2Siy-00192-00063529-00063850 an email Latin America a pencil en
1MD7CGy2Siy-00193-00063851-00064213 potencia sushi Missy at eva's de
1MD7CGy2Siy-00194-00064214-00064591 investigación no tanto informal nada
1MD7CGy2Siy-00195-00064591-00065069 sino el contrato a really a possibility
1MD7CGy2Siy-00196-00065070-00065434 coordination lil soubrette oh hey kita
1MD7CGy2Siy-00197-00065435-00065809 formado por residentes de investigación
1MD7CGy2Siy-00198-00065810-00066094 y todo el mundo que van a poder as you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00199-00066095-00066454 dad yeah Jose had y sobre todo tarde
1MD7CGy2Siy-00200-00066455-00066681 Grammy andas para las initiative as
1MD7CGy2Siy-00201-00066682-00066963 local centos ases tan invitados no
1MD7CGy2Siy-00202-00066964-00067200 solamente en grey sur la pagina see no
1MD7CGy2Siy-00203-00067201-00067573 contact our aloe miembro de te drink k
1MD7CGy2Siy-00204-00067574-00067837 realidad beaten siempre via ten toes
1MD7CGy2Siy-00205-00067838-00068305 Yadier toes ah elasticity vez SE que no
1MD7CGy2Siy-00206-00068306-00068641 voy a perder el miedo y hacer casi llego
1MD7CGy2Siy-00207-00068642-00068931 algo rico juntos y las iniciativa so p
1MD7CGy2Siy-00208-00068932-00069225 ablaze otra vez de la propuesta de mi
1MD7CGy2Siy-00209-00069226-00069600 when we hora SI de preguntas para saber
1MD7CGy2Siy-00210-00069601-00070623 length que se
1MD7CGy2Siy-00211-00070624-00070923 thank you doctor man my name is Jeremiah
1MD7CGy2Siy-00212-00070924-00071217 matera come in the Organization for rare
1MD7CGy2Siy-00213-00071218-00071669 diseases and truly enjoy your
1MD7CGy2Siy-00214-00071670-00072084 presentation I have a question you have
1MD7CGy2Siy-00215-00072085-00072440 given a lot of data because of the drugs
1MD7CGy2Siy-00216-00072441-00072834 but I would like to see the profit that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00217-00072835-00073074 is made by the companies were maybe
1MD7CGy2Siy-00218-00073075-00073842 there is a front dress this you know
1MD7CGy2Siy-00219-00073843-00074091 very well that this is not available
1MD7CGy2Siy-00220-00074092-00074487 believe but you can guess the more or
1MD7CGy2Siy-00221-00074488-00074813 less when watch season it is higher than
1MD7CGy2Siy-00222-00074814-00075093 in other sectors sometimes but it's in
1MD7CGy2Siy-00223-00075094-00075431 the wrench I think of twenty percent
1MD7CGy2Siy-00224-00075432-00075788 when you you did you know what they make
1MD7CGy2Siy-00225-00075789-00076224 us as a real profit above all the costs
1MD7CGy2Siy-00226-00076225-00076518 because it's in an area where they have
1MD7CGy2Siy-00227-00076519-00076809 a lot of constant terms of implementing
1MD7CGy2Siy-00228-00076810-00077313 new clinical institutions that training
1MD7CGy2Siy-00229-00077314-00077523 the positions and keep the patient
1MD7CGy2Siy-00230-00077524-00077744 organizations and also I think it's very
1MD7CGy2Siy-00231-00077745-00078066 difficult hopefully that as I say but I
1MD7CGy2Siy-00232-00078067-00078423 share your concern that now it's time
1MD7CGy2Siy-00233-00078424-00078713 from industry to be more transparent and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00234-00078714-00079001 communicate about that and so I think
1MD7CGy2Siy-00235-00079002-00079244 that remember the effort that we all
1MD7CGy2Siy-00236-00079245-00079485 have to make it they should make that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00237-00079486-00079872 effort and come with real data and
1MD7CGy2Siy-00238-00079873-00080160 explain how they established that price
1MD7CGy2Siy-00239-00080161-00080497 so I think that that's that's saturday
1MD7CGy2Siy-00240-00080498-00081235 which is them to come in the future EPA
1MD7CGy2Siy-00241-00081236-00081669 I certainly support that one but what I
1MD7CGy2Siy-00242-00081670-00081926 can period of seven years exclusively
1MD7CGy2Siy-00243-00081927-00082267 the profit margin should always be at
1MD7CGy2Siy-00244-00082268-00082555 the same rate I don't think that is fair
1MD7CGy2Siy-00245-00082556-00082893 enough and the beginning yes to recover
1MD7CGy2Siy-00246-00082894-00083112 the research costs yes you are allowed
1MD7CGy2Siy-00247-00083113-00083410 to do that one but over the period of
1MD7CGy2Siy-00248-00083411-00083718 time I believe that the patient
1MD7CGy2Siy-00249-00083719-00083988 organization should suffer and argue the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00250-00083989-00084275 production of the prices as time goes by
1MD7CGy2Siy-00251-00084276-00085222 that's my suggestion is similar my
1MD7CGy2Siy-00252-00085223-00086037 English is very good resist i doona
1MD7CGy2Siy-00253-00086038-00086299 calientita tarde el médico en este
1MD7CGy2Siy-00254-00086300-00086669 momento y nosotros espera rihanna's
1MD7CGy2Siy-00255-00086670-00087073 recibir de parte tuya una de ganas
1MD7CGy2Siy-00256-00087074-00087444 indeed ASEAN para mandar ayuda de medic
1MD7CGy2Siy-00257-00087445-00087787 Ana's que para toda na say na CTO
1MD7CGy2Siy-00258-00087788-00088113 contigo para que esto será Costigan tear
1MD7CGy2Siy-00259-00088114-00088435 ascendancy immediate en la academia a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00260-00088436-00088693 las instituciones in the sector salud en
1MD7CGy2Siy-00261-00088694-00088884 el supuesto
1MD7CGy2Siy-00262-00088885-00089136 see this exists una decisión I'm various
1MD7CGy2Siy-00263-00089137-00089375 artists / las tareas same time as you're
1MD7CGy2Siy-00264-00089376-00089571 getting to assume that percentage
1MD7CGy2Siy-00265-00089572-00089780 academia collected the rescission
1MD7CGy2Siy-00266-00089781-00090090 another classic the Duchess suit away a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00267-00090091-00090362 political enemies attempted to go sir
1MD7CGy2Siy-00268-00090363-00090731 and meet us for another 200 and not
1MD7CGy2Siy-00269-00090732-00091112 imitation are the Columbus esta joe said
1MD7CGy2Siy-00270-00091113-00091463 he there are other progress in that
1MD7CGy2Siy-00271-00091464-00091686 condition to the name is Kelly had a
1MD7CGy2Siy-00272-00091687-00091962 little better they will not collect art
1MD7CGy2Siy-00273-00091963-00092531 Anastasia Masha that's a proposal for
1MD7CGy2Siy-00274-00092532-00092843 this meeting at two years and of course
1MD7CGy2Siy-00275-00092844-00093131 we are good for a collaboration and when
1MD7CGy2Siy-00276-00093132-00095926 we address you as much as we can
1MD7CGy2Siy-00277-00095927-00096208 okay I come from China and thank you for
1MD7CGy2Siy-00278-00096209-00096382 your prayers to him and I learned a lot
1MD7CGy2Siy-00279-00096383-00096757 of that so my question here is that in
1MD7CGy2Siy-00280-00096758-00097099 China only other rare disease that one
1MD7CGy2Siy-00281-00097100-00097264 other question that because of the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00282-00097265-00097755 limited our stalkers our insurance
1MD7CGy2Siy-00283-00097756-00098107 insurance budget so sometimes obviously
1MD7CGy2Siy-00284-00098108-00098371 that if we put a lot of money on the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00285-00098372-00098608 fugitives which means that a lot of
1MD7CGy2Siy-00286-00098609-00098887 other patient would decrease the help
1MD7CGy2Siy-00287-00098888-00099274 given us a hapless so my cousin that I
1MD7CGy2Siy-00288-00099275-00099649 do want to know and that how to make the
1MD7CGy2Siy-00289-00099650-00099964 optimum part is to help the real disease
1MD7CGy2Siy-00290-00099965-00100321 in France and with the limited budget
1MD7CGy2Siy-00291-00100322-00100891 our whole country statistical that's not
1MD7CGy2Siy-00292-00100892-00101281 a simple question so I were to set
1MD7CGy2Siy-00293-00101282-00101677 priorities so what that's a really
1MD7CGy2Siy-00294-00101678-00101950 beautiful choice and associated choice
1MD7CGy2Siy-00295-00101951-00102343 so I can get out there that you what you
1MD7CGy2Siy-00296-00102344-00102739 should buoy in China weather risk which
1MD7CGy2Siy-00297-00102740-00103213 is what is more important to care for