xmjILKR7LFY-00000-00000000-00000305 Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited also
xmjILKR7LFY-00001-00000306-00000569 known as Jardine's is a Hong Kong
xmjILKR7LFY-00002-00000570-00000802 British conglomerate incorporated in
xmjILKR7LFY-00003-00000803-00001016 Bermuda and headquartered in Hong Kong
xmjILKR7LFY-00004-00001017-00001286 with its primary listing on the London
xmjILKR7LFY-00005-00001287-00001622 Stock Exchange and secondary listings on
xmjILKR7LFY-00006-00001623-00001889 the Singapore Exchange and Bermuda stock
xmjILKR7LFY-00007-00001889-00002264 exchange the majority of its business
xmjILKR7LFY-00008-00002265-00002467 interests are in Asia and its
xmjILKR7LFY-00009-00002468-00002758 subsidiaries include Jardine Pacific
xmjILKR7LFY-00010-00002759-00003067 Jardine motors Jardine Lloyd Thompson
xmjILKR7LFY-00011-00003068-00003310 Hong Kong land Jardine strategic
xmjILKR7LFY-00012-00003311-00003647 Holdings dairy farm Mandarin Oriental
xmjILKR7LFY-00013-00003647-00004004 Hotel Group Jardine cycle & carriage and
xmjILKR7LFY-00014-00004004-00004352 Astra International it sponsors the
xmjILKR7LFY-00015-00004353-00004706 Jardine Scholarship Jardine's was one of
xmjILKR7LFY-00016-00004707-00004981 the original Hong Kong trading houses or
xmjILKR7LFY-00017-00004982-00005249 Hong's that date back to Imperial China
xmjILKR7LFY-00018-00005250-00005629 and as of December 2010 41% of the
xmjILKR7LFY-00019-00005630-00005863 company's profits are still earned in
xmjILKR7LFY-00020-00005864-00006191 China the company is controlled by the
xmjILKR7LFY-00021-00006192-00006464 Kazakh family who are descendants of co
xmjILKR7LFY-00022-00006465-00006734 founder William Jardine older sister
xmjILKR7LFY-00023-00006734-00007226 Jean Johnston in 2013 both Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00024-00007227-00007484 Matheson and Jardine strategic were
xmjILKR7LFY-00025-00007484-00007733 among the top 200 publicly traded
xmjILKR7LFY-00026-00007734-00008009 companies in the world as valued by
xmjILKR7LFY-00027-00008009-00008726 market capitalization
xmjILKR7LFY-00028-00008727-00009296 topic history
xmjILKR7LFY-00029-00009297-00009602 topic nineteenth century to World War
xmjILKR7LFY-00030-00009603-00009938 two the early days the firm of Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00031-00009939-00010364 Matheson & Co emerged in 1832 from an
xmjILKR7LFY-00032-00010365-00010638 evolving process of partnership changes
xmjILKR7LFY-00033-00010639-00010902 in the trading business Cox and Reed a
xmjILKR7LFY-00034-00010903-00011262 partnership established in 1782 between
xmjILKR7LFY-00035-00011263-00011559 John Cox and John Reed the latter having
xmjILKR7LFY-00036-00011560-00011748 been agent of the Austrian Empire
xmjILKR7LFY-00037-00011749-00012045 stressed company University of Edinburgh
xmjILKR7LFY-00038-00012046-00012401 medical school graduate William Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00039-00012402-00012849 1784 - 1843 joined the firm by then
xmjILKR7LFY-00040-00012850-00013106 having morphed through Cox and Beal veal
xmjILKR7LFY-00041-00013107-00013430 & Co and Beal and magna akin to magnetic
xmjILKR7LFY-00042-00013431-00013733 & Co and the original partners long gone
xmjILKR7LFY-00043-00013734-00014127 in 1825 at the invitation of Principal
xmjILKR7LFY-00044-00014128-00014466 Hollingworth Magna ik University of
xmjILKR7LFY-00045-00014466-00014772 Edinburgh graduate James Matheson joined
xmjILKR7LFY-00046-00014772-00015038 three years later as Magni ik prepared
xmjILKR7LFY-00047-00015040-00015396 to retire with the session of Hong Kong
xmjILKR7LFY-00048-00015397-00015765 under the 1842 Treaty of Nanking the
xmjILKR7LFY-00049-00015766-00016125 firm by then named Jardine Matheson & Co
xmjILKR7LFY-00050-00016126-00016394 set up its headquarters on the island
xmjILKR7LFY-00051-00016395-00016709 and grew rapidly continuing its
xmjILKR7LFY-00052-00016710-00016974 long-standing trade in smuggled opium
xmjILKR7LFY-00053-00016975-00017328 tea and cotton the firm diversified into
xmjILKR7LFY-00054-00017329-00017612 other areas including insurance shipping
xmjILKR7LFY-00055-00017613-00018072 and railways by the mid 19th century the
xmjILKR7LFY-00056-00018073-00018303 company had become the largest of the
xmjILKR7LFY-00057-00018304-00018543 Hong's or foreign trading conglomerates
xmjILKR7LFY-00058-00018544-00018759 with offices in all the important
xmjILKR7LFY-00059-00018760-00019142 Chinese cities as well as Yokohama Japan
xmjILKR7LFY-00060-00019143-00019522 one of its branch agencies Glover & Co
xmjILKR7LFY-00061-00019523-00019839 established in Nagasaki was known in
xmjILKR7LFY-00062-00019840-00020121 Japan as an arms dealer who contracted
xmjILKR7LFY-00063-00020122-00020364 with then rebel forces from Choshu
xmjILKR7LFY-00064-00020365-00020637 domain who led the Meiji Restoration in
xmjILKR7LFY-00065-00020638-00021105 1868 in the early decades of the 20th
xmjILKR7LFY-00066-00021106-00021419 century Jardine's built cotton mills a
xmjILKR7LFY-00067-00021420-00021687 press packing plant and a brewery in
xmjILKR7LFY-00068-00021688-00021962 Shanghai while expanding into Africa
xmjILKR7LFY-00069-00021963-00022383 America and Australia when war came to
xmjILKR7LFY-00070-00022384-00022653 China in 1937 the
xmjILKR7LFY-00071-00022654-00022880 firms suffered heavily both in Hong Kong
xmjILKR7LFY-00072-00022881-00023353 and in mainland China after the 1949
xmjILKR7LFY-00073-00023354-00023616 foundation of the People's Republic of
xmjILKR7LFY-00074-00023617-00023877 China trading conditions for foreign
xmjILKR7LFY-00075-00023878-00024131 companies under the new communist regime
xmjILKR7LFY-00076-00024132-00024666 became increasingly difficult topic post
xmjILKR7LFY-00077-00024667-00024900 Second World War restructuring and
xmjILKR7LFY-00078-00024901-00025259 expansion in 1961 after the firm's
xmjILKR7LFY-00079-00025260-00025547 flotation the landmark Mandarin Hotel
xmjILKR7LFY-00080-00025548-00025956 opened in Hong Kong in 1963 as the
xmjILKR7LFY-00081-00025957-00026436 city's first five-star hotel in 1970
xmjILKR7LFY-00082-00026437-00026742 Jardine Fleming the first merchant bank
xmjILKR7LFY-00083-00026743-00027027 in Asia opened for business while a real
xmjILKR7LFY-00084-00027027-00027308 estate company and sugar plantations in
xmjILKR7LFY-00085-00027309-00027558 Hawaii and the Philippines were acquired
xmjILKR7LFY-00086-00027558-00027918 a Hong Kong building boom in the mid
xmjILKR7LFY-00087-00027919-00028271 1970s saw Jardine's by gammon
xmjILKR7LFY-00088-00028272-00028490 construction the largest construction
xmjILKR7LFY-00089-00028491-00028752 and civil engineering group on the
xmjILKR7LFY-00090-00028752-00029108 island a presence was reestablished on
xmjILKR7LFY-00091-00029109-00029481 the mainland in 1979 following China's
xmjILKR7LFY-00092-00029482-00029739 reform and opening-up in a year later
xmjILKR7LFY-00093-00029739-00029982 the firm established the Beijing air
xmjILKR7LFY-00094-00029983-00030225 catering company limited the first
xmjILKR7LFY-00095-00030226-00030500 foreign joint venture in the country
xmjILKR7LFY-00096-00030501-00030965 during the 1970s Jardine's also expanded
xmjILKR7LFY-00097-00030966-00031131 their insurance interests with
xmjILKR7LFY-00098-00031132-00031377 acquisitions in the United Kingdom and
xmjILKR7LFY-00099-00031377-00031602 the United States laying the groundwork
xmjILKR7LFY-00100-00031602-00031877 for the foundation of Jardine insurance
xmjILKR7LFY-00101-00031878-00032262 brokers by 1980 the firm had operations
xmjILKR7LFY-00102-00032263-00032598 in southern Africa Australia China Great
xmjILKR7LFY-00103-00032599-00032900 Britain Hong Kong Indonesia Japan
xmjILKR7LFY-00104-00032901-00033237 Malaysia Philippines Saudi Arabia
xmjILKR7LFY-00105-00033238-00033645 Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand as
xmjILKR7LFY-00106-00033646-00033962 well as the United States and employed
xmjILKR7LFY-00107-00033963-00034145 37,000 people
xmjILKR7LFY-00108-00034146-00034560 after Radames sealing to Bermuda in 1984
xmjILKR7LFY-00109-00034561-00034929 ahead of the 1997 handover of Hong Kong
xmjILKR7LFY-00110-00034930-00035324 in 1990 Jardine Matheson holdings and
xmjILKR7LFY-00111-00035325-00035535 four other listed group companies
xmjILKR7LFY-00112-00035536-00035805 arranged primary share listings on the
xmjILKR7LFY-00113-00035806-00036018 London Stock Exchange in a
xmjILKR7LFY-00114-00036019-00036263 addition to their Hong Kong listings
xmjILKR7LFY-00115-00036264-00036579 other significant developments during
xmjILKR7LFY-00116-00036580-00036804 this decade included the merging of
xmjILKR7LFY-00117-00036805-00037059 Jardine Insurance Brokers with Lloyd
xmjILKR7LFY-00118-00037060-00037194 Thompson to form
xmjILKR7LFY-00119-00037195-00037476 Jardine Lloyd Thompson the acquisition
xmjILKR7LFY-00120-00037477-00037842 of a 16% interest in Singapore blue chip
xmjILKR7LFY-00121-00037843-00038085 cycle and carriage and dairy farms
xmjILKR7LFY-00122-00038086-00038313 purchase of a significant stake in
xmjILKR7LFY-00123-00038314-00038568 Indonesia's leading supermarket Group
xmjILKR7LFY-00124-00038569-00039030 hero hotel brand Mandarin Oriental also
xmjILKR7LFY-00125-00039031-00039273 embarked on a strategy to double its
xmjILKR7LFY-00126-00039274-00039657 available rooms and improve returns the
xmjILKR7LFY-00127-00039658-00039918 first decade of the new millennium saw
xmjILKR7LFY-00128-00039919-00040200 Jardine cycle & carriage acquire an
xmjILKR7LFY-00129-00040201-00040482 initial 31 percent stake in Astra
xmjILKR7LFY-00130-00040483-00040701 International which has since been
xmjILKR7LFY-00131-00040702-00041169 increased to just over 50% Hongkong land
xmjILKR7LFY-00132-00041170-00041457 became a group subsidiary for the first
xmjILKR7LFY-00133-00041458-00041757 time following a multi-year program of
xmjILKR7LFY-00134-00041758-00041997 steady open market purchases while
xmjILKR7LFY-00135-00041998-00042279 Jardine Pacific raised its interest in
xmjILKR7LFY-00136-00042280-00042567 Hongkong air cargo terminals limited
xmjILKR7LFY-00137-00042568-00043305 from 25% to 42% topic 21st century
xmjILKR7LFY-00138-00043306-00043602 operations Jardine's today comprises a
xmjILKR7LFY-00139-00043603-00043818 group of companies with extensive
xmjILKR7LFY-00140-00043819-00044097 operations across Asia and through some
xmjILKR7LFY-00141-00044098-00044454 of its businesses the world the firm's
xmjILKR7LFY-00142-00044455-00044709 business interests include Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00143-00044710-00045015 Pacific Jardine Motors Hong Kong land
xmjILKR7LFY-00144-00045016-00045369 dairy farm Mandarin Oriental Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00145-00045370-00045594 cycle & carriage through which its
xmjILKR7LFY-00146-00045595-00045879 interest in Astra is held and Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00147-00045880-00046239 Lloyd Thompson the group also has
xmjILKR7LFY-00148-00046240-00046970 strategic interests in other entities
xmjILKR7LFY-00149-00046971-00047573 topic jardine Pacific
xmjILKR7LFY-00150-00047574-00047864 Jardine Pacific as a holding company
xmjILKR7LFY-00151-00047865-00048101 which represents a significant number of
xmjILKR7LFY-00152-00048102-00048367 the group's non-listed interests in Asia
xmjILKR7LFY-00153-00048368-00048581 principally in engineering and
xmjILKR7LFY-00154-00048582-00048815 construction transport services
xmjILKR7LFY-00155-00048816-00049181 restaurants and IT services these
xmjILKR7LFY-00156-00049182-00049376 include a number of Jardine's
xmjILKR7LFY-00157-00049377-00049673 long-standing businesses such as Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00158-00049674-00050033 Engineering Corporation je C Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00159-00050034-00050177 shipping services
xmjILKR7LFY-00160-00050178-00050501 Jardine aviation services Hongkong air
xmjILKR7LFY-00161-00050502-00050834 cargo terminals Jardine Schindler gamin
xmjILKR7LFY-00162-00050835-00051098 construction and Jardine Travel Group as
xmjILKR7LFY-00163-00051099-00051355 well as more contemporary interests that
xmjILKR7LFY-00164-00051357-00051590 reflect the demands of Asian consumers
xmjILKR7LFY-00165-00051591-00051880 among them Pizza Hut restaurants in Hong
xmjILKR7LFY-00166-00051882-00052298 Kong Taiwan Vietnam and Myanmar KFC
xmjILKR7LFY-00167-00052299-00052595 franchises in Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan
xmjILKR7LFY-00168-00052596-00053502 and Jardine one solution IT services
xmjILKR7LFY-00169-00053503-00054091 topic Jardine motors
xmjILKR7LFY-00170-00054092-00054388 Jardine motors as active in the sales
xmjILKR7LFY-00171-00054389-00054655 and service of motor vehicles in Hong
xmjILKR7LFY-00172-00054656-00054994 Kong Macau mainland China and the United
xmjILKR7LFY-00173-00054995-00055468 Kingdom subsidiaries on foo which has
xmjILKR7LFY-00174-00055469-00055756 held the mercedes-benz luxury vehicle
xmjILKR7LFY-00175-00055757-00056056 franchise in Hong Kong for over 50 years
xmjILKR7LFY-00176-00056057-00056344 has achieved one of the highest market
xmjILKR7LFY-00177-00056345-00056611 penetrations in the world for the luxury
xmjILKR7LFY-00178-00056612-00056798 brand and ranks among its top
xmjILKR7LFY-00179-00056799-00057197 international performers the group also
xmjILKR7LFY-00180-00057198-00057473 represents smart and Hyundai passenger
xmjILKR7LFY-00181-00057474-00057916 cars in Hong Kong Zhong Phu as expanding
xmjILKR7LFY-00182-00057917-00058135 its presence across the growing market
xmjILKR7LFY-00183-00058136-00058393 of southern China where it is actively
xmjILKR7LFY-00184-00058394-00058662 developing a network of mercedes-benz
xmjILKR7LFY-00185-00058663-00058892 dealerships
xmjILKR7LFY-00186-00058894-00059208 in the United Kingdom Jardine motors as
xmjILKR7LFY-00187-00059209-00059436 one of the country's largest retail
xmjILKR7LFY-00188-00059437-00059664 dealership groups with a portfolio of
xmjILKR7LFY-00189-00059665-00059919 specialist franchises that includes
xmjILKR7LFY-00190-00059920-00060266 Aston Martin OD and Volkswagen Jaguar
xmjILKR7LFY-00191-00060267-00061114 and Land Rover Mercedes Benz and Porsche
xmjILKR7LFY-00192-00061115-00061703 topic Hongkong land
xmjILKR7LFY-00193-00061704-00061994 Hong Kong land as an Asian property
xmjILKR7LFY-00194-00061995-00062254 investment management and development
xmjILKR7LFY-00195-00062255-00062687 group established in Hong Kong in 1889
xmjILKR7LFY-00196-00062688-00063008 by Sir Paul Chater and William Kazik
xmjILKR7LFY-00197-00063009-00063275 the group today has property interests
xmjILKR7LFY-00198-00063276-00063667 across the region in Hong Kong the group
xmjILKR7LFY-00199-00063669-00063923 owns and manages approximately five
xmjILKR7LFY-00200-00063924-00064271 million square feet 450,000 square
xmjILKR7LFY-00201-00064272-00064577 metres of prime commercial space in the
xmjILKR7LFY-00202-00064578-00064928 central in Singapore it is helping to
xmjILKR7LFY-00203-00064929-00065167 create the city-state central business
xmjILKR7LFY-00204-00065169-00065471 district with an expanding joint venture
xmjILKR7LFY-00205-00065472-00065761 portfolio of new developments in
xmjILKR7LFY-00206-00065762-00066050 addition to commercial properties Hong
xmjILKR7LFY-00207-00066051-00066326 Kong land also develops residential
xmjILKR7LFY-00208-00066327-00066557 properties in key cities around the
xmjILKR7LFY-00209-00066558-00066824 region including Hong Kong mainland
xmjILKR7LFY-00210-00066825-00066890 China
xmjILKR7LFY-00211-00066891-00067196 Macau and Singapore where its subsidiary
xmjILKR7LFY-00212-00067197-00067523 mcl land as a significant property
xmjILKR7LFY-00213-00067524-00068005 developer Jardine strategic has a 50%
xmjILKR7LFY-00214-00068006-00068710 shareholding in Hong Kong land
xmjILKR7LFY-00215-00068711-00069274 topic dairy farm
xmjILKR7LFY-00216-00069275-00069606 dairy farm traces its origins in Hong
xmjILKR7LFY-00217-00069607-00069916 Kong back to the 19th century when it
xmjILKR7LFY-00218-00069917-00070153 was involved in the production of dairy
xmjILKR7LFY-00219-00070154-00070528 products and ice today the company as a
xmjILKR7LFY-00220-00070529-00070936 leading pan Asian retailer the dairy
xmjILKR7LFY-00221-00070937-00071272 farm groups retail operations range from
xmjILKR7LFY-00222-00071273-00071548 supermarkets hypermarkets and health and
xmjILKR7LFY-00223-00071549-00071791 beauty stores to convenience and home
xmjILKR7LFY-00224-00071792-00072051 furnishing stores and operate under
xmjILKR7LFY-00225-00072052-00072369 well-known local brands it has a
xmjILKR7LFY-00226-00072370-00072684 significant presence in Hong Kong Taiwan
xmjILKR7LFY-00227-00072685-00073032 Malaysia Singapore and Indonesia and a
xmjILKR7LFY-00228-00073033-00073330 growing presence in mainland China India
xmjILKR7LFY-00229-00073331-00073731 and Vietnam dairy farm operates
xmjILKR7LFY-00230-00073732-00073942 supermarkets under the banners of
xmjILKR7LFY-00231-00073943-00074262 welcome jaison's shop and save cold
xmjILKR7LFY-00232-00074263-00074566 storage and hero giant hypermarkets
xmjILKR7LFY-00233-00074567-00074805 health and beauty stores under manning's
xmjILKR7LFY-00234-00074806-00075097 and guardian IKEA furniture stores in
xmjILKR7LFY-00235-00075098-00075430 Hong Kong Indonesia and Taiwan as well
xmjILKR7LFY-00236-00075431-00075835 as 7-eleven convenience stores the group
xmjILKR7LFY-00237-00075836-00076216 also has a 50% interest in Maxim's Hong
xmjILKR7LFY-00238-00076217-00076648 Kong's leading restaurant chain Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00239-00076649-00077017 strategic has a 78% shareholding in
xmjILKR7LFY-00240-00077018-00077388 dairy farm as of the 8th of March 2012
xmjILKR7LFY-00241-00077389-00077757 Darryl E farm owned 70% of the shares of
xmjILKR7LFY-00242-00077758-00078036 Lucky Group the largest grocery mall
xmjILKR7LFY-00243-00078037-00078610 operator in Cambodia topic Jardine Lloyd
xmjILKR7LFY-00244-00078611-00078993 Thompson Jardine Lloyd Thompson JLT is a
xmjILKR7LFY-00245-00078994-00079269 leading insurance and reinsurance broker
xmjILKR7LFY-00246-00079270-00079579 risk specialist and employee benefits
xmjILKR7LFY-00247-00079580-00079926 consultant Jardine's has been in the
xmjILKR7LFY-00248-00079927-00080151 insurance broking business since its
xmjILKR7LFY-00249-00080152-00080499 earliest days in Canton and JL T which
xmjILKR7LFY-00250-00080500-00080754 is quoted on the London Stock Exchange
xmjILKR7LFY-00251-00080755-00081016 is one of the largest companies of its
xmjILKR7LFY-00252-00081017-00081174 kind in the world
xmjILKR7LFY-00253-00081175-00081492 the company operates through two key
xmjILKR7LFY-00254-00081493-00081762 business groups risk and insurance and
xmjILKR7LFY-00255-00081763-00082147 employee benefits the risk and Insurance
xmjILKR7LFY-00256-00082148-00082416 Group provides specialist insurance and
xmjILKR7LFY-00257-00082417-00082656 reinsurance broking together with
xmjILKR7LFY-00258-00082657-00082881 risk management services for a wide
xmjILKR7LFY-00259-00082882-00083142 range of clients including some of the
xmjILKR7LFY-00260-00083143-00083622 world's largest corporations JLT which
xmjILKR7LFY-00261-00083623-00083835 has a significant presence in the
xmjILKR7LFY-00262-00083836-00084179 asia-pacific region owns offices in 35
xmjILKR7LFY-00263-00084180-00084723 territories with some 7600 employees the
xmjILKR7LFY-00264-00084724-00084975 employee benefits group as one of the
xmjILKR7LFY-00265-00084976-00085200 united kingdom's leading employee
xmjILKR7LFY-00266-00085201-00085868 benefits providers
xmjILKR7LFY-00267-00085869-00086483 topic mandarin oriental
xmjILKR7LFY-00268-00086484-00086795 Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group as an
xmjILKR7LFY-00269-00086796-00087041 International Hotel investment and
xmjILKR7LFY-00270-00087042-00087308 management company operating deluxe and
xmjILKR7LFY-00271-00087309-00087590 first-class hotels and residences in
xmjILKR7LFY-00272-00087591-00087857 city and resort destinations around the
xmjILKR7LFY-00273-00087858-00088190 world the group's flagship hotel
xmjILKR7LFY-00274-00088191-00088487 Mandarin Oriental Hong Kong has been
xmjILKR7LFY-00275-00088488-00088760 recognized as one of the world's leading
xmjILKR7LFY-00276-00088761-00089012 hotels since shortly after its opening
xmjILKR7LFY-00277-00089013-00089339 in 1963 along with the equally
xmjILKR7LFY-00278-00089340-00089644 world-renowned Mandarin Oriental Bangkok
xmjILKR7LFY-00279-00089645-00090089 previously known as the Oriental Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00280-00090090-00090464 strategic has a 74% shareholding in
xmjILKR7LFY-00281-00090465-00090980 Mandarin Oriental topic Jardine cycle &
xmjILKR7LFY-00282-00090981-00091343 carriage Jardine cycle & carriage J C &
xmjILKR7LFY-00283-00091344-00091637 C is an established Singapore listed
xmjILKR7LFY-00284-00091638-00091940 company where as cycle & carriage it has
xmjILKR7LFY-00285-00091941-00092522 had a presence since 1926 J C & C has an
xmjILKR7LFY-00286-00092523-00092861 interest of just over 50% in Astra a
xmjILKR7LFY-00287-00092862-00093107 listed Indonesian conglomerate and the
xmjILKR7LFY-00288-00093108-00093371 largest independent Automotive Group in
xmjILKR7LFY-00289-00093372-00093641 Southeast Asia as well as other motor
xmjILKR7LFY-00290-00093642-00093989 interests in the region together with
xmjILKR7LFY-00291-00093990-00094280 its subsidiaries and associates Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00292-00094281-00094661 cycle & carriage employs some 200 1000
xmjILKR7LFY-00293-00094662-00094886 people across Indonesia Malaysia
xmjILKR7LFY-00294-00094887-00095332 Singapore and Vietnam Jardine cycle &
xmjILKR7LFY-00295-00095333-00095570 carriage operates in Singapore and
xmjILKR7LFY-00296-00095571-00095759 Malaysia under the cycle & carriage
xmjILKR7LFY-00297-00095760-00096026 banner and the group represents some of
xmjILKR7LFY-00298-00096027-00096287 the world's best-known motoring markets
xmjILKR7LFY-00299-00096288-00096626 including mercedes-benz Toyota Honda and
xmjILKR7LFY-00300-00096627-00097099 Kia Jardine strategic has a 72%
xmjILKR7LFY-00301-00097100-00097930 shareholding in Jardine cycle & carriage
xmjILKR7LFY-00302-00097931-00098535 topic Astra international
xmjILKR7LFY-00303-00098536-00098822 Astra is Southeast Asia's largest
xmjILKR7LFY-00304-00098823-00099159 independent automotive group operating
xmjILKR7LFY-00305-00099160-00099396 predominantly in Indonesia it is a
xmjILKR7LFY-00306-00099397-00099675 provider of a full range of automobile
xmjILKR7LFY-00307-00099676-00099936 and motorcycle products in partnerships
xmjILKR7LFY-00308-00099937-00100169 with companies which include Toyota
xmjILKR7LFY-00309-00100170-00100382 Daihatsu isuzu
xmjILKR7LFY-00310-00100383-00100781 ud trucks Pooja and BMW for automobiles
xmjILKR7LFY-00311-00100782-00101235 and Honda for motorcycles Astra also has
xmjILKR7LFY-00312-00101236-00101463 a strong presence in the automotive
xmjILKR7LFY-00313-00101464-00101712 component sector through its subsidiary
xmjILKR7LFY-00314-00101713-00101946 PT Astra auto parts
xmjILKR7LFY-00315-00101947-00102195 Tbk
xmjILKR7LFY-00316-00102196-00102441 in addition Astra has interests in
xmjILKR7LFY-00317-00102442-00102719 financial services heavy equipment and
xmjILKR7LFY-00318-00102720-00103007 mining agribusiness infrastructure and
xmjILKR7LFY-00319-00103008-00103384 logistics and information technology in
xmjILKR7LFY-00320-00103385-00103557 financial services
xmjILKR7LFY-00321-00103558-00103835 Astra's businesses provide financial
xmjILKR7LFY-00322-00103836-00104079 products and services to support its
xmjILKR7LFY-00323-00104080-00104454 automotive and heavy equipment sales the
xmjILKR7LFY-00324-00104455-00104703 group has also involved in retail
xmjILKR7LFY-00325-00104704-00105021 banking through a stake in PT bank /
xmjILKR7LFY-00326-00105022-00105678 Mata tbk
xmjILKR7LFY-00327-00105679-00106268 topic corporate structure
xmjILKR7LFY-00328-00106269-00106536 the present chairman of Jardine Matheson
xmjILKR7LFY-00329-00106537-00106873 Holdings Limited as Sir Henry Kazakh the
xmjILKR7LFY-00330-00106874-00107373 company's Taipan from 1970 age 31 to
xmjILKR7LFY-00331-00107374-00107728 1975 and the sixth Kazakh to be Taipan
xmjILKR7LFY-00332-00107729-00108115 of the company his brother Simon was the
xmjILKR7LFY-00333-00108116-00108593 company's Taipan from 1983 to 1988 and
xmjILKR7LFY-00334-00108594-00108973 as the seventh Kazakh to be Taipan both
xmjILKR7LFY-00335-00108974-00109213 brothers are the fourth generation of
xmjILKR7LFY-00336-00109214-00109469 Kazakhs in the company the fifth
xmjILKR7LFY-00337-00109470-00109735 generation of Kazakhs are also active
xmjILKR7LFY-00338-00109736-00110045 within the organization then Kazakh son
xmjILKR7LFY-00339-00110046-00110350 of Simon is managing director of Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00340-00110351-00110638 Matheson group and Adam Kazakh son of
xmjILKR7LFY-00341-00110639-00110908 Sir chips Kazakh is deputy managing
xmjILKR7LFY-00342-00110909-00111250 director the organizational structure of
xmjILKR7LFY-00343-00111251-00111586 Jardine's has changed almost totally but
xmjILKR7LFY-00344-00111587-00111833 the members of the family of dr. William
xmjILKR7LFY-00345-00111833-00112102 Jardine still have significant influence
xmjILKR7LFY-00346-00112103-00112745 in the firm
xmjILKR7LFY-00347-00112746-00113504 topic directors as of 2016
xmjILKR7LFY-00348-00113505-00113911 in July 2016 the directors of Jardine
xmjILKR7LFY-00349-00113913-00114334 Matheson Holdings were Sir Henry Kazakh
xmjILKR7LFY-00350-00114335-00114793 Chairman Ben Kazakh managing director
xmjILKR7LFY-00351-00114794-00115231 Adam Kazakh deputy managing director
xmjILKR7LFY-00352-00115232-00115708 mark Greenberg David Shu
xmjILKR7LFY-00353-00115708-00116455 Simon Kazakh dr. Richard Lee Jeremy Parr
xmjILKR7LFY-00354-00116456-00116735 Anthony nightingale
xmjILKR7LFY-00355-00116736-00117557 why k pain John wit Lord Sassoon Katie
xmjILKR7LFY-00356-00117558-00118002 Percy Weatherall Michael way-cool WA
xmjILKR7LFY-00357-00118003-00118425 company secretary Neil McNamara Lord
xmjILKR7LFY-00358-00118426-00118784 Sassoon a former UBS Warburg banker who
xmjILKR7LFY-00359-00118785-00118989 had been a junior minister in the
xmjILKR7LFY-00360-00118990-00119292 British Treasury since May 2010 joined
xmjILKR7LFY-00361-00119293-00119583 Jardine Matheson as an executive board
xmjILKR7LFY-00362-00119583-00119879 member in January 2013
xmjILKR7LFY-00363-00119880-00120110 this appointment brought together
xmjILKR7LFY-00364-00120111-00120375 members of two great Asian trading
xmjILKR7LFY-00365-00120376-00120693 dynasties since Jardine Matheson and the
xmjILKR7LFY-00366-00120694-00120983 Sassoon family were rivals in the 19th
xmjILKR7LFY-00367-00120984-00121242 century when they competed to open up
xmjILKR7LFY-00368-00121243-00121703 and grow trade in Hong Kong and China
xmjILKR7LFY-00369-00121704-00122096 topics Scottish leadership until 1936
xmjILKR7LFY-00370-00122097-00122403 principles of staff recruitment told by
xmjILKR7LFY-00371-00122404-00122708 Kazakh remained Scottish first Oxbridge
xmjILKR7LFY-00372-00122709-00123054 second with all due deference to the
xmjILKR7LFY-00373-00123055-00123306 east coast of England a reference to
xmjILKR7LFY-00374-00123307-00123582 Cambridge I do feel that men from north
xmjILKR7LFY-00375-00123583-00123792 of the border are the most suitable for
xmjILKR7LFY-00376-00123793-00123983 our routine business
xmjILKR7LFY-00377-00123984-00124329 I am very keen on keeping the Scottish
xmjILKR7LFY-00378-00124330-00124701 entity of the firm but I hope I have not
xmjILKR7LFY-00379-00124702-00124941 conveyed that I have swung against the
xmjILKR7LFY-00380-00124942-00125316 University man I merely considered that
xmjILKR7LFY-00381-00125317-00125529 he must be aided and abetted by the
xmjILKR7LFY-00382-00125530-00125772 solid plotting type from Scotland
xmjILKR7LFY-00383-00125773-00126024 Jardine's as controlled by the kazakh
xmjILKR7LFY-00384-00126025-00126264 family who are direct descendants of
xmjILKR7LFY-00385-00126265-00126522 William Jardine sister Jean through the
xmjILKR7LFY-00386-00126523-00126768 marriage of her daughter to Thomas Kazik
xmjILKR7LFY-00387-00126769-00127080 father of William Kazik an early Taipan
xmjILKR7LFY-00388-00127081-00127392 of the firm while the leadership of
xmjILKR7LFY-00389-00127393-00127634 Jardine's as Scottish the firm as
xmjILKR7LFY-00390-00127635-00128004 international in its dealings the staff
xmjILKR7LFY-00391-00128005-00128388 of Jardine's 390,000 employees as of
xmjILKR7LFY-00392-00128389-00128769 March 2014 is predominantly Asian with
xmjILKR7LFY-00393-00128770-00129033 senior management levels composed of a
xmjILKR7LFY-00394-00129033-00129365 mixture of British Chinese Indonesians
xmjILKR7LFY-00395-00129366-00129733 Europeans Australians and Americans
xmjILKR7LFY-00396-00129734-00129956 the Kazakhs have maintained a
xmjILKR7LFY-00397-00129957-00130159 relationship with another prominent
xmjILKR7LFY-00398-00130160-00130438 Scottish family the Fleming's of which
xmjILKR7LFY-00399-00130439-00130771 the author Ian Fleming was also a member
xmjILKR7LFY-00400-00130772-00131293 from 1970 until 1998 Jardine Matheson
xmjILKR7LFY-00401-00131294-00131609 operated a pan-asian investment banking
xmjILKR7LFY-00402-00131610-00131849 joint venture Jardine Fleming
xmjILKR7LFY-00403-00131850-00132127 with Robert Fleming & Co a London
xmjILKR7LFY-00404-00132128-00132371 merchant bank controlled by the Fleming
xmjILKR7LFY-00405-00132372-00132799 family in 2000 Jardine Fleming and
xmjILKR7LFY-00406-00132800-00133086 Robert Fleming & Co were sold to
xmjILKR7LFY-00407-00133087-00133649 JPMorgan Chase Topic influence Jardine's
xmjILKR7LFY-00408-00133650-00133943 history was the inspiration for a series
xmjILKR7LFY-00409-00133944-00134178 of novels written by James Clavell
xmjILKR7LFY-00410-00134179-00134599 including Taipan guy gin and noble house
xmjILKR7LFY-00411-00134600-00135013 the noble house TV mini-series actually
xmjILKR7LFY-00412-00135014-00135238 used Jardine as the headquarters of
xmjILKR7LFY-00413-00135239-00135506 strew ins & Co the fictional company
xmjILKR7LFY-00414-00135507-00135944 depicted in clavin's novels in Taipan
xmjILKR7LFY-00415-00135945-00136235 Dirks true anaz loosely based on William
xmjILKR7LFY-00416-00136236-00136528 Jardine while Rob's true in is loosely
xmjILKR7LFY-00417-00136529-00136903 based on James Matheson Jardine's
xmjILKR7LFY-00418-00136904-00137207 installed the first elevator in China in
xmjILKR7LFY-00419-00137208-00137498 the northern city of Tianjin mail sent
xmjILKR7LFY-00420-00137499-00137779 to Jardine's requires no address just
xmjILKR7LFY-00421-00137780-00138016 the name as enough to ensure its
xmjILKR7LFY-00422-00138017-00138364 delivery many streets in present-day
xmjILKR7LFY-00423-00138365-00138656 Hong Kong are named after the firm its
xmjILKR7LFY-00424-00138657-00138949 founders and past Taipans mostly
xmjILKR7LFY-00425-00138950-00139213 concentrated in Hong Kong's East Point
xmjILKR7LFY-00426-00139214-00139453 and Causeway Bay districts where
xmjILKR7LFY-00427-00139454-00139724 Jardine's offices were located in the
xmjILKR7LFY-00428-00139725-00140081 early days the name of Yee Wall Street
xmjILKR7LFY-00429-00140082-00140368 Inn comes from Jardine's Chinese name
xmjILKR7LFY-00430-00140369-00140486 EWO
xmjILKR7LFY-00431-00140487-00140764 whilst other streets associated with the
xmjILKR7LFY-00432-00140765-00140996 company include Jardine's Bazaar
xmjILKR7LFY-00433-00140997-00141281 Jardine's Crescent Jardine's bridge
xmjILKR7LFY-00434-00141282-00141620 Jardine's lookout Matheson Street Layton
xmjILKR7LFY-00435-00141621-00141683 Road
xmjILKR7LFY-00436-00141684-00141973 Percival Street and Patterson Street
xmjILKR7LFY-00437-00141974-00142274 Jardine's as responsible for maintaining
xmjILKR7LFY-00438-00142275-00142511 the tradition of firing the noonday gun
xmjILKR7LFY-00439-00142512-00142828 a duty said to have been imposed on them
xmjILKR7LFY-00440-00142829-00143102 by a new senior naval officer on
xmjILKR7LFY-00441-00143103-00143306 hearing them fire a salute for the
xmjILKR7LFY-00442-00143307-00143561 Taipan when his schooners arrived in
xmjILKR7LFY-00443-00143562-00143798 Hong Kong as they had no official
xmjILKR7LFY-00444-00143799-00144164 authority to fire salutes the practice
xmjILKR7LFY-00445-00144165-00144488 was immortalized in Noel Coward song mad
xmjILKR7LFY-00446-00144489-00145185 dogs and Englishmen
xmjILKR7LFY-00447-00145186-00145735 topic see also
xmjILKR7LFY-00448-00145736-00146204 list of trading companies equals equals
xmjILKR7LFY-00449-00146205-00146459 nodes
yot6qZKkewU-00000-00000000-00000182 now i'm going to be talking about the
yot6qZKkewU-00001-00000183-00000423 most important part which are the three
yot6qZKkewU-00002-00000424-00000591 strategies that are going to help you
yot6qZKkewU-00003-00000592-00000862 gain all the visibility and conversions
yot6qZKkewU-00004-00000863-00001127 on your listing so listen carefully and
yot6qZKkewU-00005-00001128-00001313 jot down you know
yot6qZKkewU-00006-00001314-00001782 [Music]
yot6qZKkewU-00007-00001784-00001991 when bidding by placement was introduced
yot6qZKkewU-00008-00001992-00002310 by amazon in advertising it created a
yot6qZKkewU-00009-00002311-00002567 lot of buzz and excitement among sellers
yot6qZKkewU-00010-00002568-00002775 because this feature actually lets you
yot6qZKkewU-00011-00002776-00002950 get into the nitty-gritty of sponsored
yot6qZKkewU-00012-00002951-00003199 ads it also gives you gradual control
yot6qZKkewU-00013-00003200-00003447 over bidding by placement that lets you
yot6qZKkewU-00014-00003447-00003686 decide where you want your app to appear
yot6qZKkewU-00015-00003688-00003879 every advertiser should know about this
yot6qZKkewU-00016-00003879-00004063 powerful feature and we are going to be
yot6qZKkewU-00017-00004064-00004311 talking about just that today and of
yot6qZKkewU-00018-00004312-00004438 course if you find this video
yot6qZKkewU-00019-00004439-00004599 interesting do not forget to give us a
yot6qZKkewU-00020-00004600-00004759 like and subscribe to our ever growing
yot6qZKkewU-00021-00004760-00004991 community so let's get on with the video
yot6qZKkewU-00022-00004992-00005167 so i'm here to tell you everything that
yot6qZKkewU-00023-00005168-00005327 you need to know about bidding by
yot6qZKkewU-00024-00005328-00005535 placement and i'm going to be talking
yot6qZKkewU-00025-00005536-00005718 about some powerful strategies that will
yot6qZKkewU-00026-00005719-00005927 get your product placed right where you
yot6qZKkewU-00027-00005928-00006151 want it so all your potential customers
yot6qZKkewU-00028-00006152-00006422 can see so before we get on with our
yot6qZKkewU-00029-00006423-00006646 strategies i think it is very important
yot6qZKkewU-00030-00006647-00006887 for us to understand what exactly is
yot6qZKkewU-00031-00006888-00007175 bidding by placement a short animation
yot6qZKkewU-00032-00007176-00007310 here is going to help you understand
yot6qZKkewU-00033-00007311-00007559 that bits by placement is the ability to
yot6qZKkewU-00034-00007559-00007727 change your bits depending on where you
yot6qZKkewU-00035-00007728-00007942 want your ads to be shown you can now
yot6qZKkewU-00036-00007943-00008151 allow amazon to automatically raise your
yot6qZKkewU-00037-00008152-00008431 amazon bids up to 900 for certain
yot6qZKkewU-00038-00008432-00008631 placements through the right bed
yot6qZKkewU-00039-00008632-00008823 placement you can win a bid where there
yot6qZKkewU-00040-00008824-00009046 is competition you'll be competing for
yot6qZKkewU-00041-00009047-00009287 opportunities and the higher you bid the
yot6qZKkewU-00042-00009288-00009471 more likely you'll get picked so
yot6qZKkewU-00043-00009472-00009678 essentially there are two big benefits
yot6qZKkewU-00044-00009679-00009903 of using placements the first one is
yot6qZKkewU-00045-00009904-00010078 bidding by placement allows you to
yot6qZKkewU-00046-00010079-00010359 increase your bid for a specified amount
yot6qZKkewU-00047-00010360-00010599 and second bits by placement helps you
yot6qZKkewU-00048-00010600-00010838 change your default bits dramatically so
yot6qZKkewU-00049-00010839-00011055 amazon segregates the placement based on
yot6qZKkewU-00050-00011056-00011319 three categories the first one is stop
yot6qZKkewU-00051-00011320-00011527 search here the sponsor product ads
yot6qZKkewU-00052-00011528-00011814 appear on the top row of the first page
yot6qZKkewU-00053-00011815-00012078 or the search engine result page this is
yot6qZKkewU-00054-00012079-00012310 the most competitive placement option
yot6qZKkewU-00055-00012311-00012503 and this actually results in the most
yot6qZKkewU-00056-00012504-00012783 conversions the next is product pages
yot6qZKkewU-00057-00012784-00012983 that means your ad will be displayed in
yot6qZKkewU-00058-00012984-00013199 one of the product detail pages this is
yot6qZKkewU-00059-00013200-00013558 outside of amazon serps or serps and
yot6qZKkewU-00060-00013559-00013775 this means that your ad can be displayed
yot6qZKkewU-00061-00013776-00014015 next to add to cart or buy now and the
yot6qZKkewU-00062-00014016-00014279 third is rest of the search that means
yot6qZKkewU-00063-00014280-00014479 all the other placements that come after
yot6qZKkewU-00064-00014480-00014719 top of the search and are outside amazon
yot6qZKkewU-00065-00014719-00015094 serps and you cannot edit this bill
yot6qZKkewU-00066-00015095-00015350 and here's a note you can apply and add
yot6qZKkewU-00067-00015351-00015535 adjustment on top of each of these
yot6qZKkewU-00068-00015536-00015750 placements so let's understand this with
yot6qZKkewU-00069-00015751-00015999 an example for example you could select
yot6qZKkewU-00070-00016000-00016222 top of the page and apply fifty percent
yot6qZKkewU-00071-00016223-00016503 adjustment if your bid was two dollars
yot6qZKkewU-00072-00016504-00016679 then it could only be raised to three
yot6qZKkewU-00073-00016680-00016894 dollars to acquire the top of the page
yot6qZKkewU-00074-00016895-00017094 placement so now you must be thinking
yot6qZKkewU-00075-00017095-00017271 that all of this sounds really good but
yot6qZKkewU-00076-00017272-00017455 do i really need to apply it to my
yot6qZKkewU-00077-00017456-00017735 amazon ppc strategies already well let
yot6qZKkewU-00078-00017736-00017886 me tell you the benefits and then
yot6qZKkewU-00079-00017887-00018063 hopefully you will be convinced the
yot6qZKkewU-00080-00018064-00018319 first advantage is that you can set bit
yot6qZKkewU-00081-00018320-00018591 multipliers so when you use adjust bid
yot6qZKkewU-00082-00018592-00018830 by placement you can actually set up
yot6qZKkewU-00083-00018831-00019063 placement multipliers in your sponsored
yot6qZKkewU-00084-00019064-00019199 product ads
yot6qZKkewU-00085-00019200-00019399 so this allows you to increase your bid
yot6qZKkewU-00086-00019400-00019671 by a specific amount and you can focus
yot6qZKkewU-00087-00019672-00019871 on where you want your ad to be placed
yot6qZKkewU-00088-00019872-00020086 so this means that sellers looking to
yot6qZKkewU-00089-00020087-00020383 optimize their amazon ads can now change
yot6qZKkewU-00090-00020384-00020663 the bid for one specific ads without
yot6qZKkewU-00091-00020664-00020903 disturbing the other ads in place so
yot6qZKkewU-00092-00020904-00021119 sellers looking to optimize their amazon
yot6qZKkewU-00093-00021120-00021447 ppc strategy can now change the bill for
yot6qZKkewU-00094-00021448-00021703 one target ad placement and that won't
yot6qZKkewU-00095-00021704-00021935 affect the other placements and other
yot6qZKkewU-00096-00021936-00022183 targeted ads the next advantage is that
yot6qZKkewU-00097-00022184-00022375 it helps you understand where to focus
yot6qZKkewU-00098-00022376-00022558 your placements each placement is
yot6qZKkewU-00099-00022559-00022719 different and of course it comes with
yot6qZKkewU-00100-00022720-00023014 its own pros and cons so in order to
yot6qZKkewU-00101-00023015-00023239 view your ads performance by placement
yot6qZKkewU-00102-00023240-00023471 open a campaign and click on placements
yot6qZKkewU-00103-00023472-00023694 tab this will give you a better idea of
yot6qZKkewU-00104-00023695-00023855 which placement you should be focusing
yot6qZKkewU-00105-00023856-00024111 in your ad campaigns and finally it
yot6qZKkewU-00106-00024112-00024327 helps you optimize your campaigns this
yot6qZKkewU-00107-00024328-00024519 feature lets you fully optimize your
yot6qZKkewU-00108-00024520-00024799 amazon ppc ads and adjusting bits by
yot6qZKkewU-00109-00024800-00025030 placement actually helps you gain more
yot6qZKkewU-00110-00025031-00025278 row as or get more return on investment
yot6qZKkewU-00111-00025279-00025478 this is done by placing your ads in
yot6qZKkewU-00112-00025479-00025702 better positions where it is visible to
yot6qZKkewU-00113-00025704-00025887 your potential customers and removing
yot6qZKkewU-00114-00025888-00026134 your ads from ineffective areas now i'm
yot6qZKkewU-00115-00026135-00026335 going to be talking about the most
yot6qZKkewU-00116-00026336-00026527 important part which are the three
yot6qZKkewU-00117-00026527-00026695 strategies that are going to help you
yot6qZKkewU-00118-00026695-00026974 gain all the visibility and conversions
yot6qZKkewU-00119-00026975-00027239 on your listing so listen carefully and
yot6qZKkewU-00120-00027239-00027414 jot down your notes so let's look at the
yot6qZKkewU-00121-00027416-00027607 first strategy we call measure and
yot6qZKkewU-00122-00027608-00027846 modify so in this strategy we are going
yot6qZKkewU-00123-00027847-00028087 to analyze all the insights from your
yot6qZKkewU-00124-00028088-00028318 ppc campaigns and we are going to be
yot6qZKkewU-00125-00028319-00028543 looking at what seller app suggests on
yot6qZKkewU-00126-00028544-00028767 how you can adjust your modifiers so if
yot6qZKkewU-00127-00028768-00028990 you're wondering how we do this
yot6qZKkewU-00128-00028991-00029183 let's dive into it
yot6qZKkewU-00129-00029183-00029390 log into your seller apps dashboard and
yot6qZKkewU-00130-00029391-00029623 open advertising
yot6qZKkewU-00131-00029624-00029831 the inside tab gives you actionable
yot6qZKkewU-00132-00029832-00029999 suggestions to increase campaign
yot6qZKkewU-00133-00030000-00030143 performance
yot6qZKkewU-00134-00030144-00030351 the search terms are bucketed based on
yot6qZKkewU-00135-00030352-00030639 the contribution in bringing in sales so
yot6qZKkewU-00136-00030639-00030855 you can get access to powerful features
yot6qZKkewU-00137-00030856-00031062 like negative search terms positive
yot6qZKkewU-00138-00031063-00031318 search terms auto to manual target
yot6qZKkewU-00139-00031319-00031543 improvement bid optimization positive
yot6qZKkewU-00140-00031544-00031733 assens and negative aces
yot6qZKkewU-00141-00031735-00031846 [Music]
yot6qZKkewU-00142-00031847-00032062 next the campaign manager tab gives you
yot6qZKkewU-00143-00032063-00032287 a quick look at the campaigns and
yot6qZKkewU-00144-00032288-00032551 analyzes their profitability review the
yot6qZKkewU-00145-00032552-00032711 overall performance of your campaigns
yot6qZKkewU-00146-00032712-00032927 with visual aids that will help you
yot6qZKkewU-00147-00032928-00033127 easily understand and keep track of key
yot6qZKkewU-00148-00033128-00033318 performance indicators
yot6qZKkewU-00149-00033319-00033518 you can also monitor the performance of
yot6qZKkewU-00150-00033519-00033774 each keyboard or targeted aisins and
yot6qZKkewU-00151-00033775-00034062 edit the daily budget allotted to them
yot6qZKkewU-00152-00034063-00034246 in order for you to make changes to the
yot6qZKkewU-00153-00034247-00034471 placement bits all you have to do is
yot6qZKkewU-00154-00034472-00034790 click on the gear icon under status
yot6qZKkewU-00155-00034791-00034983 which opens up the campaign settings
yot6qZKkewU-00156-00034984-00035079 screen
yot6qZKkewU-00157-00035080-00035295 here if you scroll to the bottom you can
yot6qZKkewU-00158-00035296-00035511 see placement bits where you can make
yot6qZKkewU-00159-00035512-00035695 the changes according to the insights
yot6qZKkewU-00160-00035696-00035918 you have obtained earlier the next
yot6qZKkewU-00161-00035919-00036102 strategy is to segment your keywords
yot6qZKkewU-00162-00036103-00036302 under each unique campaign a lot of
yot6qZKkewU-00163-00036303-00036471 sellers make the mistake of adding
yot6qZKkewU-00164-00036472-00036646 thousands of keyword under their ad
yot6qZKkewU-00165-00036647-00036871 group a lot of keywords are not going to
yot6qZKkewU-00166-00036872-00037127 get you enough click and might get
yot6qZKkewU-00167-00037128-00037287 impressions but impressions without
yot6qZKkewU-00168-00037288-00037462 click or conversion are basically
yot6qZKkewU-00169-00037463-00037727 useless as we have learned before amazon
yot6qZKkewU-00170-00037728-00037983 favors conversions over impressions so
yot6qZKkewU-00171-00037984-00038190 you need to be focused on keywords that
yot6qZKkewU-00172-00038191-00038390 you think are going to convert so this
yot6qZKkewU-00173-00038391-00038583 is why it is really important for you to
yot6qZKkewU-00174-00038584-00038839 segment your keywords uh so that each
yot6qZKkewU-00175-00038840-00039015 segment gets enough clicks and you can
yot6qZKkewU-00176-00039016-00039230 budget them accordingly so you can
yot6qZKkewU-00177-00039231-00039446 separate your keyword in four ways so
yot6qZKkewU-00178-00039447-00039607 the first one is single keyword
yot6qZKkewU-00179-00039608-00039830 campaigns here you take the keywords
yot6qZKkewU-00180-00039831-00040015 that are highly relevant to your product
yot6qZKkewU-00181-00040016-00040279 and bid highly against that using the
yot6qZKkewU-00182-00040280-00040495 top of the search modifiers so if you
yot6qZKkewU-00183-00040496-00040727 have keywords that are high in volume we
yot6qZKkewU-00184-00040728-00040887 have noticed that they drain away your
yot6qZKkewU-00185-00040888-00041062 budget rather quickly and do not get
yot6qZKkewU-00186-00041063-00041318 much conversions if you combine high and
yot6qZKkewU-00187-00041319-00041511 low volume keywords the low volume
yot6qZKkewU-00188-00041512-00041718 keywords are not going to get much
yot6qZKkewU-00189-00041719-00041990 impression so segregate them accordingly
yot6qZKkewU-00190-00041991-00042279 to have a control over your a course and
yot6qZKkewU-00191-00042280-00042551 third is relevance based separations so
yot6qZKkewU-00192-00042552-00042758 in this what you have to do is take the
yot6qZKkewU-00193-00042759-00042918 keywords which are highly relevant to
yot6qZKkewU-00194-00042919-00043071 your product and add them to your
yot6qZKkewU-00195-00043072-00043271 keyword bucket this will give you more
yot6qZKkewU-00196-00043272-00043462 opportunities as far as the placement
yot6qZKkewU-00197-00043463-00043718 modifiers go and fourth are competitor
yot6qZKkewU-00198-00043719-00043935 keywords so what you can do is you can
yot6qZKkewU-00199-00043936-00044127 actually add computer keywords in your
yot6qZKkewU-00200-00044128-00044423 single uh keyword campaign this will
yot6qZKkewU-00201-00044424-00044607 actually help you target your
yot6qZKkewU-00202-00044608-00044823 competitors traffic as well and you can
yot6qZKkewU-00203-00044824-00044990 bring in some of that traffic to your
yot6qZKkewU-00204-00044991-00045239 listing the third and the final step of
yot6qZKkewU-00205-00045240-00045502 the strategy is to modify your bidding
yot6qZKkewU-00206-00045503-00045727 strategy after your launch
yot6qZKkewU-00207-00045728-00045935 so if you're new to this ppc strategy or
yot6qZKkewU-00208-00045936-00046087 if you have just launched a new product
yot6qZKkewU-00209-00046088-00046302 on amazon you need to understand the
yot6qZKkewU-00210-00046303-00046471 first two to three weeks are really
yot6qZKkewU-00211-00046472-00046702 important for your ads this is the time
yot6qZKkewU-00212-00046703-00046943 where you screen your ppc campaigns um
yot6qZKkewU-00213-00046944-00047102 for the best and worst performing
yot6qZKkewU-00214-00047103-00047407 keywords uh placements and bidding and
yot6qZKkewU-00215-00047408-00047623 so on so make sure you're looking at the
yot6qZKkewU-00216-00047624-00047823 source from report and understanding
yot6qZKkewU-00217-00047824-00047974 what worked for you and what did not
yot6qZKkewU-00218-00047975-00048167 work for you and modifying your strategy
yot6qZKkewU-00219-00048168-00048351 accordingly this is the time where your
yot6qZKkewU-00220-00048352-00048479 products actually get the most
yot6qZKkewU-00221-00048480-00048671 conversions as well this is called the
yot6qZKkewU-00222-00048672-00048951 honeymoon period on amazon it gives you
yot6qZKkewU-00223-00048952-00049151 an unfair advantage where amazon does
yot6qZKkewU-00224-00049152-00049318 not really know if
yot6qZKkewU-00225-00049319-00049518 your product is good or not so it
yot6qZKkewU-00226-00049519-00049727 automatically shows you in the first
yot6qZKkewU-00227-00049728-00049918 page of amazon which is really important
yot6qZKkewU-00228-00049919-00050239 for conversions so in short you have no
yot6qZKkewU-00229-00050240-00050455 historic data that amazon can look at
yot6qZKkewU-00230-00050456-00050646 which gives you an unfair advantage
yot6qZKkewU-00231-00050647-00050830 and you should make the most out of this
yot6qZKkewU-00232-00050831-00051071 honeymoon period so in this strategy you
yot6qZKkewU-00233-00051072-00051223 have to make sure that you do not have
yot6qZKkewU-00234-00051224-00051479 any sparse data this will not allow a
yot6qZKkewU-00235-00051479-00051750 dynamic up and down activity as seller
yot6qZKkewU-00236-00051751-00051975 app we recommend that you decide how
yot6qZKkewU-00237-00051976-00052199 much you want to bid and go for it so
yot6qZKkewU-00238-00052200-00052335 this is everything you need to know
yot6qZKkewU-00239-00052336-00052591 about amazon ppc bidding by placement if
yot6qZKkewU-00240-00052591-00052782 you enjoyed this video let us know by
yot6qZKkewU-00241-00052783-00052975 liking and subscribing to our channel if
yot6qZKkewU-00242-00052976-00053199 you have any more questions leave them
yot6qZKkewU-00243-00053200-00053463 down below for us to answer of course if
yot6qZKkewU-00244-00053464-00053671 you have any video suggestions let us
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yot6qZKkewU-00246-00053832-00053982 you so we would love to create that
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yot6qZKkewU-00255-00055520-00055620 happy
yot6qZKkewU-00256-00055621-00057726 [Music]
yot6qZKkewU-00257-00057727-00057936 you
y0kwUjytjQI-00000-00000012-00000408 gas
y0kwUjytjQI-00001-00000409-00000784 [Music]
y0kwUjytjQI-00002-00000785-00001320 persky wow
y0kwUjytjQI-00003-00001321-00001682 Nuevo Kaspersky
y21HiMoxcu0-00000-00000330-00000511 foreign
y21HiMoxcu0-00001-00000512-00001102 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00002-00001103-00004011 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00003-00004013-00004993 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00004-00004994-00005356 hello a very warm welcome to this first
y21HiMoxcu0-00005-00005357-00005549 youth research dialogue my name is
y21HiMoxcu0-00006-00005550-00005759 Carmen I'm the project manager and
y21HiMoxcu0-00007-00005760-00006041 coordinator of terrain Network here at
y21HiMoxcu0-00008-00006042-00006197 the Finnish National Agency for
y21HiMoxcu0-00009-00006198-00006311 education
y21HiMoxcu0-00010-00006312-00006539 and yeah we are all super excited and
y21HiMoxcu0-00011-00006540-00006814 happy that this thematic online series
y21HiMoxcu0-00012-00006815-00007096 is finally starting now today with our
y21HiMoxcu0-00013-00007097-00007301 first topic how do strengths on the
y21HiMoxcu0-00014-00007302-00007570 youth sector both pandemic so thanks for
y21HiMoxcu0-00015-00007572-00007792 joining us and it's also super nice and
y21HiMoxcu0-00016-00007793-00007996 very cool that the new EU youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00017-00007997-00008374 coordinator biliana sirakova is here
y21HiMoxcu0-00018-00008375-00008507 yeah
y21HiMoxcu0-00019-00008508-00008735 um maybe some words
y21HiMoxcu0-00020-00008736-00008933 um what was the idea behind this series
y21HiMoxcu0-00021-00008934-00009160 of course to make our research findings
y21HiMoxcu0-00022-00009161-00009424 more accessible but also um other
y21HiMoxcu0-00023-00009425-00009737 European youth research studies and and
y21HiMoxcu0-00024-00009738-00009905 with the aim to create a dialogue
y21HiMoxcu0-00025-00009906-00010085 between researchers and their findings
y21HiMoxcu0-00026-00010086-00010373 and yeah we intend to do this with um
y21HiMoxcu0-00027-00010374-00010637 with different topics so more episodes
y21HiMoxcu0-00028-00010638-00010883 will still follow this year uh most
y21HiMoxcu0-00029-00010884-00011135 probably the next one in Autumn so let's
y21HiMoxcu0-00030-00011136-00011392 check out our our website and our social
y21HiMoxcu0-00031-00011393-00011710 media Pages for any updates and yeah we
y21HiMoxcu0-00032-00011711-00011981 will announce everything there and now I
y21HiMoxcu0-00033-00011982-00012227 have the honor to introduce the team so
y21HiMoxcu0-00034-00012228-00012445 the moderation will be done by Tommy
y21HiMoxcu0-00035-00012446-00012719 kilakowski who is a youth researcher
y21HiMoxcu0-00036-00012720-00013030 himself and our digital facilitator is
y21HiMoxcu0-00037-00013031-00013211 domago and morich
y21HiMoxcu0-00038-00013212-00013366 yeah you will hear more about the
y21HiMoxcu0-00039-00013368-00013697 speakers in a second enjoy and now over
y21HiMoxcu0-00040-00013697-00014099 to You Tommy
y21HiMoxcu0-00041-00014100-00014644 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00042-00014645-00014866 you're all well and welcome to follow
y21HiMoxcu0-00043-00014868-00015316 our first ever Ray you research dialogue
y21HiMoxcu0-00044-00015318-00015527 today we'll be talking about talking
y21HiMoxcu0-00045-00015528-00015779 about covid-19 and how to come out of
y21HiMoxcu0-00046-00015780-00016030 the covid-19 era as you know covid-19
y21HiMoxcu0-00047-00016031-00016211 has had a profound impact on our
y21HiMoxcu0-00048-00016212-00016397 European societies
y21HiMoxcu0-00049-00016398-00016565 one of the consequences of the crisis
y21HiMoxcu0-00050-00016566-00016757 that has not been discussed discussed
y21HiMoxcu0-00051-00016758-00016925 properly enough is the impact of
y21HiMoxcu0-00052-00016926-00017194 covid-19 on different Generations you
y21HiMoxcu0-00053-00017195-00017344 know that pandemics has had a huge
y21HiMoxcu0-00054-00017345-00017665 impact on the Young and youth work
y21HiMoxcu0-00055-00017666-00017999 s are famously said that well-being is
y21HiMoxcu0-00056-00018000-00018172 about three different things it's about
y21HiMoxcu0-00057-00018173-00018257 having
y21HiMoxcu0-00058-00018258-00018461 things such as money and income and
y21HiMoxcu0-00059-00018462-00018736 housing and it's about loving having
y21HiMoxcu0-00060-00018737-00018922 social relationships and friends and
y21HiMoxcu0-00061-00018923-00019055 it's about being it's about
y21HiMoxcu0-00062-00019056-00019319 self-fulfillment and participation
y21HiMoxcu0-00063-00019320-00019529 comic policies have had an impact on all
y21HiMoxcu0-00064-00019530-00019744 on all of these dimensions on having
y21HiMoxcu0-00065-00019745-00019991 unloving and non-being
y21HiMoxcu0-00066-00019992-00020171 and today we are going to concentrate on
y21HiMoxcu0-00067-00020172-00020375 looking at precisely these
y21HiMoxcu0-00068-00020376-00020585 with us we have Christina pack also and
y21HiMoxcu0-00069-00020586-00020771 Andreas Karsten who will talk about
y21HiMoxcu0-00070-00020772-00021047 their recent research research findings
y21HiMoxcu0-00071-00021048-00021263 which we all in the U field need to be
y21HiMoxcu0-00072-00021264-00021389 aware of
y21HiMoxcu0-00073-00021390-00021599 our dialogue and the presentation will
y21HiMoxcu0-00074-00021600-00021935 be recorded and will be available uh on
y21HiMoxcu0-00075-00021936-00022211 the internet later on and the video will
y21HiMoxcu0-00076-00022212-00022397 be edited
y21HiMoxcu0-00077-00022398-00022594 we would like you to we would like to
y21HiMoxcu0-00078-00022595-00022835 invite you to comment uh on the
y21HiMoxcu0-00079-00022836-00023063 discussions to ask questions
y21HiMoxcu0-00080-00023064-00023327 to raise raise ideas
y21HiMoxcu0-00081-00023328-00023603 so let's be active and let's talk
y21HiMoxcu0-00082-00023604-00023861 you can post questions on Facebook
y21HiMoxcu0-00083-00023862-00024130 chat or you can use mentimeter if you if
y21HiMoxcu0-00084-00024131-00024358 you prefer that the code will display on
y21HiMoxcu0-00085-00024359-00024463 the screen
y21HiMoxcu0-00086-00024464-00024736 so without further Ado it's time for our
y21HiMoxcu0-00087-00024737-00025007 first presentation Christina is a youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00088-00025008-00025241 researcher and a consultant specializing
y21HiMoxcu0-00089-00025242-00025492 on youth participation and youth policy
y21HiMoxcu0-00090-00025493-00025708 Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00091-00025710-00026024 be my guest
y21HiMoxcu0-00092-00026025-00026495 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00093-00026495-00026764 thanks Tommy uh for that introduction uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00094-00026766-00027017 today I'll be sharing some findings uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00095-00027018-00027257 from a piece of work that was just
y21HiMoxcu0-00096-00027258-00027545 completed um maybe if you could uh bring
y21HiMoxcu0-00097-00027545-00027845 up the slides uh this is a piece of work
y21HiMoxcu0-00098-00027845-00028085 that I did with my colleagues Dan and
y21HiMoxcu0-00099-00028086-00028355 Adina at people dialogue and change on
y21HiMoxcu0-00100-00028356-00028595 behalf of the European Youth Forum and
y21HiMoxcu0-00101-00028595-00028835 uh the methods that we used uh included
y21HiMoxcu0-00102-00028836-00029057 a secondary analysis of a global survey
y21HiMoxcu0-00103-00029058-00029290 that was done last year where we focused
y21HiMoxcu0-00104-00029291-00029585 in specifically on the outcomes to the
y21HiMoxcu0-00105-00029586-00029849 survey of 32 European countries with a
y21HiMoxcu0-00106-00029850-00030089 sample size of just over 4 400 young
y21HiMoxcu0-00107-00030089-00030352 people between 18 and 34.
y21HiMoxcu0-00108-00030354-00030557 um as well as focus groups and
y21HiMoxcu0-00109-00030558-00030802 interviews with 29 young people across
y21HiMoxcu0-00110-00030804-00031139 Europe uh who themselves self-identified
y21HiMoxcu0-00111-00031139-00031343 as being within a marginalized
y21HiMoxcu0-00112-00031344-00031570 situations or backgrounds as well as a
y21HiMoxcu0-00113-00031572-00031787 policy view a review and a literature
y21HiMoxcu0-00114-00031788-00032177 review uh next slide so the
y21HiMoxcu0-00115-00032177-00032393 um the findings really focused in on
y21HiMoxcu0-00116-00032394-00032645 three General themes and the First theme
y21HiMoxcu0-00117-00032645-00032861 is education what we found is that
y21HiMoxcu0-00118-00032862-00033179 nearly 1 in 10 Young students were not
y21HiMoxcu0-00119-00033180-00033437 getting any access to courses teaching
y21HiMoxcu0-00120-00033438-00033605 or training and this was irrespective of
y21HiMoxcu0-00121-00033606-00033905 the fact that education at this time was
y21HiMoxcu0-00122-00033906-00034145 brought online there was still nearly 10
y21HiMoxcu0-00123-00034146-00034349 who could not even access those
y21HiMoxcu0-00124-00034350-00034618 opportunities next slide
y21HiMoxcu0-00125-00034619-00034883 similarly one in ten students think that
y21HiMoxcu0-00126-00034884-00035051 the pandemic will cause them to
y21HiMoxcu0-00127-00035052-00035290 completely fail their education and 40
y21HiMoxcu0-00128-00035291-00035489 percent are worried that their education
y21HiMoxcu0-00129-00035490-00035771 will be delayed next slide
y21HiMoxcu0-00130-00035772-00035968 so we need to keep in mind that uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00131-00035969-00036221 during this time uh the rapid move to
y21HiMoxcu0-00132-00036222-00036418 online also did not necessarily affect
y21HiMoxcu0-00133-00036419-00036581 all students equally
y21HiMoxcu0-00134-00036582-00036827 um of course when we think of those who
y21HiMoxcu0-00135-00036828-00036977 lacked computer access or internet
y21HiMoxcu0-00136-00036978-00037174 access we can definitely see how they
y21HiMoxcu0-00137-00037175-00037402 could be within that 10 but also on the
y21HiMoxcu0-00138-00037403-00037511 other side
y21HiMoxcu0-00139-00037512-00037721 um it's a digitalization of Education
y21HiMoxcu0-00140-00037722-00037949 actually provided some students with
y21HiMoxcu0-00141-00037950-00038111 opportunities so for example those in
y21HiMoxcu0-00142-00038112-00038333 rural areas This research participant
y21HiMoxcu0-00143-00038334-00038549 had said I left University quite some
y21HiMoxcu0-00144-00038550-00038855 time ago but I found for myself that I
y21HiMoxcu0-00145-00038856-00039040 use the time in lockdown to do remote
y21HiMoxcu0-00146-00039041-00039287 Learning University modules other people
y21HiMoxcu0-00147-00039288-00039479 I know did the same people around here
y21HiMoxcu0-00148-00039480-00039635 were quite positive and used the time
y21HiMoxcu0-00149-00039636-00039743 well
y21HiMoxcu0-00150-00039744-00039965 moving to the next slide looking at
y21HiMoxcu0-00151-00039966-00040367 employment we know that as of March 2021
y21HiMoxcu0-00152-00040368-00040435 um
y21HiMoxcu0-00153-00040436-00040715 2.95 million young people under the age
y21HiMoxcu0-00154-00040716-00040927 of 25 in the EU were unemployed
y21HiMoxcu0-00155-00040928-00041218 unemployment is a challenge for youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00156-00041219-00041429 unemployment as a challenge irrespective
y21HiMoxcu0-00157-00041430-00041711 of the pandemic and was a much more much
y21HiMoxcu0-00158-00041712-00041915 so before the pandemic however during
y21HiMoxcu0-00159-00041916-00042187 this period a eurostat
y21HiMoxcu0-00160-00042188-00042443 calculated that youth unemployment rate
y21HiMoxcu0-00161-00042444-00042815 Rose from approximately 14.9 to 17.1
y21HiMoxcu0-00162-00042816-00042923 percent
y21HiMoxcu0-00163-00042924-00043229 in the next slide we see that one in 10
y21HiMoxcu0-00164-00043230-00043505 young people saw their future career
y21HiMoxcu0-00165-00043506-00043805 prospects with here and among uh the
y21HiMoxcu0-00166-00043806-00043937 young people who answered the survey
y21HiMoxcu0-00167-00043938-00044171 those in marginalized situations were
y21HiMoxcu0-00168-00044172-00044315 more than twice as likely to have
y21HiMoxcu0-00169-00044316-00044512 stopped working than other people other
y21HiMoxcu0-00170-00044513-00044645 young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00171-00044646-00044812 um if we see in the next Slide the quote
y21HiMoxcu0-00172-00044813-00044980 the challenges during the pandemic
y21HiMoxcu0-00173-00044981-00045257 therefore can set young people on a life
y21HiMoxcu0-00174-00045258-00045527 course with respect to their career that
y21HiMoxcu0-00175-00045528-00045646 was much more different than they
y21HiMoxcu0-00176-00045647-00045893 expected one research participant said
y21HiMoxcu0-00177-00045894-00046096 maybe I shouldn't focus on my dream job
y21HiMoxcu0-00178-00046097-00046330 anymore I have to focus on a job that
y21HiMoxcu0-00179-00046331-00046535 will give me money to live another had
y21HiMoxcu0-00180-00046536-00046768 said the jobs that are not the ones you
y21HiMoxcu0-00181-00046769-00046949 studied for you have to lower your
y21HiMoxcu0-00182-00046950-00047117 standards and we see that young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00183-00047118-00047339 are faced uh with this kind of challenge
y21HiMoxcu0-00184-00047340-00047639 in the last component of our research we
y21HiMoxcu0-00185-00047640-00047873 looked at Mental Health
y21HiMoxcu0-00186-00047874-00048040 um this question
y21HiMoxcu0-00187-00048041-00048299 um about uh if young people themselves
y21HiMoxcu0-00188-00048300-00048473 are experiencing anxiety or Depression
y21HiMoxcu0-00189-00048474-00048707 was calculated using a 20-point scale
y21HiMoxcu0-00190-00048708-00048983 where respondents to the question would
y21HiMoxcu0-00191-00048984-00049217 look at multiple statements and would a
y21HiMoxcu0-00192-00049218-00049451 rate how they were feeling in the past
y21HiMoxcu0-00193-00049452-00049721 two weeks across um this scale and so
y21HiMoxcu0-00194-00049722-00049973 the outcome of this was that nearly
y21HiMoxcu0-00195-00049974-00050236 two-thirds of young people uh may be
y21HiMoxcu0-00196-00050237-00050567 affected uh possibly having anxiety or
y21HiMoxcu0-00197-00050568-00050915 depression or probably having anxiety or
y21HiMoxcu0-00198-00050916-00051161 depression so here we can see that we
y21HiMoxcu0-00199-00051162-00051358 have somewhat of a mental health crisis
y21HiMoxcu0-00200-00051359-00051682 on our hands in the next quote we'll see
y21HiMoxcu0-00201-00051683-00051982 some context uh to this um some
y21HiMoxcu0-00202-00051983-00052211 depression experiences that young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00203-00052212-00052420 may be having I don't think it's fair
y21HiMoxcu0-00204-00052421-00052613 that we have young people approaching 30
y21HiMoxcu0-00205-00052614-00052835 years who have to move back with their
y21HiMoxcu0-00206-00052836-00053003 parents this is happening a lot right
y21HiMoxcu0-00207-00053004-00053254 now but also before the pandemic we
y21HiMoxcu0-00208-00053255-00053387 don't help them with starting their own
y21HiMoxcu0-00209-00053388-00053579 life it's unfair that we are ignoring
y21HiMoxcu0-00210-00053579-00053723 this big group of young people who can't
y21HiMoxcu0-00211-00053724-00053987 get employed so just on the last slide
y21HiMoxcu0-00212-00053988-00054130 there I just want to wrap it up in the
y21HiMoxcu0-00213-00054132-00054280 sense that the big takeaway is that
y21HiMoxcu0-00214-00054282-00054473 education employment and mental health
y21HiMoxcu0-00215-00054474-00054659 outcomes are not separate but rather
y21HiMoxcu0-00216-00054660-00054869 very much interlinked how a young person
y21HiMoxcu0-00217-00054870-00055061 fares in education will affect their
y21HiMoxcu0-00218-00055062-00055276 chances for employment naturally and if
y21HiMoxcu0-00219-00055277-00055397 they do better or worse unemployment
y21HiMoxcu0-00220-00055398-00055553 also has an impact on their mental
y21HiMoxcu0-00221-00055554-00055732 health but really what we're seeing here
y21HiMoxcu0-00222-00055733-00055876 is actually more of a Devil's Circle
y21HiMoxcu0-00223-00055877-00056069 where young people's poor mental health
y21HiMoxcu0-00224-00056070-00056453 will also likely worsen their chances at
y21HiMoxcu0-00225-00056454-00056704 employment and educational prospects and
y21HiMoxcu0-00226-00056705-00056854 this is their poor mental health and
y21HiMoxcu0-00227-00056855-00057076 well-being now and their prospects in
y21HiMoxcu0-00228-00057077-00057150 the future
y21HiMoxcu0-00229-00057151-00057359 therefore we know mental health is not
y21HiMoxcu0-00230-00057360-00057532 solely a mental intervention but but we
y21HiMoxcu0-00231-00057533-00057676 need to look at the supports that
y21HiMoxcu0-00232-00057677-00057844 address the socioeconomic determinants
y21HiMoxcu0-00233-00057845-00058066 of Health and I I think that this is
y21HiMoxcu0-00234-00058067-00058229 really a key thing for us to remember
y21HiMoxcu0-00235-00058229-00058373 when thinking about how to strengthen
y21HiMoxcu0-00236-00058374-00058813 the youth sector thank you
y21HiMoxcu0-00237-00058814-00059269 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00238-00059270-00059650 thank you Christina for your interesting
y21HiMoxcu0-00239-00059651-00059873 and voting research findings
y21HiMoxcu0-00240-00059874-00060065 I have to say already that I find the
y21HiMoxcu0-00241-00060066-00060413 term funderick's car really democracy
y21HiMoxcu0-00242-00060414-00060587 that's really moving and touching and
y21HiMoxcu0-00243-00060588-00060826 perhaps we will start using that please
y21HiMoxcu0-00244-00060827-00061000 uh I would like to remind you that you
y21HiMoxcu0-00245-00061001-00061241 can ask questions on Facebook and on
y21HiMoxcu0-00246-00061241-00061480 multimeter and we will answer them
y21HiMoxcu0-00247-00061482-00061711 during the dialogical session
y21HiMoxcu0-00248-00061712-00062104 next goal is Andreas Andreas is a member
y21HiMoxcu0-00249-00062105-00062344 of the transnational research team of
y21HiMoxcu0-00250-00062345-00062936 Ray Network onto you Andres
y21HiMoxcu0-00251-00062937-00063382 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00252-00063383-00063592 well thank you Tommy and thank you
y21HiMoxcu0-00253-00063594-00063694 Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00254-00063695-00063929 um for uh highlighting a few of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00255-00063929-00064187 findings from the study you did for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00256-00064188-00064529 up news firm uh it's a very cool to to
y21HiMoxcu0-00257-00064529-00064732 have you here today
y21HiMoxcu0-00258-00064733-00064942 um and I want to talk a little bit about
y21HiMoxcu0-00259-00064944-00065213 some of the ray findings and then how we
y21HiMoxcu0-00260-00065214-00065387 of course also have
y21HiMoxcu0-00261-00065388-00065638 um some dialogue in this youth research
y21HiMoxcu0-00262-00065639-00065813 dialogue coming up
y21HiMoxcu0-00263-00065814-00066149 um so we started about 14 15 months ago
y21HiMoxcu0-00264-00066150-00066413 surveying young people who are typically
y21HiMoxcu0-00265-00066414-00066599 involved in youth work and also shape
y21HiMoxcu0-00266-00066600-00066785 use work very proactively as well as
y21HiMoxcu0-00267-00066786-00066959 youth workers and youth leaders who
y21HiMoxcu0-00268-00066960-00067181 conduct and organize youth work and you
y21HiMoxcu0-00269-00067182-00067421 see here on this first slide a couple of
y21HiMoxcu0-00270-00067422-00067726 the things that youth work managed to do
y21HiMoxcu0-00271-00067727-00068021 under pandemic conditions in the past
y21HiMoxcu0-00272-00068022-00068267 year and a half across Europe
y21HiMoxcu0-00273-00068268-00068500 um with 74 of young people saying that
y21HiMoxcu0-00274-00068501-00068794 youthwork helped them to deal with the
y21HiMoxcu0-00275-00068795-00068981 crisis gave them something meaningful to
y21HiMoxcu0-00276-00068982-00069287 do during a time when they needed that
y21HiMoxcu0-00277-00069288-00069485 71 percent of young people saying
y21HiMoxcu0-00278-00069486-00069635 youthwork made them laugh make their
y21HiMoxcu0-00279-00069636-00069838 pandemic days better make them feel
y21HiMoxcu0-00280-00069839-00070109 better 68 of young people saying youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00281-00070110-00070247 will help them to understand and
y21HiMoxcu0-00282-00070248-00070613 interpret the news and if you want what
y21HiMoxcu0-00283-00070614-00070835 youthwork managed to do
y21HiMoxcu0-00284-00070836-00071056 um under conditions that we'll look at
y21HiMoxcu0-00285-00071057-00071321 in a moment is put some of the plasters
y21HiMoxcu0-00286-00071322-00071513 you saw on the last slide of Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00287-00071514-00071915 over young people's pandemic scars but
y21HiMoxcu0-00288-00071916-00072143 the overall situation of young people of
y21HiMoxcu0-00289-00072144-00072394 course was improved through that but not
y21HiMoxcu0-00290-00072395-00072653 massively changed and youthwork managed
y21HiMoxcu0-00291-00072654-00072838 to do that under quite horrifying
y21HiMoxcu0-00292-00072839-00072988 conditions which you see on the next
y21HiMoxcu0-00293-00072989-00073285 slide
y21HiMoxcu0-00294-00073286-00073661 where 95 of Youth workers say the
y21HiMoxcu0-00295-00073662-00073817 pandemic affected their youth work
y21HiMoxcu0-00296-00073818-00074026 majorly
y21HiMoxcu0-00297-00074027-00074387 um 84 saying organizations their
y21HiMoxcu0-00298-00074388-00074632 organizations were affected majorly or
y21HiMoxcu0-00299-00074633-00074915 moderately and only six percent of Youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00300-00074916-00075076 workers being able to say they could
y21HiMoxcu0-00301-00075077-00075299 still reach all of the young people that
y21HiMoxcu0-00302-00075300-00075538 they would normally work work with so
y21HiMoxcu0-00303-00075539-00075737 all in all what our research has shown
y21HiMoxcu0-00304-00075738-00076000 over those past 15 months is that youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00305-00076001-00076312 work needs massive recovery support this
y21HiMoxcu0-00306-00076313-00076517 is nothing that a largely voluntary
y21HiMoxcu0-00307-00076518-00076853 driven sector would be able to manage on
y21HiMoxcu0-00308-00076854-00077044 their own and that's why we started
y21HiMoxcu0-00309-00077045-00077326 looking in the past weeks at the
y21HiMoxcu0-00310-00077327-00077579 recovery and resilience facility of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00311-00077580-00077879 European Union the main instrument for
y21HiMoxcu0-00312-00077880-00078191 Recovery across Europe
y21HiMoxcu0-00313-00078192-00078581 and what you'll see two slides down now
y21HiMoxcu0-00314-00078582-00078844 I believe yeah exactly is that the
y21HiMoxcu0-00315-00078845-00079115 recovering it was in its facility
y21HiMoxcu0-00316-00079116-00079367 um has six different pillars and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00317-00079368-00079565 sixth one is called policies for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00318-00079566-00079738 next generation and very specifically
y21HiMoxcu0-00319-00079739-00079925 speaks about policies for children and
y21HiMoxcu0-00320-00079926-00080153 young people so that's in principle a
y21HiMoxcu0-00321-00080154-00080291 promising start
y21HiMoxcu0-00322-00080292-00080531 and then on the next slide you also see
y21HiMoxcu0-00323-00080532-00080903 that member states who are asked to
y21HiMoxcu0-00324-00080904-00081256 submit National plans for the usage of
y21HiMoxcu0-00325-00081257-00081491 this facility have to promote policies
y21HiMoxcu0-00326-00081492-00081676 for the next generation and that the
y21HiMoxcu0-00327-00081677-00081923 actions that they suggest should ensure
y21HiMoxcu0-00328-00081924-00082132 that the next generation of Europeans is
y21HiMoxcu0-00329-00082133-00082337 not permanently affected by the impact
y21HiMoxcu0-00330-00082338-00082553 of the pandemic and that the
y21HiMoxcu0-00331-00082554-00082979 generational Gap is not further deepened
y21HiMoxcu0-00332-00082980-00083225 the problem begins however when these
y21HiMoxcu0-00333-00083226-00083555 pillars are translated into components
y21HiMoxcu0-00334-00083556-00083849 which you will see in a moment exactly
y21HiMoxcu0-00335-00083850-00084125 because these six pillars as promising
y21HiMoxcu0-00336-00084126-00084287 as in particular that six pillar
y21HiMoxcu0-00337-00084288-00084485 policies for the Next Generation sounds
y21HiMoxcu0-00338-00084486-00084737 and reads were then translated to seven
y21HiMoxcu0-00339-00084738-00084953 components which have these catchy
y21HiMoxcu0-00340-00084954-00085187 titles here scalar power up reskill
y21HiMoxcu0-00341-00085188-00085444 upskill connectivity Administration a
y21HiMoxcu0-00342-00085445-00085721 wave of renovation and clean smart Fair
y21HiMoxcu0-00343-00085722-00085859 Urban Mobility
y21HiMoxcu0-00344-00085860-00086062 now in the guidance that the European
y21HiMoxcu0-00345-00086063-00086237 Commissioners developed four member
y21HiMoxcu0-00346-00086238-00086332 states
y21HiMoxcu0-00347-00086333-00086573 um only three of these talk about young
y21HiMoxcu0-00348-00086574-00086867 people and these are other ones that you
y21HiMoxcu0-00349-00086868-00087076 see here in pink resched up skill
y21HiMoxcu0-00350-00087077-00087203 digital connectivity public
y21HiMoxcu0-00351-00087204-00087388 administration and that last one only
y21HiMoxcu0-00352-00087389-00087593 talks about young people in the sense of
y21HiMoxcu0-00353-00087594-00087797 making the workforce and administration
y21HiMoxcu0-00354-00087798-00087935 younger
y21HiMoxcu0-00355-00087936-00088156 so what we have done then
y21HiMoxcu0-00356-00088157-00088397 um is ask us helps how do National
y21HiMoxcu0-00357-00088398-00088612 Recovery and resilience plans actually
y21HiMoxcu0-00358-00088613-00088900 cover young people and ideally also
y21HiMoxcu0-00359-00088901-00089117 youth work and what we have found so far
y21HiMoxcu0-00360-00089118-00089279 is
y21HiMoxcu0-00361-00089280-00089537 um under the premise that so far only 10
y21HiMoxcu0-00362-00089538-00089711 National Recovery plans have been
y21HiMoxcu0-00363-00089712-00089915 endorsed by the European commission and
y21HiMoxcu0-00364-00089916-00090131 all very very recently
y21HiMoxcu0-00365-00090132-00090293 um the first ones were particle in Spain
y21HiMoxcu0-00366-00090294-00090497 on the 16th of June so only only a
y21HiMoxcu0-00367-00090498-00090659 couple of days ago and the last ones
y21HiMoxcu0-00368-00090660-00090856 were just yesterday Italy German and
y21HiMoxcu0-00369-00090857-00090988 Latvia
y21HiMoxcu0-00370-00090989-00091138 um so if we look a little bit tired it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00371-00091139-00091306 because we did a night shift to analyze
y21HiMoxcu0-00372-00091307-00091438 these
y21HiMoxcu0-00373-00091439-00091673 um and what we have found is that Aid of
y21HiMoxcu0-00374-00091674-00091949 these National Recovery plans do have
y21HiMoxcu0-00375-00091950-00092231 dedicated youth actions in them but that
y21HiMoxcu0-00376-00092232-00092512 they exclusively focus on education
y21HiMoxcu0-00377-00092513-00092729 employment and to some extent
y21HiMoxcu0-00378-00092730-00092968 entrepreneurship and the transition from
y21HiMoxcu0-00379-00092969-00093143 education to employment and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00380-00093144-00093281 transition from education to
y21HiMoxcu0-00381-00093282-00093497 entrepreneurship so if you think back to
y21HiMoxcu0-00382-00093498-00093725 what Christina just showed us is that
y21HiMoxcu0-00383-00093726-00093971 there is one huge topic already missing
y21HiMoxcu0-00384-00093972-00094205 from these first 10 National Recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00385-00094206-00094432 plans which is the mental health of
y21HiMoxcu0-00386-00094433-00094750 young people but very importantly also
y21HiMoxcu0-00387-00094751-00094937 for the research work that we have done
y21HiMoxcu0-00388-00094938-00095147 what seems to be the case with these
y21HiMoxcu0-00389-00095148-00095405 first 10 National Recovery plans is that
y21HiMoxcu0-00390-00095406-00095700 youth work as a sector
y21HiMoxcu0-00391-00095701-00095975 actually is falling through the cracks
y21HiMoxcu0-00392-00095976-00096209 at the moment and that is something that
y21HiMoxcu0-00393-00096210-00096400 indeed is very much reason to worry
y21HiMoxcu0-00394-00096401-00096617 because in the past weeks and when this
y21HiMoxcu0-00395-00096618-00096767 is what the sector has been heard and
y21HiMoxcu0-00396-00096768-00096994 has been told all the time is that
y21HiMoxcu0-00397-00096995-00097199 National Recovery plans will have the
y21HiMoxcu0-00398-00097200-00097462 task to support youth work structurally
y21HiMoxcu0-00399-00097463-00097805 in its recovery uh post the pandemic and
y21HiMoxcu0-00400-00097806-00097991 at the moment those National Recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00401-00097992-00098393 plans show that it's failing to do so
y21HiMoxcu0-00402-00098394-00098970 thank you very much and back to Tommy
y21HiMoxcu0-00403-00098971-00099443 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00404-00099444-00099731 thank you Andreas for your
y21HiMoxcu0-00405-00099732-00099976 wonderful presentation which provided us
y21HiMoxcu0-00406-00099977-00100235 with another really good meta for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00407-00100236-00100499 body of falling through the cracks so we
y21HiMoxcu0-00408-00100500-00100738 have to find them his car and you're
y21HiMoxcu0-00409-00100739-00100949 falling through the cracks so we are not
y21HiMoxcu0-00410-00100950-00101171 in a happy place I guess I would like to
y21HiMoxcu0-00411-00101172-00101423 post a first question for Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00412-00101424-00101621 could you please comment on on the
y21HiMoxcu0-00413-00101622-00101837 findings of Andreas in your study which
y21HiMoxcu0-00414-00101838-00102106 you did with it did you talk about
y21HiMoxcu0-00415-00102107-00102430 triple losses educational economic loss
y21HiMoxcu0-00416-00102431-00102647 and also poor Mental Health
y21HiMoxcu0-00417-00102648-00102844 and this loss is now from a pandemic's
y21HiMoxcu0-00418-00102845-00103049 car which is likely to follow young
y21HiMoxcu0-00419-00103050-00103234 people for the rest of their lives and
y21HiMoxcu0-00420-00103235-00103384 you write that unless governments and
y21HiMoxcu0-00421-00103385-00103577 institutions act today to deliver the
y21HiMoxcu0-00422-00103578-00103871 youth inclusive recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00423-00103872-00104147 in your opinion what role can you play
y21HiMoxcu0-00424-00104148-00104632 play in this in youth inclusive recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00425-00104633-00104842 thanks Tommy I I actually I found it
y21HiMoxcu0-00426-00104843-00104969 very striking
y21HiMoxcu0-00427-00104970-00105497 um and uh I I love the um this type of
y21HiMoxcu0-00428-00105498-00105827 overview of basically this is what uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00429-00105828-00105947 you know this is what those empowers
y21HiMoxcu0-00430-00105948-00106210 have said this is what they're gonna do
y21HiMoxcu0-00431-00106211-00106354 let's actually look to see if they're
y21HiMoxcu0-00432-00106355-00106528 doing it and this type of policy
y21HiMoxcu0-00433-00106529-00106901 analysis is exactly my advancement
y21HiMoxcu0-00434-00106902-00107266 um I think it's uh I think it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00435-00107267-00107519 it's encouraging of course to see that
y21HiMoxcu0-00436-00107520-00107740 young people are mentioned however I
y21HiMoxcu0-00437-00107741-00107939 wonder if it's just you know we're so
y21HiMoxcu0-00438-00107940-00108136 used to looking at youth policy and
y21HiMoxcu0-00439-00108138-00108334 thinking well if it exists then that's
y21HiMoxcu0-00440-00108335-00108527 great because we're we're so used to
y21HiMoxcu0-00441-00108528-00108701 only getting scraps
y21HiMoxcu0-00442-00108702-00108899 um recognition in the youth sector that
y21HiMoxcu0-00443-00108900-00109049 sometimes we sort of stop there but I
y21HiMoxcu0-00444-00109050-00109295 think that this is precisely the moment
y21HiMoxcu0-00445-00109296-00109528 where we need to be more critical about
y21HiMoxcu0-00446-00109529-00109702 you know what what do all of these words
y21HiMoxcu0-00447-00109703-00109834 really mean
y21HiMoxcu0-00448-00109835-00110093 um I think it's exactly right as Andreas
y21HiMoxcu0-00449-00110094-00110339 mentioned that mental health as a
y21HiMoxcu0-00450-00110340-00110645 thematic focus is a huge gap
y21HiMoxcu0-00451-00110646-00111065 um I think that uh when we look at
y21HiMoxcu0-00452-00111066-00111328 recovery and resilience in general I
y21HiMoxcu0-00453-00111329-00111460 think that
y21HiMoxcu0-00454-00111461-00111683 um mental health broadly speaking when
y21HiMoxcu0-00455-00111683-00111857 we look at at sort of this Health
y21HiMoxcu0-00456-00111858-00112157 Emergency that we have with the pandemic
y21HiMoxcu0-00457-00112158-00112421 it's an aspect that is missing for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00458-00112422-00112607 entire population not only just for
y21HiMoxcu0-00459-00112608-00112883 youth but I think uh in particular too
y21HiMoxcu0-00460-00112883-00112990 when actually thinking about the
y21HiMoxcu0-00461-00112991-00113189 implementation of these policies the
y21HiMoxcu0-00462-00113190-00113452 fact that the youth sector the youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00463-00113453-00113734 work sector in particular is not seen as
y21HiMoxcu0-00464-00113735-00113981 one of the main instruments or vehicles
y21HiMoxcu0-00465-00113982-00114221 through which we are actually going to
y21HiMoxcu0-00466-00114222-00114508 be implementing and carrying out these
y21HiMoxcu0-00467-00114509-00114683 these National plans is extremely
y21HiMoxcu0-00468-00114683-00114857 worrying and I think it's worrying for
y21HiMoxcu0-00469-00114858-00115090 for many reasons it's worrying in part
y21HiMoxcu0-00470-00115091-00115345 because the government's had
y21HiMoxcu0-00471-00115346-00115625 previously mentioned as and had promised
y21HiMoxcu0-00472-00115626-00115895 that you know that recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00473-00115896-00116123 um plans would help to strengthen the
y21HiMoxcu0-00474-00116124-00116302 sector but it's also worrying because to
y21HiMoxcu0-00475-00116303-00116566 meet this ambition of needing to have
y21HiMoxcu0-00476-00116567-00116771 full-scale societal recovery and
y21HiMoxcu0-00477-00116772-00117101 resilience after such a traumatic uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00478-00117102-00117436 event will require all hands on deck and
y21HiMoxcu0-00479-00117438-00117616 to think that the public authorities are
y21HiMoxcu0-00480-00117617-00117808 going to be able to do that solely
y21HiMoxcu0-00481-00117809-00118102 through public provision of services and
y21HiMoxcu0-00482-00118103-00118325 not engaging the largely voluntary
y21HiMoxcu0-00483-00118326-00118516 sector the youth work sector youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00484-00118517-00118708 organizations I think is really
y21HiMoxcu0-00485-00118709-00118895 short-sighted and also not very
y21HiMoxcu0-00486-00118896-00119140 strategic I mean we have limited amounts
y21HiMoxcu0-00487-00119141-00119308 of resources we have limited amounts of
y21HiMoxcu0-00488-00119309-00119578 people and services why not think more
y21HiMoxcu0-00489-00119579-00119747 creatively about it so that's a little
y21HiMoxcu0-00490-00119748-00119963 bit worrying I I'm I'm I'm worried about
y21HiMoxcu0-00491-00119964-00120160 that and I think as well too I'm curious
y21HiMoxcu0-00492-00120161-00120454 maybe Andreas knows insofar as how how
y21HiMoxcu0-00493-00120455-00120760 much were young people also involved in
y21HiMoxcu0-00494-00120761-00120952 you know the kind of creation and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00495-00120953-00121127 design of these plants this is also
y21HiMoxcu0-00496-00121128-00121313 something which we're seeing at the
y21HiMoxcu0-00497-00121314-00121510 moment moment is that in this recovery
y21HiMoxcu0-00498-00121511-00121697 in this emergency mode we're sort of
y21HiMoxcu0-00499-00121698-00122069 bypassing all of the requirements that
y21HiMoxcu0-00500-00122070-00122302 we've put in place to really have the
y21HiMoxcu0-00501-00122303-00122507 participation of young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00502-00122508-00122681 um so
y21HiMoxcu0-00503-00122682-00122897 yes I don't know it's it's a it's a
y21HiMoxcu0-00504-00122898-00123083 quagmire it's a hard place to start what
y21HiMoxcu0-00505-00123083-00123275 can youth work do well what can
y21HiMoxcu0-00506-00123276-00123484 youthwork do when they're not given the
y21HiMoxcu0-00507-00123485-00123665 responsibility to do something so it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00508-00123666-00123973 yeah that's my question
y21HiMoxcu0-00509-00123974-00124277 and on to Andreas Christina sort of
y21HiMoxcu0-00510-00124278-00124528 passed the ball to you to use a football
y21HiMoxcu0-00511-00124529-00124997 metaphor
y21HiMoxcu0-00512-00124998-00125333 um so uh first of all uh regarding the
y21HiMoxcu0-00513-00125333-00125573 question where young people involved so
y21HiMoxcu0-00514-00125574-00125831 technically all member states are
y21HiMoxcu0-00515-00125832-00126016 obliged in the development of these
y21HiMoxcu0-00516-00126017-00126245 plans to run consultation procedures and
y21HiMoxcu0-00517-00126246-00126443 they also have to describe these
y21HiMoxcu0-00518-00126444-00126593 procedures when they submit National
y21HiMoxcu0-00519-00126594-00126707 plans
y21HiMoxcu0-00520-00126708-00127019 but so far those ten that we have looked
y21HiMoxcu0-00521-00127020-00127240 at over the past days the descriptions
y21HiMoxcu0-00522-00127241-00127475 are very generic
y21HiMoxcu0-00523-00127476-00127739 um and we have only been able to
y21HiMoxcu0-00524-00127740-00128086 identify real action numbers for youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00525-00128088-00128297 organizations consulted in one country
y21HiMoxcu0-00526-00128298-00128597 which I'm not going to call out now and
y21HiMoxcu0-00527-00128598-00128777 they had consulted two
y21HiMoxcu0-00528-00128778-00129052 youth organizations and you know granted
y21HiMoxcu0-00529-00129053-00129245 they have to and are obliged to and
y21HiMoxcu0-00530-00129246-00129443 invited to consult a whole range of
y21HiMoxcu0-00531-00129444-00129664 stakeholders and these recovery plans
y21HiMoxcu0-00532-00129665-00129863 are obviously not only about young
y21HiMoxcu0-00533-00129864-00130181 people but young people are one of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00534-00130182-00130408 six pillars so you know they weren't
y21HiMoxcu0-00535-00130409-00130577 more attention and more inclusion and
y21HiMoxcu0-00536-00130578-00130799 more participation than to youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00537-00130800-00130960 organizations
y21HiMoxcu0-00538-00130961-00131123 um about some of the actions that
y21HiMoxcu0-00539-00131124-00131321 concern young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00540-00131322-00131675 um so indeed so far I would say quite a
y21HiMoxcu0-00541-00131676-00132052 big gap between political promise and
y21HiMoxcu0-00542-00132053-00132354 policy reality
y21HiMoxcu0-00543-00132355-00132593 there's a question on Facebook and
y21HiMoxcu0-00544-00132594-00132754 that's to you Andreas where can you
y21HiMoxcu0-00545-00132755-00132935 access National Recovery plans in
y21HiMoxcu0-00546-00132936-00133235 English or can you
y21HiMoxcu0-00547-00133236-00133416 um um
y21HiMoxcu0-00548-00133417-00133757 yes and no so the European commission
y21HiMoxcu0-00549-00133758-00133990 has a website for the recovery facility
y21HiMoxcu0-00550-00133991-00134302 where once they endorse National plans
y21HiMoxcu0-00551-00134303-00134621 they publish
y21HiMoxcu0-00552-00134622-00134969 um a documentation in English that
y21HiMoxcu0-00553-00134970-00135149 describes their assessment of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00554-00135150-00135461 National Recovery plan and as well a
y21HiMoxcu0-00555-00135462-00135640 commission staff working document that's
y21HiMoxcu0-00556-00135641-00135893 quite extensive that describes the plan
y21HiMoxcu0-00557-00135894-00136097 in detail but the plans don't have to be
y21HiMoxcu0-00558-00136098-00136378 submitted in English and those 10 were
y21HiMoxcu0-00559-00136379-00136547 by majority submitted in their national
y21HiMoxcu0-00560-00136548-00136697 language
y21HiMoxcu0-00561-00136698-00136854 um so
y21HiMoxcu0-00562-00136855-00137243 but also these are at least linked to
y21HiMoxcu0-00563-00137244-00137477 from the European commission side the
y21HiMoxcu0-00564-00137478-00137681 original plans and their language so we
y21HiMoxcu0-00565-00137682-00137849 couldn't always Trace The Originals on
y21HiMoxcu0-00566-00137850-00137981 the government website they already
y21HiMoxcu0-00567-00137982-00138095 moved
y21HiMoxcu0-00568-00138096-00138425 but they exist
y21HiMoxcu0-00569-00138426-00138635 there's a question to Christine on
y21HiMoxcu0-00570-00138636-00138821 mentimeter how did you manage to
y21HiMoxcu0-00571-00138822-00139025 identify which of the impact was due to
y21HiMoxcu0-00572-00139026-00139271 the covet pandemic and which one is just
y21HiMoxcu0-00573-00139272-00139535 being part of being young
y21HiMoxcu0-00574-00139536-00139769 uh methodology
y21HiMoxcu0-00575-00139770-00140027 sure with regards to
y21HiMoxcu0-00576-00140028-00140290 um mental health or to to all of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00577-00140291-00140561 impacts I'm assuming I mean essentially
y21HiMoxcu0-00578-00140562-00140813 the the frame of the survey as well as
y21HiMoxcu0-00579-00140814-00141089 the focus groups is really to
y21HiMoxcu0-00580-00141090-00141347 um to focus specifically on the impact
y21HiMoxcu0-00581-00141348-00141616 of the last year and what has sort of
y21HiMoxcu0-00582-00141617-00141887 changed in their um you know their
y21HiMoxcu0-00583-00141888-00142073 particular circumstances and and their
y21HiMoxcu0-00584-00142074-00142313 feelings and perspectives however that
y21HiMoxcu0-00585-00142314-00142547 being said what did come out very
y21HiMoxcu0-00586-00142548-00142840 strongly is that you know it was already
y21HiMoxcu0-00587-00142841-00143069 difficult to find a job can you imagine
y21HiMoxcu0-00588-00143070-00143345 how much more difficult it is now or you
y21HiMoxcu0-00589-00143346-00143519 know we didn't have any Mental Health
y21HiMoxcu0-00590-00143520-00143687 Services for young people in our
y21HiMoxcu0-00591-00143688-00143969 community before the pandemic and yet
y21HiMoxcu0-00592-00143970-00144178 now it seems like young people are
y21HiMoxcu0-00593-00144179-00144551 struggling even more so again it it of
y21HiMoxcu0-00594-00144552-00144845 course is reflective of
y21HiMoxcu0-00595-00144846-00145216 um of the existing circumstances and if
y21HiMoxcu0-00596-00145217-00145409 anything the pandemic really is shown a
y21HiMoxcu0-00597-00145410-00145625 light in terms of how deep those
y21HiMoxcu0-00598-00145626-00145925 cleavages are and uh I think that it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00599-00145926-00146159 it's really accelerated also for a lot
y21HiMoxcu0-00600-00146160-00146357 of young people the fears their worries
y21HiMoxcu0-00601-00146358-00146621 but also the their vulnerability in
y21HiMoxcu0-00602-00146622-00146807 terms of their material circumstances in
y21HiMoxcu0-00603-00146808-00147028 particular for those who were already
y21HiMoxcu0-00604-00147029-00147354 much more vulnerable before
y21HiMoxcu0-00605-00147355-00147563 thank you Christy now I have another
y21HiMoxcu0-00606-00147564-00147766 question for you before that I would
y21HiMoxcu0-00607-00147767-00147935 like to remind you that if you want to
y21HiMoxcu0-00608-00147936-00148097 you can use the multimeter to post
y21HiMoxcu0-00609-00148098-00148397 questions to our experts here
y21HiMoxcu0-00610-00148398-00148607 so Christina uh one of the things that
y21HiMoxcu0-00611-00148608-00148781 hasn't been properly discussed I think
y21HiMoxcu0-00612-00148782-00149099 is is the impact of covid-19 and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00613-00149100-00149363 pandemic on civil society so in your
y21HiMoxcu0-00614-00149364-00149554 opinion since you've studied your
y21HiMoxcu0-00615-00149555-00149711 participation what are the key
y21HiMoxcu0-00616-00149712-00149902 challenges at the moment facing youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00617-00149903-00150185 organizations
y21HiMoxcu0-00618-00150186-00150454 I think one of the key challenges is is
y21HiMoxcu0-00619-00150455-00150647 this digital challenge I mean I think
y21HiMoxcu0-00620-00150648-00150893 that um you know of course in in many
y21HiMoxcu0-00621-00150894-00151277 ways for moving or organizing our
y21HiMoxcu0-00622-00151278-00151487 activism or just you know the way that
y21HiMoxcu0-00623-00151488-00151666 we sort of communicate and hang out with
y21HiMoxcu0-00624-00151667-00151961 each other online has brought a lot of
y21HiMoxcu0-00625-00151962-00152116 opportunities especially within the
y21HiMoxcu0-00626-00152117-00152314 constraints but I think
y21HiMoxcu0-00627-00152315-00152657 um you know Zoom fatigue is real it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00628-00152658-00152897 it's also now
y21HiMoxcu0-00629-00152898-00153089 um because young people themselves are
y21HiMoxcu0-00630-00153090-00153335 also studying online
y21HiMoxcu0-00631-00153336-00153593 um you know there is a sense of this now
y21HiMoxcu0-00632-00153594-00153839 sort of coming full circle at what point
y21HiMoxcu0-00633-00153840-00154039 is the online
y21HiMoxcu0-00634-00154040-00154301 environment also contributing to our
y21HiMoxcu0-00635-00154302-00154559 mental health stress you know and so one
y21HiMoxcu0-00636-00154560-00154787 of the um the recommendations from the
y21HiMoxcu0-00637-00154788-00154997 European Forum in the report is a
y21HiMoxcu0-00638-00154998-00155195 recognition of of maybe this concept of
y21HiMoxcu0-00639-00155196-00155387 the right to disconnect and I think the
y21HiMoxcu0-00640-00155388-00155502 right to disconnect
y21HiMoxcu0-00641-00155503-00155801 relates to our work
y21HiMoxcu0-00642-00155802-00155957 um and how a lot of it has has gone
y21HiMoxcu0-00643-00155958-00156257 online certainly to the level at which
y21HiMoxcu0-00644-00156258-00156526 we're connecting um online for education
y21HiMoxcu0-00645-00156527-00156826 but I think we'll also apply to what we
y21HiMoxcu0-00646-00156827-00157019 use our extrapicular time for and that
y21HiMoxcu0-00647-00157020-00157276 can also include our participation in
y21HiMoxcu0-00648-00157277-00157433 our activism I think that this is a
y21HiMoxcu0-00649-00157434-00157535 challenge
y21HiMoxcu0-00650-00157536-00157781 um because for a lot of young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00651-00157782-00157966 um we just have competing there are
y21HiMoxcu0-00652-00157967-00158081 competing
y21HiMoxcu0-00653-00158082-00158171 um
y21HiMoxcu0-00654-00158172-00158326 um things for our attention and when
y21HiMoxcu0-00655-00158327-00158495 they're all online I think it becomes
y21HiMoxcu0-00656-00158496-00158711 challenging and we have to think
y21HiMoxcu0-00657-00158712-00159083 creatively about how to to use
y21HiMoxcu0-00658-00159084-00159419 um these these tools in a way that also
y21HiMoxcu0-00659-00159420-00159671 um is fruitful but also doesn't start to
y21HiMoxcu0-00660-00159672-00159935 to wane in in its productivity for
y21HiMoxcu0-00661-00159936-00160099 example
y21HiMoxcu0-00662-00160100-00160397 so address we know uh from recent
y21HiMoxcu0-00663-00160398-00160637 program studies that another people our
y21HiMoxcu0-00664-00160638-00160811 friends our peers are really important
y21HiMoxcu0-00665-00160812-00160961 social well-being
y21HiMoxcu0-00666-00160962-00161285 uh in the post-traumatic era and now
y21HiMoxcu0-00667-00161286-00161435 then they are coming out of coveted
y21HiMoxcu0-00668-00161436-00161735 crisis uh in your opinion what would be
y21HiMoxcu0-00669-00161736-00161951 a proper policy response to help you
y21HiMoxcu0-00670-00161952-00162154 sector organization to be able to bless
y21HiMoxcu0-00671-00162155-00162652 them
y21HiMoxcu0-00672-00162653-00162937 um no that's not a small question
y21HiMoxcu0-00673-00162938-00163361 but luckily for for me and us the youth
y21HiMoxcu0-00674-00163362-00163601 sector actually did convene not long ago
y21HiMoxcu0-00675-00163602-00163840 in December last year for a big use for
y21HiMoxcu0-00676-00163841-00164021 convention and actually discussed that
y21HiMoxcu0-00677-00164022-00164273 at length and
y21HiMoxcu0-00678-00164274-00164566 um and part of the bond process and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00679-00164567-00164843 Declaration of um the useful convention
y21HiMoxcu0-00680-00164844-00165161 was exactly the question of what does
y21HiMoxcu0-00681-00165162-00165449 the use sector what does use work
y21HiMoxcu0-00682-00165450-00165814 um a need across Europe to to operate in
y21HiMoxcu0-00683-00165815-00166133 this new normal as as we called it in
y21HiMoxcu0-00684-00166134-00166414 December and and there's a whole range
y21HiMoxcu0-00685-00166415-00166669 of things I mean one is
y21HiMoxcu0-00686-00166670-00166901 very simply and straightforwardly
y21HiMoxcu0-00687-00166902-00167201 support organizations and teams and
y21HiMoxcu0-00688-00167202-00167371 networks
y21HiMoxcu0-00689-00167372-00167645 from the smallest youth club to the
y21HiMoxcu0-00690-00167646-00167897 largest organization in getting
y21HiMoxcu0-00691-00167898-00168161 digitalization right I mean we have seen
y21HiMoxcu0-00692-00168162-00168304 now in the pandemic that we have
y21HiMoxcu0-00693-00168305-00168514 neglected this topic as a field for far
y21HiMoxcu0-00694-00168515-00168821 too long and we need to be able to find
y21HiMoxcu0-00695-00168822-00169085 an authentic educational approach that
y21HiMoxcu0-00696-00169086-00169247 reflects the values of non-formal
y21HiMoxcu0-00697-00169248-00169426 Education also online spaces because
y21HiMoxcu0-00698-00169427-00169595 they're not going to disappear pandemic
y21HiMoxcu0-00699-00169596-00169751 or not
y21HiMoxcu0-00700-00169752-00169925 um and
y21HiMoxcu0-00701-00169926-00170183 um another big aspect I think is that we
y21HiMoxcu0-00702-00170184-00170501 have to start encouraging and finding
y21HiMoxcu0-00703-00170502-00170740 resources mobilizing resources for
y21HiMoxcu0-00704-00170741-00170890 working better together with other
y21HiMoxcu0-00705-00170891-00171154 professions imagine what we would have
y21HiMoxcu0-00706-00171155-00171364 been able to do if we had a closer
y21HiMoxcu0-00707-00171365-00171502 cooperation with mental health
y21HiMoxcu0-00708-00171503-00171749 professionals in those past 15 or 18
y21HiMoxcu0-00709-00171750-00172013 months and that as well is something
y21HiMoxcu0-00710-00172014-00172349 that as a field we have not been
y21HiMoxcu0-00711-00172350-00172649 particularly great at in Europe in the
y21HiMoxcu0-00712-00172650-00172949 past and of course that needs you know
y21HiMoxcu0-00713-00172950-00173123 all of that needs resources it needs
y21HiMoxcu0-00714-00173124-00173452 vocal support that goes beyond words and
y21HiMoxcu0-00715-00173453-00173590 is not just
y21HiMoxcu0-00716-00173591-00173873 um are all pledges but actually pledges
y21HiMoxcu0-00717-00173874-00174190 with a budget and where to walk the talk
y21HiMoxcu0-00718-00174191-00174437 and put the money where your mouth is
y21HiMoxcu0-00719-00174438-00174552 foreign
y21HiMoxcu0-00720-00174553-00174809 Christina do you want to continue from
y21HiMoxcu0-00721-00174810-00174893 there
y21HiMoxcu0-00722-00174894-00175309 sure I think at that point of um more uh
y21HiMoxcu0-00723-00175310-00175619 cross-secural cooperation
y21HiMoxcu0-00724-00175620-00175828 um and and sharing of expertise is a
y21HiMoxcu0-00725-00175829-00175954 really important one which also came up
y21HiMoxcu0-00726-00175955-00176116 in our research
y21HiMoxcu0-00727-00176117-00176297 um we found that by default actually
y21HiMoxcu0-00728-00176298-00176597 some organizations
y21HiMoxcu0-00729-00176598-00176861 um found themselves doing this by
y21HiMoxcu0-00730-00176862-00177197 default and so for example we spoke with
y21HiMoxcu0-00731-00177198-00177419 um some rural youth organizations who
y21HiMoxcu0-00732-00177420-00177593 themselves were not even necessarily
y21HiMoxcu0-00733-00177594-00177713 considering themselves to be
y21HiMoxcu0-00734-00177714-00177916 particularly youth focused but happen to
y21HiMoxcu0-00735-00177917-00178090 have a lot of young people that they
y21HiMoxcu0-00736-00178091-00178409 work with mostly providing
y21HiMoxcu0-00737-00178410-00178690 um you know other types of like social
y21HiMoxcu0-00738-00178691-00178937 activities and other kinds of things but
y21HiMoxcu0-00739-00178938-00179123 then during the pandemic
y21HiMoxcu0-00740-00179124-00179273 um found themselves
y21HiMoxcu0-00741-00179274-00179537 um needing to Grapple with a suicide
y21HiMoxcu0-00742-00179538-00179819 within their their community and so very
y21HiMoxcu0-00743-00179820-00180190 quickly many of uh those
y21HiMoxcu0-00744-00180191-00180371 um people who were working in this rural
y21HiMoxcu0-00745-00180372-00180569 Youth Organization very quickly learned
y21HiMoxcu0-00746-00180570-00180851 about mental health supports and they
y21HiMoxcu0-00747-00180852-00181252 needed to to then call on Experts within
y21HiMoxcu0-00748-00181253-00181528 their communities to to you know do
y21HiMoxcu0-00749-00181529-00181678 workshops that were specifically for
y21HiMoxcu0-00750-00181679-00181925 young people and and do training as well
y21HiMoxcu0-00751-00181926-00182057 for for the people they're working with
y21HiMoxcu0-00752-00182058-00182207 similarly
y21HiMoxcu0-00753-00182208-00182369 um you know because of different
y21HiMoxcu0-00754-00182370-00182681 challenges relating to employment a lot
y21HiMoxcu0-00755-00182682-00182857 of um you know youth organizations
y21HiMoxcu0-00756-00182858-00183202 started to run TV writing workshops you
y21HiMoxcu0-00757-00183203-00183359 know so it was like a thing where it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00758-00183360-00183640 like yeah employability is a youth thing
y21HiMoxcu0-00759-00183641-00183821 sometimes you do that but we normally do
y21HiMoxcu0-00760-00183822-00184085 sports but yet they found okay actually
y21HiMoxcu0-00761-00184086-00184264 but this is this is now just the
y21HiMoxcu0-00762-00184265-00184426 situation we're in and we want to be
y21HiMoxcu0-00763-00184427-00184571 responsive and so they just started to
y21HiMoxcu0-00764-00184572-00184840 do that more often and wanting to look
y21HiMoxcu0-00765-00184841-00185051 um towards their local employment
y21HiMoxcu0-00766-00185052-00185225 services and other Professionals in the
y21HiMoxcu0-00767-00185226-00185387 community so I think if there was a way
y21HiMoxcu0-00768-00185388-00185711 in which we could facilitate these inter
y21HiMoxcu0-00769-00185712-00185951 linkages more I think is is better
y21HiMoxcu0-00770-00185952-00186178 because basically you know this is this
y21HiMoxcu0-00771-00186179-00186304 is where young people are these are the
y21HiMoxcu0-00772-00186305-00186443 the groups that they're a part of the
y21HiMoxcu0-00773-00186444-00186647 organizations that they come to and I
y21HiMoxcu0-00774-00186648-00186838 think the more multi-dimensional and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00775-00186839-00187007 more Dynamic we can make them in terms
y21HiMoxcu0-00776-00187008-00187252 of of the ways in which they can support
y21HiMoxcu0-00777-00187253-00187666 young people I think is is only better
y21HiMoxcu0-00778-00187667-00187883 I understand about the third European
y21HiMoxcu0-00779-00187884-00188111 youth convention and the pump process
y21HiMoxcu0-00780-00188112-00188435 one of the key concepts of that uh that
y21HiMoxcu0-00781-00188436-00188638 convention was community of practice of
y21HiMoxcu0-00782-00188639-00188951 your Ferg and they had this idea that we
y21HiMoxcu0-00783-00188952-00189166 are a community of practice a European
y21HiMoxcu0-00784-00189167-00189352 youth community
y21HiMoxcu0-00785-00189353-00189611 and now when we are we are coming out of
y21HiMoxcu0-00786-00189612-00189988 a covet 90 crisis what would be your
y21HiMoxcu0-00787-00189989-00190199 what would be your ideas about what sort
y21HiMoxcu0-00788-00190200-00190349 of support we need from European
y21HiMoxcu0-00789-00190350-00190523 institutions
y21HiMoxcu0-00790-00190524-00190823 how could they help you refer to build a
y21HiMoxcu0-00791-00190824-00191338 job
y21HiMoxcu0-00792-00191339-00191602 that's a question for both of you ah
y21HiMoxcu0-00793-00191603-00191993 okay yes you want to go ahead sir no I I
y21HiMoxcu0-00794-00191994-00192197 would be pleased to hear um what you
y21HiMoxcu0-00795-00192198-00192581 think Andreas okay perfect okay sure
y21HiMoxcu0-00796-00192582-00192725 um so I think
y21HiMoxcu0-00797-00192726-00193025 um you know what one one structural
y21HiMoxcu0-00798-00193026-00193240 dilemma that the youth sector has across
y21HiMoxcu0-00799-00193241-00193535 Europe most countries is that um it
y21HiMoxcu0-00800-00193536-00193781 basically depends on Project funding and
y21HiMoxcu0-00801-00193782-00194195 how hardly how hard that backfires
y21HiMoxcu0-00802-00194196-00194416 um at a time when each project is
y21HiMoxcu0-00803-00194417-00194681 grinding to a hold unwillingly we have
y21HiMoxcu0-00804-00194682-00194873 now seen in the past 15 months and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00805-00194874-00195088 economic impact that that has had and
y21HiMoxcu0-00806-00195089-00195521 what I would wish for this community is
y21HiMoxcu0-00807-00195522-00195743 um that European institutions as well as
y21HiMoxcu0-00808-00195744-00196001 National institutions walk away from
y21HiMoxcu0-00809-00196002-00196402 this excessive focus on Project only
y21HiMoxcu0-00810-00196403-00196804 funding and give structures and teams
y21HiMoxcu0-00811-00196805-00197002 however formal or informally they are
y21HiMoxcu0-00812-00197003-00197243 organized across Europe some structural
y21HiMoxcu0-00813-00197244-00197404 funding that allows them them to cover
y21HiMoxcu0-00814-00197405-00197609 their Basics their bookkeeping their
y21HiMoxcu0-00815-00197610-00197788 Administration their equipment it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00816-00197789-00198047 really not hard to do it's barely
y21HiMoxcu0-00817-00198048-00198335 registers in the last corner of a
y21HiMoxcu0-00818-00198336-00198538 national European budget the money that
y21HiMoxcu0-00819-00198539-00198766 our sector would need for that but we
y21HiMoxcu0-00820-00198767-00199007 always have to hide that in Project
y21HiMoxcu0-00821-00199008-00199259 budget and it's tiring for everyone and
y21HiMoxcu0-00822-00199260-00199414 everyone has been talking about this for
y21HiMoxcu0-00823-00199415-00199666 two decades now and we have never done
y21HiMoxcu0-00824-00199667-00200021 it and now would be the time to do that
y21HiMoxcu0-00825-00200022-00200381 and finally write that massive wrong
y21HiMoxcu0-00826-00200382-00200590 that's been haunting us for more than
y21HiMoxcu0-00827-00200591-00200790 two decades
y21HiMoxcu0-00828-00200791-00201095 what about you Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00829-00201096-00201250 I mean I appreciate it I don't think
y21HiMoxcu0-00830-00201251-00201466 that I have I have much more
y21HiMoxcu0-00831-00201467-00201749 um
y21HiMoxcu0-00832-00201750-00202013 that resourcing is a huge challenge I
y21HiMoxcu0-00833-00202014-00202211 think that on the individual level
y21HiMoxcu0-00834-00202212-00202499 um you know we see from your uh your
y21HiMoxcu0-00835-00202500-00202709 report International uh and the survey
y21HiMoxcu0-00836-00202710-00202931 with with youth workers is that you know
y21HiMoxcu0-00837-00202932-00203369 because of how precarious their jobs are
y21HiMoxcu0-00838-00203370-00203483 um you know many of them have to
y21HiMoxcu0-00839-00203484-00203783 consider leaving and I think that the
y21HiMoxcu0-00840-00203784-00203993 retention of Youth workers and and the
y21HiMoxcu0-00841-00203994-00204299 fact that their jobs don't have a lot of
y21HiMoxcu0-00842-00204300-00204497 stability because organizations don't
y21HiMoxcu0-00843-00204498-00204719 have a less ability because funding has
y21HiMoxcu0-00844-00204720-00205042 no stability I mean is a huge danger for
y21HiMoxcu0-00845-00205044-00205282 the sector when you have uh you know a
y21HiMoxcu0-00846-00205283-00205432 professionalized group that you can't
y21HiMoxcu0-00847-00205433-00205769 retain and I think that this um this is
y21HiMoxcu0-00848-00205769-00205966 a huge Challenge and and definitely
y21HiMoxcu0-00849-00205967-00206212 probably at the root cause of of a
y21HiMoxcu0-00850-00206213-00206369 challenge uh our challenges in the
y21HiMoxcu0-00851-00206369-00206527 sector
y21HiMoxcu0-00852-00206528-00206831 I thank you both of you we are
y21HiMoxcu0-00853-00206832-00207058 rapidly approaching the end of our
y21HiMoxcu0-00854-00207059-00207184 discussion
y21HiMoxcu0-00855-00207185-00207425 there's a lot of room for criticism here
y21HiMoxcu0-00856-00207426-00207605 but in New York we have to use the
y21HiMoxcu0-00857-00207606-00207773 language of Hope as well
y21HiMoxcu0-00858-00207773-00208084 so uh we want to give shortly your final
y21HiMoxcu0-00859-00208085-00208264 comments on
y21HiMoxcu0-00860-00208265-00208475 on his favorite reason to be hopeful or
y21HiMoxcu0-00861-00208476-00208708 do you see clincess of Hope in for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00862-00208709-00208907 young people in Europe or for real fair
y21HiMoxcu0-00863-00208908-00209548 in Europe and please be rather short
y21HiMoxcu0-00864-00209550-00209932 and if after you this time
y21HiMoxcu0-00865-00209933-00210131 okay
y21HiMoxcu0-00866-00210132-00210227 um
y21HiMoxcu0-00867-00210228-00210637 hope okay I mean you know I think
y21HiMoxcu0-00868-00210638-00210791 2008
y21HiMoxcu0-00869-00210792-00211091 you know economic crisis battered young
y21HiMoxcu0-00870-00211092-00211265 people and it's the same generation of
y21HiMoxcu0-00871-00211266-00211505 young people who are also being gathered
y21HiMoxcu0-00872-00211506-00211739 now I mean I I think I think that that
y21HiMoxcu0-00873-00211740-00211960 it's it's a continual challenge
y21HiMoxcu0-00874-00211961-00212117 um you know so 2008 battered them
y21HiMoxcu0-00875-00212117-00212453 hopefully 2019 will radicalize them but
y21HiMoxcu0-00876-00212454-00212705 again radicalize can go in so many
y21HiMoxcu0-00877-00212706-00212813 directions
y21HiMoxcu0-00878-00212814-00213106 and if anything I just I hope that the
y21HiMoxcu0-00879-00213107-00213305 frustration
y21HiMoxcu0-00880-00213306-00213587 um and the the essentially the despair
y21HiMoxcu0-00881-00213588-00213865 that we're feeling right now will only
y21HiMoxcu0-00882-00213866-00214115 help us to
y21HiMoxcu0-00883-00214116-00214294 create something productive from it I
y21HiMoxcu0-00884-00214296-00214451 mean either that means a
y21HiMoxcu0-00885-00214452-00214625 re-politicization of youth work that
y21HiMoxcu0-00886-00214626-00214901 needs more activism that means more
y21HiMoxcu0-00887-00214902-00215242 outward anger towards those in power who
y21HiMoxcu0-00888-00215244-00215465 refuse to do things um you know that
y21HiMoxcu0-00889-00215466-00215621 means hopefully more honest
y21HiMoxcu0-00890-00215621-00215873 conversations so unfortunately I mean I
y21HiMoxcu0-00891-00215873-00215975 think that that's the best that we can
y21HiMoxcu0-00892-00215976-00216142 hope for I do have to say though that it
y21HiMoxcu0-00893-00216144-00216365 was very hopeful uh on andreas's slide
y21HiMoxcu0-00894-00216366-00216491 about
y21HiMoxcu0-00895-00216492-00216839 um the degree to which youth work had
y21HiMoxcu0-00896-00216840-00217163 contributed to well-being outcomes for
y21HiMoxcu0-00897-00217164-00217306 young people I think that's extremely
y21HiMoxcu0-00898-00217307-00217510 important I think the fact that young
y21HiMoxcu0-00899-00217511-00217673 people engage in this work that
y21HiMoxcu0-00900-00217673-00217927 organizations exist for young people
y21HiMoxcu0-00901-00217928-00218248 have a mental health impact which we are
y21HiMoxcu0-00902-00218250-00218579 not which we are are under appreciating
y21HiMoxcu0-00903-00218580-00218729 um the fact that we help to connect
y21HiMoxcu0-00904-00218730-00218969 young people I think that that is itself
y21HiMoxcu0-00905-00218969-00219155 of public and Mental Health Service and
y21HiMoxcu0-00906-00219156-00219329 I think that that we should also
y21HiMoxcu0-00907-00219330-00219971 concentrate
y21HiMoxcu0-00908-00219971-00220277 yeah for me very much the same
y21HiMoxcu0-00909-00220278-00220523 um to see in our work and in the case
y21HiMoxcu0-00910-00220523-00220660 studies that we are currently conducting
y21HiMoxcu0-00911-00220661-00220871 across Europe how much youthwork has
y21HiMoxcu0-00912-00220871-00220996 been able to contribute under
y21HiMoxcu0-00913-00220998-00221225 detrimental conditions really gives me
y21HiMoxcu0-00914-00221226-00221471 hope and makes me
y21HiMoxcu0-00915-00221471-00221710 um uh makes me hopeful and optimistic
y21HiMoxcu0-00916-00221711-00222029 and then another Beacon of Hope for me
y21HiMoxcu0-00917-00222030-00222460 is how much there is at the moment
y21HiMoxcu0-00918-00222461-00222784 Street activism and policy activism
y21HiMoxcu0-00919-00222785-00222979 around the question of climate change
y21HiMoxcu0-00920-00222980-00223337 and how much that youth movement and
y21HiMoxcu0-00921-00223338-00223541 youth driven movement is currently
y21HiMoxcu0-00922-00223542-00223756 trying to bridge the gap between young
y21HiMoxcu0-00923-00223757-00223991 people and politics by running for
y21HiMoxcu0-00924-00223992-00224098 Parliament
y21HiMoxcu0-00925-00224100-00224446 uh and and political positions from the
y21HiMoxcu0-00926-00224448-00224729 very local to National and and I'm sure
y21HiMoxcu0-00927-00224730-00224992 uh in in soon in the future also for the
y21HiMoxcu0-00928-00224994-00225244 European Parliament and it's um
y21HiMoxcu0-00929-00225246-00225377 something that we've been worrying about
y21HiMoxcu0-00930-00225378-00225665 in the research Community as we as the
y21HiMoxcu0-00931-00225666-00225875 three of us certainly know uh for a long
y21HiMoxcu0-00932-00225876-00226177 time is whether or not that kind of
y21HiMoxcu0-00933-00226178-00226523 movement whatever uh Bridge um into
y21HiMoxcu0-00934-00226523-00226721 politics and policy making and I'm very
y21HiMoxcu0-00935-00226721-00227213 happy to to see that uh coming
y21HiMoxcu0-00936-00227214-00227381 thank you Andres thank you Christina
y21HiMoxcu0-00937-00227382-00227560 thanks for everyone at the audience it's
y21HiMoxcu0-00938-00227561-00227746 great to have you here
y21HiMoxcu0-00939-00227748-00227927 this was the first three you'll face
y21HiMoxcu0-00940-00227928-00228094 search dialogue and they are planning to
y21HiMoxcu0-00941-00228096-00228323 do more in the year still and most
y21HiMoxcu0-00942-00228323-00228581 probably we will continue with the next
y21HiMoxcu0-00943-00228582-00228767 one in the Autumn and we welcome all of
y21HiMoxcu0-00944-00228767-00228971 you to join us again
y21HiMoxcu0-00945-00228971-00229205 we hope to see you on board check out
y21HiMoxcu0-00946-00229206-00229396 the ray website and the social media
y21HiMoxcu0-00947-00229398-00229660 media Pages for updates and before we do
y21HiMoxcu0-00948-00229661-00229967 the next dialogue I wish all of you a
y21HiMoxcu0-00949-00229967-00230206 sunny eventful and safe summer thank you
y21HiMoxcu0-00950-00230207-00230585 for joining us
y21HiMoxcu0-00951-00230586-00231289 [Music]
y21HiMoxcu0-00952-00231290-00231651 thank you foreign
y21HiMoxcu0-00953-00231652-00232161 [Music]
y2DSBHE9vhc-00000-00000053-00000310 witchcraft her witchery broadly means
y2DSBHE9vhc-00001-00000311-00000526 the practice of and belief in magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00002-00000527-00000745 skills and abilities exercised by
y2DSBHE9vhc-00003-00000746-00001008 solitary practitioners and groups
y2DSBHE9vhc-00004-00001009-00001266 witchcraft as a broad term that varies
y2DSBHE9vhc-00005-00001267-00001507 culturally and societally and thus can
y2DSBHE9vhc-00006-00001508-00001696 be difficult to define with precision
y2DSBHE9vhc-00007-00001697-00001939 and cross-cultural assumptions about the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00008-00001939-00002125 meaning or significance of the term
y2DSBHE9vhc-00009-00002126-00002301 should be applied with caution
y2DSBHE9vhc-00010-00002302-00002617 witchcraft often occupies a religious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00011-00002618-00002842 divinatory or medicinal role and is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00012-00002843-00003055 often present within societies and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00013-00003056-00003288 groups whose cultural framework includes
y2DSBHE9vhc-00014-00003289-00003943 a magical worldview
y2DSBHE9vhc-00015-00003944-00004458 topic concept
y2DSBHE9vhc-00016-00004459-00004716 the concept of witchcraft and the belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-00017-00004717-00004911 in its existence have persisted
y2DSBHE9vhc-00018-00004912-00005181 throughout recorded history they have
y2DSBHE9vhc-00019-00005182-00005418 been present or central at various times
y2DSBHE9vhc-00020-00005419-00005676 and in many diverse forms among cultures
y2DSBHE9vhc-00021-00005677-00005912 and religions worldwide including both
y2DSBHE9vhc-00022-00005913-00006354 primitive and highly advanced cultures
y2DSBHE9vhc-00023-00006355-00006573 and continue to have an important role
y2DSBHE9vhc-00024-00006573-00006845 in many cultures today historically the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00025-00006847-00007073 predominant concept of witchcraft in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00026-00007075-00007317 Western world derives from Old Testament
y2DSBHE9vhc-00027-00007318-00007533 laws against witchcraft and entered the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00028-00007534-00007709 mainstream when belief in witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00029-00007711-00007934 gained church approval in the early
y2DSBHE9vhc-00030-00007936-00008274 modern period it posits a Theosophical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00031-00008275-00008457 conflict between good and evil
y2DSBHE9vhc-00032-00008458-00008688 where witchcraft was generally evil and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00033-00008689-00008883 often associated with the devil and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00034-00008884-00009180 devil worship this culminated in deaths
y2DSBHE9vhc-00035-00009181-00009429 torture and scapegoating casting blame
y2DSBHE9vhc-00036-00009430-00009678 for human misfortune and many years of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00037-00009679-00009918 large-scale witch trials and witch hunts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00038-00009919-00010140 especially in Protestant Europe before
y2DSBHE9vhc-00039-00010141-00010383 largely ceasing during the European Age
y2DSBHE9vhc-00040-00010384-00010680 of Enlightenment Christian views in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00041-00010681-00010890 modern day are diverse and cover the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00042-00010891-00011102 gamut of views from intense belief and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00043-00011103-00011319 opposition especially from Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-00044-00011320-00011549 fundamentalists to non belief and in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00045-00011550-00011846 some churches even approval from the mid
y2DSBHE9vhc-00046-00011847-00012146 20th century witchcraft sometimes called
y2DSBHE9vhc-00047-00012147-00012351 contemporary witchcraft to clearly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00048-00012352-00012591 distinguish it from older beliefs became
y2DSBHE9vhc-00049-00012592-00012805 the name of a branch of modern paganism
y2DSBHE9vhc-00050-00012806-00013101 it is most notably practiced in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00051-00013102-00013316 Wiccan and modern witchcraft traditions
y2DSBHE9vhc-00052-00013318-00013578 and no longer practices in secrecy the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00053-00013579-00013791 Western mainstream Christian view as far
y2DSBHE9vhc-00054-00013791-00014055 from the only societal perspective about
y2DSBHE9vhc-00055-00014056-00014313 witchcraft many cultures worldwide
y2DSBHE9vhc-00056-00014313-00014568 continue to have widespread practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-00057-00014569-00014769 and cultural beliefs that are loosely
y2DSBHE9vhc-00058-00014769-00015053 translated into English as witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00059-00015054-00015360 although the English translation masks a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00060-00015361-00015569 very great diversity in their forms
y2DSBHE9vhc-00061-00015570-00015858 magical beliefs practices and place in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00062-00015859-00016122 their societies during the age of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00063-00016122-00016368 colonialism many cultures across the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00064-00016369-00016596 globe were exposed to the modern Western
y2DSBHE9vhc-00065-00016597-00016830 world via colonialism usually
y2DSBHE9vhc-00066-00016831-00017016 accompanied and often preceded by
y2DSBHE9vhc-00067-00017017-00017264 intensive Christian missionary activity
y2DSBHE9vhc-00068-00017265-00017664 see Christianisation beliefs related to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00069-00017665-00017841 witchcraft and magic in these
y2DSBHE9vhc-00070-00017842-00018060 cultures were at times influenced by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00071-00018061-00018396 prevailing Western concepts witch hunts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00072-00018397-00018621 scapegoating and killing or shunning of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00073-00018622-00018837 suspected witches still occurs in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00074-00018838-00019065 modern era with killings both of victims
y2DSBHE9vhc-00075-00019066-00019308 for their supposedly magical body parts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00076-00019309-00019467 and have suspected witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00077-00019468-00019788 practitioners suspicions of modern
y2DSBHE9vhc-00078-00019789-00020001 medicine due to beliefs about illness
y2DSBHE9vhc-00079-00020002-00020259 being due to witchcraft also continues
y2DSBHE9vhc-00080-00020260-00020460 in many countries to this day with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00081-00020461-00020844 tragic health care consequences hiv/aids
y2DSBHE9vhc-00082-00020845-00021129 and Ebola virus disease are two examples
y2DSBHE9vhc-00083-00021130-00021330 of often lethal infectious disease
y2DSBHE9vhc-00084-00021331-00021534 epidemics whose medical care and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00085-00021535-00021747 containment has been severely hampered
y2DSBHE9vhc-00086-00021748-00022019 by regional beliefs in witchcraft other
y2DSBHE9vhc-00087-00022020-00022239 severe medical conditions whose
y2DSBHE9vhc-00088-00022240-00022403 treatment is hampered in this way
y2DSBHE9vhc-00089-00022404-00022716 include tuberculosis leprosy epilepsy
y2DSBHE9vhc-00090-00022717-00022959 and the common severe bacterial brouilly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00091-00022960-00023274 ulcer public health care often requires
y2DSBHE9vhc-00092-00023275-00023537 considerable education work related to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00093-00023538-00023780 epidemiology and modern health knowledge
y2DSBHE9vhc-00094-00023781-00024000 in many parts of the world where belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-00095-00024001-00024225 in witchcraft prevails to encourage
y2DSBHE9vhc-00096-00024226-00024434 effective preventive health measures and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00097-00024435-00024639 treatments to reduce victim blaming
y2DSBHE9vhc-00098-00024640-00024864 shunning and stigmatization and to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00099-00024865-00025022 prevent the killing of people and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00100-00025023-00025250 endangering of animals species for body
y2DSBHE9vhc-00101-00025251-00025458 parts believed to convey magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00102-00025459-00026025 abilities
y2DSBHE9vhc-00103-00026026-00026687 topic etymology and definitions
y2DSBHE9vhc-00104-00026688-00026967 the word which is of uncertain origin
y2DSBHE9vhc-00105-00026968-00027198 there are numerous etymologies that it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00106-00027199-00027480 could be derived from one popular belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-00107-00027481-00027732 is that it is related to the English
y2DSBHE9vhc-00108-00027733-00028043 words wit wise wisdom Germanic root
y2DSBHE9vhc-00109-00028044-00028335 asterisk white asterisk weight asterisk
y2DSBHE9vhc-00110-00028336-00028632 wit indo-european root asterisk weed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00111-00028633-00029223 asterisk woid asterisk wid so craft of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00112-00029224-00029505 the wise another as from the old english
y2DSBHE9vhc-00113-00029506-00029774 whisk raped a compound of which she
y2DSBHE9vhc-00114-00029775-00030224 which and craved craft in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00115-00030225-00030512 anthropological terminology which is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00116-00030513-00030708 differ from sorcerers in that they don't
y2DSBHE9vhc-00117-00030708-00030960 use physical tools or actions to curse
y2DSBHE9vhc-00118-00030961-00031179 their maleficium is perceived as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00119-00031180-00031383 extending from some intangible inner
y2DSBHE9vhc-00120-00031383-00031599 quality and one may be unaware of being
y2DSBHE9vhc-00121-00031600-00031817 a witch or may have been convinced of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00122-00031818-00032015 his/her nature by the suggestion of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00123-00032016-00032333 others this definition was pioneered in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00124-00032334-00032558 a study of central african magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00125-00032559-00032792 beliefs by EE Evans Pritchard who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00126-00032793-00032985 cautioned that it might not correspond
y2DSBHE9vhc-00127-00032986-00033251 with normal English usage historians of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00128-00033252-00033452 European witchcraft have found the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00129-00033453-00033686 anthropological definition difficult to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00130-00033687-00033896 apply to European witchcraft where
y2DSBHE9vhc-00131-00033897-00034130 witches could equally use or be accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-00132-00034131-00034368 of using physical techniques as well as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00133-00034369-00034551 some who really had attempted to cause
y2DSBHE9vhc-00134-00034552-00034830 harm by thought alone European
y2DSBHE9vhc-00135-00034831-00035067 witchcraft is seen by historians and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00136-00035068-00035310 anthropologists as an ideology for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00137-00035311-00035526 explaining misfortune however this
y2DSBHE9vhc-00138-00035527-00035789 ideology has manifested in diverse ways
y2DSBHE9vhc-00139-00035790-00036442 as described below
y2DSBHE9vhc-00140-00036443-00037276 topic overview
y2DSBHE9vhc-00141-00037277-00037851 topic alleged practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-00142-00037852-00038111 historically the witchcraft label has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00143-00038112-00038336 been applied to practices people believe
y2DSBHE9vhc-00144-00038337-00038611 influence the mind body or property of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00145-00038612-00038882 others against their will or practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-00146-00038883-00039055 that the person doing the labeling
y2DSBHE9vhc-00147-00039056-00039292 believes undermines social or religious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00148-00039293-00039607 order some modern commentators believe
y2DSBHE9vhc-00149-00039608-00039820 the mail fitna of witchcraft as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00150-00039821-00040126 Christian projection the concept of a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00151-00040127-00040327 magic worker influencing another
y2DSBHE9vhc-00152-00040328-00040561 person's body or property against their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00153-00040562-00040748 will was clearly present in many
y2DSBHE9vhc-00154-00040749-00040979 cultures as traditions in both folk
y2DSBHE9vhc-00155-00040980-00041195 magic and religious magic have the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00156-00041196-00041423 purpose of countering malicious magic or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00157-00041424-00041761 identifying malicious magic users many
y2DSBHE9vhc-00158-00041762-00042046 examples appear in early texts such as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00159-00042047-00042315 those from ancient Egypt and Babylonia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00160-00042316-00042568 malicious magic users can become a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00161-00042569-00042817 credible cause for disease sickness and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00162-00042818-00042952 animals bad luck
y2DSBHE9vhc-00163-00042953-00043165 sudden death impotence and other such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00164-00043166-00043480 misfortunes witchcraft of a more benign
y2DSBHE9vhc-00165-00043481-00043736 and socially acceptable sort may then be
y2DSBHE9vhc-00166-00043737-00043945 employed to turn the malevolence aside
y2DSBHE9vhc-00167-00043946-00044221 or identify the supposed evildoer so
y2DSBHE9vhc-00168-00044222-00044498 that punishment may be carried out the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00169-00044499-00044758 folk magic used to identify or protect
y2DSBHE9vhc-00170-00044759-00045005 against malicious magic users is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-00171-00045006-00045211 indistinguishable from that used by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00172-00045212-00045557 witches themselves it is argued here
y2DSBHE9vhc-00173-00045558-00045692 that the medical arts played a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00174-00045693-00045929 significant and sometimes pivotal role
y2DSBHE9vhc-00175-00045930-00046189 in the witchcraft controversies of 17th
y2DSBHE9vhc-00176-00046190-00046477 century New England not only were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00177-00046478-00046699 physicians and surgeons the principal
y2DSBHE9vhc-00178-00046700-00046904 professional arbiters for determining
y2DSBHE9vhc-00179-00046905-00047161 natural versus preternatural signs and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00180-00047162-00047405 symptoms of disease they occupied key
y2DSBHE9vhc-00181-00047406-00047648 legislative judicial and ministerial
y2DSBHE9vhc-00182-00047649-00047946 roles relating to witchcraft proceedings
y2DSBHE9vhc-00183-00047947-00048238 46 male physicians surgeons and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00184-00048239-00048436 apothecaries are named in court
y2DSBHE9vhc-00185-00048437-00048673 transcripts or other contemporary source
y2DSBHE9vhc-00186-00048674-00048844 materials relating to New England
y2DSBHE9vhc-00187-00048845-00049186 witchcraft these practitioners served on
y2DSBHE9vhc-00188-00049187-00049420 coroner's inquests performed autopsies
y2DSBHE9vhc-00189-00049421-00049693 took testimony issued writs wrote
y2DSBHE9vhc-00190-00049694-00049927 letters or committed people to prison in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00191-00049928-00050107 addition to diagnosing and treating
y2DSBHE9vhc-00192-00050108-00050461 patients some practitioners are simply
y2DSBHE9vhc-00193-00050462-00050676 mentioned in passing
y2DSBHE9vhc-00194-00050677-00050940 there has also existed in popular belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-00195-00050941-00051158 the concept of white witches and white
y2DSBHE9vhc-00196-00051159-00051398 witchcraft which is strictly benevolent
y2DSBHE9vhc-00197-00051399-00051750 many neo-pagan witches strongly identify
y2DSBHE9vhc-00198-00051751-00051977 with this concept and profess ethical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00199-00051978-00052185 codes that prevent them from performing
y2DSBHE9vhc-00200-00052186-00052441 magic on a person without their request
y2DSBHE9vhc-00201-00052442-00052701 where belief in malicious magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00202-00052702-00052971 practices exists such practitioners are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00203-00052972-00053175 typically forbidden by law as well as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00204-00053176-00053429 hated and feared by the general populace
y2DSBHE9vhc-00205-00053430-00053691 while beneficial magic is tolerated or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00206-00053691-00053907 even accepted wholesale by the people
y2DSBHE9vhc-00207-00053908-00054119 even if the orthodox establishment
y2DSBHE9vhc-00208-00054120-00054645 opposes it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00209-00054646-00055161 topic spell-casting
y2DSBHE9vhc-00210-00055162-00055379 probably the most widely known
y2DSBHE9vhc-00211-00055379-00055578 characteristic of a witch was the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00212-00055579-00055890 ability to cast a spell spell being the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00213-00055891-00056127 word used to signify the means employed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00214-00056128-00056451 to carry out a magical action a spell
y2DSBHE9vhc-00215-00056452-00056652 could consist of a set of words a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00216-00056653-00056930 formula or verse or a ritual action or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00217-00056932-00057219 any combination of these spells
y2DSBHE9vhc-00218-00057220-00057467 traditionally were cast by many methods
y2DSBHE9vhc-00219-00057469-00057704 such as by the inscription of runes or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00220-00057705-00057948 sigils on an object to give it magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00221-00057949-00058188 powers by the immolation or binding of a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00222-00058189-00058464 wax or clay image poppet of a person to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00223-00058465-00058662 effect him or her magically by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00224-00058663-00058884 recitation of incantations by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00225-00058885-00059115 performance of physical rituals by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00226-00059116-00059361 employment of magical herbs as amulets
y2DSBHE9vhc-00227-00059362-00059640 or potions by gazing at mirrors swords
y2DSBHE9vhc-00228-00059641-00059907 or other specula scrying for purposes of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00229-00059908-00060612 divination and by many other means
y2DSBHE9vhc-00230-00060613-00061250 topic necromancy conjuring the dead
y2DSBHE9vhc-00231-00061251-00061604 strictly speaking necromancy is the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00232-00061604-00061819 practice of conjuring the spirits of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00233-00061820-00062066 dead for divination or prophecy although
y2DSBHE9vhc-00234-00062066-00062266 the term has also been applied to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00235-00062267-00062554 raising the dead for other purposes the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00236-00062555-00062774 biblical Witch of Endor performed it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00237-00062775-00063031 once am 28 and it is among the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00238-00063032-00063250 witchcraft practices condemned by I'll
y2DSBHE9vhc-00239-00063251-00063466 freak of Ames him witches still go to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00240-00063467-00063710 crossroads and to heathen burials with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00241-00063711-00063907 their delusive magic and call to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00242-00063908-00064069 devil and he comes to them in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00243-00064070-00064250 likeness of the man that is buried there
y2DSBHE9vhc-00244-00064251-00064901 as if he arise from death
y2DSBHE9vhc-00245-00064902-00065383 topic demonology
y2DSBHE9vhc-00246-00065384-00065707 in Christianity and Islam sorcery came
y2DSBHE9vhc-00247-00065708-00065908 to be associated with heresy and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00248-00065909-00066220 apostasy and to be viewed as evil among
y2DSBHE9vhc-00249-00066221-00066463 the Catholics Protestants and secular
y2DSBHE9vhc-00250-00066464-00066694 leadership of the European late medieval
y2DSBHE9vhc-00251-00066695-00066910 early modern period fears about
y2DSBHE9vhc-00252-00066911-00067126 witchcraft rose to fever-pitch and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00253-00067127-00067374 sometimes led to large-scale witch hunts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00254-00067375-00067717 the key century was the 15th which saw a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00255-00067718-00067960 dramatic rise in awareness and terror of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00256-00067961-00068140 witchcraft culminating in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00257-00068141-00068304 publication of the malleus Maleficarum
y2DSBHE9vhc-00258-00068305-00068635 but prepared by such fanatical popular
y2DSBHE9vhc-00259-00068636-00068850 preachers as bernardino of siena
y2DSBHE9vhc-00260-00068851-00069126 throughout this time it was increasingly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00261-00069127-00069351 believed that christianity was engaged
y2DSBHE9vhc-00262-00069352-00069571 in an apocalyptic battle against the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00263-00069572-00069807 devil and his secret army of witches who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00264-00069808-00070096 had entered into a diabolical pact in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00265-00070097-00070348 total tens or hundreds of thousands of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00266-00070349-00070557 people were executed and others were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00267-00070558-00070792 imprisoned tortured banished and had
y2DSBHE9vhc-00268-00070793-00071086 lands and possessions confiscated the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00269-00071087-00071311 majority of those accused were women
y2DSBHE9vhc-00270-00071312-00071526 though in some regions the majority were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00271-00071527-00071836 men in early modern Scots the word
y2DSBHE9vhc-00272-00071837-00072043 warlock came to be used as the male
y2DSBHE9vhc-00273-00072044-00072250 equivalent of witch which can be male or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00274-00072251-00072502 female but is used predominantly for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00275-00072503-00072805 females from this use the word passed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00276-00072806-00073039 into romantic literature and ultimately
y2DSBHE9vhc-00277-00073040-00073429 20th century popular culture accusations
y2DSBHE9vhc-00278-00073430-00073648 of witchcraft were often combined with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00279-00073649-00073876 other charges of heresy against such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00280-00073877-00074139 groups as the Cathars and Waldensians
y2DSBHE9vhc-00281-00074140-00074527 the malleus Maleficarum Latin for hammer
y2DSBHE9vhc-00282-00074528-00074782 of the witches was a witch hunting
y2DSBHE9vhc-00283-00074783-00075097 manual written in 1486 by two German
y2DSBHE9vhc-00284-00075098-00075367 monks Heinrich Kramer and Jakob Springer
y2DSBHE9vhc-00285-00075368-00075649 it was used by both Catholics and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00286-00075650-00075850 Protestants for several hundred years
y2DSBHE9vhc-00287-00075851-00076114 outlining how to identify a witch what
y2DSBHE9vhc-00288-00076115-00076344 makes a woman more likely than a man to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00289-00076345-00076555 be a witch how to put a witch on trial
y2DSBHE9vhc-00290-00076556-00076717 and how to punish a witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-00291-00076718-00076993 the book defines a witch as evil and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00292-00076994-00077242 typically female the book became the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00293-00077243-00077440 handbook for secular courts throughout
y2DSBHE9vhc-00294-00077441-00077676 Renaissance Europe but was not used by
y2DSBHE9vhc-00295-00077677-00077881 the Inquisition which even cautioned
y2DSBHE9vhc-00296-00077882-00078067 against relying on the work and was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00297-00078068-00078235 later officially condemned by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00298-00078236-00078565 Catholic Church in 1490
y2DSBHE9vhc-00299-00078566-00078784 in the modern Western world witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00300-00078785-00079012 accusations have often accompanied the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00301-00079013-00079360 satanic ritual abuse moral panic such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00302-00079361-00079594 accusations are a counterpart to blood
y2DSBHE9vhc-00303-00079595-00079816 libel of various kinds which may be
y2DSBHE9vhc-00304-00079817-00080020 found throughout history across the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00305-00080021-00080512 globe
y2DSBHE9vhc-00306-00080513-00081001 topic white witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-00307-00081002-00081262 throughout the early modern period the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00308-00081263-00081616 English term which was not exclusively
y2DSBHE9vhc-00309-00081617-00081775 negative in meaning and could also
y2DSBHE9vhc-00310-00081776-00082096 indicate cunning folk as Alan MacFarlane
y2DSBHE9vhc-00311-00082097-00082319 noted there were a number of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00312-00082320-00082516 interchangeable terms for these
y2DSBHE9vhc-00313-00082517-00082825 practitioners white good or unbinding
y2DSBHE9vhc-00314-00082826-00083140 witches blesser z' wizards sorcerers
y2DSBHE9vhc-00315-00083141-00083455 however cunning man and wise man were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00316-00083456-00083674 the most frequent
y2DSBHE9vhc-00317-00083675-00083872 the contemporary Reginald Scott
y2DSBHE9vhc-00318-00083873-00084126 explained at this day it is indifferent
y2DSBHE9vhc-00319-00084127-00084393 to say in the English tongue she is a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00320-00084394-00084790 witch or she is a wise woman folk
y2DSBHE9vhc-00321-00084791-00085009 magicians throughout Europe were often
y2DSBHE9vhc-00322-00085010-00085222 viewed ambivalently by communities and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00323-00085223-00085447 were considered as capable of harming as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00324-00085448-00085615 of healing which could lead to their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00325-00085616-00085936 being accused as witches in the negative
y2DSBHE9vhc-00326-00085937-00086337 sense many English which is convicted of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00327-00086338-00086556 consorting with demons seem to have been
y2DSBHE9vhc-00328-00086557-00086773 cunning folk whose fairy familiars had
y2DSBHE9vhc-00329-00086774-00087022 been demonized many French Devens Guri
y2DSBHE9vhc-00330-00087023-00087369 source diviner healers were accused of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00331-00087370-00087624 witchcraft and over 1/2 the accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-00332-00087625-00087829 witches in hungary seemed to have been
y2DSBHE9vhc-00333-00087830-00088054 healers some of the healers and diviners
y2DSBHE9vhc-00334-00088055-00088291 historically accused of witchcraft have
y2DSBHE9vhc-00335-00088292-00088494 considered themselves mediators between
y2DSBHE9vhc-00336-00088495-00088771 the mundane and spiritual worlds roughly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00337-00088772-00089053 equivalent to shamans such people
y2DSBHE9vhc-00338-00089054-00089274 describe their contacts with fairies
y2DSBHE9vhc-00339-00089275-00089507 spirits often involving out-of-body
y2DSBHE9vhc-00340-00089508-00089728 experiences and traveling through the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00341-00089729-00090020 realms of an Otherworld
y2DSBHE9vhc-00342-00090021-00090284 beliefs of this nature are implied in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00343-00090285-00090473 the folklore of much of Europe and were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00344-00090474-00090710 explicitly described by accused witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-00345-00090711-00091037 in central and southern Europe repeated
y2DSBHE9vhc-00346-00091038-00091241 themes include participation in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00347-00091242-00091466 processions of the dead or large feasts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00348-00091467-00091697 often presided over by a horned male
y2DSBHE9vhc-00349-00091698-00091934 deity or a female divinity who teaches
y2DSBHE9vhc-00350-00091935-00092138 magic and gives prophesies and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00351-00092139-00092384 participation in battles against evil
y2DSBHE9vhc-00352-00092385-00092459 spirits
y2DSBHE9vhc-00353-00092460-00092936 vampires or witches to win fertility and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00354-00092937-00093217 prosperity for the community
y2DSBHE9vhc-00355-00093218-00093557 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-00356-00093558-00094149 topic accusations of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00357-00094150-00094401 ewa pox states that reasons for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00358-00094402-00094659 accusations of witchcraft fall into four
y2DSBHE9vhc-00359-00094660-00095001 general categories a person was caught
y2DSBHE9vhc-00360-00095002-00095160 in the act of positive or negative
y2DSBHE9vhc-00361-00095161-00095532 sorcery a well-meaning sorcerer our
y2DSBHE9vhc-00362-00095533-00095709 healer lost their clients are the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00363-00095710-00096057 authorities trust a person did nothing
y2DSBHE9vhc-00364-00096058-00096225 more than gain the enmity of their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00365-00096226-00096549 neighbors a person was reputed to be a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00366-00096550-00096732 witch and surrounded with an aura of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00367-00096733-00096942 witch beliefs or occultism she
y2DSBHE9vhc-00368-00096943-00097206 identifies three varieties of witch in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00369-00097207-00097634 popular belief the neighborhood witch or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00370-00097635-00097944 social witch a witch who curses a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00371-00097945-00098273 neighbor following some conflict the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00372-00098274-00098709 magical or sorcerer witch either a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00373-00098710-00098967 professional healer sorcerer seer or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00374-00098968-00099192 midwife or a person who has through
y2DSBHE9vhc-00375-00099193-00099393 magic increased her fortune to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00376-00099394-00099573 perceived detriment of a neighboring
y2DSBHE9vhc-00377-00099574-00099804 household do two neighborly or community
y2DSBHE9vhc-00378-00099805-00099996 rivalries and the ambiguity between
y2DSBHE9vhc-00379-00099997-00100227 positive and negative magic such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00380-00100228-00100431 individuals can become labeled as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00381-00100432-00100995 witches the supernatural or Knight which
y2DSBHE9vhc-00382-00100996-00101241 portrayed in court narratives as a demon
y2DSBHE9vhc-00383-00101242-00101426 appearing in visions and dreams
y2DSBHE9vhc-00384-00101427-00101733 neighborhood witches are the product of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00385-00101734-00101943 neighborhood tensions and are found only
y2DSBHE9vhc-00386-00101944-00102138 in self-sufficient serf village
y2DSBHE9vhc-00387-00102139-00102330 communities where the inhabitants
y2DSBHE9vhc-00388-00102331-00102606 largely rely on each other such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00389-00102607-00102840 accusations follow the breaking of some
y2DSBHE9vhc-00390-00102841-00103047 social norm such as the failure to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00391-00103048-00103293 return a borrowed item and any person
y2DSBHE9vhc-00392-00103294-00103518 part of the normal social exchange could
y2DSBHE9vhc-00393-00103519-00103833 potentially fall under suspicion claims
y2DSBHE9vhc-00394-00103833-00104238 of sorcerer witches in supernatural
y2DSBHE9vhc-00395-00104239-00104483 witches could arise out of social
y2DSBHE9vhc-00396-00104484-00104708 tensions but not exclusively the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00397-00104709-00104936 supernatural witch in particular often
y2DSBHE9vhc-00398-00104938-00105183 had nothing to do with communal conflict
y2DSBHE9vhc-00399-00105183-00105417 but expressed tensions between the human
y2DSBHE9vhc-00400-00105418-00105639 and supernatural worlds and in eastern
y2DSBHE9vhc-00401-00105640-00105809 and southeastern Europe such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00402-00105810-00106080 supernatural witches became an ideology
y2DSBHE9vhc-00403-00106081-00106314 explaining calamities that befell entire
y2DSBHE9vhc-00404-00106315-00106854 communities
y2DSBHE9vhc-00405-00106855-00107494 topic violence related to accusations
y2DSBHE9vhc-00406-00107495-00107760 belief in witchcraft continues to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-00407-00107761-00107983 present today in some societies and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00408-00107983-00108174 accusations of witchcraft are the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00409-00108175-00108384 trigger of serious forms of violence
y2DSBHE9vhc-00410-00108385-00108697 including murder such incidents are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00411-00108698-00108963 common in places such as Burkina Faso
y2DSBHE9vhc-00412-00108964-00109287 Ghana India Kenya Malawi Nepal and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00413-00109288-00109611 Tanzania accusations of witchcraft are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00414-00109612-00109827 sometimes linked to personal disputes
y2DSBHE9vhc-00415-00109828-00110085 jealousy and conflicts between neighbors
y2DSBHE9vhc-00416-00110086-00110354 or family over land or inheritance
y2DSBHE9vhc-00417-00110355-00110608 witchcraft related violence is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-00418-00110608-00110833 discussed as a serious issue in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00419-00110833-00111046 broader context of violence against
y2DSBHE9vhc-00420-00111047-00111372 women in Tanzania about 500 older women
y2DSBHE9vhc-00421-00111373-00111520 are murdered each year following
y2DSBHE9vhc-00422-00111521-00111747 accusations against them of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00423-00111748-00112008 or of being a witch apart from
y2DSBHE9vhc-00424-00112009-00112246 extrajudicial violence there is also
y2DSBHE9vhc-00425-00112247-00112447 state sanctioned violence in some
y2DSBHE9vhc-00426-00112448-00112761 jurisdictions for instance in Saudi
y2DSBHE9vhc-00427-00112762-00112981 Arabia practicing witchcraft and sorcery
y2DSBHE9vhc-00428-00112982-00113253 as a crime punishable by death and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00429-00113254-00113470 country has executed people for this
y2DSBHE9vhc-00430-00113471-00113896 crime in 2011 2012 and 2014 children in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00431-00113897-00114123 some regions of the world such as parts
y2DSBHE9vhc-00432-00114124-00114322 of Africa are also vulnerable to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00433-00114323-00114483 violence related to witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00434-00114484-00114825 accusations such incidents have also
y2DSBHE9vhc-00435-00114826-00115050 occurred in immigrant communities in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00436-00115051-00115335 UK including the much publicized case of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00437-00115336-00115998 the murder of Victoria climb a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00438-00115999-00116583 topic contemporary witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00439-00116583-00116847 modern practices identified by their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00440-00116848-00117165 practitioners as witchcraft have grown
y2DSBHE9vhc-00441-00117166-00117390 dramatically since the early 20th
y2DSBHE9vhc-00442-00117391-00117675 century generally portrayed as revivals
y2DSBHE9vhc-00443-00117676-00117915 of pre-christian European ritual and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00444-00117916-00118140 spirituality they are understood to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00445-00118141-00118356 involve varying degrees of magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00446-00118357-00118626 shamanism folk medicine spiritual
y2DSBHE9vhc-00447-00118627-00118833 healing calling on elementals and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00448-00118833-00119073 spirits veneration of ancient deities
y2DSBHE9vhc-00449-00119074-00119285 and archetypes and attunement with the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00450-00119286-00119429 forces of nature
y2DSBHE9vhc-00451-00119430-00119745 the first neo-pagan groups to publicly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00452-00119746-00120066 appear during the 1950s and 60s were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00453-00120067-00120284 Gerald Gardner's briquette wood coven
y2DSBHE9vhc-00454-00120285-00120608 and Roy Bowers clan of tubal-cain they
y2DSBHE9vhc-00455-00120609-00120888 operated as iniciative secret societies
y2DSBHE9vhc-00456-00120889-00121146 other individual practitioners and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00457-00121147-00121401 writers such as Paul Hewson also claimed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00458-00121402-00121638 inheritance to surviving traditions of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00459-00121639-00122165 witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00460-00122166-00122597 topic Wicca
y2DSBHE9vhc-00461-00122598-00122887 during the 20th century interest in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00462-00122888-00123088 witchcraft in english-speaking and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00463-00123089-00123308 European countries began to increase
y2DSBHE9vhc-00464-00123308-00123562 inspired particularly by Margaret
y2DSBHE9vhc-00465-00123563-00123797 Murray's theory of a pan-european witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-00466-00123798-00124106 cult originally published in 1921
y2DSBHE9vhc-00467-00124107-00124319 since discredited by further careful
y2DSBHE9vhc-00468-00124320-00124607 historical research interest was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00469-00124608-00124706 intensified
y2DSBHE9vhc-00470-00124707-00124969 however by Gerald Gardner's claim in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00471-00124970-00125278 1954 in witchcraft today that a form of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00472-00125279-00125590 witchcraft still existed in England the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00473-00125591-00125836 truth of Gardner's claim is now disputed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00474-00125838-00126074 to with different historians offering
y2DSBHE9vhc-00475-00126075-00126277 evidence for or against the religions
y2DSBHE9vhc-00476-00126278-00126610 existence prior to Gardner the Wicca
y2DSBHE9vhc-00477-00126611-00126818 that Gardner initially taught was a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00478-00126819-00127033 witchcraft religion having a lot in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00479-00127034-00127196 common with Margaret Murray's
y2DSBHE9vhc-00480-00127197-00127533 hypothetically posited cult of the 1920s
y2DSBHE9vhc-00481-00127534-00127813 indeed Murray wrote an introduction to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00482-00127814-00128048 Gardner's witchcraft today in effect
y2DSBHE9vhc-00483-00128049-00128253 putting her stamp of approval on it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00484-00128254-00128560 Wicca is now practiced as a religion of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00485-00128561-00128839 an initiative secret society nature with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00486-00128840-00129076 positive ethical principles organized
y2DSBHE9vhc-00487-00129077-00129332 into autonomous covens and led by a high
y2DSBHE9vhc-00488-00129333-00129599 priesthood there is also a large
y2DSBHE9vhc-00489-00129600-00129934 eclectic Wiccan movement of individuals
y2DSBHE9vhc-00490-00129935-00130157 and groups who share key Wiccan beliefs
y2DSBHE9vhc-00491-00130158-00130387 but have no initiative connection or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00492-00130388-00130608 affiliation with traditional Wicca
y2DSBHE9vhc-00493-00130609-00130858 Wiccan writings and rituals show
y2DSBHE9vhc-00494-00130859-00131035 borrowings from a number of sources
y2DSBHE9vhc-00495-00131036-00131302 including 19th and 20th century
y2DSBHE9vhc-00496-00131303-00131549 ceremonial magic the medieval grimoire
y2DSBHE9vhc-00497-00131550-00131779 known as the Key of Solomon Aleister
y2DSBHE9vhc-00498-00131780-00132016 Crowley's Ordo Templi Orientis and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00499-00132017-00132316 pre-christian religions both men and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00500-00132317-00132620 women are equally termed witches they
y2DSBHE9vhc-00501-00132621-00132816 practice a form of du'a theistic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00502-00132817-00133200 universalism since Gardner's death in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00503-00133201-00133469 1964 the wick of that he claimed he was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00504-00133470-00133690 initiated into has attracted many
y2DSBHE9vhc-00505-00133691-00133919 initiates becoming the largest of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00506-00133920-00134128 various witchcraft traditions in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00507-00134129-00134345 Western world and has influenced other
y2DSBHE9vhc-00508-00134346-00134698 neo-pagan and occult movements
y2DSBHE9vhc-00509-00134699-00134990 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-00510-00134991-00135597 topic witchcraft feminism and media
y2DSBHE9vhc-00511-00135598-00135886 wicken literature has been described as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00512-00135887-00136063 aiding the empowerment of young women
y2DSBHE9vhc-00513-00136064-00136302 through its lively portrayal of female
y2DSBHE9vhc-00514-00136303-00136615 protagonists part of the recent growth
y2DSBHE9vhc-00515-00136616-00136837 in neo pagan religions has been
y2DSBHE9vhc-00516-00136838-00137023 attributed to the strong media presence
y2DSBHE9vhc-00517-00137024-00137293 of fictional works such as the Buffy the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00518-00137294-00137529 Vampire Slayer and Harry Potter series
y2DSBHE9vhc-00519-00137530-00137775 with their depictions of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00520-00137776-00138034 widespread accessibility to related
y2DSBHE9vhc-00521-00138035-00138265 material through internet media such as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00522-00138266-00138520 chat rooms and forums is also thought to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00523-00138521-00138808 be driving this development Wiccan
y2DSBHE9vhc-00524-00138809-00139033 beliefs are currently often found to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-00525-00139034-00139279 compatible with liberal ideals such as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00526-00139280-00139498 the green movement and particularly with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00527-00139499-00139738 feminism by providing young women with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00528-00139739-00139960 means for empowerment and for control of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00529-00139961-00140229 their own lives this is the case
y2DSBHE9vhc-00530-00140230-00140482 particularly in North America due to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00531-00140483-00140803 strong presence of feminist ideals the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00532-00140804-00141091 2002 study enchanted feminism the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00533-00141092-00141322 reclaiming witches of San Francisco
y2DSBHE9vhc-00534-00141323-00141579 suggests that Wiccan religion represents
y2DSBHE9vhc-00535-00141580-00141784 the second wave of feminism that has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00536-00141785-00141994 also been redefined as a religious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00537-00141995-00142507 movement
y2DSBHE9vhc-00538-00142508-00143134 topic Strega ria Strega ria is an
y2DSBHE9vhc-00539-00143135-00143388 italian witchcraft religion popularized
y2DSBHE9vhc-00540-00143389-00143691 in the 1980s by Raven Graham a si who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00541-00143692-00143869 claims that it evolved within the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00542-00143870-00144097 ancient etruscan religion of Italian
y2DSBHE9vhc-00543-00144098-00144291 peasants who worked under the Catholic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00544-00144292-00144666 upper classes modern Strega RIA closely
y2DSBHE9vhc-00545-00144667-00144909 resembles Charles Leland's controversial
y2DSBHE9vhc-00546-00144910-00145243 late-19th century account of a surviving
y2DSBHE9vhc-00547-00145244-00145428 Italian religion of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00548-00145429-00145638 worshipping the goddess Diana her
y2DSBHE9vhc-00549-00145639-00145848 brother Diana's Lucifer and their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00550-00145849-00146166 daughter Aradia Leland's witches do not
y2DSBHE9vhc-00551-00146167-00146400 see Lucifer as the evil Satan that
y2DSBHE9vhc-00552-00146401-00146644 Christians see but a benevolent god of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00553-00146645-00146877 the Sun and Moon the ritual format of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00554-00146878-00147084 contemporary Strega RIA is roughly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00555-00147085-00147288 similar to that of other neo-pagan
y2DSBHE9vhc-00556-00147289-00147591 witchcraft religions such as Wicca the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00557-00147592-00147825 pentagram is the most common symbol of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00558-00147826-00148059 religious identity most followers
y2DSBHE9vhc-00559-00148060-00148290 celebrate a series of eight festivals
y2DSBHE9vhc-00560-00148291-00148488 equivalent to the Wiccan wheel of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00561-00148489-00148686 year though others follow the ancient
y2DSBHE9vhc-00562-00148687-00149028 roman festivals an emphasis is placed on
y2DSBHE9vhc-00563-00149029-00149562 ancestor worship
y2DSBHE9vhc-00564-00149563-00150109 topic traditional witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00565-00150110-00150386 traditional witchcraft as a term used to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00566-00150387-00150650 refer to a variety of contemporary forms
y2DSBHE9vhc-00567-00150651-00150941 of witchcraft pagan studies scholar
y2DSBHE9vhc-00568-00150942-00151178 Ethan Doyle white described it as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00569-00151179-00151442 broad movement of aligned magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00570-00151443-00151724 religious groups who reject any relation
y2DSBHE9vhc-00571-00151725-00151979 to Garden arianism and the wider Wiccan
y2DSBHE9vhc-00572-00151980-00152338 movement claiming older more traditional
y2DSBHE9vhc-00573-00152339-00152678 roots although typically united by a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00574-00152679-00152930 shared aesthetic rooted in European
y2DSBHE9vhc-00575-00152931-00153206 folklore the traditional craft contains
y2DSBHE9vhc-00576-00153207-00153473 within its ranks a rich and varied array
y2DSBHE9vhc-00577-00153474-00153734 of occult groups from those who follow a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00578-00153735-00153962 contemporary pagan path that is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00579-00153963-00154202 suspiciously similar to Wicca to those
y2DSBHE9vhc-00580-00154203-00154616 who adhere to luciferianism according to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00581-00154617-00154811 British traditional witch Michael Howard
y2DSBHE9vhc-00582-00154812-00155153 the term refers to any non Gardener ian
y2DSBHE9vhc-00583-00155154-00155504 non Alexandrian non Wiccan or pre-modern
y2DSBHE9vhc-00584-00155505-00155798 form of the craft especially if it has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00585-00155799-00156065 been inspired by historical forms of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00586-00156066-00156425 witchcraft and folk magic another
y2DSBHE9vhc-00587-00156426-00156647 definition was offered by Daniel a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00588-00156648-00156719 shulkie
y2DSBHE9vhc-00589-00156720-00156911 the current magister of the cultists
y2DSBHE9vhc-00590-00156912-00157073 Abbate when he proclaimed that
y2DSBHE9vhc-00591-00157074-00157325 traditional witchcraft refers to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00592-00157326-00157631 coterie of initiatory lineages of ritual
y2DSBHE9vhc-00593-00157632-00157865 magic spellcraft and devotional
y2DSBHE9vhc-00594-00157866-00158201 mysticism some forms of traditional
y2DSBHE9vhc-00595-00158202-00158441 witchcraft are the fairy tradition
y2DSBHE9vhc-00596-00158442-00159145 Cochrane's craft and the sabbatic craft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00597-00159146-00159529 topic contemporary witchcraft Satanism
y2DSBHE9vhc-00598-00159530-00159774 and luciferianism
y2DSBHE9vhc-00599-00159775-00159998 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-00600-00159999-00160262 Satanism as a broad term referring to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00601-00160263-00160486 diverse beliefs that share a symbolic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00602-00160487-00160796 association with or admiration for Satan
y2DSBHE9vhc-00603-00160797-00161105 who is seen as a liberating figure while
y2DSBHE9vhc-00604-00161106-00161342 it is heir to the same historical period
y2DSBHE9vhc-00605-00161343-00161555 and pre-enlightenment beliefs that gave
y2DSBHE9vhc-00606-00161556-00161765 rise to modern witchcraft it is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00607-00161766-00161984 generally seen as completely separate
y2DSBHE9vhc-00608-00161985-00162206 from modern witchcraft and Wicca and has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00609-00162207-00162433 little or no connection to them
y2DSBHE9vhc-00610-00162434-00162755 modern witchcraft considers Satanism to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00611-00162756-00163082 be the dark side of Christianity rather
y2DSBHE9vhc-00612-00163083-00163304 than a branch of Wicca the character of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00613-00163305-00163577 Satan referenced in Satanism exists only
y2DSBHE9vhc-00614-00163578-00163780 in the theology of the three Abrahamic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00615-00163781-00164069 religions and Satanism arose as and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00616-00164070-00164282 occupies the role of a rebellious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00617-00164283-00164525 counterpart to Christianity in which all
y2DSBHE9vhc-00618-00164526-00164729 is permitted and the self is central
y2DSBHE9vhc-00619-00164730-00164957 Christianity can be characterized as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00620-00164958-00165176 having the diametrically opposite views
y2DSBHE9vhc-00621-00165177-00165395 to these such beliefs become more
y2DSBHE9vhc-00622-00165396-00165602 visibly expressed in Europe after the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00623-00165603-00165776 Enlightenment when works such as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00624-00165777-00166040 Milton's Paradise Lost were described in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00625-00166041-00166274 new by romantics who suggested that they
y2DSBHE9vhc-00626-00166275-00166466 presented the biblical Satan as an
y2DSBHE9vhc-00627-00166467-00166705 allegory representing crisis of faith
y2DSBHE9vhc-00628-00166706-00166967 individualism freewill wisdom and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00629-00166968-00167189 enlightenment a few works from that time
y2DSBHE9vhc-00630-00167190-00167459 also began to directly present Satan in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00631-00167460-00167654 a less negative light such as letters
y2DSBHE9vhc-00632-00167655-00167963 from the earth the two major trends are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00633-00167964-00168167 theistic satanism and a theistic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00634-00168168-00168428 satanism the former venerates satan as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00635-00168429-00168692 supernatural patriarchal deity while the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00636-00168693-00168917 latter views Satan as merely a symbolic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00637-00168918-00169139 embodiment of certain human traits
y2DSBHE9vhc-00638-00169140-00169412 organized groups began to emerge in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00639-00169413-00169661 mid 20th century including the a fight
y2DSBHE9vhc-00640-00169662-00169988 cult as Satanas 1948 and the Church of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00641-00169989-00170393 Satan 1966 after seeing Margaret
y2DSBHE9vhc-00642-00170394-00170600 Murray's book the God of the witches the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00643-00170601-00170801 leader of a fight cultist Satanas
y2DSBHE9vhc-00644-00170802-00171047 Herbert Arthur Sloan said he realized
y2DSBHE9vhc-00645-00171048-00171328 that the Horned God was Satan sathanas
y2DSBHE9vhc-00646-00171329-00171605 Sloan also corresponded with his
y2DSBHE9vhc-00647-00171606-00171857 contemporary Gerald Gardner founder of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00648-00171858-00172061 the Wicca religion and implied that his
y2DSBHE9vhc-00649-00172062-00172271 views of Satan and the Horned God were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00650-00172272-00172478 not necessarily in conflict with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00651-00172479-00172775 Gardner's approach however he did
y2DSBHE9vhc-00652-00172776-00173099 believe that while gnosis referred to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00653-00173100-00173268 knowledge and with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00654-00173269-00173534 referred to wisdom modern witches had
y2DSBHE9vhc-00655-00173535-00173741 fallen away from the true knowledge and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00656-00173742-00173921 instead had begun worshipping a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00657-00173922-00174120 fertility God a reflection of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00658-00174121-00174444 Creator God he wrote that the largest
y2DSBHE9vhc-00659-00174445-00174722 existing body of witches who are true
y2DSBHE9vhc-00660-00174723-00175109 Satanists would be the yetis Slone
y2DSBHE9vhc-00661-00175110-00175328 highly recommended the book the gnostic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00662-00175329-00175502 religion and sections of it were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00663-00175503-00175806 sometimes read at ceremonies it was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00664-00175807-00176072 estimated that there were up to 100,000
y2DSBHE9vhc-00665-00176073-00176408 Satanists worldwide by 2006 twice the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00666-00176409-00176783 number estimated in 1990 Satanist ik
y2DSBHE9vhc-00667-00176784-00176982 beliefs have been largely permitted as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00668-00176983-00177219 valid expression of religious belief in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00669-00177220-00177503 the West for example they were allowed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00670-00177504-00177819 in the British Royal Navy in 2004 and an
y2DSBHE9vhc-00671-00177820-00178097 appeal was considered in 2005 for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00672-00178098-00178316 religious status as a right of prisoners
y2DSBHE9vhc-00673-00178317-00178470 by the Supreme Court of the United
y2DSBHE9vhc-00674-00178471-00178838 States contemporary Satanism as mainly
y2DSBHE9vhc-00675-00178839-00179087 an American phenomenon although it began
y2DSBHE9vhc-00676-00179088-00179343 to reach Eastern Europe in the 1990s
y2DSBHE9vhc-00677-00179344-00179516 around the time of the fall of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00678-00179517-00179783 Soviet Union luciferianism on the other
y2DSBHE9vhc-00679-00179784-00180002 hand is a belief system and does not
y2DSBHE9vhc-00680-00180003-00180188 revere the devil figure or most
y2DSBHE9vhc-00681-00180189-00180398 characteristics typically affixed to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00682-00180399-00180764 Satan rather Lucifer in this context is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00683-00180765-00180983 seen as one of many morning stars a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00684-00180984-00181226 symbol of enlightenment independence and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00685-00181227-00181526 human progression Madeleine Montalban
y2DSBHE9vhc-00686-00181527-00181727 was an English witch who adhered to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00687-00181728-00181983 specific form of luciferianism which
y2DSBHE9vhc-00688-00181984-00182165 revolved around the veneration of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00689-00182166-00182435 Lucifer or ludmil whom she considered to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00690-00182436-00182648 be a benevolent angelic being who had
y2DSBHE9vhc-00691-00182649-00182946 aided humanity's development within her
y2DSBHE9vhc-00692-00182947-00183185 order she emphasized that her followers
y2DSBHE9vhc-00693-00183186-00183420 discover their own personal relationship
y2DSBHE9vhc-00694-00183421-00183691 with the angelic beings including ludmil
y2DSBHE9vhc-00695-00183692-00183974 although initially seeming favorable to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00696-00183975-00184281 Gerald Gardner by the mid-1960s she had
y2DSBHE9vhc-00697-00184282-00184472 become hostile towards him and his
y2DSBHE9vhc-00698-00184473-00184673 gardener II and tradition considering
y2DSBHE9vhc-00699-00184674-00184985 him to be a dirty old man and sexual
y2DSBHE9vhc-00700-00184986-00185321 pervert she also expressed hostility to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00701-00185322-00185520 another prominent pagan witch of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00702-00185521-00185579 period
y2DSBHE9vhc-00703-00185580-00185849 Charles Cardell although in the 1960s
y2DSBHE9vhc-00704-00185850-00186065 became friends with the two witches at
y2DSBHE9vhc-00705-00186066-00186284 the forefront of the Alexandrian Wiccan
y2DSBHE9vhc-00706-00186285-00186350 tradition
y2DSBHE9vhc-00707-00186351-00186599 Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine
y2DSBHE9vhc-00708-00186600-00186779 Sanders who adopted some of her
y2DSBHE9vhc-00709-00186780-00187073 Luciferian angelic practices in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00710-00187074-00187343 contemporary times Luciferian witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-00711-00187344-00188032 exist within traditional witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00712-00188033-00188317 topic historical and religious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00713-00188318-00189076 perspectives
y2DSBHE9vhc-00714-00189077-00189634 topic near-east beliefs
y2DSBHE9vhc-00715-00189635-00189910 the belief in sorcery and it's practice
y2DSBHE9vhc-00716-00189911-00190099 seemed to have been widespread in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00717-00190100-00190389 ancient Near East and Nile Valley it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00718-00190390-00190594 played a conspicuous role in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00719-00190595-00190783 cultures of ancient Egypt and in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00720-00190784-00191107 Babylonia the latter tradition included
y2DSBHE9vhc-00721-00191108-00191356 an Akkadian anti witchcraft ritual the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00722-00191357-00191628 map clue a section from the Code of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00723-00191629-00192090 Hammurabi about 2000 BC prescribes if a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00724-00192091-00192337 man has put a spell upon another man and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00725-00192338-00192568 it is not justified he upon whom the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00726-00192569-00192793 spell is laid shall go to the holy river
y2DSBHE9vhc-00727-00192794-00193048 into the holy river shall he plunge if
y2DSBHE9vhc-00728-00193049-00193350 the holy river overcome him and he has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00729-00193351-00193575 drowned the man who put the spell upon
y2DSBHE9vhc-00730-00193576-00193779 him shall take possession of his house
y2DSBHE9vhc-00731-00193780-00194095 if the holy river declares him innocent
y2DSBHE9vhc-00732-00194096-00194344 and he remains unharmed the man who laid
y2DSBHE9vhc-00733-00194345-00194637 the spell shall be put to death he that
y2DSBHE9vhc-00734-00194638-00194821 plunged into the river shall take
y2DSBHE9vhc-00735-00194822-00195010 possession of the house of him who laid
y2DSBHE9vhc-00736-00195011-00195619 the spell upon him
y2DSBHE9vhc-00737-00195620-00196527 topic Abrahamic religions
y2DSBHE9vhc-00738-00196528-00197016 topic Hebrew Bible
y2DSBHE9vhc-00739-00197017-00197235 according to the new Advent Catholic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00740-00197236-00197454 Encyclopedia in the holy scripture
y2DSBHE9vhc-00741-00197455-00197691 references to sorcery are frequent and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00742-00197692-00197874 the strong condemnation zuv such
y2DSBHE9vhc-00743-00197875-00198105 practices found there do not seem to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-00744-00198106-00198321 based so much upon the supposition of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00745-00198322-00198525 fraud as upon the abomination of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00746-00198526-00198900 magic in itself the King James Version
y2DSBHE9vhc-00747-00198901-00199271 uses the words which witchcraft and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00748-00199272-00199632 which crafts to translate the Masoretic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00749-00199633-00199962 case abacus off Hebrew pronunciation KF
y2DSBHE9vhc-00750-00199963-00200247 and Kesem chasm these same English terms
y2DSBHE9vhc-00751-00200248-00200439 are used to translate pharmakeia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00752-00200440-00200660 pharmakeia in the Greek New Testament
y2DSBHE9vhc-00753-00200661-00200997 verses such as Deuteronomy chapter 18
y2DSBHE9vhc-00754-00200998-00201333 verses 11 to 12 and Exodus chapter 22
y2DSBHE9vhc-00755-00201334-00201621 verse 18 thou shalt not suffer a witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-00756-00201622-00201921 to live thus provided scriptural
y2DSBHE9vhc-00757-00201922-00202110 justification for Christian witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-00758-00202111-00202353 hunters in the early modern period see
y2DSBHE9vhc-00759-00202354-00202674 Christian views on magic the precise
y2DSBHE9vhc-00760-00202675-00202905 meaning of the Hebrew case app usually
y2DSBHE9vhc-00761-00202906-00203339 translated as witch or sorceress is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00762-00203340-00203604 uncertain in the Septuagint it was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00763-00203605-00203835 translated as pharmakeia or pharmacist
y2DSBHE9vhc-00764-00203836-00204039 in the sixteenth century
y2DSBHE9vhc-00765-00204040-00204279 Reginald Scott a prominent critic of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00766-00204280-00204498 witch trials translated que SAP
y2DSBHE9vhc-00767-00204499-00204702 pharmakeia and the Vulgate slatton
y2DSBHE9vhc-00768-00204703-00204917 equivalent veneficus as all meaning
y2DSBHE9vhc-00769-00204919-00205257 poisoner and on this basis claimed that
y2DSBHE9vhc-00770-00205258-00205592 witch was an incorrect translation and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00771-00205594-00205871 poisoners were intended his theory still
y2DSBHE9vhc-00772-00205873-00206088 holds some currency but is not widely
y2DSBHE9vhc-00773-00206089-00206382 accepted and in Daniel chapter 2 verse 2
y2DSBHE9vhc-00774-00206383-00206639 case app as listed alongside other magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00775-00206640-00206842 practitioners who could interpret dreams
y2DSBHE9vhc-00776-00206844-00207200 magicians astrologers and Chaldeans
y2DSBHE9vhc-00777-00207201-00207435 suggested derivations of case appt
y2DSBHE9vhc-00778-00207436-00207764 include mutter ER from a single root or
y2DSBHE9vhc-00779-00207765-00208040 herb user as a compound word formed from
y2DSBHE9vhc-00780-00208041-00208359 the roots cache meaning herb and hopple
y2DSBHE9vhc-00781-00208360-00208710 a meaning using the Greek pharmakeia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00782-00208711-00209042 literally means herbalist or one who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00783-00209044-00209288 uses or administers drugs but it was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00784-00209289-00209540 used virtually synonymously with magia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00785-00209541-00209817 and Goya as a term for a sorcerer the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00786-00209817-00210023 Bible provides some evidence that these
y2DSBHE9vhc-00787-00210025-00210216 Commandments against sorcery were
y2DSBHE9vhc-00788-00210217-00210482 enforced under the hebrew king
y2DSBHE9vhc-00789-00210483-00210744 and Saul disguised himself and put on
y2DSBHE9vhc-00790-00210744-00210956 other raiment and he went and two men
y2DSBHE9vhc-00791-00210957-00211169 with him and they came to the woman by
y2DSBHE9vhc-00792-00211171-00211397 night and he said I pray thee divine
y2DSBHE9vhc-00793-00211398-00211641 unto me by the familiar spirit and bring
y2DSBHE9vhc-00794-00211642-00211842 me him up whom I shall name unto thee
y2DSBHE9vhc-00795-00211842-00212169 and the woman said unto him behold thou
y2DSBHE9vhc-00796-00212169-00212405 knowest what Saul hath done how he hath
y2DSBHE9vhc-00797-00212406-00212630 cut off those that have familiar spirits
y2DSBHE9vhc-00798-00212631-00212792 and the wizards out of the land
y2DSBHE9vhc-00799-00212794-00213015 wherefore then layest thou a snare for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00800-00213016-00213239 my life to cause me to die
y2DSBHE9vhc-00801-00213240-00213489 note that the Hebrew word oboe
y2DSBHE9vhc-00802-00213490-00213731 translated as familiar spirit in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00803-00213732-00213963 above quotation has a different meaning
y2DSBHE9vhc-00804-00213964-00214157 than the usual English sense of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00805-00214158-00214437 phrase namely it refers to a spirit that
y2DSBHE9vhc-00806-00214438-00214622 the woman is familiar with rather than
y2DSBHE9vhc-00807-00214623-00214866 to a spirit that physically manifests
y2DSBHE9vhc-00808-00214867-00215496 itself in the shape of an animal
y2DSBHE9vhc-00809-00215498-00215998 topic New Testament
y2DSBHE9vhc-00810-00216000-00216259 the New Testament condemns the practice
y2DSBHE9vhc-00811-00216260-00216385 as an abomination
y2DSBHE9vhc-00812-00216386-00216626 just as the Old Testament had galatians
y2DSBHE9vhc-00813-00216627-00216808 chapter 5 verse 20
y2DSBHE9vhc-00814-00216809-00217037 compared with Revelation chapter 21
y2DSBHE9vhc-00815-00217038-00217463 verse 8 22 15 and Acts chapter 8 verse 9
y2DSBHE9vhc-00816-00217464-00217873 13 to 6 the word in most New Testament
y2DSBHE9vhc-00817-00217875-00218140 translations is sorcerer
y2DSBHE9vhc-00818-00218141-00219073 sorcery rather than witch witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00819-00219075-00219555 topic Judaism
y2DSBHE9vhc-00820-00219556-00219792 Jewish law views the practice of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00821-00219792-00220032 witchcraft as being laden with idolatry
y2DSBHE9vhc-00822-00220033-00220302 and/or necromancy both being serious
y2DSBHE9vhc-00823-00220303-00220554 theological and practical offenses in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00824-00220555-00220884 Judaism although Maimonides vigorously
y2DSBHE9vhc-00825-00220885-00221100 denied the efficacy of all methods of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00826-00221101-00221316 witchcraft and claims that the biblical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00827-00221317-00221538 prohibitions regarding it were precisely
y2DSBHE9vhc-00828-00221539-00221781 to wean the Israelites from practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-00829-00221782-00222092 related to idolatry it is acknowledged
y2DSBHE9vhc-00830-00222094-00222333 that while magic exists it is forbidden
y2DSBHE9vhc-00831-00222334-00222555 to practice it on the basis that it
y2DSBHE9vhc-00832-00222556-00222762 usually involves the worship of other
y2DSBHE9vhc-00833-00222763-00223053 gods rabbi's of the Talmud also
y2DSBHE9vhc-00834-00223054-00223266 condemned magic when it produced
y2DSBHE9vhc-00835-00223267-00223485 something other than illusion giving the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00836-00223486-00223748 example of two men who use magic to pick
y2DSBHE9vhc-00837-00223750-00224142 cucumbers Sanhedrin 67a the one who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00838-00224142-00224321 creates the illusion of picking
y2DSBHE9vhc-00839-00224323-00224553 cucumbers should not be condemned only
y2DSBHE9vhc-00840-00224554-00224778 the one who actually picks the cucumbers
y2DSBHE9vhc-00841-00224779-00225087 through magic however some of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00842-00225088-00225423 rabbi's practiced magic themselves are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00843-00225423-00225684 taught the subject for instance rabba
y2DSBHE9vhc-00844-00225685-00225917 created a person and send him to ROVs
y2DSBHE9vhc-00845-00225919-00226119 era and Hanina and Hosea
y2DSBHE9vhc-00846-00226119-00226317 studied every Friday together and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00847-00226317-00226554 created a small calf to eat on Shabbat
y2DSBHE9vhc-00848-00226555-00226748 Sanhedrin 67b
y2DSBHE9vhc-00849-00226750-00227190 in these cases the magic was seen more
y2DSBHE9vhc-00850-00227191-00227469 as divine miracles ie coming from God
y2DSBHE9vhc-00851-00227469-00227798 rather than unclean forces than as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00852-00227800-00227988 witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00853-00227989-00228203 Judaism does make it clear that Jews
y2DSBHE9vhc-00854-00228204-00228419 shall not try to learn about the ways of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00855-00228421-00228659 witches book of Deuteronomy chapter 18
y2DSBHE9vhc-00856-00228660-00228935 verses 9 to 10 and that witches are to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00857-00228936-00229208 be put to death Exodus chapter 22 verse
y2DSBHE9vhc-00858-00229209-00229369 17
y2DSBHE9vhc-00859-00229371-00229634 Judaism's most famous reference to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00860-00229635-00229866 medium as undoubtedly the Witch of Endor
y2DSBHE9vhc-00861-00229867-00230139 whom Saul consults as recounted in 1st
y2DSBHE9vhc-00862-00230140-00230767 Samuel chapter 28
y2DSBHE9vhc-00863-00230769-00231219 topic Islam
y2DSBHE9vhc-00864-00231221-00231557 divination and magic in Islam encompass
y2DSBHE9vhc-00865-00231558-00231791 a wide range of practices including
y2DSBHE9vhc-00866-00231792-00232052 black magic warding off the evil eye the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00867-00232053-00232280 production of amulets and other magical
y2DSBHE9vhc-00868-00232281-00232546 equipment a vocation casting Lots and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00869-00232548-00232907 astrology Muslims do commonly believe in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00870-00232908-00233234 magic si HR and explicitly forbid its
y2DSBHE9vhc-00871-00233235-00233319 practice
y2DSBHE9vhc-00872-00233321-00233687 si HR translates from Arabic as black
y2DSBHE9vhc-00873-00233688-00233969 magic the best-known reference to magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00874-00233969-00234227 in Islam is sura al Falak of the quran
y2DSBHE9vhc-00875-00234228-00234455 which is known as a prayer to God to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00876-00234456-00234823 ward off black magic say I seek refuge
y2DSBHE9vhc-00877-00234825-00235013 with the Lord of the dawn from the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00878-00235014-00235223 mischief of created things from the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00879-00235223-00235433 mischief of darkness as it over spreads
y2DSBHE9vhc-00880-00235434-00235646 from the mischief of those who practice
y2DSBHE9vhc-00881-00235646-00235853 secret arts and from the mischief of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00882-00235854-00236215 envious one as he practices Envy Quran
y2DSBHE9vhc-00883-00236216-00236744 113 - 1-5 also according to the Quran
y2DSBHE9vhc-00884-00236744-00237046 and they follow that which The Devil's
y2DSBHE9vhc-00885-00237048-00237269 falsely related against the kingdom of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00886-00237269-00237605 Solomon Solomon disbelieve not but the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00887-00237606-00237800 devil's disbelieved teaching mankind
y2DSBHE9vhc-00888-00237801-00238052 sorcery and that which was revealed to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00889-00238053-00238432 the two angels in Babel Harut and Marut
y2DSBHE9vhc-00890-00238433-00238657 and surely they do know that he who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00891-00238658-00238885 traffic at their end will have no happy
y2DSBHE9vhc-00892-00238886-00239134 portion in the hereafter and surely evil
y2DSBHE9vhc-00893-00239135-00239320 is the price for which they sell their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00894-00239321-00239719 souls if they've been new Quran - - 100
y2DSBHE9vhc-00895-00239721-00240116 - Islam distinguishes between God given
y2DSBHE9vhc-00896-00240117-00240322 gifts or good magic and black magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00897-00240323-00240670 possession good supernatural powers are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00898-00240671-00240869 therefore a special gift from God
y2DSBHE9vhc-00899-00240869-00241096 whereas black magic is achieved through
y2DSBHE9vhc-00900-00241097-00241469 help of jinn and demons in the Qur Anic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00901-00241469-00241712 narrative the Prophet Sulayman had the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00902-00241713-00241940 power to speak with animals and command
y2DSBHE9vhc-00903-00241941-00242203 jinn and he thanks God for this nmt ie
y2DSBHE9vhc-00904-00242204-00242506 gift privilege favour bounty which is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00905-00242507-00242695 only given to him with God's permission
y2DSBHE9vhc-00906-00242696-00243164 Quran 27 - 19 the Prophet Muhammad was
y2DSBHE9vhc-00907-00243165-00243358 accused of being a magician by his
y2DSBHE9vhc-00908-00243359-00243655 opponents Quran 10 to 2 it is a common
y2DSBHE9vhc-00909-00243656-00243853 belief that jinn can possess a human
y2DSBHE9vhc-00910-00243854-00244147 thus requiring exorcism ruqyah derived
y2DSBHE9vhc-00911-00244148-00244372 from the Prophet Sunnah to cast off the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00912-00244373-00244555 jinn or Devils from the body of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00913-00244556-00244817 possessed the practice of seeking help
y2DSBHE9vhc-00914-00244817-00245066 from the jinn is prohibited and can lead
y2DSBHE9vhc-00915-00245067-00245404 to possession the rukia contains verses
y2DSBHE9vhc-00916-00245405-00245575 of the Quran as well as prayers
y2DSBHE9vhc-00917-00245576-00245920 specifically targeted against demons the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00918-00245921-00246116 knowledge of which verses of the Quran
y2DSBHE9vhc-00919-00246117-00246321 to use in what way is what is considered
y2DSBHE9vhc-00920-00246322-00246658 magic knowledge a hadith recorded in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00921-00246659-00247279 sahih al-bukhari 876 - 479 states 70,000
y2DSBHE9vhc-00922-00247280-00247492 people of my followers will enter
y2DSBHE9vhc-00923-00247494-00247723 paradise without accounts and they are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00924-00247724-00247960 those who do not practice our ruqyah
y2DSBHE9vhc-00925-00247961-00248200 and do not see an evil omen in things
y2DSBHE9vhc-00926-00248201-00248542 and put their trust in their lord even
y2DSBHE9vhc-00927-00248544-00248875 qay why I am Al jagiya a scholar
y2DSBHE9vhc-00928-00248876-00249137 commented on this hadith stating that is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00929-00249138-00249328 because these people will enter paradise
y2DSBHE9vhc-00930-00249329-00249550 without being called to account because
y2DSBHE9vhc-00931-00249551-00249713 of the perfection of their tawheed
y2DSBHE9vhc-00932-00249714-00249928 therefore he described them as people
y2DSBHE9vhc-00933-00249929-00250166 who did not ask others to perform rukia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00934-00250167-00250469 for them hence he said and they put
y2DSBHE9vhc-00935-00250469-00250735 their trust in their Lord because of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00936-00250736-00250930 their complete trust in their Lord their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00937-00250931-00251165 contentment with him their faith in him
y2DSBHE9vhc-00938-00251166-00251332 their being pleased with him and they're
y2DSBHE9vhc-00939-00251333-00251513 seeking their needs from him they do not
y2DSBHE9vhc-00940-00251514-00251789 ask people for anything be it Rukia
y2DSBHE9vhc-00941-00251790-00251954 or anything else and they are not
y2DSBHE9vhc-00942-00251955-00252194 influenced by omens and superstitions
y2DSBHE9vhc-00943-00252194-00252362 that could prevent them from doing what
y2DSBHE9vhc-00944-00252363-00252584 they want to do because superstition
y2DSBHE9vhc-00945-00252585-00252796 detracts from and weakens tawheed I
y2DSBHE9vhc-00946-00252798-00253064 banal Nadeem hold exorcists gain their
y2DSBHE9vhc-00947-00253065-00253283 power by their obedience to God while
y2DSBHE9vhc-00948-00253284-00253526 sorcerers please the demons by acts of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00949-00253527-00253769 disobedience and sacrifices and they in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00950-00253769-00254102 return do him a favor being pious and
y2DSBHE9vhc-00951-00254103-00254300 strictly following the teachings of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00952-00254301-00254504 Quran can increase the probability to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00953-00254505-00254741 perform magic or miracles that is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00954-00254742-00254903 distinguished from witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-00955-00254904-00255121 the latter practiced in aid with demons
y2DSBHE9vhc-00956-00255123-00255508 a hadith recorded in sahih al-bukhari
y2DSBHE9vhc-00957-00255509-00255935 771 - 671 narrates that one who has
y2DSBHE9vhc-00958-00255936-00256154 eaten 7 a jawad eights in the morning
y2DSBHE9vhc-00959-00256155-00256394 will not be adversely affected by magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-00960-00256394-00256604 in the course of that day students of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00961-00256605-00256787 the history of religion have linked
y2DSBHE9vhc-00962-00256788-00257042 several magical practices in Islam with
y2DSBHE9vhc-00963-00257042-00257282 pre-islamic Turkish and East African
y2DSBHE9vhc-00964-00257283-00257623 customs most notable of these customs as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00965-00257625-00257791 the czar
y2DSBHE9vhc-00966-00257792-00258155 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-00967-00258156-00258998 topic by region
y2DSBHE9vhc-00968-00259000-00259488 topic Africa
y2DSBHE9vhc-00969-00259489-00259748 in southern African traditions there are
y2DSBHE9vhc-00970-00259750-00259986 three classifications of somebody who
y2DSBHE9vhc-00971-00259987-00260292 uses magic the Tecate is usually
y2DSBHE9vhc-00972-00260292-00260514 improperly translated into English as
y2DSBHE9vhc-00973-00260515-00260637 witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-00974-00260638-00260919 and as a spiteful person who operates in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00975-00260919-00261237 secret to harm others the sangoma as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00976-00261238-00261446 diviner somewhere on a par with a
y2DSBHE9vhc-00977-00261448-00261644 fortune teller and as employed in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00978-00261646-00261864 detecting illness predicting a person's
y2DSBHE9vhc-00979-00261865-00262092 future or advising them on which path to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00980-00262092-00262362 take or identifying the guilty party in
y2DSBHE9vhc-00981-00262363-00262686 a crime she also practices some degree
y2DSBHE9vhc-00982-00262687-00262929 of Medicine the inyanga is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-00983-00262930-00263268 translated as witch doctor though many
y2DSBHE9vhc-00984-00263269-00263451 southern Africans resent this
y2DSBHE9vhc-00985-00263452-00263670 implication as it perpetuates the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00986-00263671-00263982 mistaken belief that a witch doctor is
y2DSBHE9vhc-00987-00263983-00264171 in some sense a practitioner of
y2DSBHE9vhc-00988-00264172-00264471 malicious magic the in Yungas job is to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00989-00264472-00264675 heal illness and injury and provide
y2DSBHE9vhc-00990-00264676-00264897 customers with magical items for
y2DSBHE9vhc-00991-00264898-00265170 everyday use of these three categories
y2DSBHE9vhc-00992-00265171-00265476 the Tecate is almost exclusively female
y2DSBHE9vhc-00993-00265477-00265758 the sangoma is usually female and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-00994-00265759-00266130 inyanga is almost exclusively male much
y2DSBHE9vhc-00995-00266131-00266382 of what witchcraft represents in Africa
y2DSBHE9vhc-00996-00266383-00266520 has been susceptible to
y2DSBHE9vhc-00997-00266521-00266766 misunderstandings and confusion thanks
y2DSBHE9vhc-00998-00266767-00266973 in no small part to a tendency among
y2DSBHE9vhc-00999-00266974-00267216 Western scholars since the time of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01000-00267217-00267432 now largely discredited Margaret Murray
y2DSBHE9vhc-01001-00267433-00267615 to approach the subject through a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01002-00267616-00267849 comparative lens vis-a-vis European
y2DSBHE9vhc-01003-00267850-00268152 witchcraft okiya argues that witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01004-00268153-00268434 in Africa today plays a very different
y2DSBHE9vhc-01005-00268435-00268647 social role than in Europe of the past
y2DSBHE9vhc-01006-00268648-00268953 or present and should be understood
y2DSBHE9vhc-01007-00268954-00269120 through an African rather than
y2DSBHE9vhc-01008-00269121-00269511 post-colonial Western lens complimentary
y2DSBHE9vhc-01009-00269512-00269748 remarks about witchcraft by a native
y2DSBHE9vhc-01010-00269749-00270134 Congolese initiate from witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01011-00270135-00270419 maybe developed the remedy kim boo-ki
y2DSBHE9vhc-01012-00270420-00270620 that will do most to raise up our
y2DSBHE9vhc-01013-00270621-00271047 country witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01014-00271048-00271348 deserves respect
y2DSBHE9vhc-01015-00271349-00271675 it can embellish or redeem Cotulla evo
y2DSBHE9vhc-01016-00271676-00272058 vu Kisa the ancestors were equipped with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01017-00272059-00272290 the protective witchcraft of the clan
y2DSBHE9vhc-01018-00272291-00272662 kendo kiki and Angela Kanda
y2DSBHE9vhc-01019-00272663-00272898 they could also gather the power of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01020-00272899-00273207 animals into their hands
y2DSBHE9vhc-01021-00273208-00273506 whenever they needed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01022-00273507-00273773 if we could make use of these kinds of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01023-00273774-00273983 witchcraft our country would rapidly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01024-00273984-00274373 progress in knowledge of every kind you
y2DSBHE9vhc-01025-00274374-00274640 witches zindagi to bring your science
y2DSBHE9vhc-01026-00274641-00274835 into the light to be written down so
y2DSBHE9vhc-01027-00274836-00274987 that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01028-00274988-00275232 the benefits in it
y2DSBHE9vhc-01029-00275233-00275837 endow our race
y2DSBHE9vhc-01030-00275838-00276307 topic Cameroon
y2DSBHE9vhc-01031-00276308-00276577 in eastern Cameroon the term used for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01032-00276578-00276661 witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01033-00276662-00276886 among the Makkah as Jam and refers to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01034-00276887-00277138 force inside a person its powers may
y2DSBHE9vhc-01035-00277139-00277417 make the proprietor more vulnerable it
y2DSBHE9vhc-01036-00277418-00277579 encompasses the occult the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01037-00277580-00278204 transformative killing and healing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01038-00278205-00278714 topic central Africa
y2DSBHE9vhc-01039-00278715-00279017 in some Central African areas malicious
y2DSBHE9vhc-01040-00279018-00279275 magic users are believed by locals to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01041-00279276-00279461 the source of terminal illness such as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01042-00279462-00279833 AIDS and cancer in such cases various
y2DSBHE9vhc-01043-00279834-00280049 methods are used to rid the person from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01044-00280050-00280241 the bewitching spirit occasionally
y2DSBHE9vhc-01045-00280242-00280462 physical and psychological abuse
y2DSBHE9vhc-01046-00280463-00280736 children may be accused of being witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01047-00280737-00281000 for example a young niece may be blamed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01048-00281001-00281276 for the illness of a relative most of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01049-00281277-00281540 these cases of abuse go unreported since
y2DSBHE9vhc-01050-00281541-00281690 the members of the society that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01051-00281691-00281927 witnessed such abuse are too afraid of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01052-00281928-00282236 being accused of being accomplices it is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01053-00282237-00282443 also believed that witchcraft can be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01054-00282444-00282676 transmitted to children by feeding
y2DSBHE9vhc-01055-00282677-00282929 parents discourage their children from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01056-00282930-00283145 interacting with people believed to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01057-00283146-00283394 witches every year hundreds of people in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01058-00283395-00283580 the Central African Republic are
y2DSBHE9vhc-01059-00283581-00283775 convicted of witchcraft Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01060-00283776-00283958 militias in the Central African Republic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01061-00283959-00284231 have also kidnapped burnt and buried
y2DSBHE9vhc-01062-00284232-00284462 alive women accused of being witches in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01063-00284463-00285059 public ceremonies
y2DSBHE9vhc-01064-00285060-00285702 topic Democratic Republic of the Congo
y2DSBHE9vhc-01065-00285703-00286122 as of 2006 between 25,000 and fifty
y2DSBHE9vhc-01066-00286123-00286387 thousand children in Kinshasa Democratic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01067-00286388-00286617 Republic of the Congo had been accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01068-00286618-00286806 of witchcraft and thrown out of their
y2DSBHE9vhc-01069-00286807-00287082 homes these children have been subjected
y2DSBHE9vhc-01070-00287083-00287362 to often violent abuse during exorcisms
y2DSBHE9vhc-01071-00287363-00287622 sometimes supervised by self-styled
y2DSBHE9vhc-01072-00287623-00287949 religious pastors other pastors and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01073-00287950-00288201 Christian activists strongly oppose such
y2DSBHE9vhc-01074-00288202-00288450 accusations and try to rescue children
y2DSBHE9vhc-01075-00288451-00288729 from their unscrupulous colleagues the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01076-00288730-00288993 usual term for these children as enfants
y2DSBHE9vhc-01077-00288994-00289264 or sears child witches or enfants did
y2DSBHE9vhc-01078-00289265-00289476 sorcerers children accused of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01079-00289477-00290001 in 2002 USAID funded the production of 2
y2DSBHE9vhc-01080-00290002-00290215 short films on the subject made in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01081-00290216-00290478 Kinshasa by journalists Angela Nico ARA
y2DSBHE9vhc-01082-00290479-00290887 and Mike Ormsby in April 2008 in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01083-00290888-00291139 Kinshasa the police arrested 14
y2DSBHE9vhc-01084-00291140-00291399 suspected victims of penis snatching and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01085-00291400-00291597 sorcerers accused of using black magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01086-00291598-00291900 or witchcraft to steal make disappear or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01087-00291901-00292170 shrink men's penises to extort cash for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01088-00292171-00292416 cure a middle wave of panic according to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01089-00292417-00292677 one study the belief in magical warfare
y2DSBHE9vhc-01090-00292678-00293016 technologies such as bulletproofing in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01091-00293017-00293235 the eastern Democratic Republic of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01092-00293236-00293481 Congo serves a group level function as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01093-00293482-00293745 it increases group efficiency in warfare
y2DSBHE9vhc-01094-00293746-00293928 even if it is suboptimal at the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01095-00293929-00294198 individual level the authors of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01096-00294199-00294417 study argue that this is one reason why
y2DSBHE9vhc-01097-00294418-00295120 the belief in witchcraft persists
y2DSBHE9vhc-01098-00295121-00295560 topic Ghana
y2DSBHE9vhc-01099-00295561-00295833 in Ghana women are often accused of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01100-00295834-00296060 witchcraft and attacked by neighbors
y2DSBHE9vhc-01101-00296061-00296346 because of this there exists six witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01102-00296347-00296529 camps in the country where women
y2DSBHE9vhc-01103-00296530-00296788 suspected of being witches can flee for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01104-00296789-00297096 safety the witch camps which exists
y2DSBHE9vhc-01105-00297097-00297285 solely in Ghana are thought to house a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01106-00297286-00297651 total of around 1,000 women some of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01107-00297652-00297817 camps are thought to have been set up
y2DSBHE9vhc-01108-00297818-00298125 over 100 years ago the Ghanaian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01109-00298126-00298359 government has announced that it intends
y2DSBHE9vhc-01110-00298360-00298612 to close the camps arrests were made in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01111-00298613-00298840 an effort to avoid bloodshed seen in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01112-00298841-00299085 Ghana a decade ago when twelve alleged
y2DSBHE9vhc-01113-00299086-00299293 penis Snatchers were beaten to death by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01114-00299294-00299631 moms while it is easy for modern people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01115-00299632-00299907 to dismiss such reports who chenna okiya
y2DSBHE9vhc-01116-00299908-00300126 argues that a belief system in which
y2DSBHE9vhc-01117-00300127-00300330 such magical practices are deemed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01118-00300331-00300603 possible offer many benefits to Africans
y2DSBHE9vhc-01119-00300604-00300906 who hold them for example the belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-01120-00300907-00301254 that a sorcerer has stolen a man's penis
y2DSBHE9vhc-01121-00301255-00301492 functions as an anxiety reduction
y2DSBHE9vhc-01122-00301493-00301677 mechanism for men suffering from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01123-00301678-00301908 impotence while simultaneously providing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01124-00301909-00302143 an explanation that is consistent with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01125-00302144-00302373 African cultural beliefs rather than
y2DSBHE9vhc-01126-00302374-00302622 appealing to Western scientific notions
y2DSBHE9vhc-01127-00302623-00302802 that are tainted by the history of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01128-00302803-00303535 colonialism at least for many Africans
y2DSBHE9vhc-01129-00303536-00303980 topic Kenya
y2DSBHE9vhc-01130-00303981-00304265 it was reported that a mob in Kenya had
y2DSBHE9vhc-01131-00304266-00304457 burned to death at least 11 people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01132-00304458-00305187 accused of witchcraft in 2008
y2DSBHE9vhc-01133-00305188-00305662 topic Malawi
y2DSBHE9vhc-01134-00305663-00305974 in Malawi it is also common practice to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01135-00305975-00306193 accuse children of witchcraft and many
y2DSBHE9vhc-01136-00306194-00306430 children have been abandoned abused and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01137-00306431-00306712 even killed as a result as in other
y2DSBHE9vhc-01138-00306713-00306931 African countries both African
y2DSBHE9vhc-01139-00306932-00307129 traditional healers and their Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01140-00307130-00307345 counterparts are trying to make a living
y2DSBHE9vhc-01141-00307346-00307552 out of exercising children and are
y2DSBHE9vhc-01142-00307553-00307744 actively involved in pointing out
y2DSBHE9vhc-01143-00307745-00308083 children as witches various secular and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01144-00308084-00308305 Christian organizations are combining
y2DSBHE9vhc-01145-00308306-00308512 their efforts to address this problem
y2DSBHE9vhc-01146-00308513-00308758 according to William kam Wamba witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01147-00308759-00308965 and wizards are afraid of money which
y2DSBHE9vhc-01148-00308966-00309304 they consider a rival evil any contact
y2DSBHE9vhc-01149-00309305-00309514 with cash will snap their spell and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01150-00309515-00309832 leave the wizard naked and confused so
y2DSBHE9vhc-01151-00309833-00310087 placing cash such as kwacha around a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01152-00310088-00310282 room or bed mat will protect the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01153-00310283-00310935 resident from their malevolent spells
y2DSBHE9vhc-01154-00310936-00311418 topic Nigeria
y2DSBHE9vhc-01155-00311419-00311742 in Nigeria several Pentecostal pastors
y2DSBHE9vhc-01156-00311743-00311955 have mixed their evangelical brand of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01157-00311956-00312186 Christianity with African beliefs in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01158-00312187-00312399 witchcraft to benefit from the lucrative
y2DSBHE9vhc-01159-00312400-00312624 witch finding and exorcism business
y2DSBHE9vhc-01160-00312625-00312852 which in the past was the exclusive
y2DSBHE9vhc-01161-00312853-00313110 domain of the so-called witch doctor our
y2DSBHE9vhc-01162-00313111-00313416 traditional healers these pastors have
y2DSBHE9vhc-01163-00313417-00313629 been involved in the torturing and even
y2DSBHE9vhc-01164-00313630-00313800 killing of children accused of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01165-00313801-00313884 witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01166-00313885-00314235 over the past decade around 15,000
y2DSBHE9vhc-01167-00314236-00314439 children have been accused and around
y2DSBHE9vhc-01168-00314440-00314781 1000 murdered churches are very numerous
y2DSBHE9vhc-01169-00314782-00315024 in Nigeria and competition for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01170-00315025-00315330 congregations is hard some pastors
y2DSBHE9vhc-01171-00315331-00315546 attempt to establish a reputation for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01172-00315547-00315885 spiritual power by detecting child
y2DSBHE9vhc-01173-00315886-00316131 witches usually following a death or a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01174-00316132-00316353 loss of a job within a family or an
y2DSBHE9vhc-01175-00316354-00316590 accusation of financial fraud against
y2DSBHE9vhc-01176-00316591-00316955 the pastor in the course of exorcisms
y2DSBHE9vhc-01177-00316956-00317238 accused children may be starved beaten
y2DSBHE9vhc-01178-00317239-00317562 mutilated set on fire forced to consume
y2DSBHE9vhc-01179-00317563-00317895 acid or cement or buried alive while
y2DSBHE9vhc-01180-00317896-00318078 some church leaders and Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01181-00318079-00318279 activists have spoken out strongly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01182-00318280-00318543 against these abuses many Nigerian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01183-00318544-00318744 churches are involved in the abuse
y2DSBHE9vhc-01184-00318745-00318966 although church administrations deny
y2DSBHE9vhc-01185-00318967-00319492 knowledge of it
y2DSBHE9vhc-01186-00319493-00320001 topic Sierra Leone
y2DSBHE9vhc-01187-00320002-00320310 among the men of Sierra Leone trial and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01188-00320311-00320487 conviction for witchcraft has a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01189-00320488-00320712 beneficial effect for those convicted
y2DSBHE9vhc-01190-00320713-00320946 the Witchfinder had warned the whole
y2DSBHE9vhc-01191-00320947-00321150 village to ensure the relative
y2DSBHE9vhc-01192-00321151-00321574 prosperity of the accused and sentenced
y2DSBHE9vhc-01193-00321575-00321846 old people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01194-00321847-00322252 six months later all of the people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01195-00322253-00322570 accused were secure well-fed and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01196-00322571-00322792 arguably happier than at any previous
y2DSBHE9vhc-01197-00322793-00323065 time they had hardly to beckon and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01198-00323066-00323281 people would come with food or whatever
y2DSBHE9vhc-01199-00323282-00323534 was needful
y2DSBHE9vhc-01200-00323535-00323816 instead of such old and widowed people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01201-00323817-00324104 being left helpless or as in Western
y2DSBHE9vhc-01202-00324105-00324377 society institutionalized in old
y2DSBHE9vhc-01203-00324378-00324503 people's homes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01204-00324504-00324776 these were reintegrated into society and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01205-00324777-00325123 left secure in their old age
y2DSBHE9vhc-01206-00325124-00325438 old people are suitable candidates for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01207-00325439-00325666 this kind of accusation in the sense
y2DSBHE9vhc-01208-00325667-00325849 that they are isolated and vulnerable
y2DSBHE9vhc-01209-00325850-00326137 and they are suitable candidates for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01210-00326138-00326422 Social Security for precisely the same
y2DSBHE9vhc-01211-00326423-00326808 reasons in quran KO lang which the term
y2DSBHE9vhc-01212-00326809-00327052 for witchcraft is so ye referring to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01213-00327053-00327722 extraordinary powers
y2DSBHE9vhc-01214-00327723-00328183 topic Tanzania
y2DSBHE9vhc-01215-00328184-00328541 in Tanzania in 2008 President Kikwete a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01216-00328542-00328768 publicly condemned witch doctors for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01217-00328769-00328940 killing albinos for their body parts
y2DSBHE9vhc-01218-00328941-00329291 which are thought to bring good luck 25
y2DSBHE9vhc-01219-00329292-00329550 albinos have been murdered since March
y2DSBHE9vhc-01220-00329551-00329920 2007 in Tanzania albinos are often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01221-00329921-00330106 murdered for their body parts on the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01222-00330107-00330317 advice of witch doctors in order to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01223-00330318-00330508 produce powerful amulets that are
y2DSBHE9vhc-01224-00330509-00330676 believed to protect against witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01225-00330677-00331408 and make the owner prosper in life
y2DSBHE9vhc-01226-00331409-00332209 topic Americas
y2DSBHE9vhc-01227-00332210-00332700 topic Caribbean
y2DSBHE9vhc-01228-00332701-00332997 Brugha as an afro-caribbean religion and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01229-00332998-00333201 healing tradition that originates in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01230-00333202-00333468 Aruba Bonaire and curaçao in the Dutch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01231-00333469-00333777 Caribbean a healer in this culture is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01232-00333778-00334056 called a curio so or Corrado a man or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01233-00334057-00334287 woman who performs tribute cheeky little
y2DSBHE9vhc-01234-00334288-00334584 works and Trevor grandi large treatments
y2DSBHE9vhc-01235-00334585-00334794 to promote or restore health bring
y2DSBHE9vhc-01236-00334795-00334998 fortune or misfortune deal with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01237-00334999-00335202 unrequited love and more serious
y2DSBHE9vhc-01238-00335203-00335513 concerns in which sorcery is involved
y2DSBHE9vhc-01239-00335514-00335826 sorcery usually involves reference to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01240-00335827-00336035 the Alma soul are hammered chikki a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01241-00336036-00336315 devil like entity transcultural
y2DSBHE9vhc-01242-00336316-00336548 psychiatry published a paper called
y2DSBHE9vhc-01243-00336549-00336762 traditional healing practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-01244-00336763-00337089 originating in Aruba Bonaire and curaçao
y2DSBHE9vhc-01245-00337090-00337385 a review of the literature on psychiatry
y2DSBHE9vhc-01246-00337386-00337773 and Breuer by Jan Dirk Blum big Marty
y2DSBHE9vhc-01247-00337774-00337842 Kulina
y2DSBHE9vhc-01248-00337843-00338145 Trevor elv angelica and hans w hook of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01249-00338146-00338516 the parnassia Psychiatric Institute
y2DSBHE9vhc-01250-00338517-00338832 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-01251-00338833-00339377 topic colonial North America
y2DSBHE9vhc-01252-00339378-00339736 in 1645 Springfield Massachusetts
y2DSBHE9vhc-01253-00339737-00339971 experienced America's first accusations
y2DSBHE9vhc-01254-00339972-00340262 of witchcraft when husband and wife Hugh
y2DSBHE9vhc-01255-00340263-00340478 and Mary Parsons accused each other of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01256-00340479-00340775 witchcraft at America's first witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01257-00340776-00341033 trial Hugh was found innocent while Mary
y2DSBHE9vhc-01258-00341034-00341210 was acquitted of witchcraft but
y2DSBHE9vhc-01259-00341211-00341387 sentenced to be hanged for the death of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01260-00341388-00341825 her child she died in prison from 1645
y2DSBHE9vhc-01261-00341826-00342152 to 1663 about 80 people throughout
y2DSBHE9vhc-01262-00342153-00342404 England's Massachusetts Bay Colony were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01263-00342405-00342722 accused of practicing witchcraft 13
y2DSBHE9vhc-01264-00342723-00342980 women and 2 men were executed in a witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01265-00342981-00343154 hunt that lasted throughout New England
y2DSBHE9vhc-01266-00343155-00343618 from 1645 to 1663 the Salem witch trials
y2DSBHE9vhc-01267-00343619-00344081 followed in 1692 to 93 these witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01268-00344082-00344312 trials were the most famous in British
y2DSBHE9vhc-01269-00344313-00344528 North America and took place in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01270-00344529-00344711 coastal settlements near Salem
y2DSBHE9vhc-01271-00344712-00345065 Massachusetts prior to the witch trials
y2DSBHE9vhc-01272-00345066-00345302 nearly 300 men and women had been
y2DSBHE9vhc-01273-00345303-00345536 suspected of partaking in witchcraft and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01274-00345537-00345773 19 of these people were hanged and one
y2DSBHE9vhc-01275-00345774-00346037 was pressed to death the Salem witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01276-00346038-00346271 trials were a series of hearings before
y2DSBHE9vhc-01277-00346272-00346514 local magistrates followed by County
y2DSBHE9vhc-01278-00346515-00346769 Court trials to prosecute people accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01279-00346770-00346988 of witchcraft in Essex Suffolk and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01280-00346989-00347174 Middlesex counties of colonial
y2DSBHE9vhc-01281-00347175-00347504 Massachusetts between February 1692 and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01282-00347505-00347993 May 1693 over 150 people were arrested
y2DSBHE9vhc-01283-00347994-00348227 and imprisoned with even more accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01284-00348228-00348419 who were not formally pursued by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01285-00348420-00348767 authorities the two courts convicted 29
y2DSBHE9vhc-01286-00348768-00348959 people of the capital felony of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01287-00348960-00349057 witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01288-00349058-00349424 19 of the accused 14 women and five men
y2DSBHE9vhc-01289-00349425-00349757 were hanged one man who refused to enter
y2DSBHE9vhc-01290-00349758-00349967 a plea was crushed to death under heavy
y2DSBHE9vhc-01291-00349968-00350198 stones in an attempt to force him to do
y2DSBHE9vhc-01292-00350199-00350510 so at least five more of the accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01293-00350511-00350703 died in prison
y2DSBHE9vhc-01294-00350704-00350937 despite being generally known as the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01295-00350938-00351267 Salem witch trials the preliminary
y2DSBHE9vhc-01296-00351268-00351576 hearings in 1692 were conducted in a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01297-00351577-00351771 variety of towns across the province
y2DSBHE9vhc-01298-00351772-00352083 Salem Village now Danvers Salem town
y2DSBHE9vhc-01299-00352084-00352401 hips which and Andover the best-known
y2DSBHE9vhc-01300-00352402-00352617 trials were conducted by the court of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01301-00352618-00352974 ore and terminer in 1692 in Salem town
y2DSBHE9vhc-01302-00352975-00353322 all 26 who went to trial before this
y2DSBHE9vhc-01303-00353323-00353619 Court were convicted the four sessions
y2DSBHE9vhc-01304-00353620-00353852 of the Superior Court of Judicature in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01305-00353853-00354213 1693 held in Salem town but also in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01306-00354214-00354489 Ipswich Boston and Charlestown produced
y2DSBHE9vhc-01307-00354490-00354717 only three convictions in the thirty-one
y2DSBHE9vhc-01308-00354718-00355044 Witchcraft Trials it conducted likewise
y2DSBHE9vhc-01309-00355045-00355314 alleged witchcraft was not isolated to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01310-00355315-00355668 New England in 1706 grace Sherwood the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01311-00355669-00355971 witch of Pongo was imprisoned for the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01312-00355972-00356184 crime in Princess Anne County Virginia
y2DSBHE9vhc-01313-00356185-00356538 in Maryland there is a legend of Moll
y2DSBHE9vhc-01314-00356539-00356799 Dyer who escaped a fire set by fellow
y2DSBHE9vhc-01315-00356800-00357057 colonists only to die of exposure in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01316-00357058-00357465 December 16 97 the historical record of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01317-00357466-00357708 Dyer is scant as all official records
y2DSBHE9vhc-01318-00357709-00357918 were burned in a courthouse fire though
y2DSBHE9vhc-01319-00357919-00358155 the County Courthouse has on display the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01320-00358156-00358404 rock where her frozen body was found a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01321-00358405-00358680 letter from a colonist of the period
y2DSBHE9vhc-01322-00358681-00358941 describes her in most unfavorable terms
y2DSBHE9vhc-01323-00358942-00359301 a local Road is named after Dyer where
y2DSBHE9vhc-01324-00359302-00359595 her homestead was said to have been many
y2DSBHE9vhc-01325-00359596-00359835 local families have their own version of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01326-00359836-00360045 the mall dire affair and her name is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01327-00360046-00360258 spoken with care in the rural southern
y2DSBHE9vhc-01328-00360259-00360513 counties accusations of Witchcraft and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01329-00360514-00360753 Wizardry led to the prosecution of a man
y2DSBHE9vhc-01330-00360754-00361152 in Tennessee as recently as 1833 the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01331-00361153-00361335 crucible by Arthur Miller as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01332-00361336-00361572 dramatized and partially fictionalized
y2DSBHE9vhc-01333-00361573-00361818 story of the Salem witch trials that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01334-00361819-00362010 took place in the Massachusetts Bay
y2DSBHE9vhc-01335-00362011-00362781 Colony during 1692 to 93
y2DSBHE9vhc-01336-00362782-00363300 topic Danae Navajo
y2DSBHE9vhc-01337-00363301-00363579 in Danai culture witches are seen as the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01338-00363580-00363798 polar opposite of ceremonial people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01339-00363799-00364159 while spiritual leaders perform sings
y2DSBHE9vhc-01340-00364160-00364409 for healing protection and other
y2DSBHE9vhc-01341-00364410-00364644 beneficial purposes all practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-01342-00364645-00364983 referred to as witchcraft are intended
y2DSBHE9vhc-01343-00364984-00365274 to hurt and curse witches are associated
y2DSBHE9vhc-01344-00365275-00365433 with harm to the community and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01345-00365434-00365637 transgression of societal standards
y2DSBHE9vhc-01346-00365638-00365885 especially those relating to family and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01347-00365886-00366207 the dead the yenaldooshi is the type of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01348-00366208-00366494 witch known in English as a skinwalker
y2DSBHE9vhc-01349-00366495-00366768 they are believed to take the forms of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01350-00366769-00367026 animals in order to travel in secret and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01351-00367027-00367305 do harm to the innocent in the Navajo
y2DSBHE9vhc-01352-00367306-00367620 language yenaldooshi translates to with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01353-00367621-00367956 it he goes on all fours while perhaps
y2DSBHE9vhc-01354-00367957-00368214 the most common variety seen in horror
y2DSBHE9vhc-01355-00368215-00368442 fiction by non Navajo people the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01356-00368443-00368652 yenaldooshi as one of several varieties
y2DSBHE9vhc-01357-00368653-00368937 of Navajo which specifically a type of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01358-00368938-00369180 anti honey corpse powder or corpse
y2DSBHE9vhc-01359-00369181-00369599 poison Navajo ante literally witchery or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01360-00369600-00369879 harming is a substance made from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01361-00369880-00370184 powdered corpses the powder is used by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01362-00370185-00370422 witches to curse their victims the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01363-00370423-00370638 effect of the ante as a curse and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01364-00370639-00370854 disease usually indicated by an
y2DSBHE9vhc-01365-00370855-00371070 immediate action to administration of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01366-00371071-00371295 the poison like fainting swelling of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01367-00371296-00371655 tongue or lockjaw sometimes however the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01368-00371656-00371904 victim simply wastes away as from a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01369-00371905-00372231 normal disease traditional Navajos
y2DSBHE9vhc-01370-00372232-00372465 usually hesitate to discuss things like
y2DSBHE9vhc-01371-00372466-00373193 witches and witchcraft with non Navajos
y2DSBHE9vhc-01372-00373194-00373788 topic North America Mexico
y2DSBHE9vhc-01373-00373789-00374067 witchcraft was also an important part of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01374-00374068-00374292 the social and cultural history of late
y2DSBHE9vhc-01375-00374293-00374520 colonial Mexico during the Mexican
y2DSBHE9vhc-01376-00374521-00374841 Inquisition Spanish inquisitors viewed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01377-00374842-00375042 witchcraft as a problem that could be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01378-00375043-00375356 cured simply through confession yet as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01379-00375357-00375567 anthropologist Ruth Behar writes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01380-00375568-00375846 witchcraft not only in Mexico but in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01381-00375847-00376041 Latin America in general was a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01382-00376042-00376383 conjecture of sexuality witchcraft and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01383-00376384-00376686 religion in which Spanish indigenous and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01384-00376687-00377064 African cultures converged furthermore
y2DSBHE9vhc-01385-00377065-00377331 witchcraft in Mexico generally required
y2DSBHE9vhc-01386-00377332-00378006 an inter-ethnic and inter-confessional
y2DSBHE9vhc-01387-00378007-00378303 witchcraft in colonial Mexico ultimately
y2DSBHE9vhc-01388-00378304-00378584 represented an affirmation of hegemony
y2DSBHE9vhc-01389-00378585-00378915 for women Indians and especially Indian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01390-00378916-00379143 women over their white male counterparts
y2DSBHE9vhc-01391-00379144-00379344 as a result of the caste system in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01392-00379345-00379584 modern history notoriety has been
y2DSBHE9vhc-01393-00379585-00379824 awarded to a place called Catemaco in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01394-00379825-00380013 the state of Veracruz which has a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01395-00380014-00380211 history of witchcraft and where the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01396-00380212-00380433 practice of witchcraft by contemporary
y2DSBHE9vhc-01397-00380434-00380799 brujos and brujas thrives in Mexico City
y2DSBHE9vhc-01398-00380800-00381066 people who practice Brujeria Santeria
y2DSBHE9vhc-01399-00381067-00381381 voodoo ocultism and magic may find items
y2DSBHE9vhc-01400-00381382-00381609 herbs and supplies at the mercado de
y2DSBHE9vhc-01401-00381610-00382104 Senora
y2DSBHE9vhc-01402-00382105-00382687 topic South America Brazil
y2DSBHE9vhc-01403-00382688-00382945 in Chile there is a tradition of the Cal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01404-00382946-00383143 coup in Mapuche a religion and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01405-00383144-00383380 Warlocks of chiloé in the folklore and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01406-00383381-00383716 Shi Lotte mythology the presence of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01407-00383717-00383896 witch is a constant in the ethnographic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01408-00383897-00384133 history of colonial Brazil especially
y2DSBHE9vhc-01409-00384134-00384391 during the several denunciations and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01410-00384392-00384619 confessions given to the Congregation
y2DSBHE9vhc-01411-00384620-00384840 for the Doctrine of the Faith of Bahia
y2DSBHE9vhc-01412-00384841-00385378 1591 to 1593 Pernambuco and par eva 1593
y2DSBHE9vhc-01413-00385379-00385741 to 1595 brazil has been presented as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01414-00385742-00385960 major site of witchcraft both during
y2DSBHE9vhc-01415-00385961-00386196 colonization and in the modern world
y2DSBHE9vhc-01416-00386197-00386527 during colonization Brazil was seen as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01417-00386528-00386704 the land of the devil due to its
y2DSBHE9vhc-01418-00386705-00387019 immaturity any place that had not yet
y2DSBHE9vhc-01419-00387020-00387244 received the Word of God was seen to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01420-00387245-00387487 populated by demons and it was the goal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01421-00387488-00387703 of the Portuguese to save the souls of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01422-00387704-00387927 the indigenous people from these demons
y2DSBHE9vhc-01423-00387928-00388228 this desire largely influenced the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01424-00388229-00388453 Portuguese Inquisition which targeted
y2DSBHE9vhc-01425-00388454-00388711 sorcerers and sorceress is in Brazil up
y2DSBHE9vhc-01426-00388712-00389119 until 1821 witchcraft presented itself
y2DSBHE9vhc-01427-00389120-00389320 in many different ways within Brazil
y2DSBHE9vhc-01428-00389321-00389593 from Cologne new drums and ceremonies to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01429-00389594-00389910 bolsas demand Inga and cartas de tocar
y2DSBHE9vhc-01430-00389911-00390241 Kalu new ceremony was a very important
y2DSBHE9vhc-01431-00390242-00390436 part of African religion within the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01432-00390437-00390733 Portuguese colonies the ceremonies
y2DSBHE9vhc-01433-00390734-00390943 themselves were said to have a part in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01434-00390944-00391165 healing people attributed both to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01435-00391166-00391363 music of the Kalu new drums and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01436-00391364-00391657 herbs that were utilized the drums were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01437-00391658-00391858 played during these rituals and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01438-00391859-00392116 participants danced drank chickens blood
y2DSBHE9vhc-01439-00392117-00392388 and applied skin paint sometimes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01440-00392389-00392635 physical representations of Saint
y2DSBHE9vhc-01441-00392636-00392827 Anthony a symbol of healing in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01442-00392828-00393085 Christianity were utilized as well as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01443-00393086-00393409 figures known as in kisi they were often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01444-00393410-00393628 a last resort for those seeking to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01445-00393629-00393847 healed which included some white people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01446-00393848-00394054 who would later attempt to cover up any
y2DSBHE9vhc-01447-00394055-00394378 association with the ceremony labeled
y2DSBHE9vhc-01448-00394379-00394618 witchcraft by the Portuguese Inquisition
y2DSBHE9vhc-01449-00394619-00394819 punishments for calendar rows the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01450-00394820-00395044 leaders of ceremonies and the players of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01451-00395045-00395256 the drums were extremely harsh
y2DSBHE9vhc-01452-00395257-00395539 aside from possible fines they also
y2DSBHE9vhc-01453-00395540-00395785 faced torture and banishment the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01454-00395786-00396028 practice was driven far underground by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01455-00396029-00396059 the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01456-00396060-00396287 punishments eventually resulting in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01457-00396288-00396506 complete elimination of kowloon due from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01458-00396507-00396776 the historical record it lives on in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01459-00396777-00396986 other drum based rituals found
y2DSBHE9vhc-01460-00396987-00397181 throughout Brazil but the label of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01461-00397182-00397385 witchcraft place upon the kowloon do
y2DSBHE9vhc-01462-00397386-00397736 spelled its end while also targeting the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01463-00397737-00397961 practices of the African people within
y2DSBHE9vhc-01464-00397962-00398210 Brazil as a whole the Inquisition also
y2DSBHE9vhc-01465-00398211-00398552 targeted specific individuals one such
y2DSBHE9vhc-01466-00398553-00398837 individual was Maria Barbosa an accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01467-00398838-00399071 sorceress who lived in Bahia for many
y2DSBHE9vhc-01468-00399072-00399320 years and was largely accused by people
y2DSBHE9vhc-01469-00399321-00399617 from this area she was a part of being
y2DSBHE9vhc-01470-00399618-00399839 of both black and white heritage who
y2DSBHE9vhc-01471-00399840-00400166 practiced sorcery wherever she went even
y2DSBHE9vhc-01472-00400167-00400430 during her banishment of Angola she was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01473-00400431-00400669 labeled a sorceress and publicly flogged
y2DSBHE9vhc-01474-00400670-00401066 by 1610 she was in Bahia and witnesses
y2DSBHE9vhc-01475-00401067-00401303 explained to Bishop Dom Constantino
y2DSBHE9vhc-01476-00401304-00401516 bharata's that she did not attend Mass
y2DSBHE9vhc-01477-00401517-00401768 worked on Sundays and Saints days and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01478-00401769-00402074 that she was a prostitute sorcery and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01479-00402075-00402302 prostitutions were closely linked at
y2DSBHE9vhc-01480-00402303-00402494 this time and by accusing her of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01481-00402495-00402698 essentially running a brothel she was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01482-00402699-00402893 ultimately labeled a sorceress by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01483-00402894-00403310 default by 1611 she was in jail winning
y2DSBHE9vhc-01484-00403311-00403514 over other prisoners by performing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01485-00403515-00403591 spells
y2DSBHE9vhc-01486-00403592-00403829 aside from her being an accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01487-00403830-00404063 sorceress and prostitute she was also
y2DSBHE9vhc-01488-00404064-00404300 labeled a procuress for taking in young
y2DSBHE9vhc-01489-00404301-00404570 girls and leading them astray these
y2DSBHE9vhc-01490-00404571-00404843 three labels thrust upon her resulted in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01491-00404844-00405203 her banishment from Bahia Manuel jawoll
y2DSBHE9vhc-01492-00405204-00405458 was another accused and prosecuted under
y2DSBHE9vhc-01493-00405459-00405812 the Portuguese Inquisition in 1668 at
y2DSBHE9vhc-01494-00405813-00406094 the age of 17 jawoll was arrested on
y2DSBHE9vhc-01495-00406095-00406301 suspicion of having made a pact with a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01496-00406302-00406625 demon upon his arrest he was found to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01497-00406626-00406859 have a bolsa de Mandinga around his neck
y2DSBHE9vhc-01498-00406860-00407081 which contained a paper with prayers on
y2DSBHE9vhc-01499-00407082-00407114 it
y2DSBHE9vhc-01500-00407115-00407357 drawings and a bone among other things
y2DSBHE9vhc-01501-00407358-00407618 bole says demanding de were commonly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01502-00407619-00407864 used to indicate one was a witch or had
y2DSBHE9vhc-01503-00407865-00408503 some connection to demons
y2DSBHE9vhc-01504-00408504-00409274 topic Asia
y2DSBHE9vhc-01505-00409275-00409741 topic India
y2DSBHE9vhc-01506-00409742-00410022 belief in the supernatural is strong in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01507-00410024-00410242 all parts of India and lynchings for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01508-00410243-00410422 witchcraft are reported in the press
y2DSBHE9vhc-01509-00410422-00410863 from time to time around 750 people were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01510-00410864-00411046 killed as witches in Assam and West
y2DSBHE9vhc-01511-00411047-00411547 Bengal between 2003 and 2008 officials
y2DSBHE9vhc-01512-00411547-00411772 in the state of Chhattisgarh reported in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01513-00411772-00412054 2008 that at least 100 women are
y2DSBHE9vhc-01514-00412055-00412291 maltreated annually as suspected witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01515-00412292-00412630 a local activist stated that only a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01516-00412631-00412888 fraction of cases of abuse are reported
y2DSBHE9vhc-01517-00412889-00413206 in Indian mythology a common perception
y2DSBHE9vhc-01518-00413207-00413404 of a witch is of being with her feet
y2DSBHE9vhc-01519-00413405-00413987 pointed backwards
y2DSBHE9vhc-01520-00413988-00414449 topic Nepal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01521-00414450-00414664 apart from other types of violence
y2DSBHE9vhc-01522-00414666-00414884 against women in Nepal the malpractice
y2DSBHE9vhc-01523-00414885-00415070 of abusing women in the name of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01524-00415071-00415333 witchcraft is also really prominent
y2DSBHE9vhc-01525-00415334-00415631 according to the statistics in 2013
y2DSBHE9vhc-01526-00415632-00415913 there was a total of 69 reported cases
y2DSBHE9vhc-01527-00415914-00416168 of abuse to women due to accusation of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01528-00416168-00416459 performing witchcraft the perpetrators
y2DSBHE9vhc-01529-00416460-00416647 of this malpractice are usually
y2DSBHE9vhc-01530-00416649-00416879 neighbors so-called witch doctors and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01531-00416880-00417179 family members the main causes of these
y2DSBHE9vhc-01532-00417180-00417404 mal practices are a lack of education
y2DSBHE9vhc-01533-00417405-00417652 lack of awareness and superstition
y2DSBHE9vhc-01534-00417653-00417917 according to the statistics by insect
y2DSBHE9vhc-01535-00417918-00418147 the age group of women who fall victims
y2DSBHE9vhc-01536-00418149-00418391 to the witchcraft violence in Nepal as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01537-00418392-00418951 20 to 40
y2DSBHE9vhc-01538-00418952-00419403 topic Japan
y2DSBHE9vhc-01539-00419404-00419683 in Japanese folklore the most common
y2DSBHE9vhc-01540-00419684-00419920 types of which can be separated into two
y2DSBHE9vhc-01541-00419921-00420160 categories those who employ snakes as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01542-00420160-00420418 familiars and those who employ foxes the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01543-00420418-00420664 Fox which as by far the most commonly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01544-00420664-00420985 seen which figure in Japan differing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01545-00420985-00421246 regional beliefs set those who use foxes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01546-00421247-00421459 into two separate types the kitsune
y2DSBHE9vhc-01547-00421460-00421783 mochi and the tsukumo no suji the first
y2DSBHE9vhc-01548-00421784-00422064 of these the kitsune mochi is a solitary
y2DSBHE9vhc-01549-00422066-00422308 figure who gains his Fox familiar by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01550-00422309-00422589 bribing it with its favorite foods the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01551-00422591-00422818 kitsune mochi then strikes up a deal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01552-00422818-00423064 with the Fox typically promising food
y2DSBHE9vhc-01553-00423064-00423301 and daily care in return for the fox's
y2DSBHE9vhc-01554-00423302-00423628 magical services the Fox of Japanese
y2DSBHE9vhc-01555-00423629-00423862 folklore as a powerful trickster in and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01556-00423863-00424068 of itself imbued with powers of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01557-00424070-00424309 shape-changing possession and illusion
y2DSBHE9vhc-01558-00424310-00424612 these creatures can be either nefarious
y2DSBHE9vhc-01559-00424613-00424846 disguising themselves as women in order
y2DSBHE9vhc-01560-00424847-00425113 to trap men or they can be benign forces
y2DSBHE9vhc-01561-00425114-00425412 as in the story of the grateful foxes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01562-00425413-00425737 however once a fox enters the employ of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01563-00425738-00425989 a human it almost exclusively becomes a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01564-00425989-00426307 force of evil to be feared a fox under
y2DSBHE9vhc-01565-00426308-00426522 the employ of a human can provide many
y2DSBHE9vhc-01566-00426524-00426871 services the Fox can turn invisible and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01567-00426872-00427189 find secrets its master desires it can
y2DSBHE9vhc-01568-00427189-00427417 apply its many powers of illusion to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01569-00427418-00427632 trick and deceive its masters enemies
y2DSBHE9vhc-01570-00427633-00427918 the most feared power of the kitsune
y2DSBHE9vhc-01571-00427918-00428164 mochi has the ability to command his Fox
y2DSBHE9vhc-01572-00428164-00428497 to possess other humans this process of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01573-00428497-00428833 possession is called Kitson Itsuki by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01574-00428834-00429093 far the most commonly reported cases of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01575-00429095-00429337 Fox witchcraft in modern Japan are
y2DSBHE9vhc-01576-00429338-00429624 enacted by tsukemono soo-ji families or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01577-00429625-00430012 hereditary witches the tsukumo no suji
y2DSBHE9vhc-01578-00430013-00430197 is traditionally a family who is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01579-00430199-00430389 reported to have foxes under their
y2DSBHE9vhc-01580-00430391-00430717 employ these foxes serve the family and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01581-00430718-00430893 are passed down through the generations
y2DSBHE9vhc-01582-00430893-00431151 typically through the female line
y2DSBHE9vhc-01583-00431152-00431470 tsukemono suji foxes are able to supply
y2DSBHE9vhc-01584-00431471-00431697 much in the way of the same mystical aid
y2DSBHE9vhc-01585-00431699-00431899 that the Fox is under the employ of a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01586-00431900-00432103 kitsune mochi can provide its more
y2DSBHE9vhc-01587-00432104-00432418 solitary master with in addition to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01588-00432418-00432676 these powers if the foxes are kept happy
y2DSBHE9vhc-01589-00432677-00432787 and well taken
y2DSBHE9vhc-01590-00432788-00432993 they bring great fortune and prosperity
y2DSBHE9vhc-01591-00432995-00433245 to the tsukemono soo-ji house
y2DSBHE9vhc-01592-00433246-00433513 however the aid in which these foxes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01593-00433514-00433777 give is often overshadowed by the social
y2DSBHE9vhc-01594-00433778-00433987 and mystical implications of being a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01595-00433988-00434275 member of such a family in many villages
y2DSBHE9vhc-01596-00434276-00434563 the status of local families as tsukumo
y2DSBHE9vhc-01597-00434564-00434779 no suji is often common everyday
y2DSBHE9vhc-01598-00434780-00435097 knowledge such families are respected
y2DSBHE9vhc-01599-00435097-00435330 and feared but are also openly shunned
y2DSBHE9vhc-01600-00435331-00435660 due to its hereditary nature the status
y2DSBHE9vhc-01601-00435662-00435907 of being tsukumo no suji is considered
y2DSBHE9vhc-01602-00435908-00436218 contagious because of this it is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01603-00436220-00436432 impossible for members of such a family
y2DSBHE9vhc-01604-00436433-00436684 to sell land or other properties due to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01605-00436685-00436888 fear that the possession of such items
y2DSBHE9vhc-01606-00436889-00437125 will cause foxes to inundate one's own
y2DSBHE9vhc-01607-00437126-00437422 home in addition to this because the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01608-00437422-00437620 foxes are believed to be passed down
y2DSBHE9vhc-01609-00437621-00437814 through the female line it is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01610-00437816-00438039 nearly impossible for women of such
y2DSBHE9vhc-01611-00438041-00438283 families to find a husband whose family
y2DSBHE9vhc-01612-00438284-00438445 will agree to have him married to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01613-00438446-00438799 tsukumo no suji family in such a union
y2DSBHE9vhc-01614-00438800-00439057 the woman's status as a tsukumo no suji
y2DSBHE9vhc-01615-00439058-00439270 would transfer to any man who married
y2DSBHE9vhc-01616-00439271-00439757 her
y2DSBHE9vhc-01617-00439758-00440216 topic Philippines
y2DSBHE9vhc-01618-00440217-00440510 witchcraft in the Philippines is often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01619-00440511-00440691 classified as malevolent with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01620-00440692-00440904 practitioners of black magic called
y2DSBHE9vhc-01621-00440905-00441137 mong-koo coulomb in tagalog and mom baba
y2DSBHE9vhc-01622-00441138-00441314 rang in sawano there are also
y2DSBHE9vhc-01623-00441314-00441579 practitioners of benevolent white magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01624-00441580-00441797 in addition to some who practice both
y2DSBHE9vhc-01625-00441797-00442101 mom Baba rang in particular are noted
y2DSBHE9vhc-01626-00442102-00442332 for their ability to command insects and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01627-00442333-00442530 other invertebrates to accomplish a task
y2DSBHE9vhc-01628-00442531-00442864 such as delivering a curse to a target
y2DSBHE9vhc-01629-00442865-00443139 magic and witchcraft in the Philippines
y2DSBHE9vhc-01630-00443139-00443391 varies considerably across the different
y2DSBHE9vhc-01631-00443392-00443627 ethnic groups and is commonly a modern
y2DSBHE9vhc-01632-00443628-00443831 manifestation of pre-colonial
y2DSBHE9vhc-01633-00443832-00444081 spirituality inter woven with Catholic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01634-00444082-00444258 religious elements such as the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01635-00444259-00444447 invocation of saints and the use of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01636-00444447-00444756 pseudo Latin prayers or ASEAN in spells
y2DSBHE9vhc-01637-00444757-00445045 and an ting an ting amulets
y2DSBHE9vhc-01638-00445046-00445272 practitioners of traditional herbal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01639-00445272-00445503 based medicine and divination called al
y2DSBHE9vhc-01640-00445504-00445827 Valerio are not considered witches they
y2DSBHE9vhc-01641-00445828-00446060 are perceived to be either quack doctors
y2DSBHE9vhc-01642-00446061-00446337 or a quasi magical option when Western
y2DSBHE9vhc-01643-00446338-00446601 medicine fails to identify or cure an
y2DSBHE9vhc-01644-00446602-00446816 ailment that is the suspected to be of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01645-00446817-00447089 supernatural often malevolent origin
y2DSBHE9vhc-01646-00447089-00447420 feng shui an influence of Filipino
y2DSBHE9vhc-01647-00447421-00447689 Chinese culture is also not classified
y2DSBHE9vhc-01648-00447690-00447897 as witchcraft as it is considered a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01649-00447897-00448556 separate realm of belief altogether
y2DSBHE9vhc-01650-00448557-00449080 topic Saudi Arabia
y2DSBHE9vhc-01651-00449081-00449364 Saudi Arabia continues to use the death
y2DSBHE9vhc-01652-00449366-00449693 penalty for sorcery and witchcraft in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01653-00449695-00450004 2006 fahza fella Muhammad Ali was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01654-00450005-00450181 condemned to death for practicing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01655-00450182-00450487 witchcraft there is no legal definition
y2DSBHE9vhc-01656-00450488-00450793 of sorcery in Saudi but in 2007 an
y2DSBHE9vhc-01657-00450793-00451000 egyptian pharmacist working there was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01658-00451001-00451335 accused convicted and executed Saudi
y2DSBHE9vhc-01659-00451337-00451552 authorities also pronounced the death
y2DSBHE9vhc-01660-00451553-00451756 penalty on a Lebanese television
y2DSBHE9vhc-01661-00451757-00451999 presenter Ali Hussain Sibbett while he
y2DSBHE9vhc-01662-00452000-00452191 was performing the Hajj Islamic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01663-00452192-00452506 pilgrimage in the country in 2009 the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01664-00452507-00452707 Saudi authorities set up the anti
y2DSBHE9vhc-01665-00452708-00452905 witchcraft unit of their committee for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01666-00452906-00453046 the promotion of virtue and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01667-00453047-00453421 prevention of Vice police in April 2009
y2DSBHE9vhc-01668-00453422-00453952 a Saudi woman Amina bint Abdulaziz to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01669-00453953-00454147 death for practicing witchcraft and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01670-00454147-00454492 sorcery in December 2011 she was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01671-00454493-00454750 beheaded a Saudi man has been beheaded
y2DSBHE9vhc-01672-00454751-00455010 on charges of sorcery and witchcraft in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01673-00455012-00455329 June 2012 a beheading for sorcery
y2DSBHE9vhc-01674-00455330-00455620 occurred in 2014
y2DSBHE9vhc-01675-00455621-00455934 you
y2DSBHE9vhc-01676-00455935-00456454 topic Syria and Iraq
y2DSBHE9vhc-01677-00456455-00456868 in June 2015 Yahoo reported the Islamic
y2DSBHE9vhc-01678-00456868-00457129 state group has beheaded two women in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01679-00457130-00457564 Syria on accusations of sorcery the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01680-00457564-00457804 first such executions of female
y2DSBHE9vhc-01681-00457805-00458056 civilians in Syria the Syrian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01682-00458057-00458289 Observatory for Human Rights said
y2DSBHE9vhc-01683-00458291-00458504 Tuesday
y2DSBHE9vhc-01684-00458505-00458789 Isis decapitated a man in Iraq over
y2DSBHE9vhc-01685-00458789-00459300 sorcery
y2DSBHE9vhc-01686-00459301-00459784 topic toke Aryans
y2DSBHE9vhc-01687-00459785-00460021 an expedition sent to what is now the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01688-00460022-00460276 shinjang region of western China by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01689-00460277-00460576 PBS documentary series Nova found a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01690-00460577-00460797 fully clothed female toque Aryan mummy
y2DSBHE9vhc-01691-00460799-00461029 wearing a black conical hat of the type
y2DSBHE9vhc-01692-00461030-00461287 now associated with witches in Europe in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01693-00461288-00461545 the storage area of a small local museum
y2DSBHE9vhc-01694-00461546-00462300 indicative of an indo-european priestess
y2DSBHE9vhc-01695-00462301-00462770 topic Europe
y2DSBHE9vhc-01696-00462771-00463055 witchcraft in Europe between 500
y2DSBHE9vhc-01697-00463056-00463293 one-seven-five Oh was believed to be a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01698-00463293-00463617 combination of sorcery and heresy while
y2DSBHE9vhc-01699-00463618-00463835 sorcery attempts to produce negative
y2DSBHE9vhc-01700-00463835-00464067 supernatural effects through formulas
y2DSBHE9vhc-01701-00464068-00464297 and rituals heresy as the Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01702-00464298-00464520 contribution to witchcraft in which an
y2DSBHE9vhc-01703-00464521-00464735 individual makes a pact with the devil
y2DSBHE9vhc-01704-00464737-00465054 in addition heresy denies which is the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01705-00465055-00465239 recognition of important Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01706-00465241-00465539 values such as baptism salvation Christ
y2DSBHE9vhc-01707-00465541-00465810 and sacraments the beginning of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01708-00465810-00466038 witch accusations in Europe took place
y2DSBHE9vhc-01709-00466039-00466335 in the 14th and 15th centuries however
y2DSBHE9vhc-01710-00466335-00466514 as the social disruptions of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01711-00466516-00466767 sixteenth century took place Witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01712-00466768-00467109 Trials intensified in early modern
y2DSBHE9vhc-01713-00467110-00467314 European tradition witches were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01714-00467316-00467489 stereotypically though not exclusively
y2DSBHE9vhc-01715-00467489-00467859 women European pagan belief in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01716-00467860-00468063 witchcraft was associated with the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01717-00468064-00468249 goddess Diana and dismissed as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01718-00468250-00468588 diabolical fantasies by medieval
y2DSBHE9vhc-01719-00468589-00468816 Christian authors witch hunts first
y2DSBHE9vhc-01720-00468817-00469026 appeared in large numbers in southern
y2DSBHE9vhc-01721-00469027-00469278 France and Switzerland during the 14th
y2DSBHE9vhc-01722-00469279-00469610 and 15th centuries the peak years of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01723-00469612-00469835 witch hunts in southwest Germany were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01724-00469837-00470214 from 1561 to 1670 it was commonly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01725-00470214-00470454 believed that individuals with power and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01726-00470455-00470652 prestige were involved in acts of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01727-00470653-00470970 witchcraft and even cannibalism because
y2DSBHE9vhc-01728-00470971-00471147 Europe had a lot of power over
y2DSBHE9vhc-01729-00471147-00471387 individuals living in West Africa
y2DSBHE9vhc-01730-00471388-00471627 Europeans in positions of power were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01731-00471628-00471845 often accused of taking part in these
y2DSBHE9vhc-01732-00471846-00472134 practices though it is not likely that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01733-00472135-00472374 these individuals were actually involved
y2DSBHE9vhc-01734-00472375-00472610 in these practices they were most likely
y2DSBHE9vhc-01735-00472612-00472866 associated due to Europe's involvement
y2DSBHE9vhc-01736-00472867-00473070 in things like the slave trade which
y2DSBHE9vhc-01737-00473071-00473289 negatively affected the lives of many
y2DSBHE9vhc-01738-00473289-00473481 individuals in the Atlantic world
y2DSBHE9vhc-01739-00473482-00473675 throughout the 15th through 17th
y2DSBHE9vhc-01740-00473676-00473939 centuries the familiar witch of folklore
y2DSBHE9vhc-01741-00473941-00474147 and popular superstition as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01742-00474147-00474476 combination of numerous influences the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01743-00474477-00474699 characterization of the witch as an evil
y2DSBHE9vhc-01744-00474700-00475064 magic user developed over time early
y2DSBHE9vhc-01745-00475066-00475281 converts to Christianity looked to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01746-00475282-00475506 Christian clergy to work magic more
y2DSBHE9vhc-01747-00475507-00475716 effectively than the old methods under
y2DSBHE9vhc-01748-00475717-00476007 Roman paganism and Christianity provided
y2DSBHE9vhc-01749-00476008-00476204 a methodology involving sane
y2DSBHE9vhc-01750-00476205-00476410 and relics similar to the gods and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01751-00476411-00476662 amulets of the pagan world as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01752-00476663-00476845 Christianity became the dominant
y2DSBHE9vhc-01753-00476846-00477085 religion in Europe its concern with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01754-00477086-00477316 magic lessened the Protestant Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01755-00477317-00477560 explanation for witchcraft such as those
y2DSBHE9vhc-01756-00477560-00477793 typify din the confessions of the pendel
y2DSBHE9vhc-01757-00477794-00478058 witches commonly involves a diabolical
y2DSBHE9vhc-01758-00478059-00478250 pact or at least an appeal to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01759-00478251-00478537 intervention of the spirits of evil the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01760-00478538-00478751 witches are wizards engaged in such
y2DSBHE9vhc-01761-00478752-00479008 practices were alleged to reject Jesus
y2DSBHE9vhc-01762-00479009-00479252 and the sacraments observe the witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01763-00479253-00479522 Sabbath performing infernal rites that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01764-00479522-00479726 often parodied the Mass or other
y2DSBHE9vhc-01765-00479727-00479935 sacraments of the Church pay divine
y2DSBHE9vhc-01766-00479936-00480170 honor to the Prince of Darkness and in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01767-00480171-00480416 return receive from him preternatural
y2DSBHE9vhc-01768-00480417-00480725 powers it was a folkloric belief that a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01769-00480726-00480950 devil's mark like the brand on cattle
y2DSBHE9vhc-01770-00480951-00481172 was placed upon a witches skin by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01771-00481172-00481414 devil to signify that this pact had been
y2DSBHE9vhc-01772-00481415-00481643 made witches were most often
y2DSBHE9vhc-01773-00481643-00481952 characterized as women witches disrupted
y2DSBHE9vhc-01774-00481953-00482162 the societal institutions and more
y2DSBHE9vhc-01775-00482163-00482420 specifically marriage it was believed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01776-00482421-00482618 that a witch often joined a pact with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01777-00482618-00482833 the devil to gain powers to deal with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01778-00482834-00483029 infertility immense fear for her
y2DSBHE9vhc-01779-00483030-00483266 children's well-being or revenge against
y2DSBHE9vhc-01780-00483267-00483326 a lover
y2DSBHE9vhc-01781-00483327-00483610 they were also depicted as lustful and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01782-00483611-00483781 perverted and it was thought that they
y2DSBHE9vhc-01783-00483782-00484018 copulated with the devil at the Sabbath
y2DSBHE9vhc-01784-00484018-00484343 the church in European society were not
y2DSBHE9vhc-01785-00484343-00484577 always so zealous in hunting witches or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01786-00484578-00484862 blaming them for misfortunes Saint
y2DSBHE9vhc-01787-00484863-00485054 Boniface declared in the 8th century
y2DSBHE9vhc-01788-00485055-00485303 that belief in the existence of witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01789-00485304-00485585 was unchristian the Emperor Charlemagne
y2DSBHE9vhc-01790-00485585-00485806 decreed that the burning of supposed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01791-00485807-00486037 witches was a pagan custom that would be
y2DSBHE9vhc-01792-00486038-00486418 punished by the death penalty in 820 the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01793-00486419-00486653 Bishop of Lyon and others repudiated the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01794-00486654-00486841 belief that witches could make bad
y2DSBHE9vhc-01795-00486842-00487054 weather fly in the night and change
y2DSBHE9vhc-01796-00487055-00487352 their shape this denial was accepted
y2DSBHE9vhc-01797-00487353-00487645 into canon law other rulers such as King
y2DSBHE9vhc-01798-00487646-00487858 Cole omen of Hungary declared that witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01799-00487859-00488072 hunts should cease because witches more
y2DSBHE9vhc-01800-00488072-00488408 specifically strigas do not exist
y2DSBHE9vhc-01801-00488409-00488647 the church did not invent the idea of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01802-00488649-00488839 witchcraft as a potentially harmful
y2DSBHE9vhc-01803-00488841-00489071 force whose practitioners should be put
y2DSBHE9vhc-01804-00489072-00489364 to death this idea is commonplace in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01805-00489364-00489656 pre-christian religions according to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01806-00489657-00489896 scholar max - ooo the concept of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01807-00489897-00490121 medieval witchcraft can tained many of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01808-00490122-00490337 its elements even before the emergence
y2DSBHE9vhc-01809-00490338-00490628 of Christianity these can be found in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01810-00490629-00490874 beckon alias especially in the time when
y2DSBHE9vhc-01811-00490875-00491057 they were led by priestess piccola
y2DSBHE9vhc-01812-00491058-00491663 Aniyah 188 BC to 186 BC powers typically
y2DSBHE9vhc-01813-00491664-00491900 attributed to European witches include
y2DSBHE9vhc-01814-00491901-00492113 turning food poisonous or inedible
y2DSBHE9vhc-01815-00492114-00492341 flying on broomsticks or pitchforks
y2DSBHE9vhc-01816-00492342-00492605 casting spells cursing people making
y2DSBHE9vhc-01817-00492606-00492812 livestock ill and crops fail and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01818-00492813-00493487 creating fear and local chaos
y2DSBHE9vhc-01819-00493488-00493997 topic united kingdom
y2DSBHE9vhc-01820-00493997-00494279 however even at a later date not all
y2DSBHE9vhc-01821-00494280-00494459 witches were assumed to be harmful
y2DSBHE9vhc-01822-00494460-00494780 practices of the craft in England the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01823-00494781-00495008 provision of this curative magic was the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01824-00495009-00495235 job of a witch doctor also known as a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01825-00495237-00495593 cunning man white witch or wise man the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01826-00495593-00495959 term witch doctor was in use in England
y2DSBHE9vhc-01827-00495960-00496160 before it came to be associated with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01828-00496160-00496502 Africa toad doctors were also credited
y2DSBHE9vhc-01829-00496503-00496747 with the ability to undo evil witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01830-00496749-00496979 other folk magicians had their own per
y2DSBHE9vhc-01831-00496980-00497285 views girdle measurer specialized in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01832-00497285-00497518 diagnosing ailments caused by fairies
y2DSBHE9vhc-01833-00497520-00497743 while magical cures for more mundane
y2DSBHE9vhc-01834-00497745-00497960 ailments such as burns or tooth they
y2DSBHE9vhc-01835-00497960-00498263 could be had from charmers in the north
y2DSBHE9vhc-01836-00498264-00498479 of England the superstition lingers to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01837-00498480-00498727 an almost inconceivable extent
y2DSBHE9vhc-01838-00498728-00499004 Lancashire abounds with witch doctors a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01839-00499005-00499214 set of quacks who pretend to cure
y2DSBHE9vhc-01840-00499214-00499583 diseases inflicted by the devil the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01841-00499584-00499799 witch doctor alluded to us better known
y2DSBHE9vhc-01842-00499800-00500018 by the name of the cunning man and has a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01843-00500018-00500185 large practice in the counties of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01844-00500187-00500546 Lincoln and Nottingham historians Keith
y2DSBHE9vhc-01845-00500547-00500785 Thomas and his student Allan McFarland
y2DSBHE9vhc-01846-00500787-00501050 study witchcraft by combining historical
y2DSBHE9vhc-01847-00501051-00501251 research with concepts drawn from
y2DSBHE9vhc-01848-00501252-00501545 anthropology they argued that English
y2DSBHE9vhc-01849-00501546-00501797 witchcraft like African witchcraft was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01850-00501797-00502118 endemic rather than epidemic older women
y2DSBHE9vhc-01851-00502118-00502307 were the favorite targets because they
y2DSBHE9vhc-01852-00502308-00502508 were marginal dependent members of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01853-00502509-00502727 community and therefore more likely to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01854-00502728-00502949 arouse feelings of both hostility and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01855-00502950-00503162 guilt and less likely to have defenders
y2DSBHE9vhc-01856-00503163-00503395 of importance inside the community
y2DSBHE9vhc-01857-00503396-00503627 witchcraft accusations were the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01858-00503628-00503816 village's reaction to the breakdown of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01859-00503817-00504050 its internal community coupled with the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01860-00504051-00504257 emergence of a newer set of values that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01861-00504258-00504626 was generating psychic stress in Wales
y2DSBHE9vhc-01862-00504627-00504868 fear of witchcraft mounted around the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01863-00504870-00505217 Year 1500 there was a growing alarm of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01864-00505218-00505447 women's magic as a weapon aimed against
y2DSBHE9vhc-01865-00505449-00505721 the state and church the church made
y2DSBHE9vhc-01866-00505722-00505958 greater efforts to enforce the canon law
y2DSBHE9vhc-01867-00505959-00506192 of marriage especially in Wales where
y2DSBHE9vhc-01868-00506193-00506396 tradition allowed a wider range of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01869-00506397-00506647 sexual partnerships there was a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01870-00506649-00506831 political dimension as well as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01871-00506832-00507064 accusations of witchcraft were levied
y2DSBHE9vhc-01872-00507066-00507278 against the enemies of Henry the Seven
y2DSBHE9vhc-01873-00507279-00507312 who
y2DSBHE9vhc-01874-00507313-00507504 was exerting more and more control over
y2DSBHE9vhc-01875-00507505-00507756 Wales the records of the courts of great
y2DSBHE9vhc-01876-00507757-00508200 sessions for Wales 1536 to 1736 show
y2DSBHE9vhc-01877-00508201-00508410 that Welsh custom was more important
y2DSBHE9vhc-01878-00508410-00508691 than English law custom provided a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01879-00508692-00508887 framework of responding to witches and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01880-00508888-00509049 witchcraft in such a way that
y2DSBHE9vhc-01881-00509050-00509297 interpersonal and communal harmony was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01882-00509298-00509495 maintained showing to regard to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01883-00509496-00509735 importance of honour social place and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01884-00509737-00510054 cultural status even when found guilty
y2DSBHE9vhc-01885-00510055-00510345 execution did not occur becoming King in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01886-00510346-00510660 1603 James the first brought to England
y2DSBHE9vhc-01887-00510660-00510900 and Scotland continental explanations of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01888-00510901-00511179 witchcraft his goal was to divert
y2DSBHE9vhc-01889-00511180-00511416 suspicion away from male homosexuality
y2DSBHE9vhc-01890-00511417-00511707 among the elite and focus fear on female
y2DSBHE9vhc-01891-00511708-00511905 communities and large gatherings of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01892-00511906-00512147 women he thought they threatened his
y2DSBHE9vhc-01893-00512148-00512331 political power so he laid the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01894-00512332-00512550 foundation for witchcraft and occultism
y2DSBHE9vhc-01895-00512551-00512880 policies especially in Scotland the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01896-00512881-00513089 point was that a widespread belief in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01897-00513090-00513303 the conspiracy of witches and a witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-01898-00513304-00513525 Sabbath with the devil deprived women of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01899-00513526-00513843 political influence occult power was
y2DSBHE9vhc-01900-00513843-00514091 supposedly a womanly trait because women
y2DSBHE9vhc-01901-00514092-00514302 were weaker and more susceptible to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01902-00514303-00514632 devil in 1944 Helen Duncan was the last
y2DSBHE9vhc-01903-00514633-00514835 person in Britain to be imprisoned for
y2DSBHE9vhc-01904-00514837-00515475 fraudulently claiming to be a witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-01905-00515476-00516011 topic 21st century
y2DSBHE9vhc-01906-00516012-00516275 in the United Kingdom children believed
y2DSBHE9vhc-01907-00516276-00516506 to be witches are seen as possessed by
y2DSBHE9vhc-01908-00516507-00516746 evil spirits can be subject to severe
y2DSBHE9vhc-01909-00516747-00517019 beatings traumatic exorcism and or other
y2DSBHE9vhc-01910-00517020-00517352 abuse there have even been child murders
y2DSBHE9vhc-01911-00517353-00517629 associated with witchcraft beliefs the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01912-00517630-00517881 problem is particularly serious among
y2DSBHE9vhc-01913-00517882-00518060 immigrant or former immigrant
y2DSBHE9vhc-01914-00518061-00518294 communities of African origin but other
y2DSBHE9vhc-01915-00518295-00518516 communities such as those of Asian
y2DSBHE9vhc-01916-00518517-00518831 origin are also involved stepchildren
y2DSBHE9vhc-01917-00518832-00519059 and children seen as different for a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01918-00519060-00519269 wide range of reasons are particularly
y2DSBHE9vhc-01919-00519270-00519559 at risk of witchcraft accusations
y2DSBHE9vhc-01920-00519560-00519773 children may be beat inner half
y2DSBHE9vhc-01921-00519774-00519947 chili-rubbed into their eyes during
y2DSBHE9vhc-01922-00519948-00520275 exorcisms this type of abuse is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01923-00520276-00520448 frequently hidden and can include
y2DSBHE9vhc-01924-00520449-00520841 torture a 2006 recommendation to record
y2DSBHE9vhc-01925-00520842-00521008 abuse cases linked to witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-01926-00521009-00521279 centrally has not yet been implemented
y2DSBHE9vhc-01927-00521280-00521588 lack of awareness among social workers
y2DSBHE9vhc-01928-00521589-00521829 teachers and other professionals dealing
y2DSBHE9vhc-01929-00521830-00522059 with at-risk children hinders efforts to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01930-00522060-00522377 combat the problem the Metropolitan
y2DSBHE9vhc-01931-00522378-00522606 Police said there had been 60 crimes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01932-00522607-00522929 linked to faith in London so far in 2015
y2DSBHE9vhc-01933-00522930-00523400 it saw reports double from 23 in 2013 to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01934-00523401-00523613 46 in 2014
y2DSBHE9vhc-01935-00523614-00523967 half of UK police forces do not record
y2DSBHE9vhc-01936-00523968-00524216 such cases and many local authorities
y2DSBHE9vhc-01937-00524217-00524561 are also unable to provide figures the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01938-00524562-00524906 NSPCC said authorities need to ensure
y2DSBHE9vhc-01939-00524907-00525140 they are able to spot the signs of this
y2DSBHE9vhc-01940-00525141-00525527 particular brand of abuse London is
y2DSBHE9vhc-01941-00525528-00525783 unique in having a police team project
y2DSBHE9vhc-01942-00525784-00526027 violet dedicated to this type of abuse
y2DSBHE9vhc-01943-00526028-00526334 its figures relate to crime reports
y2DSBHE9vhc-01944-00526335-00526554 where officers have flagged a case as
y2DSBHE9vhc-01945-00526555-00526758 involving abuse linked to faith or
y2DSBHE9vhc-01946-00526759-00527036 belief many of the cases involve
y2DSBHE9vhc-01947-00527037-00527227 children
y2DSBHE9vhc-01948-00527228-00527600 an NSPCC spokesman said while the number
y2DSBHE9vhc-01949-00527601-00527830 of child abuse cases involving
y2DSBHE9vhc-01950-00527831-00528085 witchcraft is relatively small they
y2DSBHE9vhc-01951-00528086-00528325 often include horrifying levels of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01952-00528326-00528715 cruelty quote the authorities which deal
y2DSBHE9vhc-01953-00528716-00528916 with these dreadful crimes need to
y2DSBHE9vhc-01954-00528917-00529111 ensure they are able to spot the signs
y2DSBHE9vhc-01955-00529112-00529333 of this particular brand of abuse and
y2DSBHE9vhc-01956-00529334-00529567 take action to protect children before a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01957-00529568-00529867 tragedy occurs there is a money-making
y2DSBHE9vhc-01958-00529868-00530260 scam involved pastors accuse a child of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01959-00530261-00530467 being a witch and later the family pays
y2DSBHE9vhc-01960-00530468-00530806 for exorcism if a child at school says
y2DSBHE9vhc-01961-00530807-00531025 that his/her pastor called the child a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01962-00531026-00531181 witch that should become a child
y2DSBHE9vhc-01963-00531182-00531766 safeguarding issue
y2DSBHE9vhc-01964-00531767-00532211 topic Italy
y2DSBHE9vhc-01965-00532212-00532508 as in most European countries women in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01966-00532509-00532721 Italy were more likely suspected of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01967-00532722-00532973 witchcraft than men women were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01968-00532974-00533147 considered dangerous due to their
y2DSBHE9vhc-01969-00533148-00533417 supposed sexual instability such as when
y2DSBHE9vhc-01970-00533418-00533666 being aroused and also due to the powers
y2DSBHE9vhc-01971-00533667-00533825 of their menstrual blood in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01972-00533826-00534050 sixteenth century Italy had a high
y2DSBHE9vhc-01973-00534051-00534293 portion of witchcraft trials involving
y2DSBHE9vhc-01974-00534294-00534572 love magic the country had a large
y2DSBHE9vhc-01975-00534573-00534797 number of unmarried people due to men
y2DSBHE9vhc-01976-00534798-00534983 marrying later in their lives during
y2DSBHE9vhc-01977-00534984-00535286 this time this left many women on a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01978-00535287-00535481 desperate quest for marriage leaving
y2DSBHE9vhc-01979-00535482-00535676 them vulnerable to the accusation of
y2DSBHE9vhc-01980-00535677-00535886 witchcraft whether they took part in it
y2DSBHE9vhc-01981-00535887-00536144 or not trial records from the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01982-00536145-00536327 Inquisition and secular courts
y2DSBHE9vhc-01983-00536328-00536549 discovered a link between prostitutes
y2DSBHE9vhc-01984-00536550-00536879 and supernatural practices professional
y2DSBHE9vhc-01985-00536880-00537110 prostitutes were considered experts in
y2DSBHE9vhc-01986-00537111-00537314 love and therefore knew how to make love
y2DSBHE9vhc-01987-00537315-00537644 potions and cast love-related spells up
y2DSBHE9vhc-01988-00537645-00537980 until 1630 the majority of women accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-01989-00537981-00538201 of witchcraft were prostitutes a
y2DSBHE9vhc-01990-00538202-00538460 courtesan was questioned about her use
y2DSBHE9vhc-01991-00538461-00538679 of magic due to her relationship with
y2DSBHE9vhc-01992-00538680-00538979 men of power in Italy and her wealth the
y2DSBHE9vhc-01993-00538980-00539210 majority of women accused were also
y2DSBHE9vhc-01994-00539211-00539507 considered outsiders because they were
y2DSBHE9vhc-01995-00539508-00539750 poor had different religious practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-01996-00539751-00539978 spoke a different language or simply
y2DSBHE9vhc-01997-00539979-00540232 from a different City town region
y2DSBHE9vhc-01998-00540233-00540530 Cassandra from Ferrara Italy was still
y2DSBHE9vhc-01999-00540531-00540713 considered a foreigner because not
y2DSBHE9vhc-02000-00540714-00540946 native to Rome where she was residing
y2DSBHE9vhc-02001-00540947-00541253 she was also not seen as a model citizen
y2DSBHE9vhc-02002-00541254-00541487 because her husband was in Venice from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02003-00541488-00541757 the 16th 18th centuries the Catholic
y2DSBHE9vhc-02004-00541758-00541946 Church enforced moral discipline
y2DSBHE9vhc-02005-00541947-00542207 throughout Italy with the help of local
y2DSBHE9vhc-02006-00542208-00542462 tribunals such as in Venice the two
y2DSBHE9vhc-02007-00542463-00542687 institutions investigated a woman's
y2DSBHE9vhc-02008-00542688-00542930 religious behaviors when she was accused
y2DSBHE9vhc-02009-00542931-00543459 of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02010-00543460-00543937 topic Spain
y2DSBHE9vhc-02011-00543938-00544154 Franciscan friars from New Spain
y2DSBHE9vhc-02012-00544155-00544408 introduced diavol ISM belief in the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02013-00544409-00544625 devil to the indigenous people after
y2DSBHE9vhc-02014-00544626-00545054 their arrival in 1524 Bartolome de las
y2DSBHE9vhc-02015-00545055-00545350 casas believe that human sacrifice was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02016-00545351-00545635 not diabolic in fact far off from it and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02017-00545636-00545833 was a natural result of religious
y2DSBHE9vhc-02018-00545834-00546200 expression Mexican Indians gladly took
y2DSBHE9vhc-02019-00546201-00546421 in the belief of diable ISM and still
y2DSBHE9vhc-02020-00546422-00546643 managed to keep their belief in creator
y2DSBHE9vhc-02021-00546644-00546908 destroyer deities Galicia is nicknamed
y2DSBHE9vhc-02022-00546909-00547189 the land of the witches due to its
y2DSBHE9vhc-02023-00547190-00547412 mythological origins surrounding its
y2DSBHE9vhc-02024-00547413-00548073 people culture and its land
y2DSBHE9vhc-02025-00548074-00548887 topic Oceania
y2DSBHE9vhc-02026-00548888-00549383 topic Cook Islands
y2DSBHE9vhc-02027-00549384-00549678 in pre-christian times witchcraft was a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02028-00549679-00549983 common practice in the Cook Islands the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02029-00549984-00550214 native name for a sorcerer was Tonga
y2DSBHE9vhc-02030-00550215-00550533 pure pure a man who prays the prayers
y2DSBHE9vhc-02031-00550534-00550787 offered by the Tonga priests to the gods
y2DSBHE9vhc-02032-00550788-00551010 worshipped on national or tribal marae
y2DSBHE9vhc-02033-00551011-00551280 temples were termed karakia those on
y2DSBHE9vhc-02034-00551281-00551505 minor occasions to the lesser gods were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02035-00551506-00551775 named pure all these prayers were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02036-00551776-00551966 metrical and were handed down from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02037-00551967-00552189 generation to generation with the utmost
y2DSBHE9vhc-02038-00552190-00552491 care there were prayers for every such
y2DSBHE9vhc-02039-00552492-00552758 phase in life for success in battle for
y2DSBHE9vhc-02040-00552759-00552954 a change in wind to overwhelm an
y2DSBHE9vhc-02041-00552955-00553185 adversary at sea or that an intended
y2DSBHE9vhc-02042-00553186-00553431 voyage be propitious that his crops may
y2DSBHE9vhc-02043-00553432-00553677 grow to curse a thief or wish ill luck
y2DSBHE9vhc-02044-00553678-00553983 and death to his foes few men of middle
y2DSBHE9vhc-02045-00553984-00554151 age were without a number of these
y2DSBHE9vhc-02046-00554152-00554456 prayers or charms the succession of a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02047-00554457-00554714 sorcerer was from father to son or from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02048-00554715-00555062 uncle - nephew so - of sorceress it
y2DSBHE9vhc-02049-00555063-00555276 would be from mother to daughter or from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02050-00555277-00555624 aunt Denise sorcerers and sorceress were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02051-00555625-00555822 often slain by relatives of their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02052-00555823-00556053 supposed victims a singular and chant
y2DSBHE9vhc-02053-00556054-00556262 meant was employed to kill off a husband
y2DSBHE9vhc-02054-00556263-00556479 of a pretty woman desired by someone
y2DSBHE9vhc-02055-00556480-00556518 else
y2DSBHE9vhc-02056-00556519-00556830 the expanded flower of a gardenia was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02057-00556831-00557033 stuck upright a very difficult
y2DSBHE9vhc-02058-00557034-00557366 performance in a cup ie half a large
y2DSBHE9vhc-02059-00557367-00557703 coconut shell of water a prayer was then
y2DSBHE9vhc-02060-00557704-00557895 offered for the husband's speedy death
y2DSBHE9vhc-02061-00557896-00557987 the sorcerer
y2DSBHE9vhc-02062-00557988-00558266 earnestly watching the flower should it
y2DSBHE9vhc-02063-00558267-00558543 fall the incantation was successful but
y2DSBHE9vhc-02064-00558544-00558770 if the flower still remained upright he
y2DSBHE9vhc-02065-00558771-00558983 will live the sorcerer would in that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02066-00558984-00559214 case try his skill another day with
y2DSBHE9vhc-02067-00559215-00559431 perhaps better success according to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02068-00559432-00559637 Beatrice Grimshaw a journalist who
y2DSBHE9vhc-02069-00559638-00559922 visited the Cook Islands in 1907 the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02070-00559923-00560147 uncrowned queen Makia was believed to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02071-00560148-00560349 have possessed the mystic power called
y2DSBHE9vhc-02072-00560350-00560570 mana giving the possessor the power to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02073-00560571-00560847 slay at will it also included other
y2DSBHE9vhc-02074-00560848-00561110 gifts such as second sight to a certain
y2DSBHE9vhc-02075-00561111-00561345 extent the power to bring good or evil
y2DSBHE9vhc-02076-00561346-00561558 luck and the ability already mentioned
y2DSBHE9vhc-02077-00561559-00562127 to deal death at will
y2DSBHE9vhc-02078-00562128-00562648 topic Papua New Guinea
y2DSBHE9vhc-02079-00562649-00562912 a local newspaper informed that more
y2DSBHE9vhc-02080-00562913-00563098 than 50 people were killed in two
y2DSBHE9vhc-02081-00563099-00563345 highlands provinces of Papua New Guinea
y2DSBHE9vhc-02082-00563346-00563612 in 2008 for allegedly practicing
y2DSBHE9vhc-02083-00563613-00563995 witchcraft an estimated 50 to 150
y2DSBHE9vhc-02084-00563996-00564233 alleged witches are killed each year in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02085-00564234-00564831 Papua New Guinea
y2DSBHE9vhc-02086-00564832-00565291 topic Russia
y2DSBHE9vhc-02087-00565292-00565550 among the Russian words for which vet
y2DSBHE9vhc-02088-00565551-00565838 Maremma literally means one who knows
y2DSBHE9vhc-02089-00565839-00566266 from old Slavic VD to know another
y2DSBHE9vhc-02090-00566267-00566501 frequent term as cold una cold Anya
y2DSBHE9vhc-02091-00566502-00567149 sorcerer being cold and Colden
y2DSBHE9vhc-02092-00567150-00567614 topic spells
y2DSBHE9vhc-02093-00567615-00567905 pagan practices formed a part of Russian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02094-00567906-00568136 and Eastern Slavic culture the Russian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02095-00568137-00568430 people were deeply superstitious the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02096-00568431-00568667 witchcraft practiced consisted mostly of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02097-00568668-00568934 earth magic and herbology it was not so
y2DSBHE9vhc-02098-00568935-00569129 significant which herbs were used in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02099-00569130-00569318 practices but how these herbs were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02100-00569319-00569627 gathered ritual centered on harvest of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02101-00569628-00569825 the crops and the location of the Sun
y2DSBHE9vhc-02102-00569826-00570158 was very important one source pagan
y2DSBHE9vhc-02103-00570159-00570377 author judoka Isles tells that herbs
y2DSBHE9vhc-02104-00570378-00570584 picked on Midsummer's Eve were believed
y2DSBHE9vhc-02105-00570585-00570803 to be most powerful especially if
y2DSBHE9vhc-02106-00570804-00571004 gathered on Bald Mountain near Kiev
y2DSBHE9vhc-02107-00571005-00571184 during the witches annual revels
y2DSBHE9vhc-02108-00571185-00571463 celebration botanicals should be
y2DSBHE9vhc-02109-00571464-00571739 gathered during the 17th minute of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02110-00571740-00572087 14th hour under a dark moon in the 13th
y2DSBHE9vhc-02111-00572088-00572336 field wearing a red dress picked the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02112-00572337-00572548 12th flower on the right
y2DSBHE9vhc-02113-00572549-00572833 spells also served for midwifery
y2DSBHE9vhc-02114-00572834-00573080 shape-shifting keeping lovers faithful
y2DSBHE9vhc-02115-00573081-00573407 and Bridal customs spells dealing with
y2DSBHE9vhc-02116-00573408-00573647 midwifery and childbirth focused on the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02117-00573648-00573895 spiritual well-being of the baby
y2DSBHE9vhc-02118-00573896-00574097 shape-shifting spells involved
y2DSBHE9vhc-02119-00574098-00574310 invocation of the wolf as a spirit
y2DSBHE9vhc-02120-00574311-00574637 animal to keep men faithful lovers would
y2DSBHE9vhc-02121-00574638-00574817 cut a ribbon the length of his erect
y2DSBHE9vhc-02122-00574818-00574988 penis and soak it in his seminal
y2DSBHE9vhc-02123-00574989-00575210 emissions after sex while he was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02124-00575211-00575432 sleeping then tie seven knots in it
y2DSBHE9vhc-02125-00575433-00575648 keeping this talisman of not magic
y2DSBHE9vhc-02126-00575649-00575966 ensured loyalty part of an ancient pagan
y2DSBHE9vhc-02127-00575967-00576176 marriage tradition involved the bride
y2DSBHE9vhc-02128-00576177-00576374 taking a ritual bath at a bathhouse
y2DSBHE9vhc-02129-00576375-00576704 before the ceremony her sweat would be
y2DSBHE9vhc-02130-00576705-00576941 wiped from her body using raw fish and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02131-00576942-00577145 the fish would be cooked and fed to the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02132-00577146-00577403 groom demonism or black magic was not
y2DSBHE9vhc-02133-00577404-00577684 prevalent persecution for witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02134-00577685-00577955 mostly involved the practice of simple
y2DSBHE9vhc-02135-00577956-00578204 earth magic founded on herbology by
y2DSBHE9vhc-02136-00578205-00578435 solitary practitioners with a Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02137-00578436-00578753 influence in one case investigators
y2DSBHE9vhc-02138-00578754-00578969 found a locked box containing something
y2DSBHE9vhc-02139-00578970-00579191 bundled in a kerchief and three paper
y2DSBHE9vhc-02140-00579192-00579428 packets wrapped and tied containing
y2DSBHE9vhc-02141-00579429-00579713 crushed grasses most rituals of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02142-00579714-00580016 witchcraft were very simple one spell of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02143-00580017-00580232 divination consists of sitting alone
y2DSBHE9vhc-02144-00580233-00580475 outside meditating asking the earth to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02145-00580476-00580694 show one's fate while these customs were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02146-00580695-00580955 unique to Russian culture they were not
y2DSBHE9vhc-02147-00580956-00581288 to this region Russian pagan practices
y2DSBHE9vhc-02148-00581289-00581507 were often akin to paganism in other
y2DSBHE9vhc-02149-00581508-00581813 parts of the world the Chinese concept
y2DSBHE9vhc-02150-00581814-00582056 of Thai a form of energy that often
y2DSBHE9vhc-02151-00582057-00582284 manipulated in witchcraft is known as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02152-00582285-00582593 bioplasma in Russian practices the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02153-00582594-00583001 Western concept of n evil eye aura hex
y2DSBHE9vhc-02154-00583002-00583420 was translated to Russia as a spoiler a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02155-00583421-00583733 spoiler was rooted in envy jealousy and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02156-00583734-00583979 malice spoilers could be made by
y2DSBHE9vhc-02157-00583980-00584225 gathering bone from a cemetery a nod of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02158-00584226-00584387 the target's hair burned wooden
y2DSBHE9vhc-02159-00584388-00584621 splinters and several herb Paris berries
y2DSBHE9vhc-02160-00584622-00584915 which are very poisonous placing these
y2DSBHE9vhc-02161-00584916-00585161 items in sachet and the victims pillow
y2DSBHE9vhc-02162-00585162-00585457 completes a spoiler the Sumerians
y2DSBHE9vhc-02163-00585458-00585746 Babylonians Assyrians and the ancient
y2DSBHE9vhc-02164-00585747-00585989 Egyptians recognized the evil eye from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02165-00585990-00586292 as early as 3000 BCE in Russian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02166-00586293-00586522 practices it is seen as a 16th century
y2DSBHE9vhc-02167-00586523-00587083 concept
y2DSBHE9vhc-02168-00587084-00587680 topic societal view of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02169-00587681-00587941 the dominant societal concern those
y2DSBHE9vhc-02170-00587942-00588148 practicing witchcraft was not whether
y2DSBHE9vhc-02171-00588149-00588373 paganism was effective but whether it
y2DSBHE9vhc-02172-00588374-00588677 could cause harm peasants in Russian and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02173-00588678-00588892 Ukrainian societies often shunned
y2DSBHE9vhc-02174-00588893-00589090 witchcraft unless they needed help
y2DSBHE9vhc-02175-00589091-00589438 against supernatural forces impotence
y2DSBHE9vhc-02176-00589439-00589750 stomach pains Berenice hernias abscesses
y2DSBHE9vhc-02177-00589751-00590017 epileptic seizures and convulsions were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02178-00590018-00590247 all attributed to evil or witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02179-00590248-00590530 this is reflected in linguistics
y2DSBHE9vhc-02180-00590531-00590740 there are numerous words for a variety
y2DSBHE9vhc-02181-00590741-00590941 of practitioners of paganism based
y2DSBHE9vhc-02182-00590942-00591244 healers Russian peasants referred to a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02183-00591245-00591418 witch as a chair nope knees neck a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02184-00591419-00591628 person who plied his trade with the aid
y2DSBHE9vhc-02185-00591629-00591886 of a black book Shep tuned Shep to Nia a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02186-00591887-00592291 Whisperer male or female lekar like ARCA
y2DSBHE9vhc-02187-00592292-00592390 or is in a car
y2DSBHE9vhc-02188-00592391-00592669 Niharika a male or female healer or zaga
y2DSBHE9vhc-02189-00592670-00592888 varnak and in Cantor ironically enough
y2DSBHE9vhc-02190-00592889-00593134 there was universal reliance on folk
y2DSBHE9vhc-02191-00593135-00593375 healers but clients often turned them in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02192-00593376-00593535 if something went wrong
y2DSBHE9vhc-02193-00593536-00593812 according to Russian historian Valerie a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02194-00593813-00594067 Kittleson witchcraft accusations were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02195-00594068-00594298 normally thrown at lower-class peasants
y2DSBHE9vhc-02196-00594299-00594619 townspeople and Cossacks people turned
y2DSBHE9vhc-02197-00594620-00594793 to witchcraft as a means to support
y2DSBHE9vhc-02198-00594794-00595127 themselves the ratio of male to female
y2DSBHE9vhc-02199-00595128-00595633 accusations was 75% to 25% males were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02200-00595634-00595843 targeted more because witchcraft was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02201-00595844-00596097 associated with societal deviation
y2DSBHE9vhc-02202-00596098-00596368 because single people with no settled
y2DSBHE9vhc-02203-00596369-00596620 home could not be taxed males typically
y2DSBHE9vhc-02204-00596621-00596818 had more power than women in their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02205-00596819-00597031 descent the history of witchcraft had
y2DSBHE9vhc-02206-00597032-00597316 evolved around society more of a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02207-00597317-00597556 psychological concept to the creation
y2DSBHE9vhc-02208-00597557-00597781 and usage of witchcraft can create the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02209-00597782-00597955 assumption as to why women are more
y2DSBHE9vhc-02210-00597956-00598189 likely to follow the practices behind
y2DSBHE9vhc-02211-00598190-00598492 witchcraft identifying with the soul of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02212-00598493-00598741 an individual self as often deemed as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02213-00598742-00599104 feminine in society there is analyzed
y2DSBHE9vhc-02214-00599105-00599327 social and economic evidence to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02215-00599328-00600020 associate between witchcraft and women
y2DSBHE9vhc-02216-00600021-00600560 Topic Witchcraft Trials
y2DSBHE9vhc-02217-00600561-00600845 witchcraft trials occurred frequently in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02218-00600846-00601149 17th century Russia although the great
y2DSBHE9vhc-02219-00601150-00601385 witch hunt is believed to be a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02220-00601386-00601583 predominantly Western European
y2DSBHE9vhc-02221-00601584-00601862 phenomenon however as the witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02222-00601863-00602112 trial craze swept across Catholic and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02223-00602113-00602312 Protestant countries during this time
y2DSBHE9vhc-02224-00602313-00602577 Orthodox Christian Europe indeed partook
y2DSBHE9vhc-02225-00602578-00602885 in this so-called witch hysteria this
y2DSBHE9vhc-02226-00602886-00603105 involved the persecution of both males
y2DSBHE9vhc-02227-00603106-00603303 and females who were believed to be
y2DSBHE9vhc-02228-00603304-00603516 practicing paganism herbology
y2DSBHE9vhc-02229-00603517-00603722 the black art or a form of sorcery
y2DSBHE9vhc-02230-00603723-00603968 within and/or outside their community
y2DSBHE9vhc-02231-00603969-00604283 very early on witchcraft legally fell
y2DSBHE9vhc-02232-00604284-00604430 under the jurisdiction of the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02233-00604431-00604710 ecclesiastical body the church in Kievan
y2DSBHE9vhc-02234-00604711-00605018 Rus and muscovite Russia sources of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02235-00605019-00605258 ecclesiastical witchcraft jurisdiction
y2DSBHE9vhc-02236-00605259-00605487 date back as early as the second half of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02237-00605488-00605735 the 11th century one being Vladimir the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02238-00605736-00605937 Great's first edition of his state
y2DSBHE9vhc-02239-00605938-00606204 statute or stove another being multiple
y2DSBHE9vhc-02240-00606205-00606420 references in the primary chronicle
y2DSBHE9vhc-02241-00606421-00606795 beginning in 1024 the sentence for an
y2DSBHE9vhc-02242-00606796-00607041 individual found guilty of witchcraft or
y2DSBHE9vhc-02243-00607042-00607283 sorcery during this time and in previous
y2DSBHE9vhc-02244-00607284-00607493 centuries typically included either
y2DSBHE9vhc-02245-00607494-00607712 burning at the stake or being tested
y2DSBHE9vhc-02246-00607713-00608004 with the ordeal of cold water or
y2DSBHE9vhc-02247-00608005-00608301 judicium aqua frigid ii the cold water
y2DSBHE9vhc-02248-00608302-00608522 test was primarily a Western European
y2DSBHE9vhc-02249-00608523-00608789 phenomenon but was used as a method of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02250-00608790-00609102 truth in Russia prior to and post 17th
y2DSBHE9vhc-02251-00609103-00609377 century Witchcraft Trials in Muscovy
y2DSBHE9vhc-02252-00609378-00609639 accused persons who submerged were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02253-00609640-00609858 considered innocent and ecclesiastical
y2DSBHE9vhc-02254-00609859-00610101 authorities would proclaim them brought
y2DSBHE9vhc-02255-00610102-00610326 back but those who floated were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02256-00610327-00610503 considered guilty of practicing
y2DSBHE9vhc-02257-00610504-00610707 witchcraft and burned at the stake or
y2DSBHE9vhc-02258-00610708-00611058 executed in an unholy fashion the 13th
y2DSBHE9vhc-02259-00611059-00611310 century bishop of vladimir sara pian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02260-00611311-00611550 vladimirskyy preached sermons throughout
y2DSBHE9vhc-02261-00611551-00611762 the muscovite countryside and in one
y2DSBHE9vhc-02262-00611763-00611993 particular sermon revealed that burning
y2DSBHE9vhc-02263-00611994-00612216 was the usual punishment for witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02264-00612217-00612456 but more often the cold water test was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02265-00612457-00612666 used as a precursor to execution
y2DSBHE9vhc-02266-00612667-00612845 although these two methods of torture
y2DSBHE9vhc-02267-00612846-00613022 were used in the West and the East
y2DSBHE9vhc-02268-00613023-00613278 Russia implemented a system of fines
y2DSBHE9vhc-02269-00613279-00613443 payable for the crime of witchcraft
y2DSBHE9vhc-02270-00613444-00613820 during the 17th century thus even though
y2DSBHE9vhc-02271-00613821-00613917 torture method
y2DSBHE9vhc-02272-00613918-00614142 in Muscovy were on a similar level of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02273-00614143-00614352 harshness as Western European methods
y2DSBHE9vhc-02274-00614353-00614637 used a more civil method was present in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02275-00614638-00614880 the introduction of a collection of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02276-00614881-00615129 trial records pieced together by russian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02277-00615130-00615381 scholar nikolai november kisk he argues
y2DSBHE9vhc-02278-00615382-00615609 that muscovite authorities used the same
y2DSBHE9vhc-02279-00615610-00615819 degree of cruelty and harshness as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02280-00615820-00616065 Western European Catholic and Protestant
y2DSBHE9vhc-02281-00616066-00616368 countries in persecuting witches by the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02282-00616369-00616656 mid 16th century the manifestations of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02283-00616657-00616878 paganism including witchcraft and the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02284-00616879-00617220 black arts astrology fortune-telling and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02285-00617221-00617511 divination became a serious concern to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02286-00617512-00617760 the muscovite church and state Tsar Ivan
y2DSBHE9vhc-02287-00617761-00618174 the fourth reigned 1547 to 1580 for took
y2DSBHE9vhc-02288-00618175-00618369 this matter to the ecclesiastical court
y2DSBHE9vhc-02289-00618370-00618567 and was immediately advised that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02290-00618568-00618804 individuals practicing these forms of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02291-00618805-00619026 witchcraft should be excommunicated and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02292-00619027-00619314 given the death penalty Ivan the fourth
y2DSBHE9vhc-02293-00619315-00619545 as a true believer in witchcraft was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02294-00619546-00619791 deeply convinced that sorcery accounted
y2DSBHE9vhc-02295-00619792-00619905 for the death of his wife
y2DSBHE9vhc-02296-00619906-00620229 anastasiya in 1560 which completely
y2DSBHE9vhc-02297-00620230-00620460 devastated and depressed him leaving him
y2DSBHE9vhc-02298-00620461-00620739 heartbroken stemming from this belief
y2DSBHE9vhc-02299-00620740-00621000 Ivan the fourth became majorly concerned
y2DSBHE9vhc-02300-00621001-00621186 with the threat of witchcraft harming
y2DSBHE9vhc-02301-00621187-00621428 his family and feared he was in danger
y2DSBHE9vhc-02302-00621429-00621945 so during the oprichnina 1565 to 1572
y2DSBHE9vhc-02303-00621946-00622191 ivan the fourth succeeded in accusing
y2DSBHE9vhc-02304-00622192-00622404 and charging a good number of boyars
y2DSBHE9vhc-02305-00622405-00622614 with witchcraft whom he did not wish to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02306-00622615-00622757 remain as Nobles
y2DSBHE9vhc-02307-00622758-00622988 rulers after Ivan the fourth
y2DSBHE9vhc-02308-00622989-00623225 specifically during the Time of Troubles
y2DSBHE9vhc-02309-00623226-00623598 1598 to 1613 increased the fear of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02310-00623599-00623832 witchcraft among themselves and entire
y2DSBHE9vhc-02311-00623833-00624083 royal families which then led to further
y2DSBHE9vhc-02312-00624084-00624321 preoccupation with the fear of prominent
y2DSBHE9vhc-02313-00624322-00624645 muscovite witchcraft circles after the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02314-00624646-00624945 Time of Troubles 17th century muscovite
y2DSBHE9vhc-02315-00624946-00625197 rulers held frequent investigations of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02316-00625198-00625377 witchcraft within their households
y2DSBHE9vhc-02317-00625378-00625593 laying the ground along with previous
y2DSBHE9vhc-02318-00625594-00625779 Tsarist reforms for widespread
y2DSBHE9vhc-02319-00625780-00625977 witchcraft trials throughout the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02320-00625978-00626490 muscovite state between 1622 and 1791
y2DSBHE9vhc-02321-00626491-00626694 people were brought to trial in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02322-00626695-00627006 muscovite courts for witchcraft although
y2DSBHE9vhc-02323-00627007-00627213 Russia did partake in the witch craze
y2DSBHE9vhc-02324-00627214-00627293 that swept
y2DSBHE9vhc-02325-00627294-00627483 across Western Europe the Muscovites
y2DSBHE9vhc-02326-00627484-00627746 state did not persecute nearly as many
y2DSBHE9vhc-02327-00627747-00628008 people for witchcraft let alone execute
y2DSBHE9vhc-02328-00628009-00628233 a number of individuals anywhere close
y2DSBHE9vhc-02329-00628234-00628427 to the number executed in the West
y2DSBHE9vhc-02330-00628428-00629087 during the witch hysteria
y2DSBHE9vhc-02331-00629088-00629637 topic which is in art
y2DSBHE9vhc-02332-00629638-00629868 witches have a long history of being
y2DSBHE9vhc-02333-00629869-00630081 depicted in art although most of their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02334-00630082-00630315 earliest artistic depictions seem to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02335-00630316-00630504 originate in early modern Europe
y2DSBHE9vhc-02336-00630505-00630672 particularly the Medieval and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02337-00630673-00630963 Renaissance periods many scholars
y2DSBHE9vhc-02338-00630964-00631203 attribute their manifestation in art as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02339-00631204-00631422 inspired by texts such as Canon
y2DSBHE9vhc-02340-00631423-00631656 episcopate a demon ology centered work
y2DSBHE9vhc-02341-00631657-00631911 of literature and malleus Maleficarum a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02342-00631912-00632388 witch craze manual published in 1487 by
y2DSBHE9vhc-02343-00632389-00632646 heinrich kramer and jacob springer canon
y2DSBHE9vhc-02344-00632647-00632886 episcopal a ninth century text that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02345-00632887-00633093 explored the subject of demonology
y2DSBHE9vhc-02346-00633094-00633327 initially introduced concepts that would
y2DSBHE9vhc-02347-00633328-00633555 continuously be associated with witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-02348-00633556-00633789 such as their ability to fly are there
y2DSBHE9vhc-02349-00633790-00633987 believed fornication and sexual
y2DSBHE9vhc-02350-00633988-00634293 relations with the devil the text refers
y2DSBHE9vhc-02351-00634294-00634521 to two women Diana the Huntress and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02352-00634522-00634782 Herodias who both express the duality of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02353-00634783-00635151 female sorcerers diana was described as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02354-00635152-00635345 having a heavenly body and as the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02355-00635346-00635631 protectress of childbirth and fertility
y2DSBHE9vhc-02356-00635632-00635979 while Herodias symbolized unbridled
y2DSBHE9vhc-02357-00635980-00636261 sensuality they thus represent the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02358-00636262-00636510 mental powers and cunning sexuality that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02359-00636511-00636729 witches used as weapons to trick men
y2DSBHE9vhc-02360-00636730-00636963 into performing sinful acts which would
y2DSBHE9vhc-02361-00636964-00637265 result in their eternal punishment these
y2DSBHE9vhc-02362-00637266-00637476 characteristics were distinguished as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02363-00637477-00637719 medusa-like or Lamia like traits when
y2DSBHE9vhc-02364-00637720-00637959 seen in any artwork Medusa's mental
y2DSBHE9vhc-02365-00637960-00638214 trickery was associated with Diana the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02366-00638215-00638460 Huntress as psychic powers and Lamia was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02367-00638461-00638694 a rumored female figure in the medieval
y2DSBHE9vhc-02368-00638695-00638970 ages sometimes used in place of Herodias
y2DSBHE9vhc-02369-00638971-00639171 one of the first individuals to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02370-00639172-00639393 regularly depict witches after the witch
y2DSBHE9vhc-02371-00639394-00639594 craze of the medieval period was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02372-00639595-00639768 Albrecht Durer a German Renaissance
y2DSBHE9vhc-02373-00639769-00640221 artist his famous 1497 engraving the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02374-00640222-00640299 four witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-02375-00640300-00640548 portrays four physically attractive and
y2DSBHE9vhc-02376-00640549-00640791 seductive nude witches their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02377-00640792-00641031 supernatural identities are emphasized
y2DSBHE9vhc-02378-00641032-00641259 by the skulls and bones lying at their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02379-00641260-00641472 feet as well as the devil discreetly
y2DSBHE9vhc-02380-00641473-00641721 peering at them from their left the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02381-00641722-00641982 woman's sensuous presentation speaks to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02382-00641983-00642177 the overtly sexual nature they were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02383-00642178-00642437 attached to in early modern Europe
y2DSBHE9vhc-02384-00642438-00642678 moreover this attractiveness was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02385-00642679-00642912 perceived as a danger to ordinary men
y2DSBHE9vhc-02386-00642913-00643026 who they could Sadu
y2DSBHE9vhc-02387-00643027-00643317 and tempt into their sinful world some
y2DSBHE9vhc-02388-00643318-00643509 scholars interpret this piece as
y2DSBHE9vhc-02389-00643510-00643704 utilizing the logic of the Canon
y2DSBHE9vhc-02390-00643705-00643926 Episcopal in which women used their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02391-00643927-00644163 mental powers and bodily seduction to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02392-00644164-00644394 enslave and lead men onto a path of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02393-00644395-00644601 eternal damnation differing from the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02394-00644602-00644820 unattractive depiction of witches that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02395-00644821-00645030 would follow in later Renaissance ears
y2DSBHE9vhc-02396-00645031-00645312 juror also employed other ideas from the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02397-00645313-00645465 Middle Ages that were commonly
y2DSBHE9vhc-02398-00645466-00645831 associated with witches specifically his
y2DSBHE9vhc-02399-00645832-00646068 art often referred to former 12th to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02400-00646069-00646277 13th century medieval iconography
y2DSBHE9vhc-02401-00646278-00646491 addressing the nature of female
y2DSBHE9vhc-02402-00646492-00646812 sorcerers in the medieval period there
y2DSBHE9vhc-02403-00646813-00646998 was a widespread fear of witches
y2DSBHE9vhc-02404-00646999-00647253 accordingly producing an association of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02405-00647254-00647490 dark intimidating characteristics with
y2DSBHE9vhc-02406-00647491-00647727 witches such as cannibalism which is
y2DSBHE9vhc-02407-00647728-00647961 described as sucking the blood of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02408-00647962-00648270 newborn infants or described as having
y2DSBHE9vhc-02409-00648271-00648525 the ability to fly usually on the back
y2DSBHE9vhc-02410-00648526-00648837 of black goats as the Renaissance period
y2DSBHE9vhc-02411-00648838-00649107 began these concepts of witchcraft were
y2DSBHE9vhc-02412-00649108-00649335 suppressed leading to a drastic change
y2DSBHE9vhc-02413-00649336-00649530 in the sorceress appearances from
y2DSBHE9vhc-02414-00649531-00649794 sexually explicit beings to the ordinary
y2DSBHE9vhc-02415-00649795-00650040 typical housewives of this time period
y2DSBHE9vhc-02416-00650041-00650331 this depiction known as the Waldensian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02417-00650332-00650601 which became a cultural phenomenon of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02418-00650602-00650841 early Renaissance art the term
y2DSBHE9vhc-02419-00650842-00651063 originates from the 12th century monk
y2DSBHE9vhc-02420-00651064-00651285 Peter Waldo who established his own
y2DSBHE9vhc-02421-00651286-00651540 religious sect which explicitly opposed
y2DSBHE9vhc-02422-00651541-00651768 the luxury and commodity influenced
y2DSBHE9vhc-02423-00651769-00651993 lifestyle of the Christian Church clergy
y2DSBHE9vhc-02424-00651994-00652230 and whose sect was excommunicated before
y2DSBHE9vhc-02425-00652231-00652500 being persecuted as practitioners of
y2DSBHE9vhc-02426-00652501-00652827 witchcraft and magic subsequent artwork
y2DSBHE9vhc-02427-00652828-00652998 exhibiting which is tended to
y2DSBHE9vhc-02428-00652999-00653190 consistently rely on cultural
y2DSBHE9vhc-02429-00653191-00653475 stereotypes about these women these
y2DSBHE9vhc-02430-00653476-00653739 stereotypes were usually rooted in early
y2DSBHE9vhc-02431-00653740-00653927 Renaissance religious discourse
y2DSBHE9vhc-02432-00653928-00654153 specifically the Christian belief that
y2DSBHE9vhc-02433-00654154-00654486 an earthly Alliance had taken place
y2DSBHE9vhc-02434-00654487-00654711 between Satan's female minions who
y2DSBHE9vhc-02435-00654712-00655059 conspired to destroy Christendom another
y2DSBHE9vhc-02436-00655060-00655227 significant artist whose art
y2DSBHE9vhc-02437-00655228-00655431 consistently depicted witches was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02438-00655432-00655689 Durer's apprentice hans balding green a
y2DSBHE9vhc-02439-00655690-00656001 15th century german artist his
y2DSBHE9vhc-02440-00656002-00656280 chiaroscuro woodcut which is created in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02441-00656281-00656544 1510 visually encompassed all the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02442-00656545-00656724 characteristics that were regularly
y2DSBHE9vhc-02443-00656725-00656898 assigned to witches during the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02444-00656899-00657186 renaissance social beliefs labeled
y2DSBHE9vhc-02445-00657187-00657441 witches as supernatural beings capable
y2DSBHE9vhc-02446-00657442-00657639 of doing great harm possessing the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02447-00657640-00657966 ability to fly and as cannibalistic the
y2DSBHE9vhc-02448-00657967-00658185 urn in witches seems to contain pieces
y2DSBHE9vhc-02449-00658186-00658422 of the human body which the witches are
y2DSBHE9vhc-02450-00658423-00658670 seen consuming as a source of energy
y2DSBHE9vhc-02451-00658671-00658959 meanwhile there nudity while feasting is
y2DSBHE9vhc-02452-00658960-00659142 recognized as an allusion to their
y2DSBHE9vhc-02453-00659143-00659379 sexual appetite and some scholars read
y2DSBHE9vhc-02454-00659380-00659565 the witch riding on the back of a goat
y2DSBHE9vhc-02455-00659566-00659811 demon as representative of their flight
y2DSBHE9vhc-02456-00659812-00660135 inducing powers this connection between
y2DSBHE9vhc-02457-00660136-00660378 women's sexual nature and sins was
y2DSBHE9vhc-02458-00660379-00660546 thematic in the pieces of many
y2DSBHE9vhc-02459-00660547-00660801 Renaissance artists especially Christian
y2DSBHE9vhc-02460-00660802-00661029 artists due to cultural beliefs which
y2DSBHE9vhc-02461-00661030-00661251 characterized women as overtly sexual
y2DSBHE9vhc-02462-00661252-00661452 beings who were less capable in
y2DSBHE9vhc-02463-00661453-00661707 comparison to men of resisting sinful
y2DSBHE9vhc-02464-00661708-00661974 temptation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00001-00014384-00014980 all right good afternoon all I'd like to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00002-00014981-00015212 call to order the meeting of the city of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00003-00015213-00015452 Santa Rosa Design Review Board for May
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00004-00015453-00015518 16th
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00005-00015519-00015880 welcome patty may I have a roll call let
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00006-00015881-00016037 the record reflect that all board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00007-00016038-00016430 members are present thank you I think it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00008-00016431-00016877 may be a first in a while anyways okay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00009-00016878-00017189 moving on to approval of the minutes we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00010-00017190-00017407 have minutes from May 18th any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00011-00017408-00018374 Corrections or comments for patty seeing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00012-00018375-00018563 no Corrections or comments the minutes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00013-00018564-00018974 are good board business this is where we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00014-00018975-00019184 talk about the purview of this board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00015-00019185-00019385 versus any other border Commission in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00016-00019386-00019499 the city of Santa Rosa
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00017-00019500-00019762 I'll read the statement of purpose
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00018-00019763-00020053 project review the review authority
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00019-00020054-00020330 shall consider the location design site
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00020-00020331-00020522 plan configuration and the overall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00021-00020523-00020719 effect of the proposed project upon
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00022-00020720-00020966 surrounding properties and the city in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00023-00020967-00021212 general review shall be conducted by
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00024-00021213-00021434 comparing the proposed project to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00025-00021435-00021700 general plan any applicable specific
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00026-00021701-00021950 plan applicable zoning code standards
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00027-00021951-00022219 and requirements consistency of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00028-00022220-00022375 project within the city's design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00029-00022376-00022622 guidelines architectural criteria for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00030-00022623-00022844 special areas and other applicable city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00031-00022845-00023111 requirements ie city policy statements
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00032-00023112-00023489 or development plans so that's a purview
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00033-00023490-00023927 of this board at this time I'd like to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00034-00023928-00024355 open for public comment on any items not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00035-00024356-00024662 on the agenda we only have one item on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00036-00024663-00024968 the agenda 6.1 today so it be anything
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00037-00024969-00025334 that you want to speak on in the purview
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00038-00025335-00025747 of this board seeing no one I will close
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00039-00025748-00025972 that public comment period and we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00040-00025973-00026158 we'll move on to statements of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00041-00026159-00026437 abstentions by board members we have any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00042-00026438-00026989 abstentions seeing none we will move
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00043-00026991-00027404 right on to scheduled item item 6.1 is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00044-00027405-00027635 preliminary design review for Greenville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00045-00027636-00028001 Road homes file number prj one eight
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00046-00028002-00028462 zero three nine at one 665 Greenville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00047-00028463-00029051 Road sester parcel number 136 101 - 0 1
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00048-00029052-00029417 0 and I believe we have a staff report
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00049-00029418-00029645 from Kristen and Kristen a Thank You
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00050-00029645-00029845 Gerry Kincaid Kristen to me and Senior
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00051-00029847-00030089 Planner this item is greenville road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00052-00030089-00030274 homes it's a preliminary design review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00053-00030275-00030637 for a 12 unit small lot subdivision on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00054-00030638-00030974 one acre and it's located at 1665
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00055-00030975-00031270 Granville Road the project also proposes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00056-00031272-00031530 three attached accessory dwelling units
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00057-00031531-00031915 the dwellings will be attached 3 story
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00058-00031916-00032095 single family dwellings and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00059-00032097-00032279 applicant proposes a new private road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00060-00032280-00032570 for access that they propose to be named
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00061-00032570-00032908 Elson way the required entitlements to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00062-00032909-00033185 build this type of project at this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00063-00033186-00033424 location as a rezoning from RR 20 which
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00064-00033425-00033683 is a rural residential zoning district
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00065-00033684-00034073 to r31 8 which allows for multifamily it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00066-00034074-00034226 also requires a conditional use permit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00067-00034227-00034385 for the small lot subdivision a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00068-00034386-00034665 tentative map and meter design review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00069-00034666-00035102 the Planning Commission reviewed this on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00070-00035103-00035365 May 9th and recommended approval of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00071-00035366-00035599 rezoning to City Council approved the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00072-00035600-00035749 conditional use permit for the small lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00073-00035750-00035951 subdivision and approved the tentative
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00074-00035952-00036323 map pending design review here and a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00075-00036324-00036560 final approval of the REIT of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00076-00036561-00036793 rezoning at City Council and that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00077-00036794-00037010 tentatively scheduled for June 4th at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00078-00037011-00037274 this point and this project is also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00079-00037275-00037493 located outside of a priority
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00080-00037494-00037652 development area and so that's why major
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00081-00037653-00038005 design review is required so here's the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00082-00038006-00038392 general vicinity of the project location
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00083-00038393-00038662 here's an aerial of the project site you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00084-00038663-00039092 can see it's east of Marla Road north of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00085-00039093-00039287 Guerneville Road and it's a one acre
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00086-00039288-00039353 parcel
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00087-00039354-00039494 currently developed with a single-family
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00088-00039495-00039932 residence it's surrounded to the east
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00089-00039933-00040493 with a religious religious organization
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00090-00040494-00040772 or a private meeting facility and to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00091-00040773-00041033 west by a single-family home and to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00092-00041034-00041417 north it's a single-family home in Old
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00093-00041418-00041981 Orchard in the back the general plan
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00094-00041982-00042191 designation is a medium density
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00095-00042192-00042512 residential and the proposed zoning at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00096-00042513-00042821 our 31:8 is a compatible zoning district
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00097-00042822-00043136 and the project will provide 12
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00098-00043137-00043358 single-family dwellings so the density
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00099-00043359-00043691 would be 12 units per acre plus 3
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00100-00043692-00043886 attached accessory dwelling units which
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00101-00043887-00044045 aren't factored into that density
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00102-00044046-00044510 calculation this is the project site
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00103-00044511-00044876 plan you can see garden ville road on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00104-00044877-00045206 the right side of that slide there are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00105-00045207-00045598 the two attached units on either corner
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00106-00045599-00045854 have attached accessory dwelling units
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00107-00045855-00046250 and you can see one middle lot at the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00108-00046251-00046463 top has also has an attached accessory
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00109-00046464-00046718 dwelling unit all the units are attached
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00110-00046719-00047066 by their garages and they're served by
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00111-00047067-00047660 one common public street and our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00112-00047661-00047837 engineering department anticipates the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00113-00047838-00048101 road being extended in the future to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00114-00048102-00048610 provide for additional access way
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00115-00048611-00048866 through future develop Lots to the east
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00116-00048867-00049226 or to the west I'm sorry so there you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00117-00049227-00049472 can see that stub stub there at the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00118-00049473-00049670 moment it allows for a fire turnaround
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00119-00049671-00050006 but eventually as development occurs we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00120-00050007-00050228 expect the Elson way to be extended
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00121-00050229-00050819 north here's the project landscaping
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00122-00050820-00051149 plan I will let the applicant describe a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00123-00051150-00051554 little bit more the plants and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00124-00051554-00051737 plants that they've chosen in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00125-00051738-00052121 specific locations these are the floor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00126-00052122-00052286 plans for the units so the square
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00127-00052287-00052550 footage for the units varies depending
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00128-00052551-00052695 on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00129-00052696-00052983 what the potential home buyer is looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00130-00052984-00053216 for as far as the ground-floor whether
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00131-00053217-00053504 they want to a flex indoor/outdoor space
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00132-00053504-00053973 or not the floor plan allows for that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00133-00053974-00054258 flexibility so that the the patio on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00134-00054259-00054525 ground floor could extend the living
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00135-00054526-00055083 room at the entrance here's some project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00136-00055084-00055290 elevations you can see the front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00137-00055291-00055476 elevations for a lot eight and seven and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00138-00055477-00055742 the Adu is kind of bookended on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00139-00055744-00056061 right side and the front elevations for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00140-00056062-00056433 a lot four and three they all have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00141-00056434-00057288 insect garages and front porches here
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00142-00057289-00057467 are the real rear elevations for a lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00143-00057469-00057714 seven and eight with that ad you and you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00144-00057715-00058020 can see it with with the fence and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00145-00058021-00058290 without and you can see a side view as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00146-00058291-00058815 well here our project elevations for a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00147-00058816-00059066 lot ten and nine with the ad you again
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00148-00059067-00059516 bookended on the right side and here's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00149-00059517-00059724 project elevation four Lots twelve and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00150-00059725-00060411 eleven Lots six and five and lots two
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00151-00060412-00061707 and one and this item did come before
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00152-00061708-00062121 you as a concept design item i believe
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00153-00062122-00062469 in july yes so july nineteen twenty
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00154-00062470-00062652 eighteen the project was presented as a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00155-00062653-00062973 concept designer of you item before the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00156-00062974-00063017 DRB
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00157-00063019-00063315 and i think the direction was to make
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00158-00063316-00063594 the rendering or make the elevation so a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00159-00063595-00064091 little punch here and to keep the narrow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00160-00064091-00064524 street down the center the applicant has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00161-00064525-00064695 kept that narrow street so there would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00162-00064696-00065103 be no parking allowed on the street but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00163-00065104-00065334 there's the site itself is over parked
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00164-00065335-00065475 with the two-car garages and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00165-00065476-00065936 driveway aprons
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00166-00065937-00066255 and the applicant is here if you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00167-00066256-00066579 any questions the planning and economic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00168-00066580-00066744 development department recommends that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00169-00066745-00066897 the designer be board by resolution
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00170-00066898-00067104 grant preliminary design review for the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00171-00067105-00067329 development of 12 single-family attached
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00172-00067330-00067494 units of which three will include
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00173-00067495-00067941 accessory dwelling units and then final
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00174-00067942-00068118 design and review is pending City
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00175-00068119-00068438 Council approval and if it pleases the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00176-00068439-00068765 board that can be deferred to staff or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00177-00068766-00069047 brought back to the designer of you born
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00178-00069048-00069776 thank you Thank You Kristen a questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00179-00069777-00070025 for staff will start with Adam I don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00180-00070026-00070731 have any questions for staff if I could
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00181-00070732-00071004 I'd like to defer one round thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00182-00071005-00071843 you got questions for staff thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00183-00071844-00072180 does the staff have an understanding of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00184-00072181-00072563 any future development master plan to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00185-00072564-00073071 the north or basically the adjacent the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00186-00073072-00073269 adjacent properties to kind of better
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00187-00073270-00073518 understand the potential of future
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00188-00073519-00073931 circulation given this lot and I believe
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00189-00073932-00074388 a a lot that is a few Lots into the West
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00190-00074389-00074625 that seems to develop in the similar
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00191-00074626-00075356 pattern yes so the r3 that's kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00192-00075357-00075534 fabric that's being introduced with this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00193-00075535-00075840 project so just curious about the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00194-00075841-00076160 north plan north in this in this case
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00195-00076161-00076404 sure and the city's engineering
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00196-00076405-00076635 department anticipates Elson wakes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00197-00076636-00076956 standing up and to the west along the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00198-00076957-00077148 northern border of those parcels that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00199-00077149-00077419 are currently zoned are are 20 and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00200-00077420-00077876 connecting to that Center Street where
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00201-00077877-00078168 Ravello the rubella subdivision
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00202-00078169-00078539 currently exists that zoned r31 eight
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00203-00078540-00078950 so that is the ultimate goal would be to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00204-00078951-00080432 connect those streets together thanks
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00205-00080433-00080857 Brett Warren questions for staff all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00206-00080858-00081026 right going down to the other end Henry
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00207-00081027-00081673 questions Andrew Chris and I'm wondering
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00208-00081674-00082079 when you said tentative map that the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00209-00082080-00082385 Planning Commission approved that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00210-00082386-00082643 so it's tentative pending the rezoning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00211-00082644-00082985 action from City Council correct and one
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00212-00082986-00083210 City Council makes the action then the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00213-00083211-00083471 tentative map becomes a permanent map is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00214-00083472-00083597 that correct did I get that into yes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00215-00083598-00083804 that also applies to the use permit as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00216-00083805-00084113 well okay as well so I've guess I guess
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00217-00084114-00084266 what I'm asking from a kind of like a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00218-00084267-00084587 procedural standpoint so typically when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00219-00084588-00084716 we see something that's already been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00220-00084717-00084887 approved from Planning Commission from a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00221-00084888-00085130 site plan standpoint we can't make any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00222-00085131-00085340 recommendations or changes is that the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00223-00085341-00085514 same here because it's tentative or can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00224-00085515-00085889 we tweak I'm just globally asking yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00225-00085890-00086066 so the tentative map is the subdivision
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00226-00086067-00086231 map it's been conditioned it's been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00227-00086232-00086369 reviewed the Planning Commission is the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00228-00086370-00086576 review Authority for a tentative map so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00229-00086577-00086794 that site plan has been adopted by the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00230-00086795-00087104 Planning Commission it's only tentative
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00231-00087105-00087257 in as much as it's subject to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00232-00087258-00087476 rezoning just like the small lot use
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00233-00087477-00087710 permit just like this design review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00234-00087711-00087901 would be should the design review board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00235-00087902-00088055 approve it tonight okay that's I just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00236-00088056-00088154 want to make sure that I was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00237-00088155-00088294 understanding of the mechanism there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00238-00088295-00089101 thanks Bill Eric questions for staff I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00239-00089102-00089273 assuming because we're at the stage fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00240-00089274-00089459 department signed off on it but my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00241-00089460-00089735 questions are did they what were their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00242-00089736-00089999 concerns specifically what I'm concerned
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00243-00090000-00090275 about is you know there's no parking on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00244-00090276-00090662 the street 24 foot wide street and we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00245-00090663-00090857 looking at parking for for in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00246-00090858-00090953 driveways
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00247-00090954-00091340 so where's where's an attack from the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00248-00091341-00091586 fire department in regards to if there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00249-00091587-00091783 a fire getting a ladder truck
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00250-00091784-00092581 stabilizers in etc so the road is meant
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00251-00092582-00092815 to be free and clear of any on street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00252-00092816-00093292 parking there's also a hammerhead turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00253-00093293-00093799 around you look at the bottom left of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00254-00093800-00094102 the site plan that allows for a fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00255-00094103-00094452 truck fire truck to turn around
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00256-00094453-00094807 okay so specifically did fire one - fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00257-00094808-00095026 have any concerns the other thing with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00258-00095027-00095292 the hammerhead turn around one of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00259-00095293-00095581 planning photos showed cars parked in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00260-00095582-00096094 that hammerhead turnaround area so I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00261-00096095-00096331 assuming it's supposed to be no street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00262-00096332-00096757 parking no parking in the Hammerhead and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00263-00096758-00097018 again the attack from the fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00264-00097019-00097333 department on a 33 foot building if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00265-00097334-00097516 there's two cars in the driveway two
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00266-00097517-00097831 cars in the garage that's my concern I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00267-00097832-00098274 not a fire the fire expert by any means
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00268-00098275-00098766 so I'm just curious to see what fires in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00269-00098767-00099013 so it was reviewed by fire it was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00270-00099014-00099295 conditioned accordingly I not only just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00271-00099296-00099523 fire but also the city's engineering
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00272-00099524-00099706 department for the roadway width for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00273-00099707-00099853 that future circulation that is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00274-00099854-00100066 anticipated to go to the properties to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00275-00100067-00100273 the north ultimately to connect over
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00276-00100274-00100672 tomorrow Road so all the city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00277-00100673-00100831 departments reviewed it I can't recall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00278-00100832-00101173 any specific concerns that they had but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00279-00101174-00101434 it was felt that the width was adequate
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00280-00101435-00101647 provided there was no parking so the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00281-00101648-00101821 trucks could have access to the sites
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00282-00101822-00101992 even in the event that there are cars
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00283-00101993-00102630 parked in the driveway thanks Eric drew
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00284-00102631-00102943 thank you check it I have a kind of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00285-00102944-00103219 follow-on question from Eric and I was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00286-00103220-00103540 looking at the the attached development
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00287-00103541-00103747 Advisory Committee document and I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00288-00103748-00103921 this is perhaps what Eric is referring
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00289-00103922-00104211 to specifically number 19 under fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00290-00104213-00104365 conditions it says where the vertical
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00291-00104366-00104629 distance between grade plane and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00292-00104630-00104820 highest roof surface exceeds 30 feet
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00293-00104821-00105046 approved or you know yadda yadda gotta
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00294-00105047-00105095 get out
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00295-00105096-00105304 but then if you go down a little bit it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00296-00105305-00105559 says aerial fire apparatus access road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00297-00105560-00105758 shall have a minimum unobstructed width
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00298-00105758-00106087 of 26 feet exclusive of shoulders in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00299-00106088-00106196 immediate vicinity of the building or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00300-00106197-00106358 portion thereof I think is that kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00301-00106358-00106510 what you're trying to get out a little
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00302-00106511-00106933 bit yeah my concern and again I'm not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00303-00106934-00107263 the expert is it creates a real public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00304-00107264-00107604 safety issue and problem
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00305-00107605-00107993 my experience is truck fire truck goes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00306-00107994-00108235 in ambulance follows in then you gotta
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00307-00108236-00108504 get another fire truck police cars and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00308-00108505-00108778 my experience from other similar
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00309-00108779-00109157 developments in this in the city is you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00310-00109158-00109283 can say there's no parking on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00311-00109283-00109600 street but it's gonna happen and with 33
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00312-00109601-00109774 foot tall buildings it's gonna require
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00313-00109775-00110147 at least one ladder truck which also has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00314-00110148-00110464 the stabilizers coming out so that's my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00315-00110465-00110720 concern with with it but if the fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00316-00110721-00110873 department signed off on it and that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00317-00110874-00111107 what I'm double checking on yeah so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00318-00111108-00111298 that's exactly the case that is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00319-00111299-00111443 condition came right from the fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00320-00111444-00111604 department they were satisfied that it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00321-00111605-00111883 was adequate for this project I'm also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00322-00111884-00112186 hearing the project engineer might have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00323-00112187-00112319 some comments on this and could maybe
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00324-00112320-00112699 expand on it further okay and then and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00325-00112700-00112871 then I actually had a I had kind of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00326-00112872-00113018 second question that I forgot about I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00327-00113019-00113173 wrote a note here and I forgot to ask
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00328-00113174-00113873 you guys so this is these are all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00329-00113874-00114049 technically single-family homes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00330-00114050-00114158 correct they're not it's not a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00331-00114158-00114371 multi-family development technically
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00332-00114372-00114569 with the 12 lot subdivision and so my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00333-00114570-00114763 question and that it basically is tied
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00334-00114764-00114910 to the you know typically when we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00335-00114911-00115210 develop multi-family you know the flats
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00336-00115211-00115384 or the ground-floor need to be fully
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00337-00115385-00115573 accessible so I guess that requirement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00338-00115574-00115951 is not part of this correct because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00339-00115952-00116168 they're single-family homes and so as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00340-00116169-00116389 such they're exempted from that required
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00341-00116390-00116659 as I correct I'm getting nods fine for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00342-00116660-00117040 me I think the architect behind you so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00343-00117041-00117259 don't know the the specific ad a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00344-00117260-00117422 requirements for this type of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00345-00117423-00117620 construction similar to the fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00346-00117621-00117797 department review it was referred to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00347-00117798-00118007 building building department it was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00348-00118008-00118224 conditioned accordingly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00349-00118225-00118491 so again the project design team might
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00350-00118492-00118758 be able to expand on that verse ignite I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00351-00118758-00118851 answered my question
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00352-00118852-00119052 with their nods behind Kristen either
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00353-00119053-00119430 thanks Gavin
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00354-00119431-00119759 you ready also just kind of wanted to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00355-00119760-00120183 get the lay of the land first questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00356-00120183-00120329 [Music]
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00357-00120330-00120750 about the connection with two questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00358-00120751-00120983 actually one first on connections with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00359-00120984-00121257 kerned railroad i know that the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00360-00121258-00121667 development just down to the west has a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00361-00121668-00121967 right turn only is it gonna be the same
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00362-00121968-00122723 prescription for turning onto Greenville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00363-00122724-00122931 I'm not sure I can look and see if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00364-00122932-00123099 there's a specific condition looks like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00365-00123100-00123314 Kristen a might have area yes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00366-00123315-00123677 it's condition number 16 under traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00367-00123678-00124050 it's on page 7 of the DAC report and it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00368-00124051-00124302 states Elson way shall be signed for a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00369-00124303-00124482 right turn only to exit onto Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00370-00124483-00124719 Road with one-way sign installed in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00371-00124720-00124984 median and I did forget to mention that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00372-00124985-00125250 Guerneville Road will be developed to a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00373-00125251-00125459 Boulevard standard so it will have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00374-00125460-00125979 median down the center and in the report
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00375-00125980-00126288 here I've got aged 10 to 13 just talking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00376-00126289-00126447 about that it's going to be improved as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00377-00126448-00126615 a Boulevard I just want to you know just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00378-00126616-00126809 make search for that so know that and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00379-00126810-00126990 that's great about the and I think it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00380-00126991-00127101 goes to Brett's question about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00381-00127102-00127361 circulation and habits gonna be extended
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00382-00127363-00127527 and how it fits in because we want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00383-00127528-00127709 maintain that cuz it's kind of brutal
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00384-00127710-00127920 longer and though I'm for driving right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00385-00127921-00128013 now
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00386-00128014-00128336 second question neighborhood comments
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00387-00128338-00128583 also in the staff report I and I see
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00388-00128583-00128799 that there were two questions from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00389-00128800-00129059 neighbors when the the the Friends
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00390-00129060-00129509 Meeting House and the neighbor to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00391-00129510-00129738 west were wondering about the fence I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00392-00129739-00130050 know that that was just on May 2nd when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00393-00130051-00130257 we got the it says in here you got from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00394-00130258-00130530 the Friends Meeting House the comment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00395-00130531-00130758 however the neighbors feeling about this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00396-00130758-00130840 now
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00397-00130841-00131614 their concerns been dressed so I'll let
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00398-00131615-00131965 the applicant discuss the west side but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00399-00131966-00132228 as far as the sorry the east side the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00400-00132229-00132558 property boundary that borders the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00401-00132559-00132838 religious facilities to the west but as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00402-00132839-00133147 far as the east side the single-family
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00403-00133148-00133309 home owner and the developer seem to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00404-00133310-00133528 have come to an agreement that the new
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00405-00133529-00133717 fence will be built entirely on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00406-00133718-00133954 developers property he had concerns
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00407-00133955-00134308 about his the safety of his dog and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00408-00134309-00134527 status of the existing fence on his
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00409-00134528-00135319 property the offense to the to the east
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00410-00135320-00135514 I'll let the developer talk about a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00411-00135515-00135772 little bit more but they felt bumping it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00412-00135773-00136032 up to eight feet would create a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00413-00136033-00136374 unpleasant rear yard experience for the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00414-00136375-00137716 new property owners oh so yeah I would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00415-00137717-00137983 create a unpleasant experience in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00416-00137984-00138460 rear yard it's still an option if the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00417-00138461-00138910 applicant decides to agree okay it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00418-00138911-00139072 also important to note that the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00419-00139073-00139273 ambient noise level just created by
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00420-00139274-00139513 Granville Road is already in the 70 DB
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00421-00139514-00139822 range and so that the fence is really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00422-00139823-00140146 designed to protect the inhabitants of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00423-00140147-00140380 this project in their rear yards so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00424-00140381-00140722 that's the key function of that that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00425-00140723-00140976 fence that they're proposing great yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00426-00140977-00141319 just to see what the relations were like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00427-00141320-00141478 with the neighbors I'm glad to hear that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00428-00141479-00142261 you're talking with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00429-00142262-00142547 we'll open up for public comment after
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00430-00142548-00142715 the applicant makes the presentation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00431-00142716-00143360 thank you I'll say thank you so I had
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00432-00143361-00143570 one question as well and it's more along
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00433-00143571-00143795 the lines of for all developments as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00434-00143796-00144074 opposed to just this one to apologize
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00435-00144075-00144257 for taking the time for this development
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00436-00144258-00144899 but on the DAC item it's all the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00437-00144900-00145205 stormwater items so several of them
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00438-00145206-00145574 talked about either reporting for a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00439-00145575-00145736 five-year donor to report for a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00440-00145737-00145928 five-year period or there's going to be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00441-00145929-00146102 a declaration of the maintenance
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00442-00146103-00146369 agreement with the city for the suit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00443-00146370-00146465 some BMPs
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00444-00146466-00146660 and so I'm just wondering how that works
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00445-00146661-00146873 with a subdivision where you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00446-00146874-00147068 owner at development is the developer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00447-00147069-00147254 and hypothetically the owner sells off
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00448-00147255-00147572 these units and then ongoing how the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00449-00147573-00148004 city tracks that yeah we defer to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00450-00148005-00148283 project engineer on that okay thanks
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00451-00148284-00148498 Dennis
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00452-00148499-00148724 yeah I'm just wondering from a city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00453-00148725-00148892 right is the joint main instant
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00454-00148893-00149171 agreement between 12 arts 12 parcels and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00455-00149172-00149354 then the next 12 you on the next side
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00456-00149355-00149525 and then 12 after that and then all of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00457-00149526-00149732 sudden the city's got their hands full
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00458-00149733-00150221 is what I'm getting at it you can when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00459-00150222-00150416 the applicant presentation happens I'd
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00460-00150417-00150671 be fantastic for that appreciate the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00461-00150672-00151202 education okay any other questions for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00462-00151203-00151517 staff with that I will invite the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00463-00151518-00153520 applicant team to make a presentation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00464-00153521-00153799 I'm no easier now rainy Figueredo from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00465-00153800-00154147 tyranny figure itto architects I have my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00466-00154148-00154384 clients they're here as well as well as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00467-00154385-00154792 Dennis and I'll let him do the very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00468-00154793-00155257 exciting drainage discussion after I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00469-00155258-00155701 done sir Owens awake so seems like most
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00470-00155702-00155887 of the questions that came about through
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00471-00155888-00156040 this kind of have to do with the site
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00472-00156041-00156316 plan the site planning the stree fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00473-00156317-00156673 department so you know when we looked at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00474-00156674-00156862 this project we were trying to balance a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00475-00156863-00157039 few different considerations you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00476-00157040-00157198 one of them was the general plan
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00477-00157199-00157429 midpoint density which would have been I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00478-00157430-00157879 believe 13 units on this site and we met
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00479-00157880-00158158 with with Bill Rose talked about the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00480-00158159-00158356 numbers bill made a very good suggestion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00481-00158357-00158614 and that ad use would be a good way to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00482-00158615-00158914 have a mix of housing types get more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00483-00158915-00159187 people on the site kind of provided with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00484-00159188-00159385 the what the city was looking for and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00485-00159386-00159681 then we dealt extensively with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00486-00159682-00159913 engineering in terms of the street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00487-00159914-00160168 because I think if I remember correctly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00488-00160169-00160312 when we went through concept design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00489-00160313-00160431 review this might have been a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00490-00160432-00160777 potentially a private Street in the city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00491-00160778-00161137 got involved in the idea that this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00492-00161138-00161329 really should be the connector to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00493-00161330-00161530 future development to the north whenever
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00494-00161531-00161794 that would occur even though it may be a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00495-00161795-00162016 very long term before it actually
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00496-00162017-00162259 happens so then we went to a public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00497-00162260-00162472 street kind of went back and forth on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00498-00162473-00162661 sidewalk on one side sidewalk on both
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00499-00162662-00163018 sides what were the dimensions you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00500-00163019-00163216 we wanted to do a double loaded street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00501-00163217-00163462 so we could you know keep the density up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00502-00163463-00163840 make it fairly efficient and then we met
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00503-00163841-00164146 with fire department kind of the answer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00504-00164147-00164403 the fire department question is is the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00505-00164404-00164709 street will have red painted curb the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00506-00164710-00164908 hammerhead will have a red painted curb
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00507-00164909-00165178 so there's no parking the way the fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00508-00165179-00165331 code is written
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00509-00165332-00165571 and it came in the one condition that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00510-00165572-00165891 was referenced is if the eve of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00511-00165892-00166147 building at the building wall is higher
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00512-00166148-00166563 than 30 feet then the fire code requires
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00513-00166564-00166824 that there be a certain street with for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00514-00166825-00167182 aerial apparatus so we're proposing is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00515-00167183-00167446 we're gonna keep that point to the wall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00516-00167447-00167710 below 30 feet so we're underneath the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00517-00167711-00167971 height that's where you know aerial
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00518-00167972-00168106 apparatus and the street width is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00519-00168107-00168406 required by the fire code and that's why
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00520-00168407-00168761 the fire department approved the project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00521-00168762-00169029 but had that condition that if we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00522-00169030-00169219 obviously change the height in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00523-00169220-00169350 construction documents you know we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00524-00169351-00169512 wouldn't be meeting their their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00525-00169513-00169677 requirements so that's that's kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00526-00169678-00170175 how the fire played into this you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00527-00170176-00170325 we really like having the double-loaded
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00528-00170326-00170521 Street because it allowed us to do a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00529-00170522-00170799 wide shallow unit typically these
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00530-00170800-00171077 projects these sort of see around town
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00531-00171078-00171636 they've got a really narrow long lot and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00532-00171637-00172002 attached home on them with either a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00533-00172003-00172219 single car garage or sometimes a tandem
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00534-00172220-00172503 garage double loading the street and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00535-00172504-00172660 doing this wide shallow arrangement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00536-00172661-00172906 allowed us to do two-car garage to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00537-00172907-00173095 Karger driveway so there's four parking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00538-00173096-00173335 spaces per home instead of the two and a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00539-00173336-00173506 half that's you know required for this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00540-00173507-00173734 type of development by the city it also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00541-00173735-00173988 allowed us to have a lot of windows
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00542-00173989-00174264 front and back a lot of light a lot of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00543-00174265-00174544 ventilation if you look at the floor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00544-00174545-00174777 plans it gives us you know really big
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00545-00174778-00174973 broad rooms we're kind of kitchen dining
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00546-00174974-00175191 living room all flowing together and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00547-00175192-00175386 having lots of glass instead of that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00548-00175387-00175609 deep tunnel effect with windows front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00549-00175610-00176011 and back you normally see we're having a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00550-00176012-00176218 bonus room on the lower level so you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00551-00176219-00176427 sort of come in an entry level at the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00552-00176428-00176613 ground floor by the garage and go up and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00553-00176614-00176860 the bonus rooms got you know three or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00554-00176861-00177054 four variation variations that the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00555-00177055-00177213 homeowners can do with it that we showed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00556-00177214-00177499 as options whether it's sliding barn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00557-00177500-00177741 doors can close the entry or keeping it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00558-00177742-00178024 all open or creating an actual separate
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00559-00178025-00178324 room my client really liked the idea of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00560-00178325-00178696 having some kind of a open abode
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00561-00178697-00178906 a folding stacking wall in the back so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00562-00178907-00179074 you can sort of see the rendering down
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00563-00179075-00179263 below in here when you open it up you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00564-00179264-00179556 can actually have a an open space so the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00565-00179557-00179833 the rear yards which aren't huge can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00566-00179834-00180015 essentially kind of flow indoors and you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00567-00180016-00180262 can have that extra you know ten feet of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00568-00180263-00180439 space gonna kind of feed in the in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00569-00180440-00180753 art that was one of the reasons in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00570-00180754-00181102 planning commission when the letter you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00571-00181103-00181402 know from the neighbors came asking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00572-00181403-00181663 about the sound and the fence you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00573-00181664-00181864 we'd really like to keep the fences it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00574-00181865-00182050 at standard six foot fences in those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00575-00182051-00182272 rear yards just so they're not so high
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00576-00182273-00182482 walled and in short and we already have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00577-00182483-00182797 in the lots of by Guerneville Road we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00578-00182798-00182968 already required to have 8-foot fences
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00579-00182969-00183445 on those from from sound I don't think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00580-00183446-00183751 our neighbors to the the East are really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00581-00183752-00183907 going to be impacted because there's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00582-00183908-00184341 pretty good sized parking lot between us
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00583-00184342-00184791 and there and their facility and you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00584-00184792-00184972 know and I think the neighbor on on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00585-00184973-00185125 west was mainly just concerned with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00586-00185126-00185497 construction in his and his dogs and you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00587-00185498-00185785 know I think once it's compelled and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00588-00185786-00185983 fences are up that's it's it's not going
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00589-00185984-00186298 to be an issue you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00590-00186299-00186622 architectural design itself again we've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00591-00186623-00186877 got the you know the two-car garages the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00592-00186878-00187207 the entry porches we're gonna have a mix
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00593-00187208-00187752 of horizontal and and some kind of you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00594-00187753-00187977 know signing with battens on it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00595-00187978-00188322 composition roofs standing seam metal
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00596-00188323-00188589 sun shades over some of the windows with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00597-00188590-00188869 some variations and then the ad use are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00598-00188870-00189031 gonna bring a little variety the project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00599-00189032-00189184 especially up on the street because the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00600-00189185-00189532 ad use will be facing on to you know on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00601-00189533-00190060 to Kernville Road you know we ended up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00602-00190061-00190341 with sidewalks on both sides of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00603-00190342-00190549 street because the shape required so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00604-00190550-00190909 it's pretty much going to be a standard
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00605-00190910-00191115 public street from the most part other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00606-00191116-00191588 than not having the the parking on it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00607-00191589-00192007 already Dennis oh my Dennis
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00608-00192008-00192199 talk a little bit about the engineering
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00609-00192200-00192703 that went into it first let me say good
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00610-00192704-00192958 evening I'm Dennis Davi with civil
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00611-00192959-00193111 design consultants and the civil
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00612-00193112-00193435 engineer for the project so to answer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00613-00193436-00193642 Scotts question about the SU some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00614-00193643-00193843 features and how they're maintained and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00615-00193844-00194185 how they're how they operate and who
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00616-00194186-00194287 takes care of them
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00617-00194288-00194527 generally most projects these days and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00618-00194528-00194683 I'm working on at the city of Santa Rosa
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00619-00194684-00195051 there is a maintenance agreement that is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00620-00195052-00195493 recorded at the time of the final map
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00621-00195494-00195868 recording so those maintenance
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00622-00195869-00196096 agreements would all be signed by the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00623-00196097-00196372 owner before everything is sold but they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00624-00196373-00196527 will run with the title of the property
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00625-00196528-00196777 so that will be that will be an item
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00626-00196778-00197116 that the that needs to be disclosed to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00627-00197117-00197263 the property owners they have to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00628-00197264-00197404 understand that they're signing them you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00629-00197405-00197554 know taking over a maintenance agreement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00630-00197555-00197776 for those suits on features and it'll be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00631-00197777-00197959 both you know any feature that's on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00632-00197960-00198109 private property and in the public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00633-00198110-00198379 right-of-way so they'll be responsible
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00634-00198380-00198721 for maintaining them and as far as su
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00635-00198722-00198868 sum goes you know it's the Regional
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00636-00198869-00199078 Board really that that's writing the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00637-00199079-00199291 rules the city is entering into
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00638-00199292-00199453 agreements with the Regional Board to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00639-00199454-00199807 follow their rules and you know it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00640-00199808-00200200 it's it's an it's a issue that things
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00641-00200201-00200455 change over time so the rules are always
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00642-00200456-00200776 getting stricter obviously and at this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00643-00200777-00201103 point right now I believe that there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00644-00201104-00201415 there's reporting required as far as any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00645-00201416-00201739 maintenance that occurs but not much
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00646-00201740-00201945 more than that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00647-00201946-00202657 okay Thank You honorable board members a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00648-00202658-00202876 few points that I think may not have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00649-00202877-00203044 been well enough addressed Bret's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00650-00203045-00203293 question is about the traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00651-00203294-00203635 circulation and the city is planning to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00652-00203636-00203890 do something with Ridley Road that's the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00653-00203891-00204340 road to the east that parallels Elson
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00654-00204341-00204502 they're planning that that would be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00655-00204503-00204790 extended at some point and that probably
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00656-00204791-00204994 that there'll be a connector that goes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00657-00204994-00205189 down through that parcel to that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00658-00205190-00205516 worth and that that was what they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00659-00205517-00205714 foreseen and that that road would go all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00660-00205715-00205942 the way to Marlo creating a circulation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00661-00205944-00206275 and they all say that's there's nothing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00662-00206276-00206515 there's there's certainly no budget for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00663-00206516-00206578 this right now
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00664-00206579-00206731 but that's what they see is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00665-00206732-00206911 development path certainly is what I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00666-00206912-00207166 would do it just makes all the sense in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00667-00207167-00207221 the world
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00668-00207221-00207671 am i red Lee would go with you would go
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00669-00207671-00207916 north not only this steel but not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00670-00207917-00208084 necessarily they didn't say that they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00671-00208085-00208309 just said north to at least that parcel
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00672-00208310-00208727 behind behind us where could then turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00673-00208728-00209128 over and go all the way to Marlo does
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00674-00209129-00209557 that make sense to you folks up and over
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00675-00209558-00210277 so yes I pardons and that would create
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00676-00210278-00210467 an alternate circulation plan by
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00677-00210467-00210682 paralleling by paralleling Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00678-00210683-00211141 road and paralleling the new Elson way
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00679-00211142-00211392 google maps it's Larry Drive
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00680-00211394-00211951 Larry is one Street past that which
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00681-00211952-00212615 narrow so between Larry which like I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00682-00212616-00212746 said maybe will approach them about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00683-00212748-00212926 doing more of what we're doing here
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00684-00212927-00213283 because we like it this my team has been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00685-00213284-00213544 working on this for at least a year and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00686-00213546-00213853 a half now we've spent a great deal of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00687-00213854-00214105 time honing in on what we could do with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00688-00214106-00214255 these parcels there were things that I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00689-00214256-00214448 thought were really important two car
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00690-00214448-00214763 garages side by side I thought and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00691-00214764-00215029 getting homes that are actually on their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00692-00215030-00215276 own lot whether it's a duet style or not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00693-00215277-00215431 people want to own their own piece of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00694-00215432-00215771 property we did there were a lot of fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00695-00215771-00216038 department concerns into Eric's when and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00696-00216039-00216217 then we didn't actually address this but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00697-00216219-00216433 the fun there was an issue if you folks
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00698-00216434-00216646 recall about parking on the street and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00699-00216648-00216826 being able to reach to the house so far
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00700-00216827-00217051 it was the latter and and these were
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00701-00217052-00217469 structured for that so we didn't spend a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00702-00217469-00217651 lot of time addressing fire issues and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00703-00217652-00217879 it doesn't meet what the City Fire
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00704-00217880-00218090 Department wanted and that did change
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00705-00218091-00218267 our design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00706-00218269-00218655 stormwater and procedures and I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00707-00218656-00218889 those are the only things that we didn't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00708-00218890-00219044 talk about before unless there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00709-00219046-00219194 something else that you would like from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00710-00219196-00219648 me I think we'll get into questions and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00711-00219648-00219833 comments from the board and we'll see
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00712-00219834-00219932 where that takes us
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00713-00219933-00220607 I look forward to any other items from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00714-00220608-00220998 the applicant team okay I would like to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00715-00220998-00221196 take the time to open up public comment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00716-00221196-00221496 on this item 6.1 and I know there's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00717-00221496-00221694 gentleman here to speak so if you want
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00718-00221694-00222023 to make your way up to the top podium
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00719-00222025-00222552 there and introduce yourself and you'll
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00720-00222553-00222705 have three minutes to address the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00721-00222706-00223634 audience thank you my name is Keith
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00722-00223635-00223866 bridges I'm representing the interests
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00723-00223867-00224031 of the redwood forest friends meaning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00724-00224032-00224415 I'm a member there I have been for 15
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00725-00224416-00224732 years we're a congregation that's been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00726-00224733-00225102 active in the county since 1969 and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00727-00225103-00225351 we've been at that particular campus
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00728-00225352-00225741 since 1994 and we're active in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00729-00225742-00226137 neighborhood we're active in maintaining
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00730-00226138-00226392 alternatives to violence project in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00731-00226392-00226731 county jail and in the prison system
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00732-00226732-00226950 throughout California some of our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00733-00226951-00227217 members have created the living room
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00734-00227217-00227459 which are familiar with in the county
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00735-00227460-00227802 and others have co-created the Santa
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00736-00227803-00228006 Rosa Creek Commons which is one of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00737-00228007-00228213 first co-hosting communities in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00738-00228214-00228548 United States and the early 1970s and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00739-00228548-00229173 continues to serve and on Sonoma Sonoma
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00740-00229173-00229367 Avenue in Santa Rosa serve as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00741-00229369-00229812 consultants other such communities
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00742-00229813-00229931 throughout the United States
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00743-00229932-00230388 so we've already sent our concerns
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00744-00230389-00230640 forward as an email so I'm not going to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00745-00230641-00230862 repeat that I just have a couple of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00746-00230863-00231077 other concerns that I want to mention
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00747-00231078-00231426 one is that this we don't have any issue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00748-00231427-00231548 with the density of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00749-00231548-00232015 project or the footprint of the project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00750-00232016-00232265 as you mentioned there's another project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00751-00232266-00232616 quite similar just about 300 feet to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00752-00232617-00232742 west
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00753-00232742-00233141 I believe it's 12 or 13 homes on 1.3
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00754-00233142-00233419 anchors but they're two stories are not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00755-00233421-00233648 three stories and that is our concern
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00756-00233648-00233923 this project being three stories right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00757-00233925-00234134 in the middle of a rural residential
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00758-00234135-00234544 area are our twenty or forty on old
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00759-00234546-00234701 sides
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00760-00234702-00234884 it's going to stick out like a brick in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00761-00234885-00235196 the road so it's it's height is some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00762-00235196-00235376 concern to us would be much more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00763-00235377-00235607 comfortable with the project thinks it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00764-00235608-00235856 would fit in the aesthetics of the area
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00765-00235857-00236110 much more if it would work two stories
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00766-00236111-00236392 the other concern that I'll mention is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00767-00236394-00236579 that there's no provision for guest
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00768-00236580-00236987 parking in this project the driveways
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00769-00236988-00237092 are quite short
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00770-00237092-00237419 they only accommodate two vehicles in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00771-00237419-00237769 each driveway and if they're anything
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00772-00237771-00238073 like me I stuff my garage with things
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00773-00238073-00238391 and the cars go out in front so if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00774-00238392-00238532 that's the way people are going to park
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00775-00238533-00238757 in this project their guests will park
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00776-00238758-00239129 in our church lot and we really don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00777-00239130-00239351 want to have to be towing cars our lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00778-00239352-00239494 is full three times a week
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00779-00239496-00240065 we built it small to encourage people to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00780-00240066-00240590 share rides to our facility so we really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00781-00240591-00240740 don't want to have a relationship with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00782-00240741-00240950 neighbors who were calling it a tow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00783-00240951-00241184 truck three or four times a week so it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00784-00241185-00241475 really wished that staff would work on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00785-00241476-00241792 developing some sort of guest parking or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00786-00241794-00242012 overflow parking for this it's just so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00787-00242013-00242288 dense that it doesn't allow certainly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00788-00242289-00242546 any street parking on Elson or Grenville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00789-00242546-00242773 Road and we're worried that there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00790-00242775-00242954 gonna be overflow parking in our lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00791-00242955-00243269 that we'll have to tow so those are our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00792-00243269-00243565 main concerns this is a clever project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00793-00243566-00243863 we have no problem with a footprint we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00794-00243864-00244016 understand that the city needs more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00795-00244017-00244494 housing and I think it's nicely designed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00796-00244496-00244735 we just have these concerns that we want
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00797-00244736-00244798 to put for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00798-00244798-00245065 I hope you take a look at the other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00799-00245066-00245459 email that was sent as well thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00800-00245460-00245917 thank you for your time and comments any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00801-00245917-00246135 other folks for public comment on this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00802-00246136-00246556 item seeing none I will close public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00803-00246557-00246857 comment and bring it back to the board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00804-00246858-00247398 as we operate in Rosenberg's rules we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00805-00247400-00247594 could certainly entertain a motion on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00806-00247594-00247873 the project and then get into questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00807-00247873-00248164 and discussions or we could take some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00808-00248165-00248341 questions first once everybody's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00809-00248342-00248967 thoughts all right we'll take some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00810-00248969-00249364 questions first madam you're ready I'd
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00811-00249365-00249558 like to defer again I chew on some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00812-00249559-00249915 things when I hear okay thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00813-00249916-00251167 read sure no I think you know the points
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00814-00251167-00251482 are well taken by the in the public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00815-00251483-00251653 comments and some things that you know I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00816-00251654-00251958 had hadn't considered as part of this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00817-00251959-00252759 but I also think it's very clever but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00818-00252760-00252952 yeah there is I guess for me as well I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00819-00252953-00253366 curious we talked about the height and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00820-00253367-00253603 you know being three stories and things
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00821-00253604-00253927 like that is there what what type of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00822-00253928-00254173 hype would you get if you had a typical
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00823-00254173-00254652 two-story type of structure in this case
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00824-00254653-00254929 what type of what height I'm sorry like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00825-00254930-00255238 are we you know well you take a floor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00826-00255239-00255941 off be nine feet lower than this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00827-00255942-00256680 the you know real you know realistically
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00828-00256681-00256827 looking at the project we're looking at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00829-00256828-00257046 the general plan like I mentioned before
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00830-00257046-00257214 I mean if we went strictly by the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00831-00257215-00257414 midpoint of general plan we would have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00832-00257415-00258006 thirteen units on the site so already
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00833-00258007-00258435 we're essentially as a and as the bottom
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00834-00258436-00258582 end of the density we could have and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00835-00258583-00258714 mean any kind of conformance with the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00836-00258715-00258921 general plan so really there was no way
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00837-00258921-00259364 to you know strip strip a story off and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00838-00259365-00259680 if I can have a few more words to that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00839-00259681-00259890 the so the midpoint what we're referring
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00840-00259891-00260106 to is eight to eighteen units is the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00841-00260107-00260286 density range for this site and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00842-00260287-00260567 general plan requires a midpoint of 13
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00843-00260569-00260829 units unless there are certain
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00844-00260830-00261023 site-specific constraints that really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00845-00261025-00261219 make it impossible to achieve that and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00846-00261219-00261486 in this case the project is at 12 units
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00847-00261487-00261732 an acre so that's one unit less than the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00848-00261733-00262089 midpoint and the reasoning behind it and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00849-00262090-00262239 the Planning Commission is we've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00850-00262240-00262521 indicated approve this site plan the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00851-00262522-00262698 reason for the 12 units being acceptable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00852-00262699-00263001 is the narrow configuration of a lot and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00853-00263002-00263199 the desire for the city to have that be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00854-00263200-00263385 a public street so I can have future
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00855-00263386-00263652 connection ultimately turning and going
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00856-00263653-00264057 towards Marlo behind this property so a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00857-00264058-00264330 little background as to how the 12 units
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00858-00264331-00264687 came to be yeah thank you yeah not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00859-00264688-00264837 necessarily concerned about the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00860-00264838-00265104 density but just the concerns about yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00861-00265105-00265362 trying to figure out where the you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00862-00265363-00265524 if it's possible with the heights and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00863-00265525-00265781 things like that that seems to be a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00864-00265782-00266151 concern that was expressed that's one of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00865-00266152-00266301 the reasons you know we have the ad use
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00866-00266302-00266658 on the the two southern properties so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00867-00266659-00266841 you've only got single-story actually up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00868-00266842-00267081 in the street yeah which I thought was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00869-00267082-00267258 an interesting kind of approach from a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00870-00267259-00267567 massing perspective going with the you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00871-00267568-00267941 know having basically a stepped kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00872-00267942-00268257 profile if you will you know lower
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00873-00268258-00268470 Denslow or density but lower height at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00874-00268471-00268538 burned
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00875-00268539-00268787 I'm kind of coming higher in the you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00876-00268788-00269087 know out back which which I think I can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00877-00269088-00269371 kind of understand and appreciate from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00878-00269372-00269735 you know how homes also stack in terms
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00879-00269736-00270137 of their architecture as well another
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00880-00270138-00270469 question I was kind of curious about was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00881-00270470-00270865 the private open space requirement I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00882-00270866-00271181 thought I had read in the DAC something
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00883-00271182-00271643 about 400 square feet per lot I noted
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00884-00271644-00271892 that all of the Lots have you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00885-00271893-00272225 rear yard that exceeds that that mark
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00886-00272226-00272564 however there's some concerns with the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00887-00272565-00272765 narrowness of some of the areas and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00888-00272766-00272975 know there was a bit of there was some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00889-00272976-00273256 conversation about kind of the flow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00890-00273257-00273503 indoor/outdoor with that bonus room
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00891-00273504-00273857 which I which kind of sounds which is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00892-00273858-00274022 which is nice especially given the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00893-00274023-00274252 climate and how people again really use
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00894-00274253-00274624 those bonus rooms some wondering if that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00895-00274625-00275078 if the if the current you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00896-00275079-00275354 current plan as it was approved if that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00897-00275355-00275627 adheres to that is that adhere to that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00898-00275628-00275932 requirement the four hundred square feet
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00899-00275933-00276221 properly I guess because I thought there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00900-00276222-00276374 was also something about a 15-foot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00901-00276375-00276782 dimension this is a discussion you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00902-00276783-00277022 we had early on with you know with Bill
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00903-00277023-00277604 and you know in his in his reading he
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00904-00277605-00277805 thought that these were yards you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00905-00277806-00277967 we're acceptable and then we did have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00906-00277968-00278200 the bonus room in the opening wall to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00907-00278201-00278438 you know to try to expand that and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00908-00278439-00278693 expand that space for the homeowners
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00909-00278694-00279086 okay there it's two dimensions that are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00910-00279087-00279461 required 15 foot setback essentially or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00911-00279462-00279665 width of the yard and then a 400 square
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00912-00279666-00279929 foot total area requirement and it does
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00913-00279930-00280061 meet that requirement both of those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00914-00280062-00280286 requirements yeah thanks for clarifying
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00915-00280287-00280543 I thought it was couldn't yeah anyway my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00916-00280544-00280880 interpretation of that language was was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00917-00280881-00281414 not correct so thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00918-00281415-00281709 some other I guess I realized this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00919-00281710-00281895 preliminary design review as well but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00920-00281896-00282255 some other concerns specifically related
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00921-00282256-00282672 to the landscape plan and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00922-00282673-00282897 bioretention and how that's functioning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00923-00282898-00283446 kind of going back from you know back
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00924-00283447-00283638 and forth between the tentative map and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00925-00283639-00283878 trying to kind of put together what that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00926-00283879-00284193 system was it's not it doesn't appear to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00927-00284194-00284742 be treated through plant material in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00928-00284743-00285048 soil it's a permeable gutter pan and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00929-00285049-00285302 then my assumption is that there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00930-00285303-00285606 capacity below that and then that's all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00931-00285607-00285960 you know piped our standard system so if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00932-00285961-00286179 that's can someone elaborate on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00933-00286180-00286259 quickly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00934-00286260-00286650 sure yes so so we are required to follow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00935-00286651-00287151 the city of Santa Rosa as led manual the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00936-00287152-00287360 we've got two different types of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00937-00287361-00287550 bioretention on this site we've got some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00938-00287551-00287898 landscape based in the two backyards of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00939-00287899-00288237 the corner Lots on Granville Road the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00940-00288238-00288606 remainder are basically it's like you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00941-00288607-00288828 said a permeable gutter pan and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00942-00288829-00289044 volume capture and treatment occurs
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00943-00289045-00289341 underneath the ground through the what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00944-00289342-00289548 what is referred to as structural soil
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00945-00289549-00289842 that is installed in that bioretention
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00946-00289843-00290115 bed so you're getting your cleaning and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00947-00290116-00290309 your volume capture through that soil
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00948-00290310-00290730 great okay yeah just trying to was I was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00949-00290731-00291273 wondering if it was some more this has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00950-00291274-00291506 more to do with space constraints no
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00951-00291507-00291792 generally on a subdivision like this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00952-00291793-00292005 there is a planter strip you know in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00953-00292006-00292131 between the sidewalk and the curb and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00954-00292132-00292239 that's generally where the landscape
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00955-00292240-00292497 based my retention occurs but the width
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00956-00292498-00292818 of this parcel was just too narrow to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00957-00292819-00293202 allow that to happen right yep totally
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00958-00293203-00293403 understand that and I guess that kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00959-00293404-00293609 also brings me to another point about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00960-00293610-00293876 just the nature of the streetscape and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00961-00293877-00294171 and I won't say anything I know that I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00962-00294172-00294294 know we're constrained
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00963-00294295-00294709 were constrained and you all have done I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00964-00294710-00294981 think a good job and kind of trying to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00965-00294982-00295412 make this as human humanized as possible
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00966-00295413-00295704 and so I do kind of appreciate that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00967-00295705-00295869 especially kind of the cross section
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00968-00295870-00296055 through the street it's fairly narrow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00969-00296056-00296541 and has a good I think a good proportion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00970-00296542-00296931 so some other things on the landscape
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00971-00296932-00297099 plan that was kind of curious about as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00972-00297100-00297771 well the yes or one one thing I would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00973-00297772-00298065 like to I guess see going forward as I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00974-00298066-00298259 know this has to be you know there has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00975-00298260-00298506 to be there's a certain there's certain
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00976-00298507-00298716 water requirements with Malang locals
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00977-00298717-00299037 and just to make sure that the plans
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00978-00299038-00299384 moving forward meet those meet those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00979-00299385-00299568 guidelines and meet the you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00980-00299569-00299823 city ordinances and code for those types
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00981-00299824-00300545 of things and then it looks like in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00982-00300546-00300822 and then just for the the vision
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00983-00300823-00301010 triangle which is kind of concerned in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00984-00301011-00301290 that in those two corners there are some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00985-00301291-00301488 tree symbols shown so just making sure
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00986-00301489-00301680 that that plant material adheres to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00987-00301681-00301832 those high requirements and the views
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00988-00301833-00302100 and the limb you know looming up of of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00989-00302101-00302841 certain trees and specimens
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00990-00302842-00303317 and I think that's all for me thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00991-00303318-00303468 thanks Brett
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00992-00303469-00303800 Warren questions for the applicant yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00993-00303801-00303904 thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00994-00303905-00304478 Rennie just a a quick question here one
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00995-00304479-00304691 of the wonderful things about ad use
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00996-00304692-00304998 banks have become very open now to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00997-00304999-00305402 having mortgages that own these realize
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00998-00305403-00305759 the benefits of of having a supplement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-00999-00305760-00306240 in revenue and I noticed the size of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01000-00306241-00306407 front pay to you it's it's modest it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01001-00306408-00306741 it's a wonderful unit is design one of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01002-00306742-00307242 the considerations has a question when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01003-00307243-00307435 you were looking at the overall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01004-00307436-00307665 buildings they're there they're massing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01005-00307666-00307914 issues obviously to contend with because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01006-00307915-00308166 you have a very narrow sight and it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01007-00308167-00308424 really in many ways one of the narrower
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01008-00308425-00308759 sites I I've known and and getting all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01009-00308760-00309029 of the units on it when the comment came
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01010-00309030-00309447 about Guerneville road and the I guess
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01011-00309448-00309584 it was the brick comment about the three
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01012-00309585-00309932 stories the capacity to have an Adu of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01013-00309933-00310331 700 750 square feet I think Bill's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01014-00310332-00310497 nodding his head that's a Nokia size the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01015-00310498-00310655 idea of actually having a second floor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01016-00310656-00311183 on that front of you increasing its rent
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01017-00311184-00311600 and amenities and softening the the idea
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01018-00311601-00311933 of the third level of the main unit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01019-00311934-00312152 above I can see there's a master bed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01020-00312153-00312318 there you have it's it's a noisy road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01021-00312319-00312677 you have higher line windows in some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01022-00312678-00312851 ways they kind of emphasize the height
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01023-00312852-00313235 that the question is in exploring the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01024-00313236-00313457 size of the ad you was was there ever a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01025-00313458-00313934 thought about the consideration the ad
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01026-00313935-00314129 you might have a deeper amenity and what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01027-00314130-00314459 what that might do in helping the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01028-00314460-00314772 homeowner better his day with even
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01029-00314773-00315090 better rent him possibly softening the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01030-00315091-00315417 three-story owner I mean I think it was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01031-00315418-00315540 brought on early on you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01032-00315541-00315698 conceptually
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01033-00315699-00315985 and Barry can correct me of home
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01034-00315986-00316388 wrong but I mean I think the preference
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01035-00316389-00316584 was to have the smaller more affordable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01036-00316585-00316814 unit there rather than trying to build
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01037-00316815-00317117 you know 800 square feet and have stairs
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01038-00317118-00317294 and have a second second floor there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01039-00317295-00317896 okay okay it was there was a question I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01040-00317897-00318122 understand about painting the curbs red
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01041-00318123-00318382 and and I understand that the 26 rule
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01042-00318383-00318832 and we've got a as I understand it the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01043-00318833-00319195 Public Works this this through Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01044-00319196-00319519 perhaps is one of the key reasons why
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01045-00319520-00319759 Public Works risk management has bought
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01046-00319760-00320240 off on the depth just some some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01047-00320241-00320741 fine-tune things I know that you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01048-00320742-00320977 some stone in the front if you call
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01049-00320978-00321328 ledge stone the veneer real stone is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01050-00321329-00321572 about the same price as the the cult the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01051-00321573-00321760 cultured which can fade and you can't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01052-00321761-00322093 bring the culture all the way the ground
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01053-00322094-00322370 that's a that's a fine tuned question
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01054-00322371-00322624 about looking at durability and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01055-00322625-00323029 longevity or no stone at all is also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01056-00323030-00323230 perhaps something since you're looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01057-00323231-00323693 at affordability yeah my and my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01058-00323694-00323972 understanding as you pursue the general
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01059-00323973-00324184 of 400-foot rule it is my understanding
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01060-00324185-00324504 as well that you can look at the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01061-00324505-00324772 side to side and the back to front and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01062-00324773-00325384 create a general area that that carves
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01063-00325385-00325605 that out and that's in my understanding
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01064-00325606-00325984 the the whole idea of this main floor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01065-00325985-00326264 entry the main livable second floor and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01066-00326265-00326720 third floors is by honoring the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01067-00326721-00326878 private space downstairs you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01068-00326879-00327181 created a lemonade condition literally
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01069-00327182-00327545 of having a less of a throwaway element
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01070-00327546-00327877 there and my understanding there is that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01071-00327878-00328030 that was not an afterthought that was a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01072-00328031-00328273 deliberate way to try to bring
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01073-00328274-00328381 ground-level
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01074-00328382-00328774 memories to our to the residents right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01075-00328775-00328981 right yeah it is mainly to create
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01076-00328982-00329209 options from the homeowners you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01077-00329210-00329323 anyone do with it with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01078-00329324-00329455 you know what they wonder whether I mean
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01079-00329456-00329653 I suppose somebody could could you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01080-00329654-00329824 use it for storage if they wanted but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01081-00329825-00330070 there's the you know the opportunity
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01082-00330071-00330253 there to create a really nice you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01083-00330254-00330409 alternate living space in that lower
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01084-00330410-00330631 level disconnected to the to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01085-00330632-00331009 backyard I don't think the board yet is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01086-00331010-00331183 saying this is maybe a planning combo
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01087-00331184-00331402 question but you have a private
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01088-00331403-00331579 residence that will go a title company
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01089-00331580-00331816 they'll own the loft with the ad you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01090-00331817-00332149 they need to steward there their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01091-00332150-00332635 appetite of their their record if they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01092-00332636-00332941 love cars too much there will be an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01093-00332942-00333334 internal harmony or some lease agreement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01094-00333335-00333652 between them so that fire departments
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01095-00333653-00334147 and the residents both doorbells somehow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01096-00334148-00334552 are simpatico okay yeah yeah well
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01097-00334553-00334917 definitely pure Barry will work head on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01098-00334918-00335293 actually again the couple of things
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01099-00335294-00335428 we've thought a long time about the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01100-00335429-00335824 parking and to Keith's concern if he's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01101-00335825-00336100 still here the driveways are adequate
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01102-00336101-00336310 for parking for each each driveway will
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01103-00336311-00336565 hold two additional cars there will be a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01104-00336566-00336862 deed restriction that says people have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01105-00336863-00337135 to park in the garage it'll say the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01106-00337136-00337408 garage has to be left clear so that they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01107-00337409-00337696 can park their cars in the garage my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01108-00337697-00337867 engineer and I sometimes disagree about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01109-00337868-00338047 things and that was actually one of them
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01110-00338048-00338326 because his garage looks like mine you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01111-00338327-00338551 know but the truth of it is is that this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01112-00338552-00338701 has works and does work in other places
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01113-00338702-00339121 we want them it's a deed restriction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01114-00339122-00339334 which means the neighbors have a Avenue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01115-00339335-00339667 and other people could do that too but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01116-00339668-00339898 that is a requirement of the project and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01117-00339899-00340195 I think that it never occurred to me
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01118-00340196-00340522 before Warren but I think putting a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01119-00340523-00340777 restriction is to one car for the ad you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01120-00340778-00341116 would be simple and smart and I I just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01121-00341117-00341347 dawned on me that's what we should be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01122-00341348-00341515 doing so it's in the rent where they go
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01123-00341516-00341746 on to a new renter there they will be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01124-00341747-00342076 excuse me they'll be for a rent the ad
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01125-00342077-00342280 you will yeah the ad you would be it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01126-00342281-00342476 not what I can see in the tenant map
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01127-00342477-00343034 it's it's a it's basically in the family
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01128-00343035-00343212 of the main unit it's it's that's what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01129-00343213-00343362 aid user all about it's not counting the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01130-00343363-00343727 density so typically the owner has a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01131-00343728-00343982 rent agreement with the ad you in that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01132-00343983-00344187 rent the renter can be a long-term
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01133-00344188-00344439 resident or perhaps short-term based on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01134-00344440-00344870 their behaviors yes this is true always
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01135-00344871-00345122 true yeah Oh something else I maybe want
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01136-00345123-00345320 to share with you this the inspiration
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01137-00345321-00345569 for this indoor/outdoor living space
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01138-00345570-00345791 downstairs came from travels that I've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01139-00345792-00346049 had throughout the world actually and in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01140-00346050-00346268 other places like Italy you go down the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01141-00346269-00346549 street and you can often see just a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01142-00346550-00346815 solid wall facade and then you open the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01143-00346816-00347099 door and you're into a courtyard and and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01144-00347100-00347333 I think people fall in love with their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01145-00347334-00347565 houses when they step inside that front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01146-00347566-00347909 door and stepping inside a small chamber
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01147-00347910-00348119 to look at a stairway going up the side
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01148-00348120-00348588 of the house doesn't inspire me opening
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01149-00348589-00348827 the door and going gee this is a man
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01150-00348828-00349091 cave you know this looks great and it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01151-00349092-00349413 been going up and senior living area is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01152-00349414-00349703 an extra reward and I think that was a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01153-00349704-00349979 big part of the concept and also to grab
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01154-00349980-00350258 more indoor/outdoor space created
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01155-00350259-00350862 completely different experience and if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01156-00350863-00351087 staff could add the edu does require a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01157-00351088-00351380 deed restriction that the main unit be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01158-00351381-00351668 owner occupied so that would be a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01159-00351669-00352175 requirement for this project Thank You
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01160-00352176-00352706 Warren Henry cushions yeah just a couple
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01161-00352707-00352916 minor ones and thank you for clarifying
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01162-00352917-00353216 the deed restriction because I did hear
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01163-00353217-00353537 the neighbors concerned loud and clear
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01164-00353538-00354071 about parking being an issue and is the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01165-00354072-00354377 deed restriction for one of the two car
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01166-00354378-00354620 spaces to always be clear of both voices
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01167-00354621-00354967 both of those spaces so in theory if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01168-00354968-00355277 somebody truly follows that then to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01169-00355278-00355424 two cars are inside and there would be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01170-00355425-00355710 two cars available for gaspard
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01171-00355711-00355956 parking apron parking or leaving open
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01172-00355957-00356434 okay this question is for Randy the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01173-00356435-00356908 color boards I noticed have a continuous
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01174-00356909-00357338 roof line the drawings in our packet
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01175-00357339-00357754 have shed dormers on the back side which
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01176-00357755-00358285 which ones are correct or are they do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01177-00358286-00359552 they differ per building block I don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01178-00359553-00360437 see them up on the color board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01179-00360438-00361970 there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01180-00361971-00362172 and you may have he may have done the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01181-00362173-00362354 color elevations a while back in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01182-00362355-00362658 packet are the latest I just was never T
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01183-00362659-00362904 on which one other color ones are the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01184-00362905-00363090 colored ones are really new so I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01185-00363091-00363617 the little dormers have gone away
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01187-00367123-00367293 lose a little bit of window follow-up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01188-00367294-00367578 question on that I can't see yeah yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01189-00367579-00367812 we lose a little little window I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01190-00367813-00368055 it depended on whether those those are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01191-00368056-00368340 the master bedrooms whether they had a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01192-00368341-00368874 higher ceiling plate or not yeah it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01193-00368875-00369111 looks like it's maybe one and a half two
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01194-00369112-00369593 feet at the most of window lost maybe
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01195-00369594-00369794 that last question
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01196-00369795-00370059 being of being one of the freshmen on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01197-00370060-00370305 the board I I didn't get a chance to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01198-00370306-00370575 review this at concept level so I went
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01199-00370576-00370947 back to the videotape and watched the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01200-00370948-00371364 proceeding and I'll save some of it for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01201-00371365-00371703 my final comments but in in that in that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01202-00371704-00371898 meeting you talked about or somebody on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01203-00371899-00372180 your team talked about the curbs being
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01204-00372181-00372723 rolled yeah that was an early that has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01205-00372724-00372930 gone away yeah yeah yeah that was an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01206-00372931-00373083 early version when I think it was still
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01207-00373084-00373406 a private Street and I was narrower
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01208-00373407-00373769 that's all the comments I had
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01209-00373770-00374750 thanks Henry drew so I was looking at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01210-00374751-00375157 the fence piece there's kind of a guess
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01211-00375158-00375478 what looks like a really basic fence
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01212-00375479-00375858 concept on the landscape drawing I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01213-00375859-00376237 assuming that the fence as it moves down
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01214-00376238-00376520 the property line it starts at 8 feet
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01215-00376521-00376780 then goes to 6 feet right and it's the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01216-00376781-00377270 same design the entire way and with this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01217-00377271-00377471 fence because it's an 8 foot sound fence
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01218-00377472-00377821 I believe were the ones that have to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01219-00377822-00378194 permit you to allow the top two feet to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01220-00378195-00378355 be solid unless the Planning Commission
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01221-00378356-00378674 already did that I know it's a kind of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01222-00378675-00378877 little little tiny thing but I'm curious
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01223-00378878-00379271 I just realize that the top two feet of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01224-00379272-00379648 the sound fence will be solid yeah but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01225-00379649-00380042 it's not allowed to be unless we say it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01226-00380043-00380599 can be oh say listen unless it's been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01227-00380600-00380830 already conditioned by perhaps the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01228-00380831-00380935 Planning Commission
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01229-00380936-00381109 yeah the planning the Planning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01230-00381110-00381368 Commission approved the fence design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01231-00381369-00381668 with the use permit the reason why it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01232-00381669-00382006 would be solid is to meet a general plan
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01233-00382007-00382282 requirement of lowering the decibel
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01234-00382283-00382472 level in the rear yards of these units
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01235-00382473-00382708 okay so having it open would defeat that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01236-00382709-00382769 purpose
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01237-00382770-00382951 yeah no and I'm okay with it being solid
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01238-00382952-00383077 I just wanted to make sure we didn't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01239-00383078-00383203 need to make a condition or a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01240-00383204-00383339 determination on that that it's already
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01241-00383340-00383581 been done elsewhere
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01242-00383582-00384130 I guess so that was kind of a hybrid
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01243-00384131-00384304 question there and then I guess my other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01244-00384305-00384743 question or did I write it I'm terribly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01245-00384744-00384788 sorry
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01246-00384789-00385313 Oh exterior light fixtures just gonna
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01247-00385314-00385724 have dark houses no catchy no what does
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01248-00385725-00385924 it look like I'm curious I would like to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01249-00385925-00386216 know well we were gonna bring that in on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01250-00386217-00386516 the final design review okay I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01251-00386517-00386578 that's good
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01252-00386579-00386792 but or do you have like an idea and what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01253-00386793-00387023 it might look like is it a sconce
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01254-00387024-00387101 there's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01255-00387102-00387302 Hawaii you know what what type of like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01256-00387303-00387416 exterior lighting were you kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01257-00387417-00387686 thinking about that would be a pretty
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01258-00387687-00388021 fairly contemporary shielded light mm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01259-00388022-00388280 and um you're open to brain you know a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01260-00388281-00388543 few of those details back into staff
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01261-00388544-00389015 final design review but no no giant
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01262-00389016-00389375 glowing rotating wrought iron shirt
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01263-00389376-00389504 those are my questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01264-00389505-00390200 Scott thanks drew Eric questions on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01265-00390201-00390440 DAC report under the traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01266-00390441-00390668 improvements who's financially
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01267-00390669-00390815 responsible for those changes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01268-00390816-00393103 specifically under item number 16 page 7
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01269-00393104-00393387 question sure so the changes that would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01270-00393388-00393741 be made to the existing median nose and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01271-00393742-00394071 said says shall be removed medium
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01272-00394072-00394235 extended and median nose construct and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01273-00394236-00394548 ending at the West curb return yes who's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01274-00394549-00394727 responsible for those so those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01275-00394728-00394893 improvements being installed by the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01276-00394894-00395700 developer will be okay yeah so my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01277-00395701-00395976 comments are one eye eye eye truly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01278-00395977-00396134 shared the concern with the neighbor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01279-00396135-00396707 regards to parking while seems to be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01280-00396708-00397116 traffic is my my issue here this evening
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01281-00397117-00397703 I I agree with what the neighbor said in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01282-00397704-00398091 regards to having guests parking I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01283-00398092-00398252 that it's something that the developer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01284-00398253-00398487 and the neighbors to the east need to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01285-00398488-00398925 work out regards to how we can prevent
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01286-00398926-00399332 that that overflow parking from guests
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01287-00399333-00399597 overnight guests day yes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01288-00399598-00399972 being there the other concern I have is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01289-00399973-00400200 a traffic safety issue and it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01290-00400201-00400371 specifically under that traffic number
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01291-00400372-00400842 16 where it's show we're in there it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01292-00400843-00401043 says that the meeting news shall be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01293-00401044-00401223 removed meeting an extended and meeting
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01294-00401224-00401448 it was constructed ending at the West
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01295-00401449-00401651 curb so I'm assuming the west prolong
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01296-00401652-00402087 curb line of Elson way so when looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01297-00402088-00402380 at that site map or to me and even
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01298-00402381-00402584 though there will be a sign that says
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01299-00402585-00402908 right turn only what will end up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01300-00402909-00403338 probably happening is those the vehicle
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01301-00403339-00403617 traffic exiting Elson onto Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01302-00403618-00403893 will turn slight right and then make a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01303-00403894-00404282 u-turn to head eastbound on to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01304-00404283-00404538 Guerneville Road and those vehicles that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01305-00404539-00404793 are approaching that development from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01306-00404794-00404884 the web
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01307-00404885-00405025 which are headed eastbound on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01308-00405026-00405253 Guerneville are not going to go to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01309-00405254-00405467 Wrigley make the u-turn and then come
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01310-00405468-00405662 back to the development they're gonna
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01311-00405663-00406126 make a more of a 60-degree turn to get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01312-00406127-00406282 into the development from the two wave
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01313-00406283-00406672 left turn lane my recommendation on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01314-00406673-00407076 would be to see if we can shorten that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01315-00407077-00407369 median nose not extending it so that way
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01316-00407370-00407728 it's even with the eastern prolong curb
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01317-00407729-00408031 line of ulsan so that way it allows for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01318-00408032-00408334 traffic vehicle traffic going eastbound
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01319-00408335-00408634 Guerneville to me that 90 degree turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01320-00408635-00408898 from the two wait turn left turn lane on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01321-00408899-00409142 tellson and vice versa that vehicle
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01322-00409143-00409370 traffic coming out and then making
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01323-00409371-00409601 90-degree turn across the to a left turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01324-00409602-00409837 lane on the eastbound Guerneville Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01325-00409838-00410105 that is much safer than trying to get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01326-00410106-00410426 vehicles making u-turns up early where
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01327-00410427-00410680 that traffic I think is at 45 miles an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01328-00410681-00410887 hour from correct or 40 miles an hour
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01329-00410888-00411220 and curve over and it may help alleviate
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01330-00411221-00411455 some of that traffic headed to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01331-00411456-00411605 neighbors because then you have that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01332-00411606-00411812 solid media in there you have less
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01333-00411813-00411949 people making the u-turn and they're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01334-00411950-00412205 gonna make that easy turn into the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01335-00412206-00412691 neighbor's property that would be my my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01336-00412692-00412960 concern with the way the approval is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01337-00412961-00413674 written in that in the DAC on that and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01338-00413675-00414118 understand the deed restrictions my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01339-00414119-00414364 experience is that they're very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01340-00414364-00414674 unenforceable it's it's a civil action
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01341-00414675-00414918 in order to enforce a deed restriction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01342-00414919-00415309 upon a neighbor etc and I don't think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01343-00415310-00415447 that's a fair burden to any of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01344-00415448-00415618 neighbors that are there that that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01345-00415619-00415843 reside there on the proposed development
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01346-00415844-00416053 or the surrounding neighbor or the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01347-00416054-00416468 neighbor to the east and I'm looking for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01348-00416468-00416705 maybe some suggestions on how we can get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01349-00416706-00416920 around that issue I mean I keeping the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01350-00416921-00417168 grant deed in place but what would be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01351-00417169-00417472 some recommendations that you guys can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01352-00417473-00417728 make in regards to how do we become a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01353-00417729-00418020 good neighbor
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01354-00418021-00418409 how to really be a top parking concern
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01355-00418410-00418647 well most most of the off-street parking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01356-00418648-00418872 lots that I've seen it have a control
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01357-00418873-00419364 issue put a gate in they put a gate in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01358-00419364-00419622 I'm sorry if they put a gate in they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01359-00419623-00419841 locked their parking lot with a gate and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01360-00419842-00420072 that keeps unwanted traffic out of their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01361-00420073-00420393 parking lot I mean besides that I'm not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01362-00420394-00420706 sure anything else that can be done on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01363-00420707-00421027 this project alleviate people I mean
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01364-00421028-00421330 just it's the same as a deed restriction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01365-00421331-00421525 would be an unenforceable a restriction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01366-00421526-00421705 on its telling people that they can't go
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01367-00421706-00421962 park over there how do you I mean how do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01368-00421963-00422347 you enforce that especially when these
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01369-00422347-00422616 are for sale homes that you know the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01370-00422617-00422818 developer can only do what he can with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01371-00422818-00423066 say something like a deed restriction to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01372-00423067-00423312 trying to try and encourage the people
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01373-00423313-00423631 to park on their own Lots park on their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01374-00423632-00423955 own driveways the short of that I'm not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01375-00423956-00424108 sure that there is any enforcement
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01376-00424109-00424422 mechanism that the developer has to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01377-00424423-00424616 assure that that doesn't happen
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01378-00424617-00424872 besides securing the parking lot from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01379-00424873-00425512 unwanted traffic just a few thoughts on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01380-00425513-00425722 the layout which is really what's I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01381-00425722-00425887 think driving this we had to strip the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01382-00425888-00426147 parking away to make the width work for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01383-00426148-00426337 the fire truck access and the turnaround
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01384-00426338-00426706 it was mentioned that this has been an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01385-00426707-00426970 ongoing discussion and I think that to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01386-00426971-00427185 say that it was an exhaustive process is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01387-00427186-00427410 probably an understatement we've been in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01388-00427411-00427603 discussion and when I say we it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01389-00427604-00427927 planning the developer his design team
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01390-00427928-00428139 fire department engineering department
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01391-00428140-00428439 and the challenge here really is trying
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01392-00428440-00428695 to satisfy multiple goals I mentioned
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01393-00428696-00428932 the density issue it's a real driver and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01394-00428933-00429118 everything we do is I know the board is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01395-00429118-00429318 well aware of as we try to achieve our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01396-00429319-00429639 our housing densities but we also have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01397-00429640-00429904 to be mindful of safety we also have to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01398-00429905-00430135 be mindful of greater area circulation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01399-00430135-00430183 needs
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01400-00430184-00430453 hence the public street if it was a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01401-00430454-00430591 private street we could have had a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01402-00430592-00430855 different configuration probably so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01403-00430856-00431112 just want to reiterate that content
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01404-00431113-00431466 this design did not come easily and it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01405-00431467-00431993 it took a lot to get here and you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01406-00431994-00432187 now it's a problem that occurs on it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01407-00432188-00432672 every project of any type of density the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01408-00432672-00432960 I mean the reality is the raw numbers on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01409-00432960-00433227 this project is that we have eighteen
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01410-00433228-00433460 more parking spaces than the city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01411-00433462-00433710 requires and I can probably count the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01412-00433710-00433899 number of projects I've done in 30 years
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01413-00433900-00434118 that have more parking spaces than the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01414-00434118-00434649 minimum required in one hand so there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01415-00434650-00434943 a lot of places for you know for people
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01416-00434943-00435435 to for people to park and and the you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01417-00435435-00435624 know putting storage in the garage issue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01418-00435625-00435825 it kind of comes up on every project to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01419-00435826-00435981 whether it's a one car garage or a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01420-00435982-00436187 two-car garage but at least having the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01421-00436188-00436352 two-car garages
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01422-00436353-00436605 you know you you've at least got the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01423-00436606-00436899 potential for for having more more space
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01424-00436900-00437768 and more parking Eric if I can go on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01425-00437769-00437991 about the the right turning right turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01426-00437992-00438282 out so you know we are right now we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01427-00438283-00438441 kind of read we're restricted to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01428-00438442-00438732 conditions that were approved by the and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01429-00438733-00438893 the condition was written by traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01430-00438893-00439185 it's what they wanted us to do you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01431-00439185-00439380 wasn't our choice to do that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01432-00439381-00439652 I'm sure Barry would just assume have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01433-00439653-00440014 full in-and-out rights on his property
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01434-00440015-00440360 but you know it it's it's come down from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01435-00440362-00440550 traffic and we're just meeting what the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01436-00440551-00440832 traffic is asking us to do it just to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01437-00440833-00441126 follow up on that if the board desires
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01438-00441127-00441297 to change that condition because we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01439-00441297-00441432 don't have anybody from traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01440-00441433-00441603 engineering here tonight staff would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01441-00441604-00441897 recommend that we don't make that change
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01442-00441897-00442077 until we have the feedback from the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01443-00442078-00442632 traffic engineering department bill word
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01444-00442633-00442905 that feedback come come back to you or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01445-00442906-00443091 when it come back to the board or in a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01446-00443092-00443197 written format
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01447-00443198-00443443 well it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01448-00443445-00443663 I think the board would have to continue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01449-00443664-00443855 the item we'd have to get feedback from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01450-00443856-00444059 the track we'd have we'd have to fully
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01451-00444060-00444247 understand exactly what the board would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01452-00444249-00444572 like to see with a modified condition
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01453-00444572-00444739 we'd have to continue the item get the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01454-00444741-00444941 feedback from the traffic engineer and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01455-00444942-00445685 bring this then back to the TRP okay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01456-00445685-00445949 thank you just another way to put it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01457-00445950-00446138 staff at this table really has no
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01458-00446139-00446497 purview to modify that condition no and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01459-00446499-00446618 I understand that and I understand the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01460-00446618-00447039 concern of not extending the review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01461-00447041-00447500 process for the developer and I'm free
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01462-00447501-00447755 sheet of that and I understand you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01463-00447756-00447926 the neighbors concerns such as you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01464-00447927-00448109 there's three stories but we have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01465-00448110-00448322 similar project at Stream Highway 12
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01466-00448322-00448597 inch stream line that stood out what it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01467-00448599-00448754 was first built and his landscaping grew
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01468-00448755-00448939 and it became you know a lot more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01469-00448941-00449264 attractive and but really I'm trying to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01470-00449264-00449417 look at it from a practical standpoint
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01471-00449418-00449609 and the safety standpoint in regards to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01472-00449610-00449783 the traffic engineering because I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01473-00449784-00450713 that was it over and over State great
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01474-00450714-00450887 thank you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01475-00450888-00451121 I definitely appreciate it there's been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01476-00451122-00451391 a lot of thought in this this project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01477-00451392-00451543 and you guys have thought through a lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01478-00451545-00451862 of a lot of the issues and I'm real glad
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01479-00451863-00451997 you're talking to the neighbors and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01480-00451997-00452513 familiar those concerns and I like the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01481-00452514-00452825 point about man.you travels if I know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01482-00452826-00453122 sort of those Italian feeling of where
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01483-00453122-00453322 you come into the home and it's opened
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01484-00453324-00453470 up I've ever appreciate that you're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01485-00453471-00453776 thinking that way also because yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01486-00453777-00453983 providing more space some more openness
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01487-00453984-00454372 is great partially because this is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01488-00454374-00454685 very small narrow sight and so I know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01489-00454685-00455063 you're making a lot of every choice you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01490-00455064-00455471 make is very has a lot of ripple effects
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01491-00455472-00456122 I can imagine in including some of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01492-00456122-00456322 concerns about the height
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01493-00456324-00456622 of the the project and I'm looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01494-00456624-00457004 primarily at the the planting plan the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01495-00457005-00457564 landscape plan that in terms of street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01496-00457566-00457784 trees also in the ones that species
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01497-00457785-00457982 you've called out choices could be made
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01498-00457983-00458243 to you know thinking of having larger
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01499-00458243-00458435 trees that would grow more upright to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01500-00458435-00458705 create more of a buffer from these very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01501-00458706-00458846 really tall buildings you know all of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01502-00458847-00458996 sudden you go down going down that block
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01503-00458997-00459134 and you have three-story buildings
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01504-00459135-00459314 having something that eventually will
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01505-00459314-00459772 grow taller and and buffer a little bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01506-00459774-00459992 could actually because I know there are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01507-00459993-00460250 larger trees down there and so just just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01508-00460251-00460505 looking at you know where you called out
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01509-00460506-00460670 the largest streets trees the crepe
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01510-00460671-00461075 myrtle and the Laurel you know thinking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01511-00461076-00461216 of just thinking of other species
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01512-00461217-00461381 something that would grow a little bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01513-00461382-00461828 either faster or with a larger canyons
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01514-00461829-00461927 excuse me
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01515-00461928-00462197 a larger crown or taller something to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01516-00462197-00462488 provide more of you know thinking you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01517-00462489-00462707 know it's almost like in LA rather than
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01518-00462708-00463039 sort of individual trees great muralism
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01519-00463041-00463451 and you know grow thinking grow big but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01520-00463452-00463643 it takes a very long time to grow the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01521-00463643-00464078 laurels they can be grown in to specimen
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01522-00464079-00464267 trees but they also really like to be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01523-00464268-00464539 shrubs and grow very columnar and so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01524-00464541-00464726 there would have to be specific choices
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01525-00464727-00464852 to be made in terms of how they're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01526-00464853-00465017 actually pruned and choosing the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01527-00465018-00465188 specimen trees you can choose larger
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01528-00465189-00465521 trees to begin with - so just wanting to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01529-00465522-00465830 maybe tweak those choices to specific
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01530-00465831-00466114 tree species choices a little bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01531-00466114-00466564 another thought and question for you is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01532-00466566-00467197 about the bioretention versus bioswales
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01533-00467199-00467518 I know you're dealing with the Li d
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01534-00467518-00467839 Emmanuel and you only have the on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01535-00467839-00468110 the landscape plan the two bio beds
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01536-00468110-00468614 called out and the corner Lots and then
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01537-00468614-00468806 you have a lot of the permeable gutter
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01538-00468807-00469307 pans question about those sidewalks and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01539-00469308-00469652 the permeable gutters so the sidewalks
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01540-00469653-00470014 I've been trying to like this a little
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01541-00470016-00470222 bit busy here on the plans to figure it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01542-00470222-00470422 out so the sidewalks they're six foot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01543-00470424-00470657 six inches and they come directly up to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01544-00470658-00470753 this side of the street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01545-00470754-00471074 yes contiguous okay there's no snow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01546-00471075-00471251 planting strip and correct you mentioned
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01547-00471252-00471338 something like that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01548-00471339-00472112 correct so in the the deck that you guys
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01549-00472113-00472457 have included as well you you do have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01550-00472458-00472916 the the bioretention call out with you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01551-00472917-00473063 know and the pictures that you've got in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01552-00473064-00473272 there which are from the manual are of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01553-00473274-00473357 bioswales
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01554-00473358-00473972 with you know cuts with you know plants
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01555-00473972-00474170 and everything but we've called that and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01556-00474171-00474302 underneath the sidewalks are all that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01557-00474303-00474527 structural soil and so it's not going to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01558-00474528-00474722 be bioswales it's going to be gutters
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01559-00474722-00474985 going into underneath the sidewalk of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01560-00474987-00475205 just a structural soil yes filtering
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01561-00475206-00475493 through the structural slab okay yes I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01562-00475493-00475925 do want to you know I would want to see
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01563-00475926-00476204 that called out in the landscape plan it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01564-00476205-00476647 says a per the civils sheet and I want
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01565-00476649-00476954 to see that also just to see you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01566-00476955-00477104 how deep that's going to be how much
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01567-00477105-00477329 because I you know there's a lot of area
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01568-00477330-00477547 and I wonder how much it's going to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01569-00477549-00477743 actually filter how much water it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01570-00477743-00477977 going to capture how deep it's going to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01571-00477978-00478202 be because it's gonna be capped over you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01572-00478203-00478328 know I want to see where those cuts are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01573-00478329-00478577 gonna be in the you know what I want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01574-00478578-00478709 see a little bit more detail of actually
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01575-00478710-00478949 how it's going to be meeting those led
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01576-00478950-00479160 concerns
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01577-00479162-00479489 okay so we're required to prepare what's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01578-00479489-00479657 called a preliminary storm water
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01579-00479658-00479837 mitigation plan and all those details
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01580-00479838-00480146 are included in that plan okay okay so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01581-00480147-00480374 it's I'm not sure doesn't because design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01582-00480375-00480647 review not get that plan so bill are we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01583-00480647-00481025 teetering in between the tentative map
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01584-00481026-00481181 what it logs in with plan
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01585-00481182-00481435 Commission approval versus what we see
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01586-00481436-00481775 here in design review this is these are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01587-00481776-00481976 the new folks that are on the board that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01588-00481977-00482237 haven't run into this quite yet yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01589-00482238-00482480 you're getting into some pretty finer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01590-00482481-00482699 details construction drawings things
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01591-00482700-00482912 that you would see at that stage for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01592-00482913-00483293 sure so I don't know if that was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01593-00483293-00483635 submitted as part of this package but it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01594-00483635-00483868 wouldn't surprise me it comes at a later
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01595-00483869-00484241 date and it's yeah they definitely
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01596-00484242-00484502 appreciate that and where things land in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01597-00484503-00484739 the process I mainly just want us and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01598-00484739-00484960 curious about the thought process fine
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01599-00484961-00485189 and that and that that is being taken
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01600-00485189-00485360 into account sounds like it is which is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01601-00485360-00485658 great because it's a fair amount there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01602-00485659-00486037 also how that all the sidewalks being
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01603-00486038-00486256 continuous to the street how going
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01604-00486257-00486514 towards traffic and safety you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01605-00486515-00486704 these are family homes too
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01606-00486705-00487025 wondering about children playing on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01607-00487026-00487220 sidewalks going into the street this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01608-00487221-00487400 again this is it's all packed in very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01609-00487401-00487612 very tight wondering if there can be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01610-00487613-00487841 more if there can be some sort of buffer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01611-00487842-00488279 between you know sidewalk street I know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01612-00488280-00488431 it's a clue as of now to be a closed off
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01613-00488432-00488681 road but any through traffic again we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01614-00488682-00489268 working a really narrow site setback
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01615-00489269-00489416 requirements are gonna preclude us from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01616-00489417-00489701 getting any kind of buffer between this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01617-00489702-00489883 between the curb and the sidewalk okay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01618-00489884-00490064 we just don't have the room on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01619-00490064-00490385 narrow narrow um piece of property okay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01620-00490385-00491645 I think that covers my questions thank
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01621-00491646-00492047 you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01622-00492047-00492281 I actually have two additional questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01623-00492282-00492570 for the applicant team just cuz I wasn't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01624-00492571-00492872 finding the answer in the plan set I was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01625-00492872-00493060 trying to find it and I couldn't I tried
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01626-00493061-00493239 to answer my own question but I couldn't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01627-00493240-00493591 so the rear yards
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01628-00493592-00493960 are they grass are they paving are they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01629-00493960-00494164 flagstone what are they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01630-00494164-00494410 or is that dependent upon who owns the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01631-00494410-00494643 property yeah typically that's dependent
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01632-00494645-00494971 on the property owner and so I guess I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01633-00494972-00495367 curious from a civil standpoint what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01634-00495368-00495676 impacts do per meal for permeable versus
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01635-00495677-00495918 non permeable in that rear yard have on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01636-00495920-00496218 any of your retention or anything else
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01637-00496220-00496339 happening on the front side of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01638-00496339-00496774 property impacts so the the backyards
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01639-00496775-00497092 drained from the back to the front right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01640-00497093-00497341 so and we can only design to what we are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01641-00497342-00497821 designing to which which is pervious
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01642-00497822-00498079 backyards there may be a little section
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01643-00498080-00498249 where the garage is but up against the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01644-00498250-00498624 the back fence that might be concrete
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01645-00498625-00498855 but that will only be behind the garage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01646-00498856-00499534 the backyards as sold will be just I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01647-00499535-00499678 not sure what Barry's finding on doing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01648-00499679-00499846 it if anything in the backyards besides
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01649-00499847-00500188 leaving bare ground mhm so and how does
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01650-00500189-00500521 that impact money I mean it's it's all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01651-00500522-00500779 going to drain as long as the new
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01652-00500780-00500971 homeowners don't block the drainage I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01653-00500972-00501163 mean we don't we really don't have any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01654-00501164-00501364 control over that once they you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01655-00501364-00501718 once the houses are sold and so you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01656-00501718-00501907 everything is designed to meet the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01657-00501908-00502180 city's Li D manual yeah I'm just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01658-00502181-00502384 wondering if you get you know like mr.
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01659-00502385-00502432 crazy
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01660-00502433-00502681 I want a concrete backyard homeowner and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01661-00502682-00502831 he just pours it full of concrete and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01662-00502832-00503064 then what does that do you know to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01663-00503066-00503212 next home or the next home and how does
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01664-00503213-00503476 that anyway it shouldn't have fail and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01665-00503477-00503653 again unless he redirects the drainage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01666-00503654-00503857 or he or she redirects the drainage it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01667-00503858-00504025 shouldn't have any impact they are all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01668-00504026-00504202 the all the Lots are gonna be designed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01669-00504203-00504522 to drain independently okay cool I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01670-00504524-00504727 satisfied and then the other question I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01671-00504728-00505012 had is for Randy on your conceptual
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01672-00505013-00505441 section through the garage that porch it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01673-00505442-00505696 looks significantly lower than the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01674-00505697-00505954 adjacent finished floor and then with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01675-00505955-00506170 the solid wall you've kind of made a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01676-00506171-00506691 bathtub sort of so I'm curious
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01677-00506692-00507014 is is do you have a plan for kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01678-00507016-00507289 like a sleeper system in there with a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01679-00507291-00507759 you know like a roof deck with drainage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01680-00507760-00508160 or how does water get out from that very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01681-00508162-00508437 back porches turn the entry porch know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01682-00508438-00508713 that the back porch over the garage on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01683-00508714-00508896 the rear of the property oh yeah no I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01684-00508897-00509097 mean it'll it'll have a it'll have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01685-00509097-00509370 deck drain on it okay yeah yeah so it'll
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01686-00509371-00509571 be it'll be a roof deck with write
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01687-00509572-00509778 something on brow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01688-00509779-00509979 whether it's sleepers with you know wood
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01689-00509980-00510267 decking or right sometime oh yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01690-00510268-00510471 you know rolled on material or built
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01691-00510472-00510689 right yeah it's a dream okay cool
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01692-00510691-00510930 yeah I just I just my wheels got
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01693-00510931-00511097 spinning on that I'm like oh there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01694-00511099-00511275 there's no place for water to go you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01695-00511276-00511638 just made bathroom okay I tried to avoid
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01696-00511639-00511881 bathtubs on roofs yeah there's my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01697-00511882-00512460 question Scott thanks drew and most of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01698-00512460-00512631 the questions that I had had been asked
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01699-00512632-00512856 so I don't have any further questions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01700-00512857-00513485 for the applicant
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01701-00513485-00513747 what's the developers feelings regards
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01702-00513747-00513888 to pain for half the cost of an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01703-00513889-00514026 electronic gate for your neighbors to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01704-00514027-00514779 the east wouldn't be my first choice
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01705-00514780-00515388 what would be your first choice to let
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01706-00515389-00515751 it the project go forward over parked as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01707-00515752-00515985 it is and if it proves to be a problem
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01708-00515985-00516197 it really is the neighbors something the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01709-00516199-00516426 neighbor has to deal with whether it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01710-00516427-00516828 people from my project or somebody else
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01711-00516829-00517431 you know I can't address that normally a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01712-00517432-00517587 person has to take care of their own
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01713-00517588-00518262 property
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01714-00518263-00518608 okay thanks for all the questions and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01715-00518609-00518760 thank you for answering the questions as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01716-00518762-00518968 best as possible and I'll bring it back
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01717-00518968-00519214 to the board and to see if we have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01718-00519214-00519568 motion to be made I have a motion he's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01719-00519568-00519976 got I move to approve preliminary design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01720-00519977-00520438 review only of burns over at Holmes file
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01721-00520439-00521613 a number prj 18 - 0 3 9 and that is all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01722-00521614-00522138 well second okay so we've got a motion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01723-00522139-00522412 for preliminary design review approval
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01724-00522413-00522679 for the Kernersville Road homes project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01725-00522680-00523075 located at 1665 Greenville Road APN 1 3
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01726-00523076-00523702 6 - 1 0 1 - 2 0 1 0 file number PR J 1 8
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01727-00523703-00524062 - 2 0 8 9 would you like to waive the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01728-00524063-00524164 reading of the text
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01729-00524164-00524272 I would like to waive the reading of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01730-00524272-00524472 text yes fantastic and we've got a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01731-00524473-00524943 second of that motion from and open I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01732-00524944-00525243 make an amendment well just open it up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01733-00525244-00525361 bring it back to the board for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01734-00525362-00525613 discussion and then any friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01735-00525614-00525949 amendments to the motion and then I if I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01736-00525950-00526156 may there's a very specific reason why I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01737-00526157-00526416 did not defer final Design Review staff
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01738-00526417-00526947 if you guys are curious so three reasons
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01739-00526948-00527518 one and this is my personal opinion when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01740-00527519-00527916 I like to defer I'll of deferring final
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01741-00527917-00528226 design of staff if all of the documents
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01742-00528227-00528409 required for final design of view are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01743-00528410-00528691 present at preliminary design review so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01744-00528692-00528913 I'm uncomfortable deferring the staff
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01745-00528914-00529156 because there are large elements that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01746-00529157-00529303 are required for final design review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01747-00529304-00529582 that we haven't seen so that's that's my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01748-00529583-00529930 opinion the second reason is because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01749-00529931-00530209 we've had kind of a wide range of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01750-00530210-00530497 questions about various things my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01751-00530498-00530670 feeling is that the board has some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01752-00530671-00530920 additional questions for you and I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01753-00530921-00531072 those additional documents would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01754-00531073-00531195 probably answer that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01755-00531196-00531483 and then the third reason that I would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01756-00531484-00531729 like to see your project again is I want
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01757-00531730-00532110 to see it very quickly the last time
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01758-00532111-00532254 because I think if we provide you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01759-00532255-00532392 provide all those documents we'll get an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01760-00532393-00532566 answer we'll get it done I don't want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01761-00532567-00532752 hold up your project but I think there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01762-00532753-00532989 are missing elements but when you come
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01763-00532990-00533133 back I think you'll have the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01764-00533134-00533430 documentation and it'll be easy so those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01765-00533431-00533880 are the reasons okay and bringing it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01766-00533881-00534081 back to the board since we've got a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01767-00534082-00534393 motion err and the second we'll go with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01768-00534394-00534768 Brett for any thoughts final comments
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01769-00534769-00535041 and and any friendly amendments that you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01770-00535042-00535392 might have the only thing I would as I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01771-00535393-00535707 agree with drew I think on on everything
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01772-00535708-00536015 that he had he had mentioned so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01773-00536016-00536139 support that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01774-00536140-00537033 I guess horn I appreciate the motion I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01775-00537034-00537309 know in one sense the the applicant
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01776-00537310-00537486 would love to have a a general direction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01777-00537487-00538022 of where to put energy and the dilemma
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01778-00538023-00538437 is some of the consistencies in the in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01779-00538438-00538587 the plans and elevations and other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01780-00538588-00538926 things are are subject to being a fully
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01781-00538927-00539550 read I'll say flushed out I just a quick
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01782-00539551-00539754 overview on possible friendly amendments
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01783-00539755-00540000 I know that the columnar trees is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01784-00540001-00540186 great idea
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01785-00540187-00540387 I think the fence consistencies with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01786-00540388-00540987 architecture is a great idea the issue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01787-00540988-00541551 about Sue sump and private concrete and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01788-00541552-00541886 concrete being limited behind a garage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01789-00541887-00542154 this is a little granular but I I do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01790-00542155-00542547 appreciate the comments regarding civil
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01791-00542548-00542877 engineering and relying on the majority
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01792-00542878-00543102 of the rear yards being permeable for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01793-00543103-00543422 science to work and because the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01794-00543423-00543674 documents weren't as shall we say
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01795-00543675-00543924 resolved to understand that I I can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01796-00543925-00544191 really appreciate having levels or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01797-00544192-00544447 conditions in the title company
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01798-00544448-00544685 not bringing concrete trucks out so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01799-00544686-00544901 that's those are some of the important
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01800-00544902-00545051 highlights like I got a little granular
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01801-00545052-00545393 on real stone instead of fading or water
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01802-00545394-00545708 permeable stone the the comment area
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01803-00545709-00546083 about about carports I've been operating
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01804-00546084-00546284 in other jurisdictions as well as these
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01805-00546285-00546695 and the discussion more than ganking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01806-00546696-00546917 garage doors all together off is this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01807-00546918-00547385 hunger for EB charging and saving our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01808-00547386-00547580 carbon footprint that's some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01809-00547581-00548105 jurisdictions are are certainly looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01810-00548106-00548345 for rules and regulations those are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01811-00548346-00548765 typically rental projects and I'm trying
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01812-00548766-00549014 to understand the scope of our board and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01813-00549015-00549287 I'm looking at Bill here because when
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01814-00549288-00549502 you have a rental project you can easily
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01815-00549503-00549824 create a whole framework almost like a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01816-00549825-00550072 master lock on the entire project where
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01817-00550073-00550286 people park whether you whether you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01818-00550287-00550454 separate that parking whether you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01819-00550455-00550739 EB Chargers and the dilemma of closed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01820-00550740-00550984 garage doors kind of goes away because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01821-00550985-00551264 those are frankly months and months
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01822-00551265-00551435 rents and ownership it's a different
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01823-00551436-00551654 animal I don't want to be an attorney
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01824-00551655-00551978 and being disarming view but I know I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01825-00551979-00552251 think I can respect Eric's questions and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01826-00552252-00552530 questions of staff it's it just seems
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01827-00552531-00552815 like a bit of a gray area that I'm less
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01828-00552816-00553195 comfortable making making motions on or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01829-00553196-00553481 making decisions on the the behavior of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01830-00553482-00553643 people beyond architecture I'm looking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01831-00553644-00554047 around here so I I know I mentioned
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01832-00554048-00554276 there they're consistencies with the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01833-00554277-00554420 architecture then it's a question about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01834-00554421-00554710 the three storey and I I'm certainly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01835-00554711-00555011 willing to not make granular discussions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01836-00555012-00555197 about the architecture though I've I've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01837-00555198-00555455 said a couple things about the front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01838-00555456-00555794 street elevation and it's only one voice
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01839-00555795-00555884 of many here
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01840-00555885-00556157 so those are my friendly amendments and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01841-00556158-00556696 and discussion thoughts
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01842-00556697-00556937 yeah I think that we have to be very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01843-00556938-00557198 careful in terms of the Nexus so this is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01844-00557199-00557489 a design review application and when the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01845-00557490-00557660 applicant is indicating they're not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01846-00557661-00557951 interested in participating in the cost
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01847-00557952-00558230 for a gate to a neighbor and we don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01848-00558231-00558470 have specific data that proves that this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01849-00558471-00558695 project will in fact cause that impact
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01850-00558696-00558977 and the fact that this has an approved
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01851-00558978-00559187 use permit which was evaluated by the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01852-00559188-00559322 Planning Commission which is the land
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01853-00559323-00559718 use entitlement I would be uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01854-00559719-00560027 without any further legal guidance in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01855-00560028-00560500 terms of applying a condition like that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01856-00560501-00560707 thank you Bill
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01857-00560708-00561415 Henry thank you Thank You staff for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01858-00561416-00561683 spending a year with the applicant and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01859-00561684-00561997 bringing forth a really good project I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01860-00561998-00562262 generally supportive of it like I have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01861-00562263-00562550 some knits with the architecture but I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01862-00562551-00562772 an architect so I'm not gonna agree with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01863-00562773-00563057 everything that comes before me but do I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01864-00563058-00563600 think it is something that is grotesque
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01865-00563601-00563993 or or something that is is is truly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01866-00563994-00564239 offensive it's not it's good good choice
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01867-00564240-00564668 of materials like like drew said I'd
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01868-00564669-00564856 like you to come back with a consistent
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01869-00564857-00565151 fully consistent package you know I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01870-00565152-00565400 picked on on that on the dormer part but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01871-00565401-00565802 I feel I see a few other things I'd also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01872-00565803-00566120 consider possibly the the back balcony
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01873-00566121-00566468 being open rather than then closed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01874-00566469-00566738 although I could see the argument to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01875-00566739-00566921 leave it closed to create some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01876-00566922-00567098 additional privacy for the person on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01877-00567099-00567413 deck I just the mass of it bothers me a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01878-00567414-00567689 little bit it's on the property line so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01879-00567690-00567950 we physically can't open it I mean it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01880-00567951-00568148 two feet away the code won't allow it to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01881-00568149-00568703 be an open oh yeah sorry I missed that I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01882-00568704-00568931 thought I assumed it was five feet or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01883-00568932-00569512 more and yeah all right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01884-00569513-00569786 pretty good I I love the Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01885-00569787-00569978 elevation I think it's I think it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01886-00569979-00570233 really sweet I wish I hadn't looked at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01887-00570234-00570392 the concept because I think during the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01888-00570393-00570782 concept elevations one board member
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01889-00570783-00570980 probably gave you the latitude to get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01890-00570981-00571184 rid of the orphaned area that that was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01891-00571185-00571385 two-story and fill it in with a three
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01892-00571386-00571637 storey and you took that approach I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01893-00571638-00571775 would have I would have encouraged you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01894-00571776-00572039 to stay with the having a little bit of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01895-00572040-00572417 two-story mixed in with three storey but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01896-00572418-00572627 I like what I like what it did to the to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01897-00572628-00572936 the floor plans I think I think the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01898-00572937-00573119 floor plans work well there's good good
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01899-00573120-00573491 use of space and I wish wish the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01900-00573492-00573695 applicant good luck with it and hope we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01901-00573696-00574306 see it back at final design review soon
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01902-00574307-00574561 thank you Andrew
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01903-00574562-00574922 so like Henry I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01904-00574923-00575195 I also I'm a little nitpicky because I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01905-00575196-00575752 an architect I have a couple of I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01906-00575753-00575996 massing I actually have some massing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01907-00575997-00576179 problems I think I missed the meeting
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01908-00576180-00576458 when this was brought at concept I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01909-00576459-00576605 I was out of town or something I don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01910-00576606-00576812 remember but I I don't remember seeing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01911-00576813-00577031 this I think I missed it so I do have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01912-00577032-00577319 one massing kind of one big massing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01913-00577320-00577517 issue with the building and it has to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01914-00577518-00577822 relate to the ad you not to kind of do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01915-00577823-00578125 wet situation going on with the houses
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01916-00578126-00578396 generally I appreciate the kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01917-00578397-00578663 massing of the do wet style I think it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01918-00578664-00578834 there's enough kind of variation between
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01919-00578835-00579287 them you know I think kind of on the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01920-00579288-00579554 right hand side with the bump-out being
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01921-00579555-00579800 two story versus bump up being one story
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01922-00579801-00579938 on the left side there's some kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01923-00579939-00580139 nice kind of breaking up the mass in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01924-00580140-00580271 that way but anyway the issue I have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01925-00580272-00580457 with the girl it's a really the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01926-00580458-00580724 Granville Road elevation and also that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01927-00580725-00581195 front elevation I to me that kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01928-00581196-00581543 shed roof feels like an afterthought on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01929-00581544-00581921 how that ad is kind of smushed on so as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01930-00581922-00582288 I was looking at this earlier today
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01931-00582289-00582603 I was wondering what if you just put a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01932-00582604-00583053 gable from the Guerneville roadside back
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01933-00583054-00583470 and got rid of that shed situation and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01934-00583471-00583740 then killed the gable into the end wall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01935-00583741-00584181 that would also and because because I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01936-00584182-00584331 think what's happening here a little bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01937-00584332-00584532 too is that little notch that you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01938-00584533-00584706 out on the one because of a meter
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01939-00584707-00584913 doesn't exist on the other one so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01940-00584914-00585084 think that's where this roof geometry
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01941-00585085-00585222 has occurred with that weird little
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01942-00585223-00585489 notch so I'm wondering if a gable could
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01943-00585490-00585639 happen on the Granville Road elevation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01944-00585640-00585876 really kind of it would actually create
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01945-00585877-00586059 kind of almost a sense of entry to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01946-00586060-00586224 building as opposed to the shorter gable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01947-00586225-00586524 that's clipped a little bit and then you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01948-00586525-00586797 could potentially add a false gable on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01949-00586798-00586971 the entry side if you wanted to or you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01950-00586972-00587241 could just leave it alone or you could
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01951-00587242-00587571 extend it with that little metal awning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01952-00587572-00587901 you have as well so I feel like that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01953-00587902-00588087 that would be a design change that would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01954-00588088-00588507 benefit the ATU and the overall massing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01955-00588508-00589065 with the building I I am appreciative of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01956-00589066-00589266 the material choice I think it's really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01957-00589267-00589464 nice you kind of have the you know kind
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01958-00589465-00589647 of Sonoma chic farmhouse thing happening
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01959-00589648-00589941 I agree with Warren on the usage of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01960-00589942-00590412 stone one big thing I I think if you've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01961-00590413-00590610 ever been in front of me before is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01962-00590611-00590982 four-sided architecture I get really and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01963-00590983-00591309 that is a design guideline I get really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01964-00591310-00591501 worked up about it when four sides had
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01965-00591502-00591741 not been addressed and so to me with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01966-00591742-00591927 that stone in particular it's not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01967-00591928-00592146 addressed on all four sides of all all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01968-00592147-00592479 the buildings so I think either get rid
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01969-00592480-00592764 of the stone completely and abandoned it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01970-00592765-00592980 because it's just kind of this added on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01971-00592981-00593355 piece or add it to the remainder of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01972-00593356-00593604 buildings as a water table like you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01973-00593605-00593826 it on the ATU I think it'd be a really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01974-00593827-00593970 nice addition to the rest of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01975-00593971-00594183 buildings you know that they would all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01976-00594184-00594456 have that beautiful kind of rock ledge
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01977-00594457-00594663 stone water table
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01978-00594664-00594846 you know kids kick it hit it with a ball
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01979-00594847-00595128 whatever but I think that would be a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01980-00595129-00595368 nice addition to the rest of it so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01981-00595369-00595552 think it's an either/or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01982-00595553-00595904 it does kind of appear you know as a as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01983-00595905-00596137 the base to the columns on the front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01984-00596138-00596512 building but then it disappears I agree
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01985-00596513-00597068 with Henry on the the balcony porch bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01986-00597069-00597377 but I'm completely sympathetic on a lot
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01987-00597378-00597583 line so it's kind of what what do you do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01988-00597584-00597922 I mean that's the solution right you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01989-00597923-00598172 can't open it but what might be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01990-00598173-00598360 interesting and you could explore this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01991-00598361-00598789 is maybe adding an awning on top of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01992-00598790-00598958 rear porch there in the back much like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01993-00598959-00599137 you've done on the front for some of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01994-00599138-00599243 awnings that might be a nice addition
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01995-00599244-00599539 relatively low-cost that could give some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01996-00599540-00599812 kind of extra protection and and you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01997-00599813-00600043 know increase the amenity feel of that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01998-00600044-00601018 porch area something else and I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-01999-00601019-00601447 this is just me being nitpicky but the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02000-00601448-00601891 window sill and the apron doesn't align
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02001-00601892-00602264 with kind of your your belt that you've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02002-00602265-00602768 put on the third floor right does that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02003-00602769-00603658 make sense you call it a belly board and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02004-00603659-00603910 belly board yeah so I would I would love
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02005-00603911-00604162 that belly board particularly on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02006-00604163-00604531 Granville Road elevation to align with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02007-00604532-00604733 the windowsill because it really doesn't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02008-00604734-00604862 have an impact on that on the other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02009-00604863-00605102 elevations but on that Guerneville road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02010-00605103-00605300 side either either make the window like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02011-00605301-00605462 two inches shorter or whatever it is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02012-00605463-00605675 so the sill and that belly board all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02013-00605676-00606073 line up or lower the belly board I just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02014-00606074-00606322 I think it's a funky detail from a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02015-00606323-00606485 waterproofing standpoint I mean you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02016-00606486-00606583 there's a whole like going a whole
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02017-00606584-00606758 architecture thing about it but I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02018-00606759-00607000 from a design standpoint as the frontage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02019-00607001-00607193 of the building it could make it would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02020-00607194-00607666 make it stronger on the Guerneville Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02021-00607667-00607910 oh yeah it's the grill and the interior
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02022-00607911-00608177 and elevation it's those two I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02023-00608178-00608327 it's more critical on the Granville Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02024-00608328-00608458 elevation being the frontage of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02025-00608459-00608754 property
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02026-00608755-00609102 yes I'm missing on the Guerneville road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02027-00609103-00609273 I mean there's really no belly am I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02028-00609274-00609657 looking at maybe it changed I I see it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02029-00609658-00609975 on the conceptual elevations the road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02030-00609976-00610209 elevation it's just the one window on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02031-00610210-00610586 the left of the pop-out
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02032-00610587-00610935 if it was if it was lower to the window
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02033-00610936-00611175 lines that what you want the belly board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02034-00611176-00611337 cut drops down so the window is not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02035-00611338-00611742 engaged to it think so it lines up with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02036-00611743-00612837 it yeah so you're getting by with this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02037-00612838-00613074 12 feet long or 16 feet long we can get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02038-00613075-00613819 it hopefully what you don't use the bar
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02039-00613820-00614264 [Music]
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02040-00614265-00614811 so scratch that it's gone okay so that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02041-00614812-00615087 was a good move on your part because now
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02042-00615088-00615375 it's not a problem because I see what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02043-00615376-00615555 you did you lowered it so it's even with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02044-00615556-00615753 the gable now so you're you're you're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02045-00615754-00617394 killing it in a gable that's fine excuse
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02046-00617395-00617620 me
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02047-00617621-00617929 so the the brackets that are on the pop
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02048-00617930-00618103 outs on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02049-00618104-00618490 I guess the Guerneville side really I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02050-00618491-00618636 guess is the only one
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02051-00618637-00618934 are they structurally required for that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02052-00618935-00619957 pop out no to me that that type of a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02053-00619958-00620608 detail has always felt a little this is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02054-00620609-00620862 word I'm looking for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02055-00620863-00621199 insincere I guess is the word I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02056-00621200-00621331 looking for it just feels like an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02057-00621332-00621502 afterthought because I mean your your
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02058-00621503-00621682 joists are coming out they're catching
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02059-00621683-00621976 it there's not a structural reason for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02060-00621977-00622290 those brackets other than decorative
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02061-00622291-00622588 whereas on your awnings and things like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02062-00622589-00622729 that those are the structural elements
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02063-00622730-00622924 and you know you're playing them up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02064-00622925-00623185 decoratively and also structurally so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02065-00623186-00623710 I've just never been a fan of faux yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02066-00623711-00624127 fofo elements I think those are money
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02067-00624128-00624925 let me check my notes here yeah and then
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02068-00624926-00625054 the missing exterior lighting I would
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02069-00625055-00625270 love to see actually the condition I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02070-00625271-00625570 would add well I don't have to add it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02071-00625571-00625768 because it's final design yes I never
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02072-00625769-00626005 mind but all that all the things we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02073-00626006-00626203 at friend of design review who do you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02074-00626204-00626464 want to see specifically I want to see
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02075-00626465-00626626 the exterior lights and light fixtures
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02076-00626627-00626854 and the lighting plan but it's required
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02077-00626855-00627472 so those are all my covers
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02078-00627473-00627788 Thank You drew Erica bill quick process
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02079-00627789-00628259 question under again in traffic 4:16 if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02080-00628260-00628592 we just changed a few words in there in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02081-00628593-00628799 regards to median nose constructed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02082-00628800-00629075 ending at the Easter prolonged Easter
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02083-00629076-00629438 easterly curb line of Elson way so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02084-00629439-00629609 changing it from the western curb to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02085-00629610-00629876 eastern curb what's the process in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02086-00629877-00630134 regards to making that a changed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02087-00630135-00630392 condition you know we have to consult
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02088-00630393-00630593 with a city traffic engineer to make
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02089-00630594-00630866 sure that was an acceptable change so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02090-00630867-00631550 this could be something that you could
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02091-00631551-00631747 give direction to staff we can consult
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02092-00631748-00631928 with a city traffic engineer and sound
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02093-00631929-00632063 like that it sounds like there's an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02094-00632064-00632300 interest for final design review to come
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02095-00632301-00632797 back I don't know thinking through kind
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02096-00632798-00632920 of out loud as we're going through this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02097-00632921-00633086 we really haven't had a condition like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02098-00633087-00633350 this I mean ultimately we need city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02099-00633351-00633527 traffic engineering to authorize that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02100-00633528-00633770 change well I guess so the follow-up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02101-00633771-00633968 question is what do you estimate their
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02102-00633969-00634139 turn time would be because I do have an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02103-00634140-00634379 interest in not in minimizing the delay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02104-00634380-00634597 of this project
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02105-00634598-00634913 sometimes something like this the board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02106-00634914-00635206 could just include a condition that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02107-00635207-00635666 staff shall inquire investigate the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02108-00635667-00635885 possibility of making this change if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02109-00635886-00636077 feasible and acceptable to the city
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02110-00636078-00636272 traffic engineer in that way if it is it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02111-00636273-00636533 can be made if it isn't it won't and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02112-00636534-00636701 then we can report that back at final
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02113-00636702-00637703 design review okay I guess I have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02114-00637704-00638102 follow-up question Scott on that history
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02115-00638103-00638320 and Bill it's I think it's more for you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02116-00638321-00638609 guys so the the way that this was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02117-00638610-00638807 conditioned at the Planning Commission
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02118-00638808-00639131 level is with the DAC report and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02119-00639132-00639293 requirements that are in the DAC report
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02120-00639294-00639577 are what's required to occur
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02121-00639578-00639988 on the development of property which has
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02122-00639989-00640276 made a very astute point so it unwinds
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02123-00640277-00640498 some of the entitlements so I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02124-00640499-00640819 wondering I'm I'm kind of uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02125-00640820-00641062 I'm uncomfortable because I feel like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02126-00641063-00641323 that's not within our purview really the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02127-00641324-00641515 this issue that Eric is talking about
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02128-00641516-00641734 it's it I think it's a critical issue in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02129-00641735-00642109 many ways so I'm wondering if the best
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02130-00642110-00642280 way to do that is is kind of what you're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02131-00642281-00642562 talking about defer to staff say that it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02132-00642563-00642796 is you know important but you know we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02133-00642797-00642940 not really telling the applicant that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02134-00642941-00643117 they have to do anything and in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02135-00643118-00643300 particular yeah the thing is is that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02136-00643301-00643468 condition is what was presented to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02137-00643469-00643594 Planning Commission so the Planning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02138-00643595-00643759 Commission when they approved it they
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02139-00643760-00644143 approved that condition so perhaps there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02140-00644144-00644430 could be a condition written that is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02141-00644431-00644908 written in general terms the idea can be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02142-00644909-00645118 investigated if it's deemed acceptable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02143-00645119-00645433 and in general compliance with this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02144-00645434-00645658 condition so that this doesn't have to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02145-00645659-00645799 go back to the Planning Commission
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02146-00645800-00645970 perhaps we can put something like that I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02147-00645971-00646264 think the expectation is if it can be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02148-00646265-00646531 done if the city traffic engineer agrees
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02149-00646532-00646720 to it if the project doesn't have to go
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02150-00646721-00647008 back to the Planning Commission then you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02151-00647009-00647083 go for it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02152-00647084-00647254 if that's what the board wants if not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02153-00647255-00647476 and it won't if it could be done at a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02154-00647477-00647692 staff level simple as that if it can be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02155-00647693-00647944 done at staff level yeah yeah because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02156-00647945-00648148 we're all we're doing is shortening it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02157-00648149-00648409 by 24 feet that's the that's all I mean
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02158-00648410-00648637 it's us it's a simple change but there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02159-00648638-00648955 may be beyond my scope and/or my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02160-00648956-00649111 knowledge in regards to engineer you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02161-00649112-00649285 know how long that meeting it has to be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02162-00649286-00649432 in regards to the left turn lane and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02163-00649433-00649591 length of the left turn lane because if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02164-00649592-00649756 the speed limit has to be a certain just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02165-00649757-00649930 you know a certain length etc yeah I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02166-00649931-00650056 don't see it really any different than
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02167-00650057-00650248 conditions that the board frequently and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02168-00650249-00650622 puts in place which are shall consider
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02169-00650623-00650889 we can consider that if it's feasible
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02170-00650890-00651581 then we could implement it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02171-00651582-00652302 thank you any other comments okay so my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02172-00652303-00652553 comments would be that you know I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02173-00652554-00652893 what I hear my board struggling with is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02174-00652894-00653178 is a couple of things one is it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02175-00653179-00653504 it's a detached housing is it attached
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02176-00653505-00653733 tentative map for sale housing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02177-00653734-00654183 development three storeys it feels like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02178-00654184-00654381 it's a multi-family development from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02179-00654382-00654627 when you're looking at it from a design
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02180-00654628-00654864 review perspective I think is kind of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02181-00654865-00655160 what's you know juxtaposed here is what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02182-00655161-00655472 I hear from some of the questions of my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02183-00655473-00655743 colleagues I think you know as we've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02184-00655744-00656016 heard the architecture is you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02185-00656017-00656154 you've done the best with what you have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02186-00656155-00656429 been given you know site constraints
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02187-00656430-00656652 you've done the best you can with what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02188-00656653-00656789 you've been given there's not a lot of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02189-00656790-00657212 options here I'm appreciative that you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02190-00657213-00657600 spent a year or so kind of moline
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02191-00657601-00657879 different facets of private road public
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02192-00657880-00658187 road this and that the other that said
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02193-00658188-00658485 it seems like the the answer was right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02194-00658486-00658766 there the whole time because you you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02195-00658767-00658997 know you're getting the best of what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02196-00658998-00659147 could be accomplished with the site and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02197-00659148-00659427 I think with the layout and the you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02198-00659428-00659735 densities like the 80s bringing them in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02199-00659736-00659987 to get an extra three units to house
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02200-00659988-00660372 people of varying financial statures is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02201-00660373-00660566 a great way to achieve the density
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02202-00660567-00660816 without actually it being counted as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02203-00660817-00661037 density I think it kind of should count
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02204-00661038-00661266 as density in this in this vein in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02205-00661267-00661541 vein of maximizing density and not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02206-00661542-00661827 counting it elsewhere I think that's why
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02207-00661828-00662210 it's not counted so I'll kind of go
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02208-00662211-00662472 through some things that I heard through
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02209-00662473-00662672 the comments and we need to figure out
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02210-00662673-00662960 if these are consider or shall and come
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02211-00662961-00663164 up with a list to create a friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02212-00663165-00663329 amendment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02213-00663330-00663549 so I'll just reiterate what I heard from
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02214-00663550-00663843 drew why he chose just to motion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02215-00663844-00664097 preliminary is that you know we want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02216-00664098-00664356 see more information the complete final
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02217-00664357-00664570 Design Review package
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02218-00664571-00664934 there were lots of differing thoughts on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02219-00664935-00665198 items that could be clarified probably
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02220-00665199-00665414 with more information from a more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02221-00665415-00665696 thorough and refined package and the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02222-00665697-00665882 goal would be to get you back here in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02223-00665883-00666187 and out quickly on a final design review
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02224-00666188-00666809 so I heard column are trees in the front
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02225-00666810-00667046 of the units so that we get more height
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02226-00667047-00667452 to combat the three-story elements not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02227-00667453-00667814 necessarily columnar but just evaluating
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02228-00667815-00668006 re-evaluating the diggers faster
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02229-00668007-00668456 sure I like column or trees because it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02230-00668457-00668657 it doesn't seem like the root system is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02231-00668658-00668954 gonna uproot all those streets and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02232-00668955-00668993 everything
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02233-00668994-00669166 now watch all the trees in my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02234-00669167-00669406 neighborhood get taken down these days
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02235-00669407-00669695 definitely definitely but even thinking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02236-00669696-00669975 of going up and over to creating more of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02237-00669976-00670148 a canopy so you thought soften those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02238-00670149-00670431 those tall buildings rather than driving
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02239-00670432-00670670 more tall trees creating something that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02240-00670671-00671225 goes up fair enough
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02241-00671226-00671507 fence designed consistency with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02242-00671508-00672077 architecture using real stone facade in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02243-00672078-00672395 the real stone facade vein consider
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02244-00672396-00672650 either enhancing more stone throughout
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02245-00672651-00672923 the project or deleting it in its
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02246-00672924-00673295 entirety I think that in my opinion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02247-00673296-00673469 that's kind of where I hear multifamily
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02248-00673470-00673682 versus single-family even though they're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02249-00673683-00673927 attached they're all separate units and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02250-00673928-00674348 separate houses so I think that either
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02251-00674349-00674802 works in my opinion consider an awning
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02252-00674803-00675341 at the porch elevations to provide more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02253-00675342-00675733 shade
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02254-00675734-00675987 and then consider removing the brackets
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02255-00675988-00676118 under the bump outside of Greenville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02256-00676119-00676524 Road elevation and then Eric's traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02257-00676525-00676910 comment an elephant way to encapsulate
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02258-00676911-00677237 that yet you can even you can be the one
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02259-00677238-00677379 to make the friendly amendment on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02260-00677380-00677904 well we can have more than one so shall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02261-00677905-00678216 consider any strong feelings all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02262-00678217-00678712 consider some shells I guess my question
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02263-00678713-00679241 would be to the applicant do any of do
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02264-00679242-00679745 any of these in any form scare you or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02265-00679746-00680085 you know are there huge cost
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02266-00680086-00680243 implications with any of them I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02267-00680244-00680385 that's something that that's something
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02268-00680386-00680652 that's important at least to me because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02269-00680653-00680778 I know it's important to the clients we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02270-00680779-00681141 work with it's just gonna make a joke
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02271-00681142-00681555 Barry doesn't scare easily but as I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02272-00681556-00681833 slipped between the crack in the floor a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02273-00681834-00682287 couple things do we added that stone
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02274-00682288-00682589 work to the ad use on Guerneville and by
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02275-00682590-00682754 the way I think we've said it before but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02276-00682755-00683157 the rendering covers up that a to you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02277-00683158-00683427 and that ad was actually going to be on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02278-00683428-00683631 the street now not covered with a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02279-00683632-00684227 offense so we added that ad you to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02280-00684228-00684668 enhance the general look of the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02281-00684669-00684914 subdivision as people drive through as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02282-00684915-00685112 opposed to an element that was supposed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02283-00685113-00685385 to enhance the whole thing this you know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02284-00685386-00685718 it's nobody wants to hear that it's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02285-00685719-00685868 price point but it's always a price
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02286-00685869-00686132 point putting stone work throughout the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02287-00686133-00686400 subdivision isn't it that's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02288-00686401-00686454 deal-killer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02289-00686455-00686666 I mean that stuff is very expensive
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02290-00686667-00687054 putting real stone in isn't and it costs
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02291-00687055-00687347 more but it's worth it I agree with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02292-00687348-00687770 Warren's comment I you know I in all
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02293-00687771-00688005 fairness the the way that Scott worded
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02294-00688006-00688343 it particularly the blend between
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02295-00688344-00688554 multifamily and actual Signet I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02296-00688555-00688707 that cleared it up in my head Frank
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02297-00688708-00688986 frankly I'm willing to actually
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02298-00688987-00689352 let it go I think Warren's come it's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02299-00689353-00689631 little bit more important but yeah I I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02300-00689632-00689975 think the way that Scott worded that was
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02301-00689976-00690378 more cohesive to the independence of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02302-00690379-00690545 your units if that makes sense
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02303-00690546-00691005 okay the columnar tree is not a problem
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02304-00691006-00691455 whatsoever at least I would say so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02305-00691456-00691794 would you Stevens my consulting for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02306-00691795-00692142 trees why I believe that there are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02307-00692143-00693012 choices that that actually are tall can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02308-00693013-00693312 we speak enough microphone sorry sorry
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02309-00693313-00693426 for the trouble
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02310-00693427-00693993 no I was working with Suzy on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02311-00693994-00694203 landscape plan and we went over the tree
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02312-00694204-00694479 selections I mean there are tall trees
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02313-00694480-00694671 they're fast-growing liquidambar
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02314-00694672-00695010 certainly as one redwood trees or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02315-00695011-00695283 another and I you know wooden shoe that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02316-00695284-00695547 entirely what we have facing a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02317-00695548-00695922 Guerneville road was intended not to be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02318-00695923-00696273 tall deliberately so in order to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02319-00696274-00696630 highlight kind of more of the the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02320-00696631-00696990 specificity of like Red Bud which is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02321-00696991-00697419 noted on the plan as surface and and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02322-00697420-00697659 also the C&O this we wanted to pull
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02323-00697660-00697848 something and it was more native and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02324-00697849-00698208 that kind of spoke to the countryside
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02325-00698209-00698469 and what we were doing there and so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02326-00698470-00698823 rolling that into the project as a whole
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02327-00698824-00699222 I think you pointed out yourself that we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02328-00699223-00699567 can look at the pruning and the shaping
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02329-00699568-00699981 of the tree and the skirting of the tree
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02330-00699982-00700275 in order to get it to grow tall so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02331-00700276-00700524 think that's something that could be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02332-00700525-00700863 argued with some of the choices the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02333-00700864-00701328 California Laurel chic walls at Saratoga
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02334-00701329-00701652 look Laurel they're all the same
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02335-00701653-00701930 um I grew up in the Inverness
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02336-00701931-00702212 in Tomales Bay and some of the largest
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02337-00702213-00702566 Laurel Forest in California exists there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02338-00702567-00702965 and they're very tall as a child I used
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02339-00702966-00703283 to climb them so I would say that you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02340-00703284-00703589 are actually addressing more the issue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02341-00703590-00703895 of how quickly they can grow whether or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02342-00703896-00704189 not they can grow tall so I think we've
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02343-00704190-00704375 addressed some of that but we'll
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02344-00704376-00704692 certainly go back and we'll come up with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02345-00704693-00705101 some other options as well sure and part
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02346-00705102-00705356 of that is the specific trees that were
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02347-00705357-00705602 chosen you talk about laurels I mean you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02348-00705603-00705812 got the california native bay laurel but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02349-00705813-00706076 this is the Laurus nobilis which is an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02350-00706077-00706262 european laurel and it grows more shrub
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02351-00706263-00706577 even form so two different different
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02352-00706578-00706727 ones the the native bay laurel
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02353-00706728-00706973 definitely can grow big and tall and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02354-00706974-00707177 mean yeah they're very gorgeous but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02355-00707178-00707384 they're different species and so it and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02356-00707385-00707495 that's important when you are calling
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02357-00707496-00707930 out species of the the trees to that to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02358-00707931-00708236 really they then it's this really the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02359-00708237-00708404 specific species of tree that you're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02360-00708405-00708773 trying to get towards and I and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02361-00708774-00708911 understand what the trend get to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02362-00708912-00709103 levels of you know ceanothus and then
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02363-00709104-00709310 the trees and come back the part of my
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02364-00709311-00709511 talking about the larger canopy trees
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02365-00709512-00709907 was to reference some of the neighbors
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02366-00709908-00710213 concerns and talking about fitting into
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02367-00710214-00710393 the neighborhood as well and to buffer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02368-00710394-00710669 the larger larger scale of a three-story
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02369-00710670-00710966 buildings so I appreciate you call that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02370-00710967-00711272 output I think that with that is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02371-00711273-00711650 recommendation to reevaluate and look at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02372-00711651-00711935 how you can buffer the larger scale of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02373-00711936-00712313 these buildings moving forward yeah so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02374-00712314-00712607 we we would be glad to do that sorry I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02375-00712608-00712793 said we would be glad to do that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02376-00712794-00713414 great yeah thanks thank you I had had an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02377-00713415-00713693 earlier thought in there because there's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02378-00713694-00713915 been discussion now about about the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02379-00713916-00714073 three story
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02380-00714074-00714427 this whole area is in transition and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02381-00714428-00714728 from all of the looks that I see on most
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02382-00714729-00715118 new projects in the whole world's going
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02383-00715119-00715238 this direction
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02384-00715239-00715532 it isn't going to what I grew up in you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02385-00715533-00715778 know it's not a ranch house anymore it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02386-00715779-00715952 a three-story property because we're
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02387-00715953-00716189 maximizing the use of land close to our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02388-00716190-00716411 urban centers it's the only thing we can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02389-00716412-00716866 do and we we did play with floor plans
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02390-00716867-00717281 we just couldn't get square footage into
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02391-00717282-00717527 a two-story unit there just isn't any
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02392-00717528-00717704 there's just not enough footprint to get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02393-00717705-00717986 make that happen and so you if we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02394-00717987-00718160 haven't seen that much of it in Santa
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02395-00718161-00718469 Rosa yet we'll see more I mean it's just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02396-00718470-00718664 what we're gonna live with it's the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02397-00718665-00719066 world so so it might stick up a little
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02398-00719067-00719339 bit when I first build it but I bet it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02399-00719340-00719528 is I'm sticking up for long I mean
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02400-00719529-00719798 people are going to capture this idea
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02401-00719799-00720032 and use it more and more it's already
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02402-00720033-00720245 being used every place of many other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02403-00720246-00720872 places so thank you I actually I don't I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02404-00720873-00721088 may probably be the border that I don't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02405-00721089-00721271 have a problem with your three stories
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02406-00721272-00721577 frankly I'd have a problem with three
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02407-00721578-00721868 stories if it was 45 feet tall but I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02408-00721869-00722147 think you've made choices with your
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02409-00722148-00722516 plate Heights and everything to stay at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02410-00722517-00722822 a residential scale and the fact that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02411-00722823-00723107 it's 33 feet actually I have I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02412-00723108-00723437 personally have no issue with once we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02413-00723438-00723653 kind of address the fire thing and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02414-00723654-00723881 reread it and and Randi was exactly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02415-00723882-00724250 right in that calculation so me
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02416-00724251-00724409 personally I have no problem with three
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02417-00724410-00724682 stories I think the massing for me on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02418-00724683-00725201 that front is the bigger issue but you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02419-00725202-00725522 know that's just me and I agree also
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02420-00725523-00725702 with the food source I don't have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02421-00725703-00725912 problem with I think that is great and I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02422-00725913-00726062 also wanted to there's one last comment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02423-00726063-00726320 to commend you for thinking in that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02424-00726321-00726650 larger vision as well because this this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02425-00726651-00726824 neighborhood looking at the context maps
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02426-00726825-00726965 and looking at the larger neighborhood
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02427-00726966-00727244 maps - it seems like you're thinking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02428-00727245-00727442 about this project not as in terms of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02429-00727443-00727676 this one parcel but in terms of how it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02430-00727677-00727871 going to eventually fit into the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02431-00727872-00728093 neighborhood that is there and will be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02432-00728094-00728174 there as well
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02433-00728175-00728470 I mean you've got the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02434-00728471-00728761 community park that's so close it's so
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02435-00728762-00728944 far away you know if you're having
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02436-00728945-00729166 families here how is it what's that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02437-00729167-00729397 circulation so thinking ahead and that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02438-00729398-00729559 also something for staff too in terms of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02439-00729560-00729799 you know the planning is how this is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02440-00729800-00730075 this particular project can fit into the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02441-00730076-00730270 larger vision as well and so I agree
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02442-00730271-00730432 it's gonna be dense it's gonna go up
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02443-00730433-00730936 hopefully so so I'm gonna take a stab at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02444-00730937-00731113 the friendly amendment language and then
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02445-00731114-00731269 someone would have to make that friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02446-00731270-00731389 amendment and I'm gonna leave yours
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02447-00731390-00731790 aside as a separate friendly amendment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02448-00731791-00732385 so consider larger canopy trees that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02449-00732386-00732841 grow faster consider fence consistency
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02450-00732842-00733453 with architecture shall use real stone
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02451-00733454-00733759 facade in areas where it's currently
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02452-00733760-00734970 shown on the plans okay it's fine um
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02453-00734971-00735409 consider a gable roof yep for the ad you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02454-00735410-00735765 at the hearin bill Road elevation
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02455-00735766-00736012 consider an awning at the porch
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02456-00736013-00736642 locations consider removing the brackets
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02457-00736643-00736816 under the bump outs on during Bill Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02458-00736817-00737241 elevation and that's all I really have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02459-00737242-00737578 any strong feelings for a Shou on any of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02460-00737579-00737794 those I guess I have a question for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02461-00737795-00738163 Randy but if I if I may you may what's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02462-00738164-00738487 your feeling on my take on the gable on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02463-00738488-00738729 the ATM
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02464-00738730-00739014 I mean I had some designs I had the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02465-00739015-00739257 gable that way I personally didn't like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02466-00739258-00739769 it as much as the shed running back I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02467-00739770-00740052 mean I think it's kind of a personal
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02468-00740053-00740394 design preference because I looked at it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02469-00740395-00740490 you know a couple of three different
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02470-00740491-00740946 ways and and what I have is personally
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02471-00740947-00741378 what I like the most but excuse me I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02472-00741379-00741579 like that that's personal preference of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02473-00741580-00741770 mine and I just didn't didn't like
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02474-00741771-00742047 having the the gable facing the street
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02475-00742048-00742256 and just having that flat Eve line
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02476-00742257-00742562 running running along and then trying to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02477-00742563-00742827 put the little gable over the entry door
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02478-00742828-00743064 didn't quite seemed to work either
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02479-00743065-00743265 because it was just so small yeah I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02480-00743266-00743511 think I mean I can agree with you I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02481-00743512-00743823 think the issue is it's on a frontage
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02482-00743824-00744126 right so you want it to be grand on the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02483-00744127-00744297 frontage but you don't enter it from the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02484-00744298-00744546 front and from the side mm-hmm so that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02485-00744547-00745032 a wrinkle so I would I would like to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02486-00745033-00745457 change that I would like it to say shall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02487-00745458-00745887 but not exactly the same thing yeah or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02488-00745888-00746076 maybe Warren has an idea I don't know I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02489-00746077-00746301 just had a quick clarification because
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02490-00746302-00746706 if you maybe Randy's point if you awaken
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02491-00746707-00746949 the gable at the street and ran the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02492-00746950-00747093 gable all the way back we'd have a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02493-00747094-00747398 continuous Eve on the frontage that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02494-00747399-00747762 I'm sorry but but to Randy's point what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02495-00747763-00748002 you're trying to do is you don't want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02496-00748003-00748323 run water back into the three-story
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02497-00748324-00748551 element if you had a gable that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02498-00748552-00748908 forcing the idea if it's if it's a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02499-00748909-00749052 symmetrical gable you're gonna run a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02500-00749053-00749307 gable back into the wall of that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02501-00749308-00749703 three-story and maybe I'm okay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02502-00749704-00749958 good thing any anyway I don't want to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02503-00749959-00750213 get granular but if if the gable in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02504-00750214-00750441 front was raised and you had a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02505-00750442-00750729 continuous Eve then then you don't have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02506-00750730-00751089 any kind of flashing issues there I mean
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02507-00751090-00751224 you know the other thing that happened
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02508-00751225-00751371 with you know the gable being in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02509-00751372-00751512 front and running through that back wall
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02510-00751513-00751956 it's just the shed going up tends to cut
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02511-00751957-00752089 off like a story and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02512-00752090-00752311 half visually of that three-story height
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02513-00752312-00752605 and the table tends to be lower unless
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02514-00752606-00752785 we raise you know the plate heights and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02515-00752786-00752980 go up to it 12-foot plate I mean if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02516-00752981-00753211 you're following what I'm saying on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02517-00753212-00753595 in so I mean I get I mean I drew it that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02518-00753596-00753787 way I mean I explored a couple of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02519-00753788-00753939 different versions of the roof and this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02520-00753940-00754318 is what I I came back to after I looked
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02521-00754319-00754477 at the other you know the other versions
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02522-00754478-00754975 yeah I think um excuse me I'm saying
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02523-00754976-00755141 like if you keep it at four and twelve
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02524-00755142-00755377 right you keep it at four and twelve and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02525-00755378-00755632 you run it all the way back is it really
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02526-00755633-00755875 any higher no and I should have been
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02527-00755876-00756259 clearer my little sketch on my iPad here
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02528-00756260-00756639 has you raising the ridge to hit the end
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02529-00756640-00756822 wall at the same height your shed roof
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02530-00756823-00757078 does so you would go to a steeper
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02531-00757079-00757300 steeper pitch so stupid pitch on that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02532-00757301-00757600 front piece it'd be the the only pitch
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02533-00757601-00757866 of that time on the project yeah or you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02534-00757867-00757995 can run the quick hit he raised the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02535-00757996-00758212 plate you could had a four and twelve
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02536-00758213-00758568 come up and swallow the bedroom bay
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02537-00758569-00758875 above yeah that was a bit of a sticking
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02538-00758876-00759193 point at me kids for any what he wants
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02539-00759194-00759409 which is a the shed look but by raising
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02540-00759410-00759658 that front plate the same footage in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02541-00759659-00759897 your ad you and you end your bracket
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02542-00759898-00760195 problem yeah but I think the other thing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02543-00760196-00760489 that that's got me is as as as as an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02544-00760490-00760872 architect I we we designed some small
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02545-00760873-00761089 spaces all the time and the thing that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02546-00761090-00761439 we found that makes them feel less small
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02547-00761440-00761731 is more height on the interior and so I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02548-00761732-00761991 guess in my head when I saw this I went
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02549-00761992-00762154 oh how can we come and go a little bit
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02550-00762155-00762291 more height inside there because it's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02551-00762292-00762639 only 380 square feet and so that's what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02552-00762640-00762829 I I think I started to think about well
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02553-00762830-00762961 you know you do this and you do this and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02554-00762962-00763270 you explore that and it also does a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02555-00763271-00763375 couple of other things you know it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02556-00763376-00763597 breaks up the mass on the front it makes
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02557-00763598-00763879 it feel less 3-story if people do have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02558-00763880-00763999 an issue with that because it is a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02559-00764000-00764131 little bit higher as opposed to that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02560-00764132-00764302 shed that kind of disappears a little
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02561-00764303-00764608 bit it's let more gradual from a massing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02562-00764609-00764953 standpoint change so anyway so I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02563-00764954-00765130 we just leave it the way it is consider
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02564-00765131-00765396 can we consider adjusting
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02565-00765397-00765816 gable slope and our cable and slope and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02566-00765817-00766293 it is what it is yeah it's a consider
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02567-00766294-00766559 you need to consider it a little more
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02568-00766560-00767031 back to my Cal Poly days so those are
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02569-00767032-00767511 the conditions of a potential friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02570-00767512-00767724 amendment you want to make that friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02571-00767725-00767978 amendment and then we have the lyrics I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02572-00767979-00768288 can't make it I can't make it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02573-00768289-00768638 Adam can't make it friendly amendment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02574-00768639-00768873 I'd like to make a friendly amendment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02575-00768874-00769263 adopting waving waving the discussion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02576-00769264-00769566 verbal and reading of the text for said
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02577-00769567-00770010 comments stated by the chair does the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02578-00770011-00770310 motion except I accept the friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02579-00770311-00770928 amendment and the second okay so that's
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02580-00770929-00771135 that friendly amendments been adopted
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02581-00771136-00771378 into the motion and now was turned to or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02582-00771379-00772071 traffic so I would make a motion for an
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02583-00772072-00772427 amendment that staff consider not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02584-00772428-00772743 signing a right turn only exit onto
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02585-00772744-00773070 Granville Road and that the existing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02586-00773071-00773310 median rose shall be removed in the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02587-00773311-00773655 median in the median shortened and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02588-00773656-00773865 median now is constructed ending at the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02589-00773866-00774390 pro the prolonged East curb line of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02590-00774391-00774651 Elson way on girdle road or is directed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02591-00774652-00775002 by engineer I had a hard time hearing
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02592-00775003-00775257 everything that you said sorry I'll try
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02593-00775258-00775310 it again
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02594-00775311-00775950 that staff consider not signing a right
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02595-00775951-00776264 turn only to exit onto Greenville Road
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02596-00776265-00776721 that the existing median nose shall be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02597-00776722-00777105 removed and the median were shortened
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02598-00777106-00777471 and the median nose constructed ending
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02599-00777472-00777918 at the prolonged eastern curb return of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02600-00777919-00778468 a Nelson way on guard aura
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02601-00778469-00778784 in summary it's not putting a right turn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02602-00778785-00779084 only sign and moving the median to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02603-00779085-00779300 east curb line rather than the West I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02604-00779301-00779555 think I got about two thirds of that how
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02605-00779556-00779915 about one more time where do you want me
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02606-00779916-00780334 to start from the top from the top
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02607-00780335-00780964 city staff shall consider not signing a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02608-00780965-00781361 right turn only exit onto Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02609-00781362-00781964 Road period the existing median nose
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02610-00781965-00782353 shall be removed and the median
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02611-00782354-00782719 shortened and the median nose
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02612-00782720-00783208 constructed ending at the prolonged
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02613-00783209-00783761 eastern curb pelson way on Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02614-00783762-00784951 Road so currently currently saying that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02615-00784952-00785489 the median is gonna be extended to be to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02616-00785490-00785722 where the western curb is and what I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02617-00785723-00785968 making the amendment to make it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02618-00785969-00786343 shortened to where the eastern curb is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02619-00786344-00786608 that way it allows perceived traffic in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02620-00786609-00787043 and out of Ilsan and he can add that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02621-00787044-00787235 that came from a retired police officer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02622-00787236-00787573 who's seeing all these traffic issues
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02623-00787574-00788009 fatal u-turns right can staff read that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02624-00788010-00788194 back to you please
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02625-00788195-00788483 so the friendly amendment was to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02626-00788484-00788684 consider not signing writer and not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02627-00788685-00788873 signing a right turn only exit onto
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02628-00788874-00789119 Guerneville Road that the median nose
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02629-00789120-00789581 shall be removed that the median be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02630-00789582-00789947 shortened and constructed up to the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02631-00789948-00790187 eastern curb line of Elson way is that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02632-00790188-00790484 correct yes in the median shortened in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02633-00790485-00790835 the median nose constructed ending at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02634-00790836-00791078 the Eastern easterly curb return of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02635-00791079-00792024 Ilsan way
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02636-00792025-00792388 excellent so that was a friendly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02637-00792389-00792529 amendment I need a second to that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02638-00792530-00792691 friendly amendment from someone other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02639-00792692-00793201 than the motion area or the second just
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02640-00793202-00793504 one clarification just to make sure your
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02641-00793505-00793810 comments member Goldschlager referenced
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02642-00793811-00794056 are referencing condition number 16 on
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02643-00794057-00794454 page 7 of 13 correct got it thanks yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02644-00794455-00795168 actually so I'm like super uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02645-00795169-00795535 with I understand your point Eric but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02646-00795536-00795718 I'm super uncomfortable with this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02647-00795719-00796024 because I really feel like it's not it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02648-00796025-00796191 is not our purview
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02649-00796192-00796627 however Public Safety is our purview and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02650-00796628-00796861 so I think that there's possibly a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02651-00796862-00797140 better way to word this that gives staff
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02652-00797141-00797413 latitude to consult with a city engineer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02653-00797414-00797659 with really no firm direction from us
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02654-00797660-00797851 but does give you the latitude to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02655-00797852-00798088 explore this in a more cohesive and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02656-00798089-00798412 comprehensive way that does not give
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02657-00798413-00798676 direction from us as to specifically
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02658-00798677-00798826 what must happen at this intersection
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02659-00798827-00799152 does that make sense
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02660-00799153-00799453 well that's the way I'm taking that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02661-00799454-00799594 direction and that's why I made that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02662-00799595-00799843 that case I agree I'm very uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02663-00799844-00800098 with this too I think this is a land use
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02664-00800099-00800305 issue I think this has been resolved at
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02665-00800306-00800527 the Planning Commission because there
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02666-00800528-00800911 was a I think the way I'm taking it is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02667-00800912-00801121 that the question has come up we're not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02668-00801122-00801369 able to answer this question right now
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02669-00801370-00801631 the board is interested in allowing this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02670-00801632-00801853 project to move forward it's a condition
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02671-00801854-00801976 that says to consider
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02672-00801977-00802285 I think I'm expressing an if I haven't
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02673-00802286-00802414 been clear I'll make it clear I'm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02674-00802415-00802636 concerned I don't think we can come back
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02675-00802637-00802870 and change this condition but perhaps we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02676-00802871-00803080 can explain it in more detail or we can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02677-00803081-00803395 evaluate it and more completely respond
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02678-00803396-00803530 to what it would take to change this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02679-00803531-00803755 condition well and I to your point bill
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02680-00803756-00804367 I think I think it is no disrespect to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02681-00804368-00804460 Eric air
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02682-00804461-00804656 it's not a traffic engineer I'm not a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02683-00804657-00804964 traffic engineer so I'm uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02684-00804965-00805306 even with stating that we need to remove
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02685-00805307-00805552 a one-way sign or do this or do that I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02686-00805553-00805825 think I think it should read very
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02687-00805826-00806095 clearly this way and and if Eric agrees
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02688-00806096-00806225 with me maybe we can move forward but
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02689-00806226-00806566 staff shall investigate the traffic flow
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02690-00806567-00806935 on to Elson from Greenville and on to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02691-00806936-00807202 Guerneville from Elson to reduce the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02692-00807203-00807547 potential of traffic collisions period
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02693-00807548-00807752 that's our concern it's a public safety
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02694-00807753-00807988 concern which is part of our purview as
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02695-00807989-00808231 the Design Review Board leaving it that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02696-00808232-00808429 allows you to go to the city engineer
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02697-00808430-00808795 and say hey is the one way sign the best
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02698-00808796-00809062 solution is you know there's a suicide
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02699-00809063-00809272 lane there now at Greenville do we add
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02700-00809273-00809512 an additional curb you know do we do we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02701-00809513-00809677 put a left-hand turn on Guerneville
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02702-00809678-00809863 that's that's you know actually curbed
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02703-00809864-00810083 out you know that that's I think the I
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02704-00810084-00810304 think that's the better way for us to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02705-00810305-00810442 condition this I'm uncomfortable
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02706-00810443-00810850 actually providing exact direction even
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02707-00810851-00811052 in a consider you know when you guys
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02708-00811053-00811438 consider it you loop back out to those
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02709-00811439-00811867 subject matters expert experts to get
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02710-00811868-00812027 more information for the other yeah
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02711-00812028-00812256 exactly so another suggestion would be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02712-00812257-00812510 because of the specific language that we
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02713-00812511-00812844 have I think we understand the concern
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02714-00812845-00813163 we've received that it doesn't even have
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02715-00813164-00813329 to be a condition of approval if the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02716-00813330-00813598 board pleases I can take this back this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02717-00813599-00813769 is coming back to the board for final
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02718-00813770-00814021 design review and I can respond to this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02719-00814022-00814216 question or we can have the city traffic
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02720-00814217-00814597 engineer here as well and and resolve
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02721-00814598-00814888 this issue in that manner is that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02722-00814889-00815281 acceptable here yeah that's the motion
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02723-00815282-00815488 thank you for the dialogue
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02724-00815489-00816006 drew so motion second friendly amendment
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02725-00816007-00816685 accepted can I have a roll call patty
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02726-00816686-00817350 Gordon Brooke
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02727-00817351-00817539 you know the microphone neither I earn
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02728-00817540-00818160 a.i Wankel high gold slug hi
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02729-00818161-00818820 wigs why Sharon hi Hedgepeth hi Kincaid
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02730-00818821-00819243 alright so we've moved through two
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02731-00819244-00819498 preliminary and approval we'll see you
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02732-00819499-00819687 that final thank you for your time
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02733-00819687-00819851 appreciate it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02734-00819852-00820527 thank you okay moving on to item number
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02735-00820528-00820890 seven board member reports and the board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02736-00820891-00821199 member reports I just have one quick
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02737-00821200-00821394 board member report I sent out an email
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02738-00821395-00821700 to all board members extending the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02739-00821701-00822006 invitation from Mayor Tom schwedhelm for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02740-00822007-00822354 walking in the Rose Parade this weekend
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02741-00822354-00822585 some people said that they might be able
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02742-00822586-00822894 to do it so in case anybody else is
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02743-00822895-00823140 interested I do have the information of
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02744-00823141-00823452 where to meet the City Council and other
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02745-00823453-00823650 boards and commissions so if you want it
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02746-00823651-00823953 it's here and thanks for those of you to
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02747-00823954-00824303 can represent the designer review board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02748-00824304-00824715 department reports though just one this
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02749-00824716-00824883 is actually a follow-up to an email that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02750-00824884-00825066 I said earlier today we have some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02751-00825067-00825354 training opportunity and also some
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02752-00825354-00825591 required training so one has to do with
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02753-00825592-00825798 the board commission committee
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02754-00825799-00826196 orientation for long standing board
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02755-00826198-00826377 members some of that will probably be
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02756-00826378-00826599 redundant may still be useful or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02757-00826600-00826820 interesting so feel free to attend for
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02758-00826821-00827049 new board members highly recommended and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02759-00827050-00827367 then the other has to do with the newly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02760-00827368-00827583 mandated anti-harassment training that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02761-00827584-00827912 is mandatory so if you don't know what
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02762-00827914-00828126 I'm talking about check your email your
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02763-00828127-00828324 City email address that's in there and
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02764-00828325-00828446 then if you have any questions you can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02765-00828448-00828660 get back to me one question there was a
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02766-00828661-00829029 March 5th powwow that's at the salad
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02767-00829029-00829317 tomatoes on harassment that some of us
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02768-00829318-00829653 may have attended is that is this the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02769-00829654-00829820 legislation is four times a year now or
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02770-00829821-00830310 how many is this a new you don't know
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02771-00830311-00830412 what the action
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02772-00830413-00830695 requirement is four times of its I think
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02773-00830695-00830875 that that our requirement I got an email
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02774-00830876-00831136 from Dina saying that she had our
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02775-00831137-00831325 certificate in hand and that it met the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02776-00831326-00831525 requirement but you and I attended that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02777-00831526-00831714 I remember seeing you in that met the
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02778-00831715-00831939 requirement yes how far would you be no
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02779-00831940-00832411 okay thank you my only question in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02780-00832412-00832695 general most of us have to take it in
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02781-00832696-00833004 our workplace and so it sounds like that
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02782-00833005-00833241 satisfies so what you can do is you can
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02783-00833242-00833529 email either me or Dina in the City
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02784-00833530-00833688 Clerk's office to see if that's truly
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02785-00833689-00833913 the case it sounds like it is mm-hmm
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02786-00833914-00834225 okay yeah I think we're all pretty much
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02787-00834226-00834654 required to take up now maybe not
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02788-00834655-00835521 Henry's a sole proprietor all right if
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02789-00835522-00835737 there's no further Department reports
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02790-00835738-00835971 and we are on to item number nine
y2ZTvwVpPXg-02791-00835972-00836256 adjournment
y4adVy-DhoI-00000-00000356-00000693 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00001-00000694-00002111 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00003-00007792-00008002 so
y4adVy-DhoI-00004-00008003-00010247 [Laughter]
y4adVy-DhoI-00005-00010248-00011431 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00006-00011432-00014010 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00008-00017992-00018207 do
y4adVy-DhoI-00010-00027504-00027823 do
y4adVy-DhoI-00011-00027824-00028772 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00012-00028773-00029399 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00013-00029400-00030685 my
y4adVy-DhoI-00014-00030686-00031545 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00015-00031547-00032853 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00017-00036016-00036219 when
y4adVy-DhoI-00018-00036220-00036256 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00019-00036257-00036679 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00020-00036680-00036989 where where where where
y4adVy-DhoI-00021-00036990-00037548 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00022-00037549-00037951 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00023-00037952-00038310 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00024-00038311-00038695 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00025-00038696-00039057 hey
y4adVy-DhoI-00026-00039058-00041799 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00027-00041800-00043343 bye
y4adVy-DhoI-00028-00043344-00043471 way
y4adVy-DhoI-00029-00043472-00043967 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00030-00043968-00044828 where where where where
y4adVy-DhoI-00031-00044829-00045068 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00032-00045069-00045187 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00033-00045188-00045442 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00034-00045443-00045813 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00035-00045814-00045827 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00036-00045828-00046111 [Applause]
y4adVy-DhoI-00037-00046112-00046677 ah
y4adVy-DhoI-00039-00052679-00054296 so
y4adVy-DhoI-00040-00054297-00055415 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00041-00055416-00055721 do
y4adVy-DhoI-00042-00055722-00056535 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00043-00056536-00056854 uh
y4adVy-DhoI-00044-00056854-00059338 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00045-00059339-00062191 [Music]
y4adVy-DhoI-00046-00062191-00062371 so
y4adVy-DhoI-00048-00065920-00066351 oh
y4adVy-DhoI-00049-00066352-00068142 [Music]
y6F-9S3YzeA-00000-00000019-00000440 for hom IPT my procent for hydroxy and
y6F-9S3YzeA-00001-00000441-00000632 methyl and isopropyl tryptamine is a
y6F-9S3YzeA-00002-00000633-00000893 synthetic substituted aromatic compound
y6F-9S3YzeA-00003-00000894-00001043 and a lesser-known psychedelic
y6F-9S3YzeA-00004-00001044-00001241 tryptamine it is thought to be a
y6F-9S3YzeA-00005-00001242-00001466 serotonergic psychedelic similar to
y6F-9S3YzeA-00006-00001467-00001787 magic mushrooms LSD and mescaline its
y6F-9S3YzeA-00007-00001788-00001964 molecular structure and pharmacological
y6F-9S3YzeA-00008-00001964-00002195 effects somewhat resembled those of the
y6F-9S3YzeA-00009-00002196-00002387 tryptamine psilocin which is the primary
y6F-9S3YzeA-00010-00002388-00003143 psychoactive chemical in magic mushrooms
y6F-9S3YzeA-00011-00003144-00003647 topic history
y6F-9S3YzeA-00012-00003648-00003965 for hom IPT was presumably first
y6F-9S3YzeA-00013-00003967-00004242 synthesized by Alexander Shulgin if
y6F-9S3YzeA-00014-00004243-00004491 synthesis is described in his book Tikal
y6F-9S3YzeA-00015-00004492-00004665 along with reports by people who had
y6F-9S3YzeA-00016-00004666-00004961 ingested the compound Shogun's trials
y6F-9S3YzeA-00017-00004962-00005193 and other anecdotal information suggests
y6F-9S3YzeA-00018-00005194-00005429 that for hom I PT as a synthetic
y6F-9S3YzeA-00019-00005430-00005639 psychedelic similar in activity to
y6F-9S3YzeA-00020-00005640-00005934 psilocin it is relatively uncommon and
y6F-9S3YzeA-00021-00005935-00006651 has only a short history of human use
y6F-9S3YzeA-00022-00006652-00007162 topic chemistry
y6F-9S3YzeA-00023-00007163-00007428 my pro scene is the four hydroxyl analog
y6F-9S3YzeA-00024-00007429-00007609 of the chemical and methyl and isopropyl
y6F-9S3YzeA-00025-00007609-00007801 tryptamine as well as the isopropyl
y6F-9S3YzeA-00026-00007802-00008023 homologue and possible structural analog
y6F-9S3YzeA-00027-00008023-00008731 of 4h Oh DMT
y6F-9S3YzeA-00028-00008732-00009278 topic pharmacology
y6F-9S3YzeA-00029-00009279-00009545 for hom IPT is thought to be a
y6F-9S3YzeA-00030-00009546-00009816 serotonergic psychedelic like other
y6F-9S3YzeA-00031-00009817-00010052 serotonergic psychedelics its method of
y6F-9S3YzeA-00032-00010053-00010227 action is believed to result from its
y6F-9S3YzeA-00033-00010228-00010535 partial agonism of five HT to a and v h
y6F-9S3YzeA-00034-00010536-00011251 t1 a serotonin receptors
y6F-9S3YzeA-00035-00011252-00011778 topic toxicity
y6F-9S3YzeA-00036-00011779-00012009 very little is known about the toxicity
y6F-9S3YzeA-00037-00012010-00012396 of for hom IPT its chemical structure
y6F-9S3YzeA-00038-00012397-00012609 and pharmacological activity are very
y6F-9S3YzeA-00039-00012610-00012825 similar to psilocin a compound which
y6F-9S3YzeA-00040-00012826-00013046 isn't associated with compulsive use or
y6F-9S3YzeA-00041-00013047-00013166 physical dependence
y6F-9S3YzeA-00042-00013166-00013443 however because very little research has
y6F-9S3YzeA-00043-00013444-00013728 been done on for hom i PT it cannot be
y6F-9S3YzeA-00044-00013729-00013881 definitively concluded that its
y6F-9S3YzeA-00045-00013882-00014076 pharmacological actions in the human
y6F-9S3YzeA-00046-00014077-00014226 body do not differ from those of
y6F-9S3YzeA-00047-00014227-00014444 psilocin to date there have been no
y6F-9S3YzeA-00048-00014446-00015233 reported deaths from for hom I pt
y6F-9S3YzeA-00049-00015234-00015747 topic duration
y6F-9S3YzeA-00050-00015749-00016087 onset of action as 15 to 45 minutes and
y6F-9S3YzeA-00051-00016088-00016276 has a duration of four to six hours
y6F-9S3YzeA-00052-00016277-00016561 depending on dose the duration of action
y6F-9S3YzeA-00053-00016562-00016768 is one half hour to two hours when
y6F-9S3YzeA-00054-00016769-00017369 injected IV
y6F-9S3YzeA-00055-00017370-00017957 topic drug prohibition laws
y6F-9S3YzeA-00056-00017958-00018298 you
y6F-9S3YzeA-00057-00018299-00018778 topic Sweden
y6F-9S3YzeA-00058-00018779-00019027 Sveriges Riksbank health ministry
y6F-9S3YzeA-00059-00019028-00019285 statins focus o institute classified for
y6F-9S3YzeA-00060-00019286-00019666 hom IPTS health hazard under the ACT
y6F-9S3YzeA-00061-00019667-00019953 logon ohm for budmo visa how so far Liga
y6F-9S3YzeA-00062-00019954-00020188 var or translated act on the prohibition
y6F-9S3YzeA-00063-00020189-00020380 of certain Goods dangerous to health as
y6F-9S3YzeA-00064-00020381-00020722 of November 1st 2005 in regulation SF s
y6F-9S3YzeA-00065-00020723-00021214 2005 to 733 listed s 4 hydroxy N and
y6F-9S3YzeA-00066-00021215-00021630 metal isopropyl tryptamine for hom IPT
y6F-9S3YzeA-00067-00021631-00022330 making it illegal to sell or possess
y6F-9S3YzeA-00068-00022331-00022830 topic UK
y6F-9S3YzeA-00069-00022831-00023055 the substance could also be considered
y6F-9S3YzeA-00070-00023056-00023247 illegal in the UK under the misuse of
y6F-9S3YzeA-00071-00023248-00023935 Drugs Act 1971
y6F-9S3YzeA-00072-00023936-00024428 topic USA
y6F-9S3YzeA-00073-00024429-00024778 for hom IPT as an in scheduled drug in
y6F-9S3YzeA-00074-00024779-00025088 the United States however it is arguably
y6F-9S3YzeA-00075-00025089-00025289 an analog of psilocin which could lead
y6F-9S3YzeA-00076-00025290-00025496 to prosecution under the federal analog
y6F-9S3YzeA-00077-00025497-00026009 Act
y6F-9S3YzeA-00078-00026010-00026473 topic Russia
y6F-9S3YzeA-00079-00026474-00026820 for hom I PT is in schedule 1 in Russia
y6F-9S3YzeA-00080-00026822-00027564 as an analogue of 4 hydroxy tryptamine
y6F-9S3YzeA-00081-00027566-00028102 topic see also
y6F-9S3YzeA-00082-00028104-00028895 mipt for a CEO mipt for me Oh mi p t5
y6F-9S3YzeA-00083-00028897-00029450 mio mi PT dimethyltryptamine psilocybin
y6F-9S3YzeA-00084-00029451-00029975 pitocin tickle psychedelic drug
y6F-9S3YzeA-00085-00029976-00030302 psychoactive drug
y6YzL4OVaC4-00000-00001088-00003713 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00001-00003714-00003832 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00002-00003833-00006833 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00003-00006834-00007206 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00004-00007208-00009139 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00005-00009140-00010535 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00006-00010536-00011515 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00008-00014636-00015350 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00010-00018840-00019165 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00011-00019166-00020464 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00012-00020465-00023111 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00014-00026369-00026881 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00015-00026882-00029752 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00016-00029754-00029979 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00018-00034286-00035631 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00020-00039121-00040396 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00021-00040397-00042157 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00022-00042158-00042433 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00023-00042434-00043465 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00024-00043466-00044015 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00026-00048175-00049532 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00028-00060332-00062107 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00029-00062108-00062242 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00030-00062244-00063166 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00031-00063167-00063865 [Laughter]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00032-00063866-00066638 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00033-00066639-00067718 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00034-00067719-00068315 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00035-00068316-00068544 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00037-00072044-00072203 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00038-00072204-00072308 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00039-00072309-00074716 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00040-00074717-00075335 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00041-00075336-00075733 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00042-00075734-00078405 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00043-00078406-00079553 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00044-00079554-00079929 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00046-00086083-00086329 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00047-00086330-00086471 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00048-00086472-00088229 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00050-00091626-00091726 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00051-00091727-00094487 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00052-00094488-00094692 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00053-00094693-00094765 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00054-00094766-00095477 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00055-00095478-00096160 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00056-00096161-00096250 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00057-00096251-00097547 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00058-00097548-00097901 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00060-00101807-00102003 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00062-00106085-00107078 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00063-00107079-00107698 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00064-00107699-00108136 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00065-00108138-00108264 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00066-00108265-00110277 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00068-00113376-00114394 thanks
y6YzL4OVaC4-00069-00114395-00116386 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00070-00116388-00116663 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00074-00128732-00129073 you'll be on there
y6YzL4OVaC4-00075-00129074-00129247 mission is safe
y6YzL4OVaC4-00076-00129248-00130327 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00077-00130328-00131194 good morning
y6YzL4OVaC4-00078-00131195-00132127 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00079-00132128-00133699 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00080-00133700-00134674 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00081-00134675-00136193 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00082-00136194-00136612 tomorrow
y6YzL4OVaC4-00084-00141882-00143160 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00085-00143161-00144964 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00086-00144965-00145901 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00087-00145902-00147461 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00088-00147462-00148216 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00090-00151434-00154421 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00092-00157620-00160224 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00093-00160225-00161790 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00094-00161791-00161978 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00095-00161979-00163997 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00096-00163998-00164519 another
y6YzL4OVaC4-00097-00164520-00165095 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00098-00165096-00167099 one
y6YzL4OVaC4-00099-00167100-00168180 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00100-00168181-00170031 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00101-00170032-00170375 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00102-00170376-00170582 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00103-00170583-00171092 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00104-00171093-00173621 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00105-00173622-00173765 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00106-00173766-00174881 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00107-00174882-00175643 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00108-00175644-00177793 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00109-00177794-00178913 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00110-00178914-00179993 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00111-00179994-00180947 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00114-00187236-00188783 underwater
y6YzL4OVaC4-00115-00188784-00190816 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00116-00190817-00192004 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00117-00192005-00194387 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00118-00194388-00195860 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00119-00195861-00197657 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00120-00197658-00198076 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00122-00201494-00201821 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00123-00201822-00202205 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00124-00202206-00203048 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00126-00209721-00211105 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00127-00211106-00211916 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00128-00211917-00212223 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00129-00212223-00212594 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00130-00212596-00213415 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00131-00213416-00213698 thank you
y6YzL4OVaC4-00132-00213700-00214451 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00133-00214452-00214898 right now
y6YzL4OVaC4-00135-00220950-00221244 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00136-00221246-00221629 I feel it
y6YzL4OVaC4-00137-00221630-00221842 I feel it
y6YzL4OVaC4-00138-00221844-00222148 now
y6YzL4OVaC4-00139-00222150-00222350 um
y6YzL4OVaC4-00140-00222351-00223978 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00141-00223979-00224392 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00142-00224394-00224686 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00144-00229640-00229890 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00145-00229891-00230360 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00146-00230361-00230419 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00147-00230421-00231796 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00148-00231798-00231869 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00149-00231869-00232737 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00151-00237683-00237841 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00153-00241469-00242306 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00154-00242307-00244360 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00156-00247398-00248009 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00159-00255006-00255834 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00161-00260179-00260692 [Applause]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00162-00260694-00261401 [Music]
y6YzL4OVaC4-00163-00261402-00261935 foreign
y6YzL4OVaC4-00164-00261936-00263993 [Music]
y9TWquv-XCy-00000-00000136-00000303 okay these are the stairs
y9TWquv-XCy-00001-00000304-00000526 up to the main house or the cottage
y9TWquv-XCy-00002-00000527-00000958 actually
y9TWquv-XCy-00003-00000959-00001270 note the array of life forms
y9TWquv-XCy-00004-00001271-00002287 plant life forms i should say
y9TWquv-XCy-00005-00002288-00002839 this is the living room
y9TWquv-XCy-00006-00002840-00003118 um the bedroom is tiny so i'll just kind
y9TWquv-XCy-00007-00003119-00003447 of cram myself into the corner over here
y9TWquv-XCy-00008-00003447-00003670 but simple to the point i haven't
y9TWquv-XCy-00009-00003671-00004070 decorated it much
y9TWquv-XCy-00010-00004071-00004479 and the cottage size kitchen over here
y9TWquv-XCy-00011-00004480-00004816 chalk it all the way up so you can see
y9TWquv-XCy-00012-00004817-00005383 [Music]
y9TWquv-XCy-00013-00005384-00005679 and this way we have the black bridge
y9TWquv-XCy-00014-00005680-00006006 which overviews the pond
y9TWquv-XCy-00015-00006007-00006127 apparently you're threatened by that
y9TWquv-XCy-00016-00006128-00006375 punk okay um
y9TWquv-XCy-00017-00006376-00006527 where we keep the robot because he's
y9TWquv-XCy-00018-00006528-00006742 annoying
y9TWquv-XCy-00019-00006743-00007191 and um oh yes and down here we have
y9TWquv-XCy-00020-00007192-00007478 stairs to go
y9TWquv-XCy-00021-00007479-00007839 loot get to the water and get to
y9TWquv-XCy-00022-00007840-00008063 um all of the crafting material that we
y9TWquv-XCy-00023-00008064-00008231 need
y9TWquv-XCy-00024-00008232-00008648 and then loops back around this way
y9TWquv-XCy-00025-00008649-00008951 [Music]
y9TWquv-XCy-00026-00008952-00009423 to the greenhouse and lab both
y9TWquv-XCy-00027-00009424-00009799 where no one is allowed and
y9TWquv-XCy-00028-00009800-00010135 in here we have storage for
y9TWquv-XCy-00029-00010136-00010559 equipment a
y9TWquv-XCy-00030-00010560-00010799 laboratory set up and all of the
y9TWquv-XCy-00031-00010800-00010903 different varying
y9TWquv-XCy-00032-00010904-00011055 life forms that she's collected while
y9TWquv-XCy-00033-00011056-00011287 she's been traveling her
y9TWquv-XCy-00034-00011288-00011999 way around wastelands
y9TWquv-XCy-00035-00012000-00012159 oh yes and what's left of the garden
y9TWquv-XCy-00036-00012160-00013119 over here
y9TWquv-XCy-00037-00013119-00013759 and it's small and to the point
y9ZCuO3tENI-00000-00005468-00006506 what's that
y9ZCuO3tENI-00001-00006506-00006761 hey there little lady what are you doing
y9ZCuO3tENI-00002-00006762-00007136 out here by yourself need a ride back
y9ZCuO3tENI-00003-00007137-00007445 into town I could bring you ain't gonna
y9ZCuO3tENI-00004-00007445-00007661 fight you know I can't just stay out
y9ZCuO3tENI-00005-00007662-00007940 here come on now
y9ZCuO3tENI-00006-00007941-00008798 hop in
y9ZCuO3tENI-00007-00008799-00009210 Upjohn what's your name Mary my name is
y9ZCuO3tENI-00008-00009211-00009330 Jason
y9ZCuO3tENI-00009-00009331-00009649 all right there Jessie
y9ZCuO3tENI-00010-00009650-00010012 well what do you say we get going no 36
y9ZCuO3tENI-00011-00010013-00010351 71 maple round if we go
y9ZCuO3tENI-00012-00010352-00010780 my parents must be so worried so what
y9ZCuO3tENI-00013-00010781-00011149 happened why are we there I was on my
y9ZCuO3tENI-00014-00011150-00011500 way to a party but on the way there I
y9ZCuO3tENI-00015-00011501-00011650 got flat tire
y9ZCuO3tENI-00016-00011651-00011869 oh you poor thing I must have missed
y9ZCuO3tENI-00017-00011870-00012064 your car back there but at least you're
y9ZCuO3tENI-00018-00012065-00012592 safe listen I'm sorry about acting weird
y9ZCuO3tENI-00019-00012593-00012735 when you found me
y9ZCuO3tENI-00020-00012736-00013030 North recent stories but the man going
y9ZCuO3tENI-00021-00013031-00013294 around connecting girls I didn't know
y9ZCuO3tENI-00022-00013294-00013521 what to think
y9ZCuO3tENI-00023-00013522-00013968 flat my friends call me there how come
y9ZCuO3tENI-00024-00013969-00016808 cuz I'm like one big teddy bear
y9ZCuO3tENI-00025-00016809-00017225 well here it is thank you John I knew
y9ZCuO3tENI-00026-00017226-00017567 you were gonna let me be a gentleman
y9ZCuO3tENI-00027-00017568-00018651 here and help you out
y9ZCuO3tENI-00028-00018652-00020989 but the
y9ZCuO3tENI-00029-00020990-00021492 what who's there what do you want I just
y9ZCuO3tENI-00030-00021493-00021652 wanted to know if just made it in
y9ZCuO3tENI-00031-00021653-00021981 alright I didn't see her and go inside
y9ZCuO3tENI-00032-00021982-00022189 somehow
y9ZCuO3tENI-00033-00022190-00022421 getting sick of people like you coming
y9ZCuO3tENI-00034-00022422-00022589 in the middle of the night to keep
y9ZCuO3tENI-00035-00022590-00022745 reminding us of the daughter we lost
y9ZCuO3tENI-00036-00022746-00023116 five years ago leave us alone
y9ZCuO3tENI-00037-00023117-00023366 get out of here now or I'll call the
y9ZCuO3tENI-00039-00026393-00028407 hey do you need a ride
y9ZCuO3tENI-00040-00028408-00028697 I'm Jesse
yrdPRl0YAE4-00000-00000053-00000353 discourse from Latin discursive running
yrdPRl0YAE4-00001-00000354-00000595 to and from denotes written and spoken
yrdPRl0YAE4-00002-00000596-00000893 communications in semantics and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00003-00000894-00001081 discourse analysis discourse is a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00004-00001082-00001258 conceptual generalization of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00005-00001259-00001460 conversation within each modality in
yrdPRl0YAE4-00006-00001461-00001792 context of communication the totality of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00007-00001793-00002048 codified language vocabulary used in a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00008-00002049-00002260 given field of intellectual enquiry and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00009-00002261-00002438 of social practice such as legal
yrdPRl0YAE4-00010-00002439-00002677 discourse medical discourse religious
yrdPRl0YAE4-00011-00002678-00003014 discourse etc in the work of Michel
yrdPRl0YAE4-00012-00003015-00003175 Foucault and that of the social
yrdPRl0YAE4-00013-00003176-00003388 theoreticians he inspired discourse
yrdPRl0YAE4-00014-00003389-00003652 describes an entity of sequences of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00015-00003653-00003842 science in that they are announcements
yrdPRl0YAE4-00016-00003843-00004138 and Wednesday's statements in
yrdPRl0YAE4-00017-00004139-00004333 conversation as discourse and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00018-00004334-00004631 announcement statement is not a unit of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00019-00004632-00004888 semiotic signs but an abstract construct
yrdPRl0YAE4-00020-00004889-00005102 that allows the semiotic signs to assign
yrdPRl0YAE4-00021-00005103-00005268 meaning and so communicate specific
yrdPRl0YAE4-00022-00005269-00005540 repeatable communications to between and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00023-00005541-00005809 among objects subjects and statements
yrdPRl0YAE4-00024-00005810-00006059 therefore a discourse is composed of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00025-00006060-00006307 semiotic sequences relations among signs
yrdPRl0YAE4-00026-00006308-00006494 that communicate meaning between and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00027-00006495-00006742 among objects subjects and statements
yrdPRl0YAE4-00028-00006743-00007133 the term discursive formation French
yrdPRl0YAE4-00029-00007134-00007331 formation discursive conceptually
yrdPRl0YAE4-00030-00007331-00007541 describes the regular communications
yrdPRl0YAE4-00031-00007542-00007736 written and spoken that produced such
yrdPRl0YAE4-00032-00007737-00007916 discourses such as informal
yrdPRl0YAE4-00033-00007917-00008195 conversations as a philosopher Michel
yrdPRl0YAE4-00034-00008196-00008363 Foucault applied the discursive
yrdPRl0YAE4-00035-00008364-00008567 formation in the analyses of large
yrdPRl0YAE4-00036-00008568-00008783 bodies of knowledge such as political
yrdPRl0YAE4-00037-00008784-00009008 economy and natural history in the first
yrdPRl0YAE4-00038-00009009-00009221 sense usage semantics and discourse
yrdPRl0YAE4-00039-00009222-00009437 analysis the term discourse is studied
yrdPRl0YAE4-00040-00009438-00009632 in corpus linguistics the study of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00041-00009633-00009863 language expressed in corpora samples of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00042-00009864-00010229 real-world texts in the second sense the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00043-00010230-00010430 codified language of a field of inquiry
yrdPRl0YAE4-00044-00010431-00010658 and in the third sense a statement on n
yrdPRl0YAE4-00045-00010659-00010865 1 say the analysis of a discourse
yrdPRl0YAE4-00046-00010866-00011069 examines and determines the connections
yrdPRl0YAE4-00047-00011070-00011338 among language and structure and agency
yrdPRl0YAE4-00048-00011339-00011597 moreover because a discourse is a body
yrdPRl0YAE4-00049-00011598-00011762 of text meant to communicate specific
yrdPRl0YAE4-00050-00011763-00012014 data information and knowledge there
yrdPRl0YAE4-00051-00012015-00012224 exist internal relations in the content
yrdPRl0YAE4-00052-00012225-00012407 of a given discourse likewise there
yrdPRl0YAE4-00053-00012408-00012569 exist external relations among
yrdPRl0YAE4-00054-00012570-00012874 discourses as such a discourse does not
yrdPRl0YAE4-00055-00012875-00013136 exist per se in itself but is related to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00056-00013137-00013316 other discourses by way of inter
yrdPRl0YAE4-00057-00013316-00013428 discursive 'ti
yrdPRl0YAE4-00058-00013429-00013660 discourses are also perpetually
yrdPRl0YAE4-00059-00013661-00013819 differentiating toward each other in
yrdPRl0YAE4-00060-00013819-00014035 time therefore in the course of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00061-00014036-00014251 intellectual enquiry the discourse among
yrdPRl0YAE4-00062-00014252-00014455 researchers features the questions and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00063-00014456-00014669 answers of what is
yrdPRl0YAE4-00064-00014670-00014861 and what is not
yrdPRl0YAE4-00065-00014862-00015050 conducted according to the meanings
yrdPRl0YAE4-00066-00015051-00015263 denotation and connotation of the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00067-00015263-00015475 concepts statements used in the given
yrdPRl0YAE4-00068-00015476-00015700 field of enquiry such as anthropology
yrdPRl0YAE4-00069-00015701-00015953 ethnography and sociology cultural
yrdPRl0YAE4-00070-00015954-00016127 studies and literary theory the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00071-00016128-00016614 philosophy of science and feminism
yrdPRl0YAE4-00072-00016615-00017144 topic the humanities
yrdPRl0YAE4-00073-00017145-00017327 in the humanities and in the social
yrdPRl0YAE4-00074-00017328-00017597 sciences the term discourse describes a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00075-00017598-00017753 formal way of thinking that can be
yrdPRl0YAE4-00076-00017754-00017942 expressed through language the discourse
yrdPRl0YAE4-00077-00017943-00018130 as a social boundary that defines what
yrdPRl0YAE4-00078-00018131-00018369 statements can be said about a topic
yrdPRl0YAE4-00079-00018370-00018578 discourse can affect the person's
yrdPRl0YAE4-00080-00018579-00018761 perspective it is impossible to avoid
yrdPRl0YAE4-00081-00018762-00019100 discourse for any subject for example to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00082-00019101-00019313 notably distinct discourses can be used
yrdPRl0YAE4-00083-00019314-00019475 about various guerrilla movements
yrdPRl0YAE4-00084-00019476-00019672 describing them either as freedom
yrdPRl0YAE4-00085-00019673-00020069 fighters or terrorists in other words
yrdPRl0YAE4-00086-00020070-00020258 the chosen discourse provides the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00087-00020259-00020500 vocabulary expressions and perhaps also
yrdPRl0YAE4-00088-00020501-00020716 the style needed to communicate
yrdPRl0YAE4-00089-00020717-00020944 discourses are embedded in different
yrdPRl0YAE4-00090-00020945-00021140 rhetorical genres and meta Chandra's
yrdPRl0YAE4-00091-00021141-00021394 that constrain and enable them that is
yrdPRl0YAE4-00092-00021395-00021587 language talking about language for
yrdPRl0YAE4-00093-00021588-00021763 instance the American Psychiatric
yrdPRl0YAE4-00094-00021764-00022069 Association's dsm-iv manual tells which
yrdPRl0YAE4-00095-00022070-00022258 terms have to be used in talking about
yrdPRl0YAE4-00096-00022259-00022463 mental health thereby mediating meanings
yrdPRl0YAE4-00097-00022464-00022613 and dictating practices of the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00098-00022614-00022775 professionals of psychology and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00099-00022776-00023090 psychiatry discourse is closely linked
yrdPRl0YAE4-00100-00023091-00023275 to different theories of power and state
yrdPRl0YAE4-00101-00023276-00023494 at least as long as defining discourses
yrdPRl0YAE4-00102-00023495-00023636 has seemed to mean defining reality
yrdPRl0YAE4-00103-00023637-00023962 itself this conception of discourse is
yrdPRl0YAE4-00104-00023963-00024149 largely derived from the work of French
yrdPRl0YAE4-00105-00024150-00024602 philosopher Michel Foucault
yrdPRl0YAE4-00106-00024603-00025152 topic formal semantics
yrdPRl0YAE4-00107-00025153-00025392 a discourse representation theory
yrdPRl0YAE4-00108-00025393-00025580 describes the formal semantics of a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00109-00025581-00026074 sentence using predicate logic
yrdPRl0YAE4-00110-00026075-00026551 topic modernism
yrdPRl0YAE4-00111-00026552-00026761 modern theorists were focused on
yrdPRl0YAE4-00112-00026762-00026949 achieving progress and believed in the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00113-00026950-00027154 existence of natural and social laws
yrdPRl0YAE4-00114-00027155-00027330 which could be used universally to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00115-00027331-00027489 develop knowledge and thus a better
yrdPRl0YAE4-00116-00027491-00027765 understanding of society modernist
yrdPRl0YAE4-00117-00027766-00027912 theorists were preoccupied with
yrdPRl0YAE4-00118-00027913-00028120 obtaining the truth and reality and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00119-00028120-00028264 sought to develop theories which
yrdPRl0YAE4-00120-00028264-00028496 contained certainty and predictability
yrdPRl0YAE4-00121-00028497-00028723 modernist theorists therefore view
yrdPRl0YAE4-00122-00028724-00028927 discourse as being relative to talking
yrdPRl0YAE4-00123-00028927-00029092 or way of talking and understood
yrdPRl0YAE4-00124-00029093-00029374 discourse to be functional discourse and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00125-00029375-00029574 language transformations are ascribed to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00126-00029575-00029758 progress or the need to develop new or
yrdPRl0YAE4-00127-00029758-00030064 more accurate words to describe new
yrdPRl0YAE4-00128-00030064-00030307 discoveries understandings or areas of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00129-00030308-00030604 interest in modern times language and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00130-00030605-00030820 discourse are dissociated from power and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00131-00030820-00031060 ideology and instead conceptualized as
yrdPRl0YAE4-00132-00031061-00031383 natural products of common sense usage
yrdPRl0YAE4-00133-00031384-00031651 or progress modernism further gave rise
yrdPRl0YAE4-00134-00031652-00031833 to the liberal discourses of rights
yrdPRl0YAE4-00135-00031834-00032095 equality freedom and justice however
yrdPRl0YAE4-00136-00032095-00032274 this rhetoric masked substantive
yrdPRl0YAE4-00137-00032275-00032439 inequality and failed to account for
yrdPRl0YAE4-00138-00032440-00032915 differences according to Renier
yrdPRl0YAE4-00139-00032916-00033455 topic structuralism
yrdPRl0YAE4-00140-00033456-00033666 structuralist theorists such as
yrdPRl0YAE4-00141-00033667-00033846 Ferdinand de Saussure and Jacques Lacan
yrdPRl0YAE4-00142-00033847-00034089 argue that all human actions and social
yrdPRl0YAE4-00143-00034090-00034287 formations are related to language and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00144-00034288-00034476 can be understood as systems of related
yrdPRl0YAE4-00145-00034477-00034788 elements this means that the individual
yrdPRl0YAE4-00146-00034789-00034977 elements of a system only have
yrdPRl0YAE4-00147-00034978-00035166 significance when considered in relation
yrdPRl0YAE4-00148-00035167-00035394 to the structure as a whole and that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00149-00035395-00035592 structures are to be understood as
yrdPRl0YAE4-00150-00035593-00035844 self-contained self regulated and self
yrdPRl0YAE4-00151-00035845-00036183 transforming entities in other words it
yrdPRl0YAE4-00152-00036184-00036375 is the structure itself that determines
yrdPRl0YAE4-00153-00036376-00036570 the significance meaning and function of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00154-00036571-00036788 the individual elements of a system
yrdPRl0YAE4-00155-00036789-00037008 structuralism has made an important
yrdPRl0YAE4-00156-00037009-00037194 contribution to our understanding of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00157-00037195-00037473 language and social systems so sirs
yrdPRl0YAE4-00158-00037474-00037644 theory of language highlights the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00159-00037645-00037791 decisive role of meaning and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00160-00037792-00038007 signification in structuring human life
yrdPRl0YAE4-00161-00038008-00038398 more generally
yrdPRl0YAE4-00162-00038399-00039031 topic postmodernism following the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00163-00039032-00039235 perceived limitations of the modern era
yrdPRl0YAE4-00164-00039236-00039553 emerged postmodern theory postmodern
yrdPRl0YAE4-00165-00039554-00039781 theorists rejected modernist claims that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00166-00039782-00039964 there was one theoretical approach that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00167-00039965-00040255 explained all aspects of society rather
yrdPRl0YAE4-00168-00040256-00040486 post modernist theorists were interested
yrdPRl0YAE4-00169-00040487-00040696 in examining the variety of experience
yrdPRl0YAE4-00170-00040697-00040915 of individuals and groups and emphasized
yrdPRl0YAE4-00171-00040916-00041146 differences over similarities and common
yrdPRl0YAE4-00172-00041147-00041404 experiences in contrast to modern theory
yrdPRl0YAE4-00173-00041405-00041614 postmodern theory is more fluid and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00174-00041615-00041815 allows for individual differences as it
yrdPRl0YAE4-00175-00041816-00042039 rejected the notion of social laws
yrdPRl0YAE4-00176-00042040-00042280 postmodern theorists shifted away from
yrdPRl0YAE4-00177-00042281-00042469 truth seeking and instead sought answers
yrdPRl0YAE4-00178-00042470-00042643 for how truths are produced and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00179-00042644-00042922 sustained post modernists contended that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00180-00042923-00043168 truth and knowledge is plural contextual
yrdPRl0YAE4-00181-00043169-00043324 and historically produced through
yrdPRl0YAE4-00182-00043325-00043594 discourses post modern researchers
yrdPRl0YAE4-00183-00043595-00043750 therefore embarked on analyzing
yrdPRl0YAE4-00184-00043751-00043975 discourses such as texts language
yrdPRl0YAE4-00185-00043976-00044218 policies and practices French social
yrdPRl0YAE4-00186-00044219-00044413 theorist Michel Foucault developed a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00187-00044414-00044599 notion of discourse in his early work
yrdPRl0YAE4-00188-00044600-00044832 especially the archaeology of knowledge
yrdPRl0YAE4-00189-00044833-00045160 1972 in discursive struggles within
yrdPRl0YAE4-00190-00045161-00045429 social welfare restaging team motherhood
yrdPRl0YAE4-00191-00045430-00045724 IALS us summarizes Foucault's definition
yrdPRl0YAE4-00192-00045725-00045892 of discourses systems of thoughts
yrdPRl0YAE4-00193-00045893-00046156 composed of ideas attitudes courses of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00194-00046157-00046351 action beliefs and practices that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00195-00046352-00046564 systematically construct the subjects in
yrdPRl0YAE4-00196-00046565-00046813 the worlds of which they speak Foucault
yrdPRl0YAE4-00197-00046814-00047032 traces the role of discourses in wider
yrdPRl0YAE4-00198-00047033-00047257 social processes of legitimating and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00199-00047258-00047464 power emphasizing the construction of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00200-00047465-00047635 current truths how they are maintained
yrdPRl0YAE4-00201-00047636-00047818 and what power relations they carry with
yrdPRl0YAE4-00202-00047819-00048073 them Foucault later theorized that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00203-00048074-00048217 discourse is a medium through which
yrdPRl0YAE4-00204-00048218-00048406 power relations produce speaking
yrdPRl0YAE4-00205-00048407-00048886 subjects Foucault 1977-1980 argued that
yrdPRl0YAE4-00206-00048887-00049081 power and knowledge are interrelated and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00207-00049082-00049279 therefore every human relationship is a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00208-00049280-00049479 struggle and negotiation of power
yrdPRl0YAE4-00209-00049480-00049729 Foucault further stated that power is
yrdPRl0YAE4-00210-00049730-00049945 always present and can both produce and
yrdPRl0YAE4-00211-00049946-00050200 constrain the truth discourse according
yrdPRl0YAE4-00212-00050201-00050668 to Foucault 1977 1980 2003 is related to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00213-00050669-00050857 power as it operates by rules of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00214-00050858-00051112 exclusion discourse therefore is
yrdPRl0YAE4-00215-00051113-00051316 controlled by objects what can be spoken
yrdPRl0YAE4-00216-00051317-00051505 of ritual where and how one may speak
yrdPRl0YAE4-00217-00051506-00051750 and the privileged who may speak
yrdPRl0YAE4-00218-00051751-00051909 coining the phrases power knowledge
yrdPRl0YAE4-00219-00051910-00052200 Foucault 1980 stated knowledge was both
yrdPRl0YAE4-00220-00052201-00052386 the creator of power and creation of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00221-00052387-00052679 power an object becomes a node within a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00222-00052680-00052890 network in his work the archaeology of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00223-00052891-00053109 knowledge Foucault uses the example of a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00224-00053110-00053267 book to illustrate a node within a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00225-00053269-00053511 network a book is not made up of
yrdPRl0YAE4-00226-00053512-00053727 individual words on a page each of which
yrdPRl0YAE4-00227-00053728-00053937 has meaning but rather is caught up in a
yrdPRl0YAE4-00228-00053938-00054120 system of references to other books
yrdPRl0YAE4-00229-00054121-00054372 other texts other sentences the meaning
yrdPRl0YAE4-00230-00054373-00054561 of that book is connected to a larger
yrdPRl0YAE4-00231-00054562-00054744 overarching web of knowledge and ideas
yrdPRl0YAE4-00232-00054745-00055008 to which it relates one of the key
yrdPRl0YAE4-00233-00055009-00055217 discourses that Foucault identified as
yrdPRl0YAE4-00234-00055219-00055379 part of his critique of power knowledge
yrdPRl0YAE4-00235-00055380-00055580 was that of neoliberalism which he
yrdPRl0YAE4-00236-00055582-00055741 related very closely to his
yrdPRl0YAE4-00237-00055742-00055962 conceptualization of government ality in
yrdPRl0YAE4-00238-00055963-00056211 his lectures on biopolitics this
yrdPRl0YAE4-00239-00056212-00056394 trajectory of Foucault's thinking has
yrdPRl0YAE4-00240-00056395-00056567 been taken up widely within human
yrdPRl0YAE4-00241-00056569-00056891 geography topics see also topic notes
yrdPRl0YAE4-00242-00056892-00057241 topic references M Foucault 1977
yrdPRl0YAE4-00243-00057242-00057534 discipline and punish New York Pantheon
yrdPRl0YAE4-00244-00057535-00057807 is B and O three nine four four nine
yrdPRl0YAE4-00245-00057808-00058296 nine four two five M Foucault 1982
yrdPRl0YAE4-00246-00058297-00058517 lectures in Colin Gordon Eadie power
yrdPRl0YAE4-00247-00058519-00058829 knowledge selected interviews New York
yrdPRl0YAE4-00248-00058830-00059250 Pantheon M Foucault 2003 society must be
yrdPRl0YAE4-00249-00059251-00059634 defended new york Picador ISBN o3 one
yrdPRl0YAE4-00250-00059635-00060021 two four two two six six Oh a the cool
yrdPRl0YAE4-00251-00060022-00060369 and w grace 1993 a Foucault primer
yrdPRl0YAE4-00252-00060370-00060603 discourse power and the subject
yrdPRl0YAE4-00253-00060604-00060842 melbourne melbourne university press
yrdPRl0YAE4-00254-00060844-00061539 ISBN Oh 8 1 4 7 5 4 805 J motion and s
yrdPRl0YAE4-00255-00061540-00061845 leach 2007 a toolbox for public
yrdPRl0YAE4-00256-00061846-00062054 relations the ova of michel foucault
yrdPRl0YAE4-00257-00062054-00062542 public relations review 33 3 263 took
yrdPRl0YAE4-00258-00062544-00063116 268 joy 10.1 0 1 6 j para point two zero
yrdPRl0YAE4-00259-00063117-00063375 zero seven point zero five point zero
yrdPRl0YAE4-00260-00063376-00063888 zero four R moly 1997 structural Social
yrdPRl0YAE4-00261-00063889-00064197 Work ideology theory and practice 2nd ed
yrdPRl0YAE4-00262-00064198-00064616 new york oxford university press ISBN
yrdPRl0YAE4-00263-00064616-00064947 o77 106 6 7 3 2
yrdPRl0YAE4-00264-00064948-00065173 howard h 2017
yrdPRl0YAE4-00265-00065174-00065512 discourse to PowerPoint slides retrieved
yrdPRl0YAE4-00266-00065513-00066037 from HTTP colon slash slash ww2 lain edu
yrdPRl0YAE4-00267-00066038-00066361 slash tilde HL Ward slash b RL g /
yrdPRl0YAE4-00268-00066362-00066895 discourse HTML be norton 1997 language
yrdPRl0YAE4-00269-00066896-00067152 identity and the ownership of english
yrdPRl0YAE4-00270-00067153-00067474 TESOL quarterly teachers of English to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00271-00067475-00067891 speakers of other languages Inc TESOL 31
yrdPRl0YAE4-00272-00067892-00068548 3 409 to 429 joy 10.2 3:07 three million
yrdPRl0YAE4-00273-00068549-00068755 five hundred eighty-seven thousand eight
yrdPRl0YAE4-00274-00068756-00069121 hundred thirty one JSTOR three million
yrdPRl0YAE4-00275-00069122-00069334 five hundred eighty-seven thousand eight
yrdPRl0YAE4-00276-00069335-00069556 hundred thirty one researches resistance
yrdPRl0YAE4-00277-00069557-00069769 critical indigenous and anti-oppressive
yrdPRl0YAE4-00278-00069770-00070237 approaches 2005 in brown la Strega STDs
yrdPRl0YAE4-00279-00070238-00070621 toronto canadian scholars press s Strega
yrdPRl0YAE4-00280-00070622-00070924 2005 the view from the post structural
yrdPRl0YAE4-00281-00070925-00071127 margins epistemology and methodology
yrdPRl0YAE4-00282-00071128-00071422 reconsidered in Elle Brown and s Strega
yrdPRl0YAE4-00283-00071423-00071830 Edie's researches resistance PP 199 to
yrdPRl0YAE4-00284-00071831-00071970 235
yrdPRl0YAE4-00285-00071971-00072301 Toronto Canadian scholars press J
yrdPRl0YAE4-00286-00072302-00072682 Sunderland 2004 gendered discourses New
yrdPRl0YAE4-00287-00072683-00072727 York
yrdPRl0YAE4-00288-00072728-00072964 Palgrave Macmillan topic external links
yrdPRl0YAE4-00289-00072965-00073144 interdisciplinary research portal
yrdPRl0YAE4-00290-00073145-00073408 discourse analysis register and get the
yrdPRl0YAE4-00291-00073409-00073681 news in discourse analysis beyond open
yrdPRl0YAE4-00292-00073682-00073921 access open discourse the next great
yrdPRl0YAE4-00293-00073922-00074311 equalizer retrovirology 2006 355
yrdPRl0YAE4-00294-00074312-00074746 discourse loon in the Chinese tradition
yrSEcGOmNdM-00000-00001136-00001673 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00001-00001673-00003903 [Applause]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00002-00003904-00005231 i don't tell myself
yrSEcGOmNdM-00003-00005232-00005567 i hate all this overthinking
yrSEcGOmNdM-00004-00005568-00006703 oh
yrSEcGOmNdM-00005-00006704-00007539 is
yrSEcGOmNdM-00006-00007540-00008127 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00007-00008128-00008377 now
yrSEcGOmNdM-00008-00008378-00008742 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00009-00008743-00009073 here
yrSEcGOmNdM-00010-00009074-00011167 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00011-00011168-00011347 get me
yrSEcGOmNdM-00012-00011348-00012206 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00013-00012207-00012399 wasting time
yrSEcGOmNdM-00014-00012400-00013807 yeah i wanna run off and fly
yrSEcGOmNdM-00015-00013808-00015166 feels like
yrSEcGOmNdM-00016-00015168-00015694 take me
yrSEcGOmNdM-00017-00015695-00016754 painkillers
yrSEcGOmNdM-00018-00016755-00017567 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00019-00017568-00017779 where are
yrSEcGOmNdM-00020-00017780-00018335 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00021-00018336-00019767 of we
yrSEcGOmNdM-00022-00019768-00020098 i am
yrSEcGOmNdM-00023-00020099-00021736 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00024-00021737-00023845 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00026-00027025-00027273 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00027-00027274-00028116 [Applause]
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yrSEcGOmNdM-00029-00028979-00031192 [Music]
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yrSEcGOmNdM-00034-00040020-00042790 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00035-00042791-00043263 so
yrSEcGOmNdM-00036-00043264-00045774 [Music]
yrSEcGOmNdM-00037-00045775-00045984 you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00000-00000155-00000530 good welcome to my wonderful talk
yv0tjlAc7pA-00001-00000531-00000682 securing a search engine while
yv0tjlAc7pA-00002-00000683-00000970 maintaining usability so I'm going to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00003-00000971-00001124 talk about about elastic search but not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00004-00001125-00001441 how you use it or anything like that my
yv0tjlAc7pA-00005-00001442-00001579 main intention of all of this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00006-00001580-00001807 basically that I explain how we do
yv0tjlAc7pA-00007-00001809-00001982 certain things within the elastic search
yv0tjlAc7pA-00008-00001982-00002242 codebase to keep it as SecureAuth we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00009-00002243-00002542 think it can be all I'm gonna talk about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00010-00002543-00002710 this open source so you can just rip it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00011-00002711-00002968 out use it for your own projects and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00012-00002969-00003137 that's basically the whole idea like I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00013-00003138-00003299 will just show you how we do things and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00014-00003300-00003497 you might think that this makes actually
yv0tjlAc7pA-00015-00003497-00003838 sense in your codebase so yeah hi I'm
yv0tjlAc7pA-00016-00003839-00004163 there I'm Alex I'm a husband that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00017-00004164-00004381 community advocate I've been on the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00018-00004382-00004550 elastic search core team for a couple of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00019-00004551-00004813 years before switching jobs recently my
yv0tjlAc7pA-00020-00004814-00005000 Olivia Munich but elastic is a fully
yv0tjlAc7pA-00021-00005001-00005243 distributed company so we are more than
yv0tjlAc7pA-00022-00005244-00005404 thousand five hundred people basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-00023-00005405-00005620 all across the world we have an office
yv0tjlAc7pA-00024-00005621-00005816 in Munich but I know they go there like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00025-00005817-00005966 if you talk to want to talk to me about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00026-00005967-00006343 Home Office I'm a huge fan anyway the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00027-00006344-00006653 company behind the elastic stack which
yv0tjlAc7pA-00028-00006654-00007055 is a couple of products open-source and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00029-00007056-00007268 a couple of commercial extensions and of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00030-00007269-00007427 course a whole ecosystem around it like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00031-00007428-00007664 support training consulting running all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00032-00007665-00007997 of this on premise and a service all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00033-00007998-00008198 right before I proceed just to make sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00034-00008199-00008471 who of you knows elasticsearch just
yv0tjlAc7pA-00035-00008472-00008657 quick show of hands that's a majority
yv0tjlAc7pA-00036-00008658-00008864 that makes my job incredibly easy it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00037-00008865-00009014 awesome
yv0tjlAc7pA-00038-00009015-00009239 so elasticsearch at its core is just a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00039-00009240-00009440 full-text search engine or a search
yv0tjlAc7pA-00040-00009441-00009587 engine which can be used for stuff like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00041-00009588-00009773 full text search which you know from
yv0tjlAc7pA-00042-00009774-00009953 Google you type something into Google
yv0tjlAc7pA-00043-00009954-00010133 you get back all the documents where the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00044-00010134-00010361 terms include it you can use it for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00045-00010362-00010505 analytics or business intelligence
yv0tjlAc7pA-00046-00010506-00010769 whatever you call it you can use it for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00047-00010770-00010955 geo based search whenever you execute a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00048-00010956-00011159 search on Yelp or whatever searching for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00049-00011160-00011327 restaurants running elasticsearch in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00050-00011328-00011483 background whenever you search something
yv0tjlAc7pA-00051-00011484-00011720 on github or Wikipedia this is running
yv0tjlAc7pA-00052-00011721-00011963 elastic search all of this is supposed
yv0tjlAc7pA-00053-00011964-00012158 to be running in real time so the time
yv0tjlAc7pA-00054-00012159-00012404 between indexing and document making the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00055-00012405-00012545 wave before search should be super super
yv0tjlAc7pA-00056-00012546-00012799 short the interesting part is elastic
yv0tjlAc7pA-00057-00012800-00012968 search is distributed and scalable which
yv0tjlAc7pA-00058-00012969-00013144 means you can run it on one node you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00059-00013146-00013430 run it on 100 nodes you can scale out
yv0tjlAc7pA-00060-00013431-00013516 like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00061-00013518-00013714 more nodes or scaling up like buying
yv0tjlAc7pA-00062-00013715-00013961 more expensive hardware it's supposed to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00063-00013962-00014186 be highly available which is kind of a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00064-00014187-00014467 misnomer the whole idea is its resilient
yv0tjlAc7pA-00065-00014468-00014627 because if you use commodity hardware
yv0tjlAc7pA-00066-00014628-00014842 the more nodes you add the higher will
yv0tjlAc7pA-00067-00014843-00015166 be the likelihood of a failure so the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00068-00015168-00015313 whole idea is that the system itself
yv0tjlAc7pA-00069-00015315-00015589 notices failure and adapts itself to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00070-00015590-00015811 change it conditions so that every time
yv0tjlAc7pA-00071-00015812-00016049 you loosen though the system itself
yv0tjlAc7pA-00072-00016050-00016199 makes sure that there are enough copies
yv0tjlAc7pA-00073-00016200-00016441 of your data rate up in the cluster the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00074-00016442-00016636 interface to communicate with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00075-00016637-00016894 elasticsearch is HTTP and JSON the whole
yv0tjlAc7pA-00076-00016895-00017083 idea is basically that every developer
yv0tjlAc7pA-00077-00017084-00017314 hopefully knows HTTP and JSON so there's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00078-00017315-00017600 at least no new object notation to learn
yv0tjlAc7pA-00079-00017601-00017789 if you if you want to interface with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00080-00017790-00018031 elastic search and elastic search itself
yv0tjlAc7pA-00081-00018032-00018244 it's kind of the the centerpiece or the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00082-00018245-00018403 heart of the elastic stack with all the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00083-00018404-00018680 products around it this is my fully
yv0tjlAc7pA-00084-00018681-00018869 uneducated guess which I don't have any
yv0tjlAc7pA-00085-00018870-00019217 backing evidence for but from my
yv0tjlAc7pA-00086-00019218-00019375 personal experience I suppose they're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00087-00019376-00019519 like tens of thousands of clusters
yv0tjlAc7pA-00088-00019520-00019664 running with elastic search all across
yv0tjlAc7pA-00089-00019665-00019844 the road which means they're potentially
yv0tjlAc7pA-00090-00019845-00019984 hundreds of thousands of instances
yv0tjlAc7pA-00091-00019985-00020222 running which means it's quite a big
yv0tjlAc7pA-00092-00020223-00020372 attack surface right like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00093-00020373-00020546 if someone finds security hold elastic
yv0tjlAc7pA-00094-00020547-00020719 search he potentially found a couple of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00095-00020720-00020936 hundred thousand security holes which
yv0tjlAc7pA-00096-00020937-00021169 also means we have to take security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00097-00021170-00021377 pretty seriously we still tell people
yv0tjlAc7pA-00098-00021378-00021550 don't put elastic search in the internet
yv0tjlAc7pA-00099-00021551-00021739 turns out that if you write something
yv0tjlAc7pA-00100-00021740-00021893 down in the internet it doesn't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00101-00021894-00022228 particularly happen and this means we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00102-00022229-00022387 have to think about this in a in a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00103-00022388-00022675 constant wave fashion so this is my plan
yv0tjlAc7pA-00104-00022676-00022958 for today I want to talk about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00105-00022959-00023158 yeah security is it a feature
yv0tjlAc7pA-00106-00023159-00023314 non-functional requirement I want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00107-00023315-00023475 talk about the security manager
yv0tjlAc7pA-00108-00023476-00023686 production mode was development mode
yv0tjlAc7pA-00109-00023687-00023924 which is less of a security topic but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00110-00023925-00024097 again an important topic which I hope
yv0tjlAc7pA-00111-00024098-00024353 you can just take home where it's about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00112-00024354-00024611 like what can we do to detect if we're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00113-00024612-00024775 running in production in development I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00114-00024776-00025058 want to talk about plugins if you're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00115-00025059-00025214 maintaining and writing a software at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00116-00025215-00025343 your customers and you don't have to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00117-00025344-00025615 take care of plugins that's great don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00118-00025616-00025793 ever think about it but if you do like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00119-00025794-00025972 what do you need to keep in mind and I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00120-00025973-00026276 want to quickly talk about scripting all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00121-00026277-00026525 right security feature or non-functional
yv0tjlAc7pA-00122-00026526-00026764 requirement it's kind of a bit of both
yv0tjlAc7pA-00123-00026765-00026883 right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00124-00026883-00027095 of course everyone is like software has
yv0tjlAc7pA-00125-00027097-00027300 to be secure yeah that's a great
yv0tjlAc7pA-00126-00027301-00027444 sentence but that doesn't particularly
yv0tjlAc7pA-00127-00027445-00027792 help you to achieve anything of that if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00128-00027793-00027981 you ask a developer he's more like oh
yv0tjlAc7pA-00129-00027982-00028173 yeah we have to like do defensive
yv0tjlAc7pA-00130-00028174-00028344 programming catch every arrow or what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00131-00028345-00028680 have you if you ask a business guy he's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00132-00028681-00028860 gonna tell you ear security is we don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00133-00028861-00029022 want to throw a certain data so we can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00134-00029023-00029240 get a PCI DSS certification if we don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00135-00029241-00029373 store credit card data or if we don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00136-00029374-00029625 persist it if you ask someone who
yv0tjlAc7pA-00137-00029626-00029772 doesn't know a lot about security he's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00138-00029773-00029915 gonna explain you that his software is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00139-00029916-00030183 not exploitable that's not particularly
yv0tjlAc7pA-00140-00030183-00030423 happening I suppose there are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00141-00030424-00030594 interesting developments recently like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00142-00030595-00030815 stuff like rust preventing like buffer
yv0tjlAc7pA-00143-00030816-00030948 overflows and things like that on
yv0tjlAc7pA-00144-00030949-00031125 compile time phase which i think is a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00145-00031126-00031443 really nice approach but we still have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00146-00031444-00031689 long way to go on software not being
yv0tjlAc7pA-00147-00031689-00031851 exploitable especially if humans are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00148-00031852-00032013 using it you can just exploit the humans
yv0tjlAc7pA-00149-00032014-00032139 instead of the software if you need to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00150-00032139-00032714 get the data yeah there's a wonderful
yv0tjlAc7pA-00151-00032714-00033033 thing about this one so I adopted you'd
yv0tjlAc7pA-00152-00033034-00033192 want to prevent unintended resource
yv0tjlAc7pA-00153-00033193-00033384 access like a directory traversal attack
yv0tjlAc7pA-00154-00033385-00033570 there was a super common and just add a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00155-00033571-00033726 couple of dots in a web server and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00156-00033727-00033905 suddenly you can access certain files
yv0tjlAc7pA-00157-00033906-00034176 and this is a wonderful thing that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00158-00034177-00034542 surfaced 2017 that Siemens actually
yv0tjlAc7pA-00159-00034543-00034752 issued the CVE entry about their
yv0tjlAc7pA-00160-00034753-00035058 dishwasher and their dishwasher had a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00161-00035059-00035313 directory traversal tech which means you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00162-00035314-00035517 could read a file like EDC shadow from
yv0tjlAc7pA-00163-00035518-00035733 this dishwasher and you could do other
yv0tjlAc7pA-00164-00035734-00036002 funny things and demons just said oh
yv0tjlAc7pA-00165-00036003-00036273 yeah we fixed this the main point here
yv0tjlAc7pA-00166-00036274-00036552 is like is it good to fix the directory
yv0tjlAc7pA-00167-00036553-00036690 traversal attack or I should you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00168-00036691-00036852 probably just shut down the frigging web
yv0tjlAc7pA-00169-00036853-00037044 server and your dishwasher right there
yv0tjlAc7pA-00170-00037045-00037218 are two ways of solving this issue and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00171-00037219-00037383 I'm not sure of like demons picked the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00172-00037384-00037620 right way here this is another thing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00173-00037621-00037815 just to think about in terms of security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00174-00037816-00037983 if you don't need something to have up
yv0tjlAc7pA-00175-00037984-00038405 and running please shut it down yeah
yv0tjlAc7pA-00176-00038406-00038619 there's always a lease privilege
yv0tjlAc7pA-00177-00038620-00038790 principle make sure you don't run
yv0tjlAc7pA-00178-00038791-00038994 certain services with privileges if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00179-00038995-00039132 don't need to make sure you can drop
yv0tjlAc7pA-00180-00039133-00039435 privileges if possible and of course if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00181-00039436-00039663 bad things happen and I don't think
yv0tjlAc7pA-00182-00039664-00039927 there's an if there's only a when make
yv0tjlAc7pA-00183-00039928-00040119 sure that you reduce the impact surface
yv0tjlAc7pA-00184-00040120-00040260 but I may be layering secure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00185-00040261-00040433 he will have to we're gonna talk about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00186-00040434-00040530 that later in the context of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00187-00040531-00040821 elasticsearch as well what I don't want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00188-00040822-00040964 to talk about today is security as a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00189-00040965-00041270 feature elasticsearch has all these kind
yv0tjlAc7pA-00190-00041271-00041445 of features authentication or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00191-00041446-00041757 authorization against other systems TLS
yv0tjlAc7pA-00192-00041758-00041927 or logging
yv0tjlAc7pA-00193-00041928-00042155 using single sign-on some more Kerberos
yv0tjlAc7pA-00194-00042156-00042386 and this is more for me like security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00195-00042387-00042536 from an integration perspective right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00196-00042537-00042670 you want to integrate with other systems
yv0tjlAc7pA-00197-00042671-00042867 you want to make sure you only have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00198-00042868-00043067 sample user repository these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00199-00043068-00043311 things and this is what I consider today
yv0tjlAc7pA-00200-00043312-00043524 is security as a feature and that's not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00201-00043525-00043880 what I'm gonna talk about also like the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00202-00043881-00044120 the borders are kind of blurry
yv0tjlAc7pA-00203-00044121-00044430 so imagine integrity checks if you do an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00204-00044431-00044682 integrity check with this an TLS packet
yv0tjlAc7pA-00205-00044683-00044930 for example it's considered a security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00206-00044931-00045236 feature like comparing check sums and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00207-00045237-00045371 these kind of things if you do an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00208-00045372-00045564 integrity check and compare check sums
yv0tjlAc7pA-00209-00045565-00045737 with the data you've wrote to disk it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00210-00045738-00046014 sort of a resiliency feature right you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00211-00046015-00046130 want to make sure that there's no bit
yv0tjlAc7pA-00212-00046131-00046301 flipping going on when writing to disk
yv0tjlAc7pA-00213-00046302-00046635 so sometimes the same action results in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00214-00046636-00046845 different categorization so it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00215-00046846-00047142 sometimes hard to differentiate this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00216-00047143-00047286 our favorite exception as Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00217-00047287-00047448 developers which I suppose most of you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00218-00047449-00047689 here are the out of memory exception
yv0tjlAc7pA-00219-00047690-00047907 which usually meant like you have to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00220-00047908-00048086 shut down your JVM and we started again
yv0tjlAc7pA-00221-00048087-00048342 if you managed to prevent this kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00222-00048343-00048596 exception in your application code it is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00223-00048597-00048770 a security feature it is a resiliency
yv0tjlAc7pA-00224-00048771-00048962 feature because after this exception
yv0tjlAc7pA-00225-00048963-00049112 happened the behavior of the JVM is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00226-00049113-00049415 undefined and that potentially can mean
yv0tjlAc7pA-00227-00049416-00049615 you bleak data or anything like that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00228-00049616-00049842 this is an elastic search specific thing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00229-00049843-00049995 I'm going to talk about that at the end
yv0tjlAc7pA-00230-00049996-00050252 if we have time this is a general thing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00231-00050253-00050474 like if you deal with any kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00232-00050475-00050732 credentials in your system make sure you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00233-00050733-00050910 don't accidentally expose them in your
yv0tjlAc7pA-00234-00050911-00051210 API endpoints because they're just part
yv0tjlAc7pA-00235-00051211-00051329 of your regular configuration or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00236-00051330-00051392 anything like that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00237-00051394-00051746 and this is another interesting one is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00238-00051747-00051944 every one of you knowing what their own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00239-00051945-00052082 application is doing if you run out of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00240-00052083-00052413 disk space like what happens is the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00241-00052414-00052548 application just stopping if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00242-00052549-00052704 application trying to write things is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00243-00052704-00052938 the application deciding writing this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00244-00052939-00053091 part of your application is important
yv0tjlAc7pA-00245-00053091-00053271 because it's really maybe live data but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00246-00053272-00053559 I stopped writing locks you can change
yv0tjlAc7pA-00247-00053560-00053630 your like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00248-00053632-00053751 decide what you want to do in this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00249-00053752-00053940 behavior but but it's a tricky thing in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00250-00053941-00054141 leucine which is the underlying library
yv0tjlAc7pA-00251-00054141-00054273 in elasticsearch being used for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00252-00054274-00054495 full-text search running out of this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00253-00054496-00054672 space while writing could end up in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00254-00054673-00054866 corrupted data so we basically put
yv0tjlAc7pA-00255-00054867-00054999 something on top of there to prevent
yv0tjlAc7pA-00256-00055000-00055197 writing when running out of disk space
yv0tjlAc7pA-00257-00055198-00055395 we just stopped writing but these are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00258-00055396-00055536 all kind of things you have to keep in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00259-00055537-00055671 mind when having and running your own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00260-00055672-00056097 application next thing back to Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00261-00056098-00056337 developers who have you knows if it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00262-00056338-00056508 possible within your own application at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00263-00056509-00056682 some point in your application to call
yv0tjlAc7pA-00264-00056683-00056751 system.exit
yv0tjlAc7pA-00265-00056752-00056970 and kill the process like can you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00266-00056971-00057174 prevent this do you have scripting
yv0tjlAc7pA-00267-00057175-00057333 enable which which allows you to run
yv0tjlAc7pA-00268-00057334-00057594 this it's it's important to think about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00269-00057595-00057723 this kind of things because I don't want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00270-00057724-00057954 anyone in my system to be able to call
yv0tjlAc7pA-00271-00057954-00058299 system.exit all right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00272-00058300-00058536 we all remember Donald Rumsfeld and his
yv0tjlAc7pA-00273-00058537-00058860 famous reasoning to start the the second
yv0tjlAc7pA-00274-00058861-00059022 invasion of Iraq where he talked about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00275-00059023-00059279 known unknowns no nodes and unknown
yv0tjlAc7pA-00276-00059280-00059502 unknowns and I think he was talking
yv0tjlAc7pA-00277-00059503-00059652 about this as part of an IT security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00278-00059653-00059949 expert so if we sort of to pick this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00279-00059950-00060213 into no notes and we map this to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00280-00060214-00060546 security this could be things which you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00281-00060547-00060666 may be not doing any default
yv0tjlAc7pA-00282-00060666-00060834 distribution but you know it's up there
yv0tjlAc7pA-00283-00060835-00060999 for me the classic thing is like file
yv0tjlAc7pA-00284-00061000-00061173 permissions there are so many products
yv0tjlAc7pA-00285-00061174-00061434 out there where they have a securing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00286-00061435-00061592 your product guide where they like oh
yv0tjlAc7pA-00287-00061594-00061740 yeah you should fix file permissions
yv0tjlAc7pA-00288-00061741-00061971 like if you know that this is something
yv0tjlAc7pA-00289-00061972-00062139 you should fix please fix it in your
yv0tjlAc7pA-00290-00062140-00062313 distribution and don't tell other people
yv0tjlAc7pA-00291-00062314-00062598 to run a chmod command or anything like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00292-00062599-00062816 that right like if you know things and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00293-00062817-00063054 you know it can be fixed like do it for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00294-00063054-00063195 your customers instead of have them
yv0tjlAc7pA-00295-00063196-00063528 doing it then they are the known
yv0tjlAc7pA-00296-00063529-00063798 unknowns what is this I would say this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00297-00063799-00063927 is something like application level
yv0tjlAc7pA-00298-00063928-00064089 exploits if someone finds the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00299-00064090-00064245 hole in our scripting language
yv0tjlAc7pA-00300-00064246-00064464 implementation or something like that if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00301-00064465-00064689 we had known about this concrete box we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00302-00064690-00064899 would have fixed it while we can never
yv0tjlAc7pA-00303-00064900-00065105 be sure that there is no such kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00304-00065107-00065319 bug and the last thing the unknown
yv0tjlAc7pA-00305-00065320-00065516 unknowns for me is like the most classic
yv0tjlAc7pA-00306-00065517-00065715 thing occurring last year the spectra
yv0tjlAc7pA-00307-00065716-00065940 where us application developer wake up
yv0tjlAc7pA-00308-00065941-00066144 in the morning check your emails and we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00309-00066145-00066360 were like well right there's not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00310-00066361-00066561 much you can do in terms of defensing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00311-00066562-00066780 and these kind of things and they happen
yv0tjlAc7pA-00312-00066781-00066987 but you still have to deal with them in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00313-00066988-00067485 application alright question who have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00314-00067486-00067676 you ever called system set security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00315-00067677-00068018 manager in their own code exactly zero
yv0tjlAc7pA-00316-00068019-00068187 hence that's what I usually get it any
yv0tjlAc7pA-00317-00068188-00068385 java user group as well who of you has
yv0tjlAc7pA-00318-00068386-00068541 ever used the security manager I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00319-00068542-00068790 activated it single person that's also
yv0tjlAc7pA-00320-00068791-00069182 the average which brings us to the point
yv0tjlAc7pA-00321-00069183-00069524 what is the security manager the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00322-00069525-00069693 security manager basically allows you to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00323-00069694-00069885 send box your java application so what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00324-00069886-00070179 you basically do is you can configure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00325-00070180-00070505 your java application to prevent certain
yv0tjlAc7pA-00326-00070506-00070763 calls right you can prevent opening
yv0tjlAc7pA-00327-00070764-00070992 files you can prevent writing files you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00328-00070993-00071166 can prevent opening a socket or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00329-00071167-00071472 listening to a socket you can also can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00330-00071473-00071657 prevent opening certain URLs or system
yv0tjlAc7pA-00331-00071658-00071859 properties anything like that and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00332-00071860-00072171 whole idea stems from the far far pasts
yv0tjlAc7pA-00333-00072172-00072399 some of you still might be able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00334-00072400-00072605 remember Java applets which is basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-00335-00072606-00072798 the exact same thing that javascript is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00336-00072799-00072993 doing in the browser nowadays you're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00337-00072994-00073187 basically taking someone else's code and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00338-00073188-00073362 run it on your local machine from a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00339-00073363-00073517 security perspective this is the worse
yv0tjlAc7pA-00340-00073518-00073682 thing you can do but since we have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00341-00073683-00073848 browsers everyone is doing it on daily
yv0tjlAc7pA-00342-00073849-00074066 basis and it's constantly accepted fine
yv0tjlAc7pA-00343-00074067-00074373 and the whole point of that is that if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00344-00074374-00074567 you take someone else killed and want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00345-00074568-00074738 run or locally you want to make sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00346-00074739-00074934 it's not doing anything bad or stupid
yv0tjlAc7pA-00347-00074935-00075062 you want to make sure it's not reading
yv0tjlAc7pA-00348-00075063-00075267 et Cie passivity and exfiltrating it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00349-00075268-00075497 somewhere and this was the whole idea of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00350-00075498-00075749 Java applets pac-man right you could
yv0tjlAc7pA-00351-00075750-00075954 take someone else's code run it locally
yv0tjlAc7pA-00352-00075955-00076137 but at the same time you could be sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00353-00076138-00076376 it's not able to run other people to to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00354-00076377-00076542 read your files or sent them over the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00355-00076543-00076716 network or anything like that so you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00356-00076717-00077000 basically you were the one defining the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00357-00077001-00077229 security policies and then you you ran
yv0tjlAc7pA-00358-00077230-00077466 other person's code and this is exactly
yv0tjlAc7pA-00359-00077467-00077634 what the security manager did back in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00360-00077635-00077829 the day and still today but it's it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00361-00077830-00078291 just used much less yeah I would if we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00362-00078292-00078465 had more time I would give a fancy demo
yv0tjlAc7pA-00363-00078466-00078638 here we're just show the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00364-00078639-00078767 manager features and that you're not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00365-00078768-00078999 able to read a file or write a file if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00366-00079000-00079238 it is enabled the most interesting part
yv0tjlAc7pA-00367-00079239-00079475 of this demo was basically that you have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00368-00079476-00079779 the ability to change fields which are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00369-00079780-00080006 configured as public static final or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00370-00080007-00080217 private static final in your Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00371-00080218-00080373 classes you can just change
yv0tjlAc7pA-00372-00080374-00080679 if you want using reflection and then
yv0tjlAc7pA-00373-00080680-00080829 people are like but this is a problem
yv0tjlAc7pA-00374-00080830-00081021 but it's defined in the love Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00375-00081022-00081210 language specification that this is a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00376-00081211-00081495 desired feature to actually be able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00377-00081496-00081687 change those kind of fields which you as
yv0tjlAc7pA-00378-00081688-00081885 a programmer wanted it not to be
yv0tjlAc7pA-00379-00081886-00082410 modifiable so let's talk quickly about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00380-00082411-00082590 the drawbacks of a security manager
yv0tjlAc7pA-00381-00082591-00082794 because apparently no one is using it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00382-00082795-00083019 and you should probably think about why
yv0tjlAc7pA-00383-00083020-00083207 and there are a couple of reasons
yv0tjlAc7pA-00384-00083208-00083529 first by default you have to hard code
yv0tjlAc7pA-00385-00083530-00083826 the policies before you're starting up
yv0tjlAc7pA-00386-00083827-00084006 so you have to say I want to be able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00387-00084007-00084159 write this file I want to be able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00388-00084160-00084366 read this file and so forth and imagine
yv0tjlAc7pA-00389-00084367-00084531 that you're a service based or server
yv0tjlAc7pA-00390-00084532-00084726 based application like elasticsearch the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00391-00084727-00084891 first thing you usually do is read a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00392-00084892-00085131 configuration file where your files or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00393-00085132-00085260 where your configuration is written in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00394-00085261-00085371 this is where I want to write my log
yv0tjlAc7pA-00395-00085372-00085494 files this is where everyone write my
yv0tjlAc7pA-00396-00085495-00085710 data files so this kind of approach is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00397-00085711-00086039 not working for these kind of processes
yv0tjlAc7pA-00398-00086040-00086292 by default DNS lookups are cached
yv0tjlAc7pA-00399-00086293-00086355 forever
yv0tjlAc7pA-00400-00086356-00086730 this is just default configuration when
yv0tjlAc7pA-00401-00086731-00086940 the security manager has enabled which
yv0tjlAc7pA-00402-00086941-00087108 kind of makes sense because DNS is a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00403-00087109-00087333 horrible insecure protocol and we still
yv0tjlAc7pA-00404-00087334-00087777 rely on it it's pretty funny this also
yv0tjlAc7pA-00405-00087778-00088068 means that you can't really run this in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00406-00088069-00088218 the cloud-based environment right when
yv0tjlAc7pA-00407-00088219-00088404 you run this on AWS and like IP
yv0tjlAc7pA-00408-00088405-00088515 addresses keep changing in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00409-00088516-00088713 background the JVM doesn't update them
yv0tjlAc7pA-00410-00088714-00088929 and that of course is a problem so you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00411-00088930-00089061 have to make sure that this doesn't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00412-00089062-00089343 happen and this is the biggest part
yv0tjlAc7pA-00413-00089344-00089634 actually running the security manager I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00414-00089635-00089835 enabled means you have to know every
yv0tjlAc7pA-00415-00089836-00090012 single of your dependencies what code
yv0tjlAc7pA-00416-00090013-00090180 are they running is my dependency of a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00417-00090181-00090477 dependency using reflection to access
yv0tjlAc7pA-00418-00090478-00090663 some fields if you don't know this it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00419-00090664-00090888 gonna be extremely hard to really figure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00420-00090889-00091254 out yeah can I run or can I enable the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00421-00091255-00091569 security manager the next problem is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00422-00091570-00091806 because there are so few people using
yv0tjlAc7pA-00423-00091807-00092133 the Java security manager that if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00424-00092134-00092346 use your dependencies you can't be sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00425-00092347-00092472 that you're actually running the same
yv0tjlAc7pA-00426-00092473-00092898 code path that the dependency is running
yv0tjlAc7pA-00427-00092899-00093144 on the CI of the saponin see this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00428-00093145-00093303 happened to us with Neddie a lot
yv0tjlAc7pA-00429-00093304-00093495 nettie was not supposed to run with the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00430-00093496-00093696 security manager and when we started
yv0tjlAc7pA-00431-00093697-00093756 adding this to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00432-00093757-00094065 basic search we basically had to come up
yv0tjlAc7pA-00433-00094066-00094221 with a couple of pull requests to fix an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00434-00094222-00094566 ad first and of course it's not a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00435-00094567-00094833 protection against everything if I find
yv0tjlAc7pA-00436-00094834-00094950 a way to create an out of memory
yv0tjlAc7pA-00437-00094951-00095172 exception in my code or if I find a way
yv0tjlAc7pA-00438-00095173-00095385 to create a stack overflow I can still
yv0tjlAc7pA-00439-00095386-00095595 be able to exit the JVM right this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00440-00095596-00095745 not a protection against everything it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00441-00095746-00096128 just protects against certain things
yv0tjlAc7pA-00442-00096129-00096345 granularity is a problem I have to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00443-00096346-00096546 configure every single permission that I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00444-00096547-00096711 want to allow within the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00445-00096712-00096843 manager so this is really tedious
yv0tjlAc7pA-00446-00096844-00096978 especially if I have a ton of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00447-00096979-00097215 dependencies and we're going to talk
yv0tjlAc7pA-00448-00097216-00097380 about that later how elastic search is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00449-00097381-00097656 doing this and if you're using Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00450-00097657-00097878 agents there's no protection as well the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00451-00097879-00098100 Java agent is basically loaded before
yv0tjlAc7pA-00452-00098101-00098250 the rest of your java application the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00453-00098251-00098556 Java agent is able to modify bytecode so
yv0tjlAc7pA-00454-00098557-00098766 the Java agent has all the freedom it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00455-00098767-00099027 wants to do like a ton of of APM tools
yv0tjlAc7pA-00456-00099028-00099243 for example our Java agents doing that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00457-00099244-00099474 and that usually means like if you use a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00458-00099475-00099657 Java agent you're entering a whole
yv0tjlAc7pA-00459-00099658-00100119 different game again okay something
yv0tjlAc7pA-00460-00100120-00100404 slightly different production mode was
yv0tjlAc7pA-00461-00100405-00100593 development mode this is less a security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00462-00100594-00100863 thing more for making sure elasticsearch
yv0tjlAc7pA-00463-00100864-00101157 works as intended thing and there's a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00464-00101158-00101310 blog post which basically has exactly
yv0tjlAc7pA-00465-00101311-00101556 the same title as a subtitle year
yv0tjlAc7pA-00466-00101557-00101703 knowing you know instead of devastating
yv0tjlAc7pA-00467-00101704-00101943 later and before we get started I'm
yv0tjlAc7pA-00468-00101944-00102192 gonna ask a stupid question is your def
yv0tjlAc7pA-00469-00102193-00102417 setup equivalent to production totally
yv0tjlAc7pA-00470-00102418-00102560 not because otherwise we would all be
yv0tjlAc7pA-00471-00102561-00102705 running MacBooks in production which is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00472-00102706-00103089 super unlikely and but this means like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00473-00103090-00103422 how can we make sure as elasticsearch
yv0tjlAc7pA-00474-00103423-00103742 being a product that there are certain
yv0tjlAc7pA-00475-00103743-00104013 preconditions given in production but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00476-00104014-00104190 not when you run it on your notebook for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00477-00104191-00104417 example elasticsearch needs a decent
yv0tjlAc7pA-00478-00104418-00104571 amount of file handles open at the same
yv0tjlAc7pA-00479-00104572-00104724 time because it's using Lucina under the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00480-00104725-00104907 hood and leucine needs a certain amount
yv0tjlAc7pA-00481-00104908-00105108 of open files and if you're just running
yv0tjlAc7pA-00482-00105108-00105264 on your notebook trying things out I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00483-00105265-00105465 don't care for this limitation but if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00484-00105466-00105780 you're running in production and in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00485-00105781-00105999 middle of your production system like we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00486-00106000-00106173 can't open more files this is an issue
yv0tjlAc7pA-00487-00106174-00106358 right so we want to make sure that we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00488-00106359-00106524 are able to open a decent amount of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00489-00106525-00106773 files when running a production and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00490-00106774-00106950 those gives us a question what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00491-00106951-00107154 good indicator to decide if you're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00492-00107155-00107372 running in production or not as
yv0tjlAc7pA-00493-00107373-00107628 elasticsearch without knowing the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00494-00107629-00107858 environment and also the only thing we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00495-00107859-00108051 don't want to do is basically have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00496-00108052-00108276 configuration flag in production true or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00497-00108277-00108429 false because if you add this kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00498-00108430-00108654 Flags every user is gonna set it to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00499-00108655-00108819 false and you're gonna lose this game
yv0tjlAc7pA-00500-00108820-00109167 right so we thought a little bit like
yv0tjlAc7pA-00501-00109168-00109389 what's a good indicator anyone has an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00502-00109390-00109941 idea it's a distributed system small
yv0tjlAc7pA-00503-00109942-00110406 hint the network so we thought the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00504-00110407-00110585 network is a good indicator of like if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00505-00110586-00110781 we are not running on localhost but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00506-00110782-00110919 we're running on hosts and we are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00507-00110920-00111141 binding on an external IP address this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00508-00111142-00111372 is probably a production set up any kind
yv0tjlAc7pA-00509-00111373-00111591 of wrote this check where we're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00510-00111592-00111906 basically checking is the address that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00511-00111907-00112128 elasticsearch is bound to a loopback
yv0tjlAc7pA-00512-00112129-00112269 address or not if it's a loopback
yv0tjlAc7pA-00513-00112270-00112476 address your development setup if it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00514-00112477-00112719 not we're production setup and we were
yv0tjlAc7pA-00515-00112720-00112920 super smart and thought like alright we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00516-00112921-00113079 solved this problem great way going
yv0tjlAc7pA-00517-00113080-00113360 forward turnout there was this kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00518-00113361-00113592 little thing and this thing here is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00519-00113593-00113727 nothing else like a software-defined
yv0tjlAc7pA-00520-00113728-00114035 network right which basically means if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00521-00114036-00114225 you run elasticsearch within the docker
yv0tjlAc7pA-00522-00114226-00114390 container you suddenly have an external
yv0tjlAc7pA-00523-00114391-00114657 address which basically also means this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00524-00114658-00114797 is supposed to run in production mode
yv0tjlAc7pA-00525-00114798-00115050 but most people also run docker on they
yv0tjlAc7pA-00526-00115051-00115230 development setup so we had to come up
yv0tjlAc7pA-00527-00115231-00115500 with another idea and this is basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-00528-00115501-00115650 the last line in the in the return
yv0tjlAc7pA-00529-00115651-00115941 statement where we said that we have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00530-00115942-00116133 special configuration option you can set
yv0tjlAc7pA-00531-00116133-00116367 to single node which means this this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00532-00116368-00116529 system will never be able to form a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00533-00116530-00116718 cluster it's always running as a single
yv0tjlAc7pA-00534-00116719-00116895 node and this also disables our
yv0tjlAc7pA-00535-00116896-00117147 production checks which brings us back
yv0tjlAc7pA-00536-00117148-00117453 to the question what are our bootstrap
yv0tjlAc7pA-00537-00117454-00117624 checks or what are they exactly doing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00538-00117625-00117933 and you can sort of categorize them into
yv0tjlAc7pA-00539-00117933-00118358 into two course categories one is things
yv0tjlAc7pA-00540-00118359-00118581 that the operating system has to fulfill
yv0tjlAc7pA-00541-00118582-00118800 and the others are preconditions that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00542-00118801-00119094 the JVM has to fulfill from a JVM
yv0tjlAc7pA-00543-00119095-00119244 perspective for example we want to make
yv0tjlAc7pA-00544-00119245-00119486 sure you're not running any early access
yv0tjlAc7pA-00545-00119488-00119718 JDK builds in production right we can't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00546-00119719-00119991 guarantee any behavior in there so we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00547-00119992-00120258 exit we want to make sure you're not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00548-00120258-00120329 using
yv0tjlAc7pA-00549-00120330-00120535 weird garbage collection set up like the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00550-00120536-00120689 serial garbage collector which would
yv0tjlAc7pA-00551-00120690-00120932 mean it would be crazy slow we also want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00552-00120933-00121033 to make sure you're not running on the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00553-00121034-00121214 client jvi mode which means that the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00554-00121215-00121435 optimizations kick in later or not at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00555-00121436-00121735 all also there's a certain combination
yv0tjlAc7pA-00556-00121736-00122054 of the g1 garbage collector in a certain
yv0tjlAc7pA-00557-00122055-00122333 JVM that produces corrupt JIT code and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00558-00122333-00122576 if we detect this we can just exit and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00559-00122577-00122767 tell the user look please upgrade your
yv0tjlAc7pA-00560-00122768-00123014 JDK before going any further or change
yv0tjlAc7pA-00561-00123015-00123272 your garbage collector the other part on
yv0tjlAc7pA-00562-00123273-00123575 the left side is basically checks for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00563-00123576-00123767 the operating system so we want to make
yv0tjlAc7pA-00564-00123768-00124079 sure that the number of open file
yv0tjlAc7pA-00565-00124080-00124234 handles is not high enough we want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00566-00124235-00124448 make sure that the number of threats the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00567-00124449-00124631 user can actually open on the operating
yv0tjlAc7pA-00568-00124632-00124757 system is high enough this is stuff you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00569-00124758-00125039 can usually set with you limit same for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00570-00125040-00125318 the maximum memory size or virtual
yv0tjlAc7pA-00571-00125319-00125513 memory size which is used for a memory
yv0tjlAc7pA-00572-00125514-00125789 mapping files we also have a check for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00573-00125790-00126020 the maximum file size by default on most
yv0tjlAc7pA-00574-00126021-00126149 file systems you use you can use
yv0tjlAc7pA-00575-00126150-00126467 arbitrary high file sizes but if you're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00576-00126468-00126629 running on certain network file systems
yv0tjlAc7pA-00577-00126630-00126920 this is an issue there's also so called
yv0tjlAc7pA-00578-00126921-00127166 M lock all check memory locking memory
yv0tjlAc7pA-00579-00127167-00127301 locking is a really really nice feature
yv0tjlAc7pA-00580-00127302-00127571 where the process can basically tell the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00581-00127572-00127885 operating system never ever swap me out
yv0tjlAc7pA-00582-00127886-00128225 never ever put me on swap space and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00583-00128226-00128438 operating system after that tells the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00584-00128439-00128734 process ok I'm not ever gonna swap you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00585-00128735-00129034 out or sorry you tried but I will swap
yv0tjlAc7pA-00586-00129035-00129275 you out for me too and basically if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00587-00129276-00129491 system if the setting is configured but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00588-00129492-00129689 the system calls fails the elasticsearch
yv0tjlAc7pA-00589-00129690-00129914 also exits so if any one of those checks
yv0tjlAc7pA-00590-00129915-00130169 fails in production elasticsearch exits
yv0tjlAc7pA-00591-00130170-00130304 gives you a nice error message like this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00592-00130305-00130459 is what you should do in order to really
yv0tjlAc7pA-00593-00130460-00130592 nail this this is our link to the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00594-00130593-00130861 documentation please go ahead and fix it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00595-00130863-00131111 because this is super super important to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00596-00131112-00131285 us that all those checks are basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-00597-00131286-00131774 fulfilled before running production all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00598-00131775-00131906 right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00599-00131907-00132161 we're using impact that's an interesting
yv0tjlAc7pA-00600-00132162-00132461 one of course we always want to have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00601-00132462-00132677 this release privilege principle which
yv0tjlAc7pA-00602-00132678-00132842 for example may mean that we don't want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00603-00132843-00133040 to run this route we also want to make
yv0tjlAc7pA-00604-00133041-00133202 sure you can't fork a process and I'm
yv0tjlAc7pA-00605-00133203-00133331 gonna get to that in a second
yv0tjlAc7pA-00606-00133332-00133499 we also don't want to expose any
yv0tjlAc7pA-00607-00133500-00133662 sensitive settings
yv0tjlAc7pA-00608-00133663-00133785 we want to run with the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00609-00133786-00134043 managing enabled and I'm gonna talk
yv0tjlAc7pA-00610-00134044-00134181 about like how we do these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00611-00134182-00134409 things in lastik search the first thing
yv0tjlAc7pA-00612-00134410-00134712 is like don't runs route it's pretty
yv0tjlAc7pA-00613-00134713-00134835 easy right at the end of the day you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00614-00134836-00135174 just have to check MIUI denote zero and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00615-00135175-00135447 if I am let's exit and this is pretty
yv0tjlAc7pA-00616-00135448-00135603 much what elasticsearch is doing as you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00617-00135604-00135813 can see we can't properly detect this on
yv0tjlAc7pA-00618-00135814-00136077 our windows so we have to be on another
yv0tjlAc7pA-00619-00136078-00136245 operating system which is very likely a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00620-00136246-00136545 UNIX clone we call get EU ID which is a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00621-00136546-00136788 native system call if that returns zero
yv0tjlAc7pA-00622-00136789-00137133 we are basically exiting of course this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00623-00137134-00137313 is kind of a lie because the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00624-00137314-00137520 model of Linux is not about being UID 0
yv0tjlAc7pA-00625-00137521-00137778 or not the security model of Linux for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00626-00137779-00137979 example is about capabilities and UID 0
yv0tjlAc7pA-00627-00137980-00138282 basically has all the capabilities but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00628-00138283-00138495 this is sufficient for 90% of the checks
yv0tjlAc7pA-00629-00138496-00138657 because I don't know of a lot of people
yv0tjlAc7pA-00630-00138658-00138915 who have another user who is not the ID
yv0tjlAc7pA-00631-00138916-00139371 0 which has all the capabilities again
yv0tjlAc7pA-00632-00139372-00139554 this is all its needs if you need to do
yv0tjlAc7pA-00633-00139555-00139743 this in your own code just for free and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00634-00139744-00140051 copy it the next thing is sack comp
yv0tjlAc7pA-00635-00140052-00140457 secure computing mode and we always have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00636-00140458-00140583 to take in consideration that the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00637-00140584-00140976 security manager can fail right as every
yv0tjlAc7pA-00638-00140977-00141195 one of you apparently doesn't use it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00639-00141196-00141369 there's a high likelihood that there's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00640-00141370-00141552 code in it which potentially has bugs
yv0tjlAc7pA-00641-00141553-00141804 and we still don't want to be able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00642-00141805-00142110 fork any processes or do any things and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00643-00142111-00142335 if you take a look at most of the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00644-00142336-00142590 security vulnerabilities still today at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00645-00142591-00142917 least for exam take PHP someone usually
yv0tjlAc7pA-00646-00142918-00143211 finds a way to execute commands this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00647-00143212-00143403 like the average security vulnerability
yv0tjlAc7pA-00648-00143404-00143712 so of course you can try and like mask
yv0tjlAc7pA-00649-00143713-00143961 any input mask any output parse it and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00650-00143962-00144255 so forth but what if you just tell you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00651-00144256-00144477 your computer or your operating system
yv0tjlAc7pA-00652-00144478-00144783 just don't execute for calls just do not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00653-00144784-00145074 do this and this is exactly what seccomp
yv0tjlAc7pA-00654-00145075-00145401 is doing second is a feature within the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00655-00145402-00145596 operating system where the process
yv0tjlAc7pA-00656-00145597-00145899 itself can tell the operating system if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00657-00145900-00146142 I should ever do any of those for system
yv0tjlAc7pA-00658-00146143-00146319 calls those of the average system calls
yv0tjlAc7pA-00659-00146320-00146571 you need to execute commands just
yv0tjlAc7pA-00660-00146572-00146949 disallow this don't do it right and this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00661-00146950-00147041 means even
yv0tjlAc7pA-00662-00147042-00147185 there's a security vulnerability and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00663-00147186-00147393 someone finds a way to execute processes
yv0tjlAc7pA-00664-00147394-00147602 within elasticsearch it's forbidden by
yv0tjlAc7pA-00665-00147603-00147812 the operating system because we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00666-00147813-00148025 configured this on startup and the great
yv0tjlAc7pA-00667-00148026-00148202 thing about the SATCOM in general is it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00668-00148203-00148451 works on all operating systems it has a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00669-00148452-00148637 different name on any of those operating
yv0tjlAc7pA-00670-00148638-00148770 systems so you have to check the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00671-00148771-00148988 documentation for each of those but this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00672-00148989-00149300 this whole principle of adding this kind
yv0tjlAc7pA-00673-00149301-00149484 of one-way transitions works on all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00674-00149485-00149895 operating systems next step
yv0tjlAc7pA-00675-00149896-00150173 sensitive settings I think all of us at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00676-00150174-00150398 some point have like usernames and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00677-00150399-00150685 passwords in there configuration files
yv0tjlAc7pA-00678-00150686-00150984 so you have to take care of those kind
yv0tjlAc7pA-00679-00150985-00151143 of things right especially if you have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00680-00151144-00151398 api's like elasticsearch has which sort
yv0tjlAc7pA-00681-00151399-00151541 of allow you to dump all of their
yv0tjlAc7pA-00682-00151542-00151823 configuration via REST API these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00683-00151824-00152232 settings should not be dumped so what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00684-00152233-00152504 can you do this is again just regular
yv0tjlAc7pA-00685-00152505-00152685 lassic search code we basically have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00686-00152686-00152994 so called settings class and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00687-00152995-00153297 settings class allows you to - yeah at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00688-00153298-00153626 add or configure settings and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00689-00153627-00153761 interesting part is you can mark a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00690-00153762-00153974 setting as being filtered and if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00691-00153975-00154124 setting is marked as being filtered it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00692-00154125-00154347 will never be returned when an API call
yv0tjlAc7pA-00693-00154348-00154499 is made so we can just go through all
yv0tjlAc7pA-00694-00154500-00154676 the settings if it's filtered it's not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00695-00154677-00154968 going to be returned one more thing you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00696-00154969-00155162 could keep in mind is that you probably
yv0tjlAc7pA-00697-00155163-00155370 should not put these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00698-00155371-00155525 configurations in your clear text
yv0tjlAc7pA-00699-00155526-00155748 configuration files so usernames and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00700-00155749-00155982 passwords for example so elasticsearch
yv0tjlAc7pA-00701-00155983-00156171 has a mechanism called secure settings
yv0tjlAc7pA-00702-00156172-00156444 which allows you to put these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00703-00156445-00156768 settings in a java key store so it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00704-00156769-00157032 it's not stored on clear text on the on
yv0tjlAc7pA-00705-00157033-00157443 the disk and there's another advantage
yv0tjlAc7pA-00706-00157444-00157797 of this approach and this is you should
yv0tjlAc7pA-00707-00157798-00157973 always reduce the all your settings
yv0tjlAc7pA-00708-00157974-00158288 why imagine I'm gonna elastic start
yv0tjlAc7pA-00709-00158289-00158523 elasticsearch like this so I configure -
yv0tjlAc7pA-00710-00158524-00158733 II is a configuration parameter which I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00711-00158734-00158879 can also put in the configuration file
yv0tjlAc7pA-00712-00158880-00159125 and if you look closely I'm unable to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00713-00159126-00159408 type name in cluster dot name and what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00714-00159409-00159536 happens is that there's an exception
yv0tjlAc7pA-00715-00159537-00159701 being returned on startup so
yv0tjlAc7pA-00716-00159702-00159926 elasticsearch doesn't start up and we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00717-00159927-00160085 can say there's an unknown setting
yv0tjlAc7pA-00718-00160086-00160281 cluster name are did you mean cluster
yv0tjlAc7pA-00719-00160282-00160431 name why because every
yv0tjlAc7pA-00720-00160432-00160581 setting is registered and now we can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00721-00160582-00160785 just compare the the setting which has
yv0tjlAc7pA-00722-00160786-00160968 been typed with the setting that we have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00723-00160969-00161136 registered and by just using a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00724-00161137-00161387 Levenstein or whatever comparison we can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00725-00161388-00161556 just say like look this should be
yv0tjlAc7pA-00726-00161557-00161847 probably just a name go fix it the other
yv0tjlAc7pA-00727-00161848-00162116 advantage of this approach is that the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00728-00162117-00162416 if you register all of the settings you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00729-00162417-00162629 can pretty much know if there's an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00730-00162630-00162795 invalid setting in your Yama file is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00731-00162796-00163064 there's an invalid indentation I'm sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-00732-00163065-00163209 there are tons of people who have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00733-00163210-00163424 searched half an hour for the in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00734-00163425-00163659 indentation in your Yama file because
yv0tjlAc7pA-00735-00163660-00163853 something was just off by two characters
yv0tjlAc7pA-00736-00163854-00164066 and these kind of things can be
yv0tjlAc7pA-00737-00164067-00164252 prevented if you just make sure that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00738-00164253-00164481 your passing is strict instead of just
yv0tjlAc7pA-00739-00164482-00164670 taking your younger configuration pass
yv0tjlAc7pA-00740-00164671-00164832 it to a map and then go through the map
yv0tjlAc7pA-00741-00164833-00165386 step by step alright let's talk about
yv0tjlAc7pA-00742-00165387-00165875 security manager in elasticsearch so one
yv0tjlAc7pA-00743-00165876-00166138 thing that needs to be kept in mind is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00744-00166139-00166337 we have to do some sort of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00745-00166338-00166545 initialization before we can start the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00746-00166546-00166700 security manager right we have to read
yv0tjlAc7pA-00747-00166701-00167070 our configuration files we have to run
yv0tjlAc7pA-00748-00167071-00167283 this native code that I showed earlier
yv0tjlAc7pA-00749-00167284-00167472 on like checking if we're route right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00750-00167473-00167733 these are all system calls which we want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00751-00167734-00167903 to do at the beginning in the bootstrap
yv0tjlAc7pA-00752-00167904-00168084 time but then we don't want to do it
yv0tjlAc7pA-00753-00168085-00168246 anymore or a memory locking we we have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00754-00168247-00168422 to do a native call for memory locking
yv0tjlAc7pA-00755-00168423-00168711 so yeah this is basically what we need
yv0tjlAc7pA-00756-00168712-00168846 to do we need to run the native code
yv0tjlAc7pA-00757-00168847-00169011 first and the solution to this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00758-00169012-00169211 actually pretty simple because you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00759-00169212-00169497 not only start the security manager with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00760-00169498-00169668 an argument on the command line you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00761-00169669-00169862 also start it programmatically in your
yv0tjlAc7pA-00762-00169863-00170010 code and this is exactly what we're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00763-00170011-00170223 doing so you're sort of start with an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00764-00170224-00170378 empty security manager you do all of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00765-00170379-00170579 your fancy bootstrapping work and then
yv0tjlAc7pA-00766-00170580-00170825 you enable the security manager and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00767-00170826-00170978 whole nice part about the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00768-00170979-00171120 manager framework basically is it's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00769-00171121-00171348 super extensible which basically means
yv0tjlAc7pA-00770-00171349-00171587 we run our own special fancy security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00771-00171588-00171716 manager and there's a couple of reasons
yv0tjlAc7pA-00772-00171717-00171924 for that again the default security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00773-00171925-00172136 manager comes from the time when Java
yv0tjlAc7pA-00774-00172137-00172398 applets were enabled which is I don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00775-00172399-00172760 know 15 years ago or something like that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00776-00172761-00173102 so it's it's quite some time and back
yv0tjlAc7pA-00777-00173103-00173162 then
yv0tjlAc7pA-00778-00173163-00173438 for example exiting new VM was a good
yv0tjlAc7pA-00779-00173439-00173499 thing right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00780-00173500-00173729 if you run other people's code and this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00781-00173730-00173760 code
yv0tjlAc7pA-00782-00173761-00174000 is calling system.exit the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00783-00174001-00174165 threat suddenly vanishes it's the best
yv0tjlAc7pA-00784-00174166-00174303 thing that can happen right if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00785-00174304-00174495 process kills itself we don't have to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00786-00174496-00174765 worry about security issues if someone
yv0tjlAc7pA-00787-00174766-00174966 exits elasticsearch in their code and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00788-00174967-00175229 this is the server based process I would
yv0tjlAc7pA-00789-00175230-00175391 be deeply worried so I want to prevent
yv0tjlAc7pA-00790-00175392-00175581 this and this is the reason why we have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00791-00175582-00175758 to have our special security manager for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00792-00175759-00175974 - to prevent this kind of issue
yv0tjlAc7pA-00793-00175975-00176400 and also there's threat pool or threat
yv0tjlAc7pA-00794-00176401-00176661 group security enforced so by default
yv0tjlAc7pA-00795-00176662-00176966 you cannot just add new thread pools and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00796-00176967-00177153 run them you have to have a special
yv0tjlAc7pA-00797-00177154-00177396 permission for this and this is also
yv0tjlAc7pA-00798-00177397-00177594 disabled by default and we really wanted
yv0tjlAc7pA-00799-00177595-00177726 that because we want to have control
yv0tjlAc7pA-00800-00177727-00177870 over the threat pools and how they're
yv0tjlAc7pA-00801-00177871-00178158 run within with an elastic search you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00802-00178159-00178356 can also add your custom permissions and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00803-00178357-00178548 we're gonna see in a second how this how
yv0tjlAc7pA-00804-00178549-00178809 this looks like for example we have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00805-00178810-00178998 special markup permission called special
yv0tjlAc7pA-00806-00178999-00179112 permission you can see we're good with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00807-00179113-00179484 naming and this prevents elevation by
yv0tjlAc7pA-00808-00179485-00179703 scripts so before we execute a script
yv0tjlAc7pA-00809-00179704-00179868 the script is again just another piece
yv0tjlAc7pA-00810-00179869-00180282 of code written by the user we want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00811-00180283-00180399 make sure that this permission has been
yv0tjlAc7pA-00812-00180400-00180564 called otherwise the script won't be
yv0tjlAc7pA-00813-00180565-00180774 executed the whole idea is if someone
yv0tjlAc7pA-00814-00180775-00180885 finds a security problem in our
yv0tjlAc7pA-00815-00180886-00181152 scripting engine he needs to circumvent
yv0tjlAc7pA-00816-00181153-00181403 the security issues this security fence
yv0tjlAc7pA-00817-00181404-00181565 as well which is from our perspective
yv0tjlAc7pA-00818-00181566-00182109 right now of course who found likely the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00819-00182110-00182364 the way that the configuration is loaded
yv0tjlAc7pA-00820-00182365-00182511 is called the policy in the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00821-00182512-00182727 manager and by default the policy is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00822-00182728-00182954 read from a single file but because
yv0tjlAc7pA-00823-00182955-00183150 elasticsearch also needs to take its own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00824-00183151-00183300 configuration into account the llaman
yv0tjlAc7pA-00825-00183301-00183462 configuration file where the data is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00826-00183463-00183779 written where the when the log files are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00827-00183780-00183929 written and so forth we basically have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00828-00183930-00184083 special policy there as well which is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00829-00184084-00184440 called yes policy and there's one last
yv0tjlAc7pA-00830-00184441-00184754 bootstrap check so there's a special
yv0tjlAc7pA-00831-00184755-00184953 permission within all the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00832-00184954-00185133 manager permissions which is called the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00833-00185134-00185337 all permission and it's a great one
yv0tjlAc7pA-00834-00185338-00185453 because the old permission allows
yv0tjlAc7pA-00835-00185454-00185826 everything which is bad right we don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-00836-00185827-00186009 want elasticsearch to be run with this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00837-00186010-00186264 permission so what we do is we have an
yv0tjlAc7pA-00838-00186265-00186450 explicit check on startup like if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00839-00186451-00186627 out of whatever reason enabled the old
yv0tjlAc7pA-00840-00186628-00186882 permission and if you did we exit we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00841-00186883-00187079 don't want to run in an insecure mode
yv0tjlAc7pA-00842-00187080-00187140 like we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00843-00187141-00187326 spend a lot of engineering effort to run
yv0tjlAc7pA-00844-00187327-00187497 in the secure mode so we don't want
yv0tjlAc7pA-00845-00187498-00187752 anyone with a single setting to to not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00846-00187753-00187980 run it which also beers the question
yv0tjlAc7pA-00847-00187981-00188136 like why the hell there's this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00848-00188137-00188304 permission exists like who the hell
yv0tjlAc7pA-00849-00188305-00188421 would want to run with the old
yv0tjlAc7pA-00850-00188422-00188616 permission enabled but the solution for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00851-00188617-00188814 this is actually pretty simple because
yv0tjlAc7pA-00852-00188815-00189000 when you enable the old permission and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00853-00189001-00189141 you enable logging for the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00854-00189142-00189321 manager you can see all the single
yv0tjlAc7pA-00855-00189322-00189492 accesses that the security manager is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00856-00189493-00189675 actually doing which means you get some
yv0tjlAc7pA-00857-00189676-00189906 sort of lock file to be able to enable
yv0tjlAc7pA-00858-00189907-00190056 certain permissions for your own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00859-00190057-00190293 software so for debugging and getting to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00860-00190294-00190491 know this is useful but if you want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00861-00190492-00190644 run something production you never ever
yv0tjlAc7pA-00862-00190645-00191138 want this permission to be applicable
yv0tjlAc7pA-00863-00191139-00191463 alright so this is how we basically edit
yv0tjlAc7pA-00864-00191464-00191667 the security manager and the last two
yv0tjlAc7pA-00865-00191668-00191912 chapters are more about plugins and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00866-00191913-00192423 scripting so plugins again I bet right
yv0tjlAc7pA-00867-00192424-00192654 you you're basically writing a software
yv0tjlAc7pA-00868-00192655-00192846 and then you allowing someone else to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00869-00192847-00193050 run code within that software which from
yv0tjlAc7pA-00870-00193051-00193188 a security perspective something you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00871-00193189-00193353 really don't want to do if you can't try
yv0tjlAc7pA-00872-00193354-00193494 to prevent it and if your customers
yv0tjlAc7pA-00873-00193495-00193683 don't want then don't ever offer plug-in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00874-00193684-00193974 support which for us obviously was not
yv0tjlAc7pA-00875-00193975-00194220 an option one of the reasons why you do
yv0tjlAc7pA-00876-00194221-00194457 want to have plugins is usually that you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00877-00194458-00194643 don't want to spend maintaining all this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00878-00194644-00194814 code that is out there yourself because
yv0tjlAc7pA-00879-00194815-00194910 you don't have the manpower
yv0tjlAc7pA-00880-00194911-00195087 but if they're users who need a certain
yv0tjlAc7pA-00881-00195088-00195234 feature they still have the ability to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00882-00195235-00195402 write their own plugin and extend the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00883-00195403-00195708 existing functionality so this is one of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00884-00195709-00195906 the core reasons of allowing plugins and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00885-00195907-00196056 plugins and elasticsearch are basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-00886-00196057-00196332 just zip files and the interesting part
yv0tjlAc7pA-00887-00196333-00196536 with inelastic searches that each
yv0tjlAc7pA-00888-00196537-00196770 plug-in can have its own jars and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00889-00196771-00196995 dependencies this also means that each
yv0tjlAc7pA-00890-00196996-00197178 plugin if you have two plugins and one
yv0tjlAc7pA-00891-00197179-00197406 has dependency a in version one and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00892-00197407-00197550 other one has dependency a in version
yv0tjlAc7pA-00893-00197551-00197795 two it's fine there's no clashing with a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00894-00197796-00198024 we're loading those dependencies why
yv0tjlAc7pA-00895-00198025-00198243 because each plugin is loaded with its
yv0tjlAc7pA-00896-00198244-00198477 own class loader you may know this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00897-00198478-00198666 functionality from I don't know Tomcat
yv0tjlAc7pA-00898-00198667-00198900 or any other web container where you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00899-00198901-00199152 also just deploy to web archives with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00900-00199153-00199287 different dependencies and they just
yv0tjlAc7pA-00901-00199288-00199617 work as expected the other interesting
yv0tjlAc7pA-00902-00199618-00199818 part is that each plug-in can also have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00903-00199819-00200055 its own security permission and this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00904-00200056-00200319 super super important for example we
yv0tjlAc7pA-00905-00200320-00200501 have a mustache module
yv0tjlAc7pA-00906-00200502-00200681 I can talk about that in a second world
yv0tjlAc7pA-00907-00200682-00200927 modulus and this masters plugin allows
yv0tjlAc7pA-00908-00200928-00201182 you to use the masters templating
yv0tjlAc7pA-00909-00201183-00201308 language in certain parts of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00910-00201309-00201659 elasticsearch masters means you need
yv0tjlAc7pA-00911-00201660-00201920 reflection right this is how usually
yv0tjlAc7pA-00912-00201921-00202109 templating languages work they take a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00913-00202110-00202292 look at a Java object and then they take
yv0tjlAc7pA-00914-00202293-00202424 a look at getters and setters and these
yv0tjlAc7pA-00915-00202425-00202733 kind of thing or if it's a map there's
yv0tjlAc7pA-00916-00202734-00202970 special ways of accessing the map so you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00917-00202971-00203168 have to use reflection to introspect
yv0tjlAc7pA-00918-00203169-00203609 this object but if we allow reflection
yv0tjlAc7pA-00919-00203610-00203750 which I said at the beginning is super
yv0tjlAc7pA-00920-00203751-00203888 super bad you don't want to allow
yv0tjlAc7pA-00921-00203889-00204053 reflection all over your codebase you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00922-00204054-00204200 only want to allow reflection for
yv0tjlAc7pA-00923-00204201-00204464 masters and this is exactly what we can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00924-00204465-00204662 do by having an own class loader with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00925-00204663-00204887 own security permissions so if you try
yv0tjlAc7pA-00926-00204888-00205079 to use any reflection feature outside of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00927-00205080-00205208 the Masters codebase with an elastic
yv0tjlAc7pA-00928-00205209-00205352 search you're gonna get a security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00929-00205353-00205709 exception and we are basically using
yv0tjlAc7pA-00930-00205710-00205946 this this thing heavily ourselves if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-00931-00205946-00206108 start up elasticsearch you usually get a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00932-00206109-00206375 list of modules loaded and modules are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00933-00206376-00206563 basically plugins that ship with elastic
yv0tjlAc7pA-00934-00206564-00206746 search by default but they are able to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00935-00206748-00206954 use the same mechanism because each of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00936-00206955-00207101 those modules is loaded with its own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00937-00207102-00207230 class loader and with its own security
yv0tjlAc7pA-00938-00207231-00207463 permissions so it's really helping us a
yv0tjlAc7pA-00939-00207464-00207962 lot which brings us back to what are
yv0tjlAc7pA-00940-00207963-00208208 these kind of permissions so I just have
yv0tjlAc7pA-00941-00208209-00208454 a couple of sample permissions here this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00942-00208455-00208669 is the exact permission that you need
yv0tjlAc7pA-00943-00208671-00208873 for masters it allows you to do
yv0tjlAc7pA-00944-00208873-00209194 reflection as you can see if someone was
yv0tjlAc7pA-00945-00209196-00209330 apparently not a big fan of adding this
yv0tjlAc7pA-00946-00209331-00209746 kind of permission and this is the the
yv0tjlAc7pA-00947-00209748-00209858 configuration file we shipped with
yv0tjlAc7pA-00948-00209859-00210125 masters the interesting part is you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-00949-00210126-00210263 also define your own permissions I
yv0tjlAc7pA-00950-00210264-00210421 talked about that briefly for example in
yv0tjlAc7pA-00951-00210423-00210656 this example there's another script
yv0tjlAc7pA-00952-00210657-00210692 engine
yv0tjlAc7pA-00953-00210692-00210884 it's called expression it comes from
yv0tjlAc7pA-00954-00210885-00211144 Lucene and the script is the script
yv0tjlAc7pA-00955-00211146-00211286 engine is basically really nice that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00956-00211287-00211436 here you can write your own scoring
yv0tjlAc7pA-00957-00211437-00211783 formula and the scoring formula is
yv0tjlAc7pA-00958-00211784-00212012 translated into Java bytecode and then
yv0tjlAc7pA-00959-00212013-00212186 run which makes it as fast as native
yv0tjlAc7pA-00960-00212187-00212467 code at the end the thing is however if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00961-00212469-00212666 you have a mechanism that creates its
yv0tjlAc7pA-00962-00212667-00212804 own bytecode you also need your own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00963-00212805-00213014 class loader which is why we have to add
yv0tjlAc7pA-00964-00213015-00213221 the create class order permission what
yv0tjlAc7pA-00965-00213221-00213373 we don't want to do is that someone
yv0tjlAc7pA-00966-00213375-00213614 writing a script can just create and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00967-00213615-00213815 instantiate arbitrary objects arbitrary
yv0tjlAc7pA-00968-00213816-00213887 classes
yv0tjlAc7pA-00969-00213888-00214061 so we have a class permission there
yv0tjlAc7pA-00970-00214062-00214262 which has a really fine grained list of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00971-00214263-00214484 things that you can do when writing your
yv0tjlAc7pA-00972-00214485-00214601 own code or when writing your own
yv0tjlAc7pA-00973-00214602-00214802 scoring script in there so for example
yv0tjlAc7pA-00974-00214803-00214996 you can use the java.lang math class if
yv0tjlAc7pA-00975-00214998-00215191 you want to round or anything like that
yv0tjlAc7pA-00976-00215192-00215450 or the sloppy math class which is has
yv0tjlAc7pA-00977-00215451-00215705 fun rolling faster rounding methods but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00978-00215706-00215842 you cannot instantiate a new
yv0tjlAc7pA-00979-00215844-00216041 elasticsearch node within the code or
yv0tjlAc7pA-00980-00216042-00216242 whatever have you and this is super
yv0tjlAc7pA-00981-00216242-00216596 super important to us you can also go
yv0tjlAc7pA-00982-00216596-00216713 step further with these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00983-00216714-00216887 permissions and you can also grant them
yv0tjlAc7pA-00984-00216888-00217181 for certain dependencies so this is from
yv0tjlAc7pA-00985-00217182-00217529 our build and while this file when when
yv0tjlAc7pA-00986-00217530-00217685 we create a build this file gets changed
yv0tjlAc7pA-00987-00217686-00217877 so that the codebase Neddie common at
yv0tjlAc7pA-00988-00217878-00218075 the top gets replaced with the name of
yv0tjlAc7pA-00989-00218076-00218282 the neti jar the nerdy common jar and
yv0tjlAc7pA-00990-00218283-00218567 its version and this basically only
yv0tjlAc7pA-00991-00218567-00218869 allows the neti jar in our code base to
yv0tjlAc7pA-00992-00218871-00219260 access this proc file so if anyone else
yv0tjlAc7pA-00993-00219261-00219482 within the code base within our core
yv0tjlAc7pA-00994-00219483-00219689 within a plugin tries to open this file
yv0tjlAc7pA-00995-00219690-00219866 it's gonna be a security exception but
yv0tjlAc7pA-00996-00219867-00219983 Nettie is allowed to do it because
yv0tjlAc7pA-00997-00219984-00220223 Nettie spills a 10 page long exception
yv0tjlAc7pA-00998-00220223-00220541 if it can read this file it looks same
yv0tjlAc7pA-00999-00220542-00220748 for the permission only the Nettie code
yv0tjlAc7pA-01000-00220748-00220964 is basically allowed to create network
yv0tjlAc7pA-01001-00220965-00221207 sockets and listen to them write only in
yv0tjlAc7pA-01002-00221208-00221489 any code can create or can listen on the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01003-00221490-00221644 network and this is really really nice
yv0tjlAc7pA-01004-00221646-00221804 so we don't have to roaring anything
yv0tjlAc7pA-01005-00221805-00222005 else of our code base that someone spins
yv0tjlAc7pA-01006-00222006-00222254 up a spins up a piece of code that
yv0tjlAc7pA-01007-00222255-00222614 listens on the network and you can go
yv0tjlAc7pA-01008-00222615-00222803 even further if you want and only give
yv0tjlAc7pA-01009-00222804-00222977 permissions to dependencies which have
yv0tjlAc7pA-01010-00222978-00223181 been cryptographically signed so the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01011-00223182-00223355 security man she allows far more than
yv0tjlAc7pA-01012-00223356-00223490 I've been talking about this is really
yv0tjlAc7pA-01013-00223491-00223751 just the surface but it's already a lot
yv0tjlAc7pA-01014-00223752-00224141 from from our perspective so yeah that's
yv0tjlAc7pA-01015-00224142-00224429 the that's the sample permissions the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01016-00224430-00224591 last part is the the painless part
yv0tjlAc7pA-01017-00224592-00224756 painless is our scripting language for
yv0tjlAc7pA-01018-00224757-00225053 elasticsearch which usually brings us to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01019-00225054-00225248 the why and how we need scripting I
yv0tjlAc7pA-01020-00225248-00225530 think scripting is just another kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01021-00225531-00225823 plugin if you want so for example
yv0tjlAc7pA-01022-00225823-00226031 elasticsearch has the functionality
yv0tjlAc7pA-01023-00226032-00226232 called node ingest no dangerous allows
yv0tjlAc7pA-01024-00226233-00226409 you to modify the jason before it gets
yv0tjlAc7pA-01025-00226410-00226556 indexed and imagine you have a document
yv0tjlAc7pA-01026-00226557-00226727 which has a bytes in and a bytes out
yv0tjlAc7pA-01027-00226728-00226976 field a natural thing you want to have
yv0tjlAc7pA-01028-00226977-00227159 is a bytes total field so you can do for
yv0tjlAc7pA-01029-00227160-00227291 the calculations with these
yv0tjlAc7pA-01030-00227292-00227602 with this value so you could write your
yv0tjlAc7pA-01031-00227603-00227803 own plugin and just add those two fields
yv0tjlAc7pA-01032-00227804-00227996 but of course this is super inflexible
yv0tjlAc7pA-01033-00227996-00228106 and you would have to maintain the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01034-00228107-00228322 plug-in until eternity well you can just
yv0tjlAc7pA-01035-00228323-00228491 write a piece of script which accesses
yv0tjlAc7pA-01036-00228492-00228625 those two fields sums them together
yv0tjlAc7pA-01037-00228626-00228850 store them in a new field and this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-01038-00228851-00228976 basically what you can do with scripting
yv0tjlAc7pA-01039-00228977-00229183 right you can just basically write some
yv0tjlAc7pA-01040-00229184-00229394 code but it's much shorter than if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01041-00229394-00229522 would need to need to write an
yv0tjlAc7pA-01042-00229523-00229763 elasticsearch plugin and scripting asana
yv0tjlAc7pA-01043-00229764-00229957 at a ton of different stages within
yv0tjlAc7pA-01044-00229958-00230146 elasticsearch so we make heavy usage of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01045-00230148-00230476 that also scripting has been an elastic
yv0tjlAc7pA-01046-00230477-00230690 search for ever when I started with
yv0tjlAc7pA-01047-00230691-00230929 elastic search I don't know 2010 or
yv0tjlAc7pA-01048-00230930-00231290 something I'm a former company there was
yv0tjlAc7pA-01049-00231291-00231446 already scripting and I could do fancy
yv0tjlAc7pA-01050-00231446-00231607 things with this like custom scoring
yv0tjlAc7pA-01051-00231608-00231754 stuff like that and the scripting back
yv0tjlAc7pA-01052-00231755-00232099 then used was envel I'm not sure what
yv0tjlAc7pA-01053-00232100-00232255 the MV actually stands for Els
yv0tjlAc7pA-01054-00232256-00232396 expression language it kind of looks
yv0tjlAc7pA-01055-00232398-00232702 like a horrible mix between JSF and JSP
yv0tjlAc7pA-01056-00232703-00232913 scripting so it's it's not what you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01057-00232914-00233144 really would like to do but it did the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01058-00233144-00233425 job but M will turned out to not really
yv0tjlAc7pA-01059-00233426-00233698 be maintained anymore and was not really
yv0tjlAc7pA-01060-00233699-00233824 fast either so we looked for an
yv0tjlAc7pA-01061-00233825-00233950 alternative and we figured out oh
yv0tjlAc7pA-01062-00233951-00234235 there's groovy and groovy was a was a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01063-00234236-00234521 good choice actually right groovy
yv0tjlAc7pA-01064-00234521-00234692 supported white listing and black
yv0tjlAc7pA-01065-00234692-00234853 listing already back then groovy had a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01066-00234854-00235064 sandbox where the code was executed in
yv0tjlAc7pA-01067-00235065-00235474 so I had a couple of advantages and yeah
yv0tjlAc7pA-01068-00235475-00235585 at some point we got an email from
yv0tjlAc7pA-01069-00235586-00235865 someone at a big u.s. corporation and he
yv0tjlAc7pA-01070-00235866-00236017 was like if I do this and this and this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01071-00236019-00236197 and this I can execute arbitrary code
yv0tjlAc7pA-01072-00236198-00236383 and elasticsearch and he jumped through
yv0tjlAc7pA-01073-00236384-00236632 several hoops in groovy like escaping
yv0tjlAc7pA-01074-00236633-00236990 the sandbox and yeah we we reproduce it
yv0tjlAc7pA-01075-00236991-00237221 and we were like well yeah okay so the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01076-00237221-00237392 sandbox is not what we thought it is and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01077-00237392-00237610 we talked to the groovy people and they
yv0tjlAc7pA-01078-00237611-00237730 said yeah that's not back that's a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01079-00237731-00238144 feature and from their perspective I it
yv0tjlAc7pA-01080-00238146-00238381 was actually ok but this basically meant
yv0tjlAc7pA-01081-00238382-00238571 we had to close 13 things within
yv0tjlAc7pA-01082-00238571-00239047 elasticsearch and this means it's super
yv0tjlAc7pA-01083-00239048-00239209 hard to take an existing programming
yv0tjlAc7pA-01084-00239210-00239383 language like groovy and make it secure
yv0tjlAc7pA-01085-00239384-00239489 because you're always playing
yv0tjlAc7pA-01086-00239490-00239650 whack-a-mole right there's a new
yv0tjlAc7pA-01087-00239651-00239776 security hole you've got to fix it
yv0tjlAc7pA-01088-00239777-00239899 there's another security hole you got to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01089-00239900-00240160 fix it and this this is not a game we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01090-00240161-00240362 wanted to play and it also means you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01091-00240363-00240515 will never be faster than groovy right
yv0tjlAc7pA-01092-00240516-00240692 because you add so much like
yv0tjlAc7pA-01093-00240694-00241035 celebration code around it it's hard to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01094-00241036-00241287 remain fast at all so we kind of figured
yv0tjlAc7pA-01095-00241288-00241469 okay what if we write our own scripting
yv0tjlAc7pA-01096-00241471-00241721 language that supports sandboxing
yv0tjlAc7pA-01097-00241723-00241896 out-of-the-box that supports white
yv0tjlAc7pA-01098-00241896-00242058 listing of a black listing so you have
yv0tjlAc7pA-01099-00242059-00242334 to explicitly allow methods and this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01100-00242335-00242610 also works per method the groovy white
yv0tjlAc7pA-01101-00242611-00242775 listing back then only worked pack class
yv0tjlAc7pA-01102-00242776-00242998 and this mean if there was a class that
yv0tjlAc7pA-01103-00243000-00243242 with a method that ate up a lot of CPU
yv0tjlAc7pA-01104-00243244-00243525 there was not much you could do we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01105-00243526-00243692 wanted the user to opt into regular
yv0tjlAc7pA-01106-00243694-00243867 expressions because regular expressions
yv0tjlAc7pA-01107-00243867-00244059 is usually a really safe way to block a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01108-00244060-00244233 whole CPU doing something if you write
yv0tjlAc7pA-01109-00244234-00244542 the write regular expression and because
yv0tjlAc7pA-01110-00244542-00244707 you control the execution environment
yv0tjlAc7pA-01111-00244708-00244844 you can suddenly do really really nice
yv0tjlAc7pA-01112-00244846-00245064 things for example you can prevent
yv0tjlAc7pA-01113-00245065-00245421 endless loops like what what if someone
yv0tjlAc7pA-01114-00245421-00245577 has a scripting languages and execute
yv0tjlAc7pA-01115-00245578-00245744 code in your codebase and he finds a way
yv0tjlAc7pA-01116-00245746-00245937 to execute while true there's always
yv0tjlAc7pA-01117-00245938-00246180 going to be one CPU blocked and that was
yv0tjlAc7pA-01118-00246181-00246339 something we really did not want and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01119-00246340-00246569 what we basically did here is because we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01120-00246571-00246723 control the execution environment we can
yv0tjlAc7pA-01121-00246723-00246869 just count the number of loops we've
yv0tjlAc7pA-01122-00246871-00247080 been executing and if it exceeds 10,000
yv0tjlAc7pA-01123-00247081-00247278 we access the script right and this is
yv0tjlAc7pA-01124-00247279-00247431 all things you can do if you control the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01125-00247432-00247716 sandbox the other funny part is
yv0tjlAc7pA-01126-00247717-00248055 detecting self references if a user
yv0tjlAc7pA-01127-00248056-00248342 finds a way to create two maps and the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01128-00248344-00248655 value of one map points to the other and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01129-00248656-00248894 vice versa for the other map and then
yv0tjlAc7pA-01130-00248896-00249108 you call to string on this map you end
yv0tjlAc7pA-01131-00249109-00249309 up with a stack overflow the JVM exits
yv0tjlAc7pA-01132-00249310-00249534 now this is something you don't want to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01133-00249535-00249815 have in your scripting engine right so
yv0tjlAc7pA-01134-00249816-00250071 this is also things we we can just do
yv0tjlAc7pA-01135-00250071-00250290 try to prevent and see what happens and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01136-00250291-00250523 this is also what we did and these are
yv0tjlAc7pA-01137-00250525-00250680 all things if you offer these kind of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01138-00250681-00250875 scripting languages for your customers
yv0tjlAc7pA-01139-00250876-00251246 like you have to audit a lot of things
yv0tjlAc7pA-01140-00251248-00251412 you have to think about every possible
yv0tjlAc7pA-01141-00251413-00251621 way of abusing it like be it regular
yv0tjlAc7pA-01142-00251623-00251883 expressions loops elf references and all
yv0tjlAc7pA-01143-00251884-00252027 the other fancy things you can do like
yv0tjlAc7pA-01144-00252028-00252348 making sure the user cannot create
yv0tjlAc7pA-01145-00252348-00252630 arbitrary objects right or just building
yv0tjlAc7pA-01146-00252631-00252807 a string builder with lengths of 1
yv0tjlAc7pA-01147-00252808-00252939 million characters or something like
yv0tjlAc7pA-01148-00252940-00253196 that so it's it's hard and if you don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-01149-00253198-00253779 have to please don't do it all right so
yv0tjlAc7pA-01150-00253780-00254048 we're gonna get to the summary summary
yv0tjlAc7pA-01151-00254050-00254246 a really good job in summary some I'm
yv0tjlAc7pA-01152-00254248-00254517 just trolling here it's great so not
yv0tjlAc7pA-01153-00254517-00254667 using this here dementia what's your
yv0tjlAc7pA-01154-00254667-00254775 Excuse
yv0tjlAc7pA-01155-00254776-00254991 I have a really simple one it took us a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01156-00254992-00255201 lot of time to implement this with a lot
yv0tjlAc7pA-01157-00255202-00255480 of people I don't know if any other
yv0tjlAc7pA-01158-00255481-00255692 bigger open source project using the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01159-00255694-00255861 security manager by default and I think
yv0tjlAc7pA-01160-00255862-00256107 this is the reason I think we we spend
yv0tjlAc7pA-01161-00256108-00256392 easily half year or three-quarters of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01162-00256392-00256560 the year adding this implementing this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01163-00256561-00256806 and when we edit this first we also had
yv0tjlAc7pA-01164-00256807-00256917 an option to disable the security
yv0tjlAc7pA-01165-00256917-00257103 manager to make sure like everything was
yv0tjlAc7pA-01166-00257104-00257328 still running its expected which is now
yv0tjlAc7pA-01167-00257329-00257505 removed nowadays so you cannot disable
yv0tjlAc7pA-01168-00257506-00257628 the security manager and running
yv0tjlAc7pA-01169-00257629-00257996 elasticsearch but it's that's usually
yv0tjlAc7pA-01170-00257998-00258167 the excuse like you really have to know
yv0tjlAc7pA-01171-00258169-00258321 your software you really really have to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01172-00258321-00258540 know your dependencies you really have
yv0tjlAc7pA-01173-00258541-00258741 to be able to deal with all the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01174-00258742-00258917 permissions that you have to allow if
yv0tjlAc7pA-01175-00258919-00259073 you just allow everything and then you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01176-00259075-00259248 claim your you have the security mention
yv0tjlAc7pA-01177-00259248-00259488 enable you didn't gain anything right so
yv0tjlAc7pA-01178-00259489-00259662 like you have to adapt your whole model
yv0tjlAc7pA-01179-00259663-00259809 around the security manager to make this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01180-00259810-00260219 work same for scripting if you don't
yv0tjlAc7pA-01181-00260221-00260376 have to offer scripting in your product
yv0tjlAc7pA-01182-00260377-00260652 just don't it's pretty simple if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01183-00260653-00260940 have to get it audited by someone
yv0tjlAc7pA-01184-00260941-00261201 external I think that's a really good
yv0tjlAc7pA-01185-00261202-00261598 thing to do please don't reimplemented
yv0tjlAc7pA-01186-00261600-00261813 feature in your own code if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01187-00261814-00262041 operating system already offers a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01188-00262042-00262242 feature like I think seccomp is a prime
yv0tjlAc7pA-01189-00262243-00262524 example my sometimes the really fancy
yv0tjlAc7pA-01190-00262525-00262788 code of people in Java trying to prevent
yv0tjlAc7pA-01191-00262789-00263049 like runtime get exact what ever and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01192-00263050-00263340 they find a ton of ways of shielding
yv0tjlAc7pA-01193-00263341-00263613 this but if you can just throw away your
yv0tjlAc7pA-01194-00263614-00263799 code because you can just configure the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01195-00263800-00264003 operating system to let the job be done
yv0tjlAc7pA-01196-00264004-00264213 like go ahead like seccomp has been
yv0tjlAc7pA-01197-00264214-00264339 there for years it's been battle tested
yv0tjlAc7pA-01198-00264340-00264603 it's been proven compared to the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01199-00264604-00264774 implementation you've wrote and there's
yv0tjlAc7pA-01200-00264775-00264939 always someone smarter than you when you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01201-00264940-00265104 add a security solution who is gonna to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01202-00265105-00265416 like out score it so if you can use
yv0tjlAc7pA-01203-00265417-00265566 operating system features same for the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01204-00265567-00265824 memory locking stuff right if you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-01205-00265825-00265971 just tell the operating system to never
yv0tjlAc7pA-01206-00265972-00266142 swap out you don't have to add any code
yv0tjlAc7pA-01207-00266143-00266271 in your own application to check for
yv0tjlAc7pA-01208-00266272-00266862 this if you don't need plugins help
yv0tjlAc7pA-01209-00266863-00267093 don't let plugins write plugins is a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01210-00267094-00267401 hassle to maintain clients is a hassle
yv0tjlAc7pA-01211-00267402-00267668 aha to be kept backwards-compatible
yv0tjlAc7pA-01212-00267669-00267959 right for example in elasticsearch we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01213-00267960-00268268 force every plugin author to have a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01214-00268269-00268472 plugin release for every patch release
yv0tjlAc7pA-01215-00268473-00268682 that we have we have to check on startup
yv0tjlAc7pA-01216-00268683-00268946 if your plugin is for if the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01217-00268947-00269078 elasticsearch version is seven one one
yv0tjlAc7pA-01218-00269079-00269240 and your plugins for seven one zero
yv0tjlAc7pA-01219-00269241-00269399 we're not going to start with this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01220-00269400-00269699 plugin we so we put a lot of work on the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01221-00269700-00269831 plugin authors to make sure that
yv0tjlAc7pA-01222-00269832-00270086 everything works as we expect right
yv0tjlAc7pA-01223-00270087-00270398 and this means maintaining plugins is it
yv0tjlAc7pA-01224-00270399-00270536 would have worked and you should
yv0tjlAc7pA-01225-00270537-00270737 probably keep that in mind if you like
yv0tjlAc7pA-01226-00270738-00270929 you and your platform open up for
yv0tjlAc7pA-01227-00270930-00271448 plugins yeah this is the last one I can
yv0tjlAc7pA-01228-00271449-00271670 quickly talk about that I don't think we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01229-00271671-00271865 have any any further time for my bonus
yv0tjlAc7pA-01230-00271866-00272189 slides but sometimes you have to remove
yv0tjlAc7pA-01231-00272190-00272525 features it's for example out of safety
yv0tjlAc7pA-01232-00272526-00272744 reasons so elasticsearch in earlier
yv0tjlAc7pA-01233-00272745-00272945 versions one point something I had a
yv0tjlAc7pA-01234-00272946-00273155 feature called delete by query where you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01235-00273156-00273343 could just specify query and all
yv0tjlAc7pA-01236-00273344-00273536 documents matching this query got
yv0tjlAc7pA-01237-00273537-00273817 deleted the way it was executed
yv0tjlAc7pA-01238-00273818-00274184 basically on each notes or on each nodes
yv0tjlAc7pA-01239-00274185-00274403 on each of the data in separate could
yv0tjlAc7pA-01240-00274404-00274574 mean that under certain circumstances
yv0tjlAc7pA-01241-00274575-00274751 why this execution was running why
yv0tjlAc7pA-01242-00274752-00274994 someone added those documents back that
yv0tjlAc7pA-01243-00274995-00275264 the shots so the data and the copies of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01244-00275265-00275414 the data we were running out of sync so
yv0tjlAc7pA-01245-00275415-00275675 you ended up with different documents in
yv0tjlAc7pA-01246-00275676-00275864 your in your data and this is something
yv0tjlAc7pA-01247-00275865-00276059 where elasticsearch baiting wants to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01248-00276060-00276263 give a guarantee for that the data and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01249-00276264-00276440 the copy of data is always containing
yv0tjlAc7pA-01250-00276441-00276713 the same and this guarantee was not
yv0tjlAc7pA-01251-00276714-00276857 given so the first thing we basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-01252-00276858-00277079 did was removing delete back very and
yv0tjlAc7pA-01253-00277080-00277226 then we've rolled up an extensive
yv0tjlAc7pA-01254-00277227-00277424 documentation like instead of just
yv0tjlAc7pA-01255-00277425-00277765 running this API in point we urge you to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01256-00277766-00277991 to call something or execute something
yv0tjlAc7pA-01257-00277992-00278135 called a scroll search where you can
yv0tjlAc7pA-01258-00278136-00278255 basically go through each of your data
yv0tjlAc7pA-01259-00278256-00278447 and then send back requests in order to
yv0tjlAc7pA-01260-00278448-00278792 delete it and of course we got a lot of
yv0tjlAc7pA-01261-00278793-00278948 backlash like why did you delete this
yv0tjlAc7pA-01262-00278949-00279230 awesome feature and it took us another
yv0tjlAc7pA-01263-00279231-00279440 major version of elasticsearch to first
yv0tjlAc7pA-01264-00279441-00279650 add the required infrastructure running
yv0tjlAc7pA-01265-00279651-00279857 something for a long time in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01266-00279858-00279989 background there's the so called
yv0tjlAc7pA-01267-00279990-00280151 long-running task or tasks within
yv0tjlAc7pA-01268-00280152-00280310 elasticsearch where you could basically
yv0tjlAc7pA-01269-00280311-00280556 reduce the these kind of things and then
yv0tjlAc7pA-01270-00280557-00280787 on top of this api wery implemented
yv0tjlAc7pA-01271-00280788-00281000 what we had before doing the exact same
yv0tjlAc7pA-01272-00281001-00281141 thing that we outlined in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01273-00281142-00281291 documentation like running a scroll
yv0tjlAc7pA-01274-00281292-00281453 search and bug deleting the documents
yv0tjlAc7pA-01275-00281454-00281783 and this proved to be fast and stable
yv0tjlAc7pA-01276-00281784-00281927 again and be able to run in the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01277-00281928-00282179 background of elasticsearch so we we had
yv0tjlAc7pA-01278-00282180-00282404 everything but at some point if you have
yv0tjlAc7pA-01279-00282405-00282551 this kind of features and you detect
yv0tjlAc7pA-01280-00282552-00282764 that they're not working as you intended
yv0tjlAc7pA-01281-00282765-00282935 to be it might be fine to just remove
yv0tjlAc7pA-01282-00282936-00283109 the feature first and then think about
yv0tjlAc7pA-01283-00283110-00283322 it how you can basically edit back as
yv0tjlAc7pA-01284-00283323-00283541 long as you have a workaround even if
yv0tjlAc7pA-01285-00283542-00283937 it's more work for the client all right
yv0tjlAc7pA-01286-00283938-00284240 um I have a couple of Link's here if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01287-00284241-00284579 want to read about that but I'm not sure
yv0tjlAc7pA-01288-00284580-00284798 if we have time for questions maybe one
yv0tjlAc7pA-01289-00284799-00285077 or two if you have further questions I'm
yv0tjlAc7pA-01290-00285078-00285281 gonna be around all day during lunch
yv0tjlAc7pA-01291-00285282-00285611 whatever thanks for listening and if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01292-00285612-00286753 have questions we chant first one yes
yv0tjlAc7pA-01293-00286754-00286946 it's it's a bit different in the code
yv0tjlAc7pA-01294-00286947-00287135 base but the the architecture wise it
yv0tjlAc7pA-01295-00287136-00287390 basically is because of having dedicated
yv0tjlAc7pA-01296-00287391-00288200 permissions per plugin all right
yv0tjlAc7pA-01297-00288201-00288446 lunch time it seems two questions two
yv0tjlAc7pA-01298-00288447-00289577 and a half yes yes you can it's if you
yv0tjlAc7pA-01299-00289578-00289697 check out the elasticsearch sauce
yv0tjlAc7pA-01300-00289698-00289835 there's a modules directory in there
yv0tjlAc7pA-01301-00289836-00289970 some lang pain that's directly inside
yv0tjlAc7pA-01302-00289971-00290108 and this is all you need
yv0tjlAc7pA-01303-00290109-00290330 it's basically its main dependencies
yv0tjlAc7pA-01304-00290331-00290543 aren't LR for the parsing of the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01305-00290544-00293181 language and all of it is open source
yv0tjlAc7pA-01306-00293182-00293470 mainly because we don't do any network
yv0tjlAc7pA-01307-00293471-00293710 connections up until there everything is
yv0tjlAc7pA-01308-00293711-00293902 completely local before we do anything
yv0tjlAc7pA-01309-00293903-00294070 around the network of forming a dispute
yv0tjlAc7pA-01310-00294071-00294484 system we basically run all the code we
yv0tjlAc7pA-01311-00294485-00294676 need of course there's always the danger
yv0tjlAc7pA-01312-00294677-00294865 that you could do something bad or
yv0tjlAc7pA-01313-00294866-00295126 stupid in there but the user cannot
yv0tjlAc7pA-01314-00295127-00295381 interact with the process until the
yv0tjlAc7pA-01315-00295382-00295846 security manager has enabled answers
yv0tjlAc7pA-01316-00295847-00296242 your question you will discuss with me I
yv0tjlAc7pA-01317-00296243-00296735 appreciate that right for the questions
yv0tjlAc7pA-01318-00296736-00297296 [Applause]
yyoLx_kGHRE-00000-00000051-00000356 a computer mouse is a handheld pointing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00001-00000357-00000578 device that detects two-dimensional
yyoLx_kGHRE-00002-00000579-00000938 motion relative to a surface this motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00003-00000939-00001169 is typically translated into the motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00004-00001170-00001349 of a pointer on the display which allows
yyoLx_kGHRE-00005-00001350-00001583 a smooth control of the graphical user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00006-00001584-00001882 interface the first public demonstration
yyoLx_kGHRE-00007-00001884-00002207 of a mouse controlling a computer system
yyoLx_kGHRE-00008-00002208-00002588 was in 1968 originally wired to a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00009-00002589-00002666 computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00010-00002667-00002909 many modern mice are cordless relying on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00011-00002910-00003155 short-range radio communication with the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00012-00003156-00003496 connected system mice originally used a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00013-00003497-00003695 ball rolling on a surface to detect
yyoLx_kGHRE-00014-00003696-00003902 motion but modern mice often have
yyoLx_kGHRE-00015-00003903-00004100 optical sensors that have no moving
yyoLx_kGHRE-00016-00004101-00004423 parts in addition to moving a cursor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00017-00004424-00004684 computer mice have one or more buttons
yyoLx_kGHRE-00018-00004685-00004936 to allow operations such as selection of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00019-00004937-00005287 a menu item on a display mice often also
yyoLx_kGHRE-00020-00005288-00005518 feature other elements such as touch
yyoLx_kGHRE-00021-00005519-00005866 surfaces and wheels which enable
yyoLx_kGHRE-00022-00005867-00006619 additional control and dimensional input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00023-00006620-00007155 topic naming
yyoLx_kGHRE-00024-00007156-00007406 the earliest known publication of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00025-00007408-00007631 term Mouse is referring to a computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00026-00007633-00007909 pointing devices in bill English's July
yyoLx_kGHRE-00027-00007911-00008316 1965 publication computer aided display
yyoLx_kGHRE-00028-00008317-00008613 control likely originating from its
yyoLx_kGHRE-00029-00008614-00008829 resemblance to the shape and size of a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00030-00008830-00009078 mouse a rodent with the cord resembling
yyoLx_kGHRE-00031-00009079-00009315 its tail the plural for the small rodent
yyoLx_kGHRE-00032-00009316-00009726 is always mice in modern usage the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00033-00009727-00010112 plural of a computer Mouse's Mouse's and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00034-00010113-00010496 mice according to most dictionaries but
yyoLx_kGHRE-00035-00010497-00010887 mice being more common the first
yyoLx_kGHRE-00036-00010888-00011310 recorded plural usage is mice the online
yyoLx_kGHRE-00037-00011311-00011610 oxford dictionaries sites in 1984 use
yyoLx_kGHRE-00038-00011611-00011859 and earlier uses include JCR Licklider
yyoLx_kGHRE-00039-00011860-00012201 x' their computer as a communication
yyoLx_kGHRE-00040-00012202-00012713 device of 1968 the term computer Mouse's
yyoLx_kGHRE-00041-00012714-00012935 may be used informally in some cases
yyoLx_kGHRE-00042-00012936-00013230 although the plural of mouse small
yyoLx_kGHRE-00043-00013231-00013469 rodent is mice the two words have
yyoLx_kGHRE-00044-00013470-00013656 undergone a differentiation through
yyoLx_kGHRE-00045-00013657-00014255 usage
yyoLx_kGHRE-00046-00014256-00014994 topic history the trackball a related
yyoLx_kGHRE-00047-00014994-00015336 pointing device was invented in 1946 by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00048-00015337-00015561 Ralph Benjamin as part of a post-world
yyoLx_kGHRE-00049-00015562-00015825 War two ERA fire-control radar plotting
yyoLx_kGHRE-00050-00015826-00016044 system called comprehensive display
yyoLx_kGHRE-00051-00016044-00016442 system CDs Benjamin was then working for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00052-00016443-00016647 the British Royal Navy scientific
yyoLx_kGHRE-00053-00016648-00016958 service Benjamin's project used analog
yyoLx_kGHRE-00054-00016959-00017150 computers to calculate the future
yyoLx_kGHRE-00055-00017151-00017387 position of target aircraft based on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00056-00017388-00017642 several initial input points provided by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00057-00017643-00017836 a user with a joystick
yyoLx_kGHRE-00058-00017837-00018122 Benjamin felt that a more elegant input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00059-00018123-00018339 device was needed and invented what they
yyoLx_kGHRE-00060-00018340-00018665 called her rollerball for this purpose
yyoLx_kGHRE-00061-00018666-00019022 the device was patented in 1947 but only
yyoLx_kGHRE-00062-00019023-00019253 a prototype using a metal ball rolling
yyoLx_kGHRE-00063-00019254-00019446 on to rubber coated wheels was ever
yyoLx_kGHRE-00064-00019447-00019634 built and the device was kept as a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00065-00019635-00019880 military secret another early trackball
yyoLx_kGHRE-00066-00019881-00020103 was built by British electrical engineer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00067-00020104-00020336 Kenyon Taylor in collaboration with Tom
yyoLx_kGHRE-00068-00020337-00020555 Cranston and Fred Longstaff
yyoLx_kGHRE-00069-00020556-00020843 Taylor was part of the original Ferranti
yyoLx_kGHRE-00070-00020844-00021036 Canada working on the Royal Canadian
yyoLx_kGHRE-00071-00021037-00021368 Navy's dat AR digital automated tracking
yyoLx_kGHRE-00072-00021369-00021780 and resolving system in 1952 dat AR was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00073-00021781-00022036 similar in concept to Benjamin's display
yyoLx_kGHRE-00074-00022037-00022350 the trackball used for discs to pick up
yyoLx_kGHRE-00075-00022351-00022565 motion to each for the X and y
yyoLx_kGHRE-00076-00022566-00022914 directions several rollers provided
yyoLx_kGHRE-00077-00022915-00023175 mechanical support when the ball was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00078-00023176-00023375 rolled the pickup discs spun and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00079-00023376-00023553 contacts on their outer rim made
yyoLx_kGHRE-00080-00023554-00023817 periodic contact with wires producing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00081-00023818-00024033 pulses of output with each movement of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00082-00024034-00024336 the ball by Counting the pulses the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00083-00024337-00024518 physical movement of the ball could be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00084-00024519-00024893 determined a digital computer calculated
yyoLx_kGHRE-00085-00024894-00025092 the tracks and sent the resulting data
yyoLx_kGHRE-00086-00025093-00025343 to other ships in a task force using
yyoLx_kGHRE-00087-00025344-00025709 pulse code modulation radio signals this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00088-00025710-00026006 trackball used a standard canadian v pin
yyoLx_kGHRE-00089-00026007-00026315 bowling ball it was not patented since
yyoLx_kGHRE-00090-00026316-00026690 it was a secret military project douglas
yyoLx_kGHRE-00091-00026691-00026846 engelbart of the stanford research
yyoLx_kGHRE-00092-00026847-00027162 institute now sri international has been
yyoLx_kGHRE-00093-00027163-00027375 credited in published books by thierry
yyoLx_kGHRE-00094-00027376-00027452 Bardini
yyoLx_kGHRE-00095-00027453-00027623 paul sárosi howard
yyoLx_kGHRE-00096-00027624-00027845 golde and several others is the inventor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00097-00027845-00028157 of the computer mouse angle Bart was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00098-00028158-00028373 also recognized as such in various
yyoLx_kGHRE-00099-00028374-00028667 obituaries after his death in July 2013
yyoLx_kGHRE-00100-00028668-00028993 by 1963 Engelbart had already
yyoLx_kGHRE-00101-00028994-00029245 established a research lab at SRI the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00102-00029247-00029489 augmentation Research Center arc to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00103-00029489-00029702 pursue his objective of developing both
yyoLx_kGHRE-00104-00029702-00029885 hardware and software computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00105-00029886-00030262 technology to augment human intelligence
yyoLx_kGHRE-00106-00030263-00030524 that November while attending a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00107-00030525-00030770 conference on computer graphics in Reno
yyoLx_kGHRE-00108-00030770-00031010 Nevada angle Bart began to ponder how to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00109-00031011-00031226 adapt the underlying principles of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00110-00031227-00031533 plan emitter to XY coordinate input on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00111-00031534-00031976 November 14 1963 he first recorded his
yyoLx_kGHRE-00112-00031977-00032177 thoughts in his personal notebook about
yyoLx_kGHRE-00113-00032177-00032408 something he initially called her Berg
yyoLx_kGHRE-00114-00032408-00032837 which in a 3-point form could have a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00115-00032838-00033262 drop point and two orthogonal wheels he
yyoLx_kGHRE-00116-00033263-00033670 wrote that the Berg would be easier and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00117-00033671-00034106 more natural to use and unlike a stylus
yyoLx_kGHRE-00118-00034107-00034324 it would stay still when let go which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00119-00034325-00034532 meant it would be much better for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00120-00034533-00034973 coordination with the keyboard in 1964
yyoLx_kGHRE-00121-00034974-00035201 Bill English joined arc where he helped
yyoLx_kGHRE-00122-00035202-00035374 Engelbart build the first Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00123-00035375-00035695 prototype they christened the device the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00124-00035696-00035885 mouse as early models had a cord
yyoLx_kGHRE-00125-00035886-00036083 attached to the rear part of the device
yyoLx_kGHRE-00126-00036084-00036289 which looked like a tail and in turn
yyoLx_kGHRE-00127-00036290-00036608 resembled the common mouse as noted
yyoLx_kGHRE-00128-00036609-00036998 above this mouse was first mentioned in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00129-00036999-00037324 print in a July 1965 report on which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00130-00037325-00037618 English was the lead author on the 9th
yyoLx_kGHRE-00131-00037619-00037955 of December 1968 Engelbart publicly
yyoLx_kGHRE-00132-00037956-00038140 demonstrated the mouse at what would
yyoLx_kGHRE-00133-00038141-00038308 come to be known as the mother of all
yyoLx_kGHRE-00134-00038309-00038633 demos Engelbart never received any
yyoLx_kGHRE-00135-00038634-00038873 royalties for it as his employer shree
yyoLx_kGHRE-00136-00038874-00039115 held the patent which expired before the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00137-00039116-00039343 mouse became widely used in personal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00138-00039344-00039698 computers in any event the invention of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00139-00039699-00039932 the mouse was just a small part of angle
yyoLx_kGHRE-00140-00039933-00040165 Bart's much larger project of augmenting
yyoLx_kGHRE-00141-00040166-00040511 human intellect
yyoLx_kGHRE-00142-00040512-00040715 other experimental pointing devices
yyoLx_kGHRE-00143-00040716-00040973 developed for angle bars online system
yyoLx_kGHRE-00144-00040974-00041258 NLS exploited different body movements
yyoLx_kGHRE-00145-00041259-00041489 for example head mounted devices
yyoLx_kGHRE-00146-00041490-00041672 attached to the chin or nose but
yyoLx_kGHRE-00147-00041673-00041876 ultimately the mouse won out because of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00148-00041877-00042173 its speed and convenience the first
yyoLx_kGHRE-00149-00042174-00042458 Mouse a bulky device pictured used two
yyoLx_kGHRE-00150-00042459-00042680 potentiometers perpendicular to each
yyoLx_kGHRE-00151-00042681-00042875 other and connected to wheels the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00152-00042876-00043103 rotation of each wheel translated into
yyoLx_kGHRE-00153-00043104-00043460 motion along one axis at the time of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00154-00043461-00043808 mother of all demos Engelbart's group
yyoLx_kGHRE-00155-00043809-00044000 had been using the second generation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00156-00044001-00044348 three button Mouse for about a year on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00157-00044349-00044746 October 2nd 1968 a mouse device named
yyoLx_kGHRE-00158-00044747-00045119 role kugel German for rolling ball was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00159-00045120-00045346 described as an optional device for its
yyoLx_kGHRE-00160-00045347-00045596 sig 100 terminal was developed by the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00161-00045597-00045937 German company Telefunken as the name
yyoLx_kGHRE-00162-00045938-00046214 suggests an unlike Engelbart's Mouse the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00163-00046215-00046526 Telefunken model already had a ball it
yyoLx_kGHRE-00164-00046527-00046733 was based on an earlier trackball like
yyoLx_kGHRE-00165-00046734-00046985 device also named roll kugel that was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00166-00046986-00047254 embedded into radar flight control desks
yyoLx_kGHRE-00167-00047255-00047531 this trackball had been developed by a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00168-00047532-00047723 team led by Reina malla brain at
yyoLx_kGHRE-00169-00047724-00047939 Telefunken kann stands for the German
yyoLx_kGHRE-00170-00047940-00048146 bund a son felt fur flux assuring
yyoLx_kGHRE-00171-00048147-00048401 federal air traffic control as part of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00172-00048402-00048689 their tra t6 process computer system
yyoLx_kGHRE-00173-00048690-00048992 with its sig 100 to 86 vector graphics
yyoLx_kGHRE-00174-00048993-00049313 terminal when the development for the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00175-00049314-00049696 Telefunken mainframe TR 440 began in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00176-00049697-00049976 1965 malla Bryn and his team came up
yyoLx_kGHRE-00177-00049977-00050351 with the idea of reversing the existing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00178-00050352-00050561 roll kugel into a movable Mouse like
yyoLx_kGHRE-00179-00050562-00050815 device so that customers did not have to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00180-00050816-00051002 be bothered with mounting holes for the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00181-00051003-00051307 earlier trackball device together with
yyoLx_kGHRE-00182-00051308-00051502 light pens and track balls it was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00183-00051503-00051719 offered as an optional input device for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00184-00051720-00052132 their system since 1968 some roll Google
yyoLx_kGHRE-00185-00052133-00052327 Mouse is installed at the Leibniz reach
yyoLx_kGHRE-00186-00052328-00052637 and zentrum in Munich in 1972 are well
yyoLx_kGHRE-00187-00052638-00052825 preserved in a museum
yyoLx_kGHRE-00188-00052826-00053111 Telefunken considered the invention too
yyoLx_kGHRE-00189-00053112-00053404 unimportant to apply for a patent on it
yyoLx_kGHRE-00190-00053404-00053707 the Xerox Alto was one of the first
yyoLx_kGHRE-00191-00053708-00053891 computers designed for end of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00192-00053891-00054229 in 1973 and is regarded as the first
yyoLx_kGHRE-00193-00054230-00054537 modern computer to utilize a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00194-00054538-00054904 inspired by Parc zalto the Lilith a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00195-00054905-00055105 computer which had been developed by a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00196-00055107-00055351 team around Niklaus Wirth ITAT szerik
yyoLx_kGHRE-00197-00055352-00055715 between 1978 and 1980 provided a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00198-00055716-00055792 as well
yyoLx_kGHRE-00199-00055794-00056050 the third marketed version of an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00200-00056051-00056279 integrated mouse shipped as a part of a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00201-00056279-00056488 computer and intended for personal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00202-00056489-00056746 computer navigation came with the Xerox
yyoLx_kGHRE-00203-00056747-00057479 8010 star in 1981 by 1982 the Xerox 8010
yyoLx_kGHRE-00204-00057479-00057694 was probably the best known computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00205-00057695-00058004 with a mouse the Sun one also came with
yyoLx_kGHRE-00206-00058004-00058237 a mouse and the forthcoming Apple Lisa
yyoLx_kGHRE-00207-00058238-00058424 was rumored to use one but the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00208-00058425-00058649 peripheral remained obscure Jack Hawley
yyoLx_kGHRE-00209-00058650-00058855 of the mouse house reported that one
yyoLx_kGHRE-00210-00058857-00059087 buyer for a large organization believed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00211-00059088-00059388 at first that his company sold lab mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00212-00059389-00059687 poorly who manufactured mice for Xerox
yyoLx_kGHRE-00213-00059688-00060011 stated that practically I have the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00214-00060012-00060238 market all to myself right now
yyoLx_kGHRE-00215-00060239-00060509 a Hawley Mouse cost four hundred and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00216-00060510-00060821 fifteen dollars that year Microsoft made
yyoLx_kGHRE-00217-00060822-00061063 the decision to make the ms-dos program
yyoLx_kGHRE-00218-00061064-00061294 Microsoft Word Mouse compatible and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00219-00061295-00061648 developed the first PC compatible mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00220-00061649-00061969 Microsoft's mouse shipped in 1983 thus
yyoLx_kGHRE-00221-00061970-00062155 beginning the Microsoft hardware
yyoLx_kGHRE-00222-00062157-00062316 division of the company
yyoLx_kGHRE-00223-00062317-00062581 however the mouse remained relatively
yyoLx_kGHRE-00224-00062582-00062788 obscure until the appearance of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00225-00062789-00063130 Macintosh 128k which included an updated
yyoLx_kGHRE-00226-00063132-00063491 version of the Lisa Mouse in 1984 and of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00227-00063491-00063768 the Amiga 1000 and the Atari Street in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00228-00063769-00064411 1985
yyoLx_kGHRE-00229-00064412-00064975 topic operation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00230-00064976-00065257 a mouse typically controls the motion of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00231-00065258-00065461 a pointer in two dimensions in a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00232-00065462-00065791 graphical user interface GUI the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00233-00065792-00066025 turns movements of the hand backward and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00234-00066026-00066247 forward left and right into equivalent
yyoLx_kGHRE-00235-00066248-00066481 electronic signals that in turn are used
yyoLx_kGHRE-00236-00066482-00066778 to move the pointer the relative
yyoLx_kGHRE-00237-00066779-00066979 movements of the mouse on the surface
yyoLx_kGHRE-00238-00066980-00067135 are applied to the position of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00239-00067136-00067273 pointer on the screen
yyoLx_kGHRE-00240-00067274-00067486 which signals the point where actions of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00241-00067487-00067618 the user take place
yyoLx_kGHRE-00242-00067619-00067837 sir hand movements are replicated by the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00243-00067838-00068165 pointer clicking or hovering stopping
yyoLx_kGHRE-00244-00068166-00068362 movement while the cursor is within the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00245-00068363-00068563 bounds of an area can select files
yyoLx_kGHRE-00246-00068564-00068842 programs or actions from a list of names
yyoLx_kGHRE-00247-00068843-00069118 or in graphical interfaces through small
yyoLx_kGHRE-00248-00069119-00069526 images called icons and other elements
yyoLx_kGHRE-00249-00069527-00069791 for example a text file might be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00250-00069792-00069991 represented by a picture of a paper
yyoLx_kGHRE-00251-00069992-00070174 notebook and clicking while the cursor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00252-00070175-00070399 hovers this icon might cause a text
yyoLx_kGHRE-00253-00070400-00070618 editing program to open the file in a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00254-00070619-00070963 window different ways of operating the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00255-00070964-00071194 mouse cause specific things to happen in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00256-00071195-00071534 the GUI click pressing and releasing a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00257-00071535-00071887 button left single click clicking the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00258-00071888-00072235 main button left double click clicking
yyoLx_kGHRE-00259-00072236-00072428 the button two times in quick succession
yyoLx_kGHRE-00260-00072429-00072671 counts as a different gesture than two
yyoLx_kGHRE-00261-00072672-00073034 separate single clicks left triple click
yyoLx_kGHRE-00262-00073035-00073237 clicking the button three times in quick
yyoLx_kGHRE-00263-00073238-00073480 succession counts as a different gesture
yyoLx_kGHRE-00264-00073481-00073690 than three separate single clicks
yyoLx_kGHRE-00265-00073691-00073969 tripleclicks are far less common in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00266-00073970-00074305 traditional navigation right-click
yyoLx_kGHRE-00267-00074306-00074500 clicking the secondary button or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00268-00074501-00074731 clicking with two fingers this brings a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00269-00074732-00074950 menu with different options depending on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00270-00074951-00075268 the software middle-click clicking the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00271-00075269-00075625 tertiary button drag and drop pressing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00272-00075626-00075817 and holding a button then moving the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00273-00075818-00076018 mouse without releasing using the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00274-00076019-00076338 command drag with the right mouse button
yyoLx_kGHRE-00275-00076339-00076762 instead of just drag when one instructs
yyoLx_kGHRE-00276-00076763-00076966 a user to drag an object while holding
yyoLx_kGHRE-00277-00076967-00077182 the right mouse button down instead of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00278-00077183-00077451 the more commonly used left mouse button
yyoLx_kGHRE-00279-00077452-00077740 mouse button cording aka rocker
yyoLx_kGHRE-00280-00077741-00078112 navigation combination of right-click
yyoLx_kGHRE-00281-00078113-00078380 then left click combo
yyoLx_kGHRE-00282-00078381-00078596 of left click then right-click or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00283-00078597-00078965 keyboard letter combination of left or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00284-00078966-00079280 right click and the mouse wheel clicking
yyoLx_kGHRE-00285-00079281-00079648 while holding down a modifier key moving
yyoLx_kGHRE-00286-00079649-00079861 the pointer a long distance when a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00287-00079862-00080080 practical limit of mouse movement is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00288-00080081-00080317 reached one lifts up the mouse brings it
yyoLx_kGHRE-00289-00080318-00080512 to the opposite edge of the working area
yyoLx_kGHRE-00290-00080513-00080707 while it is held above the surface and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00291-00080708-00080926 then replaces it down onto the working
yyoLx_kGHRE-00292-00080927-00081204 surface this is often not necessary
yyoLx_kGHRE-00293-00081205-00081487 because acceleration software detects
yyoLx_kGHRE-00294-00081488-00081712 fast movement and moves the pointer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00295-00081713-00081955 significantly faster in proportion than
yyoLx_kGHRE-00296-00081956-00082336 for slow mouse motion multi-touch this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00297-00082337-00082531 method is similar to a multi-touch
yyoLx_kGHRE-00298-00082532-00082766 trackpad on a laptop with support for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00299-00082767-00083011 tap input for multiple fingers the most
yyoLx_kGHRE-00300-00083012-00083218 famous example being the Apple Magic
yyoLx_kGHRE-00301-00083219-00083799 Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00302-00083800-00084372 topic Mouse gestures
yyoLx_kGHRE-00303-00084373-00084669 users can also employ mice gesturally
yyoLx_kGHRE-00304-00084670-00084888 meaning that a stylized motion of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00305-00084889-00085251 mouse cursor itself Calder gesture can
yyoLx_kGHRE-00306-00085252-00085491 issue a command or map to a specific
yyoLx_kGHRE-00307-00085492-00085776 action for example in a drawing program
yyoLx_kGHRE-00308-00085777-00086196 moving the mouse in a rapid X motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00309-00086197-00086483 over a shape might delete the shape
yyoLx_kGHRE-00310-00086484-00086742 gestural interfaces occur more rarely
yyoLx_kGHRE-00311-00086743-00086937 than plain pointing and clicking and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00312-00086938-00087162 people often find them more difficult to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00313-00087163-00087378 use because they require a finer motor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00314-00087379-00087717 control from the user however a few
yyoLx_kGHRE-00315-00087718-00087906 gestural conventions have become
yyoLx_kGHRE-00316-00087907-00088104 widespread including the drag-and-drop
yyoLx_kGHRE-00317-00088105-00088455 gesture in which the user presses the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00318-00088456-00088635 mouse button while the mouse cursor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00319-00088636-00089004 hovers over an interface object the user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00320-00089005-00089190 moves the cursor to a different location
yyoLx_kGHRE-00321-00089191-00089550 while holding the button down the user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00322-00089551-00089784 releases the mouse button for example a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00323-00089785-00089985 user might drag-and-drop a picture
yyoLx_kGHRE-00324-00089986-00090204 representing a file onto a picture of a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00325-00090205-00090441 trash can thus instructing the system to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00326-00090442-00090840 delete the file standard semantic
yyoLx_kGHRE-00327-00090841-00091214 gestures include crossing based goal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00328-00091215-00091832 drag and drop menu traversal pointing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00329-00091833-00092632 rollover mouse over selection
yyoLx_kGHRE-00330-00092633-00093209 topic-specific uses
yyoLx_kGHRE-00331-00093210-00093479 other uses of the mouse's input occur
yyoLx_kGHRE-00332-00093480-00093745 commonly in special application domains
yyoLx_kGHRE-00333-00093746-00094040 in interactive three-dimensional
yyoLx_kGHRE-00334-00094041-00094259 graphics the Mouse's motion often
yyoLx_kGHRE-00335-00094260-00094499 translates directly into changes in the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00336-00094500-00094774 virtual objects or cameras orientation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00337-00094775-00095099 for example in the first-person shooter
yyoLx_kGHRE-00338-00095100-00095384 genre of games see below players usually
yyoLx_kGHRE-00339-00095385-00095561 employ the mouse to control the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00340-00095562-00095759 direction in which the virtual players
yyoLx_kGHRE-00341-00095760-00096116 head faces moving the mouse up will
yyoLx_kGHRE-00342-00096117-00096299 cause the player to look up revealing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00343-00096300-00096526 the view above the players head a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00344-00096527-00096785 related function makes an image of an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00345-00096786-00097034 object rotate so that all sides can be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00346-00097035-00097370 examined 3d design and animation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00347-00097371-00097580 software often modally cords many
yyoLx_kGHRE-00348-00097581-00097832 different combinations to allow objects
yyoLx_kGHRE-00349-00097833-00098033 and cameras to be rotated and moved
yyoLx_kGHRE-00350-00098034-00098225 through space with the few axes of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00351-00098226-00098606 movement mice can detect when mice have
yyoLx_kGHRE-00352-00098607-00098819 more than one button the software may
yyoLx_kGHRE-00353-00098820-00099002 assign different functions to each
yyoLx_kGHRE-00354-00099003-00099368 button often the primary leftmost in a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00355-00099369-00099602 right handed configuration button on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00356-00099603-00099794 mouse will select items and the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00357-00099795-00100022 secondary rightmost in a right-handed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00358-00100023-00100187 button will bring up a menu of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00359-00100188-00100400 alternative actions applicable to that
yyoLx_kGHRE-00360-00100401-00100775 item for example on platforms with more
yyoLx_kGHRE-00361-00100776-00100988 than one button the mozilla web browser
yyoLx_kGHRE-00362-00100989-00101195 will follow a link in response to a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00363-00101196-00101405 primary button click will bring up a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00364-00101406-00101645 contextual menu of alternative actions
yyoLx_kGHRE-00365-00101646-00101870 for that link in response to a secondary
yyoLx_kGHRE-00366-00101871-00102068 button click and will often open the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00367-00102069-00102302 link in a new tab or window in response
yyoLx_kGHRE-00368-00102303-00102500 to a click with the tertiary middle
yyoLx_kGHRE-00369-00102501-00103117 mouse button
yyoLx_kGHRE-00370-00103118-00103685 topic variance
yyoLx_kGHRE-00371-00103686-00104042 you
yyoLx_kGHRE-00372-00104043-00104632 topic mechanical mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00373-00104633-00104929 the German company Telefunken published
yyoLx_kGHRE-00374-00104930-00105154 on their early bull mouse on the 2nd of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00375-00105155-00105386 October 1968
yyoLx_kGHRE-00376-00105388-00105676 Telefunken Smouse was sold as optional
yyoLx_kGHRE-00377-00105677-00105877 equipment for their computer systems
yyoLx_kGHRE-00378-00105878-00106150 Bill English builder of Engelbart's
yyoLx_kGHRE-00379-00106151-00106413 original Mouse created a bull mouse in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00380-00106414-00106729 1972 while working for Xerox PARC the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00381-00106730-00106935 bull mouse replaced the external wheels
yyoLx_kGHRE-00382-00106936-00107155 with a single ball that could rotate in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00383-00107156-00107467 any direction it came as part of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00384-00107468-00107658 hardware package of the Xerox Alto
yyoLx_kGHRE-00385-00107659-00107989 computer perpendicular chopper wheels
yyoLx_kGHRE-00386-00107990-00108214 housed inside the mouse's body chopped
yyoLx_kGHRE-00387-00108215-00108391 beams of light on the way to light
yyoLx_kGHRE-00388-00108392-00108469 senses
yyoLx_kGHRE-00389-00108470-00108676 thus detecting in their turn the motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00390-00108677-00108958 of the ball this variant of the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00391-00108958-00109183 resembled an inverted trackball and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00392-00109183-00109393 became the predominant form used with
yyoLx_kGHRE-00393-00109394-00109657 personal computers throughout the 1980s
yyoLx_kGHRE-00394-00109658-00110047 and 1990s the Xerox PARC group also
yyoLx_kGHRE-00395-00110048-00110286 settled on the modern technique of using
yyoLx_kGHRE-00396-00110288-00110476 both hands to type on a full-size
yyoLx_kGHRE-00397-00110477-00110665 keyboard and grabbing the mouse when
yyoLx_kGHRE-00398-00110666-00111033 required the bull mouse has two freely
yyoLx_kGHRE-00399-00111034-00111355 rotating rollers these are located 90
yyoLx_kGHRE-00400-00111356-00111640 degrees apart one roller detects the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00401-00111641-00111817 forward backward motion of the mouse and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00402-00111818-00112153 other the left/right motion opposite the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00403-00112154-00112386 two rollers is a third one white in the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00404-00112388-00112630 photo at 45 degrees that is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00405-00112631-00112828 spring-loaded to push the ball against
yyoLx_kGHRE-00406-00112829-00113146 the other two rollers each roller is on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00407-00113147-00113358 the same shaft as an encoder wheel that
yyoLx_kGHRE-00408-00113359-00113590 has slotted edges the slots interrupt
yyoLx_kGHRE-00409-00113591-00113782 infrared light beams to generate
yyoLx_kGHRE-00410-00113783-00114004 electrical pulses that represent wheel
yyoLx_kGHRE-00411-00114005-00114328 movement each wheels disk has a pair of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00412-00114329-00114598 light beams located so that a given beam
yyoLx_kGHRE-00413-00114599-00114844 becomes interrupted or again starts to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00414-00114845-00115048 pass light freely when the other beam of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00415-00115049-00115198 the pair is about halfway between
yyoLx_kGHRE-00416-00115199-00115651 changes simple logic circuits interpret
yyoLx_kGHRE-00417-00115652-00115849 the relative timing to indicate which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00418-00115850-00116158 direction the wheel is rotating this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00419-00116158-00116398 incremental rotary encoder scheme is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00420-00116399-00116620 sometimes called quadrature encoding of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00421-00116621-00116851 the wheel rotation as the two optical
yyoLx_kGHRE-00422-00116852-00117046 sensors produce signals that are in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00423-00117047-00117367 approximately quadrature phase the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00424-00117368-00117583 sends these signals to the computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00425-00117583-00117838 system via the mouse cable directly as
yyoLx_kGHRE-00426-00117839-00118008 logic signals in very old
yyoLx_kGHRE-00427-00118009-00118278 my such as the Xerox mice and via a data
yyoLx_kGHRE-00428-00118279-00118615 formatting I see in modern mice the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00429-00118616-00118819 driver software in the system converts
yyoLx_kGHRE-00430-00118820-00119047 the signals into motion of the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00431-00119048-00119293 cursor along x and y axes on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00432-00119294-00119671 computer screen the ball is mostly steel
yyoLx_kGHRE-00433-00119672-00119859 with a precision spherical rubber
yyoLx_kGHRE-00434-00119860-00120181 surface the weight of the ball given an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00435-00120182-00120382 appropriate working surface under the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00436-00120383-00120609 mouse provides a reliable grip so the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00437-00120610-00120799 mouse's movement is transmitted
yyoLx_kGHRE-00438-00120800-00121123 accurately ball mice and wheel mice were
yyoLx_kGHRE-00439-00121124-00121359 manufactured for Xerox by Jack Hawley
yyoLx_kGHRE-00440-00121360-00121584 doing business as the mouse house in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00441-00121585-00121947 Berkeley California starting in 1975
yyoLx_kGHRE-00442-00121948-00122224 based on another invention by Jack
yyoLx_kGHRE-00443-00122225-00122464 Hawley proprietor of the mouse house
yyoLx_kGHRE-00444-00122465-00122638 Honeywell produced another type of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00445-00122639-00122979 mechanical mouse instead of a ball it
yyoLx_kGHRE-00446-00122980-00123358 had two wheels rotating at off axis key
yyoLx_kGHRE-00447-00123358-00123589 tronic later produced a similar product
yyoLx_kGHRE-00448-00123590-00123826 modern computer mice took form at the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00449-00123827-00124008 occult Polytechnique fédérale de
yyoLx_kGHRE-00450-00124009-00124284 Lausanne EPFL under their inspiration of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00451-00124285-00124483 professor Jean Daniel Nick ood and at
yyoLx_kGHRE-00452-00124483-00124675 the hands of engineer and watchmaker
yyoLx_kGHRE-00453-00124676-00124969 Andre Caen yard this new design
yyoLx_kGHRE-00454-00124970-00125206 incorporated a single hard rubber mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00455-00125207-00125431 ball in three buttons and remained a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00456-00125432-00125620 common design until the mainstream
yyoLx_kGHRE-00457-00125621-00125790 adoption of the scroll wheel mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00458-00125791-00126274 during the 1990s in 1985 Rene Summer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00459-00126275-00126528 added a microprocessor t'nuk outs and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00460-00126529-00126840 gaignard design through this innovation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00461-00126841-00127053 summer is credited with inventing a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00462-00127054-00127278 significant component of the mouse which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00463-00127279-00127641 made it more intelligent though optical
yyoLx_kGHRE-00464-00127642-00127836 mice from Mouse systems had incorporated
yyoLx_kGHRE-00465-00127838-00128239 micro processors by 1984 another type of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00466-00128240-00128602 mechanical mouse per analog mouse now
yyoLx_kGHRE-00467-00128603-00128847 generally regarded as obsolete uses
yyoLx_kGHRE-00468-00128848-00129052 potentiometers rather than encoder
yyoLx_kGHRE-00469-00129053-00129271 wheels and is typically designed to be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00470-00129272-00129515 plug compatible with an analog joystick
yyoLx_kGHRE-00471-00129516-00129970 the color Mouse originally marketed by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00472-00129971-00130209 RadioShack for their color computer but
yyoLx_kGHRE-00473-00130210-00130477 also usable on ms-dos machines equipped
yyoLx_kGHRE-00474-00130478-00130714 with analog joystick ports provided the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00475-00130715-00130963 software accepted joystick input was the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00476-00130964-00131602 best known example
yyoLx_kGHRE-00477-00131603-00132250 topic optical and laser mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00478-00132251-00132508 optical mice rely entirely on one or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00479-00132509-00132793 more light-emitting diodes LEDs and an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00480-00132794-00133021 imaging array of photodiodes to detect
yyoLx_kGHRE-00481-00133022-00133198 movement relative to the underlying
yyoLx_kGHRE-00482-00133199-00133444 surface is chewing the internal moving
yyoLx_kGHRE-00483-00133445-00133645 parts of mechanical mouse uses in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00484-00133646-00133990 addition to its optics a laser mouse is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00485-00133991-00134218 an optical mouse that uses coherent
yyoLx_kGHRE-00486-00134219-00134578 laser light the earliest optical mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00487-00134579-00134766 detected movement on pre-printed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00488-00134767-00135040 mousepad surfaces whereas the modern LED
yyoLx_kGHRE-00489-00135041-00135271 optical mouse works on most opaque
yyoLx_kGHRE-00490-00135272-00135535 diffuse surfaces it is usually unable to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00491-00135536-00135781 detect movement on specular surfaces
yyoLx_kGHRE-00492-00135782-00136111 like polished stone laser diodes are
yyoLx_kGHRE-00493-00136112-00136318 also used for better resolution and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00494-00136319-00136537 precision improving performance on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00495-00136538-00136861 opaque specular surfaces battery-powered
yyoLx_kGHRE-00496-00136862-00137121 Wireless optical mice flash the LED
yyoLx_kGHRE-00497-00137122-00137362 intermittently to save power and only
yyoLx_kGHRE-00498-00137363-00138122 glow steadily when movement is detected
yyoLx_kGHRE-00499-00138123-00138804 topic inertial and gyroscopic mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00500-00138805-00139218 often called air mice since they do not
yyoLx_kGHRE-00501-00139219-00139470 require a surface to operate inertial
yyoLx_kGHRE-00502-00139471-00139662 mice use a tuning fork or other
yyoLx_kGHRE-00503-00139663-00139908 accelerometer u.s. patent four million
yyoLx_kGHRE-00504-00139909-00140127 seven hundred and eighty seven thousand
yyoLx_kGHRE-00505-00140128-00140337 and fifty one to detect rotary movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00506-00140338-00140703 for every axis supported the most common
yyoLx_kGHRE-00507-00140704-00140934 models manufactured by Logitech and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00508-00140935-00141168 gyration work using two degrees of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00509-00141169-00141393 rotational freedom and are insensitive
yyoLx_kGHRE-00510-00141394-00141756 to spatial translation the user requires
yyoLx_kGHRE-00511-00141757-00142008 only small wrist rotations to move the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00512-00142009-00142320 cursor reducing user fatigue or gorilla
yyoLx_kGHRE-00513-00142321-00142734 arm usually cordless they often have a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00514-00142735-00142926 switch to deactivate the movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00515-00142927-00143166 circuitry between use allowing the user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00516-00143167-00143379 freedom of movement without affecting
yyoLx_kGHRE-00517-00143380-00143670 the cursor position a patent from an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00518-00143671-00143880 inertial Mouse claims that such mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00519-00143881-00144096 consume less power than optically based
yyoLx_kGHRE-00520-00144097-00144326 mice and offer increased sensitivity
yyoLx_kGHRE-00521-00144327-00144614 reduced weight and increased ease of use
yyoLx_kGHRE-00522-00144615-00144912 in combination with a wireless keyboard
yyoLx_kGHRE-00523-00144913-00145161 and inertial mouse can offer alternative
yyoLx_kGHRE-00524-00145162-00145338 ergonomic arrangements which do not
yyoLx_kGHRE-00525-00145339-00145611 require a flat work surface potentially
yyoLx_kGHRE-00526-00145612-00145827 alleviating some types of repetitive
yyoLx_kGHRE-00527-00145828-00146073 motion injuries related to workstation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00528-00146074-00146633 posture
yyoLx_kGHRE-00529-00146634-00147204 topic 3d mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00530-00147205-00147543 also known as bats flying mice or once
yyoLx_kGHRE-00531-00147544-00147783 these devices generally function through
yyoLx_kGHRE-00532-00147784-00147993 ultrasound and provide at least three
yyoLx_kGHRE-00533-00147994-00148287 degrees of freedom probably the best
yyoLx_kGHRE-00534-00148288-00148547 known example would be 3d connection
yyoLx_kGHRE-00535-00148548-00148901 logitech space Mouse from the early
yyoLx_kGHRE-00536-00148902-00149295 1990s in the late 1990s cam tech
yyoLx_kGHRE-00537-00149296-00149571 introduced the 3d ring Mouse this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00538-00149572-00149784 wireless mouse was worn on a ring around
yyoLx_kGHRE-00539-00149785-00150003 a finger which enabled the thumb to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00540-00150004-00150312 access three buttons the mouse was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00541-00150313-00150537 tracked in three dimensions by a base
yyoLx_kGHRE-00542-00150538-00150852 station despite a certain appeal it was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00543-00150853-00151059 finally discontinued because it did not
yyoLx_kGHRE-00544-00151060-00151407 provide sufficient resolution one
yyoLx_kGHRE-00545-00151408-00151746 example of a 2000s consumer 3d pointing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00546-00151747-00152052 device is the Wii Remote while primarily
yyoLx_kGHRE-00547-00152053-00152343 a motion sensing device that is it can
yyoLx_kGHRE-00548-00152344-00152574 determine its orientation and direction
yyoLx_kGHRE-00549-00152575-00152808 of movement Wii Remote can also detect
yyoLx_kGHRE-00550-00152809-00153024 its spatial position by comparing the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00551-00153025-00153219 distance and position of the lights from
yyoLx_kGHRE-00552-00153220-00153480 the IR emitter using its integrated IR
yyoLx_kGHRE-00553-00153481-00153690 camera since the nunchuck accessory
yyoLx_kGHRE-00554-00153691-00153897 lacks a camera it can only tell its
yyoLx_kGHRE-00555-00153898-00154185 current heading and orientation the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00556-00154186-00154398 obvious drawback to this approach is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00557-00154399-00154578 that it can only produce spatial
yyoLx_kGHRE-00558-00154579-00154800 coordinates while its camera can see the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00559-00154801-00155112 sensor bar more accurate consumer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00560-00155113-00155286 devices have since been released
yyoLx_kGHRE-00561-00155287-00155538 including the PlayStation Move the Razer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00562-00155539-00155823 Hydra and the control is part of the HTC
yyoLx_kGHRE-00563-00155824-00156171 vive virtual reality system all of these
yyoLx_kGHRE-00564-00156172-00156423 devices can accurately detect position
yyoLx_kGHRE-00565-00156424-00156657 and orientation in 3d space regardless
yyoLx_kGHRE-00566-00156658-00156882 of angle relative to the sensor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00567-00156883-00157095 stationed a mouse related controller
yyoLx_kGHRE-00568-00157096-00157308 called the space ball has a ball placed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00569-00157309-00157500 above the work surface that can easily
yyoLx_kGHRE-00570-00157501-00157836 be gripped with spring-loaded centering
yyoLx_kGHRE-00571-00157837-00158067 it sends both translational as well as
yyoLx_kGHRE-00572-00158068-00158331 angular displacements on all six axes in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00573-00158332-00158664 both directions for each in november
yyoLx_kGHRE-00574-00158665-00158937 2010 a german company called ax otic
yyoLx_kGHRE-00575-00158938-00159189 introduced a new concept of 3d mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00576-00159190-00159600 called 3d spheric mouse this new concept
yyoLx_kGHRE-00577-00159601-00159822 of a true six degree of freedom input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00578-00159823-00160071 device uses a ball to rotate in three
yyoLx_kGHRE-00579-00160072-00160803 axes without any limitations
yyoLx_kGHRE-00580-00160804-00161374 topic tactile mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00581-00161375-00161776 in 2000 logitech introduced her tactile
yyoLx_kGHRE-00582-00161777-00162109 mouse that contained a small actuator to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00583-00162110-00162418 make the mouse vibrate such a mouse can
yyoLx_kGHRE-00584-00162419-00162646 augment user interfaces with haptic
yyoLx_kGHRE-00585-00162647-00162886 feedback such as giving feedback when
yyoLx_kGHRE-00586-00162887-00163204 crossing a window boundary to surf by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00587-00163205-00163438 touch requires the user to be able to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00588-00163439-00163687 feel depth or hardness this ability was
yyoLx_kGHRE-00589-00163688-00163900 realized with the first electorial aaja
yyoLx_kGHRE-00590-00163901-00164642 chol tactile mice were never marketed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00591-00164643-00165341 topic Puck's tablet digitizes are
yyoLx_kGHRE-00592-00165342-00165548 sometimes used with accessories called
yyoLx_kGHRE-00593-00165549-00165800 pucks devices which rely on absolute
yyoLx_kGHRE-00594-00165801-00166004 positioning but can be configured for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00595-00166005-00166184 sufficiently mouse-like relative
yyoLx_kGHRE-00596-00166185-00166307 tracking that they are sometimes
yyoLx_kGHRE-00597-00166308-00166974 marketed as mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00598-00166975-00167564 topic ergonomic mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00599-00167565-00167843 as the name suggests this type of mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00600-00167844-00168056 is intended to provide optimum comfort
yyoLx_kGHRE-00601-00168057-00168311 and avoid injuries such as carpal tunnel
yyoLx_kGHRE-00602-00168312-00168563 syndrome arthritis and other repetitive
yyoLx_kGHRE-00603-00168564-00168875 strain injuries it is designed to fit
yyoLx_kGHRE-00604-00168876-00169103 natural hand position and movements to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00605-00169104-00169496 reduce discomfort when holding a typical
yyoLx_kGHRE-00606-00169497-00169715 mouse ulnar and radius bones on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00607-00169716-00170045 armour crust some designs attempt to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00608-00170046-00170261 place the palm more vertically so the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00609-00170262-00170453 bones take more natural parallel
yyoLx_kGHRE-00610-00170454-00170750 position some limit wrist movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00611-00170751-00170990 encouraging our movement instead that
yyoLx_kGHRE-00612-00170991-00171212 may be less precise but more optimal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00613-00171213-00171488 from the health point of view a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00614-00171489-00171707 may be angled from the thumb downward to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00615-00171708-00171902 the opposite side this is known to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00616-00171903-00172214 reduce wrist pronation however such
yyoLx_kGHRE-00617-00172215-00172451 optimizations make the mouse right or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00618-00172452-00172664 left hand specific making more
yyoLx_kGHRE-00619-00172665-00172906 problematic to change the tired hand
yyoLx_kGHRE-00620-00172907-00173170 Time magazine has criticized
yyoLx_kGHRE-00621-00173171-00173408 manufacturers for offering few or no
yyoLx_kGHRE-00622-00173409-00173738 left-handed ergonomic mice often times I
yyoLx_kGHRE-00623-00173739-00173951 felt like I was dealing with someone
yyoLx_kGHRE-00624-00173952-00174185 who'd never actually met a left-handed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00625-00174186-00174623 person before another solution is a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00626-00174624-00174929 pointing bar device the so called roller
yyoLx_kGHRE-00627-00174930-00175172 bar mouse is positioned snugly in front
yyoLx_kGHRE-00628-00175173-00175409 of the keyboard thus allowing by manual
yyoLx_kGHRE-00629-00175410-00176019 accessibility
yyoLx_kGHRE-00630-00176020-00176575 topic gaming mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00631-00176576-00176845 these mice are specifically designed for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00632-00176846-00177139 use in computer games they typically
yyoLx_kGHRE-00633-00177140-00177358 employ a wide array of controls and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00634-00177359-00177550 buttons and have designs that differ
yyoLx_kGHRE-00635-00177551-00177877 addict lee from traditional mice it is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00636-00177878-00178138 also common for gaming mice especially
yyoLx_kGHRE-00637-00178139-00178342 those designed for use in realtime
yyoLx_kGHRE-00638-00178343-00178609 strategy games such as starcraft or in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00639-00178610-00178828 multiplayer online battle arena games
yyoLx_kGHRE-00640-00178829-00179062 such as dota 2 to have a relatively high
yyoLx_kGHRE-00641-00179063-00179299 sensitivity measured in dots per inch
yyoLx_kGHRE-00642-00179300-00179662 dpi some advanced mice from gaming
yyoLx_kGHRE-00643-00179663-00179893 manufacturers also allow users to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00644-00179894-00180103 customize the weight of the mouse by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00645-00180104-00180310 adding or subtracting weight to allow
yyoLx_kGHRE-00646-00180311-00180670 for easier control ergonomic quality is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00647-00180671-00180910 also an important factor in gaming mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00648-00180911-00181159 as extended gameplay times may render
yyoLx_kGHRE-00649-00181160-00181333 further use of the mouse to be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00650-00181334-00181600 uncomfortable some mice have been
yyoLx_kGHRE-00651-00181601-00181819 designed to have adjustable features
yyoLx_kGHRE-00652-00181820-00182074 such as removable and or elongated palm
yyoLx_kGHRE-00653-00182075-00182311 rests horizontally adjustable thumb
yyoLx_kGHRE-00654-00182312-00182653 rests and pinky rests some mice may
yyoLx_kGHRE-00655-00182654-00182854 include several different rests with
yyoLx_kGHRE-00656-00182855-00183061 their products to ensure comfort for a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00657-00183062-00183412 wider range of target consumers gaming
yyoLx_kGHRE-00658-00183413-00183649 mice are held by gamers in three styles
yyoLx_kGHRE-00659-00183650-00184003 of grip palm grip the hand rests on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00660-00184004-00184369 mouse with extended fingers claw grip
yyoLx_kGHRE-00661-00184370-00184719 palm rests on the mouse bent fingers
yyoLx_kGHRE-00662-00184720-00185026 fingertip grip bent fingers palm doesn't
yyoLx_kGHRE-00663-00185027-00185655 touch the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00664-00185656-00186003 topic connectivity and communication
yyoLx_kGHRE-00665-00186004-00186443 protocols
yyoLx_kGHRE-00666-00186444-00186740 to transmit their input typical cabled
yyoLx_kGHRE-00667-00186741-00186935 mice use a thin electrical cord
yyoLx_kGHRE-00668-00186936-00187181 terminating in a standard connector such
yyoLx_kGHRE-00669-00187182-00187778 as rs-232 see ps2 ADB or USB cordless
yyoLx_kGHRE-00670-00187779-00188048 mice instead transmit data via infrared
yyoLx_kGHRE-00671-00188049-00188351 radiation CA de or radio including
yyoLx_kGHRE-00672-00188352-00188567 Bluetooth although many such cordless
yyoLx_kGHRE-00673-00188568-00188771 interfaces are themselves connected
yyoLx_kGHRE-00674-00188772-00188981 through the aforementioned wired serial
yyoLx_kGHRE-00675-00188982-00189356 buses while the electrical interface and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00676-00189357-00189566 the format of the data transmitted by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00677-00189567-00189770 commonly available mice is currently
yyoLx_kGHRE-00678-00189771-00190043 standardized on USB in the past it
yyoLx_kGHRE-00679-00190044-00190303 varied between different manufacturers a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00680-00190304-00190619 bus mouse used a dedicated interface
yyoLx_kGHRE-00681-00190620-00190907 card for connection to an IBM PC or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00682-00190908-00191279 compatible computer mouse usin dos
yyoLx_kGHRE-00683-00191280-00191495 applications became more common after
yyoLx_kGHRE-00684-00191496-00191717 the introduction of the Microsoft Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00685-00191718-00191984 largely because Microsoft provided an
yyoLx_kGHRE-00686-00191985-00192205 open standard for communication between
yyoLx_kGHRE-00687-00192206-00192472 applications and mouse driver software
yyoLx_kGHRE-00688-00192473-00192797 thus any application written to use the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00689-00192798-00192995 Microsoft standard could use a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00690-00192996-00193181 with a driver that implements the same
yyoLx_kGHRE-00691-00193182-00193475 API even if the mouse Hardware itself
yyoLx_kGHRE-00692-00193476-00193805 was incompatible with microsoft's this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00693-00193806-00194039 driver provides the state of the buttons
yyoLx_kGHRE-00694-00194040-00194246 in the distance the mouse has moved in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00695-00194247-00194516 units that its documentation calls
yyoLx_kGHRE-00696-00194517-00195319 Miki's as does the Allegro library
yyoLx_kGHRE-00697-00195320-00195867 topic early mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00698-00195868-00196269 in the 1970s the Xerox Alto Mouse and in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00699-00196270-00196575 the 1980s the Xerox optical mouse used a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00700-00196576-00196944 quadrature encoded X&Y interface this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00701-00196945-00197190 two-bit encoding per dimension had the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00702-00197191-00197388 property that only one bit of the two
yyoLx_kGHRE-00703-00197389-00197520 would change at a time
yyoLx_kGHRE-00704-00197521-00197766 like a gray code or Johnson counter so
yyoLx_kGHRE-00705-00197767-00197919 that the transitions would not be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00706-00197920-00198108 misinterpreted when a synchronously
yyoLx_kGHRE-00707-00198109-00198351 sampled the earliest mass-market mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-00708-00198352-00198627 such as on the original Macintosh Amiga
yyoLx_kGHRE-00709-00198628-00198834 and Atari Street mice used a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00710-00198835-00199053 d-subminiature nine pin connector to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00711-00199054-00199272 send the quadrature encoded X and y-axis
yyoLx_kGHRE-00712-00199273-00199572 signals directly plus one pin per mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00713-00199573-00199848 button the mouse was a simple
yyoLx_kGHRE-00714-00199849-00200082 optomechanical device and the decoding
yyoLx_kGHRE-00715-00200083-00200363 circuitry was all in the main computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00716-00200364-00200643 the de nine connectors were designed to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00717-00200644-00200832 be electrically compatible with the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00718-00200833-00201057 joysticks popular on numerous 8-bit
yyoLx_kGHRE-00719-00201058-00201360 systems such as the Commodore 64 in the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00720-00201361-00201593 Atari 2600
yyoLx_kGHRE-00721-00201594-00201840 although the ports could be used for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00722-00201841-00202059 both purposes the signals must be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00723-00202060-00202341 interpreted differently as a result
yyoLx_kGHRE-00724-00202342-00202599 plugging a mouse into a joystick port
yyoLx_kGHRE-00725-00202600-00202944 causes their joystick to continuously
yyoLx_kGHRE-00726-00202945-00203196 move in some direction even if the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00727-00203197-00203292 stays still
yyoLx_kGHRE-00728-00203293-00203499 whereas plugging a joystick into a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00729-00203500-00203898 port causes the mouse to only be able to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00730-00203899-00204646 move a single pixel in each direction
yyoLx_kGHRE-00731-00204647-00205289 topic serial interface and protocol
yyoLx_kGHRE-00732-00205290-00205611 because the IBM PC did not have a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00733-00205612-00205876 quadrature decoder built in early PC
yyoLx_kGHRE-00734-00205877-00206227 mice used the rs-232 see serial port to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00735-00206228-00206460 communicate encoded mouse movements as
yyoLx_kGHRE-00736-00206461-00206644 well as provide power to the mouse's
yyoLx_kGHRE-00737-00206644-00206971 circuits the mouse systems corporation
yyoLx_kGHRE-00738-00206971-00207267 version used a five byte protocol and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00739-00207269-00207601 supported three buttons the Microsoft
yyoLx_kGHRE-00740-00207602-00207850 version used a three byte protocol and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00741-00207851-00208153 supported two buttons due to the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00742-00208154-00208338 incompatibility between the two
yyoLx_kGHRE-00743-00208339-00208644 protocols some manufacturers sold serial
yyoLx_kGHRE-00744-00208646-00209080 mice with a mode switch PC for MSC mode
yyoLx_kGHRE-00745-00209081-00209848 ms for microsoft mode
yyoLx_kGHRE-00746-00209850-00210458 topic Apple desktop bus
yyoLx_kGHRE-00747-00210459-00210794 in 1986 Apple first implemented the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00748-00210794-00210965 Apple desktop bus allowing the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00749-00210966-00211196 daisy-chaining linking together of up to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00750-00211196-00211457 16 devices including mice and other
yyoLx_kGHRE-00751-00211458-00211640 devices on the same bus with no
yyoLx_kGHRE-00752-00211641-00211988 configuration whatsoever featuring only
yyoLx_kGHRE-00753-00211989-00212248 a single data pin the bus used a purely
yyoLx_kGHRE-00754-00212250-00212458 polled approach to computer device
yyoLx_kGHRE-00755-00212459-00212657 communications and survived as the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00756-00212658-00212909 standard on mainstream models including
yyoLx_kGHRE-00757-00212910-00213155 a number of non apple workstations until
yyoLx_kGHRE-00758-00213156-00213380 1998 when I'm at Joe and the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00759-00213381-00213664 industry-wide switch to using USB
yyoLx_kGHRE-00760-00213665-00213878 beginning with the bronze keyboard
yyoLx_kGHRE-00761-00213879-00214217 PowerBook g3 in May 1999 Apple dropped
yyoLx_kGHRE-00762-00214217-00214535 the external ADB port in favor of USB
yyoLx_kGHRE-00763-00214536-00214808 but retained an internal ADB connection
yyoLx_kGHRE-00764-00214809-00215051 in the PowerBook g4 for communication
yyoLx_kGHRE-00765-00215052-00215213 with its built-in keyboard and trackpad
yyoLx_kGHRE-00766-00215214-00215958 until early 2005
yyoLx_kGHRE-00767-00215959-00216739 topic ps/2 interface and protocol with
yyoLx_kGHRE-00768-00216740-00217032 the arrival of the IBM ps/2 personal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00769-00217033-00217392 computer series in 1987 IBM introduced
yyoLx_kGHRE-00770-00217394-00217680 the eponymous ps2 interface for mice and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00771-00217681-00217896 keyboards which other manufacturers
yyoLx_kGHRE-00772-00217897-00218193 rapidly adopted the most visible change
yyoLx_kGHRE-00773-00218194-00218472 was the use of around six pin mini-din
yyoLx_kGHRE-00774-00218473-00218721 in lieu of the former five pin connector
yyoLx_kGHRE-00775-00218722-00219126 in default mode called stream mode a ps2
yyoLx_kGHRE-00776-00219127-00219357 mouse communicates motion and the state
yyoLx_kGHRE-00777-00219358-00219570 of each button by means of three byte
yyoLx_kGHRE-00778-00219571-00219930 packets for any motion button press or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00779-00219931-00220227 button release event a ps2 mouse sends
yyoLx_kGHRE-00780-00220228-00220479 over a bi-directional serial port a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00781-00220480-00220674 sequence of three bytes with the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00782-00220675-00221014 following format here X s and s
yyoLx_kGHRE-00783-00221015-00221232 represent the sign bits of the movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00784-00221233-00221550 vectors 15 and YV indicate an overflow
yyoLx_kGHRE-00785-00221551-00221760 in the respective vector component and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00786-00221761-00222048 pound MB and RB indicate the status of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00787-00222049-00222258 the left middle and right mouse buttons
yyoLx_kGHRE-00788-00222259-00222624 1 equals pressed ps2 mice also
yyoLx_kGHRE-00789-00222625-00222867 understand several commands for reset
yyoLx_kGHRE-00790-00222869-00223050 and self-test switching between
yyoLx_kGHRE-00791-00223051-00223296 different operating modes and changing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00792-00223297-00223500 the resolution of the reported motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00793-00223501-00223884 vectors a microsoft intellimouse relies
yyoLx_kGHRE-00794-00223885-00224181 on an extension of the ps2 protocol the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00795-00224182-00224416 imps - or imps - protocol the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00796-00224417-00224646 abbreviation combines the concepts of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00797-00224647-00225241 Intel emos and ps2 it initially operates
yyoLx_kGHRE-00798-00225242-00225528 in standard ps2 format for backwards
yyoLx_kGHRE-00799-00225529-00225858 compatibility after the host sends a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00800-00225859-00226098 special command sequence it switches to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00801-00226099-00226323 an extended format in which a fourth
yyoLx_kGHRE-00802-00226324-00226527 byte carries information about wheel
yyoLx_kGHRE-00803-00226528-00226840 movements the intellimouse explorer
yyoLx_kGHRE-00804-00226841-00227055 works analogously with the difference
yyoLx_kGHRE-00805-00227056-00227268 that it's four byte packets also allow
yyoLx_kGHRE-00806-00227269-00227493 for two additional buttons for a total
yyoLx_kGHRE-00807-00227494-00227718 of five Mouse vendors also use other
yyoLx_kGHRE-00808-00227719-00227965 extended formats often without providing
yyoLx_kGHRE-00809-00227966-00228318 public documentation the typhoon Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00810-00228319-00228549 uses six byte packets which can appear
yyoLx_kGHRE-00811-00228550-00228801 as a sequence of two standard 3-bike
yyoLx_kGHRE-00812-00228802-00229117 packets such that an ordinary ps2 driver
yyoLx_kGHRE-00813-00229117-00229441 can handle them for three D or six
yyoLx_kGHRE-00814-00229442-00229668 degree of freedom input vendors have
yyoLx_kGHRE-00815-00229669-00229867 made many extensions both to the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00816-00229867-00230077 hardware and to software
yyoLx_kGHRE-00817-00230078-00230392 in the late 1990s logitech created
yyoLx_kGHRE-00818-00230392-00230641 ultrasound based tracking which gave 3d
yyoLx_kGHRE-00819-00230642-00230866 input to a few millimeters accuracy
yyoLx_kGHRE-00820-00230867-00231096 which worked well as an input device but
yyoLx_kGHRE-00821-00231098-00231484 failed as a profitable product in 2008
yyoLx_kGHRE-00822-00231485-00231808 motion for you introduced its up to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00823-00231809-00232162 burst system using IR tracking for use
yyoLx_kGHRE-00824-00232163-00232911 as a Maya graphics software plugin
yyoLx_kGHRE-00825-00232912-00233455 topic USB
yyoLx_kGHRE-00826-00233456-00233776 the industry standard USB Universal
yyoLx_kGHRE-00827-00233777-00234031 Serial bus protocol in its connector
yyoLx_kGHRE-00828-00234032-00234271 have become widely used for mice it is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00829-00234271-00234958 among the most popular types
yyoLx_kGHRE-00830-00234959-00235687 topic cordless or Wireless cordless or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00831-00235688-00235944 wireless mice transmit data via infrared
yyoLx_kGHRE-00832-00235944-00236223 radiation cedar or radio including
yyoLx_kGHRE-00833-00236225-00236575 Bluetooth and Wi-Fi the receiver is
yyoLx_kGHRE-00834-00236576-00236748 connected to the computer through a
yyoLx_kGHRE-00835-00236750-00237055 serial or USB port or can be built-in as
yyoLx_kGHRE-00836-00237056-00237280 is sometimes the case with Bluetooth and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00837-00237281-00237688 Wi-Fi modern non bluetooth and non Wi-Fi
yyoLx_kGHRE-00838-00237689-00238090 wireless mice use USB receivers some of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00839-00238091-00238312 these can be stored inside the mouse for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00840-00238313-00238540 safe transport while not in use while
yyoLx_kGHRE-00841-00238541-00238842 other newer mice use newer nano
yyoLx_kGHRE-00842-00238842-00239121 receivers designed to be small enough to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00843-00239123-00239319 remain plugged into a laptop during
yyoLx_kGHRE-00844-00239321-00239548 transport while still being large enough
yyoLx_kGHRE-00845-00239548-00240187 to easily remove
yyoLx_kGHRE-00846-00240188-00240866 topic multiple mouse systems
yyoLx_kGHRE-00847-00240867-00241151 some systems allow two or more mice to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00848-00241152-00241496 be used at once as input devices late
yyoLx_kGHRE-00849-00241496-00241784 1980s era home computers such as the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00850-00241785-00242015 Amiga used this to allow computer games
yyoLx_kGHRE-00851-00242016-00242240 with two players interacting on the same
yyoLx_kGHRE-00852-00242241-00242462 computer lemmings and the settlers for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00853-00242463-00242821 example the same idea is sometimes used
yyoLx_kGHRE-00854-00242823-00243101 in collaborative software eg to simulate
yyoLx_kGHRE-00855-00243102-00243314 a whiteboard that multiple users can
yyoLx_kGHRE-00856-00243315-00243517 draw on without passing a single mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00857-00243519-00243929 around Microsoft Windows since Windows
yyoLx_kGHRE-00858-00243930-00244201 98 has supported multiple simultaneous
yyoLx_kGHRE-00859-00244202-00244583 pointing devices because Windows only
yyoLx_kGHRE-00860-00244584-00244841 provides a single screen cursor using
yyoLx_kGHRE-00861-00244842-00245057 more than one device at the same time
yyoLx_kGHRE-00862-00245058-00245288 requires cooperation of users or
yyoLx_kGHRE-00863-00245289-00245516 applications designed for multiple input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00864-00245517-00245930 devices multiple mice are often used in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00865-00245931-00246134 multi-user gaming in addition to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00866-00246135-00246338 specially designed devices that provide
yyoLx_kGHRE-00867-00246339-00246769 several input interfaces Windows also
yyoLx_kGHRE-00868-00246771-00246973 has full support for multiple input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00869-00246975-00247229 Mouse configurations for multi user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00870-00247230-00247637 environments starting with Windows XP
yyoLx_kGHRE-00871-00247638-00247880 Microsoft introduced our SDK for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00872-00247881-00248078 developing applications that allow
yyoLx_kGHRE-00873-00248079-00248330 multiple input devices to be used at the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00874-00248331-00248558 same time with independent curses and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00875-00248559-00248746 independent input points the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00876-00248748-00248954 introduction of Vista and Microsoft
yyoLx_kGHRE-00877-00248955-00249137 Surface now known as Microsoft
yyoLx_kGHRE-00878-00249138-00249248 PixelSense
yyoLx_kGHRE-00879-00249248-00249491 introduced a new set of input APIs that
yyoLx_kGHRE-00880-00249492-00249752 were adopted into Windows 7 allowing for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00881-00249753-00249998 50 points cursors all controlled by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00882-00249998-00250358 independent users the new input points
yyoLx_kGHRE-00883-00250359-00250580 provide traditional Mouse input however
yyoLx_kGHRE-00884-00250581-00250787 they were designed with other input
yyoLx_kGHRE-00885-00250788-00251038 technologies like touch an image in mind
yyoLx_kGHRE-00886-00251039-00251321 they inherently offer 3d co-ordinates
yyoLx_kGHRE-00887-00251321-00251684 along with pressure size tilt angle mask
yyoLx_kGHRE-00888-00251685-00251927 and even an image bitmap to see and
yyoLx_kGHRE-00889-00251928-00252173 recognize the input point object on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00890-00252173-00252638 screen as of 2009 Linux distributions
yyoLx_kGHRE-00891-00252639-00252881 and other operating systems that use X
yyoLx_kGHRE-00892-00252882-00253178 org such as opensolaris and freebsd
yyoLx_kGHRE-00893-00253179-00253571 support 255 cursors input points through
yyoLx_kGHRE-00894-00253571-00253819 multi pointer x however currently no
yyoLx_kGHRE-00895-00253821-00254075 window managers support multi pointer X
yyoLx_kGHRE-00896-00254076-00254248 leaving it relegated to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00897-00254250-00254596 and software usage there have also been
yyoLx_kGHRE-00898-00254596-00254848 propositions of having a single operator
yyoLx_kGHRE-00899-00254850-00255107 used two mice simultaneously as a more
yyoLx_kGHRE-00900-00255108-00255305 sophisticated means of controlling
yyoLx_kGHRE-00901-00255306-00255514 various graphics and multimedia
yyoLx_kGHRE-00902-00255515-00256164 applications
yyoLx_kGHRE-00903-00256165-00256719 topic buttons
yyoLx_kGHRE-00904-00256719-00256973 mouse buttons are micro switches which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00905-00256975-00257178 can be pressed to select or interact
yyoLx_kGHRE-00906-00257179-00257342 with an element of a graphical user
yyoLx_kGHRE-00907-00257344-00257580 interface producing a distinctive
yyoLx_kGHRE-00908-00257581-00257915 clicking sound since around the late
yyoLx_kGHRE-00909-00257916-00258210 1990s the three button scroll Mouse has
yyoLx_kGHRE-00910-00258211-00258555 become the de facto standard users most
yyoLx_kGHRE-00911-00258556-00258773 commonly employ the second button to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00912-00258775-00258969 invoke a contextual menu in the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00913-00258969-00259215 computers software user interface which
yyoLx_kGHRE-00914-00259216-00259446 contains options specifically tailored
yyoLx_kGHRE-00915-00259446-00259659 to the interface element over which the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00916-00259660-00259994 mouse cursor currently sits by default
yyoLx_kGHRE-00917-00259996-00260265 the primary mouse button sits located on
yyoLx_kGHRE-00918-00260266-00260471 the left hand side of the mouse for the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00919-00260473-00260633 benefit of right-handed users
yyoLx_kGHRE-00920-00260634-00260880 left-handed users can usually reverse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00921-00260881-00261627 this configuration via software
yyoLx_kGHRE-00922-00261628-00262170 topic scrolling
yyoLx_kGHRE-00923-00262171-00262425 nearly all mice now have an integrated
yyoLx_kGHRE-00924-00262426-00262671 input primarily intended for scrolling
yyoLx_kGHRE-00925-00262672-00262934 on top usually a single axis digital
yyoLx_kGHRE-00926-00262935-00263142 wheel or rocker switch which can also be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00927-00263143-00263351 depressed to act as a third button
yyoLx_kGHRE-00928-00263352-00263633 though less common many mice instead
yyoLx_kGHRE-00929-00263634-00263877 have two axis inputs such as a tilt
yyoLx_kGHRE-00930-00263878-00264643 table wheel trackball or touchpad
yyoLx_kGHRE-00931-00264644-00265210 topic Mouse speed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00932-00265211-00265450 Niki's per second is a unit of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00933-00265451-00265639 measurement for the speed and movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00934-00265640-00265831 direction of a computer mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00935-00265832-00266082 where Direction is often expressed as
yyoLx_kGHRE-00936-00266083-00266605 horizontal versus vertical Mickey count
yyoLx_kGHRE-00937-00266606-00266875 however speed can also refer to the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00938-00266876-00267133 ratio between how many pixels the cursor
yyoLx_kGHRE-00939-00267134-00267325 moves on the screen and how far the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00940-00267326-00267547 mouse moves on the mousepad which may be
yyoLx_kGHRE-00941-00267548-00267799 expressed as pixels per Mickey pixels
yyoLx_kGHRE-00942-00267800-00268171 per inch or pixels per centimeter the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00943-00268172-00268387 computer industry often measures mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00944-00268388-00268645 sensitivity in terms of counts per inch
yyoLx_kGHRE-00945-00268646-00268909 CPI commonly expressed as dots per inch
yyoLx_kGHRE-00946-00268910-00269194 dpi the number of steps the mouse will
yyoLx_kGHRE-00947-00269195-00269506 report when it moves one inch in early
yyoLx_kGHRE-00948-00269507-00269737 mice this specification was called
yyoLx_kGHRE-00949-00269738-00270055 pulses per inch PPI the Mickey
yyoLx_kGHRE-00950-00270056-00270229 originally referred to one of these
yyoLx_kGHRE-00951-00270230-00270502 counts or one resolvable step of motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00952-00270503-00270808 if the default Mouse tracking condition
yyoLx_kGHRE-00953-00270809-00271042 involves moving the cursor by one screen
yyoLx_kGHRE-00954-00271043-00271306 pixel or dot on screen per reported step
yyoLx_kGHRE-00955-00271307-00271630 then the CPI does equate to dpi dots of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00956-00271631-00271869 cursor motion per inch of mouse motion
yyoLx_kGHRE-00957-00271870-00272223 the CPI or dpi as reported by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00958-00272224-00272452 manufacturers depends on how they make
yyoLx_kGHRE-00959-00272453-00272743 the mouse the higher the CPI the faster
yyoLx_kGHRE-00960-00272744-00272961 the cursor moves with mouse movement
yyoLx_kGHRE-00961-00272962-00273268 however software can adjust the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00962-00273269-00273505 sensitivity making the cursor move
yyoLx_kGHRE-00963-00273506-00273856 faster or slower than its CPI current
yyoLx_kGHRE-00964-00273857-00274051 software can change the speed of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00965-00274052-00274261 cursor dynamically taking into account
yyoLx_kGHRE-00966-00274262-00274495 the mouse's absolute speed and the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00967-00274496-00274783 movement from the last stop point in
yyoLx_kGHRE-00968-00274784-00275014 most software an example being the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00969-00275015-00275274 Windows platforms this setting is named
yyoLx_kGHRE-00970-00275275-00275745 speed referring to cursor precision
yyoLx_kGHRE-00971-00275746-00276079 however some operating systems name this
yyoLx_kGHRE-00972-00276080-00276457 setting acceleration the typical Apple
yyoLx_kGHRE-00973-00276458-00276775 OS designation this term is incorrect
yyoLx_kGHRE-00974-00276776-00277024 Mouse acceleration in most mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00975-00277025-00277264 software refers to the change in speed
yyoLx_kGHRE-00976-00277265-00277468 of the cursor over time while the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-00977-00277469-00277858 movement is constant for simple software
yyoLx_kGHRE-00978-00277859-00278065 when the mouse starts to move the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00979-00278066-00278335 software will count the number of counts
yyoLx_kGHRE-00980-00278336-00278609 or Mickey's
yyoLx_kGHRE-00981-00278610-00278795 received from the mouse and will move
yyoLx_kGHRE-00982-00278796-00278993 the cursor across the screen by that
yyoLx_kGHRE-00983-00278994-00279254 number of pixels or multiplied by a rate
yyoLx_kGHRE-00984-00279255-00279557 factor typically less than one the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00985-00279558-00279761 cursor will move slowly on the screen
yyoLx_kGHRE-00986-00279762-00280079 with good precision when the movement of
yyoLx_kGHRE-00987-00280080-00280304 the mouse passes the value set for some
yyoLx_kGHRE-00988-00280305-00280520 threshold the software will start to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00989-00280521-00280718 move the cursor faster with a greater
yyoLx_kGHRE-00990-00280719-00281099 rate factor usually the user can set the
yyoLx_kGHRE-00991-00281100-00281300 value of the second rate factor by
yyoLx_kGHRE-00992-00281301-00281746 changing their acceleration setting
yyoLx_kGHRE-00993-00281747-00282002 operating systems sometimes apply
yyoLx_kGHRE-00994-00282003-00282325 acceleration referred to as ballistics
yyoLx_kGHRE-00995-00282326-00282701 to the motion reported by the mouse for
yyoLx_kGHRE-00996-00282702-00282953 example versions of Windows prior to
yyoLx_kGHRE-00997-00282954-00283220 Windows XP doubled reported values above
yyoLx_kGHRE-00998-00283221-00283409 a configurable threshold and then
yyoLx_kGHRE-00999-00283410-00283592 optionally double them again above a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01000-00283593-00283886 second configurable threshold these
yyoLx_kGHRE-01001-00283887-00284111 doublings applied separately in the X
yyoLx_kGHRE-01002-00284112-00284354 and y directions resulting in very
yyoLx_kGHRE-01003-00284355-00285030 nonlinear response
yyoLx_kGHRE-01004-00285031-00285607 topic mousepads
yyoLx_kGHRE-01005-00285608-00285853 angle Bart's original Mouse did not
yyoLx_kGHRE-01006-00285854-00286091 require a mousepad the mouse had two
yyoLx_kGHRE-01007-00286092-00286252 large wheels which could roll on
yyoLx_kGHRE-01008-00286253-00286597 virtually any surface however most
yyoLx_kGHRE-01009-00286598-00286843 subsequent mechanical mice starting with
yyoLx_kGHRE-01010-00286844-00287053 the steel rollerball mouse have required
yyoLx_kGHRE-01011-00287054-00287425 a mousepad for optimal performance the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01012-00287426-00287489 mousepad
yyoLx_kGHRE-01013-00287490-00287734 the most common Mouse accessory appears
yyoLx_kGHRE-01014-00287735-00287912 most commonly in conjunction with
yyoLx_kGHRE-01015-00287913-00288164 mechanical mice because to roll smoothly
yyoLx_kGHRE-01016-00288165-00288355 the ball requires more friction than
yyoLx_kGHRE-01017-00288356-00288672 common desk surfaces usually provide
yyoLx_kGHRE-01018-00288673-00289117 so-called hard mouse pads for gamers or
yyoLx_kGHRE-01019-00289118-00289517 optical laser mice also exist most
yyoLx_kGHRE-01020-00289518-00289759 optical and Laser mice do not require a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01021-00289760-00290029 pad whether to use a hard or soft
yyoLx_kGHRE-01022-00290030-00290237 mousepad with an optical mouse is
yyoLx_kGHRE-01023-00290238-00290496 largely a matter of personal preference
yyoLx_kGHRE-01024-00290497-00290765 one exception occurs when the desk
yyoLx_kGHRE-01025-00290766-00291007 surface creates problems for the optical
yyoLx_kGHRE-01026-00291008-00291220 or laser tracking for example a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01027-00291221-00291985 transparent or reflective surface
yyoLx_kGHRE-01028-00291986-00292594 topic in the marketplace
yyoLx_kGHRE-01029-00292595-00292983 around 1981 xerox included mice with its
yyoLx_kGHRE-01030-00292984-00293227 xeroxed are based on the mouse used in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01031-00293228-00293545 the 1970s on the alto computer at Xerox
yyoLx_kGHRE-01032-00293546-00293829 PARC Sun Microsystems
yyoLx_kGHRE-01033-00293830-00294070 symbolics Lisp machines ink and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01034-00294071-00294322 Tektronix also shipped workstations with
yyoLx_kGHRE-01035-00294323-00294708 mice starting in about 1981 later
yyoLx_kGHRE-01036-00294709-00294994 inspired by the star Apple Computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-01037-00294995-00295230 released the Apple Lisa which also used
yyoLx_kGHRE-01038-00295231-00295578 a mouse however none of these products
yyoLx_kGHRE-01039-00295579-00295881 achieved large-scale success only with
yyoLx_kGHRE-01040-00295882-00296079 the release of the Apple Macintosh in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01041-00296080-00296347 1984 did the mouse see widespread use
yyoLx_kGHRE-01042-00296348-00296602 the Macintosh design commercially
yyoLx_kGHRE-01043-00296603-00296832 successful and technically influential
yyoLx_kGHRE-01044-00296833-00297022 led many other vendors to begin
yyoLx_kGHRE-01045-00297023-00297226 producing mice or including them with
yyoLx_kGHRE-01046-00297227-00297502 their other computer products by 1986
yyoLx_kGHRE-01047-00297503-00297922 Atari Street Amiga Windows 1.0 Geo's for
yyoLx_kGHRE-01048-00297923-00298257 the Commodore 64 and the Apple IIgs the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01049-00298258-00298441 widespread adoption of graphical user
yyoLx_kGHRE-01050-00298442-00298738 interfaces in the software of the 1980s
yyoLx_kGHRE-01051-00298739-00299050 and 1990s made my sorbets indispensable
yyoLx_kGHRE-01052-00299051-00299371 for controlling computers in November
yyoLx_kGHRE-01053-00299372-00299644 2008 Logitech built their billionth
yyoLx_kGHRE-01054-00299645-00300233 Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01055-00300234-00300849 topic use in games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01056-00300850-00301119 they're classic Mac OS desk accessory
yyoLx_kGHRE-01057-00301120-00301395 puzzle in 1984 was the first game
yyoLx_kGHRE-01058-00301396-00301719 designed specifically for a mouse the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01059-00301720-00301950 device often functions as an interface
yyoLx_kGHRE-01060-00301951-00302190 for PC based computer games and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01061-00302191-00302937 sometimes for video game consoles
yyoLx_kGHRE-01062-00302938-00303591 topic first-person shooters
yyoLx_kGHRE-01063-00303592-00303847 FPSs naturally lend themselves to
yyoLx_kGHRE-01064-00303848-00304108 separate and simultaneous control of the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01065-00304109-00304354 players movement a name and on computers
yyoLx_kGHRE-01066-00304355-00304540 this has traditionally been achieved
yyoLx_kGHRE-01067-00304541-00304821 with a combination of keyboard and mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01068-00304822-00305134 players use the x axis of the mouse for
yyoLx_kGHRE-01069-00305135-00305362 looking or turning left and right and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01070-00305363-00305611 the y axis for looking up and down the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01071-00305612-00305800 keyboard is used for movement and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01072-00305801-00306193 supplemental inputs many shooting genre
yyoLx_kGHRE-01073-00306194-00306412 players prefer a mouse over a gamepad
yyoLx_kGHRE-01074-00306413-00306610 analog stick because the mouse is a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01075-00306611-00306850 linear input device which allows for
yyoLx_kGHRE-01076-00306851-00307195 fast and precise control holding a stick
yyoLx_kGHRE-01077-00307196-00307381 in a given position produces a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01078-00307382-00307591 corresponding constant movement or
yyoLx_kGHRE-01079-00307592-00307864 rotation ie the output is an integral of
yyoLx_kGHRE-01080-00307865-00308098 the users input and requires that time
yyoLx_kGHRE-01081-00308099-00308290 be spent moving to or from its null
yyoLx_kGHRE-01082-00308291-00308518 position before this input can be given
yyoLx_kGHRE-01083-00308519-00308740 in contrast the output of a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01084-00308741-00309007 directly and instantaneously corresponds
yyoLx_kGHRE-01085-00309008-00309196 to how far it is moved in a given
yyoLx_kGHRE-01086-00309197-00309468 Direction often multiplied by an
yyoLx_kGHRE-01087-00309469-00309775 acceleration factor derived from how
yyoLx_kGHRE-01088-00309776-00310054 quickly the mouse is moved the effect of
yyoLx_kGHRE-01089-00310055-00310246 this is that a mouse is well suited to
yyoLx_kGHRE-01090-00310247-00310516 small precise movements large quick
yyoLx_kGHRE-01091-00310517-00310744 movements and immediate responsive
yyoLx_kGHRE-01092-00310745-00310963 movements all of which are important in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01093-00310964-00311260 shooter gaming this advantage also
yyoLx_kGHRE-01094-00311261-00311518 extends in varying degrees to similar
yyoLx_kGHRE-01095-00311519-00311701 game styles such as third-person
yyoLx_kGHRE-01096-00311702-00312064 shooters some incorrectly ported games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01097-00312065-00312328 or game engines have acceleration and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01098-00312329-00312477 interpolation curves which
yyoLx_kGHRE-01099-00312478-00312685 unintentionally produce excessive
yyoLx_kGHRE-01100-00312686-00312904 irregular or even negative acceleration
yyoLx_kGHRE-01101-00312905-00313147 when used with a mouse instead of their
yyoLx_kGHRE-01102-00313148-00313384 native platforms non mouse default input
yyoLx_kGHRE-01103-00313385-00313684 device depending on how deeply
yyoLx_kGHRE-01104-00313685-00313945 hard-coded this misbehavior is internal
yyoLx_kGHRE-01105-00313946-00314182 user patches or external third-party
yyoLx_kGHRE-01106-00314183-00314404 software may be able to fix it due to
yyoLx_kGHRE-01107-00314405-00314611 the similarity to the WIMP desktop
yyoLx_kGHRE-01108-00314612-00314824 metaphor interface for which mice were
yyoLx_kGHRE-01109-00314825-00315016 originally designed and to their own
yyoLx_kGHRE-01110-00315017-00315304 tabletop game origins computer strategy
yyoLx_kGHRE-01111-00315305-00315525 games are most commonly played with mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-01112-00315526-00315898 in particular realtime strategy and MOBA
yyoLx_kGHRE-01113-00315899-00316191 games usually require the use of a mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01114-00316192-00316537 the left button usually controls primary
yyoLx_kGHRE-01115-00316538-00316843 fire if the game supports multiple fire
yyoLx_kGHRE-01116-00316844-00316918 modes
yyoLx_kGHRE-01117-00316919-00317065 the right button often provides
yyoLx_kGHRE-01118-00317066-00317328 secondary fire from the selected weapon
yyoLx_kGHRE-01119-00317329-00317641 games with only a single fire mode will
yyoLx_kGHRE-01120-00317642-00317875 generally map secondary fire to iron
yyoLx_kGHRE-01121-00317876-00318214 sights in some games the right button
yyoLx_kGHRE-01122-00318215-00318412 may also invoke accessories for a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01123-00318413-00318601 particular weapon such as allowing
yyoLx_kGHRE-01124-00318602-00318853 access to the scope of a sniper rifle or
yyoLx_kGHRE-01125-00318854-00319051 allowing the mounting of a bayonet or
yyoLx_kGHRE-01126-00319052-00319420 silencer gamers can use a scroll wheel
yyoLx_kGHRE-01127-00319421-00319645 for changing weapons or for controlling
yyoLx_kGHRE-01128-00319646-00319903 scope zoom magnification in older games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01129-00319904-00320232 on most first-person shooter games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01130-00320233-00320449 programming may also assign more
yyoLx_kGHRE-01131-00320450-00320680 functions to additional buttons on mice
yyoLx_kGHRE-01132-00320681-00321019 with more than three controls a keyboard
yyoLx_kGHRE-01133-00321020-00321291 usually controls movement for example
yyoLx_kGHRE-01134-00321292-00321604 WASD for moving forward left backward
yyoLx_kGHRE-01135-00321605-00321787 and right respectively and other
yyoLx_kGHRE-01136-00321788-00322126 functions such as changing posture since
yyoLx_kGHRE-01137-00322127-00322351 the mouse serves for aiming a mouse that
yyoLx_kGHRE-01138-00322352-00322557 tracks movement accurately and with less
yyoLx_kGHRE-01139-00322558-00322782 lag latency will give a player an
yyoLx_kGHRE-01140-00322783-00322942 advantage over players with less
yyoLx_kGHRE-01141-00322943-00323317 accurate or slower mice in some cases
yyoLx_kGHRE-01142-00323318-00323515 the right mouse button may be used to
yyoLx_kGHRE-01143-00323516-00323725 move the player forward either in lieu
yyoLx_kGHRE-01144-00323726-00323943 of or in conjunction with the typical
yyoLx_kGHRE-01145-00323944-00324388 WASD configuration many games provide
yyoLx_kGHRE-01146-00324389-00324592 players with the option of mapping their
yyoLx_kGHRE-01147-00324593-00324787 own choice of a key or button to a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01148-00324788-00325107 certain control an early technique of
yyoLx_kGHRE-01149-00325108-00325375 players circle strafing saw a player
yyoLx_kGHRE-01150-00325376-00325608 continuously strafing while aiming and
yyoLx_kGHRE-01151-00325609-00325813 shooting at an opponent by walking in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01152-00325814-00325996 circle around the opponent with the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01153-00325997-00326210 opponent at the center of the circle
yyoLx_kGHRE-01154-00326211-00326484 players could achieve this by holding
yyoLx_kGHRE-01155-00326485-00326650 down a key for strafing while
yyoLx_kGHRE-01156-00326651-00326835 continuously aiming the mouse towards
yyoLx_kGHRE-01157-00326836-00327258 the opponent games using mice for input
yyoLx_kGHRE-01158-00327259-00327487 are so popular that many manufacturers
yyoLx_kGHRE-01159-00327488-00327831 make mice specifically for gaming such
yyoLx_kGHRE-01160-00327832-00328065 mice may feature adjustable weights
yyoLx_kGHRE-01161-00328066-00328255 high-resolution optical or laser
yyoLx_kGHRE-01162-00328256-00328477 components additional buttons
yyoLx_kGHRE-01163-00328478-00328714 ergonomic shape and other features such
yyoLx_kGHRE-01164-00328715-00329071 as adjustable CPI Mouse sponges are
yyoLx_kGHRE-01165-00329072-00329296 typically used with gaming mice because
yyoLx_kGHRE-01166-00329297-00329568 it eliminates the annoyance of the cable
yyoLx_kGHRE-01167-00329569-00329877 many games such as first or third person
yyoLx_kGHRE-01168-00329878-00330196 shooters have a setting named invert
yyoLx_kGHRE-01169-00330197-00330301 Mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01170-00330302-00330622 or similar not to be confused with but
yyoLx_kGHRE-01171-00330623-00330928 an inversion sometimes performed by
yyoLx_kGHRE-01172-00330929-00331168 left-handed users which allows the user
yyoLx_kGHRE-01173-00331169-00331335 to look downward by moving the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01174-00331336-00331546 forward and upward by moving the mouse
yyoLx_kGHRE-01175-00331547-00331771 backward the opposite of non inverted
yyoLx_kGHRE-01176-00331772-00332116 movement this control system resembles
yyoLx_kGHRE-01177-00332117-00332338 that of aircraft control sticks we're
yyoLx_kGHRE-01178-00332339-00332551 pulling back causes pitch up and pushing
yyoLx_kGHRE-01179-00332552-00332758 forward causes pitch down computer
yyoLx_kGHRE-01180-00332759-00332992 joysticks also typically emulate this
yyoLx_kGHRE-01181-00332993-00333322 control configuration after it's
yyoLx_kGHRE-01182-00333323-00333544 software's commercial hit of doom which
yyoLx_kGHRE-01183-00333545-00333714 did not support vertical aiming
yyoLx_kGHRE-01184-00333715-00333979 competitor bungees marathon became the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01185-00333980-00334198 first first-person shooter to support
yyoLx_kGHRE-01186-00334199-00334513 using the mouse to aim up and down games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01187-00334514-00334738 using the build engine had an option to
yyoLx_kGHRE-01188-00334739-00335230 invert the y-axis the invert feature
yyoLx_kGHRE-01189-00335231-00335440 actually made the mouse behave in a
yyoLx_kGHRE-01190-00335441-00335644 manner that uses now regard as non
yyoLx_kGHRE-01191-00335645-00335902 inverted by default moving mouse forward
yyoLx_kGHRE-01192-00335903-00336265 resulted in looking down soon after its
yyoLx_kGHRE-01193-00336266-00336502 software released quake which introduced
yyoLx_kGHRE-01194-00336503-00337252 the invert feature as users now know it
yyoLx_kGHRE-01195-00337253-00337833 topic home consoles
yyoLx_kGHRE-01196-00337834-00338232 in 1988 the VTech Socrates educational
yyoLx_kGHRE-01197-00338233-00338467 video game console featured a wireless
yyoLx_kGHRE-01198-00338468-00338685 mouse with an attached mousepad as an
yyoLx_kGHRE-01199-00338686-00338916 optional controller used for some games
yyoLx_kGHRE-01200-00338917-00339273 in the early 1990s the Super Nintendo
yyoLx_kGHRE-01201-00339274-00339565 Entertainment System video game system
yyoLx_kGHRE-01202-00339566-00339753 featured a mouse in addition to its
yyoLx_kGHRE-01203-00339754-00340068 controllers the Mario Paint game in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01204-00340069-00340318 particular used the mouse's capabilities
yyoLx_kGHRE-01205-00340319-00340722 as did its successor on the n64 Sega
yyoLx_kGHRE-01206-00340723-00340935 released official mice for their Genesis
yyoLx_kGHRE-01207-00340936-00341282 mega drive saturn and dreamcast consoles
yyoLx_kGHRE-01208-00341283-00341643 NEC sold official mice for its pc engine
yyoLx_kGHRE-01209-00341644-00342037 and pc FX consoles Sony released an
yyoLx_kGHRE-01210-00342038-00342187 official mouse product for the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01211-00342188-00342420 PlayStation console included 1 along
yyoLx_kGHRE-01212-00342421-00342664 with the Linux for PlayStation 2 kit as
yyoLx_kGHRE-01213-00342665-00342894 well as allowing owners to use virtually
yyoLx_kGHRE-01214-00342895-00343376 any USB mouse with the ps2 ps3 and ps4
yyoLx_kGHRE-01215-00343377-00343639 Nintendo's Wii also had this added on in
yyoLx_kGHRE-01216-00343640-00343891 a latest software update retained on the
yyoLx_kGHRE-01217-00343892-00344502 Wii U equals equals see also
yz0aegPeeQY-00000-00000319-00000630 here's a flowchart of a while loop
yz0aegPeeQY-00001-00000631-00001015 it starts by testing a condition
yz0aegPeeQY-00002-00001016-00001215 if the condition is true
yz0aegPeeQY-00003-00001216-00001543 we do the loop body
yz0aegPeeQY-00004-00001544-00001775 and then we loop back
yz0aegPeeQY-00005-00001776-00002079 to test the condition again
yz0aegPeeQY-00006-00002080-00002263 as long as it's true
yz0aegPeeQY-00007-00002264-00002623 we continue to do the loop body
yz0aegPeeQY-00008-00002624-00002883 and go back to test the condition
yz0aegPeeQY-00009-00002884-00003191 again when the condition becomes false
yz0aegPeeQY-00010-00003192-00003470 the loop is concluded
yz0aegPeeQY-00011-00003471-00003695 here's how we write this while loop in
yz0aegPeeQY-00012-00003696-00004063 java
yz0aegPeeQY-00013-00004064-00004247 and here's an example of a program that
yz0aegPeeQY-00014-00004248-00004463 uses a while
yz0aegPeeQY-00015-00004464-00004702 we want to find the value of n for which
yz0aegPeeQY-00016-00004703-00004991 the sum of squares up to and including n
yz0aegPeeQY-00017-00004992-00005286 is greater than or equal to one hundred
yz0aegPeeQY-00018-00005287-00005511 here's the flowchart
yz0aegPeeQY-00019-00005512-00005743 we start by setting n and the sum of
yz0aegPeeQY-00020-00005744-00005975 squares to zero
yz0aegPeeQY-00021-00005976-00006183 if the sum of squares is less than one
yz0aegPeeQY-00022-00006184-00006414 hundred
yz0aegPeeQY-00023-00006415-00006646 we have to add one to n
yz0aegPeeQY-00024-00006647-00006910 add n squared to the sum
yz0aegPeeQY-00025-00006911-00007087 and then to see how the loop is
yz0aegPeeQY-00026-00007088-00007359 progressing we print them
yz0aegPeeQY-00027-00007359-00007623 we loop back to the condition
yz0aegPeeQY-00028-00007623-00007855 eventually the sum of squares will not
yz0aegPeeQY-00029-00007856-00008055 be less than 100
yz0aegPeeQY-00030-00008056-00008263 we will have achieved our goal and we
yz0aegPeeQY-00031-00008264-00008759 can print the answer
yz0aegPeeQY-00032-00008760-00009095 here's the java program
yz0aegPeeQY-00033-00009096-00009367 in lines 12 and 13 we initialize our
yz0aegPeeQY-00034-00009368-00009623 variables
yz0aegPeeQY-00035-00009624-00009935 line 15 begins the while
yz0aegPeeQY-00036-00009936-00010271 where we test the condition
yz0aegPeeQY-00037-00010272-00010478 the parentheses around the condition are
yz0aegPeeQY-00038-00010479-00010638 required
yz0aegPeeQY-00039-00010639-00010806 by convention
yz0aegPeeQY-00040-00010807-00011183 the word while is followed by a space
yz0aegPeeQY-00041-00011184-00011551 at the moment the sum of squares is zero
yz0aegPeeQY-00042-00011552-00011783 the condition zero less than one hundred
yz0aegPeeQY-00043-00011784-00011951 is true
yz0aegPeeQY-00044-00011952-00012174 so we do the loop body
yz0aegPeeQY-00045-00012175-00012383 n becomes one
yz0aegPeeQY-00046-00012384-00012655 zero plus one times one is one which
yz0aegPeeQY-00047-00012656-00012910 becomes our new sum of squares
yz0aegPeeQY-00048-00012911-00013135 and to show that the loop is proceeding
yz0aegPeeQY-00049-00013136-00013447 we print them out
yz0aegPeeQY-00050-00013447-00013758 java loops back to the condition
yz0aegPeeQY-00051-00013759-00014047 1 less than 100 is true
yz0aegPeeQY-00052-00014047-00014271 we do the loop body again
yz0aegPeeQY-00053-00014272-00014503 and n becomes two
yz0aegPeeQY-00054-00014504-00014838 one plus two times two is five
yz0aegPeeQY-00055-00014840-00015086 the new sum of squares
yz0aegPeeQY-00056-00015087-00015294 we print them
yz0aegPeeQY-00057-00015295-00015647 and loop back to the condition yet again
yz0aegPeeQY-00058-00015647-00015871 this process continues as long as the
yz0aegPeeQY-00059-00015872-00016166 sum of squares is less than one hundred
yz0aegPeeQY-00060-00016168-00016366 at some point the condition will be
yz0aegPeeQY-00061-00016368-00016575 false the sum of squares will be greater
yz0aegPeeQY-00062-00016576-00016791 than or equal to one hundred
yz0aegPeeQY-00063-00016792-00017079 the while loop will conclude and java
yz0aegPeeQY-00064-00017080-00017439 continues on lines 21 and 22 to print
yz0aegPeeQY-00065-00017440-00017879 the answer properly labeled
yz0aegPeeQY-00066-00017880-00018047 let's give ourselves some room to see
yz0aegPeeQY-00067-00018048-00018447 this in action
yz0aegPeeQY-00068-00018448-00018719 and run the program
yz0aegPeeQY-00069-00018720-00019079 there's the output from inside the loop
yz0aegPeeQY-00070-00019080-00019294 and there's the answer that we got after
yz0aegPeeQY-00071-00019295-00019750 the loop was concluded
yz0aegPeeQY-00072-00019751-00020228 and that is a while loop in java
yz-lbO6mk-k-00000-00000057-00000254 already y'all going to Griffin here
yz-lbO6mk-k-00001-00000256-00000515 signing out
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00000-00001479-00001713 I'm Chris Seaton this is a talk about
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00001-00001714-00001926 rubies see extension problem and how
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00002-00001927-00002142 we're solving it I work for Oracle I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00003-00002143-00002322 work on a new implementation of Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00004-00002323-00002526 called JRuby truffle I'll talk a bit
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00005-00002527-00002724 about what JRuby truffle is and our
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00006-00002725-00002889 progress on it but many things are about
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00007-00002890-00003135 is the C extension problem depends why
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00008-00003136-00003256 it is we need to solve it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00009-00003257-00003459 Oracle once you know this is just a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00010-00003460-00003618 research project you shouldn't buy
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00011-00003619-00003810 anything from Oracle based on this being
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00012-00003811-00004035 a real project that you can use it is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00013-00004036-00004379 just research it suppose we want to make
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00014-00004380-00004515 Ruby faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00015-00004516-00004734 lots of people run applications and they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00016-00004735-00004869 see them not running as fast it like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00017-00004870-00005013 maybe they're moving to other languages
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00018-00005014-00005139 because they aren't as fast as they'd
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00019-00005140-00005288 like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00020-00005289-00005562 MRI the main Ruby project they've been
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00021-00005563-00005745 trying at racing just in the past
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00022-00005746-00005955 they're trying a D optimization engine
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00023-00005956-00006147 their plan to make Ruby three times
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00024-00006148-00006477 faster by Ruby 3.0 if they can J we have
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00025-00006478-00006606 always been trying to make Ruby fast
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00026-00006606-00006746 certainly running on the JVM and they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00027-00006747-00006930 use the optimizations that gives you to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00028-00006931-00007113 make it faster and Rubinius
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00029-00007114-00007398 uses LLVM to make Ruby faster it's a JIT
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00030-00007398-00007713 written in C++ at Bayer have hired
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00031-00007714-00007898 someone a ruby fellow to make Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00032-00007900-00008131 faster in the past some of you may be
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00033-00008133-00008331 newer to the Ruby community so don't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00034-00008332-00008433 remember there was a project called
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00035-00008434-00008621 maglev which was another alternative
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00036-00008622-00008789 implementation when we need to make it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00037-00008790-00009045 faster and even IBM are now working on
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00038-00009046-00009267 its with OMR which is another plan to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00039-00009268-00009468 make MRI faster and these are all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00040-00009469-00009678 applying optimizations new ideas about
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00041-00009679-00009834 how to represent route programs that how
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00042-00009835-00010131 to make them faster but the traditional
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00043-00010132-00010380 way to make Ruby faster that works today
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00044-00010381-00010535 and people have been using for years is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00045-00010536-00010818 to use C extensions the idea is that you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00046-00010819-00011003 have a ruby program that's running on
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00047-00011004-00011228 the Ruby interpreter and you can write
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00048-00011229-00011442 an extension to the Ruby interpreter in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00049-00011443-00011660 C and you can pile that with a C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00050-00011661-00011828 compiler like you normally would and you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00051-00011829-00012123 get a binary library which you can plug
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00052-00012124-00012414 into Ruby and this extends the Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00053-00012415-00012594 interpreter effectively and gives you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00054-00012595-00012813 new methods that are they appear as if
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00055-00012813-00012933 they were written in the core library
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00056-00012934-00013130 and you can use those from your Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00057-00013131-00013333 program and they're about as fast as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00058-00013334-00013566 methods written in the core library and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00059-00013566-00013728 which historically has been pretty good
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00060-00013729-00013880 performance there's been an effective
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00061-00013881-00014111 way to increase the performance of Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00062-00014112-00014375 I'll give you example of what that looks
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00063-00014376-00014486 like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00064-00014487-00014811 we have here a clamp routine so it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00065-00014812-00015014 clamps a number between a minimum and a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00066-00015015-00015203 maximum this is taken from some real
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00067-00015204-00015453 code a library chords PSD to our beef
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00068-00015454-00015767 processing Photoshop files and this is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00069-00015768-00015936 slow and it's slow because it does lots
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00070-00015937-00016158 of things it creates an array of minimum
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00071-00016159-00016389 the number in the maximum it sorts it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00072-00016390-00016602 which creates another array and then
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00073-00016603-00016836 indexes it to take the middle one this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00074-00016837-00016997 is an effective way of getting a number
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00075-00016998-00017280 clamped between two values but it's slow
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00076-00017281-00017687 so what PSD Darby provides a six tantrum
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00077-00017688-00017942 called PSD native and in this one they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00078-00017943-00018233 write it in C code instead so this is AC
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00079-00018234-00018467 function it takes parameters and it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00080-00018468-00018627 takes it makes the the self parameter
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00081-00018628-00018962 explicit in C they convert the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00082-00018963-00019172 parameters from Ruby numbers to see
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00083-00019173-00019361 numbers and then they use some simple c
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00084-00019362-00019614 logic to work out the the value clamped
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00085-00019615-00019752 between the two and that's faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00086-00019753-00019850 because it doesn't do things like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00087-00019851-00020022 allocations it doesn't run a sword
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00088-00020023-00020315 routine and therefore that is an
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00089-00020316-00020642 effective way to make that faster but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00090-00020643-00020867 six tensions hold us back they've been
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00091-00020868-00020993 an effective way to increase the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00092-00020994-00021242 performance of Ruby so far but there are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00093-00021243-00021494 some really key problems with them this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00094-00021495-00021702 is the model people have of C extensions
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00095-00021703-00021936 in their head they think there's the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00096-00021937-00022086 Ruby in scepter they think there's the C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00097-00022087-00022268 extension API and then they write their
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00098-00022269-00022461 C extension and they assume that the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00099-00022462-00022622 communication between the two is nice
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00100-00022623-00022808 and ordered and goes through a proper
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00101-00022809-00023196 interface to find in Ruby dot H and they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00102-00023197-00023375 assume that other implementations can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00103-00023376-00023519 use that say assume that if you've got
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00104-00023520-00023699 an API you can just swap out underneath
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00105-00023700-00023928 what you're using so they think JRuby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00106-00023929-00024033 should be able to implement that and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00107-00024034-00024177 Rubinius should be able to implement it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00108-00024178-00024419 and Rubinius is written in C++ which is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00109-00024420-00024617 similar to C anyway so it really seems
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00110-00024618-00024792 like it should be able to just plug in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00111-00024793-00025100 effectively but the bad news is that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00112-00025101-00025343 isn't a thing in practice there is no
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00113-00025344-00025643 Ruby API all there is is the entire
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00114-00025644-00025883 internals of Ruby dumped out into a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00115-00025884-00026156 header file and you can use any parts of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00116-00026157-00026333 the internals of Rubin you can poke
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00117-00026334-00026610 around you can do anything
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00118-00026611-00026805 andreotti it's much more like this the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00119-00026806-00027102 six tension has thousands upon thousands
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00120-00027102-00027264 of ways to reach right into the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00121-00027264-00027417 internals around Mariah and it's really
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00122-00027418-00027654 clear how MRI works when you use the C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00123-00027655-00027741 extension API
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00124-00027742-00027962 and that's that's obviously a bad thing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00125-00027963-00028227 when other implementations of Ruby tried
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00126-00028227-00028352 it between that state extension API
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00127-00028354-00028518 they've got all these things coming in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00128-00028519-00028722 them from all angles wanting to do all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00129-00028723-00028889 sorts of stuff and they've got no idea
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00130-00028891-00029027 about how we're gonna hook that up but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00131-00029029-00029154 how are we gonna do anything with all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00132-00029155-00029331 these calls that are demanding so much
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00133-00029332-00029633 of us and this isn't just a problem for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00134-00029635-00029814 alternative implementations of proving
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00135-00029814-00030000 this isn't the case of the alternative
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00136-00030001-00030180 implementations moaning and saying that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00137-00030181-00030336 everyone should change to suit them
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00138-00030337-00030683 because of MRI is also not able to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00139-00030685-00030912 develop and not able to become faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00140-00030913-00031155 because of these restrictions so as they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00141-00031156-00031370 try to make MRI faster for Ruby 3
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00142-00031372-00031593 they're gonna find that as they got good
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00143-00031594-00031755 ideas of things they want to change the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00144-00031756-00031977 C extension API will hold them back
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00145-00031977-00032094 because they're people trying to reach
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00146-00032095-00032325 in and use things they want to remove or
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00147-00032326-00032598 change I'll give you some concrete
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00148-00032599-00032886 examples of things which reach in and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00149-00032887-00033315 cause problems this is from open SSL so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00150-00033316-00033636 the open SSL C extension this is from
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00151-00033637-00033960 MRIs codebases a sixth-century
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00152-00033961-00034155 probe MRI so this should really be best
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00153-00034156-00034431 practice but it isn't we have this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00154-00034432-00034656 function here our string pointer which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00155-00034657-00034865 takes a ruby string and gives you the C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00156-00034866-00035157 pointer to the character data within it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00157-00035158-00035448 and this is used by opensl for example
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00158-00035449-00035649 to take thee the pointer to your
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00159-00035650-00035892 password and then to call a native code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00160-00035893-00036165 function for mayor for the open SSL API
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00161-00036166-00036423 and to do something with it and this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00162-00036424-00036663 makes sense an MRI because in MRI every
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00163-00036664-00036810 string has a character pointer
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00164-00036811-00037044 implemented in the C that has that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00165-00037045-00037239 string data in it but now the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00166-00037240-00037431 implementations of Ruby we may not want
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00167-00037432-00037581 to have a real character pointer
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00168-00037582-00037881 obviously in JRuby they have a Java byte
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00169-00037882-00038061 array which isn't the same thing as a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00170-00038062-00038325 character pointer at all and as we get
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00171-00038326-00038544 more and more optimizations it becomes
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00172-00038545-00038673 even more problematic I'll show the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00173-00038674-00038879 example later of we're trying to use and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00174-00038880-00039072 implementation of strings which isn't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00175-00039073-00039336 even a linear sequence in data so trying
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00176-00039337-00039489 to get that character pointer reaches
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00177-00039490-00039672 right in and makes loads of assumptions
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00178-00039673-00039882 about how the the data shot is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00179-00039883-00040149 implemented it's also done for a raise
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00180-00040150-00040467 so you can get the internal pointer to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00181-00040468-00040887 the values in an array and the PSD
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00182-00040888-00041042 extension uses this for his are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00183-00041043-00041264 it gets the native array which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00184-00041265-00041519 represents the pixels in an image and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00185-00041520-00041771 then processes them and this means that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00186-00041772-00041963 you're restricted to representing your
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00187-00041964-00042279 Ruby arrays as a linear sequence of very
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00188-00042280-00042614 heavyweight ruby values for numbers and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00189-00042615-00042923 we'd like to represent in arrays of just
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00190-00042924-00043124 normal numbers as simple compact arrays
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00191-00043125-00043376 of numbers but we can't if we implement
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00192-00043377-00043895 this C extension API directly the stay
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00193-00043896-00044093 extension API when I say it exposes all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00194-00044094-00044310 the internals of Ruby I even mean it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00195-00044311-00044510 exposes the internal fields of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00196-00044511-00044693 structures which represent Ruby objects
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00197-00044694-00044975 so this is our data which a data is a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00198-00044976-00045161 class in the core library and it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00199-00045162-00045374 inherits from the Ruby basic object and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00200-00045375-00045671 it has fields for any data you want to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00201-00045672-00045887 store in there and it has even C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00202-00045888-00046145 function callbacks for marking that data
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00203-00046146-00046271 and freeing it which the garbage
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00204-00046272-00046493 collector uses and then you have macros
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00205-00046494-00046724 to manage these these macros were an
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00206-00046725-00046895 effort to make the sixth engine API
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00207-00046896-00047111 better so they thought if we wrap up
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00208-00047112-00047513 accessing these fields as macros they're
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00209-00047514-00047642 making a bit of a macros in different
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00210-00047643-00047867 ways but in this case the the macro is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00211-00047868-00048023 actually used on the left-hand side of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00212-00048024-00048251 an expression so it needs to evaluate to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00213-00048252-00048452 something which is assignable so that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00214-00048453-00048810 E's in haven't hasn't helped as much and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00215-00048811-00048989 it's not just about being able to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00216-00048990-00049199 implement the the API the sixth engine
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00217-00049200-00049619 API makes C extensions slow when you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00218-00049620-00050036 call foo dot 2's in Ruby conceptually
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00219-00050037-00050375 you look up the the method to call from
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00220-00050376-00050669 that name each time you go through all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00221-00050670-00050807 the modules involved and see which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00222-00050808-00050979 method to call but in reality what we do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00223-00050980-00051299 is we cache what we found last time and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00224-00051300-00051498 use that value the next time and that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00225-00051499-00051713 happened it transparently for you but we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00226-00051714-00051854 can only do that in Ruby because we're
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00227-00051855-00052074 controlling our execution happens and in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00228-00052075-00052355 C when you call our B phone call to call
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00229-00052356-00052499 a function
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00230-00052500-00052676 there's no way to store a cache to do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00231-00052677-00052949 that this means that a method call done
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00232-00052950-00053117 in a sixth-century is actually slower
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00233-00053118-00053362 than a method called done in Ruby and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00234-00053363-00053576 ages ago in the past we didn't really
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00235-00053577-00053754 have things like inline caches and stuff
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00236-00053754-00053862 like that it worked in quite a different
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00237-00053863-00054024 way so this wasn't a problem in the past
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00238-00054025-00054222 but now it is a problem and the Ruby's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00239-00054223-00054362 third than C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00240-00054363-00054708 in terms of optimizing and providing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00241-00054709-00055038 lots of lots of clever computer science
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00242-00055039-00055166 optimizations on code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00243-00055167-00055422 thus the extensions are a black box if I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00244-00055423-00055722 look as a compiler at a code like add
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00245-00055723-00055941 where adds together two numbers and we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00246-00055941-00056145 just simply call that I can look at that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00247-00056146-00056391 and my optimizer can see that that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00248-00056391-00056673 reduces the value 16 provided some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00249-00056674-00056816 assumptions about things not being
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00250-00056817-00056982 monkey patched and stuff like that which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00251-00056983-00057120 we can we can get around using other
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00252-00057121-00057249 techniques I've talked about in the past
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00253-00057250-00057573 but the the C code is compiled to native
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00254-00057574-00057741 code ahead of time the source code is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00255-00057741-00057999 long gone and we can't inspect the the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00256-00058000-00058188 compiled machine code in any meaningful
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00257-00058189-00058653 way so I can't compile at 14 - to any
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00258-00058654-00058860 value if it's in the native code so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00259-00058861-00059019 again this makes the native code slower
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00260-00059020-00059277 than the Ruby code if we have a powerful
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00261-00059278-00059487 optimizing compiler which MRI wants to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00262-00059488-00059724 add so they're going to see this this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00263-00059725-00060096 boundary as well previous solutions to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00264-00060097-00060774 the C extinction problem so people do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00265-00060775-00060939 know this is a problem and they do want
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00266-00060940-00061365 to solve it denial
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00267-00061366-00061527 this has been the first proposed
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00268-00061528-00061836 solution to the C extension problem so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00269-00061837-00062079 FFI and fiddle are two libraries which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00270-00062079-00062253 allow you to call C functions directly
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00271-00062254-00062454 from Ruby so instead of writing C code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00272-00062454-00062640 which calls them you simply call them
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00273-00062641-00062820 directly from Ruby these are these are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00274-00062821-00063057 effective ways to write C extensions but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00275-00063058-00063195 the problem is there's there's 2.1
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00276-00063196-00063447 billion lines of code inside the ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00277-00063448-00063684 gem repositories and half a billion of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00278-00063685-00063978 it is C extensions it would be nice
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00279-00063979-00064197 perhaps if people used FF I to write C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00280-00064198-00064461 extensions but they don't so there's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00281-00064462-00064632 little point argue about it we want to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00282-00064633-00064827 run people's code today we need to run C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00283-00064828-00064974 extensions there's no point going up to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00284-00064975-00065127 them and telling them they're wrong when
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00285-00065128-00065346 they should be writing in FF I even the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00286-00065347-00065580 C extensions inside em are I don't use
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00287-00065581-00065853 the FFI so it's no point argue about
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00288-00065854-00066015 this is what the FFI looks like you can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00289-00066016-00066270 simply say I'm using this library and I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00290-00066271-00066402 want this function and these are the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00291-00066403-00066573 types and it magically appears so it is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00292-00066574-00066738 a great way to write C extensions but if
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00293-00066739-00066858 people aren't doing it they aren't in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00294-00066859-00067314 here bargaining we can attempt to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00295-00067315-00067542 implement the the C extension API as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00296-00067543-00067646 best as possible
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00297-00067647-00067970 of all alongside are optimizations this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00298-00067971-00068156 generally involves a lot of copying so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00299-00068157-00068315 if we have our string represented in a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00300-00068316-00068528 really clever way internally we want to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00301-00068529-00068714 expose that to 6/10 sure we could copy
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00302-00068715-00069131 it all out to a big C array but the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00303-00069132-00069377 problem with that is it's an unbounded
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00304-00069378-00069569 problem size and your string could be
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00305-00069570-00069788 gigabytes in size and if each time you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00306-00069789-00069944 go to see him back again you copy the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00307-00069945-00070091 whole thing everything's just going to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00308-00070092-00070237 grind to a halt
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00309-00070238-00070499 J we be used this approach in the past
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00310-00070500-00070787 and Rubinius still using today JRuby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00311-00070788-00070979 when I tried only ran about 60% of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00312-00070980-00071144 extensions that I was interested in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00313-00071145-00071456 rubinius ran 90% which was better but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00314-00071457-00071630 the worst thing was when they didn't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00315-00071631-00071816 work there was no error telling me this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00316-00071817-00072050 is incompatible they just ground to a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00317-00072051-00072317 halt you know continue to make progress
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00318-00072318-00072497 but a really really slow pace because as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00319-00072498-00072650 the copying the things they just like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00320-00072651-00072989 they want to copy grew and grew they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00321-00072990-00073112 didn't really work and there was no
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00322-00073113-00073271 clear failure point if they just didn't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00323-00073272-00073673 work there's a limitation we can in try
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00324-00073674-00073925 to improve the 6 tension api form MRI
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00325-00073926-00074060 over time
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00326-00074061-00074468 javascript has in v8 and Java C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00327-00074469-00074603 extensions API I don't really have these
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00328-00074604-00074744 problems because they've designed it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00329-00074745-00074915 with the the knowledge of this problem
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00330-00074916-00075077 ahead of time so they have better
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00331-00075078-00075218 designed api's with stone exposed
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00332-00075219-00075383 internals and there is steady progress
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00333-00075384-00075692 towards doing this in MRI and it has
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00334-00075693-00075947 helped but as I say even opensl doesn't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00335-00075948-00076238 use those better interfaces so if MRI
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00336-00076239-00076361 I'm going to do it themselves
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00337-00076362-00076562 we can't really tell anyone else to do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00338-00076563-00076736 it so from the basick stage of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00339-00076737-00076883 documentation and tells you don't touch
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00340-00076884-00077102 pointers directly don't use our array
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00341-00077103-00077339 pointer don't use our string pointer and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00342-00077340-00077456 if people didn't there wouldn't be so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00343-00077457-00077665 much of a problem
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00344-00077666-00078011 depression JRuby unfortunately had to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00345-00078012-00078182 give up on their C extension work they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00346-00078183-00078347 had someone really clever work on it's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00347-00078348-00078542 quite a long time he might to get
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00348-00078543-00078725 working as I said he would have this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00349-00078726-00078944 problem who generally ground a fault and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00350-00078945-00079043 in the end they decided they'd
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00351-00079044-00079178 fortunately didn't have the resources to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00352-00079179-00079364 maintain it the original developer moved
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00353-00079365-00079574 on and they decided to remove it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00354-00079575-00079628 entirely
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00355-00079629-00079841 maybe we'll return in the future and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00356-00079842-00079994 they could try using the same approaches
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00357-00079995-00080362 we are in JRuby truffle and acceptance
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00358-00080363-00080576 JRuby encourage people to write Java
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00359-00080577-00080753 extensions instead of C extensions which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00360-00080754-00080903 is a technique which works fine but I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00361-00080904-00081017 said if people
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00362-00081018-00081344 I'm writing FFI then we can't make them
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00363-00081345-00081623 write Java extensions either we can also
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00364-00081624-00081782 try to optimize Ruby while keeping the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00365-00081783-00082063 internals the same so IBM's OMR adds a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00366-00082064-00082388 new GC and JIT to Ruby to root MRI while
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00367-00082389-00082574 keeping support positions but the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00368-00082575-00082718 techniques they can use there for a very
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00369-00082719-00082967 limited and the performance increases we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00370-00082968-00083132 can expect from that therefore a much
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00371-00083133-00083591 more modest interlude JRuby truffle so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00372-00083592-00083780 I'll give an introduction to our project
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00373-00083781-00084062 and how it works so there's already an
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00374-00084063-00084203 implantation of Ruby which works on the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00375-00084204-00084617 JVM called JRuby but the JVM is a bit of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00376-00084618-00084794 a black box which makes their work very
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00377-00084795-00085016 difficult when they want to optimize
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00378-00085017-00085199 code what they can do is they can pour
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00379-00085200-00085438 bytecode into the top of the JVM they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00380-00085439-00085598 can Jerry the best bytecode they can but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00381-00085599-00085763 then they pour it into the top and at
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00382-00085764-00085961 some point within the JVM there's a JIT
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00383-00085962-00086123 compiler and it's an excellent JIT
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00384-00086124-00086300 compiler but the root trick can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00385-00086301-00086531 sometimes be quite torturous especially
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00386-00086532-00086744 for the bytecode they emit from JRuby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00387-00086745-00086891 which isn't the same as Java bytecode
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00388-00086892-00087185 always and often it fails to reach the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00389-00087186-00087368 Jets or when it failed when it reaches
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00390-00087369-00087512 jet they doesn't quite do what they'd
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00391-00087513-00087755 like with it our big idea at Oracle is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00392-00087756-00087986 to take the JIT outside the JVM
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00393-00087987-00088232 rewrite it in Java and expose it as a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00394-00088233-00088415 Java library and that means you can talk
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00395-00088416-00088619 back and forth to it and you can tell it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00396-00088620-00088786 much more precisely what you want to do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00397-00088787-00089060 that's quite tricky to do so--here ODEs
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00398-00089061-00089194 a framework on top of that called
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00399-00089195-00089354 truffle which helps you to write
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00400-00089355-00089561 languages and talks to gras on your
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00401-00089562-00090029 behalf we took code from MRI we took
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00402-00090030-00090239 code from JRuby and we took some code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00403-00090240-00090434 from a vinius and we wrote a new
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00404-00090435-00090629 implementation of Ruby based on JRuby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00405-00090630-00090932 using truffle as an API that works on
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00406-00090933-00091121 top of the Grove VM which is simply the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00407-00091122-00091432 JVM combined with the growl compiler
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00408-00091433-00091703 we're part of the ju+ and part of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00409-00091704-00092051 Joe project and we are part of their
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00410-00092052-00092375 releases today the r8 truffle works is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00411-00092376-00092624 if we take some expression like a plus B
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00412-00092625-00092867 times C we can express as as a tree we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00413-00092868-00093062 heard the the end of day keynote
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00414-00093063-00093218 yesterday when he was talking about how
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00415-00093219-00093569 Express code as an ast this which is a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00416-00093570-00093773 data structure like this and what we do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00417-00093774-00094026 in truffle is we can take that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00418-00094027-00094336 that ast and we can compile it down to a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00419-00094337-00094537 single module that includes all the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00420-00094538-00094752 logic involved in executing that tree
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00421-00094753-00094996 then we have a JIT compiler which takes
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00422-00094997-00095185 it and turns it into a graph which looks
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00423-00095186-00095233 like this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00424-00095234-00095389 this is an actual screenshot from
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00425-00095390-00095668 compiling that code using our tool and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00426-00095669-00095851 then we can produce optimized machine
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00427-00095852-00096235 code from this this machine code is some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00428-00096236-00096502 x86 64 machine code that multiplies two
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00429-00096503-00096721 numbers together and then adds another
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00430-00096722-00096970 number to it and you notice if we do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00431-00096971-00097156 optimizations here such as ruby has
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00432-00097157-00097453 overflow that converts to a big num and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00433-00097454-00097642 we do that by hands in that by jumping
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00434-00097643-00097869 on overflow so if the if the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00435-00097870-00098134 multiplication overflows we jump off and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00436-00098135-00098209 do something else
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00437-00098210-00098410 if the add overflows we jump off and do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00438-00098411-00098572 something else but in if it doesn't we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00439-00098573-00098725 simply keep this linear sequence of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00440-00098726-00098923 instructions so this code is almost as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00441-00098924-00099103 good as you'd get from an AC compiler
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00442-00099104-00099286 the only extra thing you get from this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00443-00099287-00099427 is the the Jos
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00444-00099428-00099607 and your processor is very clever and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00445-00099608-00099754 will actually do something called fusion
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00446-00099755-00100033 of the Jo with the ads so it's almost as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00447-00100034-00100183 if they're not there in terms of cycle
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00448-00100184-00100483 counts so from Ruby code even though has
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00449-00100484-00100669 things like monkey patching and overflow
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00450-00100670-00100789 we can ask the produced machine code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00451-00100790-00101134 that's almost as good as C so go back to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00452-00101135-00101398 C extension this is our radical solution
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00453-00101399-00101644 for C extensions the current model as I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00454-00101645-00101782 said if we've got Ruby that runs on a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00455-00101783-00101968 Ruby interpreter but C extensions are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00456-00101969-00102169 compiled separately and then plugged it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00457-00102170-00102403 into the Ruby interpreter our idea is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00458-00102404-00102744 simple we're going to take the C code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00459-00102745-00102916 and we're going to interpret it using a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00460-00102917-00103119 C interpreter we already have a ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00461-00103120-00103368 interpreter let's write a C interpreter
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00462-00103369-00103615 and then run it on top and then when we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00463-00103616-00103792 want to make changes the way Ruby works
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00464-00103793-00103978 we simply make changes the way our c
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00465-00103979-00104286 interpreter works to match it it's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00466-00104288-00104508 slightly more complicated in reality we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00467-00104509-00104610 don't have to deal with all the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00468-00104611-00104811 complexity of the preprocessor and type
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00469-00104813-00104983 checking and stuff like that so what we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00470-00104983-00105145 actually do is we take your C extension
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00471-00105146-00105397 we compile it using the LLVM c compiler
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00472-00105398-00105636 that's C clang and that produces some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00473-00105638-00105829 intermediate representation that's like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00474-00105830-00106069 a really simple version of C that we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00475-00106070-00106288 call it I R and then we interpret that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00476-00106289-00106495 the other benefit of this is if you have
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00477-00106496-00106771 other languages like go rusts C++
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00478-00106772-00106945 objective-c as long as they can all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00479-00106946-00107160 compile to ll VMs in to me
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00480-00107161-00107356 representation we can run that on top of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00481-00107357-00107431 the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00482-00107432-00107851 so if we take a real C extension such as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00483-00107852-00108043 this clamp example we had earlier this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00484-00108044-00108250 compiles to IR which looks like this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00485-00108251-00108459 that looks like that's really complex
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00486-00108460-00108622 but let me break it down for your zoom
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00487-00108623-00108808 in on just the bit which does the logic
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00488-00108808-00109165 so it still looks complicated but if I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00489-00109166-00109474 if I write this as pseudo code in Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00490-00109475-00109798 you can see that this ICMP actually just
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00491-00109799-00110109 does a compare the branch just does like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00492-00110110-00110329 in here and then it does go to Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00493-00110330-00110482 doesn't have go to use obviously but but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00494-00110483-00110824 to assume they're there and then we have
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00495-00110825-00111133 a compare less than which is here so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00496-00111133-00111298 really we have a language which is very
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00497-00111299-00111541 simple we've already written interpreter
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00498-00111542-00111697 the work three role for the whole of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00499-00111698-00111889 Ruby if you imagine we're writing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00500-00111890-00112086 something that is for much simpler for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00501-00112088-00112288 this little pretend language here that's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00502-00112289-00112468 actually quite easy to do you probably
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00503-00112469-00112702 think of C as being a really complicated
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00504-00112703-00113047 deep highly technical language it's used
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00505-00113048-00113158 for highly technical stuff because it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00506-00113158-00113302 relies on the machine architecture most
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00507-00113303-00113443 of the time but in terms of a language
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00508-00113444-00113674 it's really simple it's much easier to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00509-00113675-00113875 write an interpreter for C or a lot of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00510-00113876-00114234 EMI R than it is for Ruby and then the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00511-00114235-00114406 magic starts to be that we're optimizing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00512-00114407-00114589 these two languages using the same
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00513-00114590-00114949 technology we produce these trees of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00514-00114950-00115192 programs for both Ruby code and C code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00515-00115193-00115396 and when it gets the truffle and growl
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00516-00115397-00115654 or optimising system they don't care
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00517-00115655-00115867 which language came from even more than
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00518-00115868-00116026 that they don't know which language it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00519-00116027-00116230 came from they simply ignore that so we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00520-00116231-00116389 represent the Ruby code and the C code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00521-00116390-00116569 in the same way so we can actually
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00522-00116570-00116800 optimize them together if you have a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00523-00116801-00117033 Ruby function to cause a C function in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00524-00117034-00117208 your C extension the calls back into
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00525-00117208-00117459 Ruby we can inline those together and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00526-00117460-00117667 optimize them together and any barriers
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00527-00117668-00118093 you have between them all disappear some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00528-00118094-00118222 interesting problems we found are their
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00529-00118223-00118468 solutions because we're implementing the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00530-00118469-00118672 C extension API from scratch we decided
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00531-00118673-00118945 we could actually do most of it in Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00532-00118946-00119095 I think Rubinius does this through a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00533-00119096-00119326 little extent but we're doing it for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00534-00119327-00119539 most of it so if we have a C extension
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00535-00119540-00119808 API function like fixed to int which
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00536-00119809-00119958 takes a fixed thumb and turns into a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00537-00119959-00120343 real C integer we wrote the entry points
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00538-00120344-00120516 into we wrote our C code that somebody
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00539-00120517-00120657 says invoke using
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00540-00120658-00120797 ruffle and then we wrote a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00541-00120798-00121154 implementation of it in Ruby so every
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00542-00121155-00121407 time you call a simple function in the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00543-00121408-00121593 six tension API it goes back into Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00544-00121594-00121913 and this is where everything works out
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00545-00121914-00122073 because if we can do whatever we like in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00546-00122074-00122322 Ruby we can access if we've written a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00547-00122323-00122516 clever way to access strings we can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00548-00122517-00122643 certainly reuse that clever way to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00549-00122644-00123052 access strings from our C extension code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00550-00123053-00123282 so taking strings as a concrete example
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00551-00123283-00123452 as I said if you take a pointer to a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00552-00123453-00123699 string then you get a pointer to it and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00553-00123700-00123813 you can index it and you can read the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00554-00123814-00124013 exact character and by the time you get
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00555-00124014-00124214 this character pointer it's been
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00556-00124215-00124358 forgotten that it came from a string
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00557-00124359-00124733 it's just raw C data we represent
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00558-00124734-00124886 strings using a technique called ropes
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00559-00124888-00125199 there's a talk by Kevin Menard at Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00560-00125200-00125402 Kai gay the idea is if you concatenate
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00561-00125403-00125499 two strings
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00562-00125500-00125649 let's not copy anything let's just
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00563-00125650-00125963 remember they were concatenated so we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00564-00125964-00126158 represent hello Ruby comp if you can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00565-00126159-00126495 catenate them as two separate arrays of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00566-00126496-00126825 characters the LLVM i are to read this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00567-00126826-00127143 simply says get element pointer and then
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00568-00127144-00127320 we can implement get out and put element
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00569-00127321-00127500 pointer however we like because we're
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00570-00127501-00127668 interpreting it so we can say if it's a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00571-00127669-00127811 string go back and call the actual
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00572-00127813-00128031 string end next in routine that's doing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00573-00128032-00128213 an indexing routine can go and walk
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00574-00128214-00128387 through this data structure and find a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00575-00128388-00128706 particular character so we solved the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00576-00128707-00129014 problem of being able to access the raw
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00577-00129015-00129300 data by giving you the illusion of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00578-00129301-00129512 having the raw data the C extension
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00579-00129513-00129819 believes it has a character pointer to a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00580-00129820-00130083 string what it really has is an object
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00581-00130083-00130310 that says this is the Ruby object and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00582-00130311-00130463 this is where you want to index it and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00583-00130464-00130731 it goes off and it reads that but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00584-00130732-00130859 there's no way of detecting you've got
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00585-00130860-00131036 that in C in your sixth sense your code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00586-00131038-00131216 you think you've just got a wrong number
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00587-00131217-00131394 but it's an illusion you don't have a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00588-00131395-00131600 number and the only way to do realize
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00589-00131601-00131714 the illusion actually would be to try
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00590-00131715-00131840 and print the number out because there
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00591-00131841-00132158 is no address there was no number
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00592-00132159-00132819 results so this is from an earlier piece
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00593-00132820-00132989 of work we did we actually started off
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00594-00132990-00133296 trying to do this C interpreter before
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00595-00133297-00133536 we tried the LLVM approach these results
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00596-00133537-00133766 are slightly old we haven't got quite to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00597-00133767-00133956 this stage of our new imputation using
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00598-00133957-00134005 an LV
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00599-00134006-00134332 so this is the performance of benchmarks
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00600-00134333-00134653 from chunky PNG and oily PNG the native
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00601-00134654-00134890 version and PSD Darby and PSD native the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00602-00134891-00135127 native version this is how fast the code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00603-00135128-00135412 is compared to the pure ruby version so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00604-00135413-00135574 as a pure ruby version of was code and a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00605-00135575-00135811 6-inch version so my with the C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00606-00135812-00136069 extension gets you 10 times faster than
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00607-00136070-00136276 running the Ruby code and that's the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00608-00136277-00136471 successful result 6 tensions were making
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00609-00136472-00136726 things faster when we run the Rubinius
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00610-00136727-00136897 with the C extension it's only around
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00611-00136898-00137176 four and a half times faster and when we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00612-00137177-00137359 run in JRuby this extension it was even
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00613-00137360-00137587 slower as I said JRuby aren't using this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00614-00137588-00137836 approach anymore sis from Jerry 1.6 but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00615-00137837-00138049 this is still how Rubinius expects you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00616-00138050-00138223 to run C extension and the performance
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00617-00138224-00138415 is lower than MRI with the system sure
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00618-00138416-00138610 which isn't what Rubinius promises and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00619-00138611-00138847 what people use Rubinius for when we run
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00620-00138848-00139051 Joe be trifled with the C extension with
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00621-00139052-00139246 our C interpreter and it's actually
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00622-00139247-00139528 three times faster than running MRI with
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00623-00139529-00139726 the SE extension so we're running the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00624-00139727-00139966 Ruby code and the C code in an
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00625-00139967-00140230 interpreter we verjus of course three
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00626-00140231-00140494 times faster than the native code and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00627-00140495-00140656 that sounds crazy people think I can't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00628-00140657-00140809 possibly one faster than native code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00629-00140810-00141016 it's because as I said it's a black box
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00630-00141017-00141292 and I can't do anything to optimize
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00631-00141293-00141589 accesses that back box and it's uncashed
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00632-00141590-00141763 when you make method calls around caches
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00633-00141764-00141970 so when we apply these techniques to see
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00634-00141971-00142255 we get much better performance we wanted
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00635-00142256-00142390 to pin down exactly where the real
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00636-00142391-00142582 benefit was so we tried turning off
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00637-00142583-00142819 inlining from C to Ruby and back and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00638-00142820-00143041 forth and that's the result you see here
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00639-00143042-00143242 which is only just faster than MRI with
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00640-00143243-00143416 the C extension so we found a lot of it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00641-00143417-00143695 was to do with inlining between the two
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00642-00143696-00143926 languages we take a hot loop you can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00643-00143927-00144127 take the C code down the Ruby code and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00644-00144128-00144328 all together and optimize it and this is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00645-00144329-00144568 from a paper we presented last year at
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00646-00144569-00145015 modularity a conference there are some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00647-00145016-00145159 limitations is true
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00648-00145160-00145411 you do need the source code of your C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00649-00145412-00145648 extension I'm not sure this is a problem
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00650-00145649-00145810 for anyone in reality I'm not sure if
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00651-00145811-00145999 there are any closed source C extensions
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00652-00146000-00146170 anyone using if there are come and tell
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00653-00146171-00146455 me about them 6 tensions in turn using a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00654-00146456-00146614 closed source library that itself
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00655-00146615-00146863 doesn't use the C API that's fine so if
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00656-00146864-00147046 you have some proprietary database and a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00657-00147047-00147190 driver for it as long as you have the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00658-00147191-00147382 source code for the C extension part
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00659-00147383-00147796 that's fine you can't store pointers to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00660-00147797-00148041 Ruby objects in native code so if you're
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00661-00148042-00148275 using a compiled library like Lib SSL
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00662-00148276-00148476 you can't give that compiled library
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00663-00148477-00148648 reference to a ruby object this is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00664-00148649-00148800 sometimes tricky because of you may have
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00665-00148801-00149004 a callback that goes into Ruby you want
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00666-00149005-00149281 to store some data from Ruby in the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00667-00149282-00149514 native object but the Ruby object may
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00668-00149515-00149743 not really exist we may not want to be
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00669-00149744-00150007 able to move it in the GC so what we've
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00670-00150008-00150184 written is this little API for turning
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00671-00150185-00150375 an object into a native handle and back
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00672-00150376-00150612 again so if you want to store some data
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00673-00150613-00150850 in SSL you need to convert it to a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00674-00150851-00151099 native handle this is what rubinius and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00675-00151100-00151273 JRuby was sort of doing anyway but they
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00676-00151274-00151491 were doing it for all data we're doing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00677-00151492-00151684 it just targeted in a little couple of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00678-00151685-00151861 places this is a problem the moment
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00679-00151862-00152008 because if we don't want people have to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00680-00152009-00152197 modify their C extensions it's okay for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00681-00152198-00152387 open SSL because that ships with Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00682-00152388-00152625 but we want to solve this problem for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00683-00152626-00152763 other cities sanctions we're still
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00684-00152764-00153141 working on that by the way I criticized
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00685-00153142-00153291 the FFI because nobody was using it but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00686-00153292-00153453 it is probably still the best idea to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00687-00153454-00153622 write your six since using the fo5 you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00688-00153623-00153822 can because it has wide support across
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00689-00153823-00154164 all implementations of Ruby although we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00690-00154165-00154302 don't actually implement yes and Jerry
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00691-00154303-00154428 with truffle that'd be a great
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00692-00154429-00154621 internship project anyone's interested
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00693-00154622-00154834 if you do write a six central
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00694-00154835-00154965 performance I think it's a great idea to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00695-00154966-00155161 write a ruby baseline version this is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00696-00155162-00155439 what PSD and chunky do and that means
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00697-00155440-00155616 that maybe the pure ruby version will
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00698-00155617-00155824 actually run fast enough anyway in jovi
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00699-00155825-00156418 truffle or Ruby 3.0 Java extensions I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00700-00156419-00156733 said in the past that the way the Jerry
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00701-00156734-00156868 has sold the citizenship problem is
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00702-00156869-00156975 encouraging because right Java
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00703-00156976-00157207 extensions ironically we have exactly
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00704-00157208-00157393 the same problem as C extensions and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00705-00157394-00157566 that there is no well-defined
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00706-00157567-00157866 JRuby API it's just all their internals
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00707-00157867-00158076 exposed they created the same problem
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00708-00158077-00158337 that they have themselves from C so we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00709-00158338-00158500 we have trouble hooking up all those
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00710-00158501-00158737 things and we don't therefore the moment
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00711-00158738-00158944 support Java extensions but we can do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00712-00158945-00159165 exactly the same thing we can take your
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00713-00159166-00159409 Java extension written for JRuby we can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00714-00159410-00159622 compile it to Java and then we could
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00715-00159623-00159801 write a Java bytecode interpreter and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00716-00159802-00160018 provide the same kind of abstractions
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00717-00160019-00160237 and allusions to make it work on JRuby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00718-00160238-00160576 truffle and this idea in general could
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00719-00160577-00160779 be a direction of a memory as well
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00720-00160780-00161034 Phoenix at Ruby Calle last year talked
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00721-00161035-00161283 about the idea of storing the LLVM ir of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00722-00161284-00161571 the moai implementation code and using
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00723-00161572-00161769 it to jet at runtime there's a similar
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00724-00161770-00162081 approach to what we're doing I said in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00725-00162082-00162231 my talk about C extensions but a quick
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00726-00162232-00162444 status update on JRuby truffle in
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00727-00162445-00162738 general we're running classic research
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00728-00162739-00162989 benchmarks around ten to twenty five
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00729-00162990-00163206 faster than MRI in around ten times
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00730-00163207-00163650 faster than JRuby truffle is in red here
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00731-00163651-00163944 JRuby with invokedynamic in dark green
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00732-00163945-00164394 and MRI in orange we're not much faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00733-00164395-00164643 if your memory allocation bound or if
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00734-00164644-00164763 you're bounded and performs something
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00735-00164764-00164949 like big integer because those are the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00736-00164950-00165081 things we improve the performance off
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00737-00165082-00165234 particularly but if you're doing some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00738-00165235-00165450 kiley computational code like an n body
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00739-00165451-00165684 simulation it's around 40 times faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00740-00165685-00165861 but I understand you people aren't doing
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00741-00165862-00166221 any body simulations it's okay the MRI
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00742-00166222-00166389 people who are focusing on making Ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00743-00166390-00166650 three times faster I've got a benchmark
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00744-00166651-00166857 they call opt carrots it's a nez
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00745-00166858-00167118 emulator this is what they're going to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00746-00167119-00167439 try and make faster for Ruby 3.0 we run
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00747-00167440-00167687 this around nine times faster than MRI
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00748-00167688-00167961 invokedynamic JRuby runs about twice as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00749-00167962-00168171 fast as MRI at the moment and all
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00750-00168172-00168330 implementations are looking at helped
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00751-00168331-00168450 carrot at the moment so these numbers
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00752-00168451-00168708 will probably move around but we run it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00753-00168709-00168879 fast enough than the nine times faster
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00754-00168880-00169113 is enough to make it smooth and playable
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00755-00169114-00169320 where it didn't very smooth and playable
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00756-00169321-00169602 I'm MRI in terms of completeness we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00757-00169603-00169965 passed 99% of the language specs it was
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00758-00169966-00170076 a hundred percent and then people
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00759-00170077-00170205 helpfully added some more
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00760-00170206-00170541 we passed 96% the call AI respects and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00761-00170542-00170709 78% the stands lied respects but that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00762-00170710-00170865 last ones a bit misleading because the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00763-00170866-00171222 coverage is a bit weird we're also now
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00764-00171223-00171405 running rails tests we actually spore a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00765-00171406-00171582 hundred percent of active support and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00766-00171583-00171903 active model most of actionpack some of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00767-00171904-00172107 railties and some other stuff like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00768-00172108-00172428 active record active action view basic
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00769-00172429-00172680 functionality does work there so we are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00770-00172681-00172992 now able to run rails we have a basic
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00771-00172993-00173226 blog application using rails we wrote
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00772-00173227-00173418 ourselves that was simple enough and we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00773-00173419-00173667 can run that it works so it's been
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00774-00173668-00173904 several years three years or so we are
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00775-00173905-00174590 now running rails
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00776-00174591-00174795 so why can't you run any real
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00777-00174796-00174987 applications if we've got that far we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00778-00174988-00175206 support such a high proportion of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00779-00175207-00175389 language specs why can't we run anything
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00780-00175390-00175653 well it's these C extensions this is the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00781-00175654-00175749 most important thing at the moment
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00782-00175750-00175928 there's still a work in progress and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00783-00175929-00176085 we've got almost no database drivers
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00784-00176086-00176291 open SSL doesn't work yet
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00785-00176292-00176504 nuclear doesn't work and they are at the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00786-00176505-00176753 bottom of the dependency stack for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00787-00176754-00177009 almost every rails application and any
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00788-00177010-00177144 other Ruby application anywhere
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00789-00177145-00177345 especially the testing people often use
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00790-00177346-00177600 nokogiri to test applications to look at
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00791-00177601-00177840 the Dom and figure out things out and we
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00792-00177841-00177948 of course we need to be able to test
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00793-00177949-00178095 things to figure out they work so this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00794-00178096-00178229 stops us running almost any application
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00795-00178230-00178454 and the specs also don't have perfect
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00796-00178455-00178647 coverage we do very sophisticated
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00797-00178648-00178902 optimizations which means that you can't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00798-00178903-00179193 just test the array accessing works use
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00799-00179194-00179472 AK practice it works with an integer
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00800-00179473-00179649 array and a double array and things like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00801-00179650-00179913 that so the specs don't help us there I
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00802-00179914-00180090 mean you also need to tune performance
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00803-00180091-00180537 there's lots more stuff there you can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00804-00180538-00180723 try this today if you search for growl
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00805-00180724-00181032 OTN or there's the fuel full URL you can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00806-00181033-00181257 download a binary tar ball that includes
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00807-00181258-00181386 absolutely everything you need so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00808-00181387-00181640 includes our modified JVM includes the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00809-00181641-00181890 growl compiler includes JRuby and you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00810-00181891-00182066 can try it out like that we search for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00811-00182067-00182247 github gravi and you'll find all our
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00812-00182248-00182574 code in one place and this is the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00813-00182575-00182715 implementation of Ruby that's just a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00814-00182716-00182901 fork of the JRuby posture tree but then
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00815-00182902-00183053 there's the implementation of our six
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00816-00183054-00183261 tensions and the JIT compiler and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00817-00183262-00183435 everything you want in one place and you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00818-00183436-00183695 can browse the code and see how it works
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00819-00183696-00184035 once you find out more if you look at my
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00820-00184036-00184233 website I list all the papers and blog
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00821-00184234-00184454 posts and articles we do there find us
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00822-00184455-00184749 on through you node JRuby or git er or
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00823-00184750-00185001 tweet me if you forget everything else
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00824-00185002-00185211 just Google for JRuby truffle and you'll
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00825-00185212-00185460 find the relevant stuff I just said
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00826-00185461-00185613 there's a really large team behind this
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00827-00185614-00185769 we're actually the largest ruby
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00828-00185770-00185913 implementation team anywhere in the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00829-00185914-00186087 world I think and these people work on
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00830-00186088-00186282 all sorts projects but it's a few of the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00831-00186283-00186549 wider team and that's everyone who's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00832-00186550-00186740 ever been involved the main people
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00833-00186741-00186878 working on Ruby and myself
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00834-00186879-00187169 Kevin Menard Peter looper Benoit dillos
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00835-00187170-00187373 Brandon and fish
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00836-00187374-00187511 and the people working the six tensions
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00837-00187512-00187751 are Manuel briga and matches grimmer so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00838-00187752-00187949 I'm this is all their work as well as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00839-00187950-00188018 being mine
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00840-00188019-00189236 thanks very much questions the question
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00841-00189237-00189398 was that you need the genie destroyed
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00842-00189399-00189553 see source code but not things you think
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00843-00189554-00189731 against yes you the sea source code of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00844-00189732-00189971 anything that uses the Ruby capi but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00845-00189972-00190165 then anything else can be a binary so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00846-00190166-00190409 you can use your database driver or any
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00847-00190410-00190574 other libraries you're using you just
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00848-00190575-00190847 need to pass to use the C API as C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00849-00190848-00191077 source code or LLVM ir actually but
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00850-00191078-00191348 that's not if you want to do it job just
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00851-00191349-00191510 get your code out of the mir doesn't do
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00852-00191511-00191669 it so you basically in the source code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00853-00191670-00191885 yeah the questions were is there any
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00854-00191886-00192083 locking going on because the C doesn't
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00855-00192084-00192248 the C code normally doesn't do locking
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00856-00192249-00192388 no we're not doing locking we're
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00857-00192389-00192601 following the the Rubinius and Joey
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00858-00192602-00192761 approaches the threading which is that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00859-00192762-00192940 you need to lock data structures and
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00860-00192941-00193151 objects use yourself and anything else
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00861-00193152-00193418 is uncontrolled we are doing novel
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00862-00193419-00193688 research into a formal memory model for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00863-00193689-00193994 Ruby which Peter lubbers working on has
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00864-00193995-00194152 talked about a couple of conferences so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00865-00194153-00194282 we try to work out what the rules should
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00866-00194283-00194324 be
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00867-00194325-00194531 agree them across Ruby implementations
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00868-00194532-00194825 but moments it's Wild West world there's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00869-00194826-00195001 no real rules to follow so as long as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00870-00195002-00195229 stuff works we're happening yeah the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00871-00195230-00195473 question is when you use native code of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00872-00195474-00195581 course you have to actually do that
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00873-00195582-00195845 copying to pass it in and out and real
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00874-00195846-00196046 libraries mostly real sick stitchers
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00875-00196047-00196250 mostly use native libraries so do you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00876-00196251-00196438 have to do that a lot yes and we're not
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00877-00196439-00196757 sure how big a problem that is so the as
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00878-00196758-00197041 you said the PST and chunky stuff that's
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00879-00197042-00197225 well contained and that's the best case
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00880-00197226-00197483 for us we're working on openness open
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00881-00197484-00197618 SSL a moment and it seems to be
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00882-00197619-00197846 effective enough there so all I can say
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00883-00197847-00197993 at the moment is I'm hopeful for other
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00884-00197994-00198218 gems we won't have to do too much
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00885-00198219-00198488 copying to pass it out to native code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00886-00198489-00198763 you can of course if you want to if you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00887-00198764-00198938 find it's a problem get the source code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00888-00198939-00199133 for everything and run it all in the C
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00889-00199134-00199283 interpreter the scenes up there is a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00890-00199284-00199526 full conformance implementation of C so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00891-00199527-00199615 it should be able to run everything
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00892-00199616-00199840 we've open SSL I decided for things like
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00893-00199841-00200063 timing attacks and installation
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00894-00200064-00200234 complexity was probably blessed to use
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00895-00200235-00200486 the native library BSA we are unsure
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00896-00200487-00200652 it's going to work perfectly
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00897-00200653-00200823 or lots of libraries it's a research
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00898-00200824-00201015 project that's why we're we're exploring
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00899-00201016-00201312 what what we can do yeah say the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00900-00201313-00201549 question was with the results I showed
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00901-00201550-00201786 on warm code yes they're on thoroughly
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00902-00201787-00202050 warm code we used a JIT compiler so it
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00903-00202051-00202293 does need time to warm up and to compile
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00904-00202294-00202599 everything J truffle it's about as fast
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00905-00202600-00202908 as ruby 1.8 when it starts probably a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00906-00202909-00203040 bit slower now
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00907-00203041-00203214 and then it gets much faster automated
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00908-00203215-00203367 running it's a trade-off
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00909-00203368-00203526 we're deliberately making this trade-off
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00910-00203527-00203721 that if we spend more time at startup
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00911-00203722-00204003 getting things optimized then stuff runs
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00912-00204004-00204309 faster later but we have a solution for
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00913-00204310-00204492 the the fast startup case where you need
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00914-00204493-00204702 that we're working on ahead of time
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00915-00204703-00205019 compiled binary of JRuby truffle that a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00916-00205021-00205262 it doesn't use a JVM it's simply a big
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00917-00205263-00205500 executable and that starts really fast
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00918-00205501-00205669 because all the code is already compiled
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00919-00205671-00205896 and then it warms up the same way the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00920-00205896-00206076 norm one does but that's not open source
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00921-00206077-00206313 at the moment but we have to do some
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00922-00206314-00206516 thought of trade-off in order to cut
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00923-00206517-00206652 through Ruby and to get the performance
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00924-00206653-00206771 we want something has to give somewhere
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00925-00206773-00206955 so we trade off a little bit memory a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00926-00206956-00207135 little bit startup time and we get the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00927-00207136-00207330 result we want running after long a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00928-00207331-00207603 period of time how much memory it's hard
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00929-00207604-00207753 to quantify because until we can run a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00930-00207754-00208148 real application we don't know so we can
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00931-00208150-00208325 look at the baseline and say it takes
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00932-00208326-00208587 four times as much memory as Joe Ruby to
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00933-00208588-00208755 run hello world or some like that's I've
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00934-00208756-00208884 got the numbers I come in with the art
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00935-00208885-00209141 exactly oft on my head but I'd be lying
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00936-00209142-00209333 if I told you I knew exactly what the
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00937-00209334-00209564 American sumption would be it's probably
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00938-00209565-00209805 unlikely to work well on a 500 megabyte
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00939-00209806-00210177 dyno that's true but the idea is if you
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00940-00210178-00210603 run yeah yeah I do is if you run one big
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00941-00210604-00210783 instance which can handle lots of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00942-00210784-00211026 clients and can share optimized code
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00943-00211027-00211169 between them we think there'll be a
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00944-00211171-00211377 better trade-off than running lots of
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00945-00211378-00211779 MRIs on smaller dinos okay thanks so
y_WJcZ9d_fM-00946-00211780-00211983 much
yEe405m2s3g-00000-00000000-00000142 hey y'all what's up my name is Nolly
yEe405m2s3g-00001-00000143-00000430 welcome to a new Vlog I am just gonna do
yEe405m2s3g-00002-00000431-00000671 a couple days in my life and kind of
yEe405m2s3g-00003-00000672-00000893 start getting back into vlogging I feel
yEe405m2s3g-00004-00000894-00001061 like I took a little bit of a break I've
yEe405m2s3g-00005-00001062-00001229 just honestly been feeling very
yEe405m2s3g-00006-00001230-00001462 uninspired very unfulfilled just overall
yEe405m2s3g-00007-00001463-00001679 like doubting a lot of things which
yEe405m2s3g-00008-00001680-00001775 sucks
yEe405m2s3g-00009-00001776-00001979 um but I feel like I'm in a better
yEe405m2s3g-00010-00001980-00002189 headspace and I wanted to pick up the
yEe405m2s3g-00011-00002190-00002465 camera and Vlog because life is about to
yEe405m2s3g-00012-00002466-00002675 get super fun and exciting South by
yEe405m2s3g-00013-00002676-00002933 Southwest is starting this Friday and if
yEe405m2s3g-00014-00002934-00003041 you guys don't know what that is it's
yEe405m2s3g-00015-00003042-00003269 pretty much like a music film Tech
yEe405m2s3g-00016-00003270-00003569 Festival here in Austin and I am
yEe405m2s3g-00017-00003570-00003725 attending a few events for that and I
yEe405m2s3g-00018-00003726-00003845 think I'm going to make that a separate
yEe405m2s3g-00019-00003846-00004025 Vlog so that's why I decided to just do
yEe405m2s3g-00020-00004026-00004175 like a few days in my life and it's
yEe405m2s3g-00021-00004176-00004325 currently Tuesday a couple of little
yEe405m2s3g-00022-00004326-00004643 life updates I am in the midst of my
yEe405m2s3g-00023-00004644-00004829 busy season with photography if you guys
yEe405m2s3g-00024-00004830-00004991 are new to my channel I'm a photographer
yEe405m2s3g-00025-00004992-00005177 and I also do content creation for
yEe405m2s3g-00026-00005178-00005315 photography I shoot pretty much
yEe405m2s3g-00027-00005316-00005483 everything except for weddings and I
yEe405m2s3g-00028-00005484-00005681 specialize in college grads which means
yEe405m2s3g-00029-00005682-00005993 it is busy season it started in February
yEe405m2s3g-00030-00005994-00006179 like late February and it's going to go
yEe405m2s3g-00031-00006180-00006445 through probably early May apparently UT
yEe405m2s3g-00032-00006445-00006695 moved their graduation up which honestly
yEe405m2s3g-00033-00006695-00006970 I'm very happy about because I think it
yEe405m2s3g-00034-00006972-00007210 used to be like May 22nd-ish and now
yEe405m2s3g-00035-00007211-00007420 it's May 6th so hopefully grad sessions
yEe405m2s3g-00036-00007422-00007678 will be slowing down a lot sooner and
yEe405m2s3g-00037-00007679-00007841 the only reason I'm saying that is
yEe405m2s3g-00038-00007842-00008014 because it's just so brutal to be out
yEe405m2s3g-00039-00008015-00008314 there in the Texas heat when you're like
yEe405m2s3g-00040-00008315-00008501 shooting photos obviously it's not ideal
yEe405m2s3g-00041-00008502-00008657 for the client either because they're
yEe405m2s3g-00042-00008658-00008795 like sweating off their makeup there
yEe405m2s3g-00043-00008796-00008957 were definitely times that I was so
yEe405m2s3g-00044-00008958-00009071 close to passing out from heat
yEe405m2s3g-00045-00009072-00009310 exhaustion so now I've learned to
yEe405m2s3g-00046-00009311-00009485 hydrate and like eat really really well
yEe405m2s3g-00047-00009486-00009803 before I go out for like a shoot when
yEe405m2s3g-00048-00009804-00010006 it's really hot outside
yEe405m2s3g-00049-00010007-00010283 um so that is a big Life Update because
yEe405m2s3g-00050-00010284-00010451 I've been really busy with that I feel
yEe405m2s3g-00051-00010452-00010559 like a lot of people think that
yEe405m2s3g-00052-00010560-00010739 photographers just go and take the
yEe405m2s3g-00053-00010740-00010931 photos and then that's it but there's
yEe405m2s3g-00054-00010932-00011213 obviously a lot of editing to do and
yEe405m2s3g-00055-00011214-00011501 that is like a fun part but also can be
yEe405m2s3g-00056-00011502-00011609 the worst part because you have to sit
yEe405m2s3g-00057-00011610-00011831 on your computer for like hours on end
yEe405m2s3g-00058-00011832-00011963 so this year I'm really trying to stay
yEe405m2s3g-00059-00011964-00012233 on top top of the editing and like get
yEe405m2s3g-00060-00012234-00012467 the photos out within like two weeks so
yEe405m2s3g-00061-00012468-00012635 I don't get really overwhelmed I guess
yEe405m2s3g-00062-00012636-00012863 another life update is that Ryan moved
yEe405m2s3g-00063-00012863-00013211 home in February so it's been
yEe405m2s3g-00064-00013212-00013463 almost a month of him living back here
yEe405m2s3g-00065-00013463-00013685 in Austin he was home for like six
yEe405m2s3g-00066-00013686-00013907 months I'm so glad he's back but you
yEe405m2s3g-00067-00013908-00014183 know obviously when you live alone for a
yEe405m2s3g-00068-00014184-00014429 good amount of time you kind of get in
yEe405m2s3g-00069-00014430-00014644 the groove of just doing things how you
yEe405m2s3g-00070-00014645-00014825 want them to be done I know I got a
yEe405m2s3g-00071-00014826-00014963 question the other day about like the
yEe405m2s3g-00072-00014963-00015316 house hunting process and I think I
yEe405m2s3g-00073-00015318-00015461 recently said this maybe it was on
yEe405m2s3g-00074-00015462-00015719 Instagram stories but basically we have
yEe405m2s3g-00075-00015719-00015977 this lease till November and I don't
yEe405m2s3g-00076-00015978-00016121 really want to break it because that's
yEe405m2s3g-00077-00016122-00016283 you know gonna cost us a good amount of
yEe405m2s3g-00078-00016284-00016475 money and that money could just like go
yEe405m2s3g-00079-00016476-00016661 into the house we are probably gonna
yEe405m2s3g-00080-00016662-00016943 have to like renovate a little bit
yEe405m2s3g-00081-00016944-00017200 um so I'm not super serious I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00082-00017201-00017405 obviously actively looking because that
yEe405m2s3g-00083-00017406-00017627 is like so fun just like browsing Zillow
yEe405m2s3g-00084-00017628-00017830 and I have a realtor friend that's
yEe405m2s3g-00085-00017831-00018017 helping me out so she put me in the MLS
yEe405m2s3g-00086-00018018-00018197 and everything so I'm getting those
yEe405m2s3g-00087-00018198-00018353 notifications but honestly I just want
yEe405m2s3g-00088-00018354-00018497 to house more and more every single day
yEe405m2s3g-00089-00018498-00018713 I want Sophie to have my backyard I want
yEe405m2s3g-00090-00018714-00018917 to have a backyard I want to like do
yEe405m2s3g-00091-00018918-00019067 gardening even though I don't really
yEe405m2s3g-00092-00019068-00019211 think I have a green thumb but maybe
yEe405m2s3g-00093-00019212-00019457 hopefully I will one day but yeah that
yEe405m2s3g-00094-00019458-00019600 is the update on that I mean honestly
yEe405m2s3g-00095-00019601-00019780 something could like pop up and it could
yEe405m2s3g-00096-00019781-00020003 be like a really good deal that it would
yEe405m2s3g-00097-00020004-00020243 be worth breaking the lease so I will
yEe405m2s3g-00098-00020244-00020447 definitely keep you guys updated but
yEe405m2s3g-00099-00020448-00020663 we're putting that out there and that
yEe405m2s3g-00100-00020664-00020849 I'm gonna buy a house this year we're
yEe405m2s3g-00101-00020850-00021113 manifesting it and I am just so excited
yEe405m2s3g-00102-00021114-00021364 for when that process is here last life
yEe405m2s3g-00103-00021365-00021569 update I have for you guys is that I
yEe405m2s3g-00104-00021570-00021767 just got the most exciting package in
yEe405m2s3g-00105-00021768-00022067 the mail like I am going to die when I
yEe405m2s3g-00106-00022068-00022253 open it up it came in last night but I
yEe405m2s3g-00107-00022254-00022450 wanted to wait so that I could do like a
yEe405m2s3g-00108-00022451-00022643 little unboxing with you know some good
yEe405m2s3g-00109-00022644-00022757 light
yEe405m2s3g-00110-00022758-00023050 um but basically I decided to purchase
yEe405m2s3g-00111-00023051-00023321 another camera and this camera is going
yEe405m2s3g-00112-00023322-00023513 to be more for personal use if you guys
yEe405m2s3g-00113-00023514-00023699 know anything about cameras you have
yEe405m2s3g-00114-00023700-00023921 probably seen this all over Tick Tock I
yEe405m2s3g-00115-00023922-00024119 feel like it's very like trendy on Tick
yEe405m2s3g-00116-00024120-00024430 Tock and I was definitely influenced by
yEe405m2s3g-00117-00024431-00024664 my friend and Mark she's a photographer
yEe405m2s3g-00118-00024665-00024917 here in Austin and she posted this Tick
yEe405m2s3g-00119-00024918-00025222 Tock and the photos were so amazing it's
yEe405m2s3g-00120-00025223-00025517 almost like a film camera but not like
yEe405m2s3g-00121-00025518-00025787 it has film simulations in it and I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00122-00025788-00025943 gonna play around with it and once I
yEe405m2s3g-00123-00025944-00026087 like figure everything out I can
yEe405m2s3g-00124-00026088-00026333 definitely do like some videos more
yEe405m2s3g-00125-00026333-00026639 about it um and talk more about it but I
yEe405m2s3g-00126-00026639-00026789 need to like learn it first but
yEe405m2s3g-00127-00026789-00026927 basically it's just like a digital
yEe405m2s3g-00128-00026927-00027196 camera that has like built-in like
yEe405m2s3g-00129-00027197-00027490 presets filters you can like make your
yEe405m2s3g-00130-00027491-00027814 own pretty much and it's also very
yEe405m2s3g-00131-00027816-00028055 portable so I've watched like so many
yEe405m2s3g-00132-00028056-00028355 reviews from Pro photographers and they
yEe405m2s3g-00133-00028356-00028517 all say that this is like their favorite
yEe405m2s3g-00134-00028518-00028768 camera and these people have like
yEe405m2s3g-00135-00028769-00028901 like
yEe405m2s3g-00136-00028902-00029099 a little under 50 cameras but like
yEe405m2s3g-00137-00029100-00029320 seriously they like get sponsored from
yEe405m2s3g-00138-00029322-00029512 other companies so they get cameras for
yEe405m2s3g-00139-00029513-00029668 free the biggest thing that stood out to
yEe405m2s3g-00140-00029669-00029861 me is that they all said that this made
yEe405m2s3g-00141-00029862-00030040 them a little bit more passionate about
yEe405m2s3g-00142-00030041-00030202 photography and just really excited
yEe405m2s3g-00143-00030204-00030437 about it again because it is like a
yEe405m2s3g-00144-00030438-00030545 personal
yEe405m2s3g-00145-00030545-00030851 like size so you're able to bring it
yEe405m2s3g-00146-00030852-00031157 around everywhere and it's just kind of
yEe405m2s3g-00147-00031158-00031396 again for personal use it's not going to
yEe405m2s3g-00148-00031397-00031607 be really used for like any client work
yEe405m2s3g-00149-00031608-00031912 but I'm really excited about it so let's
yEe405m2s3g-00150-00031913-00032987 open it up
yEe405m2s3g-00151-00032988-00034193 first
yEe405m2s3g-00152-00034194-00034511 it's recording hey guys coming to you
yEe405m2s3g-00153-00034512-00034685 from the Fuji film day has already
yEe405m2s3g-00154-00034686-00034835 gotten away from me
yEe405m2s3g-00155-00034836-00035224 um I'm headed over to UT for a shoot and
yEe405m2s3g-00156-00035225-00035465 I kind of want to use my camera although
yEe405m2s3g-00157-00035466-00035621 the session is a lot shorter it's just
yEe405m2s3g-00158-00035622-00035831 like one hour so I don't know if I'll be
yEe405m2s3g-00159-00035832-00035951 like rushed
yEe405m2s3g-00160-00035952-00036227 but I might just like pull her aside for
yEe405m2s3g-00161-00036228-00036467 like literally five minutes after the
yEe405m2s3g-00162-00036468-00036683 shoot and just like play around with it
yEe405m2s3g-00163-00036684-00036893 we'll see we'll see
yEe405m2s3g-00164-00036894-00037199 um but I am so excited because this
yEe405m2s3g-00165-00037200-00037505 camera has like Fuji film recipes that
yEe405m2s3g-00166-00037506-00037727 you can like customize the settings and
yEe405m2s3g-00167-00037728-00037901 pretty much make it like a film camera
yEe405m2s3g-00168-00037902-00038099 but they're like digital photos so you
yEe405m2s3g-00169-00038100-00038279 don't have to like develop film because
yEe405m2s3g-00170-00038280-00038417 I've definitely thought about getting a
yEe405m2s3g-00171-00038418-00038615 film camera but I'm like honestly at the
yEe405m2s3g-00172-00038616-00038777 end of the day that's so much more time
yEe405m2s3g-00173-00038778-00038921 because you have to wait for them to get
yEe405m2s3g-00174-00038922-00039118 developed and then also so much more
yEe405m2s3g-00175-00039119-00039311 money and I'm not saying this camera is
yEe405m2s3g-00176-00039312-00039424 cheap because it's definitely
yEe405m2s3g-00177-00039425-00039611 skyrocketed after
yEe405m2s3g-00178-00039612-00039893 like Tick Tock made it so trendy
yEe405m2s3g-00179-00039894-00040168 um but I feel like it's definitely like
yEe405m2s3g-00180-00040169-00040445 a really good investment and like a good
yEe405m2s3g-00181-00040446-00040583 personal camera for me like I said
yEe405m2s3g-00182-00040584-00040859 before so I'm really excited to just
yEe405m2s3g-00183-00040860-00041123 like play around with it more but going
yEe405m2s3g-00184-00041124-00041374 to my shoot changed my outfit you guys
yEe405m2s3g-00185-00041375-00041555 don't even want to see my outfits during
yEe405m2s3g-00186-00041556-00041801 my shoots because I don't I don't really
yEe405m2s3g-00187-00041802-00042083 care what I look like I'm just wearing a
yEe405m2s3g-00188-00042084-00042287 big t-shirt and jeans
yEe405m2s3g-00189-00042288-00042496 um but I'm hoping I won't get too hot
yEe405m2s3g-00190-00042497-00042659 like I don't really usually wear jeans
yEe405m2s3g-00191-00042660-00043559 but they're so comfy so I want to
yEe405m2s3g-00192-00043560-00044173 mother
yEe405m2s3g-00193-00044174-00044446 back home for my shoe and it is dinner
yEe405m2s3g-00194-00044447-00044639 time I actually got to use my new camera
yEe405m2s3g-00195-00044640-00044980 on my grad so that was kind of fun and I
yEe405m2s3g-00196-00044981-00045161 haven't uploaded it to the computer yet
yEe405m2s3g-00197-00045162-00045346 but I'll try to put some in this Vlog
yEe405m2s3g-00198-00045347-00045490 dinner tonight is going to be this
yEe405m2s3g-00199-00045491-00045749 Branzino fly we're gonna do like a Greek
yEe405m2s3g-00200-00045750-00046001 kind of fish with red onions lemons
yEe405m2s3g-00201-00046002-00046283 parsley garlic all the good stuff it's
yEe405m2s3g-00202-00046284-00046540 gonna be very yummy and
yEe405m2s3g-00203-00046541-00046696 I also need a side I haven't really
yEe405m2s3g-00204-00046697-00046858 decided what I'm gonna make maybe like
yEe405m2s3g-00205-00046859-00047177 polenta do you want polenta
yEe405m2s3g-00206-00047178-00047483 it's like grits it's yummy actually I
yEe405m2s3g-00207-00047484-00048035 really want that let's do it
yEe405m2s3g-00208-00048036-00050686 [Music]
yEe405m2s3g-00209-00050687-00050933 foreign
yEe405m2s3g-00210-00050934-00051201 foreign
yEe405m2s3g-00212-00054222-00054461 thank you
yEe405m2s3g-00213-00054462-00055288 [Music]
yEe405m2s3g-00214-00055289-00055523 dinner is served we have the fish and
yEe405m2s3g-00215-00055524-00055835 then I did polenta and it's gonna be so
yEe405m2s3g-00216-00055836-00056015 yummy I haven't had this dish in so long
yEe405m2s3g-00217-00056016-00056200 I don't even know if this really goes
yEe405m2s3g-00218-00056201-00056369 together but that's okay I'm really
yEe405m2s3g-00219-00056370-00056476 proud of myself because I'm like
yEe405m2s3g-00220-00056477-00056669 cleaning out my fridge cleaning out the
yEe405m2s3g-00221-00056670-00056788 pantry because we're actually like
yEe405m2s3g-00222-00056789-00057059 eating at home a lot recently last night
yEe405m2s3g-00223-00057060-00057292 I did Euro bowls from Trader Joe's I
yEe405m2s3g-00224-00057294-00057473 made like a little Tick Tock about it so
yEe405m2s3g-00225-00057474-00057635 if you guys want to go check that out
yEe405m2s3g-00226-00057636-00057887 it's literally so easy to make
yEe405m2s3g-00227-00057888-00058037 um this definitely took a little bit
yEe405m2s3g-00228-00058038-00058307 more effort not that much I just kind of
yEe405m2s3g-00229-00058308-00058511 forgot how to make the polenta so I kind
yEe405m2s3g-00230-00058512-00058769 of goofed up I put Capers on mine Ryan
yEe405m2s3g-00231-00058770-00058937 doesn't really like Capers so I left
yEe405m2s3g-00232-00058938-00059237 them off of his and usually my dad will
yEe405m2s3g-00233-00059238-00059435 get like the Branzino fillets just at a
yEe405m2s3g-00234-00059436-00059573 grocery store and they'll have like
yEe405m2s3g-00235-00059574-00059782 bones in them but these are boneless and
yEe405m2s3g-00236-00059783-00059944 you can get it at Trader Joe's it is
yEe405m2s3g-00237-00059945-00060137 Wednesday and I took a day off from
yEe405m2s3g-00238-00060138-00060466 working out so a little rest day and I
yEe405m2s3g-00239-00060467-00060749 actually ended up pushing my session my
yEe405m2s3g-00240-00060750-00060988 morning session back and now I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00241-00060989-00061163 regretting it because it's sunny outside
yEe405m2s3g-00242-00061164-00061397 and blue skies and yesterday when it
yEe405m2s3g-00243-00061398-00061541 said it was cloudy it was like really
yEe405m2s3g-00244-00061541-00061835 really hazy and cloudy so I was like
yEe405m2s3g-00245-00061836-00062026 okay let's just push it back because we
yEe405m2s3g-00246-00062027-00062261 know it's gonna be cloudy tomorrow and
yEe405m2s3g-00247-00062262-00062609 now it's like not it's like really sunny
yEe405m2s3g-00248-00062610-00062825 um so it shall be interesting we're
yEe405m2s3g-00249-00062826-00062992 really wanting a Beach vacation right
yEe405m2s3g-00250-00062994-00063079 now
yEe405m2s3g-00251-00063079-00063473 and the the second part is is that like
yEe405m2s3g-00252-00063474-00063700 well he has a work Conference next week
yEe405m2s3g-00253-00063701-00063850 and then we're going to Nashville South
yEe405m2s3g-00254-00063851-00064049 by Southwest is happening like this next
yEe405m2s3g-00255-00064050-00064282 week too and then once we come back I
yEe405m2s3g-00256-00064283-00064403 feel like we already have like random
yEe405m2s3g-00257-00064404-00064571 trips planned just like not to the beach
yEe405m2s3g-00258-00064572-00064792 and then obviously I have my grad season
yEe405m2s3g-00259-00064794-00065087 so I already have shoots booked so like
yEe405m2s3g-00260-00065088-00065303 the soonest that I could probably go is
yEe405m2s3g-00261-00065304-00065494 in May and Ryan's like that's so late
yEe405m2s3g-00262-00065495-00066281 but I don't know we'll figure it out
yEe405m2s3g-00263-00066282-00066637 yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00264-00066638-00066856 it is currently Thursday I kind of
yEe405m2s3g-00265-00066857-00067000 dropped the ball on vlogging yesterday
yEe405m2s3g-00266-00067001-00067300 because it just do not go how I planned
yEe405m2s3g-00267-00067301-00067675 I also ended up falling on like pavement
yEe405m2s3g-00268-00067676-00067937 and scratching my knees so bad we're
yEe405m2s3g-00269-00067938-00068105 gonna go to a watch shop because I
yEe405m2s3g-00270-00068106-00068356 bought this beautiful watch on Amazon
yEe405m2s3g-00271-00068357-00068519 I've been dying to get like a
yEe405m2s3g-00272-00068520-00068849 rectangular gold watch and obviously the
yEe405m2s3g-00273-00068850-00069179 ones that I've seen are definitely a bit
yEe405m2s3g-00274-00069180-00069455 more pricey I mean this is I think I
yEe405m2s3g-00275-00069456-00069688 can't remember if it's like under 300 or
yEe405m2s3g-00276-00069689-00070079 was it 200 but obviously not cheap but
yEe405m2s3g-00277-00070080-00070271 it is like a nice watch and my boyfriend
yEe405m2s3g-00278-00070272-00070475 knows a lot about watches so I was like
yEe405m2s3g-00279-00070476-00070619 what do you think about this brand and
yEe405m2s3g-00280-00070620-00070835 he was like it's pretty nice so I ended
yEe405m2s3g-00281-00070836-00071009 up getting the watch but it's huge on my
yEe405m2s3g-00282-00071010-00071200 wrist it literally even was big on
yEe405m2s3g-00283-00071201-00071375 Ryan's wrist so we're gonna go to the
yEe405m2s3g-00284-00071376-00071615 watch shop to like get them to take the
yEe405m2s3g-00285-00071616-00071788 links out or whatever just to make it
yEe405m2s3g-00286-00071789-00071915 fit better
yEe405m2s3g-00287-00071916-00072100 um because I have a South by Southwest
yEe405m2s3g-00288-00072101-00072299 event tomorrow
yEe405m2s3g-00289-00072300-00072515 starting tomorrow I'm so excited but I
yEe405m2s3g-00290-00072516-00072641 definitely want to wear the watch for
yEe405m2s3g-00291-00072642-00072821 then so hopefully they can get it done
yEe405m2s3g-00292-00072822-00073025 like while we're there I don't know how
yEe405m2s3g-00293-00073026-00073181 fast they can do it
yEe405m2s3g-00294-00073182-00074338 um but we're gonna go check that out
yEe405m2s3g-00295-00074339-00074537 we're back home it didn't take that much
yEe405m2s3g-00296-00074538-00074693 time at all for him to like remove the
yEe405m2s3g-00297-00074694-00074993 links and he took off five links which
yEe405m2s3g-00298-00074994-00075221 is kind of a lot and then I put it on I
yEe405m2s3g-00299-00075222-00075406 was like it's still kind of loose so he
yEe405m2s3g-00300-00075407-00075629 took off one more and this is what it
yEe405m2s3g-00301-00075630-00075850 looks like I think it looks so cute with
yEe405m2s3g-00302-00075851-00076043 like all my jewelry
yEe405m2s3g-00303-00076044-00076229 um and I got this from Amazon I'm not
yEe405m2s3g-00304-00076230-00076421 sure if like where else you can get it
yEe405m2s3g-00305-00076422-00076571 but let me show you guys a close-up so
yEe405m2s3g-00306-00076572-00076829 the brand is Bulova and this is what it
yEe405m2s3g-00307-00076830-00077003 looks like
yEe405m2s3g-00308-00077004-00077332 it has like a clasp on the other side
yEe405m2s3g-00309-00077333-00077609 and there's like three little I'm I
yEe405m2s3g-00310-00077610-00077938 doubt they're like actual diamonds but
yEe405m2s3g-00311-00077939-00078155 there's like three little like shiny
yEe405m2s3g-00312-00078156-00078412 things in there and I just think it's
yEe405m2s3g-00313-00078413-00078635 really pretty and very classy
yEe405m2s3g-00314-00078636-00078826 time for some late breakfast this is my
yEe405m2s3g-00315-00078827-00078976 favorite sourdough it's actually from
yEe405m2s3g-00316-00078977-00079223 Trader Joe's and I go there quite often
yEe405m2s3g-00317-00079224-00079438 just to get the sourdough
yEe405m2s3g-00318-00079439-00079679 um but I'm just gonna do like one or two
yEe405m2s3g-00319-00079680-00080117 pieces put some butter and big jam on it
yEe405m2s3g-00320-00080118-00080332 it's my newest Obsession and for late
yEe405m2s3g-00321-00080333-00080476 lunch I'll just probably have some
yEe405m2s3g-00322-00080477-00080638 leftover Thai food that we got last
yEe405m2s3g-00323-00080639-00081203 night
yEe405m2s3g-00324-00081204-00081509 this is the Fig Jam I'm using today just
yEe405m2s3g-00325-00081510-00081647 bought it at the grocery store anything
yEe405m2s3g-00326-00081648-00081941 that exciting or crazy we're also really
yEe405m2s3g-00327-00081942-00082156 low on groceries
yEe405m2s3g-00328-00082157-00082444 um so I am going to have to go to the
yEe405m2s3g-00329-00082445-00082667 grocery store soon kind of want to go to
yEe405m2s3g-00330-00082668-00082919 Central Market just for the fun of it
yEe405m2s3g-00331-00082920-00083153 um but I know this weekend is the start
yEe405m2s3g-00332-00083154-00083338 of South by so I feel like you know
yEe405m2s3g-00333-00083339-00083632 we'll be eating out kind of a lot
yEe405m2s3g-00334-00083633-00083873 um but definitely want to just have some
yEe405m2s3g-00335-00083874-00084262 basics in case we have some time to like
yEe405m2s3g-00336-00084263-00084412 eat in
yEe405m2s3g-00337-00084413-00084641 um save some money because we're going
yEe405m2s3g-00338-00084642-00084875 to Nashville soon and I know we're going
yEe405m2s3g-00339-00084876-00084994 to be eating out like every single day
yEe405m2s3g-00340-00084995-00085162 in Nashville I've also just really
yEe405m2s3g-00341-00085163-00085456 enjoyed cooking and it makes me happy
yEe405m2s3g-00342-00085457-00085721 that I do enjoy it again because I feel
yEe405m2s3g-00343-00085722-00085967 like ever since Ryan moved back in I
yEe405m2s3g-00344-00085968-00086153 have more of a reason to cook because
yEe405m2s3g-00345-00086154-00086338 it's so much more fulfilling to cook for
yEe405m2s3g-00346-00086339-00086573 someone else you know so it makes me
yEe405m2s3g-00347-00086574-00086711 happy that I can
yEe405m2s3g-00348-00086712-00086987 feed him and he actually like enjoys my
yEe405m2s3g-00349-00086988-00087179 meals like one time he was like I'm not
yEe405m2s3g-00350-00087180-00087359 really in the mood for fish and then I
yEe405m2s3g-00351-00087360-00087467 made it and he was like wow that's
yEe405m2s3g-00352-00087468-00087641 actually really good and I was like yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00353-00087642-00087862 gotta finish it off with a little bit of
yEe405m2s3g-00354-00087863-00088055 salt
yEe405m2s3g-00355-00088056-00088349 because I love sweet and savory
yEe405m2s3g-00356-00088350-00088559 and this is what it looks like nothing
yEe405m2s3g-00357-00088560-00088823 exciting but it is delicious I really
yEe405m2s3g-00358-00088824-00088943 thought I was gonna like do a lot of
yEe405m2s3g-00359-00088944-00089165 filming today but it just ended up being
yEe405m2s3g-00360-00089166-00089429 a admin day because I wanted to reply to
yEe405m2s3g-00361-00089430-00089597 a lot of like South by Southwest emails
yEe405m2s3g-00362-00089598-00089753 that I've been getting recently and it's
yEe405m2s3g-00363-00089754-00089999 so funny because I was at
yEe405m2s3g-00364-00090000-00090191 um my friend Kayla Quinn's baby shower
yEe405m2s3g-00365-00090192-00090425 on Sunday and so there was a lot of
yEe405m2s3g-00366-00090426-00090587 other influencers there and we were just
yEe405m2s3g-00367-00090588-00090731 like what the heck I haven't really
yEe405m2s3g-00368-00090732-00090941 gotten like that many South by Southwest
yEe405m2s3g-00369-00090942-00091235 emails and last year I feel like
yEe405m2s3g-00370-00091236-00091493 we had started getting them you know
yEe405m2s3g-00371-00091494-00091744 three weeks out and we were just like
yEe405m2s3g-00372-00091745-00091925 maybe not a lot is happening or whatever
yEe405m2s3g-00373-00091926-00092135 but now I'm still getting emails for
yEe405m2s3g-00374-00092136-00092368 South by Southwest events so I feel like
yEe405m2s3g-00375-00092369-00092675 they're just all really last minute and
yEe405m2s3g-00376-00092676-00092800 it's so wild to me because you're
yEe405m2s3g-00377-00092801-00092987 spending all this money to have an event
yEe405m2s3g-00378-00092988-00093209 you probably knew that you're gonna have
yEe405m2s3g-00379-00093210-00093485 the event like months ago
yEe405m2s3g-00380-00093486-00093791 so I wonder what is the reason for such
yEe405m2s3g-00381-00093792-00094055 a last minute invite you know if you
yEe405m2s3g-00382-00094056-00094217 guys have any insight on that I would
yEe405m2s3g-00383-00094218-00094325 love to know because I'm just very
yEe405m2s3g-00384-00094326-00094432 curious
yEe405m2s3g-00385-00094433-00094565 um but I am very excited that I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00386-00094566-00094793 getting invited to some events and
yEe405m2s3g-00387-00094794-00095050 tomorrow's going to be crazy because I
yEe405m2s3g-00388-00095051-00095279 invited one of my friends Amelia to be
yEe405m2s3g-00389-00095280-00095579 my plus one for the last event of the
yEe405m2s3g-00390-00095580-00095776 day and then she texted me do you want
yEe405m2s3g-00391-00095777-00095993 to come to this event before the event
yEe405m2s3g-00392-00095994-00096209 that you invited me to as my plus one so
yEe405m2s3g-00393-00096210-00096406 I was like of course but then I told her
yEe405m2s3g-00394-00096407-00096647 about another event before that event
yEe405m2s3g-00395-00096648-00096881 and it's like literally back to back to
yEe405m2s3g-00396-00096882-00097043 back like kind of overlapping so
yEe405m2s3g-00397-00097044-00097247 tomorrow is going to be very very
yEe405m2s3g-00398-00097248-00097409 interesting and I'll definitely be doing
yEe405m2s3g-00399-00097410-00097625 an in-depth South by Southwest Vlog
yEe405m2s3g-00400-00097626-00097756 because I'm just so excited about
yEe405m2s3g-00401-00097757-00097955 everything so I went ahead and replied
yEe405m2s3g-00402-00097956-00098171 to all the emails and then my friend Kim
yEe405m2s3g-00403-00098172-00098326 texted me
yEe405m2s3g-00404-00098327-00098453 um all the events she's going to and
yEe405m2s3g-00405-00098454-00098597 it's funny because it's like our New
yEe405m2s3g-00406-00098598-00098765 York Fashion Week that's what I treated
yEe405m2s3g-00407-00098766-00098962 as because it's definitely a good place
yEe405m2s3g-00408-00098963-00099179 to network there's so many brands that
yEe405m2s3g-00409-00099180-00099400 come and have events here so I
yEe405m2s3g-00410-00099401-00099623 definitely use it is my New York Fashion
yEe405m2s3g-00411-00099624-00099712 Week
yEe405m2s3g-00412-00099713-00099947 um but my friend was texting me all the
yEe405m2s3g-00413-00099948-00100138 events that she was going to go to to
yEe405m2s3g-00414-00100139-00100265 see if we were like going to be at the
yEe405m2s3g-00415-00100266-00100432 same event there was one with Bumble
yEe405m2s3g-00416-00100433-00100624 that I was like dang I really wish I got
yEe405m2s3g-00417-00100625-00100805 invited to that like in my mind I was
yEe405m2s3g-00418-00100806-00101021 like searching on LinkedIn for a good
yEe405m2s3g-00419-00101022-00101224 contact to maybe like email them my
yEe405m2s3g-00420-00101225-00101429 Media Kit to get an invite I'm sorry
yEe405m2s3g-00421-00101430-00101626 about the lighting it's like kind of the
yEe405m2s3g-00422-00101627-00101867 camera's far away so I'm just gonna let
yEe405m2s3g-00423-00101868-00102011 it do its thing but anyways I was trying
yEe405m2s3g-00424-00102012-00102232 to look on LinkedIn for contact so I
yEe405m2s3g-00425-00102233-00102406 could you know maybe possibly get an
yEe405m2s3g-00426-00102407-00102616 invite for the event and then 20 minutes
yEe405m2s3g-00427-00102617-00102766 after me like trying to search
yEe405m2s3g-00428-00102767-00102916 everything I could
yEe405m2s3g-00429-00102917-00103132 didn't really get anywhere I realized
yEe405m2s3g-00430-00103133-00103277 that I was actually invited to the event
yEe405m2s3g-00431-00103278-00103558 I just forgot to reply to the email I
yEe405m2s3g-00432-00103559-00103732 had opened it and then like didn't put
yEe405m2s3g-00433-00103733-00104044 it back on like unread you know so I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00434-00104045-00104327 stupid I'm so stupid but I'm very
yEe405m2s3g-00435-00104328-00104542 excited for next week and this weekend
yEe405m2s3g-00436-00104543-00104728 it's just gonna be like chaotic and
yEe405m2s3g-00437-00104729-00105034 crazy Ryan is going to a conference in
yEe405m2s3g-00438-00105035-00105340 Georgia on Friday wait no not Friday on
yEe405m2s3g-00439-00105341-00105497 Sunday and then we leave to go to
yEe405m2s3g-00440-00105498-00105773 Nashville on Thursday and
yEe405m2s3g-00441-00105774-00105983 college best friends like seriously
yEe405m2s3g-00442-00105983-00106157 these next two weeks are gonna be
yEe405m2s3g-00443-00106158-00106481 literally the best two weeks probably
yEe405m2s3g-00444-00106482-00106697 very chaotic but
yEe405m2s3g-00445-00106698-00106978 that will be a good Vlog content I guess
yEe405m2s3g-00446-00106979-00107393 so very very excited about that and I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00447-00107394-00107621 currently listening to the new Morgan
yEe405m2s3g-00448-00107622-00107740 Wallen
yEe405m2s3g-00449-00107741-00107831 um
yEe405m2s3g-00450-00107832-00108190 album it has 36 freaking songs on it so
yEe405m2s3g-00451-00108191-00108533 love that and I feel like maybe they'll
yEe405m2s3g-00452-00108533-00108760 play some morning wall and stuff in
yEe405m2s3g-00453-00108761-00108952 Nashville so I'm like trying to study
yEe405m2s3g-00454-00108953-00109319 that and also we got invited to a group
yEe405m2s3g-00455-00109320-00109558 love concert which I feel like I've
yEe405m2s3g-00456-00109559-00109715 heard of that name I definitely know
yEe405m2s3g-00457-00109716-00109840 their one song I think it's called
yEe405m2s3g-00458-00109841-00110033 Tongue Tied it's definitely not my
yEe405m2s3g-00459-00110033-00110177 favorite kind of music but I do really
yEe405m2s3g-00460-00110178-00110416 like kind of like that Indie music
yEe405m2s3g-00461-00110417-00110578 sometimes especially when it's like in
yEe405m2s3g-00462-00110579-00110849 Vlogs I love to put like Indie music in
yEe405m2s3g-00463-00110850-00111071 my Vlogs also Lo-Fi music I feel like I
yEe405m2s3g-00464-00111072-00111245 definitely use the Lo-Fi
yEe405m2s3g-00465-00111246-00111671 more than Indie music but if there's a
yEe405m2s3g-00466-00111672-00111845 reason to use Indie music I definitely
yEe405m2s3g-00467-00111846-00112078 try to because I just feel like it's so
yEe405m2s3g-00468-00112079-00112397 calming so that's happening on
yEe405m2s3g-00469-00112398-00112589 Saturday I think
yEe405m2s3g-00470-00112590-00112990 I think and oh I also just signed up for
yEe405m2s3g-00471-00112991-00113195 fashion or not fashion pass oh my gosh
yEe405m2s3g-00472-00113196-00113416 red the runway I'm gonna actually fix
yEe405m2s3g-00473-00113417-00113554 the lighting because now it's pissing me
yEe405m2s3g-00474-00113555-00113884 off how dark it is sorry about that okay
yEe405m2s3g-00475-00113885-00114190 I did sign up for the Rent the Runway I
yEe405m2s3g-00476-00114191-00114389 have been doing fashion pass
yEe405m2s3g-00477-00114390-00114625 for the past like
yEe405m2s3g-00478-00114626-00114947 uh I think I started in September like
yEe405m2s3g-00479-00114948-00115073 I've actually been doing it for a while
yEe405m2s3g-00480-00115074-00115295 now and I thought I was gonna stop but
yEe405m2s3g-00481-00115296-00115439 then I kept having events and it was
yEe405m2s3g-00482-00115440-00115583 just really useful because I didn't have
yEe405m2s3g-00483-00115583-00115786 to buy like a whole new outfit for that
yEe405m2s3g-00484-00115788-00116008 event and so now that South by Southwest
yEe405m2s3g-00485-00116009-00116236 is here I wanted to dress even nicer and
yEe405m2s3g-00486-00116238-00116465 I know read the runway has like designer
yEe405m2s3g-00487-00116466-00116686 brands on there and it definitely got
yEe405m2s3g-00488-00116688-00116981 way better since I did it for the first
yEe405m2s3g-00489-00116982-00117239 time because I did it before kobit when
yEe405m2s3g-00490-00117240-00117431 they had the unlimited plans really nice
yEe405m2s3g-00491-00117432-00117569 but unfortunately they changed their
yEe405m2s3g-00492-00117570-00117778 plans they don't do unlimited anymore
yEe405m2s3g-00493-00117779-00117947 which kind of sucks but I totally get
yEe405m2s3g-00494-00117948-00118216 like that they were probably like losing
yEe405m2s3g-00495-00118217-00118439 money by doing that I'm not really
yEe405m2s3g-00496-00118440-00118643 exactly sure but
yEe405m2s3g-00497-00118644-00118943 um I'm doing Rent the Runway for my
yEe405m2s3g-00498-00118944-00119140 South by Southwest events and then maybe
yEe405m2s3g-00499-00119141-00119434 Nashville I haven't really searched
yEe405m2s3g-00500-00119435-00119645 to see if there was like any options for
yEe405m2s3g-00501-00119646-00119783 Nashville but
yEe405m2s3g-00502-00119783-00120071 we will see I'm planning on like
yEe405m2s3g-00503-00120072-00120293 returning all the clothes on Sunday so
yEe405m2s3g-00504-00120294-00120557 that I can like really quickly you know
yEe405m2s3g-00505-00120558-00120808 put in my uh selects for Nashville and
yEe405m2s3g-00506-00120809-00121013 hopefully get it before Thursday
yEe405m2s3g-00507-00121014-00121307 we'll see if that is even a possibility
yEe405m2s3g-00508-00121308-00121493 I was going through my funk of just
yEe405m2s3g-00509-00121494-00121678 feeling really not passionate about
yEe405m2s3g-00510-00121679-00121865 YouTube and stuff and I'm not gonna say
yEe405m2s3g-00511-00121866-00122051 I'm not over it because I'm still kind
yEe405m2s3g-00512-00122052-00122213 of feeling that way but I tried to make
yEe405m2s3g-00513-00122214-00122465 a list of how I'm different from other
yEe405m2s3g-00514-00122466-00122723 YouTubers and content creators and on
yEe405m2s3g-00515-00122724-00122957 that list was that I'm a photographer
yEe405m2s3g-00516-00122958-00123113 and I feel like I definitely don't show
yEe405m2s3g-00517-00123114-00123419 a lot of what that entails in my
yEe405m2s3g-00518-00123420-00123593 everyday life so let me know if you guys
yEe405m2s3g-00519-00123594-00123808 would be interested in that I feel like
yEe405m2s3g-00520-00123809-00123995 that's very Niche though so if you don't
yEe405m2s3g-00521-00123996-00124169 really care about photography you might
yEe405m2s3g-00522-00124170-00124475 not give a so I don't know my fear
yEe405m2s3g-00523-00124476-00124775 of creating that kind of content is that
yEe405m2s3g-00524-00124776-00124943 I'll Niche myself down and like put
yEe405m2s3g-00525-00124944-00125116 myself into a box and I definitely don't
yEe405m2s3g-00526-00125117-00125327 want to be creating like photography
yEe405m2s3g-00527-00125328-00125519 content all the time and I do try to
yEe405m2s3g-00528-00125520-00125723 separate them like I'll have my separate
yEe405m2s3g-00529-00125724-00125878 Pinterest photography account and then
yEe405m2s3g-00530-00125879-00126010 I'll have my separate Instagram
yEe405m2s3g-00531-00126011-00126352 photography account and I'll try and you
yEe405m2s3g-00532-00126353-00126628 know to separate them as best as I can
yEe405m2s3g-00533-00126629-00126778 um so if you guys are interested in my
yEe405m2s3g-00534-00126779-00126947 photography stuff definitely go follow
yEe405m2s3g-00535-00126948-00127240 me on all those platforms it's sonali
yEe405m2s3g-00536-00127241-00127552 Productions and I post like tick tocks
yEe405m2s3g-00537-00127553-00127852 and reels not as often as I should be
yEe405m2s3g-00538-00127853-00128069 but there's just like a lot going on in
yEe405m2s3g-00539-00128070-00128363 my brain all the time so
yEe405m2s3g-00540-00128364-00128663 I am very excited though because tonight
yEe405m2s3g-00541-00128664-00128902 Ryan was like we should just go to get
yEe405m2s3g-00542-00128903-00129107 some tacos and I was like okay I'm so
yEe405m2s3g-00543-00129108-00129389 down and he said we should go to Gyros
yEe405m2s3g-00544-00129390-00129569 is it gueros or Garros I don't really
yEe405m2s3g-00545-00129570-00129713 know how to pronounce it on South
yEe405m2s3g-00546-00129714-00129851 Congress and they have the best
yEe405m2s3g-00547-00129852-00130054 raspberry marks you have to get the
yEe405m2s3g-00548-00130055-00130258 Frozen marks because the house marks are
yEe405m2s3g-00549-00130259-00130528 disgusting Ryan always gets the house
yEe405m2s3g-00550-00130529-00130757 marks like he forgets that they're gross
yEe405m2s3g-00551-00130758-00130864 but
yEe405m2s3g-00552-00130865-00131063 um the frozen raspberry marks oh my
yEe405m2s3g-00553-00131064-00131357 goodness I'm so excited and then I get
yEe405m2s3g-00554-00131358-00131639 the pastor tacos so good they have like
yEe405m2s3g-00555-00131640-00131807 pineapple I love the pasta with
yEe405m2s3g-00556-00131808-00132113 pineapple some of the street Taco like
yEe405m2s3g-00557-00132114-00132328 taco trucks don't do the pineapple and
yEe405m2s3g-00558-00132329-00132563 makes me sad because I feel like it just
yEe405m2s3g-00559-00132564-00132785 makes them pass to our pastor but
yEe405m2s3g-00560-00132786-00132995 I invited my friends and their
yEe405m2s3g-00561-00132996-00133204 boyfriends to come meet us my friend
yEe405m2s3g-00562-00133205-00133589 actually just um she facetimed me like I
yEe405m2s3g-00563-00133590-00133775 think it was two hours ago but I got so
yEe405m2s3g-00564-00133776-00133966 happy it's so weird when you don't see
yEe405m2s3g-00565-00133967-00134164 like your friends I guess throughout the
yEe405m2s3g-00566-00134165-00134302 week sometimes we'll hang out during the
yEe405m2s3g-00567-00134303-00134464 week but but the weeks we don't it feels
yEe405m2s3g-00568-00134465-00134602 like I haven't seen these girls in
yEe405m2s3g-00569-00134603-00134764 months when I see them on the weekend
yEe405m2s3g-00570-00134765-00135064 like I'm so dramatic but
yEe405m2s3g-00571-00135065-00135263 it's so sad so I was really excited that
yEe405m2s3g-00572-00135264-00135401 she facetimed me and we had a little
yEe405m2s3g-00573-00135402-00135647 vent sesh so that was really fun okay I
yEe405m2s3g-00574-00135648-00135749 need to get back to work because I
yEe405m2s3g-00575-00135750-00135928 really want to finish like at least two
yEe405m2s3g-00576-00135929-00136337 of these Galleries and I do want to try
yEe405m2s3g-00577-00136338-00136637 to create some tick tocks before dinner
yEe405m2s3g-00578-00136638-00136787 so
yEe405m2s3g-00579-00136788-00137195 I'm gonna hunker down and edit
yEe405m2s3g-00580-00137196-00137507 apartment so if I need to clean
yEe405m2s3g-00581-00137508-00137693 same I like throwing everything
yEe405m2s3g-00582-00137694-00137909 everywhere I feel like so careful wait
yEe405m2s3g-00583-00137910-00138202 also so Ryan is back now yeah did I not
yEe405m2s3g-00584-00138203-00138454 tell you when did that happen in
yEe405m2s3g-00585-00138455-00138599 February
yEe405m2s3g-00586-00138600-00138839 oh my God have you are you so happy to
yEe405m2s3g-00587-00138840-00139025 have it back yeah like I went through
yEe405m2s3g-00588-00139026-00139343 like my roller coaster kind though yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00589-00139344-00139673 because I was like so used to being
yEe405m2s3g-00590-00139674-00139919 alone and stuff and then like he came
yEe405m2s3g-00591-00139920-00140219 back and then I um
yEe405m2s3g-00592-00140220-00140452 link you know having a man and then like
yEe405m2s3g-00593-00140453-00140597 him just like
yEe405m2s3g-00594-00140598-00140861 having it ugly yeah like and having his
yEe405m2s3g-00595-00140862-00141095 shoes like just walking everywhere with
yEe405m2s3g-00596-00141096-00141263 the shoes and I'm just like can you just
yEe405m2s3g-00597-00141264-00141478 take them off and like I had to get used
yEe405m2s3g-00598-00141479-00141707 to like that and like just not nagging
yEe405m2s3g-00599-00141708-00142019 him so much you know yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00600-00142020-00142301 um but like now it is so nice and I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00601-00142302-00142516 like every time he goes to golf I'm like
yEe405m2s3g-00602-00142517-00142666 can you not leave me like just don't
yEe405m2s3g-00603-00142667-00142843 ever leave me again
yEe405m2s3g-00604-00142844-00143123 oh no wait
yEe405m2s3g-00605-00143124-00143393 actually try and find a noon or like
yEe405m2s3g-00606-00143394-00143675 once the tea would like oh my God
yEe405m2s3g-00607-00143676-00143814 Yeah so
yEe405m2s3g-00608-00143815-00144233 basically the house situation like my
yEe405m2s3g-00609-00144234-00144439 lease ends in November
yEe405m2s3g-00610-00144440-00144683 and like I don't want to rush anything
yEe405m2s3g-00611-00144684-00144851 because I really don't want to pay the
yEe405m2s3g-00612-00144852-00145019 to break a lease because that is not
yEe405m2s3g-00613-00145020-00145373 cheap yeah so um
yEe405m2s3g-00614-00145374-00145595 we're just like looking I mean we like
yEe405m2s3g-00615-00145596-00145799 my friend Kiana is our realtor so she
yEe405m2s3g-00616-00145800-00145990 has a set up in like the MLS and stuff
yEe405m2s3g-00617-00145991-00146333 so like I check it like very often and I
yEe405m2s3g-00618-00146334-00146614 saw this like really nice duplex thingy
yEe405m2s3g-00619-00146615-00146861 which it would be smaller than where
yEe405m2s3g-00620-00146862-00146999 we're living in because like obviously
yEe405m2s3g-00621-00147000-00147149 we would live in one and rent up the
yEe405m2s3g-00622-00147150-00147352 other but it was like
yEe405m2s3g-00623-00147353-00147575 but we could rent out other for like
yEe405m2s3g-00624-00147576-00147785 stupid amounts of money and like it was
yEe405m2s3g-00625-00147786-00147971 like a really good like it was South
yEe405m2s3g-00626-00147972-00148114 which I don't really want to be South
yEe405m2s3g-00627-00148115-00148354 but it was a good location compared to
yEe405m2s3g-00628-00148355-00148504 like things
yEe405m2s3g-00629-00148505-00148739 like places to go and stuff
yEe405m2s3g-00630-00148740-00148919 and it was like kind of pretty much
yEe405m2s3g-00631-00148920-00149195 fully renovated and stuff but I just
yEe405m2s3g-00632-00149196-00149375 don't know when to be serious about like
yEe405m2s3g-00633-00149376-00149609 the house buying stuff you know like
yEe405m2s3g-00634-00149610-00149766 um
yEe405m2s3g-00635-00149767-00150077 they said specifically little Tick Tock
yEe405m2s3g-00636-00150078-00150395 said that specifically Austin is going
yEe405m2s3g-00637-00150396-00150587 to like like the houses are gonna drop
yEe405m2s3g-00638-00150588-00150845 like they said Q2 which technically it's
yEe405m2s3g-00639-00150846-00151235 Q2 already right no it will be here too
yEe405m2s3g-00640-00151236-00151481 in April oh yeah so they said like Q2
yEe405m2s3g-00641-00151482-00151919 was when it would start showing oh God I
yEe405m2s3g-00642-00151920-00152064 know
yEe405m2s3g-00643-00152065-00152375 I would like cry when I see all
yEe405m2s3g-00644-00152376-00152735 content right but Ryan Ryan's telling me
yEe405m2s3g-00645-00152736-00152890 like we should buy a fixer-upper and
yEe405m2s3g-00646-00152891-00153154 like I I feel that because like
yEe405m2s3g-00647-00153155-00153376 obviously if I buy a house like I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00648-00153377-00153545 gonna want to change things anyways
yEe405m2s3g-00649-00153546-00153676 because like I have such a specific
yEe405m2s3g-00650-00153677-00153869 aesthetic
yEe405m2s3g-00651-00153870-00154163 but like I don't know like that's gonna
yEe405m2s3g-00652-00154164-00154493 take so long and what if you guys found
yEe405m2s3g-00653-00154494-00154673 like a good cheap
yEe405m2s3g-00654-00154674-00154913 pickup earth like now yeah still save
yEe405m2s3g-00655-00154914-00155171 your apartment or like at this place
yEe405m2s3g-00656-00155172-00155369 that was like practically ready for you
yEe405m2s3g-00657-00155370-00155626 in November yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00658-00155627-00155861 I don't know it's just like again like
yEe405m2s3g-00659-00155862-00156083 so hard to like even be like so serious
yEe405m2s3g-00660-00156084-00156335 about it because I'm like scared
yEe405m2s3g-00661-00156336-00156640 oh my God that's honestly so exciting
yEe405m2s3g-00662-00156641-00156923 though yeah and it's gonna happen this
yEe405m2s3g-00663-00156924-00157073 year because I'm manifesting like I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00664-00157074-00157313 not taking no for an answer you know
yEe405m2s3g-00665-00157314-00157654 yeah it's happened this year so yeah I
yEe405m2s3g-00666-00157655-00157804 feel it
yEe405m2s3g-00667-00157805-00158039 um but South by Southwest is coming up
yEe405m2s3g-00668-00158040-00158393 when like starts on tomorrow
yEe405m2s3g-00669-00158394-00158597 what yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00670-00158598-00158885 I didn't know that it's very chaotic
yEe405m2s3g-00671-00158886-00159214 because all of the invites are still
yEe405m2s3g-00672-00159215-00159509 last minute like so last night I forgot
yEe405m2s3g-00673-00159510-00159749 to bring my Vlog camera
yEe405m2s3g-00674-00159750-00159971 I did bring my new fun camera they're
yEe405m2s3g-00675-00159972-00160223 going to dinner getting some tacos and
yEe405m2s3g-00676-00160224-00160421 marks and our friends are meeting us I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00677-00160422-00160576 so excited to see them guys things are
yEe405m2s3g-00678-00160577-00160763 already happening for South Side things
yEe405m2s3g-00679-00160764-00160973 are getting set up I'm going to this
yEe405m2s3g-00680-00160974-00161266 event on Saturday I believe
yEe405m2s3g-00681-00161267-00161507 but this is so fun
yEe405m2s3g-00682-00161508-00161645 Amazon yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00683-00161646-00163837 [Music]
yEe405m2s3g-00684-00163838-00164219 thank you
yEe405m2s3g-00685-00164220-00164507 good morning it is Friday and it is
yEe405m2s3g-00686-00164508-00164789 officially South by Southwest honestly
yEe405m2s3g-00687-00164790-00164981 this came way too fast like I don't even
yEe405m2s3g-00688-00164982-00165125 know how this happened this year is
yEe405m2s3g-00689-00165126-00165371 already flying by so fast
yEe405m2s3g-00690-00165372-00165701 um also yes I'm not sure I'll ever
yEe405m2s3g-00691-00165702-00166001 suffering my sort of t-shirts I threw
yEe405m2s3g-00692-00166002-00166204 away a bunch like the ones that weren't
yEe405m2s3g-00693-00166205-00166373 that comfortable but I definitely kept
yEe405m2s3g-00694-00166374-00166649 my favorites and and I have about like
yEe405m2s3g-00695-00166650-00166876 nine favorites so
yEe405m2s3g-00696-00166877-00167093 I feel like I'm gonna be 30 something
yEe405m2s3g-00697-00167094-00167285 and wearing these t-shirts also Ryan
yEe405m2s3g-00698-00167286-00167501 loves to remind me that I'm very close
yEe405m2s3g-00699-00167502-00167789 to 30. but my sister's even closer she's
yEe405m2s3g-00700-00167790-00168161 turning 29 this month 29 myself that's
yEe405m2s3g-00701-00168162-00168425 like so weird I mean I'm only 26 so I'm
yEe405m2s3g-00702-00168426-00168695 I'm a little farther out but still like
yEe405m2s3g-00703-00168696-00169019 definitely above that 25 Line Get Close
yEe405m2s3g-00704-00169020-00169301 get scary today I have three events back
yEe405m2s3g-00705-00169302-00169451 to back like I don't even know how we're
yEe405m2s3g-00706-00169452-00169597 gonna do it I don't know if we're gonna
yEe405m2s3g-00707-00169598-00169954 drive my car or Uber because I'm going
yEe405m2s3g-00708-00169955-00170195 with my friend Amelia I told them
yEe405m2s3g-00709-00170196-00170393 but we want to change for all of them
yEe405m2s3g-00710-00170394-00170519 that definitely makes it a little bit
yEe405m2s3g-00711-00170520-00170663 harder
yEe405m2s3g-00712-00170664-00170999 um so so to think about that I also have
yEe405m2s3g-00713-00171000-00171221 to figure out what I'm wearing I haven't
yEe405m2s3g-00714-00171222-00171539 really open to my rent Runway package
yEe405m2s3g-00715-00171540-00171809 um so we'll do all that today my main
yEe405m2s3g-00716-00171810-00172066 priority today is getting my toes done
yEe405m2s3g-00717-00172067-00172385 because they are actually atrocious I
yEe405m2s3g-00718-00172386-00172523 was trying to wait as long as I could
yEe405m2s3g-00719-00172524-00172835 until a stop by and then Nashville
yEe405m2s3g-00720-00172836-00172973 um to get my toes done I've been doing
yEe405m2s3g-00721-00172974-00173404 my own Nails recently and I love doing
yEe405m2s3g-00722-00173405-00173626 my own Nails I mean definitely does not
yEe405m2s3g-00723-00173627-00173837 save me any time at all because it takes
yEe405m2s3g-00724-00173838-00174047 like so much more time because I want to
yEe405m2s3g-00725-00174048-00174281 be like so perfect with them but
yEe405m2s3g-00726-00174282-00174551 basically now they've kind of grown out
yEe405m2s3g-00727-00174552-00174863 so I could use my real nails but two of
yEe405m2s3g-00728-00174864-00175025 them were short
yEe405m2s3g-00729-00175026-00175325 or like too short so I decided to use
yEe405m2s3g-00730-00175326-00175540 like the little gel X press-ons and
yEe405m2s3g-00731-00175541-00175799 basically gel X is like it's like a fake
yEe405m2s3g-00732-00175800-00176045 nail it's a press on that you put on
yEe405m2s3g-00733-00176046-00176266 your nail you glue it on and then paint
yEe405m2s3g-00734-00176267-00176501 gel over it that's gel X and then
yEe405m2s3g-00735-00176502-00176747 Builder gel is what I have on like every
yEe405m2s3g-00736-00176748-00176885 nail
yEe405m2s3g-00737-00176886-00177076 um and that is just what makes your nail
yEe405m2s3g-00738-00177077-00177316 a little bit thicker like a real nail
yEe405m2s3g-00739-00177317-00177635 so I can grow out really nicely
yEe405m2s3g-00740-00177636-00177797 um so I'm trying to build a jaw out for
yEe405m2s3g-00741-00177798-00178114 the first time and so far so good one
yEe405m2s3g-00742-00178115-00178343 chipped which is sad but it's
yEe405m2s3g-00743-00178344-00178571 whatever we do I'm for Nashville I also
yEe405m2s3g-00744-00178572-00178888 bought like a couple of OPI gel colors
yEe405m2s3g-00745-00178889-00179116 on Walmart.com I always thought you had
yEe405m2s3g-00746-00179117-00179345 to have like a little beauty license
yEe405m2s3g-00747-00179346-00179626 number to get OPI gel so I'm very
yEe405m2s3g-00748-00179627-00179801 excited about that I got like all the
yEe405m2s3g-00749-00179802-00180035 good ones like funny bunny
yEe405m2s3g-00750-00180036-00180316 um my favorite OPI gel or just regular
yEe405m2s3g-00751-00180317-00180652 nail polish is do you take layaway lay
yEe405m2s3g-00752-00180653-00180983 spelled l-e-i so good such a perfect
yEe405m2s3g-00753-00180984-00181252 neutral for my skin tone at least
yEe405m2s3g-00754-00181253-00181409 um I can't remember the oh bubble bath
yEe405m2s3g-00755-00181410-00181595 of course literally just all the
yEe405m2s3g-00756-00181596-00181828 classics I slept in a bit I need to wash
yEe405m2s3g-00757-00181829-00182002 my hair and then we're gonna go to the
yEe405m2s3g-00758-00182003-00182159 nail salon right when they open so I
yEe405m2s3g-00759-00182160-00182357 don't have to wait
yEe405m2s3g-00760-00182358-00182681 um but first let's do like a little mask
yEe405m2s3g-00761-00182682-00182938 I think I'm gonna do like two
yEe405m2s3g-00762-00182939-00183214 masks today let's see let's see here is
yEe405m2s3g-00763-00183215-00183509 the mask of choice for today bloom
yEe405m2s3g-00764-00183510-00183683 I've only heard about this recently it
yEe405m2s3g-00765-00183684-00183863 was gifted
yEe405m2s3g-00766-00183864-00183959 um
yEe405m2s3g-00767-00183960-00184133 I think it's a little Sephora I don't
yEe405m2s3g-00768-00184134-00184354 know 100 sure I've used this already
yEe405m2s3g-00769-00184355-00184583 it's kind of like a charcoal mask I just
yEe405m2s3g-00770-00184584-00184781 want to you know get all this stuff out
yEe405m2s3g-00771-00184782-00184973 for my pores but let me brush my teeth
yEe405m2s3g-00772-00184974-00185164 wash my face all that good stuff I know
yEe405m2s3g-00773-00185165-00185435 everyone hates this headband but I think
yEe405m2s3g-00774-00185436-00185687 it's cool and useful so this is actually
yEe405m2s3g-00775-00185688-00185926 purple
yEe405m2s3g-00776-00185927-00186269 purple pink
yEe405m2s3g-00777-00186270-00186388 I just feel like
yEe405m2s3g-00778-00186389-00186695 I need a little TLC
yEe405m2s3g-00779-00186696-00186928 honestly around my nose that's like
yEe405m2s3g-00780-00186929-00188525 I feel like the most clogged
yEe405m2s3g-00781-00188526-00188813 I always have to clean a little bit in
yEe405m2s3g-00782-00188814-00188945 the mornings if I don't do it in the
yEe405m2s3g-00783-00188946-00189185 evenings like I prefer to do it in
yEe405m2s3g-00784-00189186-00189443 evenings but sometimes it doesn't always
yEe405m2s3g-00785-00189444-00189587 happen that way
yEe405m2s3g-00786-00189588-00190073 so I just did some dishes and
yEe405m2s3g-00787-00190074-00190325 now I'm gonna hop in the shower it's
yEe405m2s3g-00788-00190326-00190564 definitely hair wash day so
yEe405m2s3g-00789-00190565-00190793 we'll get that taken care of we'll shave
yEe405m2s3g-00790-00190794-00191057 wash this face mask off in the shower
yEe405m2s3g-00791-00191058-00191428 and then head over to the nail salon
yEe405m2s3g-00792-00191429-00191645 back home got my toes done I actually
yEe405m2s3g-00793-00191646-00191902 love this color it was Lisbon once more
yEe405m2s3g-00794-00191903-00192095 probably one of my favorite pet cares
yEe405m2s3g-00795-00192096-00192328 I've ever gotten so very pumped about
yEe405m2s3g-00796-00192329-00192514 that I went to Central Market because I
yEe405m2s3g-00797-00192515-00192695 feel like we don't really have much food
yEe405m2s3g-00798-00192696-00192964 in the fridge Ryan says otherwise he
yEe405m2s3g-00799-00192965-00193175 said there's too much stuff in the
yEe405m2s3g-00800-00193176-00193337 fridge but
yEe405m2s3g-00801-00193338-00193601 you know how like we just have a lot of
yEe405m2s3g-00802-00193602-00193823 random little things but they just don't
yEe405m2s3g-00803-00193824-00194051 make a meal so I think that's what's
yEe405m2s3g-00804-00194052-00194399 going on got some Lactaid milk I bought
yEe405m2s3g-00805-00194400-00194578 some sushi because I thought that would
yEe405m2s3g-00806-00194579-00194783 just be like a quick little meal
yEe405m2s3g-00807-00194784-00194969 although I don't know if their Sushi is
yEe405m2s3g-00808-00194970-00195221 like amazing I ran out of this oat milk
yEe405m2s3g-00809-00195222-00195514 and it is such a good oat milk and I've
yEe405m2s3g-00810-00195515-00195647 only ever really seen it at Central
yEe405m2s3g-00811-00195648-00195881 Market just thought this could be a
yEe405m2s3g-00812-00195882-00196175 yummy side one day to deter me from
yEe405m2s3g-00813-00196176-00196433 going to Chick-fil-A
yEe405m2s3g-00814-00196434-00196607 um we got some butter sticks just
yEe405m2s3g-00815-00196608-00196745 because I feel like it's good to have
yEe405m2s3g-00816-00196746-00196949 and we don't have like just normal
yEe405m2s3g-00817-00196950-00197143 butter other than my like vegan butter
yEe405m2s3g-00818-00197144-00197507 mushrooms of course we have Ollie pop
yEe405m2s3g-00819-00197508-00197831 but I actually have a box of lollipops
yEe405m2s3g-00820-00197832-00198023 sitting in an Amazon box over there I
yEe405m2s3g-00821-00198024-00198287 got like a variety pack on Amazon
yEe405m2s3g-00822-00198288-00198497 um but they did not have this flavor
yEe405m2s3g-00823-00198498-00198713 which is one of the newer ones tropical
yEe405m2s3g-00824-00198714-00199061 punch is so so yummy
yEe405m2s3g-00825-00199062-00199300 um right I did get meat and cheese for a
yEe405m2s3g-00826-00199301-00199799 sandwich if you want
yEe405m2s3g-00827-00199800-00200069 we got arugula I've been really having a
yEe405m2s3g-00828-00200070-00200266 hard time finding arugula lately I don't
yEe405m2s3g-00829-00200267-00200513 know if there's like a shortage or
yEe405m2s3g-00830-00200514-00200902 what's going on but very interesting I
yEe405m2s3g-00831-00200903-00201154 got some bacon because I've been like
yEe405m2s3g-00832-00201155-00201431 craving bacon lately and some Lily's
yEe405m2s3g-00833-00201432-00201599 chocolate
yEe405m2s3g-00834-00201600-00201869 it says no sugar added I feel like I had
yEe405m2s3g-00835-00201870-00202114 like a salted caramel last time and I
yEe405m2s3g-00836-00202115-00202259 couldn't find that and I was really sad
yEe405m2s3g-00837-00202260-00202540 because that was really good
yEe405m2s3g-00838-00202541-00202661 um let's see
yEe405m2s3g-00839-00202662-00203045 oh so good I used to eat these when I
yEe405m2s3g-00840-00203046-00203213 was like younger
yEe405m2s3g-00841-00203214-00203507 um they're just like a quick yummy meal
yEe405m2s3g-00842-00203508-00203657 maybe not the healthiest I got these
yEe405m2s3g-00843-00203658-00203831 little non-dippers because I have hummus
yEe405m2s3g-00844-00203832-00203969 in the fridge I don't think it's
yEe405m2s3g-00845-00203970-00204209 expiring for a while so got those to eat
yEe405m2s3g-00846-00204210-00204485 it up and then bananas even though I
yEe405m2s3g-00847-00204486-00204587 have
yEe405m2s3g-00848-00204588-00204799 bananas that are um
yEe405m2s3g-00849-00204800-00205060 rotting away over there but that's just
yEe405m2s3g-00850-00205061-00205307 how life Works guys that's just how it
yEe405m2s3g-00851-00205308-00205666 goes you just keep buying bananas and
yEe405m2s3g-00852-00205667-00205816 then I have a whole thing of baby
yEe405m2s3g-00853-00205817-00206051 spinach I like putting that in like my
yEe405m2s3g-00854-00206052-00206327 smoothies or just like as a side like to
yEe405m2s3g-00855-00206328-00206740 do garlic spinach is very fast and yum
yEe405m2s3g-00856-00206741-00206957 wait is that it
yEe405m2s3g-00857-00206958-00207251 okay that's it and now I have to put it
yEe405m2s3g-00858-00207252-00207436 all away okay never mind this is the
yEe405m2s3g-00859-00207437-00207701 last thing I got and I've been seeing so
yEe405m2s3g-00860-00207702-00208079 much about this olive oil on Tick Tock I
yEe405m2s3g-00861-00208080-00208288 got the one that's just bird drizzling
yEe405m2s3g-00862-00208289-00208457 so you would just drizzle it on like
yEe405m2s3g-00863-00208458-00208696 your dish or whatever after
yEe405m2s3g-00864-00208698-00208888 um I wonder if you can just like eat it
yEe405m2s3g-00865-00208889-00209057 with bread there was one for sizzling
yEe405m2s3g-00866-00209058-00209303 but I already have like olive oil to
yEe405m2s3g-00867-00209304-00209501 like you know cook with so I just got
yEe405m2s3g-00868-00209502-00209741 the drizzle one so excited to use that
yEe405m2s3g-00869-00209742-00210060 and now let's put it away
yEe405m2s3g-00870-00210061-00211510 [Music]
yEe405m2s3g-00871-00211511-00211619 yeah
yEe405m2s3g-00872-00211619-00211844 foreign
yEe405m2s3g-00873-00211846-00212857 [Music]
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00000-00000029-00000335 okay
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00001-00000336-00001673 so February solver
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00003-00006194-00006706 thank you
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00004-00006708-00007109 hey
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00005-00007109-00008308 foreign
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00006-00008309-00009064 [Music]
yOmFrPf8Qu8-00007-00009065-00009278 thank you
yOakHZET3JA-00000-00000008-00000261 the truth about central banking and
yOakHZET3JA-00001-00000262-00000523 business cycles pretty much every
yOakHZET3JA-00002-00000524-00000733 country on the planet has a central bank
yOakHZET3JA-00003-00000734-00001011 and they are causing more harm than good
yOakHZET3JA-00004-00001011-00001345 for some reason the topic of banking is
yOakHZET3JA-00005-00001346-00001629 shrouded in confusion and mystery it
yOakHZET3JA-00006-00001630-00001893 doesn't need to be banks provide an
yOakHZET3JA-00007-00001894-00002104 essential service and market economies
yOakHZET3JA-00008-00002105-00002307 and when governments create a central
yOakHZET3JA-00009-00002308-00002490 bank that throws a wrench into
yOakHZET3JA-00010-00002491-00002793 everything to understand the problems
yOakHZET3JA-00011-00002794-00003015 with central banking we first need to
yOakHZET3JA-00012-00003016-00003247 understand what banks are supposed to do
yOakHZET3JA-00013-00003247-00003531 in a free market simply put banks
yOakHZET3JA-00014-00003532-00003820 coordinate people's plans for plans of
yOakHZET3JA-00015-00003821-00004090 savers and consumers as we already know
yOakHZET3JA-00016-00004090-00004336 when somebody saves their money in a
yOakHZET3JA-00017-00004337-00004534 bank it becomes available for an
yOakHZET3JA-00018-00004535-00004816 entrepreneur to borrow but banking isn't
yOakHZET3JA-00019-00004817-00005077 just about paper changing hands you've
yOakHZET3JA-00020-00005078-00005341 got to dig a little deeper that money
yOakHZET3JA-00021-00005342-00005575 represents something the ability to
yOakHZET3JA-00022-00005576-00005872 consume goods and services you have a
yOakHZET3JA-00023-00005873-00006120 dollar you have the ability to purchase
yOakHZET3JA-00024-00006121-00006411 a candy bar and you don't you don't
yOakHZET3JA-00025-00006412-00006720 here's what that means when somebody
yOakHZET3JA-00026-00006722-00006948 saves money in a bank they're choosing
yOakHZET3JA-00027-00006950-00007209 to forgo their consumption and allow
yOakHZET3JA-00028-00007211-00007506 somebody else to consume in their place
yOakHZET3JA-00029-00007506-00007768 why is this coordination important
yOakHZET3JA-00030-00007769-00008059 because at any given time there are only
yOakHZET3JA-00031-00008059-00008329 a certain amount of goods and services
yOakHZET3JA-00032-00008330-00008623 in the economy and of our plans aren't
yOakHZET3JA-00033-00008624-00008845 coordinated there's no way to know what
yOakHZET3JA-00034-00008846-00009133 projects were able to undertake turns
yOakHZET3JA-00035-00009134-00009394 out which projects entrepreneurs start
yOakHZET3JA-00036-00009395-00009631 is strongly influenced by the interest
yOakHZET3JA-00037-00009632-00009925 rate how expensive it is to borrow many
yOakHZET3JA-00038-00009926-00010258 in a free market interest rates are
yOakHZET3JA-00039-00010259-00010519 determined by the balance between savers
yOakHZET3JA-00040-00010520-00010816 and consumers the more people save the
yOakHZET3JA-00041-00010817-00010852 more
yOakHZET3JA-00042-00010853-00011103 funds become available to lend and the
yOakHZET3JA-00043-00011104-00011377 lower the interest rate the less people
yOakHZET3JA-00044-00011378-00011641 save the less funds available to lend
yOakHZET3JA-00045-00011642-00011959 and the higher the interest rate when
yOakHZET3JA-00046-00011960-00012220 credits expensive only the safest
yOakHZET3JA-00047-00012221-00012496 projects get funded and credits cheap
yOakHZET3JA-00048-00012497-00012751 entrepreneurs can start longer term or
yOakHZET3JA-00049-00012752-00013113 riskier projects but remember banking
yOakHZET3JA-00050-00013115-00013366 isn't just about paper changing hands
yOakHZET3JA-00051-00013366-00013576 when a developer needs money to
yOakHZET3JA-00052-00013577-00013791 construct a building it's not the paper
yOakHZET3JA-00053-00013793-00014022 that you needs it's what the paper
yOakHZET3JA-00054-00014022-00014365 represents goods and services to consume
yOakHZET3JA-00055-00014366-00014605 in the short term after all
yOakHZET3JA-00056-00014606-00014782 it takes many different goods to
yOakHZET3JA-00057-00014783-00015010 construct a building not just concrete
yOakHZET3JA-00058-00015011-00015097 and steel
yOakHZET3JA-00059-00015097-00015478 it also takes food shelter cars clothing
yOakHZET3JA-00060-00015479-00015766 health services and many other goods and
yOakHZET3JA-00061-00015766-00016060 services for the employees construction
yOakHZET3JA-00062-00016061-00016266 workers obviously don't get paid and
yOakHZET3JA-00063-00016268-00016585 phooey or clothing they get money but
yOakHZET3JA-00064-00016586-00016872 that money represents all the goods and
yOakHZET3JA-00065-00016873-00017094 services which can be purchased with it
yOakHZET3JA-00066-00017095-00017422 so here's the key when someone saves
yOakHZET3JA-00067-00017423-00017635 their money which means they don't
yOakHZET3JA-00068-00017636-00017856 consume a good or service they are
yOakHZET3JA-00069-00017857-00018103 making it possible for other people to
yOakHZET3JA-00070-00018104-00018286 consume with their money while
yOakHZET3JA-00071-00018287-00018531 undertaking projects like the
yOakHZET3JA-00072-00018532-00018742 construction worker who demands goods
yOakHZET3JA-00073-00018743-00019044 and services while he works now this
yOakHZET3JA-00074-00019045-00019272 works fine and dandy within a free
yOakHZET3JA-00075-00019273-00019424 market but we
yOakHZET3JA-00076-00019425-00019694 we'll have a free market instead this
yOakHZET3JA-00077-00019695-00019949 precise system gets turned on its head
yOakHZET3JA-00078-00019950-00020176 when governments intervene
yOakHZET3JA-00079-00020177-00020444 remember that interest rate well when
yOakHZET3JA-00080-00020445-00020717 central banks meddle with it no longer
yOakHZET3JA-00081-00020718-00020960 represents the true relationship between
yOakHZET3JA-00082-00020961-00021347 savers and consumers in fact central
yOakHZET3JA-00083-00021348-00021623 bank's often intentionally lower the
yOakHZET3JA-00084-00021624-00021848 interest rate to help stimulate the
yOakHZET3JA-00085-00021849-00022169 economy how do they do this by creating
yOakHZET3JA-00086-00022170-00022421 new money to inject into the economy and
yOakHZET3JA-00087-00022422-00022647 sure enough when the interest rate is
yOakHZET3JA-00088-00022648-00022949 artificially low the economy tends to
yOakHZET3JA-00089-00022950-00023207 boom banks lend more as businesses
yOakHZET3JA-00090-00023208-00023429 undertake new and longer-term
yOakHZET3JA-00091-00023430-00023726 projects as they expand unfortunately
yOakHZET3JA-00092-00023727-00023972 many of these loans turn out to be bad
yOakHZET3JA-00093-00023973-00024293 investments and this boom is destined to
yOakHZET3JA-00094-00024294-00024626 bust for the start here's why instead of
yOakHZET3JA-00095-00024627-00024857 what happens in a free market where one
yOakHZET3JA-00096-00024858-00025034 person's savings is another's
yOakHZET3JA-00097-00025035-00025346 consumption loans not back by savings
yOakHZET3JA-00098-00025347-00025631 result in both parties trying to consume
yOakHZET3JA-00099-00025632-00025759 at the same time
yOakHZET3JA-00100-00025760-00026033 legendary economist Ludwig von Mises
yOakHZET3JA-00101-00026033-00026377 call this overconsumption and it leads
yOakHZET3JA-00102-00026379-00026699 to all kinds of problems for example if
yOakHZET3JA-00103-00026700-00026981 a bricklayer thinks he has 10,000 bricks
yOakHZET3JA-00104-00026982-00027175 and starts a new construction project
yOakHZET3JA-00105-00027176-00027629 but he really only has 1000 bricks he is
yOakHZET3JA-00106-00027630-00027895 destined to fail and there
yOakHZET3JA-00107-00027895-00028170 navigable bust is he ones out of bricks
yOakHZET3JA-00108-00028170-00028485 this is what happens when central banks
yOakHZET3JA-00109-00028486-00028764 artificially lower interest rates too
yOakHZET3JA-00110-00028766-00028980 many loans are given relative to the
yOakHZET3JA-00111-00028981-00029205 amount of real savings in the economy
yOakHZET3JA-00112-00029206-00029490 and those extra projects are doomed to
yOakHZET3JA-00113-00029491-00029877 fail from the beginning once economies
yOakHZET3JA-00114-00029878-00030114 go into a slump after these artificial
yOakHZET3JA-00115-00030116-00030460 booms there's only one cure a bust all
yOakHZET3JA-00116-00030461-00030673 those doomed projects have to go
yOakHZET3JA-00117-00030674-00030918 belly-up the bad loans have to be
yOakHZET3JA-00118-00030919-00031201 liquidated and unfortunately central
yOakHZET3JA-00119-00031202-00031411 banks don't like to let this happen
yOakHZET3JA-00120-00031412-00031737 instead we usually try to create more
yOakHZET3JA-00121-00031738-00031960 money and lower interest rates even
yOakHZET3JA-00122-00031961-00032287 further this just adds fuel to a fire
yOakHZET3JA-00123-00032288-00032537 and makes the crash that much worse
yOakHZET3JA-00124-00032538-00032845 think about it if all we needed to be
yOakHZET3JA-00125-00032846-00033121 wealthy was paper with numbers on it we
yOakHZET3JA-00126-00033122-00033387 could solve everyone's economic problems
yOakHZET3JA-00127-00033388-00033733 just by turning on a printing press but
yOakHZET3JA-00128-00033734-00033933 governments have been trying that
yOakHZET3JA-00129-00033934-00034345 throughout history it doesn't work most
yOakHZET3JA-00130-00034346-00034587 countries now have central banks but the
yOakHZET3JA-00131-00034588-00034867 economic principles remain the same we'd
yOakHZET3JA-00132-00034868-00035146 all be better off if a delicate dance
yOakHZET3JA-00133-00035147-00035476 between savers and consumers remain free
yOakHZET3JA-00134-00035477-00035749 from the meddling of central bank's to
yOakHZET3JA-00135-00035750-00036004 learn more about sound economics visit
yOakHZET3JA-00136-00036005-00036389 Fiore
yOakHZET3JA-00137-00036390-00036596 you
yQMqhYeuQrk-00000-00000709-00001037 awesome thanks for continuing to watch
yQMqhYeuQrk-00001-00001038-00001322 12pm tutorials today's tutorial is going
yQMqhYeuQrk-00002-00001323-00001553 to teach you to use a tool that protects
yQMqhYeuQrk-00003-00001554-00001763 your privacy online by making it
yQMqhYeuQrk-00004-00001764-00001895 difficult for websites and online
yQMqhYeuQrk-00005-00001896-00002114 snoopers to find out your information
yQMqhYeuQrk-00006-00002115-00002483 this tool is called tor in addition to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00007-00002484-00002692 ensuring your privacy tor makes it
yQMqhYeuQrk-00008-00002693-00002822 possible for you to view information
yQMqhYeuQrk-00009-00002823-00003076 online that may be restricted in your
yQMqhYeuQrk-00010-00003077-00003302 area tour works by routing your
yQMqhYeuQrk-00011-00003303-00003467 connection and information through a
yQMqhYeuQrk-00012-00003468-00003670 system of randomly selected relays
yQMqhYeuQrk-00013-00003671-00003938 before it ever reaches the Internet this
yQMqhYeuQrk-00014-00003939-00004124 ensures that your information is next to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00015-00004125-00004385 impossible to obtain by people you don't
yQMqhYeuQrk-00016-00004386-00004597 want to have it now that you know how
yQMqhYeuQrk-00017-00004598-00004827 tour works let's go get the software
yQMqhYeuQrk-00018-00004828-00005272 open up a web browser and go to ww tor
yQMqhYeuQrk-00019-00005273-00005825 project org
yQMqhYeuQrk-00020-00005826-00005995 go ahead and look around tours website a
yQMqhYeuQrk-00021-00005996-00006247 little before we continue now click
yQMqhYeuQrk-00022-00006248-00006542 download here you can download versions
yQMqhYeuQrk-00023-00006543-00006833 for Windows Mac and Linux click on
yQMqhYeuQrk-00024-00006834-00007123 installation bundle for Windows and save
yQMqhYeuQrk-00025-00007125-00007684 the file to your computer
yQMqhYeuQrk-00026-00007686-00007883 I'll finishes downloading go to where
yQMqhYeuQrk-00027-00007884-00008839 you saved it and double-click the file
yQMqhYeuQrk-00028-00008840-00009158 the installation program will ask you to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00029-00009159-00009310 choose a language from the drop-down
yQMqhYeuQrk-00030-00009311-00009626 menu choose your language and then click
yQMqhYeuQrk-00031-00009627-00010189 ok click Next the programs listed here
yQMqhYeuQrk-00032-00010190-00010444 or what tour uses to run its service you
yQMqhYeuQrk-00033-00010445-00010616 can get an idea of what each program
yQMqhYeuQrk-00034-00010617-00010921 does by running your mouse over it the
yQMqhYeuQrk-00035-00010922-00011071 only program here that we have to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00036-00011072-00011305 mention is the tour button if you are
yQMqhYeuQrk-00037-00011306-00011602 using Firefox as your web browser tor
yQMqhYeuQrk-00038-00011603-00011809 will want to install the tour button for
yQMqhYeuQrk-00039-00011810-00012052 Firefox while the regular installation
yQMqhYeuQrk-00040-00012053-00012439 is happening ok click Next now choose
yQMqhYeuQrk-00041-00012440-00012586 where you would like to install the
yQMqhYeuQrk-00042-00012587-00012877 program once the installation is
yQMqhYeuQrk-00043-00012878-00013102 complete it will ask you to install the
yQMqhYeuQrk-00044-00013103-00013340 tour button for Firefox I'm going to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00045-00013341-00013594 agree to install that now and then i'm
yQMqhYeuQrk-00046-00013595-00014297 going to click restart firefox
yQMqhYeuQrk-00047-00014299-00014499 now if you look down here in the lower
yQMqhYeuQrk-00048-00014500-00014718 right-hand corner of your browser you'll
yQMqhYeuQrk-00049-00014719-00014952 see the tour button we'll come back to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00050-00014953-00015183 this later for now go back to the
yQMqhYeuQrk-00051-00015184-00015453 installation wizard and click next tour
yQMqhYeuQrk-00052-00015454-00015600 will ask you if you want to run the
yQMqhYeuQrk-00053-00015601-00015834 installed components now but I prefer to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00054-00015835-00016293 run it manually
yQMqhYeuQrk-00055-00016294-00016758 now go to start programs vidalia bundle
yQMqhYeuQrk-00056-00016759-00017163 and open Vidalia this launches the user
yQMqhYeuQrk-00057-00017164-00017367 interface and allows tour to start
yQMqhYeuQrk-00058-00017368-00017574 connecting to the service it can take a
yQMqhYeuQrk-00059-00017575-00017835 moment or two for tour to connect so let
yQMqhYeuQrk-00060-00017836-00017988 me tell you about the different buttons
yQMqhYeuQrk-00061-00017989-00018285 you see here stopped or will disconnect
yQMqhYeuQrk-00062-00018286-00018537 you from the service set up re laying
yQMqhYeuQrk-00063-00018538-00018771 gives you the opportunity to use your
yQMqhYeuQrk-00064-00018772-00019034 computer as part of tours relay Network
yQMqhYeuQrk-00065-00019035-00019344 use a new identity will route you
yQMqhYeuQrk-00066-00019345-00019545 through the relay Network in a new way
yQMqhYeuQrk-00067-00019546-00019821 view the network will allow you to see
yQMqhYeuQrk-00068-00019822-00020115 the different connections settings
yQMqhYeuQrk-00069-00020116-00020349 allows you to configure a couple of
yQMqhYeuQrk-00070-00020350-00020598 different options for tour once you see
yQMqhYeuQrk-00071-00020599-00020766 the green onion you know you have
yQMqhYeuQrk-00072-00020767-00020940 successfully connected to the Tor
yQMqhYeuQrk-00073-00020941-00021183 network speaking of the green onion if
yQMqhYeuQrk-00074-00021184-00021387 you look down here in your taskbar
yQMqhYeuQrk-00075-00021388-00021720 you'll see a green onion icon you can
yQMqhYeuQrk-00076-00021721-00021915 right-click the icon and it gives you
yQMqhYeuQrk-00077-00021916-00022119 the same options as you have in the user
yQMqhYeuQrk-00078-00022120-00022479 interface
yQMqhYeuQrk-00079-00022480-00022704 now we're going to go back to our web
yQMqhYeuQrk-00080-00022705-00022968 browser look at the tor browser button
yQMqhYeuQrk-00081-00022969-00023238 it's still disabled we're connected to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00082-00023239-00023439 the Tor network but we haven't turned on
yQMqhYeuQrk-00083-00023440-00023748 the service and Firefox yet go ahead and
yQMqhYeuQrk-00084-00023749-00023976 click the button if it now says tour
yQMqhYeuQrk-00085-00023977-00024213 enabled then you are successfully using
yQMqhYeuQrk-00086-00024214-00024459 Firefox with the tour service want to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00087-00024460-00024618 check to make sure that tour service is
yQMqhYeuQrk-00088-00024619-00024849 working go ahead and disable tour again
yQMqhYeuQrk-00089-00024850-00025269 by clicking on the button now go to ww
yQMqhYeuQrk-00090-00025270-00025791 check IP org this is my unprotected IP
yQMqhYeuQrk-00091-00025792-00026333 address now I'm going to go to ww google
yQMqhYeuQrk-00092-00026335-00026595 com switch the service back on by
yQMqhYeuQrk-00093-00026595-00026914 pressing the button and then go back to
yQMqhYeuQrk-00094-00026916-00027393 WWE check IP org well that definitely
yQMqhYeuQrk-00095-00027394-00027764 looks different from my real IP address
yQMqhYeuQrk-00096-00027764-00028252 now you know how to install and use tor
yRmd9PCqp4k-00000-00002413-00002825 and around and around and around we go
yRmd9PCqp4k-00001-00002826-00003642 where it stops nose
yRmd9PCqp4k-00002-00003643-00004074 down here apparently get to that door in
yRmd9PCqp4k-00003-00004075-00004917 a moment that was not my best landing
yRmd9PCqp4k-00004-00004918-00005090 ever
yRmd9PCqp4k-00005-00005091-00005810 bit of a misstep on my part actually
yRmd9PCqp4k-00006-00005811-00006525 good grief
yRmd9PCqp4k-00007-00006526-00007252 a labyrinth that's what this is
yRmd9PCqp4k-00008-00007253-00007468 I'm going to get dizzy going up going
yRmd9PCqp4k-00009-00007469-00008026 down all of these staircases you know
yRmd9PCqp4k-00010-00008027-00008431 what I was worried about one of them
yRmd9PCqp4k-00011-00008432-00008956 peeing the wrong one apparently I
yRmd9PCqp4k-00012-00008957-00009660 shouldn't have oh don't move too quickly
yRmd9PCqp4k-00013-00009661-00010366 found a way out it's good huh mummified
yRmd9PCqp4k-00014-00010367-00010726 apples now I've seen a lot of things not
yRmd9PCqp4k-00015-00010727-00011864 everything I can't see there we go
yRmd9PCqp4k-00016-00011865-00012120 it's not like I could swing a halberd in
yRmd9PCqp4k-00017-00012121-00012351 here anyway
yRmd9PCqp4k-00018-00012352-00012765 great I thought there was a way out here
yRmd9PCqp4k-00019-00012766-00012975 don't tell me I have to go back up again
yRmd9PCqp4k-00020-00012976-00013216 oh good
yRmd9PCqp4k-00021-00013216-00014097 ah that's better that's a lot better
yRmd9PCqp4k-00022-00014098-00015236 where is the light coming oh oh dear
yRmd9PCqp4k-00023-00015237-00015988 it's called the smell Whammer oil
yRmd9PCqp4k-00024-00015988-00016442 careful
yRmd9PCqp4k-00025-00016443-00017386 it's not hit the halberd on things
yRmd9PCqp4k-00026-00017387-00017942 it's quiet
yRmd9PCqp4k-00027-00017943-00018260 it's suspiciously quiet I would expect
yRmd9PCqp4k-00028-00018261-00018485 to hear little thinking think of these
yRmd9PCqp4k-00029-00018486-00018866 things around which tells me that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00030-00018867-00019236 perhaps
yRmd9PCqp4k-00031-00019237-00019668 there is a greater danger here I'm not
yRmd9PCqp4k-00032-00019669-00020522 sure
yRmd9PCqp4k-00033-00020523-00020972 ah yes that's exactly what I expected
yRmd9PCqp4k-00034-00020973-00021357 here
yRmd9PCqp4k-00035-00021358-00021528 that's not what I expected to see
yRmd9PCqp4k-00036-00021529-00021874 however
yRmd9PCqp4k-00037-00021875-00022078 as though there were people in here
yRmd9PCqp4k-00038-00022079-00022840 before right
yRmd9PCqp4k-00039-00022841-00023685 I seem to recall
yRmd9PCqp4k-00040-00023686-00024342 I will take that ice to recall brother
yRmd9PCqp4k-00041-00024343-00024531 Thor lo saying something about there
yRmd9PCqp4k-00042-00024532-00025101 being scholars in this place before is
yRmd9PCqp4k-00043-00025102-00025451 that what I think this not a knife
yRmd9PCqp4k-00044-00025452-00025827 poison I'm not entirely sure who would
yRmd9PCqp4k-00045-00025827-00025989 think that the poison would work on
yRmd9PCqp4k-00046-00025989-00026445 machines but whatever floats about I
yRmd9PCqp4k-00047-00026445-00027295 suppose
yRmd9PCqp4k-00048-00027295-00028793 that sounded bad it sounded unfriendly
yRmd9PCqp4k-00049-00028794-00029349 this has an enchantment on it and I'm
yRmd9PCqp4k-00050-00029350-00029937 going to take it should I put the
yRmd9PCqp4k-00051-00029938-00031267 delance perhaps I should well
yRmd9PCqp4k-00052-00031268-00031558 hmm I can tell you that this - my
yRmd9PCqp4k-00053-00031558-00032274 backpack I suppose work - my belt
yRmd9PCqp4k-00054-00032275-00032512 it's not going to get lost one way or
yRmd9PCqp4k-00055-00032513-00032802 another we'll make sure of that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00056-00032803-00033865 Oh
yRmd9PCqp4k-00057-00033866-00034458 gods
yRmd9PCqp4k-00058-00034459-00034933 by real naked this place is enormous
yRmd9PCqp4k-00059-00034934-00035696 I'm sorry but that cut you off
yRmd9PCqp4k-00060-00035697-00036173 I'm guessing quite good at that I
yRmd9PCqp4k-00061-00036174-00036405 suspect I would feel less like laughing
yRmd9PCqp4k-00062-00036406-00036750 if I were charging somebody who was
yRmd9PCqp4k-00063-00036751-00037305 actually still alive but these I have no
yRmd9PCqp4k-00064-00037306-00037661 remorse for cutting back down drugger
yRmd9PCqp4k-00065-00037662-00038037 they were dead once they should probably
yRmd9PCqp4k-00066-00038038-00038470 stay that way does this
yRmd9PCqp4k-00067-00038471-00039199 a big wall it looks like it's been
yRmd9PCqp4k-00068-00039200-00039564 carved over several times actually
yRmd9PCqp4k-00069-00039565-00040162 except that this bit here it's got looks
yRmd9PCqp4k-00070-00040163-00040290 like it's got some style room and
yRmd9PCqp4k-00071-00040291-00040896 stalled room in it or something I heard
yRmd9PCqp4k-00072-00040897-00041905 that Oh lovely
yRmd9PCqp4k-00073-00041906-00042754 well there is yes the sound of wimmer
yRmd9PCqp4k-00074-00042755-00043352 good grief
yRmd9PCqp4k-00075-00043353-00043802 perhaps I should have picked up that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00076-00043803-00044399 halberd that's way at least I knew I
yRmd9PCqp4k-00077-00044400-00044774 wouldn't be planting my axe my good one
yRmd9PCqp4k-00078-00044775-00044999 hitting metal is not exactly conducive
yRmd9PCqp4k-00079-00045000-00045789 to having a sharp weapon well we do what
yRmd9PCqp4k-00080-00045790-00046373 we have to
yRmd9PCqp4k-00081-00046374-00046908 kick the door open probably didn't have
yRmd9PCqp4k-00082-00046909-00047214 to on further inspection now I know how
yRmd9PCqp4k-00083-00047215-00047894 the apples got down there the Weber Cup
yRmd9PCqp4k-00084-00047895-00048546 what is this huh
yRmd9PCqp4k-00085-00048547-00048816 I don't think I've ever seen that design
yRmd9PCqp4k-00086-00048817-00050353 in a dorvan place before interesting
yRmd9PCqp4k-00087-00050354-00050594 well as much as I would like to explore
yRmd9PCqp4k-00088-00050595-00051110 this whole place I do believe we are
yRmd9PCqp4k-00089-00051111-00051691 still trying to outrun that could have
yRmd9PCqp4k-00090-00051692-00052187 been deadly I do believe we're still
yRmd9PCqp4k-00091-00052188-00053101 trying to outrun um Mulder that's
yRmd9PCqp4k-00092-00053102-00053892 dangerous that's also dangerous ouch
yRmd9PCqp4k-00093-00053894-00054774 don't even think about it you
yRmd9PCqp4k-00094-00054775-00055276 gosh those things are annoying and now
yRmd9PCqp4k-00095-00055277-00056833 I'm bleeding oh all right there's
yRmd9PCqp4k-00096-00056834-00057189 another one
yRmd9PCqp4k-00097-00057190-00057757 to be fair I haven't exactly oh it looks
yRmd9PCqp4k-00098-00057758-00058540 like they're the tops of pipes maybe to
yRmd9PCqp4k-00099-00058541-00058957 be fair to myself I have it yes that is
yRmd9PCqp4k-00100-00058958-00059074 my blood everywhere
yRmd9PCqp4k-00101-00059075-00059422 lovely I haven't exactly spent much time
yRmd9PCqp4k-00102-00059423-00060328 in doorman ruins so I suppose any
yRmd9PCqp4k-00103-00060329-00060532 ignorance on my part is now to be
yRmd9PCqp4k-00104-00060533-00061632 expected
yRmd9PCqp4k-00105-00061633-00062297 uh-huh I don't even want to know how
yRmd9PCqp4k-00106-00062298-00062378 that happened
yRmd9PCqp4k-00107-00062379-00062828 ooh
yRmd9PCqp4k-00108-00062829-00063529 okay there's a door here good this time
yRmd9PCqp4k-00109-00063530-00063665 I open one of these I'm afraid that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00110-00063666-00063937 there's going to be a Centurion or
yRmd9PCqp4k-00111-00063938-00064630 something on the other side
yRmd9PCqp4k-00112-00064632-00064929 varves the lost race of Tamriel vol run
yRmd9PCqp4k-00113-00064929-00065304 vol 1 architecture designs baikal salmo
yRmd9PCqp4k-00114-00065304-00065669 I know him I've met him
yRmd9PCqp4k-00115-00065670-00066206 that's interesting and now I can't see
yRmd9PCqp4k-00116-00066207-00066662 again but I'm doing my best
yRmd9PCqp4k-00117-00066663-00067332 alright
yRmd9PCqp4k-00118-00067333-00067923 I had forgotten that kalmo
yRmd9PCqp4k-00119-00067924-00068366 routes books about these things it
yRmd9PCqp4k-00120-00068367-00068904 explains why he lives in Markarth sure
yRmd9PCqp4k-00121-00068905-00069147 not entirely sure why anyone would want
yRmd9PCqp4k-00122-00069148-00069643 to live in my car to be honest but okay
yRmd9PCqp4k-00123-00069644-00069989 that's
yRmd9PCqp4k-00124-00069990-00070328 looks like the way forward on to see
yRmd9PCqp4k-00125-00070329-00071314 what's over here at first another room
yRmd9PCqp4k-00126-00071315-00071840 okay anything useful it doesn't look
yRmd9PCqp4k-00127-00071841-00072440 like it just a bunch of dead Dwemer
yRmd9PCqp4k-00128-00072441-00072688 things
yRmd9PCqp4k-00129-00072689-00073192 what are they called smells like a good
yRmd9PCqp4k-00130-00073193-00073324 look go look it up there's a book right
yRmd9PCqp4k-00131-00073325-00074173 over there but little machine things
yRmd9PCqp4k-00132-00074174-00074743 okay this is going to be fun yep no
yRmd9PCqp4k-00133-00074744-00076387 spider I see you oh dear
yRmd9PCqp4k-00134-00076388-00076625 God's those things pierced right through
yRmd9PCqp4k-00135-00076626-00077201 armor ah it's good to thinking it was
yRmd9PCqp4k-00136-00077202-00078254 still alive for a brief second
yRmd9PCqp4k-00137-00078255-00079086 I can't see again
yRmd9PCqp4k-00138-00079087-00079218 err
yRmd9PCqp4k-00139-00079219-00079606 that'll do it
yRmd9PCqp4k-00140-00079607-00079804 I have no problems with dropping the
yRmd9PCqp4k-00141-00079805-00079948 torch to pull out the hell but you can't
yRmd9PCqp4k-00142-00079949-00080322 frankly these things
yRmd9PCqp4k-00143-00080323-00080524 something tells me a dagger would not
yRmd9PCqp4k-00144-00080525-00081193 work with them
yRmd9PCqp4k-00145-00081194-00081676 a dagger would not be enough not for me
yRmd9PCqp4k-00146-00081677-00081943 anyway perhaps somebody with more more
yRmd9PCqp4k-00147-00081944-00082279 strength than I bones that are less
yRmd9PCqp4k-00148-00082280-00082636 likely to break uh uh with any given
yRmd9PCqp4k-00149-00082637-00083976 impact hello
yRmd9PCqp4k-00150-00083977-00084316 that's good event oh it's locked and
yRmd9PCqp4k-00151-00084317-00084700 they're both locked that's frustrating
yRmd9PCqp4k-00152-00084701-00086504 oh well
yRmd9PCqp4k-00153-00086505-00087326 here more of them heard more of them
yRmd9PCqp4k-00154-00087327-00088383 what even is this beauty whatever it is
yRmd9PCqp4k-00155-00088384-00088868 it stays a light for quite a while
yRmd9PCqp4k-00156-00088869-00089380 I don't know what that was but they
yRmd9PCqp4k-00157-00089381-00091509 don't trust it
yRmd9PCqp4k-00158-00091510-00092750 okay where's the other one oh I really
yRmd9PCqp4k-00159-00092751-00092968 do hope that Agner appreciates just how
yRmd9PCqp4k-00160-00092969-00093793 if not a garden Thurlow appreciates
yRmd9PCqp4k-00161-00093794-00094232 this I don't know where I was going with
yRmd9PCqp4k-00162-00094233-00094272 that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00163-00094273-00094641 just how something this is let's not get
yRmd9PCqp4k-00164-00094642-00094819 caught in the gear works that could be
yRmd9PCqp4k-00165-00094820-00094943 fatal
yRmd9PCqp4k-00166-00094944-00095742 I suspect not pleasant opinions
yRmd9PCqp4k-00167-00095743-00096326 very hard to see
yRmd9PCqp4k-00168-00096327-00097756 see that though oh uh fur let me be fair
yRmd9PCqp4k-00169-00097757-00097906 I was swinging around the corner and
yRmd9PCqp4k-00170-00097907-00098594 that did not work I did not work at all
yRmd9PCqp4k-00171-00098595-00100124 and a lot there to speak of
yRmd9PCqp4k-00172-00100125-00100416 all right well two fresh hell awaits me
yRmd9PCqp4k-00173-00100417-00101291 here
yRmd9PCqp4k-00174-00101292-00101930 I'm prepared probably shouldn't be
yRmd9PCqp4k-00175-00101931-00102375 shouting in the dorvan ruin given that
yRmd9PCqp4k-00176-00102376-00102534 there tend to be Falmer in places like
yRmd9PCqp4k-00177-00102535-00102791 this and that they operate on hearing
yRmd9PCqp4k-00178-00102792-00103005 not that they would not be able to hear
yRmd9PCqp4k-00179-00103006-00103152 me anyway given that I'm clunking around
yRmd9PCqp4k-00180-00103153-00103977 and great heavy armor you know
yRmd9PCqp4k-00181-00103978-00104730 everything here is dead
yRmd9PCqp4k-00182-00104731-00105429 that does not bode well
yRmd9PCqp4k-00183-00105430-00106247 how everything in here died
yRmd9PCqp4k-00184-00106248-00107727 hmm
yRmd9PCqp4k-00185-00107728-00108117 anything more foreboding then a dorvan
yRmd9PCqp4k-00186-00108118-00109207 ruin is a quiet doorman ruin
yRmd9PCqp4k-00187-00109208-00109861 frankly
yRmd9PCqp4k-00188-00109863-00110749 this is quite suspicious indeed
yRmd9PCqp4k-00189-00110750-00111694 [Music]
yUoW9ROAFkY-00000-00000125-00000380 hello my name is Alex mature I'm the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00001-00000381-00000509 Associate Director of development the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00002-00000509-00000808 public SS project we were best known for
yUoW9ROAFkY-00003-00000809-00000991 developing open journal systems which is
yUoW9ROAFkY-00004-00000992-00001154 free software to publish an academic
yUoW9ROAFkY-00005-00001155-00001298 journal does everything from the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00006-00001299-00001507 submission process for authors through
yUoW9ROAFkY-00007-00001508-00001748 peer review copying proofreading into
yUoW9ROAFkY-00008-00001748-00001871 finally disseminating they published
yUoW9ROAFkY-00009-00001872-00002108 output that includes things like do is
yUoW9ROAFkY-00010-00002109-00002423 Google Scholar oai-pmh and orchid orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00011-00002424-00002689 the subject of this demonstration Oh
yUoW9ROAFkY-00012-00002690-00002900 Jess is actively used to publish more
yUoW9ROAFkY-00013-00002901-00003050 than 10000 journals worldwide in a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00014-00003051-00003231 variety of disciplines and languages
yUoW9ROAFkY-00015-00003232-00003445 there's examples on the DEP website
yUoW9ROAFkY-00016-00003446-00003608 that's just browsing them to get a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00017-00003609-00003997 little look and look at more detail for
yUoW9ROAFkY-00018-00003998-00004151 example this is a national portal of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00019-00004152-00004231 finished journals
yUoW9ROAFkY-00020-00004232-00004460 I don't speak Finnish so I can't say
yUoW9ROAFkY-00021-00004461-00004649 that much about it but this is a look at
yUoW9ROAFkY-00022-00004650-00005231 a single journal here's an issue article
yUoW9ROAFkY-00023-00005232-00005954 information and the article itself which
yUoW9ROAFkY-00024-00005955-00006470 in this case is a PDF file
yUoW9ROAFkY-00025-00006472-00006706 I'm going to demonstrate three different
yUoW9ROAFkY-00026-00006706-00007069 kinds of interaction with orchid the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00027-00007070-00007258 first is the registration this is the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00028-00007259-00007381 page you'd use to create a new user
yUoW9ROAFkY-00029-00007381-00007615 account you know Jas you'll see at the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00030-00007616-00007806 top here is the orchid logo that allows
yUoW9ROAFkY-00031-00007808-00008103 you to create or connect your orchid ID
yUoW9ROAFkY-00032-00008104-00008350 this brings up an orchid authorization
yUoW9ROAFkY-00033-00008351-00009088 page which allows OGS and orchid to
yUoW9ROAFkY-00034-00009089-00009319 communicate here orchid is telling ojs
yUoW9ROAFkY-00035-00009320-00009565 that the entered orchid is valid and has
yUoW9ROAFkY-00036-00009566-00009658 been checked by the user
yUoW9ROAFkY-00037-00009659-00009823 this results in pre filling the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00038-00009824-00009963 registration form you see that my first
yUoW9ROAFkY-00039-00009964-00010240 name last name affiliation country etc
yUoW9ROAFkY-00040-00010241-00010462 have been prefilled now I'll finish
yUoW9ROAFkY-00041-00010463-00011002 entering the form to create my odious
yUoW9ROAFkY-00042-00011003-00011614 account
yUoW9ROAFkY-00043-00011615-00011785 I've not register as an author within
yUoW9ROAFkY-00044-00011786-00011942 the system and I could create a new
yUoW9ROAFkY-00045-00011943-00012623 submission I'll choose a section agree
yUoW9ROAFkY-00046-00012624-00013241 to the various terms of the journal and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00047-00013241-00013628 move on to the second step here I can
yUoW9ROAFkY-00048-00013629-00013871 upload the submission file typically
yUoW9ROAFkY-00049-00013872-00014009 this will be a single document like a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00050-00014010-00014243 Word document but if there's many
yUoW9ROAFkY-00051-00014244-00014579 different files they can all be entered
yUoW9ROAFkY-00052-00014580-00014852 things like datasets appendices high
yUoW9ROAFkY-00053-00014853-00015002 resolution images for medical journals
yUoW9ROAFkY-00054-00015003-00015572 that sort of thing move on to step 3
yUoW9ROAFkY-00055-00015572-00016129 which is where the metadata gets entered
yUoW9ROAFkY-00056-00016130-00017072 title abstract my own accounts been
yUoW9ROAFkY-00057-00017073-00017200 added here's a contributor the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00058-00017201-00017366 authorization I did with orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00059-00017367-00017569 previously when I registered now carries
yUoW9ROAFkY-00060-00017570-00017728 through to my author record so now this
yUoW9ROAFkY-00061-00017729-00017900 author record is known to be the orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00062-00017901-00018209 I used in the authentication form and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00063-00018210-00018556 that's stirred with an OGS you have the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00064-00018557-00018847 full metadata set Dublin core metadata
yUoW9ROAFkY-00065-00018848-00019061 what I'm going to do though is I'm going
yUoW9ROAFkY-00066-00019062-00019241 to go back to the form here and add a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00067-00019242-00020305 second contributor
yUoW9ROAFkY-00068-00020306-00020693 including an email address now I'm doing
yUoW9ROAFkY-00069-00020694-00020840 this on behalf of the second author so
yUoW9ROAFkY-00070-00020841-00020948 it wouldn't make sense to follow the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00071-00020949-00021152 same process we already did to enter
yUoW9ROAFkY-00072-00021153-00021355 their orchid and password this user
yUoW9ROAFkY-00073-00021356-00021805 won't have that what I can do though is
yUoW9ROAFkY-00074-00021806-00021959 click this checkbox here that says send
yUoW9ROAFkY-00075-00021960-00022130 email to request orchid authorization
yUoW9ROAFkY-00076-00022131-00022649 from author mode OGS now does is emails
yUoW9ROAFkY-00077-00022650-00022904 the author with a special link they can
yUoW9ROAFkY-00078-00022905-00024258 use to confirm that orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00079-00024259-00024574 here's that email it lists the title of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00080-00024575-00024916 the article and allows them to confirm
yUoW9ROAFkY-00081-00024917-00025005 whether they are active in that
yUoW9ROAFkY-00082-00025006-00025206 publication or not I'll follow the link
yUoW9ROAFkY-00083-00025207-00025650 now the confirms that they're verified
yUoW9ROAFkY-00084-00025651-00026133 and associated with the submission back
yUoW9ROAFkY-00085-00026135-00026557 to the main author will now finish the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00086-00026558-00026952 submission process now by the way if I
yUoW9ROAFkY-00087-00026953-00027246 now go into the second author record I
yUoW9ROAFkY-00088-00027247-00027418 should see that their orchid has been
yUoW9ROAFkY-00089-00027419-00027535 entered - you're automatically this is
yUoW9ROAFkY-00090-00027536-00027645 what was filled in by that authorization
yUoW9ROAFkY-00091-00027647-00028970 process now we get from the submission
yUoW9ROAFkY-00092-00028972-00029327 and we're done so now I'll change my hat
yUoW9ROAFkY-00093-00029329-00029807 from the author's hat to the editors hat
yUoW9ROAFkY-00094-00029808-00030018 the editor will receive notification
yUoW9ROAFkY-00095-00030019-00030204 that a new submission has come in there
yUoW9ROAFkY-00096-00030205-00030545 it is and now we look at the OGS
yUoW9ROAFkY-00097-00030547-00030816 workflow process if you're not familiar
yUoW9ROAFkY-00098-00030817-00030969 with the workflow that OGS supports
yUoW9ROAFkY-00099-00030970-00031161 essentially it's a number of different
yUoW9ROAFkY-00100-00031162-00031386 stages at the top here for submission
yUoW9ROAFkY-00101-00031387-00031641 then peer review then copy editing and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00102-00031642-00031914 then production and I'm going to skip
yUoW9ROAFkY-00103-00031914-00032067 over these steps here normally there
yUoW9ROAFkY-00104-00032068-00032199 would be a lot more involved in this the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00105-00032200-00032313 peer review process all that sort of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00106-00032314-00032355 thing
yUoW9ROAFkY-00107-00032356-00032489 but this is just demonstrating a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00108-00032491-00032706 publication step so we'll accept and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00109-00032707-00033724 skip your review
yUoW9ROAFkY-00110-00033725-00033910 that'll move us into the accommodating
yUoW9ROAFkY-00111-00033911-00034195 process I'm going to send the submission
yUoW9ROAFkY-00112-00034196-00035480 directly publication sorry to production
yUoW9ROAFkY-00113-00035481-00035726 and here we are production what I can do
yUoW9ROAFkY-00114-00035727-00036131 here is scheduled for publication I'll
yUoW9ROAFkY-00115-00036132-00036527 choose a back issue and press the Save
yUoW9ROAFkY-00116-00036528-00036740 button so now the new submission has
yUoW9ROAFkY-00117-00036741-00036872 been erased through the workflow and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00118-00036873-00037312 published in an existing back issue what
yUoW9ROAFkY-00119-00037313-00037547 this does is well is this has a conduit
yUoW9ROAFkY-00120-00037548-00037781 to orchid if you do support the membrane
yUoW9ROAFkY-00121-00037782-00038039 PA in this case that allows for the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00122-00038040-00038180 submissions to be sent directly to
yUoW9ROAFkY-00123-00038181-00038330 orchid and entered it to the author's
yUoW9ROAFkY-00124-00038331-00038456 accounts for those authors that have
yUoW9ROAFkY-00125-00038457-00038726 orchid IDs registered with their
yUoW9ROAFkY-00126-00038727-00039002 accounts so if I look into my email
yUoW9ROAFkY-00127-00039003-00039254 inbox as the author as any one of the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00128-00039255-00040619 authors I should see a notification then
yUoW9ROAFkY-00129-00040620-00040814 we'd like to deposit this submission in
yUoW9ROAFkY-00130-00040815-00041765 my orchid record and there's the link
yUoW9ROAFkY-00131-00041766-00042786 lighting my accounts
yUoW9ROAFkY-00132-00042787-00042978 and that confirms that the orchid IDs
yUoW9ROAFkY-00133-00042979-00043167 been verified and the submissions bed -
yUoW9ROAFkY-00134-00043168-00043337 my orchid record let's go to my orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00135-00043338-00043562 record now and take a look by the way
yUoW9ROAFkY-00136-00043563-00044102 we're using this time box orchid site
yUoW9ROAFkY-00137-00044103-00044304 this is just a test account so that
yUoW9ROAFkY-00138-00044305-00044442 we're not actually creating publications
yUoW9ROAFkY-00139-00044443-00046803 here but my orchid record
yUoW9ROAFkY-00140-00046804-00046968 which is a bit slow for no particular
yUoW9ROAFkY-00141-00046969-00047073 reason I'm gonna try this in a different
yUoW9ROAFkY-00142-00047074-00047453 browser no there we go
yUoW9ROAFkY-00143-00047454-00047781 and what this should tell me is I now
yUoW9ROAFkY-00144-00047782-00048066 have my orchid demo as a submission this
yUoW9ROAFkY-00145-00048067-00048399 was sent directly from OGS to orchid so
yUoW9ROAFkY-00146-00048400-00048537 to review the three interactions we saw
yUoW9ROAFkY-00147-00048538-00048708 a registration form where the user could
yUoW9ROAFkY-00148-00048709-00048915 create a user account by filling in the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00149-00048916-00049095 orchid authorization that allowed the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00150-00049096-00049311 OGS registration to take details from
yUoW9ROAFkY-00151-00049312-00049482 the organic orchid account things such
yUoW9ROAFkY-00152-00049483-00049712 as first name last name email
yUoW9ROAFkY-00153-00049713-00049893 affiliation but most importantly the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00154-00049894-00050073 orchid itself the second demonstration
yUoW9ROAFkY-00155-00050074-00050259 was to add a second author and allow
yUoW9ROAFkY-00156-00050260-00050415 them to be invited to confirm their
yUoW9ROAFkY-00157-00050416-00050586 orchid then the third was this deposit
yUoW9ROAFkY-00158-00050587-00050730 process where the publication of a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00159-00050731-00050898 submission resulted in this article
yUoW9ROAFkY-00160-00050899-00051129 being added to my list of works with an
yUoW9ROAFkY-00161-00051130-00051645 orchid this work is over Jess's open
yUoW9ROAFkY-00162-00051646-00051762 source software so we often work with
yUoW9ROAFkY-00163-00051763-00051912 contributors the work that I
yUoW9ROAFkY-00164-00051913-00052046 demonstrated here was completed with
yUoW9ROAFkY-00165-00052047-00052173 Nilsson tulip at the University of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00166-00052174-00052458 Heidelberg and previously orchid support
yUoW9ROAFkY-00167-00052459-00052580 was added by Clinton and Cru the
yUoW9ROAFkY-00168-00052582-00052728 University of Pittsburgh and other
yUoW9ROAFkY-00169-00052729-00052857 participants in our sprint working
yUoW9ROAFkY-00170-00052858-00053046 groups which often tackle small subjects
yUoW9ROAFkY-00171-00053047-00053366 in two or three day events we hope to
yUoW9ROAFkY-00172-00053367-00053601 refine this orchid integration for
yUoW9ROAFkY-00173-00053602-00053766 example in future sprint events while
yUoW9ROAFkY-00174-00053766-00053901 adding things like support for reviewer
yUoW9ROAFkY-00175-00053902-00054363 credit just to mention our community
yUoW9ROAFkY-00176-00054364-00054741 again we are an open source group and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00177-00054741-00054969 our community is very active online this
yUoW9ROAFkY-00178-00054970-00055209 is our support forum formed on pkp SFU
yUoW9ROAFkY-00179-00055210-00055461 dossier and this is where you'll see a
yUoW9ROAFkY-00180-00055462-00055602 lots of conversation about the technical
yUoW9ROAFkY-00181-00055603-00055725 aspects of running the journal but also
yUoW9ROAFkY-00182-00055726-00055935 things like feature requests if you have
yUoW9ROAFkY-00183-00055936-00056117 a journal you want to demonstrate you
yUoW9ROAFkY-00184-00056119-00056490 can add it to our community showcase and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00185-00056491-00056642 also discuss the editorial decisions
yUoW9ROAFkY-00186-00056644-00056757 that are made in the way that Oh Jess
yUoW9ROAFkY-00187-00056758-00057012 works those frequent ask questions if
yUoW9ROAFkY-00188-00057013-00057162 you were going to into problems that
yUoW9ROAFkY-00189-00057163-00057498 sort of thing the work I've demonstrated
yUoW9ROAFkY-00190-00057499-00057741 now is not yet been released but as of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00191-00057741-00057888 November 1st which is when I'm making
yUoW9ROAFkY-00192-00057889-00058098 this video it's very close so I expect
yUoW9ROAFkY-00193-00058099-00058260 you'll be able to see it on the pkp blog
yUoW9ROAFkY-00194-00058261-00058539 I keep it as if you don't see a slash
yUoW9ROAFkY-00195-00058540-00058904 blog along with another about another
yUoW9ROAFkY-00196-00058905-00059150 number of other events announcements and
yUoW9ROAFkY-00197-00059151-00059499 feature descriptions and so on
yUoW9ROAFkY-00198-00059500-00059717 so watch this area for announcement of
yUoW9ROAFkY-00199-00059718-00059900 the release of the updated orchid
yUoW9ROAFkY-00200-00059901-00060099 profile plugin thanks very much for
yUoW9ROAFkY-00201-00060100-00060332 watching
yWMo8mkt-8u-00000-00000000-00000769 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00001-00000770-00001258 can you hear my heart be calling Can You
yWMo8mkt-8u-00002-00001259-00001643 Feel The Love we're falling just take my
yWMo8mkt-8u-00003-00001644-00001976 hand and take me home tonight
yWMo8mkt-8u-00004-00001977-00002610 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00005-00002611-00003016 I'll take a chance
yWMo8mkt-8u-00006-00003017-00004422 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00007-00004423-00004667 hear you
yWMo8mkt-8u-00008-00004668-00004824 me
yWMo8mkt-8u-00009-00004825-00005147 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00010-00005148-00005656 into the world
yWMo8mkt-8u-00011-00005657-00007036 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00012-00007037-00007648 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00013-00007648-00008399 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00014-00008400-00009924 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00015-00009925-00010367 running so fast can you find me in the
yWMo8mkt-8u-00016-00010368-00010585 dark
yWMo8mkt-8u-00017-00010586-00011391 oh baby close your eyes
yWMo8mkt-8u-00018-00011392-00012887 [Music]
yWMo8mkt-8u-00019-00012888-00013193 everyone
yWMo8mkt-8u-00020-00013194-00014475 foreign
yWQQS_p-4S4-00000-00000000-00000727 [Music]
yWQQS_p-4S4-00001-00000728-00001438 thank you
yWQQS_p-4S4-00002-00001439-00002957 [Music]
yWQQS_p-4S4-00003-00002958-00003365 foreign
yWQQS_p-4S4-00004-00003365-00003915 foreign
yWQQS_p-4S4-00006-00006973-00007273 thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00000-00000239-00000311 okay
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00001-00000312-00000591 good morning everybody this is another
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00002-00000592-00000663 colloquium
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00003-00000664-00000831 organized by the institute of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00004-00000832-00001007 astrophysical and lucia in granada in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00005-00001008-00001135 spain
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00006-00001136-00001503 under the severus program and today
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00007-00001504-00001942 we will have the talk by nadine newmayer
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00008-00001943-00002167 and she will talk about nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00009-00002168-00002318 clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00010-00002319-00002607 dr newmayer will be introduced by our
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00011-00002608-00002655 city
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00012-00002656-00002999 director isabel marquez please isabel
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00013-00003000-00003142 hello thank you renee good morning
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00014-00003143-00003311 everybody thank you very much for being
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00015-00003311-00003647 here to attending this um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00016-00003647-00003975 colloquium and it's a pleasure today to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00017-00003976-00004047 have with us
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00018-00004047-00004383 nadine noemaya who kindly accepted our
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00019-00004384-00004543 invitation thank you very much nadine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00020-00004544-00004670 for for accepting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00021-00004671-00004983 uh the invitation that i like to extend
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00022-00004984-00005270 uh to uh and in person one for the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00023-00005271-00005486 future as near as possible
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00024-00005487-00005815 um when things will be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00025-00005816-00006118 get better um dr nadine meyer
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00026-00006119-00006422 is since 2020 uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00027-00006423-00006767 lisa meidner group leader in at the max
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00028-00006768-00006967 planck institute for astronomy in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00029-00006968-00007255 in heidelberg where she's a faculty
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00030-00007256-00007423 member
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00031-00007423-00007583 so she's the group leader of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00032-00007584-00007791 galactic nuclear group
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00033-00007792-00008151 she made her phd in in astronomy at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00034-00008152-00008231 mpia
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00035-00008232-00008519 and the university of heidelberg in 2007
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00036-00008520-00008695 and then she became a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00037-00008696-00009151 fellow at iso and until 2010
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00038-00009152-00009383 when she became fellow at the excellence
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00039-00009384-00009478 cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00040-00009479-00009678 origin and structure of the universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00041-00009679-00009895 universe and then as a staff member in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00042-00009896-00010310 in 2011. in 2014 she moved
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00043-00010311-00010591 to to heidelberg where she is now as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00044-00010592-00010663 independent
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00045-00010664-00010999 research group leader at the mbia since
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00046-00011000-00011142 2010
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00047-00011143-00011399 she has been lecturer and teacher at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00048-00011400-00011478 several
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00049-00011479-00011678 german universities like the ludwig
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00050-00011679-00011887 maximilian's university in munich
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00051-00011888-00012142 and the university of heidelberg in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00052-00012143-00012231 addition
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00053-00012232-00012519 she has merited a dozen of owners and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00054-00012520-00012623 awards
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00055-00012624-00012855 among which i'd like to to uh stress the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00056-00012856-00012991 um ernest
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00057-00012991-00013311 fatzer award in 2004 the auto hand medal
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00058-00013312-00013671 of the max planck society in 2008
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00059-00013672-00013951 and more recently the lisa meidner
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00060-00013952-00014103 excellence program
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00061-00014104-00014438 in 2020 that is a an equivalent to an
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00062-00014440-00014591 internal erc
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00063-00014591-00014966 so that's um really really a very very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00064-00014968-00015358 impacting the the focus of her research
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00065-00015359-00015638 are black holes and the role they play
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00066-00015640-00015807 in the evolution of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00067-00015808-00015983 with her research team she is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00068-00015984-00016207 investigating at what point
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00069-00016208-00016422 in the development of a galaxy a massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00070-00016423-00016583 black hole is formed
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00071-00016584-00016767 and what conditions are necessary for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00072-00016768-00016919 this to happen
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00073-00016920-00017199 to answer the question of whether all
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00074-00017200-00017430 galaxies have central black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00075-00017431-00017694 they systematically study those galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00076-00017695-00017830 that are still
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00077-00017831-00018079 in an early stage of development the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00078-00018080-00018191 results of her
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00079-00018192-00018494 research give important insight
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00080-00018495-00018679 into the evolution of galaxies and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00081-00018680-00018943 distribution of mata in the universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00082-00018944-00019183 she is author of more than 130
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00083-00019184-00019375 publications in peer referred
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00084-00019376-00019767 journals with about 4 000 citations
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00085-00019768-00020119 already or which makes her age 33 or so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00086-00020120-00020303 today as you know she's talking about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00087-00020304-00020471 nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00088-00020472-00020743 so um say it again thank you very much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00089-00020744-00020871 nadine amaya for being
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00090-00020872-00021247 with us and the floor is yours
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00091-00021248-00021414 thank you very well thank you very much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00092-00021415-00021639 isabel for this very kind introduction
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00093-00021640-00021830 it's really a pleasure to be with you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00094-00021831-00022022 today and i would love to be with you in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00095-00022023-00022078 person
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00096-00022079-00022383 so i'm really looking forward to you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00097-00022384-00022414 know
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00098-00022415-00022743 coming when this is possible
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00099-00022744-00023078 okay so i hope that you can see my
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00100-00023079-00023214 slides now is this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00101-00023215-00023535 correct okay wonderful so then um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00102-00023536-00023791 yeah you you have heard from isabel that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00103-00023792-00023999 my research focuses on black holes and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00104-00024000-00024222 how they get to the centers of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00105-00024223-00024471 and in fact nuclear star clusters are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00106-00024472-00024550 one of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00107-00024551-00024863 um yeah the key environments where we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00108-00024864-00024911 can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00109-00024912-00025127 look for low-mass black holes in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00110-00025128-00025294 low-mass galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00111-00025295-00025575 and because this is a really a fa a vast
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00112-00025576-00025767 like a fast growing field
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00113-00025768-00026094 um my colleagues anil seth and torsten
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00114-00026095-00026231 burke and and i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00115-00026232-00026558 we have um written a review article
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00116-00026560-00026814 on nuclear star clusters that appeared
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00117-00026816-00026911 last year
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00118-00026912-00027158 and this talk is is basically focusing
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00119-00027160-00027351 on this review article but i will also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00120-00027352-00027487 give you some updates
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00121-00027488-00027735 what has happened since then so in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00122-00027736-00027823 background here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00123-00027824-00028151 of this of this slide you can see the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00124-00028152-00028367 center of our own milky way where you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00125-00028368-00028399 see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00126-00028400-00028623 the nuclear star cluster of our milky
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00127-00028624-00028767 way here on the side
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00128-00028768-00028951 uh reiner scherdel and his group in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00129-00028952-00029167 granada they're they're doing a lot of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00130-00029168-00029223 research
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00131-00029224-00029439 explicitly on on this galactic center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00132-00029439-00029543 region
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00133-00029544-00029862 and i'm very happy that one of rhinos
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00134-00029863-00030007 former phd students
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00135-00030008-00030327 paco is now with us in heidelberg as a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00136-00030327-00030599 postdoc and he just will start very soon
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00137-00030600-00030807 a humboldt fellowship here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00138-00030808-00031023 wonderful okay so let me just take you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00139-00031024-00031135 on a journey uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00140-00031136-00031446 to understand uh what nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00141-00031447-00031614 clusters are and why we think they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00142-00031616-00031767 very interesting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00143-00031768-00032118 okay so just uh here uh like a small
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00144-00032119-00032351 movie where we zoom into the center of a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00145-00032352-00032502 nearby
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00146-00032503-00032895 edge on spiral galaxy ngc 4244
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00147-00032896-00033287 and that has a very dense
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00148-00033288-00033487 bright nucleus at the center and here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00149-00033488-00033718 when we switch from sdss to hst
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00150-00033719-00033831 resolution
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00151-00033832-00034046 you can see the nuclear cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00152-00034047-00034287 appearing in this edge on galaxy quite
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00153-00034288-00034455 disky and extended
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00154-00034456-00034759 and and this really shows you that you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00155-00034760-00034790 do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00156-00034791-00035007 need very high spatial resolution to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00157-00035008-00035159 resolve these clusters so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00158-00035160-00035479 hst was instrumental to find
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00159-00035480-00035879 these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00160-00035880-00036135 why do we think nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00161-00036136-00036311 are interesting and this is basically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00162-00036312-00036407 taking away
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00163-00036408-00036607 the conclusion of my talk but i will
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00164-00036608-00036790 walk you through all of these points and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00165-00036791-00036951 hope to convince you on the way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00166-00036952-00037190 that they are really interesting objects
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00167-00037191-00037271 so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00168-00037272-00037455 i will show you that these are in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00169-00037456-00037646 the densest cellar systems
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00170-00037647-00037974 in the universe they record they give a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00171-00037975-00038079 record of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00172-00038080-00038415 nuclear mass accretion so um whenever
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00173-00038416-00038599 things are accreted onto a black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00174-00038600-00038830 the information is lost but when you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00175-00038831-00039111 creep stars and gas onto the center of a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00176-00039112-00039327 galaxy and you have star formation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00177-00039328-00039559 from that gas you can see when this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00178-00039560-00039743 happened when these stars form so it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00179-00039744-00039839 basically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00180-00039840-00040095 kind of an imprint of when the material
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00181-00040096-00040174 fell there and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00182-00040175-00040479 when it formed stars and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00183-00040480-00040846 they form from and sometimes also return
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00184-00040847-00041071 to globular clusters so there is a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00185-00041072-00041271 connection there i will give you more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00186-00041272-00041358 insights
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00187-00041359-00041679 during the talk and then there are very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00188-00041680-00041846 common objects they are actually present
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00189-00041847-00042095 in the majority of massive galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00190-00042096-00042279 and i will show you the mass dependence
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00191-00042280-00042558 of where where they're most common also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00192-00042559-00042751 and then there is a very strong
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00193-00042752-00042974 connection to massive black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00194-00042975-00043230 and we can detect the black holes inside
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00195-00043231-00043415 nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00196-00043416-00043646 and in the most massive galaxies when we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00197-00043647-00043743 do not have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00198-00043744-00043927 nuclear star clusters anymore because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00199-00043928-00044046 they are disrupted
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00200-00044047-00044311 through the merging processes of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00201-00044312-00044479 most massive black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00202-00044480-00044758 they do get they do this dissolve they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00203-00044759-00044935 help in the merging of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00204-00044936-00045207 central black holes and and we think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00205-00045208-00045383 they're expelled in this process but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00206-00045384-00045495 they can speed up
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00207-00045496-00045702 that process of the of the black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00208-00045703-00045871 merger
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00209-00045872-00046167 so just to to kind of um sketch a little
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00210-00046168-00046471 bit how we think nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00211-00046472-00046718 form just to set a bit of the basis
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00212-00046719-00046783 because it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00213-00046784-00046951 will help you to understand the rest of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00214-00046952-00047102 the talk there are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00215-00047103-00047295 basically two competing formation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00216-00047296-00047430 scenarios but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00217-00047431-00047574 they're not really competing they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00218-00047575-00047799 kind of also can work hand in hand
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00219-00047800-00048055 and on the one side we have that we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00220-00048056-00048239 a star cluster info so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00221-00048240-00048479 um globular clusters can fall into the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00222-00048480-00048662 centers of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00223-00048663-00048911 and and merge and and form a more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00224-00048912-00049015 massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00225-00049016-00049327 cluster there on the other side we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00226-00049328-00049558 in c2 star formation at the center so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00227-00049559-00049639 stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00228-00049640-00049911 can form from in-falling gas retain a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00229-00049912-00050039 lot of angular momentum
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00230-00050040-00050262 also so you this would produce a quite
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00231-00050263-00050399 high rotation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00232-00050400-00050735 signature this is in situ formation and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00233-00050736-00050990 we do see basically signs of those
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00234-00050991-00051079 processes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00235-00051080-00051438 and also in in observations
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00236-00051439-00051654 there's quite some evidence that we do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00237-00051655-00051807 have cluster info
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00238-00051808-00051966 that you see here now at the center of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00239-00051967-00052254 this nearby galaxy 4654
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00240-00052255-00052535 where in hst resolution you can resolve
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00241-00052536-00052671 two star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00242-00052672-00052879 very close to the center here with very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00243-00052879-00053191 little separation of only 24 parsec
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00244-00053191-00053511 and then um the other side you do have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00245-00053512-00053735 um lots of young star formation at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00246-00053736-00053959 centers of some of these galaxies so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00247-00053960-00054247 stars do form in c2 there in the milky
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00248-00054248-00054287 way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00249-00054288-00054487 we do also see a combination of these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00250-00054488-00054599 two processes and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00251-00054600-00054871 this is what we think is likely um what
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00252-00054872-00055047 is happening that it's a combination of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00253-00055048-00055175 the two processes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00254-00055176-00055423 and we would like to figure out when one
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00255-00055424-00055487 process
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00256-00055488-00055775 or the other is more common so this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00257-00055776-00055847 something
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00258-00055848-00056094 we have investigated also when writing
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00259-00056095-00056175 this review
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00260-00056176-00056494 article so the outline of my talk is as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00261-00056495-00056630 follow
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00262-00056632-00056991 so i will i will show you where we find
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00263-00056991-00057142 nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00264-00057144-00057350 what are their properties in terms of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00265-00057351-00057535 sizes masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00266-00057536-00057830 shapes and densities then also stellar
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00267-00057832-00058047 populations and kinematics
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00268-00058048-00058271 and then um i will show you what their
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00269-00058272-00058447 scaling relations are and also the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00270-00058448-00058607 connection to black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00271-00058608-00058791 and what is the connection to globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00272-00058791-00059007 clusters that i alluded to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00273-00059008-00059391 before okay so where do we find
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00274-00059391-00059719 nuclear star clusters so we do find them
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00275-00059720-00059815 basically in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00276-00059816-00060054 all sorts of of nearby galaxies here is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00277-00060055-00060406 a very nearby example ngc 300 um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00278-00060407-00060606 it's at only two megaparsec that's why
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00279-00060607-00060726 we have a really good
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00280-00060727-00060975 view at the center with hst resolution
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00281-00060976-00061150 we can resolve this very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00282-00061151-00061382 compact and massive star cluster at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00283-00061383-00061479 center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00284-00061479-00061703 and then when we look at the surface
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00285-00061704-00061799 brightness profile
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00286-00061800-00062103 we see that the nucleus stands out by
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00287-00062104-00062335 several magnitudes here five magnitudes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00288-00062336-00062494 above the surface brightness of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00289-00062495-00062630 underlying disk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00290-00062632-00062791 so this is really a very distinct
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00291-00062791-00062975 component at the beginning people
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00292-00062976-00063166 thought that these may actually be small
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00293-00063167-00063254 bulges
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00294-00063255-00063399 but they're not they're much more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00295-00063400-00063591 compact much more dense than
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00296-00063591-00063966 than bulges so they do also um appear in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00297-00063967-00064166 in bulgeless discs basically you have a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00298-00064167-00064342 pure exponential disc and then you have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00299-00064344-00064447 a cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00300-00064448-00064759 that sticks um out of this disc like a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00301-00064760-00064838 sore thumb
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00302-00064839-00065142 actually so here a a bit of a different
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00303-00065144-00065399 this is the same galaxy ngc 300 a bit of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00304-00065400-00065511 different um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00305-00065512-00065791 presentation here with the log radius
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00306-00065792-00065967 surface brightness so you see it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00307-00065968-00066015 actually
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00308-00066016-00066279 popping out here but we also see them in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00309-00066280-00066447 elliptical galaxies it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00310-00066448-00066750 a bit more difficult sometimes to do and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00311-00066751-00066903 discriminate because the surface
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00312-00066904-00067103 brightness in ellipticals can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00313-00067104-00067311 already be quite high so to see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00314-00067312-00067406 something above
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00315-00067407-00067591 the surface brightness of the galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00316-00067592-00067838 body may be a bit more tricky but you do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00317-00067839-00067967 see them
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00318-00067968-00068199 this is the neighboring galaxy of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00319-00068200-00068423 andromeda also very nearby
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00320-00068424-00068743 where you see the nucleus here very well
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00321-00068744-00069055 okay so these figures are directly
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00322-00069056-00069375 taken from the review article but um i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00323-00069376-00069543 also want to say that this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00324-00069544-00069903 based on very many years of of study so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00325-00069904-00070087 we have really compiled the entire
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00326-00070088-00070199 literature
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00327-00070200-00070535 and and we we want to i want to point
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00328-00070536-00070655 out that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00329-00070656-00070950 these nuclear clusters are detected in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00330-00070951-00071247 about 50 to 75 percent of all galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00331-00071248-00071311 and this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00332-00071312-00071567 as i said been shown with the hubble
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00333-00071568-00071759 space telescope
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00334-00071760-00072023 they sit at the very center of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00335-00072024-00072167 galaxy so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00336-00072168-00072367 at the photometric center but we could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00337-00072368-00072575 show from kinematics studying their
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00338-00072576-00072743 kinematics that they also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00339-00072744-00073111 sit at the kinematic center so here is a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00340-00073112-00073415 just a subsample of of a sample of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00341-00073416-00073679 late type spirals from torstenberger
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00342-00073680-00073831 that we studied with h
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00343-00073832-00074103 alpha kinematics and you see that the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00344-00074104-00074303 center of the nuclear cluster is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00345-00074304-00074471 coincident with the center of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00346-00074472-00074647 kinematics
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00347-00074648-00074903 when we compare the nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00348-00074904-00074982 with other
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00349-00074983-00075191 globular clusters in the galaxy and this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00350-00075192-00075319 is now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00351-00075320-00075711 from the virgo galaxy cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00352-00075712-00076055 you see that all of the virgo nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00353-00076056-00076262 star clusters of virgo galaxies that we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00354-00076263-00076311 know
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00355-00076312-00076623 they're here um from um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00356-00076624-00076926 they're here plotted as a function of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00357-00076927-00077143 the galactocentric radius together with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00358-00077144-00077406 all virgo globular clusters so you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00359-00077407-00077631 that nuclear clusters always sit at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00360-00077632-00077894 very center of the galaxy so this is now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00361-00077895-00078119 just kind of taken all of the virgo
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00362-00078120-00078294 galaxies and sorting where their
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00363-00078295-00078431 clusters sit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00364-00078432-00078606 the nucleus always sits at the very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00365-00078607-00078743 center um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00366-00078744-00078975 but the nuclear star cluster is on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00367-00078976-00079087 average around
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00368-00079088-00079279 two magnitudes or even more brighter
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00369-00079280-00079606 than the your general globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00370-00079607-00079831 which you can see here well but then
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00371-00079832-00080047 when we sort them by galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00372-00080048-00080326 and now we sort them by galaxy mass so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00373-00080327-00080391 here on the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00374-00080392-00080606 x-axis no you now have the individual
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00375-00080607-00080719 masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00376-00080720-00081031 of the the virgo galaxies and their
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00377-00081032-00081335 associated globular cluster population
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00378-00081336-00081567 you sue you do see that the nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00379-00081568-00081719 cluster is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00380-00081720-00082031 always the brightest uh cluster in a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00381-00082032-00082191 particular galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00382-00082192-00082543 so and and when you look at this and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00383-00082544-00082799 the difference between the brightest
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00384-00082800-00082926 globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00385-00082927-00083262 and the nuclear cluster gets larger when
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00386-00083263-00083455 you go to higher masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00387-00083456-00083671 and this also shows you that there is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00388-00083672-00083838 something going on with the growth of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00389-00083839-00083991 the nuclear cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00390-00083992-00084199 at the low masses there may actually be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00391-00084200-00084406 just the the highest mass or
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00392-00084407-00084591 brightest end of the globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00393-00084592-00084743 population but then
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00394-00084744-00085047 they definitely grow to larger masses in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00395-00085048-00085294 the more massive galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00396-00085295-00085550 okay so this is now only for a virgo
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00397-00085551-00085606 cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00398-00085607-00085791 but we have looked really at the entire
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00399-00085792-00086015 literature compiled all the data sets
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00400-00086016-00086087 here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00401-00086088-00086294 and looked which galaxies actually do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00402-00086295-00086511 host nuclear clusters in which galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00403-00086512-00086599 may actually not
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00404-00086600-00086831 host nuclear clusters so look at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00405-00086832-00086975 fraction
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00406-00086976-00087206 of nucleation of galaxies and we did
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00407-00087207-00087287 this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00408-00087288-00087479 both for spirals but also for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00409-00087480-00087662 ellipticals and then
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00410-00087663-00087911 the early and late type well we it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00411-00087912-00088023 it's difficult to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00412-00088024-00088262 to sort them by morphology so we sorted
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00413-00088263-00088455 them basically by color
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00414-00088456-00088871 so this is a color cut now here and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00415-00088872-00089126 and you see here um the early types the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00416-00089127-00089335 sorry the early types here in the red
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00417-00089336-00089750 type galaxies and delay types and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00418-00089751-00089943 and here at the fraction of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00419-00089944-00090159 that host the nuclear star cluster as a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00420-00090160-00090247 function of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00421-00090248-00090535 host galaxy stellar mass and you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00422-00090536-00090582 that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00423-00090583-00090847 it's quite low at the low mass end so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00424-00090848-00090903 here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00425-00090904-00091247 as you see there are very many um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00426-00091248-00091487 white circles which means there are no
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00427-00091488-00091703 detected nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00428-00091704-00091950 and only few of the filled circles so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00429-00091951-00092150 here the fraction of nucleated galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00430-00092151-00092255 is really low
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00431-00092256-00092606 but it rises up to about 80 percent here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00432-00092607-00092815 at the host galaxy stellar mass of about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00433-00092816-00092967 10 to the nine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00434-00092968-00093231 so not all of those galaxies has have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00435-00093232-00093462 nuclear clusters but the vast majority
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00436-00093463-00093687 so these are very common objects
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00437-00093688-00093926 and then it drops again so this drop
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00438-00093927-00094006 here at the very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00439-00094007-00094335 high mass end we think is the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00440-00094336-00094526 interaction with the massive black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00441-00094527-00094662 at the center in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00442-00094663-00094918 galaxy mergers that build up the more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00443-00094919-00095143 massive galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00444-00095144-00095423 but then this drop here is probably due
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00445-00095424-00095487 to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00446-00095488-00095799 the ability of those galaxies to form
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00447-00095800-00096062 very massive star clusters to begin with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00448-00096063-00096359 as the seeds for the nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00449-00096360-00096631 and this has been the state last last
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00450-00096632-00096711 year and we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00451-00096712-00097087 we noticed that there are not so many um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00452-00097088-00097326 late type galaxies here observed like
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00453-00097327-00097599 the situation in the in the cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00454-00097600-00097887 galaxy clusters like virgo and fornax
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00455-00097888-00098047 and coma is much better
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00456-00098048-00098374 so are many studies on the on the early
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00457-00098375-00098615 types but not so many on the late types
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00458-00098616-00098879 so we looked in the local volume and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00459-00098880-00098935 this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00460-00098936-00099231 a work led by um a student of mine uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00461-00099232-00099359 niels hoyer
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00462-00099360-00099615 and he actually dig through the entire
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00463-00099616-00099855 hubble space telescope archive to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00464-00099856-00099999 to fill in you know what's the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00465-00100000-00100238 nucleation fraction in the local volume
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00466-00100239-00100526 as you know proxy for the for a lower
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00467-00100527-00100694 density environment
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00468-00100695-00100879 and this is what he found that this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00469-00100880-00101031 following up a work
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00470-00101032-00101271 led by ruben sanchez janssen who has
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00471-00101272-00101391 shown this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00472-00101392-00101703 work for the for the virgo cluster where
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00473-00101704-00101774 you see the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00474-00101775-00102103 nucleation fraction as a function of of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00475-00102104-00102343 galaxy mass host galaxy stellar mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00476-00102344-00102430 again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00477-00102431-00102751 and for the different environments so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00478-00102752-00102982 sanchezian cinedal they already had put
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00479-00102983-00103054 this down
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00480-00103055-00103390 for virgo fornax and coma
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00481-00103391-00103702 but now niels hoyer has added the local
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00482-00103703-00103871 volume and you see that there may be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00483-00103872-00104030 actually a trend with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00484-00104031-00104318 with density of the environment so that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00485-00104319-00104534 denser environments
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00486-00104535-00104815 they have a higher nucleation fraction
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00487-00104816-00104927 at the same
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00488-00104928-00105215 galaxy stellar mass but all together
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00489-00105216-00105278 they do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00490-00105279-00105599 peak at around a galaxy stellar mass of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00491-00105600-00105663 between
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00492-00105664-00106023 9 and 9.5 and then they drop again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00493-00106024-00106375 and this is um following up the the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00494-00106376-00106534 difference between the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00495-00106535-00106927 early and late types so as i said in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00496-00106928-00107119 in the galaxy clusters this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00497-00107120-00107366 predominantly early type galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00498-00107367-00107607 and so this is this red curve with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00499-00107608-00107702 stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00500-00107703-00108007 um and then for the local volume we can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00501-00108008-00108215 do the separation a bit better with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00502-00108216-00108439 early and late types and you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00503-00108440-00108686 that they do have a lower nucleation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00504-00108688-00108758 fraction
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00505-00108759-00109063 than the cluster environment and it it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00506-00109064-00109127 looks like
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00507-00109128-00109375 they're following each other quite well
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00508-00109376-00109510 it's so it's not
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00509-00109511-00109702 the the difference is not between early
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00510-00109703-00109878 and late time but it's more between the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00511-00109879-00110134 environment that that plays a role here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00512-00110135-00110383 and we still try to figure out what is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00513-00110383-00110623 what is causing this so this is still
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00514-00110624-00110951 work in progress okay so get a bit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00515-00110952-00111183 back to the properties of nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00516-00111183-00111286 clusters um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00517-00111288-00111502 so what are their sizes their typical
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00518-00111503-00111599 sizes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00519-00111600-00112007 so this is um compiling work from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00520-00112008-00112383 pat cote and also georgiev and burka
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00521-00112383-00112734 for early and and late types and um here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00522-00112735-00112799 you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00523-00112800-00113134 the distribution of of of the sizes the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00524-00113135-00113199 typical
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00525-00113200-00113471 effective radii of nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00526-00113472-00113607 so you see that the typical
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00527-00113608-00113799 nuclear star cluster size is between
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00528-00113800-00113975 three and five parsecs
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00529-00113976-00114199 so it's around about the same as a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00530-00114200-00114343 globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00531-00114344-00114583 the milky way uh nuclear star cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00532-00114583-00114839 has a effective radius of about four
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00533-00114840-00115175 to seven parsec this is the the value
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00534-00115176-00115471 quoted from charlotte al 2014
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00535-00115472-00115678 and then we can also look at their
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00536-00115679-00115807 shapes you know whether
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00537-00115808-00115983 you know they are more flattened or
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00538-00115983-00116215 rounder and we thought that we could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00539-00116216-00116254 find
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00540-00116255-00116463 um some difference between early and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00541-00116464-00116663 late types but it's actually not so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00542-00116664-00116943 not so obvious so the ellipticity of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00543-00116944-00117151 course it also depends on the viewing
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00544-00117152-00117254 angle that you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00545-00117255-00117599 um the galaxy on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00546-00117600-00117871 and so the milky way here has an
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00547-00117872-00118247 ellipticity of of 0.29 so it appears to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00548-00118248-00118319 be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00549-00118320-00118743 um actually um quite round although
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00550-00118744-00119031 we see its edge on but it is a little
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00551-00119032-00119207 bit flattened
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00552-00119208-00119447 okay then the masses i would like to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00553-00119448-00119631 just tell you you know
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00554-00119632-00119863 more or less how massive nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00555-00119864-00120007 clusters are and here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00556-00120008-00120223 in comparison to globular clusters i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00557-00120224-00120390 told you they have more or less the same
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00558-00120391-00120478 size
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00559-00120479-00120775 but nuclear star clusters are brighter
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00560-00120776-00120919 and that's why they're also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00561-00120920-00121127 more massive than your typical globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00562-00121128-00121239 cluster so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00563-00121240-00121590 this is the the mass distribution
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00564-00121591-00121895 and here is the masses for the more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00565-00121896-00122102 massive host galaxies here in filled
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00566-00122103-00122190 green
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00567-00122191-00122423 and here as a comparison the milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00568-00122424-00122623 globular clusters in gray
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00569-00122624-00122878 so you see um your average nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00570-00122879-00123054 cluster would be between
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00571-00123055-00123390 6 10 to the 6 and 10 to the 7 solar
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00572-00123391-00123583 masses while
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00573-00123583-00123758 the globular clusters they peak at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00574-00123759-00123919 around 10 to the 5
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00575-00123920-00124158 so we have at least one or even more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00576-00124159-00124271 orders of magnitude
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00577-00124272-00124495 more mass in a typical nuclear cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00578-00124496-00124727 but there definitely is also overlap
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00579-00124728-00124919 between the masses or to globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00580-00124920-00125047 clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00581-00125048-00125454 again for comparison the milky way has
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00582-00125455-00125702 a mass of about three times ten to the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00583-00125703-00125863 seven so it's here on the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00584-00125864-00126047 on the more massive side because the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00585-00126048-00126407 milky way is also a quite massive galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00586-00126408-00126743 then there is a relation between the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00587-00126744-00126983 the mass of the nuclear cluster and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00588-00126983-00127190 mass of the host galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00589-00127191-00127483 um and it looks like it's a it's a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00590-00127483-00127719 pretty linear relation but it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00591-00127720-00128063 it has a kink here at the highest masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00592-00128064-00128319 and so this is again at the mass of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00593-00128320-00128399 about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00594-00128400-00128766 10 to the nine ish or so where um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00595-00128767-00129039 the nucleation peaks and where we think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00596-00129040-00129086 also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00597-00129088-00129447 there are more massive nuclei compared
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00598-00129448-00129631 to their host galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00599-00129632-00129951 when you do the comparison you you take
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00600-00129952-00130214 the ratio of nuclear cluster mass over
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00601-00130215-00130447 host galaxy mass as a function of host
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00602-00130448-00130583 galaxy mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00603-00130583-00130831 you see that in lower mass galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00604-00130832-00131063 nuclear clusters do dominate here they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00605-00131064-00131190 they have a higher
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00606-00131191-00131502 mass fraction than it it's going down so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00607-00131503-00131614 and this is the same
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00608-00131615-00131902 it's true both for for early and late
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00609-00131903-00131975 types
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00610-00131976-00132287 um but there seems to be something you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00611-00132288-00132359 know that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00612-00132360-00132639 makes it maybe turn back in the in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00613-00132640-00132711 late types
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00614-00132712-00132999 um at the highest masses so um yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00615-00133000-00133183 there is the picture emerging that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00616-00133184-00133383 something happened at this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00617-00133384-00133583 mass of 10 to the nine and and it's even
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00618-00133584-00133799 getting more obvious when we look at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00619-00133800-00134014 stellar populations
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00620-00134015-00134319 but here um just going back um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00621-00134320-00134687 combining the masses with the radii
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00622-00134688-00134935 actually uh brings me to the densities
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00623-00134936-00135159 because i i told you nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00624-00135160-00135295 are the densest
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00625-00135296-00135478 stellar systems that we have in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00626-00135479-00135735 universe and we see this here there is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00627-00135736-00135799 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00628-00135800-00136127 effective radius versus mass relation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00629-00136128-00136535 um here basically um nuclear clusters on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00630-00136536-00136711 top of the globular clusters here in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00631-00136712-00136823 background and here you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00632-00136824-00137207 do have um galaxies um here that are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00633-00137208-00137471 of course larger but also more massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00634-00137472-00137647 but then when you when you look at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00635-00137648-00137719 surface
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00636-00137720-00138071 mass density versus object mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00637-00138072-00138390 um here you have again galaxies you have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00638-00138391-00138695 um compact ellipticals and and ultra
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00639-00138696-00138927 compact dwarf galaxies here in between
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00640-00138928-00139207 but nuclear star clusters they sit here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00641-00139208-00139247 at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00642-00139248-00139519 masses between 10 to the 6 and a few
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00643-00139520-00139687 times 10 to the 8
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00644-00139688-00139919 with the highest densities that you can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00645-00139920-00140127 find because they are so small
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00646-00140128-00140375 and they have such high masses so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00647-00140376-00140471 they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00648-00140472-00140711 more dense than your typical globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00649-00140712-00140823 cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00650-00140824-00141166 and and yeah have similar yeah radii
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00651-00141167-00141511 so higher masses smaller same radii
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00652-00141512-00141663 and that's why they have higher
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00653-00141664-00141831 densities and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00654-00141832-00142071 this is quite interesting because it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00655-00142072-00142239 also tells you that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00656-00142240-00142487 you have very many stars very close to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00657-00142488-00142663 the center of these objects
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00658-00142664-00142887 so that's why we think they're excellent
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00659-00142888-00143031 excellent targets
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00660-00143032-00143335 to look for low mass black holes in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00661-00143336-00143575 centers because you will have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00662-00143576-00143863 an imprint a dynamical imprint on the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00663-00143864-00143999 motion of the stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00664-00144000-00144223 very close to the center that's why we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00665-00144224-00144447 use them as tracers for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00666-00144448-00144711 detecting black holes in these low mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00667-00144712-00144919 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00668-00144920-00145231 okay so i i said that there are the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00669-00145232-00145390 objects with the highest stellar
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00670-00145391-00145590 densities and maybe they are even the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00671-00145591-00145807 progenitors of massive black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00672-00145808-00146063 because you will have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00673-00146064-00146343 runaway collisions of stars and and that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00674-00146344-00146383 could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00675-00146384-00146583 could lead to the formation of massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00676-00146584-00146735 black holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00677-00146736-00147071 um for some of the targets um we could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00678-00147072-00147126 even
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00679-00147127-00147463 get a resolved density profiled and this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00680-00147464-00147590 is now a study
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00681-00147591-00147926 um by um renuka picchetti um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00682-00147927-00148247 who who was looking at hst data combined
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00683-00148248-00148278 with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00684-00148279-00148607 extruder engineers spectra to to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00685-00148608-00148847 model um also the velocity dispersions
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00686-00148848-00148959 of these galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00687-00148960-00149183 and and look at the the densities here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00688-00149184-00149271 of these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00689-00149272-00149575 of these galaxies and these nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00690-00149576-00149678 clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00691-00149679-00150007 and interestingly you can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00692-00150008-00150247 or you you see more or less a trend with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00693-00150248-00150383 galaxy mass is that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00694-00150384-00150607 all these redder the more massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00695-00150608-00150790 galaxies that seem to have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00696-00150791-00151078 higher densities and you do see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00697-00151079-00151151 basically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00698-00151152-00151366 the density profiles more or less go
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00699-00151367-00151495 parallel
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00700-00151496-00151919 in this is now the three-dimensional
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00701-00151920-00152119 density so this is because it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00702-00152120-00152414 involved modeling of the of the images
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00703-00152415-00152463 and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00704-00152464-00152783 that's why it's basically projected so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00705-00152784-00152926 this is very interesting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00706-00152927-00153239 in a 3d sense and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00707-00153240-00153543 best comparison object is is the milky
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00708-00153544-00153671 way again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00709-00153672-00153871 and here we have of course even better
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00710-00153872-00154047 resolution so this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00711-00154048-00154223 at the resolution or at the scale of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00712-00154224-00154590 about 0.01 parsec so it would be really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00713-00154591-00154743 here off the chart
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00714-00154744-00155054 uh the milky way has a density of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00715-00155055-00155366 above 10 to the 7 solar masses per cubic
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00716-00155367-00155495 parsec so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00717-00155496-00155726 really is is very very high density at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00718-00155727-00155943 the very center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00719-00155944-00156135 so there is interaction of course with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00720-00156136-00156351 the nuclear star cluster stars and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00721-00156352-00156590 and the massive black hole at the center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00722-00156591-00156654 and so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00723-00156655-00156854 now i would like to go a little bit and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00724-00156855-00157014 talk about the stellar population
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00725-00157015-00157278 so what we know about the stars that sit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00726-00157279-00157454 in nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00727-00157455-00157702 and as i already told you there is now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00728-00157703-00157951 evidence for a systematic change
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00729-00157952-00158287 in stellar populations with mass so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00730-00158288-00158566 when we look at the um the higher mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00731-00158567-00158799 galaxies so galaxies with stellar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00732-00158800-00159047 of above 10 to the nine solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00733-00159048-00159254 the nuclear clusters typically have a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00734-00159255-00159423 metallicities of about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00735-00159424-00159695 of above minus one and they often have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00736-00159696-00159919 very young populations so there is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00737-00159920-00160199 gas accretion and star formation from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00738-00160200-00160343 recycled gas
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00739-00160344-00160711 so they have higher um metallicities
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00740-00160712-00160951 at the low mass on the other side so um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00741-00160952-00161175 galaxies with stellar masses below 10 to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00742-00161176-00161199 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00743-00161200-00161463 nine they seem to have dominant old
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00744-00161464-00161590 metal poor
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00745-00161591-00161895 populations at the at the centers and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00746-00161896-00162190 um even lower metallicities than the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00747-00162191-00162319 surrounding host
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00748-00162320-00162639 galaxy body so what we think is that the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00749-00162640-00162743 nuclei there
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00750-00162744-00162999 they formed from accreted globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00751-00163000-00163207 clusters that that formed from the first
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00752-00163208-00163366 episode of star formation in those
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00753-00163367-00163647 galaxies from very metal poor gas
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00754-00163648-00163902 and then um while in the disk there may
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00755-00163903-00164007 have been some gas
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00756-00164008-00164271 left that formed second generation or
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00757-00164272-00164311 yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00758-00164312-00164631 other generation stars then um you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00759-00164632-00164975 you could then have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00760-00164976-00165278 those inspiring globular cluster retain
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00761-00165279-00165599 the metal metallicity of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00762-00165600-00165871 first burst of star formation at very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00763-00165872-00166014 low metallicity
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00764-00166015-00166247 and we compiled uh that evidence from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00765-00166248-00166407 the literature and this has been one of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00766-00166408-00166495 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00767-00166496-00166695 the most exciting plots i think that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00768-00166696-00166887 emerged from our review
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00769-00166888-00167199 is um that really at this um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00770-00167200-00167383 this is in our metallicity of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00771-00167384-00167551 nuclear star cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00772-00167552-00167807 against the host system stellar mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00773-00167808-00167902 again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00774-00167903-00168183 and and we see that at the mass of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00775-00168184-00168278 host galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00776-00168279-00168583 of about 10 to the nine solar masses you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00777-00168584-00168695 do have a switch
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00778-00168696-00169023 between nuclei that can be more metal
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00779-00169024-00169087 poor
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00780-00169088-00169366 than their average um metallicity of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00781-00169367-00169614 host galaxy then these lines are the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00782-00169615-00169654 mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00783-00169655-00169887 metallicity relations here for low mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00784-00169888-00169983 from kirby
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00785-00169984-00170175 and for the higher mass objects from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00786-00170176-00170335 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00787-00170336-00170583 and and you see that here at lower
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00788-00170584-00170663 masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00789-00170664-00170854 sometimes nuclei have lower
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00790-00170855-00171078 metallicities than the surrounding host
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00791-00171079-00171166 galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00792-00171167-00171487 um stellar body and here above 10 to the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00793-00171488-00171590 nine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00794-00171591-00171838 all nuclei that that are have been
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00795-00171839-00171966 studied are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00796-00171967-00172175 more metal rich than the surrounding
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00797-00172176-00172271 galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00798-00172272-00172599 so there is definitely nc2 growth
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00799-00172600-00172838 going on in these galaxies that's why
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00800-00172839-00172975 probably they also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00801-00172976-00173311 appear to be more um yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00802-00173312-00173735 more massive relative to the host galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00803-00173736-00174038 and this is when we now um subtract
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00804-00174039-00174263 the mass metallicity relation basically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00805-00174264-00174399 so it's in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00806-00174400-00174614 more or less showing the same thing it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00807-00174615-00174790 may be not as clear but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00808-00174791-00175102 yeah it's it's the same type of data
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00809-00175103-00175302 and this has now been followed up it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00810-00175303-00175431 quite exciting that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00811-00175432-00175711 there is so much progress in this uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00812-00175712-00175943 recent work by katya farion shows from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00813-00175944-00176023 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00814-00176024-00176343 fornax 3d survey that basically here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00815-00176344-00176471 metallicity again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00816-00176472-00176759 against now this is the mass of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00817-00176760-00176959 object so this is the mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00818-00176960-00177183 of the galaxies here these are the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00819-00177184-00177271 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00820-00177272-00177663 um and color coded by h so you see this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00821-00177664-00177878 again the mass metallicity relation of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00822-00177879-00178007 these galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00823-00178008-00178295 and then adding nuclear clusters and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00824-00178296-00178447 globular clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00825-00178448-00178638 you can see that some of the nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00826-00178639-00178871 clusters they're actually quite
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00827-00178872-00179214 massive and they are also some of them
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00828-00179215-00179359 are quite old some are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00829-00179360-00179638 in fact quite young but they they all
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00830-00179639-00179743 have pretty high
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00831-00179744-00180007 metallicities here at the high mass end
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00832-00180008-00180111 and they do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00833-00180112-00180326 merge with the globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00834-00180327-00180454 population
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00835-00180455-00180711 at the at the lower masses and also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00836-00180712-00180871 lower metallicities
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00837-00180872-00181071 so some of the nuclear clusters they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00838-00181072-00181302 have very very low metallicities
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00839-00181303-00181559 the lowest mass ones basically so there
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00840-00181560-00181687 is not been a lot of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00841-00181688-00181990 gas um accretion probably left
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00842-00181991-00182295 to to um enrich
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00843-00182296-00182583 the stellar populations of these nuclei
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00844-00182584-00182766 with with higher metals
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00845-00182767-00183095 so the picture that that katya
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00846-00183096-00183431 farian drew in her paper is exactly also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00847-00183432-00183599 in line with what we what we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00848-00183600-00183799 proposed in the in the review
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00849-00183800-00184031 is that basically at 10 to the nine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00850-00184032-00184175 solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00851-00184176-00184495 um you have this um dividing line
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00852-00184496-00184599 between
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00853-00184600-00184926 the formation scenario globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00854-00184927-00185223 in spiral here at the one side and for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00855-00185224-00185366 the low mass systems
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00856-00185367-00185551 and here central star formation at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00857-00185552-00185735 high mass but of course
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00858-00185736-00186023 there is also you know you will have a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00859-00186024-00186126 transition
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00860-00186127-00186431 where you have both um both mechanisms
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00861-00186432-00186566 working hand in hand
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00862-00186567-00186854 here in this transition region so this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00863-00186855-00186959 is really nice
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00864-00186960-00187287 but in um this extended star formation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00865-00187288-00187471 histories there are actually the norm so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00866-00187472-00187550 they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00867-00187551-00187790 they're there you know it's not that you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00868-00187791-00187878 form this thing
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00869-00187879-00188078 at an instance and then then it's there
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00870-00188079-00188287 sitting in isolation because you do sit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00871-00188288-00188463 at the center of the potential well of a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00872-00188464-00188719 galaxy so there is a lot happening there
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00873-00188720-00188999 so nuclear clusters basically all show
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00874-00189000-00189247 extended star formation histories
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00875-00189248-00189502 this is from a work of my previous
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00876-00189503-00189711 postdoc of my former postdoc nikolai
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00877-00189712-00189887 kacharov and it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00878-00189888-00190102 also been shown by other people that you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00879-00190103-00190247 do need
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00880-00190248-00190463 a stellar population of different ages
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00881-00190464-00190631 and metallicities to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00882-00190632-00190926 to explain or to model the spectra of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00883-00190927-00191111 nuclear star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00884-00191112-00191343 and we also know that extended star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00885-00191344-00191550 formation history is very important for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00886-00191551-00191702 the milky way center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00887-00191703-00191990 so the majority of the mass is pretty
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00888-00191991-00192054 old
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00889-00192055-00192271 but you do have bursts of younger stuff
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00890-00192272-00192471 remission on top of this also and this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00891-00192472-00192526 is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00892-00192527-00192775 beautiful work by paco and from the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00893-00192776-00192919 galactic nuclear survey
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00894-00192920-00193254 led by reiner okay
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00895-00193255-00193614 so looking into our nearby universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00896-00193615-00193935 and into a number of very beautiful um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00897-00193936-00194247 pure spiral galaxies we can study
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00898-00194248-00194454 um quite a number of things so all of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00899-00194455-00194550 these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00900-00194551-00194847 galaxies and they host pretty nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00901-00194848-00194983 star clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00902-00194984-00195223 and in a program with hst with seven
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00903-00195224-00195463 filters here photometry
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00904-00195464-00195766 we looked at the shapes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00905-00195767-00195943 and also stellar populations of these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00906-00195944-00196166 galaxies and one thing
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00907-00196167-00196511 that we found was that when you sort
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00908-00196512-00196719 them
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00909-00196720-00197135 by by wavelength basically you do see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00910-00197136-00197471 that the cluster sizes increases
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00911-00197472-00197743 with the filter wavelength so it looks
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00912-00197744-00197966 like the redder stars are more extended
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00913-00197967-00198150 and the bluer stars are more centrally
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00914-00198151-00198295 concentrated and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00915-00198296-00198519 interpretation is that the young stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00916-00198520-00198766 are more centrally concentrated also the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00917-00198767-00198943 stars they may actually form more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00918-00198944-00199054 central
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00919-00199055-00199302 and the old component is more especially
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00920-00199303-00199502 extended and rounder
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00921-00199503-00199783 and again the milky way helps us to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00922-00199784-00199983 really resolve this into individual
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00923-00199984-00200078 stars because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00924-00200079-00200502 it's our most nearby galactic nucleus
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00925-00200503-00200831 and this is work um that's been led by
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00926-00200832-00200919 my former
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00927-00200920-00201190 phd student anja feldmeier felt my
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00928-00201191-00201319 accouse
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00929-00201320-00201623 where she analyzed both eyesight data a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00930-00201624-00201671 long
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00931-00201672-00201990 slit scan with isac here in this green
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00932-00201991-00202102 boxes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00933-00202103-00202414 and also kmos data in the background you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00934-00202415-00202519 see an
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00935-00202520-00202871 image grayscale image of the vvv survey
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00936-00202872-00203071 and and you see here the blue stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00937-00203072-00203175 they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00938-00203176-00203390 the young stars and the other colored
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00939-00203391-00203487 stars are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00940-00203488-00203702 older stars and you see also here in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00941-00203703-00203814 milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00942-00203815-00204063 we do find the young stars centrally
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00943-00204064-00204183 concentrated
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00944-00204184-00204407 and this has been known for a while but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00945-00204408-00204590 but the work of anya really showed that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00946-00204591-00204663 there are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00947-00204664-00204958 no stars really not the majority of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00948-00204959-00205134 stars have been missing here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00949-00205135-00205438 in our large um larger scan uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00950-00205439-00205703 field is really we we would have seen if
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00951-00205704-00205838 there would be really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00952-00205839-00206055 many more young stars because it's quite
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00953-00206056-00206319 tricky actually to detect young stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00954-00206319-00206519 here in the in the galactic center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00955-00206519-00206766 because you are bound to near infrared
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00956-00206767-00206990 wavelength and from photometry alone
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00957-00206991-00207175 it's it's very very difficult to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00958-00207176-00207351 identify young stars from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00959-00207352-00207638 a jhk photometry in this region and i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00960-00207639-00207694 think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00961-00207696-00207919 paco may have told you much more about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00962-00207919-00208006 this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00963-00208007-00208286 so from from this work we not only got
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00964-00208287-00208455 individual stellar spectra but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00965-00208456-00208727 also a velocity map of the central
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00966-00208728-00208942 region of the milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00967-00208944-00209310 and this is really very nice because for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00968-00209311-00209494 the first time we can see in the in a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00969-00209496-00209534 map
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00970-00209535-00209863 type of way how the stars circle
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00971-00209864-00210039 around the center of the milky way so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00972-00210040-00210198 the red side is going away from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00973-00210200-00210375 us and the blue side is coming towards
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00974-00210376-00210639 us and with this data set because we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00975-00210640-00210823 know that there is a black hole sitting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00976-00210823-00210998 here at the very center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00977-00211000-00211327 we can also start and test the black
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00978-00211328-00211503 hole mass models that we use for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00979-00211504-00211710 external galaxies and i just want to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00980-00211711-00211782 spend
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00981-00211783-00212071 a minute on how how we actually do that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00982-00212071-00212127 so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00983-00212128-00212334 when you want to measure a black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00984-00212335-00212463 mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00985-00212464-00212671 you have several requirements right you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00986-00212671-00212871 need a dynamical tracer to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00987-00212871-00213167 to uh trace the the motion of the of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00988-00213167-00213191 un
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00989-00213192-00213463 invisible mass of the black hole and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00990-00213464-00213631 influence of the black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00991-00213632-00213903 you you trace it on on your secondary
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00992-00213904-00213982 body
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00993-00213983-00214255 gas or stars and then you need to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00994-00214256-00214479 resolve the region where the black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00995-00214480-00214727 in fact influences or dominates the the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00996-00214728-00214903 gravitational potential
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00997-00214904-00215103 and then thirdly you need a dynamical
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00998-00215104-00215294 model that takes into account
yYE-Yq3UL0U-00999-00215296-00215510 the gravitational potential of the stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01000-00215511-00215719 because the stars they do accumulate
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01001-00215719-00215942 mass quite drastically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01002-00215944-00216215 and and then you you need to take that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01003-00216216-00216431 into account and of course the the mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01004-00216432-00216719 of the putative the potential black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01005-00216719-00217039 and so anya's work here has put together
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01006-00217040-00217110 the first
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01007-00217111-00217391 dimensional maps of the motions of stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01008-00217392-00217591 around the center of the milky way so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01009-00217592-00217703 here we have the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01010-00217704-00217942 line of sight motion and here we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01011-00217944-00218182 the velocity dispersion of the beta
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01012-00218183-00218423 you directly see the region where the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01013-00218423-00218615 black hole dominates the potential
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01014-00218616-00218927 as the region here the in in the milky
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01015-00218928-00219215 way center it's about one parsec radius
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01016-00219216-00219463 and you see this at this elevated
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01017-00219464-00219615 velocity dispersion
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01018-00219616-00219855 measurements and the cross is where the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01019-00219856-00220046 black hole sits so this is the peak in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01020-00220048-00220206 velocity dispersion
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01021-00220207-00220558 but now we can use the same type of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01022-00220559-00220823 dynamical model that we can we typically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01023-00220823-00221046 use also for external galaxies because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01024-00221048-00221239 they're only these kind of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01025-00221240-00221542 measurements are possible and we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01026-00221544-00221758 super well resolve the sphere of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01027-00221759-00221894 influence here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01028-00221896-00222175 and this is a now a schwarzschild
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01029-00222176-00222327 dynamical model so an
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01030-00222328-00222631 orbit superposition model that predicts
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01031-00222632-00222823 the mass of the black hole to be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01032-00222823-00223071 3 times 10 to the 6 solar masses so you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01033-00223071-00223246 see it's a little bit lower
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01034-00223248-00223487 than the canonical value of 4 million
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01035-00223488-00223703 solar masses that we know from resolved
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01036-00223704-00223831 stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01037-00223832-00224055 but within the uncertainties that are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01038-00224056-00224215 definitely larger in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01039-00224216-00224598 type of modeling it fully agrees so i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01040-00224600-00224639 think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01041-00224640-00224967 this is really a very unique validation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01042-00224967-00225246 of the models that we use for external
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01043-00225248-00225423 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01044-00225423-00225782 okay so having the kinematics is really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01045-00225783-00225942 great because it can also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01046-00225944-00226110 show you tell us something about the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01047-00226111-00226375 formation of nuclear clusters because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01048-00226376-00226591 here um it's it's rotating pretty
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01049-00226592-00226719 rapidly
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01050-00226719-00226951 and it looks like also other nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01051-00226952-00227175 star clusters typically rotate
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01052-00227176-00227439 so here's the milky way in comparison to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01053-00227440-00227734 to other galaxies this is 4244
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01054-00227735-00227967 the galaxy that you've seen at the very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01055-00227967-00228110 beginning in this movie
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01056-00228111-00228375 it's the edge on example so it also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01057-00228376-00228534 rotates pretty
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01058-00228535-00228846 pretty well and this is a nearby
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01059-00228848-00229191 early type ngc 404 and an early type in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01060-00229192-00229558 the fornax galaxy cluster fcc 47
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01061-00229559-00229791 um that that is actually a very massive
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01062-00229792-00229942 galaxy so it actually
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01063-00229944-00230255 also has quite rapid rotation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01064-00230256-00230542 so you see more or less even this this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01065-00230544-00230727 low mass elliptical it it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01066-00230728-00230958 shows rotation a bit more complex
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01067-00230959-00231046 kinematics
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01068-00231048-00231342 maybe but we can compare the rotational
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01069-00231344-00231575 signature to the velocity dispersion and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01070-00231576-00231679 get
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01071-00231680-00231951 an idea of what's the rotational support
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01072-00231952-00232087 of the stars in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01073-00232088-00232327 centers of this galaxy this is the v
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01074-00232328-00232463 over sigma versus
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01075-00232464-00232806 epsilon plot and and when we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01076-00232807-00233151 compiled this um last year we figured
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01077-00233152-00233294 out that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01078-00233296-00233582 sorry that there were very few um late
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01079-00233583-00233791 time galaxies here in this plot
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01080-00233792-00234079 we had the data and finally now um my
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01081-00234080-00234142 postdoc
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01082-00234144-00234439 francesca pina has has filled in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01083-00234440-00234558 plot with many more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01084-00234559-00234806 uh spiral galaxies and it's quite nice
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01085-00234807-00234894 to see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01086-00234896-00235223 that the spirals of course as you may
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01087-00235223-00235527 yeah expect they do show higher degree
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01088-00235528-00235598 of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01089-00235600-00235967 rotation versus um dispersion
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01090-00235967-00236303 um m32 is actually quite high up here so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01091-00236304-00236591 um it it may tell you something about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01092-00236592-00236710 maybe this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01093-00236711-00236982 um the leftover of a nucleus that that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01094-00236983-00237094 came from an uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01095-00237096-00237382 more um spiral like galaxy because it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01096-00237383-00237439 had an
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01097-00237440-00237655 interaction with the andromeda galaxy in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01098-00237656-00237751 the past
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01099-00237752-00238063 so this kind of um yeah information is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01100-00238064-00238246 also hidden in the kinematics but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01101-00238248-00238446 it's yeah it's a little bit more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01102-00238448-00238567 uncertain but it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01103-00238567-00238855 definitely right very interesting okay
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01104-00238856-00239079 so what else can the kinematics tell you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01105-00239080-00239255 i i told you that we are looking for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01106-00239256-00239446 black holes in these nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01107-00239448-00239719 and this is basically what i want to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01108-00239719-00239975 end with the talk is the next 10 minutes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01109-00239976-00240167 will be dedicated to black holes and how
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01110-00240167-00240382 nuclear clusters can help us
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01111-00240383-00240703 there so these low mass galaxies they do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01112-00240704-00240919 host nuclear clusters but also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01113-00240919-00241134 black holes and here the milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01114-00241135-00241327 center in comparison
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01115-00241328-00241630 to our yeah more nearby spiral
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01116-00241631-00241951 galaxies and and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01117-00241952-00242255 this is a very nice example of an agn
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01118-00242256-00242439 it's 43.95
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01119-00242440-00242830 ngc 4395 where from gas kinematics we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01120-00242831-00242879 could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01121-00242880-00243206 um get a black hole mass of around 4
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01122-00243207-00243415 times 10 to the 5 solar masses so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01123-00243416-00243623 in an order of magnitude lower than in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01124-00243623-00243767 the milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01125-00243767-00244082 and here um in this nearby galaxy ngc
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01126-00244083-00244455 7793 it's also pure spiral galaxy we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01127-00244456-00244791 we also um kind of think we do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01128-00244792-00245079 get close to a detection of a black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01129-00245080-00245206 so we have an entire
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01130-00245207-00245567 sample that is putting yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01131-00245567-00245767 spanning a parameter space of very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01132-00245767-00245975 nearby galaxies because we need to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01133-00245976-00246142 resolve the sphere of influence of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01134-00246144-00246271 black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01135-00246271-00246519 and we cover only very low mass galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01136-00246519-00246679 because we think they're very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01137-00246680-00246871 interesting to probe because we want to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01138-00246871-00246942 see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01139-00246944-00247142 at which point of the evolution in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01140-00247144-00247342 galaxy you already find massive black
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01141-00247344-00247439 holes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01142-00247440-00247615 and we do find black holes in all of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01143-00247616-00247742 these galaxies that i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01144-00247744-00248015 actually have encircled here this is at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01145-00248016-00248198 the moment an upper limit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01146-00248200-00248446 but even in this very low mass galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01147-00248448-00248582 ngc 205
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01148-00248583-00248798 we we push the limit to a black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01149-00248800-00249055 detection we do not find signs here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01150-00249056-00249263 and we we have not analyzed the others
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01151-00249264-00249494 because the data in these low surface
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01152-00249496-00249687 brightness objects is very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01153-00249688-00249894 challenging to in fact resolve the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01154-00249896-00250030 kinematics so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01155-00250031-00250415 in seven of the nine hosts that we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01156-00250416-00250703 already studied we do find a compact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01157-00250704-00250839 center at the at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01158-00250840-00251046 a compact object at the center of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01159-00251048-00251198 galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01160-00251200-00251558 and then this is compared to other
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01161-00251559-00251919 literature data where nuclear star
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01162-00251919-00251991 clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01163-00251992-00252319 and black holes coexist again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01164-00252319-00252623 as a function of host galaxy um stellar
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01165-00252623-00252703 mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01166-00252704-00253030 we do see that um here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01167-00253031-00253206 you you have first more or less a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01168-00253207-00253398 plateau of the same
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01169-00253400-00253582 fraction more or less of black hole mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01170-00253583-00253806 to nuclear cluster mass but then
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01171-00253807-00254063 um the black holes pick up and and they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01172-00254064-00254175 do dominate
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01173-00254176-00254446 the central potential of those galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01174-00254448-00254487 and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01175-00254488-00254710 at some point nuclear clusters disappear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01176-00254711-00254903 in galaxy centers
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01177-00254904-00255230 and here it's the black hole mass to the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01178-00255231-00255358 nuclear cluster mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01179-00255359-00255606 as a function of the nuclear cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01180-00255607-00255791 mass and here we have added
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01181-00255792-00256015 a few objects that are called ultra
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01182-00256016-00256198 compact dwarf galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01183-00256200-00256510 and this is a very interesting category
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01184-00256511-00256806 because ultra compact dwarfs they have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01185-00256807-00256855 often
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01186-00256856-00257071 they they have thought to be either the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01187-00257071-00257271 high mass end of the globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01188-00257271-00257398 mass sequence
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01189-00257400-00257742 or stripped off galaxy centers and the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01190-00257744-00257958 fact that we do find very massive black
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01191-00257959-00258055 holes in those
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01192-00258056-00258367 objects actually makes us believe and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01193-00258367-00258551 together with the fact that they are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01194-00258552-00258742 having very extended star formation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01195-00258744-00258823 histories
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01196-00258823-00259055 that those objects are in fact stripped
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01197-00259056-00259271 of nuclear clusters and this brings me
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01198-00259271-00259375 to the point
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01199-00259376-00259591 where we think they may actually form
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01200-00259592-00259798 from globular clusters that but they may
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01201-00259800-00260030 also end up as globular clusters as the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01202-00260031-00260239 highest mass globular clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01203-00260240-00260558 in their in in other galaxies so when i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01204-00260559-00260846 ask you which of those galaxies in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01205-00260848-00260887 image
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01206-00260888-00261158 is the densest galaxy it used to be the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01207-00261159-00261334 densest galaxy in the universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01208-00261335-00261679 when it was found and it was identified
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01209-00261680-00261846 you may have not even picked up this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01210-00261848-00261998 very small dot here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01211-00262000-00262239 in this image but this is used to be the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01212-00262240-00262430 densest galaxy and when we look at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01213-00262431-00262695 kinematics of the stars here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01214-00262696-00262927 the motion of the stars they reveal the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01215-00262928-00263110 presence of a massive black
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01216-00263111-00263287 hole here at the center so the stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01217-00263288-00263471 actually rotate very nicely
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01218-00263472-00263695 but they also do show a very high
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01219-00263696-00263823 enhanced peak
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01220-00263824-00264103 of velocity dispersion and modeling this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01221-00264104-00264223 again with the schwarzschild
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01222-00264224-00264343 superposition
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01223-00264344-00264615 orbit superposition method reveals a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01224-00264616-00264775 black hole mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01225-00264776-00264982 of about two times ten to the seven
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01226-00264983-00265103 solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01227-00265104-00265319 and this is enormous black hole for this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01228-00265320-00265455 tiny galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01229-00265456-00265647 because the black hole makes up about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01230-00265648-00265767 fifteen percent
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01231-00265768-00266023 of the ucd's mass of the entire mass of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01232-00266024-00266151 the galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01233-00266152-00266399 and this is crazy because usually they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01234-00266400-00266655 make up about 0.5 percent or so of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01235-00266656-00266767 galaxy mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01236-00266768-00266975 but when you compare for example for the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01237-00266976-00267087 milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01238-00267088-00267295 the mass of the central black hole of 4
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01239-00267296-00267463 million solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01240-00267464-00267727 to the nuclear star cluster of 3 times
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01241-00267728-00268030 10 to the 7 so 30 million solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01242-00268031-00268295 you have exactly the same mass ratio so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01243-00268296-00268439 this is what we believe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01244-00268440-00268806 happens here is that you have a strip
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01245-00268807-00269110 of nucleus of a galaxy in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01246-00269111-00269519 massive body of m60 so here and body
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01247-00269520-00269758 simulations of holger baumgardt they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01248-00269759-00269823 show
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01249-00269824-00270030 that when you have this nucleated galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01250-00270031-00270134 and you throw it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01251-00270135-00270367 into this massive elliptical in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01252-00270368-00270606 virgo cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01253-00270607-00270839 you strip off the more loosely bound
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01254-00270840-00270958 stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01255-00270959-00271287 do you see this actually i think so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01256-00271288-00271719 and and you you strip it off and you do
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01257-00271720-00271999 you you are left with in the end with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01258-00272000-00272143 only the very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01259-00272144-00272447 tightly bound stars in the nucleus that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01260-00272448-00272630 sit in the potential well
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01261-00272631-00272934 also of the massive black hole and so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01262-00272935-00273175 yeah in simulations you can do very nice
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01263-00273176-00273327 things and you just end up where you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01264-00273328-00273479 want to be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01265-00273480-00273703 and in this outskirt of of this very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01266-00273704-00273863 massive elliptical
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01267-00273864-00274103 and this type of process is this they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01268-00274104-00274199 also happen
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01269-00274200-00274495 maybe to a less extent but they also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01270-00274496-00274575 happen
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01271-00274576-00274855 around the milky way so there is a very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01272-00274856-00274975 interesting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01273-00274976-00275167 target which is the nucleus of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01274-00275168-00275367 sagittarius dwarf
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01275-00275368-00275719 m54 and it was discovered long before
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01276-00275720-00275927 the sagittarius dwarf galaxy was
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01277-00275928-00276047 discovered
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01278-00276048-00276415 so m54 sits at the photometric center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01279-00276416-00276719 of of the sagittarius galaxy and we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01280-00276720-00276982 studied this galaxy this galaxy core
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01281-00276983-00277215 that is classified as a globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01282-00277216-00277375 of the milky way it's actually in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01283-00277376-00277575 the second most massive globular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01284-00277576-00277703 of the milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01285-00277704-00278015 we studied it with a nice program with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01286-00278016-00278055 mu
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01287-00278056-00278343 so we've got 16 pointings with news and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01288-00278344-00278606 this has been work led by my former phd
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01289-00278607-00278823 student maite alfaro cuello also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01290-00278824-00278951 together with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01291-00278952-00279191 nikolai kacharov and others in in my
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01292-00279192-00279271 team
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01293-00279272-00279551 and this is now a fails color image from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01294-00279552-00279719 the muse cube so you see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01295-00279720-00280030 um the muse data is really excellent and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01296-00280031-00280095 we get
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01297-00280096-00280503 more than 6600 stellar spectra
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01298-00280504-00280815 from these um from these muse pointings
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01299-00280816-00281079 and with this we can reconstruct the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01300-00281080-00281391 formation history of m54
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01301-00281392-00281639 i can maybe go into a little bit more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01302-00281640-00281806 detail if you're interested
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01303-00281807-00282127 but at the moment i would like to um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01304-00282128-00282510 focus on the on the kinematics because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01305-00282511-00282575 this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01306-00282576-00282887 what we are what we are doing now so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01307-00282888-00283199 we we are looking at um how the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01308-00283200-00283375 different populations that we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01309-00283376-00283519 identified in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01310-00283520-00283855 in this milky way globular cluster in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01311-00283856-00284103 fact it's a stripped of nuclear cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01312-00284104-00284319 is that we have an old metal poor
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01313-00284320-00284454 population
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01314-00284455-00284630 that is more extended so the young
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01315-00284631-00284871 population is more metal rich
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01316-00284872-00285023 here this is the more metal rich
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01317-00285024-00285263 population it's it's more centrally
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01318-00285264-00285406 concentrated
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01319-00285407-00285734 and it actually rotates faster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01320-00285735-00286030 than the old metal poor population that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01321-00286031-00286127 is more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01322-00286128-00286430 dispersion dominated so again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01323-00286431-00286615 kind of showing the similar trends as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01324-00286616-00286815 also in the other nuclear clusters that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01325-00286816-00287127 are still in their host galaxy body
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01326-00287128-00287382 and then what we of course would like to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01327-00287383-00287439 find
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01328-00287440-00287823 is a signature of a massive black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01329-00287824-00288006 but what you see here is that the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01330-00288007-00288223 velocity dispersion in fact drops at the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01331-00288224-00288391 very center and this is because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01332-00288392-00288654 of the very high crowding of stars in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01333-00288655-00288854 the center of m54
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01334-00288855-00289054 so the stars are so nearby that we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01335-00289055-00289247 cannot resolve enough stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01336-00289248-00289519 to get the enhanced signal of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01337-00289520-00289687 velocity dispersion from these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01338-00289688-00289815 individual stars
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01339-00289816-00290054 and the integrated resolution of muse is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01340-00290055-00290158 too low
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01341-00290159-00290575 to um to detect um or to resolve the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01342-00290576-00290823 um velocity dispersion of only 20
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01343-00290824-00290999 kilometers per second here so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01344-00291000-00291206 we are kind of lost because this is in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01345-00291207-00291471 fact exactly the the region that we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01346-00291472-00291639 would be interested in because this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01347-00291640-00291999 is the only part that would be in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01348-00292000-00292263 influenced by the presence of the of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01349-00292264-00292367 black hole here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01350-00292368-00292567 so you have to resolve the central
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01351-00292568-00292671 region
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01352-00292672-00292879 and we need to resolve the central 10
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01353-00292880-00293095 arc seconds so we need higher special
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01354-00293096-00293191 resolution
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01355-00293192-00293495 but luckily muse has been equipped
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01356-00293496-00293782 with adaptive optics so we got data in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01357-00293783-00293847 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01358-00293848-00294079 white field mode plus ao so you see it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01359-00294080-00294271 already a bit better
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01360-00294272-00294454 but still not good enough so we needed
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01361-00294455-00294710 to focus even closer to the center and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01362-00294711-00294823 this is now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01363-00294824-00295134 with the narrow field mode of muse
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01364-00295135-00295319 and and now at the resolution of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01365-00295320-00295534 white field mode ao but when we switch
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01366-00295535-00295895 on the ao for the narrow field mode
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01367-00295896-00296230 we get really superb data
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01368-00296231-00296463 with an increase of a factor of 10 of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01369-00296464-00296623 spatial resolution
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01370-00296624-00296847 so we do resolve individual stars here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01371-00296848-00296967 at the center and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01372-00296968-00297230 also do get a little bit of of this of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01373-00297231-00297391 the signature but this is work in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01374-00297392-00297503 progress so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01375-00297504-00297815 so maite is working hard to constrain
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01376-00297816-00297982 the black hole mass in this object that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01377-00297983-00298071 has
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01378-00298072-00298295 been claimed to be around 10 to the four
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01379-00298296-00298439 solar masses
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01380-00298440-00298639 another cluster that we of course study
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01381-00298640-00298743 is omega sen
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01382-00298744-00298967 we have an ongoing news program i can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01383-00298968-00299182 tell you more things maybe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01384-00299183-00299447 when i can visit in person but this in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01385-00299448-00299487 fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01386-00299488-00299782 brings me uh towards the end of my talk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01387-00299783-00299887 when i want to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01388-00299888-00300095 really really thank all the great people
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01389-00300096-00300287 in in my research group
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01390-00300288-00300639 and um here you see the people who are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01391-00300640-00300799 still with me anya
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01392-00300800-00301054 is now a postdoc in my group paco
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01393-00301055-00301199 francesca pina
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01394-00301200-00301487 and i also had a great people who went
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01395-00301488-00301534 on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01396-00301535-00301887 to do other things um alina is a current
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01397-00301888-00302030 phd student
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01398-00302031-00302223 uh max and selena working on the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01399-00302224-00302454 onmegasan project and niels
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01400-00302455-00302703 was working on this duplication fraction
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01401-00302704-00302839 that i showed you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01402-00302840-00303079 okay so with this i would like to end my
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01403-00303080-00303206 my presentation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01404-00303207-00303463 by again putting up my conclusions that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01405-00303464-00303671 i already showed you at the beginning
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01406-00303672-00303830 why nuclear star clusters are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01407-00303831-00304023 interesting i think they're super
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01408-00304024-00304182 interesting because they're the densest
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01409-00304183-00304358 cellar systems in the universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01410-00304359-00304606 they give you a record of the mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01411-00304607-00304695 accretion
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01412-00304696-00304975 in the nucleus of a galaxy they form
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01413-00304976-00305023 from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01414-00305024-00305343 but also may return to globular clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01415-00305344-00305527 they're present really in the majority
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01416-00305528-00305695 of massive galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01417-00305696-00305871 and there is a strong connection to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01418-00305872-00306054 massive black holes and they might
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01419-00306055-00306158 actually tell us
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01420-00306159-00306375 where to find the lowest mass black
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01421-00306376-00306591 holes in the universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01422-00306592-00306823 and here is where i will end thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01423-00306824-00307230 very much for your attention
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01424-00307231-00307519 thank you very much nadine for this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01425-00307520-00307710 wonderful talk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01426-00307711-00308023 and now the talk is open for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01427-00308024-00308479 questions reiner will manage it and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01428-00308480-00308710 please raise your hand for doing that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01429-00308711-00308975 press the button
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01430-00308976-00309263 in the menu there and raise your hand
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01431-00309264-00309351 and i think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01432-00309352-00309727 sorry reiner okay thank you thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01433-00309728-00309887 nadine this has been an incredibly good
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01434-00309888-00310087 talk i i know personally she has had a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01435-00310088-00310127 bit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01436-00310128-00310279 she was a bit under pressure and i'm
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01437-00310280-00310495 preparing this and it was
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01438-00310496-00310671 one of the best talks i have listened to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01439-00310672-00310847 in years so so really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01440-00310848-00311175 congratulations i know thank you so much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01441-00311176-00311375 that's been an absolutely amazing talk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01442-00311376-00311582 of course i'm very close to this but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01443-00311583-00311958 no here's the first talk so yes we have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01444-00311959-00312295 mark parcells i think
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01445-00312296-00312615 you can can i unmute him or can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01446-00312616-00312751 do you have to do this renee the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01447-00312752-00312951 unmuting he will he will do it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01448-00312952-00313271 yeah okay good mark yes
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01449-00313272-00313606 um thanks for for a beautiful talk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01450-00313607-00314015 uh enjoyed it very much i i wanted to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01451-00314016-00314334 to uh go back to the very beginning
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01452-00314335-00314671 where you uh discuss um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01453-00314672-00315006 the frequencies um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01454-00315007-00315319 you know i i wonder
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01455-00315320-00315527 if uh what are the selection effects on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01456-00315528-00315687 those plots
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01457-00315688-00315982 uh on the fraction of galaxies that have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01458-00315983-00316151 that have nuclear star clusters because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01459-00316152-00316382 on the on the low side
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01460-00316383-00316630 uh because the mass of the in the size
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01461-00316631-00316687 of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01462-00316688-00316975 of the cluster scales to some degree
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01463-00316976-00317079 with a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01464-00317080-00317351 with the mass and the size of the of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01465-00317352-00317510 parent galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01466-00317511-00317782 uh the clusters are smaller and smaller
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01467-00317783-00318110 and maybe very tricky and also under uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01468-00318111-00318327 more interesting i think at least to me
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01469-00318328-00318567 is on the high mass side
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01470-00318568-00318863 um because galaxies then tend to have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01471-00318864-00319023 bulges
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01472-00319024-00319303 um the surface brightness of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01473-00319304-00319406 underlying galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01474-00319407-00319743 goes up and distinguishing whether this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01475-00319744-00319815 is just a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01476-00319816-00320206 a single surcik type profile going in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01477-00320207-00320510 or there's a circular cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01478-00320511-00320871 it can be tricky um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01479-00320872-00321119 so i was wondering what was your your
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01480-00321120-00321254 idea on on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01481-00321255-00321519 on what would be the real underlying
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01482-00321520-00321671 distribution and whether nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01483-00321672-00321782 clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01484-00321783-00322119 just are there in essentially
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01485-00322120-00322367 all of the high mass galaxies even
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01486-00322368-00322495 though we don't see them because the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01487-00322496-00322695 brightness kind of merges with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01488-00322696-00322927 with underlying distribution thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01489-00322928-00323127 very much for this question and yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01490-00323128-00323327 and i i know you've been one of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01491-00323328-00323567 early players in this field so it's very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01492-00323568-00323734 very nice to have you here and your
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01493-00323735-00323871 interest um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01494-00323872-00324119 so i think you're touching on a very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01495-00324120-00324382 important point is kind of you know how
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01496-00324383-00324599 when to really call something a nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01497-00324600-00324695 cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01498-00324696-00325079 so and and selection effects that could
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01499-00325080-00325399 in fact we've also said in the in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01500-00325400-00325710 review that these are in fact we believe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01501-00325711-00325910 are lower limits on the nucleation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01502-00325911-00326030 fraction because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01503-00326031-00326295 um we we might actually miss some
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01504-00326296-00326406 nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01505-00326407-00326663 in the more massive galaxies because um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01506-00326664-00326799 just we cannot
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01507-00326800-00326982 discriminate them between you know the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01508-00326983-00327215 underlying body as you say and also some
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01509-00327216-00327423 dusty objects like in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01510-00327424-00327615 corolla sample i think the corolla
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01511-00327616-00327823 sample in fact although it's listed here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01512-00327824-00328047 it's not made it into our nucleation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01513-00328048-00328199 fraction plot because it's been too
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01514-00328200-00328430 difficult also we didn't know the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01515-00328431-00328647 stellar masses here also for the hosts
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01516-00328648-00328767 and it was tricky to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01517-00328768-00329110 to get them but um it's true that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01518-00329111-00329423 probably um in in at least in some of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01519-00329424-00329591 those galaxies those might be lower
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01520-00329592-00329830 limits and we might actually have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01521-00329831-00330191 more galaxies at the very high mass end
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01522-00330192-00330503 um here we don't in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01523-00330504-00330927 c um we may be incomplete
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01524-00330928-00331295 to the to the highest mass galaxies also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01525-00331296-00331527 but but they're the highest mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01526-00331528-00331734 galaxies because they do have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01527-00331735-00332023 um quite shallow cores in the centers i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01528-00332024-00332223 think we would see nuclear clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01529-00332224-00332478 if if there would be there like in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01530-00332479-00332606 objects like
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01531-00332607-00332903 for example m87 or so i think there may
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01532-00332904-00333087 not be the problem but those
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01533-00333088-00333303 power law ellipticals may be the the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01534-00333304-00333503 ones that that we might be more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01535-00333504-00333815 more concerned about and there it's it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01536-00333816-00334006 a bit tricky i don't know whether
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01537-00334007-00334223 that actually is sufficient for you as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01538-00334224-00334343 an answer but it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01539-00334344-00334671 um it's definitely um probably
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01540-00334672-00334863 more a lower limit for the nucleation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01541-00334864-00335039 fraction than
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01542-00335040-00335310 anything yeah great thanks thanks very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01543-00335311-00335543 much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01544-00335544-00336975 more questions you can also use the chat
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01545-00336976-00337310 yeah so um i wanted to congratulate you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01546-00337311-00337423 nathan it was really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01547-00337424-00337751 a great a great talk i've learned a lot
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01548-00337752-00338015 and it's an amazing i mean i don't know
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01549-00338016-00338175 exactly but i calculated some
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01550-00338176-00338503 amazing amount of work that you've shown
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01551-00338504-00338671 i have a question concerning cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01552-00338672-00338806 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01553-00338807-00339143 um uh since they are supposed to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01554-00339144-00339406 be suffering or at least some of them
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01555-00339407-00339558 from processes that are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01556-00339559-00339743 taking out mass from them so as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01557-00339744-00339910 harassment or so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01558-00339911-00340230 uh um how can this affect
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01559-00340231-00340447 uh the position of the galaxies you're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01560-00340448-00340606 showing in in terms of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01561-00340607-00341095 how the nuclear uh sela cluster uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01562-00341096-00341263 contributes i mean have a relative
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01563-00341264-00341415 contribution to the total mass
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01564-00341416-00341582 if you are not taking not considering
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01565-00341583-00341767 the the total initial mass because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01566-00341768-00341847 they've
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01567-00341848-00342230 suffered from muscles okay this is also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01568-00342231-00342254 a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01569-00342255-00342551 very interesting question um regarding
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01570-00342552-00342582 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01571-00342583-00342799 build up of the nuclei when you have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01572-00342800-00343006 mergers of galaxies right
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01573-00343007-00343182 so this is something that we have also
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01574-00343183-00343382 explored explored in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01575-00343383-00343591 in the review and and and in this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01576-00343592-00343799 follow-up paper in in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01577-00343800-00344127 uh with uh from niels hoyer um is that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01578-00344128-00344430 there have been simulations um by fabio
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01579-00344431-00344606 antonini for example
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01580-00344607-00344927 that you know put together in mergers uh
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01581-00344928-00345103 galaxies and and first you may
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01582-00345104-00345382 disrupt the the nucleus but then you can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01583-00345383-00345591 rebuild it and you can rebuild it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01584-00345592-00345878 if the um if the black hole is not as
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01585-00345879-00346071 dominant in the center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01586-00346072-00346406 so you would um rebuild a nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01587-00346407-00346471 cluster
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01588-00346472-00346871 in after the merger or basically the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01589-00346872-00347071 the nuclear cluster together with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01590-00347072-00347206 black holes they come in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01591-00347207-00347423 and and they merge because they they're
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01592-00347424-00347543 the the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01593-00347544-00347815 most massive particle so to say in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01594-00347816-00347919 that whole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01595-00347920-00348239 merger um business and then um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01596-00348240-00348430 the nuclear clusters would also merge
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01597-00348431-00348567 and they they would
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01598-00348568-00348839 would be there more or less on that on
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01599-00348840-00349047 that relation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01600-00349048-00349478 but um in terms of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01601-00349479-00349758 galaxy the host galaxy and especially
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01602-00349759-00349806 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01603-00349807-00350039 the lomas the dwarf type galaxies that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01604-00350040-00350110 you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01605-00350111-00350351 that you may throw in you know in into
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01606-00350352-00350430 the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01607-00350431-00350671 more massive galaxies in in a cluster of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01608-00350672-00350751 course they
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01609-00350752-00350975 they will contribute to the to the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01610-00350976-00351103 outskirts of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01611-00351104-00351439 more massive galaxies and their nuclei
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01612-00351440-00351615 may actually hang around
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01613-00351616-00351943 as as most massive globular clusters
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01614-00351944-00352263 of that of that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01615-00352264-00352606 giant elliptical galaxy and for example
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01616-00352607-00352878 for the milky way these type of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01617-00352879-00353087 simulations have been done to predict
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01618-00353088-00353182 how many
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01619-00353183-00353510 stripped of nuclei we would have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01620-00353511-00353719 accreted over the history of the milky
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01621-00353720-00353878 way and in in fact
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01622-00353879-00354143 different simulations for example by
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01623-00354144-00354310 dietrich kreuzen
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01624-00354311-00354527 one of the latest ones show that the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01625-00354528-00354815 milky way has probably accreted about
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01626-00354816-00355206 um five to seven um stripped of nuclei
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01627-00355207-00355343 of galaxies so
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01628-00355344-00355543 the most prominent example is probably
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01629-00355544-00355678 omega sen this
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01630-00355679-00355975 has been fairly early merger with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01631-00355976-00356103 milky way
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01632-00356104-00356319 and uh one of the later ones that we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01633-00356320-00356591 still see the host galaxy is m54
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01634-00356592-00356887 so there we can really see this in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01635-00356888-00356958 progress
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01636-00356959-00357319 this merger um and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01637-00357320-00357551 yeah so this is very interesting because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01638-00357552-00357743 those could also bring
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01639-00357744-00358047 black holes with them and and because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01640-00358048-00358247 you strip off the nucleus of a galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01641-00358248-00358415 the black hole
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01642-00358416-00358734 is kind of starved of material to to be
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01643-00358735-00359039 to accrete further on so it's basically
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01644-00359040-00359334 uh frozen in an earlier state right when
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01645-00359335-00359471 you when you strip of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01646-00359472-00359799 the host galaxy so these objects in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01647-00359800-00360015 ultra compact dwarf galaxies are some of
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01648-00360016-00360319 the best examples to look for really
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01649-00360320-00360623 seed type black holes because you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01650-00360624-00360839 freeze them in a state before they can
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01651-00360840-00360999 grow larger
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01652-00361000-00361263 and so they can help us to constrain the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01653-00361264-00361471 seed mass population of black holes in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01654-00361472-00361630 the universe which is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01655-00361631-00361823 which is really an exciting topic to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01656-00361824-00362127 follow up and they may be quite common
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01657-00362128-00362534 and they may um extend or enlarge
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01658-00362535-00362782 the known black hole population in the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01659-00362783-00362871 in the local
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01660-00362872-00363110 universe by quite a bit actually because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01661-00363111-00363191 these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01662-00363192-00363430 murders are actually quite common in in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01663-00363431-00363591 those galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01664-00363592-00363863 i may have not answered the particular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01665-00363864-00364063 question but i hope i've given you a bit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01666-00364064-00364119 more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01667-00364120-00364487 background yeah thank you very much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01668-00364488-00364910 thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01669-00364911-00365782 next question i will ask mine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01670-00365783-00366175 so um this of course raises the very old
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01671-00366176-00366358 problem of how do you get the mass to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01672-00366359-00366551 the center this is an old agn
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01673-00366552-00366830 problem uh so typically was found with
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01674-00366831-00366895 bart
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01675-00366896-00367078 galaxies and and you see that these
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01676-00367079-00367278 things really start
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01677-00367279-00367423 okay basically you have to limit
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01678-00367424-00367703 ourselves to late type galaxies now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01679-00367704-00367815 because they're not globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01680-00367816-00367982 cluster-like and where you have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01681-00367983-00368167 higher metallicities and more formation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01682-00368168-00368471 so um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01683-00368472-00368654 where does the mass come from do you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01684-00368655-00368895 have okay and the the samples are always
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01685-00368896-00369119 extremely small so the question is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01686-00369120-00369303 if you just limit yourself to late type
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01687-00369304-00369454 galaxies can you see anything that you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01688-00369455-00369510 need
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01689-00369511-00369863 that bars play a role or have you hire
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01690-00369864-00370103 fractions of bulges that may point
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01691-00370104-00370239 towards mergers
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01692-00370240-00370423 or can it just be the stellar wind
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01693-00370424-00370639 material from the center of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01694-00370640-00370863 that condenses in the middle
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01695-00370864-00371087 yeah very good question a very vague
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01696-00371088-00371247 question but of course it's interesting
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01697-00371248-00371495 where where the stuff comes from
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01698-00371496-00371671 you mean the stuff to build the nuclear
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01699-00371672-00371830 cluster yes yeah
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01700-00371831-00371958 generation i mean you have globular
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01701-00371959-00372239 clustering and and then
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01702-00372240-00372423 and where to get the mass from them how
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01703-00372424-00372639 does the mass reach the center
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01704-00372640-00372951 yeah this problem from atn also i i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01705-00372952-00373030 fully um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01706-00373031-00373182 yeah i understand and and this is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01707-00373183-00373382 something we try to explore right now
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01708-00373383-00373758 um with a phd student alina booker that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01709-00373759-00373799 you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01710-00373800-00374071 also saw on the last slide she's um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01711-00374072-00374358 she's analyzing um illustrious tng
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01712-00374359-00374582 simulations at the highest um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01713-00374583-00374806 resolutions 50 per second this is still
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01714-00374807-00374871 not
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01715-00374872-00375030 good enough to resolve really the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01716-00375031-00375223 nuclear star cluster but it's
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01717-00375224-00375463 the best we can do at the moment and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01718-00375464-00375687 what we are looking into is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01719-00375688-00375878 where the material comes from that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01720-00375879-00376063 builds up this the central hundred
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01721-00376064-00376278 parsec or 500 parsec
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01722-00376279-00376487 whether it's actually coming from a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01723-00376488-00376719 region further outside
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01724-00376720-00376927 or whether it's actually born there in
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01725-00376928-00377039 c2
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01726-00377040-00377287 and these simulations they do not
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01727-00377288-00377343 resolve
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01728-00377344-00377543 individual globular clusters but at
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01729-00377544-00377663 least they can you know
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01730-00377664-00377895 particle-like you know in this ant-body
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01731-00377896-00378023 simulation
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01732-00378024-00378327 and and we do see that even um
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01733-00378328-00378591 xc2 particles from from external
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01734-00378592-00378710 galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01735-00378711-00378967 they make it into the very center of a
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01736-00378968-00379063 of a galaxy
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01737-00379064-00379271 over the lifetime of you know of the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01738-00379272-00379367 universe
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01739-00379368-00379727 and so even xc2 particles can trigger
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01740-00379728-00379982 also migration of stars so we see that
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01741-00379983-00380254 that mergers or interactions of galaxies
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01742-00380255-00380591 do trigger inward migration in the disk
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01743-00380592-00380847 and also central star formation so i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01744-00380848-00381030 think it's a pretty
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01745-00381031-00381230 it's a very complex process so we
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01746-00381231-00381375 haven't actually boiled
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01747-00381376-00381630 down the results so we we understand you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01748-00381631-00381702 know there is
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01749-00381703-00381982 so much information in these simulations
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01750-00381983-00382215 but it's tricky to really distill it
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01751-00382216-00382406 what whether you can you know because
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01752-00382407-00382591 every galaxy is different
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01753-00382592-00382791 but then you you know you want to see
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01754-00382792-00382975 physical trends and and there are
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01755-00382976-00383175 very many barred galaxies and the bard
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01756-00383176-00383399 galaxies they do have
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01757-00383400-00383823 even higher um formation of the central
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01758-00383824-00384151 disk and also the the nucleus but
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01759-00384152-00384382 um yeah it's it's quite complex and i
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01760-00384383-00384551 hope we will come up with the
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01761-00384552-00384767 yeah some answers over the next couple
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01762-00384768-00385310 of months
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01763-00385311-00385839 further questions
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01764-00385840-00386127 nope no no i don't see any more
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01765-00386128-00386382 questions
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01766-00386383-00386647 so i will so thank you very much again
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01767-00386648-00386702 nadine
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01768-00386703-00386910 really this this has been a very very
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01769-00386911-00387127 nice talk and uh i'll give back to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01770-00387128-00387454 renee now thank you rainers thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01771-00387455-00387558 nadine for
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01772-00387559-00387863 very nice talk and
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01773-00387864-00388054 we can close the talk here thank you
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01774-00388055-00388223 again and of course
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01775-00388224-00388478 as isabel told you we are invited to
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01776-00388479-00388534 come here
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01777-00388535-00388815 to granada thank you thank you so much
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01778-00388816-00388895 for being
yYE-Yq3UL0U-01779-00388896-00389352 here today thank you