-bEYVuVxoiY-00000-00000590-00000961 you
-bEYVuVxoiY-00001-00000961-00001618 or we be heading to hospital now but
-bEYVuVxoiY-00002-00001619-00002042 this is the place hopefully they don't
-bEYVuVxoiY-00003-00002043-00003379 send us away which I can expect
-bEYVuVxoiY-00004-00003380-00004184 you pull em up okay took a bunch of no
-bEYVuVxoiY-00005-00004185-00005365 let's go okay
-bEYVuVxoiY-00006-00005366-00006552 waiting like it would wait a $10
-bEYVuVxoiY-00007-00006553-00006834 so they want to say fine as a not
-bEYVuVxoiY-00008-00006834-00007803 allowed in the hospital this is a expect
-bEYVuVxoiY-00009-00007804-00008302 again to say
-bEYVuVxoiY-00010-00008303-00009307 Parrinello not allowed
-bEYVuVxoiY-00011-00010255-00010500 many summer Sunday service and mr.
-bEYVuVxoiY-00012-00010501-00011070 digger no enter why why because she's a
-bEYVuVxoiY-00013-00011071-00011178 foreigner
-bEYVuVxoiY-00014-00011179-00012071 oh I you cannot enter but then
-bEYVuVxoiY-00015-00012072-00012993 she's pregnant we want to scan actually
-bEYVuVxoiY-00016-00012994-00014283 expected this study wire recording
-bEYVuVxoiY-00017-00014284-00014649 so what is happening here is we went to
-bEYVuVxoiY-00018-00014650-00014976 some hospital my wife is pregnant we
-bEYVuVxoiY-00019-00014977-00015399 wanted to do a study but they cannot let
-bEYVuVxoiY-00020-00015400-00015855 us see foreigners cannot be let inside
-bEYVuVxoiY-00021-00015856-00017005 the hospital
-bEYVuVxoiY-00022-00017006-00017173 yep
-bEYVuVxoiY-00023-00017174-00017411 we go
-bEYVuVxoiY-00024-00017412-00018367 miss amazing
-bEYVuVxoiY-00025-00018368-00018662 she's pregnant you don't attend to
-bEYVuVxoiY-00026-00018663-00019106 foreigners where we come from is how you
-bEYVuVxoiY-00027-00019107-00019844 have to treat us
-bEYVuVxoiY-00028-00019845-00020027 yeah you don't have anyone who speaks
-bEYVuVxoiY-00029-00020028-00020360 English it
-bEYVuVxoiY-00030-00020361-00020978 [Music]
-bEYVuVxoiY-00031-00020979-00022086 we might call police here last night
-bEYVuVxoiY-00032-00022087-00022605 you know inside
-bEYVuVxoiY-00033-00022606-00023751 I don't think it's necessary
-bEYVuVxoiY-00034-00023752-00024091 you know each other it's like no problem
-bEYVuVxoiY-00035-00024092-00024691 thank you
-bEYVuVxoiY-00036-00024692-00025282 and it's going a hospital we can imagine
-bEYVuVxoiY-00037-00025283-00025661 well ago but I cannot
-bSWnnJOGAY-00000-00000455-00000751 here's to the FTMs
-bSWnnJOGAY-00001-00000752-00001015 experience mums and mums breastfeeding
-bSWnnJOGAY-00002-00001016-00001423 twins the ones who feel deflated and
-bSWnnJOGAY-00003-00001424-00001900 ones who celebrate the wins ABF's that
-bSWnnJOGAY-00004-00001901-00002280 makes feeders the ones who pump all day
-bSWnnJOGAY-00005-00002281-00002566 the ones who give their heart and soul
-bSWnnJOGAY-00006-00002567-00003055 and bodies some would say the sleepless
-bSWnnJOGAY-00007-00003056-00003277 nights the mustard proves that evening
-bSWnnJOGAY-00008-00003278-00003661 cluster feeding the ones who persevere
-bSWnnJOGAY-00009-00003661-00003943 through pain with nipples cracked and
-bSWnnJOGAY-00010-00003944-00004249 bleeding the mums who have their
-bSWnnJOGAY-00011-00004250-00004705 newborns concerned about their latch the
-bSWnnJOGAY-00012-00004706-00004881 fiddly ones who look around and
-bSWnnJOGAY-00013-00004882-00005281 constantly detach
-bSWnnJOGAY-00014-00005282-00005599 the nipple shields the SNS the fear of
-bSWnnJOGAY-00015-00005600-00006019 low supply the constant controversy
-bSWnnJOGAY-00016-00006020-00006255 around the topic in Todai
-bSWnnJOGAY-00017-00006256-00006420 [Music]
-bSWnnJOGAY-00018-00006422-00006736 the yearning for the future all fall the
-bSWnnJOGAY-00019-00006737-00007183 way it was tears of joy tears of pain
-bSWnnJOGAY-00020-00007184-00007711 who crying just because this woman is
-bSWnnJOGAY-00021-00007712-00008118 amazing she is strong and she has power
-bSWnnJOGAY-00022-00008119-00008416 but sometimes she has cravings of a
-bSWnnJOGAY-00023-00008417-00008950 semitone and a shower advice from every
-bSWnnJOGAY-00024-00008951-00009424 corner it's confusing often untrue but
-bSWnnJOGAY-00025-00009425-00009679 still she forges forward because it's
-bSWnnJOGAY-00026-00009680-00010090 what she wants to do it's not about the
-bSWnnJOGAY-00027-00010091-00010555 goodness although there is no doubt it's
-bSWnnJOGAY-00028-00010556-00010801 not about the struggle no this ain't
-bSWnnJOGAY-00029-00010802-00010938 what that's about
-bSWnnJOGAY-00030-00010939-00011054 [Music]
-bSWnnJOGAY-00031-00011055-00011325 it's the feeling from that little person
-bSWnnJOGAY-00032-00011326-00011799 the innocence and that smile a sense of
-bSWnnJOGAY-00033-00011800-00012057 love and knowingness that makes it all
-bSWnnJOGAY-00034-00012058-00012378 worthwhile
-bSWnnJOGAY-00035-00012379-00012603 we honor moms who find it hard to
-bSWnnJOGAY-00036-00012604-00012885 breastfeed there alone
-bSWnnJOGAY-00037-00012886-00013177 we honor moms who did their best but had
-bSWnnJOGAY-00038-00013178-00013654 to let it go we honor moms we seem to
-bSWnnJOGAY-00039-00013655-00014028 breastfeed without a single care and
-bSWnnJOGAY-00040-00014029-00014371 most of all we honor breastfeeding
-bSWnnJOGAY-00041-00014372-00014597 mothers everywhere
-bSWnnJOGAY-00042-00014597-00015353 [Music]
-bSWnnJOGAY-00043-00015354-00015380 you
-bSWnnJOGAY-00044-00015381-00015846 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00000-00000092-00000288 zombie apocalypse
-cOxvpxCjho-00001-00000289-00001355 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00002-00001356-00002705 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00003-00002706-00003076 when you feel it's hopeless when you
-cOxvpxCjho-00004-00003077-00003442 think that you're lost
-cOxvpxCjho-00005-00003443-00006158 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00006-00006159-00007919 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00007-00007920-00009396 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00008-00009397-00009755 we Rise Up from the dust and clean my
-cOxvpxCjho-00009-00009756-00009990 throat
-cOxvpxCjho-00010-00009991-00010524 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00011-00010525-00010967 oh we all have our burdens yeah but we
-cOxvpxCjho-00012-00010968-00011164 just keep on fighting now we never look
-cOxvpxCjho-00013-00011165-00011567 back here we go everybody
-cOxvpxCjho-00015-00014931-00015319 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00016-00015319-00015577 thank you
-cOxvpxCjho-00017-00015578-00015944 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00018-00015946-00016202 [Applause]
-cOxvpxCjho-00019-00016203-00016832 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00020-00016833-00017088 [Applause]
-cOxvpxCjho-00021-00017089-00017641 [Music]
-cOxvpxCjho-00022-00017642-00017942 thank you
-dzvsPSOPyA-00000-00000053-00000331 traffic engineering as a branch of civil
-dzvsPSOPyA-00001-00000332-00000532 engineering that uses engineering
-dzvsPSOPyA-00002-00000533-00000724 techniques to achieve the safe and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00003-00000725-00000900 efficient movement of people and goods
-dzvsPSOPyA-00004-00000901-00001219 on roadways it focuses mainly on
-dzvsPSOPyA-00005-00001220-00001453 research for safe and efficient traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00006-00001454-00001785 flow such as road geometry sidewalks and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00007-00001786-00001996 crosswalks cycling infrastructure
-dzvsPSOPyA-00008-00001997-00002292 traffic signs road surface markings and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00009-00002293-00002614 traffic lights traffic engineering deals
-dzvsPSOPyA-00010-00002615-00002755 with the functional part of
-dzvsPSOPyA-00011-00002756-00002974 transportation system except the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00012-00002975-00003279 infrastructures provided traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00013-00003280-00003513 engineering is closely associated with
-dzvsPSOPyA-00014-00003514-00003929 other disciplines transport engineering
-dzvsPSOPyA-00015-00003930-00004267 pavement engineering bicycle
-dzvsPSOPyA-00016-00004268-00004572 transportation engineering highway
-dzvsPSOPyA-00017-00004573-00005000 engineering transportation planning
-dzvsPSOPyA-00018-00005001-00005354 urban planning human factors engineering
-dzvsPSOPyA-00019-00005355-00005609 typical traffic engineering projects
-dzvsPSOPyA-00020-00005610-00005854 involve designing traffic control device
-dzvsPSOPyA-00021-00005855-00006047 installations and modifications
-dzvsPSOPyA-00022-00006048-00006311 including traffic signals signs and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00023-00006312-00006595 pavement markings examples of
-dzvsPSOPyA-00024-00006597-00006794 engineering plans include pol
-dzvsPSOPyA-00025-00006795-00007021 engineering analysis and stormwater
-dzvsPSOPyA-00026-00007022-00007435 prevention programs SW PP however
-dzvsPSOPyA-00027-00007436-00007733 traffic engineers also consider traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00028-00007734-00007988 safety by investigating locations with
-dzvsPSOPyA-00029-00007989-00008164 high crash rates and developing
-dzvsPSOPyA-00030-00008165-00008398 countermeasures to reduce crashes
-dzvsPSOPyA-00031-00008399-00008624 traffic flow management can be
-dzvsPSOPyA-00032-00008625-00008840 short-term preparing construction
-dzvsPSOPyA-00033-00008841-00009101 traffic control plans including detour
-dzvsPSOPyA-00034-00009102-00009284 plans for pedestrian and vehicular
-dzvsPSOPyA-00035-00009285-00009545 traffic or long-term estimating the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00036-00009546-00009731 impacts of proposed commercial
-dzvsPSOPyA-00037-00009732-00009949 residential developments on traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00038-00009950-00010295 patterns increasingly traffic problems
-dzvsPSOPyA-00039-00010296-00010471 are being addressed by developing
-dzvsPSOPyA-00040-00010472-00010673 systems for intelligent transportation
-dzvsPSOPyA-00041-00010674-00010943 systems often in conjunction with other
-dzvsPSOPyA-00042-00010944-00011163 engineering disciplines such as computer
-dzvsPSOPyA-00043-00011164-00011932 engineering and electrical engineering
-dzvsPSOPyA-00044-00011933-00012526 topic traffic systems
-dzvsPSOPyA-00045-00012527-00012758 traditionally road improvements have
-dzvsPSOPyA-00046-00012759-00012977 consisted mainly of building additional
-dzvsPSOPyA-00047-00012978-00013085 infrastructure
-dzvsPSOPyA-00048-00013086-00013358 however dynamic elements are now being
-dzvsPSOPyA-00049-00013359-00013644 introduced into road traffic management
-dzvsPSOPyA-00050-00013645-00013931 dynamic elements have long been used in
-dzvsPSOPyA-00051-00013932-00014051 rail transport
-dzvsPSOPyA-00052-00014052-00014294 these include sensors to measure traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00053-00014294-00014534 flows and automatic interconnected
-dzvsPSOPyA-00054-00014535-00014788 guidance systems to manage traffic for
-dzvsPSOPyA-00055-00014790-00015041 example traffic signs which open a lane
-dzvsPSOPyA-00056-00015041-00015272 in different directions depending on the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00057-00015272-00015611 time of day also traffic flow and speed
-dzvsPSOPyA-00058-00015612-00015878 sensors are used to detect problems and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00059-00015879-00016097 alert operators so that the cause of the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00060-00016097-00016271 congestion can be determined and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00061-00016272-00016525 measures can be taken to minimize delays
-dzvsPSOPyA-00062-00016526-00016777 these systems are collectively called
-dzvsPSOPyA-00063-00016778-00017485 intelligent transportation systems
-dzvsPSOPyA-00064-00017486-00018064 topic lane flow equation
-dzvsPSOPyA-00065-00018065-00018352 the relationship between lane flow q
-dzvsPSOPyA-00066-00018353-00018680 vehicles per hour space mean speed V
-dzvsPSOPyA-00067-00018681-00019014 km/h and density K vehicles per
-dzvsPSOPyA-00068-00019015-00019349 kilometer is Q
-dzvsPSOPyA-00069-00019350-00020164 equals K V display style Q equals K V
-dzvsPSOPyA-00070-00020165-00020425 observation on limited access facilities
-dzvsPSOPyA-00071-00020426-00020738 suggests that up to a maximum flow speed
-dzvsPSOPyA-00072-00020739-00021013 does not decline while density increases
-dzvsPSOPyA-00073-00021014-00021263 however above a critical threshold
-dzvsPSOPyA-00074-00021264-00021536 increased density reduces speed
-dzvsPSOPyA-00075-00021537-00021794 additionally beyond a further threshold
-dzvsPSOPyA-00076-00021795-00022135 increased density reduces flow as well
-dzvsPSOPyA-00077-00022136-00022412 therefore speeds and lane flows at
-dzvsPSOPyA-00078-00022413-00022640 bottlenecks can be kept high during peak
-dzvsPSOPyA-00079-00022641-00022853 periods by managing traffic density
-dzvsPSOPyA-00080-00022854-00023102 using devices that limit the rate at
-dzvsPSOPyA-00081-00023103-00023314 which vehicles can enter the highway
-dzvsPSOPyA-00082-00023315-00023651 ramp meters signals on entrance ramps
-dzvsPSOPyA-00083-00023652-00023867 that control the rate at which vehicles
-dzvsPSOPyA-00084-00023868-00024022 are allowed to enter the mainline
-dzvsPSOPyA-00085-00024023-00024266 facility provide this function at the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00086-00024267-00024464 expense of increased delay for those
-dzvsPSOPyA-00087-00024465-00025088 waiting at the ramps
-dzvsPSOPyA-00088-00025089-00025650 topic highway safety
-dzvsPSOPyA-00089-00025651-00025914 highway safety engineering as a branch
-dzvsPSOPyA-00090-00025916-00026130 of traffic engineering that deals with
-dzvsPSOPyA-00091-00026131-00026370 reducing the frequency and severity of
-dzvsPSOPyA-00092-00026372-00026701 crashes it uses physics and vehicle
-dzvsPSOPyA-00093-00026702-00026908 dynamics as well as road users
-dzvsPSOPyA-00094-00026908-00027157 psychology and human factors engineering
-dzvsPSOPyA-00095-00027158-00027408 to reduce the influence of factors that
-dzvsPSOPyA-00096-00027409-00027720 contribute to crashes a well drafted
-dzvsPSOPyA-00097-00027722-00028065 traffic control plan TCP is critical to
-dzvsPSOPyA-00098-00028066-00028320 any job involving roadway work a
-dzvsPSOPyA-00099-00028320-00028624 properly prepared TCP will specify
-dzvsPSOPyA-00100-00028625-00028879 equipment signage placement and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00101-00028880-00029115 personnel a typical traffic safety
-dzvsPSOPyA-00102-00029116-00029532 investigation follows these steps one
-dzvsPSOPyA-00103-00029533-00029839 identify and prioritize investigation
-dzvsPSOPyA-00104-00029839-00030127 locations locations are selected by
-dzvsPSOPyA-00105-00030127-00030312 looking for sites with higher than
-dzvsPSOPyA-00106-00030313-00030508 average crash rates and to address
-dzvsPSOPyA-00107-00030508-00030798 citizen complaints point to gather data
-dzvsPSOPyA-00108-00030799-00031105 this includes obtaining police reports
-dzvsPSOPyA-00109-00031106-00031368 of crashes observing road user behavior
-dzvsPSOPyA-00110-00031369-00031567 and collecting information on traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00111-00031568-00031843 signs road surface markings traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00112-00031844-00032106 lights and road geometry point three
-dzvsPSOPyA-00113-00032107-00032389 analyze data look for collisions
-dzvsPSOPyA-00114-00032389-00032617 patterns or road conditions that may be
-dzvsPSOPyA-00115-00032618-00032895 contributing to the problem point four
-dzvsPSOPyA-00116-00032896-00033139 identify possible countermeasures to
-dzvsPSOPyA-00117-00033140-00033385 reduce the severity or frequency of
-dzvsPSOPyA-00118-00033386-00033542 crashes
-dzvsPSOPyA-00119-00033543-00033830 evaluate cost-benefit ratios of the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00120-00033831-00034165 alternatives consider whether a proposed
-dzvsPSOPyA-00121-00034166-00034376 improvement will solve the problem or
-dzvsPSOPyA-00122-00034377-00034742 cause crash migration for example
-dzvsPSOPyA-00123-00034743-00034924 preventing left turns at one
-dzvsPSOPyA-00124-00034925-00035152 intersection may eliminate left turn
-dzvsPSOPyA-00125-00035153-00035381 crashes at that location only to
-dzvsPSOPyA-00126-00035382-00035677 increase them a block away are any
-dzvsPSOPyA-00127-00035678-00035918 disadvantages of proposed improvements
-dzvsPSOPyA-00128-00035919-00036131 likely to be worse than the problem you
-dzvsPSOPyA-00129-00036132-00036421 are trying to solve five implement
-dzvsPSOPyA-00130-00036422-00036739 improvements point six evaluate results
-dzvsPSOPyA-00131-00036740-00037021 usually this occurs sometime after the
-dzvsPSOPyA-00132-00037022-00037268 implementation have the severity and
-dzvsPSOPyA-00133-00037269-00037529 frequency of crashes been reduced to an
-dzvsPSOPyA-00134-00037530-00037859 acceptable level if not return to step
-dzvsPSOPyA-00135-00037860-00038368 two
-dzvsPSOPyA-00136-00038369-00038905 topic see also
-dzvsPSOPyA-00137-00038906-00039151 back in angle parking
-dzvsPSOPyA-00138-00039152-00039555 bus lane bus priority bus rapid-transit
-dzvsPSOPyA-00139-00039556-00040195 gridlock hierarchy of roads its Kerner's
-dzvsPSOPyA-00140-00040196-00040518 breakdown minimization principle
-dzvsPSOPyA-00141-00040519-00040980 microsimulation queuing theory road
-dzvsPSOPyA-00142-00040981-00041458 safety audit road traffic control road
-dzvsPSOPyA-00143-00041459-00041914 traffic safety route assignment signal
-dzvsPSOPyA-00144-00041915-00042385 timing solomon curve three-phase traffic
-dzvsPSOPyA-00145-00042386-00042768 theory traffic congestion traffic flow
-dzvsPSOPyA-00146-00042769-00043124 traffic signals traffic congestion
-dzvsPSOPyA-00147-00043125-00043320 reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase
-dzvsPSOPyA-00148-00043321-00043621 theory
-fmGlMSeUAo-00000-00000011-00000016 [Music]
-fmGlMSeUAo-00001-00000017-00000196 can you imagine what would happen if the
-fmGlMSeUAo-00002-00000197-00000359 government could track everything you
-fmGlMSeUAo-00003-00000360-00000740 bought Jesus Christ
-fxWYJP3q1g-00000-00000017-00000098 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00001-00000099-00001418 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00002-00001419-00002968 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00003-00002969-00003131 thank you
-fxWYJP3q1g-00004-00003132-00004063 baby
-fxWYJP3q1g-00005-00004064-00004445 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00006-00004446-00005749 baby
-fxWYJP3q1g-00007-00005750-00006286 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00008-00006287-00007238 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00009-00007239-00008379 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00011-00012288-00013113 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00012-00013115-00015256 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00013-00015257-00015599 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00014-00015600-00015752 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00015-00015753-00018635 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00016-00018636-00019522 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00018-00022529-00023272 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00019-00023273-00024211 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00021-00027294-00029363 foreign
-fxWYJP3q1g-00022-00029364-00030817 [Music]
-fxWYJP3q1g-00023-00030818-00031136 what happened
-geUGIlBz2u-00000-00000027-00001024 [Music]
-geUGIlBz2u-00001-00001025-00001232 what is good everybody welcome to an
-geUGIlBz2u-00002-00001233-00001429 epic ma a.m. toys video today we are
-geUGIlBz2u-00003-00001430-00001651 taking a look at some new BB we elite
-geUGIlBz2u-00004-00001652-00001882 action figures guys from Mattel we have
-geUGIlBz2u-00005-00001884-00002209 the double W II WrestleMania 36 elites
-geUGIlBz2u-00006-00002210-00002423 in the house of course these will be
-geUGIlBz2u-00007-00002424-00002666 hitting retail pretty soon I would
-geUGIlBz2u-00008-00002667-00002833 imagine that would be hitting retail
-geUGIlBz2u-00009-00002834-00003095 here in the next couple months or so of
-geUGIlBz2u-00010-00003096-00003251 course ringside collectibles gets them
-geUGIlBz2u-00011-00003252-00003436 early and then they roll into stores a
-geUGIlBz2u-00012-00003438-00003595 couple months later you know building up
-geUGIlBz2u-00013-00003596-00003761 the height for Wrestlemania and this
-geUGIlBz2u-00014-00003761-00003959 year it is WrestleMania 36 taking place
-geUGIlBz2u-00015-00003960-00004175 in Tampa Florida and I think I'm gonna
-geUGIlBz2u-00016-00004176-00004313 go guys are you gonna go to Wrestlemania
-geUGIlBz2u-00017-00004314-00004454 let me know down in the comments section
-geUGIlBz2u-00018-00004455-00004622 below maybe we can meet up I would love
-geUGIlBz2u-00019-00004623-00004793 to meet some fans guys I think I've only
-geUGIlBz2u-00020-00004794-00005020 met like two fans ever and I would love
-geUGIlBz2u-00021-00005021-00005192 to meet some of you people so please
-geUGIlBz2u-00022-00005193-00005354 like it freakin if you're going to
-geUGIlBz2u-00023-00005355-00005516 Wrestlemania hit me up down below you
-geUGIlBz2u-00024-00005517-00005660 know convinced me to Pipe tickets to
-geUGIlBz2u-00025-00005661-00005843 Wrestlemania the wife is always in on it
-geUGIlBz2u-00026-00005844-00006013 we would love to go to Wrestlemania and
-geUGIlBz2u-00027-00006014-00006233 just hit me down in the comment section
-geUGIlBz2u-00028-00006234-00006379 but today guys I'm very hyped for this
-geUGIlBz2u-00029-00006380-00006500 set you know when they first revealed
-geUGIlBz2u-00030-00006501-00006703 these images I was very excited for them
-geUGIlBz2u-00031-00006704-00006910 we got four great figures from for epic
-geUGIlBz2u-00032-00006911-00007156 matches slash moments at WrestleMania so
-geUGIlBz2u-00033-00007158-00007319 I am excited for it I think they did a
-geUGIlBz2u-00034-00007320-00007471 really good job this year picking out
-geUGIlBz2u-00035-00007472-00007709 the elites I think this year and last
-geUGIlBz2u-00036-00007709-00007873 year are the only two years that the pad
-geUGIlBz2u-00037-00007875-00008045 for elites usually they'd have to right
-geUGIlBz2u-00038-00008045-00008237 I know that WrestleMania 33 definitely
-geUGIlBz2u-00039-00008238-00008552 have like Triple H and HBK then 34 we
-geUGIlBz2u-00040-00008553-00008749 had Kevin Owens and Randy Orton and then
-geUGIlBz2u-00041-00008750-00009038 35 we had taker Scott Hall Sasha banks
-geUGIlBz2u-00042-00009039-00009278 and Triple H and now this year we have
-geUGIlBz2u-00043-00009279-00009481 Booker T Kofi Mick Foley and Matt Hardy
-geUGIlBz2u-00044-00009482-00009631 but anyways guys what we're gonna do for
-geUGIlBz2u-00045-00009632-00009721 this one is I'm gonna be our normal
-geUGIlBz2u-00046-00009722-00009874 review we're actually going to crack all
-geUGIlBz2u-00047-00009875-00009967 four of them out of their packaging
-geUGIlBz2u-00048-00009968-00010153 taking a look at everything and not only
-geUGIlBz2u-00049-00010154-00010355 that guys we do have a bill to figure in
-geUGIlBz2u-00050-00010356-00010478 this set the Builder figures have
-geUGIlBz2u-00051-00010479-00010688 returned here with our build a figure
-geUGIlBz2u-00052-00010689-00010934 dangerous danny davis referee figure
-geUGIlBz2u-00053-00010935-00011149 which I'm very excited for and we're
-geUGIlBz2u-00054-00011150-00011278 gonna build him up we're gonna take a
-geUGIlBz2u-00055-00011279-00011477 review of all the quick figures you know
-geUGIlBz2u-00056-00011478-00011669 we're gonna do a not as it probably not
-geUGIlBz2u-00057-00011670-00011849 as an in-depth look as we do on the
-geUGIlBz2u-00058-00011850-00011987 other reviews but we're gonna take a
-geUGIlBz2u-00059-00011988-00012145 review of them look at the accessories
-geUGIlBz2u-00060-00012146-00012341 they come with build up Danny Davis take
-geUGIlBz2u-00061-00012342-00012485 a closer look at him and just get
-geUGIlBz2u-00062-00012486-00012646 everything started before we get into it
-geUGIlBz2u-00063-00012647-00012773 I do want to give a huge shout out to
-geUGIlBz2u-00064-00012774-00012899 ringside collectibles for making this
-geUGIlBz2u-00065-00012900-00013030 review possible and sending these
-geUGIlBz2u-00066-00013031-00013208 figures our way if you'd like to pick up
-geUGIlBz2u-00067-00013209-00013276 any of these things
-geUGIlBz2u-00068-00013277-00013384 guys go over to ringside collectibles
-geUGIlBz2u-00069-00013385-00013594 use the promo code MD towards the save
-geUGIlBz2u-00070-00013594-00013822 10% and get in on it guys but let's go
-geUGIlBz2u-00071-00013822-00013944 ahead and take a little quick shot of
-geUGIlBz2u-00072-00013946-00014137 all of them in their packaging you do
-geUGIlBz2u-00073-00014138-00014359 have the WrestleMania 36 logo here build
-geUGIlBz2u-00074-00014360-00014572 a referee figure Danny Davis right there
-geUGIlBz2u-00075-00014572-00014743 Kofi Kingston on the bottom I love this
-geUGIlBz2u-00076-00014744-00014926 packaging I think it looks fantastic I'm
-geUGIlBz2u-00077-00014927-00015094 not a temp of a Buccaneers fan but if
-geUGIlBz2u-00078-00015094-00015222 you're a Buccaneers fan I think you'll
-geUGIlBz2u-00079-00015224-00015400 like it even more with that Buccaneer
-geUGIlBz2u-00080-00015401-00015661 style logo obviously Tampa is the home
-geUGIlBz2u-00081-00015662-00015841 of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the
-geUGIlBz2u-00082-00015841-00016038 WrestleMania 36 will be taking place in
-geUGIlBz2u-00083-00016040-00016194 their home stadium I'm sure they have
-geUGIlBz2u-00084-00016196-00016354 the Pirates ship and all that stuff in
-geUGIlBz2u-00085-00016355-00016519 there so that probably makes a lot of
-geUGIlBz2u-00086-00016520-00016660 sense that the logo would look like the
-geUGIlBz2u-00087-00016661-00016846 Buccaneers spinning it around we've seen
-geUGIlBz2u-00088-00016847-00017008 the image on the back you get a great
-geUGIlBz2u-00089-00017009-00017137 little read up if you'd like to read it
-geUGIlBz2u-00090-00017138-00017317 you can pause it now you have cofee
-geUGIlBz2u-00091-00017318-00017473 picture of Kofi the rest of the figures
-geUGIlBz2u-00092-00017474-00017635 in the wave another image of Kofi from
-geUGIlBz2u-00093-00017636-00017875 mania 35 nice black stripe going on
-geUGIlBz2u-00094-00017876-00018055 there and if you guys just want to do a
-geUGIlBz2u-00095-00018056-00018268 quick little recall of all that all the
-geUGIlBz2u-00096-00018269-00018427 packaging right there and then we have
-geUGIlBz2u-00097-00018428-00018616 Mick Foley which is probably probably
-geUGIlBz2u-00098-00018617-00018760 one of the most interesting figures in
-geUGIlBz2u-00099-00018761-00018919 the set which is hilarious which we'll
-geUGIlBz2u-00100-00018920-00019099 get into and then you have Matt Hardy
-geUGIlBz2u-00101-00019100-00019330 and at the end I guess I can give you
-geUGIlBz2u-00102-00019331-00019495 guys my personal favorite from the set
-geUGIlBz2u-00103-00019496-00019669 but with that being said guys let's go
-geUGIlBz2u-00104-00019670-00019810 ahead and crack all four of these hoes
-geUGIlBz2u-00105-00019811-00020122 out of their packaging so here are all
-geUGIlBz2u-00106-00020123-00020350 four WrestleMania 36 elites out of their
-geUGIlBz2u-00107-00020351-00020530 packaging guys and I have to say after
-geUGIlBz2u-00108-00020531-00020698 reviewing all of them you guys know when
-geUGIlBz2u-00109-00020699-00020833 I take them out of the packaging I pose
-geUGIlBz2u-00110-00020834-00020980 them around play with them a little bit
-geUGIlBz2u-00111-00020981-00021229 get them going I think I love every
-geUGIlBz2u-00112-00021230-00021379 figure in this set I think that it's a
-geUGIlBz2u-00113-00021380-00021604 very strong set and I think that if you
-geUGIlBz2u-00114-00021605-00021829 are one that is a completionist you like
-geUGIlBz2u-00115-00021830-00022000 to collect full sets then this is a
-geUGIlBz2u-00116-00022001-00022168 fantastic set for you I think that this
-geUGIlBz2u-00117-00022169-00022435 is really a roundabout just really good
-geUGIlBz2u-00118-00022436-00022657 set and I am excited for all of them and
-geUGIlBz2u-00119-00022658-00022861 there are some gripes of course we're
-geUGIlBz2u-00120-00022862-00023047 gonna get into all of those things but
-geUGIlBz2u-00121-00023048-00023212 for the most part guys this is a really
-geUGIlBz2u-00122-00023213-00023347 strong set we're gonna get into all of
-geUGIlBz2u-00123-00023348-00023560 it before we get started I do want to
-geUGIlBz2u-00124-00023561-00023743 why don't I say dude forget it we're
-geUGIlBz2u-00125-00023744-00023944 adding dude to the vocabulary before we
-geUGIlBz2u-00126-00023945-00024178 get started dude we're gonna say we're
-geUGIlBz2u-00127-00024179-00024316 gonna say what bill to figure parts come
-geUGIlBz2u-00128-00024317-00024463 with what so the head comes with Matt
-geUGIlBz2u-00129-00024464-00024667 Hardy the torso comes with Nick Foley
-geUGIlBz2u-00130-00024668-00024925 the legs and arms both come with Booker
-geUGIlBz2u-00131-00024926-00025141 T and the interchangeable hands the the
-geUGIlBz2u-00132-00025142-00025366 pin hands come with Kofi Kingston and I
-geUGIlBz2u-00133-00025367-00025602 will say I guess because we have so many
-geUGIlBz2u-00134-00025604-00025789 Co V figures and we have so many double
-geUGIlBz2u-00135-00025789-00025957 W E championships unless you just really
-geUGIlBz2u-00136-00025958-00026164 want a moment that captures one Co p1 or
-geUGIlBz2u-00137-00026164-00026344 you want this pink and you know bronze
-geUGIlBz2u-00138-00026345-00026579 ish attire and you know it's certain
-geUGIlBz2u-00139-00026580-00026770 I would say that the other three figures
-geUGIlBz2u-00140-00026772-00027011 in the waiver a must if you want to
-geUGIlBz2u-00141-00027012-00027127 build the referee but you don't
-geUGIlBz2u-00142-00027128-00027326 necessarily have to have Kofi to
-geUGIlBz2u-00143-00027327-00027499 complete your build a figure so if you
-geUGIlBz2u-00144-00027500-00027629 want to just buy these three to complete
-geUGIlBz2u-00145-00027630-00027752 your referee you could do that but I
-geUGIlBz2u-00146-00027752-00027895 love the Kofi so I would recommend
-geUGIlBz2u-00147-00027897-00028058 getting it as well anyway ladies and
-geUGIlBz2u-00148-00028058-00028205 gentlemen you guys just want to go ahead
-geUGIlBz2u-00149-00028206-00028345 and build our referee figure let's go
-geUGIlBz2u-00150-00028347-00028477 ahead and just build it up so we take
-geUGIlBz2u-00151-00028478-00028652 our legs from Booker T we're gonna take
-geUGIlBz2u-00152-00028652-00028826 our torso from Mick Foley we're gonna
-geUGIlBz2u-00153-00028827-00029024 snap this together like so just gonna
-geUGIlBz2u-00154-00029025-00029186 push this together and it's not one to
-geUGIlBz2u-00155-00029187-00029374 go together so that's upsetting want the
-geUGIlBz2u-00156-00029375-00029549 blue halo do you have to line that up I
-geUGIlBz2u-00157-00029550-00029780 guess you have to line that up there go
-geUGIlBz2u-00158-00029781-00029936 so you have to line that up and then
-geUGIlBz2u-00159-00029937-00030035 it'll snap together
-geUGIlBz2u-00160-00030036-00030262 waste is kind of loosey-goosey not gonna
-geUGIlBz2u-00161-00030263-00030433 lie to you it's not you know the worst
-geUGIlBz2u-00162-00030434-00030637 thing in the world yeah I mean it's it's
-geUGIlBz2u-00163-00030638-00030787 not as tight as I would like it but it's
-geUGIlBz2u-00164-00030788-00030995 not terrible coming over to the left arm
-geUGIlBz2u-00165-00030995-00031177 pushing that in there you go
-geUGIlBz2u-00166-00031178-00031352 shoulders are a bit you know they're
-geUGIlBz2u-00167-00031352-00031474 pretty good there I guess it's cuz he's
-geUGIlBz2u-00168-00031475-00031615 wearing sleeves so I guess that makes
-geUGIlBz2u-00169-00031616-00031652 sense
-geUGIlBz2u-00170-00031652-00031852 got a little bunch up right there go to
-geUGIlBz2u-00171-00031853-00032105 the right arm plug that in got that all
-geUGIlBz2u-00172-00032106-00032318 in I think you know in years past the
-geUGIlBz2u-00173-00032319-00032474 referee figures or not the referee
-geUGIlBz2u-00174-00032475-00032576 figures but the Builder figures have
-geUGIlBz2u-00175-00032577-00032743 been kind of loosey-goosey so it's nice
-geUGIlBz2u-00176-00032744-00032945 to see that the arms and stuff are
-geUGIlBz2u-00177-00032946-00033101 staying in without you know much effort
-geUGIlBz2u-00178-00033102-00033271 to pull there and then of course we have
-geUGIlBz2u-00179-00033272-00033421 our head sculpt for Danny Davis and
-geUGIlBz2u-00180-00033422-00033635 we're just gonna pop this on and there
-geUGIlBz2u-00181-00033636-00033839 we go so now we have our build a figure
-geUGIlBz2u-00182-00033840-00034142 referee Danny Davis and that looks
-geUGIlBz2u-00183-00034143-00034289 pretty good now one thing I will say is
-geUGIlBz2u-00184-00034290-00034546 that I remember like years ago and you
-geUGIlBz2u-00185-00034547-00034679 know everything we've been begging for
-geUGIlBz2u-00186-00034680-00034832 Mattel to give us a referee figure
-geUGIlBz2u-00187-00034833-00034970 instead of just the cloth t-shirt and
-geUGIlBz2u-00188-00034971-00035255 pants and I think this is cool and a
-geUGIlBz2u-00189-00035256-00035411 step in the right direction but I don't
-geUGIlBz2u-00190-00035412-00035504 know why they wouldn't give us like a
-geUGIlBz2u-00191-00035505-00035729 Mike Keota or a little nature or
-geUGIlBz2u-00192-00035730-00035905 something like that with the regular
-geUGIlBz2u-00193-00035906-00036058 referee t-shirt and make it a build a
-geUGIlBz2u-00194-00036059-00036224 figure like this before we got Danny
-geUGIlBz2u-00195-00036225-00036401 Davis I mean still a cool figure it's
-geUGIlBz2u-00196-00036402-00036587 pretty sick I do enjoy this and I
-geUGIlBz2u-00197-00036588-00036724 actually thought of a big hack you can
-geUGIlBz2u-00198-00036725-00036865 do to make somebody in a suit and bowtie
-geUGIlBz2u-00199-00036866-00037030 however I think I would have liked to
-geUGIlBz2u-00200-00037031-00037226 seen little nature or Mike Keota or
-geUGIlBz2u-00201-00037227-00037405 another veteran referee before we got
-geUGIlBz2u-00202-00037406-00037546 Danny Davis but it's still pretty cool
-geUGIlBz2u-00203-00037547-00037762 but you see his waist is pretty pretty
-geUGIlBz2u-00204-00037763-00037901 loose but there is a way to fix this
-geUGIlBz2u-00205-00037902-00038093 what you'll do to fix this is you pop
-geUGIlBz2u-00206-00038094-00038261 this off you separate them at the torso
-geUGIlBz2u-00207-00038262-00038395 and pants and then you'll put some Mod
-geUGIlBz2u-00208-00038396-00038627 Podge over that peg and then you'll let
-geUGIlBz2u-00209-00038628-00038855 that dry and then reconnect it it'll be
-geUGIlBz2u-00210-00038856-00039023 a lot more tight and that is something
-geUGIlBz2u-00211-00039024-00039139 we've done on figure surgery before I
-geUGIlBz2u-00212-00039140-00039257 think it's the one where we've made the
-geUGIlBz2u-00213-00039258-00039508 Seth Rollins in the in the black suit
-geUGIlBz2u-00214-00039509-00039650 where he won the Slammys I think it's
-geUGIlBz2u-00215-00039651-00039818 episode five of extra figure surgery if
-geUGIlBz2u-00216-00039819-00039860 you guys
-geUGIlBz2u-00217-00039861-00039998 know what that's like go watch that
-geUGIlBz2u-00218-00039999-00040145 episode but there's our danny davis
-geUGIlBz2u-00219-00040146-00040292 figure man looking pretty good pretty
-geUGIlBz2u-00220-00040293-00040460 good articulation you guys know he can
-geUGIlBz2u-00221-00040461-00040604 do the splits ease but now that we've
-geUGIlBz2u-00222-00040605-00040768 built up danny davis and taking a closer
-geUGIlBz2u-00223-00040769-00040889 look at him guys let's go ahead and take
-geUGIlBz2u-00224-00040890-00041042 a closer look at the rest of the figures
-geUGIlBz2u-00225-00041043-00041158 in the waves so i guess we could start
-geUGIlBz2u-00226-00041159-00041330 off with matt hardy guys and for matt
-geUGIlBz2u-00227-00041331-00041464 hardy he does come with his beautiful
-geUGIlBz2u-00228-00041465-00041627 entrance gear right here and this would
-geUGIlBz2u-00229-00041628-00041783 have been very nice four years ago and
-geUGIlBz2u-00230-00041784-00041917 we wanted to make our brother nero and
-geUGIlBz2u-00231-00041918-00042130 delete matt our broken Matt Hardy's
-geUGIlBz2u-00232-00042131-00042343 before now but you know it still works
-geUGIlBz2u-00233-00042344-00042560 on the back it does have the house Hardy
-geUGIlBz2u-00234-00042561-00042686 on the back which looks really good I
-geUGIlBz2u-00235-00042687-00042911 love the white slash cream color slash
-geUGIlBz2u-00236-00042912-00043096 gold that's going on with this it looks
-geUGIlBz2u-00237-00043097-00043249 really really strong and it's a very
-geUGIlBz2u-00238-00043250-00043426 nice soft material it's not very stiff
-geUGIlBz2u-00239-00043427-00043658 it has some plyo to it so it will move
-geUGIlBz2u-00240-00043659-00043805 when you've been the figure and stuff
-geUGIlBz2u-00241-00043806-00043990 it's not cloth but it will definitely
-geUGIlBz2u-00242-00043991-00044176 move and then we take a look at this
-geUGIlBz2u-00243-00044177-00044386 guys it's very similar to his SummerSlam
-geUGIlBz2u-00244-00044387-00044573 elite you guys know the SummerSlam with
-geUGIlBz2u-00245-00044574-00044818 the the v1 Matt Hardy that is basically
-geUGIlBz2u-00246-00044819-00044986 what this figure is except he does have
-geUGIlBz2u-00247-00044987-00045124 the gold details instead of black
-geUGIlBz2u-00248-00045125-00045301 details and they actually put all the
-geUGIlBz2u-00249-00045302-00045499 pattern all over it this time and it
-geUGIlBz2u-00250-00045500-00045670 looks good I love the gold pockets going
-geUGIlBz2u-00251-00045671-00045712 on
-geUGIlBz2u-00252-00045713-00045871 I love the interchangeable delete head
-geUGIlBz2u-00253-00045872-00046093 scan our hands I should say you know he
-geUGIlBz2u-00254-00046094-00046385 can just say delete delete delete so
-geUGIlBz2u-00255-00046386-00046552 that's very good we get a brand new Matt
-geUGIlBz2u-00256-00046553-00046711 Hardy head scope which looks pretty good
-geUGIlBz2u-00257-00046712-00046855 as well pretty happy with the way this
-geUGIlBz2u-00258-00046856-00047008 Matt Hardy head sculpt looks it's like
-geUGIlBz2u-00259-00047009-00047189 the wide-eyed not my favorite Matt Hardy
-geUGIlBz2u-00260-00047190-00047362 head sculpt I think it is the worst of
-geUGIlBz2u-00261-00047363-00047521 the three that we've seen but I still
-geUGIlBz2u-00262-00047522-00047671 like it maybe the one that's on the back
-geUGIlBz2u-00263-00047672-00047795 of the packaging down here would have
-geUGIlBz2u-00264-00047796-00047920 been better but I still like it
-geUGIlBz2u-00265-00047921-00048115 bo Dallas style torso going on as well
-geUGIlBz2u-00266-00048116-00048271 and a really strong figure overall I
-geUGIlBz2u-00267-00048272-00048470 like this one man but I also love Matt
-geUGIlBz2u-00268-00048471-00048620 Hardy so that's probably a reason why as
-geUGIlBz2u-00269-00048621-00048776 far as accessories is concerned he comes
-geUGIlBz2u-00270-00048777-00048907 with this entrance tear and then he
-geUGIlBz2u-00271-00048908-00049111 comes with delete finger pointing hands
-geUGIlBz2u-00272-00049112-00049324 and then he has his regular Mike holding
-geUGIlBz2u-00273-00049325-00049514 hands moving on to Mick Foley guys this
-geUGIlBz2u-00274-00049515-00050111 one is freaking hilarious I mean I don't
-geUGIlBz2u-00275-00050112-00050249 know what this head sculpt is guys I
-geUGIlBz2u-00276-00050250-00050429 just don't see McFaul in there maybe
-geUGIlBz2u-00277-00050430-00050611 like from an angle like that it kind of
-geUGIlBz2u-00278-00050612-00050735 looks like it but I think what they were
-geUGIlBz2u-00279-00050736-00050932 going for was the Cactus Jack head
-geUGIlBz2u-00280-00050933-00051167 sculpt from the face that he's making on
-geUGIlBz2u-00281-00051168-00051329 the t-shirt here but I just don't think
-geUGIlBz2u-00282-00051329-00051473 it works I think I'm gonna hit switch
-geUGIlBz2u-00283-00051474-00051713 this on action figure surgery with our
-geUGIlBz2u-00284-00051714-00051962 first elite captain Captain Jack you
-geUGIlBz2u-00285-00051963-00052100 know our first time you know the elite
-geUGIlBz2u-00286-00052101-00052229 48 Captain Jack Sparrow
-geUGIlBz2u-00287-00052229-00052507 the first elite 48 Cactus Jack figure I
-geUGIlBz2u-00288-00052508-00052663 think I'm gonna hit swap that start for
-geUGIlBz2u-00289-00052664-00052879 kicking the camera there but I will say
-geUGIlBz2u-00290-00052880-00053090 these sweatpants legs feel so much
-geUGIlBz2u-00291-00053091-00053129 better
-geUGIlBz2u-00292-00053129-00053329 than they did in the past like with
-geUGIlBz2u-00293-00053330-00053479 other sweat you know like Shane McMahon
-geUGIlBz2u-00294-00053480-00053684 figures and other figures we've gotten
-geUGIlBz2u-00295-00053685-00053801 with this the main kind figures and
-geUGIlBz2u-00296-00053802-00053984 stuff with these sweatpants legs these
-geUGIlBz2u-00297-00053985-00054263 feel way more sturdy and way more tight
-geUGIlBz2u-00298-00054264-00054503 than the than those in the of the past
-geUGIlBz2u-00299-00054504-00054647 and so do these ankle joints so it's
-geUGIlBz2u-00300-00054648-00054812 very nice to see that you know like the
-geUGIlBz2u-00301-00054813-00055001 John Cena's my John Cena's plummet off
-geUGIlBz2u-00302-00055002-00055253 the shelf every day so it's really good
-geUGIlBz2u-00303-00055254-00055469 to see that and it is fun to see the
-geUGIlBz2u-00304-00055470-00055670 shooter hands for Cactus Jack you guys
-geUGIlBz2u-00305-00055671-00055840 know that he does the shooter hands and
-geUGIlBz2u-00306-00055841-00056063 yeah that will come in handy for some
-geUGIlBz2u-00307-00056064-00056258 other customs down the line or any other
-geUGIlBz2u-00308-00056259-00056402 figures he does come with his flannel
-geUGIlBz2u-00309-00056403-00056530 shirt that you could take off if you
-geUGIlBz2u-00310-00056532-00056714 wanted to I'm not a big fan of all the
-geUGIlBz2u-00311-00056715-00056861 you know the rubber we got going on
-geUGIlBz2u-00312-00056862-00057062 rubber t-shirt rubber flannel but I
-geUGIlBz2u-00313-00057063-00057263 understand it is you know what it is and
-geUGIlBz2u-00314-00057264-00057458 he does come with interchangeable open
-geUGIlBz2u-00315-00057459-00057602 hands and he does come with the Danny
-geUGIlBz2u-00316-00057603-00057785 Davis tour so obviously that we already
-geUGIlBz2u-00317-00057786-00057944 covered but I think I am going to head
-geUGIlBz2u-00318-00057945-00058109 swap this I'm just not a big fan of that
-geUGIlBz2u-00319-00058110-00058283 but it is a nice figure overall so that
-geUGIlBz2u-00320-00058284-00058412 is it for the second figure of the set
-geUGIlBz2u-00321-00058413-00058601 make foe be moving for guys we have
-geUGIlBz2u-00322-00058602-00058739 probably my favorite figure in the set
-geUGIlBz2u-00323-00058740-00058940 and it is Booker T you guys know that
-geUGIlBz2u-00324-00058941-00059090 last year we had the WrestleMania 35
-geUGIlBz2u-00325-00059091-00059279 Triple H figure from their match at
-geUGIlBz2u-00326-00059279-00059444 WrestleMania 19 well this year we got
-geUGIlBz2u-00327-00059445-00059777 the figure from Mattel that is Booker T
-geUGIlBz2u-00328-00059778-00059924 from that same matchup and it is
-geUGIlBz2u-00329-00059925-00060101 beautiful I freaking love Booker T
-geUGIlBz2u-00330-00060102-00060311 around this time I remember like wanting
-geUGIlBz2u-00331-00060312-00060430 him to win the championship
-geUGIlBz2u-00332-00060432-00060659 Triple H took forever to pin this man at
-geUGIlBz2u-00333-00060660-00060863 that at that event for the title of
-geUGIlBz2u-00334-00060864-00061070 pedigreed him and he took literally like
-geUGIlBz2u-00335-00061071-00061267 28 seconds to pin him everybody thought
-geUGIlBz2u-00336-00061269-00061454 he was gonna kick out did not kick out
-geUGIlBz2u-00337-00061454-00061685 and you know the all the things in this
-geUGIlBz2u-00338-00061686-00061799 feud man had a lot of people
-geUGIlBz2u-00339-00061800-00061913 uncomfortable you'd go back and watch it
-geUGIlBz2u-00340-00061914-00062162 today really rough stuff to watch but I
-geUGIlBz2u-00341-00062163-00062321 always like the Booker T at this time I
-geUGIlBz2u-00342-00062322-00062513 hated Triple H at this time and I really
-geUGIlBz2u-00343-00062514-00062561 wanted
-geUGIlBz2u-00344-00062562-00062807 Booker T to win but he did not and then
-geUGIlBz2u-00345-00062808-00063032 you know the freakin just I liked Booker
-geUGIlBz2u-00346-00063033-00063341 T way more now right here and stuff in
-geUGIlBz2u-00347-00063341-00063602 his earlier run rather than king Booker
-geUGIlBz2u-00348-00063603-00063797 I hated his king Booker Run so it is
-geUGIlBz2u-00349-00063798-00063979 nice to get a Booker T from this era I
-geUGIlBz2u-00350-00063980-00064166 know we have had a couple king Booker
-geUGIlBz2u-00351-00064166-00064349 elites before but they were not a
-geUGIlBz2u-00352-00064350-00064547 flashback Booker T so this is nice to
-geUGIlBz2u-00353-00064548-00064700 see you got the white trunks on there
-geUGIlBz2u-00354-00064701-00064901 the black gloves elbow pads big knee
-geUGIlBz2u-00355-00064902-00065063 pads and he comes with a beautiful white
-geUGIlBz2u-00356-00065064-00065198 Cody Rhodes style boots
-geUGIlBz2u-00357-00065199-00065372 Booker T down the sides man just
-geUGIlBz2u-00358-00065373-00065522 beautiful figure I love the head sculpt
-geUGIlBz2u-00359-00065523-00065684 we have had this in a basic before I
-geUGIlBz2u-00360-00065685-00065801 don't think it had true effects
-geUGIlBz2u-00361-00065802-00065972 technology though just so really well
-geUGIlBz2u-00362-00065973-00066161 figure and this thing is on ball joints
-geUGIlBz2u-00363-00066162-00066275 if you were wondering this is on ball
-geUGIlBz2u-00364-00066276-00066479 joints Mick Foley's on ball joints
-geUGIlBz2u-00365-00066480-00066637 but Matt Hardy is not and with this
-geUGIlBz2u-00366-00066638-00066779 figure guys you get some really awesome
-geUGIlBz2u-00367-00066780-00067000 accessories you get five time hands oh
-geUGIlBz2u-00368-00067001-00067174 my god I love that we're getting five
-geUGIlBz2u-00369-00067175-00067357 time hands and not only that you get his
-geUGIlBz2u-00370-00067358-00067576 pointing entrance fingers so you get
-geUGIlBz2u-00371-00067577-00067756 five time and you get pointing hands and
-geUGIlBz2u-00372-00067757-00067885 you get Mike holding hands so they
-geUGIlBz2u-00373-00067886-00068072 definitely didn't let us down with
-geUGIlBz2u-00374-00068073-00068203 interchangeable hands with the Booker T
-geUGIlBz2u-00375-00068204-00068378 figure I love it it's probably my
-geUGIlBz2u-00376-00068379-00068522 favorite one in the set hands down that
-geUGIlBz2u-00377-00068523-00068710 Booker T is fantastic and then rounding
-geUGIlBz2u-00378-00068711-00068863 out our set guys we do have at the
-geUGIlBz2u-00379-00068864-00069128 WrestleMania 35 Kofi Kingston where he
-geUGIlBz2u-00380-00069129-00069325 captured the dough W each championship
-geUGIlBz2u-00381-00069326-00069493 from Daniel Bryan and one thing I will
-geUGIlBz2u-00382-00069494-00069712 say is he does come with the W E
-geUGIlBz2u-00383-00069713-00069874 championship which is excellent I think
-geUGIlBz2u-00384-00069875-00070046 it should come with the WWE Championship
-geUGIlBz2u-00385-00070047-00070196 that is something he should come with
-geUGIlBz2u-00386-00070197-00070438 but he also comes with the pinning hands
-geUGIlBz2u-00387-00070439-00070579 you guys not the flat hands for the
-geUGIlBz2u-00388-00070580-00070772 Danny Davis so that he can pin and then
-geUGIlBz2u-00389-00070773-00070993 we have the interchangeable fist for
-geUGIlBz2u-00390-00070994-00071200 Kofi so he comes with the mic holding
-geUGIlBz2u-00391-00071201-00071431 hands and then the fists and then he I
-geUGIlBz2u-00392-00071432-00071605 think that it would have been great if
-geUGIlBz2u-00393-00071606-00071797 he came with not only the dou W e
-geUGIlBz2u-00394-00071798-00071972 championship regular version but it
-geUGIlBz2u-00395-00071973-00072097 would have been really cool to see him
-geUGIlBz2u-00396-00072098-00072284 come with the hemp championship since he
-geUGIlBz2u-00397-00072285-00072448 won the hip championship from Daniel
-geUGIlBz2u-00398-00072449-00072622 Bryan but new day obviously Xavier woods
-geUGIlBz2u-00399-00072623-00072853 and Big E surprised him with the regular
-geUGIlBz2u-00400-00072854-00073060 version with his own side plate so it
-geUGIlBz2u-00401-00073061-00073216 would have been cool and we would have
-geUGIlBz2u-00402-00073217-00073348 gotten it a little bit earlier if they
-geUGIlBz2u-00403-00073349-00073501 gave us the hemp championship maybe it
-geUGIlBz2u-00404-00073502-00073666 wasn't completed yet maybe they hadn't
-geUGIlBz2u-00405-00073667-00073810 gotten done with it so I can understand
-geUGIlBz2u-00406-00073811-00073898 it but I think that would have been
-geUGIlBz2u-00407-00073899-00074084 pretty cool to add another accessory one
-geUGIlBz2u-00408-00074085-00074198 thing we'll say about this figure as the
-geUGIlBz2u-00409-00074199-00074435 hairline is just not good I think that
-geUGIlBz2u-00410-00074436-00074686 it's okay because his hairline was like
-geUGIlBz2u-00411-00074687-00074851 this but it was like faded it's like he
-geUGIlBz2u-00412-00074852-00075001 cut it and faded it and we're gonna do
-geUGIlBz2u-00413-00075002-00075140 that on action figure surgery most
-geUGIlBz2u-00414-00075141-00075307 likely we're gonna come in here and fade
-geUGIlBz2u-00415-00075308-00075487 the haircut to where it looks a lot
-geUGIlBz2u-00416-00075488-00075610 better and it's gonna look a lot more
-geUGIlBz2u-00417-00075611-00075799 accurate I love the pink sleeves going
-geUGIlBz2u-00418-00075800-00075955 on unfortunately I don't think they
-geUGIlBz2u-00419-00075956-00076093 molded these in pink so you couldn't
-geUGIlBz2u-00420-00076094-00076285 remove you know the the skin tone from
-geUGIlBz2u-00421-00076286-00076474 it and then you know have pink sleeves I
-geUGIlBz2u-00422-00076475-00076576 don't think that's possible
-geUGIlBz2u-00423-00076577-00076819 same Kofi torso that we've seen no chest
-geUGIlBz2u-00424-00076820-00077005 hair on there abcott is a little bit
-geUGIlBz2u-00425-00077006-00077167 loosey-goosey on line at least in the
-geUGIlBz2u-00426-00077168-00077344 back end on the front end it's fine but
-geUGIlBz2u-00427-00077345-00077536 on the back end it is kind of loose on
-geUGIlBz2u-00428-00077537-00077707 the back of his tattoos you have all
-geUGIlBz2u-00429-00077708-00077899 this great deco work going down and all
-geUGIlBz2u-00430-00077900-00078071 the great colors and all the great logos
-geUGIlBz2u-00431-00078072-00078260 and stuff i think main event dear on
-geUGIlBz2u-00432-00078261-00078478 instagram makes his tires and they do a
-geUGIlBz2u-00433-00078479-00078673 really fantastic job he has the same
-geUGIlBz2u-00434-00078674-00078838 Kofi lower legs and kick pads that we've
-geUGIlBz2u-00435-00078839-00079003 seen in the past you guys know that he
-geUGIlBz2u-00436-00079004-00079190 has the AJ style style kick pads the
-geUGIlBz2u-00437-00079191-00079366 ones that don't have the little lip like
-geUGIlBz2u-00438-00079367-00079551 Seth Rollins has
-geUGIlBz2u-00439-00079552-00079758 and I love this you got the kopi logo
-geUGIlBz2u-00440-00079759-00079956 over here or a picture of him a little
-geUGIlBz2u-00441-00079957-00080145 unicorn logo right there and just
-geUGIlBz2u-00442-00080146-00080340 overall really strong set man I really
-geUGIlBz2u-00443-00080341-00080472 like this figure I like the white
-geUGIlBz2u-00444-00080473-00080670 outsoles I like the attire and it's just
-geUGIlBz2u-00445-00080671-00080871 overall really good stuff man the cofee
-geUGIlBz2u-00446-00080872-00081099 drowns out our set and I would like to
-geUGIlBz2u-00447-00081100-00081195 know down in the comment section below
-geUGIlBz2u-00448-00081196-00081372 which is your favorite so witness a
-geUGIlBz2u-00449-00081373-00081546 guy's you get 5 figures if you buy the
-geUGIlBz2u-00450-00081547-00081714 full wave which is absolutely beautiful
-geUGIlBz2u-00451-00081715-00081987 so you not only get Kofi Booker Mick and
-geUGIlBz2u-00452-00081988-00082179 Matt you get your bill to figure Danny
-geUGIlBz2u-00453-00082180-00082347 Davis which looks really good as well
-geUGIlBz2u-00454-00082348-00082575 even though the torso is loose or the
-geUGIlBz2u-00455-00082576-00082866 waist is loose like god I'm Brett that's
-geUGIlBz2u-00456-00082867-00083025 pretty bad but I think that is gonna do
-geUGIlBz2u-00457-00083026-00083223 it for this full five figures in one
-geUGIlBz2u-00458-00083224-00083487 WrestleMania 36 elite figure sit review
-geUGIlBz2u-00459-00083488-00083616 guys thank you so very much for watching
-geUGIlBz2u-00460-00083617-00083766 comment down below if you're going to
-geUGIlBz2u-00461-00083767-00083916 Wrestlemania also coming down below
-geUGIlBz2u-00462-00083917-00084123 which figure you like the best out of
-geUGIlBz2u-00463-00084124-00084309 these did you pick up any of them do you
-geUGIlBz2u-00464-00084310-00084495 like to build a figure Danny Davis which
-geUGIlBz2u-00465-00084496-00084618 of these figures is your favorite at a
-geUGIlBz2u-00466-00084619-00084807 cofee Booker Mick and Matt let me know
-geUGIlBz2u-00467-00084808-00084939 down in the comments section below guys
-geUGIlBz2u-00468-00084940-00085095 think you so very much for watching I
-geUGIlBz2u-00469-00085096-00085296 hope you guys did enjoy again I would
-geUGIlBz2u-00470-00085297-00085458 recommend all four of them I really
-geUGIlBz2u-00471-00085459-00085581 would I think they're all really good
-geUGIlBz2u-00472-00085582-00085710 again if you would like to pick up any
-geUGIlBz2u-00473-00085711-00085830 of these figures you see in today's
-geUGIlBz2u-00474-00085831-00085938 video guys go over to ringside
-geUGIlBz2u-00475-00085939-00086157 collectibles wrestling figures calm use
-geUGIlBz2u-00476-00086158-00086364 the promo code in the toys to save 10%
-geUGIlBz2u-00477-00086365-00086523 and you will be able to pick these
-geUGIlBz2u-00478-00086524-00086745 figures up for some cheaper money but
-geUGIlBz2u-00479-00086746-00086880 thank you guys for watching subscribe to
-geUGIlBz2u-00480-00086881-00087024 the channel for more epic SOVA w/e
-geUGIlBz2u-00481-00087025-00087180 figure videos follow me on instagram and
-geUGIlBz2u-00482-00087181-00087315 twitter it might aim towards and I will
-geUGIlBz2u-00483-00087316-00088831 see you guys in the next video thank you
-geUGIlBz2u-00484-00088832-00089042 [Music]
-gDfdnFBbaM-00000-00000625-00001193 we'll think about the times we had oh so
-gDfdnFBbaM-00001-00001194-00001449 no gum booyah
-gDfdnFBbaM-00002-00001450-00002127 [Music]
-gDfdnFBbaM-00003-00002128-00002529 you're the only one
-gDfdnFBbaM-00004-00002530-00002950 Jeroen in Mequon my I would prove Neiman
-gDfdnFBbaM-00005-00002951-00003349 young Lisa Kudrow to me being koompin
-gDfdnFBbaM-00006-00003350-00003840 concert i clowny want to clamp my Santa
-gDfdnFBbaM-00007-00003842-00004060 suit meto me computation Francie suit
-gDfdnFBbaM-00008-00004061-00004347 bang aunts and uncles to protect yura to
-gDfdnFBbaM-00009-00004348-00004468 me rock me now my boot
-gDfdnFBbaM-00010-00004469-00004679 what a something dude
-gDfdnFBbaM-00011-00004680-00004917 [Music]
-gDfdnFBbaM-00012-00004918-00005335 Naruto a GUI channel no one can love you
-gDfdnFBbaM-00013-00005336-00006111 like I do know that she did chuckle she
-gDfdnFBbaM-00014-00006112-00006423 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00000-00000000-00001165 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00001-00001166-00001315 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00002-00001316-00001741 thank you
-gLoPJQrX3u-00003-00001742-00002296 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00004-00002297-00003213 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00005-00003214-00004579 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00006-00004580-00004952 thank you
-gLoPJQrX3u-00007-00004953-00006558 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00008-00006559-00006983 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00009-00006984-00007206 foreign
-gLoPJQrX3u-00010-00007208-00009322 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00011-00009323-00011067 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00012-00011068-00011992 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00013-00011993-00013541 foreign
-gLoPJQrX3u-00014-00013541-00014544 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00015-00014544-00015379 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00016-00015380-00015953 [Music]
-gLoPJQrX3u-00017-00015954-00016453 foreign
-gLoPJQrX3u-00018-00016454-00018970 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00000-00000047-00001366 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00001-00001367-00001508 do
-htF7s5eD1M-00002-00001509-00003194 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00003-00003195-00004199 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00004-00004200-00005983 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00005-00005984-00006652 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00007-00011182-00013575 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00008-00013576-00013983 do
-htF7s5eD1M-00009-00013984-00014886 [Music]
-htF7s5eD1M-00010-00014887-00015095 you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00000-00001375-00001558 continuation to the last lecture where
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00001-00001559-00001663 we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00002-00001664-00001879 we started with aristotle in syllogistic
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00003-00001880-00002039 logic
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00004-00002039-00002271 there we discussed various kinds of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00005-00002272-00002495 categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00006-00002496-00002734 this can be an a proposition can be like
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00007-00002735-00002991 this all men are mortal i proposition is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00008-00002992-00003254 some men are mortal and woe preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00009-00003255-00003486 is some men are not mortal and e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00010-00003488-00003711 proposition stands for in a no men are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00011-00003711-00003815 mortal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00012-00003815-00003999 so depending upon
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00013-00004000-00004238 what distributes what and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00014-00004239-00004463 we have classified these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00015-00004464-00004654 categorical proportions in terms of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00016-00004655-00004935 quality and quantity
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00017-00004936-00005191 so these categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00018-00005192-00005383 combine in certain way and they will
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00019-00005384-00005502 form
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00020-00005503-00005727 categorical syllogism and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00021-00005728-00006015 categorical syllogism consists of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00022-00006016-00006199 at least two categorical propositions as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00023-00006200-00006399 premises and another categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00024-00006400-00006542 proposition as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00025-00006543-00006710 conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00026-00006711-00006887 so today we will be discussing about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00027-00006888-00007095 aristotelian theory of categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00028-00007095-00007310 syllogisms and then we will also discuss
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00029-00007311-00007423 about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00030-00007423-00007542 various
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00031-00007543-00007655 valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00032-00007656-00007942 rules of inference and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00033-00007943-00008207 we we also discuss about immediate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00034-00008208-00008439 inferences etcetera and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00035-00008440-00008574 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00036-00008575-00008807 to start with what we mean by a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00037-00008808-00009063 categorical syllogism so the definition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00038-00009064-00009351 of a categorical syllogism is like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00039-00009352-00009542 it is obviously a directive argument
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00040-00009543-00009759 having a sequence of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00041-00009760-00009910 three and only three categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00042-00009911-00010046 propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00043-00010047-00010171 you know in this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00044-00010172-00010359 categoricalism there should be only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00045-00010360-00010638 three and only three prepositions out of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00046-00010639-00010823 which two will serve as premises and the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00047-00010824-00011151 other one will serve as a conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00048-00011152-00011319 so it is a deductive argument in a sense
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00049-00011320-00011495 that conclusion necessarily follows from
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00050-00011496-00011695 the premises and all and there is no new
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00051-00011696-00011887 information in the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00052-00011888-00012087 etc all the properties of detective
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00053-00012088-00012255 arguments works
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00054-00012256-00012503 well here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00055-00012504-00012678 and not only that thing not only the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00056-00012679-00012799 thing that they have only three
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00057-00012800-00013030 categorical propositions but they have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00058-00013031-00013247 three and only three terms appear in a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00059-00013247-00013455 sequence of statements
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00060-00013456-00013583 for example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00061-00013584-00013775 any sentence any categorical proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00062-00013776-00014022 has two terms subject and predicate term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00063-00014023-00014158 but the three terms that we are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00064-00014159-00014455 referring to are like this subject term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00065-00014456-00014735 and predicate term and the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00066-00014736-00014991 so each one of these terms ah occurs at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00067-00014991-00015350 least twice in this three
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00068-00015351-00015511 prepositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00069-00015512-00015711 so each term appearing in exactly two
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00070-00015712-00015863 propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00071-00015863-00015943 uh
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00072-00015944-00016158 the way in which this term the the terms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00073-00016159-00016422 of the syllogisms are arranged
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00074-00016423-00016535 is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00075-00016536-00016703 what we call it as the figure of the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00076-00016704-00016830 syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00077-00016831-00017047 so the idea here is is that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00078-00017048-00017271 ah middle term is the term which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00079-00017272-00017543 which you will see only in the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00080-00017544-00017735 and whereas subject and predicate terms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00081-00017736-00017855 you will see in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00082-00017856-00018150 ah at least one of the premises and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00083-00018151-00018319 and one in one of the conclusions you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00084-00018320-00018447 know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00085-00018448-00018527 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00086-00018528-00018807 these terms at least occurs twice in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00087-00018808-00018983 whole argument now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00088-00018984-00019175 the only thing which you need to notice
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00089-00019176-00019358 is that middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00090-00019359-00019694 will not appear in the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00091-00019695-00019975 so one example of a categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00092-00019976-00020239 syllogism is this thing suppose if you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00093-00020240-00020447 say all austrian or astronomers are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00094-00020448-00020591 scientists
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00095-00020592-00020830 some astrologers are not scientists
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00096-00020831-00021022 and from that the third proposition is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00097-00021023-00021311 conclusion that is some astrologers are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00098-00021312-00021614 not astronomers
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00099-00021615-00021814 so this forms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00100-00021815-00022047 a kind of categorical syllogism now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00101-00022048-00022263 aristotle has presented as theory of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00102-00022264-00022494 syllogism in which you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00103-00022495-00022743 we will come to know how whether or not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00104-00022744-00022927 some astrologers are not astronomers
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00105-00022928-00023047 follows from
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00106-00023048-00023278 the two given categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00107-00023279-00023383 that are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00108-00023384-00023558 all astronomers are scientists some
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00109-00023559-00023807 australians are not scientists now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00110-00023808-00024103 so for that what we need to do is first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00111-00024104-00024335 we need to identify the terms that exist
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00112-00024336-00024622 in this categorical syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00113-00024623-00024871 so these are like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00114-00024872-00025094 so what i said in the beginning was
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00115-00025095-00025335 middle term is the term which exists at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00116-00025336-00025463 least
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00117-00025464-00025622 which exists only in the premises but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00118-00025623-00025943 you will not find it in the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00119-00025944-00026143 so the middle term of a categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00120-00026144-00026335 syllogism is the term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00121-00026336-00026758 that occurs once in each premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00122-00026760-00026927 it occurs only in the premises but it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00123-00026927-00027158 will not occur in the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00124-00027160-00027390 so in this case the one which is in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00125-00027391-00027551 red red
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00126-00027552-00027687 red color
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00127-00027688-00027814 is the one which you will see in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00128-00027816-00028007 premises so all astronomers are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00129-00028008-00028167 scientists and some leaders are not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00130-00028168-00028302 scientists they are considered to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00131-00028304-00028511 premises and the third one here is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00132-00028512-00028702 conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00133-00028704-00028823 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00134-00028824-00029023 scientist is the term which occurs only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00135-00029024-00029214 in the premises that is why it is called
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00136-00029216-00029390 as a middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00137-00029391-00029558 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00138-00029560-00029702 and first you need to observe the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00139-00029704-00029887 conclusion the conclusion here is some
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00140-00029888-00030223 astrologers are not astronomers
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00141-00030224-00030358 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00142-00030360-00030623 here the subject term is astrologer we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00143-00030624-00030790 are talking about the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00144-00030791-00030999 and the predicate term of the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00145-00031000-00031190 is astronomers
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00146-00031191-00031439 so whenever the predicate term occurs in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00147-00031439-00031558 the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00148-00031560-00031702 and that is considered to be the major
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00149-00031703-00031799 premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00150-00031800-00032111 whenever the subject term occurs in your
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00151-00032112-00032327 premises then that is called as a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00152-00032327-00032455 premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00153-00032456-00032583 the other way around you can say that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00154-00032583-00032783 astrologers is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00155-00032784-00032959 the subject term is called as a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00156-00032960-00033046 term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00157-00033047-00033127 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00158-00033128-00033390 astronomers is considered as a major
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00159-00033391-00033511 term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00160-00033512-00033655 whereas the middle term is scientists
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00161-00033656-00033759 now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00162-00033760-00033983 so how do why do we need to find out all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00163-00033984-00034199 these things we need to find out what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00164-00034200-00034367 a major premise and what is a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00165-00034368-00034574 premise now major premise is a premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00166-00034575-00034662 in which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00167-00034663-00034790 you will find
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00168-00034791-00035007 the predicate term the predicate term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00169-00035008-00035271 here is astronomers so as you will see
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00170-00035272-00035471 here clearly in this example the first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00171-00035472-00035735 premise astronomers figures out so that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00172-00035736-00035918 is why that preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00173-00035919-00036079 that categorical proposition all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00174-00036080-00036287 astronomers are scientists is considered
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00175-00036288-00036502 to be a major premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00176-00036503-00036718 and the subject of a conclusion that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00177-00036719-00036918 the astrologers here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00178-00036919-00037127 is considered to be the minor term and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00179-00037128-00037374 whenever this minor term occurs
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00180-00037375-00037567 that categorical proposition is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00181-00037568-00037718 considered to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00182-00037719-00037855 the premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00183-00037856-00037999 which is referring to this categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00184-00038000-00038207 proportion is considered to be a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00185-00038208-00038351 premise so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00186-00038352-00038551 one is a major premise and two is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00187-00038552-00038702 minor premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00188-00038703-00038879 and then of course third and third one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00189-00038880-00039039 is the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00190-00039040-00039255 it is a standard convention that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00191-00039256-00039439 should ensure that always
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00192-00039440-00039711 you state the major premise first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00193-00039712-00039902 followed by that minor premise and of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00194-00039903-00040151 course there is a conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00195-00040152-00040271 so how do we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00196-00040272-00040399 why are we studying all these things
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00197-00040400-00040662 because we need to judge
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00198-00040663-00040790 whether this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00199-00040791-00040911 syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00200-00040912-00041174 is a group of categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00201-00041175-00041343 out of which two are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00202-00041344-00041543 ah two are serving as premises and the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00203-00041544-00041815 other one is uh serving as a conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00204-00041816-00041951 so how do we know that the premises are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00205-00041952-00042102 leading to the conclusion that makes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00206-00042103-00042407 this syllogism valid that is what is our
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00207-00042408-00042639 motivation and then aristotle has come
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00208-00042640-00042871 up with a wonderful theory which is very
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00209-00042872-00043158 closer to the natural language
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00210-00043159-00043518 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00211-00043519-00043695 aristotle has come up with this theory
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00212-00043696-00044062 of syllogism in this way
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00213-00044063-00044230 ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00214-00044231-00044415 the first and foremost thing which you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00215-00044416-00044599 need to know before presenting this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00216-00044600-00044839 aristotle theory of syllogism is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00217-00044840-00045039 another concept which is called as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00218-00045040-00045223 mood
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00219-00045224-00045423 mood is not the one which we we are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00220-00045424-00045590 talking about which mode you are in and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00221-00045591-00045735 all what kind of mode you are in is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00222-00045736-00045943 different kind of thing it is a form of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00223-00045944-00046158 argument and all so for example if you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00224-00046159-00046439 have no birds or mammals
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00225-00046440-00046751 all bats are mammals so no bats are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00226-00046752-00046943 birds the first preposition is a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00227-00046944-00047062 preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00228-00047063-00047318 and the second one is a proposition that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00229-00047319-00047558 means all men are mortal like that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00230-00047559-00047743 and the third one is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00231-00047744-00047951 a preposition so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00232-00047952-00048471 the mood of this proposition is e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00233-00048472-00048639 so another kind of uh
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00234-00048640-00049007 categorical syllogism which has
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00235-00049008-00049279 which which is like this no mammals are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00236-00049280-00049527 birds that is a e preposition all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00237-00049528-00049671 mumbles are bats that is the a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00238-00049672-00049790 preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00239-00049791-00050079 and the other one no bats are birds that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00240-00050080-00050343 is usually served as a conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00241-00050344-00050527 so that is the e proposition so this is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00242-00050528-00050839 also called as eae proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00243-00050840-00050927 but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00244-00050928-00051086 both of these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00245-00051087-00051335 syllogisms have the same mood
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00246-00051336-00051430 but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00247-00051432-00051790 their logical form is different and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00248-00051791-00051999 so although they have the same mood and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00249-00052000-00052126 all e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00250-00052127-00052326 but the logical form in a sense that how
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00251-00052327-00052511 the middle term is distributed etcetera
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00252-00052512-00052615 and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00253-00052616-00052879 they are a little bit different from the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00254-00052879-00053126 second argument
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00255-00053127-00053263 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00256-00053264-00053487 so in the first argument the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00257-00053488-00053726 takes the position of predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00258-00053727-00053847 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00259-00053848-00054030 in the case of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00260-00054032-00054163 the second
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00261-00054164-00054382 categoricalism the middle term takes the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00262-00054383-00054494 position of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00263-00054495-00054623 the subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00264-00054624-00054799 so these are the things you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00265-00054800-00054911 although
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00266-00054912-00055150 two categorical syllogisms have same
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00267-00055151-00055423 kind of mode but the logical form might
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00268-00055424-00055638 be different
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00269-00055639-00055766 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00270-00055767-00055903 this is the first thing which we need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00271-00055904-00056126 know first thing we need to know is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00272-00056127-00056342 four kinds of categorical propositions a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00273-00056344-00056623 e i and o and depending upon the quality
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00274-00056624-00056807 and quantity we are classified into
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00275-00056808-00056926 different kinds of categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00276-00056927-00057054 propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00277-00057055-00057223 and then these categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00278-00057224-00057375 combine in certain way and they will
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00279-00057376-00057654 form some kind of thing which which we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00280-00057655-00057879 are calling it as a mood
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00281-00057879-00058111 so same mode but you can have different
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00282-00058112-00058391 logical forms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00283-00058391-00058679 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00284-00058679-00058830 based on how the middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00285-00058832-00058966 distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00286-00058967-00059103 what is the middle term middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00287-00059104-00059382 occurs twice in the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00288-00059383-00059566 so that you will not find it in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00289-00059567-00059750 conclusion suppose in the categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00290-00059751-00059950 proposition you find a middle term in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00291-00059951-00060223 the conclusion that is not a valid kind
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00292-00060224-00060359 of argument first of all forget about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00293-00060360-00060487 the validity
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00294-00060488-00060671 you should not use the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00295-00060672-00060854 should not come in the figure out in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00296-00060855-00061094 conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00297-00061095-00061287 so now based on how the middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00298-00061288-00061438 distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00299-00061439-00061719 uh according to aristotle we have four
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00300-00061720-00061942 possible figures
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00301-00061944-00062254 so figures are in combination of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00302-00062255-00062423 different kinds of categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00303-00062424-00062671 propositions and in these categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00304-00062672-00062950 positions what we need to look for is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00305-00062951-00063111 where the middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00306-00063112-00063423 placed now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00307-00063424-00063575 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00308-00063576-00063766 there are four kinds of categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00309-00063767-00064135 statements are prepositions a e i and o
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00310-00064136-00064223 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00311-00064224-00064511 there are three categorical statements
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00312-00064512-00064671 per categorical citizen that means say
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00313-00064672-00064942 any categorical syllogism should have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00314-00064944-00065215 only three categorical prepositions you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00315-00065216-00065350 might ask
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00316-00065351-00065543 what happens if i have more than three
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00317-00065544-00065759 categorical propositions in all so these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00318-00065760-00065911 will reduce to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00319-00065912-00066071 only two you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00320-00066072-00066191 for example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00321-00066192-00066479 all men are mortals okay ah all men ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00322-00066480-00066694 all donkeys are cats all cats are dogs
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00323-00066695-00066823 something like that three propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00324-00066824-00066950 are there
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00325-00066951-00067231 then ah first two combined will form
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00326-00067232-00067455 another categorical proposition and that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00327-00067456-00067671 categorical profession combined with the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00328-00067672-00067887 fourth one and ultimately you will have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00329-00067888-00068079 only two categorical propositions and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00330-00068080-00068303 then the fourth one is the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00331-00068304-00068494 if you have more than two categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00332-00068495-00068687 propositions of course it presents
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00333-00068688-00068887 problem to the aristotelian model and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00334-00068888-00069047 all but it works
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00335-00069048-00069206 nicely for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00336-00069207-00069391 categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00337-00069392-00069726 three categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00338-00069727-00070006 out of which one is a conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00339-00070007-00070215 so now we have four categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00340-00070216-00070479 propositions a e i and o
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00341-00070480-00070567 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00342-00070568-00070726 and you have only three categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00343-00070727-00070950 proportions which will form a syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00344-00070951-00071175 so that's why we have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00345-00071176-00071359 four tube that is four into four and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00346-00071360-00071582 four that is sixty four possible
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00347-00071583-00071782 which are possible for each and every
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00348-00071783-00071919 figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00349-00071920-00072167 so what is a figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00350-00072168-00072311 he has nicely
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00351-00072312-00072519 has come up with a wonderful idea that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00352-00072520-00072687 depending upon how
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00353-00072688-00072903 the middle term is distributed in this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00354-00072904-00073199 categorical propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00355-00073200-00073423 he has classified into four different
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00356-00073424-00073559 figures in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00357-00073560-00073862 as you observed in these figures clearly
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00358-00073863-00073982 that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00359-00073983-00074215 the the conclusion is always in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00360-00074216-00074359 in the format that subject and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00361-00074360-00074582 predicated
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00362-00074583-00074719 but the only thing which is different
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00363-00074720-00074935 here is uh the middle terminal for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00364-00074936-00075038 example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00365-00075039-00075199 in the first figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00366-00075200-00075367 in the first premise middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00367-00075368-00075575 occupies the position of a subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00368-00075576-00075838 and in the second premise of first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00369-00075839-00075967 figure number one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00370-00075968-00076159 middle term occupies the position of a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00371-00076160-00076326 predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00372-00076327-00076638 and in the in figure 2
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00373-00076639-00076871 middle term occupies the position of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00374-00076872-00077023 predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00375-00077024-00077215 so each categorical proposition has
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00376-00077216-00077415 subject and predicate and all i mean any
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00377-00077416-00077591 sentence will have a subject and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00378-00077592-00077750 predicate for example if you say all men
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00379-00077751-00077991 are mortal mortality is attributed to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00380-00077992-00078079 the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00381-00078080-00078271 military all men and all men is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00382-00078272-00078494 considered to be subject all mineral
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00383-00078495-00078671 mortality is nothing but a predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00384-00078672-00078823 some kind of property or something like
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00385-00078824-00078950 that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00386-00078951-00079119 so as you will see clearly in this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00387-00079120-00079350 figure uh figures obviously the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00388-00079351-00079599 conclusion is always in the form in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00389-00079600-00079903 form of subject and predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00390-00079904-00080015 but the only thing which is different
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00391-00080016-00080231 here is the position of the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00392-00080232-00080559 is different in all these figures
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00393-00080560-00080671 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00394-00080672-00081287 for example moods can be like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00395-00081288-00081535 or any particular kind of combination
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00396-00081536-00081759 will form a particular kind of mode it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00397-00081760-00081887 can be e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00398-00081888-00082015 rea
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00399-00082016-00082231 all these things will form particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00400-00082232-00082375 kind of mode
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00401-00082376-00082671 so each figure will have 64
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00402-00082672-00082926 possible modes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00403-00082927-00083150 and then the first figure will have 64
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00404-00083151-00083382 modes second figure will have 64
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00405-00083383-00083631 and the figure 3 also 64 and 64.
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00406-00083632-00083794 ultimately you will have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00407-00083795-00084062 256 kilograms possible this is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00408-00084063-00084303 wonderful construction of aristotle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00409-00084304-00084503 there are few things which are exciting
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00410-00084504-00084679 in all even the natural sciences also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00411-00084680-00084911 the periodic table which is developed by
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00412-00084912-00085150 mendeleev is which is such as very
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00413-00085151-00085382 aesthetic in nature and all it conveys
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00414-00085383-00085575 lot of information
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00415-00085576-00085775 so the one which you are going to see we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00416-00085776-00086015 are seeing right now that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00417-00086016-00086199 based on how the middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00418-00086200-00086375 distributed he has classified these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00419-00086376-00086671 syllogisms in nicely into these four
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00420-00086672-00086871 groups some kind of analogy you might
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00421-00086872-00087191 find it in mendeleev's periodic table
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00422-00087192-00087415 or maybe the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00423-00087416-00087567 origin of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00424-00087568-00087735 benzene structure etcetera there are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00425-00087736-00087967 wonderful innovations in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00426-00087968-00088182 this there is something great about this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00427-00088183-00088462 kind of figures
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00428-00088463-00088591 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00429-00088592-00088847 only 256 syllogisms can be possible and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00430-00088848-00089079 all so out of that aristotle has come up
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00431-00089080-00089215 with
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00432-00089216-00089494 some kind of valid rules of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00433-00089495-00089767 syllogism with which he could come
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00434-00089768-00090031 to the fact that out of this 256
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00435-00090032-00090167 syllogisms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00436-00090168-00090382 15 are unconditionally valid i will talk
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00437-00090383-00090543 about what i mean by unconditional
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00438-00090544-00090662 validity
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00439-00090663-00090735 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00440-00090736-00090950 9 are considered to be conditionally
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00441-00090951-00091159 valid and all so that means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00442-00091160-00091311 according to aristotle's theory of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00443-00091312-00091703 syllogism 24 out of 256 syllogisms are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00444-00091704-00091871 considered to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00445-00091872-00092038 valid syllogisms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00446-00092039-00092255 not all kinds of combinations will give
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00447-00092256-00092343 us
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00448-00092344-00092631 valid civilization in a sense that for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00449-00092632-00092831 example if you have ee
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00450-00092832-00093055 for example that may not be a valid kind
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00451-00093056-00093159 of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00452-00093160-00093311 syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00453-00093312-00093479 however well it falls into figure 1
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00454-00093480-00093782 figure 2 figure 3 or anything
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00455-00093783-00094118 so now what we are going to do here is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00456-00094119-00094303 that we are we are just trying to see
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00457-00094304-00094535 how the aristotle has con classified
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00458-00094536-00094774 these syllogisms into these four
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00459-00094775-00095006 different figures
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00460-00095007-00095150 so there is one more thing which we need
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00461-00095151-00095231 to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00462-00095232-00095326 note
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00463-00095327-00095574 the first figure is considered to be the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00464-00095575-00095838 the most standard kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00465-00095839-00095991 so all the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00466-00095992-00096079 s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00467-00096080-00096255 moods that are falling
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00468-00096256-00096511 in figure 2 figure 3 figure 4
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00469-00096512-00096703 can be reduced to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00470-00096704-00096959 the figure 1 and all that means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00471-00096960-00097094 so this is considered to be the most
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00472-00097095-00097550 standard kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00473-00097551-00097718 figure that you will commonly see in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00474-00097719-00097894 aristotle and theory of syllogisms all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00475-00097895-00098071 the other things which fall in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00476-00098072-00098255 figure 2 figure 3 etcetera for example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00477-00098256-00098574 if you have aae 2 that means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00478-00098575-00098838 that stands for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00479-00098839-00099126 categorical syllogism aaa and it falls
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00480-00099127-00099191 in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00481-00099192-00099391 figure number 2 that means the middle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00482-00099392-00099662 term will be occupying the position of a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00483-00099663-00100015 predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00484-00100016-00100271 so these are some of the things which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00485-00100272-00100487 aristotle has come up with now we need
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00486-00100488-00100767 to find out how aristotle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00487-00100768-00100999 has come up with the validity of only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00488-00101000-00101262 these 15 syllogisms which are considered
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00489-00101263-00101487 to be unconditionally valid so i will go
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00490-00101488-00101631 into the details of this little bit
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00491-00101632-00101718 later
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00492-00101719-00101806 but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00493-00101807-00101950 aristotle has
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00494-00101951-00102231 named these syllogisms with
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00495-00102232-00102478 nice names and all greek names
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00496-00102479-00102830 so the first figure only these four are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00497-00102831-00103086 valid a a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00498-00103088-00103334 ah there are some ways to remember this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00499-00103335-00103566 particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00500-00103567-00103951 syllogisms these are called as mnemonics
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00501-00103952-00104039 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00502-00104040-00104278 they use lot of pneumonics to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00503-00104279-00104502 a kind of mugging up this whole kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00504-00104503-00104671 thing you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00505-00104672-00104847 if you remember this pneumonics and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00506-00104848-00104990 its like a poem
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00507-00104991-00105110 if you remember the poem you can
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00508-00105111-00105319 understand everything about this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00509-00105320-00105510 validity of a syllogism and all so i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00510-00105511-00105663 will go into the details of this poem
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00511-00105664-00105823 little bit later
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00512-00105824-00105975 so which which is considered to be a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00513-00105976-00106351 syllogistic poem which is quite popular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00514-00106352-00106727 ah so the first one ah has a name
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00515-00106728-00106902 barbarian
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00516-00106903-00107190 so as you see here clearly the voles
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00517-00107191-00107407 that occur in this term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00518-00107408-00107631 barbara that is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00519-00107632-00107934 a and a only these are the ovals a e i o
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00520-00107935-00108151 u are ovals and all whenever you find
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00521-00108152-00108366 this ovals ah corresponding to this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00522-00108367-00108558 particular kind of thing so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00523-00108559-00108790 that is having aaa form
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00524-00108791-00108878 another
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00525-00108879-00109054 thing is sila rent
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00526-00109055-00109334 that means in this sealer rent
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00527-00109335-00109607 the first vole is e second hole is a and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00528-00109608-00109799 the third oval that you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00529-00109800-00109990 that you come across in the in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00530-00109991-00110223 particular order is e so that's why it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00531-00110224-00110366 is a e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00532-00110367-00110671 categorical proposition and diary is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00533-00110672-00110934 this thing a the first oval is a and the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00534-00110935-00111183 second role is i and i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00535-00111183-00111495 so not only the thing that these vowels
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00536-00111496-00111790 corresponds to the mood of a syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00537-00111791-00111910 which are considered the valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00538-00111911-00112054 syllogisms and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00539-00112055-00112319 but the other letters consonants also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00540-00112320-00112454 are going to convey some kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00541-00112455-00112671 information here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00542-00112672-00112815 so which we will talk about it when we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00543-00112816-00112910 analyze
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00544-00112911-00113175 syllogistic poem into a greater detail
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00545-00113176-00113366 but our concern now is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00546-00113367-00113566 to to know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00547-00113567-00113783 when these syllogisms are going to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00548-00113783-00113927 valid and when
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00549-00113928-00114110 syllables are going to be unvalid that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00550-00114111-00114254 means when the argument is varied when
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00551-00114255-00114510 the argument is invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00552-00114511-00114727 in the same way second figure where the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00553-00114728-00114871 middle term occupies the predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00554-00114872-00114975 position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00555-00114976-00115134 e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00556-00115135-00115495 a e e i o a o these are considerably
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00557-00115496-00115751 considered to be the modes which are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00558-00115752-00115975 is going to be unconditionally valid and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00559-00115976-00116199 all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00560-00116200-00116519 so the other thing is boccardo o a i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00561-00116520-00116847 e i o i a i a i i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00562-00116848-00117054 ah is considered to be valid in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00563-00117055-00117399 third figure the fourth figure is e i a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00564-00117400-00117686 i n e i o
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00565-00117688-00117886 so these are some of the things which we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00566-00117888-00118047 need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00567-00118048-00118263 which aristotle has come up with
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00568-00118264-00118471 and these are unconditionally varied
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00569-00118472-00118623 there are some other kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00570-00118624-00118839 conditionally valid syllogisms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00571-00118840-00119078 so they are like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00572-00119079-00119343 the first figure in addition to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00573-00119344-00119702 a e a e a i i e etcetera and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00574-00119703-00119895 these are also considered to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00575-00119896-00120127 conditionally valid depending upon the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00576-00120128-00120254 subject term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00577-00120255-00120454 is empty or non empty and all so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00578-00120455-00120631 aristotle one one important thing which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00579-00120632-00120854 you need to note is is that is turtle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00580-00120855-00121047 takes it for granted that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00581-00121048-00121247 all the terms are considered to be non
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00582-00121248-00121447 empty you know they are not going to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00583-00121448-00121614 empty sets
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00584-00121615-00121758 for example if you say unicorn and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00585-00121759-00121958 that is not permitted in aristotle in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00586-00121959-00122190 logic because it's an empty set set of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00587-00122191-00122447 unicorns which don't exist it's a set of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00588-00122448-00122534 ghosts
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00589-00122535-00122734 set of vampires etc all these things are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00590-00122735-00123095 empty sets so it won't exist
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00591-00123096-00123271 so that is an empty set which we are not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00592-00123272-00123454 supposed to take into consideration but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00593-00123455-00123727 modern logic can take into consideration
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00594-00123728-00123886 that for example you can take into
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00595-00123888-00124014 consideration
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00596-00124015-00124207 all unicorns are intelligent that may be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00597-00124208-00124390 assumed to be true and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00598-00124391-00124639 but according to aristotle if you assume
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00599-00124640-00124966 that thing to be true then it leads to a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00600-00124967-00125190 fact that there exists some unicorns
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00601-00125191-00125375 which are considered to be intelligent
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00602-00125376-00125614 that means unicorns actually exist
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00603-00125615-00125783 which is not the case
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00604-00125783-00126007 it's an empty set so in aristotle and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00605-00126008-00126143 theory of syllogism that is not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00606-00126144-00126254 permitted
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00607-00126255-00126454 which sets limits to uh startling theory
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00608-00126455-00126654 of cellism which will talk about it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00609-00126655-00126958 when we discuss existential import in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00610-00126959-00127158 ah greater editor that will address this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00611-00127159-00127334 particular kind of problem
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00612-00127335-00127551 so what we are seeing at this moment
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00613-00127552-00127695 is is that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00614-00127696-00127878 he has classified these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00615-00127879-00128143 syllogisms into four different figures
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00616-00128144-00128383 and then he says that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00617-00128383-00128543 64 moods
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00618-00128544-00128710 i mean that is corresponding to some
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00619-00128711-00128943 kind of argument or syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00620-00128944-00129134 civilism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00621-00129135-00129295 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00622-00129296-00129519 out of this 64
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00623-00129520-00129758 in figure one there are only four which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00624-00129759-00129831 are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00625-00129832-00130095 unconditionally valid and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00626-00130096-00130534 two are un conditionally valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00627-00130535-00130790 so like this we have 15 plus 9 24
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00628-00130791-00131007 syllogisms that are going to be valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00629-00131008-00131287 out of 256 kind of syllogisms that are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00630-00131288-00131519 possible
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00631-00131520-00131711 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00632-00131712-00131863 so here is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00633-00131864-00132054 poem with which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00634-00132055-00132175 in those
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00635-00132176-00132454 old days they could remember the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00636-00132455-00132678 i mean the validity of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00637-00132679-00133031 the syllogisms with the help of the poem
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00638-00133032-00133311 so the poem in the first appearance is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00639-00133312-00133511 like this and the second appearance is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00640-00133512-00133735 the one which we are going to take into
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00641-00133736-00133902 consideration these are all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00642-00133903-00134239 latino greek names so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00643-00134240-00134343 if you can
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00644-00134344-00134527 buy heart this particular kind of poem
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00645-00134528-00134790 then you can understand all the 24 kind
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00646-00134791-00135023 of syllogisms that you are seeing that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00647-00135024-00135287 you have seen earlier
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00648-00135288-00135583 so first one is barbara silandari
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00649-00135584-00135775 fario q priorities that means the first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00650-00135776-00135878 kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00651-00135879-00136399 figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00652-00136400-00136631 the second kind of uh
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00653-00136632-00136766 second figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00654-00136767-00136959 entertia grandi sonas etcetera this is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00655-00136960-00137263 some kind of thing actual translation
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00656-00137264-00137454 we don't know what it is so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00657-00137455-00137566 sick
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00658-00137567-00137843 in that third figure the rapti
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00659-00137844-00138199 philadelphs the tc and all these grand
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00660-00138200-00138463 latin names which are going to be valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00661-00138464-00138663 syllogisms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00662-00138664-00138766 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00663-00138767-00138983 followed by that we have kamini's
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00664-00138984-00139254 demoris
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00665-00139255-00139471 freshest on etcetera so this is not what
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00666-00139472-00139695 is of importance to us what is important
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00667-00139696-00139895 for us is you can come up with your own
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00668-00139896-00140039 mnemonic and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00669-00140040-00140143 but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00670-00140144-00140359 the idea here is is that we need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00671-00140360-00140575 focus on the ovals that exist in these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00672-00140576-00140766 latin words and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00673-00140767-00140839 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00674-00140840-00140919 they
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00675-00140920-00141063 they tell us
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00676-00141064-00141287 what kind of syllogism is valid in what
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00677-00141288-00141543 kind of figure and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00678-00141544-00141711 this poem we will analyze it little bit
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00679-00141712-00141799 later
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00680-00141800-00141951 but ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00681-00141952-00142151 so before that uh we are going to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00682-00142152-00142390 consider just for the sake of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00683-00142391-00142502 this thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00684-00142503-00142799 we will consider some examples ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00685-00142800-00143014 and then we will see whether this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00686-00143015-00143295 particular kind of syllogism is valid or
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00687-00143296-00143478 invalid with the help of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00688-00143479-00143687 this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00689-00143688-00143799 thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00690-00143800-00144151 for example if you have an argument like
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00691-00144152-00144439 this thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00692-00144440-00144590 no
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00693-00144591-00144759 b is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00694-00144760-00144854 a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00695-00144855-00145078 some examples we are trying to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00696-00145079-00145375 consider
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00697-00145376-00145639 no b is a the first one and the second
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00698-00145640-00145959 one is let us say all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00699-00145960-00146054 c
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00700-00146055-00146207 is b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00701-00146208-00146399 and then this is the third categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00702-00146400-00146695 proposition so that is no
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00703-00146696-00146943 c is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00704-00146944-00147111 so now suppose if you are given this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00705-00147112-00147335 particular kind of syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00706-00147336-00147502 how do we know that this is valid or
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00707-00147503-00147647 invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00708-00147648-00147799 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00709-00147800-00147926 um
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00710-00147927-00148111 the first thing which you need to note
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00711-00148112-00148319 is to identify the terms in this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00712-00148320-00148526 particular kind of syllogism so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00713-00148527-00148759 first come to the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00714-00148760-00148983 so that is the subject term of a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00715-00148984-00149102 conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00716-00149103-00149247 this is the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00717-00149248-00149478 the subject term is called as a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00718-00149479-00149599 term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00719-00149600-00149711 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00720-00149712-00149951 the predicate term of our conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00721-00149952-00150039 is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00722-00150040-00150231 major term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00723-00150232-00150447 and then whatever occurs twice in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00724-00150448-00150671 premises so that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00725-00150672-00150863 b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00726-00150864-00151095 so this is what is called as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00727-00151096-00151502 middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00728-00151503-00151639 this is the first one which we need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00729-00151640-00151751 identify
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00730-00151752-00152031 so whenever you find
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00731-00152032-00152231 a minor term in this premises that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00732-00152232-00152487 called as a minor premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00733-00152488-00152695 wherever you will see this major term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00734-00152696-00152911 the major term here is e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00735-00152912-00153095 so wherever you will see this major term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00736-00153096-00153366 that is called as a major premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00737-00153367-00153487 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00738-00153488-00153751 wherever you find the term a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00739-00153752-00153911 this is called as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00740-00153912-00154254 major premise because
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00741-00154255-00154526 you will find major terminology a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00742-00154527-00154847 and now this is called as minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00743-00154848-00155343 minor premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00744-00155344-00155526 so now there is a convention that in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00745-00155527-00155687 standard format
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00746-00155688-00155951 you always state the major premise first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00747-00155952-00156199 for example in a categorical proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00748-00156200-00156375 this comes first and all so you need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00749-00156376-00156526 change it to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00750-00156527-00156671 change to in this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00751-00156672-00156854 order based on
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00752-00156855-00157119 the middle the minor and major terms of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00753-00157120-00157375 your conclusion so this is in a standard
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00754-00157376-00157502 format only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00755-00157503-00157647 and this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00756-00157648-00157743 ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00757-00157744-00157966 so now the second one which you need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00758-00157967-00158047 note
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00759-00158048-00158190 is uh
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00760-00158191-00158447 this particular kind of thing so based
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00761-00158448-00158775 on how the middle term is distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00762-00158776-00159063 so we have this particular kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00763-00159064-00159423 so what we have said was
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00764-00159424-00159695 in the first figure figure 1
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00765-00159696-00159902 so the middle term is like this middle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00766-00159903-00160175 term occupies the subject position here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00767-00160176-00160302 and of course it does not matter whether
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00768-00160303-00160519 it is predicate or subject and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00769-00160520-00160614 mp
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00770-00160615-00160695 s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00771-00160696-00160863 m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00772-00160864-00160975 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00773-00160976-00161111 this is p
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00774-00161112-00161366 m ah s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00775-00161367-00161439 m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00776-00161440-00161895 figure number two
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00777-00161896-00162087 just to state it like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00778-00162088-00162263 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00779-00162264-00162431 so now middle term occupies the position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00780-00162432-00162711 of a predicated all so now the second
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00781-00162712-00163007 one is third one is mp
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00782-00163008-00163102 m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00783-00163103-00163175 s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00784-00163176-00163399 it occupies the position of subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00785-00163400-00163495 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00786-00163496-00163695 this is figure three
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00787-00163696-00163951 and figure four
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00788-00163952-00164119 figure 4
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00789-00164120-00164478 middle term is like this p m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00790-00164479-00164614 and m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00791-00164615-00164790 s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00792-00164791-00165031 so now there are some ways to remember
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00793-00165032-00165135 it in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00794-00165136-00165487 so this diagram goes like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00795-00165488-00165654 so this is where you have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00796-00165655-00165814 your middle terms are there in the first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00797-00165815-00165911 one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00798-00165912-00166023 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00799-00166024-00166423 middle term is here sorry
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00800-00166424-00166631 and then followed by that again
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00801-00166632-00166863 there is something
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00802-00166864-00166959 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00803-00166960-00167238 these two
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00804-00167239-00167335 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00805-00167336-00167463 of course
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00806-00167464-00167695 the middle term occupies this particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00807-00167696-00168102 kind of position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00808-00168103-00168431 so this is what is considered to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00809-00168432-00168599 the thing which you take into
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00810-00168600-00169278 consideration
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00811-00169279-00169359 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00812-00169360-00169511 this is a diagonal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00813-00169512-00169719 and this is go this goes like this and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00814-00169720-00169878 then you have middle term here and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00815-00169879-00169966 this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00816-00169967-00170135 and then followed by that you have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00817-00170136-00170454 another diagonal here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00818-00170455-00170678 so with the help of diagrams you can
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00819-00170679-00170902 also understand where the middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00820-00170903-00171063 distributed and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00821-00171064-00171351 so this goes like this diagram goes like
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00822-00171352-00171463 m m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00823-00171464-00171695 and then this is m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00824-00171696-00171895 m that is what we have done two lines in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00825-00171896-00172119 all first of all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00826-00172120-00172214 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00827-00172215-00172590 after that this goes like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00828-00172591-00172831 ok forget about this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00829-00172832-00173014 diagram now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00830-00173015-00173311 ah we need to find out what kind of mode
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00831-00173312-00173511 it this particular thing has
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00832-00173512-00173614 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00833-00173615-00173783 we have to identify the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00834-00173784-00174031 first middle term occupies this position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00835-00174032-00174278 and this one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00836-00174279-00174431 so now this is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00837-00174432-00174966 what is called as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00838-00174967-00175083 middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00839-00175084-00175335 is like this m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00840-00175336-00175823 and then is also here m
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00841-00175824-00176302 so that means ah it falls under
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00842-00176303-00176566 the figure one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00843-00176567-00176790 because the middle term occupies this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00844-00176791-00176990 position here and this one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00845-00176991-00177278 and of course in all these cases the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00846-00177279-00177487 conclusion is always
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00847-00177488-00177726 snp subject and predicated because each
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00848-00177727-00178014 sentence has obviously the subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00849-00178015-00178271 predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00850-00178272-00178543 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00851-00178544-00178814 this one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00852-00178815-00179014 csv no c c
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00853-00179015-00179238 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00854-00179239-00179438 this is ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00855-00179439-00179599 what is the preposition here this first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00856-00179600-00179895 of all this is an e proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00857-00179896-00180175 because no a no b's are a c no cats are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00858-00180176-00180438 dogs like that and then this is a e a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00859-00180439-00180583 preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00860-00180584-00180902 and again this is a e proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00861-00180903-00181102 so now the mood
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00862-00181103-00181335 mood of this thing is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00863-00181336-00181566 e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00864-00181567-00181790 and then we need to state whether it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00865-00181791-00182031 falls under figure 1 or figure 2 or
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00866-00182032-00182311 figure 3 or figure 4.
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00867-00182312-00182654 so e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00868-00182655-00183190 since the middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00869-00183191-00183366 middle term occupies
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00870-00183367-00183566 the subject position here and here in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00871-00183567-00183775 the in the case here it is a predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00872-00183776-00183935 position so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00873-00183936-00184143 it looks like that this is the thing in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00874-00184144-00184311 all e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00875-00184312-00184390 e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00876-00184391-00184519 one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00877-00184520-00184623 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00878-00184624-00184766 you will see here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00879-00184767-00185159 e a e one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00880-00185160-00185407 for example in the first figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00881-00185408-00185590 aaa
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00882-00185591-00186063 eae 1 that is obviously a valid kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00883-00186064-00186223 kind of argument and all this is what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00884-00186224-00186454 called a seller internal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00885-00186455-00186838 so as you clearly see that eae1
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00886-00186839-00187183 is a valid kind of argument
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00887-00187184-00187359 for example if you
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00888-00187360-00187590 change this thing into so that's why
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00889-00187591-00187766 this is what is called as valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00890-00187767-00188054 according to aristotle but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00891-00188055-00188271 we did not come to know how it is valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00892-00188272-00188487 and all for that we need to state rules
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00893-00188488-00188719 now a little bit later we will
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00894-00188720-00188975 state these rules and all in a minute
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00895-00188976-00189150 from now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00896-00189151-00189254 so this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00897-00189255-00189383 e a e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00898-00189384-00189647 1 will tell us the entire thing about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00899-00189648-00189935 this particular kind of silhouette
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00900-00189936-00190214 so e a e is a mode and then it falls
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00901-00190215-00190414 under figure number one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00902-00190415-00190687 as you have seen in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00903-00190688-00190902 thing aristotle makes this thing as a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00904-00190903-00191054 valid kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00905-00191055-00191254 syllabus for example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00906-00191255-00191383 for the sake of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00907-00191384-00191687 argument you try to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00908-00191688-00191950 change these particular kinds of things
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00909-00191951-00192311 the words here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00910-00192312-00192559 this you keep it like this only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00911-00192560-00192750 so instead of this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00912-00192751-00192999 say
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00913-00193000-00193175 c
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00914-00193176-00193263 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00915-00193264-00193478 b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00916-00193479-00193750 and a randomly you take into
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00917-00193751-00193950 consideration this one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00918-00193951-00194111 and of course this c should not come
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00919-00194112-00194231 here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00920-00194232-00194375 because middle term should not come in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00921-00194376-00194550 the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00922-00194551-00195111 now this is the one which you have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00923-00195112-00195319 so now we need to find out what is the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00924-00195320-00195550 major premise and what is the minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00925-00195551-00195823 premise etcetera
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00926-00195824-00195999 of course in this case
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00927-00196000-00196343 a is a major term and then b is a minor
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00928-00196344-00196423 term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00929-00196424-00196719 so whenever you have this minor term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00930-00196720-00196902 that is considered to be a minor premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00931-00196903-00197063 and whenever you have
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00932-00197064-00197319 this major term in the premises that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00933-00197320-00197575 proposition is called as a major premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00934-00197576-00197823 premise is called as a major premise so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00935-00197824-00198031 a occurs here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00936-00198032-00198166 so this is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00937-00198167-00198550 major premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00938-00198551-00198790 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00939-00198791-00199063 minor premise wherever it occurs is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00940-00199064-00199183 usually
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00941-00199184-00199831 called as a minor premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00942-00199832-00200119 so usually our convention is is that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00943-00200120-00200431 you state the major premise first and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00944-00200432-00200631 the minor frame is late
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00945-00200632-00200838 so now this is all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00946-00200839-00201135 c is a that is the first one we need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00947-00201136-00201431 rechange it a little bit and the second
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00948-00201432-00201607 one is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00949-00201608-00201711 no
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00950-00201712-00201887 c is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00951-00201888-00201966 b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00952-00201967-00202135 and then of course the conclusion is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00953-00202136-00202319 same that is no
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00954-00202320-00202535 b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00955-00202536-00202766 because this b c's is can be anything
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00956-00202767-00202935 donkey's cats or any other thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00957-00202936-00203095 anything you substituted
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00958-00203096-00203207 you will come to know whether it is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00959-00203208-00203463 valid or invalid kind of argument
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00960-00203464-00203607 when you have two premises in a false
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00961-00203608-00203847 conclusion obviously it is an invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00962-00203848-00204047 kind of argument we are trying to see
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00963-00204048-00204454 whether which figure it falls in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00964-00204455-00204671 so now we have this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00965-00204672-00204886 standard kind of format so now we need
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00966-00204887-00205175 to observe the middle term middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00967-00205176-00205423 is occupying the subject position here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00968-00205423-00205566 and then of course whether it is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00969-00205567-00205855 predicate or not it doesn't matter
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00970-00205856-00206014 and subject predicate is always going to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00971-00206015-00206255 be the conclusion and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00972-00206256-00206334 you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00973-00206335-00206551 this can be a subject term or it can be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00974-00206552-00206758 a predicate term and all so it does not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00975-00206759-00206910 matter much enough but we are interested
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00976-00206911-00207103 in how the middle term is distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00977-00207104-00207223 and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00978-00207223-00207382 and now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00979-00207383-00207551 middle term is occupying the subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00980-00207552-00207823 position in both the premises and all so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00981-00207823-00207951 now this is not the one which you are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00982-00207952-00208086 looking for this is also not the one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00983-00208087-00208214 because it occupied the predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00984-00208215-00208342 position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00985-00208344-00208527 and the one which you are looking for is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00986-00208528-00208631 resource
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00987-00208632-00208886 because this seems to be closer to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00988-00208887-00209110 this particular kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00989-00209111-00209319 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00990-00209319-00209494 of course this is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00991-00209496-00209646 minor term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00992-00209648-00209934 and this is a major term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00993-00209935-00210055 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00994-00210056-00210175 of course
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00995-00210176-00210382 now we have written it in order major
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00996-00210383-00210494 term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00997-00210496-00210751 major premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00998-00210752-00211342 and minor premise
-iwxKtBCtiQ-00999-00211344-00211694 major permission by my premise and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01000-00211696-00211927 of course so now we need to find out the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01001-00211928-00212142 mood of this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01002-00212144-00212223 thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01003-00212223-00212558 so now the first one is an a preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01004-00212559-00212791 all c's are a's etcetera and the second
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01005-00212792-00213039 one is no c c is b that is the e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01006-00213040-00213271 preposition these two are serving as
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01007-00213271-00213415 premises to us
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01008-00213416-00213542 and the third one is obviously the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01009-00213544-00213742 conclusion that is also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01010-00213744-00213903 e and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01011-00213904-00214215 so now the middle term is distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01012-00214216-00214455 like this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01013-00214456-00214703 and something else here some other term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01014-00214704-00214951 so this is closer to this particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01015-00214952-00215167 kind of thing m m and p s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01016-00215167-00215431 so now this is figure number
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01017-00215432-00215606 three
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01018-00215607-00215846 so now aristotle says that now we need
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01019-00215848-00216134 to look for whether a e e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01020-00216135-00216351 is going to be valid or not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01021-00216352-00216527 in the third figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01022-00216528-00216679 so now you will see here in the third
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01023-00216680-00216791 figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01024-00216792-00216879 only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01025-00216880-00217039 o a i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01026-00217040-00217294 e i o i a i
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01027-00217296-00217519 a these are going to be valid kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01028-00217519-00217639 forms now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01029-00217640-00217791 you do not find
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01030-00217792-00218055 a e e corresponding to figure 3 which is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01031-00218056-00218255 going to be valid and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01032-00218256-00218439 of course a e is valid in the fourth
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01033-00218440-00218639 figure but we are not getting that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01034-00218640-00218806 particular kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01035-00218807-00219023 the the one which we are having is ae
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01036-00219023-00219198 corresponding to the third figure based
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01037-00219200-00219519 on how the middle term is distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01038-00219519-00219751 so you will not find a e here so that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01039-00219752-00220023 why it is an invalid kind of argument
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01040-00220023-00220198 maybe you can look for the conditional
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01041-00220200-00220310 validity
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01042-00220311-00220734 you need to see whether the third figure
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01043-00220735-00221015 third figure also you will not find this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01044-00221016-00221206 particular kind of thing e kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01045-00221207-00221358 you find only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01046-00221359-00221663 ah a i e a o etcetera they are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01047-00221664-00221815 considered considered to be conditional
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01048-00221816-00221927 it is not even
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01049-00221928-00222134 conditionally also valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01050-00222135-00222255 i did not talk anything about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01051-00222256-00222423 conditional validity i will talk about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01052-00222423-00222694 it a little bit later when i talk about
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01053-00222696-00222927 existential import in a simple nutshell
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01054-00222928-00223134 at this moment conditional validity
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01055-00223135-00223279 means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01056-00223280-00223455 it presupposes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01057-00223456-00223679 that your sub for example in the first
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01058-00223680-00224055 case first figure aai and eao they are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01059-00224056-00224255 considered to be conditionally valid in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01060-00224256-00224391 the sense that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01061-00224392-00224646 the subject term is non-empty
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01062-00224648-00224887 so there miss there are some kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01063-00224888-00225023 subject terms which are actually
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01064-00225023-00225239 existing in the world and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01065-00225240-00225406 so in the same way
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01066-00225407-00225671 in the second figure aeo are considered
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01067-00225671-00225863 to be again conditionally varied again
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01068-00225864-00225967 based on
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01069-00225967-00226182 whether or not the subject term actually
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01070-00226183-00226351 exists that means whether or not it is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01071-00226352-00226615 empty or non empty you will you can
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01072-00226616-00226871 judge whether they are going to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01073-00226871-00227231 conditionally valid or not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01074-00227232-00227351 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01075-00227352-00227527 how do we know that these particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01076-00227528-00227831 kind of categorical syllogisms are valid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01077-00227832-00227971 and some particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01078-00227971-00228279 categoricalisms are invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01079-00228280-00228582 so aristotle has come up with five
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01080-00228583-00228775 interesting rules with which you can
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01081-00228776-00228994 judge whether or not the given
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01082-00228996-00229342 categoricalism is valid or invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01083-00229344-00229527 for all these things what what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01084-00229528-00229767 important here is to identify these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01085-00229767-00229967 terms in the syllogism first is the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01086-00229967-00230182 middle term of course the major term and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01087-00230183-00230487 the minor term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01088-00230488-00230598 so these are the things which you need
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01089-00230600-00230687 to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01090-00230688-00230894 identify and then you should ensure that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01091-00230896-00231063 your middle term does not occur in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01092-00231064-00231255 conclusion it occurs only in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01093-00231256-00231382 premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01094-00231383-00231775 it occurs twice in the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01095-00231776-00232015 so the first rule is is that the middle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01096-00232016-00232263 term of a valid syllogism is distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01097-00232264-00232567 at least once in the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01098-00232567-00232775 so for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01099-00232776-00232998 distribution we have come up with
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01100-00233000-00233198 one particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01101-00233200-00233319 mnemonic
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01102-00233319-00233479 so that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01103-00233480-00233694 like
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01104-00233696-00233806 any
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01105-00233807-00234239 student
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01106-00234240-00234415 earning
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01107-00234416-00234575 i am writing it in capital letters for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01108-00234576-00234767 the sake of identifying this particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01109-00234767-00234894 kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01110-00234896-00235279 ending
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01111-00235280-00235615 ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01112-00235616-00235734 b
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01113-00235735-00235982 b grade for example
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01114-00235983-00236110 b is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01115-00236111-00236342 not
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01116-00236344-00236431 on
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01117-00236432-00237151 probation
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01118-00237152-00237351 so before that we have another ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01119-00237352-00237519 mnemonic that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01120-00237519-00237679 a fir more
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01121-00237680-00237903 knee all these things are very important
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01122-00237904-00238119 and then we will use these things little
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01123-00238119-00238334 bit later that means universal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01124-00238335-00238510 prepositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01125-00238511-00238782 like a and i are affirmative
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01126-00238783-00238863 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01127-00238864-00239142 negative prepositions are e and o they
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01128-00239144-00239334 are considered to be negative kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01129-00239335-00239463 prepositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01130-00239464-00239639 so this is the one which is going to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01131-00239640-00239871 very important in all with this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01132-00239871-00240142 you can you can come to know what
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01133-00240144-00240582 ah what proposition is distributing what
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01134-00240583-00240719 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01135-00240719-00240855 ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01136-00240856-00241103 a preposition now we will write it here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01137-00241104-00241630 a preposition distributes subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01138-00241631-00241846 and whereas that means a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01139-00241848-00241991 distributes s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01140-00241992-00242246 and now e proposition distributes both
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01141-00242248-00242582 that is subject and predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01142-00242583-00242806 this is one way of remembering it in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01143-00242807-00243094 there is no standard rational kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01144-00243096-00243287 judgment you know just for the sake of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01145-00243288-00243446 remembering this thing we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01146-00243448-00243598 we are using this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01147-00243600-00243767 mnemonics you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01148-00243767-00243951 so e preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01149-00243952-00244223 distributes both that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01150-00244223-00244710 both subject and predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01151-00244711-00244951 and then
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01152-00244952-00245103 i proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01153-00245104-00245334 distributes neither high proposition in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01154-00245335-00245534 a sense some men are mortal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01155-00245535-00245606 some
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01156-00245607-00245887 x or y some cats are animals etcetera
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01157-00245888-00246055 i preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01158-00246056-00246246 distributes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01159-00246248-00246382 neither
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01160-00246383-00246598 that means neither subject nor predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01161-00246600-00246942 and then woh preposition in this case
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01162-00246944-00247182 distributes only predicate p stands for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01163-00247183-00247398 predicate and o stands for
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01164-00247400-00247882 o proportion distributes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01165-00247883-00248127 ready so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01166-00248128-00248294 you need to note that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01167-00248296-00248398 this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01168-00248400-00248558 whether or not this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01169-00248559-00248894 distribution is satisfactory or not is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01170-00248896-00249103 very difficult question to answer there
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01171-00249104-00249310 are some prepositions categorical
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01172-00249311-00249551 propositions in which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01173-00249552-00249687 for example it is a universal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01174-00249688-00249967 affirmative proposition a preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01175-00249967-00250063 all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01176-00250064-00250230 bachelors are unmarried people in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01177-00250231-00250439 for example if you say that thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01178-00250440-00250655 it appears to be the case that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01179-00250656-00250855 of course it's an a preposition it will
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01180-00250856-00251039 distribute subject only because
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01181-00251040-00251175 unmarried people
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01182-00251176-00251358 are referring to the whole of it is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01183-00251359-00251519 talking something about the whole class
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01184-00251519-00251679 of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01185-00251680-00251927 bachelors and all so it means s is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01186-00251928-00252246 distributed no doubt about it but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01187-00252248-00252430 unmarried people is nothing but
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01188-00252431-00252615 bachelors only so bachelors also seems
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01189-00252616-00252758 to be distributed to the whole of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01190-00252759-00253006 unmarried kind of people and all so it
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01191-00253007-00253119 appears to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01192-00253119-00253230 us that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01193-00253231-00253415 here both subject and predicate are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01194-00253416-00253646 distributed and all so this is what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01195-00253648-00253871 going to set some kind of limits to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01196-00253871-00254071 aristotle in theory of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01197-00254071-00254358 distribution or distribution of terms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01198-00254359-00254646 there are some cases in which
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01199-00254648-00254855 although it is an a preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01200-00254856-00255039 but it distributes both predicate and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01201-00255040-00255167 subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01202-00255167-00255319 so that is not what we are going to look
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01203-00255319-00255606 for but in the in most of the cases uh
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01204-00255607-00255823 what happens is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01205-00255823-00256142 a a preposition distributes s and e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01206-00256144-00256391 preposition distributes both subject and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01207-00256392-00256542 predicate i proposition distributes
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01208-00256544-00256742 neither of them whereas preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01209-00256744-00256903 distributes predicate that is what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01210-00256904-00257023 the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01211-00257023-00257263 actual standard theory of aristotle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01212-00257264-00257439 theory of syllogism
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01213-00257440-00257558 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01214-00257559-00257694 we apply this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01215-00257696-00257958 five different kind of rules to these
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01216-00257959-00258030 two
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01217-00258031-00258327 syllogisms and we will see
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01218-00258328-00258567 what syllabism is valid and what is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01219-00258567-00258815 invalid
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01220-00258816-00258991 so now the first rule
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01221-00258992-00259255 is this particular kind of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01222-00259256-00259646 distribution of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01223-00259648-00260246 of middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01224-00260248-00260471 so this is the first rule
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01225-00260471-00260615 so now we will look for this particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01226-00260616-00260775 kind of rules now there are five rules
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01227-00260776-00260991 which aristotle could come up with and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01228-00260992-00261158 based on that you can judge whether a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01229-00261159-00261406 given syllogism is valid or not so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01230-00261407-00261758 we are applying on these two
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01231-00261759-00262030 this is one and this is 2 which we
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01232-00262031-00262247 discussed it already but we are applying
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01233-00262248-00262406 these rules here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01234-00262407-00262630 so now coming back to this particular
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01235-00262631-00262743 kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01236-00262744-00262871 so now here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01237-00262872-00262991 the middle term first we need to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01238-00262992-00263399 identify these things middle term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01239-00263400-00263758 middle term is what c
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01240-00263759-00264279 and then ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01241-00264280-00264799 so the other terms are like this so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01242-00264800-00264991 have other terms a and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01243-00264992-00265143 b which you forget about it you know
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01244-00265144-00265319 whether it occupies the subject position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01245-00265320-00265471 or predicate position
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01246-00265472-00265639 based on that we have other terms
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01247-00265640-00265839 first you identify the middle terminal
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01248-00265840-00266030 so this rule says that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01249-00266031-00266247 the middle term should be distributed at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01250-00266248-00266495 least once in the premises and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01251-00266496-00266615 because middle term does not occur in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01252-00266616-00266767 the conclusion so there is no question
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01253-00266768-00266855 of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01254-00266856-00267071 distribution in the conclusion so the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01255-00267072-00267215 middle term should be distributed at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01256-00267216-00267406 least once in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01257-00267407-00267510 premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01258-00267511-00267655 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01259-00267656-00267830 so what is this preposition this is an e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01260-00267831-00268079 preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01261-00268080-00268206 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01262-00268207-00268471 e proposition distributes both subject
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01263-00268472-00268543 and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01264-00268544-00268743 predicate and all that means the middle
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01265-00268744-00268975 term is distributed here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01266-00268976-00269134 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01267-00269135-00269279 that means we have satisfied this
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01268-00269280-00269479 particular kind of criteria that a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01269-00269480-00269630 middle term should be distributed at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01270-00269631-00269839 least once in the premises and all so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01271-00269840-00270030 that is already satisfied in all of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01272-00270031-00270182 course you can look for another thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01273-00270183-00270679 you know all c's are a that means here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01274-00270680-00270855 c is the middle term and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01275-00270856-00270934 now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01276-00270935-00271223 if it is a subject a preposition a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01277-00271224-00271423 proposition distributes only
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01278-00271424-00271519 s
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01279-00271520-00271655 that means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01280-00271656-00271895 what is the subject term here c is a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01281-00271896-00272191 subject term so that so c is said to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01282-00272192-00272406 distributed here since it is a a
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01283-00272407-00272606 proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01284-00272607-00272734 a term
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01285-00272735-00272975 uh is said to be distributed if it is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01286-00272976-00273134 talking about something which is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01287-00273135-00273279 referring to the whole of that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01288-00273280-00273471 particular kind of class
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01289-00273472-00273671 which the term is referring to
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01290-00273672-00273879 so c is referring to and a is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01291-00273880-00274071 distributed to the whole of c and all so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01292-00274072-00274351 that is why c is said to be distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01293-00274352-00274527 suppose if it is partially distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01294-00274528-00274775 etcetera and all then that is said to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01295-00274776-00274991 non-distribution and all this is the one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01296-00274992-00275151 which we have explained it in the last
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01297-00275152-00275263 lecture
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01298-00275264-00275495 so now the first rule seems to be
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01299-00275496-00275695 satisfied because middle term is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01300-00275696-00275830 distributed at least once in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01301-00275831-00276063 premises all so it is distributed here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01302-00276064-00276206 and here also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01303-00276207-00276375 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01304-00276376-00276567 the second rule is is that
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01305-00276568-00276815 no term is distributed in the conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01306-00276816-00277023 which is not distributed in the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01307-00277024-00277334 at all so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01308-00277335-00277630 here ah b is the term and then a is the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01309-00277631-00277823 term which you are seeing it in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01310-00277824-00277967 conclusion
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01311-00277968-00278119 so no term is distributed in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01312-00278120-00278303 conclusion which is not distributed in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01313-00278304-00278430 the premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01314-00278431-00278582 if that means if it is distributed in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01315-00278583-00278734 the conclusion it has to be distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01316-00278735-00278919 in the premises as well
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01317-00278920-00279271 so now this is a e proposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01318-00279272-00279375 that means
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01319-00279376-00279471 both
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01320-00279472-00279630 both terms both subject and predicate
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01321-00279631-00279839 terms are distributed enough
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01322-00279840-00280030 that means b is distributed and e a is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01323-00280031-00280255 also distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01324-00280256-00280463 so
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01325-00280464-00280639 so now
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01326-00280640-00280830 that means in the premises at least
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01327-00280831-00281047 these two terms i mean at least one of
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01328-00281048-00281167 these things should be distributed at
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01329-00281168-00281327 least once in all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01330-00281328-00281575 so now here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01331-00281576-00281775 in this case
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01332-00281776-00281943 once again
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01333-00281944-00282191 so in this particular kind of thing
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01334-00282192-00282391 so no c is b again it is an e
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01335-00282392-00282687 proposition it distributes both of them
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01336-00282688-00282999 so that means b is also distributed
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01337-00283000-00283134 so con
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01338-00283135-00283534 distribution
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01339-00283535-00284063 conclusion and remissions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01340-00284064-00284310 so if your term is distributed in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01341-00284311-00284454 conclusion it has to be distributed in
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01342-00284455-00284654 the premises also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01343-00284655-00284815 at least once and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01344-00284816-00285023 so that means b is here and you are
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01345-00285024-00285279 distributed and all so this rule is also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01346-00285280-00285454 satisfied and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01347-00285455-00285695 and there are some other kinds of rules
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01348-00285696-00286006 which we need to look for so that is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01349-00286007-00286158 ah
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01350-00286159-00286399 if
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01351-00286400-00286671 any valid syllogism has one positive and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01352-00286672-00286839 one negative premium
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01353-00286840-00286951 premises
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01354-00286952-00287230 then its conclusion is negative enough
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01355-00287231-00287367 so here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01356-00287368-00287527 at least one negative proposition is
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01357-00287528-00287767 there here so this because
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01358-00287768-00288039 a and i prepositions are affirmative and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01359-00288040-00288215 a e and
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01360-00288216-00288510 e and o are negative propositions
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01361-00288511-00288710 so you find one negative preposition
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01362-00288711-00288927 here that means your conclusion also
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01363-00288928-00289134 should be negative and all
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01364-00289135-00289334 in the same way vice versa also the same
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01365-00289335-00289534 thing suppose if you find a negative
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01366-00289535-00289734 kind of conclusion here
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01367-00289735-00289958 then you should have at least one
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01368-00289959-00290158 negative kind of prepositions in the
-iwxKtBCtiQ-01370-00293520-00293728 you
_1WgdogypP0-00000-00000053-00000332 a reduced instruction set computer or
_1WgdogypP0-00001-00000333-00000563 risk is one whose instruction set
_1WgdogypP0-00002-00000564-00000821 architecture ISA allows it to have fewer
_1WgdogypP0-00003-00000822-00001106 cycles per instruction CPI than a
_1WgdogypP0-00004-00001107-00001489 complex instruction set computer CISC
_1WgdogypP0-00005-00001490-00001702 various suggestions have been made
_1WgdogypP0-00006-00001703-00001946 regarding a precise definition of risk
_1WgdogypP0-00007-00001947-00002185 but the general concept is that such a
_1WgdogypP0-00008-00002186-00002426 computer has a small set of simple and
_1WgdogypP0-00009-00002427-00002645 general instructions rather than a large
_1WgdogypP0-00010-00002646-00002846 set of complex and specialized
_1WgdogypP0-00011-00002847-00003164 instructions for this reason risk is
_1WgdogypP0-00012-00003165-00003377 sometimes given the backronym relegate
_1WgdogypP0-00013-00003378-00003586 interesting stuff to the compiler
_1WgdogypP0-00014-00003586-00003859 another common risk trait is their load
_1WgdogypP0-00015-00003860-00004105 store architecture in which memory is
_1WgdogypP0-00016-00004106-00004327 accessed through specific instructions
_1WgdogypP0-00017-00004328-00004466 rather than as a part of most
_1WgdogypP0-00018-00004467-00004775 instructions although a number of
_1WgdogypP0-00019-00004776-00005077 computers from the 1960s and 70s have
_1WgdogypP0-00020-00005078-00005311 been identified as forerunners of our is
_1WgdogypP0-00021-00005312-00005653 CS the modern concept dates to the 1980s
_1WgdogypP0-00022-00005654-00006019 in particular two projects at Stanford
_1WgdogypP0-00023-00006020-00006200 University and the University of
_1WgdogypP0-00024-00006201-00006434 California Berkeley are most associated
_1WgdogypP0-00025-00006434-00006784 with the popularization of this concept
_1WgdogypP0-00026-00006784-00007001 Stanford's MIPS would go on to be
_1WgdogypP0-00027-00007002-00007202 commercialized as the successful MIPS
_1WgdogypP0-00028-00007203-00007442 architecture while Berkeley's RISC gave
_1WgdogypP0-00029-00007443-00007673 its name to the entire concept and was
_1WgdogypP0-00030-00007673-00007955 commercialized as the SPARC another
_1WgdogypP0-00031-00007956-00008222 success from this era was IBM's effort
_1WgdogypP0-00032-00008223-00008390 that eventually led to the power
_1WgdogypP0-00033-00008391-00008750 architecture as these projects matured a
_1WgdogypP0-00034-00008751-00008951 wide variety of similar designs
_1WgdogypP0-00035-00008952-00009176 flourished in the late 1980s and
_1WgdogypP0-00036-00009177-00009470 especially the early 1990s representing
_1WgdogypP0-00037-00009471-00009707 a major force in the UNIX workstation
_1WgdogypP0-00038-00009708-00009863 market as well as for embedded
_1WgdogypP0-00039-00009864-00010127 processors in laser printers routers and
_1WgdogypP0-00040-00010128-00010472 similar products the many varieties of
_1WgdogypP0-00041-00010473-00010871 RISC designs include arc alpha M 29,000
_1WgdogypP0-00042-00010872-00010922 arm
_1WgdogypP0-00043-00010923-00011591 Atmel AVR Blackfin eye 860 960 m 88,000
_1WgdogypP0-00044-00011592-00011759 mips pa-risc
_1WgdogypP0-00045-00011760-00012179 power isa including poe RPC RISC V super
_1WgdogypP0-00046-00012180-00012581 and SPARC in the 21st century the use of
_1WgdogypP0-00047-00012582-00012767 ARM architecture processors in
_1WgdogypP0-00048-00012768-00012994 smartphones and tablet computers such as
_1WgdogypP0-00049-00012995-00013264 the iPad and Android devices provided a
_1WgdogypP0-00050-00013265-00013421 wide user base for
_1WgdogypP0-00051-00013422-00013744 based systems risk processors are also
_1WgdogypP0-00052-00013746-00013997 used in supercomputers such as summit
_1WgdogypP0-00053-00013997-00014306 which as of November 2018 is the world's
_1WgdogypP0-00054-00014307-00014544 fastest supercomputer as ranked by the
_1WgdogypP0-00055-00014546-00015266 top500 project
_1WgdogypP0-00056-00015266-00015902 topic history and development
_1WgdogypP0-00057-00015903-00016283 Alan Turing's 1946 automatic computing
_1WgdogypP0-00058-00016284-00016490 engine ace design had many of the
_1WgdogypP0-00059-00016491-00016756 characteristics of a RISC architecture a
_1WgdogypP0-00060-00016757-00017024 number of systems going back to the
_1WgdogypP0-00061-00017025-00017291 1960s have been credited as the first
_1WgdogypP0-00062-00017292-00017534 RISC architecture partly based on their
_1WgdogypP0-00063-00017535-00017873 use of load/store approach the term risk
_1WgdogypP0-00064-00017874-00018083 was coined by David Patterson of the
_1WgdogypP0-00065-00018084-00018311 berkeley risc project although somewhat
_1WgdogypP0-00066-00018312-00018566 similar concepts had appeared before the
_1WgdogypP0-00067-00018567-00019003 cdc 6600 designed by Seymour Cray in
_1WgdogypP0-00068-00019004-00019328 1964 used a load store architecture with
_1WgdogypP0-00069-00019329-00019574 only two addressing modes register plus
_1WgdogypP0-00070-00019575-00019796 register and register plus immediate
_1WgdogypP0-00071-00019797-00020117 constant and 74 operation codes with the
_1WgdogypP0-00072-00020118-00020399 basic clock cycle being ten times faster
_1WgdogypP0-00073-00020400-00020699 than the memory access time partly due
_1WgdogypP0-00074-00020700-00020869 to the optimized load store architecture
_1WgdogypP0-00075-00020870-00021380 of the cdc 6600 jack Tenggara says that
_1WgdogypP0-00076-00021381-00021542 it can be considered a forerunner of
_1WgdogypP0-00077-00021543-00021779 modern RISC systems although a number of
_1WgdogypP0-00078-00021780-00021997 other technical barriers needed to be
_1WgdogypP0-00079-00021998-00022193 overcome for the development of a modern
_1WgdogypP0-00080-00022194-00022574 RISC system Michael J Flynn views the
_1WgdogypP0-00081-00022575-00022900 first risk system as the IBM 801 design
_1WgdogypP0-00082-00022901-00023275 which began in 1975 by John Kok and was
_1WgdogypP0-00083-00023276-00023705 completed in 1980 the 801 was eventually
_1WgdogypP0-00084-00023706-00023918 produced in a single chip form as the
_1WgdogypP0-00085-00023919-00024215 rump in 1981 which stood for research
_1WgdogypP0-00086-00024216-00024487 OPD office products division
_1WgdogypP0-00087-00024488-00024675 microprocessor
_1WgdogypP0-00088-00024676-00024966 as the name implies this CPU was
_1WgdogypP0-00089-00024967-00025328 designed for many tasks and was also
_1WgdogypP0-00090-00025329-00025721 used in the IBM RT PC in 1986 which
_1WgdogypP0-00091-00025722-00025931 turned out to be a commercial failure
_1WgdogypP0-00092-00025932-00026280 but the 801 inspired several research
_1WgdogypP0-00093-00026281-00026562 projects including new ones at IBM that
_1WgdogypP0-00094-00026563-00026775 would eventually lead to the IBM power
_1WgdogypP0-00095-00026776-00027018 instruction set architecture the most
_1WgdogypP0-00096-00027019-00027261 public RISC designs however were the
_1WgdogypP0-00097-00027262-00027501 results of university research programs
_1WgdogypP0-00098-00027502-00027740 run with funding from the DARPA VLSI
_1WgdogypP0-00099-00027741-00028115 program the VLSI program practically
_1WgdogypP0-00100-00028116-00028340 unknown today led to a huge number of
_1WgdogypP0-00101-00028341-00028629 advances in chip design fabrication and
_1WgdogypP0-00102-00028630-00028950 even computer graphics the berkeley risc
_1WgdogypP0-00103-00028951-00029232 project started in 1980 under the
_1WgdogypP0-00104-00029233-00029483 direction of David Patterson and Carlo H
_1WgdogypP0-00105-00029485-00029714 sequin berkeley risc was based on
_1WgdogypP0-00106-00029716-00029889 gaining performance through the use of
_1WgdogypP0-00107-00029889-00030105 pipelining and an aggressive use of a
_1WgdogypP0-00108-00030106-00030393 technique known as register windowing in
_1WgdogypP0-00109-00030394-00030702 a traditional CPU one has a small number
_1WgdogypP0-00110-00030702-00030954 of registers and a program can use any
_1WgdogypP0-00111-00030955-00031295 register at any time in a CPU with
_1WgdogypP0-00112-00031297-00031500 register windows there are a huge number
_1WgdogypP0-00113-00031501-00031937 of registers eg 128 but programs can
_1WgdogypP0-00114-00031938-00032217 only use a small number of them eg 8 at
_1WgdogypP0-00115-00032218-00032529 any one time a program that limits
_1WgdogypP0-00116-00032530-00032742 itself to eight registers per procedure
_1WgdogypP0-00117-00032743-00033024 can make very fast procedure calls the
_1WgdogypP0-00118-00033025-00033351 call simply moves the window down by
_1WgdogypP0-00119-00033352-00033582 eight to the set of eight registers used
_1WgdogypP0-00120-00033583-00033801 by that procedure and the return moves
_1WgdogypP0-00121-00033802-00034052 the window back the berkeley risc
_1WgdogypP0-00122-00034053-00034326 project delivered the risk i processor
_1WgdogypP0-00123-00034327-00034695 in 1982 consisting of only forty four
_1WgdogypP0-00124-00034696-00034946 thousand four hundred twenty transistors
_1WgdogypP0-00125-00034947-00035193 compared with averages of about 100
_1WgdogypP0-00126-00035194-00035454 thousand in newer CISC designs of the
_1WgdogypP0-00127-00035455-00035760 era risk I had only 32 instructions and
_1WgdogypP0-00128-00035761-00035964 yet completely outperformed any other
_1WgdogypP0-00129-00035965-00036264 single chip design they followed this up
_1WgdogypP0-00130-00036265-00036657 with the 40,000 760 transistor 39
_1WgdogypP0-00131-00036658-00036996 instruction risk - in 1983 which ran
_1WgdogypP0-00132-00036997-00037257 over three times as fast as RISC I the
_1WgdogypP0-00133-00037258-00037452 MIPS project grew out of a graduate
_1WgdogypP0-00134-00037453-00037707 course by John L Hennessy at Stanford
_1WgdogypP0-00135-00037708-00037998 University in 1981 resulted in a
_1WgdogypP0-00136-00037999-00038057 function
_1WgdogypP0-00137-00038058-00038348 system in 1983 and could run simple
_1WgdogypP0-00138-00038349-00038705 programs by 1984 the MIPS approach
_1WgdogypP0-00139-00038706-00038954 emphasized an aggressive clock cycle and
_1WgdogypP0-00140-00038955-00039167 the use of the pipeline making sure it
_1WgdogypP0-00141-00039168-00039476 could be run as full as possible
_1WgdogypP0-00142-00039477-00039712 the MIPS system was followed by the mips
_1WgdogypP0-00143-00039713-00039980 X and in 1984 Hennessy and his
_1WgdogypP0-00144-00039981-00040230 colleagues formed MIPS computer systems
_1WgdogypP0-00145-00040231-00040532 the commercial venture resulted in a new
_1WgdogypP0-00146-00040533-00040754 architecture that was also called MIPS
_1WgdogypP0-00147-00040755-00041117 and the art 2000 microprocessor in 1985
_1WgdogypP0-00148-00041118-00041492 in the early 1980s significant
_1WgdogypP0-00149-00041493-00041654 uncertainties surrounded the RISC
_1WgdogypP0-00150-00041655-00041899 concept and it was uncertain if it could
_1WgdogypP0-00151-00041900-00042089 have a commercial future but by the
_1WgdogypP0-00152-00042090-00042352 mid-1980s the concepts had matured
_1WgdogypP0-00153-00042353-00042564 enough to be seen as commercially viable
_1WgdogypP0-00154-00042565-00042995 in 1986 hewlett-packard started using an
_1WgdogypP0-00155-00042996-00043246 early implementation of their pa-risc in
_1WgdogypP0-00156-00043247-00043511 some of their computers in the meantime
_1WgdogypP0-00157-00043512-00043777 the berkeley risc effort had become so
_1WgdogypP0-00158-00043778-00043964 well known that it eventually became the
_1WgdogypP0-00159-00043965-00044273 name for the entire concept and in 1987
_1WgdogypP0-00160-00044274-00044501 Sunday Microsystems began shipping
_1WgdogypP0-00161-00044502-00044708 systems with the SPARC processor
_1WgdogypP0-00162-00044709-00044939 directly based on the Berkeley RISC 2
_1WgdogypP0-00163-00044940-00045182 system the US government Committee on
_1WgdogypP0-00164-00045183-00045349 innovations in computing and
_1WgdogypP0-00165-00045350-00045586 communications credits the acceptance of
_1WgdogypP0-00166-00045587-00045820 the viability of the RISC concept to the
_1WgdogypP0-00167-00045821-00046132 success of the SPARC system the success
_1WgdogypP0-00168-00046133-00046333 of SPARC renewed interest within IBM
_1WgdogypP0-00169-00046334-00046693 which released new RISC systems by 1990
_1WgdogypP0-00170-00046694-00046979 and by 1995 RISC processors were the
_1WgdogypP0-00171-00046980-00047168 foundation of a 15 billion dollars
_1WgdogypP0-00172-00047169-00047437 server industry since 2010 a new
_1WgdogypP0-00173-00047438-00047701 open-source instruction set architecture
_1WgdogypP0-00174-00047702-00048020 ISA RISC V has been under development at
_1WgdogypP0-00175-00048021-00048262 the University of California Berkeley
_1WgdogypP0-00176-00048263-00048473 for research purposes and as a free
_1WgdogypP0-00177-00048474-00048860 alternative to proprietary ISAs as of
_1WgdogypP0-00178-00048861-00049214 2014 version 2 of the userspace ISA is
_1WgdogypP0-00179-00049215-00049505 fixed the ISA is designed to be
_1WgdogypP0-00180-00049506-00049699 extensible from a bare-bones core
_1WgdogypP0-00181-00049700-00049864 sufficient for a small embedded
_1WgdogypP0-00182-00049865-00050105 processor to supercomputer and cloud
_1WgdogypP0-00183-00050106-00050318 computing use with standard and chip
_1WgdogypP0-00184-00050319-00050518 designer defined extensions and
_1WgdogypP0-00185-00050519-00050824 coprocessors it has been tested in
_1WgdogypP0-00186-00050825-00051118 silicon design with the rocket SOC which
_1WgdogypP0-00187-00051119-00051301 is also available as an open-source
_1WgdogypP0-00188-00051302-00051438 processor Jena
_1WgdogypP0-00189-00051439-00052099 Raider in the chisel language
_1WgdogypP0-00190-00052100-00052412 topic characteristics and design
_1WgdogypP0-00191-00052413-00053176 philosophy
_1WgdogypP0-00192-00053177-00053841 topic instruction set philosophy
_1WgdogypP0-00193-00053841-00054091 a common misunderstanding of the phrase
_1WgdogypP0-00194-00054092-00054486 reduced instruction set computer is the
_1WgdogypP0-00195-00054487-00054704 mistaken idea that instructions are
_1WgdogypP0-00196-00054705-00054941 simply eliminated resulting in a smaller
_1WgdogypP0-00197-00054942-00055304 set of instructions in fact over the
_1WgdogypP0-00198-00055305-00055557 years RISC instruction sets have grown
_1WgdogypP0-00199-00055558-00055776 in size and today many of them have a
_1WgdogypP0-00200-00055777-00055983 larger set of instructions than many
_1WgdogypP0-00201-00055984-00056433 CISC CPUs some RISC processors such as
_1WgdogypP0-00202-00056434-00056700 the Poe RPC have instruction sets as
_1WgdogypP0-00203-00056701-00057129 large as the CISC IBM system/370 for
_1WgdogypP0-00204-00057129-00057729 example conversely the Dec PDP is C CPU
_1WgdogypP0-00205-00057729-00057945 because many of its instructions involve
_1WgdogypP0-00206-00057946-00058254 multiple memory accesses has only eight
_1WgdogypP0-00207-00058254-00058494 basic instructions and a few extended
_1WgdogypP0-00208-00058495-00058955 instructions the term reduced in that
_1WgdogypP0-00209-00058957-00059178 phrase was intended to describe the fact
_1WgdogypP0-00210-00059179-00059364 that the amount of work any single
_1WgdogypP0-00211-00059365-00059586 instruction accomplishes is reduced at
_1WgdogypP0-00212-00059587-00059958 most a single data memory cycle compared
_1WgdogypP0-00213-00059959-00060467 to the complex instructions of CISC CPUs
_1WgdogypP0-00214-00060469-00060687 that may require dozens of data memory
_1WgdogypP0-00215-00060688-00060924 cycles in order to execute a single
_1WgdogypP0-00216-00060925-00061236 instruction in particular RISC
_1WgdogypP0-00217-00061237-00061446 processors typically have separate
_1WgdogypP0-00218-00061447-00061647 instructions for i/o and data processing
_1WgdogypP0-00219-00061648-00061929 the term load store architecture is
_1WgdogypP0-00220-00061929-00062524 sometimes preferred
_1WgdogypP0-00221-00062525-00063130 topic instruction format
_1WgdogypP0-00222-00063132-00063325 most risk architectures have
_1WgdogypP0-00223-00063326-00063616 fixed-length instructions commonly 32
_1WgdogypP0-00224-00063617-00063829 bits and a simple encoding which
_1WgdogypP0-00225-00063830-00064126 simplifies fetch decode and issue logic
_1WgdogypP0-00226-00064127-00064478 considerably one drawback of 32-bit
_1WgdogypP0-00227-00064479-00064705 instructions as reduced code density
_1WgdogypP0-00228-00064707-00064949 which is more adversity rista kin
_1WgdogypP0-00229-00064950-00065129 embedded computing than it is in the
_1WgdogypP0-00230-00065129-00065341 workstation and server markets RISC
_1WgdogypP0-00231-00065342-00065528 architectures were originally designed
_1WgdogypP0-00232-00065529-00065880 to serve to address this problem several
_1WgdogypP0-00233-00065881-00066218 architectures such as arm power ISA MIPS
_1WgdogypP0-00234-00066219-00066530 RISC V and the adaptive epiphany have an
_1WgdogypP0-00235-00066531-00066700 optional short feature reduced
_1WgdogypP0-00236-00066701-00066911 instruction format or instruction
_1WgdogypP0-00237-00066912-00067300 compression feature the sh5 also follows
_1WgdogypP0-00238-00067301-00067529 this pattern albeit having evolved in
_1WgdogypP0-00239-00067530-00067732 the opposite direction having added
_1WgdogypP0-00240-00067733-00067951 longer media instructions to an original
_1WgdogypP0-00241-00067952-00068602 16-bit encoding
_1WgdogypP0-00242-00068603-00069232 topic Hardware utilization
_1WgdogypP0-00243-00069233-00069451 for any given level of general
_1WgdogypP0-00244-00069452-00069676 performance a risk chip will typically
_1WgdogypP0-00245-00069677-00069940 have far fewer transistors dedicated to
_1WgdogypP0-00246-00069941-00070150 the core logic which originally allowed
_1WgdogypP0-00247-00070151-00070360 designers to increase the size of the
_1WgdogypP0-00248-00070361-00070552 register set and increase internal
_1WgdogypP0-00249-00070553-00070876 parallelism other features that are
_1WgdogypP0-00250-00070877-00071098 typically found in RISC architectures
_1WgdogypP0-00251-00071099-00071422 are processor average throughput nears
_1WgdogypP0-00252-00071423-00071764 one instruction per cycle uniform
_1WgdogypP0-00253-00071765-00072001 instruction format using single word
_1WgdogypP0-00254-00072002-00072166 with the opcode in the same bit
_1WgdogypP0-00255-00072167-00072459 positions for simpler decoding all
_1WgdogypP0-00256-00072460-00072703 general-purpose registers can be used
_1WgdogypP0-00257-00072704-00072931 equally as source destination in all
_1WgdogypP0-00258-00072932-00073210 instructions simplifying compiler design
_1WgdogypP0-00259-00073211-00073447 floating-point registers are often kept
_1WgdogypP0-00260-00073448-00073780 separate simple addressing modes with
_1WgdogypP0-00261-00073781-00073963 complex addressing performed by
_1WgdogypP0-00262-00073964-00074347 instruction sequences few data types in
_1WgdogypP0-00263-00074348-00074653 Hardware no byte string or BCD for
_1WgdogypP0-00264-00074654-00074884 example RISC designs are also more
_1WgdogypP0-00265-00074885-00075112 likely to feature a Harvard memory model
_1WgdogypP0-00266-00075113-00075295 where the instruction stream and the
_1WgdogypP0-00267-00075296-00075535 data stream are conceptually separated
_1WgdogypP0-00268-00075536-00075733 this means that modifying the memory
_1WgdogypP0-00269-00075734-00075934 where code is held might not have any
_1WgdogypP0-00270-00075935-00076168 effect on the instructions executed by
_1WgdogypP0-00271-00076169-00076411 the processor because the CPU has a
_1WgdogypP0-00272-00076412-00076642 separate instruction and data cache at
_1WgdogypP0-00273-00076643-00076879 least until a special synchronization
_1WgdogypP0-00274-00076880-00077203 instruction is issued on the upside this
_1WgdogypP0-00275-00077204-00077410 allows both caches to be accessed
_1WgdogypP0-00276-00077411-00077659 simultaneously which can often improve
_1WgdogypP0-00277-00077660-00077790 performance
_1WgdogypP0-00278-00077791-00078112 many early RISC designs also shared the
_1WgdogypP0-00279-00078113-00078319 characteristic of having a branch delay
_1WgdogypP0-00280-00078320-00078631 slot a branch delay slot as an
_1WgdogypP0-00281-00078632-00078847 instruction space immediately following
_1WgdogypP0-00282-00078848-00079180 a jump or branch the instruction in this
_1WgdogypP0-00283-00079181-00079411 space is executed whether or not the
_1WgdogypP0-00284-00079412-00079603 branch is taken in other words the
_1WgdogypP0-00285-00079604-00079867 effect of the branch is delayed this
_1WgdogypP0-00286-00079868-00080131 instruction keeps the Allu of the CPU
_1WgdogypP0-00287-00080132-00080353 busy for the extra time normally needed
_1WgdogypP0-00288-00080354-00080677 to perform a branch nowadays the branch
_1WgdogypP0-00289-00080678-00080923 delay slot is considered an unfortunate
_1WgdogypP0-00290-00080924-00081172 side-effect of a particular strategy for
_1WgdogypP0-00291-00081173-00081364 implementing some RISC designs and
_1WgdogypP0-00292-00081365-00081592 modern RISC designs generally do away
_1WgdogypP0-00293-00081593-00081883 with it such as Poe RPC and more recent
_1WgdogypP0-00294-00081884-00082147 versions of spark and MIPS some aspects
_1WgdogypP0-00295-00082148-00082345 attributed to the first RISC label
_1WgdogypP0-00296-00082346-00082624 designs around 1975 include the
_1WgdogypP0-00297-00082625-00082846 observations that the memory restricted
_1WgdogypP0-00298-00082847-00083047 compilers of the time were often unable
_1WgdogypP0-00299-00083048-00083272 to take advantage of features intended
_1WgdogypP0-00300-00083273-00083521 to facilitate manual assembly coding and
_1WgdogypP0-00301-00083522-00083764 that complex addressing modes take many
_1WgdogypP0-00302-00083765-00083980 cycles to perform due to the required
_1WgdogypP0-00303-00083981-00084121 additional memory
_1WgdogypP0-00304-00084122-00084442 says it was argued that such functions
_1WgdogypP0-00305-00084443-00084652 would be better performed by sequences
_1WgdogypP0-00306-00084653-00084850 of simpler instructions if this could
_1WgdogypP0-00307-00084851-00085063 yield implementations small enough to
_1WgdogypP0-00308-00085064-00085300 leave room for many registers reducing
_1WgdogypP0-00309-00085301-00085540 the number of slow memory accesses in
_1WgdogypP0-00310-00085541-00085834 these simple designs most instructions
_1WgdogypP0-00311-00085835-00086038 are of uniform length and similar
_1WgdogypP0-00312-00086039-00086269 structure arithmetic operations are
_1WgdogypP0-00313-00086270-00086533 restricted to CPU registers and only
_1WgdogypP0-00314-00086534-00086685 separate load and store instructions
_1WgdogypP0-00315-00086686-00087076 access memory these properties enable a
_1WgdogypP0-00316-00087077-00087316 better balancing of pipeline stages than
_1WgdogypP0-00317-00087317-00087505 before making RISC pipelines
_1WgdogypP0-00318-00087506-00087688 significantly more efficient and
_1WgdogypP0-00319-00087689-00088039 allowing higher clock frequencies in the
_1WgdogypP0-00320-00088040-00088221 early days of the computer industry
_1WgdogypP0-00321-00088222-00088438 programming was done in assembly
_1WgdogypP0-00322-00088439-00088621 language or machine code which
_1WgdogypP0-00323-00088622-00088801 encouraged powerful and easy-to-use
_1WgdogypP0-00324-00088802-00089212 instructions CPU designers therefore
_1WgdogypP0-00325-00089213-00089413 tried to make instructions that would do
_1WgdogypP0-00326-00089414-00089716 as much work as feasible with the advent
_1WgdogypP0-00327-00089717-00089947 of higher-level languages computer
_1WgdogypP0-00328-00089948-00090148 architects also started to create
_1WgdogypP0-00329-00090149-00090355 dedicated instructions to directly
_1WgdogypP0-00330-00090356-00090586 implement certain central mechanisms of
_1WgdogypP0-00331-00090587-00090925 such languages another general goal was
_1WgdogypP0-00332-00090926-00091129 to provide every possible addressing
_1WgdogypP0-00333-00091130-00091333 mode for every instruction known as
_1WgdogypP0-00334-00091334-00091555 orthogonality to ease compiler
_1WgdogypP0-00335-00091556-00091885 implementation arithmetic operations
_1WgdogypP0-00336-00091886-00092077 could therefore often have results as
_1WgdogypP0-00337-00092078-00092311 well as operands directly in memory in
_1WgdogypP0-00338-00092312-00092665 addition to register or immediate
_1WgdogypP0-00339-00092666-00092872 the attitude at the time was that
_1WgdogypP0-00340-00092873-00093082 hardware design was more mature than
_1WgdogypP0-00341-00093083-00093310 compiler design so this was in itself
_1WgdogypP0-00342-00093311-00093532 also a reason to implement parts of the
_1WgdogypP0-00343-00093533-00093772 functionality in hardware or micro code
_1WgdogypP0-00344-00093773-00093946 rather than in a memory constrained
_1WgdogypP0-00345-00093947-00094236 compiler or it's generated code alone
_1WgdogypP0-00346-00094237-00094564 after the advent of risk this philosophy
_1WgdogypP0-00347-00094565-00094807 became retro actively known as complex
_1WgdogypP0-00348-00094808-00095305 instruction set computing or CISC CPUs
_1WgdogypP0-00349-00095306-00095566 also had relatively few registers for
_1WgdogypP0-00350-00095567-00095914 several reasons more registers also
_1WgdogypP0-00351-00095915-00096154 implies more time consuming saving and
_1WgdogypP0-00352-00096155-00096355 restoring of register contents on the
_1WgdogypP0-00353-00096356-00096661 machine stack a large number of
_1WgdogypP0-00354-00096662-00096886 registers requires a large number of
_1WgdogypP0-00355-00096887-00097132 instruction bits as register specifiers
_1WgdogypP0-00356-00097133-00097573 meaning less dense code see below CPU
_1WgdogypP0-00357-00097574-00097759 registers are more expensive than
_1WgdogypP0-00358-00097760-00098044 external memory locations large register
_1WgdogypP0-00359-00098045-00098224 sets were cumbersome with limited
_1WgdogypP0-00360-00098225-00098443 circuit boards or chip integration an
_1WgdogypP0-00361-00098444-00098680 important force encouraging complexity
_1WgdogypP0-00362-00098681-00098902 was very limited main memories on the
_1WgdogypP0-00363-00098903-00099181 order of kilobytes it was therefore
_1WgdogypP0-00364-00099182-00099472 advantageous for the code density the
_1WgdogypP0-00365-00099473-00099706 density of information held in computer
_1WgdogypP0-00366-00099707-00100003 programs to be high leading to features
_1WgdogypP0-00367-00100004-00100240 such as highly encoded variable length
_1WgdogypP0-00368-00100241-00100489 instructions doing data loading as well
_1WgdogypP0-00369-00100490-00100813 as calculation as mentioned above these
_1WgdogypP0-00370-00100814-00101029 issues were of higher priority than the
_1WgdogypP0-00371-00101030-00101325 ease of decoding such instructions an
_1WgdogypP0-00372-00101326-00101590 equally important reason was that main
_1WgdogypP0-00373-00101591-00101827 memories were quite slow a common type
_1WgdogypP0-00374-00101828-00102067 was ferrite core memory by using dense
_1WgdogypP0-00375-00102068-00102310 information packing one could reduce the
_1WgdogypP0-00376-00102311-00102550 frequency with which the CPU had to
_1WgdogypP0-00377-00102551-00102850 access this slow resource modern
_1WgdogypP0-00378-00102851-00103096 computers faced similar limiting factors
_1WgdogypP0-00379-00103097-00103315 main memories are slow compared to the
_1WgdogypP0-00380-00103316-00103584 CPU and the fast cache memories employed
_1WgdogypP0-00381-00103585-00103811 to overcome this are limited in size
_1WgdogypP0-00382-00103813-00104109 this may partly explain why highly
_1WgdogypP0-00383-00104110-00104343 encoded instruction sets have proven to
_1WgdogypP0-00384-00104344-00104575 be as useful as RISC designs in modern
_1WgdogypP0-00385-00104576-00104908 computers risk was developed as an
_1WgdogypP0-00386-00104908-00105213 alternative to what is now known as CISC
_1WgdogypP0-00387-00105214-00105502 over the years other strategies have
_1WgdogypP0-00388-00105503-00105721 been implemented as alternatives to RISC
_1WgdogypP0-00389-00105722-00106048 and CISC some examples are
_1WgdogypP0-00390-00106049-00106341 very long instruction word VL IW and
_1WgdogypP0-00391-00106342-00106711 minimal instruction set computer miss
_1WgdogypP0-00392-00106713-00106970 in the mid-1970s researchers
_1WgdogypP0-00393-00106971-00107306 particularly Johncock at IBM and similar
_1WgdogypP0-00394-00107307-00107546 projects elsewhere demonstrated that the
_1WgdogypP0-00395-00107547-00107732 majority of combinations of these
_1WgdogypP0-00396-00107733-00107908 orthogonal addressing modes and
_1WgdogypP0-00397-00107909-00108098 instructions were not used by most
_1WgdogypP0-00398-00108099-00108296 programs generated by compilers
_1WgdogypP0-00399-00108297-00108581 available at the time it proved
_1WgdogypP0-00400-00108582-00108784 difficult in many cases to write a
_1WgdogypP0-00401-00108785-00109022 compiler with more than limited ability
_1WgdogypP0-00402-00109023-00109175 to take advantage of the features
_1WgdogypP0-00403-00109176-00109601 provided by conventional CPUs it was
_1WgdogypP0-00404-00109602-00109820 also discovered that on micro coded
_1WgdogypP0-00405-00109821-00110051 implementations of certain architectures
_1WgdogypP0-00406-00110052-00110311 complex operations tended to be slower
_1WgdogypP0-00407-00110313-00110539 than a sequence of simpler operations
_1WgdogypP0-00408-00110540-00110849 doing the same thing this was in part an
_1WgdogypP0-00409-00110850-00111044 effect of the fact that many designs
_1WgdogypP0-00410-00111045-00111265 were rushed with little time to optimize
_1WgdogypP0-00411-00111266-00111490 or tune every instruction only those
_1WgdogypP0-00412-00111491-00111722 used most often were optimized and a
_1WgdogypP0-00413-00111723-00111926 sequence of those instructions could be
_1WgdogypP0-00414-00111927-00112127 faster than a less tuned instruction
_1WgdogypP0-00415-00112128-00112343 performing an equivalent operation as
_1WgdogypP0-00416-00112344-00112678 that sequence one infamous example was
_1WgdogypP0-00417-00112679-00112907 the VA X's index instruction as
_1WgdogypP0-00418-00112908-00113161 mentioned elsewhere core memory had long
_1WgdogypP0-00419-00113163-00113464 since been slower than many CPU designs
_1WgdogypP0-00420-00113465-00113752 the advent of semiconductor memory
_1WgdogypP0-00421-00113753-00113977 reduced this difference but it was still
_1WgdogypP0-00422-00113978-00114188 apparent that more registers and later
_1WgdogypP0-00423-00114189-00114484 caches would allow higher cpu operating
_1WgdogypP0-00424-00114485-00114800 frequencies additional registers would
_1WgdogypP0-00425-00114801-00115052 require sizeable chip or board areas
_1WgdogypP0-00426-00115053-00115370 which at the time 1975 could be made
_1WgdogypP0-00427-00115371-00115631 available if the complexity of the CPU
_1WgdogypP0-00428-00115632-00116014 logic was reduced yet another impetus of
_1WgdogypP0-00429-00116015-00116227 both risk and other designs came from
_1WgdogypP0-00430-00116228-00116396 practical measurements on real-world
_1WgdogypP0-00431-00116397-00116539 programs
_1WgdogypP0-00432-00116540-00116801 Andrew Tannenbaum summed up many of
_1WgdogypP0-00433-00116802-00117020 these demonstrating that processors
_1WgdogypP0-00434-00117021-00117334 often had oversized immediate for
_1WgdogypP0-00435-00117335-00117623 instance he showed that 98% of all the
_1WgdogypP0-00436-00117624-00117872 constants in a program would fit in 13
_1WgdogypP0-00437-00117873-00118240 bits yet many CPU designs dedicated 16
_1WgdogypP0-00438-00118241-00118558 or 32 bits to store them this suggests
_1WgdogypP0-00439-00118559-00118763 that to reduce the number of memory
_1WgdogypP0-00440-00118764-00119024 accesses a fixed length machine could
_1WgdogypP0-00441-00119025-00119239 store constants in unused bits of the
_1WgdogypP0-00442-00119240-00119383 instruction word itself
_1WgdogypP0-00443-00119384-00119554 so that they would be immediately ready
_1WgdogypP0-00444-00119555-00119783 when the CPU needs them much like
_1WgdogypP0-00445-00119783-00119983 immediate addressing in a conventional
_1WgdogypP0-00446-00119984-00120085 design
_1WgdogypP0-00447-00120086-00120379 this required small op coats in order to
_1WgdogypP0-00448-00120380-00120553 leave room for a reasonably sized
_1WgdogypP0-00449-00120554-00120889 constant in a 32-bit instruction word
_1WgdogypP0-00450-00120890-00121186 since many real-world programs spend
_1WgdogypP0-00451-00121188-00121400 most of their time executing simple
_1WgdogypP0-00452-00121401-00121664 operations some researchers decided to
_1WgdogypP0-00453-00121665-00121903 focus on making those operations as fast
_1WgdogypP0-00454-00121904-00122264 as possible the clock rate of a cpu is
_1WgdogypP0-00455-00122265-00122474 limited by the time it takes to execute
_1WgdogypP0-00456-00122475-00122686 the slowest sub operation of any
_1WgdogypP0-00457-00122688-00122945 instruction decreasing that cycle time
_1WgdogypP0-00458-00122946-00123182 often accelerates the execution of other
_1WgdogypP0-00459-00123183-00123540 instructions the focus on reduced
_1WgdogypP0-00460-00123541-00123829 instructions led to the resulting
_1WgdogypP0-00461-00123830-00124033 machine being called a reduced
_1WgdogypP0-00462-00124034-00124414 instruction set computer risk the goal
_1WgdogypP0-00463-00124415-00124633 was to make instruction so simple that
_1WgdogypP0-00464-00124634-00124856 they could easily be pipelined in order
_1WgdogypP0-00465-00124857-00125069 to achieve a single clock throughput at
_1WgdogypP0-00466-00125070-00125428 high frequencies later it was noted that
_1WgdogypP0-00467-00125429-00125600 one of the most significant
_1WgdogypP0-00468-00125601-00125831 characteristics of RISC processors was
_1WgdogypP0-00469-00125832-00126044 that external memory was only accessible
_1WgdogypP0-00470-00126045-00126388 by a load or store instruction all other
_1WgdogypP0-00471-00126389-00126608 instructions were limited to internal
_1WgdogypP0-00472-00126608-00126913 registers this simplified many aspects
_1WgdogypP0-00473-00126914-00127082 of processor design allowing
_1WgdogypP0-00474-00127083-00127264 instructions to be fixed length
_1WgdogypP0-00475-00127265-00127550 simplifying pipelines and isolating the
_1WgdogypP0-00476-00127551-00127738 logic for dealing with the delay in
_1WgdogypP0-00477-00127739-00127976 completing a memory access cache miss
_1WgdogypP0-00478-00127977-00128369 etc to only two instructions this led to
_1WgdogypP0-00479-00128370-00128602 RISC designs being referred to as load
_1WgdogypP0-00480-00128603-00128866 store architecture one more issue is
_1WgdogypP0-00481-00128867-00129068 that some complex instructions are
_1WgdogypP0-00482-00129069-00129338 difficult to restart eg following a page
_1WgdogypP0-00483-00129339-00129395 fault
_1WgdogypP0-00484-00129396-00129688 in some cases restarting from the
_1WgdogypP0-00485-00129689-00129881 beginning will work although wasteful
_1WgdogypP0-00486-00129882-00130076 but in many cases this would give
_1WgdogypP0-00487-00130077-00130414 incorrect results therefore the machine
_1WgdogypP0-00488-00130415-00130588 needs to have some hidden state to
_1WgdogypP0-00489-00130589-00130783 remember which parts went through and
_1WgdogypP0-00490-00130784-00131041 what remains to be done with a load
_1WgdogypP0-00491-00131042-00131278 store machine the program counter is
_1WgdogypP0-00492-00131279-00131483 sufficient to describe the state of the
_1WgdogypP0-00493-00131484-00131613 machine
_1WgdogypP0-00494-00131614-00131853 the main distinguishing feature of risk
_1WgdogypP0-00495-00131854-00132093 is that the instruction set is optimized
_1WgdogypP0-00496-00132094-00132258 for a highly regular instruction
_1WgdogypP0-00497-00132259-00132603 pipeline flow all the other features
_1WgdogypP0-00498-00132604-00132906 associated with risk branch delay slots
_1WgdogypP0-00499-00132907-00133140 separate instruction and data caches
_1WgdogypP0-00500-00133141-00133454 load store architecture large register
_1WgdogypP0-00501-00133455-00133758 set etc may seem to be a random
_1WgdogypP0-00502-00133759-00134078 assortment of unrelated features but
_1WgdogypP0-00503-00134079-00134286 each of them is helpful in maintaining a
_1WgdogypP0-00504-00134287-00134511 regular pipeline flow that completes an
_1WgdogypP0-00505-00134512-00135208 instruction every clock cycle
_1WgdogypP0-00506-00135209-00135934 topic comparison to other architectures
_1WgdogypP0-00507-00135935-00136186 some CPUs have been specifically
_1WgdogypP0-00508-00136187-00136387 designed to have a very small set of
_1WgdogypP0-00509-00136388-00136624 instructions but these designs are very
_1WgdogypP0-00510-00136625-00136870 different from classic RISC designs so
_1WgdogypP0-00511-00136871-00137038 they have been given other names such as
_1WgdogypP0-00512-00137039-00137308 minimal instruction set computer misc
_1WgdogypP0-00513-00137309-00137619 or transport triggered architecture TTA
_1WgdogypP0-00514-00137620-00137977 etc RISC architectures have
_1WgdogypP0-00515-00137978-00138205 traditionally had few successes in the
_1WgdogypP0-00516-00138206-00138493 desktop PC and commodity server markets
_1WgdogypP0-00517-00138494-00138811 where the x86 based platforms remain the
_1WgdogypP0-00518-00138812-00139138 dominant processor architecture however
_1WgdogypP0-00519-00139139-00139339 this may change as ARM architecture
_1WgdogypP0-00520-00139340-00139600 based processors are being developed for
_1WgdogypP0-00521-00139601-00139948 higher performance systems manufacturers
_1WgdogypP0-00522-00139949-00140260 including caveum AMD and Qualcomm have
_1WgdogypP0-00523-00140261-00140473 released ARM architecture based server
_1WgdogypP0-00524-00140474-00140803 processors arm is further partnered with
_1WgdogypP0-00525-00140804-00141058 Cray in 2017 to produce an ARM
_1WgdogypP0-00526-00141059-00141385 architecture based supercomputer on the
_1WgdogypP0-00527-00141386-00141655 desktop Microsoft announced that as part
_1WgdogypP0-00528-00141656-00141844 of a partnership with Qualcomm it
_1WgdogypP0-00529-00141845-00142057 planned to support the PC version of
_1WgdogypP0-00530-00142058-00142321 Windows 10 on Qualcomm Snapdragon based
_1WgdogypP0-00531-00142322-00142711 devices in 2017 these devices will
_1WgdogypP0-00532-00142712-00143104 support x86 based win32 software via an
_1WgdogypP0-00533-00143105-00143416 x86 processor emulator outside of the
_1WgdogypP0-00534-00143417-00143635 desktop arena however the ARM
_1WgdogypP0-00535-00143636-00143884 architecture brisk is in widespread use
_1WgdogypP0-00536-00143885-00144181 in smartphones tablets and many forms of
_1WgdogypP0-00537-00144182-00144475 embedded device it is also the case that
_1WgdogypP0-00538-00144476-00144808 since the Pentium Pro p6 Intel has been
_1WgdogypP0-00539-00144809-00145036 using an internal RISC processor core
_1WgdogypP0-00540-00145037-00145243 for its processors while early RISC
_1WgdogypP0-00541-00145244-00145423 designs differed significantly from
_1WgdogypP0-00542-00145424-00145801 contemporary CISC designs by 2000 the
_1WgdogypP0-00543-00145802-00146074 highest performing CPUs in the RISC line
_1WgdogypP0-00544-00146075-00146287 were almost indistinguishable from the
_1WgdogypP0-00545-00146288-00147141 highest performing CPUs in the CISC line
_1WgdogypP0-00546-00147142-00147784 topic use of RISC architectures
_1WgdogypP0-00547-00147785-00148082 RISC architectures are now used across a
_1WgdogypP0-00548-00148083-00148334 wide range of platforms from cellular
_1WgdogypP0-00549-00148335-00148571 telephones and tablet computers to some
_1WgdogypP0-00550-00148572-00148754 of the world's fastest supercomputers
_1WgdogypP0-00551-00148755-00149087 such as summit the fastest on the top500
_1WgdogypP0-00552-00149088-00149823 list as of November 2018
_1WgdogypP0-00553-00149824-00150488 topic low-end and mobile systems
_1WgdogypP0-00554-00150489-00150803 by the beginning of the 21st century the
_1WgdogypP0-00555-00150804-00151031 majority of low-end and mobile systems
_1WgdogypP0-00556-00151032-00151370 relied on RISC architectures examples
_1WgdogypP0-00557-00151371-00151706 include the ARM architecture dominates
_1WgdogypP0-00558-00151707-00151913 the market for low power and low-cost
_1WgdogypP0-00559-00151914-00152174 embedded systems typically two hundred
_1WgdogypP0-00560-00152175-00152675 two 1800 megahertz in 2014 it is used in
_1WgdogypP0-00561-00152676-00152909 a number of systems such as most Android
_1WgdogypP0-00562-00152910-00153176 based systems the Apple iPhone and iPad
_1WgdogypP0-00563-00153177-00153466 Microsoft Windows Phone former Windows
_1WgdogypP0-00564-00153467-00153728 Mobile RIM devices Nintendo Game Boy
_1WgdogypP0-00565-00153729-00154291 Advance ds3 D s and switch etc IBM's
_1WgdogypP0-00566-00154292-00154562 power architecture specifically the poe
_1WgdogypP0-00567-00154563-00154883 RPC line today found in the gamecube Wii
_1WgdogypP0-00568-00154884-00155297 PlayStation 3 Xbox 360 and Wii U gaming
_1WgdogypP0-00569-00155298-00155687 consoles the MIPS line at one point used
_1WgdogypP0-00570-00155688-00155948 in many SGI computers and now in the
_1WgdogypP0-00571-00155949-00156268 PlayStation PlayStation 2 Nintendo 64
_1WgdogypP0-00572-00156269-00156541 PlayStation Portable game consoles and
_1WgdogypP0-00573-00156542-00156895 residential gateways like Linksys wrt54g
_1WgdogypP0-00574-00156896-00157366 series hitachi super originally in wide
_1WgdogypP0-00575-00157367-00157709 use in the sega super 32x saturn and
_1WgdogypP0-00576-00157710-00157943 dreamcast now developed and sold by
_1WgdogypP0-00577-00157944-00158219 renesis as the sh 4
_1WgdogypP0-00578-00158220-00158549 Atmel AVR used in a variety of products
_1WgdogypP0-00579-00158550-00158798 ranging from xbox handheld controllers
_1WgdogypP0-00580-00158799-00159275 to BMW cars risk v the open-source v
_1WgdogypP0-00581-00159276-00159611 berkeley risc isa with 32 or 64-bit
_1WgdogypP0-00582-00159612-00159890 address spaces a small core integer
_1WgdogypP0-00583-00159891-00160126 instruction set and an experimental
_1WgdogypP0-00584-00160127-00160475 compressed ISA for code density and
_1WgdogypP0-00585-00160476-00160607 designed for standard and
_1WgdogypP0-00586-00160608-00161284 special-purpose extensions
_1WgdogypP0-00587-00161285-00161633 Topic workstations servers and
_1WgdogypP0-00588-00161634-00162100 supercomputers
_1WgdogypP0-00589-00162101-00162427 MIPS by Silicon Graphics ceased making
_1WgdogypP0-00590-00162428-00162895 mips-based systems in 2006 spark by
_1WgdogypP0-00591-00162896-00163183 Oracle previously Sun Microsystems and
_1WgdogypP0-00592-00163184-00163621 Fujitsu IBM's Power Architecture most
_1WgdogypP0-00593-00163622-00163822 famously known for its use on many
_1WgdogypP0-00594-00163823-00164056 Macintosh computer models until late
_1WgdogypP0-00595-00164057-00164379 2005 with the power derived Poe RPC
_1WgdogypP0-00596-00164380-00164601 architecture and in many of IBM's
_1WgdogypP0-00597-00164602-00164845 supercomputers mid-range servers and
_1WgdogypP0-00598-00164846-00165253 workstations Hewlett Packard's pa-risc
_1WgdogypP0-00599-00165254-00165565 also known as HP PA discontinued at the
_1WgdogypP0-00600-00165566-00166012 end of 2008 alpha used in single board
_1WgdogypP0-00601-00166013-00166285 computers workstations servers and
_1WgdogypP0-00602-00166286-00166468 supercomputers from digital equipment
_1WgdogypP0-00603-00166469-00166813 corporation then Compaq and finally HP
_1WgdogypP0-00604-00166814-00167314 discontinued as of 2007 risk v the open
_1WgdogypP0-00605-00167315-00167644 source v berkeley risc isa with 64 or
_1WgdogypP0-00606-00167645-00167974 128 bit address spaces and the integer
_1WgdogypP0-00607-00167975-00168138 core extended with floating-point
_1WgdogypP0-00608-00168139-00168388 Atomics and vector processing and
_1WgdogypP0-00609-00168389-00168538 designed to be extended with
_1WgdogypP0-00610-00168539-00168787 instructions for networking io data
_1WgdogypP0-00611-00168788-00169201 processing etc a 64-bit superscalar
_1WgdogypP0-00612-00169202-00170042 design rocket is available for download
_1WgdogypP0-00613-00170043-00170609 topic see also
_1WgdogypP0-00614-00170610-00171077 addressing mode classic risk pipeline
_1WgdogypP0-00615-00171078-00171416 complex instruction set computer
_1WgdogypP0-00616-00171417-00171813 computer architecture instruction set
_1WgdogypP0-00617-00171814-00172272 architecture microprocessor minimal
_1WgdogypP0-00618-00172273-00172632 instruction set computer
_2dh-DD314M-00000-00000032-00000342 you know when you think about it and uh
_2dh-DD314M-00001-00000343-00000511 you can tell this to someone and they
_2dh-DD314M-00002-00000512-00000671 probably won't believe it they
_2dh-DD314M-00003-00000672-00000919 they wouldn't need to see it leave it uh
_2dh-DD314M-00004-00000919-00001079 but yeah just like you said uh
_2dh-DD314M-00005-00001080-00001295 battle there my my yeah i know it's
_2dh-DD314M-00006-00001296-00001519 giving me your trouble today
_2dh-DD314M-00007-00001520-00001823 um you know and it's
_2dh-DD314M-00008-00001823-00002007 yeah you try to do the best you can to
_2dh-DD314M-00009-00002007-00002126 fight uh
_2dh-DD314M-00010-00002127-00002439 fight on the bound and get the job done
_2dh-DD314M-00011-00002440-00002695 as best as you can but you know thank
_2dh-DD314M-00012-00002696-00002799 god the
_2dh-DD314M-00013-00002800-00002999 the ground ball right there is near the
_2dh-DD314M-00014-00003000-00003286 near the base or shut us right there and
_2dh-DD314M-00015-00003288-00003463 you know we're able to execute that
_2dh-DD314M-00016-00003464-00003622 triple play and
_2dh-DD314M-00017-00003623-00003863 uh that play right there it saved the
_2dh-DD314M-00018-00003864-00004070 game you know and it got me out of that
_2dh-DD314M-00019-00004071-00004263 jam
_2dh-DD314M-00020-00004264-00004438 roll this we've seen different
_2dh-DD314M-00021-00004439-00004638 circumstances where you might start an
_2dh-DD314M-00022-00004639-00004743 outing
_2dh-DD314M-00023-00004744-00004951 putting a couple runners on base and you
_2dh-DD314M-00024-00004952-00005159 find a way to get out of it today
_2dh-DD314M-00025-00005160-00005327 you know you walk two guys and i know it
_2dh-DD314M-00026-00005328-00005583 was particularly unique with the triple
_2dh-DD314M-00027-00005584-00005622 play
_2dh-DD314M-00028-00005623-00005791 but you found a way to get out of it
_2dh-DD314M-00029-00005792-00006054 what's key in those spots
_2dh-DD314M-00030-00006055-00006302 to being able to work out of the jam
_2dh-DD314M-00031-00006303-00008483 without giving up any damage
_2dh-DD314M-00032-00008484-00009823 uh
_2dh-DD314M-00033-00009824-00010041 a
_2dh-DD314M-00034-00010042-00012683 [Music]
_2dh-DD314M-00035-00012684-00012991 we yeah i think
_2dh-DD314M-00036-00012991-00013215 the biggest thing is the concentration
_2dh-DD314M-00037-00013216-00013422 you know and the determination to
_2dh-DD314M-00038-00013423-00013735 get the job done in a situation like
_2dh-DD314M-00039-00013736-00013775 that
_2dh-DD314M-00040-00013776-00014007 uh situations where you find yourself
_2dh-DD314M-00041-00014008-00014255 going close in a game
_2dh-DD314M-00042-00014256-00014503 you mean you definitely need the uh the
_2dh-DD314M-00043-00014504-00014575 toughness
_2dh-DD314M-00044-00014576-00014927 uh you got to have a the mindset for in
_2dh-DD314M-00045-00014928-00015127 the preparation to get the job done
_2dh-DD314M-00046-00015128-00015558 you know just like today
_2dh-DD314M-00047-00015559-00015766 you find it you find yourself in a spot
_2dh-DD314M-00048-00015768-00015935 where it's hard to believe that you're
_2dh-DD314M-00049-00015936-00016103 gonna get the job done and then
_2dh-DD314M-00050-00016104-00016255 all of a sudden you know the game is
_2dh-DD314M-00051-00016256-00016479 over and you save the game so
_2dh-DD314M-00052-00016480-00016663 uh as a closer you need to understand
_2dh-DD314M-00053-00016664-00016791 there are really good days
_2dh-DD314M-00054-00016792-00016983 and there are some days that are not
_2dh-DD314M-00055-00016984-00017135 very good um
_2dh-DD314M-00056-00017136-00017375 today someone in the middle there where
_2dh-DD314M-00057-00017376-00017511 you still
_2dh-DD314M-00058-00017512-00017767 uh you're able to concentrate understand
_2dh-DD314M-00059-00017768-00017911 what's going on and at the end you know
_2dh-DD314M-00060-00017912-00018192 find a way to
_3nXq-_ym80-00000-00000212-00000614 hello here you can see the system that I
_3nXq-_ym80-00001-00000615-00001103 run the forum in tears eighty and also
_3nXq-_ym80-00002-00001104-00001553 basic and other programming languages so
_3nXq-_ym80-00003-00001554-00001909 this here is twin white it's different
_3nXq-_ym80-00004-00001910-00002612 from doing it-- mini and it has these
_3nXq-_ym80-00005-00002613-00002957 are doing no connections here for arena
_3nXq-_ym80-00006-00002958-00003481 sheets and then we have this doing might
_3nXq-_ym80-00007-00003482-00004072 io that connects me da and speakers and
_3nXq-_ym80-00008-00004073-00004676 the keyboard and then I run it now is a
_3nXq-_ym80-00009-00004677-00005225 nine volt adapter because this board
_3nXq-_ym80-00010-00005226-00005642 towards other voltages the twin might
_3nXq-_ym80-00011-00005643-00006127 mini just towards five volts but this
_3nXq-_ym80-00012-00006128-00006712 can run on higher world voltages and I
_3nXq-_ym80-00013-00006713-00007106 could show this bar to fix here and the
_3nXq-_ym80-00014-00007106-00007367 first video I made about this emulator
_3nXq-_ym80-00015-00007368-00007921 it had bugs in this curve here sine
_3nXq-_ym80-00016-00007922-00008467 curve but don't have been fixed now so
_3nXq-_ym80-00017-00008468-00009305 with some errors in the character set so
_3nXq-_ym80-00018-00009306-00009881 I could also show here here I can switch
_3nXq-_ym80-00019-00009882-00010277 anything out and then I can break it
_3nXq-_ym80-00020-00010278-00010841 here with the f11 and I can do this
_3nXq-_ym80-00021-00010842-00011620 request and go to another like kept here
_3nXq-_ym80-00022-00011621-00012570 so then that tab here
_3nXq-_ym80-00023-00012571-00013158 I go down here find I think it's this
_3nXq-_ym80-00024-00013159-00013583 graphics library over here
_3nXq-_ym80-00025-00013584-00014825 sure I think it's this
_3nXq-_ym80-00026-00014826-00015668 and then you write tier system I think
_4AAA2V014g-00000-00000048-00000238 capitalism is killing the earth an
_4AAA2V014g-00001-00000239-00000455 anarchist guide to ecology
_4AAA2V014g-00002-00000456-00000886 by the anarchist federation glossary
_4AAA2V014g-00003-00000888-00001127 capitalism an economic and political
_4AAA2V014g-00004-00001128-00001207 system
_4AAA2V014g-00005-00001208-00001366 based on the exploitation of those
_4AAA2V014g-00006-00001367-00001574 forced to sell their labor to survive
_4AAA2V014g-00007-00001575-00001814 in this system trade industry and major
_4AAA2V014g-00008-00001816-00002023 decisions which affect the environment
_4AAA2V014g-00009-00002023-00002167 are made by private owners who are
_4AAA2V014g-00010-00002168-00002326 driven by profit
_4AAA2V014g-00011-00002327-00002623 green capitalism as above but with more
_4AAA2V014g-00012-00002624-00002787 solar panels
_4AAA2V014g-00013-00002788-00003047 neoliberalism a political system of free
_4AAA2V014g-00014-00003048-00003206 markets privatization
_4AAA2V014g-00015-00003207-00003495 of once communal resources and minimal
_4AAA2V014g-00016-00003496-00003686 regulations exploiting workers or the
_4AAA2V014g-00017-00003688-00003799 environment
_4AAA2V014g-00018-00003800-00004070 scientific consensus an agreement
_4AAA2V014g-00019-00004071-00004247 amongst the majority of experts in a
_4AAA2V014g-00020-00004248-00004479 field about a scientific process
_4AAA2V014g-00021-00004480-00004751 over 97 percent of climate scientists
_4AAA2V014g-00022-00004752-00004959 agree that humans are causing climate
_4AAA2V014g-00023-00004960-00005063 change
_4AAA2V014g-00024-00005064-00005327 holistic an approach which assumes parts
_4AAA2V014g-00025-00005328-00005506 of a system are intimately
_4AAA2V014g-00026-00005507-00005631 interconnected
_4AAA2V014g-00027-00005632-00005895 and must be treated as a whole
_4AAA2V014g-00028-00005896-00006022 colonialism
_4AAA2V014g-00029-00006023-00006270 the practice of occupying a territory to
_4AAA2V014g-00030-00006271-00006463 exploit its natural resources
_4AAA2V014g-00031-00006464-00006783 and inhabitants greenwash
_4AAA2V014g-00032-00006784-00006983 action taken by politicians and
_4AAA2V014g-00033-00006984-00007087 corporations
_4AAA2V014g-00034-00007088-00007310 to appear green and environmentally
_4AAA2V014g-00035-00007311-00007503 friendly whilst doing nothing of
_4AAA2V014g-00036-00007504-00007670 consequence
_4AAA2V014g-00037-00007672-00007951 the state the collected institutions
_4AAA2V014g-00038-00007952-00008023 that create
_4AAA2V014g-00039-00008023-00008255 and enforce laws created by a small
_4AAA2V014g-00040-00008256-00008519 minority of people within a territory
_4AAA2V014g-00041-00008520-00008742 through laws the state claims that only
_4AAA2V014g-00042-00008743-00008967 it has the right to use violence
_4AAA2V014g-00043-00008968-00009214 the state uses the law to justify and
_4AAA2V014g-00044-00009215-00009278 protect
_4AAA2V014g-00045-00009279-00009719 a capitalist economy medc
_4AAA2V014g-00046-00009720-00010103 ledc more slash less economically
_4AAA2V014g-00047-00010104-00010423 developed country
_4AAA2V014g-00048-00010424-00010663 introduction we are in a period of
_4AAA2V014g-00049-00010664-00010999 crisis that we in medcs cannot yet see
_4AAA2V014g-00050-00011000-00011159 the signs are there if you look hard
_4AAA2V014g-00051-00011160-00011406 enough but at the moment the water is
_4AAA2V014g-00052-00011407-00011495 still flowing
_4AAA2V014g-00053-00011496-00011710 the crops are still reliable the ski
_4AAA2V014g-00054-00011711-00011895 lifts are still running
_4AAA2V014g-00055-00011896-00012103 the first wave of climate refugees are
_4AAA2V014g-00056-00012104-00012270 trying to make their way into europe
_4AAA2V014g-00057-00012271-00012470 but they are being dismissed as economic
_4AAA2V014g-00058-00012471-00012751 migrants or those displaced by war
_4AAA2V014g-00059-00012752-00013046 in all likelihood medcs will not feel
_4AAA2V014g-00060-00013047-00013230 the effects of climate change for some
_4AAA2V014g-00061-00013231-00013311 time
_4AAA2V014g-00062-00013312-00013503 our relative wealth will push the
_4AAA2V014g-00063-00013504-00013694 impacts onto those who haven't the means
_4AAA2V014g-00064-00013695-00013775 to adapt
_4AAA2V014g-00065-00013776-00013943 or whose local climates were less
_4AAA2V014g-00066-00013944-00014111 temperate to begin with
_4AAA2V014g-00067-00014112-00014391 the longer we wait to act however the
_4AAA2V014g-00068-00014391-00014663 bigger the coming crunch will be
_4AAA2V014g-00069-00014663-00014911 collectively medcs are responsible for
_4AAA2V014g-00070-00014912-00015079 the overwhelming majority
_4AAA2V014g-00071-00015080-00015327 of cumulative carbon emissions and will
_4AAA2V014g-00072-00015328-00015511 have to radically change their energy
_4AAA2V014g-00073-00015512-00015655 and transport systems
_4AAA2V014g-00074-00015656-00015871 if an ecological disaster is to be
_4AAA2V014g-00075-00015872-00015983 avoided
_4AAA2V014g-00076-00015984-00016191 who will bear the brunt of the costs and
_4AAA2V014g-00077-00016191-00016383 who will get rich from this process
_4AAA2V014g-00078-00016384-00016647 is sadly predictable the working class
_4AAA2V014g-00079-00016648-00016919 in medcs and most people in ledcs
_4AAA2V014g-00080-00016920-00017143 will pay for the fossil fuel addiction
_4AAA2V014g-00081-00017144-00017327 and growth at all costs model of the
_4AAA2V014g-00082-00017328-00017471 catalyst system
_4AAA2V014g-00083-00017472-00017743 we have already begun to see this happen
_4AAA2V014g-00084-00017744-00017814 in the black
_4AAA2V014g-00085-00017815-00018030 working-class communities devastated by
_4AAA2V014g-00086-00018031-00018222 natural disasters in the usa
_4AAA2V014g-00087-00018223-00018391 and flooding killing thousands in
_4AAA2V014g-00088-00018392-00018535 bangladesh
_4AAA2V014g-00089-00018536-00018719 capitalism relies on constantly
_4AAA2V014g-00090-00018720-00018950 increasing accumulation of profits
_4AAA2V014g-00091-00018951-00019179 this has been achieved historically by
_4AAA2V014g-00092-00019180-00019294 appropriations
_4AAA2V014g-00093-00019295-00019591 a polite term for thefts both internal
_4AAA2V014g-00094-00019592-00019814 and external to the nation state
_4AAA2V014g-00095-00019815-00020030 internally in europe from the 15th
_4AAA2V014g-00096-00020031-00020167 century onwards
_4AAA2V014g-00097-00020168-00020358 this has followed the model of stealing
_4AAA2V014g-00098-00020359-00020527 common land from the people
_4AAA2V014g-00099-00020528-00020775 to create a proletarian class dependent
_4AAA2V014g-00100-00020776-00021014 on wage labor to support itself
_4AAA2V014g-00101-00021015-00021327 externally this expansion was tied to a
_4AAA2V014g-00102-00021328-00021358 move
_4AAA2V014g-00103-00021359-00021607 outside europe's borders to exploit
_4AAA2V014g-00104-00021608-00021822 natural resources and labor in other
_4AAA2V014g-00105-00021823-00022039 locations
_4AAA2V014g-00106-00022040-00022319 thus colonialism and capitalism were
_4AAA2V014g-00107-00022320-00022430 from the beginning
_4AAA2V014g-00108-00022431-00022614 linked to processes of resource
_4AAA2V014g-00109-00022615-00022886 extraction and accumulation
_4AAA2V014g-00110-00022887-00023191 capitalism is now in crisis with so few
_4AAA2V014g-00111-00023192-00023350 areas beyond its reach
_4AAA2V014g-00112-00023351-00023591 there are no easy sources of growth to
_4AAA2V014g-00113-00023592-00023703 appropriate
_4AAA2V014g-00114-00023704-00023855 and the ability of the earth's
_4AAA2V014g-00115-00023856-00024007 ecosystems to accommodate
_4AAA2V014g-00116-00024008-00024239 further growth is being seriously
_4AAA2V014g-00117-00024240-00024358 questioned
_4AAA2V014g-00118-00024359-00024647 how then to continue growth and profit
_4AAA2V014g-00119-00024648-00024671 in
_4AAA2V014g-00120-00024672-00024935 medcs we are seeing a fresh attack on
_4AAA2V014g-00121-00024936-00025047 workers rights
_4AAA2V014g-00122-00025048-00025350 with more precarious jobs lower pay and
_4AAA2V014g-00123-00025351-00025519 poorer social care
_4AAA2V014g-00124-00025520-00025806 in ledc's the neoliberal development
_4AAA2V014g-00125-00025807-00026022 model is pushed with privatization
_4AAA2V014g-00126-00026023-00026295 and financial deregulation extracting
_4AAA2V014g-00127-00026295-00026567 the most profit for the capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00128-00026568-00026751 we write this pamphlet to discuss the
_4AAA2V014g-00129-00026752-00026943 environmental problems that capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-00130-00026944-00027046 has created
_4AAA2V014g-00131-00027047-00027262 with a focus on climate change and the
_4AAA2V014g-00132-00027263-00027479 false solutions offered up to us
_4AAA2V014g-00133-00027480-00027655 there has been wider understanding of
_4AAA2V014g-00134-00027656-00027831 environmental issues since mainstream
_4AAA2V014g-00135-00027832-00027983 publications such as
_4AAA2V014g-00136-00027983-00028318 silent spring gaia and an inconvenient
_4AAA2V014g-00137-00028319-00028407 truth
_4AAA2V014g-00138-00028408-00028711 however an anti-catalyst critique
_4AAA2V014g-00139-00028712-00028999 has been lacking capitalism is a system
_4AAA2V014g-00140-00029000-00029199 reliant on the total exploitation of
_4AAA2V014g-00141-00029200-00029318 nature
_4AAA2V014g-00142-00029319-00029535 whether that be sacrificing our clean
_4AAA2V014g-00143-00029536-00029758 water to frack for hydrocarbons
_4AAA2V014g-00144-00029760-00029951 or sacrificing our children to the
_4AAA2V014g-00145-00029952-00030095 production line
_4AAA2V014g-00146-00030095-00030335 we must develop our ideas of what a
_4AAA2V014g-00147-00030336-00030511 different future may look like
_4AAA2V014g-00148-00030512-00030735 outside the constraints of both capital
_4AAA2V014g-00149-00030736-00030870 and fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00150-00030872-00031039 we must also critique the false
_4AAA2V014g-00151-00031039-00031302 solutions offered by green capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-00152-00031303-00031599 and increased state control it is our
_4AAA2V014g-00153-00031600-00031695 contention
_4AAA2V014g-00154-00031695-00031927 that the world in 50 years will look
_4AAA2V014g-00155-00031927-00032183 radically different from what we see now
_4AAA2V014g-00156-00032183-00032399 the question is whether we are moving
_4AAA2V014g-00157-00032400-00032558 towards a sustainable future for
_4AAA2V014g-00158-00032560-00032670 humanity
_4AAA2V014g-00159-00032672-00032974 or one of catastrophe
_4AAA2V014g-00160-00032975-00033271 climate change and capitalism the
_4AAA2V014g-00161-00033272-00033351 concept of
_4AAA2V014g-00162-00033352-00033679 human caused climate change is not new
_4AAA2V014g-00163-00033680-00033951 joseph fourier first discussed the
_4AAA2V014g-00164-00033952-00034231 greenhouse effect in 1824
_4AAA2V014g-00165-00034232-00034502 and suggested human activities could
_4AAA2V014g-00166-00034503-00034727 influence global temperatures
_4AAA2V014g-00167-00034728-00034918 other famous names of chemistry and
_4AAA2V014g-00168-00034919-00035102 physics such as tyndall
_4AAA2V014g-00169-00035103-00035399 arenas and bell developed this theory
_4AAA2V014g-00170-00035400-00035487 and understood
_4AAA2V014g-00171-00035488-00035767 its implications by the early 20th
_4AAA2V014g-00172-00035768-00035839 century
_4AAA2V014g-00173-00035840-00035990 there was an understanding in the
_4AAA2V014g-00174-00035991-00036143 scientific community
_4AAA2V014g-00175-00036144-00036390 that burning fossil fuels could alter
_4AAA2V014g-00176-00036391-00036607 the earth's climate
_4AAA2V014g-00177-00036608-00036918 by the 1970s public awareness of the
_4AAA2V014g-00178-00036919-00037039 issue had grown
_4AAA2V014g-00179-00037040-00037302 and the scientific community began to
_4AAA2V014g-00180-00037303-00037559 develop models of how co2 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00181-00037560-00037807 would affect the future climate
_4AAA2V014g-00182-00037808-00038151 during this period the oil company exxon
_4AAA2V014g-00183-00038152-00038367 conducted a great deal of research into
_4AAA2V014g-00184-00038368-00038462 climate change
_4AAA2V014g-00185-00038463-00038767 and global climate modeling their
_4AAA2V014g-00186-00038768-00038839 findings
_4AAA2V014g-00187-00038840-00039062 threatened the company's profits so they
_4AAA2V014g-00188-00039063-00039207 suppressed the research
_4AAA2V014g-00189-00039208-00039367 and instead spent money on a
_4AAA2V014g-00190-00039368-00039590 misinformation and lobbying campaign to
_4AAA2V014g-00191-00039591-00039790 limit public acceptance and government
_4AAA2V014g-00192-00039791-00039911 regulation
_4AAA2V014g-00193-00039912-00040246 c environmental research this was
_4AAA2V014g-00194-00040247-00040390 largely successful
_4AAA2V014g-00195-00040391-00040646 with successive governments in the usa
_4AAA2V014g-00196-00040647-00040751 and elsewhere
_4AAA2V014g-00197-00040752-00040918 questioning the science of climate
_4AAA2V014g-00198-00040919-00041239 change and limiting regulation of co2
_4AAA2V014g-00199-00041240-00041446 despite overwhelming scientific
_4AAA2V014g-00200-00041447-00041590 consensus
_4AAA2V014g-00201-00041591-00041807 misinformation of the public has been
_4AAA2V014g-00202-00041808-00042055 supported by many media outlooks
_4AAA2V014g-00203-00042056-00042311 controlled by the ruling class allowing
_4AAA2V014g-00204-00042312-00042423 governments to stall
_4AAA2V014g-00205-00042424-00042615 environmental regulation and treat
_4AAA2V014g-00206-00042616-00042918 climate change as a fringe issue
_4AAA2V014g-00207-00042919-00043199 in more recent times we've seen even the
_4AAA2V014g-00208-00043200-00043279 right wing move
_4AAA2V014g-00209-00043280-00043590 from the climate denial of george w bush
_4AAA2V014g-00210-00043591-00043774 to the acceptance of environmental
_4AAA2V014g-00211-00043775-00044030 policy by the mainstream
_4AAA2V014g-00212-00044031-00044327 for example consider david cameron's hug
_4AAA2V014g-00213-00044328-00044511 husky greenwash
_4AAA2V014g-00214-00044512-00044751 whilst greenwashing has conceded some
_4AAA2V014g-00215-00044752-00044887 small victories
_4AAA2V014g-00216-00044888-00045127 many of the major global players are
_4AAA2V014g-00217-00045128-00045223 still delaying
_4AAA2V014g-00218-00045224-00045518 any meaningful action as far as possible
_4AAA2V014g-00219-00045519-00045574 whilst
_4AAA2V014g-00220-00045575-00045839 promoting false green capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-00221-00045840-00045990 solutions
_4AAA2V014g-00222-00045991-00046279 others have accepted climate change but
_4AAA2V014g-00223-00046280-00046462 denied for human cause
_4AAA2V014g-00224-00046463-00046758 or that we can do anything about it
_4AAA2V014g-00225-00046759-00046895 donald trump
_4AAA2V014g-00226-00046896-00047279 claimed in 2016 that climate change was
_4AAA2V014g-00227-00047280-00047367 a hoax
_4AAA2V014g-00228-00047368-00047607 promoted by china to weaken the economy
_4AAA2V014g-00229-00047608-00047767 of the usa
_4AAA2V014g-00230-00047768-00048046 neatly bringing together both economic
_4AAA2V014g-00231-00048047-00048167 nationalism
_4AAA2V014g-00232-00048168-00048543 and climate denial by painting the issue
_4AAA2V014g-00233-00048544-00048718 as one of national defense
_4AAA2V014g-00234-00048719-00049030 and economic necessity trump has managed
_4AAA2V014g-00235-00049031-00049174 to cast further doubt
_4AAA2V014g-00236-00049175-00049455 on the need to lower carbon emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00237-00049456-00049607 environmental pollution is one of the
_4AAA2V014g-00238-00049608-00049718 great failures
_4AAA2V014g-00239-00049719-00049990 of the free market fossil fuels are
_4AAA2V014g-00240-00049991-00050039 cheap
_4AAA2V014g-00241-00050040-00050423 because co2 is a negative externality
_4AAA2V014g-00242-00050424-00050743 that is the cost of emitting it namely
_4AAA2V014g-00243-00050744-00050886 the threat of global
_4AAA2V014g-00244-00050887-00051158 environmental change is not borne by the
_4AAA2V014g-00245-00051159-00051319 companies responsible
_4AAA2V014g-00246-00051320-00051623 but by society at large
_4AAA2V014g-00247-00051624-00051870 private companies therefore have little
_4AAA2V014g-00248-00051871-00052111 incentive to reduce co2 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00249-00052112-00052358 and the cost of their products are kept
_4AAA2V014g-00250-00052359-00052471 artificially low
_4AAA2V014g-00251-00052472-00052775 by this societal subsidy these emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00252-00052776-00052975 have no market value
_4AAA2V014g-00253-00052976-00053166 they add nothing to the cost of a
_4AAA2V014g-00254-00053167-00053359 product and yet
_4AAA2V014g-00255-00053360-00053575 have huge ramifications for the global
_4AAA2V014g-00256-00053576-00053671 climate
_4AAA2V014g-00257-00053672-00053999 the market therefore cannot be relied on
_4AAA2V014g-00258-00054000-00054175 to fix this problem
_4AAA2V014g-00259-00054176-00054430 the options available to us are either
_4AAA2V014g-00260-00054432-00054526 to in control
_4AAA2V014g-00261-00054527-00054807 market so that environmental costs are
_4AAA2V014g-00262-00054808-00054894 considered
_4AAA2V014g-00263-00054895-00055238 eg state capitalism or to remove the
_4AAA2V014g-00264-00055239-00055463 market's control over our lives
_4AAA2V014g-00265-00055464-00055791 altogether the longer we delay action on
_4AAA2V014g-00266-00055791-00055911 climate change
_4AAA2V014g-00267-00055912-00056111 the more difficult to fix the problem
_4AAA2V014g-00268-00056112-00056223 becomes
_4AAA2V014g-00269-00056224-00056494 this pamphlet proposes that the only way
_4AAA2V014g-00270-00056495-00056694 to achieve meaningful change
_4AAA2V014g-00271-00056695-00056942 is to abandon the catalyst model to
_4AAA2V014g-00272-00056944-00057071 reclaim the energy
_4AAA2V014g-00273-00057072-00057247 and production systems from their
_4AAA2V014g-00274-00057248-00057375 corporate owners
_4AAA2V014g-00275-00057376-00057559 and bring them into the hands of the
_4AAA2V014g-00276-00057560-00057679 people
_4AAA2V014g-00277-00057679-00057959 this is no small task but offers an
_4AAA2V014g-00278-00057960-00058150 escape from the multiple environmental
_4AAA2V014g-00279-00058151-00058254 disasters
_4AAA2V014g-00280-00058255-00058582 we currently face we also point out that
_4AAA2V014g-00281-00058583-00058726 state power expands
_4AAA2V014g-00282-00058727-00059054 in times of crisis and as such
_4AAA2V014g-00283-00059055-00059254 we must be careful of solutions which
_4AAA2V014g-00284-00059255-00059430 increase the power of the state
_4AAA2V014g-00285-00059432-00059750 to control our lives to achieve this we
_4AAA2V014g-00286-00059751-00059911 must consider the maxim
_4AAA2V014g-00287-00059912-00060254 of think globally act locally
_4AAA2V014g-00288-00060255-00060559 and work towards decentralized solutions
_4AAA2V014g-00289-00060560-00060750 which give control of energy and
_4AAA2V014g-00290-00060751-00060942 production systems to the people who use
_4AAA2V014g-00291-00060944-00060999 them
_4AAA2V014g-00292-00061000-00061175 for the benefit of the whole global
_4AAA2V014g-00293-00061176-00061350 ecosystem
_4AAA2V014g-00294-00061351-00061599 case studies energy and housing under
_4AAA2V014g-00295-00061600-00061719 capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-00296-00061720-00061959 energy systems in the current energy
_4AAA2V014g-00297-00061960-00062135 system we rely on privately owned
_4AAA2V014g-00298-00062136-00062230 large-scale
_4AAA2V014g-00299-00062232-00062447 centralized energy production which
_4AAA2V014g-00300-00062448-00062638 removes from the consumer
_4AAA2V014g-00301-00062639-00062935 any say in how the energy is produced
_4AAA2V014g-00302-00062936-00063175 energy is delivered to the consumer for
_4AAA2V014g-00303-00063176-00063247 a fee
_4AAA2V014g-00304-00063248-00063447 with the profit margins of the producer
_4AAA2V014g-00305-00063448-00063623 regulated by the state
_4AAA2V014g-00306-00063624-00063854 in exchange for the ability to operate
_4AAA2V014g-00307-00063855-00064094 as part of a small cartel
_4AAA2V014g-00308-00064095-00064399 the true cost however is not considered
_4AAA2V014g-00309-00064400-00064742 the environmental cost of emitting co2
_4AAA2V014g-00310-00064744-00065063 in extracting and burning fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00311-00065064-00065335 is not included in the price making
_4AAA2V014g-00312-00065336-00065430 fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00313-00065432-00065759 artificially cheap this allows coal
_4AAA2V014g-00314-00065760-00065838 extraction
_4AAA2V014g-00315-00065839-00066063 and burning to continue because it
_4AAA2V014g-00316-00066064-00066303 remains profitable
_4AAA2V014g-00317-00066304-00066494 energy systems are currently run for a
_4AAA2V014g-00318-00066495-00066647 dual purpose
_4AAA2V014g-00319-00066648-00066855 to provide consumers with energy and to
_4AAA2V014g-00320-00066856-00067143 provide capitalists with profits
_4AAA2V014g-00321-00067144-00067375 future energy systems must be democratic
_4AAA2V014g-00322-00067376-00067615 in their control and operation
_4AAA2V014g-00323-00067616-00067815 they need to serve their communities and
_4AAA2V014g-00324-00067816-00068023 focus on energy efficiency
_4AAA2V014g-00325-00068024-00068271 thereby reducing demand and minimizing
_4AAA2V014g-00326-00068272-00068447 environmental costs
_4AAA2V014g-00327-00068448-00068671 rather than chasing profit the
_4AAA2V014g-00328-00068672-00068879 technologies needed to achieve this
_4AAA2V014g-00329-00068880-00069126 should be tailored to the location
_4AAA2V014g-00330-00069127-00069375 wind and wave energy are more suitable
_4AAA2V014g-00331-00069376-00069535 in northern europe
_4AAA2V014g-00332-00069536-00069711 geothermal should be used where it
_4AAA2V014g-00333-00069712-00069855 occurs naturally
_4AAA2V014g-00334-00069856-00070271 and solar in northern africa in ledc's
_4AAA2V014g-00335-00070272-00070494 we need to avoid increasing carbon
_4AAA2V014g-00336-00070495-00070679 intensive methods of living
_4AAA2V014g-00337-00070680-00070911 which medici's have enjoyed since the
_4AAA2V014g-00338-00070912-00071094 industrial revolution
_4AAA2V014g-00339-00071095-00071303 we need to improve the quality of life
_4AAA2V014g-00340-00071304-00071431 without relying on
_4AAA2V014g-00341-00071432-00071743 outdated and polluting technology this
_4AAA2V014g-00342-00071744-00071862 is currently happening
_4AAA2V014g-00343-00071863-00072206 in a piecemeal fashion however much of
_4AAA2V014g-00344-00072207-00072511 the financing is provided by medcs
_4AAA2V014g-00345-00072512-00072719 as a method of offsetting their own
_4AAA2V014g-00346-00072720-00072926 carbon emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00347-00072927-00073135 we see an end to intellectual property
_4AAA2V014g-00348-00073136-00073391 rights as a mechanism of achieving this
_4AAA2V014g-00349-00073392-00073606 so that low-carbon solutions can be
_4AAA2V014g-00350-00073607-00073791 transferred directly to the developing
_4AAA2V014g-00351-00073792-00073903 world
_4AAA2V014g-00352-00073904-00074131 demand can also be reduced through a
_4AAA2V014g-00353-00074132-00074399 rationalization of industrial production
_4AAA2V014g-00354-00074400-00074559 and a focus on the needs of the
_4AAA2V014g-00355-00074560-00074767 community rather than production
_4AAA2V014g-00356-00074768-00075087 for economic growth or profit we have
_4AAA2V014g-00357-00075088-00075279 the technology available to provide a
_4AAA2V014g-00358-00075280-00075455 clean energy system
_4AAA2V014g-00359-00075456-00075679 what remains is to disseminate these
_4AAA2V014g-00360-00075680-00075775 ideas and
_4AAA2V014g-00361-00075776-00076031 technologies and take control for
_4AAA2V014g-00362-00076032-00076199 ourselves
_4AAA2V014g-00363-00076200-00076526 housing the uk has some of the oldest
_4AAA2V014g-00364-00076527-00076711 housing stock in europe
_4AAA2V014g-00365-00076712-00077038 which is often droughty uninsulated
_4AAA2V014g-00366-00077039-00077319 and poorly designed in terms of heating
_4AAA2V014g-00367-00077320-00077359 and
_4AAA2V014g-00368-00077360-00077679 energy efficiency many houses were built
_4AAA2V014g-00369-00077680-00077879 before heating's invention
_4AAA2V014g-00370-00077880-00078255 and single glazing is still very common
_4AAA2V014g-00371-00078256-00078567 the stock also has a very low turnover
_4AAA2V014g-00372-00078568-00078862 as housing density is mainly low and
_4AAA2V014g-00373-00078863-00079087 houses are rarely demolished
_4AAA2V014g-00374-00079088-00079399 and replaced by their owners this puts
_4AAA2V014g-00375-00079400-00079591 many renters in the situation
_4AAA2V014g-00376-00079592-00079855 of having to accept droughty homes that
_4AAA2V014g-00377-00079856-00080015 are expensive to heat
_4AAA2V014g-00378-00080016-00080223 and that suffer from problems of mold
_4AAA2V014g-00379-00080224-00080382 and damp
_4AAA2V014g-00380-00080383-00080662 as new houses are built an opportunity
_4AAA2V014g-00381-00080663-00080894 arises to create homes which are energy
_4AAA2V014g-00382-00080895-00080967 efficient
_4AAA2V014g-00383-00080968-00081247 and even carbon neutral producing energy
_4AAA2V014g-00384-00081248-00081462 through solar and wind installations
_4AAA2V014g-00385-00081463-00081750 at a home or community scale this
_4AAA2V014g-00386-00081751-00081831 opportunity
_4AAA2V014g-00387-00081832-00082126 however is not being taken up due to the
_4AAA2V014g-00388-00082127-00082318 market's unwillingness
_4AAA2V014g-00389-00082319-00082535 to pay a premium for energy-efficient
_4AAA2V014g-00390-00082536-00082647 homes
_4AAA2V014g-00391-00082648-00082838 developers therefore maximize their
_4AAA2V014g-00392-00082839-00083094 profit at the expense of the environment
_4AAA2V014g-00393-00083095-00083311 by mostly building homes that need the
_4AAA2V014g-00394-00083312-00083526 usual fossil fuels for heating
_4AAA2V014g-00395-00083527-00083743 and are dependent on the current model
_4AAA2V014g-00396-00083744-00083879 of centralized
_4AAA2V014g-00397-00083880-00084238 carbon intensive energy networks this
_4AAA2V014g-00398-00084239-00084462 locks us into this model for decades to
_4AAA2V014g-00399-00084463-00084750 come or puts the cost of retrofitting
_4AAA2V014g-00400-00084751-00085079 on future generations
_4AAA2V014g-00401-00085080-00085335 zero carbon homes are possible with
_4AAA2V014g-00402-00085336-00085494 current technologies
_4AAA2V014g-00403-00085495-00085703 but they are not profitable enough for
_4AAA2V014g-00404-00085704-00085926 developers to build at scale
_4AAA2V014g-00405-00085927-00086182 creating homes with low energy demand
_4AAA2V014g-00406-00086183-00086367 and the ability to produce their own
_4AAA2V014g-00407-00086368-00086447 energy
_4AAA2V014g-00408-00086448-00086699 can allow people an increased level of
_4AAA2V014g-00409-00086700-00086838 self-sufficiency
_4AAA2V014g-00410-00086839-00087023 and the ability to meet the rest of
_4AAA2V014g-00411-00087024-00087255 their needs through community scale
_4AAA2V014g-00412-00087256-00087571 renewable energy schemes there is
_4AAA2V014g-00413-00087572-00087803 approximately
_4AAA2V014g-00414-00087804-00088118 837 billion pounds worth of housing
_4AAA2V014g-00415-00088119-00088406 in the private rental sector meaning
_4AAA2V014g-00416-00088407-00088479 that it is
_4AAA2V014g-00417-00088480-00088726 rented out for profit to people in need
_4AAA2V014g-00418-00088727-00088847 of a home
_4AAA2V014g-00419-00088848-00089071 while this housing remains in the hands
_4AAA2V014g-00420-00089072-00089206 of investors
_4AAA2V014g-00421-00089207-00089462 we will not see rents lowered and we
_4AAA2V014g-00422-00089463-00089511 will not
_4AAA2V014g-00423-00089512-00089718 see energy efficiency brought to the
_4AAA2V014g-00424-00089719-00090047 standards needed to avoid climate change
_4AAA2V014g-00425-00090048-00090271 the decisions on how buildings are
_4AAA2V014g-00426-00090272-00090367 designed
_4AAA2V014g-00427-00090368-00090638 run and the appliances which go into
_4AAA2V014g-00428-00090639-00090703 them
_4AAA2V014g-00429-00090704-00091047 are made in large by property developers
_4AAA2V014g-00430-00091048-00091318 who have few environmental constraints
_4AAA2V014g-00431-00091319-00091631 and only the profit motive to guide them
_4AAA2V014g-00432-00091632-00091943 ultimately we must move to a system
_4AAA2V014g-00433-00091944-00092279 where our environmental fate and general
_4AAA2V014g-00434-00092280-00092623 well-being is decided by ourselves with
_4AAA2V014g-00435-00092624-00092679 our
_4AAA2V014g-00436-00092680-00093023 own and our communities interests
_4AAA2V014g-00437-00093024-00093335 at heart sadly however
_4AAA2V014g-00438-00093336-00093518 when so many people are struggling to
_4AAA2V014g-00439-00093519-00093750 afford any home to live in
_4AAA2V014g-00440-00093751-00093982 energy efficiency will remain a low
_4AAA2V014g-00441-00093983-00094223 priority
_4AAA2V014g-00442-00094224-00094550 resource depletion climate change is not
_4AAA2V014g-00443-00094551-00094831 the only problem facing the environment
_4AAA2V014g-00444-00094832-00094950 we are consuming
_4AAA2V014g-00445-00094951-00095238 non-renewable resources at an alarming
_4AAA2V014g-00446-00095239-00095303 rate
_4AAA2V014g-00447-00095304-00095574 and pushing semi-renewable resources
_4AAA2V014g-00448-00095575-00095735 such as fish stocks
_4AAA2V014g-00449-00095736-00096047 to the point of collapse as a society we
_4AAA2V014g-00450-00096048-00096191 are treating these resources
_4AAA2V014g-00451-00096192-00096431 as if they are infinite despite very
_4AAA2V014g-00452-00096432-00096694 strong evidence to the contrary
_4AAA2V014g-00453-00096695-00096991 we mine rare earth metals for personal
_4AAA2V014g-00454-00096992-00097126 electronics
_4AAA2V014g-00455-00097127-00097387 phosphorus for fertilizer and oil for
_4AAA2V014g-00456-00097388-00097559 petrochemicals
_4AAA2V014g-00457-00097560-00097759 all of these are occurring at
_4AAA2V014g-00458-00097760-00097918 unsustainable rates
_4AAA2V014g-00459-00097919-00098215 because nature is economically cheap the
_4AAA2V014g-00460-00098216-00098447 cost of a product to a consumer is
_4AAA2V014g-00461-00098448-00098606 simply the cost of extracting the
_4AAA2V014g-00462-00098607-00098711 resource
_4AAA2V014g-00463-00098712-00099031 plus the catalysts profit there is no
_4AAA2V014g-00464-00099032-00099279 consideration of the opportunity cost of
_4AAA2V014g-00465-00099280-00099526 consuming a finite resource now
_4AAA2V014g-00466-00099527-00099703 in a way that means it will be
_4AAA2V014g-00467-00099704-00099991 unavailable for future generations
_4AAA2V014g-00468-00099992-00100243 again we have the problem of a negative
_4AAA2V014g-00469-00100244-00100382 externality
_4AAA2V014g-00470-00100383-00100655 the extra costs of living in for example
_4AAA2V014g-00471-00100656-00100871 a phosphorus limited world
_4AAA2V014g-00472-00100872-00101087 are not being born by the companies over
_4AAA2V014g-00473-00101088-00101311 exploiting resources today
_4AAA2V014g-00474-00101312-00101479 but are being pushed onto future
_4AAA2V014g-00475-00101480-00101679 generations
_4AAA2V014g-00476-00101680-00101959 short-term increases in profit growth
_4AAA2V014g-00477-00101960-00102062 and consumption
_4AAA2V014g-00478-00102063-00102335 are being prioritized over the stability
_4AAA2V014g-00479-00102336-00102606 of ecosystems and the availability of
_4AAA2V014g-00480-00102607-00102942 scant resources in the future
_4AAA2V014g-00481-00102943-00103254 from texas to uttar pradesh
_4AAA2V014g-00482-00103255-00103582 water resources are being over exploited
_4AAA2V014g-00483-00103583-00103847 either by farmers pumping groundwater to
_4AAA2V014g-00484-00103848-00104054 irrigate their crops in arid
_4AAA2V014g-00485-00104055-00104158 environments
_4AAA2V014g-00486-00104159-00104399 or by factory owners using it for
_4AAA2V014g-00487-00104400-00104599 industrial processes
_4AAA2V014g-00488-00104600-00104830 in a capitalist system the farmers
_4AAA2V014g-00489-00104831-00104990 compete against each other
_4AAA2V014g-00490-00104991-00105223 and must secure as much water as
_4AAA2V014g-00491-00105224-00105310 possible
_4AAA2V014g-00492-00105311-00105671 for their own farms to maximize profits
_4AAA2V014g-00493-00105672-00105863 they are also driven to produce the
_4AAA2V014g-00494-00105864-00106110 crops that will make them the most money
_4AAA2V014g-00495-00106111-00106423 even if they deplete local resources the
_4AAA2V014g-00496-00106424-00106599 net result is the depletion
_4AAA2V014g-00497-00106600-00106863 of groundwater so that wells either run
_4AAA2V014g-00498-00106864-00106943 dry
_4AAA2V014g-00499-00106944-00107143 or the cost of pumping water to the
_4AAA2V014g-00500-00107144-00107447 surface becomes too expensive
_4AAA2V014g-00501-00107448-00107758 this is a classic example of the tragedy
_4AAA2V014g-00502-00107759-00107863 of the commons
_4AAA2V014g-00503-00107864-00108158 whereby a communal resource is destroyed
_4AAA2V014g-00504-00108159-00108510 due to overuse by competing actors
_4AAA2V014g-00505-00108511-00108783 these kinds of problems are solvable and
_4AAA2V014g-00506-00108783-00108878 in fact
_4AAA2V014g-00507-00108879-00109143 eleanor ostrom won a nobel prize in
_4AAA2V014g-00508-00109144-00109239 economics for
_4AAA2V014g-00509-00109240-00109519 her work on how the commons can operate
_4AAA2V014g-00510-00109520-00109654 harmoniously
_4AAA2V014g-00511-00109655-00109910 her work highlighted the need for strong
_4AAA2V014g-00512-00109911-00110054 community networks
_4AAA2V014g-00513-00110055-00110263 that could work together to create their
_4AAA2V014g-00514-00110264-00110375 own rules
_4AAA2V014g-00515-00110376-00110607 over how communal resources could be
_4AAA2V014g-00516-00110608-00110695 shared
_4AAA2V014g-00517-00110696-00110966 in this way the best outcome for both
_4AAA2V014g-00518-00110967-00111134 individual and community
_4AAA2V014g-00519-00111135-00111366 can be achieved and the resource is
_4AAA2V014g-00520-00111367-00111654 preserved for future generations
_4AAA2V014g-00521-00111655-00111927 this is almost the exact opposite of the
_4AAA2V014g-00522-00111928-00112078 capitalist system
_4AAA2V014g-00523-00112079-00112358 when neighbours act as competitors and
_4AAA2V014g-00524-00112359-00112431 must fight
_4AAA2V014g-00525-00112432-00112607 to ensure they receive as much as
_4AAA2V014g-00526-00112608-00112775 possible despite
_4AAA2V014g-00527-00112776-00113110 the impact on the commons itself within
_4AAA2V014g-00528-00113111-00113358 a capitalist system these communal
_4AAA2V014g-00529-00113359-00113615 resources are doomed by overuse
_4AAA2V014g-00530-00113616-00113927 enclosure and destruction
_4AAA2V014g-00531-00113928-00114127 many of the resources required in the
_4AAA2V014g-00532-00114128-00114375 silicon age are harvested far from the
_4AAA2V014g-00533-00114376-00114623 regions that are dependent on them
_4AAA2V014g-00534-00114624-00114910 as resources become scarce in the future
_4AAA2V014g-00535-00114911-00115102 we can expect this to become an
_4AAA2V014g-00536-00115103-00115351 increasing source of conflict as
_4AAA2V014g-00537-00115352-00115415 governments
_4AAA2V014g-00538-00115416-00115615 and corporations try to control the
_4AAA2V014g-00539-00115616-00115743 supply
_4AAA2V014g-00540-00115744-00115910 this has already occurred most
_4AAA2V014g-00541-00115911-00116143 explicitly in the iraq war
_4AAA2V014g-00542-00116144-00116463 which was used to secure access to oil
_4AAA2V014g-00543-00116464-00116775 but it also occurs less overtly in the
_4AAA2V014g-00544-00116776-00116975 support of regimes which allow
_4AAA2V014g-00545-00116976-00117263 or are forced to agree with free trade
_4AAA2V014g-00546-00117264-00117454 and limited labor laws
_4AAA2V014g-00547-00117455-00117631 so that capital can exploit these
_4AAA2V014g-00548-00117632-00117831 resources cheaply
_4AAA2V014g-00549-00117832-00118102 here capitalists from medicis work hand
_4AAA2V014g-00550-00118103-00118271 in hand with their counterparts in
_4AAA2V014g-00551-00118272-00118383 ledc's
_4AAA2V014g-00552-00118383-00118639 to ensure gains in workers rights can be
_4AAA2V014g-00553-00118640-00118743 bypassed through
_4AAA2V014g-00554-00118744-00119054 outsourcing this outsourcing of labor
_4AAA2V014g-00555-00119055-00119334 also occurs with carbon emissions and
_4AAA2V014g-00556-00119335-00119639 other forms of environmental degradation
_4AAA2V014g-00557-00119640-00119958 as dirty jobs are shifted to regions
_4AAA2V014g-00558-00119959-00120223 with lower environmental regulations
_4AAA2V014g-00559-00120224-00120439 allowing rich nations to appear to be
_4AAA2V014g-00560-00120440-00120654 lowering their emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00561-00120655-00120934 the global superpowers need to secure
_4AAA2V014g-00562-00120935-00121095 access to resources
_4AAA2V014g-00563-00121096-00121375 to keep their citizens insulated from
_4AAA2V014g-00564-00121376-00121543 future climate shocks
_4AAA2V014g-00565-00121544-00121871 and thus ensure political stability
_4AAA2V014g-00566-00121872-00122166 in many cases this is taking the form of
_4AAA2V014g-00567-00122167-00122271 land grabs
_4AAA2V014g-00568-00122272-00122510 which are displacing local communities
_4AAA2V014g-00569-00122511-00122783 or forcing them into precarious labor
_4AAA2V014g-00570-00122783-00123102 the chinese state for example is buying
_4AAA2V014g-00571-00123103-00123127 up
_4AAA2V014g-00572-00123128-00123399 large tracts of africa the global
_4AAA2V014g-00573-00123400-00123599 implications of which we are yet to
_4AAA2V014g-00574-00123600-00123758 fully understand
_4AAA2V014g-00575-00123759-00124071 for the usa and european states
_4AAA2V014g-00576-00124072-00124327 this same process is taking place but
_4AAA2V014g-00577-00124328-00124375 through
_4AAA2V014g-00578-00124376-00124671 corporate proxies buying the land when
_4AAA2V014g-00579-00124672-00124847 scarcity bites
_4AAA2V014g-00580-00124848-00125095 it is likely that local populations
_4AAA2V014g-00581-00125096-00125407 resisting the export of needed resources
_4AAA2V014g-00582-00125408-00125631 will become hot spots for conflict
_4AAA2V014g-00583-00125632-00125751 against capital
_4AAA2V014g-00584-00125752-00126083 and the state this new form of economic
_4AAA2V014g-00585-00126083-00126199 colonialism
_4AAA2V014g-00586-00126200-00126647 must be resisted land ownership is also
_4AAA2V014g-00587-00126648-00126783 key as it
_4AAA2V014g-00588-00126783-00127095 alongside perverse market forces
_4AAA2V014g-00589-00127096-00127407 dictates how land is used and managed
_4AAA2V014g-00590-00127408-00127623 not all greenhouse gas emissions come
_4AAA2V014g-00591-00127624-00127847 from burning fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00592-00127848-00128199 many come from nitrogen dioxide released
_4AAA2V014g-00593-00128200-00128254 from
_4AAA2V014g-00594-00128255-00128639 fertilizer use in agriculture methane
_4AAA2V014g-00595-00128640-00128934 from anaerobic processes in waterlogged
_4AAA2V014g-00596-00128935-00129031 soils
_4AAA2V014g-00597-00129032-00129263 or simply from soil organic matter
_4AAA2V014g-00598-00129264-00129399 decomposing
_4AAA2V014g-00599-00129400-00129614 these types of emissions are dependent
_4AAA2V014g-00600-00129615-00129831 on the way the land is managed
_4AAA2V014g-00601-00129832-00130151 again in the current catalyst model
_4AAA2V014g-00602-00130152-00130302 there is little concern for the
_4AAA2V014g-00603-00130303-00130495 long-term health of the soil
_4AAA2V014g-00604-00130496-00130799 and no cost to the reducer for emitting
_4AAA2V014g-00605-00130800-00131135 nitrogen dioxide methane or co2
_4AAA2V014g-00606-00131136-00131447 while some forms of land degradation
_4AAA2V014g-00607-00131448-00131727 such as clearing rainforests for cattle
_4AAA2V014g-00608-00131728-00131887 using slash and burn
_4AAA2V014g-00609-00131888-00132327 are immediately obvious some are less so
_4AAA2V014g-00610-00132328-00132583 it can take generations before the soil
_4AAA2V014g-00611-00132584-00132751 becomes exhausted
_4AAA2V014g-00612-00132752-00132927 these kinds of problems are the most
_4AAA2V014g-00613-00132928-00133183 difficult to deal with when capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00614-00133184-00133319 are trying to maximize
_4AAA2V014g-00615-00133320-00133575 short-term profits or when farmers are
_4AAA2V014g-00616-00133576-00133719 struggling to get by
_4AAA2V014g-00617-00133720-00133983 and cannot afford to consider the impact
_4AAA2V014g-00618-00133984-00134214 of their agricultural methods
_4AAA2V014g-00619-00134215-00134535 we need therefore a holistic approach
_4AAA2V014g-00620-00134536-00134854 where all inputs and potential sources
_4AAA2V014g-00621-00134855-00135119 of environmental damage are considered
_4AAA2V014g-00622-00135120-00135359 and the land is held in common for the
_4AAA2V014g-00623-00135360-00135566 benefit of the whole community
_4AAA2V014g-00624-00135567-00135878 as well as future generations
_4AAA2V014g-00625-00135879-00136111 where we need to continue to use
_4AAA2V014g-00626-00136112-00136311 non-renewable resources
_4AAA2V014g-00627-00136312-00136535 we need to work towards the creation of
_4AAA2V014g-00628-00136536-00136687 a circular economy
_4AAA2V014g-00629-00136688-00136959 where the waste of one product is used
_4AAA2V014g-00630-00136960-00137175 as the input for the next
_4AAA2V014g-00631-00137176-00137423 this is starting to occur now but at a
_4AAA2V014g-00632-00137424-00137583 painfully slow rate
_4AAA2V014g-00633-00137584-00137839 due to the negative externality which
_4AAA2V014g-00634-00137840-00137983 gives little economic
_4AAA2V014g-00635-00137984-00138335 incentive to do so as discussed earlier
_4AAA2V014g-00636-00138336-00138607 this will surely change as we approach
_4AAA2V014g-00637-00138608-00138807 peak production of oil
_4AAA2V014g-00638-00138808-00139087 peak phosphorus and other resource
_4AAA2V014g-00639-00139088-00139214 limitations
_4AAA2V014g-00640-00139215-00139423 but these resources are currently being
_4AAA2V014g-00641-00139424-00139623 used in such a reckless manner
_4AAA2V014g-00642-00139624-00139887 that we are severely disadvantaging
_4AAA2V014g-00643-00139888-00140063 future generations
_4AAA2V014g-00644-00140064-00140271 we can manage limited resources
_4AAA2V014g-00645-00140272-00140375 effectively
_4AAA2V014g-00646-00140376-00140639 but only through production for need
_4AAA2V014g-00647-00140640-00140814 rather than for profit
_4AAA2V014g-00648-00140815-00141047 as well as a return to the commons and
_4AAA2V014g-00649-00141048-00141471 the creation of a truly circular economy
_4AAA2V014g-00650-00141472-00141823 full solutions most proposals for change
_4AAA2V014g-00651-00141824-00142014 do not question the overarching
_4AAA2V014g-00652-00142015-00142207 system of capitalism and the market
_4AAA2V014g-00653-00142208-00142343 economy
_4AAA2V014g-00654-00142344-00142614 the existence of private property the
_4AAA2V014g-00655-00142615-00142831 appropriation of nature as a source of
_4AAA2V014g-00656-00142832-00143014 growth and production for profit
_4AAA2V014g-00657-00143015-00143271 instead of need are at the root of the
_4AAA2V014g-00658-00143272-00143351 problem
_4AAA2V014g-00659-00143352-00143519 so that he cannot be part of the
_4AAA2V014g-00660-00143520-00143783 solution in this section
_4AAA2V014g-00661-00143784-00144031 we discuss the solutions offered by both
_4AAA2V014g-00662-00144032-00144190 capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00663-00144191-00144559 and left or green political parties
_4AAA2V014g-00664-00144560-00144854 as well as how they fail to address or
_4AAA2V014g-00665-00144855-00145039 only partially solve
_4AAA2V014g-00666-00145040-00145454 the problems we face climate summits
_4AAA2V014g-00667-00145455-00145775 and national carbon budgets
_4AAA2V014g-00668-00145776-00145975 there have been numerous international
_4AAA2V014g-00669-00145976-00146126 climate summits
_4AAA2V014g-00670-00146127-00146359 but very little has been agreed as a
_4AAA2V014g-00671-00146360-00146487 result of them
_4AAA2V014g-00672-00146488-00146823 and even less actually implemented
_4AAA2V014g-00673-00146824-00147054 most world leaders are unwilling to
_4AAA2V014g-00674-00147055-00147151 sacrifice the
_4AAA2V014g-00675-00147152-00147495 economic growth of their nation even if
_4AAA2V014g-00676-00147496-00147743 it is to secure the long-term future of
_4AAA2V014g-00677-00147744-00147919 the species
_4AAA2V014g-00678-00147920-00148214 election cycles are a lot shorter than
_4AAA2V014g-00679-00148215-00148359 climate cycles
_4AAA2V014g-00680-00148360-00148654 and so politicians find it easy to dodge
_4AAA2V014g-00681-00148655-00148759 the issues
_4AAA2V014g-00682-00148760-00149078 and focus on short-term popularity with
_4AAA2V014g-00683-00149079-00149223 their financial backers
_4AAA2V014g-00684-00149224-00149575 and voters carbon budgets set at these
_4AAA2V014g-00685-00149576-00149775 summits are designed to have very little
_4AAA2V014g-00686-00149776-00149983 impact on the industries of the nations
_4AAA2V014g-00687-00149984-00150319 involved they set a laughably low bar
_4AAA2V014g-00688-00150320-00150551 which allows business as usual with
_4AAA2V014g-00689-00150552-00150726 little interruption to the rate of
_4AAA2V014g-00690-00150727-00150854 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00691-00150855-00151063 very little can be achieved at these
_4AAA2V014g-00692-00151064-00151247 summits for the simple reason that the
_4AAA2V014g-00693-00151248-00151495 needs of the planet's ecosystem
_4AAA2V014g-00694-00151496-00151695 do not align with the motivations of
_4AAA2V014g-00695-00151696-00151823 capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00696-00151824-00152023 whose opinions are put forward by their
_4AAA2V014g-00697-00152024-00152302 parliamentary representatives
_4AAA2V014g-00698-00152303-00152519 there are a few notable exceptions to
_4AAA2V014g-00699-00152520-00152607 this rule
_4AAA2V014g-00700-00152608-00152854 but these are largely from capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00701-00152855-00152990 who have invested
_4AAA2V014g-00702-00152991-00153302 heavily in cleaner technologies and thus
_4AAA2V014g-00703-00153303-00153495 stand to gain from a shift away from
_4AAA2V014g-00704-00153496-00153639 fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00705-00153640-00153847 while climate summits do bring some
_4AAA2V014g-00706-00153848-00154102 periodic publicity to the issue
_4AAA2V014g-00707-00154103-00154335 they also reinforce a state-centric
_4AAA2V014g-00708-00154336-00154454 model of change
_4AAA2V014g-00709-00154455-00154695 which disempowers communities and
_4AAA2V014g-00710-00154696-00154911 encourages people to wait for progress
_4AAA2V014g-00711-00154912-00155031 from above
_4AAA2V014g-00712-00155032-00155199 we can use these moments of media
_4AAA2V014g-00713-00155200-00155447 publicity to our advantage
_4AAA2V014g-00714-00155448-00155663 but it would be a mistake to assume
_4AAA2V014g-00715-00155664-00155854 politicians will act in the interests of
_4AAA2V014g-00716-00155855-00156023 the planet as a whole
_4AAA2V014g-00717-00156024-00156271 rather than the economic interests of
_4AAA2V014g-00718-00156272-00156566 their backers
_4AAA2V014g-00719-00156567-00156895 carbon trading and carbon capture
_4AAA2V014g-00720-00156896-00157143 carbon capture and storage promises to
_4AAA2V014g-00721-00157144-00157326 allow the continuation of a fossil
_4AAA2V014g-00722-00157327-00157478 fuel-based economy
_4AAA2V014g-00723-00157479-00157807 by capturing co2 released and storing it
_4AAA2V014g-00724-00157808-00157959 underground
_4AAA2V014g-00725-00157960-00158263 at present this technology has not been
_4AAA2V014g-00726-00158264-00158319 proven
_4AAA2V014g-00727-00158320-00158590 at large scale and there are question
_4AAA2V014g-00728-00158591-00158831 marks over the stability of the co2 that
_4AAA2V014g-00729-00158832-00158951 is stored
_4AAA2V014g-00730-00158952-00159326 the capture and storage of co2 also uses
_4AAA2V014g-00731-00159327-00159614 a considerable amount of energy itself
_4AAA2V014g-00732-00159615-00159814 creating more inefficiency
_4AAA2V014g-00733-00159815-00160183 and waste even if the technology works
_4AAA2V014g-00734-00160184-00160543 it does not address the fact that global
_4AAA2V014g-00735-00160544-00160783 reserves of fossil fuels are limited it
_4AAA2V014g-00736-00160784-00161023 just allows us to continue using them
_4AAA2V014g-00737-00161024-00161151 until they run out
_4AAA2V014g-00738-00161152-00161399 at greater levels of inefficiency
_4AAA2V014g-00739-00161400-00161647 postponing the inevitable switch
_4AAA2V014g-00740-00161648-00162031 to renewable energy carbon trading
_4AAA2V014g-00741-00162032-00162343 aims to cap the total amount of co2 that
_4AAA2V014g-00742-00162344-00162566 can be released by the world economy
_4AAA2V014g-00743-00162567-00162783 while allowing flexibility by allowing
_4AAA2V014g-00744-00162784-00162966 companies and nations
_4AAA2V014g-00745-00162967-00163175 to trade their allowance of co2
_4AAA2V014g-00746-00163176-00163295 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00747-00163296-00163502 the main problem with this is that it
_4AAA2V014g-00748-00163503-00163743 allows corporations and countries
_4AAA2V014g-00749-00163744-00163935 to continue emitting large amounts of
_4AAA2V014g-00750-00163936-00164054 co2
_4AAA2V014g-00751-00164055-00164254 just as long as they have the cash to
_4AAA2V014g-00752-00164255-00164478 buy the permits to do so
_4AAA2V014g-00753-00164479-00164735 this creates further inequality between
_4AAA2V014g-00754-00164736-00164895 those who can pay
_4AAA2V014g-00755-00164896-00165190 and those who can't allowing consumption
_4AAA2V014g-00756-00165191-00165278 to continue
_4AAA2V014g-00757-00165279-00165647 in rich areas at the expense of the poor
_4AAA2V014g-00758-00165648-00165863 some corporations will simply find
_4AAA2V014g-00759-00165864-00165959 loopholes
_4AAA2V014g-00760-00165960-00166238 or illegally produce more emissions by
_4AAA2V014g-00761-00166239-00166551 hiding them from regulatory authorities
_4AAA2V014g-00762-00166552-00166847 or bribing those in charge the case of
_4AAA2V014g-00763-00166848-00167063 volkswagen diesel emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00764-00167064-00167278 is perhaps the most famous recent
_4AAA2V014g-00765-00167279-00167487 example of this behavior
_4AAA2V014g-00766-00167488-00167687 there have also been problems reaching
_4AAA2V014g-00767-00167688-00167799 agreements on how a
_4AAA2V014g-00768-00167800-00168054 trading system would work and setting a
_4AAA2V014g-00769-00168055-00168271 price of carbon which actually
_4AAA2V014g-00770-00168272-00168590 affects corporate behavior the overall
_4AAA2V014g-00771-00168591-00168871 effect of a trading scheme is to slow
_4AAA2V014g-00772-00168872-00169023 the rate of change
_4AAA2V014g-00773-00169024-00169254 by allowing the big polluters to buy
_4AAA2V014g-00774-00169255-00169414 their way out of the problem
_4AAA2V014g-00775-00169415-00169735 instead of reducing their emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00776-00169736-00170054 green and ethical capitalism if the
_4AAA2V014g-00777-00170055-00170271 subjugation of the working class is
_4AAA2V014g-00778-00170272-00170399 solar-powered
_4AAA2V014g-00779-00170400-00170638 does it make it any better green
_4AAA2V014g-00780-00170639-00170871 capitalism hopes to replace fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00781-00170872-00171014 with renewables
_4AAA2V014g-00782-00171015-00171383 whilst leaving the overall system intact
_4AAA2V014g-00783-00171384-00171566 although this might help in the short
_4AAA2V014g-00784-00171567-00171823 term it does not address over
_4AAA2V014g-00785-00171824-00171926 consumption
_4AAA2V014g-00786-00171927-00172166 the production of for profit rather than
_4AAA2V014g-00787-00172167-00172295 needs
_4AAA2V014g-00788-00172296-00172607 resource depletion overfishing or mass
_4AAA2V014g-00789-00172608-00172926 extinctions this proposed solution
_4AAA2V014g-00790-00172927-00173183 completely ignores capitalism's drive to
_4AAA2V014g-00791-00173184-00173351 produce more and more
_4AAA2V014g-00792-00173352-00173623 in order to drive up profits always
_4AAA2V014g-00793-00173624-00173687 pushing
_4AAA2V014g-00794-00173688-00173902 at the limits of available energy and
_4AAA2V014g-00795-00173903-00174071 resources
_4AAA2V014g-00796-00174072-00174366 this overproduction can take many forms
_4AAA2V014g-00797-00174367-00174559 from consumer goods made
_4AAA2V014g-00798-00174560-00174863 to need regular replacing to vast
_4AAA2V014g-00799-00174864-00175151 standing armies with huge technological
_4AAA2V014g-00800-00175152-00175543 and industrial resources devoted to them
_4AAA2V014g-00801-00175544-00175783 a significant proportion of current
_4AAA2V014g-00802-00175784-00175863 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00803-00175864-00176071 comes from this military-industrial
_4AAA2V014g-00804-00176072-00176183 complex
_4AAA2V014g-00805-00176184-00176502 and until recently armies were exempt
_4AAA2V014g-00806-00176503-00176695 from reporting emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00807-00176696-00176919 this meant that the u.s military could
_4AAA2V014g-00808-00176920-00177111 hide that it is responsible
_4AAA2V014g-00809-00177112-00177335 for approximately five percent of global
_4AAA2V014g-00810-00177336-00177454 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00811-00177455-00177671 during times of war emissions from
_4AAA2V014g-00812-00177672-00177902 militaries increased dramatically
_4AAA2V014g-00813-00177903-00178151 not to mention the human cost as well as
_4AAA2V014g-00814-00178152-00178383 the resources needed to rebuild homes
_4AAA2V014g-00815-00178384-00178414 and
_4AAA2V014g-00816-00178415-00178735 infrastructure after the war is over
_4AAA2V014g-00817-00178736-00179007 c the green zone the environmental cost
_4AAA2V014g-00818-00179008-00179135 of militarism
_4AAA2V014g-00819-00179136-00179487 for more discussion if we address these
_4AAA2V014g-00820-00179488-00179711 issues of where production is targeted
_4AAA2V014g-00821-00179712-00179871 at the same time as we attempt to
_4AAA2V014g-00822-00179872-00180038 replace fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-00823-00180039-00180214 we will find the total energy
_4AAA2V014g-00824-00180215-00180543 requirement of our society decreases
_4AAA2V014g-00825-00180544-00180751 making the shift to renewable energy
_4AAA2V014g-00826-00180752-00180919 easier to manage
_4AAA2V014g-00827-00180920-00181151 even if green capitalism can help us in
_4AAA2V014g-00828-00181152-00181263 the short term
_4AAA2V014g-00829-00181264-00181535 the next ecological crisis will always
_4AAA2V014g-00830-00181536-00181566 be
_4AAA2V014g-00831-00181567-00181807 just around the corner if we continue
_4AAA2V014g-00832-00181808-00181943 under this system
_4AAA2V014g-00833-00181944-00182166 in fact the provision of cheap and
_4AAA2V014g-00834-00182167-00182407 plentiful renewable energy systems
_4AAA2V014g-00835-00182408-00182702 could hasten other resource consumption
_4AAA2V014g-00836-00182703-00182911 as energy ceases to be the limiting
_4AAA2V014g-00837-00182912-00183071 factor
_4AAA2V014g-00838-00183072-00183295 where small changes are happening to
_4AAA2V014g-00839-00183296-00183599 ecologically sound energy systems
_4AAA2V014g-00840-00183600-00183871 capital is demanding public subsidy to
_4AAA2V014g-00841-00183872-00183943 underwrite
_4AAA2V014g-00842-00183944-00184223 the schemes ensuring private gain at
_4AAA2V014g-00843-00184224-00184390 public risk
_4AAA2V014g-00844-00184391-00184638 many states are now torn between the
_4AAA2V014g-00845-00184639-00184847 vast resources of big oil
_4AAA2V014g-00846-00184848-00185038 the emerging growth markets of green
_4AAA2V014g-00847-00185039-00185343 energy and public opinion
_4AAA2V014g-00848-00185344-00185726 as a result most medcs have defaulted
_4AAA2V014g-00849-00185727-00185950 to a compromised position which allows
_4AAA2V014g-00850-00185951-00186143 business as usual for oil
_4AAA2V014g-00851-00186144-00186423 whilst also offering enough subsidies to
_4AAA2V014g-00852-00186424-00186502 provide
_4AAA2V014g-00853-00186503-00186766 green growth to the economy and placate
_4AAA2V014g-00854-00186767-00186902 the public
_4AAA2V014g-00855-00186903-00187087 where green schemes interfere with
_4AAA2V014g-00856-00187088-00187254 capital however
_4AAA2V014g-00857-00187255-00187590 this is not tolerated a recent example
_4AAA2V014g-00858-00187591-00187702 of this can be seen
_4AAA2V014g-00859-00187703-00187990 in the uk central government stepping in
_4AAA2V014g-00860-00187991-00188087 to overrule
_4AAA2V014g-00861-00188088-00188295 local councils that decided against
_4AAA2V014g-00862-00188296-00188502 fracking in their regen
_4AAA2V014g-00863-00188503-00188790 tax revenues from the new shale gas boom
_4AAA2V014g-00864-00188791-00188950 were given priority
_4AAA2V014g-00865-00188951-00189263 over local communities
_4AAA2V014g-00866-00189264-00189566 we can expect capitalists and the state
_4AAA2V014g-00867-00189567-00189783 to use the many crises created by
_4AAA2V014g-00868-00189784-00189887 climate change
_4AAA2V014g-00869-00189888-00190071 as an opportunity to increase their
_4AAA2V014g-00870-00190072-00190295 control over the working class
_4AAA2V014g-00871-00190296-00190575 this will likely occur by both
_4AAA2V014g-00872-00190576-00190743 socializing the costs of
_4AAA2V014g-00873-00190744-00190999 adaptation whilst privatizing the
_4AAA2V014g-00874-00191000-00191095 profits
_4AAA2V014g-00875-00191096-00191243 as well as through increased
_4AAA2V014g-00876-00191244-00191487 authoritarianism and nationalism
_4AAA2V014g-00877-00191488-00191687 justified by the need to manage the
_4AAA2V014g-00878-00191688-00191935 crisis and keep the flows of climate
_4AAA2V014g-00879-00191936-00192007 refugees
_4AAA2V014g-00880-00192008-00192287 out the climate crisis is already
_4AAA2V014g-00881-00192288-00192535 creating instability in food prices
_4AAA2V014g-00882-00192536-00192750 that has led to civil unrest across the
_4AAA2V014g-00883-00192751-00192919 globe the capitalist
_4AAA2V014g-00884-00192920-00193190 class will not be the ones to feel the
_4AAA2V014g-00885-00193191-00193359 sharp end of these problems
_4AAA2V014g-00886-00193360-00193590 as they will always be able to pass the
_4AAA2V014g-00887-00193591-00193790 costs onto their workers
_4AAA2V014g-00888-00193791-00193966 and use their wealth to insulate
_4AAA2V014g-00889-00193967-00194199 themselves from any shortages
_4AAA2V014g-00890-00194200-00194511 furthermore calls for green or ethical
_4AAA2V014g-00891-00194512-00194623 consumerism
_4AAA2V014g-00892-00194624-00194911 are also deeply flawed as the carbon
_4AAA2V014g-00893-00194912-00195111 footprint of rich consumers is
_4AAA2V014g-00894-00195112-00195263 dramatically higher than that of the
_4AAA2V014g-00895-00195264-00195326 poor
_4AAA2V014g-00896-00195327-00195583 whether they consume green products or
_4AAA2V014g-00897-00195584-00195663 not
_4AAA2V014g-00898-00195664-00195935 many so-called green products are only
_4AAA2V014g-00899-00195936-00196150 marginally better than the product that
_4AAA2V014g-00900-00196151-00196295 they are replacing
_4AAA2V014g-00901-00196296-00196583 and act as an excuse for continued high
_4AAA2V014g-00902-00196584-00196750 levels of consumption
_4AAA2V014g-00903-00196751-00196999 rather than producing an overall net
_4AAA2V014g-00904-00197000-00197183 reduction in emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00905-00197184-00197478 this lifestylism allows wealthy people
_4AAA2V014g-00906-00197479-00197735 living in medcs to assuage their guilt
_4AAA2V014g-00907-00197736-00197919 and feel they're doing their bit
_4AAA2V014g-00908-00197920-00198183 whilst in many cases compounding the
_4AAA2V014g-00909-00198184-00198231 issue
_4AAA2V014g-00910-00198232-00198414 or simply shifting the location of the
_4AAA2V014g-00911-00198415-00198590 emissions or pollutions
_4AAA2V014g-00912-00198591-00198926 to ledc's where resources and labor are
_4AAA2V014g-00913-00198927-00199102 cheap
_4AAA2V014g-00914-00199103-00199463 state control historically the state has
_4AAA2V014g-00915-00199464-00199719 acted as a mediator between capital and
_4AAA2V014g-00916-00199720-00199799 nature
_4AAA2V014g-00917-00199800-00200038 it has provided the legitimacy required
_4AAA2V014g-00918-00200039-00200254 for capital to own and profit from
_4AAA2V014g-00919-00200255-00200335 nature
_4AAA2V014g-00920-00200336-00200631 through acts of enclosure sale of public
_4AAA2V014g-00921-00200632-00200719 land
_4AAA2V014g-00922-00200720-00201031 and the eradication of the commons
_4AAA2V014g-00923-00201032-00201311 once it had achieved this it offered up
_4AAA2V014g-00924-00201312-00201566 further services to capital by enforcing
_4AAA2V014g-00925-00201567-00201766 property rights with its police force
_4AAA2V014g-00926-00201767-00201823 and
_4AAA2V014g-00927-00201824-00202078 judicial system ensuring that no one
_4AAA2V014g-00928-00202079-00202326 could challenge the right to own nature
_4AAA2V014g-00929-00202327-00202599 in the modern era the state at first
_4AAA2V014g-00930-00202600-00202799 tried to control the flows of capital
_4AAA2V014g-00931-00202800-00202847 across
_4AAA2V014g-00932-00202848-00203119 its geographic borders through taxation
_4AAA2V014g-00933-00203120-00203223 and duties
_4AAA2V014g-00934-00203224-00203471 but more recently free trade has
_4AAA2V014g-00935-00203472-00203583 prevailed
_4AAA2V014g-00936-00203584-00203838 now the state's role has retreated to
_4AAA2V014g-00937-00203839-00204063 simply providing the rights and permits
_4AAA2V014g-00938-00204064-00204302 that legitimize the further enclosure of
_4AAA2V014g-00939-00204303-00204414 nature
_4AAA2V014g-00940-00204415-00204687 where necessary the status also helps
_4AAA2V014g-00941-00204688-00204735 tame
_4AAA2V014g-00942-00204736-00204927 nature for capital providing the
_4AAA2V014g-00943-00204928-00205182 infrastructure at public expense
_4AAA2V014g-00944-00205183-00205446 that allows expansion to new markets
_4AAA2V014g-00945-00205448-00205638 puts barren land into use
_4AAA2V014g-00946-00205639-00205927 and gets employees to work on time in
_4AAA2V014g-00947-00205928-00206110 planned economies with greater state
_4AAA2V014g-00948-00206111-00206198 control
_4AAA2V014g-00949-00206200-00206446 such as china we are seeing a rapid
_4AAA2V014g-00950-00206448-00206606 change in energy policy
_4AAA2V014g-00951-00206607-00206903 and action on co2 as the state can
_4AAA2V014g-00952-00206904-00207086 dictate the energy mix to a greater
_4AAA2V014g-00953-00207087-00207231 degree
_4AAA2V014g-00954-00207232-00207438 china has the fastest growing solar
_4AAA2V014g-00955-00207439-00207614 industry in the world
_4AAA2V014g-00956-00207615-00207814 and is installing renewable energy
_4AAA2V014g-00957-00207815-00208062 sources at an impressive rate
_4AAA2V014g-00958-00208063-00208334 this top-down approach however comes
_4AAA2V014g-00959-00208335-00208510 with its drawbacks
_4AAA2V014g-00960-00208511-00208814 large-scale hydropower has become a key
_4AAA2V014g-00961-00208815-00209071 part of the energy mix in china leading
_4AAA2V014g-00962-00209071-00209286 to the displacement of millions who are
_4AAA2V014g-00963-00209287-00209551 living in the areas now underwater above
_4AAA2V014g-00964-00209552-00209919 dams this had also led to the extinction
_4AAA2V014g-00965-00209919-00210223 of numerous species of aquatic life
_4AAA2V014g-00966-00210223-00210455 for the people living in these regions
_4AAA2V014g-00967-00210456-00210606 there was little that could be done to
_4AAA2V014g-00968-00210607-00210655 stop
_4AAA2V014g-00969-00210656-00210927 projects like the free gorgeous dam
_4AAA2V014g-00970-00210928-00211175 scientists working on the project
_4AAA2V014g-00971-00211176-00211375 allege their environmental impact
_4AAA2V014g-00972-00211376-00211591 studies were doctored before being
_4AAA2V014g-00973-00211592-00211655 presented
_4AAA2V014g-00974-00211656-00211934 to planning committees with state
_4AAA2V014g-00975-00211935-00212242 planning come the usual disadvantages
_4AAA2V014g-00976-00212244-00212542 centralization of large schemes no
_4AAA2V014g-00977-00212544-00212815 direct ownership or management by local
_4AAA2V014g-00978-00212816-00212927 communities
_4AAA2V014g-00979-00212928-00213127 and increased power for the state
_4AAA2V014g-00980-00213128-00213327 apparatus itself
_4AAA2V014g-00981-00213328-00213527 states have always acted in their own
_4AAA2V014g-00982-00213528-00213782 interests and those of the capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-00983-00213783-00213927 they represent
_4AAA2V014g-00984-00213928-00214110 rather than in the interests of the
_4AAA2V014g-00985-00214111-00214239 people they rule
_4AAA2V014g-00986-00214240-00214591 or of the planet itself
_4AAA2V014g-00987-00214592-00214927 the divestment movement the fossil fuel
_4AAA2V014g-00988-00214928-00215175 divestment campaign seeks to pressurize
_4AAA2V014g-00989-00215176-00215439 companies and governments to take action
_4AAA2V014g-00990-00215440-00215646 by making co2 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-00991-00215648-00215855 the next item on the responsible
_4AAA2V014g-00992-00215856-00216039 capitalism agenda
_4AAA2V014g-00993-00216040-00216327 the divestment tactic is based on the
_4AAA2V014g-00994-00216328-00216398 fallacy
_4AAA2V014g-00995-00216400-00216615 that divestment can raise the cost of
_4AAA2V014g-00996-00216616-00216815 capital for the fossil industry
_4AAA2V014g-00997-00216816-00217103 and thus limit further exploration or
_4AAA2V014g-00998-00217104-00217223 extraction
_4AAA2V014g-00999-00217223-00217487 this is simply not the case many fossil
_4AAA2V014g-01000-00217488-00217606 fuel companies are not
_4AAA2V014g-01001-00217607-00217887 publicly traded and those that are do
_4AAA2V014g-01002-00217888-00218103 not raise money through issuing new
_4AAA2V014g-01003-00218104-00218206 shares
_4AAA2V014g-01004-00218207-00218479 also the movement ignores the fact that
_4AAA2V014g-01005-00218480-00218694 for every public body divesting from
_4AAA2V014g-01006-00218696-00218823 fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-01007-00218823-00219079 there is also consequently a buyer of
_4AAA2V014g-01008-00219080-00219319 the shares investing in fossil fuels
_4AAA2V014g-01009-00219319-00219567 all that changes is who receives company
_4AAA2V014g-01010-00219567-00219663 dividends
_4AAA2V014g-01011-00219664-00220006 and who gets a vote at the agm's
_4AAA2V014g-01012-00220007-00220263 around 70 percent of oil reserves are
_4AAA2V014g-01013-00220264-00220398 owned by states
_4AAA2V014g-01014-00220400-00220751 or nationalized state companies eg
_4AAA2V014g-01015-00220752-00221182 saudi arabia iran norway qatar
_4AAA2V014g-01016-00221183-00221487 so the main targets of divestment such
_4AAA2V014g-01017-00221488-00221510 as
_4AAA2V014g-01018-00221511-00221791 shell and bp are actually only small
_4AAA2V014g-01019-00221792-00222039 parts of global oil production
_4AAA2V014g-01020-00222040-00222223 in the current capitalist system where
_4AAA2V014g-01021-00222223-00222423 economic actors compete for limited
_4AAA2V014g-01022-00222423-00222551 resources
_4AAA2V014g-01023-00222552-00222734 there is no place for environmental
_4AAA2V014g-01024-00222735-00222855 concerns
_4AAA2V014g-01025-00222856-00223119 the owners of fossil fuels are
_4AAA2V014g-01026-00223119-00223310 incentivized to produce as much as
_4AAA2V014g-01027-00223311-00223398 possible
_4AAA2V014g-01028-00223400-00223655 before any potential legislation stops
_4AAA2V014g-01029-00223656-00223727 them
_4AAA2V014g-01030-00223728-00223934 at the same time they will try their
_4AAA2V014g-01031-00223935-00224087 hardest to limit or delay
_4AAA2V014g-01032-00224088-00224446 any such legislation it cannot
_4AAA2V014g-01033-00224448-00224742 succeed in constraining fossil fuel use
_4AAA2V014g-01034-00224744-00224903 without addressing both the huge
_4AAA2V014g-01035-00224904-00225079 reserves in state hands
_4AAA2V014g-01036-00225080-00225255 and a system that allows the wealthy
_4AAA2V014g-01037-00225256-00225406 elite to control
_4AAA2V014g-01038-00225407-00225671 environmental and economic policy for
_4AAA2V014g-01039-00225671-00225879 its own gain
_4AAA2V014g-01040-00225880-00226158 the movement has had some success in
_4AAA2V014g-01041-00226159-00226206 bringing
_4AAA2V014g-01042-00226207-00226455 awareness of climate issues to campuses
_4AAA2V014g-01043-00226456-00226679 and religious institutions
_4AAA2V014g-01044-00226680-00226951 action is needed on campus as many
_4AAA2V014g-01045-00226952-00227063 universities
_4AAA2V014g-01046-00227064-00227287 offered courses tailored to the fossil
_4AAA2V014g-01047-00227288-00227406 fuel industry
_4AAA2V014g-01048-00227407-00227646 despite the necessity of oil and coal
_4AAA2V014g-01049-00227648-00227742 extraction
_4AAA2V014g-01050-00227744-00228015 ending in the very near future fossil
_4AAA2V014g-01051-00228016-00228142 fuel companies can
_4AAA2V014g-01052-00228144-00228423 maintain a veneer of legitimacy by
_4AAA2V014g-01053-00228423-00228663 partnering with academia
_4AAA2V014g-01054-00228664-00228951 divestment then can be a useful tool in
_4AAA2V014g-01055-00228952-00229110 building a movement around climate
_4AAA2V014g-01056-00229111-00229175 change
_4AAA2V014g-01057-00229176-00229406 however it is also a movement that has
_4AAA2V014g-01058-00229407-00229639 set goals that are unlikely to influence
_4AAA2V014g-01059-00229640-00229798 fossil fuel extraction
_4AAA2V014g-01060-00229800-00230103 in any meaningful way furthermore
_4AAA2V014g-01061-00230104-00230334 by calling for reinvestment in green
_4AAA2V014g-01062-00230335-00230455 technologies
_4AAA2V014g-01063-00230456-00230703 the divestment campaign reiterates the
_4AAA2V014g-01064-00230704-00230927 green capitalist programme
_4AAA2V014g-01065-00230928-00231223 primitivism and technology in the face
_4AAA2V014g-01066-00231223-00231431 of ecological catastrophe
_4AAA2V014g-01067-00231432-00231615 and the destruction of habitats all over
_4AAA2V014g-01068-00231616-00231863 the world some propose a return to more
_4AAA2V014g-01069-00231864-00232087 primitive societies such as
_4AAA2V014g-01070-00232088-00232382 subsistence agriculture or a nomadic
_4AAA2V014g-01071-00232383-00232615 hunter-gatherer existence
_4AAA2V014g-01072-00232616-00232951 they argue that complex societies of any
_4AAA2V014g-01073-00232952-00233015 kind
_4AAA2V014g-01074-00233016-00233279 will always be destructive and we should
_4AAA2V014g-01075-00233280-00233342 therefore
_4AAA2V014g-01076-00233344-00233655 abandon the use of nearly all technology
_4AAA2V014g-01077-00233656-00233879 whilst this does seem like a simple way
_4AAA2V014g-01078-00233880-00234046 of solving many environmental
_4AAA2V014g-01079-00234048-00234351 problems it has many issues of its own
_4AAA2V014g-01080-00234352-00234582 it would prevent many people across the
_4AAA2V014g-01081-00234583-00234806 world from maintaining or increasing
_4AAA2V014g-01082-00234807-00234991 their standard of living
_4AAA2V014g-01083-00234992-00235255 most stamming of all it would require
_4AAA2V014g-01084-00235256-00235519 the current population to be devastated
_4AAA2V014g-01085-00235519-00235727 in order for the number of people to be
_4AAA2V014g-01086-00235728-00235894 reduced to a level where it would be
_4AAA2V014g-01087-00235896-00236015 viable
_4AAA2V014g-01088-00236016-00236327 many of its proponents freely admit this
_4AAA2V014g-01089-00236328-00236551 along with the fact that those of us who
_4AAA2V014g-01090-00236552-00236734 rely on medical technology
_4AAA2V014g-01091-00236735-00237055 would be left to deteriorate or die
_4AAA2V014g-01092-00237056-00237367 ultimately we as anarchists want to
_4AAA2V014g-01093-00237367-00237558 create a world without work
_4AAA2V014g-01094-00237559-00237782 not a world of constant toil and
_4AAA2V014g-01095-00237783-00237967 struggle to survive
_4AAA2V014g-01096-00237967-00238198 we want to be free to live comfortable
_4AAA2V014g-01097-00238200-00238415 lives and give ourselves the freedom to
_4AAA2V014g-01098-00238416-00238582 pursue the endeavors we choose
_4AAA2V014g-01099-00238583-00238919 art science sport travel and more
_4AAA2V014g-01100-00238919-00239206 an overhaul of our energy and production
_4AAA2V014g-01101-00239207-00239303 systems
_4AAA2V014g-01102-00239304-00239582 can allow us to use technology without
_4AAA2V014g-01103-00239583-00239767 wrecking the environment
_4AAA2V014g-01104-00239767-00240071 the opposite extreme that of a reliance
_4AAA2V014g-01105-00240071-00240287 on some future technological magic
_4AAA2V014g-01106-00240288-00240342 bullet
_4AAA2V014g-01107-00240344-00240582 yet to be developed has many of its own
_4AAA2V014g-01108-00240583-00240679 problems
_4AAA2V014g-01109-00240680-00240951 it is used by many capitalists to
_4AAA2V014g-01110-00240952-00241015 justify
_4AAA2V014g-01111-00241016-00241319 a continuation of business as usual
_4AAA2V014g-01112-00241319-00241582 doing nothing but waiting and hoping in
_4AAA2V014g-01113-00241583-00241846 the face of environmental collapse
_4AAA2V014g-01114-00241848-00242110 science and technology will certainly be
_4AAA2V014g-01115-00242111-00242271 part of any solution
_4AAA2V014g-01116-00242271-00242534 but without accompanying economic and
_4AAA2V014g-01117-00242535-00242703 political changes
_4AAA2V014g-01118-00242704-00242967 they would very likely be used to
_4AAA2V014g-01119-00242967-00243127 increase the exploitation
_4AAA2V014g-01120-00243128-00243455 and inequality in our society
_4AAA2V014g-01121-00243456-00243775 technology is never entirely neutral
_4AAA2V014g-01122-00243776-00243991 and is shaped by the society it is
_4AAA2V014g-01123-00243992-00244103 developed in
_4AAA2V014g-01124-00244104-00244430 as much as by scientific discovery
_4AAA2V014g-01125-00244431-00244687 technology is far more likely to receive
_4AAA2V014g-01126-00244688-00244791 investment
_4AAA2V014g-01127-00244792-00245094 and achieve widespread adoption under
_4AAA2V014g-01128-00245096-00245198 capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-01129-00245200-00245391 if it can produce more profit for
_4AAA2V014g-01130-00245392-00245503 capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-01131-00245504-00245823 or more control for governments within
_4AAA2V014g-01132-00245823-00245934 this argument
_4AAA2V014g-01133-00245935-00246175 it is perhaps also worth considering the
_4AAA2V014g-01134-00246176-00246351 role of nuclear energy
_4AAA2V014g-01135-00246352-00246687 in any future energy mix nuclear energy
_4AAA2V014g-01136-00246688-00246903 seems very attractive in that it can
_4AAA2V014g-01137-00246904-00247063 replace the stable supply
_4AAA2V014g-01138-00247064-00247358 we recurrently rely on coal and gas for
_4AAA2V014g-01139-00247359-00247598 co2 emissions are lower than for fossil
_4AAA2V014g-01140-00247600-00247671 fuels
_4AAA2V014g-01141-00247671-00248006 and in theory it is safe in practice
_4AAA2V014g-01142-00248007-00248246 however we have seen poor government
_4AAA2V014g-01143-00248248-00248319 planning
_4AAA2V014g-01144-00248319-00248598 and capitalist corner cutting cause
_4AAA2V014g-01145-00248600-00248694 pollution
_4AAA2V014g-01146-00248696-00248958 and incredibly high risk to life and
_4AAA2V014g-01147-00248959-00249142 pollution of the environment
_4AAA2V014g-01148-00249144-00249375 nuclear energy creates waste which
_4AAA2V014g-01149-00249376-00249567 remains active for many thousands of
_4AAA2V014g-01150-00249567-00249639 years
_4AAA2V014g-01151-00249640-00249823 and is very difficult to process and
_4AAA2V014g-01152-00249823-00249958 store safely
_4AAA2V014g-01153-00249959-00250271 furthermore whilst often suggested to be
_4AAA2V014g-01154-00250271-00250439 a green energy source
_4AAA2V014g-01155-00250440-00250639 the mining and enrichment of the
_4AAA2V014g-01156-00250640-00250775 required uranium
_4AAA2V014g-01157-00250776-00250967 are responsible for considerable
_4AAA2V014g-01158-00250967-00251110 emissions and
_4AAA2V014g-01159-00251111-00251406 risk the proliferation of material which
_4AAA2V014g-01160-00251407-00251679 would be used to make nuclear weapons
_4AAA2V014g-01161-00251680-00251919 within the current capitalist framework
_4AAA2V014g-01162-00251919-00252110 the profits from nuclear energy are
_4AAA2V014g-01163-00252111-00252223 privatized
_4AAA2V014g-01164-00252223-00252446 but the costs of the cleanup and the
_4AAA2V014g-01165-00252448-00252791 risks to the environment are socialized
_4AAA2V014g-01166-00252792-00253071 much hope is given to new reactors on
_4AAA2V014g-01167-00253071-00253191 nuclear fusion
_4AAA2V014g-01168-00253192-00253430 as a way to provide cheap and plentiful
_4AAA2V014g-01169-00253431-00253679 energy in the future however
_4AAA2V014g-01170-00253680-00253887 even if it were possible to deal with
_4AAA2V014g-01171-00253888-00254006 the risk of leaks
_4AAA2V014g-01172-00254007-00254303 and the spent fuel nuclear energy is
_4AAA2V014g-01173-00254304-00254519 still a technology which requires
_4AAA2V014g-01174-00254519-00254775 immense resources to set up and run
_4AAA2V014g-01175-00254776-00255098 and it is therefore incompatible with a
_4AAA2V014g-01176-00255100-00255223 decentralized
_4AAA2V014g-01177-00255223-00255558 community managed energy network even
_4AAA2V014g-01178-00255559-00255623 under
_4AAA2V014g-01179-00255623-00255863 our current political and economic
_4AAA2V014g-01180-00255864-00255951 system
_4AAA2V014g-01181-00255952-00256319 the costs are ridiculous the uk's new
_4AAA2V014g-01182-00256319-00256446 power station
_4AAA2V014g-01183-00256448-00256710 hinckley c is set to be the most
_4AAA2V014g-01184-00256711-00256830 expensive object
_4AAA2V014g-01185-00256831-00257175 ever built on land its spiraling costs
_4AAA2V014g-01186-00257176-00257430 make it a far worse deal than renewable
_4AAA2V014g-01187-00257431-00257567 alternatives
_4AAA2V014g-01188-00257567-00257846 we are therefore skeptical of the role
_4AAA2V014g-01189-00257848-00258055 nuclear energy can play in future
_4AAA2V014g-01190-00258056-00258279 society
_4AAA2V014g-01191-00258280-00258598 population control at a distance
_4AAA2V014g-01192-00258600-00258887 there is a cold logic to this idea the
_4AAA2V014g-01193-00258888-00259087 number of people alive today is more
_4AAA2V014g-01194-00259088-00259119 than
_4AAA2V014g-01195-00259119-00259430 ever before and surely fewer people
_4AAA2V014g-01196-00259431-00259751 would mean less pollution and lower co2
_4AAA2V014g-01197-00259752-00259871 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-01198-00259871-00260198 on closer inspection this argument
_4AAA2V014g-01199-00260200-00260519 quickly falls apart for several reasons
_4AAA2V014g-01200-00260519-00260823 first and foremost is an idea examined
_4AAA2V014g-01201-00260823-00261046 in the excellent publication
_4AAA2V014g-01202-00261048-00261358 too many of whom and too much of what by
_4AAA2V014g-01203-00261359-00261694 no one is illegal the whom being talked
_4AAA2V014g-01204-00261696-00261767 about
_4AAA2V014g-01205-00261767-00261975 when this argument is made it's always
_4AAA2V014g-01206-00261976-00262151 the poor not the rich
_4AAA2V014g-01207-00262152-00262375 and usually includes those that live in
_4AAA2V014g-01208-00262376-00262503 poorer countries
_4AAA2V014g-01209-00262504-00262806 or have migrated from them yet
_4AAA2V014g-01210-00262807-00263095 it is disproportionately the richest
_4AAA2V014g-01211-00263096-00263167 people
_4AAA2V014g-01212-00263168-00263391 who are responsible for the most co2
_4AAA2V014g-01213-00263392-00263510 emissions
_4AAA2V014g-01214-00263511-00263767 whilst this is most notable in the
_4AAA2V014g-01215-00263768-00263943 differences between rich and poor
_4AAA2V014g-01216-00263944-00264055 countries
_4AAA2V014g-01217-00264056-00264295 it is also apparent between individuals
_4AAA2V014g-01218-00264296-00264439 within countries
_4AAA2V014g-01219-00264440-00264734 the more unequal a society the more
_4AAA2V014g-01220-00264735-00264799 carbon
_4AAA2V014g-01221-00264800-00265103 is admitted by the richest and the more
_4AAA2V014g-01222-00265104-00265375 is emitted in total you don't have to
_4AAA2V014g-01223-00265376-00265567 scratch the surface of this argument
_4AAA2V014g-01224-00265568-00265647 very hard
_4AAA2V014g-01225-00265648-00265975 to see it is rooted in racism and hatred
_4AAA2V014g-01226-00265976-00266095 of the poor
_4AAA2V014g-01227-00266096-00266375 not in a genuine desire to help the
_4AAA2V014g-01228-00266376-00266575 planet
_4AAA2V014g-01229-00266576-00266847 secondly the idea contained within the
_4AAA2V014g-01230-00266848-00267063 population control argument
_4AAA2V014g-01231-00267064-00267334 is that certain cultures have and always
_4AAA2V014g-01232-00267335-00267423 will have
_4AAA2V014g-01233-00267424-00267710 higher birth rates this has been a
_4AAA2V014g-01234-00267711-00267879 common alarmist call
_4AAA2V014g-01235-00267880-00268175 by racists for over a century who talk
_4AAA2V014g-01236-00268176-00268487 about native populations being swamped
_4AAA2V014g-01237-00268488-00268655 by whichever group of people is
_4AAA2V014g-01238-00268656-00268855 currently the most vilified
_4AAA2V014g-01239-00268856-00269167 in reality every single population
_4AAA2V014g-01240-00269168-00269447 starts out at a stage of high birth rate
_4AAA2V014g-01241-00269448-00269599 and high death rate
_4AAA2V014g-01242-00269600-00269782 before moving through a stage of
_4AAA2V014g-01243-00269783-00269958 lowering death rate causing
_4AAA2V014g-01244-00269959-00270287 explosive growth in the third stage
_4AAA2V014g-01245-00270288-00270551 the population rate slows down before
_4AAA2V014g-01246-00270552-00270799 stabilizing in the fourth stage
_4AAA2V014g-01247-00270800-00271047 this is called the demographic
_4AAA2V014g-01248-00271048-00271158 transition
_4AAA2V014g-01249-00271159-00271455 and it has happened or is happening in
_4AAA2V014g-01250-00271456-00271615 every human inhabited
_4AAA2V014g-01251-00271616-00271871 area in the world the average number of
_4AAA2V014g-01252-00271872-00272103 children born to each family globally
_4AAA2V014g-01253-00272104-00272391 has halved in the last 20 years the
_4AAA2V014g-01254-00272392-00272615 things that help this transition are all
_4AAA2V014g-01255-00272616-00272775 things we should be fighting for in
_4AAA2V014g-01256-00272776-00272879 their own right
_4AAA2V014g-01257-00272880-00273110 both in the here and now and in any
_4AAA2V014g-01258-00273111-00273199 revolutionary
_4AAA2V014g-01259-00273200-00273503 future increased freedom education
_4AAA2V014g-01260-00273504-00273743 and reproductive rights for women better
_4AAA2V014g-01261-00273744-00273815 health care
_4AAA2V014g-01262-00273816-00274087 stable food supplies and other increased
_4AAA2V014g-01263-00274088-00274247 standards of living
_4AAA2V014g-01264-00274248-00274495 there is absolutely no rational argument
_4AAA2V014g-01265-00274496-00274751 to support restrictions or penalties
_4AAA2V014g-01266-00274752-00275006 from authority on those who choose to
_4AAA2V014g-01267-00275007-00275127 have more children
_4AAA2V014g-01268-00275128-00275351 because of the paternalistic idea that
_4AAA2V014g-01269-00275352-00275479 we need to teach
_4AAA2V014g-01270-00275480-00275806 other cultures to have fewer children
_4AAA2V014g-01271-00275807-00276087 finally the population control argument
_4AAA2V014g-01272-00276088-00276167 assumes
_4AAA2V014g-01273-00276168-00276479 there is a direct link between increases
_4AAA2V014g-01274-00276480-00276775 or decreases in population and increases
_4AAA2V014g-01275-00276776-00277006 or decreases in catalyst growth
_4AAA2V014g-01276-00277007-00277271 and capitalist destruction of resources
_4AAA2V014g-01277-00277272-00277358 however
_4AAA2V014g-01278-00277359-00277703 as has already been discussed capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-01279-00277704-00278015 requires maximum growth at all costs
_4AAA2V014g-01280-00278016-00278167 lowering the number of people on the
_4AAA2V014g-01281-00278168-00278391 planet would equally lower any meager
_4AAA2V014g-01282-00278392-00278591 incentive capitalism creates for
_4AAA2V014g-01283-00278592-00278687 efficient
_4AAA2V014g-01284-00278688-00278934 or sustainable ways of working and it
_4AAA2V014g-01285-00278935-00279143 would quickly restore or surpass
_4AAA2V014g-01286-00279144-00279343 previous levels of consumption and
_4AAA2V014g-01287-00279344-00279527 pollution
_4AAA2V014g-01288-00279528-00279871 an anarchist ecology we need a
_4AAA2V014g-01289-00279872-00280087 revolution that gets rid of the
_4AAA2V014g-01290-00280088-00280191 obstacles to
_4AAA2V014g-01291-00280192-00280471 implementing a planet-saving strategy
_4AAA2V014g-01292-00280472-00280710 many of the solutions already exist
_4AAA2V014g-01293-00280711-00280871 it is a question of freeing the
_4AAA2V014g-01294-00280872-00281071 resources from the hands of capital
_4AAA2V014g-01295-00281072-00281295 and the state to implement them the
_4AAA2V014g-01296-00281296-00281375 anarchist
_4AAA2V014g-01297-00281376-00281582 tradition has a rich history of
_4AAA2V014g-01298-00281583-00281727 ecological thought
_4AAA2V014g-01299-00281728-00282047 from krapotkin and recluse in the late
_4AAA2V014g-01300-00282048-00282343 19th and early 20th centuries to buck
_4AAA2V014g-01301-00282344-00282671 chin and morris in more recent times
_4AAA2V014g-01302-00282672-00282951 in this section we discuss why a
_4AAA2V014g-01303-00282952-00283191 futurist society based on anarchist
_4AAA2V014g-01304-00283192-00283295 communism
_4AAA2V014g-01305-00283296-00283679 offers a more sustainable future work
_4AAA2V014g-01306-00283680-00283895 the complete overhaul of the concept of
_4AAA2V014g-01307-00283896-00283999 work will affect
_4AAA2V014g-01308-00284000-00284279 every aspect of our lives and how our
_4AAA2V014g-01309-00284280-00284415 society is run
_4AAA2V014g-01310-00284416-00284671 less work and lower production will
_4AAA2V014g-01311-00284672-00284806 decrease the demand on
_4AAA2V014g-01312-00284807-00285079 energy and transportation networks with
_4AAA2V014g-01313-00285080-00285310 less of our time devoted to work
_4AAA2V014g-01314-00285311-00285575 journeys will be less urgent and will
_4AAA2V014g-01315-00285576-00285815 allow the sharing of transports and the
_4AAA2V014g-01316-00285816-00286006 use of more sustainable mass
_4AAA2V014g-01317-00286007-00286182 transportation methods
_4AAA2V014g-01318-00286183-00286382 rather than the current individual
_4AAA2V014g-01319-00286383-00286639 solutions such as car ownership
_4AAA2V014g-01320-00286640-00286887 see the anarchist federation's pamphlet
_4AAA2V014g-01321-00286888-00286958 work
_4AAA2V014g-01322-00286959-00287215 for more discussion on this topic
_4AAA2V014g-01323-00287216-00287319 production
_4AAA2V014g-01324-00287320-00287510 the current model of production for
_4AAA2V014g-01325-00287511-00287703 profit wastes vast
_4AAA2V014g-01326-00287704-00287991 amounts of resources producing things we
_4AAA2V014g-01327-00287992-00288095 do not need
_4AAA2V014g-01328-00288096-00288375 and or products that are designed for
_4AAA2V014g-01329-00288376-00288510 obsolescence
_4AAA2V014g-01330-00288511-00288758 and a short usable life meaning that we
_4AAA2V014g-01331-00288759-00288982 have to buy more and consume more
_4AAA2V014g-01332-00288983-00289191 a shift in focus to production for
_4AAA2V014g-01333-00289192-00289399 societal need and products which can be
_4AAA2V014g-01334-00289400-00289575 repaired and maintained
_4AAA2V014g-01335-00289576-00289782 will vastly lower the overall demand for
_4AAA2V014g-01336-00289783-00289910 resources
_4AAA2V014g-01337-00289911-00290182 alongside this entire sectors of the
_4AAA2V014g-01338-00290183-00290382 economy will have no place in a future
_4AAA2V014g-01339-00290383-00290495 society
_4AAA2V014g-01340-00290496-00290723 everything from advertising to the
_4AAA2V014g-01341-00290724-00290919 military-industrial complex
_4AAA2V014g-01342-00290920-00291175 can be removed freeing up resources to
_4AAA2V014g-01343-00291176-00291263 develop our
_4AAA2V014g-01344-00291264-00291430 transport and energy systems for the
_4AAA2V014g-01345-00291431-00291575 benefit of the people
_4AAA2V014g-01346-00291576-00291806 without speculation causing fluctuations
_4AAA2V014g-01347-00291807-00292006 in food and housing prices
_4AAA2V014g-01348-00292007-00292199 products will reflect only their value
_4AAA2V014g-01349-00292200-00292310 in resources
_4AAA2V014g-01350-00292311-00292615 and their environmental impact not the
_4AAA2V014g-01351-00292616-00292910 profits of capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-01352-00292911-00293167 intellectual property by abolishing
_4AAA2V014g-01353-00293168-00293334 intellectual property laws
_4AAA2V014g-01354-00293335-00293503 and the private ownership of the means
_4AAA2V014g-01355-00293504-00293671 of production the best
_4AAA2V014g-01356-00293672-00293863 and most sustainable technologies will
_4AAA2V014g-01357-00293864-00294039 be adopted worldwide
_4AAA2V014g-01358-00294040-00294223 skipping the carbon intensive
_4AAA2V014g-01359-00294224-00294367 development model
_4AAA2V014g-01360-00294368-00294679 medcs have already been through it will
_4AAA2V014g-01361-00294680-00294919 also encourage the best combination
_4AAA2V014g-01362-00294920-00295199 of components and technologies that were
_4AAA2V014g-01363-00295200-00295399 previously proprietary
_4AAA2V014g-01364-00295400-00295734 and owned by competing corporations
_4AAA2V014g-01365-00295735-00296023 sharing economy this term has been
_4AAA2V014g-01366-00296024-00296134 hijacked
_4AAA2V014g-01367-00296135-00296406 by tech startups and has come to mean
_4AAA2V014g-01368-00296407-00296582 the monetization of things like
_4AAA2V014g-01369-00296583-00296703 homestays
_4AAA2V014g-01370-00296704-00297039 however true communal ownership of tools
_4AAA2V014g-01371-00297040-00297206 and the building of shared resource
_4AAA2V014g-01372-00297207-00297471 facilities as an integral part of
_4AAA2V014g-01373-00297472-00297591 housing planning
_4AAA2V014g-01374-00297592-00297791 would allow communities to repair and
_4AAA2V014g-01375-00297792-00297927 maintain their homes
_4AAA2V014g-01376-00297928-00298151 without the need for each individual to
_4AAA2V014g-01377-00298152-00298279 own a lawn mower
_4AAA2V014g-01378-00298280-00298639 or a power drill proper sharing of the
_4AAA2V014g-01379-00298640-00298775 means of transport
_4AAA2V014g-01380-00298776-00299054 like electric cars or bikes will mean
_4AAA2V014g-01381-00299055-00299230 lower demand for production and
_4AAA2V014g-01382-00299231-00299439 flexibility for individuals
_4AAA2V014g-01383-00299440-00299671 as well as an effective mass
_4AAA2V014g-01384-00299672-00299854 transportation system
_4AAA2V014g-01385-00299855-00300199 in short people would not own as many
_4AAA2V014g-01386-00300200-00300519 assets individually but would reorganize
_4AAA2V014g-01387-00300520-00300687 life according to need
_4AAA2V014g-01388-00300688-00301095 i.e communism food
_4AAA2V014g-01389-00301096-00301287 there have been a number of academic
_4AAA2V014g-01390-00301288-00301471 studies which have shown that we are
_4AAA2V014g-01391-00301472-00301671 able to feed a growing population
_4AAA2V014g-01392-00301672-00301823 without resorting to either
_4AAA2V014g-01393-00301824-00302139 intensive pesticide and herbicide use or
_4AAA2V014g-01394-00302140-00302567 deforestation c nature communications
_4AAA2V014g-01395-00302568-00302879 this task becomes even easier if there
_4AAA2V014g-01396-00302880-00303143 is a shift to more plant-based diets
_4AAA2V014g-01397-00303144-00303454 that require less land energy and water
_4AAA2V014g-01398-00303455-00303606 inputs
_4AAA2V014g-01399-00303607-00303903 ultimately food production is linked to
_4AAA2V014g-01400-00303904-00304030 land ownership
_4AAA2V014g-01401-00304031-00304239 and as long as this is in the hands of a
_4AAA2V014g-01402-00304240-00304391 few corporations
_4AAA2V014g-01403-00304392-00304639 the most profitable and often least
_4AAA2V014g-01404-00304640-00304727 healthy
_4AAA2V014g-01405-00304728-00304919 products will be pushed onto the
_4AAA2V014g-01406-00304920-00305039 consumer
_4AAA2V014g-01407-00305040-00305334 capitalism is so efficient that half of
_4AAA2V014g-01408-00305335-00305399 all food
_4AAA2V014g-01409-00305400-00305743 that is farms is wasted we imagine a
_4AAA2V014g-01410-00305744-00305806 world
_4AAA2V014g-01411-00305807-00306087 where land is held in common and food
_4AAA2V014g-01412-00306088-00306287 production is localized as much as
_4AAA2V014g-01413-00306288-00306367 possible
_4AAA2V014g-01414-00306368-00306663 and focused on providing abundant
_4AAA2V014g-01415-00306664-00306958 healthy food with as minimal and impact
_4AAA2V014g-01416-00306959-00307254 on the environment as possible
_4AAA2V014g-01417-00307255-00307575 how do we get there unfortunately
_4AAA2V014g-01418-00307576-00307815 the environmental crisis cannot wait for
_4AAA2V014g-01419-00307816-00308087 a revolution to destroy capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-01420-00308088-00308399 nor will a post-revolutionary society
_4AAA2V014g-01421-00308400-00308639 be environmentally sound unless we
_4AAA2V014g-01422-00308640-00308806 manage to change the relationship
_4AAA2V014g-01423-00308807-00309079 between humans and the rest of nature
_4AAA2V014g-01424-00309080-00309327 as anarchists we need to be doing
_4AAA2V014g-01425-00309328-00309527 everything we can to bring these issues
_4AAA2V014g-01426-00309528-00309679 to the forefront
_4AAA2V014g-01427-00309680-00309895 we have identified a number of
_4AAA2V014g-01428-00309896-00310110 approaches to this
_4AAA2V014g-01429-00310111-00310406 one we must make the link between
_4AAA2V014g-01430-00310407-00310663 capitalism and environmental degradation
_4AAA2V014g-01431-00310664-00310782 explicit
_4AAA2V014g-01432-00310783-00311071 in our politics and critique the role of
_4AAA2V014g-01433-00311072-00311319 the state in facilitating this
_4AAA2V014g-01434-00311320-00311591 this pamphlet is a first step towards
_4AAA2V014g-01435-00311592-00311663 this
_4AAA2V014g-01436-00311664-00311854 but we also need to work towards the
_4AAA2V014g-01437-00311855-00312030 dissemination of these ideas
_4AAA2V014g-01438-00312031-00312447 in the wider movement two we must
_4AAA2V014g-01439-00312448-00312671 insert ourselves into the mass climate
_4AAA2V014g-01440-00312672-00312903 movements such as divestment
_4AAA2V014g-01441-00312904-00313175 climate marches and third sector
_4AAA2V014g-01442-00313176-00313382 campaigns to use these moments of
_4AAA2V014g-01443-00313383-00313503 publicity
_4AAA2V014g-01444-00313504-00313854 to put forward our ideas we should try
_4AAA2V014g-01445-00313855-00314063 to win the battle of ideas
_4AAA2V014g-01446-00314064-00314343 in these movements and shift the aims
_4AAA2V014g-01447-00314344-00314543 away from the false solutions
_4AAA2V014g-01448-00314544-00314871 identified here three we
_4AAA2V014g-01449-00314872-00315179 must push our unions to adopt an
_4AAA2V014g-01450-00315180-00315295 eco-syndicalist
_4AAA2V014g-01451-00315296-00315623 stance which argues for a just but
_4AAA2V014g-01452-00315624-00315839 rapid transition for workers in
_4AAA2V014g-01453-00315840-00316071 extractive industries
_4AAA2V014g-01454-00316072-00316430 we must also however be internationalist
_4AAA2V014g-01455-00316431-00316558 in our scope
_4AAA2V014g-01456-00316559-00316799 and ensure victories for workers in
_4AAA2V014g-01457-00316800-00316919 medcs
_4AAA2V014g-01458-00316920-00317182 does not mean just pushing environmental
_4AAA2V014g-01459-00317183-00317279 problems
_4AAA2V014g-01460-00317280-00317639 onto workers in ledc's four
_4AAA2V014g-01461-00317640-00317975 we must use our anti-capitalist analysis
_4AAA2V014g-01462-00317976-00318230 to link up different struggles so that
_4AAA2V014g-01463-00318231-00318423 it is clear that we are not facing
_4AAA2V014g-01464-00318424-00318599 disconnected problems
_4AAA2V014g-01465-00318600-00318871 but that capitalism is at the heart of
_4AAA2V014g-01466-00318872-00319103 the issues that face the global working
_4AAA2V014g-01467-00319104-00319223 class
_4AAA2V014g-01468-00319224-00319463 lands justice campaigns have a clear
_4AAA2V014g-01469-00319464-00319687 link to climate change as landowners
_4AAA2V014g-01470-00319688-00319895 decide how land is used
_4AAA2V014g-01471-00319896-00320230 and how resources are exploited counter
_4AAA2V014g-01472-00320231-00320558 to a sustainable commons approach
_4AAA2V014g-01473-00320559-00320847 similarly we have identified rising
_4AAA2V014g-01474-00320848-00320943 nationalism
_4AAA2V014g-01475-00320944-00321182 and authoritarianism as the state's
_4AAA2V014g-01476-00321183-00321406 response to climate refugees
_4AAA2V014g-01477-00321407-00321658 we must continue the work linking
_4AAA2V014g-01478-00321659-00321799 anti-capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-01479-00321800-00322110 and environmentalism with no borders
_4AAA2V014g-01480-00322111-00322382 and migrant rights groups ensuring the
_4AAA2V014g-01481-00322383-00322599 fair treatment of those affected by
_4AAA2V014g-01482-00322600-00322854 climate change in the future
_4AAA2V014g-01483-00322855-00323175 five we must develop networks of
_4AAA2V014g-01484-00323176-00323334 like-minded people
_4AAA2V014g-01485-00323335-00323510 who are willing to campaign on these
_4AAA2V014g-01486-00323511-00323775 issues and work together to build our
_4AAA2V014g-01487-00323776-00323967 capacity to organize
_4AAA2V014g-01488-00323968-00324227 a good example of this has been the
_4AAA2V014g-01489-00324228-00324423 anti-fracking protests
_4AAA2V014g-01490-00324424-00324719 in the uk where actions at the drilling
_4AAA2V014g-01491-00324720-00324782 sites
_4AAA2V014g-01492-00324783-00324999 have been amplified by activists
_4AAA2V014g-01493-00325000-00325095 elsewhere
_4AAA2V014g-01494-00325096-00325287 targeting the headquarters of the
_4AAA2V014g-01495-00325288-00325430 fracking companies
_4AAA2V014g-01496-00325431-00325663 and carrying out other solidarity
_4AAA2V014g-01497-00325664-00325799 actions
_4AAA2V014g-01498-00325800-00326095 some of these networks already exist so
_4AAA2V014g-01499-00326096-00326303 we should work more closely with groups
_4AAA2V014g-01500-00326304-00326399 such as
_4AAA2V014g-01501-00326400-00326695 earth first reclaim the power and the
_4AAA2V014g-01502-00326696-00326806 rising tide
_4AAA2V014g-01503-00326807-00327079 to further develop an activism which is
_4AAA2V014g-01504-00327080-00327358 both confrontational towards capitalism
_4AAA2V014g-01505-00327359-00327623 and is inclusive of local and global
_4AAA2V014g-01506-00327624-00327751 perspectives
_4AAA2V014g-01507-00327752-00328023 these networks offer opportunities to
_4AAA2V014g-01508-00328024-00328087 develop
_4AAA2V014g-01509-00328088-00328310 our ideas further and collaborate on
_4AAA2V014g-01510-00328311-00328615 future projects and actions
_4AAA2V014g-01511-00328616-00328943 six we should ensure the actions we take
_4AAA2V014g-01512-00328944-00329167 and the struggles we link up for leave
_4AAA2V014g-01513-00329168-00329382 us and others who take part
_4AAA2V014g-01514-00329383-00329703 stronger not weaker we must avoid any
_4AAA2V014g-01515-00329704-00329927 so-called victory that relies on the
_4AAA2V014g-01516-00329928-00329999 good will
_4AAA2V014g-01517-00330000-00330327 of a politician or the expertise of an
_4AAA2V014g-01518-00330328-00330423 ngo
_4AAA2V014g-01519-00330424-00330751 win or lose each action and campaign
_4AAA2V014g-01520-00330752-00330943 should leave us more aware of the world
_4AAA2V014g-01521-00330944-00331063 around us
_4AAA2V014g-01522-00331064-00331367 more confident of our collective power
_4AAA2V014g-01523-00331368-00331719 and more experienced in our ability
_4AAA2V014g-01524-00331720-00331999 to self-organize and take the fight to
_4AAA2V014g-01525-00332000-00332151 the catalysts
_4AAA2V014g-01526-00332152-00332367 within the environmental movement we
_4AAA2V014g-01527-00332368-00332663 must develop a diversity of tactics
_4AAA2V014g-01528-00332664-00332887 that is not dependent on the actions of
_4AAA2V014g-01529-00332888-00333087 politicians or corporations
_4AAA2V014g-01530-00333088-00333319 developing a conscience to achieve its
_4AAA2V014g-01531-00333320-00333447 goals
_4AAA2V014g-01532-00333448-00333758 conclusion we are entering uncharted
_4AAA2V014g-01533-00333759-00333854 territory
_4AAA2V014g-01534-00333855-00334071 in terms of how the earth's ecosystems
_4AAA2V014g-01535-00334072-00334206 may respond to the ever
_4AAA2V014g-01536-00334207-00334463 increasing pressures capitalism places
_4AAA2V014g-01537-00334464-00334558 upon them
_4AAA2V014g-01538-00334559-00334847 left unchecked the current fossil fuel
_4AAA2V014g-01539-00334848-00334934 economy
_4AAA2V014g-01540-00334935-00335191 will continue to wreck the climate with
_4AAA2V014g-01541-00335192-00335287 the burden on
_4AAA2V014g-01542-00335288-00335615 impacts falling on the working class and
_4AAA2V014g-01543-00335616-00335927 led seas we do not have faith that
_4AAA2V014g-01544-00335928-00336047 capitalists
_4AAA2V014g-01545-00336048-00336319 or their parliamentarian representatives
_4AAA2V014g-01546-00336320-00336478 will act in time to limit
_4AAA2V014g-01547-00336479-00336743 climate change in a meaningful way the
_4AAA2V014g-01548-00336744-00336943 crisis they perpetuate
_4AAA2V014g-01549-00336944-00337158 can only lead to an increase in state
_4AAA2V014g-01550-00337159-00337319 control of the economy
_4AAA2V014g-01551-00337320-00337582 of our lives of the borders as the
_4AAA2V014g-01552-00337583-00337695 ruling class
_4AAA2V014g-01553-00337696-00337999 seeks to contain social unrest and keep
_4AAA2V014g-01554-00338000-00338215 out climate refugees
_4AAA2V014g-01555-00338216-00338495 as anarchists we see the only
_4AAA2V014g-01556-00338496-00338599 alternative
_4AAA2V014g-01557-00338600-00338830 to be a revolution from below a
_4AAA2V014g-01558-00338831-00339039 revolution that begins in the struggles
_4AAA2V014g-01559-00339040-00339127 that we fight
_4AAA2V014g-01560-00339128-00339463 and win in this very moment a world
_4AAA2V014g-01561-00339464-00339727 in which we take back control of our
_4AAA2V014g-01562-00339728-00339927 energy and production systems
_4AAA2V014g-01563-00339928-00340158 to create a new model of equality
_4AAA2V014g-01564-00340159-00340287 between peoples
_4AAA2V014g-01565-00340288-00340551 and harmony with nature we see our
_4AAA2V014g-01566-00340552-00340703 future in the commons
_4AAA2V014g-01567-00340704-00340987 we see our future in the beauty of
_4AAA2V014g-01568-00340988-00341288 anarchy
_5mGGJD63HM-00000-00000150-00000552 my name is a Montebello I'm hearing the
_5mGGJD63HM-00001-00000553-00000822 different Enya rendering because the
_5mGGJD63HM-00002-00000823-00001023 brewery is up in the village we brew in
_5mGGJD63HM-00003-00001024-00001298 the village and we have our big stock
_5mGGJD63HM-00004-00001299-00001666 here I'm in the business all my life I
_5mGGJD63HM-00005-00001667-00002324 remember bell tolls embarrass always I'm
_5mGGJD63HM-00006-00002325-00002532 very proud that I can say that this is a
_5mGGJD63HM-00007-00002533-00002820 fantastic project very old traditional
_5mGGJD63HM-00008-00002821-00003131 beer style which is so unique and can
_5mGGJD63HM-00009-00003132-00003342 only be brewed and bottled and blended
_5mGGJD63HM-00010-00003343-00003642 in the regional Brussels this is a
_5mGGJD63HM-00011-00003643-00003942 regional beer understand a river ratio
_5mGGJD63HM-00012-00003943-00004260 and four different ending with you never
_5mGGJD63HM-00013-00004261-00004506 care about traditions and let's say it's
_5mGGJD63HM-00014-00004507-00004728 very simple but no father teach me for
_5mGGJD63HM-00015-00004729-00004995 blending you still rule you don't change
_5mGGJD63HM-00016-00004996-00005316 anything about it's still the room so we
_5mGGJD63HM-00017-00005317-00005469 don't have a filter if we don't have
_5mGGJD63HM-00018-00005470-00005775 findings we don't have carbonation or
_5mGGJD63HM-00019-00005776-00006129 whatever and that makes me that in this
_5mGGJD63HM-00020-00006130-00006303 new situation when I'm living here in
_5mGGJD63HM-00021-00006304-00006620 this place that I'm very proud to say
_5mGGJD63HM-00022-00006622-00006968 that is a future with a young dynamic
_5mGGJD63HM-00023-00006969-00007434 team revision with a business plan I
_5mGGJD63HM-00024-00007434-00007791 never had a business plan Emeline with a
_5mGGJD63HM-00025-00007792-00008112 lot of strategy and going back to the
_5mGGJD63HM-00026-00008113-00008355 roots it's very important for me that's
_5mGGJD63HM-00027-00008356-00008556 why I think we have the beautiful
_5mGGJD63HM-00028-00008557-00008742 location here we're just on the Xena
_5mGGJD63HM-00029-00008743-00008985 River we are in the neighborhood of
_5mGGJD63HM-00030-00008986-00009324 Brussels and stable the Flemish part of
_5mGGJD63HM-00031-00009325-00009543 Belgium and this is a nice beautiful
_5mGGJD63HM-00032-00009544-00009714 warehouse where we can do what we want
_5mGGJD63HM-00033-00009715-00010056 to do a big storage here and we can
_5mGGJD63HM-00034-00010057-00010161 model what we want
_5mGGJD63HM-00035-00010162-00010413 by the way today we are brewing because
_5mGGJD63HM-00036-00010414-00010596 it's too cold for the month of May so
_5mGGJD63HM-00037-00010597-00010941 that makes it possible for brewing and
_5mGGJD63HM-00038-00010942-00011145 next day we're very cold this very cold
_5mGGJD63HM-00039-00011146-00011373 spring now that's the other way it's
_5mGGJD63HM-00040-00011374-00011598 good for us because we can continue blue
_5mGGJD63HM-00041-00011599-00011853 as long we have night temperatures from
_5mGGJD63HM-00042-00011854-00012071 10 degrees or lower than that we can
_5mGGJD63HM-00043-00012072-00012521 brew and believe me we have a lot of
_5mGGJD63HM-00044-00012522-00012885 beautiful projects here about the future
_5mGGJD63HM-00045-00012886-00013298 with fantastic staff young people all
_5mGGJD63HM-00046-00013299-00013472 together working together
_5mGGJD63HM-00047-00013474-00013818 have ideas my role in this goal complete
_5mGGJD63HM-00048-00013819-00014216 missus last year I said stop I'm 67
_5mGGJD63HM-00049-00014216-00014493 let's say I have a few mechanical
_5mGGJD63HM-00050-00014494-00014757 problems in my legs because I work too
_5mGGJD63HM-00051-00014758-00015081 much of my life and that young people
_5mGGJD63HM-00052-00015082-00015387 said ma stop as long as you are here
_5mGGJD63HM-00053-00015388-00015597 we're happy you don't have to work
_5mGGJD63HM-00054-00015597-00015869 anymore it's also different of course
_5mGGJD63HM-00055-00015871-00016146 that's the different management that's I
_5mGGJD63HM-00056-00016147-00016329 cannot do what I want to do anymore I
_5mGGJD63HM-00057-00016330-00016545 cannot make a blend anymore it's not
_5mGGJD63HM-00058-00016546-00016725 allowed because we have a strategy a
_5mGGJD63HM-00059-00016726-00016959 vision for the future the program they
_5mGGJD63HM-00060-00016960-00017400 decide to do that this is Michael with
_5mGGJD63HM-00061-00017401-00017697 responsible for all production for
_5mGGJD63HM-00062-00017698-00017898 brewing and blending when there is
_5mGGJD63HM-00063-00017899-00018168 wisdom in the management and we have a
_5mGGJD63HM-00064-00018169-00018375 lot of young guys here let's say the
_5mGGJD63HM-00065-00018376-00018702 middle that will be twenty five year old
_5mGGJD63HM-00066-00018703-00019254 and the coating is that we have a lot of
_5mGGJD63HM-00067-00019255-00019566 good ideas for the future and the let's
_5mGGJD63HM-00068-00019567-00019776 say out of this we have another
_5mGGJD63HM-00069-00019777-00020013 beautiful project we have our own farm
_5mGGJD63HM-00070-00020014-00020418 now another small farmers rather big in
_5mGGJD63HM-00071-00020419-00020634 which we go for sustainable farming so
_5mGGJD63HM-00072-00020635-00020856 at this moment we are not farming not at
_5mGGJD63HM-00073-00020857-00021141 all and at this moment we are going for
_5mGGJD63HM-00074-00021142-00021408 the old variety of wheat and barley and
_5mGGJD63HM-00075-00021409-00021858 the the idea was that we can do that and
_5mGGJD63HM-00076-00021859-00022062 this idea came not for us it's young
_5mGGJD63HM-00077-00022063-00022284 farmers who came to us it's different
_5mGGJD63HM-00078-00022285-00022635 world and from that idea was growing
_5mGGJD63HM-00079-00022636-00022845 here was support of Flemish and
_5mGGJD63HM-00080-00022846-00023274 french-speaking University in Belgium we
_5mGGJD63HM-00081-00023275-00023451 have the idea for the future but the
_5mGGJD63HM-00082-00023452-00023903 most important thing is that we want to
_5mGGJD63HM-00083-00023904-00024195 make that a farmer is working on this
_5mGGJD63HM-00084-00024196-00024417 land and make its living without Europe
_5mGGJD63HM-00085-00024418-00024711 or without whatever not working making
_5mGGJD63HM-00086-00024712-00024915 money like everybody is doing and not
_5mGGJD63HM-00087-00024916-00025131 like it's happens today they are mostly
_5mGGJD63HM-00088-00025132-00025364 like that more or less bankrupt and
_5mGGJD63HM-00089-00025365-00025620 that's what we want to do and finally
_5mGGJD63HM-00090-00025620-00025866 let's say the consumer will not pay that
_5mGGJD63HM-00091-00025867-00026192 much amount more for a beer but be sure
_5mGGJD63HM-00092-00026193-00026499 that's my old dream because I'm born on
_5mGGJD63HM-00093-00026500-00026550 a farm
_5mGGJD63HM-00094-00026551-00026745 I'm a farmer son
_5mGGJD63HM-00095-00026745-00027030 so okay I was to us when we left I don't
_5mGGJD63HM-00096-00027031-00027417 remember that much anymore but I still
_5mGGJD63HM-00097-00027418-00027606 have that feeling when I'm gonna farm
_5mGGJD63HM-00098-00027607-00028202 I'm at home and that makes that going
_5mGGJD63HM-00099-00028203-00028437 back to the rules the old traditional
_5mGGJD63HM-00100-00028438-00028785 farming sustainable farming responsible
_5mGGJD63HM-00101-00028786-00029024 farmer far away from all those chemicals
_5mGGJD63HM-00102-00029025-00029364 and industries without what they say
_5mGGJD63HM-00103-00029364-00029589 finally I think we met and with I think
_5mGGJD63HM-00104-00029589-00029817 we made really the right decisions and
_5mGGJD63HM-00105-00029818-00030477 in support of young people here and will
_5mGGJD63HM-00106-00030477-00030801 that sustainable farming feed back into
_5mGGJD63HM-00107-00030802-00031401 you so we will do that for probably as
_5mGGJD63HM-00108-00031402-00031637 the contact the first contact we had on
_5mGGJD63HM-00109-00031638-00031895 one farmer now we need a big table and
_5mGGJD63HM-00110-00031897-00032112 because he understands what's going on
_5mGGJD63HM-00111-00032113-00032420 and at this moment we try to find
_5mGGJD63HM-00112-00032422-00032580 contact with other Brewers regional
_5mGGJD63HM-00113-00032581-00032835 Brewers from this region Brussels an
_5mGGJD63HM-00114-00032836-00033126 area to make that they understand that
_5mGGJD63HM-00115-00033127-00033495 it can be nice and fantastic and we have
_5mGGJD63HM-00116-00033496-00033801 some experiences now with sustainable
_5mGGJD63HM-00117-00033802-00034052 farming cereals and do you think that's
_5mGGJD63HM-00118-00034053-00034658 the way to go for the lambic yes yes
_5mGGJD63HM-00119-00034659-00034862 it's not an invention of me we see that
_5mGGJD63HM-00120-00034863-00035187 there is worldwide more sustainable
_5mGGJD63HM-00121-00035188-00035535 farming whining one is there is more
_5mGGJD63HM-00122-00035536-00035724 organic can be or whatever you call
_5mGGJD63HM-00123-00035725-00036045 everywhere in the world and we know if
_5mGGJD63HM-00124-00036046-00036357 you want always the same apple that you
_5mGGJD63HM-00125-00036358-00036543 cannot do but the free natural elements
_5mGGJD63HM-00126-00036544-00036824 you can do that and that's what we do so
_5mGGJD63HM-00127-00036825-00037158 yeah what happens happens so for example
_5mGGJD63HM-00128-00037159-00037455 we had a very cold spring yeah and we
_5mGGJD63HM-00129-00037456-00037640 had on the flower on the scale basically
_5mGGJD63HM-00130-00037641-00037874 kawatche air it's a minus two so there
_5mGGJD63HM-00131-00037875-00038093 will be no cherry this year there is no
_5mGGJD63HM-00132-00038094-00038439 change next year maybe so I have to wait
_5mGGJD63HM-00133-00038440-00038679 and let's talk about the interest and
_5mGGJD63HM-00134-00038680-00038967 ascorbic revival of that but it's not a
_5mGGJD63HM-00135-00038968-00039231 revival for us we always had that Oh as
_5mGGJD63HM-00136-00039232-00039411 long as I can see us this car basically
_5mGGJD63HM-00137-00039412-00039701 can I still remember when my father will
_5mGGJD63HM-00138-00039702-00039876 just pick it up in the region here
_5mGGJD63HM-00139-00039877-00040132 there was no calculation machine
_5mGGJD63HM-00140-00040133-00040308 that we had a book in which we had to
_5mGGJD63HM-00141-00040309-00040524 find the calculations and I was a small
_5mGGJD63HM-00142-00040525-00040702 kid had to do that calculated for my
_5mGGJD63HM-00143-00040703-00041037 father and seconds if you've just with
_5mGGJD63HM-00144-00041038-00041182 the wrong car I was driving from one
_5mGGJD63HM-00145-00041183-00041329 place to another just to pick up the
_5mGGJD63HM-00146-00041330-00041589 cherries we're talking about the sixties
_5mGGJD63HM-00147-00041590-00041827 the seventies so that's a long time ago
_5mGGJD63HM-00148-00041828-00042055 but it's always has been there's but
_5mGGJD63HM-00149-00042056-00042252 just but we didn't call it's car basic
_5mGGJD63HM-00150-00042253-00042448 liquor because a creek was for us always
_5mGGJD63HM-00151-00042449-00042765 car basically can and after that like we
_5mGGJD63HM-00152-00042766-00043033 are doing as well we have also polished
_5mGGJD63HM-00153-00043034-00043198 cherries for the regular Creek because
_5mGGJD63HM-00154-00043199-00043440 we don't find that much anymore by the
_5mGGJD63HM-00155-00043441-00043737 way the scar basic Creek three is not
_5mGGJD63HM-00156-00043738-00044008 living that long that's maximum 25 years
_5mGGJD63HM-00157-00044009-00044248 you have to replant them if you don't do
_5mGGJD63HM-00158-00044249-00044536 that you don't have a trick but that
_5mGGJD63HM-00159-00044537-00044782 means we had some trees here beautiful
_5mGGJD63HM-00160-00044783-00045043 trees but we just plant them in a
_5mGGJD63HM-00161-00045044-00045295 different way here because the place
_5mGGJD63HM-00162-00045296-00045480 where we have the trees we have the
_5mGGJD63HM-00163-00045481-00045870 flowers now so there was like ten
_5mGGJD63HM-00164-00045871-00046074 thousand there is ten thousand square
_5mGGJD63HM-00165-00046075-00046336 meters flowers wild flowers for the bees
_5mGGJD63HM-00166-00046337-00046645 because we have room behaves here for
_5mGGJD63HM-00167-00046646-00046976 honey that we use for the for the girls
_5mGGJD63HM-00168-00046977-00047340 at the same time the we created
_5mGGJD63HM-00169-00047341-00047586 motorcyclists in association so we gives
_5mGGJD63HM-00170-00047587-00047880 a lot of young scar Beach the trees to
_5mGGJD63HM-00171-00047881-00048036 people who want and then just to plant
_5mGGJD63HM-00172-00048037-00048211 them in the garden I picked them when
_5mGGJD63HM-00173-00048212-00048393 they already or when they have two
_5mGGJD63HM-00174-00048394-00048586 possible to do and we pay the right
_5mGGJD63HM-00175-00048587-00048618 price
_5mGGJD63HM-00176-00048619-00048801 so if you're picking up the choice that
_5mGGJD63HM-00177-00048802-00048999 you can say I make my living today
_5mGGJD63HM-00178-00049000-00049557 that's one of the plans and finally in
_5mGGJD63HM-00179-00049558-00050232 all your time spent in this milieu have
_5mGGJD63HM-00180-00050233-00050412 you seen any evolution and the thinking
_5mGGJD63HM-00181-00050413-00050779 amount lambic and various producers you
_5mGGJD63HM-00182-00050780-00050986 know there's blenders that you think
_5mGGJD63HM-00183-00050987-00051282 what's your view on the evolution as
_5mGGJD63HM-00184-00051283-00051529 long as they're for aspect for
_5mGGJD63HM-00185-00051529-00051870 traditions fantastic it's not because
_5mGGJD63HM-00186-00051871-00052020 you have an infected build barrel-aging
_5mGGJD63HM-00187-00052021-00052227 that you have a lambic that's another
_5mGGJD63HM-00188-00052228-00052474 thing and I don't win the book you want
_5mGGJD63HM-00189-00052475-00052660 to be compared with sorry else we're not
_5mGGJD63HM-00190-00052661-00052830 saying we're Brewers we allow me Willis
_5mGGJD63HM-00191-00052832-00053205 Lamech that means a seasoned recipe a
_5mGGJD63HM-00192-00053206-00053479 blue motive a region that's family
_5mGGJD63HM-00193-00053480-00053743 I cannot brew let me go ever it's just
_5mGGJD63HM-00194-00053744-00053974 in this region you can make a wide
_5mGGJD63HM-00195-00053975-00054161 fermented beer all over the world oh my
_5mGGJD63HM-00196-00054162-00054365 god we are tasted a lot of good of them
_5mGGJD63HM-00197-00054366-00054712 I can test undrinkable B as well but we
_5mGGJD63HM-00198-00054713-00054953 still have good examples and I think we
_5mGGJD63HM-00199-00054954-00055160 have good examples in the States for
_5mGGJD63HM-00200-00055161-00055504 example so but I am tasting and there's
_5mGGJD63HM-00201-00055505-00055675 more and more better quality coming also
_5mGGJD63HM-00202-00055676-00055985 for that region but the most important
_5mGGJD63HM-00203-00055986-00056165 thing is that you need respect for the
_5mGGJD63HM-00204-00056166-00056368 time so before you have that beer
_5mGGJD63HM-00205-00056369-00056563 drinkable beer model condition it's for
_5mGGJD63HM-00206-00056564-00056897 years and before there's nothing wrong
_5mGGJD63HM-00207-00056898-00057059 there's nothing wrong to do that but you
_5mGGJD63HM-00208-00057060-00057544 don't have the really good be a lambic
_5mGGJD63HM-00209-00057545-00057809 needs time the time time time time is
_5mGGJD63HM-00210-00057810-00058222 money so let's say the evolution of the
_5mGGJD63HM-00211-00058223-00058462 lot of rules they're making differents
_5mGGJD63HM-00212-00058463-00058661 hours what they call or whatever wild
_5mGGJD63HM-00213-00058662-00058853 they give them different names it's
_5mGGJD63HM-00214-00058854-00059198 nothing wrong with that that's in a
_5mGGJD63HM-00215-00059199-00059303 certain way and thankful for that
_5mGGJD63HM-00216-00059304-00059435 because they finally they open the way
_5mGGJD63HM-00217-00059436-00059482 for us
_5mGGJD63HM-00218-00059483-00059822 and as more you are coming into a
_5mGGJD63HM-00219-00059823-00060098 product as more as you go in quality as
_5mGGJD63HM-00220-00060099-00060296 more close you come to the origin like
_5mGGJD63HM-00221-00060297-00060503 everybody that's coming to that that's
_5mGGJD63HM-00222-00060504-00060886 what we do here so young generation go
_5mGGJD63HM-00223-00060887-00061261 but the plan is do it right and respect
_5mGGJD63HM-00224-00061262-00061450 what you have to respect that's very
_5mGGJD63HM-00225-00061451-00061717 important for everybody the good bit is
_5mGGJD63HM-00226-00061718-00061876 it could be whatever it's brewed it
_5mGGJD63HM-00227-00061877-00062210 could be liquid beer it can be us like
_5mGGJD63HM-00228-00062211-00062459 it can be whatever other country in the
_5mGGJD63HM-00229-00062460-00062510 world
_5mGGJD63HM-00230-00062511-00062838 good brewery the calpro
_5mGGJD63HM-00231-00062839-00063204 that's all but Lamech Islamic and there
_5mGGJD63HM-00232-00063205-00063478 is nothing comparable to that it doesn't
_5mGGJD63HM-00233-00063479-00063709 mean that we don't have similar beers
_5mGGJD63HM-00234-00063710-00063907 but I don't like the name Lamech of
_5mGGJD63HM-00235-00063908-00064276 course because Lamech is a region I will
_5mGGJD63HM-00236-00064277-00064450 not make a red wine and I will not call
_5mGGJD63HM-00237-00064451-00064783 it a Napa Valley retro and style that's
_5mGGJD63HM-00238-00064784-00065278 the same respect to regions and finally
_5mGGJD63HM-00239-00065279-00065466 what are you doing in your retirement
_5mGGJD63HM-00240-00065466-00066118 are you enjoying it yeah I take him the
_5mGGJD63HM-00241-00066119-00066442 time for me more and more so I'm living
_5mGGJD63HM-00242-00066443-00066610 on the cost side now although I'm too
_5mGGJD63HM-00243-00066611-00066745 much here they don't want to see me
_5mGGJD63HM-00244-00066746-00066876 every day
_5mGGJD63HM-00245-00066877-00067300 but I'm here three two days depends or
_5mGGJD63HM-00246-00067301-00067615 maybe sometimes more I'm here but not
_5mGGJD63HM-00247-00067616-00068257 for decisions anymore the big decisions
_5mGGJD63HM-00248-00068258-00068578 they we take them all together with the
_5mGGJD63HM-00249-00068579-00068990 partners
_5mGGJD63HM-00250-00068991-00069431 I am NOT into the daily decisions
_5mGGJD63HM-00251-00069432-00069671 anymore we have good staffing or they
_5mGGJD63HM-00252-00069672-00069878 were doing good job my partners are
_5mGGJD63HM-00253-00069879-00070253 fantastic so let's say that I'm retired
_5mGGJD63HM-00254-00070254-00070508 yes is that difficult for you to leave
_5mGGJD63HM-00255-00070509-00070871 something believe me that's a big bottom
_5mGGJD63HM-00256-00070872-00070958 oops
_5mGGJD63HM-00257-00070959-00071276 yeah that's a big problem I hope you and
_5mGGJD63HM-00258-00071277-00071435 you will have that fit that you will
_5mGGJD63HM-00259-00071436-00071731 think about me that's really big bottom
_5mGGJD63HM-00260-00071732-00072050 but it happens and now I'm saying to you
_5mGGJD63HM-00261-00072051-00072212 go for me and you you have my
_5mGGJD63HM-00262-00072213-00072545 benediction go for it you're free but I
_5mGGJD63HM-00263-00072546-00072728 am very very calm for a lot of
_5mGGJD63HM-00264-00072729-00072932 confidence for the treaty they will not
_5mGGJD63HM-00265-00072933-00073181 change anything by the way whatever they
_5mGGJD63HM-00266-00073182-00073391 change is in the contract they need must
_5mGGJD63HM-00267-00073392-00073604 send you to another while I cannot do
_5mGGJD63HM-00268-00073605-00073979 nothing in here so I protect myself and
_5mGGJD63HM-00269-00073980-00074186 your brand so you but don't believe me
_5mGGJD63HM-00270-00074187-00074342 and I will tell you what you want to
_5mGGJD63HM-00271-00074343-00074528 hear never of yours on the raft in the
_5mGGJD63HM-00272-00074529-00075182 different time no no no no no as long as
_5mGGJD63HM-00273-00075183-00075599 I'm leaving no no my father didn't teach
_5mGGJD63HM-00274-00075600-00075674 me that
_5mGGJD63HM-00275-00075675-00075974 so that's tradition over with the
_5mGGJD63HM-00276-00075975-00076136 discussion it doesn't mean the bid is
_5mGGJD63HM-00277-00076137-00076289 undrinkable or whatever bill is doing
_5mGGJD63HM-00278-00076290-00076460 that I don't care about that anymore I
_5mGGJD63HM-00279-00076461-00076718 don't have any idea about that we're
_5mGGJD63HM-00280-00076719-00076883 using our energy to do what we are doing
_5mGGJD63HM-00281-00076884-00077054 and we are well respected with the
_5mGGJD63HM-00282-00077055-00077246 traditions and religion is a very very
_5mGGJD63HM-00283-00077247-00077501 very noble work so we're taking care
_5mGGJD63HM-00284-00077502-00077744 about that
_7D36dOIjTE-00000-00000000-00000135 the profile that time i probably should
_7D36dOIjTE-00001-00000136-00000799 have made sure it was the right profile
_7D36dOIjTE-00002-00000800-00001087 okay i know the stream is still like
_7D36dOIjTE-00003-00001088-00001278 dodgy it's still going in and out of
_7D36dOIjTE-00004-00001279-00001519 quality
_7D36dOIjTE-00005-00001520-00001751 so i i genuinely i just don't know what
_7D36dOIjTE-00006-00001752-00001959 to do about that so i'm sorry if these
_7D36dOIjTE-00007-00001960-00002215 streams start turning out bad i'll start
_7D36dOIjTE-00008-00002216-00002407 turning down the quality
_7D36dOIjTE-00009-00002408-00002655 like a day after day now like maybe i
_7D36dOIjTE-00010-00002656-00002847 did maybe click it up a bit too much or
_7D36dOIjTE-00011-00002848-00003343 some [__] so yeah
_7D36dOIjTE-00012-00003344-00003551 i swear that one to me didn't it no it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00013-00003552-00003815 just this i think
_7D36dOIjTE-00014-00003815-00004015 right we did that strike and obviously
_7D36dOIjTE-00015-00004015-00004215 we didn't get the pinnacle so yeah we're
_7D36dOIjTE-00016-00004216-00004399 not touching nightfall the rest a week
_7D36dOIjTE-00017-00004400-00004638 however we will go to the tower
_7D36dOIjTE-00018-00004639-00004831 because zavala kind of wants us for the
_7D36dOIjTE-00019-00004832-00005102 thing that we just did
_7D36dOIjTE-00020-00005103-00005406 mainly just to claim glimmer anyway
_7D36dOIjTE-00021-00005407-00005559 see i would be playing with my mate
_7D36dOIjTE-00022-00005560-00005847 right now but like
_7D36dOIjTE-00023-00005848-00006006 it's just
_7D36dOIjTE-00024-00006007-00006159 like if the stream is gonna be in and
_7D36dOIjTE-00025-00006160-00006327 out quality like it is now like there's
_7D36dOIjTE-00026-00006328-00006470 no point
_7D36dOIjTE-00027-00006472-00006646 like i thought maybe i had more freedom
_7D36dOIjTE-00028-00006647-00006831 to be able to do certain things but i
_7D36dOIjTE-00029-00006831-00007159 guess not
_7D36dOIjTE-00030-00007159-00007446 maybe the days are gone where i can just
_7D36dOIjTE-00031-00007447-00007806 do other bits in between while streaming
_7D36dOIjTE-00032-00007808-00007974 i don't know i have to stop being
_7D36dOIjTE-00033-00007975-00008167 pessimistic and just
_7D36dOIjTE-00034-00008168-00008342 just keep turning down the quality for
_7D36dOIjTE-00035-00008343-00008471 now anyway
_7D36dOIjTE-00036-00008472-00008655 and hope that maybe like it'll fix
_7D36dOIjTE-00037-00008656-00008791 itself
_7D36dOIjTE-00038-00008792-00008951 because it's it's not even just like a
_7D36dOIjTE-00039-00008952-00009046 think what
_7D36dOIjTE-00040-00009047-00009223 issue it's like
_7D36dOIjTE-00041-00009224-00009551 it's either an internet issue
_7D36dOIjTE-00042-00009552-00009719 an obs issue
_7D36dOIjTE-00043-00009720-00010191 or something else
_7D36dOIjTE-00044-00010192-00010446 what is that name
_7D36dOIjTE-00045-00010447-00010887 savathun's only fan slash lolly no
_7D36dOIjTE-00046-00010888-00011406 i mean spitting fox
_7D36dOIjTE-00047-00011407-00011823 60 nope
_7D36dOIjTE-00048-00011824-00012183 fatty mcfacts fat sack
_7D36dOIjTE-00049-00012184-00012446 papa peeps
_7D36dOIjTE-00050-00012447-00012623 i'm trying to keep my brain entertained
_7D36dOIjTE-00051-00012624-00012871 because i want to at least like
_7D36dOIjTE-00052-00012872-00013094 ah try and stream until like maybe four
_7D36dOIjTE-00053-00013095-00013494 or something
_7D36dOIjTE-00054-00013495-00013807 powerful gear thanks zavala
_7D36dOIjTE-00055-00013808-00014038 not enough space
_7D36dOIjTE-00056-00014040-00014175 will there be enough space now if i do
_7D36dOIjTE-00057-00014176-00014366 that probably not
_7D36dOIjTE-00058-00014368-00014694 yeah no it's literally this jar
_7D36dOIjTE-00059-00014695-00014775 i
_7D36dOIjTE-00060-00014776-00014951 hate this [__] thing
_7D36dOIjTE-00061-00014952-00015191 i i hate that umbrellas take up that
_7D36dOIjTE-00062-00015191-00015447 that space like
_7D36dOIjTE-00063-00015447-00016003 obtain additional random vanguard bounty
_7D36dOIjTE-00064-00016004-00016271 scorch yeah go and just pick up some
_7D36dOIjTE-00065-00016272-00016422 more of these
_7D36dOIjTE-00066-00016423-00016935 get some little extra bits
_7D36dOIjTE-00067-00016936-00017094 oh yeah and there's no point going there
_7D36dOIjTE-00068-00017095-00017519 yet
_7D36dOIjTE-00069-00017520-00017767 your return honors me guardian right
_7D36dOIjTE-00070-00017768-00017919 let's just get rid of the old ones any
_7D36dOIjTE-00071-00017920-00018063 of them that are like 50 could just
_7D36dOIjTE-00072-00018064-00018327 disappear
_7D36dOIjTE-00073-00018328-00018567 well that was 58 joe what have you done
_7D36dOIjTE-00074-00018568-00018783 oh i actually got a funnel web that's uh
_7D36dOIjTE-00075-00018784-00019047 deep sighted
_7D36dOIjTE-00076-00019048-00019167 oh
_7D36dOIjTE-00077-00019168-00019375 that was weird and music just cut out
_7D36dOIjTE-00078-00019376-00019583 the game is also freaking out as well
_7D36dOIjTE-00079-00019584-00019814 unless again that's just my internet
_7D36dOIjTE-00080-00019815-00020150 which i hope it's not
_7D36dOIjTE-00081-00020151-00020363 ah right
_7D36dOIjTE-00082-00020364-00020527 [Music]
_7D36dOIjTE-00083-00020528-00020743 subsistence that's not as good so i'm
_7D36dOIjTE-00084-00020744-00020950 not gonna bother
_7D36dOIjTE-00085-00020951-00021103 i'm going to
_7D36dOIjTE-00086-00021104-00021319 take oh now there's no point let's just
_7D36dOIjTE-00087-00021320-00021735 dump it in the vault
_7D36dOIjTE-00088-00021736-00021991 right first
_7D36dOIjTE-00089-00021992-00022199 you stay in the vaults
_7D36dOIjTE-00090-00022200-00022350 second
_7D36dOIjTE-00091-00022351-00022743 delete all the 50s
_7D36dOIjTE-00092-00022744-00022871 [__] hell my head just started
_7D36dOIjTE-00093-00022872-00023167 randomly aching just there
_7D36dOIjTE-00094-00023168-00023558 that's not a good sign
_7D36dOIjTE-00095-00023559-00023847 right okay
_7D36dOIjTE-00096-00023848-00023942 now
_7D36dOIjTE-00097-00023943-00024167 before we go into the uh postmaster
_7D36dOIjTE-00098-00024168-00024471 we'll take the engrams off zavala
_7D36dOIjTE-00099-00024472-00024711 just in case he chucks them into the
_7D36dOIjTE-00100-00024712-00025119 post as well
_7D36dOIjTE-00101-00025120-00025255 you think i should be able to still
_7D36dOIjTE-00102-00025256-00025439 claim this like
_7D36dOIjTE-00103-00025440-00026470 bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00104-00026472-00026727 i'll be back
_7D36dOIjTE-00105-00026727-00027007 i don't even know who you are
_7D36dOIjTE-00106-00027008-00027279 right that was the sixth day
_7D36dOIjTE-00107-00027280-00027455 oh and it's the bow again the bow does
_7D36dOIjTE-00108-00027456-00027655 not want to stop haunting me it's the
_7D36dOIjTE-00109-00027656-00028127 same 60 bow like
_7D36dOIjTE-00110-00028127-00028327 i don't care how good your bow is i'm
_7D36dOIjTE-00111-00028327-00028599 not want to pick it up
_7D36dOIjTE-00112-00028600-00028807 right okay
_7D36dOIjTE-00113-00028808-00028918 so
_7D36dOIjTE-00114-00028919-00029118 yeah now we basically just do strikes
_7D36dOIjTE-00115-00029119-00029335 it's just like as boring as it sounds
_7D36dOIjTE-00116-00029336-00029646 all we do now is just strikes
_7D36dOIjTE-00117-00029647-00030087 so let's pop over here
_7D36dOIjTE-00118-00030088-00030479 or not because it doesn't want to load
_7D36dOIjTE-00119-00030480-00030718 what did i even click
_7D36dOIjTE-00120-00030719-00031014 nope i click gambit ew
_7D36dOIjTE-00121-00031016-00031239 oh my god [__] hell what is going on
_7D36dOIjTE-00122-00031239-00031670 man
_7D36dOIjTE-00123-00031672-00031879 there is something wacky going on my
_7D36dOIjTE-00124-00031880-00032470 internet today
_7D36dOIjTE-00125-00032472-00032590 pinnacle
_7D36dOIjTE-00126-00032591-00032743 there you go
_7D36dOIjTE-00127-00032744-00033918 stace is an ack
_7D36dOIjTE-00128-00033919-00034095 oh wait joe yeah you need to change to
_7D36dOIjTE-00129-00034096-00034446 one of them joe
_7D36dOIjTE-00130-00034447-00034631 feels weird having to switch off solder
_7D36dOIjTE-00131-00034632-00035655 now
_7D36dOIjTE-00132-00035656-00035807 [Music]
_7D36dOIjTE-00133-00035808-00035974 i actually have an idea why the internet
_7D36dOIjTE-00134-00035975-00036367 might be a bit weird right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00135-00036368-00036590 but i'm gonna have to organize it later
_7D36dOIjTE-00136-00036591-00036727 right now we'll do these strikes and
_7D36dOIjTE-00137-00036728-00037279 we'll go from there
_7D36dOIjTE-00138-00037280-00037455 because if it is what i think it is i i
_7D36dOIjTE-00139-00037456-00037623 just might need to reverse a decision
_7D36dOIjTE-00140-00037624-00037759 that was made
_7D36dOIjTE-00141-00037760-00037911 in regards to the internet and then we
_7D36dOIjTE-00142-00037912-00040062 might be gucci
_7D36dOIjTE-00143-00040063-00040183 oh the
_7D36dOIjTE-00144-00040184-00040583 thing pile strike
_7D36dOIjTE-00145-00040584-00041118 never mind i just lost connection
_7D36dOIjTE-00146-00041119-00041287 and i'm the one experiencing networking
_7D36dOIjTE-00147-00041288-00041446 issues okay
_7D36dOIjTE-00148-00041447-00042111 that's lovely
_7D36dOIjTE-00149-00042112-00042958 okay can i not crash this time
_7D36dOIjTE-00150-00042959-00043183 wait am i just wait where's where's my
_7D36dOIjTE-00151-00043184-00043335 stride
_7D36dOIjTE-00152-00043336-00043646 i'm so confused
_7D36dOIjTE-00153-00043647-00043967 where the [__] where's the strike
_7D36dOIjTE-00154-00043968-00044183 i'm so confused
_7D36dOIjTE-00155-00044184-00044511 what happened
_7D36dOIjTE-00156-00044512-00044758 we're not on patrol now are we
_7D36dOIjTE-00157-00044759-00045023 yeah no we're not
_7D36dOIjTE-00158-00045024-00045983 i'm i'm legitimately so confused
_7D36dOIjTE-00159-00045984-00046079 where
_7D36dOIjTE-00160-00046080-00046215 this the entrance isn't it yeah it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00161-00046216-00046486 down here
_7D36dOIjTE-00162-00046487-00047318 that was so weird
_7D36dOIjTE-00163-00047319-00048246 that was really strange
_7D36dOIjTE-00164-00048247-00048518 okay okay i might i might just have to
_7D36dOIjTE-00165-00048519-00048751 give up honestly
_7D36dOIjTE-00166-00048752-00050062 if the game is even doing this to me now
_7D36dOIjTE-00167-00050063-00050286 there's no point of us to keep playing
_7D36dOIjTE-00168-00050287-00050718 is there
_7D36dOIjTE-00169-00050719-00051023 i'm i'm just so lost so because like
_7D36dOIjTE-00170-00051024-00051311 that door is the way into the thing
_7D36dOIjTE-00171-00051312-00051502 but nothing's spawning and the other guy
_7D36dOIjTE-00172-00051503-00051790 is here as well
_7D36dOIjTE-00173-00051791-00051975 i'm guessing the strike must just be
_7D36dOIjTE-00174-00051976-00052126 broken
_7D36dOIjTE-00175-00052127-00052335 more than my internet causing off
_7D36dOIjTE-00176-00052336-00052471 something
_7D36dOIjTE-00177-00052472-00052950 ah my toe that that hurt that hurt
_7D36dOIjTE-00178-00052951-00053166 i hate that i hate what i just did to my
_7D36dOIjTE-00179-00053167-00053326 toe ow
_7D36dOIjTE-00180-00053327-00053511 okay we're gonna have to give that a few
_7D36dOIjTE-00181-00053512-00053654 seconds
_7D36dOIjTE-00182-00053655-00053926 right um whilst then just give me a few
_7D36dOIjTE-00184-00060960-00061166 okay i seriously don't know what's up i
_7D36dOIjTE-00185-00061167-00061487 just just straight up i just don't know
_7D36dOIjTE-00186-00061488-00061638 again the internet just must be having a
_7D36dOIjTE-00187-00061639-00061919 shitty day
_7D36dOIjTE-00188-00061920-00062279 because the theory that i had
_7D36dOIjTE-00189-00062279-00062623 was well not true but like a thing did
_7D36dOIjTE-00190-00062624-00062830 happen
_7D36dOIjTE-00191-00062832-00062975 but not in the way i thought it did i
_7D36dOIjTE-00192-00062976-00063166 thought like
_7D36dOIjTE-00193-00063167-00063415 the adapter itself that connects me
_7D36dOIjTE-00194-00063416-00063654 directly to my leg modem
_7D36dOIjTE-00195-00063655-00063759 was like
_7D36dOIjTE-00196-00063760-00063844 not um
_7D36dOIjTE-00197-00063845-00063959 [Music]
_7D36dOIjTE-00198-00063960-00064175 not directly in the wall but it actually
_7D36dOIjTE-00199-00064176-00064350 is so
_7D36dOIjTE-00200-00064351-00064559 i have no clue
_7D36dOIjTE-00201-00064560-00064671 why
_7D36dOIjTE-00202-00064672-00064863 the internet's been trippy with me right
_7D36dOIjTE-00203-00064864-00065735 now
_7D36dOIjTE-00204-00065736-00065894 again i'm only really worried because
_7D36dOIjTE-00205-00065895-00066126 it's just like
_7D36dOIjTE-00206-00066127-00066319 i'm so used to just seeing it be green
_7D36dOIjTE-00207-00066320-00066550 like a lot of the time and then only
_7D36dOIjTE-00208-00066551-00067135 turning red like after eight o'clock
_7D36dOIjTE-00209-00067136-00067311 maybe it's because i started before 12
_7D36dOIjTE-00210-00067312-00067447 or some [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00211-00067448-00067647 i don't know
_7D36dOIjTE-00212-00067648-00067782 right let's see if we can at least
_7D36dOIjTE-00213-00067783-00067967 attempt to start this is there one thing
_7D36dOIjTE-00214-00067968-00068382 there might be already started yo
_7D36dOIjTE-00215-00068383-00068535 i just i love the way everybody's like
_7D36dOIjTE-00216-00068536-00068815 yeah stasis
_7D36dOIjTE-00217-00068816-00068935 it joined us
_7D36dOIjTE-00218-00068936-00069606 i don't think he wants it
_7D36dOIjTE-00219-00069607-00069903 i'm gonna see if this guy control it
_7D36dOIjTE-00220-00069904-00072479 throw double nah
_7D36dOIjTE-00221-00072480-00072694 maybe my character's taking more damage
_7D36dOIjTE-00222-00072695-00072855 just because i'm wearing random armor
_7D36dOIjTE-00223-00072856-00073071 pieces now that i think about it
_7D36dOIjTE-00224-00073072-00073519 i probably should sort that out
_7D36dOIjTE-00225-00073520-00073775 uh yes i have all the deep-sighted stuff
_7D36dOIjTE-00226-00073776-00074038 except for this because
_7D36dOIjTE-00227-00074039-00074143 yeah
_7D36dOIjTE-00228-00074144-00074294 i'm not ours to transfer the other
_7D36dOIjTE-00229-00074295-00076238 weapons honestly
_7D36dOIjTE-00230-00076239-00076494 okay he just disappeared
_7D36dOIjTE-00231-00076495-00076655 i forgot that we could just steamroll
_7D36dOIjTE-00232-00076656-00076806 this
_7D36dOIjTE-00233-00076807-00077271 because we are just doing strikes now
_7D36dOIjTE-00234-00077272-00077423 okay honestly after this i think i'm
_7D36dOIjTE-00235-00077424-00077599 done i don't know what i'm going to do
_7D36dOIjTE-00236-00077600-00078415 for rest of the day though well
_7D36dOIjTE-00237-00078416-00080967 where's the boss areas
_7D36dOIjTE-00238-00080968-00081182 a big guy don't kill me come on
_7D36dOIjTE-00239-00081183-00081343 that's not funny big guy he shouldn't
_7D36dOIjTE-00240-00081344-00083215 just kill me like that come on
_7D36dOIjTE-00241-00083216-00083638 there you go they did it
_7D36dOIjTE-00242-00083639-00083718 go
_7D36dOIjTE-00243-00083719-00084055 move forward
_7D36dOIjTE-00244-00084056-00084335 where did a guy go oh there he is
_7D36dOIjTE-00245-00084336-00084535 oh cool spawn me do you send them
_7D36dOIjTE-00246-00084536-00085726 playing epic
_7D36dOIjTE-00247-00085727-00085918 yeah keep getting that new material
_7D36dOIjTE-00248-00085919-00086126 randomly it's kind of cool though that
_7D36dOIjTE-00249-00086127-00086247 you could just get it from anything
_7D36dOIjTE-00250-00086248-00086479 though
_7D36dOIjTE-00251-00086480-00086687 i'm glad it's just not limited
_7D36dOIjTE-00252-00086688-00086926 oh no please don't let that poor old
_7D36dOIjTE-00253-00086927-00087231 yolk be broken
_7D36dOIjTE-00254-00087232-00087543 thank god
_7D36dOIjTE-00255-00087544-00087687 could you imagine if that was still
_7D36dOIjTE-00256-00087688-00088991 broken like
_7D36dOIjTE-00257-00088992-00089126 again there's probably a really good
_7D36dOIjTE-00258-00089127-00089311 explanation for what's happening with
_7D36dOIjTE-00259-00089312-00089599 the stream quality right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00260-00089600-00089750 it probably is just the case of
_7D36dOIjTE-00261-00089751-00089918 something's like downloading or
_7D36dOIjTE-00262-00089919-00090550 uploading without me knowing it
_7D36dOIjTE-00263-00090551-00090735 like maybe i should like look into opera
_7D36dOIjTE-00264-00090736-00090879 actually and see if that's doing
_7D36dOIjTE-00265-00090880-00090975 anything
_7D36dOIjTE-00266-00090976-00091247 you know joe that's not even a bad show
_7D36dOIjTE-00267-00091248-00091455 which screen you opening on there you
_7D36dOIjTE-00268-00091456-00091855 are
_7D36dOIjTE-00269-00091856-00092438 right well downloads nothing there okay
_7D36dOIjTE-00270-00092439-00092711 i don't think there's anything else
_7D36dOIjTE-00271-00092712-00094206 yeah no we're good
_7D36dOIjTE-00272-00094207-00094350 you know honestly if i'm being real
_7D36dOIjTE-00273-00094351-00094494 actually i kind of just want to tune out
_7D36dOIjTE-00274-00094495-00094759 now i don't really
_7D36dOIjTE-00275-00094760-00094967 i feel a bit off now
_7D36dOIjTE-00276-00094968-00095126 i think it's just because how the
_7D36dOIjTE-00277-00095127-00095343 stream's been for the whole day
_7D36dOIjTE-00278-00095344-00095815 and me worrying about it too much
_7D36dOIjTE-00279-00095816-00095959 and plus i have kind of just been
_7D36dOIjTE-00280-00095960-00096735 streaming for a while so
_7D36dOIjTE-00281-00096736-00096871 i might need to do an internet test
_7D36dOIjTE-00282-00096872-00097055 speed as well make sure everything is
_7D36dOIjTE-00283-00097056-00098782 cheap
_7D36dOIjTE-00284-00098783-00098950 yo sebi
_7D36dOIjTE-00285-00098951-00099191 throw it
_7D36dOIjTE-00286-00099192-00099399 throw over here
_7D36dOIjTE-00287-00099400-00099694 troll i got it bro come on
_7D36dOIjTE-00288-00099695-00100087 [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00289-00100088-00100287 yo bro come on throw it to me troll to
_7D36dOIjTE-00290-00100288-00100447 me
_7D36dOIjTE-00291-00100448-00100662 do people just not know or do people
_7D36dOIjTE-00292-00100663-00100879 just not care like i'm sorry but it
_7D36dOIjTE-00293-00100880-00101031 actually is annoying me like bro i'm
_7D36dOIjTE-00294-00101032-00101255 jumping in front of you secondly that i
_7D36dOIjTE-00295-00101256-00101487 want this [__] and you're not gonna give
_7D36dOIjTE-00296-00101488-00101903 it to me like look
_7D36dOIjTE-00297-00101904-00102118 she's escaping
_7D36dOIjTE-00298-00102119-00102871 damn that was fast
_7D36dOIjTE-00299-00102872-00103086 see my problem is though when i if i do
_7D36dOIjTE-00300-00103088-00103254 go off i don't know what i'm gonna do
_7D36dOIjTE-00301-00103255-00103375 with myself
_7D36dOIjTE-00302-00103376-00103582 it's just like oh well i've kind of cut
_7D36dOIjTE-00303-00103583-00103758 out the main reason of what i do in the
_7D36dOIjTE-00304-00103759-00103975 daily daily day-to-day basis i wonder
_7D36dOIjTE-00305-00103976-00104118 what i'm going to do now
_7D36dOIjTE-00306-00104119-00104494 i don't know maybe just nothing
_7D36dOIjTE-00307-00104495-00104702 i don't know joe maybe go out for a walk
_7D36dOIjTE-00308-00104703-00104927 talk to a friend
_7D36dOIjTE-00309-00104928-00105302 do normal life stuff for once
_7D36dOIjTE-00310-00105303-00105686 no excuse me
_7D36dOIjTE-00311-00105688-00105863 i keep glancing over at the stream
_7D36dOIjTE-00312-00105864-00106078 quality and it's now green i think it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00313-00106079-00106286 doing that on purpose it's wanting me to
_7D36dOIjTE-00314-00106288-00106463 stay now
_7D36dOIjTE-00315-00106464-00106623 it's like oh joe don't worry i've soaked
_7D36dOIjTE-00316-00106624-00106958 myself out bro it's all cool
_7D36dOIjTE-00317-00106959-00107158 which again leads me to believe that
_7D36dOIjTE-00318-00107159-00107343 there was like some uploader download
_7D36dOIjTE-00319-00107344-00107519 going on whilst i've been streaming this
_7D36dOIjTE-00320-00107520-00107647 whole time
_7D36dOIjTE-00321-00107648-00107966 and it probably is just finished
_7D36dOIjTE-00322-00107967-00108727 i'm tempting fate a lot but i want to
_7D36dOIjTE-00323-00108728-00108895 because honestly if it is normal now i
_7D36dOIjTE-00324-00108896-00109071 actually might just not give a [__] and
_7D36dOIjTE-00325-00109072-00109231 just just you know do the rest of
_7D36dOIjTE-00326-00109232-00109358 strikes
_7D36dOIjTE-00327-00109359-00109758 or the other two strikes should say
_7D36dOIjTE-00328-00109759-00109919 and then that means me turning down the
_7D36dOIjTE-00329-00109920-00110183 quality was all for nothing
_7D36dOIjTE-00330-00110183-00110343 that was [__] mcafee or some [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00331-00110344-00110471 they didn't even tell me they were
_7D36dOIjTE-00332-00110472-00110815 updating or some [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00333-00110816-00110895 bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00334-00110896-00111023 throw it to me
_7D36dOIjTE-00335-00111024-00112083 thank
_7D36dOIjTE-00336-00112083-00112358 you i hear the internet my internet is
_7D36dOIjTE-00337-00112359-00112510 literally taking the piss home let me
_7D36dOIjTE-00338-00112511-00112902 just do this on purpose
_7D36dOIjTE-00339-00112903-00113110 i am freaking out on screen right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00340-00113111-00113334 and it's still not going down back to
_7D36dOIjTE-00341-00113335-00114919 red
_7D36dOIjTE-00342-00114920-00115110 oh i keep forgetting i need to put that
_7D36dOIjTE-00343-00115111-00115295 oh there we go it's going down the red
_7D36dOIjTE-00344-00115296-00115454 let's go
_7D36dOIjTE-00345-00115455-00115758 i wasn't going insane
_7D36dOIjTE-00346-00115759-00115951 but that still begs the question
_7D36dOIjTE-00347-00115952-00116143 what the [__] is wrong with my internet
_7D36dOIjTE-00348-00116144-00116302 right now and why is it only me that's
_7D36dOIjTE-00349-00116303-00116454 getting affected what feels like it
_7D36dOIjTE-00350-00116455-00116951 anyway
_7D36dOIjTE-00351-00116952-00117175 yeah because i just don't care i just
_7D36dOIjTE-00352-00117176-00117415 because i do not care
_7D36dOIjTE-00353-00117416-00117599 just open this
_7D36dOIjTE-00354-00117600-00117966 dim
_7D36dOIjTE-00355-00117967-00118623 then go straight into yoke
_7D36dOIjTE-00356-00118624-00118823 oh wait i need to actually i need to
_7D36dOIjTE-00357-00118824-00119047 actually switch the weapon first
_7D36dOIjTE-00358-00119048-00119302 that would be helpful
_7D36dOIjTE-00359-00119303-00119543 i think it's already equipped but yeah
_7D36dOIjTE-00360-00119544-00119710 and now we put that in there
_7D36dOIjTE-00361-00119711-00119902 put it in the vault out of the way
_7D36dOIjTE-00362-00119903-00120375 and the smg is still doing its thing
_7D36dOIjTE-00363-00120376-00121007 oh
_7D36dOIjTE-00364-00121008-00121271 obs need an update
_7D36dOIjTE-00365-00121272-00121510 check for updates
_7D36dOIjTE-00366-00121511-00121743 new update available okay i might have
_7D36dOIjTE-00367-00121744-00121966 to do that soon just
_7D36dOIjTE-00368-00121967-00122199 um yeah actually let me write that down
_7D36dOIjTE-00369-00122200-00123199 so don't forget
_7D36dOIjTE-00370-00123200-00123814 right that's calm that's calm
_7D36dOIjTE-00371-00123815-00124014 and one other thing i wanted to check
_7D36dOIjTE-00372-00124015-00124166 was then this
_7D36dOIjTE-00373-00124167-00124399 let's see this shite bag of
_7D36dOIjTE-00374-00124400-00126614 antivirus is doing something
_7D36dOIjTE-00375-00126615-00126854 yeah notify me just in case it was that
_7D36dOIjTE-00376-00126855-00127663 but i don't think it is
_7D36dOIjTE-00377-00127664-00127927 wait i want oh wait what
_7D36dOIjTE-00378-00127928-00128302 yeah notify me when available
_7D36dOIjTE-00379-00128303-00128447 that's it yeah
_7D36dOIjTE-00380-00128448-00128663 right
_7D36dOIjTE-00381-00128664-00128807 okay
_7D36dOIjTE-00382-00128808-00129102 let's uh
_7D36dOIjTE-00383-00129103-00129447 let's plow through this [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00384-00129448-00129686 and then i'm gonna go
_7D36dOIjTE-00385-00129688-00129807 because i'm not gonna lie i don't really
_7D36dOIjTE-00386-00129808-00130399 feel good right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00387-00130400-00130575 plus it is summer so maybe i should
_7D36dOIjTE-00388-00130576-00130758 stream less so i can actually go out
_7D36dOIjTE-00389-00130759-00130990 more and also keep the window open
_7D36dOIjTE-00390-00130991-00131102 because you know
_7D36dOIjTE-00391-00131103-00131383 the room's air is very warm it's very
_7D36dOIjTE-00392-00131384-00131511 stagnant
_7D36dOIjTE-00393-00131512-00131654 it's nice to have that fresh air
_7D36dOIjTE-00394-00131655-00131854 constantly flowing into the room
_7D36dOIjTE-00395-00131855-00132014 and as i said before it'd be nice to
_7D36dOIjTE-00396-00132015-00132207 like actually play with friends
_7D36dOIjTE-00397-00132208-00132351 you know
_7D36dOIjTE-00398-00132352-00132535 maybe i should just not care just invite
_7D36dOIjTE-00399-00132536-00134478 them on yeah
_7D36dOIjTE-00400-00134479-00135014 is it this same [__] okay thank god
_7D36dOIjTE-00401-00135015-00135207 i thought this was going to be uh yolk
_7D36dOIjTE-00402-00135208-00135343 but it's not
_7D36dOIjTE-00403-00135344-00135559 all right
_7D36dOIjTE-00404-00135560-00135902 but the only way it
_7D36dOIjTE-00405-00135903-00136711 a is leave that part to me
_7D36dOIjTE-00406-00136712-00137359 wow
_7D36dOIjTE-00407-00137360-00137543 hey hey hey that's our guy the one
_7D36dOIjTE-00408-00137544-00137766 guarding the temple what's he doing away
_7D36dOIjTE-00409-00137767-00137895 from his post
_7D36dOIjTE-00410-00137896-00139278 this could be our chance
_7D36dOIjTE-00411-00139279-00139743 oh we can just keep going
_7D36dOIjTE-00412-00139744-00139902 i already missed the guardian games
_7D36dOIjTE-00413-00139903-00140583 versions of destroys honestly
_7D36dOIjTE-00414-00140584-00140751 as i said though they do plan to
_7D36dOIjTE-00415-00140752-00140951 reintroduce that guardian game still for
_7D36dOIjTE-00416-00140952-00141039 like
_7D36dOIjTE-00417-00141040-00142583 the actual normal gameplay
_7D36dOIjTE-00418-00142584-00143039 he got decimated i feel bad bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00419-00143040-00143199 i say it as i'm the one that pulled the
_7D36dOIjTE-00420-00143200-00144175 trigger
_7D36dOIjTE-00421-00144176-00144351 how dare you throw that made up my
_7D36dOIjTE-00422-00144352-00145343 teammates
_7D36dOIjTE-00423-00145344-00146871 i need to do use that twice
_7D36dOIjTE-00424-00146872-00147535 bro my brain cells just turned off
_7D36dOIjTE-00425-00147536-00148566 damn he is running for him
_7D36dOIjTE-00426-00148567-00149078 look back there the path is unblocked
_7D36dOIjTE-00427-00149079-00149223 was even blocked in the first place
_7D36dOIjTE-00428-00149224-00151951 ghost let's be real
_7D36dOIjTE-00429-00151952-00152126 there's your ride you just hop on and
_7D36dOIjTE-00430-00152127-00154071 i'll handle the rest
_7D36dOIjTE-00431-00154072-00154159 ah
_7D36dOIjTE-00432-00154160-00154278 there it is
_7D36dOIjTE-00433-00154279-00155543 here we go it's moving
_7D36dOIjTE-00434-00155544-00155687 it's not really much i can do with these
_7D36dOIjTE-00435-00155688-00155847 short range weapons but you know we'll
_7D36dOIjTE-00436-00155848-00156447 try what we can
_7D36dOIjTE-00437-00156448-00157926 yeah i'm not doing much
_7D36dOIjTE-00438-00157927-00158054 that doesn't matter we'll go in from
_7D36dOIjTE-00439-00158055-00158463 here
_7D36dOIjTE-00440-00158464-00158631 why did we stop
_7D36dOIjTE-00441-00158632-00158895 yeah i don't know i didn't expect this
_7D36dOIjTE-00442-00158896-00159247 just a little hiccup
_7D36dOIjTE-00443-00159248-00159519 i look like his super's gone
_7D36dOIjTE-00444-00159520-00159702 like just because he's like a hive
_7D36dOIjTE-00445-00159703-00161526 guardian his super is gone
_7D36dOIjTE-00446-00161527-00161743 i wish any amount of super you use like
_7D36dOIjTE-00447-00161744-00161951 or didn't use during that like we'll
_7D36dOIjTE-00448-00161952-00162231 just save for next time
_7D36dOIjTE-00449-00162232-00162487 boats on the move again
_7D36dOIjTE-00450-00162488-00162807 the boats on the boots again
_7D36dOIjTE-00451-00162808-00163007 oh you heard me and what i said that the
_7D36dOIjTE-00452-00163008-00163919 boat's back on the boat again
_7D36dOIjTE-00453-00163920-00165023 oh i actually hit that
_7D36dOIjTE-00454-00165024-00165247 oh if i was over that side i could have
_7D36dOIjTE-00455-00165248-00165871 meh probably not actually
_7D36dOIjTE-00456-00165872-00166087 oh how did you get on board
_7D36dOIjTE-00457-00166088-00166495 oh oh no
_7D36dOIjTE-00458-00166496-00166766 i never thought yeah that makes sense
_7D36dOIjTE-00459-00166767-00167023 though but i never thought
_7D36dOIjTE-00460-00167024-00167559 boat
_7D36dOIjTE-00461-00167560-00168238 and i'm back
_7D36dOIjTE-00462-00168239-00168431 thank god the respawn timer wasn't that
_7D36dOIjTE-00463-00168432-00169111 long
_7D36dOIjTE-00464-00169112-00169647 huh
_7D36dOIjTE-00465-00169648-00169878 then we're stuck again
_7D36dOIjTE-00466-00169879-00170014 seriously but
_7D36dOIjTE-00467-00170015-00170311 i did the thing it's just this hive tech
_7D36dOIjTE-00468-00170312-00170487 so archaic
_7D36dOIjTE-00469-00170488-00171614 ah just give me a sec
_7D36dOIjTE-00470-00171615-00172495 god
_7D36dOIjTE-00471-00172496-00172678 okay we're getting close to the swamp
_7D36dOIjTE-00472-00172679-00172966 now temple's not far from here you said
_7D36dOIjTE-00473-00172967-00173183 this is a temple to oryx
_7D36dOIjTE-00474-00173184-00173390 yeah that's right
_7D36dOIjTE-00475-00173391-00173583 savathun's brother
_7D36dOIjTE-00476-00173584-00173854 the taken king himself
_7D36dOIjTE-00477-00173855-00174023 still killed each other about a million
_7D36dOIjTE-00478-00174024-00174287 times over but she dedicated a temple
_7D36dOIjTE-00479-00174288-00174463 tool
_7D36dOIjTE-00480-00174464-00174647 let me know how that works
_7D36dOIjTE-00481-00174648-00174878 now be careful here
_7D36dOIjTE-00482-00174879-00175023 something happened to this place it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00483-00175024-00175199 overgrown with
_7D36dOIjTE-00484-00175200-00175414 i can sense light here though i just
_7D36dOIjTE-00485-00175415-00175559 can't see it
_7D36dOIjTE-00486-00175560-00175951 maybe there's a safe path through
_7D36dOIjTE-00487-00175952-00177799 that guy is like staying behind
_7D36dOIjTE-00488-00177800-00178087 yeah so that's what those things do me
_7D36dOIjTE-00489-00178088-00178238 and my mate we're discussing like what
_7D36dOIjTE-00490-00178239-00178463 those checkpoint things even do
_7D36dOIjTE-00491-00178464-00178695 they actually reveal like the lamp which
_7D36dOIjTE-00492-00178696-00178911 is so weird i never actually noticed
_7D36dOIjTE-00493-00178912-00179231 that until we discussed it like
_7D36dOIjTE-00494-00179232-00179447 see right now there's like no lamp you
_7D36dOIjTE-00495-00179448-00179719 go through here and there's a lamp
_7D36dOIjTE-00496-00179720-00180807 like it's so weird
_7D36dOIjTE-00497-00180808-00181007 oh now he's dead
_7D36dOIjTE-00498-00181008-00181223 he's so far back though i i can't run
_7D36dOIjTE-00499-00181224-00182231 all the way back for him
_7D36dOIjTE-00500-00182232-00182414 cheesy third i don't know where it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00501-00182415-00183054 gone
_7D36dOIjTE-00502-00183055-00183975 now you don't see it now you do
_7D36dOIjTE-00503-00183976-00184143 okay it's this is the end right here
_7D36dOIjTE-00504-00184144-00184543 like i don't need a weight
_7D36dOIjTE-00505-00184544-00184695 and plus we have the deep sight done on
_7D36dOIjTE-00506-00184696-00184935 this looks like we're all clear [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00507-00184936-00185078 we're heading in
_7D36dOIjTE-00508-00185079-00185175 careful
_7D36dOIjTE-00509-00185176-00185390 the knight guarding this place
_7D36dOIjTE-00511-00189903-00190214 oh damn these are actually strong
_7D36dOIjTE-00512-00190215-00190566 oh yeah joe good job
_7D36dOIjTE-00513-00190567-00191295 good job on dying
_7D36dOIjTE-00514-00191296-00191607 come on ah rip
_7D36dOIjTE-00515-00191608-00191775 at least before i died on the boat i
_7D36dOIjTE-00516-00191776-00194214 used the thingy one
_7D36dOIjTE-00517-00194215-00194487 how the [__] do we both do that geez
_7D36dOIjTE-00518-00194488-00194823 that shouldn't have been possible
_7D36dOIjTE-00519-00194824-00194999 i know the game bugs out sometimes but
_7D36dOIjTE-00520-00195000-00195790 like that was strange
_7D36dOIjTE-00521-00195791-00196119 damn he went flying
_7D36dOIjTE-00522-00196120-00196319 now he he's moving now he's straight up
_7D36dOIjTE-00523-00196320-00196990 just did not want to do the lampard lick
_7D36dOIjTE-00524-00196991-00197175 it'd be so awkward if they introduced
_7D36dOIjTE-00525-00197176-00197483 like the uh dark blade
_7D36dOIjTE-00526-00197484-00197711 strike but then again it'd be cool like
_7D36dOIjTE-00527-00197712-00198671 story continuity kind of thing
_7D36dOIjTE-00528-00198672-00199383 okay excuse me
_7D36dOIjTE-00529-00199384-00199719 now hello cool come here
_7D36dOIjTE-00530-00199720-00199878 bro i'm trying to pick up the orbs like
_7D36dOIjTE-00531-00199879-00200047 give me a sec
_7D36dOIjTE-00532-00200048-00200183 i know you're probably thirsting for
_7D36dOIjTE-00533-00200184-00201807 some too but like bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00534-00201808-00202078 that [__] ain't gonna work on me
_7D36dOIjTE-00535-00202079-00202711 just face the suppression ahead on like
_7D36dOIjTE-00536-00202712-00204343 that and then embarrass your ghost
_7D36dOIjTE-00537-00204344-00206231 okay maybe i should go this way
_7D36dOIjTE-00538-00206232-00206414 story alcohol this ain't the nightfall
_7D36dOIjTE-00539-00206415-00206551 you're not going to do that much damage
_7D36dOIjTE-00540-00206552-00206686 to me
_7D36dOIjTE-00541-00206687-00208390 except i am blind now i cannot see
_7D36dOIjTE-00542-00208391-00208862 i can't get it
_7D36dOIjTE-00543-00208863-00209527 there you go
_7D36dOIjTE-00544-00209528-00209710 come on do it again
_7D36dOIjTE-00545-00209711-00209855 go on alika you know you want to do it
_7D36dOIjTE-00546-00209856-00210119 again come on
_7D36dOIjTE-00547-00210119-00210271 but i look at this [__] like he's just
_7D36dOIjTE-00548-00210271-00210455 running away from me like
_7D36dOIjTE-00549-00210456-00210703 he's probably gonna kill me eventually
_7D36dOIjTE-00550-00210704-00211031 see he almost killed me there oh [__]
_7D36dOIjTE-00551-00211032-00211542 there we go
_7D36dOIjTE-00552-00211544-00211879 level 15
_7D36dOIjTE-00553-00211880-00212175 vestiges of dread
_7D36dOIjTE-00554-00212176-00212806 yup
_7D36dOIjTE-00555-00212807-00212951 man when i said i'd be streaming until
_7D36dOIjTE-00556-00212952-00213103 my brain falls out i think i kind of
_7D36dOIjTE-00557-00213104-00213342 meant to look
_7D36dOIjTE-00558-00213344-00213542 [__] hell my head is already just
_7D36dOIjTE-00559-00213544-00213710 like bro i want out
_7D36dOIjTE-00560-00213711-00213846 i think it's just because like there's
_7D36dOIjTE-00561-00213848-00213958 no
_7D36dOIjTE-00562-00213959-00214151 entertainment value for me just from
_7D36dOIjTE-00563-00214152-00214382 listing at the normal destiny tunes and
_7D36dOIjTE-00564-00214383-00214542 stuff like
_7D36dOIjTE-00565-00214544-00214782 in dialogue
_7D36dOIjTE-00566-00214783-00214975 i've already exhausted that ages ago
_7D36dOIjTE-00567-00214976-00215175 when i played it the first few hundred
_7D36dOIjTE-00568-00215176-00215398 times
_7D36dOIjTE-00569-00215400-00215527 but then again i love the way we
_7D36dOIjTE-00570-00215528-00215719 complain about content being removed but
_7D36dOIjTE-00571-00215719-00215887 then like the content we have right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00572-00215888-00216039 we can kind of complain that we don't
_7D36dOIjTE-00573-00216040-00216182 want to keep playing
_7D36dOIjTE-00574-00216183-00216367 again and again and again for the same
_7D36dOIjTE-00575-00216367-00216582 things like
_7D36dOIjTE-00576-00216583-00216734 especially when weapons are just like
_7D36dOIjTE-00577-00216735-00216975 reprised and stuff
_7D36dOIjTE-00578-00216976-00217175 i bet like palindromes been taken out
_7D36dOIjTE-00579-00217176-00217334 for now but they're gonna reintroduce it
_7D36dOIjTE-00580-00217335-00217575 with like uh origin traits and [__] if
_7D36dOIjTE-00581-00217576-00218215 it doesn't already have them
_7D36dOIjTE-00582-00218216-00218663 ah
_7D36dOIjTE-00583-00218664-00218934 proving grounds
_7D36dOIjTE-00584-00218935-00219119 or is it the other one or an inverted
_7D36dOIjTE-00585-00219119-00219206 spire
_7D36dOIjTE-00586-00219207-00219494 ah there we go yeah i'm very inspired
_7D36dOIjTE-00587-00219496-00219655 [__] helmet
_7D36dOIjTE-00588-00219656-00219831 how was this strike not removed from the
_7D36dOIjTE-00589-00219832-00220127 game by now honestly like [__] hell
_7D36dOIjTE-00590-00220128-00220534 this this strike is so old
_7D36dOIjTE-00591-00220535-00220719 it's literally the beta strike like
_7D36dOIjTE-00592-00220719-00221303 that's how old this
_7D36dOIjTE-00593-00221304-00221551 of weights at the is 4.
_7D36dOIjTE-00594-00221552-00221910 as if my life wasn't hard enough already
_7D36dOIjTE-00595-00221911-00222071 damn poor phil said
_7D36dOIjTE-00596-00222071-00222198 sorry sorry
_7D36dOIjTE-00597-00222200-00222687 there you go
_7D36dOIjTE-00598-00222688-00222919 is there's still some oh there's
_7D36dOIjTE-00599-00222919-00223263 cabal actually coming in from behind
_7D36dOIjTE-00600-00223264-00224279 like they're meant to
_7D36dOIjTE-00601-00224280-00224479 excuse me
_7D36dOIjTE-00602-00224480-00224782 all right that's your sneeze compilation
_7D36dOIjTE-00603-00224783-00224942 there's streamer sneeze compilation
_7D36dOIjTE-00604-00224944-00225479 there you go
_7D36dOIjTE-00605-00225480-00225663 ryan would be a weird woman just use
_7D36dOIjTE-00606-00225664-00226031 this way
_7D36dOIjTE-00607-00226032-00226303 that's how og i am
_7D36dOIjTE-00608-00226304-00226519 or even more og would be just sparrowing
_7D36dOIjTE-00609-00226519-00226791 across this whole time
_7D36dOIjTE-00610-00226792-00226927 which i've learned like the back of my
_7D36dOIjTE-00611-00226928-00227375 hand unintentionally
_7D36dOIjTE-00612-00227376-00227671 on your right the waterfall of vex
_7D36dOIjTE-00613-00227671-00229582 milk yes
_7D36dOIjTE-00614-00229583-00229782 i just wanted that guy to stop shooting
_7D36dOIjTE-00615-00229783-00230527 like this centurion
_7D36dOIjTE-00616-00230528-00230671 i don't know where those bits on my
_7D36dOIjTE-00617-00230671-00231294 monitor screen are coming from
_7D36dOIjTE-00618-00231296-00231639 right yo
_7D36dOIjTE-00619-00231640-00232791 hop up and cheerio
_7D36dOIjTE-00620-00232792-00232991 hope it's locked okay up there right
_7D36dOIjTE-00621-00232992-00233239 it's open
_7D36dOIjTE-00622-00233240-00233398 i was gonna say i might have to back out
_7D36dOIjTE-00623-00233400-00234287 of it but never mind
_7D36dOIjTE-00624-00234288-00234479 okay thanks sion for just teleporting
_7D36dOIjTE-00625-00234480-00234894 away
_7D36dOIjTE-00626-00234896-00235046 oh barry
_7D36dOIjTE-00627-00235048-00235287 this planet loves barriers
_7D36dOIjTE-00628-00235288-00235503 zavala i think they're trying to contain
_7D36dOIjTE-00629-00235504-00235655 the red legion
_7D36dOIjTE-00630-00235656-00235903 they have bigger problems
_7D36dOIjTE-00631-00235904-00236079 uh ghosts i think this place is like a
_7D36dOIjTE-00632-00236080-00237798 center another planet technically
_7D36dOIjTE-00633-00237800-00238039 then i think about it if nessus is like
_7D36dOIjTE-00634-00238040-00238391 a center just a free-form roaming
_7D36dOIjTE-00635-00238392-00238782 big rock that's like a planet and like
_7D36dOIjTE-00636-00238783-00238975 look at those drills
_7D36dOIjTE-00637-00238976-00239151 even the vex can't stop it i don't know
_7D36dOIjTE-00638-00239152-00239342 what i was gonna say
_7D36dOIjTE-00639-00239344-00239751 survival is
_7D36dOIjTE-00640-00239752-00240119 i got radiant
_7D36dOIjTE-00641-00240119-00240534 i love this effect makes me like golden
_7D36dOIjTE-00642-00240535-00240751 or i think it makes the weapon golden
_7D36dOIjTE-00643-00240752-00240951 well let's say yeah it makes the weapon
_7D36dOIjTE-00644-00240952-00241479 gold
_7D36dOIjTE-00645-00241480-00242519 out
_7D36dOIjTE-00646-00242519-00243887 oh god
_7D36dOIjTE-00647-00243888-00244391 hmm
_7D36dOIjTE-00648-00244392-00244519 you know the unfortunate thing about
_7D36dOIjTE-00649-00244519-00244694 destiny now is like
_7D36dOIjTE-00650-00244696-00244871 i'm having a headache now just from
_7D36dOIjTE-00651-00244871-00245030 playing a bit
_7D36dOIjTE-00652-00245031-00245279 but man like it's just like
_7D36dOIjTE-00653-00245280-00245551 i bet now when i go like stop the stream
_7D36dOIjTE-00654-00245552-00245687 and [__] like everybody's gonna be like
_7D36dOIjTE-00655-00245688-00245806 oh yeah do you want to play destiny it's
_7D36dOIjTE-00656-00245807-00245903 like bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00657-00245904-00246175 okay i guess i will
_7D36dOIjTE-00658-00246176-00246342 to be fair though i still do want to
_7D36dOIjTE-00659-00246344-00246471 level up [__] i just don't know if i
_7D36dOIjTE-00660-00246471-00246639 want to keep streaming i'm doing this
_7D36dOIjTE-00661-00246640-00246767 same time and
_7D36dOIjTE-00662-00246767-00246919 technically maybe
_7D36dOIjTE-00663-00246919-00248030 stunting my brain from getting fresh air
_7D36dOIjTE-00664-00248031-00248158 just so you know
_7D36dOIjTE-00665-00248159-00248398 i have detected a massive vex energy
_7D36dOIjTE-00666-00248400-00248542 signature
_7D36dOIjTE-00667-00248544-00248758 and tripod oh
_7D36dOIjTE-00668-00248759-00248934 my holy [__] i thought i was going to
_7D36dOIjTE-00669-00248935-00249110 die from it
_7D36dOIjTE-00670-00249111-00249310 the hell good
_7D36dOIjTE-00671-00249311-00249446 wow whatever
_7D36dOIjTE-00672-00249448-00249582 i don't care i just want to get through
_7D36dOIjTE-00673-00249583-00250455 the strike
_7D36dOIjTE-00674-00250456-00250663 come on warlock be more creative than
_7D36dOIjTE-00675-00250664-00251110 that
_7D36dOIjTE-00676-00251111-00251358 bro my warlock is so uncreative he just
_7D36dOIjTE-00677-00251359-00252798 wants to keep shooting things
_7D36dOIjTE-00678-00252800-00255679 uh
_7D36dOIjTE-00679-00255680-00255887 i got one power just for standing still
_7D36dOIjTE-00680-00255888-00257391 and firing in his direct line let's go
_7D36dOIjTE-00681-00257392-00257510 this thing launches in the right
_7D36dOIjTE-00682-00257511-00257615 direction
_7D36dOIjTE-00683-00257616-00258175 it will go don't worry
_7D36dOIjTE-00684-00258176-00258358 all right okay i just remember there's
_7D36dOIjTE-00685-00258359-00258567 no point
_7D36dOIjTE-00686-00258567-00258806 oh let's level the
_7D36dOIjTE-00687-00258807-00259230 other rifle up instead
_7D36dOIjTE-00688-00259231-00259406 i know people go into like you know the
_7D36dOIjTE-00689-00259407-00259582 thrall way for example and just farm
_7D36dOIjTE-00690-00259583-00259815 there but
_7D36dOIjTE-00691-00259816-00260079 i don't mind like i just leave them on
_7D36dOIjTE-00692-00260080-00260471 like leave the weapons on over time
_7D36dOIjTE-00693-00260471-00260646 and plus i never really leveled them up
_7D36dOIjTE-00694-00260648-00260839 enough for mementos because like i just
_7D36dOIjTE-00695-00260840-00261015 know i'm not gonna bother aim for one
_7D36dOIjTE-00696-00261016-00261319 anyway so
_7D36dOIjTE-00697-00261319-00261582 and you can't like force me to play that
_7D36dOIjTE-00698-00261583-00261798 much gamba like a [__] on a gambit just
_7D36dOIjTE-00699-00261800-00261958 to get like
_7D36dOIjTE-00700-00261959-00262142 a memento i might even like on the
_7D36dOIjTE-00701-00262144-00263439 weapon like
_7D36dOIjTE-00702-00263440-00263599 are they actually now they're they're
_7D36dOIjTE-00703-00263600-00264071 fighting stuff for and i'll come back
_7D36dOIjTE-00704-00264072-00264310 i could rush ahead but now if they're
_7D36dOIjTE-00705-00264311-00265087 not rushing ahead i'll slow down a bit
_7D36dOIjTE-00706-00265088-00265375 oh the stasis energy sword looks so cool
_7D36dOIjTE-00707-00265376-00265551 oh never mind those [__] just ran
_7D36dOIjTE-00708-00265552-00267367 ahead without me
_7D36dOIjTE-00709-00267368-00267599 oh my god my i think my sparrow killed a
_7D36dOIjTE-00710-00267600-00267799 harpy
_7D36dOIjTE-00711-00267800-00268903 okay let's get this guy
_7D36dOIjTE-00712-00268904-00269047 yeah we're not going to be able to wipe
_7D36dOIjTE-00713-00269048-00269191 them here
_7D36dOIjTE-00714-00269192-00269391 i didn't even have my shotgun loaded for
_7D36dOIjTE-00715-00269392-00270582 this
_7D36dOIjTE-00716-00270583-00270847 yeah see that proves that
_7D36dOIjTE-00717-00270848-00271295 now there we go
_7D36dOIjTE-00718-00271296-00271471 oh oh yeah okay he still killed me
_7D36dOIjTE-00719-00271472-00271591 anyway
_7D36dOIjTE-00720-00271592-00271758 that's embarrassing i shouldn't have
_7D36dOIjTE-00721-00271759-00271927 died there honestly
_7D36dOIjTE-00722-00271928-00274495 i'm not gonna lie
_7D36dOIjTE-00723-00274496-00274647 you know when you think about it so
_7D36dOIjTE-00724-00274648-00274991 surreal using stasis in an old activity
_7D36dOIjTE-00725-00274992-00275199 it's like this ability did not exist
_7D36dOIjTE-00726-00275200-00275455 back then
_7D36dOIjTE-00727-00275456-00275703 oh finally we got something that's not a
_7D36dOIjTE-00728-00275704-00275863 bond
_7D36dOIjTE-00729-00275864-00276447 thank god
_7D36dOIjTE-00730-00276448-00276599 oh and they got yodan's catalyst i was
_7D36dOIjTE-00731-00276600-00276743 wondering what that exotic character
_7D36dOIjTE-00732-00276744-00276910 came out was
_7D36dOIjTE-00733-00276911-00277079 wait i just realized i still haven't got
_7D36dOIjTE-00734-00277080-00277630 an outbreak thing done yet like bro
_7D36dOIjTE-00735-00277631-00278255 uh oh brah of course it's still a 61.
_7D36dOIjTE-00736-00278256-00278351 ah
_7D36dOIjTE-00737-00278352-00278527 i'm so annoyed
_7D36dOIjTE-00738-00278528-00278727 right anyway i'm just going to end the
_7D36dOIjTE-00739-00278728-00279039 stream here i'm just so tired right now
_7D36dOIjTE-00740-00279040-00279151 adios
_7D36dOIjTE-00742-00288488-00288696 you
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00000-00000270-00000371 foreign
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00001-00000372-00002428 [Music]
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00002-00002429-00003454 [Music]
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00003-00003455-00003576 foreign
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00005-00007458-00007512 foreign
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00006-00007513-00010314 [Music]
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00007-00010315-00010721 [Music]
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00008-00010722-00011026 foreign
_qpuX8Qqs1E-00009-00011027-00012608 [Music]
_r99B5EXf0Y-00000-00000042-00000238 and I now give the floor
_r99B5EXf0Y-00001-00000239-00000455 to the distinguished representative of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00002-00000456-00000749 international institute for democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00003-00000750-00001395 and electoral assistance
_r99B5EXf0Y-00004-00001396-00001591 [Music]
_r99B5EXf0Y-00005-00001592-00001780 excellencies
_r99B5EXf0Y-00006-00001782-00002057 International idea continues to strongly
_r99B5EXf0Y-00007-00002058-00002279 condemn the amprovoked war of aggression
_r99B5EXf0Y-00008-00002280-00002513 against Ukraine waged by the Russian
_r99B5EXf0Y-00009-00002514-00002758 Federation violating the basic
_r99B5EXf0Y-00010-00002759-00002963 principles of the U.N Charter that
_r99B5EXf0Y-00011-00002964-00003245 states that all member states shall
_r99B5EXf0Y-00012-00003246-00003443 refrain in their international relations
_r99B5EXf0Y-00013-00003444-00003647 from the threat or use of force against
_r99B5EXf0Y-00014-00003647-00003838 the territorial Integrity or political
_r99B5EXf0Y-00015-00003839-00004222 Independence of any state or any in any
_r99B5EXf0Y-00016-00004223-00004385 other manic inconsistent with the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00017-00004386-00004625 purposes of the United Nations
_r99B5EXf0Y-00018-00004626-00004888 we reiterate to this assembly that the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00019-00004889-00005099 war and the atrocities committed by
_r99B5EXf0Y-00020-00005100-00005404 Russia in Ukraine a Sovereign Nation and
_r99B5EXf0Y-00021-00005405-00005536 a democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00022-00005537-00005741 are in breach of international law
_r99B5EXf0Y-00023-00005742-00006065 international agreements the U.N Charter
_r99B5EXf0Y-00024-00006066-00006400 and the rules-based international order
_r99B5EXf0Y-00025-00006401-00006695 International idea deplores the illegal
_r99B5EXf0Y-00026-00006695-00006953 and illegitimate holding of referendums
_r99B5EXf0Y-00027-00006954-00007259 in Ukraine's occupied territories on
_r99B5EXf0Y-00028-00007259-00007481 joining the Russian Federation
_r99B5EXf0Y-00029-00007481-00007720 stage to imitate the pursuit of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00030-00007722-00007978 self-determination of people they are an
_r99B5EXf0Y-00031-00007979-00008291 egregious abuse of this direct democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00032-00008292-00008627 tool by a hostile occupying power and an
_r99B5EXf0Y-00033-00008628-00008855 illegal attempt to modify the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00034-00008856-00009101 internationally recognized borders of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00035-00009102-00009245 Ukraine
_r99B5EXf0Y-00036-00009246-00009424 these referendums violate the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00037-00009425-00009605 constitution of Ukraine which states
_r99B5EXf0Y-00038-00009606-00009869 that the organization and procedure for
_r99B5EXf0Y-00039-00009870-00010073 conducting referendums are determined
_r99B5EXf0Y-00040-00010074-00010355 exclusively by the laws of Ukraine
_r99B5EXf0Y-00041-00010356-00010642 they are conducted in Gross violation of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00042-00010643-00010801 established principles of international
_r99B5EXf0Y-00043-00010802-00011092 humanitarian and human rights law
_r99B5EXf0Y-00044-00011093-00011333 in the context of Russia's continued
_r99B5EXf0Y-00045-00011334-00011627 assault and ongoing occupation
_r99B5EXf0Y-00046-00011628-00011867 the organization of a referendum aided
_r99B5EXf0Y-00047-00011868-00012127 or organized by occupying forces
_r99B5EXf0Y-00048-00012128-00012360 presumptively violates the Hague
_r99B5EXf0Y-00049-00012361-00012664 regulations of 1907 and the Fourth
_r99B5EXf0Y-00050-00012665-00012946 Geneva Convention in no circumstances
_r99B5EXf0Y-00051-00012947-00013163 can these referendums be considered as
_r99B5EXf0Y-00052-00013163-00013313 an exercise of a right to
_r99B5EXf0Y-00053-00013313-00013499 self-determination
_r99B5EXf0Y-00054-00013500-00013780 through remedial secession International
_r99B5EXf0Y-00055-00013781-00013997 idea calls on the International
_r99B5EXf0Y-00056-00013997-00014225 Community to condemn these referendums
_r99B5EXf0Y-00057-00014226-00014530 as illegitimate and illegal and not to
_r99B5EXf0Y-00058-00014531-00014716 recognize a forceful and illegal
_r99B5EXf0Y-00059-00014718-00014980 annexation of the territories by Russia
_r99B5EXf0Y-00060-00014981-00015244 we also deploy Russia's use and abuse of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00061-00015245-00015461 the veto power in the U.N security
_r99B5EXf0Y-00062-00015462-00015779 Council a body created to guarantee
_r99B5EXf0Y-00063-00015780-00016108 International Peace and security not to
_r99B5EXf0Y-00064-00016109-00016355 enable war and its perpetrators
_r99B5EXf0Y-00065-00016356-00016589 the systematic abuse of Vita powers in
_r99B5EXf0Y-00066-00016590-00016780 the security Council calls for profound
_r99B5EXf0Y-00067-00016781-00017075 reform of this body to ensure that it
_r99B5EXf0Y-00068-00017076-00017315 can truly uphold the principles of the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00069-00017316-00017507 U.N Charter
_r99B5EXf0Y-00070-00017508-00017722 we also wish to remind this assembly
_r99B5EXf0Y-00071-00017723-00017944 that this conflict is not only about
_r99B5EXf0Y-00072-00017945-00018269 sovereignty but also about democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00073-00018270-00018515 the survival of democracy in Ukraine is
_r99B5EXf0Y-00074-00018516-00018730 not an add-on in the territorial defense
_r99B5EXf0Y-00075-00018731-00018989 of the country but a fundamental aspect
_r99B5EXf0Y-00076-00018990-00019319 of it Russia's war of aggression is also
_r99B5EXf0Y-00077-00019320-00019517 an attack on a democratic political
_r99B5EXf0Y-00078-00019518-00019817 system that securely places the destiny
_r99B5EXf0Y-00079-00019818-00020027 of the country in the hands of Ukrainian
_r99B5EXf0Y-00080-00020028-00020357 civilians and out of the reach of Russia
_r99B5EXf0Y-00081-00020358-00020608 we therefore also urge those in this
_r99B5EXf0Y-00082-00020609-00020861 assembly that will support Ukraine's
_r99B5EXf0Y-00083-00020862-00021083 reconstruction process to place
_r99B5EXf0Y-00084-00021084-00021358 democracy at its Center
_r99B5EXf0Y-00085-00021359-00021641 we reiterate our firm belief that
_r99B5EXf0Y-00086-00021642-00021803 International crisis should be addressed
_r99B5EXf0Y-00087-00021804-00021922 through the means of multilateral
_r99B5EXf0Y-00088-00021923-00022193 diplomacy and resolved on the basis of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00089-00022194-00022457 the principles of the U.N Charter
_r99B5EXf0Y-00090-00022458-00022727 we urge Russia to immediately end its
_r99B5EXf0Y-00091-00022728-00022930 full-scale unlawful invasion of Ukraine
_r99B5EXf0Y-00092-00022931-00023080 and we demand the immediate and
_r99B5EXf0Y-00093-00023081-00023321 unconditional withdrawal of all its
_r99B5EXf0Y-00094-00023322-00023561 military forces from Ukraine
_r99B5EXf0Y-00095-00023562-00023753 we welcome the adoption and enforcement
_r99B5EXf0Y-00096-00023754-00023867 of sanctions by the International
_r99B5EXf0Y-00097-00023868-00024064 Community against the Russian Federation
_r99B5EXf0Y-00098-00024065-00024250 until withdrawal of their forces from
_r99B5EXf0Y-00099-00024251-00024485 Ukraine and the full restoration of its
_r99B5EXf0Y-00100-00024486-00024683 territorial integrity
_r99B5EXf0Y-00101-00024684-00024977 International idea will continue to do
_r99B5EXf0Y-00102-00024978-00025180 its part in collaboration with the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00103-00025181-00025433 United Nations Our member states and
_r99B5EXf0Y-00104-00025434-00025643 other democratic governments and
_r99B5EXf0Y-00105-00025644-00025925 organizations to protect in Ukraine and
_r99B5EXf0Y-00106-00025926-00026134 elsewhere the principle that every
_r99B5EXf0Y-00107-00026135-00026357 country has a right to freely determine
_r99B5EXf0Y-00108-00026358-00026651 its own Fate on the basis of the will of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00109-00026652-00027011 the people freely expressed democracies
_r99B5EXf0Y-00110-00027012-00027262 institutions and processes such as free
_r99B5EXf0Y-00111-00027263-00027485 and fair elections and Democratic
_r99B5EXf0Y-00112-00027486-00027749 referenda are the best means to protect
_r99B5EXf0Y-00113-00027750-00028079 that right they must not be manipulated
_r99B5EXf0Y-00114-00028080-00028349 for authoritarian purposes
_r99B5EXf0Y-00115-00028350-00028540 finally we would like to use this
_r99B5EXf0Y-00116-00028541-00028733 opportunity to celebrate the award of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00117-00028733-00029045 the Nobel Peace Prize 2022 to the
_r99B5EXf0Y-00118-00029045-00029212 Ukrainian human rights organization
_r99B5EXf0Y-00119-00029213-00029452 Center for civil liberties and to Human
_r99B5EXf0Y-00120-00029454-00029705 Rights Advocate Alice bialalotsky from
_r99B5EXf0Y-00121-00029706-00029945 Belarus and the Russian human rights
_r99B5EXf0Y-00122-00029945-00030208 organization Memorial this award
_r99B5EXf0Y-00123-00030210-00030418 acknowledges the importance of Civil
_r99B5EXf0Y-00124-00030419-00030670 Society in resisting the authoritarian
_r99B5EXf0Y-00125-00030672-00030779 assault
_r99B5EXf0Y-00126-00030780-00031096 it is also a way of stating that in this
_r99B5EXf0Y-00127-00031097-00031331 time and age the Quest for Global Peace
_r99B5EXf0Y-00128-00031332-00031589 which is at the heart of the mission of
_r99B5EXf0Y-00129-00031589-00031877 this body demands protecting democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00130-00031877-00032429 in Ukraine and elsewhere thank you
_r99B5EXf0Y-00131-00032430-00032657 I thank the distinguished representative
_r99B5EXf0Y-00132-00032658-00032896 of international institute for democracy
_r99B5EXf0Y-00133-00032897-00033218 and electoral assistance
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00000-00000014-00000409 the soceity Nationale des Schumer's de
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00001-00000411-00000833 ver du Congo SNCC National Railway
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00002-00000834-00001178 Company of the Congo is the national
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00003-00001179-00001445 railway company for the inland railways
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00004-00001446-00001726 of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00005-00001727-00002075 it was formerly known as the socio teen
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00006-00002076-00002350 Nationale des Schumer's de Versailles
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00007-00002351-00002780 wah SNC's ed National Railway Company of
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00008-00002781-00003184 zyre due to the civil war the railway
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00009-00003185-00003547 was not functioning from 1998 until June
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00010-00003548-00004145 29th 2004 during the war 500 kilometers
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00011-00004146-00004409 of railway in the provinces of man Yama
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00012-00004410-00004656 and katanga were destroyed a
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00013-00004657-00004949 million-dollar grant from the United
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00014-00004950-00005170 States Agency for International
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00015-00005171-00005384 development's Office of Foreign disaster
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00016-00005385-00005702 assistance is helping to pay for the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00017-00005703-00006088 sections repair charities often use the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00018-00006089-00006334 railway to distribute food and other
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00019-00006335-00006442 supplies
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00020-00006443-00006848 despite foreign support SNCC was again
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00021-00006848-00007139 on the brink of collapse in 2010 to
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00022-00007140-00007463 prevent this in June 2010 the World Bank
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00023-00007464-00007898 gave a 255 million u.s. dollar grant the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00024-00007898-00008207 Matadi Kinshasa railway is operated by
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00025-00008208-00009164 ona tra under an agreement with the cnc
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00026-00009165-00009899 topic network
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00027-00009900-00010410 3641 kilometres of which 858 kilometers
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00028-00010411-00010779 electrified in Katanga casa Occidental
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00029-00010780-00011208 Casa oriental and man Yama track gauge
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00030-00011209-00011502 one thousand and sixty seven millimeters
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00031-00011503-00011955 three feet six in Lubin Bashi to Aleppo
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00032-00011956-00012225 only remaining weekly through passenger
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00033-00012226-00012578 train is timetabled to take six days
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00034-00012579-00013002 agreement signed in September 2007 for
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00035-00013003-00013385 China to fund an extension to Kinshasa
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00036-00013386-00013878 kameena to clinda tenki a siding on the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00037-00013879-00014193 lubumbashi to Aleppo mainline to Dillo
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00038-00014194-00014469 low angola border at luau rail has
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00039-00014469-00014682 connection to the still not fully
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00040-00014683-00014952 operational Benguela railway ending at
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00041-00014953-00015462 libido on the atlantic ocean caballo -
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00042-00015463-00015744 kolima track gauge 1,000 millimetres
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00043-00015744-00016062 three feet three and 3/8 in metre gauge
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00044-00016063-00016958 a bundu - kissing Gani portage railway
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00045-00016959-00017533 topic see also
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00046-00017534-00018133 Benguela railway Congo ocean railway the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00047-00018134-00018586 tardy Kinshasa railway rail transport in
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00048-00018587-00018967 the Democratic Republic of Congo South
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00049-00018968-00019489 African class 32000 transport in the
_tsGuKoAAWQ-00050-00019490-00019868 Democratic Republic of the Congo
_tLaDbl7KSM-00000-00000083-00001487 [Music]
_tLaDbl7KSM-00001-00001488-00001742 [Music]
_tLaDbl7KSM-00002-00001743-00002089 about Martina will be very old we feed
_tLaDbl7KSM-00003-00002090-00002358 around since 1975 started as the multi
_tLaDbl7KSM-00004-00002359-00002671 know project the impetus for the project
_tLaDbl7KSM-00005-00002672-00002887 was to discover why black pupils were
_tLaDbl7KSM-00006-00002888-00003060 failing at English isn't that always the
_tLaDbl7KSM-00007-00003061-00003267 reason for the research and actually it
_tLaDbl7KSM-00008-00003268-00003393 was found because they were not
_tLaDbl7KSM-00009-00003394-00003586 competent in the mother tongue so there
_tLaDbl7KSM-00010-00003586-00003874 was a complete shift now and con today
_tLaDbl7KSM-00011-00003875-00004117 Martina continues to champion literacy
_tLaDbl7KSM-00012-00004118-00004243 in the mother tongue in African
_tLaDbl7KSM-00013-00004244-00004422 languages we draw through three main
_tLaDbl7KSM-00014-00004423-00004686 things research and content development
_tLaDbl7KSM-00015-00004687-00004875 professional development teacher
_tLaDbl7KSM-00016-00004876-00005154 training and coaching and sport of
_tLaDbl7KSM-00017-00005155-00005410 teachers on sat in the classroom and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00018-00005411-00005622 also very recently learning to support
_tLaDbl7KSM-00019-00005623-00005827 teachers virtually using new
_tLaDbl7KSM-00020-00005828-00006259 technologies what are the three cool
_tLaDbl7KSM-00021-00006260-00006495 things necessary for project success in
_tLaDbl7KSM-00022-00006497-00006709 our experience you need good resources
_tLaDbl7KSM-00023-00006709-00006913 obviously break through to the chassis
_tLaDbl7KSM-00024-00006914-00007131 with Martino's flagship program and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00025-00007132-00007402 sadly as Hillary pointed after kind of
_tLaDbl7KSM-00026-00007403-00007653 didn't match the curriculum more
_tLaDbl7KSM-00027-00007654-00007894 recently the vulnerable resources which
_tLaDbl7KSM-00028-00007895-00008137 I'm thrilled are now anthologies thanks
_tLaDbl7KSM-00029-00008138-00008491 to Fonda Wanda in the Eastern Cape also
_tLaDbl7KSM-00030-00008492-00008680 our teacher content knowledge and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00031-00008681-00008863 pedagogical skills have to be worked on
_tLaDbl7KSM-00032-00008864-00009081 they have to understand the program and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00033-00009082-00009237 understand how to use the resources
_tLaDbl7KSM-00034-00009238-00009474 properly and again professional coaching
_tLaDbl7KSM-00035-00009475-00009723 and teacher support is crucial to carry
_tLaDbl7KSM-00036-00009724-00010012 on the program to ensure success if you
_tLaDbl7KSM-00037-00010013-00010188 don't have these three factors then it
_tLaDbl7KSM-00038-00010189-00010487 is a recipe for failure
_tLaDbl7KSM-00039-00010488-00010755 okay lessons learnt ok these were three
_tLaDbl7KSM-00040-00010756-00010927 like problem areas that I think we
_tLaDbl7KSM-00041-00010928-00011235 always encounter the first thing is we
_tLaDbl7KSM-00042-00011236-00011496 talk about teacher knowledge we have to
_tLaDbl7KSM-00043-00011497-00011780 build it and in said training as
_tLaDbl7KSM-00044-00011781-00012027 mentioned exactly in Sarah's words is
_tLaDbl7KSM-00045-00012028-00012237 not a quick fix it's sustained it's
_tLaDbl7KSM-00046-00012238-00012438 going to be lengthy but funding in the
_tLaDbl7KSM-00047-00012439-00012663 NGO sector is always problematic and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00048-00012664-00012940 restrictive second of all our lot is in
_tLaDbl7KSM-00049-00012941-00013113 a bit of confusion as we know in our
_tLaDbl7KSM-00050-00013115-00013312 schools we have a language in education
_tLaDbl7KSM-00051-00013313-00013494 practice policy that says another time
_tLaDbl7KSM-00052-00013495-00013705 till the end of grade six our caps kind
_tLaDbl7KSM-00053-00013706-00013921 of advocates the end of grade three so
_tLaDbl7KSM-00054-00013922-00014083 there's no real term for sustainability
_tLaDbl7KSM-00055-00014084-00014230 and does anybody actually even know
_tLaDbl7KSM-00056-00014231-00014350 what's happening in the intermediate
_tLaDbl7KSM-00057-00014351-00014627 phase cuz I don't and I say
_tLaDbl7KSM-00058-00014628-00014813 our illustrious professors a deep
_tLaDbl7KSM-00059-00014813-00015002 knowledge of the l1 actually facilitates
_tLaDbl7KSM-00060-00015003-00015244 transition to the l2 so that's our focus
_tLaDbl7KSM-00061-00015246-00015662 finally mentioned also by the speaker
_tLaDbl7KSM-00062-00015663-00015881 performing from Sheinberg different
_tLaDbl7KSM-00063-00015882-00016066 interventions the disparate systems
_tLaDbl7KSM-00064-00016068-00016334 going on out there and everyone's
_tLaDbl7KSM-00065-00016335-00016612 working in silos and there is no
_tLaDbl7KSM-00066-00016613-00016853 concurrency right this is a bit of a
_tLaDbl7KSM-00067-00016854-00017006 weird slide because I didn't understand
_tLaDbl7KSM-00068-00017007-00017156 half the questions thanks Nick
_tLaDbl7KSM-00069-00017157-00017384 gaps in the NGO sector around reading I
_tLaDbl7KSM-00070-00017385-00017567 kind of looked at gaps that I found in
_tLaDbl7KSM-00071-00017568-00017759 my professional work the first one is of
_tLaDbl7KSM-00072-00017760-00018026 government we were NGOs but it doesn't
_tLaDbl7KSM-00073-00018027-00018221 mean that we can't we're not experts and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00074-00018222-00018380 we should be paid as professional
_tLaDbl7KSM-00075-00018381-00018560 consultants and not always have together
_tLaDbl7KSM-00076-00018561-00018899 of our expertise pro bono second of all
_tLaDbl7KSM-00077-00018900-00019043 then I think there needs to be more
_tLaDbl7KSM-00078-00019044-00019217 synergy with universities and NGOs
_tLaDbl7KSM-00079-00019218-00019379 because we have got a lot of good in the
_tLaDbl7KSM-00080-00019380-00019619 field Institute research and often
_tLaDbl7KSM-00081-00019620-00019799 academic research is there and will be
_tLaDbl7KSM-00082-00019800-00020003 really useful and practical to combine
_tLaDbl7KSM-00083-00020004-00020216 the two well pants are a bit of an issue
_tLaDbl7KSM-00084-00020217-00020324 because we work with written language
_tLaDbl7KSM-00085-00020325-00020738 and I'm all happy to say varieties and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00086-00020739-00020969 dialects all have valid validity when
_tLaDbl7KSM-00087-00020970-00021146 you move to the written language hugely
_tLaDbl7KSM-00088-00021147-00021328 problematic in the publishing area and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00089-00021329-00021485 then as far as engineers are concerned
_tLaDbl7KSM-00090-00021486-00021692 again it's money we have a shrinking
_tLaDbl7KSM-00091-00021693-00022010 economy moved to oer how do you sustain
_tLaDbl7KSM-00092-00022011-00022244 yourself as a business how do you
_tLaDbl7KSM-00093-00022245-00022444 attract talent in an uncertain economic
_tLaDbl7KSM-00094-00022445-00022685 environment in dangerous family my
_tLaDbl7KSM-00095-00022686-00022877 message which I'm gonna read because it
_tLaDbl7KSM-00096-00022878-00023132 took 55 seconds dear mr. president we
_tLaDbl7KSM-00097-00023133-00023350 cannot impose reading in the home we
_tLaDbl7KSM-00098-00023351-00023561 cannot impose reading for pleasure but
_tLaDbl7KSM-00099-00023562-00023762 our schools and teachers can meet this
_tLaDbl7KSM-00100-00023763-00024019 campaign schools must of labrys children
_tLaDbl7KSM-00101-00024020-00024134 must be given time to visit these
_tLaDbl7KSM-00102-00024135-00024308 libraries and children must be given
_tLaDbl7KSM-00103-00024309-00024437 time to drop everything and read
_tLaDbl7KSM-00104-00024438-00024653 whatever happened to that foundation
_tLaDbl7KSM-00105-00024654-00024875 face teachers need more in said training
_tLaDbl7KSM-00106-00024876-00025019 resources and support to become
_tLaDbl7KSM-00107-00025020-00025156 confident and knowledgeable reading
_tLaDbl7KSM-00108-00025157-00025372 experts the development of quality
_tLaDbl7KSM-00109-00025373-00025565 resources the teaching of reading in the
_tLaDbl7KSM-00110-00025566-00025763 mother tongue must be prioritized and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00111-00025764-00025937 universities or preferably
_tLaDbl7KSM-00112-00025938-00026087 can we have new teacher training
_tLaDbl7KSM-00113-00026088-00026251 colleges must offer dedicated
_tLaDbl7KSM-00114-00026252-00026495 specialized foundation first courses in
_tLaDbl7KSM-00115-00026495-00026654 how to teach reading and writing in the
_tLaDbl7KSM-00116-00026655-00026821 mother time and then use bilingualism
_tLaDbl7KSM-00117-00026822-00027110 use your knowledge of your l1 to
_tLaDbl7KSM-00118-00027111-00027398 transition to your l2 with hope and
_tLaDbl7KSM-00119-00027399-00027941 thank
_tLaDbl7KSM-00120-00027942-00028112 [Applause]
_tLaDbl7KSM-00121-00028113-00028371 [Music]
_tLaDbl7KSM-00122-00028372-00028578 you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00000-00000009-00001031 [Music]
_tUSmWdbzhu-00001-00001032-00001199 okay so today i'm going to do a smoked
_tUSmWdbzhu-00002-00001200-00001439 duck and summer vegetable casserole
_tUSmWdbzhu-00003-00001440-00001671 we've been using the pro 22 again nice
_tUSmWdbzhu-00004-00001672-00001814 and simple recipe here but you're gonna
_tUSmWdbzhu-00005-00001816-00001998 need two different cooking styles
_tUSmWdbzhu-00006-00002000-00002151 so first of all you want to smoke the
_tUSmWdbzhu-00007-00002152-00002279 duck because you're gonna need it nice
_tUSmWdbzhu-00008-00002280-00002342 and low
_tUSmWdbzhu-00009-00002343-00002591 for this you've got this little hinge
_tUSmWdbzhu-00010-00002592-00002718 here which is really good
_tUSmWdbzhu-00011-00002719-00002950 so you can add in your wood any dry wood
_tUSmWdbzhu-00012-00002951-00003055 nice chunks
_tUSmWdbzhu-00013-00003056-00003183 this is probably the biggest you're
_tUSmWdbzhu-00014-00003184-00003367 going to want and you want to get it to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00015-00003368-00003590 120 degrees with a nice smoke going
_tUSmWdbzhu-00016-00003592-00003743 before you put anything in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00017-00003744-00003886 we've got here gresham duck it's a
_tUSmWdbzhu-00018-00003887-00004079 little bit fatty um
_tUSmWdbzhu-00019-00004079-00004222 you're going to get a lot of fire coming
_tUSmWdbzhu-00020-00004223-00004391 off of it so i would just think just
_tUSmWdbzhu-00021-00004392-00004519 trim the ends of it
_tUSmWdbzhu-00022-00004520-00004735 and maybe give it a little bit of a
_tUSmWdbzhu-00023-00004736-00004935 score but nothing too drastic
_tUSmWdbzhu-00024-00004936-00005102 there's a lot of fattiness in between
_tUSmWdbzhu-00025-00005103-00005375 the the leg joint here
_tUSmWdbzhu-00026-00005376-00005599 okay to spice it i mean any spice will
_tUSmWdbzhu-00027-00005600-00005727 do you can use
_tUSmWdbzhu-00028-00005728-00005902 a nice curry powder you like you could
_tUSmWdbzhu-00029-00005903-00006086 use any mixed spice you could just use
_tUSmWdbzhu-00030-00006087-00006222 cumin which is really good
_tUSmWdbzhu-00031-00006223-00006446 i'm using brazil honey and it's just got
_tUSmWdbzhu-00032-00006447-00006575 really nice flavor i think goes really
_tUSmWdbzhu-00033-00006576-00006678 well with the duck
_tUSmWdbzhu-00034-00006679-00006839 and again just be really random with
_tUSmWdbzhu-00035-00006840-00006975 this just get it in there and then we're
_tUSmWdbzhu-00036-00006976-00007095 gonna rub it in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00037-00007095-00007414 so don't go for super fancy sea salt
_tUSmWdbzhu-00038-00007415-00007591 nice fine salt it's going to get in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00039-00007592-00007798 everywhere the sea salt is just going to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00040-00007800-00007910 fall off everything
_tUSmWdbzhu-00041-00007911-00008183 and then just give it a nice little rub
_tUSmWdbzhu-00042-00008184-00008487 get a bit inside the cavity as well
_tUSmWdbzhu-00043-00008488-00008742 and then simply into the barbecue so you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00044-00008743-00008871 should have
_tUSmWdbzhu-00045-00008872-00009063 all your coals on one side and you're
_tUSmWdbzhu-00046-00009064-00009271 going to put the duck on the other side
_tUSmWdbzhu-00047-00009272-00010142 so on the cold side
_tUSmWdbzhu-00048-00010143-00010310 now i'd recommend because we're going to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00049-00010311-00010519 make something in about an hour's time
_tUSmWdbzhu-00050-00010520-00010759 that you do this for half an hour get it
_tUSmWdbzhu-00051-00010760-00010863 nicely smoked
_tUSmWdbzhu-00052-00010864-00011183 and then put it in an oven at 120 to 150
_tUSmWdbzhu-00053-00011184-00011327 degrees and cook the rest the time in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00054-00011328-00011559 there at that time you can then get more
_tUSmWdbzhu-00055-00011560-00011678 charcoal into this
_tUSmWdbzhu-00056-00011679-00011831 and then build it back up and then you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00057-00011832-00012815 can make the rest of the dish then so
_tUSmWdbzhu-00058-00012816-00012943 now we're at stage two of the rest
_tUSmWdbzhu-00059-00012944-00013135 basically the duck's been in here
_tUSmWdbzhu-00060-00013136-00013383 smoking 120 degrees for about half an
_tUSmWdbzhu-00061-00013384-00013519 hour to 45 minutes
_tUSmWdbzhu-00062-00013519-00013703 it's then been in the oven and while
_tUSmWdbzhu-00063-00013704-00013919 it's in the oven we've boosted this up
_tUSmWdbzhu-00064-00013919-00013999 to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00065-00014000-00014199 good top temperature and right now it's
_tUSmWdbzhu-00066-00014200-00014383 like 370 degrees
_tUSmWdbzhu-00067-00014384-00014511 so we're going to move our duct to the
_tUSmWdbzhu-00068-00014512-00014758 side here and we're going to build our
_tUSmWdbzhu-00069-00014759-00015071 castle so here we've got a little pot
_tUSmWdbzhu-00070-00015072-00015327 a cast iron pot can be any cast iron pot
_tUSmWdbzhu-00071-00015328-00015535 doesn't need to be a fancy one like this
_tUSmWdbzhu-00072-00015536-00015671 i'm gonna get this on the heat for a
_tUSmWdbzhu-00073-00015672-00015871 little bit and while we're gonna do that
_tUSmWdbzhu-00074-00015872-00016094 we're gonna prepare our vegetables we've
_tUSmWdbzhu-00075-00016095-00016230 got a courgette
_tUSmWdbzhu-00076-00016231-00016622 just slice in half on the grill
_tUSmWdbzhu-00077-00016623-00016935 um here's some asparagus now this is
_tUSmWdbzhu-00078-00016936-00017063 summer vegetable
_tUSmWdbzhu-00079-00017064-00017239 um casserole but you can use anything
_tUSmWdbzhu-00080-00017240-00017383 anything green and nice or anything you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00081-00017384-00017494 want to go in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00082-00017495-00017679 it's fine i'm just going to give them a
_tUSmWdbzhu-00083-00017680-00017839 quick slice in half
_tUSmWdbzhu-00084-00017840-00018007 and then again just stick them on the
_tUSmWdbzhu-00085-00018008-00018283 grill
_tUSmWdbzhu-00086-00018284-00018711 onion on the grill flat side down
_tUSmWdbzhu-00087-00018712-00018903 we're gonna get a nice char in it just
_tUSmWdbzhu-00088-00018904-00019030 trying to get a bit more flavor
_tUSmWdbzhu-00089-00019031-00019214 into this casserole with with some
_tUSmWdbzhu-00090-00019215-00019335 barbecue flavors
_tUSmWdbzhu-00091-00019336-00019463 it's gonna be nice cooking in there
_tUSmWdbzhu-00092-00019464-00019599 because you've got the leftover wood
_tUSmWdbzhu-00093-00019600-00019694 from the smoke
_tUSmWdbzhu-00094-00019695-00019830 so it's going to give it a nice smoky
_tUSmWdbzhu-00095-00019831-00020094 texture but this will just amplify it
_tUSmWdbzhu-00096-00020095-00020503 um and then we've got some broccoli
_tUSmWdbzhu-00097-00020504-00020791 again just going in anywhere don't worry
_tUSmWdbzhu-00098-00020792-00021039 about it
_tUSmWdbzhu-00099-00021040-00021286 got some white wine here and nice dry
_tUSmWdbzhu-00100-00021287-00021350 white wine
_tUSmWdbzhu-00101-00021351-00021543 going to add this to the casserole
_tUSmWdbzhu-00102-00021544-00021855 reduce it down a little bit
_tUSmWdbzhu-00103-00021856-00022094 got some really nice butter beans here
_tUSmWdbzhu-00104-00022095-00022183 now
_tUSmWdbzhu-00105-00022184-00022343 quality of everything else in this you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00106-00022344-00022535 know the duck and the beans are the most
_tUSmWdbzhu-00107-00022536-00022639 important to me
_tUSmWdbzhu-00108-00022640-00022847 if i buy this really nice ones you can
_tUSmWdbzhu-00109-00022848-00023039 see them they're nice and thick
_tUSmWdbzhu-00110-00023040-00023158 it's going to make a big difference to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00111-00023159-00023671 how this tastes
_tUSmWdbzhu-00112-00023672-00023807 with this bed you're not looking to cook
_tUSmWdbzhu-00113-00023808-00023927 it out properly you're just looking to
_tUSmWdbzhu-00114-00023928-00024063 give it a nice char
_tUSmWdbzhu-00115-00024064-00024447 nice broccoli we've got the courgette
_tUSmWdbzhu-00116-00024448-00025135 nice and chunky
_tUSmWdbzhu-00117-00025136-00025278 into that i'm just gonna add some fresh
_tUSmWdbzhu-00118-00025279-00025471 thyme some rosemary
_tUSmWdbzhu-00119-00025472-00025670 okay we're bringing our duck in we're
_tUSmWdbzhu-00120-00025672-00026039 gonna add some of our juices
_tUSmWdbzhu-00121-00026039-00026367 and then with the duck as much as you
_tUSmWdbzhu-00122-00026368-00026407 like
_tUSmWdbzhu-00123-00026408-00026758 i'm just gonna take a breast off
_tUSmWdbzhu-00124-00026760-00027479 nice and chunky
_tUSmWdbzhu-00125-00027480-00027790 and the leg
_tUSmWdbzhu-00126-00027791-00028127 it goes in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00127-00028127-00028431 and after that's cooked out we're pretty
_tUSmWdbzhu-00128-00028432-00028823 much done here
_tUSmWdbzhu-00129-00028824-00029127 just recommend serving it with a little
_tUSmWdbzhu-00130-00029127-00029246 bit of baguette
_tUSmWdbzhu-00131-00029247-00029527 or any sort of bread you can grill it up
_tUSmWdbzhu-00132-00029527-00029807 if you like
_tUSmWdbzhu-00133-00029808-00030239 or just throw it in
_tUSmWdbzhu-00134-00030239-00030439 there you have a smoked duck and summer
_tUSmWdbzhu-00135-00030439-00031052 vegetable casserole
_tUSmWdbzhu-00136-00031052-00031558 [Music]
_tUSmWdbzhu-00137-00031560-00031768 you
_wLVRqhJxrI-00000-00000028-00001062 [Laughter]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00001-00001063-00002191 do
_wLVRqhJxrI-00002-00002192-00003895 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00003-00003896-00004476 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00005-00010560-00010674 do
_wLVRqhJxrI-00006-00010675-00011823 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00007-00011824-00011971 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00008-00011972-00012304 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00009-00012305-00012366 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00010-00012367-00013247 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00011-00013247-00013479 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00012-00013480-00014656 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00014-00020513-00021630 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00015-00021631-00023191 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00016-00023192-00023526 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00017-00023527-00024503 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00018-00024504-00024752 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00019-00024753-00026767 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00020-00026768-00026789 foreign
_wLVRqhJxrI-00021-00026789-00027611 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00022-00027612-00027657 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00023-00027658-00029111 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00024-00029112-00029157 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00026-00033612-00033657 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00027-00033658-00035599 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00028-00035600-00035781 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00029-00035782-00037102 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00030-00037103-00038037 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00031-00038038-00038639 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00032-00038640-00040127 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00034-00044517-00045518 [Applause]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00035-00045519-00045681 so
_wLVRqhJxrI-00036-00045682-00046908 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00037-00046909-00048527 [Music]
_wLVRqhJxrI-00038-00048528-00048736 you
_xr-8ljgyp8-00000-00000000-00000151 gary aaron mentioned that he felt like
_xr-8ljgyp8-00001-00000152-00000351 it was really a grind for montgomery
_xr-8ljgyp8-00002-00000352-00000559 tonight how are you able to help
_xr-8ljgyp8-00003-00000560-00000807 successfully uh get him through five
_xr-8ljgyp8-00004-00000808-00000950 innings against a good offense on the
_xr-8ljgyp8-00006-00004584-00004775 yeah it was definitely a battle you know
_xr-8ljgyp8-00007-00004776-00004911 and uh
_xr-8ljgyp8-00008-00004912-00005118 you know what what we need to understand
_xr-8ljgyp8-00009-00005119-00005215 is that
_xr-8ljgyp8-00010-00005216-00005327 that's part of the game you know
_xr-8ljgyp8-00011-00005328-00005559 sometimes you uh you sit down and you
_xr-8ljgyp8-00012-00005560-00005879 work a plan and and you have a the right
_xr-8ljgyp8-00013-00005880-00006063 strategy and the way you're planning on
_xr-8ljgyp8-00014-00006064-00006270 attacking hitters and sometimes you
_xr-8ljgyp8-00015-00006271-00006503 gotta make an adjustment you know and
_xr-8ljgyp8-00016-00006504-00006734 and i thought he was great uh making the
_xr-8ljgyp8-00017-00006736-00006910 adjustment attacking the hitters with
_xr-8ljgyp8-00018-00006911-00007127 what we had tonight and he did an
_xr-8ljgyp8-00019-00007128-00007319 excellent job doing that
_xr-8ljgyp8-00020-00007320-00007551 how is chapman's stuff look to you
_xr-8ljgyp8-00021-00007552-00007914 hey come on
_xr-8ljgyp8-00022-00007915-00008399 [Music]
_xr-8ljgyp8-00023-00008400-00009055 man
_xr-8ljgyp8-00024-00009056-00009239 you know
_xr-8ljgyp8-00025-00009240-00009471 i don't see anything different you know
_xr-8ljgyp8-00026-00009472-00009719 but you know best closer up the league
_xr-8ljgyp8-00027-00009720-00009903 that kind of stuff
_xr-8ljgyp8-00028-00009904-00010142 now 10 in a row for for this team aaron
_xr-8ljgyp8-00029-00010143-00010438 boone made the mention that it it seems
_xr-8ljgyp8-00030-00010439-00010614 like there are
_xr-8ljgyp8-00031-00010615-00010855 multiple contributors uh different
_xr-8ljgyp8-00032-00010856-00011006 contributors just what's the feeling
_xr-8ljgyp8-00033-00011007-00011199 like in the clubhouse with this run that
_xr-8ljgyp8-00035-00014936-00015063 how does it feel
_xr-8ljgyp8-00036-00015063-00015271 feels great you know that's what i like
_xr-8ljgyp8-00037-00015272-00015430 that's what i like i like winning we
_xr-8ljgyp8-00038-00015431-00015750 like winning winning is fun um
_xr-8ljgyp8-00039-00015751-00015966 and uh the guys when the guys are uh
_xr-8ljgyp8-00040-00015968-00016175 have a job an opportunity to be in the
_xr-8ljgyp8-00041-00016176-00016366 lineup and they're contributing you know
_xr-8ljgyp8-00042-00016368-00016511 it's great you know and that's what we
_xr-8ljgyp8-00043-00016512-00016727 like to do we like to uh contribute
_xr-8ljgyp8-00044-00016728-00016879 whenever we have a chance whenever we're
_xr-8ljgyp8-00045-00016880-00017184 in the lineup
_ycDbblwtB0-00000-00000244-00001491 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00001-00001492-00001770 sir
_ycDbblwtB0-00002-00001771-00004283 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00003-00004284-00004465 so
_ycDbblwtB0-00004-00004466-00005471 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00005-00005472-00005683 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00006-00005684-00005999 no
_ycDbblwtB0-00007-00006000-00007242 it's a previous job
_ycDbblwtB0-00008-00007243-00008583 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00009-00008584-00008981 you
_ycDbblwtB0-00010-00008982-00011283 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00011-00011284-00012390 so
_ycDbblwtB0-00012-00012391-00012661 [Applause]
_ycDbblwtB0-00013-00012662-00015483 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00014-00015484-00016008 hey
_ycDbblwtB0-00015-00016009-00016844 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00016-00016845-00018283 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00017-00018284-00019683 hey
_ycDbblwtB0-00018-00019684-00021150 oh
_ycDbblwtB0-00019-00021151-00021266 you
_ycDbblwtB0-00020-00021267-00022997 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00021-00022998-00024378 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00022-00024379-00025058 [Laughter]
_ycDbblwtB0-00023-00025059-00025283 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00024-00025284-00025449 oh
_ycDbblwtB0-00025-00025450-00028206 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00026-00028207-00029483 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00027-00029483-00030298 on
_ycDbblwtB0-00028-00030299-00031186 [Laughter]
_ycDbblwtB0-00029-00031187-00032870 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00030-00032871-00033452 [Laughter]
_ycDbblwtB0-00031-00033453-00033683 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00032-00033684-00035118 here
_ycDbblwtB0-00033-00035119-00035546 you
_ycDbblwtB0-00034-00035547-00037883 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00035-00037884-00038109 hmm
_ycDbblwtB0-00036-00038110-00039283 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00037-00039284-00041001 hmm
_ycDbblwtB0-00038-00041002-00043391 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00039-00043392-00043790 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00040-00043791-00046362 it's a previous shot
_ycDbblwtB0-00041-00046363-00047686 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00042-00047687-00049467 me me
_ycDbblwtB0-00043-00049468-00050260 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00044-00050261-00050483 [Music]
_ycDbblwtB0-00045-00050484-00050876 laughs
_ycDbblwtB0-00047-00057483-00058535 yes
_ycDbblwtB0-00048-00058536-00058744 you
_-FVaYcoMrk-00000-00000055-00000426 Vilnius University Lithuanian Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00001-00000428-00000733 University days former names exist is
_-FVaYcoMrk-00002-00000734-00000990 the oldest university in the Baltic
_-FVaYcoMrk-00003-00000991-00001227 States and one of the oldest in northern
_-FVaYcoMrk-00004-00001228-00001573 Europe it is the largest university in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00005-00001574-00002037 Lithuania the university was founded in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00006-00002038-00002428 1579 as the Jesuit Academy College of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00007-00002429-00002728 Vilnius by Grand Duke of Lithuania and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00008-00002729-00002977 king of Poland Stephen Bathory
_-FVaYcoMrk-00009-00002978-00003336 it was the third oldest university after
_-FVaYcoMrk-00010-00003338-00003654 the Krakow Academy and the Albertina in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00011-00003656-00003927 the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00012-00003928-00004261 the aftermath of the third partition of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00013-00004262-00004668 Poland 1795 and the November uprising
_-FVaYcoMrk-00014-00004669-00005131 1830 to 1831 the university was closed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00015-00005132-00005438 down and suspended its operation until
_-FVaYcoMrk-00016-00005439-00005881 1919 in the aftermath of World War one
_-FVaYcoMrk-00017-00005882-00006160 the university saw failed attempts to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00018-00006161-00006568 restart it by Lithuania December 1918 an
_-FVaYcoMrk-00019-00006569-00007059 invading Soviet forces March 1919 it
_-FVaYcoMrk-00020-00007061-00007363 finally resumed operations as Stefan
_-FVaYcoMrk-00021-00007364-00007768 Batory University in Poland August 1919
_-FVaYcoMrk-00022-00007769-00008046 a period followed by another Soviet
_-FVaYcoMrk-00023-00008047-00008389 occupation in 1920 and the less than two
_-FVaYcoMrk-00024-00008390-00008596 years of the Republic of central
_-FVaYcoMrk-00025-00008597-00008925 Lithuania incorporated into Poland in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00026-00008926-00009433 1922 following Soviet invasion of Poland
_-FVaYcoMrk-00027-00009434-00009817 in September 1939 the university was
_-FVaYcoMrk-00028-00009818-00010075 briefly administered by the Lithuanian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00029-00010076-00010449 authorities from October 1939 and then
_-FVaYcoMrk-00030-00010450-00010738 after Soviet annexation of Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00031-00010739-00011107 June 1940 punctuated by a period of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00032-00011108-00011385 German occupation after German invasion
_-FVaYcoMrk-00033-00011386-00011883 of the Soviet Union 1941 to 1944
_-FVaYcoMrk-00034-00011884-00012094 administrated as Vilnius State
_-FVaYcoMrk-00035-00012095-00012378 University by the Lithuanian Soviet
_-FVaYcoMrk-00036-00012379-00012846 Socialist Republic in 1945 the Polish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00037-00012847-00013099 community of students and scholars of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00038-00013100-00013408 Stefan Batory University was trans
_-FVaYcoMrk-00039-00013409-00013684 to nikolaos Copernicus University in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00040-00013685-00014041 Turin after Lithuania regained its
_-FVaYcoMrk-00041-00014041-00014347 independence in 1990 following the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00042-00014347-00014587 dissolution of the Soviet Union it
_-FVaYcoMrk-00043-00014588-00014803 resumed its status as one of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00044-00014804-00015208 prominent universities in Lithuania the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00045-00015209-00015532 wide-ranging Vilnius University ensemble
_-FVaYcoMrk-00046-00015533-00015766 represents all major architectural
_-FVaYcoMrk-00047-00015766-00016066 styles that predominated in Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00048-00016066-00016390 gothic Renaissance Baroque and classist
_-FVaYcoMrk-00049-00016391-00016963 ISM
_-FVaYcoMrk-00050-00016964-00017858 topic history
_-FVaYcoMrk-00051-00017859-00018455 topic changes of the name
_-FVaYcoMrk-00052-00018456-00018714 the university has been known by many
_-FVaYcoMrk-00053-00018715-00019077 names during its history due to its long
_-FVaYcoMrk-00054-00019078-00019350 history of Jewish polish and Russian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00055-00019351-00019628 influence or rule the city portion of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00056-00019629-00019931 its name as rendered as Vilna Latin will
_-FVaYcoMrk-00057-00019932-00020267 'no german or will no polish in addition
_-FVaYcoMrk-00058-00020268-00020555 to Lithuanian Vilnius see history of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00059-00020556-00021275 Vilnius 1579 to 1782 alma academia at
_-FVaYcoMrk-00060-00021276-00021697 universitas vilnius société des IES you
_-FVaYcoMrk-00061-00021698-00021983 the latin name is rendered into English
_-FVaYcoMrk-00062-00021984-00022358 as Jesuit Academy Jesuit college or
_-FVaYcoMrk-00063-00022359-00022655 Academy of Vilnius Vilna will 'no will
_-FVaYcoMrk-00064-00022656-00023133 know 1782 to 1803
_-FVaYcoMrk-00065-00023134-00023505 Shola princeps Magni Ducatis Lithuania a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00066-00023506-00023772 principal school of the Grand Duchy of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00067-00023773-00024400 Lithuania 1803 to 1832 impera Toria
_-FVaYcoMrk-00068-00024401-00024767 Universitas ville menses rendered into
_-FVaYcoMrk-00069-00024768-00025040 English as Imperial University of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00070-00025041-00025416 Vilnius Vilna will 'no will know
_-FVaYcoMrk-00071-00025417-00025912 18:32 to 1919 closed originally by order
_-FVaYcoMrk-00072-00025913-00026489 of Tsar Nicholas the first 1919 to 1939
_-FVaYcoMrk-00073-00026491-00026848 Stefan Batory University Universidad
_-FVaYcoMrk-00074-00026849-00027474 stefana Bathory go in Poland 1942 1943
_-FVaYcoMrk-00075-00027475-00027765 Vilnius University this period
_-FVaYcoMrk-00076-00027766-00028020 encompassed the first Soviet occupation
_-FVaYcoMrk-00077-00028022-00028636 and German occupation 1944 to 1955
_-FVaYcoMrk-00078-00028637-00029293 Vilnius State University 1955 to 1990
_-FVaYcoMrk-00079-00029294-00029605 Vilnius State University of vincas cap
_-FVaYcoMrk-00080-00029606-00030148 zookas 1971 to 1979 Vilnius order of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00081-00030149-00030436 red banner of Labor State University of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00082-00030437-00030714 vincas cap zookas Vilnius Darbo Rada
_-FVaYcoMrk-00083-00030716-00030958 nauseas Valley avos or dino val
_-FVaYcoMrk-00084-00030958-00031455 stephenie's Vinko cap suco universitatis
_-FVaYcoMrk-00085-00031456-00031885 1979 to 1990 Vilnius orders of the red
_-FVaYcoMrk-00086-00031886-00032101 banner of labour and friendship of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00087-00032102-00032377 people's State University of vincas cap
_-FVaYcoMrk-00088-00032377-00032698 zookas Vilnius Darbo Rada nauseas Valley
_-FVaYcoMrk-00089-00032699-00033004 avos IR tattoo draaga stays or Deneuve
_-FVaYcoMrk-00090-00033005-00033400 al stephenie's V cap Sukho University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00091-00033401-00033558 des
_-FVaYcoMrk-00092-00033559-00034313 1990 present Vilnius University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00093-00034314-00035240 topic history by period
_-FVaYcoMrk-00094-00035241-00035902 topic polish-lithuanian Commonwealth
_-FVaYcoMrk-00095-00035903-00036346 in 1568 the Lithuanian nobility asked
_-FVaYcoMrk-00096-00036347-00036613 the Jesuits to create an institution of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00097-00036614-00036844 higher learning either in Vilnius or
_-FVaYcoMrk-00098-00036845-00037180 Kaunas the following year will Arian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00099-00037181-00037435 Protoss awaits the Bishop of Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00100-00037436-00037690 purchased several buildings in the city
_-FVaYcoMrk-00101-00037691-00037933 center and established the Vilna n'e
_-FVaYcoMrk-00102-00037934-00038272 Khadem II Almay academia at Universitas
_-FVaYcoMrk-00103-00038273-00038722 Vilnius societies jesu initially the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00104-00038723-00039031 Academy had three divisions humanities
_-FVaYcoMrk-00105-00039032-00039454 philosophy and theology the curriculum
_-FVaYcoMrk-00106-00039455-00039700 at the college and later at the academy
_-FVaYcoMrk-00107-00039701-00040036 was taught in Latin at the beginning of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00108-00040037-00040327 the 17th century there are records about
_-FVaYcoMrk-00109-00040328-00040588 special groups that taught Lithuanian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00110-00040589-00040864 speaking students Latin most probably
_-FVaYcoMrk-00111-00040865-00041146 using Constantine as service compiled
_-FVaYcoMrk-00112-00041147-00041476 dictionary the first students were
_-FVaYcoMrk-00113-00041477-00041832 enrolled into the academy in 1570 a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00114-00041833-00042055 library at the college was established
_-FVaYcoMrk-00115-00042056-00042364 in the same year and Sigismund the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00116-00042365-00042763 second augustus donated 2,500 books to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00117-00042764-00043081 the new college in its first year of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00118-00043082-00043417 existence the college enrolled 160
_-FVaYcoMrk-00119-00043418-00043852 students on April 1st 1579 Stefan Batory
_-FVaYcoMrk-00120-00043853-00044110 king of Poland and Grand Duke of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00121-00044111-00044377 Lithuania upgraded the Academy and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00122-00044378-00044635 granted it equal status with the Cracow
_-FVaYcoMrk-00123-00044636-00044958 Academy creating the Alma academia at
_-FVaYcoMrk-00124-00044959-00045381 universitas Vilnius société des IES you
_-FVaYcoMrk-00125-00045382-00045696 his edict was approved by Pope Gregory
_-FVaYcoMrk-00126-00045697-00046209 the 13th is a bull of October 30th 1579
_-FVaYcoMrk-00127-00046210-00046528 the first rector of the Academy was
_-FVaYcoMrk-00128-00046529-00046894 piotr skarga he invited many scientists
_-FVaYcoMrk-00129-00046895-00047098 from various parts of Europe and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00130-00047099-00047295 expanded the library with the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00131-00047296-00047568 sponsorship of many notable persons
_-FVaYcoMrk-00132-00047569-00047929 Sigismund ii augustus bishop will aryan
_-FVaYcoMrk-00133-00047930-00048333 Protoss awaits and kazimierz lucia PA ha
_-FVaYcoMrk-00134-00048334-00048583 lithuanian z' at the time comprised
_-FVaYcoMrk-00135-00048584-00048943 about one-third of the students in 1568
_-FVaYcoMrk-00136-00048944-00049259 there were circus 700 students
_-FVaYcoMrk-00137-00049260-00049571 were Germans poles Swedes and even
_-FVaYcoMrk-00138-00049572-00049681 Hungarians
_-FVaYcoMrk-00139-00049682-00050222 in 1575 Duke mikolaj Christophe rads
_-FVaYcoMrk-00140-00050223-00050438 áwill and Elzbieta against
_-FVaYcoMrk-00141-00050439-00050651 sponsored a printing house for the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00142-00050652-00050920 Academy one of the first in the region
_-FVaYcoMrk-00143-00050921-00051283 the printing house issued books in Latin
_-FVaYcoMrk-00144-00051284-00051541 and polish and the first surviving book
_-FVaYcoMrk-00145-00051542-00051805 in Lithuanian printed in the Grand Duchy
_-FVaYcoMrk-00146-00051807-00052313 of Lithuania was in 1595 it was Cathy ch
_-FVaYcoMrk-00147-00052314-00052591 isthmus Arbor Mokes TLAs keek vnm creek
_-FVaYcoMrk-00148-00052592-00052829 show new EEP rival is authored by me
_-FVaYcoMrk-00149-00052829-00053216 collages doxa the Academy's growth
_-FVaYcoMrk-00150-00053216-00053579 continued until the 17th century the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00151-00053579-00053885 following era known as the deluge led to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00152-00053886-00054074 a dramatic drop in the number of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00153-00054075-00054314 students who matriculated and in the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00154-00054315-00054674 quality of its programs in the middle of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00155-00054675-00054986 the 18th century education authorities
_-FVaYcoMrk-00156-00054987-00055370 tried to restore the academy this led to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00157-00055371-00055583 the foundation of the first Observatory
_-FVaYcoMrk-00158-00055584-00055879 in the polish-lithuanian Commonwealth
_-FVaYcoMrk-00159-00055880-00056165 the fourth such professional facility in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00160-00056166-00056708 Europe in 1753 by Tomas Zabransky the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00161-00056709-00057002 Commission of national education polish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00162-00057003-00057341 Kamisha education or adavi the world's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00163-00057341-00057629 first Ministry of Education took control
_-FVaYcoMrk-00164-00057629-00058066 of the Academy in 1773 and transformed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00165-00058067-00058429 it into a modern University the language
_-FVaYcoMrk-00166-00058430-00058658 of instruction as everywhere in the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00167-00058659-00058874 Commonwealth's higher education
_-FVaYcoMrk-00168-00058875-00059138 institutions changed from Latin to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00169-00059139-00059432 polish thanks to the rector of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00170-00059433-00059735 Academy marching pocha batad linetsky
_-FVaYcoMrk-00171-00059736-00060030 the academy was granted the status of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00172-00060032-00060419 principal school polish Scola glow nough
_-FVaYcoMrk-00173-00060420-00060839 in 1783 the Commission the secular
_-FVaYcoMrk-00174-00060840-00061097 Authority governing the academy after
_-FVaYcoMrk-00175-00061098-00061364 the dissolution of the Jesuit Order drew
_-FVaYcoMrk-00176-00061365-00061712 up a new statute the school was named
_-FVaYcoMrk-00177-00061713-00062484 academia at universitas Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00178-00062485-00063004 topic partitions
_-FVaYcoMrk-00179-00063005-00063254 after the partitions of Polish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00180-00063254-00063527 Lithuanian Commonwealth Vilnius was
_-FVaYcoMrk-00181-00063528-00063848 annexed by the Russian Empire however
_-FVaYcoMrk-00182-00063849-00064104 the commission of national education
_-FVaYcoMrk-00183-00064105-00064450 retained control over the Academy until
_-FVaYcoMrk-00184-00064451-00064814 1803 when Tsar Alexander the first of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00185-00064815-00065057 Russia accepted the new statute and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00186-00065058-00065317 renamed it the Imperial University of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00187-00065319-00065606 Vilna Imperator sky javelin sky J
_-FVaYcoMrk-00188-00065607-00065981 Universitat the institution was granted
_-FVaYcoMrk-00189-00065982-00066212 the rights to the administration of all
_-FVaYcoMrk-00190-00066213-00066509 education facilities in the former Grand
_-FVaYcoMrk-00191-00066510-00066697 Duchy of Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00192-00066698-00066995 among the notable persone I were the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00193-00066996-00067316 curator governor Adam Jersey's our torus
_-FVaYcoMrk-00194-00067317-00067694 key and rector Jan sniadach II the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00195-00067695-00067859 university flourished
_-FVaYcoMrk-00196-00067860-00068129 it used polish as the instructional
_-FVaYcoMrk-00197-00068130-00068372 language although Russian was added to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00198-00068373-00068702 the curriculum it became known for its
_-FVaYcoMrk-00199-00068703-00068969 studies of Belarusian and Lithuanian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00200-00068970-00069371 culture by 1823 it was one of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00201-00069372-00069625 largest in Europe the student population
_-FVaYcoMrk-00202-00069626-00069982 exceeded that of the Oxford University a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00203-00069983-00070313 number of students among them poet Adam
_-FVaYcoMrk-00204-00070314-00070682 meats kovitch were arrested in 1823 for
_-FVaYcoMrk-00205-00070683-00070952 conspiracy against the Tsar membership
_-FVaYcoMrk-00206-00070953-00071396 in Philomath II in 1832 after the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00207-00071397-00071675 November uprising the university was
_-FVaYcoMrk-00208-00071676-00071933 closed by Tsar Nicholas the first of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00209-00071934-00072314 Russia two of the faculties were turned
_-FVaYcoMrk-00210-00072315-00072572 into separate schools the medical and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00211-00072573-00072920 surgical academy academia medico george
_-FVaYcoMrk-00212-00072921-00073151 ixnay and the Roman Catholic Academy
_-FVaYcoMrk-00213-00073152-00073634 rims Co católica academia Donna but soon
_-FVaYcoMrk-00214-00073635-00073874 they were closed as well with medical
_-FVaYcoMrk-00215-00073875-00074147 and surgical Academy transformed into
_-FVaYcoMrk-00216-00074148-00074450 Medical Faculty of University of Kiev
_-FVaYcoMrk-00217-00074451-00074708 now bog amylase National Medical
_-FVaYcoMrk-00218-00074709-00074942 University and latter one being
_-FVaYcoMrk-00219-00074943-00075245 transformed into st. Petersburg Roman
_-FVaYcoMrk-00220-00075246-00075533 Catholic theological Academy after the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00221-00075534-00075905 October Revolution of 1917 moved to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00222-00075906-00076096 Poland where it became Catholic
_-FVaYcoMrk-00223-00076097-00076320 University of Lublin
_-FVaYcoMrk-00224-00076321-00076572 the repression that followed the failed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00225-00076573-00076857 uprising included banning the Polish and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00226-00076858-00077154 Lithuanian languages all education in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00227-00077155-00077821 those languages was halted
_-FVaYcoMrk-00228-00077822-00078611 topic 1918 to 1939
_-FVaYcoMrk-00229-00078612-00078909 Lithuania declared its independence in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00230-00078910-00079331 February 1918 the university with the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00231-00079332-00079625 rest of Vilnius and Lithuania was opened
_-FVaYcoMrk-00232-00079626-00080144 three times between 1918 and 1919 the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00233-00080145-00080360 Lithuanian National Council
_-FVaYcoMrk-00234-00080361-00080718 reestablished it in December 1918 with
_-FVaYcoMrk-00235-00080719-00081175 classes to start on January 1st 1919 an
_-FVaYcoMrk-00236-00081176-00081488 invasion by the Red Army interrupted
_-FVaYcoMrk-00237-00081489-00081861 this plan a Lithuanian communist vincas
_-FVaYcoMrk-00238-00081862-00082082 cap zookas Micka Vichy as' then
_-FVaYcoMrk-00239-00082083-00082438 sponsored a plan to reopen it as Labour
_-FVaYcoMrk-00240-00082439-00082848 University in March 1919 in the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00241-00082849-00083142 short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist
_-FVaYcoMrk-00242-00083143-00083454 Republic later Lithuanian Belarusian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00243-00083455-00083732 Soviet Socialist Republic but the city
_-FVaYcoMrk-00244-00083733-00084134 was taken by Poland in April 1919
_-FVaYcoMrk-00245-00084135-00084480 marshal Jozef Pilsudski reopened it as
_-FVaYcoMrk-00246-00084481-00084792 Stefan Batory University Universidad
_-FVaYcoMrk-00247-00084793-00085365 stefana Bathory go on August 28 1919 the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00248-00085366-00085628 city would fall to the Soviets again in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00249-00085629-00085881 1920 who transferred it to the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00250-00085882-00086121 Lithuanian state after their defeat in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00251-00086122-00086490 the battle of Warsaw finally in the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00252-00086491-00086748 aftermath of the Zell agofsky's mutiny
_-FVaYcoMrk-00253-00086749-00086979 and Republic of central Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00254-00086980-00087363 general election 1922 the Vilnius region
_-FVaYcoMrk-00255-00087364-00087737 was subsequently annexed by Poland in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00256-00087738-00088041 response to the dispute over the region
_-FVaYcoMrk-00257-00088042-00088317 many lithuanian scholars moved to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00258-00088318-00088643 Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00259-00088644-00089073 interwar capital the university quickly
_-FVaYcoMrk-00260-00089074-00089238 recovered and gained international
_-FVaYcoMrk-00261-00089239-00089571 prestige largely because of the presence
_-FVaYcoMrk-00262-00089572-00089807 of notable scientists such as will
_-FVaYcoMrk-00263-00089808-00090080 oddest law at arkovich Marianne G HOF
_-FVaYcoMrk-00264-00090081-00090468 ski and Henrick Nevada nozanne ski among
_-FVaYcoMrk-00265-00090469-00090699 the students of the university at that
_-FVaYcoMrk-00266-00090700-00090962 time was future Nobel Prize winner
_-FVaYcoMrk-00267-00090963-00091343 Czeslaw Milosz the university grew
_-FVaYcoMrk-00268-00091344-00091607 quickly thanks to government grants and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00269-00091608-00091820 private donations
_-FVaYcoMrk-00270-00091821-00092204 it's library contained 600,000 volumes
_-FVaYcoMrk-00271-00092205-00092482 including historic and cartographic
_-FVaYcoMrk-00272-00092483-00092707 items which are still in its possession
_-FVaYcoMrk-00273-00092708-00093203 in 1938 the university had seven
_-FVaYcoMrk-00274-00093204-00093798 institutes 123 professors
_-FVaYcoMrk-00275-00093799-00094122 104 scientific units including two
_-FVaYcoMrk-00276-00094123-00094712 hospitals 3110 students the university's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00277-00094713-00095040 international students included 212
_-FVaYcoMrk-00278-00095041-00095490 Russians 94 Belarussians 85 Lithuanian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00279-00095491-00095900 28 Ukrainians and 13 Germans
_-FVaYcoMrk-00280-00095901-00096279 anti-semitism increased during the 1930s
_-FVaYcoMrk-00281-00096280-00096551 and a system of ghetto benches in which
_-FVaYcoMrk-00282-00096552-00096819 Jewish students were required to sit in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00283-00096820-00097074 separate areas was instituted at the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00284-00097075-00097404 university violence erupted the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00285-00097405-00097662 university was closed for two weeks
_-FVaYcoMrk-00286-00097663-00098199 during January 1937 in February Jewish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00287-00098200-00098424 students were denied entrance to its
_-FVaYcoMrk-00288-00098425-00098751 grounds the faculty was then authorized
_-FVaYcoMrk-00289-00098752-00099051 to decide on an individual basis whether
_-FVaYcoMrk-00290-00099052-00099285 the segregation should be observed in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00291-00099286-00099492 their classrooms and expelled those
_-FVaYcoMrk-00292-00099493-00099918 students who would not comply 54 Jewish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00293-00099919-00100155 students were expelled but were allowed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00294-00100156-00100353 to return the next day under a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00295-00100354-00100587 compromise in which in addition to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00296-00100588-00100919 Jewish students Lithuanian Belarusian
_-FVaYcoMrk-00297-00100920-00101337 and polish Democratic students were to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00298-00101338-00101594 be seated separately rector of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00299-00101595-00101904 university will add aslam Marion Yaakov
_-FVaYcoMrk-00300-00101905-00102188 itsuki resigned his position in protest
_-FVaYcoMrk-00301-00102189-00102387 over the introduction of the ghetto
_-FVaYcoMrk-00302-00102388-00102948 benches
_-FVaYcoMrk-00303-00102949-00103530 Topic World War two
_-FVaYcoMrk-00304-00103531-00103788 following the invasion of Poland the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00305-00103789-00104151 university continued its operations the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00306-00104152-00104427 city was soon occupied by the Soviet
_-FVaYcoMrk-00307-00104428-00104742 Union most of the professor's returned
_-FVaYcoMrk-00308-00104743-00104984 after the hostilities ended and the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00309-00104985-00105369 faculties reopened on October 1st 1939
_-FVaYcoMrk-00310-00105370-00105840 on October 28th vilnius was transferred
_-FVaYcoMrk-00311-00105841-00106071 to lithuania which considered the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00312-00106072-00106371 previous 18 years as an occupation by
_-FVaYcoMrk-00313-00106372-00106752 poland of its capital the university was
_-FVaYcoMrk-00314-00106753-00107142 closed on december 15 1939 by the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00315-00107143-00107423 authorities of the Republic of Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00316-00107424-00107766 all the faculty staff and it's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00317-00107767-00108146 approximately 3,000 students dismissed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00318-00108147-00108372 students were ordered to leave the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00319-00108373-00108800 dormitories 600 ended in a refugee camp
_-FVaYcoMrk-00320-00108801-00109080 professors had to leave their university
_-FVaYcoMrk-00321-00109081-00109151 flats
_-FVaYcoMrk-00322-00109152-00109449 following the Lithuania zation policies
_-FVaYcoMrk-00323-00109450-00109728 in its place a new University named
_-FVaYcoMrk-00324-00109729-00110130 Vilnius University days was created its
_-FVaYcoMrk-00325-00110131-00110418 faculty came from the Kaunas university
_-FVaYcoMrk-00326-00110419-00110742 the new charter specified that Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00327-00110743-00110979 University was to be governed according
_-FVaYcoMrk-00328-00110980-00111219 to the statute of the Vytautas Magnus
_-FVaYcoMrk-00329-00111220-00111461 University of conness and that
_-FVaYcoMrk-00330-00111463-00111708 Lithuanian language programs and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00331-00111708-00111992 faculties would be established
_-FVaYcoMrk-00332-00111993-00112259 Lithuanian was named as the official
_-FVaYcoMrk-00333-00112260-00112527 language of the University a new
_-FVaYcoMrk-00334-00112528-00112842 academic term started on the 22nd of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00335-00112843-00113181 January only 13 of the new students had
_-FVaYcoMrk-00336-00113182-00113499 former polish citizenship polish law and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00337-00113500-00113833 social sciences humanities medical
_-FVaYcoMrk-00338-00113834-00114150 theological mathematical life sciences
_-FVaYcoMrk-00339-00114151-00114386 faculties continued to work underground
_-FVaYcoMrk-00340-00114388-00114678 with lectures and exams held in private
_-FVaYcoMrk-00341-00114679-00115167 flats until 1944 polish professors who
_-FVaYcoMrk-00342-00115168-00115407 took part in the underground courses
_-FVaYcoMrk-00343-00115408-00115770 included Evo Jaworski Kazimierz petrucha
_-FVaYcoMrk-00344-00115771-00116052 wits and Bronislaw Wroblewski
_-FVaYcoMrk-00345-00116053-00116261 the diplomas of the underground
_-FVaYcoMrk-00346-00116263-00116510 universities were accepted by many
_-FVaYcoMrk-00347-00116511-00116807 polish universities after the war
_-FVaYcoMrk-00348-00116808-00117153 soon after the annexation of Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00349-00117154-00117423 by the Soviet Union while some polish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00350-00117424-00117624 professors were allowed to resume
_-FVaYcoMrk-00351-00117625-00117882 teaching many others along with some
_-FVaYcoMrk-00352-00117883-00118178 Lithuanian professors who were deemed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00353-00118179-00118515 reactionary were arrested and sent to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00354-00118516-00118755 prison x' and gulags in Russia and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00355-00118756-00118892 Kazakhstan
_-FVaYcoMrk-00356-00118893-00119451 between September 1939 in July 1941 the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00357-00119452-00119781 Soviets arrested and deported 19 Polish
_-FVaYcoMrk-00358-00119782-00120096 faculty and X faculty of the University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00359-00120097-00120372 of Stefan Batory of who nine perished
_-FVaYcoMrk-00360-00120373-00120686 professors Stanislaus Olinsky will Lada
_-FVaYcoMrk-00361-00120688-00121020 slaw Marion Yaakov Itsuki Jan Kempis T
_-FVaYcoMrk-00362-00121021-00121320 Yosef Marcin kovitch Taddy use collage
_-FVaYcoMrk-00363-00121321-00121596 in ski Peter Oh feets y'all ski will
_-FVaYcoMrk-00364-00121597-00121863 Lodge Amir's God Lau ski Const Andy
_-FVaYcoMrk-00365-00121864-00122163 petkovic and Const Andy Sokol Sokolov
_-FVaYcoMrk-00366-00122164-00122451 ski the last five victims of the Katyn
_-FVaYcoMrk-00367-00122452-00122688 massacre the city was occupied by
_-FVaYcoMrk-00368-00122689-00123117 Germany in 1941 and all institutions of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00369-00123118-00123425 higher education for polls were closed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00370-00123426-00123926 from 1940 until September 1944 under
_-FVaYcoMrk-00371-00123927-00124188 Lithuanian professor an activist
_-FVaYcoMrk-00372-00124189-00124455 Nicholas burr syska the University of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00373-00124456-00124773 Vilnius was open for Lithuanian students
_-FVaYcoMrk-00374-00124774-00124974 under supervision of the German
_-FVaYcoMrk-00375-00124975-00125466 occupation authorities in 1944 many of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00376-00125467-00125696 Polish students took part in operation
_-FVaYcoMrk-00377-00125697-00126093 austra brahma the majority of them were
_-FVaYcoMrk-00378-00126094-00126438 later arrested by the NKVD and suffered
_-FVaYcoMrk-00379-00126439-00126693 repressions from their participation in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00380-00126694-00127395 the army accrue Jawa resistance
_-FVaYcoMrk-00381-00127396-00128320 topic Soviet period 1945 to 1990
_-FVaYcoMrk-00382-00128321-00128591 educated polls were transferred to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00383-00128592-00128860 People's Republic of Poland after World
_-FVaYcoMrk-00384-00128861-00129124 War two under the guidance of state
_-FVaYcoMrk-00385-00129125-00129515 repatriation office as the result many
_-FVaYcoMrk-00386-00129516-00129760 of former students and professors of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00387-00129761-00130046 Stefan Batory joined universities in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00388-00130047-00130415 Poland to keep contact with each other
_-FVaYcoMrk-00389-00130416-00130655 the professor's decided to transfer
_-FVaYcoMrk-00390-00130656-00131149 whole faculties after 1945 most of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00391-00131150-00131477 mathematicians humanists and biologists
_-FVaYcoMrk-00392-00131478-00131675 joined the nikolaos Copernicus
_-FVaYcoMrk-00393-00131676-00131942 University in Turin while a number of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00394-00131943-00132170 the medical faculty formed the core of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00395-00132171-00132452 the newly founded Medical University of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00396-00132453-00132842 Gdansk the Turin University is often
_-FVaYcoMrk-00397-00132843-00133055 considered to be the successor to the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00398-00133056-00133318 Polish traditions of the Stefan Batory
_-FVaYcoMrk-00399-00133319-00133532 University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00400-00133533-00133924 in 1955 the university was named after
_-FVaYcoMrk-00401-00133925-00134222 vincas cap zookas after it had been
_-FVaYcoMrk-00402-00134223-00134476 awarded the order of the red banner of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00403-00134477-00134776 labour in 1971 in the order of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00404-00134777-00135160 friendship of people's in 1979 it's full
_-FVaYcoMrk-00405-00135161-00135521 name until 1990 was Vilnius order of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00406-00135522-00135734 red banner of labor and order of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00407-00135735-00136015 friendship of people's vcap zookas state
_-FVaYcoMrk-00408-00136016-00136324 university though restrained by the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00409-00136325-00136658 Soviet system Vilnius University grew
_-FVaYcoMrk-00410-00136659-00136897 and gained significance and developed
_-FVaYcoMrk-00411-00136898-00137275 its own Lithuanian identity Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00412-00137276-00137531 University began to free itself from
_-FVaYcoMrk-00413-00137532-00137926 Soviet ideology in 1988 thanks to the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00414-00137927-00138576 policy of glasnost
_-FVaYcoMrk-00415-00138577-00139172 topic after 1990
_-FVaYcoMrk-00416-00139173-00139601 on March 11 1990 Lithuania declared
_-FVaYcoMrk-00417-00139602-00139874 independence and the University regained
_-FVaYcoMrk-00418-00139875-00140332 autonomy since 1991 Vilnius University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00419-00140333-00140642 has been a signatory to the Magna Charta
_-FVaYcoMrk-00420-00140643-00141020 of the European universities it is a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00421-00141021-00141263 member of the European University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00422-00141264-00141602 Association EU a and the conference of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00423-00141603-00142336 Baltic University rector's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00424-00142337-00142931 topic status today
_-FVaYcoMrk-00425-00142932-00143266 in modern times the university still
_-FVaYcoMrk-00426-00143267-00143515 offers studies with an internationally
_-FVaYcoMrk-00427-00143516-00143837 recognised content there are three
_-FVaYcoMrk-00428-00143838-00144199 Bachelor and 16 master study programs in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00429-00144200-00144360 English
_-FVaYcoMrk-00430-00144361-00144738 as of the 10th of October 2017 there
_-FVaYcoMrk-00431-00144739-00145161 were 19 thousand 768 students attending
_-FVaYcoMrk-00432-00145162-00145449 Vilnius University the current rector as
_-FVaYcoMrk-00433-00145450-00145713 Professor Archer azúcar says the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00434-00145714-00146001 university specifically the courtyard
_-FVaYcoMrk-00435-00146002-00146247 was featured in the American TV series
_-FVaYcoMrk-00436-00146248-00146981 The Amazing Race 12
_-FVaYcoMrk-00437-00146982-00147835 topic structure
_-FVaYcoMrk-00438-00147836-00148359 topic faculties
_-FVaYcoMrk-00439-00148360-00148818 Business School Faculty of chemistry and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00440-00148819-00149351 Geosciences Faculty of Communication
_-FVaYcoMrk-00441-00149352-00149625 faculty of economics and Business
_-FVaYcoMrk-00442-00149626-00150147 Administration Faculty of history
_-FVaYcoMrk-00443-00150148-00150726 Kaunas faculty Faculty of Law Faculty of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00444-00150727-00151161 mathematics and informatics faculty of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00445-00151162-00151740 medicine faculty of philology faculty of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00446-00151741-00152310 philosophy Faculty of physics Institute
_-FVaYcoMrk-00447-00152311-00152583 of international relations and political
_-FVaYcoMrk-00448-00152584-00153333 science Life Sciences Centre
_-FVaYcoMrk-00449-00153334-00153899 topic other divisions
_-FVaYcoMrk-00450-00153900-00154335 botanical garden center of information
_-FVaYcoMrk-00451-00154336-00154695 technology development center of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00452-00154696-00155056 property management and services
_-FVaYcoMrk-00453-00155057-00155473 cultural center elearning an examination
_-FVaYcoMrk-00454-00155474-00156055 center library museum
_-FVaYcoMrk-00455-00156056-00156505 publishing house conference seminar and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00456-00156506-00156907 leisure center remover health and sport
_-FVaYcoMrk-00457-00156908-00157389 center
_-FVaYcoMrk-00458-00157390-00157913 topic campus
_-FVaYcoMrk-00459-00157914-00158212 the old campus of Vilnius University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00460-00158213-00158531 consists of 13 buildings and 13
_-FVaYcoMrk-00461-00158532-00158866 courtyards at present the rector's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00462-00158867-00159134 office the library the faculties of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00463-00159135-00159454 fillol adji philosophy and history are
_-FVaYcoMrk-00464-00159455-00159818 situated there the largest courtyards
_-FVaYcoMrk-00465-00159819-00160378 are p s-- cargoes the main courtyard m
_-FVaYcoMrk-00466-00160379-00160790 case RB vigils courtyard library
_-FVaYcoMrk-00467-00160791-00161165 courtyard observatory courtyard
_-FVaYcoMrk-00468-00161166-00161515 faculties of physics economy law and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00469-00161516-00161791 communication as well as Business School
_-FVaYcoMrk-00470-00161792-00162082 Life Sciences Centre and scholarly
_-FVaYcoMrk-00471-00162083-00162359 communication and information center are
_-FVaYcoMrk-00472-00162360-00162761 located in salat Equis district
_-FVaYcoMrk-00473-00162762-00163103 you
_-FVaYcoMrk-00474-00163104-00163621 topic ranking
_-FVaYcoMrk-00475-00163622-00164119 Vilnius University has ranked 401 to 410
_-FVaYcoMrk-00476-00164120-00164553 among world top universities by 2018 qsr
_-FVaYcoMrk-00477-00164554-00165070 world university rankings in 2017 qsr
_-FVaYcoMrk-00478-00165071-00165343 whoo rankings by subject Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00479-00165344-00165769 University has ranked 201 to 250 in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00480-00165770-00166191 linguistics and 251 to 300 in physics
_-FVaYcoMrk-00481-00166192-00166549 and astronomy in qsr rankings of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00482-00166550-00166851 emerging Europe and Central Asia Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00483-00166852-00167163 University has ranked 21 Vilnius
_-FVaYcoMrk-00484-00167164-00167562 University has ranked 601 to 800 in the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00485-00167563-00167932 world and 291 in Europe by Times Higher
_-FVaYcoMrk-00486-00167933-00168740 Education World University Rankings
_-FVaYcoMrk-00487-00168741-00169441 topic projects recent and ongoing
_-FVaYcoMrk-00488-00169442-00169874 projects at Vilnius University include
_-FVaYcoMrk-00489-00169875-00170174 laser spectrometer for testing of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00490-00170175-00170416 coatings of crystals and optical
_-FVaYcoMrk-00491-00170417-00170716 components in wide spectral and angle
_-FVaYcoMrk-00492-00170717-00170897 range
_-FVaYcoMrk-00493-00170898-00171236 NATO science for peace program project
_-FVaYcoMrk-00494-00171237-00172216 NATO SFP 9 7 2 5 3 4 1999 to 2002 cell
_-FVaYcoMrk-00495-00172217-00172525 biology and lasers towards new
_-FVaYcoMrk-00496-00172526-00172997 technologies Vilnius University UNESCO
_-FVaYcoMrk-00497-00172998-00173432 associated center of excellence science
_-FVaYcoMrk-00498-00173433-00173795 and society genomics and benefit sharing
_-FVaYcoMrk-00499-00173796-00174066 with developing countries from
_-FVaYcoMrk-00500-00174067-00174374 biodiversity to human genomics Jen
_-FVaYcoMrk-00501-00174375-00174826 benefit dock II goofiness Faculty of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00502-00174827-00175350 Medicine 2006 to 2009
_-FVaYcoMrk-00503-00175351-00175588 citizens and governance in a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00504-00175589-00175863 knowledge-based society social
_-FVaYcoMrk-00505-00175864-00176144 inequality and why it matters for the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00506-00176145-00176447 economic and democratic development of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00507-00176448-00176854 Europe and its citizens post communist
_-FVaYcoMrk-00508-00176855-00177083 Central and Eastern Europe in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00509-00177084-00177583 comparative perspective EU are EQ UAL
_-FVaYcoMrk-00510-00177584-00178084 doc a Pavel Yunus Faculty of philosophy
_-FVaYcoMrk-00511-00178085-00178446 2006 to 2009
_-FVaYcoMrk-00512-00178447-00178815 Marie Curie chairs Center for studies
_-FVaYcoMrk-00513-00178816-00179115 and training experiments with lasers and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00514-00179116-00179492 laser applications Stella
_-FVaYcoMrk-00515-00179493-00179978 a double is faculty of physics 2006 to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00516-00179979-00180211 2009
_-FVaYcoMrk-00517-00180212-00180479 research infrastructure action
_-FVaYcoMrk-00518-00180480-00180823 integrated European laser laboratories
_-FVaYcoMrk-00519-00180824-00181282 laser lab Bureau professor APIs carcass
_-FVaYcoMrk-00520-00181283-00181966 Faculty of physics 2004 to 2007
_-FVaYcoMrk-00521-00181967-00182203 nanotechnology and nano ceases
_-FVaYcoMrk-00522-00182204-00182441 knowledge-based multifunctional
_-FVaYcoMrk-00523-00182442-00182759 materials new production processes and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00524-00182760-00183122 devices cell programming by nanoscale
_-FVaYcoMrk-00525-00183123-00183442 devices cell prom
_-FVaYcoMrk-00526-00183443-00183880 professor acre Eva Faculty of chemistry
_-FVaYcoMrk-00527-00183881-00184248 2004 to 2009
_-FVaYcoMrk-00528-00184249-00184509 advanced European infrastructures for
_-FVaYcoMrk-00529-00184510-00184886 detectors at accelerators Ida - OH - Oh
_-FVaYcoMrk-00530-00184887-00185204 Institute of Applied Research Faculty of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00531-00185205-00185835 physics JV Vegas gee tamya lightest 2015
_-FVaYcoMrk-00532-00185836-00186103 to 2019
_-FVaYcoMrk-00533-00186104-00186466 EU strat the EU and Eastern Partnership
_-FVaYcoMrk-00534-00186467-00186778 countries an inside-out analysis and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00535-00186779-00187129 strategic assessment EU strat institute
_-FVaYcoMrk-00536-00187130-00187360 of international relations and political
_-FVaYcoMrk-00537-00187361-00187908 science are Ville pas Sasuke's 2016 to
_-FVaYcoMrk-00538-00187909-00188127 2019
_-FVaYcoMrk-00539-00188128-00188444 European network of research ethics and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00540-00188445-00188779 research integrity European ethics and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00541-00188780-00189079 research integrity network eg feena's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00542-00189080-00190067 Faculty of Medicine 2016 to 2019
_-FVaYcoMrk-00543-00190068-00190722 topic international relations
_-FVaYcoMrk-00544-00190723-00191041 Vilnius University has signed more than
_-FVaYcoMrk-00545-00191042-00191406 180 bilateral cooperation agreements
_-FVaYcoMrk-00546-00191407-00191878 with universities in 41 countries under
_-FVaYcoMrk-00547-00191879-00192203 erasmus+ programme the university has
_-FVaYcoMrk-00548-00192204-00192600 over 800 agreements with 430 European
_-FVaYcoMrk-00549-00192601-00192900 and 55 agreements with partner country
_-FVaYcoMrk-00550-00192901-00193326 universities for the academic exchanges
_-FVaYcoMrk-00551-00193327-00193642 University students actively participate
_-FVaYcoMrk-00552-00193643-00193948 in such exchange programs as Erasmus
_-FVaYcoMrk-00553-00193949-00194442 plus Erasmus Mundus ISEP AE and Maui and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00554-00194443-00194995 CREP UQ the university as a signatory of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00555-00194996-00195202 the Magna Charta of European
_-FVaYcoMrk-00556-00195203-00195403 universities and a member of the
_-FVaYcoMrk-00557-00195404-00195619 International Association of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00558-00195620-00195892 universities European University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00559-00195893-00196171 Association the conference of Baltic
_-FVaYcoMrk-00560-00196172-00196309 University rector's
_-FVaYcoMrk-00561-00196310-00196606 the utrecht network única Network and
_-FVaYcoMrk-00562-00196607-00196888 the Baltic Sea region university network
_-FVaYcoMrk-00563-00196889-00197299 in addition Vilnius University has been
_-FVaYcoMrk-00564-00197300-00197536 invited to join the Coimbra group a
_-FVaYcoMrk-00565-00197537-00197754 network of prestigious European
_-FVaYcoMrk-00566-00197755-00198043 universities from the 1st of January
_-FVaYcoMrk-00567-00198044-00198699 2016
_-FVaYcoMrk-00568-00198700-00199573 topic people
_-FVaYcoMrk-00569-00199574-00200034 topic Nobel Prize winners
_-FVaYcoMrk-00570-00200035-00200209 you
_-FVaYcoMrk-00571-00200210-00200596 cheslow me wash poet the Nobel Prize in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00572-00200597-00201189 Literature 1980
_-FVaYcoMrk-00573-00201190-00201582 topic notable professors and alumni of
_-FVaYcoMrk-00574-00201583-00202083 Vilnius University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00575-00202084-00202746 in alphabetical order
_-FVaYcoMrk-00576-00202747-00203324 topic see also
_-FVaYcoMrk-00577-00203325-00203636 list of early modern universities in
_-FVaYcoMrk-00578-00203637-00204157 Europe list of universities in Lithuania
_-FVaYcoMrk-00579-00204158-00204449 Utrecht Network
_-FVaYcoMrk-00580-00204450-00205017 prot music start fm Vilnius University
_-FVaYcoMrk-00581-00205019-00205435 folklore ensemble rity leo
_-FVaYcoMrk-00582-00205436-00205804 history of Vilnius
__7XggA5LhY-00000-00000104-00000271 the portuguese-speaking african
__7XggA5LhY-00001-00000272-00000495 countries also referred to as lusophone
__7XggA5LhY-00002-00000496-00000734 africa consist of six african countries
__7XggA5LhY-00003-00000735-00000919 in which the portuguese language is an
__7XggA5LhY-00004-00000919-00001158 official language angola cape verde
__7XggA5LhY-00005-00001159-00001415 guinea-bissau mozambique sauto may and
__7XggA5LhY-00006-00001416-00001671 principe and since 2011 equatorial
__7XggA5LhY-00007-00001672-00001775 guinea
__7XggA5LhY-00008-00001776-00001991 the six countries are former colonies of
__7XggA5LhY-00009-00001992-00002334 the portuguese empire from 1778 until
__7XggA5LhY-00010-00002335-00002567 independence equatorial guinea was also
__7XggA5LhY-00011-00002568-00002815 a colony of the spanish empire
__7XggA5LhY-00012-00002816-00003102 in 1992 the five lusophone african
__7XggA5LhY-00013-00003103-00003254 countries formed an interstate
__7XggA5LhY-00014-00003255-00003567 organization called palop a colloquial
__7XggA5LhY-00015-00003568-00003759 acronym that translates to african
__7XggA5LhY-00016-00003760-00003919 countries of portuguese official
__7XggA5LhY-00017-00003920-00004175 language portuguese pays as africanos de
__7XggA5LhY-00018-00004176-00004535 lingua official portuguesa the palop
__7XggA5LhY-00019-00004536-00004670 countries have signed official
__7XggA5LhY-00020-00004671-00004879 agreements with portugal the european
__7XggA5LhY-00021-00004880-00005063 union and the united nations and they
__7XggA5LhY-00022-00005064-00005247 work together to promote the development
__7XggA5LhY-00023-00005248-00005415 of culture and education and the
__7XggA5LhY-00024-00005416-00005686 preservation of the portuguese language
__7XggA5LhY-00025-00005687-00005899 together with portugal and brazil in
__7XggA5LhY-00026-00005900-00006183 1996 the portuguese-speaking african
__7XggA5LhY-00027-00006184-00006375 countries established the community of
__7XggA5LhY-00028-00006376-00006606 portuguese language countries portuguese
__7XggA5LhY-00029-00006608-00006814 comunidade dos pesas de lingua
__7XggA5LhY-00030-00006815-00007110 portuguesa abbreviated to cplp which
__7XggA5LhY-00031-00007111-00007367 east timor later joined in 2002 and
__7XggA5LhY-00032-00007368-00007983 equatorial guinea in 2014
__7XggA5LhY-00033-00007984-00008983 the palop countries
__7XggA5LhY-00034-00008984-00009487 former portuguese colonies
__7XggA5LhY-00035-00009488-00009631 topic
__7XggA5LhY-00036-00009632-00009774 angola
__7XggA5LhY-00037-00009775-00009959 cape verde
__7XggA5LhY-00038-00009960-00010110 bissau
__7XggA5LhY-00039-00010111-00010278 mozambique
__7XggA5LhY-00040-00010279-00010846 sauto may in principe
__7XggA5LhY-00041-00010847-00011231 portuguese colony 1474-1778
__7XggA5LhY-00042-00011232-00012127 spanish colony 1778-1968
__7XggA5LhY-00043-00012128-00012335 equatorial guinea equatorial guinea
__7XggA5LhY-00044-00012336-00012542 adopted portuguese as its third official
__7XggA5LhY-00045-00012543-00012871 language in october 2011. originally a
__7XggA5LhY-00046-00012872-00013079 portuguese colony before it was claimed
__7XggA5LhY-00047-00013080-00013407 by spain in 1778 equatorial guinea has
__7XggA5LhY-00048-00013408-00013599 adopted portuguese as the country's
__7XggA5LhY-00049-00013600-00013775 third official language in order to be
__7XggA5LhY-00050-00013776-00013991 allowed into the cplp despite its
__7XggA5LhY-00051-00013991-00014166 limited historical and cultural
__7XggA5LhY-00052-00014168-00014447 commonalities with the other countries
__7XggA5LhY-00053-00014447-00014671 equatorial guinea was traditionally not
__7XggA5LhY-00054-00014672-00014927 considered part of the palop and it was
__7XggA5LhY-00055-00014928-00015207 not a founding member of forpalop
__7XggA5LhY-00056-00015208-00015471 in june 2014. the recently created
__7XggA5LhY-00057-00015472-00015750 institution that includes the palop a
__7XggA5LhY-00058-00015751-00015919 forum for political diplomatic
__7XggA5LhY-00059-00015919-00016103 cooperation to deepen historical
__7XggA5LhY-00060-00016104-00016303 friendship ties and solidarity between
__7XggA5LhY-00061-00016304-00016494 these african states
__7XggA5LhY-00062-00016495-00016639 it should however be noted that
__7XggA5LhY-00063-00016640-00016830 portuguese is sparsely used throughout
__7XggA5LhY-00064-00016831-00016958 the country
__7XggA5LhY-00065-00016959-00017271 it was admitted into the cplp in 2014
__7XggA5LhY-00066-00017272-00017491 and subsequently it became
__7XggA5LhY-00067-00017492-00018094 forpalop's sixth member
__7XggA5LhY-00068-00018095-00018783 shared postcolonial legacy
__7XggA5LhY-00069-00018784-00018991 these five african countries are former
__7XggA5LhY-00070-00018992-00019207 colonies of the portuguese empire which
__7XggA5LhY-00071-00019208-00019399 collapsed shortly after the carnation
__7XggA5LhY-00072-00019400-00019686 revolution military coup of 1974 in
__7XggA5LhY-00073-00019687-00019935 lisbon the strains of the portuguese
__7XggA5LhY-00074-00019936-00020158 colonial war overextended and weakened
__7XggA5LhY-00075-00020159-00020327 the portuguese dictatorship and
__7XggA5LhY-00076-00020328-00020550 precipitated the overthrow of antonio de
__7XggA5LhY-00077-00020551-00020863 oliveira salazar s regime younger
__7XggA5LhY-00078-00020864-00021111 military officers who were disillusioned
__7XggA5LhY-00079-00021112-00021358 by a war that was far off and taxing
__7XggA5LhY-00080-00021359-00021575 began to side with the pro-independence
__7XggA5LhY-00081-00021576-00021767 resistance against portugal and
__7XggA5LhY-00082-00021768-00022111 eventually led to the military coup d
__7XggA5LhY-00083-00022112-00022430 a taught on april 25 1974
__7XggA5LhY-00084-00022431-00022630 the long-lasting rule of the portuguese
__7XggA5LhY-00085-00022631-00022855 colonial empire had varying effects on
__7XggA5LhY-00086-00022856-00023022 the african states even after they
__7XggA5LhY-00087-00023023-00023327 gained independence in the 1970s
__7XggA5LhY-00088-00023328-00023558 the legacy of portuguese empire building
__7XggA5LhY-00089-00023559-00023775 pervades the postcolonial discourse that
__7XggA5LhY-00090-00023776-00023950 attempts to explain the development of
__7XggA5LhY-00091-00023951-00024142 the modern nation state in lusophone
__7XggA5LhY-00092-00024143-00024855 africa and shed light on its failures
__7XggA5LhY-00093-00024856-00025439 see also
__7XggA5LhY-00094-00025440-00025622 community of portuguese language
__7XggA5LhY-00095-00025623-00025758 countries
__7XggA5LhY-00096-00025760-00026070 geographic distribution of portuguese
__7XggA5LhY-00097-00026072-00026295 portuguese in africa
__7XggA5LhY-00098-00026295-00026487 lusofani list of countries where
__7XggA5LhY-00099-00026488-00027127 portuguese is an official language
__7XggA5LhY-00100-00027127-00028039 references
__7XggA5LhY-00101-00028039-00028646 external links
__7XggA5LhY-00102-00028647-00028887 banco de portugal economic trends of the
__7XggA5LhY-00103-00028888-00029095 portuguese-speaking african countries in
__7XggA5LhY-00104-00029095-00029556 east timor 2006 2007
__83fBacqOc-00000-00000079-00000366 hello everyone welcome to this uk data
__83fBacqOc-00001-00000367-00000638 service workshop on geographical data
__83fBacqOc-00002-00000639-00001015 visualization of uk census data um your
__83fBacqOc-00003-00001016-00001254 presenter today will be james james
__83fBacqOc-00004-00001255-00001558 crohn of the uk data service he's based
__83fBacqOc-00005-00001559-00001871 at adina at the university of edinburgh
__83fBacqOc-00006-00001872-00002142 and now over to james
__83fBacqOc-00007-00002143-00002326 thanks jill
__83fBacqOc-00008-00002327-00002479 the layout of the days there's going to
__83fBacqOc-00009-00002480-00002799 be a few presentations from me
__83fBacqOc-00010-00002800-00002942 and quite a few actual hands-on
__83fBacqOc-00011-00002943-00003102 practical exercises
__83fBacqOc-00012-00003103-00003279 the emphasis in the workshop is to
__83fBacqOc-00013-00003279-00003454 actually get your hands on using data
__83fBacqOc-00014-00003455-00003590 and software
__83fBacqOc-00015-00003592-00003767 let's continue so we'll start with a
__83fBacqOc-00016-00003768-00004022 quick introduction to the uk sensors
__83fBacqOc-00017-00004023-00004215 census data and how sense data can be
__83fBacqOc-00018-00004216-00004551 visualized geographically
__83fBacqOc-00019-00004552-00004822 so what is the census
__83fBacqOc-00020-00004823-00005022 well the census is a survey of the uk
__83fBacqOc-00021-00005023-00005279 population held every 10 years
__83fBacqOc-00022-00005280-00005422 by the devolved international
__83fBacqOc-00023-00005423-00005606 statistical agencies
__83fBacqOc-00024-00005607-00005743 so in england that's officer and
__83fBacqOc-00025-00005744-00005918 statistics
__83fBacqOc-00026-00005919-00006111 in scotland's national acts of scotland
__83fBacqOc-00027-00006112-00006375 and an island in israel
__83fBacqOc-00028-00006376-00006606 um
__83fBacqOc-00029-00006608-00006975 in england it was taking place in 2021
__83fBacqOc-00030-00006976-00007159 but in scotland because of the covered
__83fBacqOc-00031-00007159-00007423 pandemic it's only happening this year
__83fBacqOc-00032-00007423-00007591 and in fact in scotland central state
__83fBacqOc-00033-00007592-00007887 2022 is on this coming sunday so you're
__83fBacqOc-00034-00007888-00008023 in scotland you've not actually filled
__83fBacqOc-00035-00008023-00008399 your center form and yet do it by sunday
__83fBacqOc-00036-00008400-00008623 and the population fills in a census
__83fBacqOc-00037-00008624-00008959 form and answers questions relating to
__83fBacqOc-00038-00008960-00009214 to them as either as an individual or
__83fBacqOc-00039-00009215-00009478 the household which they reside in
__83fBacqOc-00040-00009479-00009623 and you can see on the
__83fBacqOc-00041-00009624-00009919 slide the household questions
__83fBacqOc-00042-00009920-00010103 and on the right individual questions
__83fBacqOc-00043-00010104-00010327 and it's a way of the government
__83fBacqOc-00044-00010328-00010638 getting information on the population
__83fBacqOc-00045-00010639-00010846 every 10 years so it's a great source of
__83fBacqOc-00046-00010847-00011231 information
__83fBacqOc-00047-00011232-00011391 and what the sensations do once they've
__83fBacqOc-00048-00011392-00011510 gathered all this information is that
__83fBacqOc-00049-00011511-00011687 they process it
__83fBacqOc-00050-00011688-00012423 and create various output census data
__83fBacqOc-00051-00012424-00012663 and they tend to aggregate the data so
__83fBacqOc-00052-00012664-00012807 the data comes out as counts of people
__83fBacqOc-00053-00012808-00013046 are households for particular social
__83fBacqOc-00054-00013047-00013327 economic characteristics
__83fBacqOc-00055-00013328-00013566 so what you can see in the slide here
__83fBacqOc-00056-00013568-00013822 is an area of edinburgh
__83fBacqOc-00057-00013823-00013999 and the sense data comes for various
__83fBacqOc-00058-00014000-00014343 small areas of geographies and
__83fBacqOc-00059-00014344-00014471 within those small areas you get
__83fBacqOc-00060-00014472-00014791 different um types of data
__83fBacqOc-00061-00014791-00015111 so for example get the total population
__83fBacqOc-00062-00015112-00015303 number of households and the number of
__83fBacqOc-00063-00015304-00015483 people within that area who are male or
__83fBacqOc-00064-00015484-00015694 female as well as information such as
__83fBacqOc-00065-00015695-00015886 detached houses
__83fBacqOc-00066-00015887-00016535 or flats
__83fBacqOc-00067-00016536-00016735 and the sensor data itself
__83fBacqOc-00068-00016736-00016919 is a variable at various different
__83fBacqOc-00069-00016920-00017119 output geographies
__83fBacqOc-00070-00017120-00017399 so you can get data over all the uk
__83fBacqOc-00071-00017400-00017558 and then it will break down
__83fBacqOc-00072-00017559-00017719 into
__83fBacqOc-00073-00017720-00017991 countries so england scotland wales or
__83fBacqOc-00074-00017992-00018263 local authorities so
__83fBacqOc-00075-00018264-00018663 manchester united authority for example
__83fBacqOc-00076-00018664-00018903 and then wards electoral areas and these
__83fBacqOc-00077-00018904-00019511 tend to nest in some cases
__83fBacqOc-00078-00019512-00019830 within the uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00079-00019831-00020014 we've tried a one-stop shop to access
__83fBacqOc-00080-00020015-00020230 social science data and this includes
__83fBacqOc-00081-00020231-00020439 access to census data as part of our
__83fBacqOc-00082-00020440-00020599 remit
__83fBacqOc-00083-00020600-00020830 so for the uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00084-00020831-00021022 you can access dates from 1971 through
__83fBacqOc-00085-00021023-00021327 to 2011.
__83fBacqOc-00086-00021328-00021719 we expect uh the latest census data
__83fBacqOc-00087-00021720-00021983 the 2021 stuff for england
__83fBacqOc-00088-00021984-00022199 to be made available from
__83fBacqOc-00089-00022200-00022358 2020 beyond words possibly through our
__83fBacqOc-00090-00022359-00022519 applications
__83fBacqOc-00091-00022520-00022719 the scottish stuff will be different and
__83fBacqOc-00092-00022720-00022886 later because they've not actually done
__83fBacqOc-00093-00022887-00023214 the 22 census yet in scotland
__83fBacqOc-00094-00023215-00023383 and within the uk data servers we have
__83fBacqOc-00095-00023384-00023583 different applications to access
__83fBacqOc-00096-00023584-00023814 different types of census data
__83fBacqOc-00097-00023815-00024022 so the main census data is a sentence
__83fBacqOc-00098-00024023-00024271 aggregate data
__83fBacqOc-00099-00024272-00024447 and those are like the grouped
__83fBacqOc-00100-00024448-00024678 population stats
__83fBacqOc-00101-00024679-00024878 and then we have sent as microdata which
__83fBacqOc-00102-00024879-00024975 provides
__83fBacqOc-00103-00024976-00025207 quite detailed information
__83fBacqOc-00104-00025208-00025327 for smaller
__83fBacqOc-00105-00025328-00025439 numbers of people
__83fBacqOc-00106-00025440-00025535 and
__83fBacqOc-00107-00025536-00025718 census flow data
__83fBacqOc-00108-00025719-00025862 which provides um
__83fBacqOc-00109-00025863-00026087 data on migration so that's people how
__83fBacqOc-00110-00026088-00026287 they travel to work
__83fBacqOc-00111-00026288-00026614 on census day and also
__83fBacqOc-00112-00026616-00026839 their last address before the census so
__83fBacqOc-00113-00026839-00026967 it gives you some information on how
__83fBacqOc-00114-00026968-00027062 people have been moving around the
__83fBacqOc-00115-00027063-00027231 country
__83fBacqOc-00116-00027232-00027423 and then we also have supporting data
__83fBacqOc-00117-00027424-00027639 such as sense boundary data
__83fBacqOc-00118-00027639-00027902 and these are the geographic boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00119-00027904-00028046 for the various census output
__83fBacqOc-00120-00028047-00028158 geographies
__83fBacqOc-00121-00028160-00028351 which can be used to visualize the sense
__83fBacqOc-00122-00028352-00028631 of data and in this workshop today
__83fBacqOc-00123-00028632-00028823 we'll be using sentence boundary data in
__83fBacqOc-00124-00028824-00028999 a court in association with the census
__83fBacqOc-00125-00029000-00029095 stats
__83fBacqOc-00126-00029095-00029255 to create some maps and other types of
__83fBacqOc-00127-00029256-00029399 visualization
__83fBacqOc-00128-00029400-00029551 so today you'll get access you'll be
__83fBacqOc-00129-00029552-00029774 using both sensors aggregate data and
__83fBacqOc-00130-00029775-00030270 census boundary data
__83fBacqOc-00131-00030272-00030479 so the purpose for this this first
__83fBacqOc-00132-00030480-00030718 exercise in this first part of
__83fBacqOc-00133-00030719-00030831 the workshop
__83fBacqOc-00134-00030832-00031014 is to visualize census data using
__83fBacqOc-00135-00031016-00031974 choropleth maps
__83fBacqOc-00136-00031975-00032239 so if we have tables of statistics
__83fBacqOc-00137-00032239-00032462 we can join or link them to census
__83fBacqOc-00138-00032463-00032670 boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00139-00032672-00032967 like on the slide so at the top left we
__83fBacqOc-00140-00032968-00033255 have a table of sense statistics
__83fBacqOc-00141-00033256-00033415 and these show this shows information
__83fBacqOc-00142-00033416-00033551 from the census
__83fBacqOc-00143-00033552-00033831 in this case for local authorities
__83fBacqOc-00144-00033832-00034062 so we have edinburgh brent for sure and
__83fBacqOc-00145-00034063-00034207 west lobian
__83fBacqOc-00146-00034208-00034359 and each of these areas has unique
__83fBacqOc-00147-00034360-00034574 geographical identifier which is a line
__83fBacqOc-00148-00034575-00034879 digit code that uniquely identifies that
__83fBacqOc-00149-00034880-00035127 that record within the census data
__83fBacqOc-00150-00035128-00035295 and you can see your interventions such
__83fBacqOc-00151-00035296-00035543 as males and
__83fBacqOc-00152-00035544-00035735 this i think it's manufacturing number
__83fBacqOc-00153-00035736-00035895 of males
__83fBacqOc-00154-00035896-00036159 employed in manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00155-00036160-00036318 and we can have the same
__83fBacqOc-00156-00036319-00036487 geography
__83fBacqOc-00157-00036488-00036687 in terms of the actual boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00158-00036688-00036967 and these these um describe that
__83fBacqOc-00159-00036968-00037143 geography on the ground
__83fBacqOc-00160-00037144-00037390 so the extent of say edinburgh
__83fBacqOc-00161-00037391-00037639 or east and west lothian
__83fBacqOc-00162-00037640-00037823 and by linking the census stats to the
__83fBacqOc-00163-00037824-00037943 boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00164-00037944-00038159 we then have some way we can then
__83fBacqOc-00165-00038160-00038574 describe the center stats as a map
__83fBacqOc-00166-00038575-00038727 so in this case we can see that
__83fBacqOc-00167-00038728-00038902 edinburgh has been
__83fBacqOc-00168-00038903-00039143 assigned the value of
__83fBacqOc-00169-00039144-00039390 5.27 of males are employed in
__83fBacqOc-00170-00039391-00039583 manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00171-00039584-00039823 whereas in west lobian
__83fBacqOc-00172-00039824-00039974 14.93
__83fBacqOc-00173-00039975-00040287 of males are employed in manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00174-00040288-00040430 but it's not very interesting just like
__83fBacqOc-00175-00040431-00040583 this because we've
__83fBacqOc-00176-00040584-00040711 we can only look at the different values
__83fBacqOc-00177-00040712-00040895 to see where the the different um
__83fBacqOc-00178-00040896-00041071 population stats are
__83fBacqOc-00179-00041072-00041230 it's far better if you can colorize
__83fBacqOc-00180-00041231-00041462 those regions
__83fBacqOc-00181-00041463-00041743 and this is what our choropleth map does
__83fBacqOc-00182-00041744-00041951 it basically shades the polygons of the
__83fBacqOc-00183-00041952-00042087 center's areas
__83fBacqOc-00184-00042088-00042271 according to the senses variable that's
__83fBacqOc-00185-00042272-00042479 been linked to those boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00186-00042480-00042599 so for example
__83fBacqOc-00187-00042600-00042830 high senses stack values could have like
__83fBacqOc-00188-00042831-00042990 high shades of green
__83fBacqOc-00189-00042991-00043174 and low values of
__83fBacqOc-00190-00043175-00043343 lighter shades
__83fBacqOc-00191-00043344-00043495 and that way when you view the entire
__83fBacqOc-00192-00043496-00043711 data set you can quite easily see where
__83fBacqOc-00193-00043712-00043911 the high areas of the particular stat
__83fBacqOc-00194-00043912-00044102 are in the lower ears are
__83fBacqOc-00195-00044103-00044246 and that gives you a great way of like
__83fBacqOc-00196-00044247-00044607 getting some a look into the actual data
__83fBacqOc-00197-00044608-00044767 so for example this map shows the
__83fBacqOc-00198-00044768-00044879 percentage of people employed in
__83fBacqOc-00199-00044880-00045207 agriculture and forestry and fishery
__83fBacqOc-00200-00045208-00045367 and you can quite see the clearly the
__83fBacqOc-00201-00045368-00045695 difference in the urban and rural split
__83fBacqOc-00202-00045696-00045830 and also the difference in the scottish
__83fBacqOc-00203-00045831-00045983 highlands and the scottish borders in
__83fBacqOc-00204-00045984-00046143 terms of a number of people employed in
__83fBacqOc-00205-00046144-00046567 fishery and forestry
__83fBacqOc-00206-00046568-00046767 now these are a type of chlorophyll map
__83fBacqOc-00207-00046768-00046990 called a univariate chloroplast map
__83fBacqOc-00208-00046991-00047135 and which only displays a single
__83fBacqOc-00209-00047136-00047351 variable
__83fBacqOc-00210-00047352-00047479 you also get more complicated
__83fBacqOc-00211-00047480-00047662 chloroplast maps
__83fBacqOc-00212-00047663-00047830 which attempt to display two variables
__83fBacqOc-00213-00047831-00048015 at once
__83fBacqOc-00214-00048016-00048143 and that could be quite interesting
__83fBacqOc-00215-00048144-00048318 because it means you can you can display
__83fBacqOc-00216-00048319-00048590 multiple variables at the same time
__83fBacqOc-00217-00048591-00048879 so here we have the first color that map
__83fBacqOc-00218-00048880-00049127 which is showing poor health from low to
__83fBacqOc-00219-00049128-00049255 high
__83fBacqOc-00220-00049256-00049430 and a second chloroplast map which
__83fBacqOc-00221-00049431-00049646 unemployment loads are high
__83fBacqOc-00222-00049647-00049799 and we can basically combine those
__83fBacqOc-00223-00049800-00049918 together
__83fBacqOc-00224-00049919-00050046 to create a
__83fBacqOc-00225-00050047-00050183 map that shows the two variables
__83fBacqOc-00226-00050184-00050486 together so
__83fBacqOc-00227-00050487-00050655 on the bivariate map
__83fBacqOc-00228-00050656-00050807 the very pale areas are both
__83fBacqOc-00229-00050808-00051007 unemployment and poor health is low
__83fBacqOc-00230-00051008-00051214 with the dark areas where unemployment
__83fBacqOc-00231-00051215-00051423 and health is high so you can
__83fBacqOc-00232-00051424-00051599 it's it's a nice wave instead of doing
__83fBacqOc-00233-00051600-00051830 showing two separate corporate maps you
__83fBacqOc-00234-00051832-00052223 can just show a single one
__83fBacqOc-00235-00052224-00052487 so when you're creating corporate maps
__83fBacqOc-00236-00052488-00052687 there's some quite this specific
__83fBacqOc-00237-00052688-00052903 guidance which can help you
__83fBacqOc-00238-00052904-00053282 in this process
__83fBacqOc-00239-00053283-00053607 um so the thing is to choose the correct
__83fBacqOc-00240-00053608-00053815 output sentence geography you remember i
__83fBacqOc-00241-00053816-00053982 said that the sentence variables are
__83fBacqOc-00242-00053983-00054079 available at different levels of
__83fBacqOc-00243-00054079-00054303 geography
__83fBacqOc-00244-00054304-00054447 you have to standardize your sense of
__83fBacqOc-00245-00054448-00054582 variables
__83fBacqOc-00246-00054583-00054687 you have to choose an appropriate
__83fBacqOc-00247-00054688-00054847 classification method
__83fBacqOc-00248-00054848-00055094 and then choose the color ramp to
__83fBacqOc-00249-00055095-00055326 tell you how to actually
__83fBacqOc-00250-00055327-00055687 describe the data
__83fBacqOc-00251-00055688-00055823 so in choosing the output sentence
__83fBacqOc-00252-00055824-00056094 geography
__83fBacqOc-00253-00056095-00056303 you have to make you have to be um pick
__83fBacqOc-00254-00056304-00056375 the
__83fBacqOc-00255-00056376-00056542 uh what you think is most appropriate
__83fBacqOc-00256-00056544-00056959 for your data
__83fBacqOc-00257-00056960-00057142 so for example we could display the same
__83fBacqOc-00258-00057144-00057247 variable
__83fBacqOc-00259-00057248-00057438 by local authority
__83fBacqOc-00260-00057439-00057615 by medium super output areas or by
__83fBacqOc-00261-00057616-00057807 output areas
__83fBacqOc-00262-00057808-00057959 and by mapping the eyeliners at
__83fBacqOc-00263-00057960-00058094 different levels you can get different
__83fBacqOc-00264-00058095-00058399 insights
__83fBacqOc-00265-00058400-00058775 so for example patterns present at um
__83fBacqOc-00266-00058776-00058854 so
__83fBacqOc-00267-00058855-00059063 so spreads at one scale may not be
__83fBacqOc-00268-00059064-00059230 different may not be displayed at our
__83fBacqOc-00269-00059232-00059438 scales because
__83fBacqOc-00270-00059439-00059599 at the larger areas the data will
__83fBacqOc-00271-00059600-00059782 pretend to get um
__83fBacqOc-00272-00059783-00059903 smoothed
__83fBacqOc-00273-00059904-00060166 whereas now in much more high resolution
__83fBacqOc-00274-00060167-00060263 data
__83fBacqOc-00275-00060264-00060487 you might get a lot more noise so the
__83fBacqOc-00276-00060488-00060615 look authority is good for picking up
__83fBacqOc-00277-00060616-00060759 general patterns
__83fBacqOc-00278-00060760-00060950 where the output read level is a lot
__83fBacqOc-00279-00060951-00061142 more detailed allows you to drill into
__83fBacqOc-00280-00061144-00061742 detail in much finer detail
__83fBacqOc-00281-00061744-00061903 in terms of standard ideas and sentence
__83fBacqOc-00282-00061904-00062038 variables
__83fBacqOc-00283-00062039-00062287 by themselves the census data
__83fBacqOc-00284-00062288-00062542 gives you raw counts so the number of
__83fBacqOc-00285-00062544-00062687 people per output area or number of
__83fBacqOc-00286-00062688-00062919 people per county
__83fBacqOc-00287-00062920-00063079 and you can't just map it like that as
__83fBacqOc-00288-00063079-00063311 it is because the high counts will just
__83fBacqOc-00289-00063312-00063526 simply show you where the people are
__83fBacqOc-00290-00063527-00063630 instead you've got to do some sort of
__83fBacqOc-00291-00063632-00063782 standardization
__83fBacqOc-00292-00063783-00063942 so that you can compare that that area
__83fBacqOc-00293-00063944-00064135 to another part of the country in a
__83fBacqOc-00294-00064136-00064326 standard way
__83fBacqOc-00295-00064327-00064535 there are two ways you can do that
__83fBacqOc-00296-00064536-00064759 you can divide that
__83fBacqOc-00297-00064760-00064982 that that count by the area of the
__83fBacqOc-00298-00064983-00065223 actual area of the boundary
__83fBacqOc-00299-00065224-00065406 or more likely you can just you can
__83fBacqOc-00300-00065407-00065567 divide it by the total population size
__83fBacqOc-00301-00065568-00065703 of in that area
__83fBacqOc-00302-00065704-00065911 so instead of showing a raw count you're
__83fBacqOc-00303-00065912-00066055 showing proportion
__83fBacqOc-00304-00066056-00066182 instead of saying that in this sentence
__83fBacqOc-00305-00066183-00066367 there there are 500 people
__83fBacqOc-00306-00066368-00066535 you're saying that in this sense they're
__83fBacqOc-00307-00066536-00066759 15 of those people are employed in
__83fBacqOc-00308-00066760-00066911 manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00309-00066912-00067150 or are male or female or travel to work
__83fBacqOc-00310-00067151-00067382 by car or bicycle and that because it's
__83fBacqOc-00311-00067383-00067550 a standard measure you can compare other
__83fBacqOc-00312-00067551-00068150 areas
__83fBacqOc-00313-00068151-00068311 and then when when we construct a
__83fBacqOc-00314-00068312-00068463 chloroplast map
__83fBacqOc-00315-00068464-00068815 we also need to perform classification
__83fBacqOc-00316-00068816-00068999 so our raw data
__83fBacqOc-00317-00069000-00069159 might have values from three to ninety
__83fBacqOc-00318-00069160-00069279 three
__83fBacqOc-00319-00069280-00069471 but because we can't the way it is the
__83fBacqOc-00320-00069472-00069767 minute we have like a unique values
__83fBacqOc-00321-00069768-00069982 what we need to do is like um generalize
__83fBacqOc-00322-00069983-00070279 the data into data classes
__83fBacqOc-00323-00070280-00070415 so that we can like try and find the
__83fBacqOc-00324-00070416-00070606 patterns within it
__83fBacqOc-00325-00070607-00070855 so we might have five classes here
__83fBacqOc-00326-00070856-00071047 say from 3 to 20
__83fBacqOc-00327-00071048-00071223 21 to 38
__83fBacqOc-00328-00071224-00071694 39 to 56 57 to 74 or 75 plus
__83fBacqOc-00329-00071695-00071911 and what we do when we apply classes is
__83fBacqOc-00330-00071912-00072103 we decide how the data is assigned to
__83fBacqOc-00331-00072104-00072694 each of these classes
__83fBacqOc-00332-00072695-00072806 and there are different classification
__83fBacqOc-00333-00072807-00073031 methods available
__83fBacqOc-00334-00073032-00073182 some of which you'll see in the qgis
__83fBacqOc-00335-00073183-00073438 exercise which follows this talk
__83fBacqOc-00336-00073439-00073638 so for example this quantile equal
__83fBacqOc-00337-00073639-00073903 interval natural breaks or manual
__83fBacqOc-00338-00073904-00074167 and the class the pattern which
__83fBacqOc-00339-00074168-00074359 classification we choose
__83fBacqOc-00340-00074360-00074550 will cause the data to be drawn in
__83fBacqOc-00341-00074551-00075071 particular ways
__83fBacqOc-00342-00075072-00075287 so for example
__83fBacqOc-00343-00075288-00075511 i have the same data set here
__83fBacqOc-00344-00075512-00075671 and depending on the number of classes i
__83fBacqOc-00345-00075672-00075975 used to to classify the data
__83fBacqOc-00346-00075976-00076167 and the classification method i use i
__83fBacqOc-00347-00076168-00076303 can get various i can get different
__83fBacqOc-00348-00076304-00076591 sorts of maps being shown
__83fBacqOc-00349-00076592-00076735 and the point is that no class formation
__83fBacqOc-00350-00076736-00077087 classification is left is right or wrong
__83fBacqOc-00351-00077088-00077255 but the classification if you do too
__83fBacqOc-00352-00077256-00077367 should be based on the characteristics
__83fBacqOc-00353-00077368-00077543 of the data to avoid constructing
__83fBacqOc-00354-00077544-00078229 misleading maps
__83fBacqOc-00355-00078230-00078462 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00356-00078463-00078606 and then once you've done apply the
__83fBacqOc-00357-00078607-00078767 classification
__83fBacqOc-00358-00078768-00078999 we then need to apply a color ramp
__83fBacqOc-00359-00079000-00079135 which which basically tells you how the
__83fBacqOc-00360-00079136-00079343 polygons are shaded
__83fBacqOc-00361-00079344-00079519 and different color ramps
__83fBacqOc-00362-00079520-00079855 are applied to different sorts of
__83fBacqOc-00363-00079856-00080094 data so sequential
__83fBacqOc-00364-00080095-00080287 would simply be going from a low value
__83fBacqOc-00365-00080288-00080535 to a high value
__83fBacqOc-00366-00080536-00080719 and you can see there's a graduation
__83fBacqOc-00367-00080720-00080894 from light dark
__83fBacqOc-00368-00080895-00081055 diverging
__83fBacqOc-00369-00081056-00081319 would be data plus or minus
__83fBacqOc-00370-00081320-00081471 around the central
__83fBacqOc-00371-00081472-00081615 zero value
__83fBacqOc-00372-00081616-00081775 so that could be areas are increasing in
__83fBacqOc-00373-00081776-00082118 value versus decreasing value
__83fBacqOc-00374-00082119-00082287 whereas qualitative
__83fBacqOc-00375-00082288-00082526 would be non-numeric data so this could
__83fBacqOc-00376-00082527-00082718 be data that's showing
__83fBacqOc-00377-00082719-00082879 like a
__83fBacqOc-00378-00082880-00083118 um it could be land cover or it could
__83fBacqOc-00379-00083119-00083231 just be like
__83fBacqOc-00380-00083232-00083335 you could have an urban rural
__83fBacqOc-00381-00083336-00083511 classification where some polygons are
__83fBacqOc-00382-00083512-00083718 describing urban areas
__83fBacqOc-00383-00083719-00083926 and some rural areas and then in that
__83fBacqOc-00384-00083927-00084111 case it wouldn't make sense to
__83fBacqOc-00385-00084112-00084335 describe it quantitatively
__83fBacqOc-00386-00084336-00084479 you would simply describe have a
__83fBacqOc-00387-00084480-00084694 different color which is a categorical
__83fBacqOc-00388-00084695-00085006 oracle thing
__83fBacqOc-00389-00085007-00085191 so you'll get to practice all these
__83fBacqOc-00390-00085192-00085391 creating chloroplast maps in the curious
__83fBacqOc-00391-00085392-00085703 exercise that follows
__83fBacqOc-00392-00085704-00085855 but to show you what's going on i will
__83fBacqOc-00393-00085856-00086135 first run through the exercise live
__83fBacqOc-00394-00086136-00086271 and then you'll have time to do it
__83fBacqOc-00395-00086272-00086367 yourself
__83fBacqOc-00396-00086368-00086577 so
__83fBacqOc-00397-00086578-00086711 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00398-00086712-00086950 so this is the uk data service and i say
__83fBacqOc-00399-00086951-00087126 as part of this
__83fBacqOc-00400-00087127-00087462 you provide census data
__83fBacqOc-00401-00087463-00087791 and the part of the uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00402-00087792-00087967 that we're going to obtain census data
__83fBacqOc-00403-00087968-00088150 for in order to create a collaborative
__83fBacqOc-00404-00088151-00088647 map from is called infuse
__83fBacqOc-00405-00088648-00088823 and we're going to infuse provides
__83fBacqOc-00406-00088824-00089087 access both to 2011 centers data
__83fBacqOc-00407-00089088-00089318 and 2001 census data
__83fBacqOc-00408-00089319-00089535 and we're going to grab data for 2011.
__83fBacqOc-00409-00089536-00089671 so what you would do
__83fBacqOc-00410-00089672-00089838 in exercise that follows this is you go
__83fBacqOc-00411-00089839-00089982 to infuse
__83fBacqOc-00412-00089983-00090431 and click the 2011 census data box here
__83fBacqOc-00413-00090432-00090631 and when you're using infuse
__83fBacqOc-00414-00090632-00090815 there are two means of like making your
__83fBacqOc-00415-00090816-00091006 first selection of the data
__83fBacqOc-00416-00091007-00091231 you can either select by geography or by
__83fBacqOc-00417-00091232-00091359 topics
__83fBacqOc-00418-00091360-00091518 and we're going to select by geography
__83fBacqOc-00419-00091519-00092143 first so
__83fBacqOc-00420-00092144-00092271 infuse is doing a lot of work in the
__83fBacqOc-00421-00092272-00092462 background so there may be some delays
__83fBacqOc-00422-00092463-00093126 as we run through the using the service
__83fBacqOc-00423-00093127-00093350 okay so
__83fBacqOc-00424-00093351-00093543 because we selected we
__83fBacqOc-00425-00093544-00093999 want to go by geography
__83fBacqOc-00426-00094000-00094126 we've got the various geographies that
__83fBacqOc-00427-00094127-00094511 are available
__83fBacqOc-00428-00094512-00094671 so i'm going to create a map for all of
__83fBacqOc-00429-00094672-00094791 the uk
__83fBacqOc-00430-00094792-00094911 and then i'm going to
__83fBacqOc-00431-00094912-00095215 obtain census data by a local authority
__83fBacqOc-00432-00095216-00095431 so for each of england northern ireland
__83fBacqOc-00433-00095432-00095582 scotland and wales i'm going to select
__83fBacqOc-00434-00095583-00095911 local authorities
__83fBacqOc-00435-00095912-00096206 like so
__83fBacqOc-00436-00096207-00096623 so i select those and then i add them
__83fBacqOc-00437-00096624-00097453 to my i guess my shopping basket almost
__83fBacqOc-00438-00097454-00097638 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00439-00097639-00097862 and then what infuses done is gone away
__83fBacqOc-00440-00097863-00098094 and worked out what data is available at
__83fBacqOc-00441-00098095-00098255 these geographies
__83fBacqOc-00442-00098256-00098399 and you can see there's like a load of
__83fBacqOc-00443-00098400-00098679 different combinations of data here
__83fBacqOc-00444-00098680-00098903 and using these filters at left
__83fBacqOc-00445-00098904-00099094 i can constrain the sort of data that i
__83fBacqOc-00446-00099095-00099343 want to i can constrain i can limit what
__83fBacqOc-00447-00099344-00099615 data i actually want
__83fBacqOc-00448-00099616-00099871 so in my case
__83fBacqOc-00449-00099872-00100079 and i can apply multiple filters
__83fBacqOc-00450-00100080-00100303 so
__83fBacqOc-00451-00100304-00100431 let's see
__83fBacqOc-00452-00100432-00100862 i can constrain by sex
__83fBacqOc-00453-00100863-00101223 and then i can also constrain by
__83fBacqOc-00454-00101224-00101471 industry
__83fBacqOc-00455-00101472-00101582 and you can see it's dropped the number
__83fBacqOc-00456-00101583-00101847 of combinations down from about 80 just
__83fBacqOc-00457-00101848-00102551 to a single topic combination
__83fBacqOc-00458-00102552-00102718 and if i select that topic combination i
__83fBacqOc-00459-00102719-00102894 get some information about what's
__83fBacqOc-00460-00102895-00103063 available
__83fBacqOc-00461-00103064-00103206 so you can spend your time reading
__83fBacqOc-00462-00103207-00103623 through this
__83fBacqOc-00463-00103624-00103766 and within that topic i now have to
__83fBacqOc-00464-00103767-00104254 select the actual variables
__83fBacqOc-00465-00104255-00104454 so i'm interested in creating a uk map
__83fBacqOc-00466-00104455-00104582 of
__83fBacqOc-00467-00104583-00104782 i think the percentage of males and
__83fBacqOc-00468-00104783-00104919 females
__83fBacqOc-00469-00104920-00105166 employ in manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00470-00105167-00105263 so
__83fBacqOc-00471-00105264-00105439 the variables i'm going to select are
__83fBacqOc-00472-00105440-00106151 age 16 to 74.
__83fBacqOc-00473-00106152-00106383 i want total industry
__83fBacqOc-00474-00106383-00106527 and manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00475-00106528-00106727 i need total industry because i want to
__83fBacqOc-00476-00106728-00106863 use that as a
__83fBacqOc-00477-00106864-00107102 when i'm doing my um standardization of
__83fBacqOc-00478-00107103-00107327 manufacturing so that i can show my
__83fBacqOc-00479-00107328-00107583 manufacturing as a percentage of total
__83fBacqOc-00480-00107583-00107863 employment
__83fBacqOc-00481-00107864-00108134 and i want both males and females
__83fBacqOc-00482-00108135-00108447 so
__83fBacqOc-00483-00108448-00109151 so you see i grabbed four variables here
__83fBacqOc-00484-00109152-00109366 and so infuse is ready so at this point
__83fBacqOc-00485-00109367-00109607 i can click get to the data
__83fBacqOc-00486-00109608-00109854 and infuse will go away and pull that
__83fBacqOc-00487-00109855-00110175 data out for me
__83fBacqOc-00488-00110176-00110975 and let me just download it
__83fBacqOc-00489-00110976-00111199 so it comes as a zip file
__83fBacqOc-00490-00111200-00111415 which i can
__83fBacqOc-00491-00111416-00112007 extract
__83fBacqOc-00492-00112008-00112199 and within the zip file you basically
__83fBacqOc-00493-00112200-00112502 get free individual files
__83fBacqOc-00494-00112503-00112710 you get citations which i think just
__83fBacqOc-00495-00112711-00112919 describe provides copyright statements
__83fBacqOc-00496-00112920-00113063 you have to use if you want to use the
__83fBacqOc-00497-00113064-00113223 data
__83fBacqOc-00498-00113224-00113390 you get meta
__83fBacqOc-00499-00113391-00113607 which describes the actual variables and
__83fBacqOc-00500-00113608-00113815 i guess the units they use
__83fBacqOc-00501-00113816-00114078 and the data itself is this csv file
__83fBacqOc-00502-00114079-00114327 called the data
__83fBacqOc-00503-00114328-00114702 age ecoact intersex unit
__83fBacqOc-00504-00114703-00114966 and if i open this in libreoffice so if
__83fBacqOc-00505-00114967-00115383 you're using windows you can use excel
__83fBacqOc-00506-00115383-00115527 you can see what the data looks like has
__83fBacqOc-00507-00115528-00115902 come from infuse
__83fBacqOc-00508-00115903-00116119 before i use this in qgis
__83fBacqOc-00509-00116120-00116247 i need to do some cleaning up and
__83fBacqOc-00510-00116248-00116583 tidying up all the data
__83fBacqOc-00511-00116583-00116734 so the first thing i do you can see
__83fBacqOc-00512-00116735-00117047 infuses created this strange line here
__83fBacqOc-00513-00117048-00117286 where there's like null entries
__83fBacqOc-00514-00117288-00117399 so i'm just going to get rid of this
__83fBacqOc-00515-00117400-00117990 line
__83fBacqOc-00516-00117991-00118999 i'm going to tidy up some of the columns
__83fBacqOc-00517-00119000-00119151 i'm just going to rename these columns
__83fBacqOc-00518-00119152-00119310 here
__83fBacqOc-00519-00119311-00119495 so
__83fBacqOc-00520-00119496-00120071 i just have to refer to my notes so
__83fBacqOc-00521-00120072-00120278 so this column
__83fBacqOc-00522-00120279-00120614 is the total number of males within this
__83fBacqOc-00523-00120615-00121054 local authority
__83fBacqOc-00524-00121055-00121214 this column is the total number of
__83fBacqOc-00525-00121215-00122047 females
__83fBacqOc-00526-00122048-00122263 and then these columns
__83fBacqOc-00527-00122264-00122375 are the
__83fBacqOc-00528-00122376-00122543 males or females employed in
__83fBacqOc-00529-00122544-00122727 manufacturing so i'll just rename them
__83fBacqOc-00530-00122728-00122983 to something more
__83fBacqOc-00531-00122983-00123295 memorable
__83fBacqOc-00532-00123296-00123807 male 1
__83fBacqOc-00533-00123808-00124231 male manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00534-00124232-00125105 and the female life actually oops
__83fBacqOc-00535-00125106-00125854 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00536-00125855-00126023 and what we want to do now
__83fBacqOc-00537-00126024-00126190 we want to create going to standardize
__83fBacqOc-00538-00126191-00126399 our data so rather than in our map queue
__83fBacqOc-00539-00126400-00126678 just just showing this raw
__83fBacqOc-00540-00126679-00126854 a male manufacturing value of one nine
__83fBacqOc-00541-00126855-00126983 two one two
__83fBacqOc-00542-00126983-00127166 you want to show that as a percentage of
__83fBacqOc-00543-00127167-00127278 all males
__83fBacqOc-00544-00127279-00127399 so we have to do like a simple
__83fBacqOc-00545-00127400-00127534 calculation
__83fBacqOc-00546-00127535-00127734 in our spreadsheet here
__83fBacqOc-00547-00127735-00129823 so
__83fBacqOc-00548-00129824-00130119 that's more likely okay
__83fBacqOc-00549-00130120-00131295 and let me just give this a name
__83fBacqOc-00551-00134336-00134687 next
__83fBacqOc-00553-00138552-00138727 yep and then i can apply that to all the
__83fBacqOc-00554-00138728-00139574 cells
__83fBacqOc-00555-00139575-00139799 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00556-00139800-00141414 and do likewise for female
__83fBacqOc-00557-00141415-00142190 now i just save my data now
__83fBacqOc-00558-00142191-00142366 and i can check what it looks like in
__83fBacqOc-00559-00142367-00142943 the actual csv
__83fBacqOc-00560-00142944-00143111 and you can see that the
__83fBacqOc-00561-00143112-00143302 numeric data looks fine we have this
__83fBacqOc-00562-00143303-00143463 problem with some of the
__83fBacqOc-00563-00143464-00143647 the geo code which in our case is the
__83fBacqOc-00564-00143648-00143814 geographic identifier
__83fBacqOc-00565-00143815-00143983 and you can see the way that infuses
__83fBacqOc-00566-00143984-00144071 worked
__83fBacqOc-00567-00144072-00144254 it's inserted trailing spaces to the
__83fBacqOc-00568-00144255-00144487 northern ireland geo ids
__83fBacqOc-00569-00144488-00144687 so we try to use this in qgis it will
__83fBacqOc-00570-00144688-00144831 create problems
__83fBacqOc-00571-00144832-00145047 so we have to go back into the data in
__83fBacqOc-00572-00145048-00145823 excel or libreoffice and correct these
__83fBacqOc-00573-00145824-00145959 so what i'm going to do is i'm just
__83fBacqOc-00574-00145960-00146231 going to simply trim these
__83fBacqOc-00575-00146232-00146502 northern ireland gyds to strip off that
__83fBacqOc-00576-00146503-00147439 at that white space
__83fBacqOc-00577-00147440-00147647 i need to apply this to the first 27
__83fBacqOc-00578-00147648-00148199 rows
__83fBacqOc-00579-00148200-00148463 so i'll just copy that and paste it back
__83fBacqOc-00581-00151624-00153254 um
__83fBacqOc-00582-00153255-00153383 okay
__83fBacqOc-00583-00153384-00153607 sorry about that
__83fBacqOc-00584-00153608-00153823 i don't often use excel
__83fBacqOc-00585-00153824-00154326 for data analysis so
__83fBacqOc-00586-00154327-00154566 hopefully that's okay let me just check
__83fBacqOc-00587-00154567-00155078 it in a wordpress
__83fBacqOc-00588-00155079-00155343 yes that looks correct great so
__83fBacqOc-00589-00155344-00155526 we've grabbed data from infuse and we've
__83fBacqOc-00590-00155527-00155702 done some preparation on it
__83fBacqOc-00591-00155703-00155878 so it's now ready for us to go to map
__83fBacqOc-00592-00155879-00156407 being curious
__83fBacqOc-00593-00156408-00156614 so we've got the csv data that censors
__83fBacqOc-00594-00156615-00156743 data
__83fBacqOc-00595-00156744-00156902 we now need to get actual boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00596-00156903-00157119 that we're going to create our map from
__83fBacqOc-00597-00157120-00157231 and that's available from a different
__83fBacqOc-00598-00157232-00157511 part of the uk data service called
__83fBacqOc-00599-00157512-00157663 um
__83fBacqOc-00600-00157664-00157818 let's look here so
__83fBacqOc-00601-00157819-00157975 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00602-00157976-00158432 uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00603-00158433-00158895 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00604-00158896-00159559 and if i scroll down to the bottom here
__83fBacqOc-00605-00159560-00159887 find data
__83fBacqOc-00606-00159888-00160023 you want to
__83fBacqOc-00607-00160024-00160447 browse and access data i think yep
__83fBacqOc-00608-00160448-00160607 you have to scroll to the bottom here to
__83fBacqOc-00609-00160608-00160975 find browse open census data yep
__83fBacqOc-00610-00160976-00161407 you want sentence boundary data
__83fBacqOc-00611-00161408-00161614 this will take us to burn data selector
__83fBacqOc-00612-00161615-00161783 what we actually want is easy download
__83fBacqOc-00613-00161784-00162023 so
__83fBacqOc-00614-00162024-00162223 we want to grab some data
__83fBacqOc-00615-00162224-00162399 that matches to infuse
__83fBacqOc-00616-00162400-00162702 so we go to this tab here
__83fBacqOc-00617-00162703-00162911 and we want to grab some local
__83fBacqOc-00618-00162912-00163102 authorities
__83fBacqOc-00619-00163103-00163302 this is all explained in the pdf you use
__83fBacqOc-00620-00163303-00163454 in a bit
__83fBacqOc-00621-00163455-00163623 and you want to download the features in
__83fBacqOc-00622-00163624-00164502 shapefile format
__83fBacqOc-00623-00164503-00165838 so if i look at downloaded data
__83fBacqOc-00624-00165839-00166214 and let me just open qgis
__83fBacqOc-00625-00166215-00166631 so qgis is a desktop gis
__83fBacqOc-00626-00166632-00166807 if you never use the gis before it might
__83fBacqOc-00627-00166808-00167078 seem overwhelming but could just
__83fBacqOc-00628-00167079-00167190 um
__83fBacqOc-00629-00167191-00167359 the notes we've given you will
__83fBacqOc-00630-00167360-00167726 try and help you use it
__83fBacqOc-00631-00167727-00167831 the first thing you have to do when you
__83fBacqOc-00632-00167832-00168083 use qgis is
__83fBacqOc-00633-00168084-00168407 to um geographic data is providing
__83fBacqOc-00634-00168408-00168663 different um reference systems
__83fBacqOc-00635-00168664-00168759 because it has to describe different
__83fBacqOc-00636-00168760-00168959 parts of the world
__83fBacqOc-00637-00168960-00169095 um
__83fBacqOc-00638-00169096-00169326 by default qgis will default to showing
__83fBacqOc-00639-00169327-00169431 data
__83fBacqOc-00640-00169432-00169735 in that long and using a global
__83fBacqOc-00641-00169736-00169911 projection
__83fBacqOc-00642-00169912-00170007 code
__83fBacqOc-00643-00170008-00170183 so we first have to change this so they
__83fBacqOc-00644-00170184-00170375 use the british national grid
__83fBacqOc-00645-00170376-00170535 which all data within the uk data
__83fBacqOc-00646-00170536-00170975 service is provided in
__83fBacqOc-00647-00170976-00171135 so this explains your notes so you
__83fBacqOc-00648-00171136-00171599 basically
__83fBacqOc-00649-00171600-00171799 you'll go to the bottom here
__83fBacqOc-00650-00171800-00171990 click this button
__83fBacqOc-00651-00171991-00172214 and pick british natural grid
__83fBacqOc-00652-00172215-00172463 and apply and okay
__83fBacqOc-00653-00172464-00172599 and you can see that it's changed from
__83fBacqOc-00654-00172600-00173038 4506 to 2700
__83fBacqOc-00655-00173039-00173214 and then we can now add that vector
__83fBacqOc-00656-00173215-00173407 shape file which we downloaded from uk
__83fBacqOc-00657-00173408-00173623 data servers
__83fBacqOc-00658-00173624-00173838 so that this button here
__83fBacqOc-00659-00173839-00174095 is called the data source manager
__83fBacqOc-00660-00174096-00174254 and this is the button you always use to
__83fBacqOc-00661-00174255-00174438 add data to qgis
__83fBacqOc-00662-00174439-00174775 it could be a shape file or a csv file
__83fBacqOc-00663-00174776-00174854 so
__83fBacqOc-00664-00174855-00175302 i'll open the data source manager
__83fBacqOc-00665-00175303-00175431 at the left here are different types of
__83fBacqOc-00666-00175432-00175638 data you can add so i want to add vector
__83fBacqOc-00667-00175639-00175878 data so i click vector
__83fBacqOc-00668-00175879-00176111 and i use the two arrows here to choose
__83fBacqOc-00669-00176112-00176483 my data
__83fBacqOc-00670-00176484-00176759 set so it was that infused this layer
__83fBacqOc-00671-00176760-00176847 clipped
__83fBacqOc-00672-00176848-00177071 so i just open
__83fBacqOc-00673-00177072-00177254 add
__83fBacqOc-00674-00177255-00177447 and you can see these are the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00675-00177448-00177735 that have been added to qgis from
__83fBacqOc-00676-00177736-00178031 the uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00677-00178032-00178278 and we now to add our csv file so again
__83fBacqOc-00678-00178279-00179071 we use the data source manager
__83fBacqOc-00679-00179072-00179335 so back into that folder select our data
__83fBacqOc-00680-00179336-00179614 csv
__83fBacqOc-00681-00179615-00179790 and you can see that qgis provides a
__83fBacqOc-00682-00179791-00179999 preview of what that data looks like at
__83fBacqOc-00683-00180000-00180151 the bottom here
__83fBacqOc-00684-00180152-00180319 and you can see it's got our
__83fBacqOc-00685-00180320-00180511 our new columns we created in excel our
__83fBacqOc-00686-00180512-00180831 library office
__83fBacqOc-00687-00180832-00180975 when you do this you have to make sure
__83fBacqOc-00688-00180976-00181159 that under generated definition it's set
__83fBacqOc-00689-00181160-00181375 to no geometry
__83fBacqOc-00690-00181376-00181495 because otherwise curious will try and
__83fBacqOc-00691-00181496-00181671 create like a point and it won't find
__83fBacqOc-00692-00181672-00181854 any coordinates so that won't work
__83fBacqOc-00693-00181855-00182014 properly
__83fBacqOc-00694-00182015-00182254 so we just add
__83fBacqOc-00695-00182255-00182478 and then close and we can open that data
__83fBacqOc-00696-00182479-00182654 there
__83fBacqOc-00697-00182655-00182799 so you can see we've got the same data
__83fBacqOc-00698-00182800-00183199 we had from excel or libreoffice in qgis
__83fBacqOc-00699-00183200-00183438 and what we now have to do is join that
__83fBacqOc-00700-00183439-00183711 data of sense statistics to the center's
__83fBacqOc-00701-00183712-00183911 boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00702-00183912-00184054 and we can do this by using a thing
__83fBacqOc-00703-00184055-00184287 called join so we would double click the
__83fBacqOc-00704-00184288-00184511 layer
__83fBacqOc-00705-00184512-00184711 go to joins at left
__83fBacqOc-00706-00184712-00184887 and click we want to create a new join
__83fBacqOc-00707-00184888-00185207 so click the add green button
__83fBacqOc-00708-00185208-00185447 because i've only got one csv that file
__83fBacqOc-00709-00185448-00185559 loaded
__83fBacqOc-00710-00185560-00185726 it's been added automatically to the top
__83fBacqOc-00711-00185727-00185950 box here if you add more than one you
__83fBacqOc-00712-00185951-00186095 have to pick which one to use but
__83fBacqOc-00713-00186096-00186278 because we only have one we only have
__83fBacqOc-00714-00186279-00186599 one choice we now have to specify
__83fBacqOc-00715-00186600-00186831 which field within the csv file contains
__83fBacqOc-00716-00186832-00187014 the georgia identifier
__83fBacqOc-00717-00187015-00187166 and which field when the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00718-00187167-00187414 contain the geography identifier which
__83fBacqOc-00719-00187415-00187854 qgis will use to relate the two tables
__83fBacqOc-00720-00187855-00188054 so in the case of us
__83fBacqOc-00721-00188055-00188287 in the set it's the geocode
__83fBacqOc-00722-00188288-00188566 in the csv data
__83fBacqOc-00723-00188567-00189047 and again the geocode and the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00724-00189048-00189119 so
__83fBacqOc-00725-00189120-00189366 we apply that
__83fBacqOc-00726-00189367-00189471 and now
__83fBacqOc-00727-00189472-00189631 if i open the attribute table of the
__83fBacqOc-00728-00189632-00189831 shapefile
__83fBacqOc-00729-00189832-00189975 you can see that our data from the
__83fBacqOc-00730-00189976-00190199 census stats has been joined to the
__83fBacqOc-00731-00190200-00190526 boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00732-00190527-00190671 and in fact i can click on any of the
__83fBacqOc-00733-00190672-00190999 polygons
__83fBacqOc-00734-00191000-00191254 and i can see the proportion of males or
__83fBacqOc-00735-00191255-00191999 females within that area
__83fBacqOc-00736-00192000-00192150 so what we now need to do is create a
__83fBacqOc-00737-00192151-00192350 crawl depth map
__83fBacqOc-00738-00192351-00192543 using our now
__83fBacqOc-00739-00192544-00192783 center stats join to the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00740-00192784-00193087 and to do this double click
__83fBacqOc-00741-00193088-00193283 from left choose
__83fBacqOc-00742-00193284-00193543 symbology are from top
__83fBacqOc-00743-00193544-00193735 pick graduated
__83fBacqOc-00744-00193736-00193983 and we have to show that we have to pick
__83fBacqOc-00745-00193984-00194159 which variable we want to display as our
__83fBacqOc-00746-00194160-00194478 crawl left map
__83fBacqOc-00747-00194479-00194678 so let's say i want to show
__83fBacqOc-00748-00194679-00194863 the proportion of males employed in
__83fBacqOc-00749-00194864-00195159 manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00750-00195160-00195383 and then we click the classify button
__83fBacqOc-00751-00195384-00195471 and like i was saying in the
__83fBacqOc-00752-00195472-00195719 presentation we have to we have to pick
__83fBacqOc-00753-00195720-00196007 the classification method we want to use
__83fBacqOc-00754-00196008-00196150 so i'm going to go for natural break
__83fBacqOc-00755-00196151-00196271 jenks
__83fBacqOc-00756-00196272-00196399 and as i said in the slides you also
__83fBacqOc-00757-00196400-00196695 have to decide what color amp to apply
__83fBacqOc-00758-00196696-00196814 so
__83fBacqOc-00759-00196815-00197038 i'm going to show them in green
__83fBacqOc-00760-00197039-00197254 from low to high value
__83fBacqOc-00761-00197255-00197550 and click the apply button
__83fBacqOc-00762-00197551-00197743 and we have a chlorofluff map of our
__83fBacqOc-00763-00197744-00198047 data
__83fBacqOc-00764-00198048-00198150 so
__83fBacqOc-00765-00198151-00198343 so low values of green or white or where
__83fBacqOc-00766-00198344-00198511 there's low proportion of the male
__83fBacqOc-00767-00198512-00198854 population employee manufacturing
__83fBacqOc-00768-00198855-00199166 dark areas or whether it's a lot higher
__83fBacqOc-00769-00199167-00199566 so you can pick out um
__83fBacqOc-00770-00199567-00199807 around the areas of newport and wales
__83fBacqOc-00771-00199808-00199999 which is like the steel mills
__83fBacqOc-00772-00200000-00200295 um the north of england
__83fBacqOc-00773-00200296-00200543 so manufacturing and you'll see a lot
__83fBacqOc-00774-00200544-00200711 lower in london where there's people
__83fBacqOc-00775-00200712-00200926 that tend to be more employed
__83fBacqOc-00776-00200927-00201463 in service sectors
__83fBacqOc-00777-00201464-00201838 i'm within qgis
__83fBacqOc-00778-00201839-00202031 there's loads of other stuff you can do
__83fBacqOc-00779-00202032-00202199 in the document
__83fBacqOc-00780-00202200-00202407 you can actually create a print map
__83fBacqOc-00781-00202408-00202783 layout which the pdf will describe
__83fBacqOc-00782-00202784-00203111 so
__83fBacqOc-00783-00203112-00203343 i'm going to stop demoing qgis for now
__83fBacqOc-00784-00203344-00203511 and hand over to you for you to go
__83fBacqOc-00785-00203512-00203654 through the workbook
__83fBacqOc-00786-00203655-00203895 for until three o'clock
__83fBacqOc-00787-00203896-00204047 when i then will talk again about using
__83fBacqOc-00788-00204048-00204247 cartograms and i've got another short
__83fBacqOc-00789-00204248-00204390 presentation where i'm going to talk
__83fBacqOc-00790-00204391-00204663 about creating cartograms and flow maps
__83fBacqOc-00791-00204664-00204799 and after this there will be a third
__83fBacqOc-00792-00204800-00204966 accused exercise
__83fBacqOc-00793-00204967-00205079 where you'll be able to create a
__83fBacqOc-00794-00205080-00205223 cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00795-00205223-00205919 so other than chloroplast maps
__83fBacqOc-00796-00205919-00206110 two other forms of geographical
__83fBacqOc-00797-00206111-00206310 visualization commonly made using sensor
__83fBacqOc-00798-00206311-00206806 data are cartograms and flow maps
__83fBacqOc-00799-00206807-00207031 so a cartogram is a special form of map
__83fBacqOc-00800-00207032-00207166 projection
__83fBacqOc-00801-00207167-00207375 where the polygons are air are drawn in
__83fBacqOc-00802-00207376-00207590 proportion to the variable maps rather
__83fBacqOc-00803-00207591-00207855 than the land area of the polygon
__83fBacqOc-00804-00207856-00207990 so you can see
__83fBacqOc-00805-00207991-00208175 on the top here we've got three
__83fBacqOc-00806-00208176-00208406 different types of cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00807-00208407-00208638 if a non-contiguous cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00808-00208639-00208831 a contiguous cargogram on a darling
__83fBacqOc-00809-00208832-00208982 cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00810-00208983-00209175 and you can see that the
__83fBacqOc-00811-00209176-00209390 the boundaries have been distorted
__83fBacqOc-00812-00209391-00209614 according to an actual variable
__83fBacqOc-00813-00209615-00209879 rather than being just based on the
__83fBacqOc-00814-00209880-00210494 geographic extent
__83fBacqOc-00815-00210496-00210782 i mean cartrans are great for like
__83fBacqOc-00816-00210783-00211031 oh excuse me i'm just gonna have to
__83fBacqOc-00817-00211032-00211239 cartegrands are great because they mean
__83fBacqOc-00818-00211240-00211479 if you have a qualified map of scotland
__83fBacqOc-00819-00211480-00211639 you could have data shown for glasgow
__83fBacqOc-00820-00211640-00211942 edinburgh which occupy quite small areas
__83fBacqOc-00821-00211944-00212087 and they tend to get lost within the
__83fBacqOc-00822-00212088-00212375 bigger lot of urban or
__83fBacqOc-00823-00212376-00212479 the
__83fBacqOc-00824-00212480-00212694 country areas
__83fBacqOc-00825-00212696-00212871 they tend to get hidden and you might
__83fBacqOc-00826-00212871-00213103 draw false conclusions from the map
__83fBacqOc-00827-00213104-00213279 but using our cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00828-00213280-00213494 we would distort the polygons based on
__83fBacqOc-00829-00213496-00213782 the variable
__83fBacqOc-00830-00213783-00214191 excuse me
__83fBacqOc-00831-00214192-00214367 you can see different patterns
__83fBacqOc-00832-00214367-00214606 which is really quite interesting
__83fBacqOc-00833-00214607-00214727 and there's sort of different types of
__83fBacqOc-00834-00214728-00215206 cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00835-00215207-00215398 and cartograms feature quite um
__83fBacqOc-00836-00215400-00215758 extensively in the wild so to speak
__83fBacqOc-00837-00215759-00215934 um they were shown quite a lot in the
__83fBacqOc-00838-00215935-00216094 guardian as part of their brexit
__83fBacqOc-00839-00216096-00216255 reporting
__83fBacqOc-00840-00216256-00216503 um so you get a cache down like this and
__83fBacqOc-00841-00216504-00216663 you can see that although scotland
__83fBacqOc-00842-00216664-00216958 occupies quite a large graphic area
__83fBacqOc-00843-00216959-00217094 um the actual number of people in there
__83fBacqOc-00844-00217096-00217431 is quite small um whereas london
__83fBacqOc-00845-00217432-00217767 occupies a relatively s sorry yeah so
__83fBacqOc-00846-00217767-00217903 london has a lot more people living
__83fBacqOc-00847-00217904-00218134 there than a much smaller area so when
__83fBacqOc-00848-00218135-00218334 you distort the polygons
__83fBacqOc-00849-00218335-00218758 by the population they tend to swell up
__83fBacqOc-00850-00218759-00218863 and
__83fBacqOc-00851-00218864-00219079 cartograms there's an entire book
__83fBacqOc-00852-00219080-00219287 written by danny darling who's like a
__83fBacqOc-00853-00219288-00219534 prominent census person
__83fBacqOc-00854-00219535-00219606 which
__83fBacqOc-00855-00219607-00219782 intel uses cartograms rather than
__83fBacqOc-00856-00219783-00220142 chloroplast maps to depict census data
__83fBacqOc-00857-00220144-00220375 it's a really cool book there's like
__83fBacqOc-00858-00220376-00220519 each chapter goes through a different
__83fBacqOc-00859-00220519-00220798 sort of type of census data
__83fBacqOc-00860-00220800-00220903 um
__83fBacqOc-00861-00220904-00221015 and it's full of these wonderful
__83fBacqOc-00862-00221016-00221142 cartograms
__83fBacqOc-00863-00221144-00221382 in the qgis exercise it follows this
__83fBacqOc-00864-00221383-00221503 you'll have the opportunity to create
__83fBacqOc-00865-00221504-00221582 your own
__83fBacqOc-00866-00221583-00222375 cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00867-00222376-00222463 so
__83fBacqOc-00868-00222464-00222751 yeah
__83fBacqOc-00869-00222752-00222942 what you'll be creating in the huge
__83fBacqOc-00870-00222944-00223215 exercise is a contiguous cartogram of
__83fBacqOc-00871-00223216-00223439 this sort of like on the right here
__83fBacqOc-00872-00223440-00223687 where you distort the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00873-00223688-00223855 and you'll basically
__83fBacqOc-00874-00223856-00224087 just yeah the
__83fBacqOc-00875-00224088-00224263 you distort the polygons according to
__83fBacqOc-00876-00224264-00224455 some variable
__83fBacqOc-00877-00224456-00224598 which is quite cool
__83fBacqOc-00878-00224600-00224831 so
__83fBacqOc-00879-00224832-00225046 another type of census data
__83fBacqOc-00880-00225048-00225319 is sent as flow data
__83fBacqOc-00881-00225319-00225494 um
__83fBacqOc-00882-00225496-00225710 and what sensors flow data is based on a
__83fBacqOc-00883-00225711-00225927 question-and-sense form which asks
__83fBacqOc-00884-00225928-00226063 people for the address of their place of
__83fBacqOc-00885-00226064-00226305 work
__83fBacqOc-00886-00226306-00226710 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-00887-00226711-00226967 so what you end up with is a data like
__83fBacqOc-00888-00226967-00227182 this or table here
__83fBacqOc-00889-00227183-00227398 so down the
__83fBacqOc-00890-00227400-00227582 left hand side
__83fBacqOc-00891-00227583-00227831 you have what we've got one two three
__83fBacqOc-00892-00227832-00228031 four seven different um
__83fBacqOc-00893-00228032-00228134 regions
__83fBacqOc-00894-00228135-00228382 and along the top we have the same seven
__83fBacqOc-00895-00228383-00228646 and it basically depicts the
__83fBacqOc-00896-00228648-00228894 migration flow between each of the
__83fBacqOc-00897-00228896-00229182 polygons the the region sorry
__83fBacqOc-00898-00229183-00229327 so between say north rumble in the
__83fBacqOc-00899-00229328-00229463 county durham
__83fBacqOc-00900-00229464-00229646 north from the newcastle bantam
__83fBacqOc-00901-00229648-00230198 northumberland gatehead
__83fBacqOc-00902-00230200-00230367 and this is quite useful
__83fBacqOc-00903-00230367-00230839 for planning purposes
__83fBacqOc-00904-00230840-00230982 and this data is available through the
__83fBacqOc-00905-00230983-00231239 wicked part of
__83fBacqOc-00906-00231240-00231487 the uk data service
__83fBacqOc-00907-00231488-00231631 and the sort of visualizations you can
__83fBacqOc-00908-00231632-00231863 create from that data tend to be these
__83fBacqOc-00909-00231864-00232055 flow maps
__83fBacqOc-00910-00232056-00232271 so
__83fBacqOc-00911-00232271-00232463 what i've got is an example left here of
__83fBacqOc-00912-00232464-00232751 the uk and this is showing the migration
__83fBacqOc-00913-00232752-00233031 i think it's not migration it's the
__83fBacqOc-00914-00233032-00233223 place of work
__83fBacqOc-00915-00233223-00233446 um between edinburgh and the rest of the
__83fBacqOc-00916-00233448-00233727 uk this is probably pre-pandemic
__83fBacqOc-00917-00233728-00233879 so you can see there's large flows from
__83fBacqOc-00918-00233880-00234063 like edinburgh down to london which is
__83fBacqOc-00919-00234064-00234175 probably the
__83fBacqOc-00920-00234176-00234358 people who tend to like commute from
__83fBacqOc-00921-00234359-00234510 edinburgh to london
__83fBacqOc-00922-00234511-00234663 on sort of
__83fBacqOc-00923-00234664-00234831 monday and friday to work in the city of
__83fBacqOc-00924-00234832-00235046 london and they go back
__83fBacqOc-00925-00235048-00235342 to edinburgh at the end of the week
__83fBacqOc-00926-00235344-00235519 um it's a simple sort of diagram here
__83fBacqOc-00927-00235519-00235727 you can create in qgis
__83fBacqOc-00928-00235728-00235958 and people have created more
__83fBacqOc-00929-00235959-00236142 wizzy sort of
__83fBacqOc-00930-00236144-00236334 type flow maps
__83fBacqOc-00931-00236335-00236655 using sort of cool styling and stuff
__83fBacqOc-00932-00236656-00236871 alternative is the notch that boundaries
__83fBacqOc-00933-00236871-00237046 at all and creates thing called chord
__83fBacqOc-00934-00237048-00237191 diagrams
__83fBacqOc-00935-00237192-00237382 which basically just like
__83fBacqOc-00936-00237383-00237751 they map um an origin to a destination
__83fBacqOc-00937-00237752-00238063 um i think this is like from the us
__83fBacqOc-00938-00238064-00238198 so it's showing the flows from saying
__83fBacqOc-00939-00238200-00238479 new york to california
__83fBacqOc-00940-00238480-00238663 and the width of the actual what they
__83fBacqOc-00941-00238664-00238831 call chords
__83fBacqOc-00942-00238832-00239039 uh depicts how much flow that actually
__83fBacqOc-00943-00239040-00239127 is
__83fBacqOc-00944-00239128-00239294 and that's like an interesting way of
__83fBacqOc-00945-00239296-00239623 showing full data about using a map in
__83fBacqOc-00946-00239623-00240063 some ways can be more powerful
__83fBacqOc-00947-00240064-00240351 so we have an exercise now in qgis where
__83fBacqOc-00948-00240352-00240655 you create a cartogram
__83fBacqOc-00949-00240656-00240863 and again i'll do a first run through
__83fBacqOc-00950-00240864-00241215 the exercise on my own machine
__83fBacqOc-00951-00241216-00241415 and then we'll give you 20 minutes to do
__83fBacqOc-00952-00241416-00241639 it yourself so
__83fBacqOc-00953-00241640-00241782 let me just
__83fBacqOc-00954-00241783-00242055 again do some screen swapping
__83fBacqOc-00955-00242056-00242558 so bear with me again
__83fBacqOc-00956-00242559-00242823 and for this exercise
__83fBacqOc-00957-00242823-00242967 we're not going to download data from
__83fBacqOc-00958-00242967-00243071 the web
__83fBacqOc-00959-00243071-00243239 we're going to use data that's been
__83fBacqOc-00960-00243240-00243439 prepared beforehand
__83fBacqOc-00961-00243440-00243727 and that is available in the
__83fBacqOc-00962-00243728-00243894 zip file which you can send a link to
__83fBacqOc-00963-00243896-00243998 and which will provide a link to
__83fBacqOc-00964-00244000-00244367 afterwards so just bear with me
__83fBacqOc-00965-00244367-00244542 i've already downloaded that that
__83fBacqOc-00966-00244544-00244767 document
__83fBacqOc-00967-00244767-00244942 the zip file into my
__83fBacqOc-00968-00244944-00245223 desktop
__83fBacqOc-00969-00245223-00245391 so if you've downloaded that data you'll
__83fBacqOc-00970-00245392-00245551 see the contents you've got the
__83fBacqOc-00971-00245552-00245703 workbooks
__83fBacqOc-00972-00245704-00245982 and this census trading data folder
__83fBacqOc-00973-00245983-00246206 within that center stream data folder
__83fBacqOc-00974-00246207-00246542 are four different subfolders
__83fBacqOc-00975-00246544-00246782 um the cartogram chloroplast and tableau
__83fBacqOc-00976-00246783-00246919 we'll be using the tablet one later on
__83fBacqOc-00977-00246919-00247223 as well so for now the cartogram one
__83fBacqOc-00978-00247223-00247510 contains census data for leads
__83fBacqOc-00979-00247511-00247791 at the middle super output error level
__83fBacqOc-00980-00247792-00248015 and it contains a shapefile plus a csv
__83fBacqOc-00981-00248016-00248206 file
__83fBacqOc-00982-00248207-00248334 so like we did in the chloroplast
__83fBacqOc-00983-00248335-00248455 exercise
__83fBacqOc-00984-00248456-00248758 we'll open the shapefile in qgis
__83fBacqOc-00985-00248759-00248951 and then we'll add the csv file and join
__83fBacqOc-00986-00248952-00249119 the two together
__83fBacqOc-00987-00249119-00249198 and then we'll create some
__83fBacqOc-00988-00249200-00249439 visualizations so let me just open qgis
__83fBacqOc-00989-00249440-00249894 first
__83fBacqOc-00990-00249896-00250230 again so kudos is open
__83fBacqOc-00991-00250231-00250542 just check
__83fBacqOc-00992-00250544-00250694 again we have to set the projection to
__83fBacqOc-00993-00250696-00251351 the british national grid
__83fBacqOc-00994-00251352-00251630 and same drill as before
__83fBacqOc-00995-00251631-00251823 use the data connector to add the
__83fBacqOc-00996-00251823-00252030 shapefile
__83fBacqOc-00997-00252031-00253471 this time from the pre-downloaded data
__83fBacqOc-00998-00253471-00253671 so here we've got middle layer super
__83fBacqOc-00999-00253671-00254103 help areas for leads
__83fBacqOc-01000-00254104-00254342 and just add the csv file
__83fBacqOc-01001-00254344-00254863 again from the pre-downloaded data
__83fBacqOc-01002-00254864-00255630 checking what geometry defined
__83fBacqOc-01003-00255631-00255839 and again same draws before we have to
__83fBacqOc-01004-00255840-00256127 join the data so
__83fBacqOc-01005-00256128-00257351 this is all explained in the workbook
__83fBacqOc-01006-00257352-00257519 so i can just check the attribute table
__83fBacqOc-01007-00257519-00257751 and you can see we've joined
__83fBacqOc-01008-00257752-00258310 a sense of stats to the boundaries
__83fBacqOc-01009-00258311-00258646 this data actually shows
__83fBacqOc-01010-00258648-00258846 its tenure or
__83fBacqOc-01011-00258848-00259134 by household so it basically displays
__83fBacqOc-01012-00259135-00259423 what people are are privately renting
__83fBacqOc-01013-00259423-00259606 which people have mortgages or which
__83fBacqOc-01014-00259607-00259751 people are renting and local authorities
__83fBacqOc-01015-00259752-00260094 and stuff
__83fBacqOc-01016-00260096-00260230 and we can do what we did before and
__83fBacqOc-01017-00260231-00260782 create a corporate map to start with so
__83fBacqOc-01018-00260783-00260942 so i want to show the percentage by
__83fBacqOc-01019-00260944-00261017 private renting
__83fBacqOc-01020-00261017-00261375 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-01021-00261376-00261503 i'll just go with my natural breaks
__83fBacqOc-01022-00261504-00261710 again and
__83fBacqOc-01023-00261711-00262110 green
__83fBacqOc-01024-00262111-00262247 and you see the problem we've got like
__83fBacqOc-01025-00262248-00262334 our
__83fBacqOc-01026-00262335-00262558 small polygons on city centers which
__83fBacqOc-01027-00262559-00262703 which tend to get mixed by the elder
__83fBacqOc-01028-00262704-00262879 polynomials
__83fBacqOc-01029-00262880-00263110 we want to actually create a cartogram
__83fBacqOc-01030-00263111-00263255 q just by default doesn't include the
__83fBacqOc-01031-00263256-00263495 cartogram functionality but you can
__83fBacqOc-01032-00263496-00263710 use a plug-in to do it for us a plug-in
__83fBacqOc-01033-00263711-00263847 is just a piece of
__83fBacqOc-01034-00263848-00264103 software that you add to qgis
__83fBacqOc-01035-00264104-00264191 to do
__83fBacqOc-01036-00264192-00264382 add extra functionality so we have to
__83fBacqOc-01037-00264383-00265239 install it first
__83fBacqOc-01038-00265240-00265430 and when it installs it as a new button
__83fBacqOc-01039-00265431-00265687 for qgis toolbar
__83fBacqOc-01040-00265688-00265847 so it's literally just a case of picking
__83fBacqOc-01041-00265848-00266055 that layer
__83fBacqOc-01042-00266056-00266263 and then
__83fBacqOc-01043-00266264-00266382 you pick the variable you want to create
__83fBacqOc-01044-00266383-00266830 the q the category from
__83fBacqOc-01045-00266831-00266975 and it will go away and build the car
__83fBacqOc-01046-00266976-00267479 screen
__83fBacqOc-01047-00267480-00267879 and then so there's our cartogram
__83fBacqOc-01048-00267880-00268134 and there's our cloth map and you
__83fBacqOc-01049-00268135-00268334 compare some people
__83fBacqOc-01050-00268335-00268479 don't like cartograms because they think
__83fBacqOc-01051-00268480-00268687 it distorts geography too much and you
__83fBacqOc-01052-00268688-00268847 can't tell what's what
__83fBacqOc-01053-00268848-00269063 but i think they're a good way of
__83fBacqOc-01054-00269064-00269527 alternative way of viewing the data
__83fBacqOc-01055-00269528-00269727 so i'll stop sharing now and you've got
__83fBacqOc-01056-00269728-00269847 20 minutes
__83fBacqOc-01057-00269848-00270151 to work through the cartogram pdf
__83fBacqOc-01058-00270152-00270334 and try and create a cartogram and again
__83fBacqOc-01059-00270335-00270543 any problems put something in the quest
__83fBacqOc-01060-00270544-00270679 and answer and we'll try and help you
__83fBacqOc-01061-00270680-00270855 out
__83fBacqOc-01062-00270856-00271103 i'll just show you the other screen so i
__83fBacqOc-01063-00271104-00271191 can
__83fBacqOc-01064-00271192-00271327 links to the
__83fBacqOc-01065-00271328-00271599 workbooks
__83fBacqOc-01066-00271600-00271767 so basically
__83fBacqOc-01067-00271768-00271927 if you download that zip file we sent
__83fBacqOc-01068-00271928-00272134 you earlier you should have that folder
__83fBacqOc-01069-00272135-00272455 with a workbook pdf and that data folder
__83fBacqOc-01070-00272456-00272615 with the leaked data
__83fBacqOc-01071-00272616-00272743 so it's just working through that
__83fBacqOc-01072-00272744-00272847 workbook
__83fBacqOc-01073-00272848-00272999 and you don't end up creating a car
__83fBacqOc-01074-00273000-00273247 scram the workbook is also available via
__83fBacqOc-01075-00273248-00273439 this link
__83fBacqOc-01076-00273440-00273606 and as i said at 3 30 we're going to
__83fBacqOc-01077-00273607-00273799 take a 15-minute break
__83fBacqOc-01078-00273800-00274063 so at 3 45 i'll start talking again and
__83fBacqOc-01079-00274064-00274279 we'll move on to using tableau or having
__83fBacqOc-01080-00274280-00274487 qgis
__83fBacqOc-01081-00274488-00274647 so again any questions just put them in
__83fBacqOc-01082-00274648-00275167 the chat
__83fBacqOc-01083-00275168-00275375 hello everyone so hopefully you managed
__83fBacqOc-01084-00275376-00275639 to create a cartogram
__83fBacqOc-01085-00275640-00275871 we're now going to start looking at um
__83fBacqOc-01086-00275872-00276023 tableau
__83fBacqOc-01087-00276024-00276134 so
__83fBacqOc-01088-00276135-00276271 this session's a bit different there's
__83fBacqOc-01089-00276272-00276503 no actual slides as such
__83fBacqOc-01090-00276504-00276695 we get it's a practical hands-on
__83fBacqOc-01091-00276696-00276887 exercise just get drive straight using
__83fBacqOc-01092-00276888-00277095 tab logs we have a limited time
__83fBacqOc-01093-00277096-00277263 so again what i'm going to do is i'm
__83fBacqOc-01094-00277264-00277423 going to show you what's going to happen
__83fBacqOc-01095-00277424-00277575 in the exercise and then i'll give you
__83fBacqOc-01096-00277576-00277767 time to go away and do it and again
__83fBacqOc-01097-00277768-00277934 stick your questions and answers in the
__83fBacqOc-01098-00277935-00278119 box so
__83fBacqOc-01099-00278120-00278527 let me just do a screen shovel again
__83fBacqOc-01100-00278528-00278799 i think what tableau is it only runs on
__83fBacqOc-01101-00278800-00278991 windows and macs it doesn't actually run
__83fBacqOc-01102-00278992-00279206 on linux which i'm using so i'm going to
__83fBacqOc-01103-00279207-00279351 have to run tableau instead of virtual
__83fBacqOc-01104-00279352-00279639 machine and windows on my linux box so
__83fBacqOc-01105-00279640-00279791 this is why i have this slightly strange
__83fBacqOc-01106-00279792-00279975 setup here that
__83fBacqOc-01107-00279976-00280255 will continue so
__83fBacqOc-01108-00280256-00280430 the exercise actually has two parts to
__83fBacqOc-01109-00280431-00280582 it there's a first part where you
__83fBacqOc-01110-00280583-00280687 basically
__83fBacqOc-01111-00280688-00280871 map some global
__83fBacqOc-01112-00280872-00281071 some global data by country
__83fBacqOc-01113-00281072-00281223 and there's a second part where you map
__83fBacqOc-01114-00281224-00281510 some census data
__83fBacqOc-01115-00281511-00281679 and what we're going to do i suggest is
__83fBacqOc-01116-00281680-00281839 we just do the second part using the
__83fBacqOc-01117-00281840-00282230 census data
__83fBacqOc-01118-00282231-00282382 so let me just try and remember after
__83fBacqOc-01119-00282383-00282606 this process
__83fBacqOc-01120-00282607-00282791 okay
__83fBacqOc-01121-00282792-00282958 so first of all and we're going to use
__83fBacqOc-01122-00282959-00283199 data inside that sensor's training data
__83fBacqOc-01123-00283200-00283295 folder
__83fBacqOc-01124-00283296-00283510 as a tablet subfolder which contains all
__83fBacqOc-01125-00283511-00283639 the data you need
__83fBacqOc-01126-00283640-00284015 so you want to do any more downloads
__83fBacqOc-01127-00284016-00284095 so
__83fBacqOc-01128-00284096-00284943 let me just fire up tableau
__83fBacqOc-01129-00284944-00285167 see tableau is a lot um
__83fBacqOc-01130-00285168-00285558 more slick than secujus
__83fBacqOc-01131-00285559-00285839 it's quite a nice piece of software
__83fBacqOc-01132-00285840-00286030 and what i want to do
__83fBacqOc-01133-00286031-00286279 we're going to be using two files
__83fBacqOc-01134-00286280-00286582 we've been using this travel gm.csv file
__83fBacqOc-01135-00286583-00286799 which you might just open
__83fBacqOc-01136-00286800-00286944 in something
__83fBacqOc-01137-00286945-00287071 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-01138-00287072-00287254 notepad
__83fBacqOc-01139-00287255-00287439 and you can see this is data about
__83fBacqOc-01140-00287440-00287606 travel to work
__83fBacqOc-01141-00287607-00287710 by
__83fBacqOc-01142-00287711-00287895 some geography
__83fBacqOc-01143-00287896-00288087 which
__83fBacqOc-01144-00288088-00288295 is words so
__83fBacqOc-01145-00288296-00288487 we've got shapefile for that
__83fBacqOc-01146-00288488-00289182 so let me just extract that
__83fBacqOc-01147-00289183-00289415 and these are words for 2011.
__83fBacqOc-01148-00289416-00289543 so
__83fBacqOc-01149-00289544-00289751 i better get qgis we first have to add
__83fBacqOc-01150-00289752-00290039 the csv data to tableau and then the
__83fBacqOc-01151-00290040-00290199 shape file to tableau and then do a bit
__83fBacqOc-01152-00290200-00290471 of joining to create stick together
__83fBacqOc-01153-00290472-00290606 and then do some manipulation of the
__83fBacqOc-01154-00290607-00290758 data and then create some sort of
__83fBacqOc-01155-00290759-00291063 graphics and visualization using table
__83fBacqOc-01156-00291064-00291503 so let me have a look
__83fBacqOc-01157-00291504-00291647 so the first thing i'll do is connect to
__83fBacqOc-01158-00291648-00291806 the csv file
__83fBacqOc-01159-00291807-00292015 so
__83fBacqOc-01160-00292016-00292534 this is this travel gm.csp
__83fBacqOc-01161-00292535-00292903 and travel will read the data
__83fBacqOc-01162-00292904-00293039 you can get rid of this thing on the
__83fBacqOc-01163-00293040-00294351 side here so this is our data in table
__83fBacqOc-01164-00294352-00294527 and we create this data interpreter
__83fBacqOc-01165-00294528-00294734 thing here
__83fBacqOc-01166-00294735-00294879 example we're trying to do some cleaning
__83fBacqOc-01167-00294880-00296175 on the data
__83fBacqOc-01168-00296176-00296351 and what we want to do is grab all this
__83fBacqOc-01169-00296352-00297751 data here
__83fBacqOc-01170-00297752-00299039 and we want to basically pivot the data
__83fBacqOc-01171-00299040-00300447 let me start again
__83fBacqOc-01172-00300448-00301479 key
__83fBacqOc-01173-00301480-00302110 okay
__83fBacqOc-01174-00302111-00302423 let's try that again
__83fBacqOc-01175-00302424-00302623 the instructions are really clear this
__83fBacqOc-01176-00302624-00302806 will be phone which i wasn't doing you
__83fBacqOc-01177-00302807-00303103 should be okay
__83fBacqOc-01178-00303104-00303751 right so the dates have been pivoted so
__83fBacqOc-01179-00303752-00303943 this means instead of like
__83fBacqOc-01180-00303944-00304215 say 30 rows with five columns
__83fBacqOc-01181-00304216-00304439 we've now got 150 rows of a single
__83fBacqOc-01182-00304440-00304527 column
__83fBacqOc-01183-00304528-00304775 so
__83fBacqOc-01184-00304776-00304879 which is just a different way of
__83fBacqOc-01185-00304880-00305167 representing the data but we need to do
__83fBacqOc-01186-00305168-00305247 that
__83fBacqOc-01187-00305248-00305415 for the table to create visualization
__83fBacqOc-01188-00305416-00306167 from it
__83fBacqOc-01189-00306168-00306343 and we might want to it's quite good in
__83fBacqOc-01190-00306344-00306682 tablet we can rename the columns
__83fBacqOc-01191-00306683-00306839 so
__83fBacqOc-01192-00306840-00307447 this is actually ward
__83fBacqOc-01193-00307448-00307989 and this is local authority
__83fBacqOc-01194-00307990-00308230 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-01195-00308231-00309151 and this is trouble to work method
__83fBacqOc-01196-00309152-00309710 this is
__83fBacqOc-01197-00309711-00309910 a percentage of people using that travel
__83fBacqOc-01198-00309911-00310910 work method
__83fBacqOc-01199-00310911-00311182 okay so we've done some
__83fBacqOc-01200-00311183-00311334 work on the data
__83fBacqOc-01201-00311335-00311767 on the csv data rather
__83fBacqOc-01202-00311768-00311982 and we now want to add the boundaries so
__83fBacqOc-01203-00311983-00312230 in the same way you can do an add and
__83fBacqOc-01204-00312231-00312471 connect to a special file
__83fBacqOc-01205-00312472-00312943 which will be our shape file
__83fBacqOc-01206-00312944-00313103 and you can see that
__83fBacqOc-01207-00313104-00313303 we've got these connections to the csv
__83fBacqOc-01208-00313304-00313527 and the shapefile and we've also got the
__83fBacqOc-01209-00313528-00314063 file here
__83fBacqOc-01210-00314064-00314263 and we now need to relate the csv to the
__83fBacqOc-01211-00314264-00314503 shapefile
__83fBacqOc-01212-00314504-00314719 so the first way to do this is to double
__83fBacqOc-01213-00314720-00314967 click this is called the tableau canvas
__83fBacqOc-01214-00314968-00315167 so if we double click the csv file on
__83fBacqOc-01215-00315168-00315310 the canvas
__83fBacqOc-01216-00315311-00315479 it creates this
__83fBacqOc-01217-00315480-00315591 and then we can
__83fBacqOc-01218-00315592-00315775 try and connect the shapefile
__83fBacqOc-01219-00315776-00315967 so
__83fBacqOc-01220-00315968-00316215 i drag it across here
__83fBacqOc-01221-00316216-00316399 and you can see that travel has been
__83fBacqOc-01222-00316400-00316527 quite clever and it's trying to create a
__83fBacqOc-01223-00316528-00316679 joint by itself but i was trying to tell
__83fBacqOc-01224-00316680-00316830 it but it doesn't know how to join the
__83fBacqOc-01225-00316831-00316927 data
__83fBacqOc-01226-00316928-00317087 so like in queues you have to specify
__83fBacqOc-01227-00317088-00317430 which fields to use to do the join
__83fBacqOc-01228-00317431-00317815 so it's glk code in the csv file
__83fBacqOc-01229-00317816-00318510 and dual code one in the shape funnel
__83fBacqOc-01230-00318511-00318823 and you can see it's made a join because
__83fBacqOc-01231-00318824-00319110 to our csv file in tableau we have our
__83fBacqOc-01232-00319111-00319239 attributes
__83fBacqOc-01233-00319240-00319382 and we have a geometry column from that
__83fBacqOc-01234-00319383-00320254 shapefile
__83fBacqOc-01235-00320255-00320423 and now we can actually having prepped
__83fBacqOc-01236-00320424-00320606 the data table we can now do the actual
__83fBacqOc-01237-00320607-00320734 interesting stuff
__83fBacqOc-01238-00320735-00320982 and create visualizations from it
__83fBacqOc-01239-00320983-00321279 so tableau has different types of
__83fBacqOc-01240-00321280-00321503 um there's different parts to tableau
__83fBacqOc-01241-00321504-00321830 there's the preparation bit here
__83fBacqOc-01242-00321831-00322087 we can create worksheets which are like
__83fBacqOc-01243-00322088-00322295 where you build traffics and
__83fBacqOc-01244-00322296-00322534 plots and stuff
__83fBacqOc-01245-00322535-00322719 there are dashboards where you can
__83fBacqOc-01246-00322720-00322854 create like visualizations for
__83fBacqOc-01247-00322855-00323030 consumption by end users
__83fBacqOc-01248-00323031-00323215 this can contain multiple worksheets so
__83fBacqOc-01249-00323216-00323430 you could have a dashboard showing a map
__83fBacqOc-01250-00323431-00323671 or a graphic and then you could like
__83fBacqOc-01251-00323672-00323871 publish that to tableau public online
__83fBacqOc-01252-00323872-00324023 and then someone could do your
__83fBacqOc-01253-00324024-00324287 visualization on a website
__83fBacqOc-01254-00324288-00324415 and there's this thing called tableau
__83fBacqOc-01255-00324416-00324551 stories
__83fBacqOc-01256-00324552-00324734 where you can basically create 10
__83fBacqOc-01257-00324735-00324903 different steps or so
__83fBacqOc-01258-00324904-00325054 and allow the user to page through
__83fBacqOc-01259-00325055-00325247 different visualizations to tell a story
__83fBacqOc-01260-00325248-00325367 about your data
__83fBacqOc-01261-00325368-00325551 which can be quite nice
__83fBacqOc-01262-00325552-00325719 but you basically start with worksheets
__83fBacqOc-01263-00325720-00325823 you build your visualizational
__83fBacqOc-01264-00325824-00326006 worksheets and then you can add them to
__83fBacqOc-01265-00326007-00326375 dashboards and stories
__83fBacqOc-01266-00326376-00326799 so we want to create our first worksheet
__83fBacqOc-01267-00326800-00327006 and tableau is all drag and drop you
__83fBacqOc-01268-00327007-00327279 basically have your tables your data
__83fBacqOc-01269-00327280-00327479 and this your your work area and usually
__83fBacqOc-01270-00327480-00327639 drag stuff across to it in order to
__83fBacqOc-01271-00327640-00328110 create your visualizations
__83fBacqOc-01272-00328111-00328271 so the first thing we want to do is just
__83fBacqOc-01273-00328272-00328734 create a table of our data
__83fBacqOc-01274-00328735-00328887 so i'm going to drag the travel work
__83fBacqOc-01275-00328888-00329119 method across
__83fBacqOc-01276-00329120-00329799 and
__83fBacqOc-01277-00329800-00330071 and we want to local authority
__83fBacqOc-01278-00330072-00330151 and
__83fBacqOc-01279-00330152-00330534 words
__83fBacqOc-01280-00330535-00330775 so it's we've got the outline of the
__83fBacqOc-01281-00330776-00330903 table
__83fBacqOc-01282-00330904-00331078 we don't have the values yet because we
__83fBacqOc-01283-00331079-00331519 have to tell tableau how to display them
__83fBacqOc-01284-00331520-00331782 so
__83fBacqOc-01285-00331783-00331919 we want to display by percentage of
__83fBacqOc-01286-00331920-00332143 people so
__83fBacqOc-01287-00332144-00332391 we have to
__83fBacqOc-01288-00332392-00334703 drag this across here
__83fBacqOc-01289-00334704-00337367 that was
__83fBacqOc-01290-00337368-00337503 yeah okay you have to double click
__83fBacqOc-01291-00337504-00337671 rather than dragging so important tip
__83fBacqOc-01292-00337672-00337878 there double click don't drag
__83fBacqOc-01293-00337879-00338134 so now we have a table
__83fBacqOc-01294-00338135-00338343 which shows
__83fBacqOc-01295-00338344-00338575 the data from our csv
__83fBacqOc-01296-00338576-00339023 by ward and then local authority
__83fBacqOc-01297-00339024-00339223 and table and we want to now create a
__83fBacqOc-01298-00339224-00339415 bar chart so that's another type of
__83fBacqOc-01299-00339416-00339975 sheet
__83fBacqOc-01300-00339976-00340254 drag percentage of people
__83fBacqOc-01301-00340255-00341238 columns
__83fBacqOc-01302-00341239-00342444 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-01303-00342445-00343110 [Music]
__83fBacqOc-01304-00343111-00343295 and travel to work method to go and do
__83fBacqOc-01305-00343296-00343471 it
__83fBacqOc-01306-00343472-00343647 yeah so we're now we're symbolizing the
__83fBacqOc-01307-00343648-00343751 data
__83fBacqOc-01308-00343752-00343982 broken down as bar charts by travel work
__83fBacqOc-01309-00343983-00344119 method
__83fBacqOc-01310-00344120-00344358 so you can see for
__83fBacqOc-01311-00344359-00344727 harper green for example
__83fBacqOc-01312-00344728-00344934 the travel work method
__83fBacqOc-01313-00344935-00345015 by
__83fBacqOc-01314-00345016-00345254 not an implement okay
__83fBacqOc-01315-00345255-00345558 yeah driving a car a van it's 35
__83fBacqOc-01316-00345559-00345671 and then you get the different
__83fBacqOc-01317-00345672-00346078 breakdowns
__83fBacqOc-01318-00346079-00346454 so that's non-geographic
__83fBacqOc-01319-00346455-00346599 we can because of the boundaries we can
__83fBacqOc-01320-00346600-00346839 create a map so again we create another
__83fBacqOc-01321-00346840-00347295 sheet
__83fBacqOc-01322-00347296-00347487 and we can add the geometry by double
__83fBacqOc-01323-00347488-00347639 clicking
__83fBacqOc-01324-00347640-00347767 and you can see we've got our sentence
__83fBacqOc-01325-00347768-00347975 boundaries within tableau
__83fBacqOc-01326-00347976-00348191 and the minute we mouse over
__83fBacqOc-01327-00348192-00348439 we just see the we don't want to click
__83fBacqOc-01328-00348440-00348615 on the individual areas
__83fBacqOc-01329-00348616-00348999 but we can create this
__83fBacqOc-01330-00349000-00349151 by
__83fBacqOc-01331-00349152-00350615 grabbing ward
__83fBacqOc-01332-00350616-00350887 and now we get the individual areas
__83fBacqOc-01333-00350888-00351015 but there's still some strange things
__83fBacqOc-01334-00351016-00351167 going on because we've got like multiple
__83fBacqOc-01335-00351168-00351454 things showing particular regions
__83fBacqOc-01336-00351455-00351958 which we can correct
__83fBacqOc-01337-00351959-00352206 so we can grab local authority as well
__83fBacqOc-01338-00352207-00352423 so this aggregates by local authority as
__83fBacqOc-01339-00352424-00352782 well
__83fBacqOc-01340-00352783-00352934 i think the problem before was you could
__83fBacqOc-01341-00352935-00353151 have the awards with the same name in
__83fBacqOc-01342-00353152-00353391 multiple local authorities so when it's
__83fBacqOc-01343-00353392-00353567 grouping it's not
__83fBacqOc-01344-00353568-00354199 showing the individual ones
__83fBacqOc-01345-00354200-00354367 and then we can create a dashboard from
__83fBacqOc-01346-00354368-00354663 our two plots from our bar chart and our
__83fBacqOc-01347-00354664-00354815 map
__83fBacqOc-01348-00354816-00355199 by clicking the new dashboard button so
__83fBacqOc-01349-00355200-00355375 you can if you hover over here you can
__83fBacqOc-01350-00355376-00355567 see the types of things you created
__83fBacqOc-01351-00355568-00355839 so we've created a map so we can drag
__83fBacqOc-01352-00355840-00356110 that across
__83fBacqOc-01353-00356111-00356406 create a bar chart
__83fBacqOc-01354-00356407-00356606 and what's nice about tableau is you can
__83fBacqOc-01355-00356607-00356799 use one visualization to filter the
__83fBacqOc-01356-00356800-00357087 other so
__83fBacqOc-01357-00357088-00357295 you can use this as a filter
__83fBacqOc-01358-00357296-00357463 and select
__83fBacqOc-01359-00357464-00357639 athlete bridge and it will then zoom to
__83fBacqOc-01360-00357640-00357743 the
__83fBacqOc-01361-00357744-00357967 boundary
__83fBacqOc-01362-00357968-00358071 and we can see the stack for the
__83fBacqOc-01363-00358072-00358230 boundaries or we can do the opposite we
__83fBacqOc-01364-00358231-00358391 can use the map as a filter for the bar
__83fBacqOc-01365-00358392-00358719 chart so
__83fBacqOc-01366-00358720-00358839 and then we can zoom into one of the
__83fBacqOc-01367-00358840-00359078 polygons click down here and it will
__83fBacqOc-01368-00359079-00359406 show the bar chart just for that polygon
__83fBacqOc-01369-00359407-00359591 so this is the exercise that you will
__83fBacqOc-01370-00359592-00359767 now do
__83fBacqOc-01371-00359768-00360103 and i suggest you start with
__83fBacqOc-01372-00360104-00360287 the second step
__83fBacqOc-01373-00360288-00360439 but if say if you get through that and
__83fBacqOc-01374-00360440-00360630 you've got time left then you can do the
__83fBacqOc-01375-00360631-00360751 first one as well it's a different
__83fBacqOc-01376-00360752-00360951 exercise there's different data so
__83fBacqOc-01377-00360952-00361254 you're not going to cause any problems
__83fBacqOc-01378-00361255-00361558 so let me just swap my screen again
__83fBacqOc-01379-00361559-00361871 if you download
__83fBacqOc-01380-00361872-00362030 workbook in it
__83fBacqOc-01381-00362031-00362199 and again your data is within that
__83fBacqOc-01382-00362200-00362567 folder
__83fBacqOc-01383-00362568-00362806 you have a center trading data folder
__83fBacqOc-01384-00362807-00362967 and a tableau subfolder with all the
__83fBacqOc-01385-00362968-00363239 data you need so just work for the pdf
__83fBacqOc-01386-00363240-00363391 and any questions in the chat again and
__83fBacqOc-01387-00363392-00363678 we'll try and help you
__83fBacqOc-01388-00363679-00364063 and then at six at 4 45 we'll bring the
__83fBacqOc-01389-00364064-00364263 data or close with just some quick demos
__83fBacqOc-01390-00364264-00364823 of stuff and any outstanding questions
__83fBacqOc-01391-00364824-00364999 so chlorofluff maps are not without
__83fBacqOc-01392-00365000-00365206 problems
__83fBacqOc-01393-00365207-00365303 um
__83fBacqOc-01394-00365304-00365423 because they tend to apply the
__83fBacqOc-01395-00365424-00365599 population distributed uniformly across
__83fBacqOc-01396-00365600-00365758 the extent of the polygon the sensor
__83fBacqOc-01397-00365759-00365878 zone
__83fBacqOc-01398-00365879-00366087 and you can see here for example
__83fBacqOc-01399-00366088-00366295 so we've got a bunch of polygons
__83fBacqOc-01400-00366296-00366430 and then what i've done is overland on
__83fBacqOc-01401-00366431-00366710 top of us is our photograph
__83fBacqOc-01402-00366711-00367030 and you can see that the actual
__83fBacqOc-01403-00367031-00367215 um
__83fBacqOc-01404-00367216-00367423 within the actual real world
__83fBacqOc-01405-00367424-00367654 you have there is a residential here
__83fBacqOc-01406-00367655-00367791 and then over here you have what areas
__83fBacqOc-01407-00367792-00367958 of parkland and sports facilities where
__83fBacqOc-01408-00367959-00368119 there's no actual people
__83fBacqOc-01409-00368120-00368278 whereas if you create a chloroplast map
__83fBacqOc-01410-00368279-00368454 and shaded it all red then that would
__83fBacqOc-01411-00368455-00368582 imply that there's people right across
__83fBacqOc-01412-00368583-00368782 the entire zone which it's nicely
__83fBacqOc-01413-00368783-00369023 refresh reality
__83fBacqOc-01414-00369024-00369230 so there's been a trend in recent years
__83fBacqOc-01415-00369231-00369471 for people when creating sort of type
__83fBacqOc-01416-00369472-00369687 maps from sense data
__83fBacqOc-01417-00369688-00369934 is to create use an alternative approach
__83fBacqOc-01418-00369935-00370254 called datametric mapping
__83fBacqOc-01419-00370255-00370487 which is this right here
__83fBacqOc-01420-00370488-00370719 where you have the polygons
__83fBacqOc-01421-00370720-00370878 and then you have like a mask layer
__83fBacqOc-01422-00370879-00371119 which contains residential areas
__83fBacqOc-01423-00371120-00371254 and then what you do is you mask the
__83fBacqOc-01424-00371255-00371543 polygons by the mask layer
__83fBacqOc-01425-00371544-00371678 and you create a different form of
__83fBacqOc-01426-00371679-00371830 mapping
__83fBacqOc-01427-00371831-00371967 and one of the
__83fBacqOc-01428-00371968-00372151 websites that does this is i think of
__83fBacqOc-01429-00372152-00372287 data shine
__83fBacqOc-01430-00372288-00372478 which is created by a bunch of folk down
__83fBacqOc-01431-00372479-00372839 in ucl
__83fBacqOc-01432-00372840-00372982 and this is alternative way of viewing
__83fBacqOc-01433-00372983-00373423 census data
__83fBacqOc-01434-00373424-00373558 and you can go to the data showing
__83fBacqOc-01435-00373559-00373751 website and you can browse through all
__83fBacqOc-01436-00373752-00373982 the various census
__83fBacqOc-01437-00373983-00374334 and view them using
__83fBacqOc-01438-00374335-00375727 so let me just show you guys
__83fBacqOc-01439-00375728-00375871 so you've not seen it before this is
__83fBacqOc-01440-00375872-00376199 what datasheet looks like
__83fBacqOc-01441-00376200-00376310 and you can see what they've done is
__83fBacqOc-01442-00376311-00376510 they've taken all the boundaries and
__83fBacqOc-01443-00376511-00376639 then
__83fBacqOc-01444-00376640-00376871 clipped that data based on buildings
__83fBacqOc-01445-00376872-00377071 so you get a much more
__83fBacqOc-01446-00377072-00377230 better representation
__83fBacqOc-01447-00377231-00377502 of where the people live and stuff
__83fBacqOc-01448-00377503-00377654 and it's a really nice website you can
__83fBacqOc-01449-00377655-00377910 just browse through all the various
__83fBacqOc-01450-00377911-00378151 types of centers variable
__83fBacqOc-01451-00378152-00378295 and see
__83fBacqOc-01452-00378296-00378543 the various
__83fBacqOc-01453-00378544-00378775 data is available skill guard travel for
__83fBacqOc-01454-00378776-00379006 workmen for example and in london you
__83fBacqOc-01455-00379007-00379158 could see
__83fBacqOc-01456-00379159-00379671 somewhere by bicycle
__83fBacqOc-01457-00379672-00379975 so that's a nice thing to look at um
__83fBacqOc-01458-00379976-00380239 there's also a set because the census is
__83fBacqOc-01459-00380240-00380423 delivered separately in england that is
__83fBacqOc-01460-00380424-00380567 from scotland the data slightly
__83fBacqOc-01461-00380568-00380663 different
__83fBacqOc-01462-00380664-00380951 so the data shined folk have a separate
__83fBacqOc-01463-00380952-00381167 the other side scotland's website
__83fBacqOc-01464-00381168-00381334 which is the same approach but applied
__83fBacqOc-01465-00381335-00381719 to scottish data
__83fBacqOc-01466-00381720-00381854 we can share those links afterwards if
__83fBacqOc-01467-00381855-00382295 you've not seen this stuff before
__83fBacqOc-01468-00382296-00382823 um just get rid of this
__83fBacqOc-01469-00382824-00382951 and also there's a really nice thing
__83fBacqOc-01470-00382952-00383175 that ons produced called their effective
__83fBacqOc-01471-00383176-00383334 maps guide
__83fBacqOc-01472-00383335-00384215 let me just try and find it
__83fBacqOc-01473-00384216-00384439 they published this back in 2018 and
__83fBacqOc-01474-00384440-00384727 it's like a seven page document
__83fBacqOc-01475-00384728-00384902 and it just walks you through i think
__83fBacqOc-01476-00384903-00385015 these are designed for publishing
__83fBacqOc-01477-00385016-00386495 officials to censors that likes to
__83fBacqOc-01478-00386496-00386630 quite classification available to use
__83fBacqOc-01479-00386631-00386782 and stuff
__83fBacqOc-01480-00386783-00387015 it's got a bit about dot maps
__83fBacqOc-01481-00387016-00387102 it's all you've got stuff like
__83fBacqOc-01482-00387103-00387223 cartograms as well and it gives you
__83fBacqOc-01483-00387224-00387382 advice on when car games are best to be
__83fBacqOc-01484-00387383-00387527 used and stuff
__83fBacqOc-01485-00387528-00387710 so it's a really nice thing to look at
__83fBacqOc-01486-00387711-00387910 and i'd say it's only seven pages so
__83fBacqOc-01487-00387911-00388063 it's really digestible
__83fBacqOc-01488-00388064-00388239 we can maybe look at sharing those as
__83fBacqOc-01489-00388240-00388439 well
__83fBacqOc-01490-00388440-00388630 so that's really all i have to say for
__83fBacqOc-01491-00388631-00388931 today
__k8kKaOiT4-00000-00000363-00001491 [Music]
__k8kKaOiT4-00001-00001492-00001696 so
__k8kKaOiT4-00002-00001697-00002883 [Music]
__k8kKaOiT4-00003-00002884-00003319 so
__k8kKaOiT4-00004-00003320-00003528 you
__VWbGvvHaY-00000-00000032-00000182 because i do
__VWbGvvHaY-00001-00000183-00000271 uh
__VWbGvvHaY-00002-00000272-00000503 plan my content for live videos not all
__VWbGvvHaY-00003-00000504-00000751 of them you you may notice that i am
__VWbGvvHaY-00004-00000752-00000991 live twice a week consistently once with
__VWbGvvHaY-00005-00000992-00001199 you and then once on fridays and then
__VWbGvvHaY-00006-00001200-00001343 there's many times
__VWbGvvHaY-00007-00001344-00001511 in between that it'll just be impromptu
__VWbGvvHaY-00008-00001512-00001767 type stuff uh this week i was
__VWbGvvHaY-00009-00001768-00002030 in minnesota david knox productions
__VWbGvvHaY-00010-00002032-00002215 recording some stuff and i'm like man
__VWbGvvHaY-00011-00002216-00002359 while i'm here
__VWbGvvHaY-00012-00002360-00002591 this guy's an industry like veteran been
__VWbGvvHaY-00013-00002592-00002863 around absolutely and i'm like
__VWbGvvHaY-00014-00002864-00003023 he's like you're gonna do a live j man
__VWbGvvHaY-00015-00003024-00003118 i'm like
__VWbGvvHaY-00016-00003119-00003303 i am now as soon as i put my phone i was
__VWbGvvHaY-00017-00003304-00003638 like let's do it and so that was fun but
__VWbGvvHaY-00018-00003639-00003767 what i do look at and this is where
__VWbGvvHaY-00019-00003768-00003943 those you if you're on clubhouse or
__VWbGvvHaY-00020-00003944-00004111 you're in a lot of those real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00021-00004112-00004270 groups that have tens of thousands of
__VWbGvvHaY-00022-00004271-00004647 people the best way to curate content
__VWbGvvHaY-00023-00004648-00004799 and it depends on who your audience is
__VWbGvvHaY-00024-00004800-00005031 like jeffrey and i our audience here
__VWbGvvHaY-00025-00005032-00005215 would be real estate agents right
__VWbGvvHaY-00026-00005216-00005535 or people in sales or in in business for
__VWbGvvHaY-00027-00005536-00005663 themselves because it can a lot of the
__VWbGvvHaY-00028-00005664-00005879 concepts apply to everybody
__VWbGvvHaY-00029-00005880-00006047 but go into a group like that linkedin
__VWbGvvHaY-00030-00006048-00006327 is another good one and then see what
__VWbGvvHaY-00031-00006328-00006510 what's relevant what's resonating with
__VWbGvvHaY-00032-00006511-00006734 the people somebody may suggest a topic
__VWbGvvHaY-00033-00006736-00007046 and then it's like comments like this
__VWbGvvHaY-00034-00007047-00007319 i saw today uh somebody talking about
__VWbGvvHaY-00035-00007320-00007606 hey if you want to know more about nfts
__VWbGvvHaY-00036-00007608-00007863 blockchain cryptocurrency and the
__VWbGvvHaY-00037-00007864-00008046 multiverse
__VWbGvvHaY-00038-00008047-00008351 multiverse that's this flash
__VWbGvvHaY-00039-00008352-00008583 and the metaverse and the metaverse you
__VWbGvvHaY-00040-00008584-00008655 know
__VWbGvvHaY-00041-00008656-00008814 type in the comments and there was like
__VWbGvvHaY-00042-00008815-00009006 a hundred plus comments and that tells
__VWbGvvHaY-00043-00009007-00009255 me my metaverse idea if you if you heard
__VWbGvvHaY-00044-00009256-00009478 it here again folks future expert of the
__VWbGvvHaY-00045-00009479-00009742 metaverse jeremiah's jamie monero uh
__VWbGvvHaY-00046-00009743-00009967 resonates with people but then also if
__VWbGvvHaY-00047-00009968-00010127 you're in like uh
__VWbGvvHaY-00048-00010128-00010359 we love greece new york page or anything
__VWbGvvHaY-00049-00010360-00010638 else where you see people commenting
__VWbGvvHaY-00050-00010639-00010799 on things that's where you get your your
__VWbGvvHaY-00051-00010800-00010910 content from
__VWbGvvHaY-00052-00010911-00011071 or a great a great way to come up with
__VWbGvvHaY-00053-00011072-00011223 content is especially if you're talking
__VWbGvvHaY-00054-00011224-00011478 to the consumer is look at the google
__VWbGvvHaY-00055-00011479-00011574 trends
__VWbGvvHaY-00056-00011575-00011751 for your area in real estate what are
__VWbGvvHaY-00057-00011752-00011895 people searching
__VWbGvvHaY-00058-00011896-00012038 are they searching first time home
__VWbGvvHaY-00059-00012039-00012246 buyers real estate are they searching
__VWbGvvHaY-00060-00012247-00012463 home improvements like look at what's
__VWbGvvHaY-00061-00012464-00012727 trending on the google analytics to find
__VWbGvvHaY-00062-00012728-00012951 out what people are searching for and if
__VWbGvvHaY-00063-00012952-00013215 you see you know you're in you know
__VWbGvvHaY-00064-00013216-00013486 go back to billy because billy in b-town
__VWbGvvHaY-00065-00013487-00013694 that if you see in billings people are
__VWbGvvHaY-00066-00013695-00013822 searching for
__VWbGvvHaY-00067-00013823-00013966 ranches and billings i don't even know
__VWbGvvHaY-00068-00013968-00014079 if there are ranches and buildings i
__VWbGvvHaY-00069-00014080-00014263 know those ranches outside of buildings
__VWbGvvHaY-00070-00014263-00014566 that like branches and there's ranches
__VWbGvvHaY-00071-00014568-00014735 no no i meant branches as in like horse
__VWbGvvHaY-00072-00014736-00014911 ranches like cattle like that type of
__VWbGvvHaY-00073-00014912-00015135 thing so it might be that they might be
__VWbGvvHaY-00074-00015136-00015255 you know
__VWbGvvHaY-00075-00015256-00015407 when you look at the google analytics as
__VWbGvvHaY-00076-00015408-00015527 far as what are the searches and you go
__VWbGvvHaY-00077-00015528-00015647 to google and
__VWbGvvHaY-00078-00015647-00015775 google how to find out what people are
__VWbGvvHaY-00079-00015776-00015943 googling for that's the easiest way of
__VWbGvvHaY-00080-00015944-00016158 doing it right and it'll tell you what
__VWbGvvHaY-00081-00016159-00016375 keywords you're looking for it'll say
__VWbGvvHaY-00082-00016376-00016511 how much
__VWbGvvHaY-00083-00016512-00016799 over asking will my offer be what should
__VWbGvvHaY-00084-00016800-00017007 i do in multiple offers
__VWbGvvHaY-00085-00017008-00017263 how much list price sale price you know
__VWbGvvHaY-00086-00017264-00017479 you'll you'll get really up-to-date and
__VWbGvvHaY-00087-00017480-00017591 they'll tell you stuff that's even
__VWbGvvHaY-00088-00017592-00017767 trending in your area
__VWbGvvHaY-00089-00017768-00017927 yeah and and i think that's a great way
__VWbGvvHaY-00090-00017928-00018063 and i'll give you a little a little
__VWbGvvHaY-00091-00018064-00018167 secret
__VWbGvvHaY-00092-00018168-00018327 that we do sometimes
__VWbGvvHaY-00093-00018328-00018503 what was that go ahead no i'm going to
__VWbGvvHaY-00094-00018504-00018647 google something because i forgot what
__VWbGvvHaY-00095-00018648-00018894 what the site was but go ahead it's
__VWbGvvHaY-00096-00018895-00019119 jaymen's googling ghoulie and so one of
__VWbGvvHaY-00097-00019120-00019383 the things that um
__VWbGvvHaY-00098-00019384-00019543 on wednesday we're doing it was part of
__VWbGvvHaY-00099-00019544-00019711 the element podcast series we do a
__VWbGvvHaY-00100-00019712-00019919 de-constructor real estate de or
__VWbGvvHaY-00101-00019920-00020063 deconstructed
__VWbGvvHaY-00102-00020064-00020199 and honestly sometimes i don't have a
__VWbGvvHaY-00103-00020200-00020494 topic at all but right before it well i
__VWbGvvHaY-00104-00020495-00020678 don't have a topic that i'm set on that
__VWbGvvHaY-00105-00020679-00020822 we're going to talk about so right
__VWbGvvHaY-00106-00020823-00021063 before we actually have a role play call
__VWbGvvHaY-00107-00021064-00021255 and a lot of times i'll sit on that role
__VWbGvvHaY-00108-00021256-00021535 play call and it's one of those where
__VWbGvvHaY-00109-00021536-00021671 like three or four agents are talking
__VWbGvvHaY-00110-00021672-00021878 about the same exact thing and this week
__VWbGvvHaY-00111-00021879-00022030 when we did it
__VWbGvvHaY-00112-00022031-00022199 it was on how to set expectations with
__VWbGvvHaY-00113-00022200-00022399 your buyers and sellers because
__VWbGvvHaY-00114-00022400-00022711 a lot of times those buyers
__VWbGvvHaY-00115-00022712-00022911 being the market that we're in now
__VWbGvvHaY-00116-00022912-00023094 agents aren't setting the expectations
__VWbGvvHaY-00117-00023095-00023191 of like
__VWbGvvHaY-00118-00023192-00023439 hey you're gonna have to place
__VWbGvvHaY-00119-00023440-00023622 a bunch of offers you're gonna have to
__VWbGvvHaY-00120-00023623-00023791 go x amount of a list hey you're looking
__VWbGvvHaY-00121-00023792-00023975 for a million dollar property if you
__VWbGvvHaY-00122-00023976-00024119 want to pay a million dollar you're
__VWbGvvHaY-00123-00024120-00024255 probably going to have to look at 800
__VWbGvvHaY-00124-00024256-00024478 000 property and bid it up to a million
__VWbGvvHaY-00125-00024479-00024647 and so that was the
__VWbGvvHaY-00126-00024648-00024871 about setting those expectations and to
__VWbGvvHaY-00127-00024872-00025022 me just like you can google what people
__VWbGvvHaY-00128-00025023-00025239 are searching for in your area
__VWbGvvHaY-00129-00025240-00025471 that that role play call directly before
__VWbGvvHaY-00130-00025472-00025711 my podcast was it's a great way of this
__VWbGvvHaY-00131-00025712-00025846 is what agents want to hear about this
__VWbGvvHaY-00132-00025847-00026367 is what people are talking about
__VWbGvvHaY-00133-00026368-00026511 you were googling something so i guess
__VWbGvvHaY-00134-00026512-00026614 you were
__VWbGvvHaY-00135-00026616-00026911 looking something up to
__VWbGvvHaY-00136-00026912-00027318 oh you just shared your screen
__VWbGvvHaY-00137-00027319-00027551 i can't hear you now
__VWbGvvHaY-00138-00027552-00027727 we can't hear you you shared your screen
__VWbGvvHaY-00139-00027727-00027887 and we can't hear you you can hear me
__VWbGvvHaY-00140-00027888-00027990 now
__VWbGvvHaY-00141-00027991-00028207 i can hear you now one second i'm going
__VWbGvvHaY-00142-00028208-00028367 to add you here so just keep talking i'm
__VWbGvvHaY-00143-00028368-00028558 going to add a little squirkle of you so
__VWbGvvHaY-00144-00028560-00028807 j-man just decided to do uh
__VWbGvvHaY-00145-00028808-00028943 something off that i have no idea what
__VWbGvvHaY-00146-00028944-00029111 that is
__VWbGvvHaY-00147-00029112-00029343 what is that no that's you
__VWbGvvHaY-00148-00029344-00029462 isn't he second i don't know what
__VWbGvvHaY-00149-00029463-00029967 jamin's
__VWbGvvHaY-00150-00029968-00030167 uh
__VWbGvvHaY-00151-00030168-00030302 i can tell you why the front desk
__VWbGvvHaY-00152-00030303-00030535 doesn't know how big the bedrooms are
__VWbGvvHaY-00153-00030536-00030751 and i have clients and kids that are the
__VWbGvvHaY-00154-00030752-00030902 bedroom is big enough
__VWbGvvHaY-00155-00030903-00031143 oh that that was um
__VWbGvvHaY-00156-00031144-00031262 this is just a train wreck that was
__VWbGvvHaY-00157-00031263-00031374 tiffany
__VWbGvvHaY-00158-00031375-00031567 asking about the um
__VWbGvvHaY-00159-00031568-00031751 it's not a train wreck here putting you
__VWbGvvHaY-00160-00031752-00032031 over here
__VWbGvvHaY-00161-00032032-00032183 okay
__VWbGvvHaY-00162-00032183-00032311 do you know what you're looking at now
__VWbGvvHaY-00163-00032312-00032551 sir no i can't say it's tiny on my
__VWbGvvHaY-00164-00032552-00032711 screen
__VWbGvvHaY-00165-00032712-00033118 oh this is answer the public
__VWbGvvHaY-00166-00033119-00033471 so i did a search there's three 391
__VWbGvvHaY-00167-00033472-00033679 reserve results for real estate these
__VWbGvvHaY-00168-00033680-00033974 are the top results and when you look at
__VWbGvvHaY-00169-00033975-00034151 if i come in here and i make this a
__VWbGvvHaY-00170-00034152-00034527 little bit
__VWbGvvHaY-00171-00034528-00034718 okay so these are when somebody searches
__VWbGvvHaY-00172-00034719-00034959 for real estate it ranks them the darker
__VWbGvvHaY-00173-00034960-00035151 the green
__VWbGvvHaY-00174-00035152-00035311 the more it searched for so can real
__VWbGvvHaY-00175-00035312-00035439 estate make you rich can real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00176-00035440-00035574 agents make millions can real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00177-00035575-00035718 agents say no pets can real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00178-00035719-00035887 agents make you familiar
__VWbGvvHaY-00179-00035888-00036015 all these other things can real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00180-00036016-00036207 agents disclose offers
__VWbGvvHaY-00181-00036208-00036346 there is
__VWbGvvHaY-00182-00036347-00036823 391 ideas here on on what you can do
__VWbGvvHaY-00183-00036824-00037007 for live videos that's a great idea i
__VWbGvvHaY-00184-00037008-00037190 think that's a great idea
__VWbGvvHaY-00185-00037191-00037367 and it's relevant
__VWbGvvHaY-00186-00037368-00037479 you know this is what people are
__VWbGvvHaY-00187-00037480-00037623 searching for if you speak to what
__VWbGvvHaY-00188-00037624-00037799 people are interested in searching for
__VWbGvvHaY-00189-00037800-00038023 more people are going to you know listen
__VWbGvvHaY-00190-00038024-00038143 if listen
__VWbGvvHaY-00191-00038144-00038359 if i was an agent now and i had to come
__VWbGvvHaY-00192-00038360-00038551 up with live video and i am just basing
__VWbGvvHaY-00193-00038552-00038743 upon the markets that were in that music
__VWbGvvHaY-00194-00038744-00038823 play
__VWbGvvHaY-00195-00038824-00039055 just based upon the markets that were in
__VWbGvvHaY-00196-00039056-00039223 is it would be
__VWbGvvHaY-00197-00039224-00039390 you know i would talk about multiple
__VWbGvvHaY-00198-00039391-00039543 offers
__VWbGvvHaY-00199-00039544-00039735 and what buyers can expect placing
__VWbGvvHaY-00200-00039736-00039943 multiple offers that you know you're
__VWbGvvHaY-00201-00039944-00040118 gonna have to bid you know there's a lot
__VWbGvvHaY-00202-00040119-00040343 of getting on the role play this morning
__VWbGvvHaY-00203-00040344-00040567 and one person said hey i had a listing
__VWbGvvHaY-00204-00040568-00040743 that went live on sunday
__VWbGvvHaY-00205-00040744-00041195 on monday morning we had 137 offers
__VWbGvvHaY-00206-00041196-00041630 137 offers
__VWbGvvHaY-00207-00041631-00041751 50 of them
__VWbGvvHaY-00208-00041752-00042295 asked price list price or higher
__VWbGvvHaY-00209-00042296-00042511 do you think that if i was that agent i
__VWbGvvHaY-00210-00042512-00042646 would absolutely be having that
__VWbGvvHaY-00211-00042647-00042807 conversation that's when we made our
__VWbGvvHaY-00212-00042808-00042990 live videos
__VWbGvvHaY-00213-00042991-00043151 explaining
__VWbGvvHaY-00214-00043152-00043455 let's go back 157 you said and then 50
__VWbGvvHaY-00215-00043456-00043623 plus
__VWbGvvHaY-00216-00043624-00043767 50-ish
__VWbGvvHaY-00217-00043768-00043943 over-asking it was 50 something that
__VWbGvvHaY-00218-00043944-00044302 were that were over asking
__VWbGvvHaY-00219-00044303-00045030 so a hundred or so people have no clue
__VWbGvvHaY-00220-00045031-00045255 if you look at that it's two-thirds if
__VWbGvvHaY-00221-00045256-00045415 you're doing it that way two-thirds of
__VWbGvvHaY-00222-00045416-00045590 people don't understand the real estate
__VWbGvvHaY-00223-00045591-00045767 market that they're in
__VWbGvvHaY-00224-00045768-00045951 so if i was that agent i would i would
__VWbGvvHaY-00225-00045952-00046143 go live on facebook instagram whatever
__VWbGvvHaY-00226-00046144-00046287 and say hey jeff stanton douglas helm
__VWbGvvHaY-00227-00046288-00046390 you know what we had a listing this
__VWbGvvHaY-00228-00046391-00046662 weekend that you know first open house
__VWbGvvHaY-00229-00046663-00046918 was on sunday went live on sunday monday
__VWbGvvHaY-00230-00046919-00047095 we had and go through the whole entire
__VWbGvvHaY-00231-00047096-00047295 process and i explained the reason why
__VWbGvvHaY-00232-00047296-00047511 i'm live now giving the scenario so i
__VWbGvvHaY-00233-00047512-00047718 want to let you to know if you're a
__VWbGvvHaY-00234-00047719-00047943 buyer in today's market in this market
__VWbGvvHaY-00235-00047944-00048286 in my market this is what you can expect
__VWbGvvHaY-00236-00048287-00048502 and go through the process of expect
__VWbGvvHaY-00237-00048503-00048679 there to be multiple offers expected to
__VWbGvvHaY-00238-00048680-00048871 be over bidding again if you're looking
__VWbGvvHaY-00239-00048872-00049007 at a fight in some of the areas if
__VWbGvvHaY-00240-00049008-00049255 you're looking at a 400 000 home
__VWbGvvHaY-00241-00049256-00049518 and you know houses getting bid up
__VWbGvvHaY-00242-00049519-00049630 you're probably not going to look at a
__VWbGvvHaY-00243-00049631-00049830 400 000 list price home you're probably
__VWbGvvHaY-00244-00049831-00049979 gonna look at a
__VWbGvvHaY-00245-00049980-00050246 360 list price home right most of my
__VWbGvvHaY-00246-00050247-00050446 areas you know hey if you're looking at
__VWbGvvHaY-00247-00050447-00050646 a two million dollar property guess what
__VWbGvvHaY-00248-00050647-00050815 don't look at a two million dollar list
__VWbGvvHaY-00249-00050816-00050951 property if you only want to pay two
__VWbGvvHaY-00250-00050952-00051095 million dollars you're probably gonna
__VWbGvvHaY-00251-00051096-00051230 have to look at a one point five one
__VWbGvvHaY-00252-00051232-00051375 point six
__VWbGvvHaY-00253-00051376-00051526 because it's going to get bid up two
__VWbGvvHaY-00254-00051527-00051790 three four five hundred thousand dollars
__VWbGvvHaY-00255-00051791-00051958 yeah and and i think if we're we're
__VWbGvvHaY-00256-00051959-00052214 giving it here's a good live stream
__VWbGvvHaY-00257-00052215-00052447 advice folks
__VWbGvvHaY-00258-00052448-00052671 study study the market really be a
__VWbGvvHaY-00259-00052672-00052982 student of the game not just your comps
__VWbGvvHaY-00260-00052983-00053103 like what's
__VWbGvvHaY-00261-00053104-00053303 what has sold or what's currently on the
__VWbGvvHaY-00262-00053304-00053494 market and what's pending but you have
__VWbGvvHaY-00263-00053495-00053711 to go really analyze that data and say
__VWbGvvHaY-00264-00053712-00053871 just like jeffrey said i know that on
__VWbGvvHaY-00265-00053872-00054166 average for me in my market it's around
__VWbGvvHaY-00266-00054167-00054423 20 over asking that stuff sells for when
__VWbGvvHaY-00267-00054424-00054494 it's
__VWbGvvHaY-00268-00054495-00054687 when it's competitive do you have dogs
__VWbGvvHaY-00269-00054688-00054879 that sell around asking or do you have
__VWbGvvHaY-00270-00054879-00055135 some in the rarity that sell below in
__VWbGvvHaY-00271-00055136-00055359 the like five percentile that sell below
__VWbGvvHaY-00272-00055360-00055630 for whatever reason yeah but if i know
__VWbGvvHaY-00273-00055632-00055847 that number then i can go in and have a
__VWbGvvHaY-00274-00055848-00055999 conversation with my client and say look
__VWbGvvHaY-00275-00056000-00056150 at on average
__VWbGvvHaY-00276-00056151-00056350 this property that's at 500 will sell
__VWbGvvHaY-00277-00056351-00056511 for
__VWbGvvHaY-00278-00056512-00056775 600 right 20 over asking is another 100
__VWbGvvHaY-00279-00056776-00056887 grand over
__VWbGvvHaY-00280-00056888-00057079 so if we want to get it we should be in
__VWbGvvHaY-00281-00057079-00057294 the 25 to 30 percent i'd like to use
__VWbGvvHaY-00282-00057295-00057494 percentages rather than
__VWbGvvHaY-00283-00057495-00057671 rather than dollar signs because you
__VWbGvvHaY-00284-00057672-00057807 know twenty percent overall it's gonna
__VWbGvvHaY-00285-00057808-00058094 scare people yeah it's like uh 20 over
__VWbGvvHaY-00286-00058095-00058375 or we gotta go a hundred thousand
__VWbGvvHaY-00287-00058376-00058671 dollars over asking
__VWbGvvHaY-00288-00058672-00059000 and and mike and our
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00000-00000143-00000503 okay let's make a start so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00001-00000504-00000726 i brought this little guy back again you
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00002-00000727-00000878 may remember him from the very first
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00003-00000880-00001015 lecture of the the course
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00004-00001016-00001358 so i said this is called a drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00005-00001359-00001566 this is an example of a heat engine in
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00006-00001567-00001671 that it's using a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00007-00001672-00002014 difference in temperature to do work but
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00008-00002016-00002142 since i showed it to you in the first
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00009-00002143-00002279 class i haven't actually explained how
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00010-00002280-00002383 it works yet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00011-00002384-00002558 so i thought as this is the last lecture
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00012-00002559-00002767 before the exam i would just
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00013-00002768-00002975 use some of the concepts we've seen to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00014-00002976-00003134 explain how this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00015-00003135-00003399 works okay so why the bird is drinking
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00016-00003400-00003511 the water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00017-00003511-00004263 okay
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00018-00004264-00004422 now the critical idea is something
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00019-00004423-00004622 called vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00020-00004623-00004919 so i'm going to spend most of this class
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00021-00004920-00005151 describing exactly what vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00022-00005152-00005263 is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00023-00005264-00005447 and then i'll explain how the bird uses
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00024-00005448-00005847 this to to actually function
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00025-00005848-00006143 okay so the start is something similar
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00026-00006144-00006286 to what we've seen before suppose i've
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00027-00006287-00006550 got a box
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00028-00006551-00006942 and i fill this box with some liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00029-00006943-00007327 for example it could be water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00030-00007328-00007551 it doesn't have to be some kind of pure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00031-00007552-00007806 liquid okay not a mixture
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00032-00007808-00008110 so in here we have a liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00033-00008111-00008374 and i'm going to suppose that initially
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00034-00008375-00008967 the top of the box is empty so initially
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00035-00008968-00009367 this is a vacuum
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00036-00009368-00009735 okay so i start with this right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00037-00009736-00009999 now if you remember we saw the phase
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00038-00010000-00010238 diagram
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00039-00010239-00010463 at the start of this course or near the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00040-00010464-00010614 start of this course
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00041-00010615-00010846 this is we can describe the phase of a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00042-00010847-00010974 substance
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00043-00010975-00011327 is it a solid or a liquid or a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00044-00011328-00011551 in terms of the temperature and the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00045-00011552-00011710 pressure that is at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00046-00011711-00011919 and you see that you get a graphic look
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00047-00011920-00012342 something like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00048-00012343-00012487 like this and there's a point here where
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00049-00012488-00012655 it finishes
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00050-00012656-00013071 okay um in this region it's a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00051-00013072-00013351 up here it's a liquid and in this region
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00052-00013352-00013447 it's a solid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00053-00013447-00013719 right we saw this in one of the first
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00054-00013719-00014015 lectures of the course
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00055-00014016-00014343 now suppose we're at some temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00056-00014344-00014719 t down here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00057-00014719-00014943 then initially because this is a vacuum
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00058-00014944-00015366 there's zero pressure here right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00059-00015368-00015511 because this is a vacuum there's zero
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00060-00015512-00015750 pressure but if there's zero pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00061-00015751-00016222 then
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00062-00016223-00016447 if there's zero pressure then the system
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00063-00016448-00016543 will the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00064-00016544-00016703 the substance will want to be in the gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00065-00016704-00016911 form so what happens
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00066-00016912-00017575 is that some of the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00067-00017576-00018311 liquid will evaporate to form a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00068-00018312-00019199 some liquid evaporates
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00069-00019200-00019527 so then you get a new picture of the box
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00070-00019528-00019775 you still got liquid in the bottom half
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00071-00019776-00019991 but some of the liquid has evaporated
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00072-00019992-00020391 and has created a gas here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00073-00020392-00020567 okay so it's no longer a vacuum at the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00074-00020568-00020871 top and the pressure at the top
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00075-00020872-00021471 let's call it pa
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00076-00021472-00021599 so the question is when does this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00077-00021600-00021855 process reach an equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00078-00021856-00022222 and on the present on the phase diagram
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00079-00022223-00022311 like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00080-00022312-00022567 as the liquid evaporates the pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00081-00022568-00022703 will increase the temperature also
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00082-00022704-00022863 slightly decreases
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00083-00022864-00023063 i'll talk about that reason for that
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00084-00023064-00023222 later
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00085-00023223-00023375 and this will happen until it reaches
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00086-00023376-00023599 the point here it reaches the point at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00087-00023600-00023863 which liquid and gas can coexist
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00088-00023864-00024230 at the same temperature and pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00089-00024231-00024391 and at this point it will stop so i'll
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00090-00024392-00024822 call this point a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00091-00024823-00025063 so in this system equilibrium is reached
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00092-00025064-00025303 once the pressure reaches a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00093-00025304-00025606 so once enough gas has been created to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00094-00025607-00025831 make this pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00095-00025832-00026990 you will reach an equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00096-00026991-00028423 at the point a in the phase diagram
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00097-00028424-00028695 so vapor pressure is simply the pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00098-00028695-00028951 at which the equilibrium is reached
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00099-00028952-00029135 it's the pressure of the gas when it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00100-00029136-00029318 becomes in equilibrium with the water so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00101-00029319-00029383 on this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00102-00029383-00029727 graph here the vapor pressure pa
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00103-00029727-00030270 is just that
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00104-00030272-00030883 with pa this is the pressure at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00105-00030883-00031399 equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00106-00031400-00031935 is called
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00107-00031936-00032790 the vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00108-00032791-00033039 okay so that simply defines the vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00109-00033040-00033118 pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00110-00033119-00033318 it's the pressure at which gas and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00111-00033319-00033583 liquid will
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00112-00033584-00033718 the pressure at which gas and liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00113-00033719-00034055 will coexist
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00114-00034056-00034383 okay so i got some examples to just to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00115-00034384-00034527 give you some idea of this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00116-00034528-00035127 so for water for example
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00117-00035128-00035279 it depends upon temperature so we have
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00118-00035280-00035662 to specify at 20 degrees
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00119-00035663-00035935 the pressure vapor pressure of water is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00120-00035936-00036071 approximately
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00121-00036072-00037190 2.3 times 10 to the 3 pascals
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00122-00037191-00037579 so this is for reference this is about
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00123-00037580-00037759 0.02
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00124-00037760-00037959 atmospheres right so about 2 percent of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00125-00037960-00038423 atmospheric pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00126-00038424-00038718 and it corresponds to if you use the if
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00127-00038719-00038902 you treat this as an ideal gas you can
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00128-00038903-00038967 work it out
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00129-00038968-00039327 it corresponds to about 18 milliliters
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00130-00039328-00039767 of water per meter cubed
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00131-00039768-00040095 water vapor this is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00132-00040096-00040415 okay so that's a bad unit really 18
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00133-00040416-00040630 grams i should say 18 grams per meter
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00134-00040631-00041527 cubed of water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00135-00041528-00041758 okay but as i said it does depend on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00136-00041759-00041887 temperature and it depends quite
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00137-00041888-00042055 significantly on temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00138-00042056-00042223 if i change the temperature by 10
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00139-00042224-00042367 degrees then this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00140-00042368-00042646 vapor pressure for water approximately
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00141-00042647-00042943 doubles
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00142-00042944-00043295 so if delta t if i increase by about 10
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00143-00043296-00043483 degrees c
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00144-00043484-00043862 then
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00145-00043863-00045246 pa is approximately doubled
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00146-00045247-00045479 okay which means it's a logarithmic
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00147-00045480-00045623 dependence on temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00148-00045624-00045855 okay changing by plus or minus 10
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00149-00045856-00046118 degrees either doubles or halves the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00150-00046119-00046374 vapor pressure for water okay so it's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00151-00046375-00047415 very sensitive to temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00152-00047416-00047718 okay so this is a model for example if
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00153-00047719-00047807 you've just got water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00154-00047808-00048086 in a box and nothing else in that box
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00155-00048087-00048207 except water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00156-00048208-00048495 but in the atmosphere for example it's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00157-00048496-00048599 not really like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00158-00048600-00048790 in the atmosphere we've got water we've
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00159-00048791-00048951 got water vapor but we've also got
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00160-00048952-00049239 oxygen nitrogen lots of other stuff
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00161-00049240-00049383 so the next question is what happens
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00162-00049384-00049630 when there's other stuff in here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00163-00049631-00049774 so i'm going to imagine that we take
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00164-00049775-00050071 this box and we pump air into it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00165-00050072-00050358 so we put other things in there as well
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00166-00050359-00051046 if we pump
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00167-00051047-00052342 into the box to increase the pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00168-00052344-00052542 so now if i'll do it like this i've got
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00169-00052544-00052991 the box
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00170-00052991-00053350 which has got liquid water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00171-00053351-00053975 it's got water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00172-00053976-00054223 but it's also got other stuff right and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00173-00054224-00054415 this other stuff i'll do as red dots
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00174-00054416-00055294 instead of blue dots
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00175-00055295-00055566 so we pump in air the mixture of various
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00176-00055567-00056087 things into it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00177-00056088-00056319 now if you do this you find that the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00178-00056320-00056550 equilibrium in terms of the amount of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00179-00056551-00056871 water vapor does not change
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00180-00056872-00057142 so regardless of what other stuff you
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00181-00057144-00057230 pump into here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00182-00057232-00057454 the equilibrium the amount of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00183-00057455-00057663 vapor the system sustains
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00184-00057664-00058375 is the same
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00185-00058376-00058882 okay so we can do this but at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00186-00058883-00059191 equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00187-00059191-00059479 the amount of water pressure the amount
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00188-00059479-00059879 of water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00189-00059879-00060166 okay but okay i'm being general so the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00190-00060167-00060487 amount of gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00191-00060488-00060991 the amount of original gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00192-00060991-00061742 is unchanged
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00193-00061744-00061935 so pumping air into this does not change
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00194-00061936-00062047 the amount of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00195-00062048-00062726 water vapor at equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00196-00062727-00062975 so this means if i go back to the phase
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00197-00062976-00063287 diagram again
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00198-00063288-00063447 if i got to this point and then i add
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00199-00063448-00063638 the air and the air brings me up to some
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00200-00063639-00063815 point here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00201-00063816-00064342 b
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00202-00064344-00064519 it's a little bit misleading to call
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00203-00064520-00064750 this the liquid phase
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00204-00064751-00064919 because what actually happens here is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00205-00064920-00065063 there's an equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00206-00065064-00065375 of a liquid and gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00207-00065376-00065559 most of the substance is liquid but
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00208-00065560-00065823 there is still some gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00209-00065824-00066038 present so this phase is really in
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00210-00066039-00066199 equilibrium the same is true here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00211-00066200-00066367 there's an equilibrium between the solid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00212-00066368-00066647 phase and the gas phase
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00213-00066648-00067023 right this is important well this is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00214-00067024-00067215 important to life on earth because this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00215-00067216-00067487 is true in the atmosphere okay
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00216-00067488-00068063 we're at what about 20 degrees today
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00217-00068064-00068223 so that tells you that water is in the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00218-00068224-00068382 liquid phase so for example i've got
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00219-00068383-00068535 some liquid water here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00220-00068536-00068775 but there is also gas there's water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00221-00068776-00068903 vapor in the air
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00222-00068904-00069071 okay so it's not true to say that all
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00223-00069072-00069303 water is liquid you have some amount of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00224-00069304-00069382 gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00225-00069383-00069535 okay and this is the reason you can get
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00226-00069536-00069767 rain because that's water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00227-00069768-00069935 condensing in the atmosphere turning
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00228-00069936-00070199 into rain and falling down
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00229-00070200-00070606 this presence of water vapor is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00230-00070607-00070919 as i say very important for us so we can
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00231-00070920-00071191 quantify this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00232-00071192-00071350 and you probably would have seen this in
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00233-00071351-00071567 weather forecasts you can quantify the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00234-00071568-00071623 amount
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00235-00071624-00071862 of water vapor relative to the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00236-00071863-00071982 equilibrium amount
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00237-00071983-00072687 this is called the relative humidity
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00238-00072688-00072847 so the relative humidity now i am
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00239-00072848-00073062 talking specifically about water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00240-00073063-00073319 this is equal to the density of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00241-00073320-00073431 vapor in the air
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00242-00073432-00074282 divided by what it should be at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00243-00074283-00074791 equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00244-00074792-00075255 density of water vapor in the air
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00245-00075256-00075799 divided by density
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00246-00075800-00076279 water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00247-00076280-00076879 at equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00248-00076880-00077047 okay and it's usually expressed as this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00249-00077048-00077223 percentage so we multiply by a hundred
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00250-00077224-00077575 percent
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00251-00077576-00077759 okay so for example today i just checked
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00252-00077760-00077975 the weather forecast today
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00253-00077976-00078511 in bhutan at 3 pm it had
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00254-00078512-00078743 a temperature of approximately 18
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00255-00078744-00078879 degrees c
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00256-00078880-00079647 and the relative humidity
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00257-00079648-00080199 let's call it little h was 37
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00258-00080200-00080543 okay this means that the atmosphere
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00259-00080544-00080791 today is only holding a third
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00260-00080792-00081223 of the maximum amount of water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00261-00081224-00081406 at equilibrium it can hold almost three
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00262-00081407-00081559 times as much water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00263-00081560-00082750 that's what this is saying
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00264-00082751-00083006 and in general this is true on most days
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00265-00083007-00083103 the humidity
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00266-00083104-00083247 the amount of water vapor in the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00267-00083248-00083487 atmosphere is less than the equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00268-00083488-00083567 amount
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00269-00083568-00083735 okay so our atmosphere is not an
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00270-00083736-00084006 equilibrium system
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00271-00084007-00084255 so for example this means that if i have
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00272-00084256-00084431 a source of liquid water like i do in
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00273-00084432-00084550 this cup
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00274-00084551-00084871 some of this liquid water will evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00275-00084872-00085023 because at equilibrium this should be a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00276-00085024-00085175 hundred percent
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00277-00085176-00085367 so more of the water wants to turn into
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00278-00085368-00085599 a gas so if i leave this cup here long
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00279-00085600-00085655 enough
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00280-00085656-00085855 then you will see that the level of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00281-00085856-00086047 liquid drops because water is turned
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00282-00086048-00086462 into gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00283-00086463-00086775 so let me write that so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00284-00086776-00087079 if the relative humidity h
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00285-00087080-00087431 is less than 100 then liquid water will
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00286-00087432-00088855 evaporate into gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00287-00088856-00089359 okay so if i have
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00288-00089360-00089567 a puddle of water say i spill some water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00289-00089568-00089703 on the surface
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00290-00089704-00090191 is a puddle of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00291-00090192-00090471 then over time the amount of water on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00292-00090472-00091318 this surface will shrink
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00293-00091319-00091623 okay until there's nothing left okay so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00294-00091624-00091791 the water will evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00295-00091792-00093094 it will evaporate and turn into a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00296-00093095-00093279 okay and you're all used to this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00297-00093280-00093487 phenomenon right if you spill water on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00298-00093488-00093559 the floor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00299-00093560-00093703 if you leave it there for long enough it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00300-00093704-00093887 disappears so what's happened
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00301-00093888-00094038 is that the relative humidity is less
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00302-00094039-00094335 than 100 that means the water prefers to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00303-00094336-00094471 be in a gaseous state
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00304-00094472-00094750 so the liquid water over time will turn
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00305-00094751-00094871 into a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00306-00094872-00095135 and disappear well become invisible to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00307-00095136-00095503 us anyway
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00308-00095504-00095743 okay this is very important for example
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00309-00095744-00095991 if you want to dry clothes
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00310-00095992-00096399 just by hanging them up
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00311-00096400-00096582 right if you want to dry clothes just by
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00312-00096583-00096711 hanging them up in a room
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00313-00096712-00096943 you rely on this effect right after
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00314-00096944-00097094 you've washed clothes they're wet they
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00315-00097095-00097318 contain liquid water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00316-00097319-00097494 you need the water to evaporate in order
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00317-00097495-00098167 for the clothes to dry
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00318-00098168-00098343 and this explains why if you've ever
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00319-00098344-00098479 tried drying clothes
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00320-00098480-00098750 in the summer in korea it takes a long
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00321-00098751-00098847 time
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00322-00098848-00098982 if you hang up clothes in the summer
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00323-00098983-00099199 they take a long time to dry the reason
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00324-00099200-00099471 is that the korean summer is very humid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00325-00099472-00099631 in the korean summer this can get up to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00326-00099632-00099855 80 or 90 percent
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00327-00099856-00100118 that means the process of evaporation is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00328-00100119-00100247 very very slow there's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00329-00100248-00100406 already a lot of water vapor in the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00330-00100407-00100847 atmosphere so there isn't much
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00331-00100848-00101087 there isn't much impetus for liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00332-00101088-00101159 water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00333-00101160-00101399 to evaporate and therefore your clothes
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00334-00101400-00101471 stay wet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00335-00101472-00102055 because the humidity is high
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00336-00102056-00102318 okay now the opposite effect also
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00337-00102319-00102478 happens if this humidity
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00338-00102479-00102782 as it sometimes does goes above 100 then
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00339-00102783-00102886 this means that there's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00340-00102888-00103230 more water vapor in the atmosphere than
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00341-00103231-00103399 it will support at equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00342-00103400-00103623 now in this case you get liquid water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00343-00103624-00103854 forming out of the atmosphere
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00344-00103855-00104006 for example this is the process through
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00345-00104007-00104271 which rain forms
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00346-00104272-00104502 it goes water vapor rises up to the high
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00347-00104503-00104742 atmosphere where it's colder
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00348-00104743-00105039 the vapor pressure drops the water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00349-00105040-00105871 condenses and then falls as rain
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00350-00105872-00106483 so if h is greater than 100
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00351-00106483-00106871 then the water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00352-00106872-00107278 will condense
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00353-00107279-00107831 from the earth
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00354-00107832-00108007 okay so i gave you two examples of this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00355-00108008-00108839 the first one is the formation of rain
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00356-00108840-00109134 as you go high up the the temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00357-00109135-00109351 dependence is very important right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00358-00109352-00109495 as you go high up in the atmosphere the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00359-00109496-00109702 temperature drops if the temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00360-00109703-00109807 drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00361-00109808-00110127 then the equilibrium density of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00362-00110128-00110215 vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00363-00110216-00110534 increases okay and for a 10 change
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00364-00110535-00110775 in the temperature the density of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00365-00110776-00110839 vapor is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00366-00110840-00111119 halved so it can hold much less water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00367-00111120-00111183 vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00368-00111183-00111343 so as it goes up to the atmosphere it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00369-00111344-00111590 gets cold the atmosphere can hold less
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00370-00111591-00111686 water vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00371-00111688-00111983 and at some point this reaches 100 and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00372-00111983-00112231 then the water forms liquid so it forms
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00373-00112232-00112423 balls of liquid in the atmosphere
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00374-00112424-00112886 and these fall as rain
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00375-00112888-00113086 another example is if you wake up early
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00376-00113088-00113239 in the morning you sometimes find that
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00377-00113240-00113343 on the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00378-00113344-00113647 grass or in on cars there is water right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00379-00113648-00113831 they have water condensed on them
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00380-00113832-00114166 this is called dew
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00381-00114167-00114766 so due on a cold morning
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00382-00114767-00114943 is another example of this so for
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00383-00114944-00115102 example today when i
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00384-00115103-00115447 drove to university i had to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00385-00115448-00115647 wipe my car because my car was covered
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00386-00115648-00115751 in water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00387-00115752-00115943 the reason is in the night the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00388-00115944-00116127 temperature drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00389-00116128-00116278 that means the amount of water the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00390-00116279-00116510 atmosphere can hold it also drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00391-00116511-00116751 the humidity increases and once it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00392-00116752-00116990 reaches 100 the water starts to form out
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00393-00116991-00117071 the atmosphere
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00394-00117072-00117439 as liquid so that's why you get wet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00395-00117440-00118327 on a cold morning
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00396-00118328-00118534 okay now let me start to explain what
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00397-00118535-00118663 this has got to do with
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00398-00118664-00119854 the drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00399-00119855-00120039 so there's a phenomena called
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00400-00120040-00120831 evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00401-00120832-00121151 which is related to these effects and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00402-00121152-00121383 evaporative cooling is the driving force
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00403-00121383-00121478 of the drinking
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00404-00121479-00121883 bird that is the force upon which it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00405-00121883-00122134 relies
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00406-00122135-00122310 so i said if the relative humidity is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00407-00122311-00122447 less than 100
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00408-00122448-00122751 then water wants to evaporate but
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00409-00122752-00122839 evaporation
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00410-00122840-00123127 is turning from a liquid into a gas and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00411-00123128-00123223 if you remember
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00412-00123224-00123447 in order for water to turn into a liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00413-00123448-00123623 from a liquid to a gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00414-00123624-00123807 it requires energy there's something
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00415-00123808-00123951 called the latent heat of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00416-00123952-00124207 vaporization which is necessary for the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00417-00124208-00124351 water to turn
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00418-00124352-00124719 into a gas okay so for
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00419-00124720-00125310 a mass a small mass delta m of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00420-00125311-00126199 to evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00421-00126200-00126527 it requires
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00422-00126528-00126895 an energy it requires an energy
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00423-00126896-00127151 delta e small amount of energy is equal
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00424-00127152-00127295 to delta m
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00425-00127296-00127671 times the latent heat of vaporization
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00426-00127672-00127847 and for water this is pretty big it's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00427-00127848-00127999 about 2
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00428-00128000-00128390 times 10 to the 6 joules
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00429-00128391-00128814 per kilogram of water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00430-00128815-00128999 so as this water is evaporating it must
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00431-00129000-00129166 be taking energy from somewhere
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00432-00129167-00129390 in order to turn into a gas and where
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00433-00129391-00129551 does this energy come from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00434-00129552-00129758 well it comes from the surroundings it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00435-00129759-00129871 comes from the water and the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00436-00129872-00130134 surroundings
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00437-00130135-00130575 this energy
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00438-00130576-00131543 from the remaining water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00439-00131544-00132199 and the surroundings
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00440-00132200-00132327 it must this energy must come from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00441-00132328-00132519 somewhere right and it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00442-00132520-00132966 comes from what is around this water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00443-00132967-00133239 so as it evaporated draws energy from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00444-00133240-00133383 the rest of the water and the things
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00445-00133384-00133478 surrounding it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00446-00133479-00133654 and therefore the temperature of the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00447-00133655-00133887 water drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00448-00133888-00134039 it takes energy out of the water in
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00449-00134040-00134271 order to evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00450-00134272-00134407 so therefore the temperature of the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00451-00134408-00134654 water drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00452-00134655-00135790 temperature of the liquid water at least
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00453-00135791-00136119 so as evaporation happens things are
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00454-00136120-00136247 cooled
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00455-00136248-00136478 because of this effect and this effect
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00456-00136479-00138047 is called evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00457-00138048-00138287 okay and a very obvious example of this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00458-00138288-00138431 although not the nicest one
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00459-00138432-00138878 is sweat
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00460-00138879-00139135 okay why do we sweat we sweat in order
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00461-00139136-00139278 to help ourselves cool
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00462-00139279-00139431 right if you do a lot of work and you
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00463-00139432-00139678 get yourself all hot then you sweat
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00464-00139679-00139927 this creates a thin layer of water on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00465-00139928-00140063 your body surface
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00466-00140064-00140471 as that water evaporates it cools
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00467-00140472-00140727 so by sweating you manage to reduce your
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00468-00140728-00140863 temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00469-00140864-00141031 this is the purpose of sweat and it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00470-00141032-00141183 works because of this evaporative
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00471-00141184-00141678 cooling effect
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00472-00141679-00141935 and as i said this evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00473-00141936-00142078 effect is essential
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00474-00142079-00142263 for the workings of this drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00475-00142264-00142383 here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00476-00142384-00142623 so it's also true that in the korean
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00477-00142624-00142766 summer when it's very humid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00478-00142767-00142983 this bird does not work very well
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00479-00142984-00143175 because it relies upon evaporation to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00480-00143176-00143223 drive
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00481-00143224-00143519 the heat cycle so at the moment the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00482-00143520-00143678 humidity is quite low and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00483-00143679-00144631 it works very well
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00484-00144632-00144807 now just one more thing before we go on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00485-00144808-00145039 to describe the drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00486-00145040-00145302 in detail this evaporative cooling is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00487-00145303-00145383 useful for
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00488-00145384-00145751 another well in another way rather than
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00489-00145752-00145863 just sweating
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00490-00145864-00146231 so i want to explain what that is now
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00491-00146232-00146431 suppose we've got a similar system to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00492-00146432-00146575 the one i showed you before that means
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00493-00146576-00146766 i've got a box
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00494-00146767-00147054 filled with an equilibrium mixture of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00495-00147055-00147143 liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00496-00147144-00147487 liquid in the of a particular substance
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00497-00147488-00147790 and a gaseous phase of a particular
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00498-00147791-00148078 substance
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00499-00148079-00148483 okay
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00500-00148484-00148735 and what i'm going to do is i'm going to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00501-00148736-00148887 take this at equilibrium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00502-00148888-00149883 and i'm going to start pumping out the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00503-00149884-00151239 gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00504-00151240-00151383 now what happens if you start pumping
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00505-00151384-00151551 out the gas right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00506-00151552-00151926 well the pressure will drop
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00507-00151927-00152087 and that means that more of the liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00508-00152088-00152271 will evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00509-00152272-00152414 so as you pump out the gas more of the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00510-00152415-00152683 liquid will evaporate to maintain the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00511-00152684-00153014 pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00512-00153015-00153663 the liquid evaporates
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00513-00153664-00154031 to maintain
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00514-00154032-00154807 the vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00515-00154808-00154975 but because of evaporative cooling as it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00516-00154976-00155214 evaporates it cools
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00517-00155215-00156351 so this evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00518-00156352-00156551 tells you that the temperature of the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00519-00156552-00156883 water the temperature of the liquid will
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00520-00156884-00158543 drop
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00521-00158544-00158783 okay so as i keep pumping out the gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00522-00158784-00158975 the temperature gets lower and lower and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00523-00158976-00159151 lower
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00524-00159152-00159319 because i keep pumping out gas the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00525-00159320-00159478 liquid keeps evaporating
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00526-00159479-00159871 the temperature keeps dropping
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00527-00159872-00160039 and in fact what's happening on a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00528-00160040-00160214 pressure temperature phase diagram like
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00529-00160215-00160366 this is you start at this point
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00530-00160367-00160535 as i pump out the gas the temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00531-00160536-00160711 drops the system
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00532-00160712-00160919 rearranges itself to always remain along
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00533-00160920-00161271 this line so i will move along this line
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00534-00161272-00161487 and it also works in the solid phase as
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00535-00161488-00161702 well
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00536-00161703-00161919 so as i keep pumping i will move along
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00537-00161920-00162054 this line and you can see that the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00538-00162055-00162343 temperature drops and drops and drops
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00539-00162344-00162647 and in this way you can reach very very
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00540-00162648-00162735 low temperatures
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00541-00162736-00162999 by continually pumping out the gas you
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00542-00163000-00164287 can reach very low temperatures
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00543-00164288-00164487 so this is one of the mechanisms by
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00544-00164488-00164719 which in the laboratory you can get
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00545-00164720-00164902 systems down to very low temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00546-00164903-00165287 using this effect
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00547-00165288-00165447 and a famous example is that you may
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00548-00165448-00165614 have heard of something called
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00549-00165615-00165743 superfluid helium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00550-00165744-00166031 superfluid helium occurs at about 2
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00551-00166032-00166143 kelvin
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00552-00166144-00166683 and it was first discovered by this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00553-00166684-00166999 effect
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00554-00167000-00168143 healing 4 was first discovered
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00555-00168144-00168614 by this way by evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00556-00168615-00168943 cooling of just
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00557-00168944-00169678 ordinary liquid helium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00558-00169679-00169895 okay and as i said you can get down to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00559-00169896-00170071 very low temperatures and to see the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00560-00170072-00170183 superfluid helium
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00561-00170184-00170783 you need to get down to about two kelvin
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00562-00170784-00170959 so this is an important laboratory
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00563-00170960-00171438 technique as well
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00564-00171439-00171775 okay so finally now i can get down to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00565-00171776-00171863 describing
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00566-00171864-00173087 the details of the drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00567-00173088-00173326 okay so i'm going to draw a very rough
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00568-00173327-00173526 picture of it to show you how it works
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00569-00173527-00173831 it's got a head got a hat on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00570-00173832-00174207 you know the head got a beak like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00571-00174208-00174366 and there's a tube which runs down from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00572-00174367-00174726 the head like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00573-00174727-00175038 into a body which is another
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00574-00175039-00175254 let's feel like this okay and it's very
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00575-00175255-00175423 important the tube goes right into the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00576-00175424-00175526 body
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00577-00175527-00175911 okay and then it pivots somewhere around
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00578-00175912-00176054 here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00579-00176055-00176483 so it's held there so it can move up and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00580-00176484-00177159 down
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00581-00177160-00177478 okay and the important thing is the why
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00582-00177479-00177599 is it drinking
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00583-00177600-00177919 it's drinking so that the head is wet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00584-00177920-00178135 and this is the critical detail the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00585-00178136-00179063 is wet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00586-00179064-00179319 so okay so i'm going to call this top
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00587-00179320-00179478 part part a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00588-00179479-00179654 and this bottom part part b when i
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00589-00179655-00179838 explain what's going on
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00590-00179839-00180031 and this is filled with a certain kind
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00591-00180032-00180438 of substance
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00592-00180439-00180695 it's not water i'm not sure what it is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00593-00180696-00180766 actually
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00594-00180767-00180926 but it's filled with a certain kind of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00595-00180927-00181190 substance so you've got some amount of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00596-00181191-00181463 liquid in here and depending upon the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00597-00181464-00181559 situation
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00598-00181560-00182807 it will also rise up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00599-00182808-00183007 okay now inside of this you don't have
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00600-00183008-00183111 any air or anything
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00601-00183112-00183311 so all that's left is the vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00602-00183312-00183607 so this liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00603-00183608-00183823 will evaporate to maintain the vapor
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00604-00183824-00184119 pressure and you get
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00605-00184120-00184326 liquid evaporating down at the bottom
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00606-00184327-00184702 and you also get liquid evaporating
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00607-00184703-00185999 up at the top
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00608-00186000-00186335 so up here and down there you have gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00609-00186336-00187263 at vapor pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00610-00187264-00187566 okay this one we'll call p a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00611-00187567-00189254 this one we'll call p b
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00612-00189255-00189447 so how does it work as i said the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00613-00189448-00190278 critical point is that the head is wet
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00614-00190279-00190438 that means that the water on the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00615-00190439-00190607 will start to evaporate
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00616-00190608-00190814 and evaporative cooling means that the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00617-00190815-00190926 head will become
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00618-00190927-00191238 colder
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00619-00191239-00191799 so evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00620-00191800-00192143 implies that the temperature of the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00621-00192144-00192671 decreases
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00622-00192672-00192871 and as i told you the vapor pressure is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00623-00192872-00193007 very sensitive
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00624-00193008-00193190 to the temperature so as the temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00625-00193191-00193366 decreases
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00626-00193367-00194350 the vapor pressure will also decrease
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00627-00194351-00194502 so this means that there is a pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00628-00194503-00194687 difference right because
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00629-00194688-00194999 the head is cooler the pressure in the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00630-00195000-00195071 body
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00631-00195072-00195302 is greater than the pressure in the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00632-00195303-00196719 so there's a pressure difference
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00633-00196720-00196895 now the system relies upon this pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00634-00196896-00197095 difference in order to work
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00635-00197096-00197383 so you need a big pressure difference
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00636-00197384-00197431 okay
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00637-00197432-00197647 that means the reason that this liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00638-00197648-00197847 is not water is because water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00639-00197848-00198031 does not give you a very big big
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00640-00198032-00198150 pressure difference
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00641-00198151-00198719 based on the temperature so we want
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00642-00198720-00199631 a big pressure difference
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00643-00199632-00199959 this means if i draw this line on the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00644-00199960-00200143 phase diagram pressure as a function of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00645-00200144-00200319 temperature you want it to have a very
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00646-00200320-00200495 big slope
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00647-00200496-00201023 high gradient
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00648-00201024-00201431 so a high gradient here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00649-00201432-00201911 means that a small
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00650-00201912-00202159 change in temperature will give you a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00651-00202160-00202263 big
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00652-00202264-00202599 change in pressure will give you a big
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00653-00202600-00202702 change in pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00654-00202703-00202950 this is the kind of liquid that you want
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00655-00202951-00203078 to use
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00656-00203079-00203263 and liquids which have this property are
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00657-00203264-00203695 called volatile
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00658-00203696-00203999 so inside of this bird i'm not sure what
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00659-00204000-00204038 it is
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00660-00204039-00204247 but it will be some kind of volatile
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00661-00204248-00204366 liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00662-00204367-00204543 a small change of liquid for which a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00663-00204544-00204671 small change in temperature
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00664-00204672-00205727 gives you a big change in pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00665-00205728-00205903 okay so now we can describe the way the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00666-00205904-00206127 bird works why is the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00667-00206128-00206351 pressure difference important the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00668-00206352-00206542 pressure difference is important because
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00669-00206544-00206727 here the pressure is high here the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00670-00206728-00206871 pressure is low
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00671-00206871-00207223 right that means that this pressure here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00672-00207223-00207575 will force the liquid up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00673-00207576-00207814 because there's a difference in pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00674-00207815-00208414 this liquid will be forced up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00675-00208415-00208682 so i'll draw that as a sort of smaller
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00676-00208683-00209366 diagram
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00677-00209367-00209710 here you've got the precious pb pa
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00678-00209711-00209927 the difference in pressure forces the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00679-00209928-00210719 liquid to go up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00680-00210719-00210958 so you've got force down here right the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00681-00210959-00211079 pressure thing
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00682-00211080-00213071 is forcing the liquid up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00683-00213071-00213503 the difference in pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00684-00213504-00214175 forces liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00685-00214176-00214558 up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00686-00214559-00214758 after this class is finished i i
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00687-00214759-00214894 encourage you to come and look at this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00688-00214896-00215071 and you'll see if you look closely
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00689-00215071-00215423 that once it's the bird has drank from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00690-00215423-00215679 the water
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00691-00215680-00215863 as it does there you'll see that the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00692-00215864-00216063 liquid is going up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00693-00216064-00216182 you'll see the blue liquid go up the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00694-00216183-00216367 tube the reason it does so is because of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00695-00216367-00216767 this difference in pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00696-00216767-00216951 okay so what happens next the liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00697-00216952-00217287 continues to rise up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00698-00217288-00217567 the next bit is a bit of mechanics as
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00699-00217567-00217655 the liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00700-00217656-00217991 rises up the tube you reach a point
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00701-00217992-00218998 where it filled high enough
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00702-00219000-00219279 so that the pivot point the center of
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00703-00219280-00219367 mass
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00704-00219367-00220119 rises above the pivot point
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00705-00220119-00220398 so the liquid moving up changes the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00706-00220400-00220558 center of mass and at some point
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00707-00220559-00220942 the center of mass
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00708-00220944-00221398 rises above
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00709-00221400-00221967 pivot point
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00710-00221967-00222327 okay and when this happens newton's laws
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00711-00222328-00222471 of motion tells you that the bird will
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00712-00222471-00222655 tip
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00713-00222656-00222903 this force of gravity acting here will
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00714-00222904-00223015 produce a torque
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00715-00223016-00223910 and the ball the bird will drink
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00716-00223911-00224782 the bird will tip always
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00717-00224783-00225079 so that's what it's doing there okay so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00718-00225080-00225327 in fact it's not perfect it's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00719-00225328-00225551 it rocks back and forth but as the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00720-00225552-00225671 height gets higher and higher these
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00721-00225671-00225782 rocking motions get
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00722-00225783-00226279 further and further down in reality
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00723-00226280-00226446 so we've nearly finished our explanation
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00724-00226448-00226615 now finally
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00725-00226616-00227151 once the bird tips it's stopped by some
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00726-00227152-00227367 well by some supports it's stopped in a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00727-00227367-00227623 horizontal or nearly horizontal position
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00728-00227623-00227894 so it looks something like this here's
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00729-00227896-00228079 the bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00730-00228080-00229039 horizontal now
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00731-00229040-00230831 and you've got liquid in here
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00732-00230832-00231063 what happens now is that the pressures
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00733-00231064-00231206 can equalize
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00734-00231207-00231503 right before i had p a and p b and p b
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00735-00231504-00231751 was bigger than p a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00736-00231752-00232006 right but in the previous diagrams these
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00737-00232007-00232063 two
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00738-00232064-00232334 regions of gas were separated by the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00739-00232335-00232446 tube in between
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00740-00232448-00232751 right so the gas cannot flow
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00741-00232752-00232998 but once the bird is horizontal it opens
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00742-00233000-00233071 up air
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00743-00233071-00233375 well not air it opens up a gap here so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00744-00233376-00233663 that the gas can flow
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00745-00233664-00233903 so once the bed tips horizontal you get
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00746-00233904-00233967 gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00747-00233967-00234215 and we draw it red which will flow to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00748-00234216-00234998 equalize the pressure
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00749-00235000-00235455 so now gas flows
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00750-00235456-00235758 from b to a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00751-00235759-00237063 to equalize the pressures
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00752-00237064-00237255 because there's no liquid in between to
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00753-00237256-00237494 block it now the gas can flow
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00754-00237496-00237694 and as the same time as the gas flows
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00755-00237696-00237798 from
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00756-00237800-00238246 b to a the liquid also flows from a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00757-00238248-00238471 from the head back to the body the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00758-00238471-00240542 liquid flows back down to the body
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00759-00240544-00240798 okay as the liquid flows from the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00760-00240800-00240998 to the body the body gets heavier
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00761-00241000-00241230 again so this bug gets heavier and again
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00762-00241231-00241406 the center of mass moves and it stands
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00763-00241407-00241719 up
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00764-00241719-00242375 the next thing is the bird stands up
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00765-00242376-00242679 so you go back to the initial state
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00766-00242680-00243071 like this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00767-00243071-00243191 where you've got this you've got a
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00768-00243192-00243439 little bit of liquid up the tube
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00769-00243440-00243775 and again now the liquid is again
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00770-00243776-00243975 blocking the flow of gas between the two
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00771-00243976-00244063 chambers
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00772-00244064-00244230 so a pressure difference can establish
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00773-00244231-00244719 itself again through evaporative cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00774-00244719-00245791 and the process repeats
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00775-00245792-00246175 okay and that's it
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00776-00246176-00246415 okay so that's all from this lecture so
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00777-00246416-00246606 let me just explain it one more time the
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00778-00246607-00246751 critical point is there's a difference
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00779-00246752-00246894 in pressure because of evaporative
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00780-00246896-00246975 cooling
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00781-00246976-00247239 the head is colder than the body that
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00782-00247240-00247430 means that the pressure from the body
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00783-00247431-00247775 forces the liquid up into the head
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00784-00247776-00248015 as the liquid goes up into the head this
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00785-00248016-00248079 means that
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00786-00248080-00248351 the ball the center of mass changes and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00787-00248352-00248591 the bird will fall over
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00788-00248592-00248806 once the birds falls over the gas
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00789-00248807-00248958 pressure equalizes
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00790-00248959-00249191 the liquid flows back into the body and
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00791-00249192-00249423 the bird stands up
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00792-00249423-00249734 so and it continues in a cycle right
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00793-00249735-00249879 so this is the way the drinking bird
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00794-00249880-00250055 works as i said if you come and look at
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00795-00250056-00250223 this closely after the lecture
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00796-00250223-00250375 then you can actually see the liquid
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00797-00250376-00250534 flowing in this way
__Zx91Kq9Fu-00798-00250535-00250983 you can see that it works
_DE59DdPNeU-00000-00000051-00000404 Organa Iran chemistry is the chemistry
_DE59DdPNeU-00001-00000405-00000695 of iron compounds containing a carbon to
_DE59DdPNeU-00002-00000696-00000925 iron chemical bond
_DE59DdPNeU-00003-00000926-00001265 organo Iran compounds are relevant in
_DE59DdPNeU-00004-00001266-00001577 organic synthesis as reagents such as
_DE59DdPNeU-00005-00001578-00001835 iron pentacarbonyl die Iran non a
_DE59DdPNeU-00006-00001836-00002099 carbonyl and disodium tetra carbonyl
_DE59DdPNeU-00007-00002100-00002489 four eight iron adopts oxidation states
_DE59DdPNeU-00008-00002490-00002941 from PHA -2 through to PHA 7 although
_DE59DdPNeU-00009-00002942-00003250 iron is generally less active in many
_DE59DdPNeU-00010-00003251-00003523 catalytic applications it is less
_DE59DdPNeU-00011-00003524-00003921 expensive and greener than other metals
_DE59DdPNeU-00012-00003922-00004259 Organa Iran compounds feature a wide
_DE59DdPNeU-00013-00004260-00004522 range of ligands that support the phase
_DE59DdPNeU-00014-00004523-00004859 C bond as with other organo meters these
_DE59DdPNeU-00015-00004860-00005128 supporting ligands prominently include
_DE59DdPNeU-00016-00005129-00005421 phosphines carbon monoxide and
_DE59DdPNeU-00017-00005422-00005689 cyclopentadienyl but hard ligands such
_DE59DdPNeU-00018-00005690-00006466 as a means are employed as well
_DE59DdPNeU-00019-00006467-00007289 topic iron zero and more reduced states
_DE59DdPNeU-00020-00007290-00007646 you
_DE59DdPNeU-00021-00007647-00008326 topic carbonyl complexes
_DE59DdPNeU-00022-00008327-00008620 important iron carbonyls are the three
_DE59DdPNeU-00023-00008621-00008889 neutral binary carbonyls iron
_DE59DdPNeU-00024-00008890-00009199 pentacarbonyl dire on non a carbonyl and
_DE59DdPNeU-00025-00009200-00009583 try on dodeca carbonyl one or more
_DE59DdPNeU-00026-00009584-00009888 carbonyl ligands in these compounds can
_DE59DdPNeU-00027-00009889-00010156 be replaced by a variety of other
_DE59DdPNeU-00028-00010157-00010538 ligands including alkenes and phosphines
_DE59DdPNeU-00029-00010539-00010824 disodium tetra carbonyl for eight
_DE59DdPNeU-00030-00010825-00011212 coleman's reagent can be alkylated
_DE59DdPNeU-00031-00011213-00011482 followed by carbonylation to give the
_DE59DdPNeU-00032-00011483-00011778 acyl derivatives that undergo proton ol
_DE59DdPNeU-00033-00011779-00012069 assists to afford aldehydes
_DE59DdPNeU-00034-00012070-00012562 life Co for carbon monoxide r plus h
_DE59DdPNeU-00035-00012563-00012883 plus r CH o plus iron containing
_DE59DdPNeU-00036-00012884-00013183 products similar iron a sales can be
_DE59DdPNeU-00037-00013184-00013425 accessed by treating iron pentacarbonyl
_DE59DdPNeU-00038-00013426-00013749 with organolithium compounds
_DE59DdPNeU-00039-00013750-00014293 oli plus PHA co v life co for carbon
_DE59DdPNeU-00040-00014294-00014596 monoxide r in this case the carbon Ian
_DE59DdPNeU-00041-00014597-00014991 attacks a co ligand in a complimentary
_DE59DdPNeU-00042-00014993-00015291 reaction coleman's reagent can be used
_DE59DdPNeU-00043-00015293-00015699 to convert acyl chlorides to aldehydes
_DE59DdPNeU-00044-00015700-00016038 similar reactions can be achieved with h
_DE59DdPNeU-00045-00016040-00016883 fe co4 - salts
_DE59DdPNeU-00046-00016884-00017722 topic alkene PHA 0 co derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00047-00017723-00018085 you
_DE59DdPNeU-00048-00018086-00018661 topic monell Kim's
_DE59DdPNeU-00049-00018662-00018927 iron pentacarbonyl reacts
_DE59DdPNeU-00050-00018928-00019174 photochemically with alkenes to give
_DE59DdPNeU-00051-00019175-00019921 fake co 4 alkene
_DE59DdPNeU-00052-00019922-00020747 topic Dean Fay 0co derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00053-00020748-00021083 iron Dean complexes are usually prepared
_DE59DdPNeU-00054-00021084-00021408 from Fae co5 or Fae to
_DE59DdPNeU-00055-00021409-00021607 co9
_DE59DdPNeU-00056-00021608-00021899 derivatives are known for common dines
_DE59DdPNeU-00057-00021900-00022199 like cyclo hexa diene norborne adenine
_DE59DdPNeU-00058-00022200-00022493 cyclooctadiene but even cyclobutadiene
_DE59DdPNeU-00059-00022494-00022894 can be stabilized in the complex with
_DE59DdPNeU-00060-00022895-00023155 butadiene the diene adopts a sis
_DE59DdPNeU-00061-00023156-00023302 conformation
_DE59DdPNeU-00062-00023303-00023675 iron carbonyls are used as a protective
_DE59DdPNeU-00063-00023676-00023993 group for dying's in hydrogenation Xand
_DE59DdPNeU-00064-00023994-00024265 diels-alder reactions
_DE59DdPNeU-00065-00024266-00024553 cyclobutadiene iran tri carbonyl is
_DE59DdPNeU-00066-00024554-00024925 prepared from 3-4 dichloro cyclobutane a
_DE59DdPNeU-00067-00024926-00025261 and PHA to co 9
_DE59DdPNeU-00068-00025262-00025609 cyclo hexa Dean's many derived from
_DE59DdPNeU-00069-00025610-00025897 birch reduction of aromatic compounds
_DE59DdPNeU-00070-00025898-00026399 formed derivatives Dean Fay Co 3 the
_DE59DdPNeU-00071-00026400-00026737 affinity of the Fay Co 3 unit for
_DE59DdPNeU-00072-00026738-00027050 conjugated dying's is manifested in the
_DE59DdPNeU-00073-00027051-00027368 ability of iron carbonyls catalyze the
_DE59DdPNeU-00074-00027369-00027745 isomerization zuv 1:5 cyclooctadiene 2
_DE59DdPNeU-00075-00027747-00028006 1-3 cyclooctadiene
_DE59DdPNeU-00076-00028007-00028327 cyclo hexa diene complexes undergo
_DE59DdPNeU-00077-00028328-00028637 hydride abstraction to give cyclo hexa
_DE59DdPNeU-00078-00028638-00028915 diene all cations which add nucleophiles
_DE59DdPNeU-00079-00028916-00029210 the n own complex benzyl it--and the
_DE59DdPNeU-00080-00029211-00029501 acetone iron tricarbonal serves as a
_DE59DdPNeU-00081-00029502-00029855 source of the PHA co 3 sub unit and is
_DE59DdPNeU-00082-00029856-00030187 employed to prepare other derivatives it
_DE59DdPNeU-00083-00030188-00031108 is used similarly to Faye 2 co 9
_DE59DdPNeU-00084-00031108-00031952 topic Alcon fa0 co derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00085-00031954-00032313 alkanes react with iron carbonyls to
_DE59DdPNeU-00086-00032314-00032606 give a large variety of derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00087-00032607-00032997 derivatives include Farrell's fate to
_DE59DdPNeU-00088-00032998-00033635 see for our for Co 6p quinone Fei co3
_DE59DdPNeU-00089-00033636-00034592 cyclobutadiene Fei co3 and many others
_DE59DdPNeU-00090-00034593-00035008 topic try and poly na fa0
_DE59DdPNeU-00091-00035009-00035458 complexes
_DE59DdPNeU-00092-00035459-00035788 stable iron-containing complexes with
_DE59DdPNeU-00093-00035789-00036055 and without Co ligands are known for a
_DE59DdPNeU-00094-00036056-00036336 wide variety of poly unsaturated
_DE59DdPNeU-00095-00036337-00036679 hydrocarbons eg cyclo head tattoo ene
_DE59DdPNeU-00096-00036680-00037066 azulene and bull Valen in the case of
_DE59DdPNeU-00097-00037067-00037376 cyclops a tetra a caught derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00098-00037377-00037720 include FEI khat two faiths three cot
_DE59DdPNeU-00099-00037721-00038011 three and several mixed carbonyls
_DE59DdPNeU-00100-00038012-00039145 eg fake caught Co 3 and fate to cot Co 6
_DE59DdPNeU-00101-00039146-00039905 topic iron i and iron too
_DE59DdPNeU-00102-00039906-00040268 as fate too is a common oxidation state
_DE59DdPNeU-00103-00040269-00040514 for Fae many Organa we're on two
_DE59DdPNeU-00104-00040515-00040702 compounds are known
_DE59DdPNeU-00105-00040703-00041045 iron one iodide compounds are almost
_DE59DdPNeU-00106-00041046-00041794 always feature Feifei bonds
_DE59DdPNeU-00107-00041795-00042459 topic ferrocene and its derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00108-00042460-00042750 the rapid growth of organometallic
_DE59DdPNeU-00109-00042751-00043072 chemistry in the 20th century can be
_DE59DdPNeU-00110-00043073-00043348 traced to the discovery of ferrocene a
_DE59DdPNeU-00111-00043349-00043642 very stable compound which foreshadowed
_DE59DdPNeU-00112-00043643-00043927 the synthesis of many related sandwich
_DE59DdPNeU-00113-00043928-00044106 compounds
_DE59DdPNeU-00114-00044107-00044395 ferrocene is formed by reaction of
_DE59DdPNeU-00115-00044396-00044487 sodium
_DE59DdPNeU-00116-00044488-00044722 cyclopentadiene IDE with iron ii
_DE59DdPNeU-00117-00044723-00044871 chloride
_DE59DdPNeU-00118-00044872-00045442 to NAC 5 h 5 plus iron ii chloride PHA C
_DE59DdPNeU-00119-00045443-00045579 5 H 5
_DE59DdPNeU-00120-00045580-00045975 2+2 nako ferrocene displays diverse
_DE59DdPNeU-00121-00045976-00046224 reactivity localized on the
_DE59DdPNeU-00122-00046225-00046482 cyclopentadienyl ligands including
_DE59DdPNeU-00123-00046483-00046839 friedel-crafts reactions and the fasion
_DE59DdPNeU-00124-00046840-00047179 ferrocene is also a structurally unusual
_DE59DdPNeU-00125-00047180-00047401 scaffold as illustrated by the
_DE59DdPNeU-00126-00047402-00047764 popularity of ligands such as 1:1 Biss
_DE59DdPNeU-00127-00047765-00048070 diphenyl phosphine Oh Pharaoh seen which
_DE59DdPNeU-00128-00048071-00048324 are useful in catalysis
_DE59DdPNeU-00129-00048325-00048628 treatment of Pharaoh seen with aluminium
_DE59DdPNeU-00130-00048629-00048931 trichloride and benzene gives the cation
_DE59DdPNeU-00131-00048932-00049492 CP fe c 6h 6 plus oxidation of ferrocene
_DE59DdPNeU-00132-00049493-00049819 gives the blue 17 d species ferrocene
_DE59DdPNeU-00133-00049820-00049914 'i'm
_DE59DdPNeU-00134-00049915-00050251 derivatives of fullerene can also act as
_DE59DdPNeU-00135-00050252-00050448 a highly substituted
_DE59DdPNeU-00136-00050449-00051122 cyclopentadienyl ligand
_DE59DdPNeU-00137-00051123-00051503 topic fp2 fp-
_DE59DdPNeU-00138-00051504-00052150 and fp+ and derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00139-00052151-00052605 Faye co5 reacts with cyclopentadiene to
_DE59DdPNeU-00140-00052607-00052804 give the cyclopentadienyl iran
_DE59DdPNeU-00141-00052804-00053429 dicarbonyl dimer fec pco2 to called fp2
_DE59DdPNeU-00142-00053430-00053793 pyrolysis of fp2 gives the cuboidal
_DE59DdPNeU-00143-00053794-00054206 cluster FEC P Co for
_DE59DdPNeU-00144-00054207-00054586 reduction of FP to with sodium gives n
_DE59DdPNeU-00145-00054587-00055060 AF P containing a potent nucleophile and
_DE59DdPNeU-00146-00055061-00055329 precursor to many derivatives of the
_DE59DdPNeU-00147-00055330-00055909 type c PF e co2 are the derivative FPC
_DE59DdPNeU-00148-00055910-00056404 h2s ch3 2 plus has been used in psycho
_DE59DdPNeU-00149-00056404-00056923 preparations the complex CP co2 fate
_DE59DdPNeU-00150-00056924-00057291 plus a.22 vinyl ether plus is a masked
_DE59DdPNeU-00151-00057292-00057594 vinyl cation FP are compounds of
_DE59DdPNeU-00152-00057595-00057886 prochiral and studies have exploited the
_DE59DdPNeU-00153-00057887-00058266 chiral derivatives CP fe pph3
_DE59DdPNeU-00154-00058267-00058935 co a style
_DE59DdPNeU-00155-00058936-00059316 topic I'll call a Lyle and Errol
_DE59DdPNeU-00156-00059316-00059753 compounds
_DE59DdPNeU-00157-00059754-00060104 the simple / alkyl and / aural complexes
_DE59DdPNeU-00158-00060104-00060389 of iron are less numerous than other CP
_DE59DdPNeU-00159-00060390-00060854 & Co derivatives one example is tetra
_DE59DdPNeU-00160-00060854-00061069 methyl Iran
_DE59DdPNeU-00161-00061070-00061577 compounds of the type 803 al fey co 4 +
_DE59DdPNeU-00162-00061578-00061975 X - R a lile cations infants in allylic
_DE59DdPNeU-00163-00061976-00062590 substitution
_DE59DdPNeU-00164-00062591-00063354 topic sulfur and phosphorus derivatives
_DE59DdPNeU-00165-00063355-00063754 complexes of the type fate to senior to
_DE59DdPNeU-00166-00063754-00064366 co6 and Fay to PR to to co6 form usually
_DE59DdPNeU-00167-00064367-00064663 by the reaction of files and secondary
_DE59DdPNeU-00168-00064664-00065024 phosphenes with iron carbonyls the
_DE59DdPNeU-00169-00065025-00065297 thiolate scan also be obtained from the
_DE59DdPNeU-00170-00065298-00066227 tetrahedron iron to sulfide co 6
_DE59DdPNeU-00171-00066228-00066838 topic iron 3
_DE59DdPNeU-00172-00066839-00067186 some organo here on three compounds are
_DE59DdPNeU-00173-00067187-00067474 prepared by oxidation of organo here on
_DE59DdPNeU-00174-00067475-00067900 two compounds a long known example being
_DE59DdPNeU-00175-00067901-00068388 ferrocene IAM c 5 h 5 - FEI +
_DE59DdPNeU-00176-00068389-00068791 organo iran 3 porphyrin complexes in
_DE59DdPNeU-00177-00068792-00069361 numerous
_DE59DdPNeU-00178-00069362-00069763 topic iron IV and higher oxidation
_DE59DdPNeU-00179-00069764-00070235 states
_DE59DdPNeU-00180-00070236-00070646 in fey more Bernal for Fey IV is
_DE59DdPNeU-00181-00070647-00070910 stabilized by an alkyl ligand that
_DE59DdPNeU-00182-00070911-00071232 resists beta hydride elimination
_DE59DdPNeU-00183-00071233-00071599 Organa Iran IV and iron VIII are
_DE59DdPNeU-00184-00071600-00071972 represented by PHA porphyrin to see and
_DE59DdPNeU-00185-00071973-00072337 it's cationic derivative to electron
_DE59DdPNeU-00186-00072338-00072649 oxidation of deca methyl ferrocene gives
_DE59DdPNeU-00187-00072650-00073291 the dication PHA c5 me 5 to 2 plus
_DE59DdPNeU-00188-00073292-00073666 topic organo iran compounds in organic
_DE59DdPNeU-00189-00073667-00073981 synthesis and homogeneous catalysis in
_DE59DdPNeU-00190-00073982-00074317 industrial catalysis iron complexes are
_DE59DdPNeU-00191-00074318-00074626 seldom used in contrast to cobalt and
_DE59DdPNeU-00192-00074627-00074716 nickel
_DE59DdPNeU-00193-00074717-00075071 because of low cost and low toxicity of
_DE59DdPNeU-00194-00075072-00075322 its salts iron is attractive as a
_DE59DdPNeU-00195-00075323-00075732 stoichiometric reagent some areas of
_DE59DdPNeU-00196-00075733-00075937 investigation include linked
_DE59DdPNeU-00197-00075938-00076243 hydrogenation and reduction example
_DE59DdPNeU-00198-00076244-00076651 catalyst Norka complex cross coupling
_DE59DdPNeU-00199-00076652-00077041 reactions iron compounds such as PHA AC
_DE59DdPNeU-00200-00077042-00077419 AC 3 catalyze a wide range of cross
_DE59DdPNeU-00201-00077420-00077707 coupling reactions with one substrate
_DE59DdPNeU-00202-00077708-00077960 and arrow or alkyl grignard and the
_DE59DdPNeU-00203-00077961-00078256 other substrate and erol alkan all vinyl
_DE59DdPNeU-00204-00078257-00078659 or a sile organo halide in the related
_DE59DdPNeU-00205-00078660-00078949 Kumada coupling the catalysts are based
_DE59DdPNeU-00206-00078950-00079306 on palladium and nickel complex is
_DE59DdPNeU-00207-00079307-00079585 derived from Schiff bases or active
_DE59DdPNeU-00208-00079586-00080388 catalysts for olefin polymerization
_DE59DdPNeU-00209-00080389-00080557 topic
_DE59DdPNeU-00210-00080558-00081000 biochemistry
_DE59DdPNeU-00211-00081001-00081285 in the area of by organometallic
_DE59DdPNeU-00212-00081286-00081630 chemistry organic species are found at
_DE59DdPNeU-00213-00081631-00081801 the active sites of the three
_DE59DdPNeU-00214-00081802-00082095 hydrogenase enzymes as well as carbon
_DE59DdPNeU-00215-00082096-00082464 monoxide dehydrogenase
_FxfeF8cSZE-00000-00000038-00000283 ah
_FxfeF8cSZE-00001-00000284-00000605 another day of me waking up so late
_FxfeF8cSZE-00002-00000606-00000821 instead of 8 am
_FxfeF8cSZE-00003-00000822-00001031 well I'm gonna see what's checking on my
_FxfeF8cSZE-00004-00001032-00001180 YouTube
_FxfeF8cSZE-00005-00001181-00002057 [Music]
_FxfeF8cSZE-00006-00002058-00002481 eight eight thousand subscribers
_FxfeF8cSZE-00007-00002482-00002725 [Music]
_FxfeF8cSZE-00008-00002726-00002980 we did it
_FxfeF8cSZE-00009-00002981-00003504 [Applause]
_FxfeF8cSZE-00010-00003505-00004204 it's time
_FxfeF8cSZE-00011-00004205-00004762 hit it SpongeBob
_FxfeF8cSZE-00013-00009686-00009939 I know
_FxfeF8cSZE-00014-00009940-00010992 [Music]
_FxfeF8cSZE-00015-00010993-00011344 eight thousand subscribers
_FxfeF8cSZE-00016-00011345-00011699 [Applause]
_FxfeF8cSZE-00017-00011700-00012025 [Music]
_GhYVuw0YKc-00000-00000052-00000311 the term dialect from Latin dialectics
_GhYVuw0YKc-00001-00000312-00000519 dialect owes from the ancient Greek word
_GhYVuw0YKc-00002-00000520-00000600 dialect oast
_GhYVuw0YKc-00003-00000601-00000932 dialect us discourse from dia dia
_GhYVuw0YKc-00004-00000933-00001386 through and leggo leggo I speak is used
_GhYVuw0YKc-00005-00001387-00001590 in two distinct ways to refer to two
_GhYVuw0YKc-00006-00001591-00001801 different types of linguistic phenomena
_GhYVuw0YKc-00007-00001802-00002084 one usage refers to a variety of a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00008-00002085-00002276 language that is a characteristic of a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00009-00002277-00002441 particular group of the languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00010-00002442-00002699 speakers under this definition the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00011-00002700-00002922 dialects are varieties of a particular
_GhYVuw0YKc-00012-00002923-00003147 language are closely related and despite
_GhYVuw0YKc-00013-00003148-00003333 their differences are most often largely
_GhYVuw0YKc-00014-00003334-00003549 mutually intelligible especially if
_GhYVuw0YKc-00015-00003550-00003717 close to one another on the dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00016-00003718-00004002 continuum the term is applied most often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00017-00004003-00004170 to regional speech patterns but a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00018-00004171-00004374 dialect may also be defined by other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00019-00004375-00004566 factors such as social class or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00020-00004567-00004878 ethnicity a dialect that is associated
_GhYVuw0YKc-00021-00004879-00005085 with a particular social class can be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00022-00005086-00005298 termed a sociolect a dialect that is
_GhYVuw0YKc-00023-00005299-00005499 associated with a particular ethnic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00024-00005500-00005694 group can be termed as ethnic and a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00025-00005695-00005853 regional dialect may be termed a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00026-00005854-00006051 regional act according to this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00027-00006052-00006255 definition any variety of a given
_GhYVuw0YKc-00028-00006256-00006594 language constitutes a dialect including
_GhYVuw0YKc-00029-00006595-00006852 any standard varieties in this case the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00030-00006853-00007073 distinction between a standard language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00031-00007073-00007527 ie the standard dialect of a particular
_GhYVuw0YKc-00032-00007528-00007835 language and the non-standard dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00033-00007836-00008013 of the same language as often arbitrary
_GhYVuw0YKc-00034-00008014-00008277 and based on social political cultural
_GhYVuw0YKc-00035-00008278-00008559 or historical considerations in a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00036-00008560-00008777 similar way the definitions of the terms
_GhYVuw0YKc-00037-00008778-00009230 language and dialect may overlap and are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00038-00009231-00009398 often subject to debate with the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00039-00009399-00009552 differentiation between the two
_GhYVuw0YKc-00040-00009553-00009746 classifications often grounded in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00041-00009747-00010001 arbitrary and or socio-political motives
_GhYVuw0YKc-00042-00010002-00010313 the other usage of the term dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00043-00010314-00010571 often deployed in colloquial settings
_GhYVuw0YKc-00044-00010572-00010802 refers often somewhat pejoratively to a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00045-00010803-00011006 language that is socially subordinated
_GhYVuw0YKc-00046-00011007-00011184 to a regional or national standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00047-00011185-00011405 language often historically cognate or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00048-00011406-00011577 genetically related to the standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00049-00011578-00011771 language but not actually derived from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00050-00011772-00012041 the standard language in other words it
_GhYVuw0YKc-00051-00012042-00012302 is not an actual variety of the standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00052-00012303-00012560 language or dominant language but rather
_GhYVuw0YKc-00053-00012561-00012801 a separate independently evolved but
_GhYVuw0YKc-00054-00012802-00013074 often distantly related language in this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00055-00013075-00013284 sense unlike in the first usage the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00056-00013285-00013443 standard language would not it
_GhYVuw0YKc-00057-00013444-00013731 be considered a dialect as it is the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00058-00013732-00013941 dominant language in a particular state
_GhYVuw0YKc-00059-00013941-00014160 or region whether in terms of linguistic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00060-00014161-00014361 prestige social or political status
_GhYVuw0YKc-00061-00014362-00014574 official status predominance or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00062-00014575-00014847 prevalence or all of the above meanwhile
_GhYVuw0YKc-00063-00014847-00015110 under this usage the dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00064-00015111-00015341 subordinate to the standard language are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00065-00015343-00015555 generally not variations on the standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00066-00015556-00015762 language but rather separate but often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00067-00015763-00015951 loosely related languages in and of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00068-00015952-00016368 themselves thus these dialects are not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00069-00016369-00016599 dialects or varieties of a particular
_GhYVuw0YKc-00070-00016600-00016779 language in the same sense as in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00071-00016780-00016956 first usage though they may share roots
_GhYVuw0YKc-00072-00016957-00017178 in the same family or subfamily as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00073-00017179-00017352 standard language and may even to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00074-00017353-00017532 varying degrees share some mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00075-00017533-00017697 intelligibility with the standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00076-00017698-00017853 language they often did not evolve
_GhYVuw0YKc-00077-00017854-00018051 closely with the standard language or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00078-00018052-00018246 within the same linguistic subgroup or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00079-00018247-00018414 speech community as the standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00080-00018415-00018606 language and instead may better fit the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00081-00018607-00018798 criteria of a separate language for
_GhYVuw0YKc-00082-00018799-00018999 example most of the various regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00083-00019000-00019194 Romance languages of Italy often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00084-00019195-00019382 colloquially referred to as Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00085-00019383-00019704 dialects are in fact not actually
_GhYVuw0YKc-00086-00019705-00019932 derived from modern Standard Italian but
_GhYVuw0YKc-00087-00019933-00020082 rather evolved from vulgar latin
_GhYVuw0YKc-00088-00020083-00020286 separately and individually from one
_GhYVuw0YKc-00089-00020287-00020472 another and independently of standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00090-00020473-00020694 Italian long prior to the diffusion of a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00091-00020695-00020832 national standardized language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00092-00020833-00021075 throughout what is now Italy these
_GhYVuw0YKc-00093-00021076-00021315 various Latin derived regional languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00094-00021316-00021540 are therefore in a linguistic sense not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00095-00021541-00021861 truly dialects or varieties of the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00096-00021862-00022041 standard Italian language but are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00097-00022042-00022206 instead better defined as their own
_GhYVuw0YKc-00098-00022207-00022494 separate languages conversely with the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00099-00022495-00022668 spread of standard Italian throughout
_GhYVuw0YKc-00100-00022669-00022887 Italy in the 20th century regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00101-00022888-00023072 versions or varieties of standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00102-00023073-00023265 Italian have developed generally as a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00103-00023266-00023484 mix of national standard Italian with a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00104-00023485-00023703 substratum of local regional languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00105-00023704-00024029 and local accents while dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00106-00024030-00024240 levelling has increased the number of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00107-00024241-00024465 standard Italian speakers and decreased
_GhYVuw0YKc-00108-00024466-00024597 the number of speakers of other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00109-00024598-00024834 languages native to Italy Italians in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00110-00024835-00024984 different regions have developed
_GhYVuw0YKc-00111-00024985-00025149 variations of standard Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00112-00025150-00025386 particular to their region these
_GhYVuw0YKc-00113-00025387-00025647 variations on standard Italian known as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00114-00025648-00025806 regional Italian would thus more
_GhYVuw0YKc-00115-00025807-00026059 appropriately be called dialects in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00116-00026060-00026280 accordance with the first linguistic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00117-00026281-00026550 definition of dialect as they are in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00118-00026551-00026769 fact derived partially or mostly from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00119-00026770-00026827 Standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00120-00026829-00027029 Italian a dialect is distinguished by
_GhYVuw0YKc-00121-00027030-00027299 its vocabulary grammar and pronunciation
_GhYVuw0YKc-00122-00027300-00027581 phonology including prosody where a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00123-00027582-00027782 distinction can be made only in terms of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00124-00027783-00028025 pronunciation including prosody or just
_GhYVuw0YKc-00125-00028026-00028241 prosody itself the term accent may be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00126-00028242-00028520 preferred over dialect other types of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00127-00028520-00028751 speech varieties include jargons which
_GhYVuw0YKc-00128-00028752-00028910 are characterized by differences in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00129-00028911-00029252 lexicon vocabulary slang patois pigeons
_GhYVuw0YKc-00130-00029252-00029573 and Argos the particular speech patterns
_GhYVuw0YKc-00131-00029574-00029756 used by an individual are termed an
_GhYVuw0YKc-00132-00029757-00030185 idiot
_GhYVuw0YKc-00133-00030186-00030743 EPIK standard and non-standard dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00134-00030744-00030986 a standard dialect also known as a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00135-00030987-00031226 standardized dialect or standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00136-00031227-00031495 language is a dialect that is supported
_GhYVuw0YKc-00137-00031497-00031751 by institutions such institutional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00138-00031752-00031880 support may include government
_GhYVuw0YKc-00139-00031881-00032141 recognition or designation presentation
_GhYVuw0YKc-00140-00032142-00032432 as being the correct form of a language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00141-00032433-00032602 in schools published grammars
_GhYVuw0YKc-00142-00032604-00032819 dictionaries and textbooks that set
_GhYVuw0YKc-00143-00032820-00033014 forth a correct spoken and written form
_GhYVuw0YKc-00144-00033015-00033221 and an extensive formal literature that
_GhYVuw0YKc-00145-00033222-00033428 employs that dialect prose poetry
_GhYVuw0YKc-00146-00033429-00033740 nonfiction etc there may be multiple
_GhYVuw0YKc-00147-00033741-00033968 standard dialects associated with a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00148-00033969-00034226 single language for example standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00149-00034227-00034400 American English standard British
_GhYVuw0YKc-00150-00034401-00034580 English standard Canadian English
_GhYVuw0YKc-00151-00034581-00034793 standard Indian English standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00152-00034794-00034961 Australian English and standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00153-00034962-00035144 Philippine English may all be said to be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00154-00035145-00035309 standard dialects of the English
_GhYVuw0YKc-00155-00035310-00035621 language a non-standard dialect like a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00156-00035622-00035804 standard dialect has a complete
_GhYVuw0YKc-00157-00035805-00036065 vocabulary grammar and syntax but is
_GhYVuw0YKc-00158-00036066-00036236 usually not the beneficiary of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00159-00036237-00036509 institutional support examples of a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00160-00036510-00036692 non-standard English dialect are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00161-00036693-00036869 southern American English Western
_GhYVuw0YKc-00162-00036870-00037088 Australian English New York English New
_GhYVuw0YKc-00163-00037089-00037315 England English mid-atlantic American or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00164-00037316-00037547 Philadelphia Baltimore English Scouts
_GhYVuw0YKc-00165-00037548-00037871 Brummie cockney and tyke the dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00166-00037872-00038069 test was designed by Joseph Wright to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00167-00038070-00038255 compare different English dialects with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00168-00038256-00038660 each other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00169-00038661-00039176 topic dialect or language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00170-00039177-00039367 there is no universally accepted
_GhYVuw0YKc-00171-00039368-00039577 criterion for distinguishing two
_GhYVuw0YKc-00172-00039578-00039802 different languages from two dialects ie
_GhYVuw0YKc-00173-00039803-00040114 varieties of the same language a number
_GhYVuw0YKc-00174-00040115-00040298 of rough measures exist sometimes
_GhYVuw0YKc-00175-00040299-00040564 leading to contradictory results the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00176-00040565-00040768 distinction is therefore subjective and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00177-00040769-00040927 depends upon the users frame of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00178-00040928-00041186 reference for example there has been
_GhYVuw0YKc-00179-00041187-00041354 discussion about whether or not the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00180-00041355-00041501 Lehmann Creole English should be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00181-00041502-00041777 considered a kind of English or a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00182-00041778-00041870 different language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00183-00041871-00042104 this Creole is spoken in the Caribbean
_GhYVuw0YKc-00184-00042105-00042349 coast of Costa Rica Central America by
_GhYVuw0YKc-00185-00042350-00042583 descendants of Jamaican people the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00186-00042584-00042779 position that Costa Rican linguists
_GhYVuw0YKc-00187-00042780-00043001 support depends upon which University
_GhYVuw0YKc-00188-00043002-00043208 they represent
_GhYVuw0YKc-00189-00043209-00043412 the most common and most purely
_GhYVuw0YKc-00190-00043413-00043646 linguistic criterion is that of mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00191-00043647-00043874 intelligibility two varieties are said
_GhYVuw0YKc-00192-00043875-00044069 to be dialects of the same language if
_GhYVuw0YKc-00193-00044070-00044285 being a speaker of one variety confers
_GhYVuw0YKc-00194-00044286-00044480 sufficient knowledge to understand and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00195-00044481-00044651 be understood by a speaker of the other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00196-00044652-00044837 otherwise they are said to be different
_GhYVuw0YKc-00197-00044838-00045104 languages however this definition
_GhYVuw0YKc-00198-00045105-00045311 becomes problematic in the case of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00199-00045312-00045524 dialect continua in which it may be the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00200-00045525-00045710 case that dialect B is mutually
_GhYVuw0YKc-00201-00045711-00045908 intelligible with both dialect a and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00202-00045909-00046142 dialect see but dialects a and C are not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00203-00046143-00046361 mutually intelligible with each other in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00204-00046362-00046628 this case the criterion of mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00205-00046629-00046840 intelligibility makes it impossible to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00206-00046841-00047065 decide whether a and C are dialects of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00207-00047066-00047321 the same language or not the mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00208-00047322-00047576 intelligibility criterion also flounders
_GhYVuw0YKc-00209-00047577-00047815 in cases in which a speaker of dialect X
_GhYVuw0YKc-00210-00047816-00048037 can understand a speaker of dialect Y
_GhYVuw0YKc-00211-00048038-00048446 but not vice versa
_GhYVuw0YKc-00212-00048447-00049048 topic sociolinguistic definitions
_GhYVuw0YKc-00213-00049049-00049324 another occasionally used criterion for
_GhYVuw0YKc-00214-00049325-00049534 discriminating dialects from languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00215-00049535-00049723 as the sociolinguistic notion of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00216-00049724-00049974 linguistic Authority according to this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00217-00049975-00050199 definition two varieties are considered
_GhYVuw0YKc-00218-00050200-00050401 dialects of the same language if under
_GhYVuw0YKc-00219-00050402-00050577 at least some circumstances they would
_GhYVuw0YKc-00220-00050578-00050730 defer to the same Authority regarding
_GhYVuw0YKc-00221-00050731-00050998 some questions about their language for
_GhYVuw0YKc-00222-00050999-00051157 instance to learn the name of a new
_GhYVuw0YKc-00223-00051158-00051366 invention or an obscure foreign species
_GhYVuw0YKc-00224-00051367-00051621 of plant speakers of Westphalian in east
_GhYVuw0YKc-00225-00051622-00051826 Franconian german might each consult a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00226-00051827-00051985 german dictionary or ask a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00227-00051986-00052202 german-speaking expert in the subject
_GhYVuw0YKc-00228-00052203-00052462 thus these varieties are said to be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00229-00052463-00052644 dependent on or heteronomous with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00230-00052645-00052861 respect to standard german which is said
_GhYVuw0YKc-00231-00052862-00053224 to be autonomous in contrast speakers in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00232-00053225-00053413 the Netherlands of low Saxon varieties
_GhYVuw0YKc-00233-00053414-00053599 similar to Westphalian would instead
_GhYVuw0YKc-00234-00053600-00053867 consult a dictionary of standard Dutch
_GhYVuw0YKc-00235-00053869-00054126 similarly although Yiddish is classified
_GhYVuw0YKc-00236-00054127-00054325 by linguists as a language in the middle
_GhYVuw0YKc-00237-00054326-00054541 high german group of languages a Yiddish
_GhYVuw0YKc-00238-00054541-00054694 speaker would consult a different
_GhYVuw0YKc-00239-00054695-00054985 dictionary in such a case within this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00240-00054986-00055242 framework w a stuart defined a language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00241-00055244-00055450 as an autonomous variety together with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00242-00055451-00055644 all the varieties that are heteronomous
_GhYVuw0YKc-00243-00055645-00055798 with respect to it noting that an
_GhYVuw0YKc-00244-00055799-00055984 essentially equivalent definition had
_GhYVuw0YKc-00245-00055985-00056191 been stated by Charles a Ferguson and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00246-00056191-00056569 John J Gompers in 1960 similarly a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00247-00056570-00056797 heteronomous variety may be considered a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00248-00056798-00056986 dialect of a language defined in this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00249-00056987-00057279 way in these terms Danish and Norwegian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00250-00057280-00057526 though mutually intelligible to a large
_GhYVuw0YKc-00251-00057527-00057751 degree are considered separate languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00252-00057752-00058048 in the framework of Heinz cloths these
_GhYVuw0YKc-00253-00058049-00058249 are described as languages by Oz bow
_GhYVuw0YKc-00254-00058250-00058453 development rather than by AB stand
_GhYVuw0YKc-00255-00058454-00058850 separation
_GhYVuw0YKc-00256-00058851-00059407 topic dialect and language clusters
_GhYVuw0YKc-00257-00059408-00059671 in other situations a closely related
_GhYVuw0YKc-00258-00059672-00059899 group of varieties possess considerable
_GhYVuw0YKc-00259-00059900-00060057 though incomplete mutual intelligibility
_GhYVuw0YKc-00260-00060058-00060391 but none dominates the others to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00261-00060391-00060588 describe this situation the editors of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00262-00060589-00060763 the handbook of African languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00263-00060764-00061035 introduced the term dialect cluster
_GhYVuw0YKc-00264-00061036-00061257 dialect clusters were treated as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00265-00061258-00061482 classificatory units at the same level
_GhYVuw0YKc-00266-00061483-00061804 as languages a similar situation but
_GhYVuw0YKc-00267-00061804-00061969 with a greater degree of mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00268-00061970-00062157 unintelligibility has been termed a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00269-00062158-00062529 language cluster
_GhYVuw0YKc-00270-00062530-00063060 topic political factors
_GhYVuw0YKc-00271-00063061-00063356 in many societies however a particular
_GhYVuw0YKc-00272-00063357-00063581 dialect often the sociolect of the elite
_GhYVuw0YKc-00273-00063582-00063769 class comes to be identified as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00274-00063770-00064175 standard or proper version of a language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00275-00064176-00064359 by those seeking to make a social
_GhYVuw0YKc-00276-00064360-00064547 distinction and is contrasted with other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00277-00064548-00064844 varieties as a result of this in some
_GhYVuw0YKc-00278-00064845-00065153 contexts the term dialect refers
_GhYVuw0YKc-00279-00065154-00065351 specifically to varieties with low
_GhYVuw0YKc-00280-00065352-00065630 social status in this secondary Senza
_GhYVuw0YKc-00281-00065631-00065942 dialect language varieties are often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00282-00065943-00066246 called dialects rather than languages if
_GhYVuw0YKc-00283-00066247-00066466 they have no standard or codified form
_GhYVuw0YKc-00284-00066467-00066722 if they are rarely or never used in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00285-00066723-00067028 writing outside reported speech if the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00286-00067029-00067193 speakers of the given language do not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00287-00067194-00067457 have a state of their own if they lack
_GhYVuw0YKc-00288-00067458-00067622 prestige with respect to some other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00289-00067623-00067892 often standardized variety the status of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00290-00067893-00068166 language is not solely determined by
_GhYVuw0YKc-00291-00068167-00068393 linguistic criteria but it is also the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00292-00068394-00068553 result of a historical and political
_GhYVuw0YKc-00293-00068554-00068855 development Romansh came to be a written
_GhYVuw0YKc-00294-00068856-00069044 language and therefore it is recognized
_GhYVuw0YKc-00295-00069045-00069222 as a language even though it is very
_GhYVuw0YKc-00296-00069223-00069437 close to the lumbar deck alpine dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00297-00069438-00069707 an opposite example as the case of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00298-00069708-00069893 Chinese whose variations such as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00299-00069894-00070091 Mandarin and Cantonese are often called
_GhYVuw0YKc-00300-00070092-00070292 dialects and not languages in China
_GhYVuw0YKc-00301-00070293-00070555 despite their mutual and intelligibility
_GhYVuw0YKc-00302-00070556-00070805 modern nationalism has developed
_GhYVuw0YKc-00303-00070806-00071000 especially since the french revolution
_GhYVuw0YKc-00304-00071001-00071137 has made the distinction between
_GhYVuw0YKc-00305-00071138-00071561 language and dialect an issue of great
_GhYVuw0YKc-00306-00071562-00071819 political importance a group speaking a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00307-00071820-00072092 separate language is often seen as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00308-00072093-00072263 having a greater claim to being a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00309-00072264-00072512 separate people and thus to be more
_GhYVuw0YKc-00310-00072513-00072674 deserving of its own independent state
_GhYVuw0YKc-00311-00072675-00072992 while a group speaking a dialect tends
_GhYVuw0YKc-00312-00072993-00073286 to be seen not as a people in its own
_GhYVuw0YKc-00313-00073287-00073499 right but as a subgroup part of a bigger
_GhYVuw0YKc-00314-00073500-00073700 people which must content itself with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00315-00073701-00073931 regional autonomy the distinction
_GhYVuw0YKc-00316-00073932-00074144 between language and dialect as thus
_GhYVuw0YKc-00317-00074145-00074328 inevitably made at least as much on a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00318-00074329-00074528 political basis as on a linguistic one
_GhYVuw0YKc-00319-00074529-00074672 and can lead to great political
_GhYVuw0YKc-00320-00074673-00074941 controversy or even armed conflict the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00321-00074942-00075230 yiddish linguist max Weinreich published
_GhYVuw0YKc-00322-00075231-00075321 the expression
_GhYVuw0YKc-00323-00075322-00075710 HP rock is a dialect MIT and army
_GhYVuw0YKc-00324-00075711-00075967 unflagged might an army own plat a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00325-00075968-00076248 language is a dialect with an army and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00326-00076249-00076353 navy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00327-00076354-00076890 in Yivo bleeder 25.1 1945 P 13 the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00328-00076891-00077103 significance of the political factors in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00329-00077104-00077276 any attempt at answering the question
_GhYVuw0YKc-00330-00077277-00077531 what is a language is great enough to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00331-00077532-00077726 cast doubt on whether any strictly
_GhYVuw0YKc-00332-00077727-00077885 linguistic definition without a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00333-00077886-00078198 socio-cultural approach is possible this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00334-00078199-00078390 is illustrated by the frequency with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00335-00078391-00078931 which the army-navy aphorism is cited
_GhYVuw0YKc-00336-00078932-00079382 topic terminology
_GhYVuw0YKc-00337-00079383-00079631 by the definition most commonly used by
_GhYVuw0YKc-00338-00079632-00079871 linguists any linguistic variety can be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00339-00079872-00080173 considered a dialect of some language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00340-00080174-00080543 everybody speaks a dialect according to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00341-00080544-00080756 that interpretation the criteria above
_GhYVuw0YKc-00342-00080757-00080948 merely served to distinguish whether two
_GhYVuw0YKc-00343-00080949-00081106 varieties are dialects of the same
_GhYVuw0YKc-00344-00081107-00081301 language or dialects of different
_GhYVuw0YKc-00345-00081302-00081800 languages the terms language and dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00346-00081801-00082088 are not necessarily mutually exclusive
_GhYVuw0YKc-00347-00082089-00082261 although it is often perceived to be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00348-00082262-00082523 thus there is nothing contradictory in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00349-00082524-00082694 the statement the language of the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00350-00082695-00082910 Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00351-00082911-00083117 German
_GhYVuw0YKc-00352-00083118-00083321 there are various terms that linguists
_GhYVuw0YKc-00353-00083322-00083528 may use to avoid taking a position on
_GhYVuw0YKc-00354-00083529-00083708 whether the speech of a community is an
_GhYVuw0YKc-00355-00083709-00083906 independent language in its own right or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00356-00083907-00084179 a dialect of another language perhaps
_GhYVuw0YKc-00357-00084180-00084527 the most communist variety lect is
_GhYVuw0YKc-00358-00084528-00084866 another a more general term as language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00359-00084867-00085049 which does not distinguish between
_GhYVuw0YKc-00360-00085050-00085289 dialects languages and groups of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00361-00085290-00085514 languages whether genealogically related
_GhYVuw0YKc-00362-00085515-00085858 or not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00363-00085859-00086378 topic examples
_GhYVuw0YKc-00364-00086379-00086800 topic German
_GhYVuw0YKc-00365-00086801-00087035 when talking about the German language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00366-00087036-00087278 the term German dialects is only used
_GhYVuw0YKc-00367-00087279-00087428 for the traditional regional varieties
_GhYVuw0YKc-00368-00087429-00087704 that allows them to be distinguished
_GhYVuw0YKc-00369-00087705-00087893 from the regional varieties of modern
_GhYVuw0YKc-00370-00087894-00088220 Standard German the German dialects show
_GhYVuw0YKc-00371-00088221-00088457 a wide spectrum of variation some of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00372-00088458-00088615 them are not mutually intelligible
_GhYVuw0YKc-00373-00088616-00088907 German dialectology traditionally names
_GhYVuw0YKc-00374-00088908-00089144 the major dialect groups after Germanic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00375-00089145-00089303 tribes from which they were assumed to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00376-00089304-00089495 have descended the extent to which the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00377-00089496-00089696 dialects are spoken varies according to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00378-00089697-00089909 a number of factors in northern Germany
_GhYVuw0YKc-00379-00089910-00090089 dialects are less common than in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00380-00090090-00090404 South in cities dialects are less common
_GhYVuw0YKc-00381-00090405-00090608 than in the countryside in a public
_GhYVuw0YKc-00382-00090609-00090815 environment dialects are less common
_GhYVuw0YKc-00383-00090816-00091070 than in a familiar environment the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00384-00091071-00091235 situation in Switzerland and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00385-00091236-00091406 Liechtenstein is different from the rest
_GhYVuw0YKc-00386-00091407-00091661 of the german-speaking countries the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00387-00091662-00091859 swiss german dialects are the default
_GhYVuw0YKc-00388-00091860-00092060 everyday language in virtually every
_GhYVuw0YKc-00389-00092061-00092273 situation whereas standard german has
_GhYVuw0YKc-00390-00092274-00092489 only spoken in education partially in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00391-00092490-00092690 media and with foreigners not possessing
_GhYVuw0YKc-00392-00092691-00092942 knowledge of swiss german most swiss
_GhYVuw0YKc-00393-00092943-00093167 german speakers perceive standard german
_GhYVuw0YKc-00394-00093168-00093464 to be a foreign language the low german
_GhYVuw0YKc-00395-00093465-00093680 variety spoken in germany are often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00396-00093681-00093944 counted among the german dialects this
_GhYVuw0YKc-00397-00093945-00094154 reflects the modern situation where they
_GhYVuw0YKc-00398-00094155-00094403 are roofed by standard German this is
_GhYVuw0YKc-00399-00094404-00094559 different from the situation in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00400-00094560-00094769 Middle Ages when Low German had strong
_GhYVuw0YKc-00401-00094770-00094996 tendencies towards a NOS pal language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00402-00094997-00095255 the frisian language is spoken in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00403-00095256-00095438 germany are excluded from the german
_GhYVuw0YKc-00404-00095439-00095778 dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00405-00095779-00096262 topic Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00406-00096263-00096505 Italy is home to a vast array of native
_GhYVuw0YKc-00407-00096506-00096732 regional minority languages most of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00408-00096733-00096900 which are romance based and have their
_GhYVuw0YKc-00409-00096901-00097149 own local variants these regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00410-00097150-00097312 languages are often referred to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00411-00097313-00097455 colloquially or in non linguistic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00412-00097456-00097857 circles as Italian dialects or dialetti
_GhYVuw0YKc-00413-00097858-00098230 standard Italian for dialects however
_GhYVuw0YKc-00414-00098231-00098437 the majority of the regional languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00415-00098438-00098637 in Italy are in fact not actually
_GhYVuw0YKc-00416-00098638-00098941 dialects a standard Italian in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00417-00098942-00099130 strict linguistic sense as they are not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00418-00099131-00099363 derived from modern Standard Italian but
_GhYVuw0YKc-00419-00099364-00099555 instead evolved locally from vulgar
_GhYVuw0YKc-00420-00099556-00099756 latin independent of standard italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00421-00099757-00099937 with little to no influence from what is
_GhYVuw0YKc-00422-00099938-00100230 now known as standard italian they are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00423-00100231-00100393 therefore better classified as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00424-00100394-00100568 individual languages rather than
_GhYVuw0YKc-00425-00100569-00100787 dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00426-00100788-00100981 in addition to having evolved for the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00427-00100982-00101137 most part separately from one another
_GhYVuw0YKc-00428-00101138-00101366 and with distinct individual histories
_GhYVuw0YKc-00429-00101367-00101546 the latin-based regional Romance
_GhYVuw0YKc-00430-00101547-00101737 languages of Italy are also better
_GhYVuw0YKc-00431-00101738-00101944 classified as separate languages rather
_GhYVuw0YKc-00432-00101945-00102254 than true dialects due to the often high
_GhYVuw0YKc-00433-00102255-00102422 degree in which they lack mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00434-00102423-00102706 intelligibility though mostly mutually
_GhYVuw0YKc-00435-00102707-00102923 unintelligible the exact degree to which
_GhYVuw0YKc-00436-00102924-00103121 the regional Italian languages are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00437-00103122-00103340 mutually unintelligible varies often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00438-00103341-00103534 correlating with geographical distance
_GhYVuw0YKc-00439-00103535-00103727 or geographical barriers between the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00440-00103728-00103894 languages with some regional Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00441-00103895-00104065 languages that are closer in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00442-00104066-00104288 geographical proximity to each other or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00443-00104289-00104464 closer to each other on the dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00444-00104465-00104668 continuum being more or less mutually
_GhYVuw0YKc-00445-00104669-00104945 intelligible for instance a speaker of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00446-00104946-00105173 purely Eastern Lombard a language in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00447-00105174-00105374 northern Italy's Lombardy region that
_GhYVuw0YKc-00448-00105375-00105575 includes the burgomaster lect would have
_GhYVuw0YKc-00449-00105576-00105743 severely limited mutual intelligibility
_GhYVuw0YKc-00450-00105744-00106013 with a purely standard Italian speaker
_GhYVuw0YKc-00451-00106014-00106135 and would be nearly completely
_GhYVuw0YKc-00452-00106136-00106343 unintelligible to a speaker of a pure
_GhYVuw0YKc-00453-00106344-00106636 Sicilian language variant due to eastern
_GhYVuw0YKc-00454-00106638-00106850 lombard status as a gallo italic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00455-00106851-00107069 language an eastern lombard speaker may
_GhYVuw0YKc-00456-00107070-00107264 in fact have more mutual intelligibility
_GhYVuw0YKc-00457-00107265-00107576 with a Occitan catalan or french speaker
_GhYVuw0YKc-00458-00107577-00107779 than with a standard Italian or Sicilian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00459-00107780-00108074 language speaker meanwhile a Sicilian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00460-00108075-00108229 language speaker would have a greater
_GhYVuw0YKc-00461-00108230-00108449 degree of mutual intelligibility with a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00462-00108450-00108623 speaker of the more closely related
_GhYVuw0YKc-00463-00108624-00108877 Neapolitan language but far less mutual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00464-00108878-00109090 intelligibility with a person speaking
_GhYVuw0YKc-00465-00109091-00109322 Sicilian Gallo italic a language that
_GhYVuw0YKc-00466-00109323-00109534 developed in isolated Lombard emigrant
_GhYVuw0YKc-00467-00109535-00109711 communities on the same island as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00468-00109713-00110002 Sicilian language modern standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00469-00110003-00110209 Italian itself is heavily based on the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00470-00110210-00110432 Latin derived Florentine Tuscan language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00471-00110433-00110677 the Tuscan based language that would
_GhYVuw0YKc-00472-00110678-00110860 eventually become modern standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00473-00110861-00111071 Italian had been used in poetry and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00474-00111072-00111239 literature since at least the 12th
_GhYVuw0YKc-00475-00111240-00111419 century and it first spread throughout
_GhYVuw0YKc-00476-00111420-00111626 Italy among the educated upper-class
_GhYVuw0YKc-00477-00111627-00111778 through the works of authors such as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00478-00111779-00112022 Dante Alighieri Giovanni Boccaccio
_GhYVuw0YKc-00479-00112023-00112360 Niccolo Machiavelli and Petrarch Dante's
_GhYVuw0YKc-00480-00112361-00112609 Florentine Tuscan literary Italian thus
_GhYVuw0YKc-00481-00112610-00112769 slowly became the language of the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00482-00112770-00112973 literate and upper class in Italy and it
_GhYVuw0YKc-00483-00112974-00113138 spread throughout the peninsula as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00484-00113139-00113357 lingua franca among the Italian educated
_GhYVuw0YKc-00485-00113358-00113552 class as well as Italian traveling
_GhYVuw0YKc-00486-00113553-00113813 merchants the economic prowess and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00487-00113814-00114004 cultural and artistic importance of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00488-00114005-00114173 Tuscany in the late middle age
_GhYVuw0YKc-00489-00114174-00114347 and the Renaissance further encouraged
_GhYVuw0YKc-00490-00114348-00114541 the diffusion of the Florentine Tuscan
_GhYVuw0YKc-00491-00114542-00114733 Italian throughout Italy and among the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00492-00114734-00114950 educated and powerful the local and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00493-00114951-00115115 regional languages remained the main
_GhYVuw0YKc-00494-00115116-00115403 languages of the common people during
_GhYVuw0YKc-00495-00115404-00115640 the resurgent Oh proponents of Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00496-00115641-00115871 republicanism and Italian nationalism
_GhYVuw0YKc-00497-00115872-00116048 such as Alessandro Manzoni
_GhYVuw0YKc-00498-00116049-00116189 stressed the importance of establishing
_GhYVuw0YKc-00499-00116190-00116456 a uniform national language in order to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00500-00116457-00116600 better create an Italian national
_GhYVuw0YKc-00501-00116601-00116891 identity with the unification of Italy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00502-00116892-00117197 in the 1860s standard Italian became the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00503-00117198-00117374 official national language of the new
_GhYVuw0YKc-00504-00117375-00117548 Italian state while the various
_GhYVuw0YKc-00505-00117549-00117754 unofficial regional languages of Italy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00506-00117755-00117966 gradually became regarded as subordinate
_GhYVuw0YKc-00507-00117967-00118274 dialects to Italian increasingly
_GhYVuw0YKc-00508-00118275-00118481 associated negatively with lack of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00509-00118482-00118775 education or provincial ISM however at
_GhYVuw0YKc-00510-00118776-00118935 the time of the Italian unification
_GhYVuw0YKc-00511-00118936-00119228 standard Italian still existed mainly as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00512-00119229-00119509 a literary language and only 2.5 percent
_GhYVuw0YKc-00513-00119510-00119686 of Italy's population could speak
_GhYVuw0YKc-00514-00119688-00119900 standard Italian in the early 20th
_GhYVuw0YKc-00515-00119901-00120143 century the vast conscription of Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00516-00120144-00120308 men from all throughout Italy during
_GhYVuw0YKc-00517-00120308-00120458 World War one is credited with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00518-00120458-00120671 facilitating the diffusion of standard
_GhYVuw0YKc-00519-00120672-00120904 Italian among less educated Italian men
_GhYVuw0YKc-00520-00120905-00121103 as these men from various regions with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00521-00121104-00121301 various regional languages were forced
_GhYVuw0YKc-00522-00121302-00121451 to communicate with each other in a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00523-00121452-00121591 common tongue while serving in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00524-00121592-00121834 Italian military with the eventual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00525-00121835-00121997 spread of the radio and television
_GhYVuw0YKc-00526-00121998-00122198 throughout Italy and the establishment
_GhYVuw0YKc-00527-00122199-00122441 of public education Italians from all
_GhYVuw0YKc-00528-00122442-00122639 regions were increasingly exposed to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00529-00122640-00122840 standard Italian while literacy rates
_GhYVuw0YKc-00530-00122841-00123136 among all social classes improved today
_GhYVuw0YKc-00531-00123138-00123353 the majority of Italians are able to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00532-00123354-00123527 speak standard Italian though many
_GhYVuw0YKc-00533-00123528-00123704 Italians still speak their regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00534-00123705-00123883 language regularly or as their primary
_GhYVuw0YKc-00535-00123884-00124115 day-to-day language especially at home
_GhYVuw0YKc-00536-00124116-00124301 with family or when communicating with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00537-00124302-00124498 Italians from the same town or region
_GhYVuw0YKc-00538-00124499-00124802 however to some Italians speaking a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00539-00124803-00125018 regional language especially in a formal
_GhYVuw0YKc-00540-00125019-00125231 setting or outside of one's region may
_GhYVuw0YKc-00541-00125232-00125444 carry a stigma or negative connotations
_GhYVuw0YKc-00542-00125445-00125639 associated with being lower-class
_GhYVuw0YKc-00543-00125640-00125971 and educated boorish or overly informal
_GhYVuw0YKc-00544-00125972-00126229 Italians in different regions today may
_GhYVuw0YKc-00545-00126230-00126409 also speak regional varieties of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00546-00126410-00126665 standard Italian or regional Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00547-00126666-00126863 dialects which unlike the majority of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00548-00126864-00127100 languages of Italy are actually dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00549-00127101-00127307 of standard Italian rather than separate
_GhYVuw0YKc-00550-00127308-00127578 languages a regional Italian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00551-00127579-00127834 generally standard Italian that has been
_GhYVuw0YKc-00552-00127835-00128035 heavily influenced or mixed with local
_GhYVuw0YKc-00553-00128036-00128274 or regional native languages and accents
_GhYVuw0YKc-00554-00128275-00128545 the languages of Italy are primarily
_GhYVuw0YKc-00555-00128546-00128773 Latin based Romance languages with the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00556-00128774-00128981 most widely spoken languages falling
_GhYVuw0YKc-00557-00128982-00129154 within the Italo Dalmatian language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00558-00129155-00129489 family this wide category includes
_GhYVuw0YKc-00559-00129490-00129862 standard Italian and Tuscan the various
_GhYVuw0YKc-00560-00129863-00130118 related central Italian dialects such as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00561-00130119-00130438 Romanesco in Rome the Neapolitan group
_GhYVuw0YKc-00562-00130439-00130741 also known as southern Italian which
_GhYVuw0YKc-00563-00130742-00130975 encompasses not only Naples in Campania
_GhYVuw0YKc-00564-00130976-00131197 speech but also a variety of related
_GhYVuw0YKc-00565-00131198-00131407 neighboring varieties like the European
_GhYVuw0YKc-00566-00131408-00131606 dialect a brutes AZ and southern
_GhYVuw0YKc-00567-00131607-00131884 marchegiano Mollison northern Calabria
_GhYVuw0YKc-00568-00131885-00132182 nor Cosentino and the Bari dialect the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00569-00132183-00132368 cellent and dialect of salerno in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00570-00132369-00132595 Campania is considered significantly
_GhYVuw0YKc-00571-00132596-00132787 influenced by the Neapolitan and the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00572-00132788-00133054 below mentioned language groups the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00573-00133055-00133285 Sicilian group including Santino and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00574-00133286-00133489 Calabrian aside from the more common
_GhYVuw0YKc-00575-00133490-00133718 Italo Dalmatian Romance languages in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00576-00133719-00133931 Italy other native languages in Italy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00577-00133932-00134243 include a variety of gallo italic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00578-00134244-00134479 languages gallo raishin languages rato
_GhYVuw0YKc-00579-00134480-00134704 Romance languages and Ibero Romance
_GhYVuw0YKc-00580-00134705-00134932 languages such as Emilien Rome annual
_GhYVuw0YKc-00581-00134933-00135218 Ligurian Friulian the Lombard languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00582-00135219-00135472 Sicilian gallo italic algorri see the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00583-00135473-00135898 Vivaro alpine dialect Ladin etc Germanic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00584-00135899-00136072 languages such as the SEM Brehon
_GhYVuw0YKc-00585-00136073-00136291 languages southern Bavarian Walzer
_GhYVuw0YKc-00586-00136292-00136568 German and the mechina language the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00587-00136569-00136834 Albanian are beresch language the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00588-00136835-00137047 Hellenic Grieco language and Calabrian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00589-00137048-00137347 Greek the serbo-croatian Slava mala
_GhYVuw0YKc-00590-00137348-00137683 Sandow dialect various Slovene languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00591-00137684-00137884 including the galle Valley dialect and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00592-00137885-00138040 history and dialect the Sardinian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00593-00138041-00138229 language is considered to be its own
_GhYVuw0YKc-00594-00138230-00138448 Romance language family separate not
_GhYVuw0YKc-00595-00138449-00138652 only from Italian and the wider Italo
_GhYVuw0YKc-00596-00138653-00138853 Dalmatian family but from all the other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00597-00138854-00139024 neo Latin families it is often
_GhYVuw0YKc-00598-00139025-00139220 subdivided into the camp attorneys and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00599-00139221-00139504 logoed or easy dialects the Corsican
_GhYVuw0YKc-00600-00139505-00139699 related glories and Sasser ease which
_GhYVuw0YKc-00601-00139700-00139915 are also spoken in Sardinia on the other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00602-00139916-00140104 hand are often considered closely
_GhYVuw0YKc-00603-00140105-00140306 related to or derived from Tuscan and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00604-00140307-00140473 are therefore fully part of the Italo
_GhYVuw0YKc-00605-00140474-00140749 Dalmatian languages furthermore the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00606-00140750-00140962 gallo-romance language of Ligurian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00607-00140963-00141160 the Catalan Algar EES dialect are also
_GhYVuw0YKc-00608-00141161-00141431 spoken in Sardinia respectively in Carla
_GhYVuw0YKc-00609-00141432-00141890 forte Calais Etta and alghero
_GhYVuw0YKc-00610-00141891-00142382 topic the Balkans
_GhYVuw0YKc-00611-00142383-00142637 the classification of speech varieties
_GhYVuw0YKc-00612-00142638-00142823 as dialects or languages and their
_GhYVuw0YKc-00613-00142824-00142985 relationship to other varieties of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00614-00142986-00143168 speech can be controversial in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00615-00143169-00143423 verdicts inconsistent English and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00616-00143424-00143609 serbo-croatian illustrate the point
_GhYVuw0YKc-00617-00143610-00143891 English and serbo-croatian each have two
_GhYVuw0YKc-00618-00143892-00144092 major variants British and American
_GhYVuw0YKc-00619-00144093-00144250 English and Serbian and Croatian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00620-00144251-00144470 respectively along with numerous other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00621-00144471-00144731 varieties for political reasons
_GhYVuw0YKc-00622-00144732-00145013 analyzing these varieties as languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00623-00145014-00145442 or dialects yields inconsistent results
_GhYVuw0YKc-00624-00145443-00145670 British and American English spoken by
_GhYVuw0YKc-00625-00145671-00145907 close political and military allies are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00626-00145908-00146135 almost universally regarded as varieties
_GhYVuw0YKc-00627-00146136-00146300 of a single language whereas the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00628-00146301-00146486 national standards of Serbia and Croatia
_GhYVuw0YKc-00629-00146487-00146711 which are closer to each other than some
_GhYVuw0YKc-00630-00146712-00146879 local vernacular dialects of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00631-00146880-00147041 serbo-croatian are to themselves
_GhYVuw0YKc-00632-00147042-00147239 differing to a similar extent as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00633-00147240-00147455 formal varieties of English are treated
_GhYVuw0YKc-00634-00147456-00147617 by some linguists from the region as
_GhYVuw0YKc-00635-00147618-00147827 distinct languages largely because the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00636-00147828-00147989 two countries oscillate from being
_GhYVuw0YKc-00637-00147990-00148244 brotherly to being bitter enemies the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00638-00148245-00148457 serbo-croatian language article deals
_GhYVuw0YKc-00639-00148458-00148775 with this topic much more fully similar
_GhYVuw0YKc-00640-00148776-00149075 examples abound Macedonian although
_GhYVuw0YKc-00641-00149076-00149261 largely mutually intelligible with
_GhYVuw0YKc-00642-00149262-00149435 Bulgarian certain dialects of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00643-00149436-00149612 serbo-croatian and to a lesser extent
_GhYVuw0YKc-00644-00149613-00149840 the rest of the South Slavic dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00645-00149841-00150050 continuum is considered by Bulgarian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00646-00150051-00150257 linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00647-00150258-00150419 contrast with the contemporary
_GhYVuw0YKc-00648-00150420-00150608 international view and the view in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00649-00150609-00150827 Republic of Macedonia which regards it
_GhYVuw0YKc-00650-00150828-00150973 as a language in its own right
_GhYVuw0YKc-00651-00150974-00151250 nevertheless before the establishment of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00652-00151251-00151459 a literary standard of Macedonian in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00653-00151460-00151721 1944 in most sources in and out of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00654-00151722-00151940 Bulgaria before the Second World War the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00655-00151941-00152144 Southern Slavonic dialect continuum
_GhYVuw0YKc-00656-00152145-00152354 covering the area of today's Republic of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00657-00152355-00152573 Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00658-00152574-00152909 dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00659-00152910-00153385 topic Lebanon
_GhYVuw0YKc-00660-00153386-00153610 in Lebanon a part of the Christian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00661-00153611-00153937 population considers Lebanese to be in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00662-00153938-00154116 some sense a distinct language from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00663-00154117-00154404 Arabic and not merely a dialect during
_GhYVuw0YKc-00664-00154405-00154597 the Civil War Christians often used
_GhYVuw0YKc-00665-00154598-00154774 Lebanese Arabic officially and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00666-00154775-00154975 sporadically used the Latin script to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00667-00154976-00155107 write Lebanese thus further
_GhYVuw0YKc-00668-00155108-00155328 distinguishing it from Arabic all
_GhYVuw0YKc-00669-00155329-00155502 Lebanese laws are written in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00670-00155503-00155713 standard literary form of Arabic the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00671-00155714-00155916 parliamentary debate may be conducted in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00672-00155917-00156344 Lebanese Arabic
_GhYVuw0YKc-00673-00156345-00156792 topic North Africa
_GhYVuw0YKc-00674-00156793-00157119 in tunisia algeria and morocco the dari
_GhYVuw0YKc-00675-00157120-00157332 is spoken north african languages are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00676-00157333-00157509 sometimes considered more different from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00677-00157510-00157815 other Arabic dialects officially North
_GhYVuw0YKc-00678-00157816-00157983 African countries prefer to give
_GhYVuw0YKc-00679-00157984-00158178 preference to the literary Arabic and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00680-00158179-00158337 conduct much of their political and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00681-00158338-00158556 religious life in it adherence to Islam
_GhYVuw0YKc-00682-00158557-00158775 and refrain from declaring each country
_GhYVuw0YKc-00683-00158776-00158967 specific variety to be a separate
_GhYVuw0YKc-00684-00158968-00159165 language because literary Arabic is the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00685-00159166-00159375 liturgical language of Islam and the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00686-00159376-00159579 language of the Islamic sacred book the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00687-00159580-00159846 Quran although especially since the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00688-00159847-00160098 1960's the dari is are occupying an
_GhYVuw0YKc-00689-00160099-00160278 increasing use and influence in the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00690-00160279-00160469 cultural life of these countries
_GhYVuw0YKc-00691-00160470-00160704 examples of cultural elements where
_GhYVuw0YKc-00692-00160705-00160908 Daria's use became dominant include
_GhYVuw0YKc-00693-00160909-00161138 theatre film music television
_GhYVuw0YKc-00694-00161139-00161391 advertisement social media folktale
_GhYVuw0YKc-00695-00161392-00161862 books and companies names
_GhYVuw0YKc-00696-00161863-00162284 topic Ukraine
_GhYVuw0YKc-00697-00162285-00162526 the modern Ukrainian language has been
_GhYVuw0YKc-00698-00162527-00162734 in common use since the late 17th
_GhYVuw0YKc-00699-00162735-00162901 century associated with the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00700-00162902-00163051 establishment of the cossack hetmanate
_GhYVuw0YKc-00701-00163052-00163358 in the 19th century the Tsarist
_GhYVuw0YKc-00702-00163359-00163544 government of the russian empire claimed
_GhYVuw0YKc-00703-00163545-00163745 that ukrainian was merely a dialect of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00704-00163746-00163938 russian and not a language on its own
_GhYVuw0YKc-00705-00163939-00164144 according to these claims the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00706-00164145-00164326 differences were few and caused by the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00707-00164327-00164507 conquest of Western Ukraine by the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00708-00164508-00164788 Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth however
_GhYVuw0YKc-00709-00164789-00165032 in reality the dialects in Ukraine were
_GhYVuw0YKc-00710-00165033-00165185 developing independently from the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00711-00165186-00165362 dialects in the modern Russia for
_GhYVuw0YKc-00712-00165363-00165553 several centuries and as a result they
_GhYVuw0YKc-00713-00165554-00165824 differed substantially following the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00714-00165825-00166031 signing of the brest-litovsk treaty the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00715-00166032-00166216 German Empire briefly gained control
_GhYVuw0YKc-00716-00166217-00166457 over Ukraine during World War one but
_GhYVuw0YKc-00717-00166458-00166643 was eventually defeated by the untucked
_GhYVuw0YKc-00718-00166644-00166840 with major involvement by the Ukrainian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00719-00166841-00167135 Bolsheviks after Bolsheviks managed to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00720-00167136-00167299 conquer the rest of Ukraine from the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00721-00167300-00167486 Ukrainian People's Republic and the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00722-00167487-00167737 white Ukraine became part of the USSR
_GhYVuw0YKc-00723-00167738-00167950 whence a process of Ukraine ization was
_GhYVuw0YKc-00724-00167951-00168157 begun with encouragement from Moscow
_GhYVuw0YKc-00725-00168158-00168548 however in the late 1920s early 1930s
_GhYVuw0YKc-00726-00168549-00168745 the process started to reverse
_GhYVuw0YKc-00727-00168746-00168964 witnessing the Ukrainian cultural
_GhYVuw0YKc-00728-00168965-00169162 revival spurred by the Ukraine is a ssin
_GhYVuw0YKc-00729-00169163-00169390 in the early 12 90s and fearing that it
_GhYVuw0YKc-00730-00169391-00169528 might lead to an independence movement
_GhYVuw0YKc-00731-00169529-00169781 Moscow started to remove from power and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00732-00169782-00169982 in some cases physically eliminate the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00733-00169983-00170246 public proponents of Ukraine ization the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00734-00170247-00170449 appointment of pavel post ii chef as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00735-00170450-00170629 Secretary of the Communist Party of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00736-00170630-00170798 Ukraine marked the end of Ukraine
_GhYVuw0YKc-00737-00170799-00170993 ization and the opposite process of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00738-00170994-00171304 Russification started after world war ii
_GhYVuw0YKc-00739-00171305-00171577 citing ukrainian collaboration with nazi
_GhYVuw0YKc-00740-00171578-00171715 germany in an attempt to gain
_GhYVuw0YKc-00741-00171716-00171904 independence as the reason moscow
_GhYVuw0YKc-00742-00171905-00172124 changed its policy towards repression of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00743-00172125-00172390 the ukrainian language today the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00744-00172391-00172588 boundaries of the Ukrainian language to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00745-00172589-00172772 the Russian language are still not drawn
_GhYVuw0YKc-00746-00172773-00172963 clearly with an intermediate dialect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00747-00172964-00173164 between them called surjective elihpa ng
_GhYVuw0YKc-00748-00173165-00173503 in Ukraine
_GhYVuw0YKc-00749-00173504-00173976 topic Moldova
_GhYVuw0YKc-00750-00173977-00174195 there have been cases of a variety of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00751-00174196-00174408 speech being deliberately reclassified
_GhYVuw0YKc-00752-00174409-00174678 to serve political purposes one example
_GhYVuw0YKc-00753-00174679-00175011 is Moldovan in 1996 the Moldovan
_GhYVuw0YKc-00754-00175012-00175269 Parliament citing fears of Romanian
_GhYVuw0YKc-00755-00175270-00175554 expansionism rejected a proposal from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00756-00175555-00175761 president Murcia snugger to change the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00757-00175762-00175947 name of the language to Romanian and in
_GhYVuw0YKc-00758-00175948-00176247 2003 a Moldovan Romanian dictionary was
_GhYVuw0YKc-00759-00176248-00176421 published purporting to show that the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00760-00176422-00176648 two countries speak different languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00761-00176649-00176877 linguists of the Romanian Academy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00762-00176878-00177045 reacted by declaring that all the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00763-00177046-00177261 Moldovan words were also Romanian words
_GhYVuw0YKc-00764-00177262-00177486 while in Moldova the head of the Academy
_GhYVuw0YKc-00765-00177487-00177720 of Sciences of Moldova ion Barbuda
_GhYVuw0YKc-00766-00177721-00177870 described the dictionary as a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00767-00177871-00178411 politically motivated absurdity
_GhYVuw0YKc-00768-00178412-00178915 topic greater China
_GhYVuw0YKc-00769-00178916-00179173 unlike languages that use alphabets to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00770-00179174-00179359 indicate their pronunciation Chinese
_GhYVuw0YKc-00771-00179360-00179530 characters have developed from laga
_GhYVuw0YKc-00772-00179531-00179719 grams that do not always give hints to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00773-00179720-00179830 their pronunciation
_GhYVuw0YKc-00774-00179831-00180034 although the written characters have
_GhYVuw0YKc-00775-00180035-00180217 remained relatively consistent for the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00776-00180218-00180454 last 2,000 years the pronunciation and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00777-00180455-00180616 grammar in different regions have
_GhYVuw0YKc-00778-00180617-00180763 developed to an extent that the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00779-00180764-00180943 varieties of the spoken language are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00780-00180944-00181186 often mutually unintelligible as a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00781-00181187-00181363 series of migration to the south
_GhYVuw0YKc-00782-00181364-00181537 throughout the history the regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00783-00181538-00181729 languages of the south including GaN
_GhYVuw0YKc-00784-00181730-00181993 Xiang Wu min U and Hakka
_GhYVuw0YKc-00785-00181994-00182203 often show traces of old Chinese or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00786-00182204-00182407 middle Chinese from the Ming Dynasty
_GhYVuw0YKc-00787-00182408-00182662 onward Beijing has been the capital of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00788-00182663-00182887 China and the dialect spoken in Beijing
_GhYVuw0YKc-00789-00182888-00183058 has had the most prestige among other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00790-00183059-00183295 varieties with the founding of the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00791-00183296-00183526 Republic of China standard Mandarin was
_GhYVuw0YKc-00792-00183527-00183667 designated as the official language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00793-00183668-00183916 based on the spoken language of Beijing
_GhYVuw0YKc-00794-00183917-00184195 since then other spoken varieties are
_GhYVuw0YKc-00795-00184196-00184416 regarded as Fang in regional speech
_GhYVuw0YKc-00796-00184417-00184639 Cantonese is still the most commonly
_GhYVuw0YKc-00797-00184640-00184867 used language in Guangzhou Hong Kong
_GhYVuw0YKc-00798-00184868-00185098 Macau and among some overseas Chinese
_GhYVuw0YKc-00799-00185099-00185293 communities whereas Hokkien has been
_GhYVuw0YKc-00800-00185294-00185506 accepted in Taiwan as an important local
_GhYVuw0YKc-00801-00185507-00185953 language alongside Mandarin
_GhYVuw0YKc-00802-00185954-00186540 topic historical linguistics
_GhYVuw0YKc-00803-00186541-00187020 topic in Terlingua
_GhYVuw0YKc-00804-00187021-00187329 one language interlink wa was developed
_GhYVuw0YKc-00805-00187330-00187474 so that the languages of Western
_GhYVuw0YKc-00806-00187475-00187695 civilization would act as its dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00807-00187696-00187945 drawing from such concepts as the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00808-00187946-00188188 International scientific vocabulary and
_GhYVuw0YKc-00809-00188189-00188401 standard average European linguists
_GhYVuw0YKc-00810-00188402-00188560 developed a theory that the modern
_GhYVuw0YKc-00811-00188561-00188790 Western languages were actually dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00812-00188791-00188966 of a hidden or latent language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00813-00188967-00189163 researchers at the international
_GhYVuw0YKc-00814-00189164-00189429 auxiliary language Association extracted
_GhYVuw0YKc-00815-00189430-00189622 words and affixes that they considered
_GhYVuw0YKc-00816-00189623-00189820 to be part of inter linguist vocabulary
_GhYVuw0YKc-00817-00189821-00190096 in theory speakers of the Western
_GhYVuw0YKc-00818-00190097-00190282 languages would understand written or
_GhYVuw0YKc-00819-00190283-00190468 spoken in terlingua immediately without
_GhYVuw0YKc-00820-00190469-00190681 prior study since their own languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00821-00190682-00190939 where its dialects this has often turned
_GhYVuw0YKc-00822-00190940-00191176 out to be true especially but not solely
_GhYVuw0YKc-00823-00191177-00191383 for speakers of the Romance languages
_GhYVuw0YKc-00824-00191384-00191583 and educated speakers of English
_GhYVuw0YKc-00825-00191584-00191814 interlingua has also been found to
_GhYVuw0YKc-00826-00191815-00191944 assist in the learning of other
_GhYVuw0YKc-00827-00191945-00192259 languages in one study Swedish high
_GhYVuw0YKc-00828-00192260-00192436 school students learning in terlingua
_GhYVuw0YKc-00829-00192437-00192627 were able to translate passages from
_GhYVuw0YKc-00830-00192628-00192850 Spanish Portuguese and Italian that
_GhYVuw0YKc-00831-00192851-00193027 students of those languages found too
_GhYVuw0YKc-00832-00193028-00193264 difficult to understand it should be
_GhYVuw0YKc-00833-00193265-00193474 noted however that the vocabulary of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00834-00193475-00193672 inter lingua extends beyond the Western
_GhYVuw0YKc-00835-00193673-00194147 language families
_GhYVuw0YKc-00836-00194148-00194425 topic selected list of articles on
_GhYVuw0YKc-00837-00194426-00194837 dialects
_GhYVuw0YKc-00838-00194838-00195365 topic see also
_GhYVuw0YKc-00839-00195366-00195862 accent accents psychology cron elect
_GhYVuw0YKc-00840-00195863-00196294 creole language dialect leveling
_GhYVuw0YKc-00841-00196295-00196727 dialectology dialect amma tree Ethne
_GhYVuw0YKc-00842-00196728-00197369 lect i dialect idiolect isogloss coin a
_GhYVuw0YKc-00843-00197370-00197806 language register literary language
_GhYVuw0YKc-00844-00197807-00198269 nation language regional language sprach
_GhYVuw0YKc-00845-00198270-00198597 boon
_GhYVuw0YKc-00846-00198598-00199162 topic references
_GhYVuw0YKc-00847-00199163-00199707 topic external links
_GhYVuw0YKc-00848-00199708-00199959 sounds familiar listen to regional
_GhYVuw0YKc-00849-00199960-00200169 accents and dialects of the UK on the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00850-00200170-00200331 British library's sounds familiar
_GhYVuw0YKc-00851-00200332-00200666 website international dialects of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00852-00200667-00201035 English archives since 1997 whoo-hoo
_GhYVuw0YKc-00853-00201036-00201422 Cote UK British dialect translator the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00854-00201423-00201732 dialect dictionary calm compilation of
_GhYVuw0YKc-00855-00201733-00202025 dialects from around the globe a site
_GhYVuw0YKc-00856-00202026-00202194 for announcements and downloading the
_GhYVuw0YKc-00857-00202195-00202442 seal system
_p5RyBGqHKA-00000-00000169-00000376 section I'd like to move to this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00001-00000377-00000571 residence time distribution section and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00002-00000572-00000739 there's a little hand up does everyone
_p5RyBGqHKA-00003-00000740-00002025 have a copy of it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00004-00002026-00004324 [Music]
_p5RyBGqHKA-00005-00004325-00005439 a little
_p5RyBGqHKA-00006-00005440-00005831 okay so the main issue is this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00007-00005832-00006354 institution residence time distribution
_p5RyBGqHKA-00008-00006355-00006555 is a topic that unfortunately photo as
_p5RyBGqHKA-00009-00006556-00007370 out of the new version of the textbook
_p5RyBGqHKA-00010-00007370-00008370 and not in some strange reason so where
_p5RyBGqHKA-00011-00008371-00008660 we cover this topic I'm i will result in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00012-00008661-00008883 a few slides and I try to hang out there
_p5RyBGqHKA-00013-00008884-00009174 in front of you and also those of you
_p5RyBGqHKA-00014-00009175-00009324 that you want to be more information
_p5RyBGqHKA-00015-00009325-00009567 those that have the new home please make
_p5RyBGqHKA-00016-00009568-00009771 sure you find find an all-party and he's
_p5RyBGqHKA-00017-00009772-00010029 just yet as persecute a Jew in chapter
_p5RyBGqHKA-00018-00010030-00010224 13 we're really only going to have two
_p5RyBGqHKA-00019-00010225-00010605 foxes tonight and Monday night so we're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00020-00010606-00010842 not going to go in there this topic this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00021-00010843-00010989 topic is a transition between
_p5RyBGqHKA-00022-00010990-00011193 introduction to reiax design and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00023-00011194-00011439 environment design the Box graphic
_p5RyBGqHKA-00024-00011440-00011649 design mean take a look at this issue a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00025-00011650-00012084 lot more strongly so it's kind of really
_p5RyBGqHKA-00026-00012085-00012252 where we just end it off Valerie's the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00027-00012253-00012426 beck is all that we need to know for
_p5RyBGqHKA-00028-00012427-00012594 intro to ask design this is now
_p5RyBGqHKA-00029-00012595-00012822 introducing a bit more what happens in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00030-00012822-00013455 reality so we've considered so far we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00031-00013456-00014019 consider your very ideal types of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00032-00014019-00014641 reactors essentially two extremes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00033-00014641-00014888 on the one hand reaches it at blood flow
_p5RyBGqHKA-00034-00014888-00015461 reactors and all the way out the other
_p5RyBGqHKA-00035-00015462-00015944 end of the spectrum is a CSTR so a batch
_p5RyBGqHKA-00036-00015944-00016241 reactor really is a CSTR but with the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00037-00016241-00016580 image an outlet closed up plug flow
_p5RyBGqHKA-00038-00016581-00017078 reactor in advance the PFR it's also a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00039-00017079-00017741 PBR so those those to represent real
_p5RyBGqHKA-00040-00017742-00017953 extremes in terms of operation
_p5RyBGqHKA-00041-00017954-00018328 everything else in reality approaches
_p5RyBGqHKA-00042-00018329-00018584 those of the plug flow reactor in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00043-00018585-00018857 practice will never behave ideally as a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00044-00018858-00018983 plug flow reactor will be hanging
_p5RyBGqHKA-00045-00018984-00019105 somewhere in the middle of the spectrum
_p5RyBGqHKA-00046-00019106-00019453 and the normal the CSTR behaved like a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00047-00019454-00019739 true CSTR to come across it will almost
_p5RyBGqHKA-00048-00019740-00020036 always have some issues with those let's
_p5RyBGqHKA-00049-00020037-00020141 take a look at some of those issues
_p5RyBGqHKA-00050-00020142-00020435 might be showing their this hand on the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00051-00020436-00020771 CSTR coming in with feet it's mixed up
_p5RyBGqHKA-00052-00020772-00020975 your body inhale up and this gives my
_p5RyBGqHKA-00053-00020976-00021325 updated talk so you can well imagine
_p5RyBGqHKA-00054-00021326-00021593 that some of the particles of the egg
_p5RyBGqHKA-00055-00021594-00021887 spend pretty much no time in the reactor
_p5RyBGqHKA-00056-00021888-00022091 and they just channel across yet and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00057-00022092-00022337 need right away so they come in with a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00058-00022338-00022706 concentration of C a noise the ideal
_p5RyBGqHKA-00059-00022707-00022969 CSTR tells us that the concentration
_p5RyBGqHKA-00060-00022970-00023441 evening is ca but that's not I just said
_p5RyBGqHKA-00061-00023442-00023731 correct that is true for a large amount
_p5RyBGqHKA-00062-00023732-00023944 of material but some of the particles
_p5RyBGqHKA-00063-00023945-00024005 are even
_p5RyBGqHKA-00064-00024006-00024294 I spent very well I'm India and so are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00065-00024295-00024528 not you can be reactive and they would
_p5RyBGqHKA-00066-00024529-00024758 be with a high concentration other
_p5RyBGqHKA-00067-00024759-00025053 people's favorite ages in that actor
_p5RyBGqHKA-00068-00025054-00025347 being something recycled around around
_p5RyBGqHKA-00069-00025348-00025536 this second regions offering these
_p5RyBGqHKA-00070-00025537-00025919 corners so those particles there will
_p5RyBGqHKA-00071-00025920-00026195 have ample time to react and they will
_p5RyBGqHKA-00072-00026197-00026390 leave them with a much higher conversion
_p5RyBGqHKA-00073-00026391-00026649 so what's really deep in here is us in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00074-00026650-00026826 the concentration see a certain
_p5RyBGqHKA-00075-00026827-00027126 conversion X but it's the blend of the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00076-00027127-00027432 variety of particles like if we had some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00077-00027433-00027746 way to ask every particle how long did
_p5RyBGqHKA-00078-00027747-00028017 you spend in the reactor you implying a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00079-00028018-00028236 distribution some particles have spent a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00080-00028237-00028383 very short time in the reactor other
_p5RyBGqHKA-00081-00028383-00028680 particles especially one that's clearly
_p5RyBGqHKA-00082-00028681-00028940 going to make the conversion we put some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00083-00028941-00029133 notion of that already by using the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00084-00029133-00029645 residence time tau Taliban tells us the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00085-00029647-00029843 space time or the residence time is the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00086-00029844-00030030 volume of the reactor divided by that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00087-00030031-00030348 four dimensional flow rate Q it's helped
_p5RyBGqHKA-00088-00030349-00030606 me the amount of time that particles are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00089-00030607-00030831 spent in the reactor on average is one
_p5RyBGqHKA-00090-00030832-00031058 rough way of interpreting it it's not
_p5RyBGqHKA-00091-00031059-00031349 totally true the more correct way of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00092-00031350-00031548 saying it is the amount of time taken to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00093-00031549-00031845 replace the volume of the reactor so one
_p5RyBGqHKA-00094-00031845-00032087 time to replace the type
_p5RyBGqHKA-00095-00032088-00032411 granted but in general you can towers
_p5RyBGqHKA-00096-00032412-00032636 already given you an idea of the average
_p5RyBGqHKA-00097-00032637-00032902 time too difficult i'm special adapter
_p5RyBGqHKA-00098-00032903-00033437 plug flow reactor EBR we have the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00099-00033438-00033689 situation with our particles together
_p5RyBGqHKA-00100-00033690-00034001 and it's quite clear that depending on
_p5RyBGqHKA-00101-00034002-00034205 how well this bed is packed there's
_p5RyBGqHKA-00102-00034206-00034367 going to be some channel little short
_p5RyBGqHKA-00103-00034368-00034643 circuiting so some of the material is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00104-00034644-00034814 going to pass through quite rapidly
_p5RyBGqHKA-00105-00034815-00035004 other material is going to get slowed
_p5RyBGqHKA-00106-00035005-00035355 down with that bed is densely packed and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00107-00035356-00035601 these beds are not static by any means
_p5RyBGqHKA-00108-00035602-00035795 because there's this velocity going
_p5RyBGqHKA-00109-00035796-00035990 through the bed as expansion and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00110-00035991-00036230 contraction with effects over time these
_p5RyBGqHKA-00111-00036231-00036527 channels do developing allowing some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00112-00036528-00036815 streams to leave the reactor more
_p5RyBGqHKA-00113-00036816-00037160 rapidly than some other streams entry so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00114-00037161-00037548 the assumption we made earlier on of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00115-00037549-00037986 having an axial direction that's well
_p5RyBGqHKA-00116-00037987-00038292 that's moving along at a group from pace
_p5RyBGqHKA-00117-00038293-00038474 through that matter that's not true
_p5RyBGqHKA-00118-00038475-00038679 we're definitely going to get some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00119-00038680-00038915 profiles building up in this reacts in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00120-00038916-00039126 these pack days i should say over time
_p5RyBGqHKA-00121-00039127-00039507 so by passing and channel name is the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00122-00039508-00039782 terminology that's used to prevent so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00123-00039783-00040052 what you're seeing as some other types
_p5RyBGqHKA-00124-00040053-00040280 of grasses but here in this packed bed
_p5RyBGqHKA-00125-00040281-00040511 for example as we've designed this pack
_p5RyBGqHKA-00126-00040512-00040646 beds or in it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00127-00040647-00040952 the top there's going to be some period
_p5RyBGqHKA-00128-00040953-00041189 some regions where we're going to blow
_p5RyBGqHKA-00129-00041190-00041393 that catalyst out of the way and create
_p5RyBGqHKA-00130-00041394-00042041 channels artificially we survived us so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00131-00042042-00042314 we recognized that every reactor in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00132-00042315-00042773 practice will never be a pure plug flow
_p5RyBGqHKA-00133-00042774-00043013 reactor know that it'll be okay oh CSTR
_p5RyBGqHKA-00134-00043014-00043190 would always be somewhere in the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00135-00043191-00043475 spectrum hopefully we'll be close to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00136-00043476-00043682 this directory cash yet if we are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00137-00043683-00043889 running a PFR and hopefully we'll be
_p5RyBGqHKA-00138-00043890-00044108 close to this area to run easiest car
_p5RyBGqHKA-00139-00044109-00044432 but we can never be exactly a pure
_p5RyBGqHKA-00140-00044433-00044885 mystical batch reactors of our conv see
_p5RyBGqHKA-00141-00044886-00045038 the only reactor that you really don't
_p5RyBGqHKA-00142-00045039-00045218 have to worry about this issue because
_p5RyBGqHKA-00143-00045219-00045434 the batch reactor put everything to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00144-00045435-00045641 close up the valves and read agitators
_p5RyBGqHKA-00145-00045642-00045944 and every particle stays in the reactor
_p5RyBGqHKA-00146-00045945-00046175 for the same amount of time constraint
_p5RyBGqHKA-00147-00046176-00046490 we act out so that reacts is really are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00148-00046491-00046667 we going to consider it as time
_p5RyBGqHKA-00149-00046668-00047075 distributions under batch sisters so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00150-00047076-00047327 what do we do about this and how do we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00151-00047328-00047498 measure this residence time
_p5RyBGqHKA-00152-00047499-00047669 distributions we're saying as a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00153-00047670-00047867 distribution so from the stats course
_p5RyBGqHKA-00154-00047868-00048083 you know that what distributions are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00155-00048084-00048394 about how long is that residence time
_p5RyBGqHKA-00156-00048395-00048680 for certain party what is the district
_p5RyBGqHKA-00157-00048681-00048965 quite important so let's take a look at
_p5RyBGqHKA-00158-00048966-00049670 how we get some of these parties out if
_p5RyBGqHKA-00159-00049671-00050555 you measure our TV
_p5RyBGqHKA-00160-00050556-00050921 well we do an experiment viewing inject
_p5RyBGqHKA-00161-00050922-00051758 a tracer so we inject a tracer into the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00162-00051759-00052238 reactor and then we take the measurement
_p5RyBGqHKA-00163-00052239-00053303 at the reactor essence exes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00164-00053304-00053984 concentration of the tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00165-00053985-00054259 it's not the concentration of a or the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00166-00054260-00055056 measure the concentration of the tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00167-00055057-00056250 at the exit
_p5RyBGqHKA-00168-00056251-00056580 you guys do any lab experiments or
_p5RyBGqHKA-00169-00056582-00056838 reactants on residence time distribution
_p5RyBGqHKA-00170-00056839-00057105 okay so look have any of you Daniel
_p5RyBGqHKA-00171-00057107-00058723 Sturridge it s okay so okay so this what
_p5RyBGqHKA-00172-00058724-00060187 it looks like is your injection point
_p5RyBGqHKA-00173-00060188-00060445 and as soon as possible after that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00174-00060446-00060654 injection point so we have an injection
_p5RyBGqHKA-00175-00060655-00060823 for the current wider two reactors
_p5RyBGqHKA-00176-00060824-00061222 interest me inject a tracer so this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00177-00061223-00061420 might be my bed reactor for assault with
_p5RyBGqHKA-00178-00061421-00061984 undertones and then pretty much at the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00179-00061985-00062563 exit day we measure the song
_p5RyBGqHKA-00180-00062564-00063347 so this is my collection
_p5RyBGqHKA-00181-00063348-00063607 okay so what is a trace of well a tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00182-00063608-00064103 is anything that is peanuts if you can
_p5RyBGqHKA-00183-00064104-00064625 add to the reactor so that people we're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00184-00064626-00064807 through the reactor with the rest of the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00185-00064808-00065313 species so what is prezi at least we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00186-00065314-00065822 converse we don't want it to be consumed
_p5RyBGqHKA-00187-00065823-00066043 as well by the reaction we wanted to be
_p5RyBGqHKA-00188-00066044-00066554 soluble in the mixture so this is a gas
_p5RyBGqHKA-00189-00066555-00066818 phase or liquid phase and particularly
_p5RyBGqHKA-00190-00066819-00067190 wanted to be moving with the rest of the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00191-00067191-00067541 seasons or phase reaction occurring this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00192-00067542-00067819 tracer should be liquid as well so that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00193-00067820-00068117 a beautiful rest of the system obviously
_p5RyBGqHKA-00194-00068118-00068516 needs to be detectable at the reactor
_p5RyBGqHKA-00195-00068517-00068725 exit 0 so where we take our sample and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00196-00068726-00068942 measure that tracer concentration again
_p5RyBGqHKA-00197-00068943-00069317 at the end happy exit it is to have some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00198-00069318-00070192 other physical properties
_p5RyBGqHKA-00199-00070193-00070517 so viscosity and density of that tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00200-00070518-00070717 should be similar to the reacting and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00201-00070718-00071099 species as well as 13 ages and also
_p5RyBGqHKA-00202-00071100-00071453 importantly it should not be absorbed by
_p5RyBGqHKA-00203-00071454-00072193 the reactor for some traces my stick to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00204-00072194-00072469 the reactor shall some tracing like
_p5RyBGqHKA-00205-00072470-00072698 stick to the packed bed particle so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00206-00072699-00072988 should not be absorbed especially every
_p5RyBGqHKA-00207-00072989-00073316 might inject three kilograms of tracer I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00208-00073317-00073753 need to be able to recover 3pm tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00209-00073754-00074054 okay so what is sometime people traces
_p5RyBGqHKA-00210-00074055-00074374 that want to use when I did my
_p5RyBGqHKA-00211-00074375-00074626 undergraduate lab experiment as we use
_p5RyBGqHKA-00212-00074627-00074918 food coloring so you inject food
_p5RyBGqHKA-00213-00074919-00075191 coloring here a known quantity and then
_p5RyBGqHKA-00214-00075192-00075392 we use the spectrometer at the exit to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00215-00075393-00075812 measure the color leaving so you do some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00216-00075813-00076037 colored material well if you're reacting
_p5RyBGqHKA-00217-00076038-00076351 solid particles some companies will coat
_p5RyBGqHKA-00218-00076352-00076588 that solid particle with a special
_p5RyBGqHKA-00219-00076589-00076796 fluorescent coating and then they
_p5RyBGqHKA-00220-00076797-00076955 measure the fluorescence of that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00221-00076956-00077237 particles leaving for the fluorescent
_p5RyBGqHKA-00222-00077238-00077549 amount leaving over time will show what
_p5RyBGqHKA-00223-00077550-00077840 that tracer concentration is sometimes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00224-00077841-00078425 they would use radioactive material if
_p5RyBGqHKA-00225-00078426-00078611 you require gas phase reaction occurring
_p5RyBGqHKA-00226-00078612-00078955 that you might enter tracer energy see
_p5RyBGqHKA-00227-00078956-00079147 for example
_p5RyBGqHKA-00228-00079148-00079480 tracer reject Helio and then you can
_p5RyBGqHKA-00229-00079481-00079656 measure the concentration of helium
_p5RyBGqHKA-00230-00079657-00080212 leaving so a good example of the tracer
_p5RyBGqHKA-00231-00080213-00080587 that's using biological studies is roll
_p5RyBGqHKA-00232-00080588-00080787 prostate examination so prostate
_p5RyBGqHKA-00233-00080788-00080998 examinations and other such as positive
_p5RyBGqHKA-00234-00080999-00081223 I know this pasta is because I've done
_p5RyBGqHKA-00235-00081224-00081460 some research in this area on
_p5RyBGqHKA-00236-00081461-00081715 experimental studies they would analyze
_p5RyBGqHKA-00237-00081716-00082000 the positive images afterwards to detect
_p5RyBGqHKA-00238-00082001-00082192 early answer what they do these days
_p5RyBGqHKA-00239-00082193-00082422 with water detection is they inject
_p5RyBGqHKA-00240-00082423-00082612 radioactive material into your
_p5RyBGqHKA-00241-00082613-00082912 bloodstream that will get preferentially
_p5RyBGqHKA-00242-00082913-00083128 absorbed by the antibodies present in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00243-00083129-00083400 the prostate cancer and get pertained to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00244-00083401-00083668 take x-ray images of the prostate all
_p5RyBGqHKA-00245-00083669-00083893 the time and if you see that the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00246-00083894-00084069 radioactive materials appears again
_p5RyBGqHKA-00247-00084070-00084325 because no Austin cancellations retained
_p5RyBGqHKA-00248-00084326-00084693 then you know that there's an issue so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00249-00084694-00084900 these are the years of injecting
_p5RyBGqHKA-00250-00084901-00085072 something and in measuring your response
_p5RyBGqHKA-00251-00085073-00085401 afterwards occurs in reactor design it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00252-00085402-00085840 occurs in the medical area and there's a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00253-00085841-00085984 lot of planning to be many companies
_p5RyBGqHKA-00254-00085985-00086284 really meter and want to understand
_p5RyBGqHKA-00255-00086285-00086503 what there is x distributions are in the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00256-00086504-00086775 reactors because anytime you have this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00257-00086776-00087024 inefficiency of channeling and bypassing
_p5RyBGqHKA-00258-00087025-00087276 and a volume occurring you're always
_p5RyBGqHKA-00259-00087277-00087535 reducing attacks performance like you
_p5RyBGqHKA-00260-00087536-00087916 can be quite sure that these extreme
_p5RyBGqHKA-00261-00087917-00088099 examples of plug flow reactors and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00262-00088100-00088360 extreme examples of CH ardennes will get
_p5RyBGqHKA-00263-00088361-00088621 you the most conversion so if i picked a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00264-00088622-00088798 plug flow reactor it's because i'm going
_p5RyBGqHKA-00265-00088799-00088915 to give the highest conversion the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00266-00088916-00089212 better well if my actual reactor doesn't
_p5RyBGqHKA-00267-00089213-00089538 behave like a part of an actor some of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00268-00089539-00089734 the material is leaving fox10 not
_p5RyBGqHKA-00269-00089735-00089998 spending enough time in Atlanta for sure
_p5RyBGqHKA-00270-00089999-00090243 my conversion is going to draw water and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00271-00090244-00090588 so almost always we can be sure that in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00272-00090589-00090831 my my ideal behavior in a reactor is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00273-00090832-00091093 leading to perform so we want to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00274-00091094-00091318 understand why this is occurring and by
_p5RyBGqHKA-00275-00091319-00091656 how much is a different I would give are
_p5RyBGqHKA-00276-00091657-00091896 affected with a note catalyst technique
_p5RyBGqHKA-00277-00091897-00092199 how did he effected without a catalyst
_p5RyBGqHKA-00278-00092200-00092421 yeah there was no penalty
_p5RyBGqHKA-00279-00092422-00092718 generally oh okay so remember we said so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00280-00092719-00092982 a bit of plug flow reactor that has no
_p5RyBGqHKA-00281-00092983-00093216 catalyst if we had made the assumption
_p5RyBGqHKA-00282-00093217-00093462 and you've got perfect axial progress
_p5RyBGqHKA-00283-00093463-00093630 moving forward but you note from our
_p5RyBGqHKA-00284-00093631-00093792 community of course without a parabolic
_p5RyBGqHKA-00285-00093793-00094050 profile so some material is going to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00286-00094051-00094260 spend less time in the reactor and other
_p5RyBGqHKA-00287-00094261-00095208 times ok the lower question is how would
_p5RyBGqHKA-00288-00095209-00095517 inject a tracer protector float the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00289-00095518-00095670 injection of the tracer should not
_p5RyBGqHKA-00290-00095671-00095870 affect the flow at all that's a whole a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00291-00095871-00096090 very very important part is that this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00292-00096091-00096315 tracer should not change the way they
_p5RyBGqHKA-00293-00096316-00096795 reacted became it has it will dilute it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00294-00096796-00097020 by a small amount so we had by
_p5RyBGqHKA-00295-00097021-00097239 definition tracers of tiny quantity
_p5RyBGqHKA-00296-00097240-00097497 realize it to feed so we're really not
_p5RyBGqHKA-00297-00097498-00097653 diving to my flow rates we're not
_p5RyBGqHKA-00298-00097654-00097899 changing significantly but then we're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00299-00097900-00098088 going to measure this distribution even
_p5RyBGqHKA-00300-00098089-00098406 so this take a look at what some of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00301-00098407-00098538 these traitorous traitors would like a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00302-00098539-00098664 nap will give you a better idea of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00303-00098665-00098910 what's going on here take a look at some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00304-00098911-00099210 plots of what trace of a trace that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00305-00099211-00100061 output looks like
_p5RyBGqHKA-00306-00100062-00100466 so there's two tumors you can do this I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00307-00100467-00101419 so two types of inputs
_p5RyBGqHKA-00308-00101420-00101690 so two types of tracer experiments one
_p5RyBGqHKA-00309-00101691-00101857 is going to pulse and one is called a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00310-00101858-00102733 step so you might race again this is the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00311-00102734-00103486 waltz in put my whole simple box-like is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00312-00103488-00103917 I will operate add some period of time
_p5RyBGqHKA-00313-00103918-00104513 inject a small pulse and then take that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00314-00104514-00105377 down to zero this access time a step
_p5RyBGqHKA-00315-00105378-00105875 input considers this tracer be injected
_p5RyBGqHKA-00316-00105876-00106145 as you would expect in a step function
_p5RyBGqHKA-00317-00106146-00106352 like you've learned about in your
_p5RyBGqHKA-00318-00106353-00106703 prospect of course you put a stick in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00319-00106704-00108281 into the reactor
_p5RyBGqHKA-00320-00108282-00108908 what is the outputs look like then so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00321-00108909-00109215 again with T now we're measuring see how
_p5RyBGqHKA-00322-00109216-00110105 to see out is what I measure of it yet
_p5RyBGqHKA-00323-00110106-00110349 CN is what I'm injecting that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00324-00110350-00110616 concentration eliciting where something
_p5RyBGqHKA-00325-00110617-00111030 is see out so to radioactive tracers he
_p5RyBGqHKA-00326-00111031-00111198 it might be another quantity of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00327-00111199-00111552 radiation I'm going in and see our thing
_p5RyBGqHKA-00328-00111553-00111723 I can measure that radiation leaving
_p5RyBGqHKA-00329-00111724-00112271 with time well one example of this might
_p5RyBGqHKA-00330-00112272-00112524 be that at the time I can make that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00331-00112525-00112896 injection I start to see leaving my
_p5RyBGqHKA-00332-00112897-00113469 reactor something like that this is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00333-00113470-00114208 called a sinker
_p5RyBGqHKA-00334-00114209-00114513 ok so it's because they did not ideally
_p5RyBGqHKA-00335-00114514-00114807 what would both a plug flow reactors
_p5RyBGqHKA-00336-00114808-00115658 optical the same ok so perfect plug flow
_p5RyBGqHKA-00337-00115659-00115923 reactors in this is the input into a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00338-00115924-00116159 bundle erected above the club floor and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00339-00116160-00116352 should show exactly the same heavenly
_p5RyBGqHKA-00340-00116353-00116607 vehicle but we're saying that we know
_p5RyBGqHKA-00341-00116608-00116786 these are not perfect reactor this is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00342-00116788-00117008 channeling some of the material goes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00343-00117009-00117185 through the reactor really floss others
_p5RyBGqHKA-00344-00117186-00117471 gets healthy mind so output that I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00345-00117472-00117630 actually measure look something like
_p5RyBGqHKA-00346-00117631-00118071 this so the deviation of the ideal curve
_p5RyBGqHKA-00347-00118072-00118310 versus the actual pro experience is a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00348-00118311-00118650 measure of how how different we are from
_p5RyBGqHKA-00349-00118651-00119124 a DSS an example of the same output
_p5RyBGqHKA-00350-00119125-00119892 might be an example it's time of out so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00351-00119893-00120461 this was my pulse output let's take a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00352-00120463-00121010 look at my step response so we can pull
_p5RyBGqHKA-00353-00121011-00121176 that my pulse response as well just
_p5RyBGqHKA-00354-00121177-00121392 assistance also response the step
_p5RyBGqHKA-00355-00121393-00121709 response will be given pulse input in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00356-00121710-00122033 the step input full the step response i
_p5RyBGqHKA-00357-00122034-00122313 love something exactly that you see in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00358-00122314-00122691 the actors are in fact something like
_p5RyBGqHKA-00359-00122692-00123061 that and people level of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00360-00123063-00123558 that same so if i keep inject in this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00361-00123558-00123720 tracer and keep it up at a high level
_p5RyBGqHKA-00362-00123721-00124013 eventually at the algorithm around i
_p5RyBGqHKA-00363-00124014-00124277 will see that maintained maybe but it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00364-00124278-00124910 will take some period of time and you're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00365-00124911-00125157 homeless so whatever whatever like
_p5RyBGqHKA-00366-00125158-00125375 they'd say I'm objective a medium that I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00367-00125376-00125552 started some period of time and I just
_p5RyBGqHKA-00368-00125553-00125687 keep it and even at a known
_p5RyBGqHKA-00369-00125688-00125954 concentration sink in eventually see out
_p5RyBGqHKA-00370-00125955-00126222 will recheck see it when you reach out
_p5RyBGqHKA-00371-00126223-00127023 to these days okay no that's oh it's
_p5RyBGqHKA-00372-00127024-00127226 what should be clear to you that this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00373-00127227-00127511 area here that area the curve will match
_p5RyBGqHKA-00374-00127513-00127886 this area in this yeah so this that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00375-00127888-00128060 pulse is actually really hard and you're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00376-00128061-00128528 right I photomask valves we have totally
_p5RyBGqHKA-00377-00128529-00128708 expect that so I'm putting in a certain
_p5RyBGqHKA-00378-00128709-00129069 mass in this integrated area leaving us
_p5RyBGqHKA-00379-00129070-00129524 please the same I can't you waterscape
_p5RyBGqHKA-00380-00129525-00129756 so wholesome it's actually really hard
_p5RyBGqHKA-00381-00129757-00129950 to do properly as a pulse sequence is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00382-00129951-00130127 very rapidly like you can change the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00383-00130128-00130371 motor mounts in stock it's very hard to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00384-00130372-00130586 actually do that in practice because at
_p5RyBGqHKA-00385-00130588-00130797 this injection point you're already
_p5RyBGqHKA-00386-00130798-00131043 starting to get mixing and long idea to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00387-00131044-00131235 occur it out not due to the reactor that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00388-00131236-00131491 just you too honey includes pitfalls so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00389-00131492-00131832 we very often cannot really apply a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00390-00131833-00132009 true-false in practice so state
_p5RyBGqHKA-00391-00132010-00132198 responses are really easy to implement
_p5RyBGqHKA-00392-00132199-00132658 actually pulses are a lot
_p5RyBGqHKA-00393-00132659-00132938 okay so now let's take a look at some of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00394-00132939-00133124 the theories so back to your hand up and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00395-00133125-00133421 run dude let's take a look at some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00396-00133422-00133898 definitions we say that we met n0 rolls
_p5RyBGqHKA-00397-00133899-00134459 or tracer so noise work in grams perhaps
_p5RyBGqHKA-00398-00134460-00134669 if you don't want to work in moles might
_p5RyBGqHKA-00399-00134670-00134984 need more convenient some companies
_p5RyBGqHKA-00400-00134985-00135317 actually use interesting traces so for
_p5RyBGqHKA-00401-00135318-00135557 example in the my eight minutes I just
_p5RyBGqHKA-00402-00135558-00135713 go straight in 50 here we looked at this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00403-00135714-00136061 before re CSTR determine from a gold
_p5RyBGqHKA-00404-00136062-00136295 mine in South Africa near my house I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00405-00136296-00136685 grew up and ec STRs there is about 10 of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00406-00136686-00136886 in a series but the countries will do
_p5RyBGqHKA-00407-00136887-00137072 that with different colored particles in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00408-00137073-00137237 this will take plastic bowls or
_p5RyBGqHKA-00409-00137238-00137453 ping-pong balls or gold balls and they
_p5RyBGqHKA-00410-00137454-00137684 come in different houses and that's
_p5RyBGqHKA-00411-00137685-00138293 their tracers so it's um it's a similar
_p5RyBGqHKA-00412-00138294-00138473 particle size they take particles that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00413-00138474-00138731 are similar size modern marvels and they
_p5RyBGqHKA-00414-00138732-00138881 put them through the system they measure
_p5RyBGqHKA-00415-00138882-00139076 the number of ones are so when you say
_p5RyBGqHKA-00416-00139077-00139340 n0 is moles we obviously can't measure
_p5RyBGqHKA-00417-00139341-00139622 moles or whether ping-pong balls but we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00418-00139623-00140072 can simply just converted over 22 grams
_p5RyBGqHKA-00419-00140073-00140375 or number so it just simply represents a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00420-00140376-00140762 number of going in the concentration out
_p5RyBGqHKA-00421-00140763-00141002 late game is measured during a period of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00422-00141003-00141407 time delta T and then the concentration
_p5RyBGqHKA-00423-00141408-00141863 CT is taken within that small time here
_p5RyBGqHKA-00424-00141864-00142112 so within a period of delta T we assume
_p5RyBGqHKA-00425-00142113-00142301 that that concentration demon is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00426-00142302-00142604 constant that's a fair assumption so
_p5RyBGqHKA-00427-00142605-00143029 what we can then derive is the number of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00428-00143030-00143784 moles
_p5RyBGqHKA-00429-00143785-00144865 within a period of dusty so it's cool x
_p5RyBGqHKA-00430-00144866-00145491 delta n so you can add into your notes I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00431-00145492-00146128 so that Delta n is equal to see that you
_p5RyBGqHKA-00432-00146129-00146422 measure within that time kc c multiplied
_p5RyBGqHKA-00433-00146423-00146671 by the volumetric flow rate multiplied
_p5RyBGqHKA-00434-00146672-00147060 by delta see more so let's just not good
_p5RyBGqHKA-00435-00147061-00147522 check yet so this would be multitude
_p5RyBGqHKA-00436-00147523-00148004 with better be a mysterious package
_p5RyBGqHKA-00437-00148005-00148747 sentence so Delta n would be the number
_p5RyBGqHKA-00438-00148748-00148978 of moles that you measure leaving the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00439-00148979-00149716 period of time delta T what we negative
_p5RyBGqHKA-00440-00149717-00150040 is say well if I'm measuring Delta n
_p5RyBGqHKA-00441-00150041-00150301 moles leaving what is the ratio of that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00442-00150302-00150496 relative to the total amount that i
_p5RyBGqHKA-00443-00150497-00150757 started off so i injected ends
_p5RyBGqHKA-00444-00150758-00151295 and start Delta n over n nodes that is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00445-00151296-00152040 equal to C T times q / annuals
_p5RyBGqHKA-00446-00152041-00152399 multiplied by delta T so just divide
_p5RyBGqHKA-00447-00152400-00152737 both sides to get fractions we're
_p5RyBGqHKA-00448-00152738-00154188 getting the fractional amount fractional
_p5RyBGqHKA-00449-00154189-00155111 direction and this quantity in the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00450-00155112-00155476 numerator denominator is so this is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00451-00155477-00156666 actually my residence time we call that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00452-00156667-00157193 Delta n over n notice 1502 i'll just
_p5RyBGqHKA-00453-00157194-00157322 write it up here for those of you at the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00454-00157323-00157684 back delta n over n gold
_p5RyBGqHKA-00455-00157685-00160500 equal to t
_p5RyBGqHKA-00456-00160501-00160738 okay so let's just take that first
_p5RyBGqHKA-00457-00160739-00160882 equation that's up there on the wall
_p5RyBGqHKA-00458-00160883-00161314 outside light will light up against on
_p5RyBGqHKA-00459-00161315-00162003 the Delta n times Q Delta T but we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00460-00162004-00162252 express that in the parental form that
_p5RyBGqHKA-00461-00162253-00163093 becomes DN is x NT I can integrate both
_p5RyBGqHKA-00462-00163094-00163588 sides and integrate from 0 so I start by
_p5RyBGqHKA-00463-00163589-00163807 putting him no molds and then I end up
_p5RyBGqHKA-00464-00163808-00164304 with n0 moles total and then i integrate
_p5RyBGqHKA-00465-00164305-00164707 on the right hand side of the zero in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00466-00164708-00165307 infinite time I've added in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00467-00165308-00167099 [Music]
_p5RyBGqHKA-00468-00167100-00167619 yeah so this integral then we take we
_p5RyBGqHKA-00469-00167620-00167946 take these deltas set it to DNS delta T
_p5RyBGqHKA-00470-00167947-00168240 goes to dt and we integrate from some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00471-00168241-00168450 initial time 0 sometime in the future
_p5RyBGqHKA-00472-00168451-00168740 infinity we've added over that period of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00473-00168741-00169095 time n0 moles in total so that integral
_p5RyBGqHKA-00474-00169096-00169374 thing right about gets me any noticeable
_p5RyBGqHKA-00475-00169375-00169638 is equal to the integral from 0 to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00476-00169639-00170586 infinity of CLC times q 14 x 14 so n wat
_p5RyBGqHKA-00477-00170587-00170840 is the amount that i've added but if i
_p5RyBGqHKA-00478-00170841-00171072 didn't record it for some reason or if I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00479-00171073-00171308 can't measure how much I'm injecting
_p5RyBGqHKA-00480-00171309-00171594 insert some situations we actually can't
_p5RyBGqHKA-00481-00171595-00171798 measure how much traits already I can
_p5RyBGqHKA-00482-00171799-00171981 always back calculated afterwards from
_p5RyBGqHKA-00483-00171982-00172233 this integral I know C of T the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00484-00172234-00172413 concentration measuring at the outlets
_p5RyBGqHKA-00485-00172414-00172710 and of humor volumetric Florence I can
_p5RyBGqHKA-00486-00172711-00172899 go integrate that using finite
_p5RyBGqHKA-00487-00172900-00173277 differences of what that code into crazy
_p5RyBGqHKA-00488-00173278-00173941 is just a one other thing to point out
_p5RyBGqHKA-00489-00173942-00174238 over here let's just take this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00490-00174239-00174555 information that we had the dead is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00491-00174556-00175126 Delta n over N Roses e of x delta T I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00492-00175127-00175366 can also express that in derivative or i
_p5RyBGqHKA-00493-00175367-00176368 can write it as DN by DT is equal to x
_p5RyBGqHKA-00494-00176369-00176806 one of the animals see that would be
_p5RyBGqHKA-00495-00176807-00177001 another way of writing it so just take
_p5RyBGqHKA-00496-00177002-00177240 the take the differences and send him to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00497-00177241-00178254 10 minutes 20
_p5RyBGqHKA-00498-00178255-00178625 I guess you can see this is funny to go
_p5RyBGqHKA-00499-00178626-00179541 that p of t minus 1 over n moles x DN of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00500-00179542-00182031 its equal
_p5RyBGqHKA-00501-00182032-00182383 yeah so you do so n notice all the texts
_p5RyBGqHKA-00502-00182384-00182632 you had from zero to campaign that's the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00503-00182633-00182853 tracer I add / whatever period of time I
_p5RyBGqHKA-00504-00182854-00183169 had it so we said we did you read phone
_p5RyBGqHKA-00505-00183170-00183378 when we start adding it to some time in
_p5RyBGqHKA-00506-00183379-00183562 the future you don't know resolver step
_p5RyBGqHKA-00507-00183563-00183883 in wood so that pesky no thought for
_p5RyBGqHKA-00508-00183884-00184159 teens to infinite eventual next
_p5RyBGqHKA-00509-00184160-00184326 concentration will go down to zero the
_p5RyBGqHKA-00510-00184327-00184585 data all those zeroes but once i stop
_p5RyBGqHKA-00511-00184586-00184783 adding my trace eventually coming out my
_p5RyBGqHKA-00512-00184784-00185032 axx is not no traitor so that you there
_p5RyBGqHKA-00513-00185033-00185185 will be a whole lot of C of T no just
_p5RyBGqHKA-00514-00185186-00185477 zero just integrating with last one
_p5RyBGqHKA-00515-00185478-00186893 still works out this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00516-00186894-00187394 okay so we cut your tea is due to DM DT
_p5RyBGqHKA-00517-00187395-00187679 times 1 over n nodes but from this
_p5RyBGqHKA-00518-00187680-00188789 equation up here equation market Scott
_p5RyBGqHKA-00519-00188790-00189053 we can also find what the enmity is
_p5RyBGqHKA-00520-00189054-00189533 beginning the N by DT is equal to C T
_p5RyBGqHKA-00521-00189534-00190292 times so i can substitute another two
_p5RyBGqHKA-00522-00190293-00190529 portions now i simplify to what your
_p5RyBGqHKA-00523-00190530-00191132 tears so y of t is 1 over n nodes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00524-00191133-00191659 multiplied again by the LDL / dt is CT
_p5RyBGqHKA-00525-00191660-00192095 times Q and endured is this expression
_p5RyBGqHKA-00526-00192096-00192254 over here the integral from 0 to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00527-00192255-00193766 infinity
_p5RyBGqHKA-00528-00193767-00194002 but actually going into quite a bit more
_p5RyBGqHKA-00529-00194003-00194236 detail info as photo/john solve a lot of
_p5RyBGqHKA-00530-00194237-00194452 these steps as soon as you can figure it
_p5RyBGqHKA-00531-00194453-00194815 out but is it son it's helpful to see
_p5RyBGqHKA-00532-00194816-00195814 where the steps come from each other and
_p5RyBGqHKA-00533-00195815-00196237 then we end up by saying knows those
_p5RyBGqHKA-00534-00196238-00196591 tracer studies so when we're doing these
_p5RyBGqHKA-00535-00196592-00196807 traces that is one thing we do aim for
_p5RyBGqHKA-00536-00196808-00197020 is to maintain up to lower it constant
_p5RyBGqHKA-00537-00197021-00197625 put more Tracy studies we maintain q
_p5RyBGqHKA-00538-00197626-00198226 constant and that gets us that at some
_p5RyBGqHKA-00539-00198227-00198574 simplification and your team that curve
_p5RyBGqHKA-00540-00198575-00198739 you see a residence time distribution
_p5RyBGqHKA-00541-00198740-00199492 functions equal to C of T over anyway
_p5RyBGqHKA-00542-00199493-00200612 co t is equal to zero to infinity
_p5RyBGqHKA-00543-00200613-00200922 so this is actually quite in quite a
_p5RyBGqHKA-00544-00200923-00201168 great simplification and easy to
_p5RyBGqHKA-00545-00201169-00201395 determine whether that invites me sizes
_p5RyBGqHKA-00546-00201396-00201635 and sir what the numerator denominator
_p5RyBGqHKA-00547-00201636-00202095 will go through this is mom's possum
_pHsK25H6Y8-00000-00000032-00000388 check this out
_O11coH60KM-00000-00000125-00000467 alright so some acknowledgments here and
_O11coH60KM-00001-00000468-00000659 just a diligent conflicts of interest to
_O11coH60KM-00002-00000660-00000808 whatnot but whenever I work with
_O11coH60KM-00003-00000809-00000986 companies donate one hundred percent of
_O11coH60KM-00004-00000986-00001237 the fees to either MSF for Habitat for
_O11coH60KM-00005-00001238-00001553 Humanity we just talked about a little
_O11coH60KM-00006-00001554-00001793 bit about access and innovation but for
_O11coH60KM-00007-00001794-00002000 antibiotics there's a third element that
_O11coH60KM-00008-00002001-00002251 you have to think about which is the the
_O11coH60KM-00009-00002252-00002447 issue of resistance and sustainable use
_O11coH60KM-00010-00002448-00002690 and so the first thing to realize is
_O11coH60KM-00011-00002691-00002926 that you know for the around the world
_O11coH60KM-00012-00002927-00003107 we have hundreds of thousands of people
_O11coH60KM-00013-00003108-00003419 who are dying today who lack access not
_O11coH60KM-00014-00003420-00003578 to a new antibiotic we have an invented
_O11coH60KM-00015-00003579-00003770 yet but to an antibiotic which would
_O11coH60KM-00016-00003771-00003884 save their life and is available
_O11coH60KM-00017-00003885-00004166 generically without patent protection so
_O11coH60KM-00018-00004167-00004354 we have an access problem that's immense
_O11coH60KM-00019-00004355-00004592 for antibiotics in the world right now
_O11coH60KM-00020-00004593-00004856 we also have a sustainable use problem
_O11coH60KM-00021-00004857-00005152 you know we have you know we're wasting
_O11coH60KM-00022-00005153-00005309 these drugs through inappropriate
_O11coH60KM-00023-00005310-00005561 utilization not only in humans you know
_O11coH60KM-00024-00005562-00005804 the in the United States an estimate of
_O11coH60KM-00025-00005805-00006029 fifty to sixty percent of outpatient and
_O11coH60KM-00026-00006030-00006263 in a smaller percentage of inpatient
_O11coH60KM-00027-00006264-00006484 antibiotics are not used inappropriate
_O11coH60KM-00028-00006486-00006725 medically appropriate ways but also
_O11coH60KM-00029-00006726-00006881 we're feeding these antibiotics to
_O11coH60KM-00030-00006881-00007094 animals and using an agriculture in ways
_O11coH60KM-00031-00007095-00007360 that clearly are wasteful if we were to
_O11coH60KM-00032-00007361-00007528 value this is the global resource that
_O11coH60KM-00033-00007529-00007748 it really is and simultaneously we have
_O11coH60KM-00034-00007748-00007964 an innovation problem and the difficulty
_O11coH60KM-00035-00007965-00008180 here is that in order to do anything
_O11coH60KM-00036-00008181-00008374 effective in this area you have to do
_O11coH60KM-00037-00008375-00008513 all three of these things simultaneously
_O11coH60KM-00038-00008514-00008795 it does not work to address just
_O11coH60KM-00039-00008796-00009064 innovation or just access or just
_O11coH60KM-00040-00009065-00009377 sustainable use if we talk about access
_O11coH60KM-00041-00009378-00009646 alone if we just flooded the world with
_O11coH60KM-00042-00009647-00009866 with inexpensive antibiotics yes that
_O11coH60KM-00043-00009867-00010052 would solve the access problem it would
_O11coH60KM-00044-00010053-00010298 it would totally destroy us for on
_O11coH60KM-00045-00010299-00010499 resistance but also undermine innovation
_O11coH60KM-00046-00010500-00010642 because we'd be giving the drugs away
_O11coH60KM-00047-00010643-00010883 for a little and if we have a great
_O11coH60KM-00048-00010884-00011131 sustainable use policy if we constrain
_O11coH60KM-00049-00011132-00011356 the unnecessary you know use of
_O11coH60KM-00050-00011357-00011570 antibiotics yes that preserves them for
_O11coH60KM-00051-00011571-00011770 future generations it also undermines
_O11coH60KM-00052-00011771-00012023 our access initiatives around the planet
_O11coH60KM-00053-00012024-00012260 and can put barriers between people and
_O11coH60KM-00054-00012261-00012485 in the actual need of for antibiotics
_O11coH60KM-00055-00012486-00012710 and with innovation if all we do is fix
_O11coH60KM-00056-00012711-00012905 innovation and we haven't done anything
_O11coH60KM-00057-00012906-00013157 of these other issues then we've created
_O11coH60KM-00058-00013158-00013247 yet
_O11coH60KM-00059-00013247-00013454 their system in which the wealthy and
_O11coH60KM-00060-00013455-00013666 the elite have access to a drug that
_O11coH60KM-00061-00013668-00013819 were denying to the rest of the planet
_O11coH60KM-00062-00013820-00014113 so uniquely in this area all three of
_O11coH60KM-00063-00014115-00014236 these things have to be solved
_O11coH60KM-00064-00014237-00014522 simultaneously about a decade ago I was
_O11coH60KM-00065-00014522-00014764 working more in drug research and
_O11coH60KM-00066-00014765-00014933 general i pivoted towards antibiotics
_O11coH60KM-00067-00014934-00015155 because of the extra element of the
_O11coH60KM-00068-00015156-00015305 difficulty here so I want to talk about
_O11coH60KM-00069-00015306-00015515 some of the incentives and some of the
_O11coH60KM-00070-00015516-00015661 things that that are being looked at
_O11coH60KM-00071-00015662-00015815 around the world to try to solve this
_O11coH60KM-00072-00015816-00016078 problem so this is a paper from Chatham
_O11coH60KM-00073-00016079-00016294 House the same approach is going to come
_O11coH60KM-00074-00016295-00016531 out of the drive a B we presented this
_O11coH60KM-00075-00016532-00016769 data last week in Amsterdam the week
_O11coH60KM-00076-00016770-00017044 before now and to think about the
_O11coH60KM-00077-00017045-00017288 different phases of research and the
_O11coH60KM-00078-00017289-00017417 different results of different
_O11coH60KM-00079-00017418-00017615 incentives that you would use so for
_O11coH60KM-00080-00017616-00017797 early you know I think several people
_O11coH60KM-00081-00017798-00017983 have said it you know obviously research
_O11coH60KM-00082-00017984-00018188 grants and additional funds in this area
_O11coH60KM-00083-00018189-00018443 yeah even the US Senate agreed to two
_O11coH60KM-00084-00018444-00018643 extra billion dollars in the NIH budget
_O11coH60KM-00085-00018644-00018815 appropriation that they came through
_O11coH60KM-00086-00018816-00019100 last week so there's a there's some
_O11coH60KM-00087-00019101-00019325 consensus even bipartisan consensus on
_O11coH60KM-00088-00019326-00019565 this first kind of red area on the
_O11coH60KM-00089-00019566-00019753 orange area you know the in the clinical
_O11coH60KM-00090-00019754-00019928 trials you know several people have
_O11coH60KM-00091-00019929-00020140 talked about well possibly an expansion
_O11coH60KM-00092-00020141-00020425 of tax credits so Mayock endorphin drug
_O11coH60KM-00093-00020426-00020708 but focused on qualified specific
_O11coH60KM-00094-00020709-00020875 antimicrobial research and development
_O11coH60KM-00095-00020876-00021158 also the PPP's the public-private
_O11coH60KM-00096-00021159-00021394 partnerships not only the ones in Geneva
_O11coH60KM-00097-00021395-00021622 but also think of what Barda is doing in
_O11coH60KM-00098-00021623-00021803 what Bart is about to do with the bart
_O11coH60KM-00099-00021804-00022030 accelerator the standards for those are
_O11coH60KM-00100-00022031-00022225 more narrow worry you want to focus the
_O11coH60KM-00101-00022226-00022496 research not just on anything but you
_O11coH60KM-00102-00022497-00022667 know by some sort of a triage process
_O11coH60KM-00103-00022668-00022900 and the threat assessment is referring
_O11coH60KM-00104-00022901-00023222 to the 2013 CDC threat assessment which
_O11coH60KM-00105-00023223-00023465 which triage antimicrobial threats for
_O11coH60KM-00106-00023466-00023647 the US and then finally at the bottom
_O11coH60KM-00107-00023648-00023869 the green bit is that the more novel bit
_O11coH60KM-00108-00023870-00024103 you know post registration what do you
_O11coH60KM-00109-00024104-00024353 do to change the market after the FDA
_O11coH60KM-00110-00024354-00024547 the EMA has approved the antibiotic and
_O11coH60KM-00111-00024548-00024815 we called you know these incentives
_O11coH60KM-00112-00024816-00025012 generally de linkage trying something
_O11coH60KM-00113-00025013-00025225 gets entirely different than just paying
_O11coH60KM-00114-00025226-00025571 based on volume times price because the
_O11coH60KM-00115-00025572-00025706 last thing we want to do with
_O11coH60KM-00116-00025707-00025875 antibiotics is to give a volume-based
_O11coH60KM-00117-00025876-00026102 incentive again because they're trying
_O11coH60KM-00118-00026102-00026279 to simultaneously do three things you
_O11coH60KM-00119-00026280-00026521 know innovation access and sustainable
_O11coH60KM-00120-00026522-00026597 use
_O11coH60KM-00121-00026598-00026945 the de linkage model that that that I'm
_O11coH60KM-00122-00026947-00027102 associated with this is a paper with
_O11coH60KM-00123-00027102-00027261 John Rex myself and Lancet Infectious
_O11coH60KM-00124-00027262-00027702 Diseases from two months ago and this is
_O11coH60KM-00125-00027702-00028005 calling for basically a global prize and
_O11coH60KM-00126-00028006-00028194 the first person that I ever read that
_O11coH60KM-00127-00028195-00028362 talked about let's transform for
_O11coH60KM-00128-00028363-00028608 antibiotics from a patent based system
_O11coH60KM-00129-00028608-00028797 to a price based system I think it's
_O11coH60KM-00130-00028798-00029118 Jamie's article in 2002 or 2003 a short
_O11coH60KM-00131-00029119-00029367 article but a good one and so here we're
_O11coH60KM-00132-00029368-00029583 trying to lay out you know exactly what
_O11coH60KM-00133-00029583-00029748 that would look like and trying to start
_O11coH60KM-00134-00029749-00029961 the discussion and it's it's a it's a
_O11coH60KM-00135-00029962-00030126 large dollar amount you have to put real
_O11coH60KM-00136-00030127-00030357 money on the table but this is not an
_O11coH60KM-00137-00030358-00030600 idea that's just an academic pie in the
_O11coH60KM-00138-00030601-00030801 sky John Rex's head of anti-infectives
_O11coH60KM-00139-00030802-00031122 for AstraZeneca and this is actually the
_O11coH60KM-00140-00031123-00031293 type of thing that was being discussed
_O11coH60KM-00141-00031294-00031577 and approved by the various companies at
_O11coH60KM-00142-00031579-00031800 the davos declaration it's also one of
_O11coH60KM-00143-00031801-00031964 the four models that drive a B is
_O11coH60KM-00144-00031966-00032199 bringing forward so the idea would be
_O11coH60KM-00145-00032200-00032408 simply to have a price based approach
_O11coH60KM-00146-00032410-00032607 that's modulated based on the type of
_O11coH60KM-00147-00032608-00032886 molecule not every antibiotic is equally
_O11coH60KM-00148-00032887-00033138 good but if you brought a novel
_O11coH60KM-00149-00033139-00033318 first-in-class grant you know and
_O11coH60KM-00150-00033319-00033483 molecule that was good against
_O11coH60KM-00151-00033484-00033675 gram-negative pathogens what's that
_O11coH60KM-00152-00033676-00033888 worth to the global system it's worth a
_O11coH60KM-00153-00033889-00034107 couple billion dollars and because we
_O11coH60KM-00154-00034108-00034293 don't want that company to bring it to
_O11coH60KM-00155-00034294-00034440 market and to feel like they have to
_O11coH60KM-00156-00034441-00034758 sell it in order to cover rd that's the
_O11coH60KM-00157-00034759-00034938 sort of molecule actually don't want to
_O11coH60KM-00158-00034939-00035112 sell you want to sell as little as
_O11coH60KM-00159-00035113-00035331 possible of it for as long as you can
_O11coH60KM-00160-00035332-00035565 hold out so these are the antibiotics
_O11coH60KM-00161-00035566-00035790 that have come to the markets in the
_O11coH60KM-00162-00035791-00036189 past five years the past seven years I
_O11coH60KM-00163-00036190-00036447 guess at this point we have eight new
_O11coH60KM-00164-00036448-00036636 molecular entity antibiotics approved by
_O11coH60KM-00165-00036637-00036930 the FDA in the recent years we actually
_O11coH60KM-00166-00036931-00037242 have you know this is a work that we
_O11coH60KM-00167-00037243-00037371 recently published in the annals of
_O11coH60KM-00168-00037372-00037533 internal medicine it says online first
_O11coH60KM-00169-00037534-00037785 it was published now two weeks ago of
_O11coH60KM-00170-00037786-00037965 two things to note first of all is we
_O11coH60KM-00171-00037966-00038175 have a lot of antibiotics so when you
_O11coH60KM-00172-00038176-00038328 hear stories of there are no antibiotics
_O11coH60KM-00173-00038329-00038457 they're actually we have a lot of
_O11coH60KM-00174-00038458-00038577 antibiotics that are coming to the
_O11coH60KM-00175-00038578-00038787 market the second thing to note you
_O11coH60KM-00176-00038788-00038928 can't see it it's hard to read on the
_O11coH60KM-00177-00038929-00039162 slide is almost all of this innovation
_O11coH60KM-00178-00039163-00039402 with the with the exception of Bataclan
_O11coH60KM-00179-00039403-00039623 was occurring in small medium companies
_O11coH60KM-00180-00039624-00039867 eventually they found the way into large
_O11coH60KM-00181-00039868-00039903 cup
_O11coH60KM-00182-00039904-00040059 but a lot of the innovations happening
_O11coH60KM-00183-00040060-00040302 small companies the two things we need
_O11coH60KM-00184-00040303-00040545 to focus our efforts so that we get the
_O11coH60KM-00185-00040546-00040779 type of drugs we want and secondly
_O11coH60KM-00186-00040780-00040977 whatever we do needs to be something
_O11coH60KM-00187-00040978-00041178 that a small company can respond to
_O11coH60KM-00188-00041179-00041286 because they are the ones who are
_O11coH60KM-00189-00041287-00041472 actually carrying out the early stage
_O11coH60KM-00190-00041473-00041814 work so this is a chart that from
_O11coH60KM-00191-00041815-00042012 earlier research that my group did but
_O11coH60KM-00192-00042013-00042297 if you look at the blue 2923 9 that's
_O11coH60KM-00193-00042298-00042474 how it's traditionally given to people
_O11coH60KM-00194-00042475-00042681 look antibiotics are falling off the
_O11coH60KM-00195-00042682-00042936 cliff by the next decade will have none
_O11coH60KM-00196-00042937-00043065 whatsoever these are new molecular
_O11coH60KM-00197-00043066-00043326 energy approvals in the US and so we
_O11coH60KM-00198-00043327-00043488 went back and looked at this data and we
_O11coH60KM-00199-00043489-00043632 broaden the category two other
_O11coH60KM-00200-00043633-00043839 anti-infectives and the red or
_O11coH60KM-00201-00043840-00044040 antivirals and antiretrovirals in the
_O11coH60KM-00202-00044041-00044274 green or antifungals so what happened in
_O11coH60KM-00203-00044275-00044526 the 1990s it was not that the companies
_O11coH60KM-00204-00044527-00044799 fled anti-infectives is that they
_O11coH60KM-00205-00044800-00045078 switched to antivirals they and they
_O11coH60KM-00206-00045079-00045321 responded to the immense public health
_O11coH60KM-00207-00045322-00045573 need and also to the public pressure to
_O11coH60KM-00208-00045574-00045774 do something in this area so in my mind
_O11coH60KM-00209-00045775-00046145 this is not an AAS a disaster story for
_O11coH60KM-00210-00046146-00046419 antibacterials this shows that public
_O11coH60KM-00211-00046420-00046707 engagement and the recognition of public
_O11coH60KM-00212-00046708-00046869 health actually shifts the way the
_O11coH60KM-00213-00046870-00047055 pharmaceutical innovation occurs which
_O11coH60KM-00214-00047056-00047298 is a good story the second thing we do
_O11coH60KM-00215-00047299-00047469 with this data is that we recognize that
_O11coH60KM-00216-00047470-00047646 many of these antibiotics that were
_O11coH60KM-00217-00047647-00047844 proved that 29 approved in the 80s
_O11coH60KM-00218-00047845-00048117 weren't actually very good and just
_O11coH60KM-00219-00048118-00048333 counting noses of antibiotics is a
_O11coH60KM-00220-00048334-00048546 pretty inaccurate way to figure out the
_O11coH60KM-00221-00048547-00048765 quality of them and so one back and look
_O11coH60KM-00222-00048766-00048885 at the antibiotics that have been
_O11coH60KM-00223-00048886-00049014 withdrawn from the market either
_O11coH60KM-00224-00049015-00049248 officially under FDA requirements or
_O11coH60KM-00225-00049249-00049401 because the companies found them to be
_O11coH60KM-00226-00049402-00049647 commercially not a worthwhile drug and
_O11coH60KM-00227-00049648-00049821 they just voluntarily withdrew them from
_O11coH60KM-00228-00049822-00050070 the market when you back those out you
_O11coH60KM-00229-00050071-00050282 get this which is a much different
_O11coH60KM-00230-00050283-00050538 innovation picture in other words that
_O11coH60KM-00231-00050539-00050874 1980s were not the success story of an
_O11coH60KM-00232-00050875-00051084 amazing moment of antibiotic innovation
_O11coH60KM-00233-00051085-00051285 that were actually quite a few drugs
_O11coH60KM-00234-00051286-00051471 that later turned out to be fluff or
_O11coH60KM-00235-00051472-00051846 worse okay and you see the actual
_O11coH60KM-00236-00051847-00052028 increase in the innovation of the sector
_O11coH60KM-00237-00052029-00052254 particularly because of the shift of
_O11coH60KM-00238-00052254-00052461 emphasis to antivirals and it to
_O11coH60KM-00239-00052462-00052785 retrovirus okay there's a lot of things
_O11coH60KM-00240-00052786-00052916 going on in the world right now with
_O11coH60KM-00241-00052917-00053134 antibiotics there was almost nothing
_O11coH60KM-00242-00053135-00053344 going on 12 years ago when I started in
_O11coH60KM-00243-00053345-00053505 this area I have nothing to do with that
_O11coH60KM-00244-00053507-00053800 okay people like Dame Sally Davies and
_O11coH60KM-00245-00053801-00053998 and and the occasional outbreak of
_O11coH60KM-00246-00053999-00054127 things that's what's driving the
_O11coH60KM-00247-00054128-00054370 political engagement but for those of us
_O11coH60KM-00248-00054371-00054480 have worked in this area it's
_O11coH60KM-00249-00054482-00054688 interesting to see it as our research is
_O11coH60KM-00250-00054689-00054930 being consumed up the political chain in
_O11coH60KM-00251-00054932-00055225 how it gets changed so far nothing I've
_O11coH60KM-00252-00055226-00055402 ever written has been quoted or used by
_O11coH60KM-00253-00055403-00055566 Donald Trump but I'm waiting for the
_O11coH60KM-00254-00055567-00055720 moment to see how it comes out of that
_O11coH60KM-00255-00055721-00056014 machine at the end of the day but these
_O11coH60KM-00256-00056015-00056154 are the things that are going on you
_O11coH60KM-00257-00056155-00056320 know recently and actually could add to
_O11coH60KM-00258-00056321-00056580 them you know the O'Neill Commission
_O11coH60KM-00259-00056582-00056788 report the final reports are out the
_O11coH60KM-00260-00056789-00056935 English government is strongly
_O11coH60KM-00261-00056936-00057139 supporting you know an antibiotic the
_O11coH60KM-00262-00057140-00057346 linkage sort of mechanism drive a B
_O11coH60KM-00263-00057347-00057579 which is a you funded research project
_O11coH60KM-00264-00057580-00057802 that that I've worked on with dozens of
_O11coH60KM-00265-00057803-00058021 other people also one of our major
_O11coH60KM-00266-00058022-00058333 results is going to be the linkage from
_O11coH60KM-00267-00058334-00058600 you know you know mechanism and so you
_O11coH60KM-00268-00058601-00058804 have things going around both sides of
_O11coH60KM-00269-00058804-00058992 the Atlantic as well as a lot of
_O11coH60KM-00270-00058994-00059194 coordination you know was it was a there
_O11coH60KM-00271-00059195-00059344 was a joint declaration coming out of
_O11coH60KM-00272-00059345-00059665 the German g7 is it's on the agenda for
_O11coH60KM-00273-00059666-00059884 Japan for g7 it's on the agenda for
_O11coH60KM-00274-00059885-00060160 China who heads up g20 it's obviously
_O11coH60KM-00275-00060161-00060328 all over wh 0 and you in general
_O11coH60KM-00276-00060329-00060585 assembly in the next couple of years and
_O11coH60KM-00277-00060586-00060895 this is a slide that we gave an
_O11coH60KM-00278-00060896-00061075 Amsterdam and I think it's my last slide
_O11coH60KM-00279-00061076-00061360 but this is really the consensus views
_O11coH60KM-00280-00061361-00061516 that are emerging from all of these
_O11coH60KM-00281-00061516-00061767 different streams that we need both push
_O11coH60KM-00282-00061769-00061960 and pull so you know the idea that we
_O11coH60KM-00283-00061961-00062166 are going to increase tax credits we're
_O11coH60KM-00284-00062167-00062299 going to think about additional grants
_O11coH60KM-00285-00062300-00062536 at the NIH style but there needs to be
_O11coH60KM-00286-00062537-00062857 something that that that incentivizes
_O11coH60KM-00287-00062858-00063019 the companies to do the right thing
_O11coH60KM-00288-00063020-00063262 after registration and that something
_O11coH60KM-00289-00063263-00063480 cannot be the oncology model we don't
_O11coH60KM-00290-00063482-00063784 want $100,000 antibiotics because of
_O11coH60KM-00291-00063785-00064036 access because it's sustainable use it
_O11coH60KM-00292-00064037-00064270 needs to be something different and and
_O11coH60KM-00293-00064271-00064462 the different mechanism because this is
_O11coH60KM-00294-00064463-00064669 a relatively small market the global
_O11coH60KM-00295-00064670-00064903 market for patented antibiotics about
_O11coH60KM-00296-00064904-00065125 four billion dollars the total global
_O11coH60KM-00297-00065126-00065316 market for antibiotics in total perhaps
_O11coH60KM-00298-00065317-00065626 forty billion dollars so a buyout prize
_O11coH60KM-00299-00065627-00065860 in this area is actually within the
_O11coH60KM-00300-00065861-00066121 system of the reach of the United States
_O11coH60KM-00301-00066122-00066392 and Europe working together de linkage a
_O11coH60KM-00302-00066393-00066641 key component we do not want to
_O11coH60KM-00303-00066642-00066929 reimburse for our d cost based on volume
_O11coH60KM-00304-00066930-00067201 okay that might work for everything else
_O11coH60KM-00305-00067202-00067382 in the drug system it does not work
_O11coH60KM-00306-00067383-00067511 because the resistance for
_O11coH60KM-00307-00067512-00067807 antibacterials and in other drugs to
_O11coH60KM-00308-00067808-00068111 which resistance is transmissible you
_O11coH60KM-00309-00068112-00068348 can't have access and sustainable use is
_O11coH60KM-00310-00068349-00068654 just tack on ideas think of the tripod
_O11coH60KM-00311-00068655-00068788 if there's only one thing you go away
_O11coH60KM-00312-00068789-00069047 with we have to build into the system
_O11coH60KM-00313-00069048-00069287 all three things simultaneously if it's
_O11coH60KM-00314-00069288-00069518 just as secondary thought we're going to
_O11coH60KM-00315-00069519-00069767 do innovation and then later maybe think
_O11coH60KM-00316-00069768-00069893 about access and maybe think about
_O11coH60KM-00317-00069894-00070118 sustainable use we will have failed and
_O11coH60KM-00318-00070119-00070288 those drugs would be wasted and those
_O11coH60KM-00319-00070289-00070472 drugs won't get to the right people we
_O11coH60KM-00320-00070473-00070807 have to do this simultaneously and try
_O11coH60KM-00321-00070808-00071000 to do all things together and that
_O11coH60KM-00322-00071001-00071186 obviously a national solution is
_O11coH60KM-00323-00071187-00071429 inadequate the MCR gene that showed up
_O11coH60KM-00324-00071430-00071717 in Pennsylvania and the intestine of the
_O11coH60KM-00325-00071718-00071981 woman you know game from probably from
_O11coH60KM-00326-00071982-00072221 animals from pigs are being fed kalestin
_O11coH60KM-00327-00072222-00072532 in China through a complex chain that we
_O11coH60KM-00328-00072533-00072680 can't hardly understand at this point
_O11coH60KM-00329-00072681-00072929 these are global diseases it's a global
_O11coH60KM-00330-00072930-00073136 effect what we're creating here are
_O11coH60KM-00331-00073137-00073369 global public goods and so we need to
_O11coH60KM-00332-00073370-00073607 have global coordination and financing
_O11coH60KM-00333-00073608-00073967 and did I beat 12 minutes and i'm going
_O11coH60KM-00334-00073968-00074375 to give 54 seconds to somebody else
_PJJ0CieAHA-00000-00000004-00000227 [Music]
_PJJ0CieAHA-00001-00000228-00000395 foreign
_PJJ0CieAHA-00002-00000396-00003269 [Music]
_PJJ0CieAHA-00003-00003270-00003528 foreign
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_PJJ0CieAHA-00005-00006366-00006694 foreign
_PJJ0CieAHA-00006-00006695-00009671 [Music]
_PJJ0CieAHA-00007-00009672-00009936 foreign
_PJJ0CieAHA-00009-00013223-00013297 foreign
_PJJ0CieAHA-00010-00013299-00016253 [Music]
_PJJ0CieAHA-00011-00016254-00016591 foreign
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_ShSVvnEodQ-00000-00000029-00000721 foreign
_ShSVvnEodQ-00001-00000722-00003701 [Music]
_ShSVvnEodQ-00002-00003702-00004104 foreign
_ShSVvnEodQ-00004-00009374-00009814 thank you
_ShSVvnEodQ-00005-00009815-00011317 [Music]
_ShSVvnEodQ-00006-00011318-00011551 [Music]
_ShSVvnEodQ-00007-00011552-00011736 thank you
_ShSVvnEodQ-00008-00011737-00013703 [Music]
_ShSVvnEodQ-00009-00013704-00013985 foreign
_ShSVvnEodQ-00010-00013986-00016286 [Music]
_THQZAwAYOc-00000-00000048-00000447 and roth and his lux brush in the lead
_THQZAwAYOc-00001-00000448-00000615 yeah because ember's staying home
_THQZAwAYOc-00002-00000616-00001039 playing bravely defaults
_THQZAwAYOc-00003-00001040-00001223 okay ready
_THQZAwAYOc-00004-00001224-00001399 ready
_THQZAwAYOc-00005-00001400-00001647 hello i am lux brush and this is ember
_THQZAwAYOc-00006-00001648-00001863 and this is our thoughts on my little
_THQZAwAYOc-00007-00001864-00002159 pony friendship is magic season 4
_THQZAwAYOc-00008-00002160-00002334 episode 17
_THQZAwAYOc-00009-00002335-00002542 somepony to watch over me
_THQZAwAYOc-00010-00002543-00002702 i like the way they set up the tension
_THQZAwAYOc-00011-00002703-00002958 in the first scene ah well they're all
_THQZAwAYOc-00012-00002959-00003134 waiting outside going no matter what
_THQZAwAYOc-00013-00003135-00003335 we'll be there for you
_THQZAwAYOc-00014-00003336-00003486 even though this could change your life
_THQZAwAYOc-00015-00003488-00003703 forever irrevocably
_THQZAwAYOc-00016-00003704-00003903 even though you knew it wasn't going to
_THQZAwAYOc-00017-00003904-00004206 be anything too serious it's just like
_THQZAwAYOc-00018-00004207-00004351 ooh they do such a good job of building
_THQZAwAYOc-00019-00004352-00004511 up the tension
_THQZAwAYOc-00020-00004512-00004791 also that little moment of apple bloom's
_THQZAwAYOc-00021-00004792-00005047 eyes like come on come on looking back
_THQZAwAYOc-00022-00005048-00005415 and forth it really shows her
_THQZAwAYOc-00023-00005416-00005591 this scene really shows the characters
_THQZAwAYOc-00024-00005592-00005854 growing up because they're deciding
_THQZAwAYOc-00025-00005855-00006006 well i should say it shows that apple
_THQZAwAYOc-00026-00006007-00006143 bloom has grown up a little bit because
_THQZAwAYOc-00027-00006144-00006270 they're deciding whether or not to leave
_THQZAwAYOc-00028-00006271-00006598 her at home alone for a period of time
_THQZAwAYOc-00029-00006600-00007014 which is a huge step in responsibility
_THQZAwAYOc-00030-00007015-00007110 i mean
_THQZAwAYOc-00031-00007111-00007391 it's its own rite of passage to be able
_THQZAwAYOc-00032-00007392-00007655 to stay home alone while your parents
_THQZAwAYOc-00033-00007656-00007919 family whomever is out
_THQZAwAYOc-00034-00007920-00008134 and they haven't called a babysitter
_THQZAwAYOc-00035-00008136-00008327 or in this case full sitter
_THQZAwAYOc-00036-00008328-00008591 also i guess there's a light around that
_THQZAwAYOc-00037-00008592-00008799 corner to get those shadows though
_THQZAwAYOc-00038-00008800-00008942 seriously
_THQZAwAYOc-00039-00008943-00009159 i like the fact that the apple loom and
_THQZAwAYOc-00040-00009160-00009342 them act all grown up like thank you we
_THQZAwAYOc-00041-00009343-00009527 appreciate your decision and they walk
_THQZAwAYOc-00042-00009528-00009671 off and they wait till they think
_THQZAwAYOc-00043-00009672-00010110 they're out of sight then oh my god yes
_THQZAwAYOc-00044-00010111-00010271 that was nice
_THQZAwAYOc-00045-00010272-00010527 i like the way the adults just exchanged
_THQZAwAYOc-00046-00010528-00010695 looks and smiled
_THQZAwAYOc-00047-00010696-00010846 and at least this is an episode with
_THQZAwAYOc-00048-00010847-00011023 apple checking it where she's not being
_THQZAwAYOc-00049-00011024-00011278 stubborn just overly protective
_THQZAwAYOc-00050-00011279-00011551 i was still going to call it stubborn
_THQZAwAYOc-00051-00011552-00011774 i know it's overprotective but she's
_THQZAwAYOc-00052-00011775-00011999 stubbornly refusing to see that apple
_THQZAwAYOc-00053-00012000-00012246 bloom can take care of herself and she's
_THQZAwAYOc-00054-00012247-00012470 stubbornly refusing to give applebloom
_THQZAwAYOc-00055-00012471-00012614 that chance
_THQZAwAYOc-00056-00012615-00012871 yeah i know you could read it that way
_THQZAwAYOc-00057-00012872-00012958 but
_THQZAwAYOc-00058-00012959-00013127 i don't think it was intended that way i
_THQZAwAYOc-00059-00013128-00013271 think was more intent of her just being
_THQZAwAYOc-00060-00013272-00013551 overly protective no the the intent was
_THQZAwAYOc-00061-00013552-00013727 overly protective
_THQZAwAYOc-00062-00013728-00014007 but it's very easy to spin it as oh
_THQZAwAYOc-00063-00014008-00014343 applejack's being stubborn again the
_THQZAwAYOc-00064-00014344-00014551 intent wasn't that way this time other
_THQZAwAYOc-00065-00014552-00014719 times it's mostly like that but this
_THQZAwAYOc-00066-00014719-00014886 time no they were trying to make her
_THQZAwAYOc-00067-00014887-00014999 seem overly
_THQZAwAYOc-00068-00015000-00015127 protective
_THQZAwAYOc-00069-00015128-00015335 and for some reason as she was doing
_THQZAwAYOc-00070-00015336-00015503 this stuff all i kept thinking is
_THQZAwAYOc-00071-00015504-00015711 this is how i see twilight would handle
_THQZAwAYOc-00072-00015712-00015975 this situation oh you mean the constant
_THQZAwAYOc-00073-00015976-00016191 checking constant checking and being
_THQZAwAYOc-00074-00016191-00016399 it's like she was really freaked out
_THQZAwAYOc-00075-00016400-00016535 about the situation to the point where
_THQZAwAYOc-00076-00016536-00016775 she wasn't acting like herself at all it
_THQZAwAYOc-00077-00016776-00016983 was like overly cautious i must protect
_THQZAwAYOc-00078-00016984-00017230 everything i must protect everything
_THQZAwAYOc-00079-00017231-00017407 apple blue must not get hurt by the
_THQZAwAYOc-00080-00017408-00017607 smallest thing you do know how to open a
_THQZAwAYOc-00081-00017608-00017855 drawer oh no of course you don't
_THQZAwAYOc-00082-00017856-00018167 first you open the drawer
_THQZAwAYOc-00083-00018168-00018391 and then you take out a spoon not a fork
_THQZAwAYOc-00084-00018392-00018622 because a fork is sharp and pointy i
_THQZAwAYOc-00085-00018623-00018791 also first thought this episode was
_THQZAwAYOc-00086-00018792-00018975 going to be about apple bloom learning
_THQZAwAYOc-00087-00018976-00019135 to be responsible
_THQZAwAYOc-00088-00019136-00019350 but it turned out to be more about
_THQZAwAYOc-00089-00019351-00019630 applejack learning that your sister is
_THQZAwAYOc-00090-00019631-00019839 growing up and that she can take care of
_THQZAwAYOc-00091-00019840-00020027 herself and the
_THQZAwAYOc-00092-00020028-00020247 overprotectiveness the level that we see
_THQZAwAYOc-00093-00020248-00020391 in this episode
_THQZAwAYOc-00094-00020392-00020671 has been done in other series
_THQZAwAYOc-00095-00020672-00020871 it usually occurs after the character
_THQZAwAYOc-00096-00020872-00021127 who is being protected
_THQZAwAYOc-00097-00021128-00021350 has what the
_THQZAwAYOc-00098-00021351-00021558 protective character considers a very
_THQZAwAYOc-00099-00021559-00021694 near miss
_THQZAwAYOc-00100-00021695-00022014 to totally destroy my cr street cred in
_THQZAwAYOc-00101-00022015-00022350 an episode of jane and the dragon
_THQZAwAYOc-00102-00022351-00022583 jane is riding the dragon who does a
_THQZAwAYOc-00103-00022584-00022830 somersault while she's riding him so she
_THQZAwAYOc-00104-00022831-00023150 falls off and he catches her and after
_THQZAwAYOc-00105-00023151-00023399 that near miss totally freaks out and
_THQZAwAYOc-00106-00023400-00023575 watches over her in an extremely
_THQZAwAYOc-00107-00023576-00023758 overprotective manner
_THQZAwAYOc-00108-00023759-00024022 and applejack had that same level of
_THQZAwAYOc-00109-00024023-00024158 intensity
_THQZAwAYOc-00110-00024159-00024255 but
_THQZAwAYOc-00111-00024256-00024463 the amount of
_THQZAwAYOc-00112-00024464-00024814 trouble that apple bloom got into i used
_THQZAwAYOc-00113-00024815-00025071 the word trouble very loosely
_THQZAwAYOc-00114-00025072-00025335 was very minor
_THQZAwAYOc-00115-00025336-00025591 contrasted with applejack's reaction and
_THQZAwAYOc-00116-00025592-00025774 it was very cliche at the moment
_THQZAwAYOc-00117-00025775-00025918 applejack arrives and when something
_THQZAwAYOc-00118-00025919-00026078 actually goes wrong
_THQZAwAYOc-00119-00026079-00026231 and it's really not that big of wrong
_THQZAwAYOc-00120-00026232-00026390 and i love how applewood points out that
_THQZAwAYOc-00121-00026391-00026662 you know this is technically your fault
_THQZAwAYOc-00122-00026663-00026911 because if she hadn't startled apple
_THQZAwAYOc-00123-00026912-00027095 bloom apple bloom wouldn't have fallen
_THQZAwAYOc-00124-00027095-00027231 and nothing would have gotten knocked
_THQZAwAYOc-00125-00027232-00027631 over because the house was in perfectly
_THQZAwAYOc-00126-00027632-00027831 fine shape before then
_THQZAwAYOc-00127-00027832-00028135 also during the whole checklist scene i
_THQZAwAYOc-00128-00028136-00028318 love how
_THQZAwAYOc-00129-00028319-00028470 she opens up the closet and shows a
_THQZAwAYOc-00130-00028472-00028735 bunch of hats and ribbons
_THQZAwAYOc-00131-00028736-00028935 which completely destroys a bunch of
_THQZAwAYOc-00132-00028936-00029102 head canons about the fact that
_THQZAwAYOc-00133-00029104-00029383 applejack's hat is special like it was
_THQZAwAYOc-00134-00029383-00029558 an heirloom or something
_THQZAwAYOc-00135-00029560-00029743 nope she's just one of many stetson she
_THQZAwAYOc-00136-00029744-00029870 happens to have she probably goes
_THQZAwAYOc-00137-00029872-00030007 through three or four a week with how
_THQZAwAYOc-00138-00030008-00030190 much work she does
_THQZAwAYOc-00139-00030191-00030479 entirely possible what
_THQZAwAYOc-00140-00030480-00030799 i like is that okay all the hats and
_THQZAwAYOc-00141-00030800-00031062 bows are actually set up like that
_THQZAwAYOc-00142-00031063-00031295 now i actually thought that apple bloom
_THQZAwAYOc-00143-00031295-00031646 took the time to tie a ribbon into a bow
_THQZAwAYOc-00144-00031647-00031767 each day
_THQZAwAYOc-00145-00031768-00032143 not that it was a bow hair clip
_THQZAwAYOc-00146-00032144-00032311 yeah i get to my i'll get to my
_THQZAwAYOc-00147-00032312-00032495 description of that later and there's
_THQZAwAYOc-00148-00032495-00032679 another scene where a small bit of head
_THQZAwAYOc-00149-00032680-00032831 canon might die depending on how you
_THQZAwAYOc-00150-00032832-00033046 interpret the scene the scene where
_THQZAwAYOc-00151-00033047-00033190 apple bloom bucks the tree and some
_THQZAwAYOc-00152-00033191-00033423 apples fall into the net
_THQZAwAYOc-00153-00033424-00033631 most canon says she's not quite old
_THQZAwAYOc-00154-00033632-00033759 enough or has been trained enough to do
_THQZAwAYOc-00155-00033760-00033862 that yet
_THQZAwAYOc-00156-00033863-00034118 well depending on when that head cannon
_THQZAwAYOc-00157-00034119-00034215 first
_THQZAwAYOc-00158-00034216-00034423 originated
_THQZAwAYOc-00159-00034424-00034543 there may have been enough time
_THQZAwAYOc-00160-00034544-00034774 progression for her to actually grow a
_THQZAwAYOc-00161-00034775-00034895 little bit
_THQZAwAYOc-00162-00034896-00035046 because part of the theme of this
_THQZAwAYOc-00163-00035047-00035367 episode is that applebloom is growing up
_THQZAwAYOc-00164-00035368-00035615 i do like how there's a good build up to
_THQZAwAYOc-00165-00035616-00035879 the point where applebloom finally snaps
_THQZAwAYOc-00166-00035880-00036055 and goes okay i need to do something
_THQZAwAYOc-00167-00036056-00036318 drastic here hey wait didn't applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00168-00036319-00036455 say she was going to go on a dangerous
_THQZAwAYOc-00169-00036456-00036743 route yes because the best way to prove
_THQZAwAYOc-00170-00036744-00036951 that you don't need protection is to
_THQZAwAYOc-00171-00036952-00037215 disobey and run off and do something
_THQZAwAYOc-00172-00037216-00037502 that's incredibly dangerous
_THQZAwAYOc-00173-00037503-00037887 applejack almost had the lesson down
_THQZAwAYOc-00174-00037888-00038087 when scootaloo accidentally busted them
_THQZAwAYOc-00175-00038088-00038327 out because she was going oh maybe i
_THQZAwAYOc-00176-00038328-00038527 don't need to be so overprotective you
_THQZAwAYOc-00177-00038528-00038902 know you're here and everything's fine
_THQZAwAYOc-00178-00038903-00039079 except that everything's not fine
_THQZAwAYOc-00179-00039080-00039374 because apple bloom ran off and
_THQZAwAYOc-00180-00039375-00039607 scootaloo just blew our cover
_THQZAwAYOc-00181-00039608-00039767 well sculloo blowing the cover is
_THQZAwAYOc-00182-00039768-00039943 another kind of cliche moment of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00183-00039944-00040102 friend being over excited at something
_THQZAwAYOc-00184-00040103-00040327 and then oops i let the cat out of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00185-00040328-00040639 bag boy is that a big cat also
_THQZAwAYOc-00186-00040640-00040935 apparently hair clip bows are the
_THQZAwAYOc-00187-00040936-00041127 solution to any problem
_THQZAwAYOc-00188-00041128-00041302 you need to run away see i look just
_THQZAwAYOc-00189-00041303-00041495 like you no you don't but i have your
_THQZAwAYOc-00190-00041496-00041751 hair bow on but you don't look like me
_THQZAwAYOc-00191-00041752-00042030 yes i do no you don't
_THQZAwAYOc-00192-00042031-00042423 i guess it's the um superman clark kent
_THQZAwAYOc-00193-00042424-00042574 situation
_THQZAwAYOc-00194-00042575-00042758 glasses on i'm clark kent glasses off
_THQZAwAYOc-00195-00042759-00042935 i'm superman you can't tell the
_THQZAwAYOc-00196-00042936-00043102 difference now can you
_THQZAwAYOc-00197-00043103-00043335 well it's more that the bow is the only
_THQZAwAYOc-00198-00043336-00043630 thing showing above the covers because
_THQZAwAYOc-00199-00043631-00043862 when sweetie belle was first laying down
_THQZAwAYOc-00200-00043863-00043943 and
_THQZAwAYOc-00201-00043944-00044118 she was laying on her back so her horn
_THQZAwAYOc-00202-00044119-00044311 was showing i was like no no you lay on
_THQZAwAYOc-00203-00044312-00044495 your side facing away from the door and
_THQZAwAYOc-00204-00044496-00044655 you pull the covers up over your head so
_THQZAwAYOc-00205-00044656-00044883 the only thing that shows is the
_THQZAwAYOc-00206-00044884-00045102 bow scootaloo points that out though
_THQZAwAYOc-00207-00045103-00045246 sweetie
_THQZAwAYOc-00208-00045247-00045518 lay like a balloon how did she lay like
_THQZAwAYOc-00209-00045519-00045655 she does everything else sassy
_THQZAwAYOc-00210-00045656-00045974 apparently she does everything sassy
_THQZAwAYOc-00211-00045975-00046167 yeah i
_THQZAwAYOc-00212-00046168-00046446 did not have that in my interpretation
_THQZAwAYOc-00213-00046447-00046727 of apple bloom i mean she has sass
_THQZAwAYOc-00214-00046728-00047023 because she back talks sometimes but
_THQZAwAYOc-00215-00047024-00047190 that would not have been my definition
_THQZAwAYOc-00216-00047191-00047495 of how do i do this with sass
_THQZAwAYOc-00217-00047496-00047727 i don't have time to translate that
_THQZAwAYOc-00218-00047728-00047999 and before i forget i love how let's
_THQZAwAYOc-00219-00048000-00048167 sing about this nope no time for a song
_THQZAwAYOc-00220-00048168-00048495 we must move the plot along
_THQZAwAYOc-00221-00048496-00048727 i was just about to go to that
_THQZAwAYOc-00222-00048728-00048918 because the cutie mark crusaders have
_THQZAwAYOc-00223-00048919-00049223 songs fairly often so it was a good
_THQZAwAYOc-00224-00049224-00049374 place that they would normally have a
_THQZAwAYOc-00225-00049375-00049486 song
_THQZAwAYOc-00226-00049487-00049655 but considering how quickly applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00227-00049656-00050007 keeps checking in no no time for song go
_THQZAwAYOc-00228-00050008-00050158 i also like that we're acknowledging
_THQZAwAYOc-00229-00050159-00050415 that we're singing in the show
_THQZAwAYOc-00230-00050416-00050711 also convenient haystacks are convenient
_THQZAwAYOc-00231-00050712-00050846 what was that just in case a bloom
_THQZAwAYOc-00232-00050847-00051023 decides to go out the window applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00233-00051024-00051246 that way she won't hurt herself what
_THQZAwAYOc-00234-00051247-00051607 well until applejack truly didn't know
_THQZAwAYOc-00235-00051608-00051870 that applebloom had run off i actually
_THQZAwAYOc-00236-00051871-00052094 thought that she did that on purpose so
_THQZAwAYOc-00237-00052095-00052263 that apple bloom could run off and then
_THQZAwAYOc-00238-00052264-00052494 she was just gonna shadow shadow apple
_THQZAwAYOc-00239-00052495-00052654 bloom
_THQZAwAYOc-00240-00052655-00052847 so that she could prove
_THQZAwAYOc-00241-00052848-00053071 her opposite point of yes you still need
_THQZAwAYOc-00242-00053072-00053311 me but she'd be right there so nothing
_THQZAwAYOc-00243-00053312-00053487 really bad could happen
_THQZAwAYOc-00244-00053488-00053647 another point in that scene there is the
_THQZAwAYOc-00245-00053648-00053815 fact that
_THQZAwAYOc-00246-00053816-00054007 sweetie belle was kind of cute when she
_THQZAwAYOc-00247-00054008-00054279 was sleeping though that weird face she
_THQZAwAYOc-00248-00054279-00054550 was making with her lips like okay
_THQZAwAYOc-00249-00054551-00054782 that actually reminded me a little bit
_THQZAwAYOc-00250-00054783-00054879 of
_THQZAwAYOc-00251-00054879-00055038 uh how the grinch stole christmas
_THQZAwAYOc-00252-00055039-00055215 animation something about her lips
_THQZAwAYOc-00253-00055216-00055503 reminded me of the grinch's smile
_THQZAwAYOc-00254-00055504-00055647 in that
_THQZAwAYOc-00255-00055648-00055830 his clothes mouth smile not the open
_THQZAwAYOc-00256-00055832-00056126 mouth one also i like how applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00257-00056127-00056254 asked them
_THQZAwAYOc-00258-00056255-00056366 so
_THQZAwAYOc-00259-00056367-00056494 did you guys hear me talk about how
_THQZAwAYOc-00260-00056495-00056703 dangerous that was i'm not and i'm
_THQZAwAYOc-00261-00056704-00056894 actually thinking no actually they never
_THQZAwAYOc-00262-00056895-00056999 heard you talk about how dangerous it
_THQZAwAYOc-00263-00057000-00057230 was apple i don't even think mentions
_THQZAwAYOc-00264-00057232-00057359 how dangerous it is he just mentions
_THQZAwAYOc-00265-00057360-00057694 it's a hard journey to wherever the
_THQZAwAYOc-00266-00057695-00057838 delivery is going
_THQZAwAYOc-00267-00057839-00057942 so
_THQZAwAYOc-00268-00057944-00058111 sweetie belle and scootaloo actually
_THQZAwAYOc-00269-00058112-00058287 don't know how dangerous the journey is
_THQZAwAYOc-00270-00058288-00058447 i'm going to that wonderful crazy list
_THQZAwAYOc-00271-00058448-00058647 of items for your first thinking
_THQZAwAYOc-00272-00058648-00058903 has applejack actually snapped why would
_THQZAwAYOc-00273-00058904-00059230 you need fire proof boots
_THQZAwAYOc-00274-00059232-00059519 a lion taming's chair
_THQZAwAYOc-00275-00059520-00059638 a
_THQZAwAYOc-00276-00059639-00059823 snake charming flute
_THQZAwAYOc-00277-00059824-00060047 and rakota cheese
_THQZAwAYOc-00278-00060048-00060223 what is this the wild version of rachel
_THQZAwAYOc-00279-00060224-00060359 ray show
_THQZAwAYOc-00280-00060360-00060647 oh and can we go backwards for a minute
_THQZAwAYOc-00281-00060648-00060959 when did applejack replace applebloom's
_THQZAwAYOc-00282-00060960-00061191 bed with a crib
_THQZAwAYOc-00283-00061191-00061326 come on
_THQZAwAYOc-00284-00061327-00061582 well i'm thinking all she did was add
_THQZAwAYOc-00285-00061583-00061879 the railings onto the side of the bed
_THQZAwAYOc-00286-00061879-00062119 still come on
_THQZAwAYOc-00287-00062120-00062375 and all the pillows around it yeah and
_THQZAwAYOc-00288-00062376-00062711 then we go into the fire swamp i wonder
_THQZAwAYOc-00289-00062712-00062863 if there's any rodents of unusual size
_THQZAwAYOc-00290-00062864-00063103 running around this swamp i don't know
_THQZAwAYOc-00291-00063104-00063279 it depends on whether or not the chimera
_THQZAwAYOc-00292-00063279-00063550 can agree whether or not to eat them
_THQZAwAYOc-00293-00063551-00063742 oh you spoiled my line about holy smokes
_THQZAwAYOc-00294-00063744-00064135 the chimera nice reveal though
_THQZAwAYOc-00295-00064136-00064423 no i love the animation of the reveal
_THQZAwAYOc-00296-00064424-00064647 though it is kind of off on what a
_THQZAwAYOc-00297-00064648-00064871 chimera actually is might understand a
_THQZAwAYOc-00298-00064872-00065135 chimera is a combination of lion goat
_THQZAwAYOc-00299-00065136-00065247 and snake
_THQZAwAYOc-00300-00065248-00065615 not saber tooth tiger goat and snake
_THQZAwAYOc-00301-00065616-00065919 true but they still stuck with
_THQZAwAYOc-00302-00065920-00066111 cat goat snake
_THQZAwAYOc-00303-00066112-00066479 they may not have wanted to have a
_THQZAwAYOc-00304-00066480-00066567 oh
_THQZAwAYOc-00305-00066568-00066911 i've got it i have a theory at least
_THQZAwAYOc-00306-00066912-00067175 since the chimera is female the lion
_THQZAwAYOc-00307-00067176-00067431 would have been a lioness
_THQZAwAYOc-00308-00067432-00067623 no maine
_THQZAwAYOc-00309-00067624-00067894 children's show how do you tell a lion
_THQZAwAYOc-00310-00067895-00068094 because it has a mane how do you tell a
_THQZAwAYOc-00311-00068095-00068335 tiger because it has stripes
_THQZAwAYOc-00312-00068336-00068463 so they want to make it more distinct
_THQZAwAYOc-00313-00068464-00068591 than just a
_THQZAwAYOc-00314-00068592-00068871 female line without a mane yeah so
_THQZAwAYOc-00315-00068872-00069063 instead of having a
_THQZAwAYOc-00316-00069064-00069455 golden or yellow cat they went oh if we
_THQZAwAYOc-00317-00069456-00069647 make it a tiger then everyone will know
_THQZAwAYOc-00318-00069648-00069887 it's a tiger or if we make it a yellow
_THQZAwAYOc-00319-00069888-00070175 cat not everyone may know it's a lion i
_THQZAwAYOc-00320-00070176-00070343 do like the design of the chimera though
_THQZAwAYOc-00321-00070344-00070550 they did a very good job on it
_THQZAwAYOc-00322-00070551-00070815 definitely like the design
_THQZAwAYOc-00323-00070816-00070950 and
_THQZAwAYOc-00324-00070951-00071167 the animation of it even like that they
_THQZAwAYOc-00325-00071168-00071303 were sisters
_THQZAwAYOc-00326-00071304-00071543 yeah of course they'd be sisters
_THQZAwAYOc-00327-00071544-00071679 and did you catch the jungle book
_THQZAwAYOc-00328-00071680-00071782 reference
_THQZAwAYOc-00329-00071783-00072031 the snake size changing i didn't grow up
_THQZAwAYOc-00330-00072032-00072399 watching disney movies for nothing
_THQZAwAYOc-00331-00072400-00072599 we have a nice tension build up in the
_THQZAwAYOc-00332-00072600-00072791 beginning with the approach of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00333-00072792-00073135 chimera and the you know don't move this
_THQZAwAYOc-00334-00073136-00073294 is a safe spot
_THQZAwAYOc-00335-00073295-00073462 and then we have
_THQZAwAYOc-00336-00073463-00073647 we want the pie
_THQZAwAYOc-00337-00073648-00073823 okay apple bloom doesn't want to give
_THQZAwAYOc-00338-00073824-00074071 you the pies but that's okay
_THQZAwAYOc-00339-00074072-00074223 and then we go on to
_THQZAwAYOc-00340-00074224-00074519 no we're going to eat you like ah
_THQZAwAYOc-00341-00074520-00074711 sentient creature eating another
_THQZAwAYOc-00342-00074712-00074943 sentient creature in a children's show
_THQZAwAYOc-00343-00074944-00075055 no
_THQZAwAYOc-00344-00075056-00075182 oh yeah i was gonna bring up the fact
_THQZAwAYOc-00345-00075183-00075359 that you know we won't talk about death
_THQZAwAYOc-00346-00075360-00075487 directly but we'll hint about other
_THQZAwAYOc-00347-00075488-00075719 creatures doing it to other creatures
_THQZAwAYOc-00348-00075720-00075943 oh but it's a chimera so
_THQZAwAYOc-00349-00075944-00076087 and it gives tension and the kids won't
_THQZAwAYOc-00350-00076088-00076311 get too scared i don't think
_THQZAwAYOc-00351-00076312-00076455 because their whole design with the
_THQZAwAYOc-00352-00076456-00076735 creatures always make them fun
_THQZAwAYOc-00353-00076736-00076887 but have a little bit of edge to them
_THQZAwAYOc-00354-00076888-00077038 but not enough to actually scare little
_THQZAwAYOc-00355-00077039-00077135 children
_THQZAwAYOc-00356-00077136-00077438 no but we had some potential there for
_THQZAwAYOc-00357-00077439-00077671 them to actually commiserate about
_THQZAwAYOc-00358-00077672-00077791 sisters
_THQZAwAYOc-00359-00077792-00077919 you know we were starting to work
_THQZAwAYOc-00360-00077920-00078143 towards them bonding on the subject of
_THQZAwAYOc-00361-00078144-00078335 having your sister constantly over your
_THQZAwAYOc-00362-00078336-00078462 shoulder
_THQZAwAYOc-00363-00078463-00078847 and then we lost it
_THQZAwAYOc-00364-00078848-00078975 yeah but we're running out of time in
_THQZAwAYOc-00365-00078976-00079255 the episode too well if we hadn't had
_THQZAwAYOc-00366-00079256-00079567 applejack open the door 40 times
_THQZAwAYOc-00367-00079568-00079815 and go cup of water blanket did i hear a
_THQZAwAYOc-00368-00079816-00080055 cough
_THQZAwAYOc-00369-00080056-00080223 are you still breathing i don't hear any
_THQZAwAYOc-00370-00080224-00080438 breathing
_THQZAwAYOc-00371-00080439-00080647 that was me adding it living there
_THQZAwAYOc-00372-00080648-00080879 and applejack's boots kinda reminded me
_THQZAwAYOc-00373-00080880-00081231 of her power pony design
_THQZAwAYOc-00374-00081232-00081543 oh you're right and her character was
_THQZAwAYOc-00375-00081544-00081775 kind of a batman type and
_THQZAwAYOc-00376-00081776-00082047 being ridiculously prepared
_THQZAwAYOc-00377-00082048-00082287 that does kind of fit applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00378-00082288-00082479 funny thing about snake trapping flutes
_THQZAwAYOc-00379-00082480-00082638 is it's actually not the sound of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00380-00082639-00082855 flute that trims the snake it's the
_THQZAwAYOc-00381-00082856-00083047 movements of the flute that charms the
_THQZAwAYOc-00382-00083048-00083143 snake
_THQZAwAYOc-00383-00083144-00083319 because if you notice snake charmers
_THQZAwAYOc-00384-00083320-00083438 move
_THQZAwAYOc-00385-00083439-00083655 the snake charming flute back and forth
_THQZAwAYOc-00386-00083656-00083791 it's actually that movement that gets
_THQZAwAYOc-00387-00083792-00083982 the snake to go
_THQZAwAYOc-00388-00083983-00084150 because the snake actually can't from my
_THQZAwAYOc-00389-00084151-00084279 understand
_THQZAwAYOc-00390-00084280-00084494 hear the flute that much
_THQZAwAYOc-00391-00084495-00084806 and yeah she's definitely her powerpoint
_THQZAwAYOc-00392-00084807-00084967 because her saddlebags are kind of like
_THQZAwAYOc-00393-00084968-00085206 a utility belt she pulled out everything
_THQZAwAYOc-00394-00085207-00085343 from there
_THQZAwAYOc-00395-00085344-00085559 i love how the chair just folded out
_THQZAwAYOc-00396-00085560-00085726 yeah i'm wondering if pinkie pie helped
_THQZAwAYOc-00397-00085727-00085975 her pack that
_THQZAwAYOc-00398-00085976-00086191 also i think because of the way the
_THQZAwAYOc-00399-00086192-00086350 chimera react when applejack first
_THQZAwAYOc-00400-00086351-00086455 showed up
_THQZAwAYOc-00401-00086456-00086631 she may have gone through this location
_THQZAwAYOc-00402-00086632-00086871 once before because she knew what to
_THQZAwAYOc-00403-00086872-00087143 bring along and the camera went you
_THQZAwAYOc-00404-00087144-00087279 or her
_THQZAwAYOc-00405-00087280-00087382 and that's why she immediately went
_THQZAwAYOc-00406-00087383-00087526 after applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00407-00087527-00087655 because he would think about it apple
_THQZAwAYOc-00408-00087656-00087799 boom was closer she could have gotten to
_THQZAwAYOc-00409-00087800-00087999 applewoom then gone after applejack i
_THQZAwAYOc-00410-00088000-00088103 would have liked it if they would have
_THQZAwAYOc-00411-00088104-00088359 had applejack do something to get the
_THQZAwAYOc-00412-00088360-00088567 snake cut in the tree instead of them
_THQZAwAYOc-00413-00088568-00088718 just running along and oh suddenly it's
_THQZAwAYOc-00414-00088719-00088823 in the tree
_THQZAwAYOc-00415-00088824-00089055 yeah that was a little
_THQZAwAYOc-00416-00089056-00089255 that was a little convenient
_THQZAwAYOc-00417-00089256-00089559 so i do like how like oh rakota
_THQZAwAYOc-00418-00089560-00089838 like i got food i'm like why
_THQZAwAYOc-00419-00089839-00090135 it's a goat traditionally goats or
_THQZAwAYOc-00420-00090136-00090438 herbivores ricotta is a cheese cheese is
_THQZAwAYOc-00421-00090439-00090655 made from milk milk comes from dairy
_THQZAwAYOc-00422-00090656-00091038 animals like cows and goats
_THQZAwAYOc-00423-00091039-00091175 i was kind of okay with it when i
_THQZAwAYOc-00424-00091176-00091350 thought about it i was like dairy's okay
_THQZAwAYOc-00425-00091351-00091567 because they drink milk when they're
_THQZAwAYOc-00426-00091568-00091799 younger so i think they'd appreciate it
_THQZAwAYOc-00427-00091800-00091975 it's not like they're eating meat of
_THQZAwAYOc-00428-00091976-00092238 another goat or something oh no i i
_THQZAwAYOc-00429-00092239-00092482 don't mean it that way and that it's
_THQZAwAYOc-00430-00092483-00092775 disturbing you know we did have a
_THQZAwAYOc-00431-00092776-00093047 episode in season i think it may have
_THQZAwAYOc-00432-00093048-00093182 been all the way back in season one
_THQZAwAYOc-00433-00093183-00093343 where pinkie pie's talking to one of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00434-00093344-00093518 cows and asking if she came to get some
_THQZAwAYOc-00435-00093519-00093711 cookies to go with her milk
_THQZAwAYOc-00436-00093712-00093882 i don't have a problem with
_THQZAwAYOc-00437-00093883-00094191 dairy i'm just wondering
_THQZAwAYOc-00438-00094192-00094343 why dairy
_THQZAwAYOc-00439-00094344-00094526 you know snake charming flute's kind of
_THQZAwAYOc-00440-00094527-00094735 obvious it's a snake
_THQZAwAYOc-00441-00094736-00094926 lined hammer's chair okay it's a giant
_THQZAwAYOc-00442-00094927-00095159 cat that kind of makes sense
_THQZAwAYOc-00443-00095160-00095343 ricotta cheese
_THQZAwAYOc-00444-00095344-00095535 i don't get it i'm thinking because it's
_THQZAwAYOc-00445-00095536-00095847 cheese and goats eat anything and cheese
_THQZAwAYOc-00446-00095848-00096023 can come from goats so that's what their
_THQZAwAYOc-00447-00096024-00096231 association was plus it's one of those
_THQZAwAYOc-00448-00096232-00096391 fun words to say
_THQZAwAYOc-00449-00096392-00096518 plus if you said it right it could have
_THQZAwAYOc-00450-00096519-00096694 come out rigota
_THQZAwAYOc-00451-00096695-00096982 okay you may hit me for that later oh
_THQZAwAYOc-00452-00096983-00097191 and now we have bayou ponies i think
_THQZAwAYOc-00453-00097192-00097382 it's a reference to something
_THQZAwAYOc-00454-00097383-00097582 but i'm just gonna leave it at that
_THQZAwAYOc-00455-00097583-00097694 i think there's another reference in
_THQZAwAYOc-00456-00097695-00097799 there too because there may have
_THQZAwAYOc-00457-00097800-00097959 actually been an airbender reference
_THQZAwAYOc-00458-00097960-00098159 with that green haired pony the one that
_THQZAwAYOc-00459-00098160-00098311 looked like it was rowing dreadlocks
_THQZAwAYOc-00460-00098312-00098494 reminded me a lot of
_THQZAwAYOc-00461-00098495-00098687 one of the two
_THQZAwAYOc-00462-00098688-00098871 swamp benders as i would call them from
_THQZAwAYOc-00463-00098872-00099055 the last airbender
_THQZAwAYOc-00464-00099056-00099238 now i didn't draw
_THQZAwAYOc-00465-00099239-00099526 in airbender's reference
_THQZAwAYOc-00466-00099527-00099767 the only thing that struck me things i
_THQZAwAYOc-00467-00099768-00099982 should say is it reminded me a little
_THQZAwAYOc-00468-00099983-00100247 bit of the comic
_THQZAwAYOc-00469-00100248-00100567 actually when rarity was
_THQZAwAYOc-00470-00100568-00100687 at her
_THQZAwAYOc-00471-00100688-00100959 air quotes spa even though those were
_THQZAwAYOc-00472-00100960-00101174 more hippie ponies than
_THQZAwAYOc-00473-00101175-00101431 hillbilly and then the way the one pony
_THQZAwAYOc-00474-00101432-00101718 was dancing on the table those dance
_THQZAwAYOc-00475-00101719-00101943 movements reminded me of a peanuts
_THQZAwAYOc-00476-00101944-00102111 character i don't remember which one
_THQZAwAYOc-00477-00102112-00102287 danced like that but
_THQZAwAYOc-00478-00102288-00102551 it was very distinctive to me
_THQZAwAYOc-00479-00102552-00102702 it was reminding me of something i just
_THQZAwAYOc-00480-00102703-00102918 didn't associate with peanuts i actually
_THQZAwAYOc-00481-00102919-00103134 thought of scooby-doo i think
_THQZAwAYOc-00482-00103135-00103247 i know what the lesson was trying to get
_THQZAwAYOc-00483-00103248-00103558 across but it could be misconstrued as
_THQZAwAYOc-00484-00103559-00103686 get your family notice you by running
_THQZAwAYOc-00485-00103688-00103847 away and doing stupid stuff
_THQZAwAYOc-00486-00103848-00104015 that was pretty much the lesson i got
_THQZAwAYOc-00487-00104016-00104175 because if
_THQZAwAYOc-00488-00104176-00104366 apple bloom had just stayed home and
_THQZAwAYOc-00489-00104367-00104534 stayed out of trouble
_THQZAwAYOc-00490-00104535-00104790 we saw that the episode was going to
_THQZAwAYOc-00491-00104791-00105086 where applejack was able to start
_THQZAwAYOc-00492-00105088-00105351 realizing that her fears were groundless
_THQZAwAYOc-00493-00105352-00105671 instead we have apple bloom running away
_THQZAwAYOc-00494-00105672-00105854 which we always want to discourage
_THQZAwAYOc-00495-00105855-00106134 children from running away
_THQZAwAYOc-00496-00106135-00106343 doing something dangerous
_THQZAwAYOc-00497-00106344-00106495 succeeding
_THQZAwAYOc-00498-00106496-00106678 and then even though she's probably
_THQZAwAYOc-00499-00106679-00106919 going to be punished for it also being
_THQZAwAYOc-00500-00106920-00107071 praised for it
_THQZAwAYOc-00501-00107072-00107247 yeah kind of a mixed message there and
_THQZAwAYOc-00502-00107248-00107358 like i said i know they were trying to
_THQZAwAYOc-00503-00107359-00107543 get across the other one which is which
_THQZAwAYOc-00504-00107544-00107775 is applejack learning that you can be
_THQZAwAYOc-00505-00107776-00107951 overprotective sometimes and being
_THQZAwAYOc-00506-00107952-00108134 overprotective can be a problem and i
_THQZAwAYOc-00507-00108135-00108231 think there was supposed to be a lesson
_THQZAwAYOc-00508-00108232-00108415 for apple bloom but i couldn't really
_THQZAwAYOc-00509-00108416-00108686 divine one from the episode i think they
_THQZAwAYOc-00510-00108688-00108919 might have been trying to go for
_THQZAwAYOc-00511-00108920-00109190 even when you grow up
_THQZAwAYOc-00512-00109191-00109310 you still
_THQZAwAYOc-00513-00109311-00109471 need your family
_THQZAwAYOc-00514-00109472-00109654 just not in the same way
_THQZAwAYOc-00515-00109655-00109831 because you know when the chimera asked
_THQZAwAYOc-00516-00109832-00110054 her any last words she's like i wish my
_THQZAwAYOc-00517-00110055-00110310 sister was here so you know
_THQZAwAYOc-00518-00110311-00110551 that even though you're growing up there
_THQZAwAYOc-00519-00110552-00110839 are still times when you need help
_THQZAwAYOc-00520-00110840-00110983 and
_THQZAwAYOc-00521-00110983-00111199 how much trouble are scootaloo and
_THQZAwAYOc-00522-00111200-00111447 sweetie belle in you know aiding and
_THQZAwAYOc-00523-00111448-00111678 abetting a runaway and rarity is kind of
_THQZAwAYOc-00524-00111679-00111863 a strict person so she's probably
_THQZAwAYOc-00525-00111864-00111999 handling at least the punishing for
_THQZAwAYOc-00526-00112000-00112327 sweetie belle but rarity
_THQZAwAYOc-00527-00112328-00112558 works as a babysitter and she can def
_THQZAwAYOc-00528-00112559-00112854 full sitter and can definitely scold
_THQZAwAYOc-00529-00112855-00112983 both of them
_THQZAwAYOc-00530-00112983-00113102 but
_THQZAwAYOc-00531-00113103-00113327 my understanding is that sweetie belle
_THQZAwAYOc-00532-00113328-00113590 still lives with her and rarity's
_THQZAwAYOc-00533-00113591-00113751 parents so
_THQZAwAYOc-00534-00113752-00113983 ultimately that punishment should come
_THQZAwAYOc-00535-00113983-00114175 from their parents
_THQZAwAYOc-00536-00114176-00114343 and i don't think we've ever seen
_THQZAwAYOc-00537-00114344-00114590 scootaloo's parents not as of yet we
_THQZAwAYOc-00538-00114591-00114758 have seen our house though
_THQZAwAYOc-00539-00114759-00114951 so you know this is the kind of stuff
_THQZAwAYOc-00540-00114952-00115215 that usually you get dragged in front of
_THQZAwAYOc-00541-00115216-00115407 your parents for
_THQZAwAYOc-00542-00115408-00115575 so it's like okay how much trouble are
_THQZAwAYOc-00543-00115576-00115807 these guys in and are we still going to
_THQZAwAYOc-00544-00115808-00115966 have the cutie mark crusaders
_THQZAwAYOc-00545-00115967-00116175 unsupervised all the time because they
_THQZAwAYOc-00546-00116176-00116423 do a lot of stuff on their own when
_THQZAwAYOc-00547-00116424-00116590 they're in the clubhouse even though
_THQZAwAYOc-00548-00116591-00116854 it's on sweet apple acres property
_THQZAwAYOc-00549-00116855-00117023 they're by themselves completely
_THQZAwAYOc-00550-00117024-00117383 unsupervised up in a tree and
_THQZAwAYOc-00551-00117383-00117686 they went to the crystal kingdom
_THQZAwAYOc-00552-00117688-00117966 for the equestria games
_THQZAwAYOc-00553-00117967-00118166 flag team tryouts
_THQZAwAYOc-00554-00118167-00118302 without
_THQZAwAYOc-00555-00118303-00118447 any parents
_THQZAwAYOc-00556-00118448-00118575 they didn't go
_THQZAwAYOc-00557-00118576-00118775 on their own because it was part of a
_THQZAwAYOc-00558-00118776-00118943 school trip
_THQZAwAYOc-00559-00118944-00119166 and when they went back
_THQZAwAYOc-00560-00119167-00119423 i recall correctly they had
_THQZAwAYOc-00561-00119424-00119607 rainbow dash's help in
_THQZAwAYOc-00562-00119608-00119934 getting back in time but they do a lot
_THQZAwAYOc-00563-00119935-00120151 of stuff on their own so is that now
_THQZAwAYOc-00564-00120152-00120407 going to be curtailed because
_THQZAwAYOc-00565-00120408-00120607 they pulled this deception i think
_THQZAwAYOc-00566-00120608-00120799 you're expecting too much of the show
_THQZAwAYOc-00567-00120800-00121023 no i'm i'm saying that i don't think
_THQZAwAYOc-00568-00121024-00121254 anything's really going to change
_THQZAwAYOc-00569-00121255-00121390 it's probably going to change a little
_THQZAwAYOc-00570-00121391-00121543 bit but it probably won't show up until
_THQZAwAYOc-00571-00121544-00121847 until a plot of an episode needs it that
_THQZAwAYOc-00572-00121848-00122031 seems to be the theme with um my little
_THQZAwAYOc-00573-00122032-00122190 pony is they will bring something up
_THQZAwAYOc-00574-00122191-00122423 later if they need it for the story
_THQZAwAYOc-00575-00122424-00122599 like flutter guy
_THQZAwAYOc-00576-00122600-00122831 or whether or not twilight is being
_THQZAwAYOc-00577-00122832-00122990 treated as a princess
_THQZAwAYOc-00578-00122991-00123278 you know stuff like that true and
_THQZAwAYOc-00579-00123279-00123575 now that we got to see applejack's route
_THQZAwAYOc-00580-00123576-00123783 i want to know what big mac's route was
_THQZAwAYOc-00581-00123783-00124039 like because granny smith said that she
_THQZAwAYOc-00582-00124040-00124351 didn't know which one was more difficult
_THQZAwAYOc-00583-00124352-00124631 so if applejack's route had a fire swamp
_THQZAwAYOc-00584-00124632-00124886 and a chimera what the heck is on big
_THQZAwAYOc-00585-00124888-00125271 macs
_THQZAwAYOc-00586-00125272-00125527 sorry i was trying to think of
_THQZAwAYOc-00587-00125528-00125607 well
_THQZAwAYOc-00588-00125608-00125766 you know it's like it's like something
_THQZAwAYOc-00589-00125767-00125934 like no normal person would be scared of
_THQZAwAYOc-00590-00125935-00126254 but big mac's like
_THQZAwAYOc-00591-00126255-00126454 just to make it funny
_THQZAwAYOc-00592-00126455-00126766 like a field of butterflies or something
_THQZAwAYOc-00593-00126767-00127014 or fluffy bunnies oh look at they're so
_THQZAwAYOc-00594-00127015-00127207 oh my god they're not cute well if
_THQZAwAYOc-00595-00127208-00127390 they're the jackalope bunnies from the
_THQZAwAYOc-00596-00127391-00127686 comics no they're not
_THQZAwAYOc-00597-00127688-00127934 and how is apple bloom able to pull that
_THQZAwAYOc-00598-00127935-00128102 cart and not even
_THQZAwAYOc-00599-00128103-00128407 like look tired it's a cart full of
_THQZAwAYOc-00600-00128408-00128551 apple pies
_THQZAwAYOc-00601-00128552-00128766 how was she even able to adjust the
_THQZAwAYOc-00602-00128767-00129078 harness to her height hmm and speaking
_THQZAwAYOc-00603-00129079-00129254 of that apple cart i think some of it
_THQZAwAYOc-00604-00129255-00129510 was computer generated you know 3d
_THQZAwAYOc-00605-00129511-00129758 modeled because it rotated around and
_THQZAwAYOc-00606-00129759-00129951 everything went up when apple bloom was
_THQZAwAYOc-00607-00129952-00130071 turning around in circles and stuff like
_THQZAwAYOc-00608-00130072-00130302 that pretty quickly and very smoothly so
_THQZAwAYOc-00609-00130303-00130519 i don't think it was actually flash
_THQZAwAYOc-00610-00130520-00130734 animated it was done in 3d
_THQZAwAYOc-00611-00130735-00130943 and then layered in with the rest of the
_THQZAwAYOc-00612-00130944-00131143 2d flash they've done it before in the
_THQZAwAYOc-00613-00131144-00131335 episodes like how they upgraded the
_THQZAwAYOc-00614-00131336-00131511 timberwolves to actually be 3d models
_THQZAwAYOc-00615-00131512-00131631 instead of
_THQZAwAYOc-00616-00131632-00131959 flat 2d like they were in the original
_THQZAwAYOc-00617-00131960-00132302 overall it was a decent episode to me
_THQZAwAYOc-00618-00132303-00132566 the overprotectiveness joke was
_THQZAwAYOc-00619-00132567-00132895 overplayed and it overplayed very
_THQZAwAYOc-00620-00132896-00133151 quickly between the helmets
_THQZAwAYOc-00621-00133152-00133414 running gag and the constant opening the
_THQZAwAYOc-00622-00133415-00133647 door to check on apple bloom
_THQZAwAYOc-00623-00133648-00133863 that really got old quickly
_THQZAwAYOc-00624-00133864-00133951 and then
_THQZAwAYOc-00625-00133952-00134031 the
_THQZAwAYOc-00626-00134032-00134199 mixed message
_THQZAwAYOc-00627-00134200-00134359 i don't really think that that's what
_THQZAwAYOc-00628-00134360-00134590 you want for a children's show
_THQZAwAYOc-00629-00134591-00134831 watching as an adult it's not a problem
_THQZAwAYOc-00630-00134832-00135095 and that's actually a theme
_THQZAwAYOc-00631-00135096-00135190 in
_THQZAwAYOc-00632-00135191-00135454 less children oriented shows
_THQZAwAYOc-00633-00135455-00135551 so
_THQZAwAYOc-00634-00135552-00135751 it's something
_THQZAwAYOc-00635-00135752-00135959 reasonable for a story
_THQZAwAYOc-00636-00135960-00136207 it's a bit contradictory possibly to the
_THQZAwAYOc-00637-00136208-00136478 message that the episode was trying to
_THQZAwAYOc-00638-00136479-00136766 get across there were places obviously
_THQZAwAYOc-00639-00136767-00137087 where i could see improvement
_THQZAwAYOc-00640-00137088-00137214 despite
_THQZAwAYOc-00641-00137215-00137447 this whole oh yeah you're starting to
_THQZAwAYOc-00642-00137448-00137590 grow up
_THQZAwAYOc-00643-00137591-00137775 it felt really more like a filler
_THQZAwAYOc-00644-00137776-00138031 episode that there wasn't a huge amount
_THQZAwAYOc-00645-00138032-00138254 of character development
_THQZAwAYOc-00646-00138255-00138335 and
_THQZAwAYOc-00647-00138336-00138495 definitely no
_THQZAwAYOc-00648-00138496-00138663 plot progression
_THQZAwAYOc-00649-00138664-00138966 for the overarching what's in the box
_THQZAwAYOc-00650-00138967-00139143 not that everything needs to be a key
_THQZAwAYOc-00651-00139144-00139390 episode or about the box
_THQZAwAYOc-00652-00139391-00139671 but at least it wasn't oh applejack is
_THQZAwAYOc-00653-00139672-00139919 doing nothing but be stubborn or
_THQZAwAYOc-00654-00139920-00140078 focusing on
_THQZAwAYOc-00655-00140079-00140335 we have to make money to keep the farm
_THQZAwAYOc-00656-00140336-00140566 in the family so
_THQZAwAYOc-00657-00140567-00140814 it was nice that it for an applejack
_THQZAwAYOc-00658-00140815-00141054 episode to not be focused on those two
_THQZAwAYOc-00659-00141055-00141166 items
_THQZAwAYOc-00660-00141167-00141359 and i agree with you on the points about
_THQZAwAYOc-00661-00141360-00141702 the episode being confusing the message
_THQZAwAYOc-00662-00141703-00141839 not coming through as clear as i think
_THQZAwAYOc-00663-00141840-00142063 they wanted it to and being a bit mixed
_THQZAwAYOc-00664-00142064-00142247 up and it definitely could be
_THQZAwAYOc-00665-00142248-00142495 misconstrued as
_THQZAwAYOc-00666-00142496-00142687 if you want attention from your family
_THQZAwAYOc-00667-00142688-00142814 run away
_THQZAwAYOc-00668-00142815-00142990 or you want your family to pay attention
_THQZAwAYOc-00669-00142991-00143207 to you in the right way run away
_THQZAwAYOc-00670-00143208-00143390 yeah you don't want to do that too much
_THQZAwAYOc-00671-00143391-00143590 in the children's show
_THQZAwAYOc-00672-00143591-00143951 but overall it's a nice episode
_THQZAwAYOc-00673-00143952-00144190 a little confusing on
_THQZAwAYOc-00674-00144191-00144407 the message of trying to create across
_THQZAwAYOc-00675-00144408-00144583 but it's enjoyable if you don't really
_THQZAwAYOc-00676-00144584-00144727 think about
_THQZAwAYOc-00677-00144728-00144959 the message too much
_THQZAwAYOc-00678-00144960-00145087 thank you for listening if you like our
_THQZAwAYOc-00679-00145088-00145263 work please subscribe
_THQZAwAYOc-00680-00145264-00145431 and if you want to keep up to date on
_THQZAwAYOc-00681-00145432-00145590 what i'm doing with the drawings for my
_THQZAwAYOc-00682-00145591-00145814 episodes you can follow me on tumblr if
_THQZAwAYOc-00683-00145815-00146014 you want to see the full resolutions of
_THQZAwAYOc-00684-00146015-00146223 the images i draw during each episode
_THQZAwAYOc-00685-00146224-00146414 please visit me on deviantart links in
_THQZAwAYOc-00686-00146415-00146639 the description and this has been our
_THQZAwAYOc-00687-00146640-00146902 thoughts on my little pony friendship is
_THQZAwAYOc-00688-00146903-00147143 magic season 4
_THQZAwAYOc-00689-00147144-00147343 episode 17
_THQZAwAYOc-00690-00147344-00147551 somepony to watch over me
_THQZAwAYOc-00691-00147552-00148076 nice song reference too i thought so too
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00000-00000053-00000347 network performance refers to measures
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00001-00000348-00000604 of service quality of a network as seen
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00002-00000605-00000938 by the customer there are many different
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00003-00000939-00001145 ways to measure the performance of a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00004-00001146-00001403 network as each network is different in
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00005-00001404-00001718 nature and design performance can also
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00006-00001719-00001976 be modelled and simulated instead of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00007-00001977-00002213 measured one example of this is using
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00008-00002214-00002489 state transition diagrams to model
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00009-00002490-00002717 queueing performance or to use a network
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00010-00002718-00003340 simulator
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00011-00003340-00004057 topic performance measures the following
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00012-00004058-00004365 measures are often considered important
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00013-00004366-00004627 bandwidth commonly measured in bit per
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00014-00004628-00004806 second is the maximum rate that
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00015-00004807-00005100 information can be transferred
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00016-00005101-00005353 throughput is the actual rate that
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00017-00005354-00005725 information is transferred latency the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00018-00005726-00005893 delay between the sender and the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00019-00005894-00006136 receiver decoding it this is mainly a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00020-00006137-00006391 function of the signals travel time and
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00021-00006392-00006609 processing time at any nodes the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00022-00006611-00006996 information traverses jitter variation
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00023-00006997-00007206 in packet delay at the receiver of the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00024-00007208-00007534 information error rate the number of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00025-00007534-00007801 corrupted bits expressed as a percentage
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00026-00007802-00008425 or fraction of the total sent
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00027-00008426-00008953 topic bandwidth
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00028-00008954-00009217 the available channel bandwidth and
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00029-00009218-00009448 achievable signal to noise ratio
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00030-00009449-00009628 determine the maximum possible
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00031-00009629-00009916 throughput it is not generally possible
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00032-00009917-00010213 to send more data than dictated by the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00033-00010214-00010871 Shannon Hartley theorem
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00034-00010872-00011388 Topic throughput
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00035-00011389-00011649 throughput is the number of messages
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00036-00011650-00011887 successfully delivered per unit time
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00037-00011888-00012345 through participate as well as the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00038-00012346-00012601 available signal-to-noise ratio and
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00039-00012602-00012927 hardware limitations throughput for the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00040-00012928-00013102 purpose of this article will be
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00041-00013103-00013291 understood to be measured from the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00042-00013291-00013528 arrival of the first bit of data at the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00043-00013529-00013753 receiver to decouple the concept of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00044-00013754-00014003 throughput from the concept of latency
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00045-00014004-00014305 for discussions of this type the terms
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00046-00014306-00014587 throughput and bandwidth are often used
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00047-00014588-00014971 interchangeably the time window is the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00048-00014972-00015178 period over which the throughput is
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00049-00015179-00015487 measured choice of an appropriate time
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00050-00015488-00015747 window will often dominate calculations
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00051-00015748-00015985 of throughput and whether latency is
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00052-00015986-00016236 taken into account or not will determine
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00053-00016237-00016441 whether the latency affects the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00054-00016442-00017048 throughput or not
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00055-00017049-00017580 topic latency
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00056-00017581-00017862 the speed of light imposes a minimum
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00057-00017863-00018138 propagation time on all electromagnetic
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00058-00018139-00018471 signals it is not possible to reduce the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00059-00018472-00019580 latency below T equals s C M display
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00060-00019581-00020037 style T equals s C underscore M where s
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00061-00020038-00020277 is the distance and C M is the speed of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00062-00020278-00020604 light in the medium this approximately
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00063-00020605-00020847 means one extra millisecond round-trip
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00064-00020848-00021306 time RT t for 100 kilometres 62 miles of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00065-00021307-00021702 distance between hosts other delays also
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00066-00021703-00022035 occur in intermediate nodes in packet
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00067-00022036-00022290 switched networks delays can occur due
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00068-00022291-00022815 to queuing
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00069-00022816-00023302 topic jitter
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00070-00023303-00023608 jitter is the undesired deviation from
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00071-00023609-00023887 true periodicity of an assumed periodic
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00072-00023888-00024075 signal in electronics and
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00073-00024076-00024313 telecommunications often in relation to
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00074-00024314-00024628 a reference clock source jitter may be
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00075-00024629-00024898 observed in characteristics such as the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00076-00024899-00025147 frequency of successive pulses the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00077-00025148-00025429 signal amplitude or phase of periodic
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00078-00025430-00025768 signals jitter is a significant and
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00079-00025769-00026038 usually undesired factor in the design
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00080-00026039-00026326 of almost all communications links eg
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00081-00026327-00026933 USB PCIe SATA OC 48 in clock recovery
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00082-00026935-00027673 applications it is called timing jitter
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00083-00027674-00028186 topic error rate
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00084-00028187-00028468 in digital transmission the number of
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00085-00028469-00028677 bit errors is the number of received
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00086-00028679-00028870 bits of a data stream over a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00087-00028870-00029074 communication channel that have been
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00088-00029075-00029318 altered due to noise interference
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00089-00029319-00029658 distortion or bit synchronization errors
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00090-00029658-00029964 the bit error rate or bit error ratio
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00091-00029966-00030289 BER is the number of bit errors divided
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00092-00030289-00030523 by the total number of transferred bits
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00093-00030524-00030858 during a studied time interval BER is a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00094-00030860-00031099 unitless performance measure often
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00095-00031100-00031446 expressed as a percentage the bit error
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00096-00031447-00031756 probability P is the expectation value
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00097-00031757-00032077 of the BER the BER can be considered as
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00098-00032077-00032299 an approximate estimate of the bit error
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00099-00032300-00032652 probability this estimate is accurate
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00100-00032654-00032860 for a long time interval and a high
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00101-00032861-00033497 number of bit errors
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00102-00033498-00034093 topic interplay of factors
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00103-00034094-00034345 all of the factors above coupled with
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00104-00034346-00034609 user requirements and user perceptions
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00105-00034610-00034864 play a role in determining the perceived
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00106-00034865-00035134 fastness or utility of a network
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00107-00035135-00035407 connection the relationship between
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00108-00035408-00035731 throughput latency and user experience
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00109-00035732-00036001 is most aptly understood in the context
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00110-00036002-00036208 of a shared network medium and as a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00111-00036209-00036845 scheduling problem
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00112-00036846-00037610 topic algorithms and protocols for some
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00113-00037611-00037865 systems latency and throughput are
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00114-00037866-00038306 coupled entities in tcp/ip latency can
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00115-00038307-00038660 also directly affect throughput in TCP
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00116-00038661-00038921 connections the large bandwidth delay
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00117-00038922-00039145 product of high latency connections
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00118-00039146-00039455 combined with relatively small TCP
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00119-00039456-00039782 window sizes on many devices effectively
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00120-00039783-00040013 causes the throughput of a high latency
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00121-00040014-00040300 connection to drop sharply with latency
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00122-00040301-00040571 this can be remedied with various
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00123-00040572-00040862 techniques such as increasing the TCP
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00124-00040863-00041150 congestion window size or more drastic
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00125-00041151-00041501 solutions such as packet coalescing TCP
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00126-00041502-00041702 acceleration and forward error
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00127-00041703-00041903 correction all of which are commonly
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00128-00041904-00042289 used for high latency satellite links
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00129-00042290-00042644 TCP acceleration converts the TCP
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00130-00042645-00042899 packets into a stream that is similar to
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00131-00042900-00043312 UDP because of this the TCP acceleration
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00132-00043313-00043619 software must provide its own mechanisms
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00133-00043620-00043850 to ensure the reliability of the link
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00134-00043851-00044105 taking the latency and bandwidth of the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00135-00044106-00044336 link into account and both ends of the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00136-00044337-00044564 high latency link must support the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00137-00044565-00044900 method used in the media access control
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00138-00044901-00045203 Mac layer performance issues such as
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00139-00045204-00045461 throughput and end-to-end delay also
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00140-00045462-00046048 addressed
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00141-00046049-00046430 topic examples of latency or throughput
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00142-00046431-00046968 dominated systems
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00143-00046969-00047271 many systems can be characterized as
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00144-00047272-00047469 dominated either by throughput
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00145-00047470-00047796 limitations or by latency limitations in
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00146-00047797-00048084 terms of end-user utility or experience
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00147-00048085-00048447 in some cases hard limits such as the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00148-00048448-00048684 speed of light present unique problems
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00149-00048685-00048930 to such systems and nothing can be done
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00150-00048931-00049265 to correct this other systems allow for
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00151-00049266-00049554 significant balancing and optimization
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00152-00049555-00050239 for best user experience
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00153-00050240-00050840 topic satellite telephony
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00154-00050841-00051085 a telecom satellite in geosynchronous
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00155-00051086-00051391 orbit imposes a path length of at least
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00156-00051392-00051635 71 thousand kilometres between
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00157-00051636-00051883 transmitter and receiver which means a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00158-00051884-00052105 minimum delay between message request
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00159-00052107-00052516 and message receipt or latency of 473
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00160-00052517-00052855 moos this delay can be very noticeable
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00161-00052857-00053078 and affect satellite phone service
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00162-00053079-00053294 regardless of available throughput
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00163-00053295-00053869 capacity
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00164-00053870-00054499 topic deep space communication
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00165-00054500-00054790 these long path length considerations
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00166-00054791-00055041 are exacerbated when communicating with
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00167-00055042-00055261 space probes and other long-range
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00168-00055262-00055581 targets beyond Earth's atmosphere the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00169-00055582-00055849 Deep Space Network implemented by NASA
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00170-00055850-00056118 is one such system that must cope with
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00171-00056119-00056475 these problems largely latency driven
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00172-00056476-00056700 the GAO has criticized the current
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00173-00056701-00056955 architecture several different methods
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00174-00056956-00057166 have been proposed to handle the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00175-00057166-00057357 intermittent connectivity and long
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00176-00057358-00057628 delays between packets such as delay
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00177-00057629-00058261 tolerant networking
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00178-00058262-00058948 topic even deeper space communication
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00179-00058949-00059185 at interstellar distances the
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00180-00059186-00059460 difficulties in designing radio systems
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00181-00059461-00059671 that can achieve any throughput at all a
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00182-00059672-00060012 massive in these cases maintaining
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00183-00060013-00060259 communication is a bigger issue than how
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00184-00060260-00060963 long that communication takes
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00185-00060964-00061657 topic offline data transport
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00186-00061658-00061889 transportation is concerned almost
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00187-00061890-00062120 entirely with throughput which is why
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00188-00062121-00062348 physical deliveries of backup tape
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00189-00062349-00062554 archives are still largely done by
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00190-00062555-00063167 vehicle
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00191-00063169-00063724 topic see also
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00192-00063725-00064161 bitrate measuring network throughput
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00193-00064162-00064551 network traffic measurement response
_ZoGrYjwTkE-00194-00064552-00065058 time equals equals notes
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00000-00000000-00000331 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00001-00000332-00002370 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00002-00002371-00003650 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00003-00003651-00004693 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00004-00004694-00004812 thank you
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00005-00004813-00006923 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00006-00006923-00007052 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00009-00015228-00015341 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00011-00018414-00018823 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00013-00022354-00023208 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00014-00023209-00023746 thank you
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00015-00023747-00026039 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00016-00026039-00028033 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00017-00028033-00029231 [Music]
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00018-00029232-00029352 foreign
_ZcLS5O8yiu-00020-00033032-00033352 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00000-00000000-00001491 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00001-00001492-00001885 bray
_cZS1O_NCSA-00002-00001886-00004882 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00005-00012933-00013700 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00006-00013701-00016697 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00007-00016698-00016883 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00008-00016884-00017153 so
_cZS1O_NCSA-00009-00017154-00018283 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00010-00018284-00018630 so
_cZS1O_NCSA-00011-00018631-00020799 [Music]
_cZS1O_NCSA-00012-00020800-00021008 you
_drhrw6VXlQ-00000-00000312-00000858 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00001-00000859-00001449 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00002-00001450-00001998 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00003-00001998-00002587 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00004-00002588-00003135 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00005-00003136-00003725 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00006-00003726-00004270 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00007-00004271-00004863 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00008-00004864-00005409 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00009-00005410-00005999 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00010-00006000-00006547 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00011-00006548-00007137 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00012-00007138-00007685 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00013-00007686-00008276 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00014-00008277-00008823 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00015-00008824-00009413 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00016-00009414-00009960 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00017-00009961-00010551 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00018-00010552-00011098 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00019-00011099-00011687 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00020-00011688-00012235 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00021-00012236-00012824 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00022-00012825-00013374 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00023-00013375-00013963 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00024-00013965-00014512 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00025-00014513-00015102 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00026-00015103-00015649 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00027-00015650-00016238 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00028-00016238-00016787 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00029-00016788-00017376 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00030-00017377-00017925 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00031-00017926-00018514 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00032-00018515-00019060 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00033-00019061-00019652 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00034-00019653-00020199 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00035-00020200-00020790 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00036-00020791-00021336 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00037-00021337-00021926 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00038-00021927-00022473 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00039-00022474-00023066 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00040-00023067-00023611 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00041-00023612-00024202 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00042-00024203-00024748 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00043-00024749-00025341 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00044-00025342-00025887 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00045-00025888-00026477 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00046-00026479-00027024 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00047-00027025-00027613 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00048-00027614-00028162 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00049-00028163-00028752 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00050-00028752-00029298 topic C also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00051-00029299-00029889 list of mathematical societies
_drhrw6VXlQ-00052-00029889-00030437 topic see also
_drhrw6VXlQ-00053-00030438-00030866 list of mathematical societies
_eFnfdV1WXk-00000-00000048-00000308 coupla soup as an instant soup product
_eFnfdV1WXk-00001-00000309-00000590 sold under various brands worldwide the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00002-00000591-00000808 soup is sold in sachets of powder which
_eFnfdV1WXk-00003-00000809-00001012 can be poured into a mug or cup which is
_eFnfdV1WXk-00004-00001013-00001202 then filled with near boiling water and
_eFnfdV1WXk-00005-00001203-00001495 stirred in the United States and Canada
_eFnfdV1WXk-00006-00001496-00001705 the product is manufactured and marketed
_eFnfdV1WXk-00007-00001707-00001922 by Unilever is Lipton brand and in
_eFnfdV1WXk-00008-00001923-00002135 Australia under the Continental brand in
_eFnfdV1WXk-00009-00002136-00002399 the United Kingdom the product is sold
_eFnfdV1WXk-00010-00002400-00002627 as bachelor's cup of soup a brand which
_eFnfdV1WXk-00011-00002628-00002882 is now owned by premier Foods in the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00012-00002883-00003059 Netherlands it is sold under the UNIX
_eFnfdV1WXk-00013-00003060-00003329 brand in South Africa Sweden Belgium
_eFnfdV1WXk-00014-00003329-00003647 Denmark Germany Argentina and Poland it
_eFnfdV1WXk-00015-00003647-00003926 is sold under the Knorr brand flavors
_eFnfdV1WXk-00016-00003927-00004169 include minestrone chicken noodle tomato
_eFnfdV1WXk-00017-00004170-00004360 soup and chicken and vegetable
_eFnfdV1WXk-00018-00004361-00004631 low-calorie versions also exist in the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00019-00004632-00004872 UK under the name Slim is soup and
_eFnfdV1WXk-00020-00004873-00005144 includes slightly different flavors such
_eFnfdV1WXk-00021-00005145-00005459 as Mediterranean tomato 2007 saw the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00022-00005460-00005719 introduction of cuppa soup extra
_eFnfdV1WXk-00023-00005720-00005990 individual sachets of soup and pasta
_eFnfdV1WXk-00024-00005991-00006209 sold in a variety of flavours including
_eFnfdV1WXk-00025-00006210-00006386 cheese and broccoli with tagliatelle
_eFnfdV1WXk-00026-00006387-00006595 chicken and mushroom with pasta
_eFnfdV1WXk-00027-00006596-00007330 minestrone and tangy salsa tomato
_eFnfdV1WXk-00028-00007331-00007852 topic ingredients
_eFnfdV1WXk-00029-00007853-00008120 bachelor's cup-a-soup extra minestrone
_eFnfdV1WXk-00030-00008120-00008294 with pasta lists the following
_eFnfdV1WXk-00031-00008295-00008474 ingredients has served greatest first
_eFnfdV1WXk-00032-00008475-00008948 water pasta 18% vegetables 5% carrot 2%
_eFnfdV1WXk-00033-00008949-00009368 onion peas 0.5% leek maize starch potato
_eFnfdV1WXk-00034-00009369-00009650 starch sugar salt flavoring glucose
_eFnfdV1WXk-00035-00009651-00009854 syrup flavor enhancers monosodium
_eFnfdV1WXk-00036-00009855-00009941 glutamate
_eFnfdV1WXk-00037-00009942-00010217 disodium ribonucleotides parsley yeast
_eFnfdV1WXk-00038-00010218-00010956 extract hydrogenated vegetable oil
_eFnfdV1WXk-00039-00010957-00011509 topic pluralization
_eFnfdV1WXk-00040-00011510-00011710 grammarians have argued as to the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00041-00011711-00011999 correct plural form of cuppa soup some
_eFnfdV1WXk-00042-00012000-00012241 believe the correct form US cups a soup
_eFnfdV1WXk-00043-00012242-00012481 whereas others contest that being a
_eFnfdV1WXk-00044-00012482-00012688 registered trademark the correct form US
_eFnfdV1WXk-00045-00012689-00012824 cuppa soups
_eFnfdV1WXk-00046-00012825-00013141 eg in reves and Mortimer's slade in
_eFnfdV1WXk-00047-00013143-00013719 residence
_eFnfdV1WXk-00048-00013720-00014301 topic in popular culture
_eFnfdV1WXk-00049-00014302-00014547 cup-a-soup features prominently in the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00050-00014547-00014744 Reeves and Mortimer sketches Slade in
_eFnfdV1WXk-00051-00014746-00014961 residence and Slade on holiday with the
_eFnfdV1WXk-00052-00014962-00015165 band being avid consumers of the instant
_eFnfdV1WXk-00053-00015166-00015350 soup
_eFnfdV1WXk-00054-00015351-00015593 topic list by brands bachelors
_eFnfdV1WXk-00055-00015594-00016227 continental brand McCormick & Company
_eFnfdV1WXk-00056-00016228-00016755 topic see also
_eFnfdV1WXk-00057-00016756-00017115 list of instant foods
_hvlhSixAkE-00000-00000104-00000630 [Music]
_hvlhSixAkE-00001-00000631-00000719 victoria
_hvlhSixAkE-00002-00000720-00000966 is one of the most bushfire prone parts
_hvlhSixAkE-00003-00000967-00001095 of the world
_hvlhSixAkE-00004-00001096-00001287 every summer bushfires threaten
_hvlhSixAkE-00005-00001288-00001478 properties and lives
_hvlhSixAkE-00006-00001479-00001647 but did you know it's not the flames
_hvlhSixAkE-00007-00001648-00001910 that kill most bushfire victims
_hvlhSixAkE-00008-00001911-00002263 no it's the radiant heat most victims
_hvlhSixAkE-00009-00002264-00002495 die from the effects of radiant heat
_hvlhSixAkE-00010-00002496-00002655 long before they're reached by the
_hvlhSixAkE-00011-00002656-00002902 flames
_hvlhSixAkE-00012-00002903-00003158 radiant heat is what you feel when you
_hvlhSixAkE-00013-00003159-00003327 sit next to a campfire
_hvlhSixAkE-00014-00003328-00003575 if a campfire heats up to two kilowatts
_hvlhSixAkE-00015-00003576-00003679 per square meter
_hvlhSixAkE-00016-00003679-00003879 you'll feel that it's too hot and will
_hvlhSixAkE-00017-00003879-00004135 want to move back from the fire
_hvlhSixAkE-00018-00004136-00004406 if you don't this amount of radiant heat
_hvlhSixAkE-00019-00004407-00004502 is enough to cause
_hvlhSixAkE-00020-00004503-00004799 burns and blisters in as little as 40
_hvlhSixAkE-00021-00004800-00005063 seconds
_hvlhSixAkE-00022-00005064-00005335 at 12 kilowatts it can cause some
_hvlhSixAkE-00023-00005336-00005479 materials like dry
_hvlhSixAkE-00024-00005480-00005879 timber to ignite
_hvlhSixAkE-00025-00005880-00006222 a bush fire can reach 100 kilowatts
_hvlhSixAkE-00026-00006223-00006399 and the effects can be truly
_hvlhSixAkE-00027-00006400-00006751 catastrophic
_hvlhSixAkE-00028-00006752-00007039 for humans radiant heat can cause burns
_hvlhSixAkE-00029-00007040-00007070 from
_hvlhSixAkE-00030-00007072-00007391 100 meters away and cause a dangerous
_hvlhSixAkE-00031-00007392-00007446 increase
_hvlhSixAkE-00032-00007447-00007742 in body temperature radiant heat can
_hvlhSixAkE-00033-00007743-00007998 cause the rapid onset of heat stroke
_hvlhSixAkE-00034-00008000-00008287 heat stroke damages your brain meaning
_hvlhSixAkE-00035-00008288-00008463 you won't be able to concentrate
_hvlhSixAkE-00036-00008464-00008678 to make good decisions as the fire
_hvlhSixAkE-00037-00008679-00008887 arrives
_hvlhSixAkE-00038-00008888-00009159 other impacts include severe damage of
_hvlhSixAkE-00039-00009160-00009223 internal
_hvlhSixAkE-00040-00009224-00009710 organs and death
_hvlhSixAkE-00041-00009711-00009903 there are some things you can do if
_hvlhSixAkE-00042-00009904-00010103 you're caught in a fire
_hvlhSixAkE-00043-00010104-00010310 cover your skin with long-sleeved
_hvlhSixAkE-00044-00010311-00010471 natural fiber clothing
_hvlhSixAkE-00045-00010472-00010814 like wool
_hvlhSixAkE-00046-00010815-00011063 it's also useful to know that radiant
_hvlhSixAkE-00047-00011064-00011327 heat only travels in straight lines
_hvlhSixAkE-00048-00011328-00011670 and can't bend around corners so
_hvlhSixAkE-00049-00011671-00011919 sheltering behind or inside solid
_hvlhSixAkE-00050-00011920-00012023 structures
_hvlhSixAkE-00051-00012024-00012342 may help protect you but be aware
_hvlhSixAkE-00052-00012343-00012551 radiant heat will travel straight
_hvlhSixAkE-00053-00012552-00012767 through glass
_hvlhSixAkE-00054-00012768-00013038 the best defense against radiant heat is
_hvlhSixAkE-00055-00013039-00013166 a simple one
_hvlhSixAkE-00056-00013168-00013447 if you're not anywhere near a bushfire
_hvlhSixAkE-00057-00013447-00013583 its radiant heat
_hvlhSixAkE-00058-00013584-00013911 can't hurt you leaving early
_hvlhSixAkE-00059-00013912-00014384 is always your safest option
_ltIjjidanE-00000-00000518-00001710 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00001-00001711-00001998 dhardi's salom tanzania darie salem
_ltIjjidanE-00002-00002000-00002231 tanzania's former capital is the world's
_ltIjjidanE-00003-00002232-00002455 second fastest expanding metropolis
_ltIjjidanE-00004-00002456-00002926 located on the swahili coast
_ltIjjidanE-00005-00002927-00003134 dar e salem has risen from a sleepy
_ltIjjidanE-00006-00003135-00003335 zaramo fishing hamlet to a vibrant
_ltIjjidanE-00007-00003336-00003559 tropical metropolis of over 6 million
_ltIjjidanE-00008-00003560-00003790 people in the previous century it is
_ltIjjidanE-00009-00003792-00004006 east africa's largest metropolis and
_ltIjjidanE-00010-00004007-00004254 africa's fifth largest it is also the
_ltIjjidanE-00011-00004255-00004463 nation's manufacturing and economic
_ltIjjidanE-00012-00004464-00004735 center
_ltIjjidanE-00013-00004736-00004951 due to its location on the indian ocean
_ltIjjidanE-00014-00004952-00005175 coast separated from the island of
_ltIjjidanE-00015-00005176-00005406 zanzibar by the zanzibar channel
_ltIjjidanE-00016-00005407-00005735 dhardi's salem was founded in 1857 as a
_ltIjjidanE-00017-00005736-00006038 small community called enzyma kiswahili
_ltIjjidanE-00018-00006039-00006489 for healthy town
_ltIjjidanE-00019-00006490-00006655 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00020-00006656-00006878 later it became the site of casaba
_ltIjjidanE-00021-00006879-00007151 millet and maize plantations
_ltIjjidanE-00022-00007152-00007423 dhardi's salim an arabic name that means
_ltIjjidanE-00023-00007423-00007667 haven of peace was formally founded in
_ltIjjidanE-00024-00007668-00007998 1866 by the sultan of zanzibar majid bin
_ltIjjidanE-00025-00008000-00008199 sayyid
_ltIjjidanE-00026-00008200-00008455 after the sultan's death in 1870 the
_ltIjjidanE-00027-00008456-00008671 city's fortunes declined but they were
_ltIjjidanE-00028-00008672-00008863 recovered when the german east africa
_ltIjjidanE-00029-00008864-00009055 company opened a trade post there in
_ltIjjidanE-00030-00009056-00009431 1887.
_ltIjjidanE-00031-00009432-00009646 dart east salem increased in importance
_ltIjjidanE-00032-00009647-00009871 as the german colonial presence in east
_ltIjjidanE-00033-00009872-00010087 africa expanded becoming the colony's
_ltIjjidanE-00034-00010088-00010367 administrative and commercial capital
_ltIjjidanE-00035-00010368-00010567 it became the eastern terminus of the
_ltIjjidanE-00036-00010568-00010799 sea an oak canal railway line that ran
_ltIjjidanE-00037-00010800-00011031 into the interior of german east africa
_ltIjjidanE-00038-00011032-00011241 in 1900
_ltIjjidanE-00039-00011242-00011478 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00040-00011479-00011710 british forces took control of dar east
_ltIjjidanE-00041-00011711-00011903 salem and german east africa during
_ltIjjidanE-00042-00011904-00012174 world war one the colony was renamed
_ltIjjidanE-00043-00012175-00012423 hengenika but dhardi salon remained the
_ltIjjidanE-00044-00012424-00012628 capital
_ltIjjidanE-00045-00012629-00012910 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00046-00012911-00013119 the british also legalized the city's
_ltIjjidanE-00047-00013119-00013335 informal residential segregation which
_ltIjjidanE-00048-00013336-00013535 had begun with the germans there were
_ltIjjidanE-00049-00013536-00013743 two african sections and one european
_ltIjjidanE-00050-00013744-00014271 section oyster bay karyapu and alala
_ltIjjidanE-00051-00014272-00014463 for asians a fourth segment was
_ltIjjidanE-00052-00014463-00014679 eventually created
_ltIjjidanE-00053-00014680-00014911 dar east salem expanded swiftly after
_ltIjjidanE-00054-00014912-00015086 world war ii and quickly became a
_ltIjjidanE-00055-00015087-00015375 hot-bedded anti-colonial activism led by
_ltIjjidanE-00056-00015376-00015615 the tanganyika african national union
_ltIjjidanE-00057-00015616-00016015 tanu which was created in the city
_ltIjjidanE-00058-00016016-00016238 when tanganyika gained independence in
_ltIjjidanE-00059-00016240-00016391 1961
_ltIjjidanE-00060-00016392-00016630 darby's salom became its first capital a
_ltIjjidanE-00061-00016631-00016855 position it retained when tanganyika and
_ltIjjidanE-00062-00016856-00017094 zanzibar combined to form tanzania in
_ltIjjidanE-00063-00017095-00017422 1964.
_ltIjjidanE-00064-00017423-00017622 although the inland city of dadoma was
_ltIjjidanE-00065-00017623-00017855 declared the new capital of tanzania in
_ltIjjidanE-00066-00017856-00018167 1973 most government offices remain in
_ltIjjidanE-00067-00018168-00018607 dar east salem
_ltIjjidanE-00068-00018608-00018767 welcome to thinkridge media the
_ltIjjidanE-00069-00018768-00018911 community which brings to you
_ltIjjidanE-00070-00018912-00019111 entrepreneurial business and personal
_ltIjjidanE-00071-00019112-00019327 development content to inform motivate
_ltIjjidanE-00072-00019328-00019543 and inspire you we also want to
_ltIjjidanE-00073-00019544-00019727 introduce you to our special african
_ltIjjidanE-00074-00019728-00019943 development playlist because we strongly
_ltIjjidanE-00075-00019944-00020119 believe entrepreneurship rather than
_ltIjjidanE-00076-00020120-00020327 global pity is the key to africa's
_ltIjjidanE-00077-00020328-00020527 growth and development so if you're
_ltIjjidanE-00078-00020528-00020703 african and you aren't subscribed to our
_ltIjjidanE-00079-00020704-00021294 community you're missing out
_ltIjjidanE-00080-00021295-00021758 city layout
_ltIjjidanE-00081-00021759-00021950 government offices are all centered in
_ltIjjidanE-00082-00021951-00022127 dar east salem and the country's
_ltIjjidanE-00083-00022128-00022335 diplomatic missions and non-governmental
_ltIjjidanE-00084-00022336-00022543 organizations are all represented in the
_ltIjjidanE-00085-00022544-00022735 bustling city area
_ltIjjidanE-00086-00022736-00022950 tanzania's metropolitan center is home
_ltIjjidanE-00087-00022951-00023191 to restaurants stores office buildings
_ltIjjidanE-00088-00023192-00023542 and government facilities
_ltIjjidanE-00089-00023543-00023758 in the city's landmarks and architecture
_ltIjjidanE-00090-00023759-00023950 remnants of colonial presence both
_ltIjjidanE-00091-00023951-00024214 german and british may still be seen
_ltIjjidanE-00092-00024215-00024407 dark east salem's buildings generally
_ltIjjidanE-00093-00024408-00024614 represent the city's colonial heritage
_ltIjjidanE-00094-00024615-00024767 and feature a diverse range of
_ltIjjidanE-00095-00024768-00025047 architectural styles including swahili
_ltIjjidanE-00096-00025048-00025550 british german and asian influences
_ltIjjidanE-00097-00025551-00025743 modernization and development following
_ltIjjidanE-00098-00025744-00025918 world war ii brought contemporary
_ltIjjidanE-00099-00025919-00026127 multi-story buildings including a
_ltIjjidanE-00100-00026127-00026374 hospital complex a technical institute
_ltIjjidanE-00101-00026375-00026558 and a high court
_ltIjjidanE-00102-00026560-00026807 the national museum the village museum
_ltIjjidanE-00103-00026808-00026999 and the numerous colorful marketplaces
_ltIjjidanE-00104-00027000-00027295 are all worth exploring
_ltIjjidanE-00105-00027295-00027487 a walking tour around the coastline and
_ltIjjidanE-00106-00027488-00027702 city center includes numerous historical
_ltIjjidanE-00107-00027704-00027887 landmarks such as saint joseph's
_ltIjjidanE-00108-00027888-00028062 cathedral the white father's mission
_ltIjjidanE-00109-00028063-00028255 house the botanical gardens and the
_ltIjjidanE-00110-00028256-00028607 ancient state house
_ltIjjidanE-00111-00028608-00028799 dardy's solemn's natural almost
_ltIjjidanE-00112-00028800-00029014 landlocked seaport provides as an outlet
_ltIjjidanE-00113-00029016-00029246 for the majority of mainland tanzania's
_ltIjjidanE-00114-00029247-00029511 agricultural and mineral exports as well
_ltIjjidanE-00115-00029512-00029687 as the surrounding landlocked countries
_ltIjjidanE-00116-00029688-00029967 of uganda rwanda burundi the democratic
_ltIjjidanE-00117-00029968-00030335 republic of congo zambia and malawi
_ltIjjidanE-00118-00030336-00030535 it also serves as a transit point for
_ltIjjidanE-00119-00030536-00030718 the congo river whose navigable
_ltIjjidanE-00120-00030719-00030967 tributary the lualaba is accessible by
_ltIjjidanE-00121-00030968-00031127 rail
_ltIjjidanE-00122-00031127-00031346 the tanzan railway which was built in
_ltIjjidanE-00123-00031347-00031614 1975 and connects zambia with the port
_ltIjjidanE-00124-00031616-00031887 of dhardi's salom runs west to kidoma on
_ltIjjidanE-00125-00031888-00032127 lake tanganyika and north to nwanza on
_ltIjjidanE-00126-00032127-00032446 lake victoria
_ltIjjidanE-00127-00032447-00032655 domestic and international flights are
_ltIjjidanE-00128-00032656-00032862 served at dar east salem international
_ltIjjidanE-00129-00032863-00033102 airport the city has become a renowned
_ltIjjidanE-00130-00033103-00033262 tourist destination due to its
_ltIjjidanE-00131-00033263-00033495 attractive harbor beautiful beaches and
_ltIjjidanE-00132-00033496-00033755 vibrant nightlife
_ltIjjidanE-00133-00033756-00033967 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00134-00033968-00034190 ambudia island is the ideal place to
_ltIjjidanE-00135-00034191-00034399 unwind with its lovely beaches clear
_ltIjjidanE-00136-00034400-00035087 waters and delicious cuisine
_ltIjjidanE-00137-00035088-00035646 people and culture
_ltIjjidanE-00138-00035647-00036055 in 2002 the city had a population of 2.5
_ltIjjidanE-00139-00036056-00036287 million people with around 40 percent of
_ltIjjidanE-00140-00036288-00036551 the population being muslim and 30 being
_ltIjjidanE-00141-00036552-00036767 christian
_ltIjjidanE-00142-00036768-00036999 it is east africa's second busiest port
_ltIjjidanE-00143-00037000-00037174 in tanzania's commercial center
_ltIjjidanE-00144-00037175-00037335 straddling some of the world's most
_ltIjjidanE-00145-00037336-00037718 vital maritime routes
_ltIjjidanE-00146-00037719-00037943 it is tanzania's most prominent city in
_ltIjjidanE-00147-00037944-00038279 terms of arts fashion media music film
_ltIjjidanE-00148-00038280-00038471 and television as well as a major
_ltIjjidanE-00149-00038472-00038718 financial center the city serves as the
_ltIjjidanE-00150-00038719-00038918 primary entry and departure point for
_ltIjjidanE-00151-00038919-00039135 most tourists visiting tanzania
_ltIjjidanE-00152-00039136-00039343 including safari parks and the islands
_ltIjjidanE-00153-00039344-00039799 of anuja and pemba
_ltIjjidanE-00154-00039800-00040046 to discover more about tanzanian culture
_ltIjjidanE-00155-00040047-00040262 pay a visit to the national museum and
_ltIjjidanE-00156-00040263-00040535 palace of culture from fossils and bones
_ltIjjidanE-00157-00040536-00040743 to carvings and statues the national
_ltIjjidanE-00158-00040744-00040935 museum and house of culture houses a
_ltIjjidanE-00159-00040936-00041151 diverse collection it also has a
_ltIjjidanE-00160-00041152-00041335 collection of artifacts from the slave
_ltIjjidanE-00161-00041336-00041551 trade and colonization as well as
_ltIjjidanE-00162-00041552-00041727 several cars owned by the country's
_ltIjjidanE-00163-00041728-00041983 first president
_ltIjjidanE-00164-00041984-00042167 the open air village museum has
_ltIjjidanE-00165-00042168-00042399 recreated the traditional residences of
_ltIjjidanE-00166-00042400-00042655 local and other tanzanian tribes as well
_ltIjjidanE-00167-00042656-00042967 as hosting tribal dancing
_ltIjjidanE-00168-00042968-00043183 it is a branch of the national museum
_ltIjjidanE-00169-00043184-00043399 which houses displays on tanzanian
_ltIjjidanE-00170-00043400-00043630 history including the fossils of human
_ltIjjidanE-00171-00043631-00043862 progenitors discovered by anthropologist
_ltIjjidanE-00172-00043863-00044118 louis leakey
_ltIjjidanE-00173-00044119-00044423 so paint food metalware glassware
_ltIjjidanE-00174-00044424-00044655 textiles wood carvings and shoes are
_ltIjjidanE-00175-00044656-00045223 examples of local products
_ltIjjidanE-00176-00045224-00045767 government and services
_ltIjjidanE-00177-00045768-00046007 dar east salem is tanzania's largest
_ltIjjidanE-00178-00046008-00046199 metropolis attracting people from
_ltIjjidanE-00179-00046200-00046383 outlying places in search of better
_ltIjjidanE-00180-00046384-00046502 prospects
_ltIjjidanE-00181-00046503-00046718 furthermore the influx of westerners
_ltIjjidanE-00182-00046719-00046895 asians and other foreigners into the
_ltIjjidanE-00183-00046896-00047046 region has prompted appropriate
_ltIjjidanE-00184-00047047-00047286 government organizations to adopt more
_ltIjjidanE-00185-00047287-00047535 comprehensive regulations to accommodate
_ltIjjidanE-00186-00047536-00047718 the region's growing and diversified
_ltIjjidanE-00187-00047719-00048039 population
_ltIjjidanE-00188-00048040-00048399 john iliff a historian said in his 1979
_ltIjjidanE-00189-00048400-00048783 journal of modern history of tanganyika
_ltIjjidanE-00190-00048784-00049118 the town became a municipality in 1949
_ltIjjidanE-00191-00049119-00049311 with four honorably elected town
_ltIjjidanE-00192-00049312-00049567 councillors who elected a mayor dhardi
_ltIjjidanE-00193-00049568-00049774 salem was controlled by the dar east
_ltIjjidanE-00194-00049775-00049974 salem city council the city's main
_ltIjjidanE-00195-00049975-00050607 policy making authority until june 1996.
_ltIjjidanE-00196-00050608-00050807 makonda is the commissioner of the dar
_ltIjjidanE-00197-00050808-00051463 east salon region as of 2017.
_ltIjjidanE-00198-00051464-00052014 commerce
_ltIjjidanE-00199-00052015-00052214 dar-e-salam is one of the fastest
_ltIjjidanE-00200-00052215-00052390 developing cities in the area in the
_ltIjjidanE-00201-00052391-00052599 world and it is expected to shape
_ltIjjidanE-00202-00052600-00052942 tanzania's urban destiny
_ltIjjidanE-00203-00052944-00053223 dhardi salem tanzania's previous capital
_ltIjjidanE-00204-00053224-00053423 city retains its significance because
_ltIjjidanE-00205-00053424-00053599 the majority of the government offices
_ltIjjidanE-00206-00053600-00053854 were based here however the entire
_ltIjjidanE-00207-00053855-00054038 process of completely relocating
_ltIjjidanE-00208-00054039-00054287 government offices to dedoma the current
_ltIjjidanE-00209-00054288-00054494 capital city may have an impact on the
_ltIjjidanE-00210-00054495-00054711 dynamics of dardis salem in the near
_ltIjjidanE-00211-00054712-00054999 future nevertheless it is tanzania's
_ltIjjidanE-00212-00055000-00055247 primary economic and commercial hub and
_ltIjjidanE-00213-00055248-00055471 it is anticipated to become a mega city
_ltIjjidanE-00214-00055472-00055823 by 2030.
_ltIjjidanE-00215-00055824-00056030 the city's expansion is characterized by
_ltIjjidanE-00216-00056032-00056230 both natural growth and a high rate of
_ltIjjidanE-00217-00056232-00056447 migration its industrial area
_ltIjjidanE-00218-00056448-00056630 manufactures goods for export and
_ltIjjidanE-00219-00056632-00056791 domestic usage
_ltIjjidanE-00220-00056791-00056991 dardy's salem like any expanding
_ltIjjidanE-00221-00056991-00057191 metropolis attracts villagers looking
_ltIjjidanE-00222-00057191-00057430 for better possibilities in comparison
_ltIjjidanE-00223-00057432-00057679 to other parts of tanzania the city has
_ltIjjidanE-00224-00057679-00057879 a high concentration of trade other
_ltIjjidanE-00225-00057879-00058054 services and industry
_ltIjjidanE-00226-00058055-00058271 doherty salom was the center of colonial
_ltIjjidanE-00227-00058272-00058454 administration and the principal point
_ltIjjidanE-00228-00058455-00058638 of contact between the agricultural
_ltIjjidanE-00229-00058639-00058863 mainland and the world of trade and
_ltIjjidanE-00230-00058864-00059038 business in the indian ocean
_ltIjjidanE-00231-00059039-00059238 and the swahili coast during german
_ltIjjidanE-00232-00059239-00059519 colonization in the early 20th century
_ltIjjidanE-00233-00059520-00059719 the dar east salem central business
_ltIjjidanE-00234-00059720-00059911 district is tanzania's largest
_ltIjjidanE-00235-00059912-00060215 encompassing the kasutu kivukoni upanga
_ltIjjidanE-00236-00060216-00060519 and karyakyu neighborhoods
_ltIjjidanE-00237-00060520-00060703 the city center is in the district of
_ltIjjidanE-00238-00060704-00061015 alala the bank of tanzania the dar east
_ltIjjidanE-00239-00061016-00061215 salem stock exchange and the city's
_ltIjjidanE-00240-00061216-00061423 important matagoni fish market are all
_ltIjjidanE-00241-00061424-00061911 located in kivukoni
_ltIjjidanE-00242-00061912-00062230 the dar east salem stock exchange dsc is
_ltIjjidanE-00243-00062232-00062526 tanzania's first stock exchange kisuju
_ltIjjidanE-00244-00062527-00062742 is home to businesses and offices as
_ltIjjidanE-00245-00062744-00062926 well as the dar east salem central
_ltIjjidanE-00246-00062927-00063199 railway station the pspf towers and the
_ltIjjidanE-00247-00063200-00063703 tpa tower
_ltIjjidanE-00248-00063704-00064015 the pspf twin towers at 35 floors are
_ltIjjidanE-00249-00064016-00064199 the cities and country's second highest
_ltIjjidanE-00250-00064200-00064430 structures
_ltIjjidanE-00251-00064432-00064671 the mlamani city shopping mall the city
_ltIjjidanE-00252-00064672-00064894 mall in the kasudu district the quality
_ltIjjidanE-00253-00064895-00065247 center mall gsm pube shopping mall gsm m
_ltIjjidanE-00254-00065248-00065454 sassani mall and the dar free market
_ltIjjidanE-00255-00065455-00066063 mall are all located in dart east salem
_ltIjjidanE-00256-00066064-00066378 transportation
_ltIjjidanE-00257-00066379-00066647 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00258-00066648-00066855 tanzania's government has made improving
_ltIjjidanE-00259-00066856-00067047 transportation infrastructure a top
_ltIjjidanE-00260-00067048-00067311 priority improving the infrastructure of
_ltIjjidanE-00261-00067312-00067526 the country's roads ports trains and
_ltIjjidanE-00262-00067527-00067711 airports is vital for the country's
_ltIjjidanE-00263-00067712-00067943 internal and external trade and economic
_ltIjjidanE-00264-00067944-00068055 activity
_ltIjjidanE-00265-00068056-00068271 furthermore as tanzania aspires to
_ltIjjidanE-00266-00068272-00068479 become a middle-income country the
_ltIjjidanE-00267-00068480-00068631 sector's future development is
_ltIjjidanE-00268-00068632-00068831 inextricably linked to advancements in
_ltIjjidanE-00269-00068832-00069223 the energy sector
_ltIjjidanE-00270-00069224-00069406 tanzania's rail routes are important
_ltIjjidanE-00271-00069407-00069606 conduits for bulk freight in the region
_ltIjjidanE-00272-00069607-00069847 because they relieve road congestion the
_ltIjjidanE-00273-00069848-00070103 tanzania railway limited trl and the
_ltIjjidanE-00274-00070104-00070415 tanzania zambia railway authority tazara
_ltIjjidanE-00275-00070416-00070606 operate the rail system which has a
_ltIjjidanE-00276-00070607-00070819 total track length of
_ltIjjidanE-00277-00070820-00071343 3676 kilometers
_ltIjjidanE-00278-00071344-00071543 the railways link the port of dar east
_ltIjjidanE-00279-00071544-00071711 salon to the neighboring countries of
_ltIjjidanE-00280-00071712-00072087 burundi the drc malawi rwanda uganda and
_ltIjjidanE-00281-00072088-00072199 zambia
_ltIjjidanE-00282-00072200-00072438 dhardi's solemn seaport is the country's
_ltIjjidanE-00283-00072439-00072687 largest and busiest managing nearly all
_ltIjjidanE-00284-00072688-00072975 of tanzania's international trade malawi
_ltIjjidanE-00285-00072976-00073223 zambia the democratic republic of congo
_ltIjjidanE-00286-00073224-00073479 burundi rwanda and uganda are among the
_ltIjjidanE-00287-00073480-00073735 landlocked countries served by the port
_ltIjjidanE-00288-00073736-00073991 m ones on lake victoria and kigoma on
_ltIjjidanE-00289-00073992-00074182 lake tanganyika are two of the most
_ltIjjidanE-00290-00074183-00074343 important lake ports
_ltIjjidanE-00291-00074344-00074606 tanzania port's authority tpa is in
_ltIjjidanE-00292-00074607-00074775 charge of both the seaports and the
_ltIjjidanE-00293-00074776-00074955 inland lake ports
_ltIjjidanE-00294-00074956-00075287 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00295-00075288-00075462 in addition the country has four
_ltIjjidanE-00296-00075463-00075759 international airports darby salem jane
_ltIjjidanE-00297-00075760-00076143 ayah kilimanjaro kia zanzibar zia and
_ltIjjidanE-00298-00076144-00076359 nwanza mwz
_ltIjjidanE-00299-00076360-00076606 tanzania's largest and busiest airport
_ltIjjidanE-00300-00076607-00076847 the dardy salem airport commonly known
_ltIjjidanE-00301-00076848-00077111 as julius nyerer international airport
_ltIjjidanE-00302-00077112-00077935 had 21 airlines operating as of 2016.
_ltIjjidanE-00303-00077936-00078447 education
_ltIjjidanE-00304-00078448-00078615 dart east salem has the highest
_ltIjjidanE-00305-00078616-00078799 percentage of learning opportunities in
_ltIjjidanE-00306-00078800-00079062 tanzania and the city is home to various
_ltIjjidanE-00307-00079063-00079382 universities
_ltIjjidanE-00308-00079383-00079591 after the institution of dodoma the
_ltIjjidanE-00309-00079592-00079782 university of dar east salem is
_ltIjjidanE-00310-00079783-00079999 tanzania's oldest and second largest
_ltIjjidanE-00311-00080000-00080150 public university
_ltIjjidanE-00312-00080151-00080431 it is situated on observation hill 13
_ltIjjidanE-00313-00080432-00080638 kilometers eight miles from the city
_ltIjjidanE-00314-00080639-00080823 center in the western section of the
_ltIjjidanE-00315-00080824-00081138 city in northeast ubungo and covers
_ltIjjidanE-00316-00081139-00081582 1625 acres 6.58 kilometers squared the
_ltIjjidanE-00317-00081583-00081775 old university college of lands and
_ltIjjidanE-00318-00081776-00082015 architectural studies aklas which was
_ltIjjidanE-00319-00082016-00082182 then the constituent college of the
_ltIjjidanE-00320-00082183-00082367 university of dar east salem was
_ltIjjidanE-00321-00082368-00082631 transformed into art high university eru
_ltIjjidanE-00322-00082632-00082903 on july 1 1996
_ltIjjidanE-00323-00082904-00083206 art high university was founded in 1956
_ltIjjidanE-00324-00083207-00083391 as the surveying training school which
_ltIjjidanE-00325-00083392-00083550 offered land surveying technician
_ltIjjidanE-00326-00083551-00083694 certificate studies in the current
_ltIjjidanE-00327-00083695-00083935 embiilani salvation army camp in dardee
_ltIjjidanE-00328-00083936-00084199 salem the school was relocated to its
_ltIjjidanE-00329-00084200-00084569 current site on observation hill in 1958
_ltIjjidanE-00330-00084570-00084959 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00331-00084960-00085135 thank you for watching if there are any
_ltIjjidanE-00332-00085136-00085287 tips you think should be on this list
_ltIjjidanE-00333-00085288-00085550 but is not leave a comment let us know
_ltIjjidanE-00334-00085551-00085775 help our channel grow we hope this video
_ltIjjidanE-00335-00085776-00086006 has been helpful to you support us by
_ltIjjidanE-00336-00086007-00086231 liking the video subscribing and turning
_ltIjjidanE-00337-00086232-00086422 on your notification
_ltIjjidanE-00338-00086423-00089103 [Music]
_ltIjjidanE-00339-00089104-00089312 you
_mIzkGScRny-00002-00023072-00023279 you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00000-00000295-00000676 so before the break we had a quick
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00001-00000677-00000815 discussion
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00002-00000816-00000983 before the break we had a quick level
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00003-00000984-00001361 discussion about how to approach this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00004-00001362-00001618 subject or how rather are we going to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00005-00001619-00001907 approach this subject and now let's take
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00006-00001907-00002110 this to the next level so now what we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00007-00002111-00002321 are going to start guys
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00008-00002322-00002621 is going to be
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00009-00002622-00002873 the next level knowledge that you should
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00010-00002874-00003133 have before starting this subject
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00011-00003134-00003599 unfortunately we get so much uh focused
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00012-00003600-00003881 on just ratifying the formulas or just
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00013-00003882-00004067 doing the sums that we are not even
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00014-00004068-00004409 aware of basic things of financial
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00015-00004410-00004756 market so now in the next one hour I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00016-00004757-00004925 want full attention from your end
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00017-00004926-00005219 because it is you who is going to tell
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00018-00005220-00005554 me and I who is going to listen to you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00019-00005555-00005854 but sir we don't know anything about FM
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00020-00005855-00006131 do you have common sense all I need is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00021-00006132-00006359 that that's it so what am I going to do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00022-00006360-00006731 now in the next one are and that is we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00023-00006731-00007177 are going to understand understanding of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00024-00007178-00007523 Global Financial Market we are going to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00025-00007523-00007913 link the Global Financial Market
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00026-00007914-00008410 with the Indian context with the Indian
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00027-00008411-00008651 context so let me first things first let
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00028-00008652-00008814 me ask you a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00029-00008815-00009107 a simple question
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00030-00009108-00009431 is Indian economy concerned with the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00031-00009432-00009719 Global Financial Market
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00032-00009720-00009977 are we concerned with global Finance by
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00033-00009978-00010363 any chance the answer is but obvious yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00034-00010364-00010631 everybody in today's scenario is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00035-00010632-00010937 interconnected in fact a lot of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00036-00010938-00011219 financial products which India has like
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00037-00011220-00011514 the derivatives the forwards the Futures
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00038-00011515-00011855 is was developed by the developed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00039-00011856-00012155 countries and then developing countries
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00040-00012156-00012383 like India has adopted it just few years
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00041-00012384-00012503 before
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00042-00012504-00012760 so definitely the Global Financial
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00043-00012761-00013008 Market impacts
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00044-00013009-00013258 all the economies including India
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00045-00013259-00013457 including the Asian countries the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00046-00013458-00013703 Japan's the the China the United States
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00047-00013704-00013979 of America in fact it is said that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00048-00013980-00014399 whenever China sneezes the whole world
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00049-00014400-00014855 gets a cold flu so China sneezes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00050-00014856-00015125 obviously it is not feeling well it will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00051-00015126-00015358 affect the whole world yes do you know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00052-00015359-00015803 why uh globally dollar is taken as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00053-00015804-00015922 benchmark
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00054-00015923-00016211 currency will understand it when we do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00055-00016212-00016750 the Forex thing but
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00056-00016751-00017080 but but let's now first things first
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00057-00017081-00017279 understand and connect the Global
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00058-00017280-00017597 Financial market with the Indian economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00059-00017598-00017735 and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00060-00017736-00018029 see how it is going to impact us so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00061-00018030-00018383 first I am going to speak of one of my
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00062-00018384-00018636 favorite countries and that is Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00063-00018637-00019193 what a super natural superpower this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00064-00019194-00019571 whole uh country of Japan is don't you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00065-00019572-00019967 agree yes just imagine World War II in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00066-00019968-00020530 the 1940s Japan was destroyed by United
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00067-00020531-00020789 States of America because of the bombing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00068-00020790-00021061 that they did on Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00069-00021062-00021593 Hiroshima and Nagasaki was in ashes and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00070-00021594-00021785 Hiroshima and agasaki were most
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00071-00021786-00022163 important industrial centers of Japan of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00072-00022164-00022450 Japanese economy but it was shattered in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00073-00022451-00022878 the year 1940s Japanese people did not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00074-00022879-00023267 got bogged down by that and in fact they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00075-00023268-00023627 came even strongly and in the 1960 they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00076-00023628-00023843 turned around and ensured thought that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00077-00023844-00024149 they are one of the best countries to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00078-00024150-00024455 get back after a setback just imagine a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00079-00024456-00024550 country
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00080-00024551-00024880 destroyed in the 1940s and in 1960s
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00081-00024881-00025228 itself they started growing at a rapid
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00082-00025229-00025678 place of 10 12 percent per year
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00083-00025679-00025931 a country even growing at a four to five
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00084-00025932-00026122 percent is considered as very good
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00085-00026123-00026501 imagine Japan in 1960s growed at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00086-00026502-00026968 12 10 year on year in 1960s they had
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00087-00026969-00027202 something called as bullet trains they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00088-00027204-00027395 showed the whole world how strategic
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00089-00027395-00027670 cost management works how to make best
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00090-00027672-00027911 quality products at cheapest price yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00091-00027912-00028096 they were the people who were so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00092-00028097-00028343 Innovative that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00093-00028344-00028607 you know the whole world even looks up
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00094-00028608-00028829 to them and learns from them
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00095-00028830-00029087 now why am I speaking of Japan because
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00096-00029088-00029381 Japanese economy has gone through a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00097-00029382-00029579 pretty interesting phase and will not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00098-00029580-00029801 believe it but just listen to me and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00099-00029802-00029974 please don't open your Google or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00100-00029975-00030220 anything just give whatever comes from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00101-00030222-00030401 your heart I know you have no knowledge
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00102-00030402-00030670 just give answers from your heart okay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00103-00030672-00030901 now obviously we all know Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00104-00030902-00031187 economy is world's third largest economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00105-00031188-00031558 by GDP third largest USA then comes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00106-00031560-00031817 China and then comes Japan do you know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00107-00031818-00032045 how much is the square meter area of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00108-00032045-00032290 Japan it is equivalent to a state of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00109-00032291-00032464 Rajasthan in India
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00110-00032466-00032783 in India the state of Rajasthan whatever
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00111-00032784-00033161 area it has that is that small is what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00112-00033162-00033431 Japan is but look at the impact it has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00113-00033432-00033761 on the world economics that it is one of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00114-00033762-00034151 the biggest exporters and wow
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00115-00034152-00034474 third biggest economy in the world
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00116-00034475-00034931 this economy in the year 1980s was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00117-00034932-00035293 almost on the verge of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00118-00035294-00035645 overcoming overtaking United States of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00119-00035646-00036046 America yes in the year 1980s Japan was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00120-00036047-00036401 on the verge of overtaking United States
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00121-00036402-00036593 of America
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00122-00036594-00036967 in the year 1985 or so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00123-00036968-00037411 Japan's economy was approximately dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00124-00037412-00037721 4.7 trillion let me tell you the numbers
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00125-00037722-00038009 will vary year and then don't take so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00126-00038010-00038309 exact it was this much no approximation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00127-00038310-00038435 my numbers will always be in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00128-00038436-00038615 approximation until unless we are doing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00129-00038616-00038801 a sum where I take the exact month but
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00130-00038802-00039161 here approximately in the year 1985 the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00131-00039162-00039352 Japanese economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00132-00039353-00039574 had a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00133-00039575-00039995 say GDP of 4.7 trillion in 1985 on the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00134-00039996-00040283 verge of overcoming USA can you imagine
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00135-00040284-00040768 in the year 2022 what this figure will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00136-00040769-00040949 be Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00137-00040950-00041296 the Innovative country of the world
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00138-00041297-00041573 the place where bullet train started in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00139-00041574-00042029 1960s we are in 2025 and still we don't
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00140-00042030-00042215 know where whether it will start in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00141-00042216-00042383 India or not or when it will start in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00142-00042384-00042640 India or not now I want an answer from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00143-00042641-00042739 your end
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00144-00042740-00043109 1985 the Japanese economy was 2 4.7
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00145-00043110-00043367 trillion give me an approximation what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00146-00043368-00043817 do you feel would be Japan's GDP
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00147-00043818-00044243 as of date
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00148-00044244-00046207 foreign
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00149-00046208-00046630 has told okay I'll not reveal the answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00150-00046631-00047477 let others think and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00151-00047478-00048551 Ah that's like my boy darshan solanki
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00152-00048552-00048779 others come on everybody has to answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00153-00048780-00048977 here see if it is not going to be a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00154-00048978-00049145 two-way communication
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00155-00049146-00049439 things will not work well so everybody
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00156-00049440-00049840 has to answer I'm waiting come on
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00157-00049841-00050512 very nice Manisha viji
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00158-00050513-00050818 padmavati good answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00159-00050819-00051990 others
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00160-00051991-00052402 very good Sai Puja
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00161-00052403-00053766 foreign
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00162-00053767-00054065 the obvious answer was Sir it will be at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00163-00054066-00054353 least 25 trillion and above but the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00164-00054354-00054563 first three answers that I got from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00165-00054564-00054803 Chetan from SD Siddharth from megha
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00166-00054804-00054904 Lakshmi
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00167-00054905-00055171 I don't understand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00168-00055172-00055649 1985 which is what suppose 35 years back
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00169-00055650-00055985 your economy was 4.7 trillion and they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00170-00055986-00056147 have given me an answer that according
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00171-00056148-00056387 to them it will be 5 trillion five
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00172-00056388-00056644 dollar trillion in 22. so in 35 years
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00173-00056645-00056891 there is no growth so that definitely
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00174-00056891-00057029 means that they are looking at Google
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00175-00057029-00057203 and answering there then it is not going
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00176-00057204-00057413 to make sense yes then don't answer at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00177-00057414-00057616 all and then it's no point than me
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00178-00057617-00057838 discussing with you but thankfully we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00179-00057839-00058085 had some sensible answers we had darshan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00180-00058086-00058325 solanki answering that 50 trillion we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00181-00058326-00058637 had someone with answering 52 60
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00182-00058638-00058954 trillion we had a Sai Puja who was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00183-00058955-00059332 answering a 80 to 100 trillion very nice
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00184-00059333-00059566 we had a Manisha of easy answering 125
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00185-00059567-00059903 trillion so on and so forth now let me
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00186-00059904-00060347 tell you the answer even as of now the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00187-00060348-00060844 Japanese economy is still is still stuck
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00188-00060845-00061366 up at Dollar 4.7 trillion would you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00189-00061367-00061480 believe it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00190-00061482-00061685 and the immediate answer that you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00191-00061686-00061954 going to feel is what what what yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00192-00061955-00062200 again I'm telling you this number may be
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00193-00062201-00062471 a 5 trillion 5.5 trillion you're in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00194-00062472-00062830 there but approximately Japanese economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00195-00062832-00063232 is still what it was three decades back
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00196-00063233-00063665 yes three decades back
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00197-00063666-00063965 that's strange that's super duper
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00198-00063966-00064849 strange that's how it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00199-00064850-00065266 absolute case of a stagnation of economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00200-00065267-00065513 absolute case of a stagnation of economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00201-00065514-00065891 now my question to you is why has this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00202-00065892-00066059 happened there are a few people who have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00203-00066060-00066293 answered it correctly let me then ask
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00204-00066294-00066515 them SD Siddharth says sir economy is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00205-00066516-00066671 stagnated for past two decade so you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00206-00066672-00066869 would know why it has stagnated let me
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00207-00066870-00067169 ask them would you want to know why has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00208-00067170-00067444 this happened a economy as good as Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00209-00067445-00067715 has not been able to grow in the last
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00210-00067716-00068093 three decades any idea megha Lakshmi
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00211-00068094-00068338 says pandemic oh Madam pandemic has just
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00212-00068339-00068849 come in the year 2020. so 1985 to 9 2020
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00213-00068850-00069155 there was no pandemic at pandemic from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00214-00069156-00069376 three years it can get stagnated what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00215-00069377-00069605 for 35 years I will get to get stagnated
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00216-00069606-00069953 uh because of pandemic
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00217-00069954-00070109 strange
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00218-00070110-00070355 Chetan HR says they had achieved a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00219-00070356-00070619 saturation Point absolutely not caitan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00220-00070620-00070769 how do you reach a saturation Point
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00221-00070770-00071044 suppose if I am developing good quality
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00222-00071045-00071261 products then I will export it to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00223-00071262-00071453 whole world and if I am exporting it to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00224-00071454-00071603 the whole world there is no place of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00225-00071604-00071837 saturation Japanese always been an
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00226-00071838-00072076 exporter so if there is an export that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00227-00072077-00072238 is going to go there is no need of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00228-00072239-00072665 signation at all
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00229-00072666-00072893 their GNP is higher because they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00230-00072894-00073150 consider gross border value absolutely
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00231-00073151-00073463 not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00232-00073464-00073744 aging population
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00233-00073745-00073997 yes that is there Siddharth is looking
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00234-00073998-00074206 at Google and answering he does not know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00235-00074207-00074381 the real reason but he's at least
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00236-00074382-00074587 Googling and answering good
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00237-00074588-00074819 that Japan is lacking in young
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00238-00074820-00075047 population that is true but that is as
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00239-00075048-00075413 of date what happened from 1985 to 1995
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00240-00075414-00075635 the population was young still it they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00241-00075636-00076193 did not group
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00242-00076194-00076487 SD Siddharth my boy stop answering from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00243-00076488-00076811 now because you are just looking at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00244-00076812-00077021 things and answering he doesn't know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00245-00077022-00077249 anything but okay you will Google he'll
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00246-00077250-00077435 see okay this is the answer I'll answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00247-00077436-00077573 this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00248-00077574-00077747 now I'll tell you would you want to know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00249-00077748-00078250 why has this happened
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00250-00078251-00078467 would you want to know why this has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00251-00078468-00078700 happened why the whole stagnation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00252-00078701-00079000 I'll give you an idea pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00253-00079001-00079282 was there a recession
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00254-00079283-00079619 recession is a very small word
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00255-00079620-00079817 what happened is now what we are going
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00256-00079818-00079991 to understand and then we'll connect a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00257-00079992-00080321 lot of other things pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00258-00080322-00080987 so what happened in Japan is this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00259-00080988-00081299 okay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00260-00081300-00081497 see ya pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00261-00081498-00081826 in the so I am going to discuss with you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00262-00081827-00082138 two economies one is Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00263-00082139-00082337 another economy that I am going to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00264-00082338-00082582 discuss about is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00265-00082583-00082817 correct another economy that I'm going
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00266-00082818-00083141 to discuss about is Zimbabwe you would
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00267-00083142-00083273 know about it you would have heard about
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00268-00083274-00083561 it and then I am going to connect you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00269-00083562-00083993 with something which is going to make
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00270-00083994-00084341 you believe that yes share market and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00271-00084342-00084605 stock market is what now you should
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00272-00084606-00084743 think of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00273-00084744-00085091 so so we'll start so in the year 1970s
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00274-00085092-00085271 I'll not get into the very in-depth
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00275-00085272-00085444 things but I'll just give you an idea of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00276-00085445-00085667 why did this stagnation happen in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00277-00085668-00086194 year 1970
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00278-00086195-00086465 yeah what happened in the 1970s is that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00279-00086466-00086609 the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00280-00086610-00086962 Gulf countries whose Supply the gulf
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00281-00086963-00087221 countries all of us know Saudi Arabia
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00282-00087222-00087425 and all of those Gulf countries they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00283-00087426-00087905 Supply oil they Supply oil to the whole
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00284-00087906-00088144 world crude oil is imported to buy the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00285-00088145-00088594 whole world including Japan and Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00286-00088595-00089065 also Imports Japan also Imports
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00287-00089066-00089238 approximately
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00288-00089239-00089626 95 percent of its crude oil requirements
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00289-00089627-00089909 from Gulf countries so Japan also
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00290-00089910-00090287 Imports 95 percent of its crude oil from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00291-00090288-00090655 the Gulf countries now what happened in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00292-00090656-00090991 1970 was that these Gulf countries
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00293-00090992-00091432 started increasing the oil price so say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00294-00091433-00091649 for example if the joy oil price was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00295-00091650-00091931 dollar five per barrel they increased it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00296-00091932-00092267 to Dollar 15 per barrel now if this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00297-00092268-00092488 happens tell me what will happen to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00298-00092489-00092621 Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00299-00092622-00092759 production
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00300-00092760-00092909 what will happen to the Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00301-00092910-00093203 production cost can I say if you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00302-00093204-00093515 importing oil you will use that oil in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00303-00093516-00093773 the production correct and if you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00304-00093774-00093982 using that oil in production definitely
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00305-00093983-00094259 the cost of production will increase big
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00306-00094260-00094438 time why will the cost of production
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00307-00094439-00094679 increase because see oil is used in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00308-00094680-00094900 transportation every business requires
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00309-00094901-00095117 Transportation oil is used in producing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00310-00095118-00095393 products in Machinery all of that you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00311-00095394-00095603 require oil and if without oil you'll
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00312-00095604-00095831 not be able to produce anything so if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00313-00095832-00096287 your oil requirements or oil costing has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00314-00096288-00096568 increased three times can I say the cost
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00315-00096569-00096994 of production will also increase and yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00316-00096995-00097349 it did increase in Japan and it did
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00317-00097350-00097571 increase approximately two to three
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00318-00097572-00097776 times say two times the Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00319-00097777-00098182 production cost of production increased
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00320-00098183-00098441 now this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00321-00098442-00098759 yes now this as a result of this what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00322-00098760-00099076 happened was as a result of this a lot
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00323-00099077-00099517 of inflation started happening in Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00324-00099518-00099791 a lot of inflation started happening why
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00325-00099792-00100024 what is inflation can I say increase in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00326-00100025-00100271 the prices of goods and services so in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00327-00100272-00100487 Japan what happened was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00328-00100488-00100765 in Japan because the cost of production
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00329-00100766-00101044 increased the inflation started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00330-00101045-00101387 increasing and as a result of this Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00331-00101388-00101687 being a net exporter was not able to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00332-00101688-00101932 export more you know why they were not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00333-00101933-00102179 able to export because of this reason
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00334-00102180-00102503 see now suppose if USA or any other
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00335-00102504-00102827 country other country is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00336-00102828-00103210 other country is importing from Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00337-00103211-00103439 right Japan is an exporter they are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00338-00103440-00103708 importing till now Japan was importing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00339-00103709-00104039 to them at Dollar 100 per unit now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00340-00104040-00104260 because of the oil increase can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00341-00104261-00104458 Japan will now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00342-00104459-00104740 export at Dollar 150 per unit because
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00343-00104741-00104921 Japan's cost of production is increased
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00344-00104922-00105184 as the result its sales price will also
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00345-00105185-00105466 increase and now tell me if you are a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00346-00105467-00105652 United States of America or you are some
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00347-00105653-00105899 other country so far you are importing a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00348-00105900-00106175 dollar hundred now will you import a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00349-00106176-00106331 dollar 150 or you will look for
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00350-00106332-00106540 Alternatives you will import at dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00351-00106541-00106757 fifty or you will look for Alternatives
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00352-00106758-00106858 definitely you will look for
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00353-00106859-00107081 Alternatives because who will accept a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00354-00107082-00107327 50 percent increase in the cost yeah who
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00355-00107328-00107681 will accept a 50 increase in cost of my
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00356-00107682-00107981 imports so that is where other countries
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00357-00107982-00108215 were started the these USA and other
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00358-00108216-00108358 countries looking started looking for
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00359-00108359-00108563 Alternatives now Japan government
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00360-00108564-00108833 realized this that people that other
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00361-00108833-00109007 countries are looking for Alternatives
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00362-00109008-00109271 Japan don't want to lose their export
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00363-00109272-00109504 benefits they want to export as much as
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00364-00109505-00109763 possible so now government interfered
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00365-00109764-00109931 and government said that okay don't
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00366-00109932-00110128 worry don't worry don't worry what we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00367-00110129-00110375 will do is we will help the businesses
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00368-00110376-00110657 we will help the businesses but how can
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00369-00110658-00110860 a government help businesses government
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00370-00110861-00111071 how can a governmental businesses by
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00371-00111072-00111383 giving loans by giving loans now how
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00372-00111383-00111581 does a government
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00373-00111582-00111845 help a business by giving a loan by
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00374-00111846-00112421 reducing by reducing the interest rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00375-00112422-00112883 by reducing the interest rates so what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00376-00112883-00113134 did Japanese government do reduce the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00377-00113135-00113308 interest rate so how much did they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00378-00113309-00113560 reduce they almost reduce the interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00379-00113561-00113927 rate say from five percent to one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00380-00113928-00114407 percent now tell me if if the rate of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00381-00114408-00114808 interest is lowered will you take the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00382-00114809-00115007 loans or you will not take the loads a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00383-00115008-00115325 logical question I'm asking you if the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00384-00115326-00115625 rate of interest is lowered in Market
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00385-00115626-00115810 the loans were available for five
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00386-00115811-00116027 percent but now the loans are available
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00387-00116028-00116278 at one percent interest will you take
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00388-00116279-00117263 the loan or you will not take the loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00389-00117264-00117478 can I say you will rush to take the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00390-00117479-00117773 loads and this is what Japanese people
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00391-00117774-00118193 started doing they rushed to take loans
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00392-00118194-00118357 they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00393-00118358-00118763 rushed to take the loans now when they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00394-00118764-00118919 rush to take the loans do you know what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00395-00118920-00119158 did they do why did government of Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00396-00119159-00119404 reduce the interest rate so that they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00397-00119405-00119854 could compensate the uh businesses for
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00398-00119855-00120040 the increasing cost of production on
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00399-00120041-00120281 account of oil that is why the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00400-00120282-00120502 government reduced the interest rate so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00401-00120503-00120616 that they could compensate the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00402-00120617-00120827 businesses why so that by cost of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00403-00120828-00120977 production is increasing on account of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00404-00120978-00121193 oil at least reduce the interest rate so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00405-00121194-00121366 that it would be compensated and again
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00406-00121367-00121619 the overall cost would remain at Dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00407-00121620-00121786 hundred and people will purchase from
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00408-00121788-00122093 the panel that was the intention but it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00409-00122094-00122339 turned out the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00410-00122340-00122608 other way around Japanese people started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00411-00122609-00122915 taking loans and started investing in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00412-00122916-00123197 real estate because at that point in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00413-00123198-00123473 time the real estate market specially
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00414-00123474-00123869 places like Tokyo were at their Peak
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00415-00123870-00124115 were at their Peak so people started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00416-00124116-00124373 thinking let's take loans invest in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00417-00124374-00124583 real estate market the real estate will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00418-00124583-00124810 grow we will be able to earn a lot of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00419-00124811-00125045 money and that is where say for example
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00420-00125046-00125266 Mr sankalp let's take an example of Mr
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00421-00125267-00125543 sankalp Mr sankal thought
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00422-00125544-00125819 Let's Take a Load say I'll take a loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00423-00125820-00126119 of say uh how much say 15 lakh rupees
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00424-00126120-00126454 I'll take a loan and from that loan I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00425-00126455-00126839 will purchase a real estate property
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00426-00126840-00127015 and and and and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00427-00127016-00127493 now can I say 80 percent property is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00428-00127494-00127925 financed 80 proper person is of loan is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00429-00127926-00128152 financed by them and I want it in loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00430-00128153-00128345 only because the loan rate is only one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00431-00128346-00128549 percent so I am very much interested in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00432-00128550-00128845 taking this loan so I have taken a loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00433-00128846-00129197 as sankalp is taking a load can I say it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00434-00129198-00129419 is a no-brainer everybody else in Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00435-00129420-00129628 will also start doing it because they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00436-00129629-00129857 are getting loan at a cheaper cost and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00437-00129858-00129995 they will start building their real
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00438-00129996-00130204 estate properties as a result of this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00439-00130205-00130445 the demand for Real Estate shot up shot
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00440-00130446-00130751 up immediately and this 15 lakh became
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00441-00130752-00131183 rupees 45 lakh in no time this 15 lakh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00442-00131184-00131549 became 45 lakh in no time and as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00443-00131550-00131837 result as a result of this this 15 lakh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00444-00131838-00132161 become 45 lakh and as a result I started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00445-00132162-00132407 taking more loans I started taking more
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00446-00132408-00132707 loans why now imagine no I have taken a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00447-00132708-00132916 loan the value of the property has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00448-00132917-00133169 increased three times will I not be
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00449-00133170-00133421 interested to invest more in this kind
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00450-00133422-00133666 of investment like a real estate it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00451-00133667-00133864 moving in no time it has given me three
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00452-00133865-00134104 times returns so I will take more loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00453-00134105-00134285 and I will try to invest more in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00454-00134286-00134657 property and that is where uh asset
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00455-00134658-00135083 bubble was created in Japan such that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00456-00135084-00135449 even after 35 years they are not able to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00457-00135450-00135677 get back to the real estate prices that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00458-00135678-00135952 were there in the year 1985 because now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00459-00135953-00136216 a lot of people started taking loan loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00460-00136217-00136547 on loan and as a result of which there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00461-00136548-00136804 was a lot of mod gauge property with the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00462-00136805-00137002 Japanese bank now what will the Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00463-00137003-00137213 Bank do with this mortgage property
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00464-00137214-00137375 because now what has happened a lot of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00465-00137376-00137549 people have taken the loan as a result
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00466-00137550-00137759 the value of property has gone up but it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00467-00137760-00138173 is actually a bubble now people do now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00468-00138174-00138364 now what happened is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00469-00138365-00138701 the Japanese government realized that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00470-00138702-00138916 something is going wrong
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00471-00138917-00139121 Japanese government thought that we had
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00472-00139122-00139402 reduced this to one percent why in order
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00473-00139403-00139637 to give loans to the people so that they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00474-00139638-00139889 can invest it in the business and they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00475-00139890-00140135 can you know have a fair play in terms
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00476-00140136-00140404 of cost but they realize that all of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00477-00140405-00140590 people have started investing in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00478-00140591-00140854 assets the real estate prices have shot
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00479-00140855-00141131 up and then the Japanese government
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00480-00141132-00141335 realized that this is something wrong
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00481-00141336-00141514 what will you do suppose if you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00482-00141515-00141689 Japanese government what will you do can
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00483-00141690-00141916 I say now instead of keeping it will you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00484-00141917-00142097 still keep it at one percent the answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00485-00142098-00142390 is no they reinstated it back to five
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00486-00142391-00142637 percent now when they reinstated it back
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00487-00142638-00142864 to five percent can I say the loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00488-00142865-00143093 become costlier when the loan become
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00489-00143094-00143285 costlier the interest rates become
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00490-00143286-00143489 costlier when the loan becomes costlier
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00491-00143490-00143752 the interest rate becomes costlier and I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00492-00143753-00143902 thought I just have to pay one percent
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00493-00143903-00144221 now I have to pay five percent I do not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00494-00144222-00144443 have enough money to pay that five
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00495-00144444-00144695 percent loan and as a result of this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00496-00144696-00145061 people started default thing in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00497-00145062-00145366 loans people started defaulting in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00498-00145367-00145589 loans as a result of that default
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00499-00145590-00145937 Japanese bank had a lot of mortgage and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00500-00145938-00146351 there was over Supply as a result of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00501-00146352-00146675 this oversupply the value of 45 lakhs
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00502-00146676-00146969 went down to 20 lakhs the value of 20
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00503-00146970-00147173 lakhs went down to 10 lakhs and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00504-00147174-00147425 eventually it even went down to 5 lakhs
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00505-00147426-00147647 so I had proper started purchasing a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00506-00147648-00147899 property at 15 lakh then the value went
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00507-00147900-00148145 to 45 lakh at this point again I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00508-00148146-00148390 purchased a property correct now the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00509-00148391-00148666 value has gone down and down and down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00510-00148667-00148978 because people are defaulting banks have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00511-00148979-00149243 enough of mortgage oversupply and now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00512-00149244-00149501 the interest rate has shot up there is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00513-00149502-00149711 no loans available at a cheap rate and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00514-00149712-00150040 the real estate bubble bursted and this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00515-00150041-00150431 real estate bubble created a hammock in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00516-00150432-00150790 Japanese economy and till now as I told
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00517-00150791-00151066 you they have not been able to the banks
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00518-00151067-00151504 in Japan were in a Shabby State and over
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00519-00151505-00151702 a period of time they started recovering
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00520-00151703-00152123 then came the U.S recession in 2008 they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00521-00152124-00152369 started again they had a negative GDP
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00522-00152370-00152639 then then again because see in recession
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00523-00152640-00153011 in U.S means Japanese exports will stop
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00524-00153012-00153239 because Japanese exports majorly to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00525-00153240-00153473 Japan USA Japanese exports stopped
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00526-00153474-00153664 because of recession so just when they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00527-00153665-00153928 were planning to get back again three
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00528-00153929-00154254 years there was recession in U.S and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00529-00154255-00154661 uh U.S exports got halted again they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00530-00154662-00154804 started to rebuild and then there is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00531-00154805-00155069 this Ukraine War uh Russia Ukraine war
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00532-00155070-00155326 as a result of this the oil prices have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00533-00155327-00155633 shot up again and as a result they are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00534-00155634-00155897 facing issues again
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00535-00155898-00156173 as a result what has happened is they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00536-00156174-00156443 are not able to reach to that level till
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00537-00156444-00156761 now they're almost now probably it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00538-00156762-00156935 seen that because of good government
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00539-00156936-00157228 policies Japan may get back to those
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00540-00157229-00157528 prices in few times
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00541-00157529-00157787 does Japanese people have an issue with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00542-00157788-00158135 working the answer is no if Indians work
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00543-00158136-00158302 for 10 hours the Japanese people are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00544-00158303-00158614 ready to work for 1.5 times 2 times
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00545-00158615-00158837 are they not patriotic they are fully
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00546-00158838-00158987 patriotic
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00547-00158988-00159257 are they not Innovative in their
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00548-00159258-00159461 products boss they introduced in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00549-00159462-00159689 year 1960 they introduced the concept of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00550-00159690-00160114 bullet trains but one big issue of not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00551-00160115-00160457 managing your financial policy properly
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00552-00160458-00160831 has resulted in Japanese
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00553-00160832-00161147 economy going to backstep for
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00554-00161148-00161507 approximately three big decades which
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00555-00161508-00161704 you believe it do you realize the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00556-00161705-00162126 importance of framing a proper financial
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00557-00162127-00162461 policy do you realize the importance of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00558-00162462-00162814 framing a proper financial policy yes or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00559-00162815-00163097 no yes or no everybody yes and this is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00560-00163098-00163343 where who was the Finance Minister then
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00561-00163344-00163619 ah see it is easier to say but it is not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00562-00163620-00163823 the Finance Minister only the monetary
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00563-00163824-00163997 policy and see their intention was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00564-00163998-00164225 positive their intention was bona fide
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00565-00164226-00164543 it is the people who took it with some
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00566-00164544-00164861 other intention and who knew that this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00567-00164862-00165089 was going to happen here who knew this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00568-00165090-00165316 is going to happen again there is a lot
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00569-00165317-00165551 more detailing into all of this asset
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00570-00165552-00165701 bubble thing I've just given you a small
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00571-00165702-00166097 gist but this is what happened primarily
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00572-00166098-00166354 let's take one more example of another
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00573-00166355-00166726 economy called as Zimbabwe I have one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00574-00166727-00166937 question to each one of you I have one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00575-00166938-00167159 question to each one of you can ask how
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00576-00167160-00167459 do we see Zimbabwe as a country Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00577-00167460-00167704 is where Zimbabwe is in Africa Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00578-00167705-00167902 is in Africa all of us know that how do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00579-00167903-00168107 we you know from the time we are born
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00580-00168108-00168437 whenever we hear the word say USA how
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00581-00168438-00168725 polished country Australia developed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00582-00168726-00169025 country how do you and me view Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00583-00169026-00169261 as
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00584-00169262-00169463 megha Lakshmi is saying they would have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00585-00169464-00169613 given loans for business purposes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00586-00169614-00169901 exactly but who knew that no now it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00587-00169902-00170123 easier for you and me to say this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00588-00170124-00170302 they should have devalued the currency
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00589-00170303-00170507 to a certain extent caitan they have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00590-00170508-00170699 done it to a certain extent they've done
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00591-00170700-00170963 it but see again devaluation has its own
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00592-00170964-00171209 Ripple effects negative effects which we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00593-00171210-00171466 will see when we do the Forex chapter so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00594-00171467-00171640 that's where we they tried all of those
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00595-00171641-00171899 permutations but eventually it didn't
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00596-00171900-00172066 work
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00597-00172067-00172390 how do you see Zimbabwe as I've got some
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00598-00172391-00172540 good answers caitan is saying poor
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00599-00172541-00172651 country
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00600-00172652-00172861 underdeveloped country very true
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00601-00172862-00173033 underdeveloped country everybody's
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00602-00173034-00173213 saying small underdeveloped country now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00603-00173214-00173399 let me give you a fact about Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00604-00173400-00173640 1985.
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00605-00173641-00174040 Zimbabwe dollar Zimbabwe dollar was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00606-00174041-00174526 greater than US dollar yes they were a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00607-00174527-00174881 prosperous country in the 1985 and they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00608-00174882-00175121 are uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00609-00175122-00175547 their value was greater than even a U.S
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00610-00175548-00175745 dollar one of the most prosperous
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00611-00175746-00176002 countries of Africa was Zimbabwe it's a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00612-00176003-00176231 landlocked country but it was prosperous
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00613-00176232-00176495 at that point in time but then what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00614-00176496-00176704 happened so there was two three years
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00615-00176705-00177028 wherein they had big food crisis so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00616-00177029-00177287 there were droughts in Zimbabwe so there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00617-00177288-00177581 were food crisis at the same time there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00618-00177582-00177983 were also a lot of Health crisis as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00619-00177984-00178319 result of food crisis there was a lot of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00620-00178320-00178738 Health crisis
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00621-00178739-00179002 there was a lot of Health crisis so food
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00622-00179003-00179266 crisis was there Health crisis was there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00623-00179267-00179573 and that is where Zimbabwe economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00624-00179574-00179861 started going down no problem two to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00625-00179862-00180076 three years this was the scenario they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00626-00180077-00180263 started going down so they approached
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00627-00180264-00180514 United States of America and they told
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00628-00180515-00180754 USA boss please give us some loan here
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00629-00180755-00180976 we are going through a tough time there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00630-00180977-00181121 is a food crisis there is a Health
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00631-00181122-00181331 crisis in our country please give us
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00632-00181332-00181537 some loan so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00633-00181538-00181835 Zimbabwe oh sorry USA agreed to it so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00634-00181836-00182128 USA gave them a loan and Zimbabwe was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00635-00182129-00182513 under debt now in order to get out of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00636-00182514-00182795 this debt so now Zimbabwe is under a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00637-00182796-00183023 little bit of debt in order to get out
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00638-00183024-00183190 of this debt do you know what did
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00639-00183191-00183431 Zimbabwe do so Zimbabwe had taken you a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00640-00183432-00183713 lot of US dollar debt Zimbabwe started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00641-00183714-00184235 printing currency in a unlimited manner
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00642-00184236-00184361 God
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00643-00184362-00184654 why they thought let us print the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00644-00184655-00184937 currency so that once we print the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00645-00184938-00185164 currency we will have a lot of money and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00646-00185165-00185471 we will give this money to us
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00647-00185472-00185771 repay their debt we will give this money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00648-00185772-00186052 to the people of Zimbabwe people of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00649-00186053-00186304 Zimbabwe will be very very happy that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00650-00186305-00186581 yes we have got a lot of money as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00651-00186582-00186838 result of this printing currency
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00652-00186839-00187145 unlimited printing of currency as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00653-00187146-00187361 result of this stupidity people of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00654-00187362-00187576 Zimbabwe started got getting a lot of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00655-00187577-00187799 money when you have a lot of money can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00656-00187800-00188045 say you will spend rigorously you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00657-00188046-00188338 spend enormously so people started
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00658-00188339-00188621 spending for a few years everybody
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00659-00188622-00188849 thought that wow things are going so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00660-00188850-00189113 good we are getting money from the uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00661-00189114-00189281 government they are printing unlimited
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00662-00189282-00189538 we are able to spend as much as how much
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00663-00189539-00189833 we want over a period of time the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00664-00189834-00190151 spiraling effect resulted into a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00665-00190152-00190438 inflation of thousand two hundred
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00666-00190439-00190751 percent over a period of time in order
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00667-00190752-00190985 to cut this they started printing more
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00668-00190986-00191297 currency and there was a time when their
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00669-00191298-00191740 inflation rate was 300 percent per annum
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00670-00191741-00192059 300 300
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00671-00192060-00192335 000 which is three lakh percent in fact
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00672-00192336-00192635 this is a small number it was even more
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00673-00192636-00192928 higher than this that was their
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00674-00192929-00193240 inflation rate such that every day the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00675-00193241-00193564 price of commodity used to double every
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00676-00193565-00193763 day the price of commodity used to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00677-00193764-00194075 double and and and such a thing happened
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00678-00194076-00194314 that they had to print a currency called
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00679-00194315-00194633 as one million Zimbabwe dollar then 1
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00680-00194634-00194849 billion Zimbabwe dollar if you need a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00681-00194850-00195076 bread you need 1 billion Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00682-00195077-00195275 dollars such that they had to print a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00683-00195276-00195664 currency of 1 trillion Zimbabwe dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00684-00195665-00196199 oh gosh would you believe it yes this is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00685-00196200-00196433 what happened
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00686-00196434-00196709 a trillion dollar note was printed and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00687-00196710-00197075 put on eBay for sale wow now we can only
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00688-00197076-00197423 laugh on this such was the value of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00689-00197424-00197645 their currency so that what did they do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00690-00197646-00197837 you know they discontinued the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00691-00197838-00198071 Zimbabwean dollar and they said that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00692-00198072-00198407 from now on our main currency will be US
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00693-00198408-00198699 dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00694-00198700-00198875 [Music]
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00695-00198876-00199135 inflation led to something called as
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00696-00199136-00199487 hyper inflation and such hyperinflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00697-00199488-00199738 that it was uncontrollable
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00698-00199739-00199978 even though people had money the value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00699-00199979-00200266 of that money had gone so down that it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00700-00200267-00200507 was absolutely
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00701-00200508-00200916 not viable option for the public around
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00702-00200917-00201395 and this resulted in them canceling
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00703-00201396-00201809 their currency US dollar as a result at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00704-00201810-00202054 that point in time was adopted
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00705-00202055-00202414 imagine why why did this happen again
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00706-00202415-00202697 Zimbabwe at one point in time was better
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00707-00202698-00202931 than USA no yes they had a food crisis
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00708-00202932-00203140 Health crisis for two to three years and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00709-00203141-00203273 they had taken a loan and they could
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00710-00203274-00203533 have repaired it easily but can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00711-00203534-00203950 improper incorrect Financial policy by
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00712-00203951-00204197 the Zimbabwean government resulted in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00713-00204198-00204413 inflation resulted in hyper inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00714-00204414-00204766 and the country was resulted into a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00715-00204767-00205055 disaster can I say two examples that we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00716-00205056-00205325 took one of Japan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00717-00205326-00205871 other of Zimbabwe both can I say had a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00718-00205871-00206105 disaster in their economy only because
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00719-00206106-00206455 of one thing and that is improper
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00720-00206456-00206766 Financial policies
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00721-00206767-00207101 improper Financial policy so don't you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00722-00207102-00207358 feel that you should understand first
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00723-00207359-00207598 how a financial policy should be made
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00724-00207600-00207808 and then a decision should be taken
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00725-00207809-00208073 suppose if you were made Financial uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00726-00208073-00208282 consultant of a company CF of a company
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00727-00208283-00208516 or say a Financial finance minister of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00728-00208517-00208732 some country then what would you do even
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00729-00208733-00209044 you would result in this Japan crisis so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00730-00209046-00209410 now we realize that Financial policies
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00731-00209411-00209596 should be very strong should be very
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00732-00209598-00209915 clear should be forward-looking and now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00733-00209916-00210329 let us understand in depth of how can we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00734-00210330-00210671 make it in the best manner possible so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00735-00210671-00210748 now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00736-00210750-00211067 you are going to step into the shoes of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00737-00211067-00211373 the governor of India RBI governor who
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00738-00211373-00211565 makes the monetary policies and let's
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00739-00211566-00211823 see what decisions we take and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00740-00211823-00212015 accordingly whether we will be able to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00741-00212016-00212225 save our economy as well see you in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00742-00212226-00212525 India can go the Japan way if the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00743-00212526-00212710 financial and monetary policies are not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00744-00212711-00212908 planned in a proper manner the same
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00745-00212909-00213041 thing which happened in Zimbabwe
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00746-00213042-00213227 happened in Brazil to a certain extent
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00747-00213228-00213515 and Venezuela to a large extent
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00748-00213516-00213796 so can I say that yes this is happening
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00749-00213798-00214096 worldwide but how can we manage it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00750-00214098-00214355 now what we are going to connect with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00751-00214356-00214655 the financial policies of India have you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00752-00214656-00214769 ever
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00753-00214769-00215123 given an ear to what happens when the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00754-00215123-00215387 Finance Minister or the RBI Governor
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00755-00215388-00215663 gives you the financial policies no sir
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00756-00215664-00215848 we have no time we are doing busy in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00757-00215850-00216094 auditing and everything now you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00758-00216096-00216371 going to make the policy pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00759-00216371-00216731 suppose in is now facing inflation so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00760-00216732-00216863 what is inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00761-00216864-00217096 what is inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00762-00217098-00217360 I'm asking you what is inflation in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00763-00217361-00217565 simple words I don't want any jargons I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00764-00217566-00217858 don't understand that can I say rise in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00765-00217859-00218101 prices of Commodities in a simple word
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00766-00218102-00218375 rise in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00767-00218376-00218717 prices of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00768-00218717-00218884 commodities
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00769-00218885-00219317 basically results in inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00770-00219317-00219706 correct uh yes okay now tell me what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00771-00219707-00219965 could be the reason of inflation what
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00772-00219966-00220198 could be the reason why would price of a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00773-00220200-00220444 commodity rise what could be the reason
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00774-00220446-00220744 a simple economic deficiency the reason
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00775-00220746-00221032 would be what think and answer now you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00776-00221033-00221206 have to answer a be very much attentive
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00777-00221207-00221531 on your this and be very Swift in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00778-00221532-00221765 answering why would there be your
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00779-00221766-00221944 inflation why would there be a rise in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00780-00221946-00223510 price of commodities
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00781-00223511-00223732 crude oil prices oh my God
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00782-00223733-00223984 I'll tell you a simple answer few people
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00783-00223985-00224158 are answering at very high level I'll
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00784-00224159-00224417 give you a simple answer usually it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00785-00224417-00224531 the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00786-00224532-00224819 demand Supply Gap
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00787-00224819-00225281 usually it is a demand Supply gap which
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00788-00225282-00225442 results in this say for example I'll
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00789-00225444-00225665 give you a small example
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00790-00225666-00225882 Suppose there is a mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00791-00225883-00226306 there is a mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00792-00226307-00226637 there is in all 100 units of mobile
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00793-00226638-00226956 phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00794-00226957-00227339 and the demand for this mobile phone the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00795-00227340-00227560 demand for this mobile phone is say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00796-00227561-00227813 there are 1000 customers
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00797-00227814-00228046 there are 1000 customers who are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00798-00228048-00228227 demanding this mobile 100 mobile phones
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00799-00228228-00228521 what will happen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00800-00228521-00228779 there is a demand from 1000 customers
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00801-00228780-00229048 but in all we have only 1000 units of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00802-00229050-00229498 mobile phone what will happen you tell
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00803-00229500-00229703 parnie said parmi Patel said yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00804-00229704-00229889 increase in demand and Supply very good
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00805-00229890-00230075 for me now what will happen in this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00806-00230076-00230273 scenario practical scenario 1000
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00807-00230273-00230621 customers and 100 units of mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00808-00230621-00230869 available what will happen lower Supply
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00809-00230869-00231323 excess demand what will this result into
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00810-00231323-00231563 can I say suppose if you are selling
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00811-00231564-00231760 mobile and you know that you have only
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00812-00231761-00232013 100 mobiles but there are 1 000 people
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00813-00232014-00232223 who are waiting to purchase your mobile
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00814-00232223-00232469 what will you do tell me logically come
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00815-00232469-00232775 on so definitely I will increase the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00816-00232776-00233105 price of mobile phone so can I say there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00817-00233106-00233303 is a big mismatch
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00818-00233304-00233560 can I say there is a big mismatch big
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00819-00233561-00233801 demand and Supply gap which has happened
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00820-00233802-00233987 and as a result of this inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00821-00233988-00234208 happens everybody else you will charge
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00822-00234209-00234358 higher you will increase the prices
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00823-00234359-00234610 everybody has darshan is saying auction
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00824-00234611-00234971 guava means hyperinflation so can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00825-00234971-00235121 demand Supply Gap has resulted into
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00826-00235121-00235331 inflation now take another example now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00827-00235332-00235505 take another example pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00828-00235506-00235853 suppose if there is only one mobile
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00829-00235854-00236141 phone in the country in whole India
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00830-00236142-00236303 there is only one mobile phone in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00831-00236304-00236591 country so far you were selling it at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00832-00236592-00236813 twenty thousand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00833-00236814-00237167 now there are said 20 people who are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00834-00237167-00237389 interested in buying this mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00835-00237390-00237581 what will happen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00836-00237582-00237796 if 20 people are interested in buying
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00837-00237798-00237929 this mobile phone and only one mobile
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00838-00237930-00238139 phone is there of 20 000 you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00839-00238140-00238367 increase the price but obvious now let
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00840-00238367-00238721 me tell you one thing the 20 people do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00841-00238721-00238913 not have money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00842-00238914-00239308 do not have money to purchase this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00843-00239309-00239542 mobile phone now tell me will you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00844-00239544-00239729 increase the price of the mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00845-00239730-00240094 yes or no
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00846-00240096-00240760 yes or no
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00847-00240761-00241031 so one mobile phone only one mobile
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00848-00241032-00241132 phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00849-00241133-00241391 20 people are ready to purchase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00850-00241392-00241571 the immediate answer is we will increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00851-00241571-00241817 the price but those 20 people do not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00852-00241817-00242008 have money at all do not have money at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00853-00242009-00242392 all now will whoever pays more gets the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00854-00242394-00242698 product but 20 of them are like you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00855-00242700-00243017 article clerks no money at all no money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00856-00243017-00243371 how much you earn get spend it sir you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00857-00243371-00243605 are telling us about our life this is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00858-00243606-00243791 what happening with you right so suppose
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00859-00243792-00243971 these 20 people already article clutch
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00860-00243971-00244289 like you not earning anything at all
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00861-00244290-00244642 so now will when I am the seller now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00862-00244644-00244834 knowing you guys can I increase the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00863-00244835-00245021 price of mobile phone
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00864-00245021-00245548 the answer is no so can I say here your
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00865-00245550-00245939 supply is less demand is more still you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00866-00245940-00246179 have not increased the prices
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00867-00246180-00246460 Supply somebody said me I think uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00868-00246461-00246784 padmavati said he said sir if their
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00869-00246785-00247067 demand is high Supply is low it will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00870-00247067-00247271 result into inflation but your demand is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00871-00247271-00247505 high 20 people are ready to buy the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00872-00247506-00247751 mobile phone but Supply is low only one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00873-00247752-00247931 mobile phone is that still we are not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00874-00247932-00248177 able to increase the price why is it not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00875-00248178-00248460 resulting into inflation because
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00876-00248461-00248969 inflation because inflation will happen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00877-00248969-00249379 when demand Supply Gap is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00878-00249380-00249863 also there with liquidity here there is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00879-00249864-00250121 a liquidity crisis and as a result of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00880-00250121-00250498 which my inflation will not increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00881-00250500-00250684 so if I have to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00882-00250685-00251027 control inflation can I say I will have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00883-00251028-00251375 to the there is saying is there no to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00884-00251376-00251651 stop the train pull the chain if I have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00885-00251652-00251927 to stop inflation what will I do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00886-00251928-00252317 what will I do can I say I will reduce
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00887-00252317-00252527 the I will ensure that there is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00888-00252528-00252719 liquidity crisis in the market I will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00889-00252719-00253055 reduce the liquidity in the market as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00890-00253056-00253258 result of this the inflation could get
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00891-00253259-00253387 controlled
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00892-00253388-00253601 yes or no
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00893-00253602-00253853 yes now suppose everybody is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00894-00253854-00254075 understanding it is it going very high
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00895-00254076-00254237 over your head or you are able to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00896-00254238-00254339 connect it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00897-00254340-00254494 you are able to connect it or use it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00898-00254496-00254663 going very high or you are thinking so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00899-00254664-00254873 first lecture you are speaking of demand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00900-00254873-00255184 Supply liquidity oh my God is it that or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00901-00255185-00255341 it is interesting and you want to answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00902-00255342-00255544 and you want it to continue tell me come
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00903-00255546-00256192 on as whatever you say I will do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00904-00256194-00256439 as you say this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00905-00256440-00256684 understandable
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00906-00256685-00256871 it's fun interesting and you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00907-00256871-00257117 connecting it right okay so now we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00908-00257117-00257344 realize suppose now if you are made the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00909-00257346-00257723 you are made the Finance Minister or the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00910-00257723-00258130 uh RBI Governor you are made the RBI
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00911-00258131-00258256 governor
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00912-00258257-00258479 congratulations you are made the Finance
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00913-00258480-00258755 Minister you have studied with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00914-00258756-00258929 you have studied financial management
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00915-00258930-00259187 with sankalp sir and that is the reason
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00916-00259188-00259306 you got it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00917-00259307-00259619 so now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00918-00259619-00259865 all right so now my question to you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00919-00259866-00260089 suppose India is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00920-00260090-00260441 facing inflation suppose India is facing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00921-00260442-00260753 inflation inflation in India has gone up
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00922-00260754-00260998 what will be your next step what will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00923-00261000-00261106 you do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00924-00261107-00261377 tell me now what will you do inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00925-00261378-00261851 India has gone up what will you do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00926-00261852-00261994 what will be the next thing that you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00927-00261996-00262091 will do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00928-00262092-00262463 inflation will increase if if a wait
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00929-00262464-00262558 wait wait
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00930-00262559-00262908 inflation will increase if it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00931-00262909-00263225 supported by liquidity so can I say if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00932-00263226-00263453 inflation is increasing to control this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00933-00263454-00263777 inflation can I say I will reduce the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00934-00263778-00263879 liquidity
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00935-00263880-00264089 I will reduce the liquidity everybody
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00936-00264090-00264239 agrees with me
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00937-00264240-00264521 yes how do I reduce the liquidity in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00938-00264522-00264701 market how do I reduce the liquidity in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00939-00264702-00265182 the market
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00940-00265183-00265463 liquidity as darshan is saying padmavati
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00941-00265464-00265655 is also agreeing to it yes so you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00942-00265656-00265823 try to reduce liquidity you are the RBI
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00943-00265824-00266015 Governor you see this is where you are
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00944-00266016-00266225 standing so inflation is increasing you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00945-00266226-00266525 immediately realize oh sorry I told that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00946-00266526-00266710 inflation will increase only if it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00947-00266711-00266873 supported by liquidity let me cut the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00948-00266874-00267149 liquidity okay how do you manage the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00949-00267150-00267334 liquidity and all of you have given the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00950-00267335-00267515 correct answer can I say I can increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00951-00267516-00267730 the interest rates
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00952-00267731-00268091 I can increase the interest rate suppose
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00953-00268092-00268325 you are the governor you are the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00954-00268326-00268475 governor you are the Finance Minister
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00955-00268476-00268799 you will increase the interest rates all
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00956-00268800-00269123 over India of all the banks now if you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00957-00269124-00269489 want to take a loan previously the loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00958-00269490-00269669 was available at five percent interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00959-00269670-00269915 now we have increased the interest to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00960-00269916-00270293 eight percent interest tell me will you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00961-00270294-00270491 take the loan now or you will not take
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00962-00270492-00270706 the loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00963-00270707-00270934 will you take the loan now or you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00964-00270935-00271180 not take the loan think and tell so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00965-00271181-00271373 inflation is increasing you know that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00966-00271374-00271613 now I have to control the liquidity in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00967-00271614-00271787 order to control the liquidity I have a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00968-00271788-00271973 best idea I will increase the interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00969-00271974-00272182 rates now when the interest rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00970-00272183-00272417 increases will you take the loan or you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00971-00272418-00272879 will not take the loan think and answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00972-00272880-00273179 everybody is saying the same thing so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00973-00273180-00273406 definitely so definitely we will not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00974-00273407-00273551 take the loan so previously it was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00975-00273552-00273701 available for five percent now it is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00976-00273702-00273845 available at eight percent I will not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00977-00273846-00273984 take the loan
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00978-00273985-00274343 if you do not take the loan can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00979-00274344-00274660 the banking sector will get affected why
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00980-00274661-00274841 so why if the banking sector will get
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00981-00274842-00275071 affected because Banks major Revenue
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00982-00275072-00275321 major source of income is through
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00983-00275322-00275549 lending of loans they lend the loans
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00984-00275550-00275705 they get the interest that is their
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00985-00275706-00275927 income but now if people have stopped
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00986-00275928-00276125 taking the loans because interest rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00987-00276126-00276334 has increased if interest rate has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00988-00276335-00276467 increased people have start taking the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00989-00276468-00276671 loans people will not take the loan then
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00990-00276672-00276869 banking sector will go for a toss can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00991-00276870-00277060 say banking market shares will go down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00992-00277061-00277349 yes or no
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00993-00277350-00277799 no income if no income definitely it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00994-00277800-00278063 will reduce the banking sector's profit
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00995-00278064-00278230 and if banking sector's profit is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00996-00278231-00278465 reduced you realize this will you invest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00997-00278466-00278675 in banking sector or no definitely not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00998-00278676-00278879 and if not then can I say banking sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-00999-00278880-00279053 share price will go down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01000-00279054-00279341 okay agreed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01001-00279342-00279563 second thing that I have so suppose now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01002-00279564-00279719 you are not going to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01003-00279720-00279875 going so what will happen to the real
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01004-00279876-00280091 estate sector what will happen to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01005-00280092-00280295 real estate sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01006-00280296-00280529 for building a real estate suppose if I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01007-00280530-00280673 want to purchase a house if I want to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01008-00280674-00280889 purchase a commercial property I will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01009-00280890-00281051 take a loan from the bank not everybody
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01010-00281052-00281249 has enough liquidity here I will take
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01011-00281250-00281603 the loan uh load from the bank now it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01012-00281604-00281741 was available at five percent I was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01013-00281742-00281956 ready to take now it has increased to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01014-00281957-00282358 eight percent oh my God oh my God it has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01015-00282359-00282593 increased to eight percent will I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01016-00282594-00282910 purchase real estate or not
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01017-00282911-00283139 can I say the real estate market will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01018-00283140-00283360 now fall real estate sector will fall
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01019-00283361-00283643 below Polo yes or no can I say real
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01020-00283644-00283858 estate sector will also fall
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01021-00283859-00284165 are we understanding guys yes or no real
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01022-00284166-00284393 estate sector is connected to many other
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01023-00284394-00284645 sectors less like cement sector ambuja
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01024-00284646-00284908 cement now if real estate has come for a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01025-00284909-00285179 whole cement industry will also go down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01026-00285180-00285473 if cement industry has gone down can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01027-00285474-00285677 say the real estate also wants the steel
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01028-00285678-00285905 pipes and everything can I say that will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01029-00285906-00286217 also go down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01030-00286218-00286487 are we understanding guys
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01031-00286488-00286732 are we understanding guys banking sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01032-00286733-00287045 Falls real estate sector Falls cement
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01033-00287046-00287453 sector Falls still sector Falls OH mg
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01034-00287454-00287584 sir everybody is following the whole
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01035-00287585-00287813 Market is fall no no no no no no listen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01036-00287814-00288034 to me wait wait automobile will you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01037-00288035-00288191 purchase automobile with a higher load
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01038-00288192-00288406 or you will not purchase if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01039-00288407-00288575 mobile can I see automobile industry
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01040-00288576-00288784 will also go down Tata Motors can go
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01041-00288785-00288934 down right because loans are now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01042-00288935-00289169 available at uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01043-00289170-00289523 heavy this oh my god did you understand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01044-00289524-00289691 the interconnections yes but but but
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01045-00289692-00290003 there is a flip side there are certain
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01046-00290004-00290230 stocks called as defensive stocks pay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01047-00290231-00290579 attention like the I.T stocks like the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01048-00290580-00290897 Pharma stocks like the fmcg stocks do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01049-00290898-00291077 you know what will happen to them
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01050-00291078-00291287 they will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01051-00291288-00291484 stabilize or they will increase pay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01052-00291485-00291803 attention now let's take an example of a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01053-00291804-00291977 Pharma stock will you stop having
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01054-00291978-00292132 medicine if the government interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01055-00292133-00292349 increases the interest rates
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01056-00292350-00292571 Dina is saying finally the whole economy
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01057-00292572-00292919 will fall no no Dina no pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01058-00292920-00293123 suppose now now look at the Pharma
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01059-00293124-00293387 sector is it that the interest rates
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01060-00293388-00293560 have increased now will you stop
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01061-00293561-00293806 consuming the medicines
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01062-00293807-00294130 um yes or no definitely not sir so can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01063-00294131-00294299 say the Pharma stock will stay intact
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01064-00294300-00294634 now think from my angle I have invested
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01065-00294635-00294815 in banking sector government has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01066-00294816-00294971 increased the interest rate so I know
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01067-00294972-00295097 the banking sector and real estate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01068-00295098-00295295 sector will go down I will immediately
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01069-00295296-00295469 withdraw the money from banking sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01070-00295470-00295708 and put it in the Pharma sector sir but
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01071-00295709-00295895 Pharma sector will stay stable no agreed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01072-00295896-00296141 so somebody is falling and somebody is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01073-00296142-00296315 stable which is better can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01074-00296316-00296453 somebody who's stable is better than the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01075-00296454-00296621 one who is falling so people will start
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01076-00296622-00296830 investing in this stable sector and if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01077-00296831-00297017 people will start investing more and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01078-00297018-00297179 more the demand for that share price
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01079-00297180-00297365 will increase and the Pharma sector will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01080-00297366-00297653 increase even if it is stable at such
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01081-00297654-00297875 scenario so is that going to be the case
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01082-00297876-00298132 with fmcg also fast moving consumer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01083-00298133-00298355 goods like your biscuit you like your uh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01084-00298356-00298655 probably your soap or your shampoo will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01085-00298656-00298847 you start not having start stop having
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01086-00298848-00299056 bath oh my God Finance Minister has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01087-00299057-00299237 increased the rates Mama I will not have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01088-00299238-00299410 a bath from today is it going to happen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01089-00299411-00299653 no you will still continue consuming the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01090-00299654-00300023 fmcgs as it is I will immediately
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01091-00300024-00300179 withdraw the money from here because I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01092-00300180-00300323 know they are going to fall immediately
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01093-00300324-00300467 withdraw the money from here I know they
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01094-00300468-00300623 are going to fall and I will put it in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01095-00300624-00300958 fmcg and Pharma Industries why because I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01096-00300959-00301073 know at least they are going to remain
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01097-00301074-00301289 stable and if they are going to remain
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01098-00301290-00301487 stable if they are going to remain
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01099-00301488-00301751 stable it is better than the following
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01100-00301752-00301949 market so now I will put it here if I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01101-00301950-00302105 put it here the demand will increase the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01102-00302106-00302375 share price will increase it is here the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01103-00302376-00302591 things are doing better
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01104-00302592-00302903 yes or no right right now pay attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01105-00302904-00303173 now pay attention now comes the I.T
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01106-00303174-00303341 stock what will happen to the ID stocks
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01107-00303342-00303647 here now tell me one thing if inflation
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01108-00303648-00303856 increases can I say the value of your
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01109-00303857-00304055 money decreases basically
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01110-00304056-00304195 if if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01111-00304196-00304480 there is inflation we started with that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01112-00304481-00304721 if there is increased inflation can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01113-00304722-00305032 say value of money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01114-00305033-00305315 value of money basically decreases so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01115-00305316-00305597 suppose if I went in the market and I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01116-00305598-00306029 asked for 1 kg of say tomato
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01117-00306030-00306527 1 kg of tomato costed say 100 rupees say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01118-00306528-00306947 100 rupees now after inflation after
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01119-00306948-00307210 inflation you tell me one thing you tell
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01120-00307211-00307456 me one thing will I get the same 1 kg
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01121-00307457-00307841 tomato at 100 rupees will my 100 rupees
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01122-00307842-00308087 command the same 1 kg tomato the answer
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01123-00308088-00308279 is no so can I say the value of money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01124-00308280-00308519 has gone down now probably I may only be
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01125-00308520-00308830 able to get 900 grams of tomato or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01126-00308831-00309077 probably for a 100 gram of tomato or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01127-00309078-00309377 probably for a 100 gram of tomato I will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01128-00309378-00309634 have to pay rupees 110 yeah are we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01129-00309635-00309893 understanding guys yes or no now as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01130-00309894-00310084 result of this see what is happening the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01131-00310085-00310367 value of money is decreasing if the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01132-00310368-00310637 value of money decreases basically it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01133-00310638-00310908 will increase the value of dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01134-00310909-00311117 basically it will increase the value of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01135-00311118-00311329 dollars your say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01136-00311330-00311771 one dollar costed you say 90 rupees now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01137-00311772-00311993 there is inflation in your country as a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01138-00311994-00312197 result in the same 90 rupees you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01139-00312198-00312365 not be able to buy the same dollar so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01140-00312366-00312563 now you will have to buy this dollar at
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01141-00312564-00312730 100 rupees you will have to buy the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01142-00312731-00312893 dollar at 100 rupees because there is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01143-00312894-00313054 inflation at your end so the value of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01144-00313055-00313258 money has gone down as a result see now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01145-00313259-00313432 how does this whole purchasing power
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01146-00313433-00313613 parity works I'll explain it to you when
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01147-00313614-00313834 we are doing Forex but for now can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01148-00313835-00314123 this is the scenario now if the value of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01149-00314124-00314339 dollar is increased look at the I.T
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01150-00314340-00314627 sector can I say the I.T sector majorly
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01151-00314628-00314939 exports Services can I say the ID sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01152-00314940-00315167 majorly exports the services and if the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01153-00315168-00315454 IIT sector exports Services what will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01154-00315455-00315803 happen is suppose I wanted one thousand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01155-00315804-00315989 dollar I was to get one thousand dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01156-00315990-00316204 previously if I used to get one thousand
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01157-00316205-00316421 dollar I will say one thousand dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01158-00316422-00316787 into ninety I will get 90 000 rupees but
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01159-00316788-00316895 now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01160-00316896-00317134 with this same one thousand dollar with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01161-00317135-00317375 the same one thousand dollar because of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01162-00317376-00317632 inflation because of growing uh reducing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01163-00317633-00317777 value of money because the growing value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01164-00317778-00317993 of dollar what will happen can I say I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01165-00317994-00318191 will get the one lakh rupees so can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01166-00318192-00318430 say I.T sector is going to benefit
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01167-00318431-00318629 can I say it sector is going to benefit
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01168-00318630-00318845 yes because of the Forex gains of it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01169-00318846-00319180 companies can I say here the I.T sector
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01170-00319181-00319517 will also increase so I will now remove
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01171-00319518-00319756 the money from here and I will put it in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01172-00319757-00320008 these stocks are we understanding so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01173-00320009-00320110 what happened
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01174-00320111-00320404 inflation increased you try to decrease
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01175-00320405-00320554 liquidity
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01176-00320555-00320753 for doing that you increase the interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01177-00320754-00320987 rate when the increase rate increases
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01178-00320988-00321149 these are the sectors which will fall
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01179-00321150-00321334 logically have explained you you can
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01180-00321335-00321563 also check now the share markets now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01181-00321564-00321743 that you know what happens in a monetary
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01182-00321744-00321958 policy what happens with uh when a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01183-00321959-00322145 Federal Reserve increases the rates when
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01184-00322146-00322439 RBI increases the repo rate reduces the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01185-00322440-00322571 report rate reverse report rate will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01186-00322572-00322715 understand all of that when we move on
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01187-00322716-00322930 but this is what is happening can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01188-00322931-00323206 the i t the a Pharma the fmcc may
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01189-00323207-00323380 increase what happened to the dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01190-00323381-00323615 when the inflation is increasing can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01191-00323616-00323806 say the dollar increases
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01192-00323807-00324047 the dollar value increases correct rupee
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01193-00324048-00324167 value has gone down the dollar value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01194-00324168-00324334 increases now what will happen to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01195-00324335-00324617 gold what will happen to the gold India
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01196-00324618-00324875 is a importer of gold India is a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01197-00324876-00325097 importer of gold now if I am importing
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01198-00325098-00325289 gold can I say I have to pay in dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01199-00325290-00325582 now if I'm paying in dollar can I say my
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01200-00325583-00325775 the amount has increased previously I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01201-00325776-00326039 had to pay 90 000 now I have to pay 100
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01202-00326040-00326363 one lakh dollar so my gold cost will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01203-00326364-00326554 increase if the gold cost will increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01204-00326555-00326819 in the Indian context gold price will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01205-00326820-00327047 also increase in the Indian context gold
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01206-00327048-00327208 price will also increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01207-00327209-00327413 same is the case with crude oil crude
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01208-00327414-00327623 oil also if you know India Imports crude
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01209-00327624-00327953 oil India net Imports crude oil so again
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01210-00327954-00328241 crude oil also we will import and if I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01211-00328242-00328432 am importing crude oil what will happen
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01212-00328433-00328691 if I am importing crude oil what will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01213-00328692-00328967 happen definitely if I'm improving crude
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01214-00328968-00329225 oil the payment that I'm doing is higher
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01215-00329226-00329429 so crude oil cost will also increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01216-00329430-00329723 from a Indian perspective are we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01217-00329724-00329915 understanding what will happen to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01218-00329916-00330130 bonds what will happen to the bonds do
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01219-00330131-00330323 you have any idea what is bonds last
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01220-00330324-00330491 thing that I am going to come into is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01221-00330492-00330730 Bond and then you will realize that how
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01222-00330731-00331084 the whole Market functions and how
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01223-00331085-00331403 important it is to pay attention to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01224-00331404-00331715 monetary and fiscal Financial policies
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01225-00331716-00331967 of the government which would have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01226-00331968-00332237 always ignored but this is now what you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01227-00332238-00332447 will be reading here and you will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01228-00332448-00332753 realize that how important it is in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01229-00332754-00332980 terms of your Stock Market trading as
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01230-00332981-00333184 well so far how did we do the stock
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01231-00333185-00333406 market trading by closing your eyes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01232-00333407-00333563 somebody says purchase this we will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01233-00333564-00333767 purchase were we able to do the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01234-00333768-00333971 fundamental analysis no because probably
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01235-00333972-00334180 we were not even aware how does all of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01236-00334181-00334373 this work
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01237-00334374-00334589 are you understanding guys now what is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01238-00334590-00334732 going to happen to the bonds pay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01239-00334733-00334901 attention
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01240-00334902-00335123 suppose what is a bond bond is like a
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01241-00335124-00335382 fixed deposit only basically bonds give
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01242-00335383-00335777 bonds is like a fixed deposit give fixed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01243-00335778-00336149 rate of interest every year give fixed
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01244-00336150-00336341 rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01245-00336342-00336556 of Interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01246-00336557-00336821 yearly every year there is a fixed rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01247-00336822-00337013 of interest that we get in bonds and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01248-00337014-00337223 that we get in FD then our bonds and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01249-00337224-00337534 every different bonds are traded and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01250-00337535-00337847 because they are traded the price of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01251-00337848-00338351 bond increases or decreases based on
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01252-00338352-00338908 demand and Supply based on demand and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01253-00338909-00339034 supply
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01254-00339035-00339449 are we understanding guys
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01255-00339450-00339737 right now pay attention let's say there
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01256-00339738-00340193 is Mr adani on 1st of December Mr adani
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01257-00340194-00340534 has come up as December 2025. Mr adani
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01258-00340535-00340756 has come up with a bond and says that
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01259-00340757-00340937 whoever wants to purchase one lakh Bond
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01260-00340938-00341177 we will give them eight percent say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01261-00341178-00341429 seven percent rate of interest seven
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01262-00341430-00341891 percent rate of interest is what we will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01263-00341892-00342191 give them so year one seven percent rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01264-00342192-00342443 of interest your two seven percent rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01265-00342444-00342629 of interest your three seven percent
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01266-00342630-00342869 rate of interest is how it works now in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01267-00342870-00343375 the year 2027 adani needs more money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01268-00343376-00343630 issued a bond he will give me a bond I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01269-00343631-00343799 will pay money he will pay me interest
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01270-00343800-00344069 in return and as a result of this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01271-00344070-00344284 interest it is good for me but adani
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01272-00344285-00344434 will use this money in his growing his
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01273-00344435-00344887 businesses
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01274-00344888-00345113 now they are coming up with some new
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01275-00345114-00345347 business and as a result they need more
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01276-00345348-00345575 money and if if they need more money
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01277-00345576-00345760 they will again issue a one lakh rupees
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01278-00345761-00345953 Bond again they will issue a one lakh
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01279-00345954-00346127 Bond now when they are issuing a one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01280-00346128-00346306 lakh rupees Bond pay attention what is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01281-00346307-00346608 happening now the interest rates have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01282-00346609-00346871 increased in India the interest rates
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01283-00346872-00347056 have increased if the interest rates
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01284-00347057-00347206 have increased adani will have to issue
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01285-00347207-00347471 a bond at nine percent now imagine if
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01286-00347472-00347729 now he is going to issue a bond at nine
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01287-00347730-00348034 percent what will happen everybody will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01288-00348035-00348232 sell this bond which is giving seven
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01289-00348233-00348484 percent they will sell this Bond and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01290-00348485-00348730 come here and they will say let's
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01291-00348731-00348958 purchase this Bond of nine percent we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01292-00348959-00349145 will be getting now what will happen to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01293-00349146-00349439 this Bond as a result of this the value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01294-00349440-00349925 of bond will go down because of increase
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01295-00349926-00350243 in interest rates and think of a vice
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01296-00350244-00350584 versa proposition suppose if the year
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01297-00350585-00350825 instead of nine percent suppose now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01298-00350826-00351023 adani comes up with a new one with only
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01299-00351024-00351245 five percent with only five percent rate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01300-00351246-00351425 of interest what will happen people will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01301-00351426-00351719 start whoever wants now to invest in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01302-00351720-00352013 bond will start coming to this Bond say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01303-00352014-00352175 instead of five percent we are getting
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01304-00352176-00352380 seven percent let's purchase this Bond
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01305-00352381-00352708 purchasing power will increase when the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01306-00352709-00352930 interest rate has decreased the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01307-00352931-00353171 purchasing of bond increases and the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01308-00353172-00353453 value of bond will increase so can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01309-00353454-00353663 they are inversely proportional so in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01310-00353664-00353884 our situation what will happen in our
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01311-00353885-00354077 situation the interest rate has
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01312-00354078-00354251 increased what will happen to the value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01313-00354252-00354425 of bond
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01314-00354426-00354821 the value of bond will decrease
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01315-00354822-00355013 are we understanding CCC simple
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01316-00355014-00355163 proposition now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01317-00355164-00355463 when the interest rate decreases people
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01318-00355464-00355663 will start going towards this Bond
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01319-00355664-00355973 demand increase price increase value of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01320-00355974-00356154 bond increases
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01321-00356155-00356482 but here in our situation we have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01322-00356483-00356669 increased the interest rates what will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01323-00356670-00357041 happen to the bond value
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01324-00357042-00357430 it will go did you understand everything
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01325-00357431-00357580 logically
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01326-00357581-00357923 this is all a part of your financial
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01327-00357924-00358060 management
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01328-00358061-00358295 a part of your economics monetary
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01329-00358296-00358517 policies but probably we had heard of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01330-00358518-00358901 inflation but I'm so happy that each one
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01331-00358902-00359141 of you were able to derive all of this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01332-00359142-00359434 when I use the word inflation because of
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01333-00359435-00359651 the two examples I made you the monetary
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01334-00359652-00359945 governor and you realize that oh in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01335-00359946-00360101 order to cope the inflation I will have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01336-00360102-00360323 to manage the liquidity in order to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01337-00360324-00360532 manage the liquidity
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01338-00360533-00360784 I will increase the interest rates the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01339-00360785-00361019 impact of which will now go on to the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01340-00361020-00361253 different stocks and that is where the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01341-00361254-00361547 analysis began from stocks share market
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01342-00361548-00361828 we moved on to the dollar from Dollar we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01343-00361829-00362075 moved on to the gold from gold crude oil
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01344-00362076-00362339 and bonds as well and everything
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01345-00362340-00362543 delivered in the most logical manner
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01346-00362544-00362771 that is in front of you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01347-00362772-00363149 did you understand everything or it was
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01348-00363150-00363437 too much for you for the first day or it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01349-00363438-00363730 was too much but interesting and it
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01350-00363731-00364049 really opened up your mind towards a lot
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01351-00364050-00364378 of financial probably terminologies or
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01352-00364379-00364482 financial
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01353-00364483-00364703 implications that we are going to
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01354-00364704-00364889 understand in the upcoming
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01355-00364890-00365141 sessions and all of this will be useful
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01356-00365142-00365404 we have a chapter called as bonds can I
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01357-00365405-00365734 say their interest rates and all bonds
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01358-00365735-00365975 uh connection we will be learning do we
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01359-00365976-00366208 have a dollar importance why dollar
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01360-00366209-00366382 increases when interest rate increases
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01361-00366383-00366563 yes can I say the connection will be in
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01362-00366564-00366815 Forex right share market can I say
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01363-00366816-00367006 portfolio management is when we will see
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01364-00367007-00367228 the share market going up and down
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01365-00367229-00367847 valuation of Securities all of this
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01366-00367848-00368093 everybody are we totally clear with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01367-00368094-00368315 whatever we have done so far
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01368-00368316-00368560 right did you find it interesting did
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01369-00368561-00368819 you find it yes did you find that yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01370-00368820-00371782 this was the need of the r for you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01371-00371783-00372197 clear sir very interesting perfect
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01372-00372198-00372358 okay
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01373-00372359-00372719 so
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01374-00372720-00372917 for now
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01375-00372918-00373097 I know I know I know if I start
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01376-00373098-00373403 something else if I say something you'll
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01377-00373404-00373793 be like sir okay we are done so yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01378-00373794-00374117 let's become the next engine valah
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01379-00374118-00374339 all are so interconnected and so very
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01380-00374340-00374549 interesting very true and see it became
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01381-00374550-00374701 interesting because you were
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01382-00374702-00374932 coordinating always because you were
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01383-00374933-00375149 there and interconnecting things and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01384-00375150-00375539 trust me that really helped me
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01385-00375540-00375989 no okay guys so yes we will wrap it up
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01386-00375990-00376337 here as I told you uh this is just the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01387-00376338-00376625 beginning we have to go a long way and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01388-00376626-00377021 definitely there is a lot more to learn
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01389-00377022-00377297 first day I thought that we should have
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01390-00377298-00377501 a small discussion of so many Concepts
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01391-00377502-00377753 that I just discussed now in the next
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01392-00377754-00377908 session we will start definitely with
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01393-00377909-00378106 the first chapter of ours which is
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01394-00378107-00378382 mutual funds as per phase one and yes
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01395-00378383-00378634 very interactive and all our sessions
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01396-00378635-00378791 are going to be interactive in the same
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01397-00378792-00379108 manner I don't want that I should be
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01398-00379109-00379432 talking to the wall I want active people
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01399-00379433-00379643 talking to me and the more you
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01400-00379644-00379745 communicate
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01401-00379746-00380045 more you know doubts will be solved and
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01402-00380046-00380243 it will really be helpful to you in the
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01403-00380244-00380327 long run
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01404-00380328-00380993 all right guys
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01405-00380994-00381263 okay guys time for me to say hasta la
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01406-00381264-00381647 vista thank you for this amazing session
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01407-00381648-00382128 great had a great time
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01408-00382129-00382367 okay take care anything else you can
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01409-00382368-00382654 just drop your WhatsApp and uh we will
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01410-00382655-00383321 see you soon take care bye take care
A4_ZeHp8_p8-01411-00383322-00383600 yes