CyJz0q_QqLU-00000-00000044-00000726 [♫♫♫]
CyJz0q_QqLU-00001-00000726-00000934 What does cheating mean to you?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00002-00000934-00001290 Cheating is like when you copy something down and you don't do
CyJz0q_QqLU-00003-00001290-00001468 something for yourself.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00004-00001468-00001857 Cheating is lying so you can get a better grade but
CyJz0q_QqLU-00005-00001857-00001950 it's not fair.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00006-00001957-00002414 For me, cheating it's a path that people decide because it is a
CyJz0q_QqLU-00007-00002415-00002656 choice to get out of things the easy way.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00008-00002656-00002826 Cheating is never a good thing.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00009-00002826-00003172 What would you say are different way students cheat?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00010-00003411-00003642 I'm pretty sure some people put it in their
CyJz0q_QqLU-00011-00003643-00003856 desks, like they have that little cubby.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00012-00003856-00004272 There was this one girl, she had
CyJz0q_QqLU-00013-00004272-00004536 a band-aid and she put like some of the answers
CyJz0q_QqLU-00014-00004536-00004791 on her band-aid and when she didn't
CyJz0q_QqLU-00015-00004791-00004974 know the answer, she just looked.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00016-00004974-00005290 Quizlet, of course, spark notes.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00017-00005290-00005652 They use them to look up answers for the test.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00018-00005652-00006153 It was a long test and during lunch they asked a smart kid
CyJz0q_QqLU-00019-00006153-00006500 for an answer and I guess they wrote it down on their test.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00020-00006548-00006758 Do you know what plagiarism is?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00021-00006986-00007204 It's when you copy something down, so like
CyJz0q_QqLU-00022-00007204-00007458 let's say you do an essay, instead of putting it in your
CyJz0q_QqLU-00023-00007458-00007692 own words,  you just copy/paste everything
CyJz0q_QqLU-00024-00007692-00007930 and none of it is in your own words.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00025-00007930-00008210 Plagiarism is copying someone else's work,
CyJz0q_QqLU-00026-00008210-00008319 maybe when you look it up on the
CyJz0q_QqLU-00027-00008319-00008710 Internet copy and paste, or you ask a friend for
CyJz0q_QqLU-00028-00008712-00009062 their work, change it up a little, still plagiarism.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00029-00009062-00009232 Why is plagiarism wrong?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00030-00009302-00009786 Because you're not, it's not your work so you shouldn't-
CyJz0q_QqLU-00031-00009786-00010156 why should you be the one getting a good grade for someone else's work?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00032-00010156-00010644 When you're caught, you definitely, you get suspended or you get kicked out of class
CyJz0q_QqLU-00033-00010644-00011118 you know you don't get as many chances as you do in middle school or in high school.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00034-00011170-00011360 How do you avoid plagiarism?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00035-00011538-00012260 They should put the website in their bibliographies, so it's not plagiarizing.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00036-00012260-00012909 Cite it. You can have an extra page for citations, for websites you used. So you
CyJz0q_QqLU-00037-00012909-00013349 can give the other websites or people credit or books newspapers.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00038-00013349-00013612 So they get the credit for their work.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00039-00013694-00013894 Do you know what collusion is?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00040-00013996-00014118 So many big words!
CyJz0q_QqLU-00041-00014363-00014510 I don't know.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00042-00014563-00014710 Collusion, um..
CyJz0q_QqLU-00043-00014782-00014941 I've never heard that word!
CyJz0q_QqLU-00044-00015013-00015362 Talking to someone else about what their answer were?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00045-00015362-00015547 Giving them an answer,
CyJz0q_QqLU-00046-00015582-00015940 when they're not supposed to be like working together.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00047-00015940-00016084 So a collusion is
CyJz0q_QqLU-00048-00016084-00016432 working together on a class assignment without the teachers permission.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00049-00016650-00016762 Have you ever colluded?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00050-00016928-00017368 Yes, I have worked on projects together with people.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00051-00017368-00017552 Do you think you've ever colluded?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00052-00017654-00017786 Yes.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00053-00017834-00017942 But maybe they don't
CyJz0q_QqLU-00054-00017942-00018208 consider it cheating, cheating,
CyJz0q_QqLU-00055-00018208-00018496 just kind of asking them for help.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00056-00018496-00018751 I think you still can ask a friend
CyJz0q_QqLU-00057-00018751-00019495 for help, but you have to put some sort of restriction of how much help.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00058-00019496-00019878 What consequences do you think should take place for those who cheat?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00059-00020054-00020288 Their grade could be lowered.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00060-00020288-00020612 That and maybe tell their parents.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00061-00020612-00020722 They should take out
CyJz0q_QqLU-00062-00020723-00021082 the test, they they shouldn't have any chances, because I mean with it's a test.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00063-00021082-00021454 They should probably get suspended for a couple of days.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00064-00021454-00021572 But like if it was an
CyJz0q_QqLU-00065-00021572-00021820 in-school suspension, you can make them study.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00066-00021848-00022112 Do you have any advice?
CyJz0q_QqLU-00067-00022282-00022710 I would say it's not worth it, and one thing that they always told me is that
CyJz0q_QqLU-00068-00022710-00022910 you're only cheating yourself.
CyJz0q_QqLU-00069-00022910-00023110 [♫♫♫]
C-XNDX2TkQE-00000-00000002-00000336 Analysis of the two-slit experiment, where you put things through two slits,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00001-00000336-00000744 they arrive at the detector, one by one, and then only over time, doing that lots of times,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00002-00000750-00001167 you get an interference pattern, is an excellent way to talk about the core
C-XNDX2TkQE-00003-00001167-00001646 conceptual changes that happen when quantum mechanics arrived in its final modern form.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00004-00001646-00002042 But, it's not actually the experiment that quantum mechanics was invented to explain.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00005-00002042-00002298 Quantum mechanics was invented to solve a whole bunch of
C-XNDX2TkQE-00006-00002298-00002688 problems that had been growing over the latter half of the 19th century and
C-XNDX2TkQE-00007-00002688-00003112 doesn't even explain the name 'quantum mechanics'. Why is it called quantum?
C-XNDX2TkQE-00008-00003112-00003420 Now, the history of quantum mechanics is connected with the odd properties of
C-XNDX2TkQE-00009-00003420-00003872 light and the way light interacts with matter, so quantum mechanics started with
C-XNDX2TkQE-00010-00003872-00004430 the idea of photons. In 1807, Young published his double slit experiment for
C-XNDX2TkQE-00011-00004430-00005012 light, but it wasn't until about 1818 when Poisson's spot had been observed
C-XNDX2TkQE-00012-00005012-00005592 that people really believed that light was indeed a wave. But, it was nearly 50
C-XNDX2TkQE-00013-00005592-00005985 years later that Maxwell combined the equations for electricity and magnetism
C-XNDX2TkQE-00014-00005985-00006443 together and discovered that there was a possibility of an electromagnetic wave
C-XNDX2TkQE-00015-00006443-00006765 that would propagate, and he also realized that that wave would propagate
C-XNDX2TkQE-00016-00006765-00007495 at the speed of light and made the large jump that maybe light was indeed an electromagnetic wave.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00017-00007495-00007650 And, if you understand that light is an
C-XNDX2TkQE-00018-00007654-00008101 electromagnetic wave, then you understand how much energy it carries, you
C-XNDX2TkQE-00019-00008101-00008494 understand how it interacts with charged particles, and over the following decades
C-XNDX2TkQE-00020-00008494-00008836 people start to realize that basically all matter was made of charged particles,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00021-00008836-00009229 and at a microscopic level, you had a nucleus in the middle and then a cloud
C-XNDX2TkQE-00022-00009229-00009649 of electrons around the outside, which people still sort of visualized as
C-XNDX2TkQE-00023-00009649-00009997 particles, because the wave theory of matter hadn't been invented at that
C-XNDX2TkQE-00024-00009997-00010372 stage. And, so if you understand electromagnetism, and you understand that
C-XNDX2TkQE-00025-00010372-00010717 matter is made of charged particles moving in particular ways, then basically
C-XNDX2TkQE-00026-00010717-00011020 you can figure out exactly how they interact and exactly what should happen.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00027-00011020-00011449 In the late 1800s, it was certainly felt that people were really closing in on
C-XNDX2TkQE-00028-00011449-00011749 the truth of the matter. They were figuring out the fundamental physics, the
C-XNDX2TkQE-00029-00011749-00012049 fundamental laws of the universe, and it was all coming together. They just had to
C-XNDX2TkQE-00030-00012049-00012589 work out a few details. Now, unfortunately, some of those supposedly small details
C-XNDX2TkQE-00031-00012589-00012979 were starting to cause some really big problems. Now historically, the first of
C-XNDX2TkQE-00032-00012979-00013402 those details arose when people tried to marry their understanding of light as an
C-XNDX2TkQE-00033-00013402-00013750 electromagnetic wave, with the other great success of physics which was
C-XNDX2TkQE-00034-00013750-00014125 thermodynamics. Thermodynamics was the physics behind the Industrial Revolution.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00035-00014125-00014566 It told us how energy could be transformed between different forms, and
C-XNDX2TkQE-00036-00014566-00014941 how we could manage temperature to build engines and machines that would
C-XNDX2TkQE-00037-00014941-00015363 eventually let us use so much more energy than we could produce with our
C-XNDX2TkQE-00038-00015363-00015795 own hands, and this is effectively what transformed technology for humans.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00039-00015795-00016408 Now, in 1893, Wilhelm Wien applied the laws of thermodynamics to light itself, and he
C-XNDX2TkQE-00040-00016412-00016792 showed that if light is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings, then
C-XNDX2TkQE-00041-00016792-00017218 its frequency spectrum has to shift proportionally with its temperature.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00042-00017218-00017706 In other words, if you have some object, say, an iron bar, and this iron bar is a very
C-XNDX2TkQE-00043-00017707-00018163 good absorber or emitter of light at all frequencies, it's what's called,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00044-00018163-00018604 technically, a blackbody, and if you heat that up, it goes hotter and hotter and
C-XNDX2TkQE-00045-00018604-00018864 it's going to give out radiation and that radiation is going to get hotter
C-XNDX2TkQE-00046-00018868-00019348 and hotter, and we know that if we heat iron enough, then it will turn red, and
C-XNDX2TkQE-00047-00019348-00019789 that's because if we take the power coming off from the light as a
C-XNDX2TkQE-00048-00019789-00020148 function of frequency, and it's going to have some peak, then for the low
C-XNDX2TkQE-00049-00020148-00020431 frequencies, we're going to have the red end of the spectrum, and above that, we're
C-XNDX2TkQE-00050-00020431-00020743 going to have the rest of the rainbow. Then, at a given temperature, we're going
C-XNDX2TkQE-00051-00020743-00020998 to see that we're going to get mostly a peak
C-XNDX2TkQE-00052-00020998-00021385 around the red area of the spectrum and therefore that thing's going to look red.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00053-00021385-00021853 Now, as we make this hotter, Wien's Law says that if we increase the temperature by a
C-XNDX2TkQE-00054-00021853-00022195 certain amount, then we're going to take this frequency pattern and shift it up a
C-XNDX2TkQE-00055-00022195-00022498 little bit, we can see there that what we're going to get is lots of these
C-XNDX2TkQE-00056-00022498-00022828 colours coming through and if we have lots of these colors then we tend to get
C-XNDX2TkQE-00057-00022828-00023140 something that's white, and since when something gets hotter it turns to
C-XNDX2TkQE-00058-00023140-00023563 white-hot, and when it gets hotter again we just sift out the frequency once more
C-XNDX2TkQE-00059-00023563-00023941 and we can see that we're going to get mainly blue, so I'm mainly gonna get
C-XNDX2TkQE-00060-00023941-00024280 these blue colors, and very little of the rest, and so it's going to be blue-hot.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00061-00024280-00024688 And so that's why when you heat up a piece of steel, say, first it goes red,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00062-00024688-00025030 then it goes white, then it goes blue, because we're just shifting up the peak
C-XNDX2TkQE-00063-00025030-00025354 in our distribution there. And then over the turn-of-the-century two things
C-XNDX2TkQE-00064-00025354-00025693 happen in rapid succession.The first is that this calculation was done in a lot
C-XNDX2TkQE-00065-00025693-00026082 more detail by Rayleigh and Jeans, and they got the functional form for this
C-XNDX2TkQE-00066-00026082-00026583 power spectrum. Where this is the frequency, this is Boltzmann's constant
C-XNDX2TkQE-00067-00026583-00027043 from thermodynamics, the T is the temperature, and C is the speed of light.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00068-00027043-00027343 And there are two important things to realize from this. The first is that it
C-XNDX2TkQE-00069-00027343-00027670 worked very well for the low frequencies. So the Rayleigh-Jeans law got these
C-XNDX2TkQE-00070-00027670-00028129 early frequencies very accurately correct. And the second thing is that
C-XNDX2TkQE-00071-00028129-00028558 it's obviously wrong because it grows without bound. You can see that this
C-XNDX2TkQE-00072-00028558-00028981 frequency, as the frequency goes up more and more power comes out without bound.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00073-00028981-00029358 And so there's this infinite amount of power coming out at higher frequencies
C-XNDX2TkQE-00074-00029358-00029808 and this is called the ultraviolet catastrophe. And it's called that simply
C-XNDX2TkQE-00075-00029808-00030114 because the Rayleigh-Jeans law is quite accurate for low frequencies, like
C-XNDX2TkQE-00076-00030114-00030544 infrared or visible frequencies, but went spectacularly wrong in the ultraviolet
C-XNDX2TkQE-00077-00030544-00030916 regime and above. So despite the fact that the Rayleigh-Jeans law was properly
C-XNDX2TkQE-00078-00030916-00031201 treating thermodynamics and it was properly treating light as an
C-XNDX2TkQE-00079-00031201-00031620 electromagnetic wave, its steadfast refusal to act reasonably,
C-XNDX2TkQE-00080-00031620-00032056 never mind like experimentally observed fact, was extremely frustrating to
C-XNDX2TkQE-00081-00032056-00032472 another person working on the same problem, who was Max Planck. And in 1900
C-XNDX2TkQE-00082-00032472-00032944 he became so frustrated with the difficulty of making his model fit
C-XNDX2TkQE-00083-00032944-00033370 experimental observation, that he started making some crazy assumptions.
C-XNDX2TkQE-00084-00033370-00033847 In particular, he made one assumption that led him to get the right form for the
C-XNDX2TkQE-00085-00033847-00034109 blackbody law.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00000-00000028-00001011 Pictures illustrating the Marwanid Dynasty is limited. All content in this documentary is not illustrating the Marwanid Dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00001-00001026-00001256 Hello everyone and welcome to a new video
C_bOAX7aWMM-00002-00001256-00001966 Before we start the topic of the day, don't forget to follow us on Instagram, search for everythingaboutkurdistan
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C_bOAX7aWMM-00004-00002550-00003238 posts about Kurdish culture and history, music and art, nature and food and the Kurdish people in general.
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C_bOAX7aWMM-00008-00004802-00005194 As you've seen, today's subject is the Kurdish Marwanid Dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00009-00005194-00005892 This is a new series here on youtube where we're going to talk about different Kurdish empires and dynasties.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00010-00005892-00006622 It was specifically demanded by our Patreon supporter Rando Yassin, if you have any wishes of which videos we
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C_bOAX7aWMM-00014-00008018-00008626 More information in the description box below, now without further ado, let's get into the video.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00015-00008670-00009316 The Marwanids, in Kurdish also known as Dewlata Marwani, was a Kurdish Sunni-Muslim dynasty
C_bOAX7aWMM-00016-00009316-00010570 which during it's prime between 983 - 1085 ruled areas around present Amed and some parts of northen Bashur
C_bOAX7aWMM-00017-00010570-00011054 aswell as southeastern parts of Bakur region and some parts of present Armenia.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00018-00011086-00011874 It all started with one man, actually a shepherd named Abu Shujā' Badh ibn Dustak, he was a very normal
C_bOAX7aWMM-00019-00011874-00012622 individual in the Kurdish farming life, but would achieve great success as he left his cattle, took up arms and
C_bOAX7aWMM-00020-00012622-00013332 became a valiant chief of war obtaiting local and in time regional popularity among the people around him.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00021-00013332-00014147 However, Badh didn't make his real success before the death of the present ruler Adud Al Dawla who ruled the
C_bOAX7aWMM-00022-00014154-00014630 strongest dynasty at the time in the area, called the Buyid Dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00023-00014630-00015426 This persian dynasty was pushed away after the death of Dawla and Badh could now take over Mayyāfāriqīn
C_bOAX7aWMM-00024-00015426-00015919 a city located close to Amed, which he eventually also would conquere
C_bOAX7aWMM-00025-00015919-00016168 the upcoming years, Badh grew and grew
C_bOAX7aWMM-00026-00016168-00016684 , and secured his control over various cities and villages around the Van Lake.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00027-00016684-00017318 The Marwanid Dynasty under Badh would soon take over Armenian lands, at the same time as Badh
C_bOAX7aWMM-00028-00017318-00018002 tooks advantage of chaotical situations during the rebellion of  Bardas Phokas the Younger
C_bOAX7aWMM-00029-00018002-00018226 in the Byziantine Empire.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00030-00018236-00019176 City of Mus was also conquered by the Marwanids, who now had achieved becoming strong in the area, 966.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00031-00019176-00019812 The Marwanid Dynasty would last for several generations, mostly ruled within the same family.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00032-00019812-00020610 Looking at history, among many things, we can find the syriac chronicler Elias of Nisibis who mentioned the life
C_bOAX7aWMM-00033-00020610-00020948 of Abu Ali al-Hasan, the nephiew of Badh.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00034-00020950-00021804 After the death of his uncle, Abu Ali came back to Hisn-Kayfa and married the widow of the old warrior chief
C_bOAX7aWMM-00035-00021812-00022530 He fought the last Hamdanids, which were a local Shia-Arab dynasty in the area, and would within time conquer
C_bOAX7aWMM-00036-00022530-00023394 all of their central fortresses. According to the scripts available Abu Ali was killed in the city of Amed by
C_bOAX7aWMM-00037-00023394-00023604 rebellious inhabitants.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00038-00023608-00024182 His brother Abu Mansur Sa’id also known as Mumahhid al-Dawla succeded him.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00039-00024202-00025050 after several years of clashes between the Marwanids and the Byziantine empire, the two parts agreed
C_bOAX7aWMM-00040-00025050-00025504 on a lasting peace within the Kurdish Emirate in 992.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00041-00025532-00026160 For the upcoming years, the relations between the Marwanid Dynasty and the Byziantine Empire was quite
C_bOAX7aWMM-00042-00026160-00027062 friendly and the bond between them got even stronger as the Georgian prince David the third of Tao was killed
C_bOAX7aWMM-00043-00027062-00027622 during raids close to the Van Lake reportingly by Arabian tribes.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00044-00027622-00028410 David the third who was a close friend of Emperor Basil II of the Byziantine Empire focused even more on local
C_bOAX7aWMM-00045-00028410-00029164 arabian threats and with this new conflict ongoing, the Marwanid Empire under Mumahhid could build up a lot
C_bOAX7aWMM-00046-00029164-00029908 in their dynasty, not at least the walls of Farqin who until today has Mumahhid inscription on it.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00047-00029908-00030845 However, in year 1000, Mumahhid of Marwanid dynasty offered his submission to the Byziantine Emperor
C_bOAX7aWMM-00048-00030845-00031448 and in return he received the high rank of magistros and doux of the east.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00049-00031480-00032354 Ten years later, Mumahhid was assasinated by his servant, Sharwin ibn Muhammad who assumed the leadership.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00050-00032354-00032898 his reign wouldn't last for long as he soon was overthrown even though that he legitimized
C_bOAX7aWMM-00051-00032898-00033508 the ancient law of the Turks, calling for the killer of a leader to be the new one.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00052-00033508-00034220 Less than a year after taking the throne, the Marwanid family organized themselfs and the third son of Marwan
C_bOAX7aWMM-00053-00034220-00034418 ascended the throne again.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00054-00034418-00035110 When the Marwan family took the power again, the relationship with the Byziantine Empire would decrease
C_bOAX7aWMM-00055-00035110-00035888 the name of the new leader was Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwan and during his approxemantly 50 years
C_bOAX7aWMM-00056-00035888-00036200 he was known as a skillfull and clever leader
C_bOAX7aWMM-00057-00036200-00036730 who successfully navigated relations with surrounding powers
C_bOAX7aWMM-00058-00036730-00037716 In 1026 Nasr Al Dawla took the city of Riha, at the time known as Edessa and had it in his possession for 5 year
C_bOAX7aWMM-00059-00037716-00038288 before it was taken by the Byziantine general George Maniakes in 1031.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00060-00038308-00039056 The next year in 1032, Nasr Al Dawla sent 5000 horsemen under the command of Kurdish general Bal
C_bOAX7aWMM-00061-00039056-00039988 to retake the town of Edessa from the Byziantine Empire who had placed arab tribes in the area to protect it.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00062-00039988-00041054 General Bal also known as Mir Bal, born  august 997 in Bitlis is also known as Bas al Din and Shere Kurdan
C_bOAX7aWMM-00063-00041054-00041270 which means the lion of the Kurds.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00064-00041270-00041986 The Kurdish general Bal, took the city and killed the Arab tribal chief. He then wrote a message to Nasr Al Dawla
C_bOAX7aWMM-00065-00041986-00042788 where it was written: "If you want to save your lordship on Kurdistan".
C_bOAX7aWMM-00066-00042926-00043418 The reign of Nasr Al Dawla was the peak of the Marwanid Dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00067-00043418-00044068 During his rule a lot of citadels, bridges and public baths was built.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00068-00044068-00044596 The famous pira dehderi was built in Amed during the times of this dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00069-00044596-00045322 Nasr also happened to protect political refugees in the area, the most known, the future abbassid caliph
C_bOAX7aWMM-00070-00045322-00045492 al-Muqtadi
C_bOAX7aWMM-00071-00045516-00046302 The Nasr Rule was also one where the relations between Kurds and Syriacs in the area was rich
C_bOAX7aWMM-00072-00046302-00046890 in the field of cultural life, something that the history unfortunetaly has lacked during the years.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00073-00046890-00047366 After the death of Nasr Al Dawla, the power of the Marwanids declined.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00074-00047366-00047978 Another two sons would take the power in the name of the Marwanids but the end of  the dynasty was close
C_bOAX7aWMM-00075-00047978-00048694 and would come through treason as Ibn Jahir, a former vizir left Amed and went to Baghdad
C_bOAX7aWMM-00076-00048694-00049348 there, he convinced the Seljuk sultan Malik Shah the First to assault the Marwanid Dynasty.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00077-00049348-00050008 The consequenses was that the rest of the Dynasty fell under the Seljuks and the last leader of the Marwanids
C_bOAX7aWMM-00078-00050008-00050592 Nasir al-Dawla Mansur kept only the city of Cizir for the rest of his reign.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00079-00050592-00051520 Totally, seven kurdish rulers ruled the dynasty between 983 - 1085 and even though the area would come to see
C_bOAX7aWMM-00080-00051520-00052441 many more Kurdish empires, dynasties and kingdoms, the Marwanid Dynasty is one of the most iconic ones.
C_bOAX7aWMM-00081-00052441-00053720 and that's it for this video, i hope you liked it, until next time, don't forget to like, comment and subscribe
CADY-a312c0-00000-00000394-00000736 For a really long time in my life, I thought that pornography was
CADY-a312c0-00001-00000736-00000927 something that only men struggled with.
CADY-a312c0-00002-00000927-00001166 Even when I was struggling.
CADY-a312c0-00003-00001166-00001789 I remember being a teenage girl and going to different talks, presentations, chastity talks.
CADY-a312c0-00004-00001791-00002252 And all of the girls would be in one room together and told how beautiful we are and
CADY-a312c0-00005-00002252-00002413 how precious we were.
CADY-a312c0-00006-00002413-00002836 And while that was happening, the guys would be in the other room hearing a presentation,
CADY-a312c0-00007-00002836-00003241 getting answers to their struggles with pornography or with lust.
CADY-a312c0-00008-00003241-00003448 And I remember just thinking to myself,
CADY-a312c0-00009-00003448-00003992 "Oh my gosh, I'm struggling with something that girls shouldn't struggle with.
CADY-a312c0-00010-00003992-00004296 And I'm the only girl who's experiencing this."
CADY-a312c0-00011-00004296-00004896 I felt so dirty and so alone, and I felt like I had this secret that no one could know.
CADY-a312c0-00012-00004896-00005210 Because if they knew, they would never think of me the same way.
CADY-a312c0-00013-00005210-00005814 It wasn't until years later that I realized there are literally thousands of other women
CADY-a312c0-00014-00005814-00006093 who have experienced a struggle with pornography.
CADY-a312c0-00015-00006093-00006467 And both men and women can become addicted to pornography.
CADY-a312c0-00016-00006467-00006745 In fact, while one in three men is struggling with pornography,
CADY-a312c0-00017-00006745-00007309 the reality we don't hear about is that one in five women is struggling with a pornography addiction.
CADY-a312c0-00018-00007310-00007738 So, if you're a girl out there, and you're struggling with pornography or with any kind
CADY-a312c0-00019-00007738-00007838 of lust addiction,
CADY-a312c0-00020-00007838-00008095 the first thing I want you to know is that you're not alone.
CADY-a312c0-00021-00008095-00008427 When I started sharing my story about my struggle with pornography,
CADY-a312c0-00022-00008427-00008875 hundreds of women reached out to me and said that they were in that same boat.
CADY-a312c0-00023-00008876-00009199 Feeling like they were alone, feeling like they couldn't share their secret.
CADY-a312c0-00024-00009200-00009550 And desperately asking for help to become free.
CADY-a312c0-00025-00009550-00009674 I've been there.
CADY-a312c0-00026-00009674-00010211 I know what it's like to be the girl who thinks that she's dirty and that she's broken and
CADY-a312c0-00027-00010211-00010338 that she's unloveable.
CADY-a312c0-00028-00010338-00010539 Is pornography just a men's issue?
CADY-a312c0-00029-00010539-00010715 No, it's not.
CADY-a312c0-00030-00010716-00010960 It's not a men's issue or a women's issue.
CADY-a312c0-00031-00010960-00011106 It's a human issue.
CADY-a312c0-00032-00011118-00011582 Every single one of us is impacted by pornography, it's something that all of us
CADY-a312c0-00033-00011582-00011845 need to work together to fight against.
CADY-a312c0-00034-00011845-00012378 And everyone - man, woman, it doesn't matter, can experience freedom from that struggle.
CASzaPFm6lI-00000-00000214-00000324 I'm Fernando.
CASzaPFm6lI-00001-00000324-00000550 I'm a mechanical engineering major at the University of
CASzaPFm6lI-00002-00000550-00000686 Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.
CASzaPFm6lI-00003-00000716-00001011 This summer, I have been working in the Van Vliet lab
CASzaPFm6lI-00004-00001011-00001142 for Material Chemomechanics
CASzaPFm6lI-00005-00001158-00001388 developing mechanical models
CASzaPFm6lI-00006-00001388-00001558 of multiple sclerosis lesions
CASzaPFm6lI-00007-00001558-00001794 using stereo lithography 3D printing
CASzaPFm6lI-00008-00001794-00001994 to re-create variations of mechanical
CASzaPFm6lI-00009-00001994-00002090 stiffness.
CASzaPFm6lI-00010-00002126-00002270 Our research is focused
CASzaPFm6lI-00011-00002284-00002484 on finding cures for multiple sclerosis,
CASzaPFm6lI-00012-00002550-00002910 Multiple sclerosis is a very debilitating disease
CASzaPFm6lI-00013-00002910-00003108 in which neurons lose
CASzaPFm6lI-00014-00003108-00003456 a very important membrane called myelin,
CASzaPFm6lI-00015-00003456-00003702 and when this happens neurons eventually die
CASzaPFm6lI-00016-00003724-00003978 leading to permanent disability.
CASzaPFm6lI-00017-00004044-00004272 We are trying to find a way to
CASzaPFm6lI-00018-00004300-00004604 stimulate repair of myelin in MS patients
CASzaPFm6lI-00019-00004626-00004848 so that neurological function
CASzaPFm6lI-00020-00004848-00004948 can be restored.
CASzaPFm6lI-00021-00004968-00005289 We are developing polymer-based materials to engineer
CASzaPFm6lI-00022-00005290-00005472 models of MS lesions
CASzaPFm6lI-00023-00005498-00005878 that mimic real lesions in the brain.
CASzaPFm6lI-00024-00005930-00006176 The brain contains some of the most compliant tissue
CASzaPFm6lI-00025-00006214-00006504 and cells in the body which makes recreating
CASzaPFm6lI-00026-00006504-00006686 its structures quite challenging.
CASzaPFm6lI-00027-00006718-00006936 We develop photo-curable resins
CASzaPFm6lI-00028-00006972-00007209 to fabricate hydrogels that span the range
CASzaPFm6lI-00029-00007242-00007404 of physiological and pathological brain
CASzaPFm6lI-00030-00007404-00007522 tissue stiffness.
CASzaPFm6lI-00031-00007572-00007673 In order to control
CASzaPFm6lI-00032-00007690-00007872 the mechanical landscape of 3D models
CASzaPFm6lI-00033-00007872-00008216 Fernando has been optimizing a commercial 3D printer
CASzaPFm6lI-00034-00008226-00008376 to generate stiffness maps
CASzaPFm6lI-00035-00008400-00008702 by changing the grayscale values of digital masks,
CASzaPFm6lI-00036-00008716-00008852 and in this way
CASzaPFm6lI-00037-00008852-00009138 change the extent of cross-linking of the polymer
CASzaPFm6lI-00038-00009138-00009262 within a given model.
CASzaPFm6lI-00039-00009362-00009568 So the first part is to calibrate
CASzaPFm6lI-00040-00009568-00009904 the build head of the 3D printer.
CASzaPFm6lI-00041-00009976-00010148 – as you can see here  –
CASzaPFm6lI-00042-00010182-00010382 and then just put a little bit in the
CASzaPFm6lI-00043-00010486-00010768 PDMS window of the tray.
CASzaPFm6lI-00044-00011200-00011394 You can start printing now
CASzaPFm6lI-00045-00011422-00011826 and you can start a process of calibration.
CASzaPFm6lI-00046-00011918-00012148 We just have to be careful
CASzaPFm6lI-00047-00012194-00012334 to center the build head,
CASzaPFm6lI-00048-00012346-00012772 so it it prints good until you get something cured.
CASzaPFm6lI-00049-00012806-00013150 You're gonna get something like this, for example.
CASzaPFm6lI-00050-00013186-00013462 It can be something over cured, under cured,
CASzaPFm6lI-00051-00013476-00013647 so you're gonna get something solidified.
CASzaPFm6lI-00052-00013688-00013902 So once we have our models printed,
CASzaPFm6lI-00053-00013926-00014276 we have to verify their mechanical properties
CASzaPFm6lI-00054-00014276-00014486 and to do this we use a technique
CASzaPFm6lI-00055-00014504-00014669 called atomic force microscopy
CASzaPFm6lI-00056-00014669-00014834 indentation.
CASzaPFm6lI-00057-00014834-00015196 In this technique, we use very small tips
CASzaPFm6lI-00058-00015216-00015652 to indent samples and obtain force indentation curves
CASzaPFm6lI-00059-00015672-00016013 that allows us to obtain elastic modulus of a sample,
CASzaPFm6lI-00060-00016013-00016396 and this is how we learn about stiffness of our material.
CASzaPFm6lI-00061-00016488-00016818 Our long term goal is to use these models of lesions
CASzaPFm6lI-00062-00016834-00017132 and brain tissue to develop drugs
CASzaPFm6lI-00063-00017170-00017390 that can stimulate myelin repair.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00000-00000071-00000171 Assignments as Home
CB3pFFKBu2A-00001-00000171-00000548 In this short video, we'd like to show you what the entry to a course looks like if Assignments
CB3pFFKBu2A-00002-00000548-00000714 is the home page.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00003-00000714-00001229 When the Assignment option is chosen as the Home, Students will see a full list of upcoming
CB3pFFKBu2A-00004-00001229-00001853 assignments, including the due date and the point value of the assignment.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00005-00001853-00002378 The right-hand side bar also changes with this view, displaying a To-Do list, a quick
CB3pFFKBu2A-00006-00002378-00002721 link to grades, and upcoming assignments.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00007-00002721-00003311 In addition, students have the option to change how the assignments are displayed by toggling
CB3pFFKBu2A-00008-00003311-00003576 to "Show by type."
CB3pFFKBu2A-00009-00003576-00004051 This is useful if there are weighted assignments.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00010-00004051-00004510 Though the assignment view has the potential to help students keep track of their assignments,
CB3pFFKBu2A-00011-00004510-00005005 the drawback is the invitation to skip right to the assignment without going through any
CB3pFFKBu2A-00012-00005005-00005223 of the content.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00013-00005223-00005641 Added to this is the inability to add instructions that will help students who are new to online
CB3pFFKBu2A-00014-00005641-00005871 learning or new to Canvas.
CB3pFFKBu2A-00015-00005871-00006344 It's literally impossible to bake in directions for where students should begin unless the
CB3pFFKBu2A-00016-00006344-00006876 very first assignment on your list is Start Here, and then the assignment somehow walks
CB3pFFKBu2A-00017-00006876-00007438 students through an orientation--that seems pretty difficult to orchestrate!
CB3pFFKBu2A-00018-00007438-00007884 Though the assignments list is useful, it's probably not a great option for a Home page,
CB3pFFKBu2A-00019-00007884-00008104 unless you're doing something truly unique.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00000-00000003-00000554 Ok, this is the top parking,  p11, at the Dubai Mall woah.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00001-00000990-00001242 Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter, Lileko.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00002-00001242-00001723 In this video I'm showing some of the lights at the Dubai Mall as we come to leave.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00003-00002804-00003198 So ends the Dubai visit, oh, I can't believe.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00004-00003198-00003515 Check out my videos of flying back to China tomorrow.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00005-00003620-00003820 It'll be the next ones coming up.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00006-00005904-00006372 Now when we get into Amanda's car, this is the best button.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00007-00007252-00007540 If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing
CCnsXdFZSYu-00008-00007606-00008221 as I post new videos every week giving tips and strategies that may help enhance your travel experiences.
CCnsXdFZSYu-00009-00011009-00011509 Be sure to check out my other videos inside the mall and driving in Dubai.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00000-00000061-00000595 Asustek on Monday unveiled a PC that combines the tablet form-factor with the versatility
CEDwdeF29Xk-00001-00000595-00000901 and power of a Windows 7 laptop.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00002-00000901-00001376 The Eee Pad 121 has a 12-inch touch screen display, which is a couple of inches larger
CEDwdeF29Xk-00003-00001376-00001927 than Apple's iPad, and is based around an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, a chip more typically
CEDwdeF29Xk-00004-00001927-00002032 found in a laptop.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00005-00002032-00002446 Jonney Shih, chairman, Asustek Computer "If you really would like to have the productivity,
CEDwdeF29Xk-00006-00002446-00003051 the media creation and also the media consumption, I think that iPad is definately still not
CEDwdeF29Xk-00007-00003051-00003153 enough."
CEDwdeF29Xk-00008-00003153-00003553 Asustek is aiming it at users that want a tablet-style computer but aren't prepared
CEDwdeF29Xk-00009-00003553-00003911 to make sacrifices when it comes to features or power.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00010-00003911-00004391 There's an on-screen keyboard or a hardware keyboard that the Eee Pad docks onto. Asustek
CEDwdeF29Xk-00011-00004391-00004807 says the device can run for 10-hours before needing a recharge.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00012-00004807-00005106 A launch date or price have not been set.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00013-00005106-00005592 On Monday Asustek also unveiled a 10-inch tablet that runs Microsoft's Windows Embedded
CEDwdeF29Xk-00014-00005592-00006340 Compact 7 software. It will cost between US$399 and US$499 when it debuts on world markets
CEDwdeF29Xk-00015-00006340-00006601 in the first quarter of next year.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00016-00006601-00007206 A third device, an e-reader called the Eee Tablet, will debut in September for $199 to
CEDwdeF29Xk-00017-00007206-00007443 $299.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00018-00007443-00007868 Aimed at students, a handwriting input function allows notes to be taken and a camera has
CEDwdeF29Xk-00019-00007868-00008090 been added so students can take pictures of lecture slides.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00020-00008090-00008661 The devices were unveiled on the eve of the Computex trade show, the annual launchpad
CEDwdeF29Xk-00021-00008661-00009185 for products from Taiwan's technology industry. This year tablet PCs are expected to be big
CEDwdeF29Xk-00022-00009185-00009660 as companies try to cash in on the publicity generated by Apple's iPad.
CEDwdeF29Xk-00023-00009660-00009987 In Taipei this is Martyn Williams, IDG News Service.
CJ3R00gyaTI-00000-00000692-00001382 Finely chop the bell peppers (we used ½ red and ½ orange)
CJ3R00gyaTI-00001-00002502-00003326 Wash the banana peppers and remove lid and seeds
CJ3R00gyaTI-00002-00005142-00006906 Cut the cherry tomatoes in quarters and finely chop the parsley
CJ3R00gyaTI-00004-00015672-00016072 Coat a 26cm baking pan with olive oil
CJ3R00gyaTI-00005-00017214-00019552 Stuff the banana peppers with the mixture and close with their lids
CJ3R00gyaTI-00006-00019648-00020376 Place them in the pan and coat with olive oil
CJ3R00gyaTI-00007-00021730-00022170 Bake at 200 C until golden
CJSfLC7IAW0-00000-00000008-00000848 The ocean is without a doubt the scariest place on earth 95 of it is unexplored so it's no surprise
CJSfLC7IAW0-00001-00000848-00001536 that every year new terrifying creatures are discovered and caught on camera welcome
CJSfLC7IAW0-00002-00001536-00002200 back Charlie here today we'll look at the most terrifying creatures living in our seas from a
CJSfLC7IAW0-00003-00002200-00002952 jellyfish that makes you want to end your own life two humanoid creatures scientists can't explain
CJSfLC7IAW0-00004-00002952-00003679 the first scary sea creature we'll look at is the ninjan ninjins are found in japanese and
CJSfLC7IAW0-00005-00003679-00004464 sub-antarctic oceans they are aquatic humanoids but resemble a whale ninjins are very rare over
CJSfLC7IAW0-00006-00004464-00005160 the years there have been many hoax sightings but in 2010 japanese whale researchers called the most
CJSfLC7IAW0-00007-00005160-00005888 convincing ninjan video ever the video was filmed in arctic waters and comes from the japanese
CJSfLC7IAW0-00008-00005888-00006600 agency for marine earth science and technology the camera clearly shows a large creature with rounded
CJSfLC7IAW0-00009-00006600-00007280 features it has an ominous smile and two large glowing white eyes at first some said this may
CJSfLC7IAW0-00010-00007280-00007848 have been a new species of whale but according to marine biologists no species of whale looks
CJSfLC7IAW0-00011-00007848-00008448 like this meaning that this is likely the closest humans have ever got to a ninjan
CJSfLC7IAW0-00012-00008448-00009104 ninjens do look ominous but they're nothing compared to this tiny jellyfish if you thought
CJSfLC7IAW0-00013-00009104-00009704 sea creatures had to be gigantic to be scary then think again many have gone as far as to say this
CJSfLC7IAW0-00014-00009704-00010416 jellyfish is the scariest animal on the planet the reason why is because it can make you suicidal
CJSfLC7IAW0-00015-00010416-00010968 the iraquanji jellyfish is found in you guessed it australia if you're stung by
CJSfLC7IAW0-00016-00010968-00011568 one of these then it won't hurt that much but it will leave you with an impending sense of doom
CJSfLC7IAW0-00017-00011568-00012152 and it will also make you want to end your own life for up to two weeks people stung by the
CJSfLC7IAW0-00018-00012152-00012888 irriconji jellyfish have ended their own lives the jellyfish is only one centimeter in diameter and
CJSfLC7IAW0-00019-00012888-00013536 in my opinion that's what makes it so scary if you got stung by one of these you may not even know
CJSfLC7IAW0-00020-00013536-00014080 just imagine how many people have ended their own lives and not even known that a jellyfish
CJSfLC7IAW0-00021-00014080-00014688 is to blame even though the irrikunji jellyfish is the most venomous thing on the planet many people
CJSfLC7IAW0-00022-00014688-00015344 don't ever see it coming its venom is a hundred times worse than a cobra snake and one thousand
CJSfLC7IAW0-00023-00015344-00016016 times worse than a tarantulas some people have survived these stings but looking at their scars
CJSfLC7IAW0-00024-00016016-00016632 makes me never want to go in the sea again i think if i ever go to australia i will avoid the beach
CJSfLC7IAW0-00025-00016632-00017208 this jellyfish affects the human body very fast sometimes people are swimming and are stung by
CJSfLC7IAW0-00026-00017208-00017784 this jellyfish they then lose control of their body and sink underwater drowning i think it's
CJSfLC7IAW0-00027-00017784-00018440 safe to say this animal is pretty op it's almost like it was uniquely designed to make humans lives
CJSfLC7IAW0-00028-00018440-00019176 a living hell but i think this next sea creature may inflict even more pain meet the tongue eating
CJSfLC7IAW0-00029-00019176-00019920 laos this underwater creature really is the stuff of nightmares this underwater parasite eats its
CJSfLC7IAW0-00030-00019920-00020512 prey's tongue but here's where it gets weird after eating its praised tongue it then takes
CJSfLC7IAW0-00031-00020512-00021096 the place of its prey's tongue it literally lives in its victims mouths eating all of their food
CJSfLC7IAW0-00032-00021096-00021672 this thing really seems like a sci-fi monster it is found off the coast of california all the way
CJSfLC7IAW0-00033-00021672-00022224 down to the coast of ecuador they're also found in the atlantic ocean too just imagine having
CJSfLC7IAW0-00034-00022224-00022904 a tongue with eyes and legs the scary thing is tongue-eating laos do this multiple times once
CJSfLC7IAW0-00035-00022904-00023544 their host dies they find a new victim and they then become that victim's turn now let's move on
CJSfLC7IAW0-00036-00023544-00024216 to a legendary scary creature found in the waters of japan what is it about japan and creepy things
CJSfLC7IAW0-00037-00024216-00024968 in their seas this is known as an umibozu umibozo meaning sea monk that's because these creatures
CJSfLC7IAW0-00038-00024968-00025632 are gigantic and hairless like a monk they are totally black with humanoid or snake-like limbs
CJSfLC7IAW0-00039-00025632-00026295 they have been sighted by many fishermen over the years and they're said to sometimes capsize ships
CJSfLC7IAW0-00040-00026295-00026944 some believe that umi bozos are simply gigantic squids but many japanese fishermen swear that's
CJSfLC7IAW0-00041-00026944-00027600 what they saw were not squids umi bozos are said to be much larger and stronger some have even
CJSfLC7IAW0-00042-00027600-00028264 compared these to cthulhu that is a mythical gigantic squid which capsizes ships but if you
CJSfLC7IAW0-00043-00028264-00028864 thought umi bosus were the scariest underwater humanoids then you'd be wrong take a look at
CJSfLC7IAW0-00044-00028864-00029495 this video taken from inside a submarine the submarine was lurking below the greenland sea the
CJSfLC7IAW0-00045-00029495-00030983 crew is looking at a school of fish above them but behind them there is a much rarer scarier creature
CJSfLC7IAW0-00046-00031256-00031888 as you can see a large webbed hand slams onto the submarine's window the hand seems to be roughly
CJSfLC7IAW0-00047-00031888-00032520 five times larger than a human hand but has five fingers suggesting this may be a humanoid of some
CJSfLC7IAW0-00048-00032520-00033248 sort the humanoid creature then seems to swim away leaving the submarine crew absolutely stunned and
CJSfLC7IAW0-00049-00033248-00033752 scared you might have missed it but there is one frame where the creature's head can be seen
CJSfLC7IAW0-00050-00033752-00034384 using ai i've enhanced this so we can get a better look it does not look like any sea creature i know
CJSfLC7IAW0-00051-00034384-00034936 but let me know what you think in the comments below but whatever this is it's far from the only
CJSfLC7IAW0-00052-00034936-00035528 unidentified creature living in our waters just take a look at this very mysterious footage of
CJSfLC7IAW0-00053-00035528-00036232 a disc in the water this was recorded by thomas wall he is audibly confused as he sees a large
CJSfLC7IAW0-00054-00036232-00037128 breathing disc i think it's alive i don't know what it is this was filmed in god ridge ontario
CJSfLC7IAW0-00055-00037128-00037744 canada apparently this is near a local nuclear power plant so maybe this is some kind of mutant
CJSfLC7IAW0-00056-00037744-00038392 fish or sea animal it definitely does seem to be breathing suggesting this is alive thomas throws
CJSfLC7IAW0-00057-00038392-00038984 something into the water but the round mass does not move maybe it was not able to or perhaps it's
CJSfLC7IAW0-00058-00038984-00039568 simply not scared what do you think this could possibly be now let's move on to a terrifying sea
CJSfLC7IAW0-00059-00039568-00040288 creature we do know a lot about this is the lancet fish the lancet fish is also known as the hand
CJSfLC7IAW0-00060-00040288-00040984 saw fish they're very rare and live in the ocean but in 2014 one of these fish washed up in north
CJSfLC7IAW0-00061-00040984-00041696 carolina these fish are gigantic with massive fangs to match the scary thing about lancet fish
CJSfLC7IAW0-00062-00041696-00042240 is they hunt other lancet fish they're known for taking the lives of their brothers
CJSfLC7IAW0-00063-00042240-00042912 sisters cousins and even parents this cannibal fish is very dangerous to humans too finally
CJSfLC7IAW0-00064-00042912-00043680 let's look at a very scary sea mystery that is the mystery of krabzilla in 2014 sightings of a
CJSfLC7IAW0-00065-00043680-00044400 15-meter giant crab were recorded in the uk it was apparently seen in whitstable of the kent coast
CJSfLC7IAW0-00066-00044400-00045032 some boys who were crabbing reported it and the giant crab was even reportedly seen on google maps
CJSfLC7IAW0-00067-00045032-00045616 this was reported by lots of newspapers at the time but to this day the verdict is still out the
CJSfLC7IAW0-00068-00045616-00046240 crab is no longer there in person but satellite images do appear to match the reports many locals
CJSfLC7IAW0-00069-00046240-00046832 made what do you think is krabzilla real or not but now it's time for you to make your
CJSfLC7IAW0-00070-00046832-00047504 voice heard comment below which was the scariest sea creature in this video if you want to see my
CJSfLC7IAW0-00071-00047504-00048208 shorts then check out my new channel but as always thanks for watching i've been Charlie leave a like
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CKVxHxveqPI-00000-00000219-00000449 Welcome to the curriculum development
CKVxHxveqPI-00001-00000449-00000633 process professional learning series.
CKVxHxveqPI-00002-00000634-00000887 The focus of this module is phase two,
CKVxHxveqPI-00003-00000888-00001021 articulating and instructional vision.
CKVxHxveqPI-00004-00001021-00001252 My name is Missy Higgins and I'm
CKVxHxveqPI-00005-00001252-00001455 joined by Fox de Moisey and we are
CKVxHxveqPI-00006-00001455-00001583 professional learning coordinators in
CKVxHxveqPI-00007-00001583-00001776 the division of program standards in
CKVxHxveqPI-00008-00001776-00001993 the Office of Teaching and Learning at
CKVxHxveqPI-00009-00001993-00002170 the Kentucky Department of Education.
CKVxHxveqPI-00010-00002170-00002431 There are four phases to the CDP
CKVxHxveqPI-00011-00002431-00002606 and four corresponding modules.
CKVxHxveqPI-00012-00002606-00002736 Before engaging Module 2,
CKVxHxveqPI-00013-00002736-00002932 we recommend that you access the
CKVxHxveqPI-00014-00002938-00003098 introduction to the curriculum
CKVxHxveqPI-00015-00003098-00003298 development process and module 1.
CKVxHxveqPI-00016-00003299-00003527 To gain context for the learning
CKVxHxveqPI-00017-00003527-00003683 that follows for this module,
CKVxHxveqPI-00018-00003683-00003844 please make sure you have access
CKVxHxveqPI-00019-00003844-00004000 to the following documents,
CKVxHxveqPI-00020-00004001-00004182 the curriculum development process
CKVxHxveqPI-00021-00004182-00004408 from the model curriculum framework,
CKVxHxveqPI-00022-00004409-00004641 a copy of the participant handout to hold
CKVxHxveqPI-00023-00004641-00004820 your thinking throughout the module,
CKVxHxveqPI-00024-00004821-00004976 and the CDP self-assessment tool
CKVxHxveqPI-00025-00004976-00005196 which you will use to assess where
CKVxHxveqPI-00026-00005196-00005405 your district may be in relation to
CKVxHxveqPI-00027-00005405-00005624 the essential elements of phase two.
CKVxHxveqPI-00028-00005625-00005768 All materials are hyperlinked
CKVxHxveqPI-00029-00005768-00005983 on the slide for easy access.
CKVxHxveqPI-00030-00006281-00006500 Before we move into phase two content,
CKVxHxveqPI-00031-00006501-00006735 it will be helpful for you to establish
CKVxHxveqPI-00032-00006735-00006934 a baseline level of understanding.
CKVxHxveqPI-00033-00006934-00007316 Look briefly at the name phase two articulate
CKVxHxveqPI-00034-00007316-00007542 instructional vision in its two steps.
CKVxHxveqPI-00035-00007543-00007753 Next, consider our learning goal.
CKVxHxveqPI-00036-00007753-00007944 We are learning about the importance
CKVxHxveqPI-00037-00007944-00008113 of establishing a shared understanding
CKVxHxveqPI-00038-00008113-00008296 of the subject area content,
CKVxHxveqPI-00039-00008297-00008545 skills and pedagogy to inform a local
CKVxHxveqPI-00040-00008545-00008705 instructional vision that guides
CKVxHxveqPI-00041-00008705-00008894 the curriculum development process.
CKVxHxveqPI-00042-00008895-00009033 This information will be helpful
CKVxHxveqPI-00043-00009033-00009144 on the next slide.
CKVxHxveqPI-00044-00009145-00009293 When we activate background knowledge,
CKVxHxveqPI-00045-00009293-00009471 you might have about this second
CKVxHxveqPI-00046-00009471-00009624 phase of the curriculum development
CKVxHxveqPI-00047-00009624-00009828 process and is also available at the
CKVxHxveqPI-00048-00009828-00010025 top of your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00049-00010263-00010479 We will use a no need to know approach
CKVxHxveqPI-00050-00010479-00010692 for activating background knowledge.
CKVxHxveqPI-00051-00010693-00010906 First, note things you may already
CKVxHxveqPI-00052-00010906-00011085 know about our learning goal,
CKVxHxveqPI-00053-00011085-00011290 perhaps using the title and the steps
CKVxHxveqPI-00054-00011290-00011492 of phase two for added insight.
CKVxHxveqPI-00055-00011492-00011620 And as we're beginning,
CKVxHxveqPI-00056-00011620-00011781 this can certainly include any
CKVxHxveqPI-00057-00011781-00011954 hunches that you may have as well.
CKVxHxveqPI-00058-00011955-00012111 Next, infer things it may be
CKVxHxveqPI-00059-00012111-00012275 important for you to find out
CKVxHxveqPI-00060-00012275-00012412 based on our learning goal.
CKVxHxveqPI-00061-00012413-00012596 So things you may need to know,
CKVxHxveqPI-00062-00012597-00012781 both what you may know and what you
CKVxHxveqPI-00063-00012781-00012946 may need to know can be recorded
CKVxHxveqPI-00064-00012946-00013151 in the table at the top of page
CKVxHxveqPI-00065-00013151-00013296 one of your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00066-00013296-00013435 As the module unfolds,
CKVxHxveqPI-00067-00013435-00013609 hold these list in mind.
CKVxHxveqPI-00068-00013610-00013811 You will be invited to update them
CKVxHxveqPI-00069-00013811-00013989 during the midpoint and closing
CKVxHxveqPI-00070-00013989-00014117 reflections after capturing.
CKVxHxveqPI-00071-00014118-00014252 What you may know and what you
CKVxHxveqPI-00072-00014252-00014338 may need to know,
CKVxHxveqPI-00073-00014338-00014538 please synthesize your overall sense
CKVxHxveqPI-00074-00014538-00014777 of understanding using the one to
CKVxHxveqPI-00075-00014777-00015011 five scale provided this too will be
CKVxHxveqPI-00076-00015011-00015222 revisited during the closing reflection.
CKVxHxveqPI-00077-00015222-00015469 Pause the video and restart after
CKVxHxveqPI-00078-00015469-00015593 completing the self-assessment.
CKVxHxveqPI-00079-00015850-00016002 Now that you have a preliminary
CKVxHxveqPI-00080-00016002-00016166 sense of where you might be
CKVxHxveqPI-00081-00016166-00016307 relative to our learning goal,
CKVxHxveqPI-00082-00016308-00016475 let's move into our success
CKVxHxveqPI-00083-00016475-00016609 criteria for module 2.
CKVxHxveqPI-00084-00016610-00016816 So by the end of this module we want
CKVxHxveqPI-00085-00016816-00017049 you to be able to identify the key
CKVxHxveqPI-00086-00017049-00017289 actions and products of phase two of
CKVxHxveqPI-00087-00017289-00017435 the curriculum development process,
CKVxHxveqPI-00088-00017436-00017640 access resources to support implementation
CKVxHxveqPI-00089-00017640-00017920 of phase two and begin to develop
CKVxHxveqPI-00090-00017920-00018093 an action plan for implementing
CKVxHxveqPI-00091-00018093-00018303 phase two at the local level.
CKVxHxveqPI-00092-00018304-00018506 So let's start with our first
CKVxHxveqPI-00093-00018506-00018642 success criterion that you
CKVxHxveqPI-00094-00018648-00018823 can identify key actions and.
CKVxHxveqPI-00095-00018823-00019150 Products at base two of the
CKVxHxveqPI-00096-00019150-00019314 curriculum development process.
CKVxHxveqPI-00097-00019315-00019482 Phase two is where the curriculum
CKVxHxveqPI-00098-00019482-00019667 team you have formed engage in
CKVxHxveqPI-00099-00019667-00019838 analysis of the standards and
CKVxHxveqPI-00100-00019838-00019976 current research regarding teaching
CKVxHxveqPI-00101-00019976-00020162 and learning in the content area.
CKVxHxveqPI-00102-00020163-00020351 Focus matching that to an
CKVxHxveqPI-00103-00020351-00020502 inventory of local needs.
CKVxHxveqPI-00104-00020503-00020690 The team uses that analysis to
CKVxHxveqPI-00105-00020690-00020853 craft a K12 instructional vision
CKVxHxveqPI-00106-00020853-00021044 of what teaching and learning in
CKVxHxveqPI-00107-00021044-00021252 that content area should look like
CKVxHxveqPI-00108-00021252-00021430 in classrooms across the district.
CKVxHxveqPI-00109-00021431-00021604 It is one of the most crucial
CKVxHxveqPI-00110-00021604-00021747 components of the entire process
CKVxHxveqPI-00111-00021747-00021905 because this is about setting
CKVxHxveqPI-00112-00021905-00022119 the vision that serves as the
CKVxHxveqPI-00113-00022119-00022269 instructional foundation and guides.
CKVxHxveqPI-00114-00022270-00022601 All your work moving forward.
CKVxHxveqPI-00115-00022601-00022804 We want to pause and give you a
CKVxHxveqPI-00116-00022804-00023006 chance to read through phase two as
CKVxHxveqPI-00117-00023006-00023253 you read focus on the key actions and
CKVxHxveqPI-00118-00023253-00023474 products of each step of the phase.
CKVxHxveqPI-00119-00023475-00023675 If accessing the electronic version,
CKVxHxveqPI-00120-00023675-00023850 simply go to the table of contents
CKVxHxveqPI-00121-00023850-00024042 in the CDP document and click on
CKVxHxveqPI-00122-00024042-00024241 phase two and that will take you
CKVxHxveqPI-00123-00024241-00024398 to the start of this section.
CKVxHxveqPI-00124-00024399-00024563 Feel free to annotate directly
CKVxHxveqPI-00125-00024563-00024820 on the text and space is provided
CKVxHxveqPI-00126-00024820-00025075 under success Criterion one on your
CKVxHxveqPI-00127-00025075-00025242 participant handout to capture
CKVxHxveqPI-00128-00025242-00025415 your thinking during your reading.
CKVxHxveqPI-00129-00025415-00025576 Focus in on the text.
CKVxHxveqPI-00130-00025577-00025770 And the key questions we will take
CKVxHxveqPI-00131-00025770-00025968 a closer look at the key tools
CKVxHxveqPI-00132-00025968-00026130 a little later in this module,
CKVxHxveqPI-00133-00026131-00026306 pause the video and restart.
CKVxHxveqPI-00134-00026306-00026520 After you have Redface 2 and captured
CKVxHxveqPI-00135-00026520-00026692 your thinking on your handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00136-00026945-00027164 We want to give you an opportunity to
CKVxHxveqPI-00137-00027164-00027355 process what you read with your team.
CKVxHxveqPI-00138-00027356-00027455 If there are more than
CKVxHxveqPI-00139-00027455-00027588 five or six in your group,
CKVxHxveqPI-00140-00027588-00027807 consider forming 2 or more teams.
CKVxHxveqPI-00141-00027808-00027936 So with your team,
CKVxHxveqPI-00142-00027936-00028208 discuss each step of phase two in order
CKVxHxveqPI-00143-00028208-00028462 focusing on the key actions and products.
CKVxHxveqPI-00144-00028463-00028644 Make sure to equitably share airtime
CKVxHxveqPI-00145-00028644-00028927 as you ask each other clarifying questions,
CKVxHxveqPI-00146-00028927-00029103 and make connections to how you
CKVxHxveqPI-00147-00029103-00029264 currently arrive at an instructional
CKVxHxveqPI-00148-00029264-00029487 vision in your district or school.
CKVxHxveqPI-00149-00029488-00029698 Also feel free to capture any new
CKVxHxveqPI-00150-00029698-00029924 ideas on your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00151-00029924-00030088 Positive video and restart
CKVxHxveqPI-00152-00030088-00030253 after your team discussion.
CKVxHxveqPI-00153-00030556-00030725 If you have more than one team,
CKVxHxveqPI-00154-00030726-00030902 you may want to have a whole group share
CKVxHxveqPI-00155-00030902-00031068 off to hear from others in the room.
CKVxHxveqPI-00156-00031069-00031310 So what thoughts, ideas, connections,
CKVxHxveqPI-00157-00031310-00031524 or questions do you have regarding phase
CKVxHxveqPI-00158-00031524-00031809 two of the curriculum development process?
CKVxHxveqPI-00159-00031810-00031962 Pause the video and restart
CKVxHxveqPI-00160-00031962-00032142 after the whole group share out.
CKVxHxveqPI-00161-00032408-00032598 Because phase two is so foundational to
CKVxHxveqPI-00162-00032598-00032844 the rest of the process and throughout
CKVxHxveqPI-00163-00032844-00033003 implementation of the curriculum,
CKVxHxveqPI-00164-00033004-00033207 we want to spend some time taking
CKVxHxveqPI-00165-00033207-00033417 a closer look at the instructional
CKVxHxveqPI-00166-00033417-00033650 vision and the importance of analyzing
CKVxHxveqPI-00167-00033650-00033868 the Kentucky academic standards.
CKVxHxveqPI-00168-00033869-00034026 The instructional vision is like
CKVxHxveqPI-00169-00034026-00034238 your North star or guiding light and
CKVxHxveqPI-00170-00034238-00034412 it is what you are striving for.
CKVxHxveqPI-00171-00034413-00034588 It doesn't mean that you're there yet,
CKVxHxveqPI-00172-00034589-00034817 and it's not based on your current reality.
CKVxHxveqPI-00173-00034817-00035020 It focuses on the student experience
CKVxHxveqPI-00174-00035020-00035238 and details of what student learning
CKVxHxveqPI-00175-00035238-00035428 should look like in action.
CKVxHxveqPI-00176-00035429-00035645 A well articulated instructional vision
CKVxHxveqPI-00177-00035645-00035862 ensures everyone throughout the district
CKVxHxveqPI-00178-00035868-00036061 is aligned to and working from common
CKVxHxveqPI-00179-00036061-00036222 language in a shared understanding
CKVxHxveqPI-00180-00036222-00036440 of the observable indicators of the
CKVxHxveqPI-00181-00036440-00036683 vision and action at the District,
CKVxHxveqPI-00182-00036683-00036853 school and classroom levels.
CKVxHxveqPI-00183-00036854-00037061 The instructional vision should also
CKVxHxveqPI-00184-00037061-00037227 guide decisions regarding curriculum,
CKVxHxveqPI-00185-00037228-00037344 instructional resources,
CKVxHxveqPI-00186-00037344-00037518 and professional learning.
CKVxHxveqPI-00187-00037518-00037722 It is your gut check when making decisions
CKVxHxveqPI-00188-00037722-00037894 and thinking through the lens of will.
CKVxHxveqPI-00189-00037894-00038111 This decision or action move us
CKVxHxveqPI-00190-00038111-00038306 closer to that instructional vision,
CKVxHxveqPI-00191-00038306-00038517 which is why is the first
CKVxHxveqPI-00192-00038517-00038696 responsibility of the curriculum team.
CKVxHxveqPI-00193-00038696-00038880 It influences all work moving
CKVxHxveqPI-00194-00038880-00039182 forward and it is a living document
CKVxHxveqPI-00195-00039182-00039402 that is regularly revisited.
CKVxHxveqPI-00196-00039403-00039617 When creating your instructional vision,
CKVxHxveqPI-00197-00039617-00039870 there are three important lenses to focus on
CKVxHxveqPI-00198-00039870-00040112 and ensure our reflected throughout lens.
CKVxHxveqPI-00199-00040113-00040305 One is to ensure the vision is aligned
CKVxHxveqPI-00200-00040305-00040508 to the Kentucky academic standards for
CKVxHxveqPI-00201-00040508-00040731 the content area and the foundational
CKVxHxveqPI-00202-00040736-00040940 beliefs within the standards document.
CKVxHxveqPI-00203-00040941-00041134 This second lens is to ensure
CKVxHxveqPI-00204-00041134-00041263 alignment to current research,
CKVxHxveqPI-00205-00041263-00041423 so not about what we may think or
CKVxHxveqPI-00206-00041423-00041645 feel to be true or based on the way
CKVxHxveqPI-00207-00041645-00041786 we've always approached teaching and
CKVxHxveqPI-00208-00041786-00041966 learning in a specific content area,
CKVxHxveqPI-00209-00041967-00042160 but rather aligned to research on what
CKVxHxveqPI-00210-00042160-00042372 actually has been shown to improve student.
CKVxHxveqPI-00211-00042373-00042583 Outcomes the third lens is to take
CKVxHxveqPI-00212-00042583-00042779 into account the local needs of
CKVxHxveqPI-00213-00042779-00042945 your community and the uniqueness
CKVxHxveqPI-00214-00042945-00043130 of your student population.
CKVxHxveqPI-00215-00043130-00043328 Once the team has created a draft
CKVxHxveqPI-00216-00043328-00043456 of the instructional vision,
CKVxHxveqPI-00217-00043456-00043685 it is critical to share it with stakeholders,
CKVxHxveqPI-00218-00043686-00043836 provide opportunities for input,
CKVxHxveqPI-00219-00043836-00044144 and then use that to guide any possible
CKVxHxveqPI-00220-00044144-00044369 revisions before moving into the next
CKVxHxveqPI-00221-00044369-00044674 phase of the curriculum development process.
CKVxHxveqPI-00222-00044675-00044869 For the instructional vision to align
CKVxHxveqPI-00223-00044869-00045055 with the Kentucky academic standards,
CKVxHxveqPI-00224-00045055-00045210 the curriculum development team
CKVxHxveqPI-00225-00045210-00045405 should spend time analyzing the
CKVxHxveqPI-00226-00045405-00045576 standards document as they analyze
CKVxHxveqPI-00227-00045576-00045768 the standards for the content area.
CKVxHxveqPI-00228-00045769-00045986 Focus that the team should consider,
CKVxHxveqPI-00229-00045987-00046180 how the standards are organized.
CKVxHxveqPI-00230-00046180-00046443 What principles guide that organization,
CKVxHxveqPI-00231-00046443-00046615 how learning progresses both
CKVxHxveqPI-00232-00046615-00046787 vertically across grade levels,
CKVxHxveqPI-00233-00046787-00046949 and also within a course,
CKVxHxveqPI-00234-00046949-00047165 and what overarching knowledge,
CKVxHxveqPI-00235-00047165-00047327 understandings and skills
CKVxHxveqPI-00236-00047327-00047489 learning progresses toward.
CKVxHxveqPI-00237-00047489-00047621 There are key sections.
CKVxHxveqPI-00238-00047621-00047866 Built into a content area standards document
CKVxHxveqPI-00239-00047866-00048063 to support these considerations and
CKVxHxveqPI-00240-00048063-00048323 those include the Writers Vision statement,
CKVxHxveqPI-00241-00048324-00048514 design considerations and then the
CKVxHxveqPI-00242-00048514-00048705 foundational documents that were used
CKVxHxveqPI-00243-00048711-00048885 in the creation of the standards.
CKVxHxveqPI-00244-00048886-00049094 Another useful tool is the getting
CKVxHxveqPI-00245-00049094-00049330 to know the cast modules available
CKVxHxveqPI-00246-00049330-00049597 on KYC standards.org.
CKVxHxveqPI-00247-00049597-00049810 Be sure to give adequate considerations
CKVxHxveqPI-00248-00049810-00050027 to the multiple dimensions in the
CKVxHxveqPI-00249-00050027-00050167 student practices of whichever
CKVxHxveqPI-00250-00050167-00050307 content areas being focused
CKVxHxveqPI-00251-00050313-00050519 on because they are fundamental to
CKVxHxveqPI-00252-00050519-00050702 authentic learning within the discipline
CKVxHxveqPI-00253-00050702-00050925 and empower students toward independent,
CKVxHxveqPI-00254-00050926-00051044 lifelong learning comprised
CKVxHxveqPI-00255-00051044-00051241 of deep and critical thinking.
CKVxHxveqPI-00256-00051241-00051527 They are essential to the vibrant
CKVxHxveqPI-00257-00051527-00051669 student learning experiences
CKVxHxveqPI-00258-00051669-00051879 envisioned for Kentucky classrooms.
CKVxHxveqPI-00259-00051879-00052060 We want to stop and allow you a
CKVxHxveqPI-00260-00052060-00052233 chance to process your learning.
CKVxHxveqPI-00261-00052234-00052507 So consider the following two questions.
CKVxHxveqPI-00262-00052508-00052797 In what ways might it clearly articulated
CKVxHxveqPI-00263-00052797-00053040 instructional vision for each content area,
CKVxHxveqPI-00264-00053041-00053208 support curriculum development and
CKVxHxveqPI-00265-00053208-00053417 decision making within the district
CKVxHxveqPI-00266-00053417-00053631 or school and when analyzing
CKVxHxveqPI-00267-00053631-00053797 the Kentucky academic standards,
CKVxHxveqPI-00268-00053798-00053993 including the dimensions, practices,
CKVxHxveqPI-00269-00053993-00054139 and supporting materials,
CKVxHxveqPI-00270-00054140-00054346 which aspect may warrant additional
CKVxHxveqPI-00271-00054346-00054553 focus to meet existing content
CKVxHxveqPI-00272-00054559-00054765 area needs in your local context?
CKVxHxveqPI-00273-00054766-00054869 So in other words.
CKVxHxveqPI-00274-00054869-00055024 Really thinking about areas of the
CKVxHxveqPI-00275-00055028-00055159 standards that will be critical
CKVxHxveqPI-00276-00055159-00055353 for your team to think through to
CKVxHxveqPI-00277-00055353-00055494 help improve student outcomes in
CKVxHxveqPI-00278-00055494-00055612 your school or district.
CKVxHxveqPI-00279-00055612-00055848 We would like for you to 1st
CKVxHxveqPI-00280-00055848-00055993 individually capture your thinking
CKVxHxveqPI-00281-00055993-00056242 around these two questions in the space
CKVxHxveqPI-00282-00056242-00056420 provided under success criterion,
CKVxHxveqPI-00283-00056421-00056611 one on your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00284-00056611-00056791 Then have a team discussion ensuring
CKVxHxveqPI-00285-00056791-00056983 each person has an opportunity to
CKVxHxveqPI-00286-00056983-00057181 share their thinking at any new
CKVxHxveqPI-00287-00057181-00057377 thinking from the team discussion to
CKVxHxveqPI-00288-00057377-00057610 the same space on your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00289-00057610-00057880 So pause the video and restart.
CKVxHxveqPI-00290-00057880-00058035 After and you have individually
CKVxHxveqPI-00291-00058035-00058224 responded to the questions and have
CKVxHxveqPI-00292-00058224-00058377 wrapped up your team discussion.
CKVxHxveqPI-00293-00058675-00058888 We are at the midpoint of the module,
CKVxHxveqPI-00294-00058889-00059128 so we went to pause and give you a chance
CKVxHxveqPI-00295-00059133-00059372 to reflect based on your learning so far.
CKVxHxveqPI-00296-00059373-00059532 What might you now add to your?
CKVxHxveqPI-00297-00059533-00059753 No need to know table at the top of your
CKVxHxveqPI-00298-00059758-00059959 participant handout and Please note
CKVxHxveqPI-00299-00059959-00060159 this could include transferring items
CKVxHxveqPI-00300-00060166-00060380 from your need to know to your no list.
CKVxHxveqPI-00301-00060380-00060470 When appropriate,
CKVxHxveqPI-00302-00060470-00060692 pause the video and restart.
CKVxHxveqPI-00303-00060692-00060832 Once you have added your thinking
CKVxHxveqPI-00304-00060832-00060987 to the no need to no table.
CKVxHxveqPI-00305-00061394-00061682 We're going to move into our second success
CKVxHxveqPI-00306-00061682-00061974 criteria and that you can access resources
CKVxHxveqPI-00307-00061974-00062186 to support phase two implementation.
CKVxHxveqPI-00308-00062187-00062422 Step one is about planning and identifying
CKVxHxveqPI-00309-00062422-00062588 resources for establishing a shared
CKVxHxveqPI-00310-00062588-00062780 understanding of the subject area, content,
CKVxHxveqPI-00311-00062780-00063029 skills and relevant pedagogy prior to
CKVxHxveqPI-00312-00063029-00063266 development or revision of the curriculum,
CKVxHxveqPI-00313-00063266-00063403 which provides a common
CKVxHxveqPI-00314-00063403-00063539 foundation for the work.
CKVxHxveqPI-00315-00063539-00063698 The team analysis planning template
CKVxHxveqPI-00316-00063698-00063904 allows the curriculum team to gain
CKVxHxveqPI-00317-00063904-00064108 clarity around the essential elements
CKVxHxveqPI-00318-00064108-00064271 and professional learning considerations
CKVxHxveqPI-00319-00064276-00064458 needed to help them reach a deep
CKVxHxveqPI-00320-00064458-00064617 understanding of the content area.
CKVxHxveqPI-00321-00064617-00064779 This ensures readiness for
CKVxHxveqPI-00322-00064779-00064941 crafting and instructional vision.
CKVxHxveqPI-00323-00065154-00065339 Step 2 proceeds from the curriculum
CKVxHxveqPI-00324-00065339-00065492 team shared understanding of the
CKVxHxveqPI-00325-00065492-00065644 depth and rigor of the standards.
CKVxHxveqPI-00326-00065645-00065824 A common view of content pedagogy
CKVxHxveqPI-00327-00065824-00066003 grounded in current research and an
CKVxHxveqPI-00328-00066003-00066165 understanding of the needs of the
CKVxHxveqPI-00329-00066165-00066337 local community in order to develop
CKVxHxveqPI-00330-00066337-00066479 an instructional vision of teaching
CKVxHxveqPI-00331-00066479-00066697 and learning for that content area.
CKVxHxveqPI-00332-00066697-00066811 Sample instructional visions linked
CKVxHxveqPI-00333-00066811-00067054 as tools in the CDP of which this
CKVxHxveqPI-00334-00067054-00067254 instructional vision for social studies is.
CKVxHxveqPI-00335-00067255-00067523 1 offer a range of ways this
CKVxHxveqPI-00336-00067523-00067755 task can be approached.
CKVxHxveqPI-00337-00067755-00067887 In addition to the key tools,
CKVxHxveqPI-00338-00067888-00068079 the CDP also contains an appendix
CKVxHxveqPI-00339-00068079-00068207 that provides more support
CKVxHxveqPI-00340-00068212-00068361 for implementing each phase.
CKVxHxveqPI-00341-00068644-00068816 The phase two toolkit includes
CKVxHxveqPI-00342-00068816-00068920 the professional learning
CKVxHxveqPI-00343-00068920-00069102 module and associated resources.
CKVxHxveqPI-00344-00069103-00069224 Sample artifacts from districts
CKVxHxveqPI-00345-00069224-00069443 around the state and video clips from
CKVxHxveqPI-00346-00069443-00069567 districts sharing their experiences
CKVxHxveqPI-00347-00069567-00069765 as they work through the process.
CKVxHxveqPI-00348-00069765-00069954 We will move here and do
CKVxHxveqPI-00349-00069954-00070049 some sample artifacts.
CKVxHxveqPI-00350-00070270-00070409 Carefully crafting an instructional
CKVxHxveqPI-00351-00070409-00070583 vision that allows for full
CKVxHxveqPI-00352-00070583-00070749 alignment to the cast while also
CKVxHxveqPI-00353-00070749-00070911 embodying what matters most to a
CKVxHxveqPI-00354-00070911-00071061 district's vision and values gives
CKVxHxveqPI-00355-00071061-00071225 the curriculum process its driver.
CKVxHxveqPI-00356-00071225-00071398 For ongoing decision making.
CKVxHxveqPI-00357-00071398-00071585 This is an example of an instructional
CKVxHxveqPI-00358-00071585-00071736 vision for reading and writing
CKVxHxveqPI-00359-00071736-00071864 from Anchorage Public School.
CKVxHxveqPI-00360-00072131-00072304 Here's an example of an instructional vision
CKVxHxveqPI-00361-00072304-00072478 for reading and writing Garrett County,
CKVxHxveqPI-00362-00072479-00072697 created to drive their decision making
CKVxHxveqPI-00363-00072697-00072843 throughout the curriculum process.
CKVxHxveqPI-00364-00073241-00073428 We want to give you some time to
CKVxHxveqPI-00365-00073428-00073589 explore phase two tools and resources
CKVxHxveqPI-00366-00073589-00073787 as you explore focus on which tools
CKVxHxveqPI-00367-00073787-00073970 and resources may be most beneficial
CKVxHxveqPI-00368-00073970-00074184 to supporting the work of face to
CKVxHxveqPI-00369-00074184-00074367 what tools and or resources may
CKVxHxveqPI-00370-00074373-00074613 still be needed to support phase two.
CKVxHxveqPI-00371-00074613-00074817 You can hold your thinking in the
CKVxHxveqPI-00372-00074817-00074987 designated section of the participant
CKVxHxveqPI-00373-00074987-00075180 handout for this success criterion.
CKVxHxveqPI-00374-00075181-00075316 So pause the video and restart.
CKVxHxveqPI-00375-00075317-00075481 After exploring the resources and capturing
CKVxHxveqPI-00376-00075481-00075681 your thinking on the participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00377-00075948-00076071 If you have more than one team,
CKVxHxveqPI-00378-00076072-00076216 you may want to have a whole
CKVxHxveqPI-00379-00076216-00076376 group share out to hear from
CKVxHxveqPI-00380-00076376-00076499 everyone during your exploration.
CKVxHxveqPI-00381-00076500-00076675 Which tools and resources did you
CKVxHxveqPI-00382-00076675-00076860 think will be most beneficial?
CKVxHxveqPI-00383-00076860-00077063 What were some tools and resources that
CKVxHxveqPI-00384-00077063-00077307 might still be needed to support phase two?
CKVxHxveqPI-00385-00077308-00077428 Pause the video and restart
CKVxHxveqPI-00386-00077428-00077570 after the whole group share out.
CKVxHxveqPI-00387-00077965-00078158 We're to the last success criterion,
CKVxHxveqPI-00388-00078159-00078303 where we want you to provide you
CKVxHxveqPI-00389-00078303-00078450 some time to begin to develop
CKVxHxveqPI-00390-00078450-00078584 an action plan for implementing
CKVxHxveqPI-00391-00078584-00078729 phase two at the local level.
CKVxHxveqPI-00392-00078991-00079171 Before thinking through your action plan,
CKVxHxveqPI-00393-00079171-00079379 we wanna pause for a final reflection to
CKVxHxveqPI-00394-00079379-00079567 anchor your learning from the session so
CKVxHxveqPI-00395-00079567-00079789 you can move it forward into application.
CKVxHxveqPI-00396-00079789-00080044 Go back to the no need to know table on
CKVxHxveqPI-00397-00080050-00080305 page one if you're participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00398-00080306-00080534 Review the items on your no list and
CKVxHxveqPI-00399-00080534-00080744 update as needed which item seems
CKVxHxveqPI-00400-00080744-00080964 most important for you to remember.
CKVxHxveqPI-00401-00080965-00081135 Then review the items on your need
CKVxHxveqPI-00402-00081135-00081322 to know list and update as needed.
CKVxHxveqPI-00403-00081323-00081555 Determine which item seems most important
CKVxHxveqPI-00404-00081555-00081754 to address in supporting implementation
CKVxHxveqPI-00405-00081754-00081980 of phase two in your district.
CKVxHxveqPI-00406-00081981-00082199 Record both of those items in the
CKVxHxveqPI-00407-00082199-00082378 space provided under success Criterion
CKVxHxveqPI-00408-00082378-00082576 3 on your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00409-00082577-00082790 Pause the video and restart after completing
CKVxHxveqPI-00410-00082790-00083000 this step of the final reflection.
CKVxHxveqPI-00411-00083444-00083633 And lastly, we want you to
CKVxHxveqPI-00412-00083633-00083796 reassess your overall level of
CKVxHxveqPI-00413-00083796-00083951 understanding of of our learning
CKVxHxveqPI-00414-00083951-00084146 goal and just for the module.
CKVxHxveqPI-00415-00084146-00084357 Generally after engaging in this
CKVxHxveqPI-00416-00084357-00084629 module on that scale of 1 to 5,
CKVxHxveqPI-00417-00084630-00084835 determine your rating now in the
CKVxHxveqPI-00418-00084835-00084972 space provided under success
CKVxHxveqPI-00419-00084978-00085180 Criterion 3 pause the video and
CKVxHxveqPI-00420-00085180-00085357 restart after completing the second
CKVxHxveqPI-00421-00085357-00085539 portion of the final reflection.
CKVxHxveqPI-00422-00085971-00086176 To help you determine possible next steps,
CKVxHxveqPI-00423-00086177-00086351 we recommend you complete the first
CKVxHxveqPI-00424-00086351-00086531 section from the CDP self-assessment
CKVxHxveqPI-00425-00086531-00086856 tool focused on essential element to an
CKVxHxveqPI-00426-00086856-00087073 articulated K12 instructional vision.
CKVxHxveqPI-00427-00087074-00087257 The element is broken down into
CKVxHxveqPI-00428-00087257-00087349 specific criteria necessary
CKVxHxveqPI-00429-00087349-00087502 for supporting that element,
CKVxHxveqPI-00430-00087502-00087695 with a place for you to give a rating
CKVxHxveqPI-00431-00087695-00087898 on a scale of 1 being not yet present
CKVxHxveqPI-00432-00087898-00088107 in our district to three being fully
CKVxHxveqPI-00433-00088107-00088299 present and systematic in our district.
CKVxHxveqPI-00434-00088299-00088499 Again, this may help you pinpoint
CKVxHxveqPI-00435-00088499-00088725 specific aspects of phase two you want to
CKVxHxveqPI-00436-00088725-00088940 prioritize as a part of your action plan.
CKVxHxveqPI-00437-00089349-00089476 With your district teams,
CKVxHxveqPI-00438-00089476-00089635 you'll use your participant handout
CKVxHxveqPI-00439-00089635-00089808 to begin thinking about possible
CKVxHxveqPI-00440-00089808-00090005 next steps, completion dates,
CKVxHxveqPI-00441-00090005-00090133 supporting resources,
CKVxHxveqPI-00442-00090133-00090256 responsibilities, and support.
CKVxHxveqPI-00443-00090256-00090315 You'll need.
CKVxHxveqPI-00444-00090315-00090492 Planning notes can be captured at
CKVxHxveqPI-00445-00090497-00090677 the end of your participant handout.
CKVxHxveqPI-00446-00091026-00091249 And finally, we ask that you take time to
CKVxHxveqPI-00447-00091249-00091414 complete the short Professional Learning
CKVxHxveqPI-00448-00091414-00091649 survey to provide feedback on module 2
CKVxHxveqPI-00449-00091649-00091841 and Ella certificate is available and can
CKVxHxveqPI-00450-00091841-00092065 be accessed at the end of the survey.
CKVxHxveqPI-00451-00092066-00092246 And please feel free to reach out to Mr
CKVxHxveqPI-00452-00092246-00092437 to me with any questions you may have.
CKVxHxveqPI-00453-00092438-00092604 Thank you for participating in Module
CKVxHxveqPI-00454-00092604-00092768 2 of the curriculum development
CKVxHxveqPI-00455-00092768-00092960 process professional Learning series.
CME8edypwDE-00000-00001055-00001163 Hi everyone.
CME8edypwDE-00001-00001163-00001226 Thanks so much.
CME8edypwDE-00002-00001226-00001469 This is like, a full room.
CME8edypwDE-00003-00001469-00001637 So thanks so much for coming to my talk.
CME8edypwDE-00004-00001637-00001930 I'm really, really glad to be here for Unity Through
CME8edypwDE-00005-00001930-00002084 Diversity Week.
CME8edypwDE-00006-00002084-00002241 And you know the other thing, as John
CME8edypwDE-00007-00002241-00002387 was mentioning in the introduction,
CME8edypwDE-00008-00002387-00002675 actually, my mom taught here at Highline College
CME8edypwDE-00009-00002675-00002762 almost 30 years ago.
CME8edypwDE-00010-00002762-00002867 She taught Spanish here.
CME8edypwDE-00011-00002867-00003152 So I feel really honored to be here again, you know.
CME8edypwDE-00012-00003152-00003547 I guess, so it's a nice coincidence.
CME8edypwDE-00013-00003547-00003818 OK, so the topic of my discussion today
CME8edypwDE-00014-00003818-00004262 is, as you can see here, "Struggles Across Borders--
CME8edypwDE-00015-00004262-00004508 Resisting Climate Breakdown and State Violence."
CME8edypwDE-00016-00004508-00004829 And so you might notice that I'm using the word "climate
CME8edypwDE-00017-00004829-00005103 breakdown," as opposed to "climate change."
CME8edypwDE-00018-00005103-00005261 And the reason for this is that I
CME8edypwDE-00019-00005261-00005567 think that this describes our situation more accurately
CME8edypwDE-00020-00005567-00005709 than simply, "climate change."
CME8edypwDE-00021-00005709-00006083 Climate change kind of implies like, a passive process,
CME8edypwDE-00022-00006083-00006241 like it's kind of happening, it's
CME8edypwDE-00023-00006241-00006371 kind of like a natural process.
CME8edypwDE-00024-00006371-00006695 But what's actually happening is that the climate is at risk
CME8edypwDE-00025-00006695-00007078 of breaking down entirely.
CME8edypwDE-00026-00007078-00007455 So I'm going to split up my comments in three parts.
CME8edypwDE-00027-00007455-00007680 I'm going to give a theoretical introduction
CME8edypwDE-00028-00007680-00007856 about this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00029-00007856-00008178 I'm going to give some examples of cross-border resistance,
CME8edypwDE-00030-00008178-00008382 both against environmental destruction,
CME8edypwDE-00031-00008382-00008700 and against state violence.
CME8edypwDE-00032-00008700-00009006 And try to answer this very important question, which
CME8edypwDE-00033-00009006-00009327 is, how is it that we can resist these trends
CME8edypwDE-00034-00009327-00009669 toward environmental destruction,
CME8edypwDE-00035-00009669-00010089 reassert our power collectively, and remake our world so as
CME8edypwDE-00036-00010089-00010398 to actually stave off this horrible threat
CME8edypwDE-00037-00010398-00010691 that we are facing.
CME8edypwDE-00038-00010691-00011305 So I want to begin by discussing borders and sovereignty.
CME8edypwDE-00039-00011305-00011488 And I'm going to give some examples
CME8edypwDE-00040-00011488-00011725 through my life and my work, and I just
CME8edypwDE-00041-00011725-00011851 want to mention them here.
CME8edypwDE-00042-00011851-00012085 So No Más Muertes, or No More Deaths,
CME8edypwDE-00043-00012085-00012681 is a group on the border with Arizona and Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00044-00012681-00012822 SIPAZ is the International Service
CME8edypwDE-00045-00012822-00013081 for Peace, where I worked in Mexico, almost 10 years ago,
CME8edypwDE-00046-00013081-00013171 for a year.
CME8edypwDE-00047-00013171-00013384 And then Palestine, I was there for six months
CME8edypwDE-00048-00013384-00013468 in the West Bank.
CME8edypwDE-00049-00013468-00013627 Syria, I've never been to Syria, but I
CME8edypwDE-00050-00013627-00013947 have been involved with solidarity movements
CME8edypwDE-00051-00013947-00014225 with the people of Syria in the last few years.
CME8edypwDE-00052-00014225-00014384 So I want to just give, as I said,
CME8edypwDE-00053-00014384-00014563 a theoretical introduction to this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00054-00014563-00014772 So in order to understand what's going
CME8edypwDE-00055-00014772-00015073 on with the environment and the climate,
CME8edypwDE-00056-00015073-00015319 I think we really need to look at the institutions that are
CME8edypwDE-00057-00015319-00015511 governing our society, right?
CME8edypwDE-00058-00015511-00015868 So I want to just begin by discussing, what is the state?
CME8edypwDE-00059-00015868-00016240 The state, it's another word for government,
CME8edypwDE-00060-00016240-00016544 and it's really actually a very recent invention.
CME8edypwDE-00061-00016544-00016945 It goes back to the Treaty of Westphalia in Europe, 1648.
CME8edypwDE-00062-00016945-00017425 So states can be said to basically be institutions
CME8edypwDE-00063-00017425-00017653 that govern a given territory--
CME8edypwDE-00064-00017653-00017962 as the sociologist Max Weber said--
CME8edypwDE-00065-00017962-00018448 states have a monopoly over the effective use of force,
CME8edypwDE-00066-00018448-00018722 or the legitimate use of force within a given territory.
CME8edypwDE-00067-00018722-00019003 So if you think about the police, or the military,
CME8edypwDE-00068-00019003-00019265 this is what Weber is getting at.
CME8edypwDE-00069-00019265-00019594 And in general, the state is a pyramidal social institution.
CME8edypwDE-00070-00019594-00019963 That is to say, it is not an egalitarian or collective one.
CME8edypwDE-00071-00019963-00020377 Rather, there is a concentration at the top of power,
CME8edypwDE-00072-00020377-00020791 and a small group of people basically decide politics
CME8edypwDE-00073-00020791-00021198 for the rest of the country and of the world.
CME8edypwDE-00074-00021198-00021468 So I just want to pose the question, like,
CME8edypwDE-00075-00021468-00021747 do you see any borders here?
CME8edypwDE-00076-00021747-00022029 No, right?
CME8edypwDE-00077-00022029-00022261 I mean, borders are entirely arbitrary.
CME8edypwDE-00078-00022261-00022605 We can say that if you look at the US-Mexico border
CME8edypwDE-00079-00022605-00022869 with Texas, there is the Rio Grande, for example.
CME8edypwDE-00080-00022869-00023166 There's many different rivers, and mountain ranges,
CME8edypwDE-00081-00023166-00023394 and things that throughout history have
CME8edypwDE-00082-00023394-00023761 served as like, an effective boundary, or border.
CME8edypwDE-00083-00023761-00023916 But when we talk about borders, we're
CME8edypwDE-00084-00023916-00024099 talking about specific social institution,
CME8edypwDE-00085-00024099-00024410 and we're talking about the state.
CME8edypwDE-00086-00024410-00024776 So I mean borders are arbitrary, as you can see here,
CME8edypwDE-00087-00024776-00025124 it's just another representation of the same thing.
CME8edypwDE-00088-00025124-00025287 OK and then the second main--
CME8edypwDE-00089-00025287-00025504 the second main social institution
CME8edypwDE-00090-00025504-00025768 I want to talk about here today is capitalism, right?
CME8edypwDE-00091-00025768-00025983 And capitalism describes our economy,
CME8edypwDE-00092-00025983-00026367 how it is that we organize production, consumption,
CME8edypwDE-00093-00026367-00026518 distribution, and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00094-00026518-00026833 So of course, capitalism doesn't mean "the economy."
CME8edypwDE-00095-00026833-00027061 Rather, if we look at human history,
CME8edypwDE-00096-00027061-00027292 from Mesopotamia to the present--
CME8edypwDE-00097-00027292-00027570 and even before all of that happened, before the state even
CME8edypwDE-00098-00027570-00027898 arose with agriculture in the Middle East several thousand
CME8edypwDE-00099-00027898-00028036 years ago--
CME8edypwDE-00100-00028036-00028358 so we see that capitalism is a specific form of economy,
CME8edypwDE-00101-00028358-00028408 right?
CME8edypwDE-00102-00028408-00028624 And it's organized around the principle of profit.
CME8edypwDE-00103-00028624-00029110 That is to say, making more money than you spend in a given
CME8edypwDE-00104-00029110-00029314 business operation, right?
CME8edypwDE-00105-00029314-00029473 And so there is some debate about when
CME8edypwDE-00106-00029473-00029770 it is that this economic system began.
CME8edypwDE-00107-00029770-00030082 Some historians say that it began with 1492,
CME8edypwDE-00108-00030082-00030397 when Columbus quote unquote "discovered" the New World.
CME8edypwDE-00109-00030397-00030795 Or you can also say that the early 1600s.
CME8edypwDE-00110-00030795-00031024 And I just want to give to two definitions
CME8edypwDE-00111-00031024-00031245 for trying to understand what capitalism is.
CME8edypwDE-00112-00031245-00031445 The first comes from Karl Polanyi,
CME8edypwDE-00113-00031445-00031636 in The Great Transformation, this book,
CME8edypwDE-00114-00031636-00031927 he basically discusses how capitalism
CME8edypwDE-00115-00031927-00032302 is unique as a market economy in history, in human history.
CME8edypwDE-00116-00032302-00032627 Because in capitalism, the market--
CME8edypwDE-00117-00032627-00032830 and if you think about the Middle East,
CME8edypwDE-00118-00032830-00033262 or indigenous societies here, or Europe in the Middle Ages--
CME8edypwDE-00119-00033262-00033493 all of these societies before capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-00120-00033493-00033655 Of course, in many cases they had
CME8edypwDE-00121-00033655-00033958 markets, that's to say you go to the market to get food,
CME8edypwDE-00122-00033958-00034378 or artisan whatever, whatever good you want.
CME8edypwDE-00123-00034378-00034681 That doesn't mean by itself that you have capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-00124-00034681-00035068 So what Polanyi's point was is that capitalism basically
CME8edypwDE-00125-00035068-00035482 enshrines the economy throughout the entire world, right?
CME8edypwDE-00126-00035482-00035758 And so Habermas, who was a German critical theorist,
CME8edypwDE-00127-00035758-00036031 talks about this as the colonization of the life world.
CME8edypwDE-00128-00036031-00036571 Basically that the economy takes over all of society,
CME8edypwDE-00129-00036571-00036709 rather than just being restricted
CME8edypwDE-00130-00036709-00037126 to one aspect of life, as in previous times.
CME8edypwDE-00131-00037126-00037405 And then of course Karl Marx, in his very famous Capital Volume
CME8edypwDE-00132-00037405-00037819 One defines capitalism as an economy
CME8edypwDE-00133-00037819-00038098 that is based on the exploitation
CME8edypwDE-00134-00038098-00038236 and the commodification of labor.
CME8edypwDE-00135-00038236-00038812 That is to say, that capitalism requires the worker
CME8edypwDE-00136-00038812-00038986 to be subordinate to the boss.
CME8edypwDE-00137-00038986-00039262 That is the basic relationship of capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-00138-00039262-00039487 And capitalism can only come about
CME8edypwDE-00139-00039487-00039781 once the commons have been destroyed.
CME8edypwDE-00140-00039781-00039902 Let me explain that.
CME8edypwDE-00141-00039902-00040312 So in England in the 16th century, and even before then,
CME8edypwDE-00142-00040312-00040387 there was--
CME8edypwDE-00143-00040387-00040648 and throughout the world in fact, in Mexico,
CME8edypwDE-00144-00040648-00040786 in many places--
CME8edypwDE-00145-00040786-00040966 there is such a concept of the commons,
CME8edypwDE-00146-00040966-00041236 or common property, collective property.
CME8edypwDE-00147-00041236-00041509 So if you think about like, grazing with cattle, and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00148-00041509-00041733 In England, many of the poor peasants
CME8edypwDE-00149-00041733-00042106 had a large area of land where they could take their cattle
CME8edypwDE-00150-00042106-00042316 to just graze commonly.
CME8edypwDE-00151-00042316-00042460 And there wasn't any-- no one was
CME8edypwDE-00152-00042460-00042643 owning that land or anything.
CME8edypwDE-00153-00042643-00042859 However capitalism, once it came about,
CME8edypwDE-00154-00042859-00043084 basically required the destruction
CME8edypwDE-00155-00043084-00043216 of all those common lands.
CME8edypwDE-00156-00043216-00043597 And that's how you did in fact have capitalism emerging
CME8edypwDE-00157-00043597-00043870 in England in the 1600s and 1700s.
CME8edypwDE-00158-00043870-00044167 That is to say, the ruling class of England
CME8edypwDE-00159-00044167-00044446 imposed these laws where the common property was all
CME8edypwDE-00160-00044446-00044650 privatized by the rich.
CME8edypwDE-00161-00044650-00044932 So that the peasantry, and the poor people
CME8edypwDE-00162-00044932-00045158 could not rely on those resources anymore.
CME8edypwDE-00163-00045158-00045395 Instead, they had to be subjected to the worker,
CME8edypwDE-00164-00045395-00045466 if you see what--
CME8edypwDE-00165-00045466-00045700 excuse me, to the capitalists, to the boss.
CME8edypwDE-00166-00045700-00045835 So they had to become workers.
CME8edypwDE-00167-00045835-00046070 So that is the whole point of capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-00168-00046070-00046300 And so what's the relationship between these two things
CME8edypwDE-00169-00046300-00046387 I've been discussing?
CME8edypwDE-00170-00046387-00046663 What's the relationship between capitalism and the state?
CME8edypwDE-00171-00046663-00046945 Arguably, the two do reinforce each other.
CME8edypwDE-00172-00046945-00047191 We have some examples we can think of, like the arms trade,
CME8edypwDE-00173-00047191-00047485 for example, which is one of those profitable trades
CME8edypwDE-00174-00047485-00047659 in the entire world.
CME8edypwDE-00175-00047659-00047770 That's a good example.
CME8edypwDE-00176-00047770-00047872 Also wars.
CME8edypwDE-00177-00047872-00048103 If you think of all the wars that the states
CME8edypwDE-00178-00048103-00048439 of the world, all the governments of the world do,
CME8edypwDE-00179-00048439-00048688 that actually serves the arms manufacturers, people
CME8edypwDE-00180-00048688-00048988 who make money off of wars.
CME8edypwDE-00181-00048988-00049306 So the state and capitalism do serve each other in that way.
CME8edypwDE-00182-00049306-00049543 They're both pyramidal social institutions, right?
CME8edypwDE-00183-00049543-00049723 So capitalism is a class society,
CME8edypwDE-00184-00049723-00049909 where there's the rich.
CME8edypwDE-00185-00049909-00050056 In theory there's a middle class,
CME8edypwDE-00186-00050056-00050425 although in fact, as we probably have noticed over the last 30
CME8edypwDE-00187-00050425-00050669 years, that middle class is really shrinking.
CME8edypwDE-00188-00050669-00050932 And then of course, there's the vast majority of the population
CME8edypwDE-00189-00050932-00051054 being workers, right?
CME8edypwDE-00190-00051385-00051634 And you know, we have the phenomenon of capitalist media,
CME8edypwDE-00191-00051634-00051684 right?
CME8edypwDE-00192-00051684-00051958 Like the television, all of these things, how
CME8edypwDE-00193-00051958-00052121 the way that education works.
CME8edypwDE-00194-00052121-00052489 A lot of different cultural aspects of capitalist society
CME8edypwDE-00195-00052489-00052750 actually arguably are programmed so as
CME8edypwDE-00196-00052750-00053062 to continue to serve that same system.
CME8edypwDE-00197-00053062-00053245 So you have the capitalist media,
CME8edypwDE-00198-00053245-00053482 like the mass media promoting nationalism,
CME8edypwDE-00199-00053482-00053880 you know, sexism, racism, ignorance, all these things
CME8edypwDE-00200-00053880-00053941 right?
CME8edypwDE-00201-00053941-00054304 And arguably, that's part of this whole thing, that's
CME8edypwDE-00202-00054304-00054485 part of the whole strategy.
CME8edypwDE-00203-00054485-00054724 So OK, so we have these two institutions which
CME8edypwDE-00204-00054724-00054991 are ruling our world, and as I will describe,
CME8edypwDE-00205-00054991-00055305 are perpetuating this problem of environmental crisis.
CME8edypwDE-00206-00055305-00055432 So what are some alternatives?
CME8edypwDE-00207-00055432-00055700 And that's the main point of my talk today.
CME8edypwDE-00208-00055700-00055966 So I want to I want to stress that some
CME8edypwDE-00209-00055966-00056164 of the alternatives to these two institutions
CME8edypwDE-00210-00056164-00056442 are egalitarian, international social movements.
CME8edypwDE-00211-00056442-00056674 And I will go through a lot of examples.
CME8edypwDE-00212-00056674-00056971 But I just want to frame it, basically here,
CME8edypwDE-00213-00056971-00057183 with regards to principles.
CME8edypwDE-00214-00057183-00057358 So I just want to briefly introduce
CME8edypwDE-00215-00057358-00057598 the idea of liberative social ethics.
CME8edypwDE-00216-00057598-00057930 This is a framework where basically, the idea
CME8edypwDE-00217-00057930-00058174 is that we have to struggle for continuous social
CME8edypwDE-00218-00058174-00058423 transformation or social change.
CME8edypwDE-00219-00058423-00058854 But this approach believes, number one, in human equality,
CME8edypwDE-00220-00058854-00059116 that we're all equal and we all have equal rights.
CME8edypwDE-00221-00059116-00059302 And number two, that we are all free.
CME8edypwDE-00222-00059302-00059548 That we should be free, or we should be allowed to be free.
CME8edypwDE-00223-00059548-00059702 OK, so that's one approach.
CME8edypwDE-00224-00059702-00059861 However, we have a different approach,
CME8edypwDE-00225-00059861-00060279 which is arguably, I would say, the approach that those
CME8edypwDE-00226-00060279-00060429 in power are perpetuating now.
CME8edypwDE-00227-00060429-00060937 Which is to say, authoritarian ethics, which presupposes
CME8edypwDE-00228-00060937-00061366 the denial of human freedom, the imposition of a relationship
CME8edypwDE-00229-00061366-00061654 where there's like, a boss and a worker,
CME8edypwDE-00230-00061654-00061846 or someone on top and someone on bottom.
CME8edypwDE-00231-00061846-00061957 Something like that.
CME8edypwDE-00232-00061957-00062338 And also, you can't see it here, but truth under this paradigm
CME8edypwDE-00233-00062338-00062536 is basically determined by power.
CME8edypwDE-00234-00062536-00062696 Who is it that has power?
CME8edypwDE-00235-00062696-00062884 That's the way that you see truth coming out.
CME8edypwDE-00236-00062884-00063079 And if you look at the Soviet Union in history,
CME8edypwDE-00237-00063079-00063226 there were a lot of lies--
CME8edypwDE-00238-00063226-00063409 of course, that were happening also,
CME8edypwDE-00239-00063409-00063514 of course, here in the United States,
CME8edypwDE-00240-00063514-00063680 with Donald Trump, and all these things.
CME8edypwDE-00241-00063680-00063994 So there are many, many examples of this dynamic playing out.
CME8edypwDE-00242-00063994-00064252 OK so here are some photos.
CME8edypwDE-00243-00064252-00064724 Does anyone recognize this flag here, the green with the red?
CME8edypwDE-00244-00064724-00064891 Syria, right, uh-huh.
CME8edypwDE-00245-00064891-00065329 Anything-- but is that the government flag of Syria?
CME8edypwDE-00246-00065329-00065471 No, right, exactly.
CME8edypwDE-00247-00065471-00065639 That's the Free Syria flag.
CME8edypwDE-00248-00065639-00065870 And the picture that you see in the lower left corner
CME8edypwDE-00249-00065870-00066302 is in Gaza, in occupied Palestine, in the Gaza Strip.
CME8edypwDE-00250-00066302-00066563 Where for the last year, every Friday
CME8edypwDE-00251-00066563-00066830 they've been going out to protest
CME8edypwDE-00252-00066830-00067224 against the Israeli occupation, against their basic
CME8edypwDE-00253-00067224-00067409 their situation, their condition.
CME8edypwDE-00254-00067409-00067657 And so several hundred of Palestinians have died,
CME8edypwDE-00255-00067657-00067820 have been shot by the Israeli military,
CME8edypwDE-00256-00067820-00068043 protesting for their rights on the border.
CME8edypwDE-00257-00068043-00068324 But here you see these women actually also carrying
CME8edypwDE-00258-00068324-00068456 a Free Syria flag.
CME8edypwDE-00259-00068456-00068675 So while they are fighting for their own rights
CME8edypwDE-00260-00068675-00068872 to free Palestine, they are also supporting
CME8edypwDE-00261-00068872-00069245 the brothers and sisters across the border in Syria.
CME8edypwDE-00262-00069245-00069425 And then the other picture that we see here
CME8edypwDE-00263-00069425-00069670 is actually a protest, very recently, from Sudan.
CME8edypwDE-00264-00069670-00069812 I don't know which city it's from,
CME8edypwDE-00265-00069812-00070094 but you can see, similarly, that the Free Syria
CME8edypwDE-00266-00070094-00070403 flag is very inspirational for these people
CME8edypwDE-00267-00070403-00070550 coming out to the streets, who did
CME8edypwDE-00268-00070550-00071120 realize their dream of getting rid of Omar al-Bashir.
CME8edypwDE-00269-00071120-00071327 And the example of the Syrian revolution
CME8edypwDE-00270-00071327-00071558 is really very inspirational around the region,
CME8edypwDE-00271-00071558-00072014 and hopefully maybe even here.
CME8edypwDE-00272-00072014-00072398 And here's another example, a picture from New York.
CME8edypwDE-00273-00072398-00072875 Free Palestinian, Palestine solidarity.
CME8edypwDE-00274-00072875-00073160 There's a lot there's a lot going on with that as well.
CME8edypwDE-00275-00073160-00073448 OK, here's a picture of some people who were involved with
CME8edypwDE-00276-00073448-00073992 No Más Muertes as I discussed as I mentioned earlier.
CME8edypwDE-00277-00073992-00074267 So No Más Muertes this is a group that I also worked with
CME8edypwDE-00278-00074267-00074658 for a little bit in 2012, and what they do is that they are
CME8edypwDE-00279-00074658-00075018 on the border of Arizona with Mexico,
CME8edypwDE-00280-00075018-00075489 and they basically provide humanitarian aid,
CME8edypwDE-00281-00075489-00075779 with regards to food.
CME8edypwDE-00282-00075779-00076119 No Más Muertes does border water drops throughout different
CME8edypwDE-00283-00076119-00076524 trails where migrants typically go, and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00284-00076524-00076731 So it's definitely a great example
CME8edypwDE-00285-00076731-00077082 of what I'm trying to propose here, in terms of like, grass
CME8edypwDE-00286-00077082-00077551 roots people power approaches to this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00287-00077551-00077817 However, you do see that recently No Más Muertes has
CME8edypwDE-00288-00077817-00078136 been cracked down on by the Trump administration.
CME8edypwDE-00289-00078136-00078390 They're now facing multiple felony counts
CME8edypwDE-00290-00078390-00078594 for simply engaging in solidarity
CME8edypwDE-00291-00078594-00079038 work, humanitarian support for these oppressed migrants.
CME8edypwDE-00292-00079038-00079194 So there's also that problem, right,
CME8edypwDE-00293-00079194-00079509 which is that when we have movements and groups that
CME8edypwDE-00294-00079509-00080046 are supporting vulnerable people or groups like migrants, whose
CME8edypwDE-00295-00080046-00080553 existence threatens the whole existence of the state, then
CME8edypwDE-00296-00080553-00080754 we see that the state cracks down on this.
CME8edypwDE-00297-00080754-00080973 And I have many other examples that I'll get to.
CME8edypwDE-00298-00081087-00081324 So solidarity, this is a principle, right?
CME8edypwDE-00299-00081324-00081702 This is a principle of international social movements.
CME8edypwDE-00300-00081702-00081876 So solidarity, basically, I would
CME8edypwDE-00301-00081876-00082395 say is another way of expressing human compassion,
CME8edypwDE-00302-00082395-00082619 human compassion, and also human egalitarianism.
CME8edypwDE-00303-00082619-00082920 That is to say, we're all in this together,
CME8edypwDE-00304-00082920-00083103 and we should support each other, right?
CME8edypwDE-00305-00083103-00083433 And so solidarity does not distinguish
CME8edypwDE-00306-00083433-00083691 between anyone who is in this country as opposed
CME8edypwDE-00307-00083691-00083871 to any other country, because we're
CME8edypwDE-00308-00083871-00084105 all the same, in the sense that we're all humans.
CME8edypwDE-00309-00084105-00084336 So that's what internationalism means.
CME8edypwDE-00310-00084336-00084584 That we don't discriminate against people
CME8edypwDE-00311-00084584-00084784 simply because they're from a different country.
CME8edypwDE-00312-00084784-00085047 Rather, we should incorporate their interests
CME8edypwDE-00313-00085047-00085269 into our own struggles.
CME8edypwDE-00314-00085269-00085500 And solidarity shows how arbitrary borders are,
CME8edypwDE-00315-00085500-00085686 and how arbitrary states are.
CME8edypwDE-00316-00086011-00086178 So that was my theoretical introduction.
CME8edypwDE-00317-00086178-00086418 So now let's talk about the environmental crisis.
CME8edypwDE-00318-00086418-00086565 So what about nature?
CME8edypwDE-00319-00086565-00086901 Here you see from a famous photo of the BP Oil Spill
CME8edypwDE-00320-00086901-00087402 in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.
CME8edypwDE-00321-00087402-00087807 And so this is a photo from the Cancun Conference of Parties.
CME8edypwDE-00322-00087807-00088119 The Conference of Parties is a yearly conference
CME8edypwDE-00323-00088119-00088270 where all the major--
CME8edypwDE-00324-00088270-00088479 well, in theory, all of the countries of the world
CME8edypwDE-00325-00088479-00088854 come together to try to hash out a treaty in order
CME8edypwDE-00326-00088854-00089007 to deal with climate change.
CME8edypwDE-00327-00089007-00089223 And so they've been doing this for many, many years.
CME8edypwDE-00328-00089223-00089443 I would say over 20 years at this point.
CME8edypwDE-00329-00089443-00089679 And so there has been a lot of discourse,
CME8edypwDE-00330-00089679-00089860 a lot of talk about how nature has rights,
CME8edypwDE-00331-00089860-00090090 how the environment, we should support the environment,
CME8edypwDE-00332-00090090-00090327 we should protect it, and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00333-00090327-00090657 But this cartoon is kind of criticizing that concept.
CME8edypwDE-00334-00090657-00090897 Like, what rights does nature have
CME8edypwDE-00335-00090897-00091173 when it's being subjected to all of these destructive things,
CME8edypwDE-00336-00091173-00091685 like pollution, just wild urbanization,
CME8edypwDE-00337-00091685-00091785 and all of these things.
CME8edypwDE-00338-00091785-00092171 I think you can also see the fish nets below the pig too.
CME8edypwDE-00339-00092346-00092681 So then the question comes, the question is raised,
CME8edypwDE-00340-00092681-00092811 does nature have rights, right?
CME8edypwDE-00341-00092811-00093012 Because you know, humans have rights, in theory.
CME8edypwDE-00342-00093012-00093210 Humans, that's the idea of human rights,
CME8edypwDE-00343-00093210-00093691 that's the idea of egalitarian solidarity across borders.
CME8edypwDE-00344-00093691-00094063 So human rights very much underpins that approach.
CME8edypwDE-00345-00094063-00094389 So similarly, in parallel, can we say that nature has rights?
CME8edypwDE-00346-00094389-00094623 And it's interesting because the Ecuadorian and Bolivian
CME8edypwDE-00347-00094623-00095004 governments in South America, in the last decade or so
CME8edypwDE-00348-00095004-00095181 have actually formally recognized
CME8edypwDE-00349-00095181-00095319 that nature has rights.
CME8edypwDE-00350-00095319-00095544 So in the Bolivian constitution, it's been integrated,
CME8edypwDE-00351-00095544-00095739 and also the Ecuadorian government
CME8edypwDE-00352-00095739-00096018 has passed laws recognizing the same.
CME8edypwDE-00353-00096018-00096348 But is this, is this real, or is this just kind of fake?
CME8edypwDE-00354-00096348-00096615 Is this like, a PR campaign?
CME8edypwDE-00355-00096615-00096975 If you look at Ecuador, in fact, there
CME8edypwDE-00356-00096975-00097266 was a very interesting proposal that the previous government
CME8edypwDE-00357-00097266-00097518 led by President Correa had proposed.
CME8edypwDE-00358-00097518-00097938 That is to say, that there was a very large oil deposit found
CME8edypwDE-00359-00097938-00098154 in the Yasuni biosphere reserve, which is
CME8edypwDE-00360-00098154-00098391 in the Amazon within Ecuador.
CME8edypwDE-00361-00098391-00098739 So Correa basically proposed to the world, look,
CME8edypwDE-00362-00098739-00098919 we estimate the value of this oil
CME8edypwDE-00363-00098919-00099138 to be x number of billion dollars--
CME8edypwDE-00364-00099138-00099300 I don't remember what it was.
CME8edypwDE-00365-00099300-00099453 And so what he was saying is, look,
CME8edypwDE-00366-00099453-00099570 we want to protect the environment,
CME8edypwDE-00367-00099570-00099686 we don't want to destroy it.
CME8edypwDE-00368-00099686-00100020 So pay us, and we won't, OK?
CME8edypwDE-00369-00100020-00100356 So that was his proposal, which completely failed, of course.
CME8edypwDE-00370-00100356-00100854 No one wanted to finance that program.
CME8edypwDE-00371-00100854-00101003 But it is one approach.
CME8edypwDE-00372-00101003-00101271 OK, that's one approach in terms of international cooperation,
CME8edypwDE-00373-00101271-00101439 for trying to deal with this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00374-00101439-00101739 Of course, given that no one paid out,
CME8edypwDE-00375-00101739-00101914 it's currently being completely exploited.
CME8edypwDE-00376-00101914-00102204 And there's been a lot of indigenous peoples resistance
CME8edypwDE-00377-00102204-00102391 and protests against this.
CME8edypwDE-00378-00102391-00102557 But nonetheless, my point here is simply
CME8edypwDE-00379-00102557-00102891 to say that Ecuador formally recognizing that nature
CME8edypwDE-00380-00102891-00103128 has rights, and then goes on to do
CME8edypwDE-00381-00103128-00103341 this you know pretty ecocidal, environmentally
CME8edypwDE-00382-00103341-00103569 destructive action.
CME8edypwDE-00383-00103569-00103749 Of course, that's not to say that we should
CME8edypwDE-00384-00103749-00103879 focus on Ecuador and Bolivia.
CME8edypwDE-00385-00103879-00104055 No, I'm coming to that.
CME8edypwDE-00386-00104055-00104339 Because of course, if we look at historically,
CME8edypwDE-00387-00104339-00104544 since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,
CME8edypwDE-00388-00104544-00104820 the beginning of capitalism, we see very clearly
CME8edypwDE-00389-00104820-00105093 that the United States is by far the most responsible
CME8edypwDE-00390-00105093-00105223 for carbon emissions.
CME8edypwDE-00391-00105223-00105369 For greenhouse gas emissions, which
CME8edypwDE-00392-00105369-00105630 are the emissions that are causing our climate
CME8edypwDE-00393-00105630-00105855 and our atmosphere to warm.
CME8edypwDE-00394-00105855-00106143 So right now, although, and I want to show you the--
CME8edypwDE-00395-00106143-00106219 here we go.
CME8edypwDE-00396-00106219-00106378 So this is a nice chart.
CME8edypwDE-00397-00106378-00106566 This just shows the historical responsibility
CME8edypwDE-00398-00106566-00106708 of all carbon emissions.
CME8edypwDE-00399-00106708-00106923 So you can see that the United States is way higher
CME8edypwDE-00400-00106923-00107148 than anyone else, at 28%.
CME8edypwDE-00401-00107148-00107592 The next highest is China, at 9% of total historical emissions.
CME8edypwDE-00402-00107592-00107919 So even though China right now is actually beating the United
CME8edypwDE-00403-00107919-00108198 States, in the sense it's the number one emitter,
CME8edypwDE-00404-00108198-00108522 clearly the case is that the United States has the most
CME8edypwDE-00405-00108522-00108682 responsibility overall.
CME8edypwDE-00406-00108682-00108861 The other thing that we have to think about
CME8edypwDE-00407-00108861-00109077 is that in China, there is a great, a huge amount
CME8edypwDE-00408-00109077-00109445 of pollution, specifically because China
CME8edypwDE-00409-00109445-00109586 is where so much of the production
CME8edypwDE-00410-00109586-00109833 of the global capitalist economy happens.
CME8edypwDE-00411-00109833-00110139 All of the electronics, so many goods and services
CME8edypwDE-00412-00110139-00110265 that are produced there.
CME8edypwDE-00413-00110265-00110464 And the problem is that basically
CME8edypwDE-00414-00110464-00110802 while we, or the rest of the world enjoys those goods,
CME8edypwDE-00415-00110802-00111059 the problem is that the environmental consequences
CME8edypwDE-00416-00111059-00111356 of those stay in China.
CME8edypwDE-00417-00111356-00111560 So definitely the United States is a huge problem
CME8edypwDE-00418-00111560-00111809 in this sense, in terms of the government.
CME8edypwDE-00419-00111809-00112184 From George H.W. Bush to the current president, Donald
CME8edypwDE-00420-00112184-00112500 Trump, all governments have refused
CME8edypwDE-00421-00112500-00112803 to recognize that this is a serious problem, much
CME8edypwDE-00422-00112803-00113036 less do anything about it.
CME8edypwDE-00423-00113036-00113248 And so a couple of years ago now,
CME8edypwDE-00424-00113248-00113478 Trump withdrew the United States from the Paris Accord,
CME8edypwDE-00425-00113478-00113573 or the Paris Agreement.
CME8edypwDE-00426-00113573-00113936 And that was an agreement that was hashed out
CME8edypwDE-00427-00113936-00114258 a few years back at the Paris Conference of Parties.
CME8edypwDE-00428-00114258-00114504 And there was a lot of fanfare in the global media,
CME8edypwDE-00429-00114504-00114734 everyone was very like, optimistic and hopeful
CME8edypwDE-00430-00114734-00114959 that we were actually going to deal with this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00431-00114959-00115172 Because it seemed that the governments of the world
CME8edypwDE-00432-00115172-00115431 were coming together to do it.
CME8edypwDE-00433-00115431-00115776 Then, of course Donald Trump simply smashed it
CME8edypwDE-00434-00115776-00116296 by basically just withdrawing unilaterally.
CME8edypwDE-00435-00116296-00116658 And here's just a picture of his speech.
CME8edypwDE-00436-00116658-00116830 Yeah, it's very, very sad.
CME8edypwDE-00437-00116830-00117019 OK, I just want to--
CME8edypwDE-00438-00117019-00117265 I know we're dealing with a lot of difficult subjects here,
CME8edypwDE-00439-00117265-00117553 so I just want to just pan out for a moment,
CME8edypwDE-00440-00117553-00117892 just consider what we're dealing with here.
CME8edypwDE-00441-00117892-00118231 So just want to share a few pictures of places
CME8edypwDE-00442-00118231-00118483 that I've visited in my life, some
CME8edypwDE-00443-00118483-00118650 of the more beautiful places.
CME8edypwDE-00444-00118650-00119041 So this is a beach in Oaxaca, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]..
CME8edypwDE-00445-00119041-00119436 This is near Cozumel, in Playa del Carmen.
CME8edypwDE-00446-00119436-00119848 This is in Chiapas, some nice lakes, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]..
CME8edypwDE-00447-00119848-00120130 And this is also very nice, in Chiapas, in the jungle,
CME8edypwDE-00448-00120130-00120261 I went to this Laguna Miramar.
CME8edypwDE-00449-00120261-00120560 Very beautiful.
CME8edypwDE-00450-00120560-00120843 So I want to show you this clip--
CME8edypwDE-00451-00120843-00121178 I don't know if I have time though, so maybe not.
CME8edypwDE-00452-00121178-00121272 Yeah.
CME8edypwDE-00453-00121272-00121567 OK so now, let's look specifically
CME8edypwDE-00454-00121567-00121807 at the problem of climate vulnerability, OK?
CME8edypwDE-00455-00121807-00122215 So this is a map that basically was created
CME8edypwDE-00456-00122215-00122515 by a risk assessment group.
CME8edypwDE-00457-00122515-00122653 And so what they're doing here is
CME8edypwDE-00458-00122653-00122851 they're looking at the projections of climate
CME8edypwDE-00459-00122851-00123186 change over the next century, of climate breakdown,
CME8edypwDE-00460-00123186-00123486 and its impacts on different societies in the world.
CME8edypwDE-00461-00123486-00123706 And so basically it's color-coded, as you can see,
CME8edypwDE-00462-00123706-00123971 the worst effects are in the deep red.
CME8edypwDE-00463-00123971-00124294 And the regions that'll be least affected,
CME8edypwDE-00464-00124294-00124458 or that would be OK, more or less,
CME8edypwDE-00465-00124458-00124648 are those that are green, right?
CME8edypwDE-00466-00124648-00124809 So you see very, very clearly, right,
CME8edypwDE-00467-00124809-00125279 a very, very clear colonial and geographical aspect
CME8edypwDE-00468-00125279-00125338 to this right?
CME8edypwDE-00469-00125338-00125497 Whereby you see that the United States
CME8edypwDE-00470-00125497-00125824 in particular, northern Europe, they seem to be OK.
CME8edypwDE-00471-00125824-00126163 Whereas you know Central Africa is completely baked.
CME8edypwDE-00472-00126163-00126445 Same thing for South Asia, Southeast Asia, and much
CME8edypwDE-00473-00126445-00126689 of Central America and South America.
CME8edypwDE-00474-00126689-00126982 So the problem that we have here in terms of global warming
CME8edypwDE-00475-00126982-00127267 climate breakdown is really, like, another expression
CME8edypwDE-00476-00127267-00127504 of colonialism, of imperialism.
CME8edypwDE-00477-00127504-00127924 Where the societies of the North, European,
CME8edypwDE-00478-00127924-00128409 or European-American societies, have historically exploited
CME8edypwDE-00479-00128409-00128683 the environment and the biosphere so much,
CME8edypwDE-00480-00128683-00128971 and have gained so much from that very exploitation,
CME8edypwDE-00481-00128971-00129208 yet they are the ones who will be--
CME8edypwDE-00482-00129208-00129469 or we, they-- will be the ones who least have
CME8edypwDE-00483-00129469-00129622 the effects from this problem.
CME8edypwDE-00484-00129622-00130057 So basically, it's a grave historical injustice.
CME8edypwDE-00485-00130057-00130381 And yes, these are just a few photos illustrating the same.
CME8edypwDE-00486-00130381-00130546 This photo over here on the right
CME8edypwDE-00487-00130546-00130831 is of Sukkur, Pakistan in 2010.
CME8edypwDE-00488-00130831-00131023 There was extremely unprecedented
CME8edypwDE-00489-00131023-00131338 flooding in Pakistan during that year.
CME8edypwDE-00490-00131338-00131698 Several millions of people were displaced.
CME8edypwDE-00491-00131698-00132091 And arguably, this was supercharged-- this storm
CME8edypwDE-00492-00132091-00132368 that created these floods-- was supercharged by climate change,
CME8edypwDE-00493-00132368-00132560 just based off of the physics of the equation.
CME8edypwDE-00494-00132560-00132814 That is to say, when you have an environment or an atmosphere
CME8edypwDE-00495-00132814-00133006 that has more water vapor, then you
CME8edypwDE-00496-00133006-00133279 have more frequent and more intense storms
CME8edypwDE-00497-00133279-00133390 like you had here.
CME8edypwDE-00498-00133390-00133606 And then of course, the photo on the upper left
CME8edypwDE-00499-00133606-00133807 is in Mozambique.
CME8edypwDE-00500-00133807-00134128 Very recently they had the cyclone Idai,
CME8edypwDE-00501-00134128-00134287 which of course, was very devastating,
CME8edypwDE-00502-00134287-00134572 if you saw the photos or the news about that.
CME8edypwDE-00503-00134572-00134906 And similarly, you have a family in Northern India,
CME8edypwDE-00504-00134906-00135094 I believe, on the last photo there,
CME8edypwDE-00505-00135094-00135467 just escaping some flooding from a few years back.
CME8edypwDE-00506-00135467-00135830 OK, so this is actually an illustration from my book.
CME8edypwDE-00507-00135830-00135972 Of course, I didn't illustrate it.
CME8edypwDE-00508-00135972-00136281 It was [? Santi ?] [? Mazatil, ?] who is a Mexican
CME8edypwDE-00509-00136281-00136440 activist and radical.
CME8edypwDE-00510-00136440-00136986 So I found this image in The Independent, the newspaper
CME8edypwDE-00511-00136986-00137113 from England.
CME8edypwDE-00512-00137113-00137454 And this was in 2011, when there was a very, very serious famine
CME8edypwDE-00513-00137454-00137808 going on in the Horn of Africa, and Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea.
CME8edypwDE-00514-00137808-00138192 And so I asked him to illustrate this for me
CME8edypwDE-00515-00138192-00138366 for one of the chapters, because of what
CME8edypwDE-00516-00138366-00138519 I was trying to get at, right, which
CME8edypwDE-00517-00138519-00138727 is what I've been discussing the last few minutes.
CME8edypwDE-00518-00138727-00138966 That is to say, that climate change is fundamentally
CME8edypwDE-00519-00138966-00139062 historically unjust.
CME8edypwDE-00520-00139325-00139808 This is a good schematic of a recent scientific paper that
CME8edypwDE-00521-00139808-00140093 came out last fall, and I would very highly recommend,
CME8edypwDE-00522-00140093-00140369 if you're interested, to check it out.
CME8edypwDE-00523-00140369-00140597 And basically, what it's talking about here,
CME8edypwDE-00524-00140597-00140762 let me try to explain.
CME8edypwDE-00525-00140762-00141287 So it looks a little bit busy, right?
CME8edypwDE-00526-00141287-00141533 So here we have--
CME8edypwDE-00527-00141533-00141764 so the glacial-interglacial system, right?
CME8edypwDE-00528-00141764-00142004 So in the last-- since we've had human agriculture
CME8edypwDE-00529-00142004-00142154 in the last 12,000 years, we've been
CME8edypwDE-00530-00142154-00142463 going through the interglacial cycle, right?
CME8edypwDE-00531-00142463-00142814 So that means that we are within like a stable climate that
CME8edypwDE-00532-00142814-00143123 will allow the glaciers to come back in the future
CME8edypwDE-00533-00143123-00143247 if that's the case.
CME8edypwDE-00534-00143247-00143564 And having the glaciers is very, very important
CME8edypwDE-00535-00143564-00143750 for human agriculture.
CME8edypwDE-00536-00143750-00144023 So what does dynamic, what this chart is showing
CME8edypwDE-00537-00144023-00144421 is that we have basically two options, OK?
CME8edypwDE-00538-00144421-00144700 So we have the option of what they
CME8edypwDE-00539-00144700-00145045 call engaging in earth system stewardship, right,
CME8edypwDE-00540-00145045-00145474 and basically piloting the earth to a safe future,
CME8edypwDE-00541-00145474-00145615 called stabilized earth.
CME8edypwDE-00542-00145615-00145909 Or we have the much worse outcome
CME8edypwDE-00543-00145909-00146125 of human emissions going up and up,
CME8edypwDE-00544-00146125-00146452 the biosphere being degraded, planetary threshold being
CME8edypwDE-00545-00146452-00146836 surpassed, and then the feedback loops of climate change leading
CME8edypwDE-00546-00146836-00146998 inevitably to hothouse earth.
CME8edypwDE-00547-00146998-00147121 And let me explain.
CME8edypwDE-00548-00147121-00147547 So the climate change is a very serious problem in the sense
CME8edypwDE-00549-00147547-00147899 that it creates its own feedback loops, right?
CME8edypwDE-00550-00147899-00148195 It's kind of like the Sorcerer's Apprentice from Disney.
CME8edypwDE-00551-00148195-00148725 In the sense that if you think about the Amazon rainforest,
CME8edypwDE-00552-00148725-00148775 for example.
CME8edypwDE-00553-00148775-00149029 If it's too hot, or if it's too dry,
CME8edypwDE-00554-00149029-00149323 then the Amazon rainforest dries out and burns, right?
CME8edypwDE-00555-00149323-00149512 And for that reason, all the massive carbon
CME8edypwDE-00556-00149512-00149809 that is stored within those trees in that environment
CME8edypwDE-00557-00149809-00150049 would be released into the atmosphere.
CME8edypwDE-00558-00150049-00150352 So that by itself would worsen global warming.
CME8edypwDE-00559-00150352-00150616 You can think similarly of, in the Arctic region,
CME8edypwDE-00560-00150616-00150949 with the methane deposits that are below the permafrost.
CME8edypwDE-00561-00150949-00151124 They've been stored there for many, many--
CME8edypwDE-00562-00151124-00151279 I don't even know how many millennia.
CME8edypwDE-00563-00151279-00151546 But the idea, similarly, is if it gets too warm,
CME8edypwDE-00564-00151546-00151762 then the methane might be released up
CME8edypwDE-00565-00151762-00151906 into the atmosphere.
CME8edypwDE-00566-00151906-00152134 And methane is much worse than carbon dioxide,
CME8edypwDE-00567-00152134-00152783 if you compare it one-to-one, in terms of its warming effect.
CME8edypwDE-00568-00152783-00153116 So what then is the connection between capitalism,
CME8edypwDE-00569-00153116-00153311 the state, and eco-crisis?
CME8edypwDE-00570-00153311-00153506 And here I want to just show a short clip
CME8edypwDE-00571-00153506-00153821 by George Monbiot, who is a British environmental
CME8edypwDE-00572-00153821-00153915 journalist.
CME8edypwDE-00573-00153915-00154055 And let me just pull that up.
CME8edypwDE-00574-00155075-00155221 You say people should do, George,
CME8edypwDE-00575-00155221-00155334 if they could do one thing.
CME8edypwDE-00576-00155334-00155632 What we have to do is the big structural, political economic
CME8edypwDE-00577-00155632-00155682 stuff.
CME8edypwDE-00578-00155682-00155973 What we're being told to do is change your cotton buds,
CME8edypwDE-00579-00155973-00156643 and all these pathetic, micro consumerist bollocks.
CME8edypwDE-00580-00156643-00156855 Which just isn't going to get us anywhere.
CME8edypwDE-00581-00156855-00156997 You know, there are two things you
CME8edypwDE-00582-00156997-00157248 can do as a consumer which do make change.
CME8edypwDE-00583-00157248-00157369 Switch to a plant-based diet.
CME8edypwDE-00584-00157369-00157438 That's one.
CME8edypwDE-00585-00157438-00157702 Big, big change, because animal farming
CME8edypwDE-00586-00157702-00157987 has this massive environmental impact.
CME8edypwDE-00587-00157987-00158195 Another one, stop flying.
CME8edypwDE-00588-00158195-00158494 But beyond that, actually everything we have to do
CME8edypwDE-00589-00158494-00158608 is change the system.
CME8edypwDE-00590-00158608-00158788 We have to overthrow this system which
CME8edypwDE-00591-00158788-00159067 is eating the planet with perpetual growth.
CME8edypwDE-00592-00159067-00159451 I mean, since when was GDP a sensible measure
CME8edypwDE-00593-00159451-00159595 of human welfare?
CME8edypwDE-00594-00159595-00159871 And yet everything that governments want to do
CME8edypwDE-00595-00159871-00160105 is to try to boost GDP.
CME8edypwDE-00596-00160105-00160317 Now people like the OECD or the World Bank,
CME8edypwDE-00597-00160317-00160513 say, "Oh, we're not asking for a lot of growth.
CME8edypwDE-00598-00160513-00160694 Just 3% a year."
CME8edypwDE-00599-00160694-00160911 That means doubling in 24 years.
CME8edypwDE-00600-00160911-00161267 Yeah, we're bursting through all the environmental boundaries,
CME8edypwDE-00601-00161267-00161401 and screwing the planet already.
CME8edypwDE-00602-00161401-00161548 You want to double it?
CME8edypwDE-00603-00161548-00161671 Double all that?
CME8edypwDE-00604-00161671-00161893 Double it again, keep doubling it?
CME8edypwDE-00605-00161893-00162025 It's madness.
CME8edypwDE-00606-00162025-00162263 We've got to find a better way of measuring human welfare
CME8edypwDE-00607-00162263-00162376 than perpetual growth.
CME8edypwDE-00608-00162376-00162883 We've got to start ramping down all fossil fuel production,
CME8edypwDE-00609-00162883-00163102 and leave fossil fuels in the ground.
CME8edypwDE-00610-00163102-00163415 And at the same time-- and this is the nice bit of it--
CME8edypwDE-00611-00163415-00163762 It turns out that through massive rewilding,
CME8edypwDE-00612-00163762-00164050 ecological restoration, you can draw down
CME8edypwDE-00613-00164050-00164308 a load of the carbon dioxide we've already produced,
CME8edypwDE-00614-00164308-00164419 huge amounts.
CME8edypwDE-00615-00164419-00164758 Allowing the forest to come back, the marshes to come back,
CME8edypwDE-00616-00164758-00165028 the sea floor to recover from trawling and stuff.
CME8edypwDE-00617-00165028-00165316 They draw down carbon dioxide, and can take us
CME8edypwDE-00618-00165316-00165610 a long way towards stopping climate breakdown,
CME8edypwDE-00619-00165610-00165872 at the same time as stopping ecological breakdown.
CME8edypwDE-00620-00165872-00166261 There's time, but we can't do it by just pissing around
CME8edypwDE-00621-00166261-00166423 at the margins of the problem.
CME8edypwDE-00622-00166423-00166717 We've got to go straight to the heart of capitalism
CME8edypwDE-00623-00166717-00166788 and overthrow it.
CME8edypwDE-00624-00166788-00166935 [APPLAUSE]
CME8edypwDE-00625-00167967-00168439 That's George Monbiot, that's George Monbiot, who
CME8edypwDE-00626-00168439-00168820 has been a principled climate environmental campaigner
CME8edypwDE-00627-00168820-00168925 for many years, decades.
CME8edypwDE-00628-00169210-00169438 Sorry.
CME8edypwDE-00629-00169438-00169616 OK.
CME8edypwDE-00630-00169616-00169783 So then the demand that we have, really,
CME8edypwDE-00631-00169783-00170047 is what is called contraction and convergence, which
CME8edypwDE-00632-00170047-00170254 is depicted here in the chart.
CME8edypwDE-00633-00170254-00170437 And what that means is that, basically,
CME8edypwDE-00634-00170437-00170632 the emissions of the, quote unquote,
CME8edypwDE-00635-00170632-00170749 "overdeveloped" world--
CME8edypwDE-00636-00170749-00171119 that is to say the United States, Europe and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00637-00171119-00171517 Basically, we have to massively contract our emissions
CME8edypwDE-00638-00171517-00171833 if we're going to protect the environment,
CME8edypwDE-00639-00171833-00172024 if we're to be able to prevent this climate
CME8edypwDE-00640-00172024-00172168 breakdown from coming about.
CME8edypwDE-00641-00172168-00172489 And so the trajectories here that you see,
CME8edypwDE-00642-00172489-00172681 this orange one and the blue ones
CME8edypwDE-00643-00172681-00172852 are the ones that have to happen if we're
CME8edypwDE-00644-00172852-00173218 going to keep global warming to a safe or relatively safe
CME8edypwDE-00645-00173218-00173329 limit.
CME8edypwDE-00646-00173329-00173563 The green is basically the pathway
CME8edypwDE-00647-00173563-00173887 that we're on right now, which will inevitably, definitely
CME8edypwDE-00648-00173887-00174070 mean destruction.
CME8edypwDE-00649-00174070-00174283 So then let's move to the main point here.
CME8edypwDE-00650-00174283-00174568 So how is it that we can resist all these trends?
CME8edypwDE-00651-00174568-00174943 OK, first example I want to give is MOVE from 1978.
CME8edypwDE-00652-00174943-00175598 This was an environmental, black power organization based,
CME8edypwDE-00653-00175598-00175838 community based, in Philadelphia.
CME8edypwDE-00654-00175838-00176224 And they organized-- they had a very interesting approach,
CME8edypwDE-00655-00176224-00176587 in the sense that they were about animal welfare,
CME8edypwDE-00656-00176587-00176968 they were vegan, they protested animal testing.
CME8edypwDE-00657-00176968-00177196 They protested the Vietnam War, they
CME8edypwDE-00658-00177196-00177559 protested police brutality, white supremacy,
CME8edypwDE-00659-00177559-00177686 everything that was going on.
CME8edypwDE-00660-00177686-00177805 But in the sense--
CME8edypwDE-00661-00177805-00178009 the interesting thing is the integration
CME8edypwDE-00662-00178009-00178333 of the ecological critique and ecological perspective.
CME8edypwDE-00663-00178333-00178657 Here you see the police attacking John Africa, who
CME8edypwDE-00664-00178657-00178885 was imprisoned for decades--
CME8edypwDE-00665-00178885-00179038 very recently got out.
CME8edypwDE-00666-00179038-00179203 And this was just at the oppression
CME8edypwDE-00667-00179203-00179497 of one of their actions.
CME8edypwDE-00668-00179497-00179966 And this, in fact, was a very infamous event in 1995,
CME8edypwDE-00669-00179966-00180250 where the police basically-- well, they did.
CME8edypwDE-00670-00180250-00180538 They bombed, they literally bombed the house of MOVE.
CME8edypwDE-00671-00180538-00180847 And this caused a huge fire in Philadelphia,
CME8edypwDE-00672-00180847-00180991 destroying some 80 homes.
CME8edypwDE-00673-00180991-00181186 And this was in 1985.
CME8edypwDE-00674-00181186-00181531 So that's what the government did to move.
CME8edypwDE-00675-00181531-00181804 And so I want to talk about my time in Mexico a little bit,
CME8edypwDE-00676-00181804-00181963 and I just want to provide this map
CME8edypwDE-00677-00181963-00182183 so that you have an idea of what we're talking about.
CME8edypwDE-00678-00182183-00182429 I'm mostly going to be talking about in Oaxaca and Chiapas,
CME8edypwDE-00679-00182429-00182581 which is down here in the southeast,
CME8edypwDE-00680-00182581-00182952 OK, which is where I was working in 2010.
CME8edypwDE-00681-00182952-00183349 And this is just a photo from a mission
CME8edypwDE-00682-00183349-00183682 that we did to basically look at, or investigate
CME8edypwDE-00683-00183682-00183877 the impacts of mining--
CME8edypwDE-00684-00183877-00184051 in particular transnational mining,
CME8edypwDE-00685-00184051-00184576 in particular Canadian-owned mines--
CME8edypwDE-00686-00184576-00184879 in the region of Oaxaca in southern Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00687-00184879-00185152 And these are a couple of Zapoteco indigenous peoples,
CME8edypwDE-00688-00185152-00185308 basically showing us what's going on.
CME8edypwDE-00689-00185308-00185458 They were guiding us, and showing us
CME8edypwDE-00690-00185458-00185788 how it is that their communities are resisting
CME8edypwDE-00691-00185788-00186001 the extractive mining economy.
CME8edypwDE-00692-00186001-00186428 That again, is very much a foreign thing.
CME8edypwDE-00693-00186428-00186721 Like, I think 80% to 90% of the mines in Latin America
CME8edypwDE-00694-00186721-00187064 are owned by Canadian corporations.
CME8edypwDE-00695-00187064-00187430 And then in Chiapas, is a march by a group called
CME8edypwDE-00696-00187430-00187646 Las Abejas, who are indigenous.
CME8edypwDE-00697-00187646-00187856 In Chiapas and Oaxaca, it's all, pretty much
CME8edypwDE-00698-00187856-00187973 all indigenous people.
CME8edypwDE-00699-00187973-00188255 Well, not entirely, but very much the majority.
CME8edypwDE-00700-00188255-00188633 And so Las Abejas were a group that, in the 1990s,
CME8edypwDE-00701-00188633-00188729 sided with the EZLN--
CME8edypwDE-00702-00188729-00188867 and I'll get to them in a moment.
CME8edypwDE-00703-00188867-00189231 The EZLN was the Zapatista Army of National Liberation.
CME8edypwDE-00704-00189231-00189527 And so what the Las Abejas, basically, they
CME8edypwDE-00705-00189527-00189699 have a pacifist approach.
CME8edypwDE-00706-00189699-00189917 They are against war, they're against violence,
CME8edypwDE-00707-00189917-00190100 they're against gender violence, they're
CME8edypwDE-00708-00190100-00190286 against the state, all of these things.
CME8edypwDE-00709-00190286-00190730 And so here they have a they have a monthly commemoration
CME8edypwDE-00710-00190730-00190931 of a massacre that took place in 1995,
CME8edypwDE-00711-00190931-00191297 called Acteal, in the Acteal community.
CME8edypwDE-00712-00191297-00191600 Basically, this was part of the counterinsurgent logic
CME8edypwDE-00713-00191600-00191786 of the state, of the Mexican state,
CME8edypwDE-00714-00191786-00192128 to repress anyone who was trying to support the Zapatistas.
CME8edypwDE-00715-00192128-00192397 And I'll get back into the Zapatistas in a moment.
CME8edypwDE-00716-00192397-00192703 And from the same march, so they--
CME8edypwDE-00717-00192703-00192866 you know, militarization in Mexico,
CME8edypwDE-00718-00192866-00193070 in particular in the Chiapas region,
CME8edypwDE-00719-00193070-00193403 where you still have the Zapatista rebellion still going
CME8edypwDE-00720-00193403-00193654 on, there's a very large presence of the military there.
CME8edypwDE-00721-00193654-00193892 And so here they are, basically blockading the army base.
CME8edypwDE-00722-00193892-00194037 That's not to say that they shut it
CME8edypwDE-00723-00194037-00194288 down, but it a symbolic move.
CME8edypwDE-00724-00194288-00194559 And then this is the site of the massacre in 1995.
CME8edypwDE-00725-00194559-00194750 This was at a church.
CME8edypwDE-00726-00194750-00195206 Essentially what happens is that the state was up on the highway
CME8edypwDE-00727-00195206-00195386 protecting the paramilitaries down below,
CME8edypwDE-00728-00195386-00195584 who were killing all these people, simply
CME8edypwDE-00729-00195584-00195974 for resisting the plans and the projects
CME8edypwDE-00730-00195974-00196172 that the Mexican government-- and the US
CME8edypwDE-00731-00196172-00196442 government behind it, together with all the corporations--
CME8edypwDE-00732-00196442-00196628 were promoting.
CME8edypwDE-00733-00196628-00196864 So here's the EZLN, the Zapatista Army of National
CME8edypwDE-00734-00196864-00197048 Liberation and this is a nice mural from one
CME8edypwDE-00735-00197048-00197339 of their communities, which depicts
CME8edypwDE-00736-00197339-00197837 their uprising at the beginning of 1994, on the 1st of January.
CME8edypwDE-00737-00197837-00198167 And so the EZLN is a community-based indigenous
CME8edypwDE-00738-00198167-00198554 organization that tries to have an alternative model
CME8edypwDE-00739-00198554-00198800 of development, which is communal,
CME8edypwDE-00740-00198800-00199187 which is participatory, which involves a lot of women.
CME8edypwDE-00741-00199187-00199364 And basically, it's an alternative way
CME8edypwDE-00742-00199364-00199464 of organizing society.
CME8edypwDE-00743-00199766-00200042 Here we have a nice mural where they're basically
CME8edypwDE-00744-00200042-00200317 saying that we're not all here, because our prisoners--
CME8edypwDE-00745-00200317-00200525 you know, we still have our prisoners in prison.
CME8edypwDE-00746-00200525-00200777 So very much, this movement is about solidarity,
CME8edypwDE-00747-00200777-00201081 communal solidarity, human solidarity.
CME8edypwDE-00748-00201081-00201402 And they go back to a very interesting
CME8edypwDE-00749-00201402-00201559 revolutionary legacy in Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00750-00201559-00201918 So the picture on the right is Diego Rivera
CME8edypwDE-00751-00201918-00202254 showing Emiliano Zapata, and his beautiful horse.
CME8edypwDE-00752-00202254-00202536 And Zapata, of course, was the revolutionary general
CME8edypwDE-00753-00202536-00202827 from the Mexican Revolution and a century ago, who
CME8edypwDE-00754-00202827-00203031 led probably the most radical movement
CME8edypwDE-00755-00203031-00203187 of the Mexican Revolution.
CME8edypwDE-00756-00203439-00203700 His group being mostly campesino, that is,
CME8edypwDE-00757-00203700-00204039 peasant and indigenous people, landless, very poor.
CME8edypwDE-00758-00204039-00204297 But rising up to assert their dignity,
CME8edypwDE-00759-00204297-00204750 and to take back the land, and to create social justice.
CME8edypwDE-00760-00204750-00204892 That was their point.
CME8edypwDE-00761-00204892-00205194 And the one next to him is Ricardo Flores Magón,
CME8edypwDE-00762-00205194-00205503 who was an Mexican anarchist, who also was influential
CME8edypwDE-00763-00205503-00205644 for Zapata himself.
CME8edypwDE-00764-00205644-00206042 But his group, Magón's group actually worked very hard
CME8edypwDE-00765-00206042-00206213 to bring about the Mexican Revolution,
CME8edypwDE-00766-00206213-00206438 which overthrew the dictator Porfirio Díaz.
CME8edypwDE-00767-00206815-00207059 So continuing with this theme of how
CME8edypwDE-00768-00207059-00207496 it is that the state responds to revolutionary movements,
CME8edypwDE-00769-00207496-00207785 or insurgent movements, or dissident movements.
CME8edypwDE-00770-00207785-00207998 So this is a photo from Mexico City
CME8edypwDE-00771-00207998-00208240 in the District of Tlatelolco.
CME8edypwDE-00772-00208240-00208412 It's the Plaza of the Three Cultures.
CME8edypwDE-00773-00208412-00208765 And this is the site of a very infamous massacre of students
CME8edypwDE-00774-00208765-00209009 in 1968, on October 2nd.
CME8edypwDE-00775-00209009-00209413 So what happened is that this was 10 days before the 1968
CME8edypwDE-00776-00209413-00209567 Olympics in Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00777-00209567-00209891 There was a very large demonstration of students,
CME8edypwDE-00778-00209891-00210146 many of them being left wing, who were supporters
CME8edypwDE-00779-00210146-00210335 of the Cuban revolution, who were
CME8edypwDE-00780-00210335-00210500 against the military dictatorship
CME8edypwDE-00781-00210500-00210860 going on at that time, led by the PRI Party.
CME8edypwDE-00782-00210860-00211037 And so what happened on the 2nd of October
CME8edypwDE-00783-00211037-00211202 is that they were having this meeting
CME8edypwDE-00784-00211202-00211508 in the Plaza of Tlatelolco And the military came,
CME8edypwDE-00785-00211508-00211736 and they simply opened fire indiscriminately.
CME8edypwDE-00786-00211736-00212071 And approximately 300 students were murdered that night.
CME8edypwDE-00787-00212071-00212371 And so this, similarly to the Acteal massacre-- although,
CME8edypwDE-00788-00212371-00212746 of course, many more people died in this one than in Acteal--
CME8edypwDE-00789-00212746-00212996 every year in Mexico, it's very, very famous
CME8edypwDE-00790-00212996-00213271 for the youth, the revolutionary students,
CME8edypwDE-00791-00213271-00213434 to come out onto the streets everywhere
CME8edypwDE-00792-00213434-00213713 throughout the country and to commemorate this massacre.
CME8edypwDE-00793-00213713-00214190 And to call for justice and and so on.
CME8edypwDE-00794-00214190-00214492 So this is just a few photos I want to share with you from
CME8edypwDE-00795-00214492-00214682 the marches in San Cristóbal de las Casas,
CME8edypwDE-00796-00214682-00214915 when I was working there-- that's one of the main cities
CME8edypwDE-00797-00214915-00215017 in Chiapas.
CME8edypwDE-00798-00215017-00215288 And you can see here, the students, they're
CME8edypwDE-00799-00215288-00215516 leaving the university.
CME8edypwDE-00800-00215516-00215830 That's the UNACH, the Chiapas University, social sciences.
CME8edypwDE-00801-00215830-00216014 They basically just went out to the streets,
CME8edypwDE-00802-00216014-00216392 took it over, expressing their rage.
CME8edypwDE-00803-00216392-00216609 And even though this was 50 years ago,
CME8edypwDE-00804-00216609-00217001 it's very much present within the Mexican consciousness,
CME8edypwDE-00805-00217001-00217454 the cultural consciousness, the political consciousness.
CME8edypwDE-00806-00217454-00217731 Simply more pictures of the same.
CME8edypwDE-00807-00217731-00218030 And this is probably the largest and the best picture of that.
CME8edypwDE-00808-00218296-00218600 So continuing with that, connecting it specifically
CME8edypwDE-00809-00218600-00218876 to the environmental movement, I want to show you a brief--
CME8edypwDE-00810-00218876-00218964 sorry--
CME8edypwDE-00811-00218964-00219586 a brief interview with someone from a group called Anti-C@p.
CME8edypwDE-00812-00219586-00220508 And he will explain it better than I.
CME8edypwDE-00813-00220508-00220814 My name is Christian Guerrero, I'm with--
CME8edypwDE-00814-00220814-00220973 Sorry, let me just contextualize this.
CME8edypwDE-00815-00220973-00221321 OK, so this was in Cancún at the 2010 Conference of Parties,
CME8edypwDE-00816-00221321-00221582 that is where the United Nations come together to try to hash
CME8edypwDE-00817-00221582-00221963 out a treaty to deal with the problem of environmental
CME8edypwDE-00818-00221963-00222062 climate change.
CME8edypwDE-00819-00222062-00222262 And so I was involved with this too,
CME8edypwDE-00820-00222262-00222564 it was a protest movement against the Cancun COP,
CME8edypwDE-00821-00222564-00222758 of a bunch of autonomous social movements,
CME8edypwDE-00822-00222758-00223007 youth, feminist organizations.
CME8edypwDE-00823-00223007-00223454 And this is specifically one of spokespeople for Anti-C@p which
CME8edypwDE-00824-00223454-00223739 was like a play on words of cop, right, like COP,
CME8edypwDE-00825-00223739-00223996 conference of parties, police, and also capitalism, right?
CME8edypwDE-00826-00223996-00224153 So against all those things, right?
CME8edypwDE-00827-00224153-00224344 OK, here we go.
CME8edypwDE-00828-00224344-00224408 Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00829-00224408-00224612 I'm Ecuadorian-American.
CME8edypwDE-00830-00224612-00224906 We're here in Cancún for the COP 16.
CME8edypwDE-00831-00224906-00225335 And we're here in the [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] camp,
CME8edypwDE-00832-00225335-00225564 part of the international Anti-COP space.
CME8edypwDE-00833-00225564-00225984 And we're preparing for a march against green capitalism,
CME8edypwDE-00834-00225984-00226169 megaprojects, and false solutions.
CME8edypwDE-00835-00226169-00226658 We're marching to the Profepa, which is the EPA,
CME8edypwDE-00836-00226658-00226798 let's say of Mexico.
CME8edypwDE-00837-00226798-00227085 [CHANTING IN SPANISH]
CME8edypwDE-00838-00227658-00227960 We're calling for the World Bank to be out of the climate change
CME8edypwDE-00839-00227960-00228025 process.
CME8edypwDE-00840-00228025-00228188 We're asking for the Mexican government
CME8edypwDE-00841-00228188-00228401 to review large megaprojects that
CME8edypwDE-00842-00228401-00228554 are happening in the country.
CME8edypwDE-00843-00228554-00228830 And generally, asking civil society to get
CME8edypwDE-00844-00228830-00229272 engaged in this issue, and revealing false solutions
CME8edypwDE-00845-00229272-00229679 to climate change, techno fixes, or different mechanisms
CME8edypwDE-00846-00229679-00229850 that are used within the COP that
CME8edypwDE-00847-00229850-00230246 are basically the wrong direction in solving
CME8edypwDE-00848-00230246-00230330 the climate process.
CME8edypwDE-00849-00230710-00230854 So that was the COP, Anti-C@p.
CME8edypwDE-00850-00231596-00232011 And so, similarly, in 2014, this initiative continued with
CME8edypwDE-00851-00232011-00232123 Caravana Climática.
CME8edypwDE-00852-00232123-00232346 So the bus that you can see here was the same bus.
CME8edypwDE-00853-00232346-00232554 It was kind of like the flagship of this group.
CME8edypwDE-00854-00232554-00232713 And so what they did is, in 2014, they
CME8edypwDE-00855-00232713-00232940 started a continent-wide tour.
CME8edypwDE-00856-00232940-00233181 So it started in northern Mexico, in Sonora,
CME8edypwDE-00857-00233181-00233391 and they went down through 16 countries,
CME8edypwDE-00858-00233391-00233583 and they ended up in Peru, at Lima,
CME8edypwDE-00859-00233583-00233969 at the COP that happened there a few years back in 2014,
CME8edypwDE-00860-00233969-00234049 at the end of 2014.
CME8edypwDE-00861-00234049-00234261 And so what they did is they were going through all
CME8edypwDE-00862-00234261-00234531 these communities, all these countries, seeing what impacts,
CME8edypwDE-00863-00234531-00234711 environmentally-speaking, were happening.
CME8edypwDE-00864-00234711-00234936 And how it is that the people, the indigenous people,
CME8edypwDE-00865-00234936-00235158 the campesino peasant people, the workers,
CME8edypwDE-00866-00235158-00235404 how they were dealing with this, and what kind of solutions
CME8edypwDE-00867-00235404-00235545 or what kind of proposals they had
CME8edypwDE-00868-00235545-00235766 for dealing with any of this.
CME8edypwDE-00869-00235766-00235983 So if you're interested in learning more about that,
CME8edypwDE-00870-00235983-00236187 I would definitely encourage you to look them up,
CME8edypwDE-00871-00236187-00236481 because they have a very good and systematic, very full
CME8edypwDE-00872-00236481-00236725 report of their findings.
CME8edypwDE-00873-00236725-00236964 Now, in New York City in 2014, there
CME8edypwDE-00874-00236964-00237144 was the first ever People's Climate
CME8edypwDE-00875-00237144-00237453 March, which I also participated in.
CME8edypwDE-00876-00237453-00237915 This was a huge march that took over most of the city.
CME8edypwDE-00877-00237915-00238148 It was really exciting in the sense that a lot of people
CME8edypwDE-00878-00238148-00238491 came out, expressing their support for these changes
CME8edypwDE-00879-00238491-00238650 and things like that.
CME8edypwDE-00880-00238650-00238851 But there was a kind of a distinction
CME8edypwDE-00881-00238851-00239013 between that and Flood Wall Street,
CME8edypwDE-00882-00239013-00239160 which happened the very next day.
CME8edypwDE-00883-00239160-00239352 The People's Climate March was over a weekend,
CME8edypwDE-00884-00239352-00239607 and then this was happening on Monday, the next Monday, Flood
CME8edypwDE-00885-00239607-00239657 Wall Street.
CME8edypwDE-00886-00239657-00239880 So this idea of flood Wall Street was kind of you
CME8edypwDE-00887-00239880-00240044 know following from Occupy Wall Street.
CME8edypwDE-00888-00240044-00240247 But specifically, rather than just,
CME8edypwDE-00889-00240247-00240489 like, you know, marching around the city with the People's
CME8edypwDE-00890-00240489-00240981 Climate March, Flood Wall Street was more about specifically
CME8edypwDE-00891-00240981-00241140 occupying Wall Street, and trying
CME8edypwDE-00892-00241140-00241367 to prevent their operations from happening.
CME8edypwDE-00893-00241367-00241509 And so that's what we tried to do.
CME8edypwDE-00894-00241509-00241604 We were not successful.
CME8edypwDE-00895-00241604-00241917 We blockaded Wall Street, like the building,
CME8edypwDE-00896-00241917-00242106 but we never got inside to disrupt the trade.
CME8edypwDE-00897-00242106-00242406 So in that sense, it was not super effective.
CME8edypwDE-00898-00242406-00242756 But the example or the model is still there.
CME8edypwDE-00899-00242756-00243006 And then of course, you have the No DAPL movement, or the No
CME8edypwDE-00900-00243006-00243241 Dakota Access Pipeline movement, right?
CME8edypwDE-00901-00243241-00243642 And this was a very big thing, recently with Standing Rock,
CME8edypwDE-00902-00243642-00243990 with the indigenous resistance against this pipeline.
CME8edypwDE-00903-00243990-00244206 And the repression that was meted out
CME8edypwDE-00904-00244206-00244533 against these indigenous peoples and their supporters.
CME8edypwDE-00905-00244533-00244800 Which, you know, arguably-- and I would say is very much
CME8edypwDE-00906-00244800-00245043 a continuation of the genocide that has established
CME8edypwDE-00907-00245043-00245127 this country, right?
CME8edypwDE-00908-00245127-00245367 The settler colonial genocide of the indigenous peoples
CME8edypwDE-00909-00245367-00245500 continues very much to this day.
CME8edypwDE-00910-00245500-00245728 And we see this in the outcome of Standing Rock.
CME8edypwDE-00911-00245728-00245958 And if you've been following the news on this, in fact,
CME8edypwDE-00912-00245958-00246273 there have been some oil spills from this very same pipeline
CME8edypwDE-00913-00246273-00246483 in the Sioux lands, in the Lakota,
CME8edypwDE-00914-00246483-00246762 Dakota lands in question.
CME8edypwDE-00915-00246762-00246958 OK, David Buckel is kind of an interesting guy.
CME8edypwDE-00916-00246958-00247260 He was a lawyer in Brooklyn.
CME8edypwDE-00917-00247260-00247694 He was very involved with the LGBTQIA movement, and he was--
CME8edypwDE-00918-00247694-00248096 Boys Don't Cry was based on the case that he took.
CME8edypwDE-00919-00248096-00248265 But actually, a year ago--
CME8edypwDE-00920-00248265-00248519 actually, just over a year ago-- he committed suicide
CME8edypwDE-00921-00248519-00248652 ritualistically.
CME8edypwDE-00922-00248652-00248961 He immolated himself in Prospect Park in Brooklyn,
CME8edypwDE-00923-00248961-00249198 as a protest of climate change.
CME8edypwDE-00924-00249198-00249516 Kind of channeling what many of the Buddhist monks
CME8edypwDE-00925-00249516-00249942 did in Tibet, and also in Vietnam
CME8edypwDE-00926-00249942-00250223 to protest those wars and occupations.
CME8edypwDE-00927-00250223-00250509 And the ironic thing is that, actually, it's
CME8edypwDE-00928-00250509-00250813 unclear to this point, what is the legacy of his action.
CME8edypwDE-00929-00250813-00251106 Like will it have affected anything?
CME8edypwDE-00930-00251106-00251337 Because of course, as John was discussing,
CME8edypwDE-00931-00251337-00251559 the Arab Spring, so-called, was begun
CME8edypwDE-00932-00251559-00251898 by Mohamed Bouazizi setting himself on fire in Tunisia.
CME8edypwDE-00933-00251898-00252048 That's how all of it began.
CME8edypwDE-00934-00252048-00252273 So David Buckel maybe had a similar idea.
CME8edypwDE-00935-00252273-00252648 Did he provoke a similar movement?
CME8edypwDE-00936-00252648-00252801 Well, actually, maybe he did.
CME8edypwDE-00937-00252801-00253094 Because a year ago, a year after his death--
CME8edypwDE-00938-00253094-00253365 in fact just a few days ago, a few weeks ago--
CME8edypwDE-00939-00253365-00253641 was the beginning of what is called Extinction Rebellion,
CME8edypwDE-00940-00253641-00253933 which has been going out throughout much of the world,
CME8edypwDE-00941-00253933-00254202 especially in London, but also in the United States.
CME8edypwDE-00942-00254202-00254584 And so this movement is very much a youth-led movement.
CME8edypwDE-00943-00254584-00254781 As you see here, these are some youth
CME8edypwDE-00944-00254781-00255033 at Heathrow Airport in London with the banner,
CME8edypwDE-00945-00255033-00255219 "Are we the last generation?"
CME8edypwDE-00946-00255219-00255478 And the idea is that we have to take direct action,
CME8edypwDE-00947-00255478-00255756 we have to blockade-- this is Waterloo Bridge in London--
CME8edypwDE-00948-00255756-00256128 the idea is that we have to blockade the system, interrupt
CME8edypwDE-00949-00256128-00256469 the way that it's working so as to be able to protect
CME8edypwDE-00950-00256469-00256815 our own lives, and that of the future of humanity, and nature,
CME8edypwDE-00951-00256815-00256959 right?
CME8edypwDE-00952-00256959-00257163 And this is in some museum, where they're
CME8edypwDE-00953-00257163-00257454 kind of staging a mass die-in.
CME8edypwDE-00954-00257454-00257625 And then this is, you know, similarly ,
CME8edypwDE-00955-00257625-00257916 when you go out to a protest, and you have fear of arrest,
CME8edypwDE-00956-00257916-00258201 you'll definitely want to have all these numbers on your arms.
CME8edypwDE-00957-00258201-00258384 But you know, similarly, this image
CME8edypwDE-00958-00258384-00258773 shows the this social solidarity and the collective support
CME8edypwDE-00959-00258773-00259039 that we need for this.
CME8edypwDE-00960-00259039-00259341 OK, so I'm coming close to the conclusion now.
CME8edypwDE-00961-00259341-00259617 And I just want to share with you this critique that
CME8edypwDE-00962-00259617-00259938 was made recently of Extinction Rebellion, which
CME8edypwDE-00963-00259938-00260169 was made by this group calling itself the Green
CME8edypwDE-00964-00260169-00260316 Anti-Capitalist Front.
CME8edypwDE-00965-00260316-00260544 And they have like, six or seven principles
CME8edypwDE-00966-00260544-00260844 about analyzing climate change, climate breakdown.
CME8edypwDE-00967-00260844-00261039 And these are the principles, right?
CME8edypwDE-00968-00261039-00261225 Number one, that climate breakdown is
CME8edypwDE-00969-00261225-00261355 an existential threat, right?
CME8edypwDE-00970-00261355-00261610 It threatens our very existence.
CME8edypwDE-00971-00261610-00261877 Number two, the crisis is due to capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-00972-00261877-00262019 That is to say, the growth economy
CME8edypwDE-00973-00262019-00262229 based on profit, based on exploitation,
CME8edypwDE-00974-00262229-00262442 based on class hierarchy.
CME8edypwDE-00975-00262442-00262766 We need international class solidarity
CME8edypwDE-00976-00262766-00263189 in order to build a movement to deal with this problem, right?
CME8edypwDE-00977-00263189-00263483 As I was saying before, in terms of not discriminating, not
CME8edypwDE-00978-00263483-00263658 distinguishing among people who are living
CME8edypwDE-00979-00263658-00263878 within different countries, because we're all in this
CME8edypwDE-00980-00263878-00264062 together, of course, we're all humans.
CME8edypwDE-00981-00264062-00264236 Building collective power, that is
CME8edypwDE-00982-00264236-00264518 to say, through movements, through institutions,
CME8edypwDE-00983-00264518-00264710 through unions, things like that.
CME8edypwDE-00984-00264710-00264905 And having a diversity of tactics, right?
CME8edypwDE-00985-00264905-00265094 So that is to say, some people might
CME8edypwDE-00986-00265094-00265316 want to know write letters to Congress,
CME8edypwDE-00987-00265316-00265532 others might want to know block up,
CME8edypwDE-00988-00265532-00265715 go to direct action protests.
CME8edypwDE-00989-00265715-00265985 Others might want to do like, educational talks.
CME8edypwDE-00990-00265985-00266210 There are a lot of different ways that we can do this.
CME8edypwDE-00991-00266210-00266530 It doesn't have to be just one.
CME8edypwDE-00992-00266530-00266705 And then horizontal, bottom-up structures.
CME8edypwDE-00993-00266705-00266954 That's kind of similar to the point about collective power.
CME8edypwDE-00994-00266954-00267112 And the most important thing, I think,
CME8edypwDE-00995-00267112-00267242 is we need a new system, right?
CME8edypwDE-00996-00267242-00267440 We need a new system, a new economy,
CME8edypwDE-00997-00267440-00267626 a new way of relating with each other,
CME8edypwDE-00998-00267626-00267883 and a new way of doing politics.
CME8edypwDE-00999-00267883-00268046 And so this is just a nice graphic kind
CME8edypwDE-01000-00268046-00268280 of summarizing their point, right,
CME8edypwDE-01001-00268280-00268658 which is that we can achieve environmental sustainability
CME8edypwDE-01002-00268658-00268859 by having economic democracy.
CME8edypwDE-01003-00268859-00269060 Of course, economic democracy is not something
CME8edypwDE-01004-00269060-00269219 that we have right now, but it's something
CME8edypwDE-01005-00269219-00269315 we have to strive for, and something
CME8edypwDE-01006-00269315-00269415 we have to struggle for.
CME8edypwDE-01007-00269591-00269855 So almost very much at the end here.
CME8edypwDE-01008-00269855-00270104 So I just want to share some interesting,
CME8edypwDE-01009-00270104-00270257 or some perspectives that I think
CME8edypwDE-01010-00270257-00270500 are key to this problem, to analyzing this problem.
CME8edypwDE-01011-00270500-00270659 And I think I'm repeating myself here.
CME8edypwDE-01012-00270659-00271265 But the problem really is that we have a class society, right?
CME8edypwDE-01013-00271265-00271514 So we have all these people within our society
CME8edypwDE-01014-00271514-00271730 that have to be working all of their lives, right?
CME8edypwDE-01015-00271730-00272081 From 9:00 to 5:00, 8:00 to 6:00, whatever, for 30 or 40 years.
CME8edypwDE-01016-00272081-00272269 That's what they have to do with their lives.
CME8edypwDE-01017-00272269-00272456 That's what we have to do with our lives.
CME8edypwDE-01018-00272456-00272706 But this is not the point of life, of course, right?
CME8edypwDE-01019-00272706-00273293 So we have to be able to create alternatives, and try
CME8edypwDE-01020-00273293-00273704 to overcome this class division, overcome these oppressions
CME8edypwDE-01021-00273704-00273977 and hierarchies, so that we can all go together,
CME8edypwDE-01022-00273977-00274256 so that we can collectively deal with this problem.
CME8edypwDE-01023-00274256-00274489 And specifically, I want to say that there
CME8edypwDE-01024-00274489-00274682 is a proposal for green unionism, which
CME8edypwDE-01025-00274682-00274852 is kind of what I was just talking about,
CME8edypwDE-01026-00274852-00275141 with economic democracy, and ecological sustainability.
CME8edypwDE-01027-00275141-00275400 And this is very much related to the point of just transition,
CME8edypwDE-01028-00275400-00275540 which is extremely important.
CME8edypwDE-01029-00275540-00275874 So one of the major reasons that a lot of people
CME8edypwDE-01030-00275874-00276104 are kind of hesitant about dealing with climate change,
CME8edypwDE-01031-00276104-00276269 or even recognizing that it's going on,
CME8edypwDE-01032-00276269-00276602 is that it threatens the economy as it exists, right?
CME8edypwDE-01033-00276602-00276885 And specifically, we're not talking about the bosses,
CME8edypwDE-01034-00276885-00276977 or the rich right now.
CME8edypwDE-01035-00276977-00277110 We're talking about the workers.
CME8edypwDE-01036-00277110-00277475 Like coal workers, or workers who are in the oil industry,
CME8edypwDE-01037-00277475-00277754 or workers who are in the extractive industry in general,
CME8edypwDE-01038-00277754-00278009 or trucking, or many of these things--
CME8edypwDE-01039-00278009-00278290 the point is not to demonize those workers, of course not.
CME8edypwDE-01040-00278290-00278495 Because they don't have any choice in the matter.
CME8edypwDE-01041-00278495-00278729 Because we have a hierarchical class society.
CME8edypwDE-01042-00278729-00278975 If you want to survive, if you want your family to survive,
CME8edypwDE-01043-00278975-00279116 oftentimes you don't have choices.
CME8edypwDE-01044-00279116-00279371 You have to just do what you have,
CME8edypwDE-01045-00279371-00279560 take the options that are given to you.
CME8edypwDE-01046-00279560-00279743 But the point of the just transition
CME8edypwDE-01047-00279743-00280022 is to prioritize the interests and the concerns
CME8edypwDE-01048-00280022-00280235 of those workers who would be affected
CME8edypwDE-01049-00280235-00280746 if we were to create a renewable economy, a post-carbon economy.
CME8edypwDE-01050-00280746-00280964 So the idea would be to have programs in place
CME8edypwDE-01051-00280964-00281276 so that those workers would not be negatively affected.
CME8edypwDE-01052-00281276-00281468 So that we can get them on our side, in fact,
CME8edypwDE-01053-00281468-00281723 and try to overcome the opposition that they would
CME8edypwDE-01054-00281723-00282077 be presenting to this problem of climate change,
CME8edypwDE-01055-00282077-00282216 of dealing with it.
CME8edypwDE-01056-00282216-00282428 And beyond that, I want to specifically suggest
CME8edypwDE-01057-00282428-00282638 that I think even though these don't specifically
CME8edypwDE-01058-00282638-00282749 have to do with environment, they
CME8edypwDE-01059-00282749-00282932 are very important for the overall struggle.
CME8edypwDE-01060-00282932-00283226 And that is tenants unions, and student unions, right?
CME8edypwDE-01061-00283226-00283466 Because we all, throughout the entire world,
CME8edypwDE-01062-00283466-00283712 we need to be creating these alternative institutions where
CME8edypwDE-01063-00283712-00283934 we can build our own power, and assert
CME8edypwDE-01064-00283934-00284202 our own power against what is already existing.
CME8edypwDE-01065-00284202-00284390 And I that tenants unions and students unions
CME8edypwDE-01066-00284390-00284534 are a good way of doing that.
CME8edypwDE-01067-00284534-00284753 And the overall idea is dual power--
CME8edypwDE-01068-00284753-00285014 dual power referring to a second power against like,
CME8edypwDE-01069-00285014-00285143 the government and capitalism.
CME8edypwDE-01070-00285143-00285360 Against the rich, and against the state.
CME8edypwDE-01071-00285360-00285701 So the dual power would be the community, the people resisting
CME8edypwDE-01072-00285701-00286004 against these institutions that are destroying our environment
CME8edypwDE-01073-00286004-00286162 and our society.
CME8edypwDE-01074-00286162-00286451 OK so second to last, how to save the planet?
CME8edypwDE-01075-00286451-00286631 OK, in conclusion, OK.
CME8edypwDE-01076-00286631-00286899 So four things.
CME8edypwDE-01077-00286899-00287105 Number one, ecological restoration.
CME8edypwDE-01078-00287105-00287471 That is to say, many of the lands of the United States,
CME8edypwDE-01079-00287471-00287831 for example, have been deforested.
CME8edypwDE-01080-00287831-00288056 A lot of the old growth forests have been destroyed.
CME8edypwDE-01081-00288056-00288299 And we need to replant them, we need to bring them back,
CME8edypwDE-01082-00288299-00288512 because they need to be present in order
CME8edypwDE-01083-00288512-00288800 to help us to draw down the carbon, the excess carbon
CME8edypwDE-01084-00288800-00288942 that's in the atmosphere.
CME8edypwDE-01085-00288942-00289184 And this is similar to the idea of natural geoengineering,
CME8edypwDE-01086-00289184-00289404 which is--
CME8edypwDE-01087-00289404-00289725 if you've looked at some of the proposed solutions to climate
CME8edypwDE-01088-00289725-00289911 change, some of what they say is like, we
CME8edypwDE-01089-00289911-00290235 need to put like, particles, sulfate particles
CME8edypwDE-01090-00290235-00290508 in the upper atmosphere, or mirrors in the upper atmosphere
CME8edypwDE-01091-00290508-00290721 to bounce the solar radiation back to the sun,
CME8edypwDE-01092-00290721-00290829 or something like that.
CME8edypwDE-01093-00290829-00291045 But natural geoengineering is nothing about that.
CME8edypwDE-01094-00291045-00291261 Not using like, weird technologies, or anything.
CME8edypwDE-01095-00291261-00291462 But rather focusing on the fact that we
CME8edypwDE-01096-00291462-00291837 need to sequester the carbon, and that the good way of doing
CME8edypwDE-01097-00291837-00292221 that would be to recreate, rewild the world,
CME8edypwDE-01098-00292221-00292454 through having a lot more greenery and so on.
CME8edypwDE-01099-00292454-00292704 And beyond that, of course, we have the self-managed decline
CME8edypwDE-01100-00292704-00292807 of the fossil fuel economy.
CME8edypwDE-01101-00292807-00293007 So we need to get rid of the fossil fuel economy
CME8edypwDE-01102-00293007-00293263 if we're going to stave off this serious problem.
CME8edypwDE-01103-00293263-00293472 And in order to do that, I think the best way
CME8edypwDE-01104-00293472-00293699 of doing it would be through popular organization,
CME8edypwDE-01105-00293699-00294000 and self-organization, through workers, through communities,
CME8edypwDE-01106-00294000-00294081 and so on.
CME8edypwDE-01107-00294081-00294372 So that's why I propose green or community syndicalism.
CME8edypwDE-01108-00294372-00294645 And syndicalism here just means unionism, right?
CME8edypwDE-01109-00294645-00295110 Just the idea that we need to have popular organs of power
CME8edypwDE-01110-00295110-00295341 to express our desires and our goals.
CME8edypwDE-01111-00295341-00295550 We can't just be depending on the politicians,
CME8edypwDE-01112-00295550-00295755 because very often they're not interested in what
CME8edypwDE-01113-00295755-00296010 we're interested in, and we're not working together
CME8edypwDE-01114-00296010-00296208 in that sense.
CME8edypwDE-01115-00296208-00296386 So just the last thing here.
CME8edypwDE-01116-00296386-00296673 So there are different levels at which we can
CME8edypwDE-01117-00296673-00296813 deal with this problem, right?
CME8edypwDE-01118-00296813-00297075 There's the micro, or the individual level, the meso,
CME8edypwDE-01119-00297075-00297219 which is like in the middle--
CME8edypwDE-01120-00297219-00297510 we can say is like the community or the local, regional.
CME8edypwDE-01121-00297510-00297702 And then the macro, which is like the country,
CME8edypwDE-01122-00297702-00297952 the continent, and the world.
CME8edypwDE-01123-00297952-00298226 OK, so that's all I have for you.
CME8edypwDE-01124-00298226-00298276 Thank you.
CME8edypwDE-01125-00298276-00298551 [APPLAUSE]
Cp-79POGJu0-00000-00000000-00000390 Happy birthday to you astrological sign cancer
Cp-79POGJu0-00001-00000440-00001090 a warrior Heracles lived in olden times
Cp-79POGJu0-00002-00001190-00001420 a monster Hydra pointed fear on all neighbourhood
Cp-79POGJu0-00003-00001440-00001645 Heracles wanted to kill her
Cp-79POGJu0-00004-00002299-00002490 An enormous cancer got up on her defence
Cp-79POGJu0-00005-00003024-00003520 So on sky an astrological sign appeared Сancer
Cp-79POGJu0-00006-00004750-00004950 Cancers it is romantics
Cp-79POGJu0-00007-00005156-00006550 Happy birthday to you, Сancer!
CPBRSBV_xII-00000-00000438-00000803 ERIC GREEN: Okay, why don't we reconvene.
CPBRSBV_xII-00001-00000803-00001430 We're now going to move to two concept clearances, both of which were discussed initially at
CPBRSBV_xII-00002-00001430-00001880 the last Council meeting, deferred to today's Council meeting.
CPBRSBV_xII-00003-00001880-00002449 A lot of activity has taken place for both, including conference calls, lots of conversations.
CPBRSBV_xII-00004-00002449-00002932 And we are going to start off with Anastasia Wise presenting the Concept Clearance on ìGenomic
CPBRSBV_xII-00005-00002932-00003198 Sequencing in Newborn Screening Disorders.î
CPBRSBV_xII-00006-00003198-00003728 ANASTASIA WISE: So I would like to start off just by welcoming our guests from NICHD who
CPBRSBV_xII-00007-00003728-00004128 are with us today, Tina Irv (?) and Melissa Perici (?) who are sitting in the back there.
CPBRSBV_xII-00008-00004128-00004514 So if you have any questions about some of this, I might also refer to them at points.
CPBRSBV_xII-00009-00004514-00005064 So, as you may remember we presented in February a Concept Clearance for "Newborn Sequencing
CPBRSBV_xII-00010-00005064-00005350 with a U19 Award Mechanism."
CPBRSBV_xII-00011-00005350-00005802 That goal of this initiative will be stimulate research in three, coordinated areas, applicable
CPBRSBV_xII-00012-00005802-00006232 to newborn screening, related to acquiring and analyzing a genomic dataset, performing
CPBRSBV_xII-00013-00006232-00006639 clinical research to advance understanding of disorders identified via new born screening
CPBRSBV_xII-00014-00006639-00007259 and then related research regarding ethical, legal, and social implications of possibly
CPBRSBV_xII-00015-00007259-00007690 implementing this type of broad, DNA-based training in newborns.
CPBRSBV_xII-00016-00007690-00008263 This initiative will be funded jointly by both NHGRI and NICHD, who will each be committing
CPBRSBV_xII-00017-00008263-00008542 $2.5 million per year for a total of five years.
CPBRSBV_xII-00018-00008542-00009224 In the February Council we presented two related proposals for Concept Clearance.
CPBRSBV_xII-00019-00009224-00009618 The first of these was an SBIR STTR award, which was approved.
CPBRSBV_xII-00020-00009618-00010039 And then the second Concept was this U19 award, which was deferred to this Council session.
CPBRSBV_xII-00021-00010039-00010551 And to give you just a little bit of background, this has been a long process that we have
CPBRSBV_xII-00022-00010551-00010942 been going through, working with NICHD, developing this concept over a number of years.
CPBRSBV_xII-00023-00010942-00011502 This actually started at a workshop in 2010, discussing newborn screening in the genomic
CPBRSBV_xII-00024-00011502-00011921 era and setting a research agenda that was sponsored jointly by NICHD, NHGRI and the
CPBRSBV_xII-00025-00011921-00012117 Office of Rare Disease Research.
CPBRSBV_xII-00026-00012117-00012707 We followed this up with a Concept Clearance at NICHD's Council in January as well as the
CPBRSBV_xII-00027-00012707-00013169 presentation here in February where, though we heard in general from Council that there
CPBRSBV_xII-00028-00013169-00013513 was a lot of approval of this as a good idea in general, it seemed like everyone kind of
CPBRSBV_xII-00029-00013513-00014194 had a little bit of a different picture as to how this initiative should be structured.
CPBRSBV_xII-00030-00014194-00014613 We heard a number of concerns from Council and we've tried to group them into five main
CPBRSBV_xII-00031-00014613-00014713 categories.
CPBRSBV_xII-00032-00014713-00015147 The first of these was that we needed to really focus on a clear scientific rationale of what
CPBRSBV_xII-00033-00015147-00015366 we expect to learn from this initiative.
CPBRSBV_xII-00034-00015366-00015736 The second major Council concern was related to population selection.
CPBRSBV_xII-00035-00015736-00016237 And that we should consider the added scientific value of broadening the study population beyond
CPBRSBV_xII-00036-00016237-00016579 the confirmed, positive, newborn screened individuals.
CPBRSBV_xII-00037-00016579-00017098 We also heard from Council that the 500 gene targeted sequencing didn't seem to be enough
CPBRSBV_xII-00038-00017098-00017248 of an advance.
CPBRSBV_xII-00039-00017248-00017746 As well as a couple of more LC-related concerns, the first of which was related more to the
CPBRSBV_xII-00040-00017746-00018019 population selection and overall study design.
CPBRSBV_xII-00041-00018019-00018428 And the second dealing with public perception, public relations and we would be doing the
CPBRSBV_xII-00042-00018428-00018648 consent for these subjects.
CPBRSBV_xII-00043-00018648-00019336 We continued this process with a series of phone call discussions over e-mail with their
CPBRSBV_xII-00044-00019336-00019436 Council subgroup.
CPBRSBV_xII-00045-00019436-00020013 We then revised the concept and sent that out to our Council subgroup in April.
CPBRSBV_xII-00046-00020013-00020615 Through a series of further revisions both with our Council subgroup as well as NICHD,
CPBRSBV_xII-00047-00020615-00021101 we have come up with a new final Concept Clearance to present to you, again, here in May.
CPBRSBV_xII-00048-00021101-00021570 And made a number of changes based on both the feedback from our Council as well as staff
CPBRSBV_xII-00049-00021570-00021670 from NICHD and NHGRI.
CPBRSBV_xII-00050-00021670-00022465 For the first concern the Council had raised related to the scientific rationale for this
CPBRSBV_xII-00051-00022465-00022962 initiative, we've identified three research questions for these applications to focus
CPBRSBV_xII-00052-00022962-00023062 on.
CPBRSBV_xII-00053-00023062-00023483 And the applicants would be allowed to select one or more of these research questions for
CPBRSBV_xII-00054-00023483-00023583 their research.
CPBRSBV_xII-00055-00023583-00023953 But this would, then, provide a little more focus to the initiative.
CPBRSBV_xII-00056-00023953-00024356 The first of these questions is for disorders currently screened for in newborns, how can
CPBRSBV_xII-00057-00024356-00024846 genomic sequencing replicate or augment known newborn screening results.
CPBRSBV_xII-00058-00024846-00025237 The second question is what knowledge about conditions not currently screened for in newborns
CPBRSBV_xII-00059-00025237-00025504 could genomic sequencing of newborns currently provide.
CPBRSBV_xII-00060-00025504-00025887 And the third question is, what additional clinical information could be learned from
CPBRSBV_xII-00061-00025887-00026183 genomic sequencing relevant to the clinical car of newborns.
CPBRSBV_xII-00062-00026183-00026605 So this covers a couple of the different areas that we heard brought up, both by staff and
CPBRSBV_xII-00063-00026605-00027414 Council members related to looking at both the technology side of what can genomic sequencing
CPBRSBV_xII-00064-00027414-00028133 add to newborn screening as well as additional knowledge related to clinical conditions themselves.
CPBRSBV_xII-00065-00028133-00028800 Related to some of the other Council concerns, we decided to broaden the initiative to include
CPBRSBV_xII-00066-00028800-00029286 both positive and negative screened individuals, so any individuals that have no newborn screening
CPBRSBV_xII-00067-00029286-00029386 results.
CPBRSBV_xII-00068-00029386-00029969 We've also removed the 500 gene targeted sequencing and are requiring either whole exome or whole
CPBRSBV_xII-00069-00029969-00030264 gene sequencing.
CPBRSBV_xII-00070-00030264-00030685 We've asked the applicants to tailor their research to the context of the sequencing
CPBRSBV_xII-00071-00030685-00030995 and the research questions that they are looking to answer.
CPBRSBV_xII-00072-00030995-00031633 And so this really related to if you are looking at individuals that had a known disorder and
CPBRSBV_xII-00073-00031633-00032122 already had tested positive from newborn screening, you might be asking different questions related
CPBRSBV_xII-00074-00032122-00032567 to your LC research as well as returning different results than if you were looking at individuals
CPBRSBV_xII-00075-00032567-00032997 that had screened negative and potentially a condition that isn't screened for in newborns.
CPBRSBV_xII-00076-00032997-00033687 And we are also requiring a description both the informed consent process and how the applicants
CPBRSBV_xII-00077-00033687-00034178 would return their results within the applications themselves.
CPBRSBV_xII-00078-00034178-00034461 And with that, I would like to thank all of the groups here at NHGRI that have been working
CPBRSBV_xII-00079-00034461-00034903 on this newborn initiative as well as the folks at NICHD who have helped to develop
CPBRSBV_xII-00080-00034903-00035120 this joint project.
CPBRSBV_xII-00081-00035120-00035417 And with that, I'll take any questions.
CPBRSBV_xII-00082-00035417-00035879 Yes, sir.
CPBRSBV_xII-00083-00035879-00036696 PARTICIPANT: Go back on the slides, on the ones where you have A, B, and C. Those.
CPBRSBV_xII-00084-00036696-00036834 AW: Yes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00085-00036834-00037257 PARTICIPANT: Again, I'm just trying to understand this, I think.
CPBRSBV_xII-00086-00037257-00037795 When you talk about screening a newborn now, babies born, the screening is done when there
CPBRSBV_xII-00087-00037795-00037999 is a problem or all newborns?
CPBRSBV_xII-00088-00037999-00038221 Aw: All newborns are screened.
CPBRSBV_xII-00089-00038221-00038674 PARTICIPANT: So then you would be sequencingóand so now you are in the discussion about not
CPBRSBV_xII-00090-00038674-00038952 doing targeted but doing whole exome or how genome.
CPBRSBV_xII-00091-00038952-00039281 You would sequenceóor at least these would be research projects to thenó
CPBRSBV_xII-00092-00039281-00039540 Aw: These would be research projects, correct..
CPBRSBV_xII-00093-00039540-00040244 PARTICIPANT: Newborns, regardless of phenotype, right, whether there is a problem or not.
CPBRSBV_xII-00094-00040244-00040768 Aw: So the applicants could propose a research project that was related to a specific phenotype
CPBRSBV_xII-00095-00040768-00041239 or they could propose to look at individuals that didn't screen positive for one of the
CPBRSBV_xII-00096-00041239-00041503 known, newborn screening phenotypes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00097-00041503-00041836 And that could be that there is another phenotype that is very relevant to newborns that they
CPBRSBV_xII-00098-00041836-00041963 are interested in looking at.
CPBRSBV_xII-00099-00041963-00042316 Or it could be individuals that are expressing a phenotype at that point that they want to
CPBRSBV_xII-00100-00042316-00042448 learn more about.
CPBRSBV_xII-00101-00042448-00042556 PARTICIPANT: Okay.
CPBRSBV_xII-00102-00042556-00042664 I see.
CPBRSBV_xII-00103-00042664-00042772 Aw: Yes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00104-00042772-00043110 PARTICIPANT: I just had one question.
CPBRSBV_xII-00105-00043110-00043699 As the Concept Clearance reads in what was distributed, I think very appropriately the
CPBRSBV_xII-00106-00043699-00044292 LC component is put forth as a necessary component.
CPBRSBV_xII-00107-00044292-00044652 I just want to make sure that everybody knew that.
CPBRSBV_xII-00108-00044652-00045434 In your presentation it is not as clear thatómy own feelings are that it is not at all clear
CPBRSBV_xII-00109-00045434-00045866 whether newborn screening using whole genome sequencing will actually be useful.
CPBRSBV_xII-00110-00045866-00046178 But that is what we are going to ask the community to come up with ideas about.
CPBRSBV_xII-00111-00046178-00046842 I do think it is such a special population and such a vulnerable population that the
CPBRSBV_xII-00112-00046842-00047496 RFA itself needs to make very clear that that needs to be a prominent component of anyó
CPBRSBV_xII-00113-00047496-00047596 Aw: Yes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00114-00047596-00048194 All of the applications would be required to do research in all three of those component
CPBRSBV_xII-00115-00048194-00048637 areas, the genomic sequencing, the clinical research as well as the LC research.
CPBRSBV_xII-00116-00048637-00049045 And then these questions are more to focus the different types of research projects.
CPBRSBV_xII-00117-00049045-00049450 PARTICIPANT: Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think we use similar language that we used
CPBRSBV_xII-00118-00049450-00049869 for the Caesar program, where it was pretty clear that, in fact, if you didn't do well
CPBRSBV_xII-00119-00049869-00050100 in all three, or all the areasó
CPBRSBV_xII-00120-00050100-00050200 PARTICIPANT: That's good.
CPBRSBV_xII-00121-00050200-00050697 Because I could see that as a primary research question, the LC issues and that doesn't come
CPBRSBV_xII-00122-00050697-00050901 across as much in this.
CPBRSBV_xII-00123-00050901-00051095 I think that is real important.
CPBRSBV_xII-00124-00051095-00051440 PARTICIPANT: Are you saying that you might have grants where they have only that component?
CPBRSBV_xII-00125-00051440-00051705 Aw: No, they have to have all three components in all applications.
CPBRSBV_xII-00126-00051705-00051836 PARTICIPANT: Oh, they do.
CPBRSBV_xII-00127-00051836-00051936 Okay.
CPBRSBV_xII-00128-00051936-00052376 PARTICIPANT: So one way to avoid people tacking that on as a paragraph at the end of their
CPBRSBV_xII-00129-00052376-00052828 grant, which they certainly used to do, I don't know if it happens as much, would be
CPBRSBV_xII-00130-00052828-00053072 to put it as the first thing that they talk about.
CPBRSBV_xII-00131-00053072-00053478 Because if you think about it when you are going to do this, you better have the figured
CPBRSBV_xII-00132-00053478-00053611 out before you even start.
CPBRSBV_xII-00133-00053611-00054294 So maybe make that more critical by putting it up front.
CPBRSBV_xII-00134-00054294-00054639 Aw: That's a good suggestion.
CPBRSBV_xII-00135-00054639-00055136 PARTICIPANT: Although I can see the value of newborn screening for Mendelian disorders
CPBRSBV_xII-00136-00055136-00055726 with high penetrance, I think I have some concerns about when you are going to find
CPBRSBV_xII-00137-00055726-00056404 variance, especially in whole exome that give rise to conditions, the outcome is not certain.
CPBRSBV_xII-00138-00056404-00056908 So they could increase risk for learning disabilities or autism, for example.
CPBRSBV_xII-00139-00056908-00057395 And you stigmatize that child and think about early interventions.
CPBRSBV_xII-00140-00057395-00057853 And I think some work needs to be done on the LC side and also the clinical side to
CPBRSBV_xII-00141-00057853-00058536 understand the balance between wanted to do an early intervention, which may help a child
CPBRSBV_xII-00142-00058536-00059101 versus the ethical issues related to stigmatizing a child who may be perfectly, have a perfectly
CPBRSBV_xII-00143-00059101-00059509 normal outcome because it is only a risk, not a certainty.
CPBRSBV_xII-00144-00059509-00060139 Aw: And I think that is part of the reason why really wanted the researchers to choreograph
CPBRSBV_xII-00145-00060139-00060513 their LC research and their clinical research as well as what results they are returning
CPBRSBV_xII-00146-00060513-00061108 based on what research question they are asking.óand the particular tailor that research to the
CPBRSBV_xII-00147-00061108-00061208 question itself.
CPBRSBV_xII-00148-00061208-00061584 Because depending upon what phenotype they are looking at, what results they return may
CPBRSBV_xII-00149-00061584-00062024 be different and what's appropriate may be different depending upon what questions they
CPBRSBV_xII-00150-00062024-00062229 are asking.
CPBRSBV_xII-00151-00062229-00062874 PARTICIPANT: Is that a concern of yours or are you raising this as an important area
CPBRSBV_xII-00152-00062874-00063112 that might be investigated by an application?
CPBRSBV_xII-00153-00063112-00063461 PARTICIPANT: I think, since it is a concern, it should be investigated.
CPBRSBV_xII-00154-00063461-00063774 The problem is, you won't know the outcome for many years.
CPBRSBV_xII-00155-00063774-00064336 So you almost have to do longitudinal studies to really understand and understand talking
CPBRSBV_xII-00156-00064336-00064892 to parents, whether they wantóhow do they balance their child being stigmatized versus
CPBRSBV_xII-00157-00064892-00065191 having an early intervention, which might help them.
CPBRSBV_xII-00158-00065191-00065565 The problem is, those kinds of studies are going to takeóthey are not something you
CPBRSBV_xII-00159-00065565-00065765 can do in a short period of time.
CPBRSBV_xII-00160-00065765-00066261 PARTICIPANT: I'm not sure we have figure that out for Mendelian very well, right?
CPBRSBV_xII-00161-00066261-00066469 We needóeven.
CPBRSBV_xII-00162-00066469-00066897 I'm saying it is even hard on the simpler ones in that sense.
CPBRSBV_xII-00163-00066897-00067669 That for an adult onset disease like Huntington's, you know, even way back when, you don'tódo
CPBRSBV_xII-00164-00067669-00068167 you want to do that and know that information when there is not much you can do about it,
CPBRSBV_xII-00165-00068167-00068267 and the stigmatizing.
CPBRSBV_xII-00166-00068267-00068543 PARTICIPANT: In some of these cases there are things you can do.
CPBRSBV_xII-00167-00068543-00068820 There are interventions, which can help.
CPBRSBV_xII-00168-00068820-00069295 And you are going to find these things more frequently because they are common disorders.
CPBRSBV_xII-00169-00069295-00069941 PARTICIPANT: So what I would say, Tony, my own opinion is that this Concept Clearance
CPBRSBV_xII-00170-00069941-00070569 would hopefully attract application and research proposals that would start to look at that,
CPBRSBV_xII-00171-00070569-00070843 whetherówe would have to evaluate whether they would be too long term.
CPBRSBV_xII-00172-00070843-00071055 I think there are a lot of details we worked out.
CPBRSBV_xII-00173-00071055-00071585 But what I completely agree with are some of the LC issues that associated with it.
CPBRSBV_xII-00174-00071585-00071962 Which one of the things I think we, as an institute, would uniquely bring.
CPBRSBV_xII-00175-00071962-00072432 And I think Child Health would echo that as the partnership of having sort of a cadre
CPBRSBV_xII-00176-00072432-00072873 of researchers in the LC community that we have fosteredóthat getting them involved
CPBRSBV_xII-00177-00072873-00073212 in some of this and partnered with Child Health, where they bring this incredible expertise
CPBRSBV_xII-00178-00073212-00073463 around newborn screening more broadly.
CPBRSBV_xII-00179-00073463-00073824 That I think is sort of the kind of uniqueness we saw with this partnership that made us
CPBRSBV_xII-00180-00073824-00073944 enthusiastic.
CPBRSBV_xII-00181-00073944-00074064 Pearl?
CPBRSBV_xII-00182-00074064-00074759 PEARL: Is there any way of partnering with the Return of Research Results initiative,
CPBRSBV_xII-00183-00074759-00075219 which is looking at pediatric, pediatric EMERGE, etcetera.
CPBRSBV_xII-00184-00075219-00075606 I mean it seems like that might offer some additionó
CPBRSBV_xII-00185-00075606-00076205 Aw: We would really like to have these groups meet together and discuss those issues.
CPBRSBV_xII-00186-00076205-00076418 Yes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00187-00076418-00077445 ERIC GREEN: (?) Anyone else on Council?
CPBRSBV_xII-00188-00077445-00077759 Child Health folks, since you are here observing, is there anything you want to add to this
CPBRSBV_xII-00189-00077759-00077859 because Ióno.
CPBRSBV_xII-00190-00077859-00077959 You're fine.
CPBRSBV_xII-00191-00077959-00078059 Good.
CPBRSBV_xII-00192-00078059-00078159 I just wanted to make sure.
CPBRSBV_xII-00193-00078159-00078536 We are glad to give you a chance if you wanted to say anything.
CPBRSBV_xII-00194-00078536-00078786 So we require a vote for this.
CPBRSBV_xII-00195-00078786-00079112 I'm looking for a motion.
CPBRSBV_xII-00196-00079112-00079212 Move approval.
CPBRSBV_xII-00197-00079212-00079376 Is there a second?
CPBRSBV_xII-00198-00079376-00079476 PARTICIPANT: Yes.
CPBRSBV_xII-00199-00079476-00079759 ERIC GREEN: Any additional discussion?
CPBRSBV_xII-00200-00079759-00080135 If not, all in favor?
CPBRSBV_xII-00201-00080135-00080325 Opposed?
CPBRSBV_xII-00202-00080325-00080515 Abstentions?
CPBRSBV_xII-00203-00080515-00080840 A couple of abstentions.
CPBRSBV_xII-00204-00080840-00080943 Okay.
CPBRSBV_xII-00205-00080943-00081043 Several abstentions.
CPBRSBV_xII-00206-00081043-00081143 All right.
CPBRSBV_xII-00207-00081143-00081243 Thank you.
CPBRSBV_xII-00208-00081243-00081343 Thank you, Anastasia.
CPBRSBV_xII-00209-00081343-00081343 AW: Thank you.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00000-00000039-00000302 Module 6 - Getting Help
CRKXN9pkqY0-00001-00000302-00000494 The goal of this module is for the viewer
CRKXN9pkqY0-00002-00000494-00000752 to be able to coordinate evacuation
CRKXN9pkqY0-00003-00000752-00000919 procedures for the West Entrance of
CRKXN9pkqY0-00004-00000919-00001024 the Pattee Library.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00005-00001024-00001263 As the West Entrance Welcome Desk
CRKXN9pkqY0-00006-00001263-00001486 Assistant, you are also a Staging Area
CRKXN9pkqY0-00007-00001486-00001795 Coordinator should the fire alarm sound.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00008-00001795-00002011 This video will provide you with information to
CRKXN9pkqY0-00009-00002011-00002236 help you become more familiar with that position
CRKXN9pkqY0-00010-00002236-00002406 should the need arise.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00011-00002406-00002649 First, become familiar with the items
CRKXN9pkqY0-00012-00002649-00002877 you will need and their location.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00013-00002877-00003066 The radio is located on the left hand side
CRKXN9pkqY0-00014-00003066-00003310 of the desk near the telephone.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00015-00003310-00003410 It should be on,
CRKXN9pkqY0-00016-00003410-00003665 but you may need to turn the volume up.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00017-00003665-00003904 The clipboard with the evacuation procedure
CRKXN9pkqY0-00018-00003904-00004199 is also located next to the radio.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00019-00004199-00004299 The
CRKXN9pkqY0-00020-00004299-00004521 clipboard contains your vest, a flashlight,
CRKXN9pkqY0-00021-00004521-00004776 procedures and the evacuation checklist.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00022-00004776-00005032 Take the vest out of the bag and put it on.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00023-00005032-00005210 Your vest signifies that you are the Staging
CRKXN9pkqY0-00024-00005210-00005382 Area Coordinator.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00025-00005382-00005485 This will help fire marshals
CRKXN9pkqY0-00026-00005485-00005662 recognize you.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00027-00005662-00005899 Grab the radio, clipboard and the cones,
CRKXN9pkqY0-00028-00005899-00006110 which are located in front of the welcome desk,
CRKXN9pkqY0-00029-00006110-00006330 in front of the emergency exit.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00030-00006330-00006430 Leave the
CRKXN9pkqY0-00031-00006430-00006628 building through the emergency exit.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00032-00006628-00006728 Set the
CRKXN9pkqY0-00033-00006728-00006837 cones in front of the doors far enough away
CRKXN9pkqY0-00034-00006837-00007039 so that they don't get in the way of exiting
CRKXN9pkqY0-00035-00007039-00007192 patrons.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00036-00007192-00007358 Stand on the stairs between building
CRKXN9pkqY0-00037-00007358-00007559 and the sidewalk.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00038-00007559-00007748 Use the radio to communicate with other
CRKXN9pkqY0-00039-00007748-00007953 Coordination Posts.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00040-00007953-00008072 Direct Fire Marshals to
CRKXN9pkqY0-00041-00008072-00008361 report to the Central Coordination Post and
CRKXN9pkqY0-00042-00008361-00008577 direct patrons to the Secondary Staging
CRKXN9pkqY0-00043-00008577-00008848 Area at the top of the Mall.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00044-00008848-00009034 Use Fire Marshals to regulate the crowd
CRKXN9pkqY0-00045-00009034-00009315 control and bar access to the building.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00046-00009315-00009590 Finally, listen for the order to reenter
CRKXN9pkqY0-00047-00009590-00009820 the building from the Command Post Coordinator
CRKXN9pkqY0-00048-00009820-00010106 once Police Services or Facilities Management
CRKXN9pkqY0-00049-00010106-00010347 has given clearance to do so.
CRKXN9pkqY0-00050-00010347-00010447 Be sure that
CRKXN9pkqY0-00051-00010447-00011552 all of the Posts receive the message.
CRNe3lbhvzI-00000-00000003-00000401 how does gritty molnár commutes to campus everyday Berkeley was just always
CRNe3lbhvzI-00001-00000401-00000822 a place to be growing up here like everyone were clean like hang out and I
CRNe3lbhvzI-00002-00000822-00001659 guess I never really realized the real problem with the housing while the
CRNe3lbhvzI-00003-00001659-00002016 one-hour commute from her hometown in Vallejo is cheaper as a transfer student
CRNe3lbhvzI-00004-00002016-00002397 she still has to pay bridge toll and fill her gas tank twice a week I
CRNe3lbhvzI-00005-00002397-00002894 actually put myself through school I have since I went to Community College I
CRNe3lbhvzI-00006-00002894-00003257 worked five nights a week as a waitress after attending morning classes she
CRNe3lbhvzI-00007-00003257-00003779 drives back home to work then commutes back to campus for classes at night with
CRNe3lbhvzI-00008-00003779-00004209 lack of affordable housing and growing financial costs students are commuting
CRNe3lbhvzI-00009-00004209-00004659 as far as three hours just to make it to class The Guardian reports that more
CRNe3lbhvzI-00010-00004659-00005052 than 50% of students at some universities commute from home with the
CRNe3lbhvzI-00011-00005052-00005544 overcrowding of EC Berkeley US news and world report says that 75% of students
CRNe3lbhvzI-00012-00005544-00006032 here live off campus for students like Hana commuting impact social life and
CRNe3lbhvzI-00013-00006032-00006636 academics and she's not alone you come here it's like you're drained but you
CRNe3lbhvzI-00014-00006636-00007047 try to make the most of that of everyday transfer student Donovan Chiu has an
CRNe3lbhvzI-00015-00007047-00007470 hour commute on BART from the end of the lineup Millbrae every day he carves out
CRNe3lbhvzI-00016-00007470-00008006 time to meet with friends after studying in transit it's not as easy as most
CRNe3lbhvzI-00017-00008006-00008559 people think you have to know you have to literally juggle three balls at the
CRNe3lbhvzI-00018-00008559-00008940 same time the mere mention of being a commuter student he says comes with a
CRNe3lbhvzI-00019-00008940-00009354 heavy stigma and while the university scrambles to accommodate its students
CRNe3lbhvzI-00020-00009354-00009774 students like Hana and Donovan continue to go the extra mile
CRNe3lbhvzI-00021-00009774-00010238 Thomas melania for Kao TV news
CTJJbJna8WA-00000-00000000-00000918 ♬ Oh, how you soothe me, ♬
CTJJbJna8WA-00001-00000918-00001452 ♬ You take away my breath. ♬
CTJJbJna8WA-00002-00001452-00001639 [Frances]: Nothing could go wrong,
CTJJbJna8WA-00003-00001639-00001970 nothing will ever go wrong if we follow the Spirit.
CTJJbJna8WA-00004-00001970-00002312 [Diana]: If you have to have one skill to perfect
CTJJbJna8WA-00005-00002312-00002544 it's just that skill of listening and following
CTJJbJna8WA-00006-00002544-00002616 [Frances]: Exactly.
CTJJbJna8WA-00007-00002616-00002968 [Diana]: It will give you a quality life in the end.
CTJJbJna8WA-00008-00002968-00003224 [Frances]: The result of the listen & follow is not
CTJJbJna8WA-00009-00003224-00003576 anything but that you realize how much you're cared for
CTJJbJna8WA-00010-00003576-00003726 and how much you're loved.
CTJJbJna8WA-00011-00003726-00004372 And in the end, the end result and the reward is a total relaxation of the mind,
CTJJbJna8WA-00012-00004372-00004832 that, okay, I will never worry again, you know,
CTJJbJna8WA-00013-00004832-00005008 I will always live like this
CTJJbJna8WA-00014-00005008-00005464 and I'm worthy to live like this  in the most extreme situations.
CTJJbJna8WA-00015-00005464-00005934 I think Awakening 2 Love is just completely led by vision
CTJJbJna8WA-00016-00005934-00006388 and that kind of calling and whatever touched you
CTJJbJna8WA-00017-00006388-00006645 as the inspiration to say, "I'm worthy,"
CTJJbJna8WA-00018-00006645-00006930 And we are worthy to hear the call,
CTJJbJna8WA-00019-00006930-00007476 we're worthy to allow everything  to be healed by the Spirit, by God.
CTJJbJna8WA-00020-00007476-00007823 So that, you know, that is completely up front
CTJJbJna8WA-00021-00007823-00008380 and leading the way  for this big event in the monastery.
CTJJbJna8WA-00022-00008380-00008886 It's just one event of the year, so I think it's inspiring.
CTJJbJna8WA-00023-00008886-00009158 And if you feel something touched your heart as well
CTJJbJna8WA-00024-00009158-00009538 then that's a sign that yeah, let's meet there.
CTJJbJna8WA-00025-00009538-00009638 [Diana]: Well, thank you—
CTJJbJna8WA-00026-00009638-00009736 [Frances]: Yeah, thank you too!
CTJJbJna8WA-00027-00009736-00010488 [Diana]: —so much, such an honor, and I do  really look forward to you on Awakening 2 Love.
CTJJbJna8WA-00028-00010488-00010562 [Frances]: Thank you.
CTJJbJna8WA-00029-00010562-00011218 ♬ I will follow. ♬
CXXS0lhRQgy-00000-00000256-00000957 Llwyddodd Billy Brown, deunaw oed o’r Barri, i ddod dros ei orbryder a’i ddiffyg hunanhyder
CXXS0lhRQgy-00001-00000957-00001485 ac ymuno â Rhaglen Tîm Ymddiriedolaeth y Tywysog sy’n cael ei rhedeg trwy’r darparwr
CXXS0lhRQgy-00002-00001485-00001821 hyfforddiant The People Business-Wales Ltd.
CXXS0lhRQgy-00003-00001821-00002273 Three months after starting his Traineeship, Billy enjoyed a two-week work taster with
CXXS0lhRQgy-00004-00002273-00002735 Crystal IT and built friendships on the back of a residential stay.
CXXS0lhRQgy-00005-00002735-00003164 Billy is now continuing his training at the People Business-Wales, and has a full time
CXXS0lhRQgy-00006-00003164-00003332 work placement with CrystalIT.
CaFZt9bYozk-00000-00000344-00000781 Increased regulatory scrutiny? Bring it on say the Crypto Billionaires.
CaFZt9bYozk-00001-00000781-00001304 Mike Novogratz and the Winklevii are not bothered by more regulation... in fact, they welcome
CaFZt9bYozk-00002-00001304-00001404 it.
CaFZt9bYozk-00003-00001404-00001759 Both parties want to weed out and deter bad actors in the crypto space.
CaFZt9bYozk-00004-00001759-00002211 No one likes a bad actor
CaFZt9bYozk-00005-00002800-00003172 The Department of Justice has opened a criminal probe into whether traders are manipulating
CaFZt9bYozk-00006-00003172-00003629 the price of cryptocurrencies. Federal prosecutors are working with the CFTC,
CaFZt9bYozk-00007-00003629-00004008 a financial regulator that oversees derivatives tied to Bitcoin.
CaFZt9bYozk-00008-00004008-00004531 The investigation is focused on illegal practices that affect prices -- such as spoofing or
CaFZt9bYozk-00009-00004531-00004826 wash trades.
CaFZt9bYozk-00010-00005907-00006263 Crypto exchanges are beginning to realize that if they want to go mainstream, they have
CaFZt9bYozk-00011-00006263-00006628 to act. Gemini, run by the Winklevii, hired Nasdaq
CaFZt9bYozk-00012-00006628-00007099 last month to oversee surveillance of crypto on their exchange. They have also urged trading
CaFZt9bYozk-00013-00007100-00007518 platforms to work together to form a group that would self-regulate for the entire industry.
CaFZt9bYozk-00014-00007800-00008281 Bitcoin slumped to a six-week low, falling below 7.5k for the first time since April.
CaFZt9bYozk-00015-00008281-00008877 That ’s a 20% drop since its May peak. Adding to Bitcoin’s woes, the exchange OKEx
CaFZt9bYozk-00016-00008877-00009356 suspended withdrawals and fiat trading to rectify an error that was producing inaccurate
CaFZt9bYozk-00017-00009356-00009479 account balances.
CaFZt9bYozk-00018-00009479-00009963 Tom Lee predicted a rally, but with increased regulatory scrutiny, what we have is quite
CaFZt9bYozk-00019-00009963-00010253 the opposite. And now for your Tom Lee of the week with
CaFZt9bYozk-00020-00010253-00010374 Tom Lee…
CaFZt9bYozk-00021-00010374-00010902 Tom Lee is fast becoming the anti-Buffett. Whereas Buffett talks FUD, Tom ‘nostradamus’
CaFZt9bYozk-00022-00010902-00011250 Lee prefers to make wild predictions that often don’t work out:
CaFZt9bYozk-00023-00011250-00011720 “So as miserable as it feels holding Bitcoin at $8,000, the move from $8,000 to $25,000
CaFZt9bYozk-00024-00011720-00012132 will happen in a handful of days," A handful of days may not sound like very
CaFZt9bYozk-00025-00012132-00012700 much until you consider the fact that, unlike Trump, Tom Lee has massive hands.
CaFZt9bYozk-00026-00012939-00013551 We celebrated Bitcoin Pizza Day this week. 8 years ago, on May 22nd, 2010, a programmer
CaFZt9bYozk-00027-00013551-00013993 paid for two pizzas with Bitcoin. The first time Bitcoin was used to buy goods,
CaFZt9bYozk-00028-00013993-00014423 a historic moment. The moment is immortalized online in a Bitcointalk.org
CaFZt9bYozk-00029-00014423-00014984 forum, where programmer Laszlo Hanyecz confirmed that he’d bought two pizzas for 10,000 BTC
CaFZt9bYozk-00030-00014984-00015388 from Papa John’s Pizza in America. Hanyecz had asked users in the forum to deliver
CaFZt9bYozk-00031-00015388-00015920 two pizzas for 10,000 BTC, and eventually, a teenager named Jeremy Sturdivant, nicknamed
CaFZt9bYozk-00032-00015920-00016420 Jercos, accepted Bitcoin and sent Hanyecz two pizzas from Papa John’s, and the rest,
CaFZt9bYozk-00033-00016420-00016843 as they say, is history. At the time, 1 Bitcoin was worth a fraction
CaFZt9bYozk-00034-00016843-00017426 of a cent, meaning Hanyecz’ 10,000 BTC were worth $41. Today, the original Bitcoin pizzas
CaFZt9bYozk-00035-00017426-00017950 would cost you around 80 million dollars. Hanyecz, a brave pioneer, paved the way and
CaFZt9bYozk-00036-00017950-00018322 inspired others. Because of him, services like PizzaForCoins,
CaFZt9bYozk-00037-00018322-00018839 Egifter, and even some restaurants accept various cryptocurrencies to buy the Italian
CaFZt9bYozk-00038-00018839-00019054 delicacy. Hanyecz made headlines again in February,
CaFZt9bYozk-00039-00019054-00019495 by reliving his glory days and buying two pizzas using the Lightning Network.
CaFZt9bYozk-00040-00019495-00019881 Here you can see Laszlo’s family enjoying Bitcoin Lightning pizzas.
CaFZt9bYozk-00041-00019881-00020356 Bitcoin relies on heroic early adopters like Hanyecz. But don’t be a hungry Hungarian
CaFZt9bYozk-00042-00020356-00020700 tonight. No 2 for 1 deal is worth $40 million dollars.
CaFZt9bYozk-00043-00020845-00021392 Google wants to hire Buterin! (allegedly) The Ethereum co-founder posted a tweet with
CaFZt9bYozk-00044-00021392-00021826 a screenshot apparently from a Google recruiter asking if Google made sense for him right
CaFZt9bYozk-00045-00021826-00022106 now. Buterin quickly deleted the Tweet.
CaFZt9bYozk-00046-00022106-00022431 He also included a poll asking if he should take the job.
CaFZt9bYozk-00047-00022431-00022664 The answer was a resounding no, in case you were wondering.
CaFZt9bYozk-00048-00022664-00023143 Google could do with his help at the moment. They are currently working on two separate
CaFZt9bYozk-00049-00023143-00023749 blockchain projects: a “tamper-proof” auditing system and a cloud operations platform.
CaFZt9bYozk-00050-00023749-00024106 As the saying goes, there are 6 million ways to die, choose one.
CaFZt9bYozk-00051-00024106-00024348 Google realizes it only has 2
CaFZt9bYozk-00052-00024348-00025000 Vitalik can destroy them from the inside, or continue destroying them from the outside.
CaFZt9bYozk-00053-00025226-00025567 Earlier this year Crypto was deemed Halal under sharia law.
CaFZt9bYozk-00054-00025567-00025910 Now a London mosque is the first in the world to accept Bitcoin donations
CaFZt9bYozk-00055-00025910-00026441 The Mosque in Hackney, London hopes to raise at least $13,000 in cryptocurrency donations
CaFZt9bYozk-00056-00026441-00026791 over Ramadan Muslims are asked to donate 2.5% of their
CaFZt9bYozk-00057-00026791-00027138 wealth during the 30-day festival as part of zakat, almsgiving.
CaFZt9bYozk-00058-00027138-00027522 “We are trying to appeal to a wider audience with the new money,” said the chairman of
CaFZt9bYozk-00059-00027522-00027706 the board of trustees “It’s big in the Islamic world, and we
CaFZt9bYozk-00060-00027706-00028182 have set up a platform for wealthier Muslims outside our community to support and donate
CaFZt9bYozk-00061-00028182-00028467 to our mosque.” A Blockchain expert who helped advise the
CaFZt9bYozk-00062-00028467-00028849 mosque on setting up the bitcoin wallet is hopeful for the scheme will be a success.
CaFZt9bYozk-00063-00029851-00030437 Ramadan Mubarak! to all our Muslim Cointelegraph fans.
CaFZt9bYozk-00064-00030437-00030936 Privacy-focused cryptocurrency Verge has been hacked... again
CaFZt9bYozk-00065-00030936-00031535 The previous hack happened in April. 250,000 Verge were stolen. This time, 35 mln Verge
CaFZt9bYozk-00066-00031535-00031901 coins were stolen in a matter of hours Verge tweeted that their mining pools were
CaFZt9bYozk-00067-00031901-00032311 under a DDOS attack on May 21, noting that they were working to resolve it.
CaFZt9bYozk-00068-00032311-00032706 At the time of writing the hack was currently equal to around $1.4 mln.
CaFZt9bYozk-00069-00032706-00033128 Verge’s Twitter account was also compromised in March, with hackers tweeting about a fraudulent
CaFZt9bYozk-00070-00033128-00033484 giveaway of Verge coins. Critics of the cryptocurrency don’t believe
CaFZt9bYozk-00071-00033484-00033974 developers are doing enough to prevent hacks. Not all doom and gloom though, last month
CaFZt9bYozk-00072-00033974-00034474 Verge announced a partnership with Pornhub. If Verge continues having (cough) performance
CaFZt9bYozk-00073-00034474-00034900 issues, investors might move on to a coin that doesn’t find it so hard to stay up
CaFZt9bYozk-00074-00034900-00035100 in the market.
CaFZt9bYozk-00075-00035600-00036053 Thanks for watching, like for one high five from Tom Lee’s massive hands,
CaFZt9bYozk-00076-00036053-00036337 like, subscribe, and hodl for two!
CihN0qM_Xno-00000-00000088-00001032 Good morning. This message is from my mom. Wow. It's been a tough
CihN0qM_Xno-00001-00001312-00001928 six months or a year. At first I just wanted to apologize. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00002-00002384-00003504 I was wrong. And you are the first person I have to apologize to. And apology
CihN0qM_Xno-00003-00003504-00004384 comes when I can forgive you and forgive myself and ask God for forgiveness for what happened.
CihN0qM_Xno-00004-00004544-00005400 You see, it's always been the number three for me. It's weird, like, let me tell you
CihN0qM_Xno-00005-00005400-00006056 why I'm apologizing to you and why I'm putting this video on Instagram on Tik Tok on YouTube,
CihN0qM_Xno-00006-00006376-00006695 because I wouldn't be where I am today if it wasn't for you. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00007-00006776-00007600 Number one, I have to apologize to you because God made me realize I wouldn't be here on Earth
CihN0qM_Xno-00008-00007664-00008144 if it wasn't for you. You gave birth to me. You took care of me when I was little.
CihN0qM_Xno-00009-00008352-00009224 0 to 7 or 9 (age) I don't remember. I do not remember at all. What you told me is
CihN0qM_Xno-00010-00009224-00009984 what I know and I have to thank you for that. It was very, very hard. Not that it's your fault,
CihN0qM_Xno-00011-00010088-00010792 because I believe you did the best you could. So, number one, I want to apologize because
CihN0qM_Xno-00012-00010792-00011264 you brought me into this world and the things that I said about you, the things that I said
CihN0qM_Xno-00013-00011264-00012024 about your daughter, my sister, my brother in law, and even my ex-wives and my religion. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00014-00012120-00012608 And Hazrath Mirza Masroor Ahmed. That's the second person I need to apologize to.
CihN0qM_Xno-00015-00012720-00013424 Like you're our current (religous) leader. Based on the organization and the community we're in,
CihN0qM_Xno-00016-00013536-00014256 I honestly, I wrote to you and wrote some nasty letters in my innocence and in my inner child.
CihN0qM_Xno-00017-00014352-00014856 So, Mom, I apologize to you, Hazoor. I apologize to you. And then with that,
CihN0qM_Xno-00018-00014856-00015376 I would like to apologize to my children. Amaya, am I your number three?
CihN0qM_Xno-00019-00015488-00015928 But am I you're actually number one because you are the one who got me started.
CihN0qM_Xno-00020-00016072-00016664 We had an altercation. Something happened. I got upset. I yelled at you.
CihN0qM_Xno-00021-00016744-00017328 I got mad at you. Then I got emotional. And from there, I went downhill for a little bit.
CihN0qM_Xno-00022-00017432-00018112 So, Mom Hazoor and Amaya, you three, I will always be grateful for. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00023-00018216-00018920 So thank you. And Amaya. I'm sorry. I know it's your birthday today, and it's unfortunate that
CihN0qM_Xno-00024-00019256-00020008 we're not able to spend time together. And I get a little emotional because as a father,
CihN0qM_Xno-00025-00020488-00020672 you see the love you have for your children
CihN0qM_Xno-00026-00021112-00021648 and your mother and your community. Nothing can replace it.
CihN0qM_Xno-00027-00022024-00022488 You see, Amaya you made me cry. My mom and Hazoor I love them.
CihN0qM_Xno-00028-00022488-00022912 God bless them. But they're older. They've done what they were supposed to do. They taught us.
CihN0qM_Xno-00029-00023072-00023560 Amaya you and bring and Noor are the three things that I leave behind. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00030-00023992-00024472 Honestly, when I'm gone, all the material that I put up on my website,
CihN0qM_Xno-00031-00024704-00025272 on my blog, on my Instagram, all the fun that I have. This is just for you guys.
CihN0qM_Xno-00032-00025272-00025872 And I hope and pray one day you're able to enjoy your dad and you're able to see
CihN0qM_Xno-00033-00026480-00027024 that your dad always apologized and apologized from his heart when you knew he was wrong. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00034-00027024-00028112 And then he asked for forgiveness. He asked for forgiveness on your birthday. Amaya and he sent a
CihN0qM_Xno-00035-00028112-00028695 message to everybody because it's easier. There's only nine or ten people that are important. Amaya
CihN0qM_Xno-00036-00029048-00029872 your mom always comes first, which is Mehreen for you. Number two is your leader. The person
CihN0qM_Xno-00037-00029936-00031024 that's here to lead your organization, whether you like it or not, that's the path you chose. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00038-00031024-00031904 And above those two is God. That's it. That's your creator. My advice to you is, as I apologize,
CihN0qM_Xno-00039-00032144-00033048 listen to your mom. Listen to your. Your your prophet and your Khalifa and your Hazoor. But
CihN0qM_Xno-00040-00033048-00033752 learn to discern and learn to understand what it is that they're teaching you. And how do
CihN0qM_Xno-00041-00033752-00034440 you feel in your heart? See, Amaya right now. Now I'm apologizing to my mom to Hazoor to you,
CihN0qM_Xno-00042-00034536-00035648 to Noor, to Ambreen, to your mom, Mehreen to Nadia, Noor's mother to Asma Adams Mom, Ayshas mom
CihN0qM_Xno-00043-00035864-00037152 to Nicole, Layla, Mike Umair, my sister. That's it. Nine, ten people in my friends
CihN0qM_Xno-00044-00037152-00037672 community, neighborhood like everyone else is, is on the outside. We hardly interact.
CihN0qM_Xno-00045-00037760-00038200 So the nine or ten people that I interact with the most are the ones that I want to apologize to. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00046-00038536-00039392 So on your birthday, Amaya, almost six months later, I'm able to go in my heart and apologize
CihN0qM_Xno-00047-00039392-00040416 to Mom I'm sorry. Hazoor I'm sorry. I Amaya I am sorry. Mehreen, Nadia, Asma, Ambreen, Noor,
CihN0qM_Xno-00048-00040416-00041112 Umair, sis. That basically covers everybody.
CihN0qM_Xno-00049-00041312-00041928 That's very close to me. I have a few friends and Nicole. Nicole is
CihN0qM_Xno-00050-00041928-00042408 very important because Nicole woke me up. She's very, very, very important. And Layla.
CihN0qM_Xno-00051-00042712-00043520 They had to put up with my anger. See where Mom gave up, where Hazoor gave up. Where Amaya you
CihN0qM_Xno-00052-00043520-00044160 gave up Ambreen and Noor different. They don't really care. They're different souls. Your mom
CihN0qM_Xno-00053-00044160-00044984 gave up Amaya. Nadia gave up Asma gave up. And it's almost like we're. I gave up to. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00054-00045160-00045400 But in all of this, I'll tell you, God never gives up.
CihN0qM_Xno-00055-00045736-00046376 So this is a little bit of a rant, but, you know, that's
CihN0qM_Xno-00056-00046376-00046928 an honest apology because I can go into my inner child, see when I look up,
CihN0qM_Xno-00057-00047040-00047888 I'm downloading and I'm visualizing. But when a person looks down, like for me it's different.
CihN0qM_Xno-00058-00047888-00048320 Like I'm processing and I'm trying to figure out if I'm telling the truth or not. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00059-00048632-00049256 And I guess the best apology is an apology from the heart, where you ask for forgiveness
CihN0qM_Xno-00060-00049256-00049792 to everybody, and then you also forgive everybody else and you let them know,
CihN0qM_Xno-00061-00050184-00050848 I take my power back and I take my control. I apologize. I said, I'm sorry
CihN0qM_Xno-00062-00051080-00051528 I've forgiven you. I pray that you forgive me, but I can't control that. 
CihN0qM_Xno-00063-00051528-00051904 Right. But the best part is I can just ask God
CihN0qM_Xno-00064-00051904-00052504 and I can say, father, mother, my real mom and dad that put me here that are invisible to me,
CihN0qM_Xno-00065-00052616-00053144 that I cannot see physically, but that I can feel in my heart. I ask them for forgiveness.
CihN0qM_Xno-00066-00053279-00053855 So that's the number three for me. Look if you ask mom and Dad, your real mom and dad for forgiveness
CihN0qM_Xno-00067-00054055-00054784 and then you forgive yourself and then you forgive others, that's four ways you forgiven people,
CihN0qM_Xno-00068-00054967-00055520 whether Amaya forgives me or not, whether Mehreen forgives me or not, whether Asma or Nadia,
CihN0qM_Xno-00069-00055520-00056336 forgive me or not is irrelevant because you can move on with your life and you can achieve 
CihN0qM_Xno-00070-00056336-00056800 your goals and your path and still love them and still hold space for them.
CihN0qM_Xno-00071-00056879-00057584 Because at the end of the day, you realize like, we're all praying to the same God,
CihN0qM_Xno-00072-00057767-00058016 we're all going to go to the same place when we die
CihN0qM_Xno-00073-00058160-00058808 and it's beautiful. So I hope you take this apology. I've kept it under 10 minutes, and now
CihN0qM_Xno-00074-00058920-00059216 it's up to you. You can comment. You can like,
CihN0qM_Xno-00075-00059216-00059912 you can share. You can keep in touch. It's up to you. I'm here. I love you guys.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00000-00000557-00000890 hello my name is Brian
CirZfOC6Ah4-00001-00000890-00001384 Mulligan and in this short video we'll be just looking at some tips and tricks to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00002-00001384-00001684 create good multiple choice quizzes
CirZfOC6Ah4-00003-00001780-00002173 okay first of all I'd like to ask: why would you choose multiple choice
CirZfOC6Ah4-00004-00002173-00002748 questions? i have to say i do have a preference for multiple choice questions
CirZfOC6Ah4-00005-00002748-00003343 possibly because they're this simplest to create - multiple response is a version
CirZfOC6Ah4-00006-00003343-00003796 of multiple choice questions where there are more than one correct answers
CirZfOC6Ah4-00007-00003858-00004515 With short answers you've got to worry about learner's misspelling words
CirZfOC6Ah4-00008-00004515-00005089 Hotspots use images and you've got to define certain areas of an image that
CirZfOC6Ah4-00009-00005089-00005269 are correct or incorrect
CirZfOC6Ah4-00010-00005269-00005707 it's often easier just to include labels on the image and have a multiple choice
CirZfOC6Ah4-00011-00005707-00006162 question asked the learner to select which labeled is correct
CirZfOC6Ah4-00012-00006237-00006808 In matching questions really we have to match items in one list with with another-they
CirZfOC6Ah4-00013-00006808-00007281 can often be reformatted as multiple choice questions and are easier to write
CirZfOC6Ah4-00014-00007281-00007597 So that's my own preference for multiple choice questions!
CirZfOC6Ah4-00015-00007597-00008230 ok so I said i was going to give you some helpful tips on creating good
CirZfOC6Ah4-00016-00008230-00008488 multiple choice quizzes
CirZfOC6Ah4-00017-00008488-00008986 first of all I'd say: consider writing your quizzes in a text editor- you can
CirZfOC6Ah4-00018-00008986-00009469 try to directly input your quiz questions into the platform you use but
CirZfOC6Ah4-00019-00009469-00009997 often that platform can be tricky to edit- it has boxes to fill- it might be
CirZfOC6Ah4-00020-00009997-00010447 simpler to do it in a neutral format or an accepted form of like the GIFT format
CirZfOC6Ah4-00021-00010447-00011181 and then import import a whole series of questions in and one go
CirZfOC6Ah4-00022-00011181-00011878 ok here's an example of the gift format - you might write a question title for
CirZfOC6Ah4-00023-00011878-00012325 yourself the learner doesn't see that - then you write the stem of the question:
CirZfOC6Ah4-00024-00012325-00013038 the question text- then you would have, within these curly braces that you see
CirZfOC6Ah4-00025-00013038-00013638 here, you would have a correct answer with the equal sign (=) in front of it and
CirZfOC6Ah4-00026-00013638-00014206 the approximately equal sign (~) front of the incorrect answers
CirZfOC6Ah4-00027-00014206-00014776 (also known as the distractors) -  now you can type out this very quickly once you
CirZfOC6Ah4-00028-00014776-00014910 get used to it
CirZfOC6Ah4-00029-00014910-00015285 and remember when you import it into your platform
CirZfOC6Ah4-00030-00015285-00015693 you may be able to edit it then- you should be able to it then- if you're not
CirZfOC6Ah4-00031-00015693-00016047 happy with it, so this is the quickest way to prepare your questions
CirZfOC6Ah4-00032-00016176-00016626 ok it's suggested that you have 3 to 5 distractors- if you have less than three
CirZfOC6Ah4-00033-00016626-00017250 if you only 2 luck plays too big a part in it,  if you over five, it can
CirZfOC6Ah4-00034-00017250-00017550 make the question more difficult to answer
CirZfOC6Ah4-00035-00017550-00018123 I have to say if i had to choose I would prefer to go for six options rather than 2
CirZfOC6Ah4-00036-00018123-00018780 to err on the high side but keep it between three and five distractors ok
CirZfOC6Ah4-00037-00018780-00019245 don't worry about shuffling your answers most platform will shuffle the
CirZfOC6Ah4-00038-00019245-00019965 alternatives for you- because if you do shuffle them you'll tend to have a bias
CirZfOC6Ah4-00039-00019965-00020532 towards a particular position which the learners can often guess- that makes the
CirZfOC6Ah4-00040-00020532-00021072 questions a little bit easier and skews your results.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00041-00021072-00021291 There  are three types of questions to avoid that is: difficult
CirZfOC6Ah4-00042-00021291-00021807 easy and trick questions- trick questions could be considered to be very difficult
CirZfOC6Ah4-00043-00021807-00022245 questions- if your questions are too difficult
CirZfOC6Ah4-00044-00022335-00022767 generally people will score low and your test will not be able to discriminate
CirZfOC6Ah4-00045-00022767-00023295 between those people who do know a lot of those who do know a little.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00046-00023295-00023595 By the same token if your questions are too easy
CirZfOC6Ah4-00047-00023667-00024027 they won't help discriminate- everybody will tend to score highly and they won't
CirZfOC6Ah4-00048-00024027-00024405 help discriminate between those that know lot and those that know a little.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00049-00024405-00024630 Trick questions
CirZfOC6Ah4-00050-00024630-00025197 add an element of luck because people who actually know the information or
CirZfOC6Ah4-00051-00025197-00025584 knowledge may not be able to answer these trick questions and people will
CirZfOC6Ah4-00052-00025584-00026319 guess- so they're not really helpful. Implausible distractors. - You're trying to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00053-00026319-00026952 think up of incorrect answers and you think of some wild things-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00054-00026952-00027351 the students know they're not true - they are implausible so you're not really
CirZfOC6Ah4-00055-00027351-00027722 testing their knowledge you could say that these questions are just too easy-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00056-00027780-00028088 so try and think of plausible distractors
CirZfOC6Ah4-00057-00028088-00028668 A good way to do that by the way is often to ask learners a question and let
CirZfOC6Ah4-00058-00028668-00029199 them give you answers and then you find that learners have lots of plausible
CirZfOC6Ah4-00059-00029199-00029706 distractors.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00060-00029706-00030389 In the words of the song accentuate the positive eliminate the negative- if you
CirZfOC6Ah4-00061-00030389-00030620 have negatives in questions
CirZfOC6Ah4-00062-00030620-00030983 it can confuse students- now generally you have to do it but there's one thing
CirZfOC6Ah4-00063-00030983-00031302 you must avoid: "double negatives"
CirZfOC6Ah4-00064-00031302-00031625 This is a question here is "which is one of the following is false"
CirZfOC6Ah4-00065-00031677-00032262 london is not in the UK- it can take students a bit of thinking to get around
CirZfOC6Ah4-00066-00032262-00032453 the logic in that-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00067-00032453-00032805 remember you're often not testing them on logic- you are
CirZfOC6Ah4-00068-00032805-00033302 testing them on geography here. So avoid double negatives - it tends to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00069-00033302-00033497 confuse and makes the question
CirZfOC6Ah4-00070-00033497-00034250 unnecessarily difficult. The options should generally look similar
CirZfOC6Ah4-00071-00034250-00034743 particularly in their length- here's one here- we have a correct answer, a wrong
CirZfOC6Ah4-00072-00034743-00035061 answer, a very long wrong answer
CirZfOC6Ah4-00073-00035061-00035702 and another few wrong answers- that wrong answer will draw students attention-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00074-00035702-00036287 generally people tend to write long correct answers but they're
CirZfOC6Ah4-00075-00036287-00036849 longer and more precise but it draws students to them so
CirZfOC6Ah4-00076-00036849-00037268 avoid writing longer correct answers
CirZfOC6Ah4-00077-00037268-00037571 it will be a little bit too easy.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00078-00037571-00038213 By the same token avoid writing longer incorrect answers because it will
CirZfOC6Ah4-00079-00038213-00038574 attract students away from the correct answer and make the question
CirZfOC6Ah4-00080-00038574-00038931 unnecessarily difficult or generally unfair.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00081-00038931-00039387 Be careful when combining options- again
CirZfOC6Ah4-00082-00039387-00039914 this would tend to attract students- so if you are going to combine options
CirZfOC6Ah4-00083-00039914-00040277 make sure you try to do all the combinations so you're not showing any
CirZfOC6Ah4-00084-00040277-00040577 bias towards them.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00085-00040699-00041203 Avoid "all of the above" and "none of the above" - we all tend to use these just
CirZfOC6Ah4-00086-00041203-00041530 to put in an extra option-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00087-00041530-00042001 these tend to attract the student student so try to avoid them try- to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00088-00042001-00042691 think of plausible distractors.  Avoid clues in the stem- often you have a
CirZfOC6Ah4-00089-00042691-00042769 question
CirZfOC6Ah4-00090-00042769-00043201 and there's a word in the stem- and then the word also appears in the correct
CirZfOC6Ah4-00091-00043201-00043807 answer or another version of the word appears in the answer that is a clue to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00092-00043807-00044137 the students that this may be the correct answer.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00093-00044137-00044575 So make sure that you don't have any clues in the stem that would lead them
CirZfOC6Ah4-00094-00044575-00044932 to select the correct answer.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00095-00044932-00045313 Consider how learners misunderstand.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00096-00045313-00045832 From your experience of teaching and knowing how learners make mistakes in
CirZfOC6Ah4-00097-00045832-00046324 the past, base some of your questions on those typical mistakes- that will also
CirZfOC6Ah4-00098-00046324-00046672 improve your teaching as well as those mistakes may disappear but those
CirZfOC6Ah4-00099-00046672-00046903 mistakes do tend to persist.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00100-00046903-00047356 So you can base your questions on how you know that learners tend to
CirZfOC6Ah4-00101-00047356-00048055 misunderstand the material.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00102-00048055-00048205 If your platform can do this
CirZfOC6Ah4-00103-00048205-00048631 make more questions than you need and put them in banks of questions so that each
CirZfOC6Ah4-00104-00048631-00048838 time a student tries the quiz
CirZfOC6Ah4-00105-00048838-00049210 it will draw questions randomly from the bank of questions so they won't get the
CirZfOC6Ah4-00106-00049210-00049714 same questions every time- this will tend to force them to go back over the
CirZfOC6Ah4-00107-00049714-00050080 materials to learn before they try the test again
CirZfOC6Ah4-00108-00050400-00050754 So how do we get these question banks- well it can be hard thinking of
CirZfOC6Ah4-00109-00050754-00051171 questions but you can often think of multiple versions of the same question
CirZfOC6Ah4-00110-00051234-00051722 that are almost correct if you're looking enough to be doing mathematical
CirZfOC6Ah4-00111-00051722-00052241 questions often you cannot get tools that will generate multiple versions of
CirZfOC6Ah4-00112-00052241-00052545 the same questions with different numbers in them but it would be the
CirZfOC6Ah4-00113-00052545-00052698 same basic question.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00114-00052698-00053247 it's important to spread the questions evenly over the content that you have
CirZfOC6Ah4-00115-00053247-00053760 covered- it would be unfair to cover one part of the content and not another-
CirZfOC6Ah4-00116-00053760-00054177 so it's often a good idea to step through your content and think of
CirZfOC6Ah4-00117-00054177-00054807 questions at each new idea that you present in your content.
CirZfOC6Ah4-00118-00054858-00055653 Grammar. Well firstly it's important that your grammar be correct but it's also
CirZfOC6Ah4-00119-00055653-00056001 important that your grammar be similar in all your alternatives
CirZfOC6Ah4-00120-00056001-00056775 otherwise you'll attract students to the correct or the incorrect answers and
CirZfOC6Ah4-00121-00056775-00057366 lastly: what about getting a second reader to read over your questions and
CirZfOC6Ah4-00122-00057366-00057486 see what they think?
CirZfOC6Ah4-00123-00057486-00058032 Get their advice. ok that's it i hope you found the video useful.
CjoyEVogt6u-00000-00000084-00000878 Got a question from listener Valexis on self-censorship.
CjoyEVogt6u-00001-00000878-00002094 She is an artist with some very dark material, and she's concerned that it may be taken the
CjoyEVogt6u-00002-00002094-00002928 wrong way and could actually have a negative, harmful effect on people.
CjoyEVogt6u-00003-00002928-00003719 But at the same time, it could also have a powerful cathartic effect and be helpful.
CjoyEVogt6u-00004-00003719-00004270 So she's not sure whether to release this particular material.
CjoyEVogt6u-00005-00004270-00005521 And it goes to the question of what are the obligations of an artist, of a creator, to
CjoyEVogt6u-00006-00005521-00005898 society?
CjoyEVogt6u-00007-00005898-00007498 Is there a duty to protect the people in some way, versus perhaps a duty of an artist to
CjoyEVogt6u-00008-00007498-00008668 simply do whatever it takes, whatever is, on a purely artistic level, seen as good,
CjoyEVogt6u-00009-00008668-00009559 that is good, and to be willing to break all boundaries.
CjoyEVogt6u-00010-00009559-00010190 So this is a very difficult question for me, and I don't have an answer.
CjoyEVogt6u-00011-00010190-00010889 But the issue of self-censorship is certainly something that I deal with.
CjoyEVogt6u-00012-00010889-00011470 I'm not used to publically talking to the entire world.
CjoyEVogt6u-00013-00011470-00012464 I mean, you're talking into a camera, talking into a microphone, and anybody in the world
CjoyEVogt6u-00014-00012464-00012595 could watch you.
CjoyEVogt6u-00015-00012595-00013286 And maybe there's almost nobody who is even aware of the existence of this channel, of
CjoyEVogt6u-00016-00013286-00014141 this thing, as it is now, but then even in the future, anything I say could be found
CjoyEVogt6u-00017-00014141-00014487 by anybody.
CjoyEVogt6u-00018-00014487-00014897 And so when you're looking into that camera, when you're speaking into that microphone,
CjoyEVogt6u-00019-00014897-00015707 you really are speaking into the whole world, speaking for all time.
CjoyEVogt6u-00020-00015707-00017125 And really, part of the reason why I'm doing these little vlogs is to give myself the practice,
CjoyEVogt6u-00021-00017125-00017956 the training, of getting used to every day looking into that camera, speaking into that
CjoyEVogt6u-00022-00017956-00019347 microphone, and being okay with whatever I say being delivered to the whole world.
CjoyEVogt6u-00023-00019347-00020211 So in the particular case of some particularly dark material that might be harmful, I can't
CjoyEVogt6u-00024-00020211-00020929 answer the question of whether any particular material should be released.
CjoyEVogt6u-00025-00020929-00021909 It would have to be a balance between the good of what's considered to be good art,
CjoyEVogt6u-00026-00021909-00022641 good work, something that could be valuable to people as art, as work, compared to a possible
CjoyEVogt6u-00027-00022641-00023756 negative effect that a dark message inside art can have.
CjoyEVogt6u-00028-00023756-00024915 But my answer will be to really look into this feeling of self-censorship.
CjoyEVogt6u-00029-00024915-00026392 Look into that voice inside that says to hold back, or that cautions against expressing
CjoyEVogt6u-00030-00026392-00026492 something.
CjoyEVogt6u-00031-00026492-00027376 Because it seems to me like this is a mix of multiple sources.
CjoyEVogt6u-00032-00027376-00028255 There can be multiple sources of this feeling, of this thought.
CjoyEVogt6u-00033-00028255-00028977 One of them, and really the most good and justifiable and reasonable, would be this
CjoyEVogt6u-00034-00028977-00029652 idea of actually protecting the public against this material, protecting the public from
CjoyEVogt6u-00035-00029652-00030393 certain material, which I think would only be the case of some very, very dark stuff.
CjoyEVogt6u-00036-00030393-00030930 Not just something covering dark material, but something that you would consider to have
CjoyEVogt6u-00037-00030930-00031589 perhaps a very negative, harmful message.
CjoyEVogt6u-00038-00031589-00032513 But it also seems to be connected to all the other possible voices.
CjoyEVogt6u-00039-00032513-00033133 There could be all the other possible reasons for this voice.
CjoyEVogt6u-00040-00033133-00034284 What holds us back, besides an actual, reasonable concern that we should not say what we're
CjoyEVogt6u-00041-00034284-00034391 saying?
CjoyEVogt6u-00042-00034391-00035257 It's natural to be hesitant about revealing ourselves to the world.
CjoyEVogt6u-00043-00035257-00035740 If you just... like, think of that feeling when you just
CjoyEVogt6u-00044-00035740-00036052 get a camera in your face, microphone to your mouth.
CjoyEVogt6u-00045-00036052-00036191 Okay, you.
CjoyEVogt6u-00046-00036191-00036537 Express yourself, right now.
CjoyEVogt6u-00047-00036537-00036637 What's the hesitation?
CjoyEVogt6u-00048-00036637-00037381 There's a feeling of this is... the world is seeing me.
CjoyEVogt6u-00049-00037381-00037949 And actually, I can't speak to this particular situation of this listener.
CjoyEVogt6u-00050-00037949-00038840 I can only speak for myself, that there's a hesitation about being seen by the world.
CjoyEVogt6u-00051-00038840-00039183 It's like, whoa, they're going to judge me.
CjoyEVogt6u-00052-00039183-00039480 They're going to see me in a certain way.
CjoyEVogt6u-00053-00039480-00040356 Am I presenting myself in a good light, or am I making a fool out of myself, or a villain
CjoyEVogt6u-00054-00040356-00040519 out of myself?
CjoyEVogt6u-00055-00040519-00041653 Am I projecting a good image of who I am to the world, so that people will think well
CjoyEVogt6u-00056-00041653-00042146 of me, or at least not think poorly of me?
CjoyEVogt6u-00057-00042146-00042546 And it's a natural thought that we all have.
CjoyEVogt6u-00058-00042546-00043159 But, you know, when I express it like that, it does kind of come out as being, wow, that
CjoyEVogt6u-00059-00043159-00043444 is mostly unnecessary.
CjoyEVogt6u-00060-00043444-00043986 It seems like it is mostly unnecessary.
CjoyEVogt6u-00061-00043986-00045021 If I have something to say that I feel is important enough for me to say, and something
CjoyEVogt6u-00062-00045021-00046250 that I feel that some listeners can get value from, then I should not be so concerned about
CjoyEVogt6u-00063-00046250-00046738 how others will perceive me.
CjoyEVogt6u-00064-00046738-00047694 And in fact, becoming less concerned with how others perceive me is something that has
CjoyEVogt6u-00065-00047694-00049025 been greatly helpful for me in becoming more free, more able to make independent, strong
CjoyEVogt6u-00066-00049025-00050159 decisions, and do better work, the more I can be indifferent to others' opinions.
CjoyEVogt6u-00067-00050159-00050976 Doing things because I believe they're right, and then letting other people decide what
CjoyEVogt6u-00068-00050976-00051278 they think of me.
CjoyEVogt6u-00069-00051278-00053455 So this I hold as an ideal, that there should be no reason for me to hold back, in regards
CjoyEVogt6u-00070-00053455-00054145 to how people might react to it.
CjoyEVogt6u-00071-00054145-00055664 I simply try to create value, create something valuable, then release it to the world, and
CjoyEVogt6u-00072-00055664-00056170 then whatever happens, happens.
CjoyEVogt6u-00073-00056170-00056666 So this is, I believe, the ideal mindset.
CjoyEVogt6u-00074-00056666-00056996 But I'm certainly far from it.
CjoyEVogt6u-00075-00056996-00058098 Just over 50 videos in now, 50 days, and I'm still just barely getting used to this idea
CjoyEVogt6u-00076-00058098-00058889 of being public, even in the most limited way.
CjoyEVogt6u-00077-00058889-00059516 So I would be curious to hear any listener feedback about this.
CjoyEVogt6u-00078-00059516-00060914 What does it mean to make ourselves public in this way, and are there obligations that
CjoyEVogt6u-00079-00060914-00061248 come with that?
CjoyEVogt6u-00080-00061248-00062112 So those are my thoughts on the topic, and perhaps in the future, when I have more experience
CjoyEVogt6u-00081-00062112-00062600 with this, I can give a more definitive answer.
CjoyEVogt6u-00082-00062600-00063387 But as it is now, I'm still learning what this means, and my task for myself now is
CjoyEVogt6u-00083-00063387-00064616 to overcome this voice of self-censorship and be able to express all the best things
CjoyEVogt6u-00084-00064616-00064854 that I have to express.
Don9YoXdIPg-00000-00000478-00000859 this is the Trump breaking news network
Don9YoXdIPg-00001-00000859-00001090 here's what's happening Trump valves to
Don9YoXdIPg-00002-00001090-00001255 move from talk to action on day 1 by
Don9YoXdIPg-00003-00001255-00001554 scrapping TP cutting red tape i will
Don9YoXdIPg-00004-00001554-00001816 cancel job-killing restrictions by jack
Don9YoXdIPg-00005-00001816-00002056 davis president-elect Donald Trump on
Don9YoXdIPg-00006-00002056-00002224 monday said he will use the first day of
Don9YoXdIPg-00007-00002224-00002368 his administration to issue executive
Don9YoXdIPg-00008-00002368-00002542 orders that will put into place key
Don9YoXdIPg-00009-00002542-00002824 parts of his campaign proposals Trump in
Don9YoXdIPg-00010-00002824-00003004 a video released on YouTube said the
Don9YoXdIPg-00011-00003004-00003172 actions he plans to take will restore
Don9YoXdIPg-00012-00003172-00003418 our laws and bring back our jobs i am
Don9YoXdIPg-00013-00003418-00003577 going to issue our notification of
Don9YoXdIPg-00014-00003577-00003694 intent to withdraw from the
Don9YoXdIPg-00015-00003694-00003894 trans-pacific partnership a potential
Don9YoXdIPg-00016-00003894-00004083 disaster for our country Trump set
Don9YoXdIPg-00017-00004083-00004357 instead we will negotiate fair bilateral
Don9YoXdIPg-00018-00004357-00004548 trade deals that bring jobs and industry
Don9YoXdIPg-00019-00004548-00004794 back onto American shores trumpet
Don9YoXdIPg-00020-00004794-00005023 bountiful the u.s. out of TP which has
Don9YoXdIPg-00021-00005023-00005199 never been formally approved by Congress
Don9YoXdIPg-00022-00005199-00005473 president barack obama who saw the deal
Don9YoXdIPg-00023-00005473-00005680 as part of his legacy said Sunday it was
Don9YoXdIPg-00024-00005680-00005901 essential from a global perspective our
Don9YoXdIPg-00025-00005901-00006069 partners made clear they want to move
Don9YoXdIPg-00026-00006069-00006337 forward with TP Obama said while in Peru
Don9YoXdIPg-00027-00006337-00006592 Trump when the overwhelming support of
Don9YoXdIPg-00028-00006592-00006798 coal country voters on Election Day said
Don9YoXdIPg-00029-00006798-00006961 he will give the energy sector boost on
Don9YoXdIPg-00030-00006961-00007146 day one as well i will cancel
Don9YoXdIPg-00031-00007146-00007293 job-killing restrictions on the
Don9YoXdIPg-00032-00007293-00007482 production of American energy including
Don9YoXdIPg-00033-00007482-00007704 shale energy and clean coal creating
Don9YoXdIPg-00034-00007704-00007896 many millions of high-paying jobs he
Don9YoXdIPg-00035-00007896-00008175 said Trump campaigns not only against
Don9YoXdIPg-00036-00008175-00008353 illegal immigration but also against
Don9YoXdIPg-00037-00008353-00008599 programs such as the h-1b visa program
Don9YoXdIPg-00038-00008599-00008752 that allows Silicon Valley and other
Don9YoXdIPg-00039-00008752-00008911 employers to bring in highly skilled
Don9YoXdIPg-00040-00008911-00009090 workers from other countries said he
Don9YoXdIPg-00041-00009090-00009240 will direct the department of labor to
Don9YoXdIPg-00042-00009240-00009457 investigate all abuses of visa programs
Don9YoXdIPg-00043-00009457-00009592 that undercut the American worker
Don9YoXdIPg-00044-00009592-00009885 Senator Jeff Sessions Republican Alabama
Don9YoXdIPg-00045-00009885-00010110 slated to be Trump's Attorney General is
Don9YoXdIPg-00046-00010110-00010254 among those who have also called for the
Don9YoXdIPg-00047-00010254-00010572 h-1b program to be scrapped thousands of
Don9YoXdIPg-00048-00010572-00010785 us workers are being replaced by foreign
Don9YoXdIPg-00049-00010785-00011038 labor sessions has said the chairman of
Don9YoXdIPg-00050-00011038-00011175 the joint chiefs of staff will be
Don9YoXdIPg-00051-00011175-00011317 ordered on day one to develop a
Don9YoXdIPg-00052-00011317-00011517 comprehensive plan to protect America's
Don9YoXdIPg-00053-00011517-00011674 vital infrastructure from cyberattacks
Don9YoXdIPg-00054-00011674-00011938 and all other form of attacks Trump set
Don9YoXdIPg-00055-00011938-00012157 Trump reminded voters he has not
Don9YoXdIPg-00056-00012157-00012352 forgotten his promise to drain the swamp
Don9YoXdIPg-00057-00012352-00012589 in Washington we will impose a five-year
Don9YoXdIPg-00058-00012589-00012765 ban executive officials becoming
Don9YoXdIPg-00059-00012765-00012883 lobbyists after they leave the
Don9YoXdIPg-00060-00012883-00013069 administration and a lifetime ban
Don9YoXdIPg-00061-00013069-00013249 executive officials lobbying on behalf
Don9YoXdIPg-00062-00013249-00013393 of a foreign government
Don9YoXdIPg-00063-00013393-00013603 he said Trump also noted that the
Don9YoXdIPg-00064-00013603-00013736 invasive minutiae of God
Don9YoXdIPg-00065-00013736-00013972 and bureaucracy will also be targeted i
Don9YoXdIPg-00066-00013972-00014122 will formulate a rule which says that
Don9YoXdIPg-00067-00014122-00014324 for every one new regulation to old
Don9YoXdIPg-00068-00014324-00014531 regulations must be eliminated so
Don9YoXdIPg-00069-00014531-00014822 important he said what do you think
Don9YoXdIPg-00070-00014822-00015040 scroll down to comment below
Don9YoXdIPg-00071-00015040-00015279 this has been the Trump breaking news
Don9YoXdIPg-00072-00015279-00015490 network please subscribe and share to
Don9YoXdIPg-00073-00015490-00015681 stay up-to-date on the latest news about
Don9YoXdIPg-00074-00015681-00016962 our president to be informed
D2qMcD3_iXY-00000-00000022-00000222 Just made this cake yesterday
D2qMcD3_iXY-00001-00000459-00000708 and see how much of it is already gone?
D2qMcD3_iXY-00002-00000708-00000764 yea that's crazy!
D2qMcD3_iXY-00003-00001036-00001300 Make sure you cake is cooled completely
D2qMcD3_iXY-00004-00001300-00001464 before you try and take it out of the pan
D2qMcD3_iXY-00005-00001510-00001638 I've had many a cake
D2qMcD3_iXY-00006-00001722-00001938 just completely fall apart on me
D2qMcD3_iXY-00007-00001938-00002100 because I tried to take 'em out of the pan
D2qMcD3_iXY-00008-00002100-00002248 before they were completely cooled
D2qMcD3_iXY-00009-00002248-00002462 so make sure that they are on a cooling rack
D2qMcD3_iXY-00010-00002462-00002762 they're gonna stay there for at least 30 minutes
D2qMcD3_iXY-00011-00002762-00002982 Parchment paper is you best friend
D2qMcD3_iXY-00012-00002982-00003190 make sure when you're baking a layer cake
D2qMcD3_iXY-00013-00003402-00003722 you're going to make the outline of the sheet pan
D2qMcD3_iXY-00014-00003722-00003946 If you don't have parchment paper
D2qMcD3_iXY-00015-00003946-00004204 spray with some cooking oil and put in a little bit
D2qMcD3_iXY-00016-00004204-00004388 of flour and tap out the excess
D2qMcD3_iXY-00017-00004492-00004836 I've had so many times where the cake didn't come out
D2qMcD3_iXY-00018-00004996-00005196 of the pan and it was a disaster
D2qMcD3_iXY-00019-00005196-00005410 Make sure your cake is completely cooled
D2qMcD3_iXY-00020-00005410-00005502 before you ice it
D2qMcD3_iXY-00021-00005600-00005848 It will be runny and all over the place
D2qMcD3_iXY-00022-00006016-00006256 your icing will not stick to the cake
D2qMcD3_iXY-00023-00006256-00006408 and it will be a hot mess
D2qMcD3_iXY-00024-00006408-00006556 If you're doing multiple layers on a layer cake
D2qMcD3_iXY-00025-00006728-00006968 do each layer one at a time in the oven
D2qMcD3_iXY-00026-00007008-00007256 halfway through the cooking process
D2qMcD3_iXY-00027-00007340-00007572 flip it, rotate it about 90 degrees
D2qMcD3_iXY-00028-00007572-00007654 you'll thank me on this one
D2qMcD3_iXY-00029-00007654-00007852 That's how to avoid some of the most
D2qMcD3_iXY-00030-00007870-00008038 common baking disasters
D2qMcD3_iXY-00031-00008038-00008286 Make sure you leave me a comment below
D2qMcD3_iXY-00032-00008286-00008642 and I will be sure to help you with all of your baking disasters
D2qMcD3_iXY-00033-00008642-00008958 Cuz nobody wants that.. they just want to eat some cake right?
D3sXRCbzoKo-00000-00000032-00000462 After two months of waiting my special Japanese imported wires have arrived
D3sXRCbzoKo-00001-00000557-00001057 These are the Sunhayato TTW-200 and TTW-203 test wires
D3sXRCbzoKo-00002-00001070-00001880 What's special about them is their ends: These ends can inserted in to PCB through holes and make a strong electro-mechanical connection
D3sXRCbzoKo-00003-00001880-00002307 Let's have a closer look at the TTW-203 wire under a microscope
D3sXRCbzoKo-00004-00002357-00002565 On the left is the special connector
D3sXRCbzoKo-00005-00002607-00003010 It's shaped like a shovel that can be compressed to fit through tight spaces
D3sXRCbzoKo-00006-00003122-00003692 As a test I'll plug it in to some unpopulated serial holes on this Seeed Wio Lite board
D3sXRCbzoKo-00007-00003747-00004157 Under the microscope we can see how the connector works as I slowly push it in
D3sXRCbzoKo-00008-00004180-00004577 The shovel-like tip resists being pushed in until enough force is provided
D3sXRCbzoKo-00009-00004607-00005077 Once it's in the narrow body on the connector touches two sides of the plated through-hole
D3sXRCbzoKo-00010-00005077-00005555 The wide tip of the connector then blocks removal unless you provide enough force
D3sXRCbzoKo-00011-00005622-00006075 Let's look at the hole for damage. This will be easy because the board is filthy
D3sXRCbzoKo-00012-00006207-00006837 We can see that the connector has disrupted the grime in the hole, however it hasn't cut in to any of the plating
D3sXRCbzoKo-00013-00006897-00007377 While we're looking at the hole under the microscope let's try inserting the wire again
D3sXRCbzoKo-00014-00007400-00008012 From this angle it becomes clear that the connector is compressed and doesn't dig in to the surrounding plating
D3sXRCbzoKo-00015-00008022-00008627 Wiggling and moving the connector only compresses and decompresses the connector, it doesn't damage the board
D3sXRCbzoKo-00016-00008627-00009222 I bring this up because other solderless designs like press-fit headers will dig in to the surrounding plating
D3sXRCbzoKo-00017-00009222-00009667 This can damage the board if it's not designed to handle this type of connection
D3sXRCbzoKo-00018-00009667-00010170 This also means the Sunhayato wires will not work without through-hole plating
D3sXRCbzoKo-00019-00010170-00010627 Thankfully this seems to be rare on most modern boards but it's something to watch out for
D3sXRCbzoKo-00020-00010660-00011122 Looking at a used and unused connector I don't see any major wear
D3sXRCbzoKo-00021-00011360-00011797 Continuing the test I connected three TTW-203 wires
D3sXRCbzoKo-00022-00011797-00012115 These are PCB to male breadboard wires
D3sXRCbzoKo-00023-00012115-00012662 In my case I'll be connecting them on three adjacent holes: TX, RX and GND
D3sXRCbzoKo-00024-00012707-00012969 They fit next to each other without issue
D3sXRCbzoKo-00025-00013077-00013694 I connected them to my FTDI TTL-232R-3V3 USB to serial cable
D3sXRCbzoKo-00026-00013694-00014140 And it worked: I was able to get a correct serial read-out from the board
D3sXRCbzoKo-00027-00014240-00014810 Next I tested the continuity of the connector while wiggling and placing strain on the connection
D3sXRCbzoKo-00028-00014907-00015372 I found that it's able to handle being pulled in various horizontal directions just fine
D3sXRCbzoKo-00029-00015372-00015802 But it will disconnect if the connector is pulled up or away from the hole
D3sXRCbzoKo-00030-00015817-00016337 In practice this means that the connector can handle wires being bent or routed without any trouble
D3sXRCbzoKo-00031-00016435-00016915 I measured the wire's resistance using my TC1 component tester
D3sXRCbzoKo-00032-00016915-00017455 It's resistance is 0.04 ohms which is pretty good for a breadboard wire
D3sXRCbzoKo-00033-00017520-00018242 Using my NPS-1601 power supply I ran 1 then 3 amps directly through the wire without much trouble
D3sXRCbzoKo-00034-00018500-00019047 In inserted then removed a connector 100 times and found no visible or mechanical wear
D3sXRCbzoKo-00035-00019232-00019735 Next I attempted to insert the PCB connector in to a female hole on my breadboard
D3sXRCbzoKo-00036-00019782-00020652 I was tempted to do this because the wires come in packs of 10 and I currently don't have any use for my TTW-200 PCB to PCB connectors
D3sXRCbzoKo-00037-00020705-00021205 Unfortunately these connectors don't seem to be consistently held by the breadboard holes
D3sXRCbzoKo-00038-00021240-00021962 Even worse, inserting the connector may even be detrimental and loosen the breadboard hole's grip on future breadboard wires
D3sXRCbzoKo-00039-00022017-00022667 I don't have any hard evidence for this as after insertion both the good and loose breadboard hole look the same to me
D3sXRCbzoKo-00040-00022740-00023307 Even stranger inserting the PCB connector again works this time and makes a solid connection
D3sXRCbzoKo-00041-00023532-00024015 The connector I pushed in to the hole doesn't appear to be damaged from any of this
D3sXRCbzoKo-00042-00024112-00024590 Finally I forcefully bent the end of the connector using my tweezers
D3sXRCbzoKo-00043-00024590-00025382 In regular use this shouldn't happen unless you try really hard to move the connector itself horizontally while it's half inserted
D3sXRCbzoKo-00044-00025417-00025850 More likely this would happen if you stepped on the wires or crushed them somehow
D3sXRCbzoKo-00045-00025900-00026380 Even after that abuse the wires don't look too bad compared to working ones
D3sXRCbzoKo-00046-00026380-00026580 Maybe they could still be used?
D3sXRCbzoKo-00047-00026717-00027020 Overall I'm very excited about these wires
D3sXRCbzoKo-00048-00027020-00027557 They make it much easier for breadboarding components that would traditionally require soldering pin headers
D3sXRCbzoKo-00049-00027557-00028339 The only downside of these wires is that as of recording you can only buy these in Japan or by proxy using a service like ZenMarket
D3sXRCbzoKo-00050-00028339-00028855 I hope by producing this video it will encourage international distribution of this product
D3sXRCbzoKo-00051-00028855-00029360 That's all. I hope you all have a good day. Thanks for watching, goodbye
D3LObnnEvyE-00000-00000340-00000648 We are going to discuss global change, global climate
D3LObnnEvyE-00001-00000648-00001134 change, and the mechanics of global greenhouse gases and warming.
D3LObnnEvyE-00002-00001134-00001303 First of all, what is global change?
D3LObnnEvyE-00003-00001303-00001707 Global change is change that occurs in the chemical, biological,
D3LObnnEvyE-00004-00001707-00001952 and physical properties of the planet.
D3LObnnEvyE-00005-00001952-00002171 Global change is natural, and has been occurring
D3LObnnEvyE-00006-00002171-00002330 for hundreds of millions of years.
D3LObnnEvyE-00007-00002330-00002742 Planetary conditions such as temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations
D3LObnnEvyE-00008-00002742-00002896 are not static.
D3LObnnEvyE-00009-00002896-00003260 They definitely change without the influence of human beings.
D3LObnnEvyE-00010-00003260-00003765 For example, in the recent past-- that is, geologically speaking-- roughly 30%
D3LObnnEvyE-00011-00003765-00004010 of the Earth's surface was covered by ice.
D3LObnnEvyE-00012-00004010-00004477 This most recent glacial period ended roughly 12,000 years ago.
D3LObnnEvyE-00013-00004477-00004883 However, in the past century, there have been global changes of all sorts.
D3LObnnEvyE-00014-00004883-00005317 One prominent example is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
D3LObnnEvyE-00015-00005317-00005644 It is widely agreed-upon that human beings have significantly
D3LObnnEvyE-00016-00005644-00006074 impacted the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon
D3LObnnEvyE-00017-00006074-00006171 dioxide.
D3LObnnEvyE-00018-00006171-00006553 What is the effect of the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
D3LObnnEvyE-00019-00006553-00006653 gases?
D3LObnnEvyE-00020-00006653-00006922 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
D3LObnnEvyE-00021-00006922-00007247 IPCC, an international group of scientists
D3LObnnEvyE-00022-00007247-00007498 under the auspices of the United Nations,
D3LObnnEvyE-00023-00007498-00007901 state that the temperature on Earth has been warmer in recent decades,
D3LObnnEvyE-00024-00007901-00008258 and that humans are almost certainly the primary cause.
D3LObnnEvyE-00025-00008258-00008750 Here is exactly what they said in September 2013 in the working group
D3LObnnEvyE-00026-00008750-00008963 One Summary for policymakers.
D3LObnnEvyE-00027-00008963-00009405 Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s,
D3LObnnEvyE-00028-00009405-00009838 many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades
D3LObnnEvyE-00029-00009838-00010043 to millennia.
D3LObnnEvyE-00030-00010043-00010434 The atmosphere and the oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice
D3LObnnEvyE-00031-00010434-00010842 have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations
D3LObnnEvyE-00032-00010842-00011232 of greenhouse gases has increased.
D3LObnnEvyE-00033-00011232-00011556 In another passage, they wrote-- it is extremely likely
D3LObnnEvyE-00034-00011556-00011901 that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed
D3LObnnEvyE-00035-00011901-00012258 warming since the mid-20th century.
D3LObnnEvyE-00036-00012258-00012708 In the IPCC report, the authors have indicated that "extremely likely",
D3LObnnEvyE-00037-00012708-00013188 with quotes around it, means 95 to 100 percent certainty.
D3LObnnEvyE-00038-00013188-00013556 For scientists, that's a really high level of certainty.
D3LObnnEvyE-00039-00013556-00013946 Weather is a short-term description of temperature, winds and rainfall.
D3LObnnEvyE-00040-00014232-00014485 Climate is the average weather that occurs
D3LObnnEvyE-00041-00014485-00014697 in a given region over a longer time period.
D3LObnnEvyE-00042-00014950-00015216 Global climate change is a type of global change
D3LObnnEvyE-00043-00015216-00015586 that refers to changes in the climate of Earth.
D3LObnnEvyE-00044-00015586-00016044 Changes in climate can be categorized as natural or anthropogenic,
D3LObnnEvyE-00045-00016044-00016385 meaning caused by humans.
D3LObnnEvyE-00046-00016385-00016747 Global warming refers specifically to one aspect of climate
D3LObnnEvyE-00047-00016747-00017228 change-- the warming of oceans, land masses and the atmosphere of Earth
D3LObnnEvyE-00048-00017228-00017712 that takes place over longer time scales than the annual seasonal cycle of being
D3LObnnEvyE-00049-00017712-00018100 warmer and cooler or being dryer and wetter.
D3LObnnEvyE-00050-00018100-00018283 What is the source of this warming?
D3LObnnEvyE-00051-00018283-00018646 The ultimate source of almost all energy on Earth is the sun.
D3LObnnEvyE-00052-00018646-00018908 Incoming solar radiation consists primarily
D3LObnnEvyE-00053-00018908-00019185 of ultraviolet and visible light.
D3LObnnEvyE-00054-00019185-00019459 About 1/3 of this incoming solar radiation
D3LObnnEvyE-00055-00019459-00019772 is reflected from the atmosphere, from clouds
D3LObnnEvyE-00056-00019772-00020130 and from the surface of the planet back into space.
D3LObnnEvyE-00057-00020130-00020351 The remaining solar radiation is absorbed
D3LObnnEvyE-00058-00020351-00020729 by clouds, and by things on the surface of the planet.
D3LObnnEvyE-00059-00020729-00021182 Thus, the clouds and planet's surface are warmed in this process.
D3LObnnEvyE-00060-00021182-00021759 The Earth's surface emits the absorbed solar energy as infrared radiation.
D3LObnnEvyE-00061-00021759-00022193 Greenhouse gases surrounding the Earth absorb much of this radiation,
D3LObnnEvyE-00062-00022193-00022572 emitting the infrared radiation back to the Earth.
D3LObnnEvyE-00063-00022572-00022876 This is what we call the greenhouse effect.
D3LObnnEvyE-00064-00022876-00023357 Quantities and processes that change the absorption and radiation of energy
D3LObnnEvyE-00065-00023357-00023582 are drivers of climate change.
D3LObnnEvyE-00066-00023582-00023928 Radiative forcing is a term that quantifies the energy
D3LObnnEvyE-00067-00023928-00024171 flux to and from the Earth.
D3LObnnEvyE-00068-00024171-00024589 Positive radiative forcing means the Earth will get warmer.
D3LObnnEvyE-00069-00024589-00025029 Negative radiative forcing means the Earth will become cooler.
D3LObnnEvyE-00070-00025029-00025264 There's a known quantity of energy from the sun
D3LObnnEvyE-00071-00025264-00025495 that strikes the Earth each year.
D3LObnnEvyE-00072-00025495-00025901 The IPCC reports that radiative forcing is positive,
D3LObnnEvyE-00073-00025901-00026233 meaning that there has been a positive flux of energy to Earth,
D3LObnnEvyE-00074-00026233-00026479 and the Earth has been getting warmer.
D3LObnnEvyE-00075-00026479-00026827 The largest contributor to the positive radiative forcing
D3LObnnEvyE-00076-00026827-00027345 is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1750.
D3LObnnEvyE-00077-00027345-00027633 Earth now absorbs about two watts per meter
D3LObnnEvyE-00078-00027633-00027995 squared per year more than it did in 1750.
D3LObnnEvyE-00079-00027995-00028341 This means the greenhouse blanket of heat-trapping gases
D3LObnnEvyE-00080-00028341-00028682 is thicker than it used to be, hence the warming.
D3LObnnEvyE-00081-00028682-00029011 This may seem like a small net gain in energy,
D3LObnnEvyE-00082-00029011-00029377 but over the global earth system, over time,
D3LObnnEvyE-00083-00029377-00029643 this can add up to significant changes in temperature,
D3LObnnEvyE-00084-00029643-00029827 resulting in a warmer Earth.
D3LObnnEvyE-00085-00029827-00030151 And that is exactly what has been observed.
D3QT87cvMBE-00000-00000000-00000200 The airplane was about to landing.
D48OsrnDNuI-00000-00000014-00000516 hey guys this is a response video to Black Friday needs to quit her crap it
D48OsrnDNuI-00001-00000516-00000992 is also a kind of response to a video that sparked that video by fright
D48OsrnDNuI-00002-00000992-00001313 summers, if you haven't seen either of these two video,s I will link them down
D48OsrnDNuI-00003-00001313-00001655 below. it is quite controversial,so if you like
D48OsrnDNuI-00004-00001655-00002205 that kind of thing keep watching. i'm Avelina De Moray, welcome
D48OsrnDNuI-00005-00002205-00002561 back to my channe.l i'm gonna talk about some things today that i don't normally
D48OsrnDNuI-00006-00002561-00003147 speak about. My channel hasn't really delved into controversial topics before
D48OsrnDNuI-00007-00003147-00003704 I like to stay neutral, think of me as Switzerland! But when such nasty things
D48OsrnDNuI-00008-00003704-00004196 are being said about someone I actually know,  that didn't really sit well with me.
D48OsrnDNuI-00009-00004196-00004596 So hence I'm sitting down today to do this video for you. It might help
D48OsrnDNuI-00010-00004596-00004982 if you watch the aforementioned videos first, because then you will have a broader
D48OsrnDNuI-00011-00004982-00005228 understanding of what the fuck I'm talking about (lol).
D48OsrnDNuI-00012-00005228-00005703 So let's assume you have watched them and I will start with my opinion.  Let's
D48OsrnDNuI-00013-00005703-00006214 start with the video entitled "an ageing goth Black Friday needs to quit her crap"
D48OsrnDNuI-00014-00006214-00006906 clickbait much?  what a nasty little piece of work. His video would have been
D48OsrnDNuI-00015-00006906-00007401 hurtful if he had of known the person...... to speak like that, to someone that know
D48OsrnDNuI-00016-00007401-00007718 or about someone that you know, would have been really hurtful.
D48OsrnDNuI-00017-00007718-00008232 What is ridiculous about his video is that he doesn't know Black Friday he has
D48OsrnDNuI-00018-00008232-00008636 made a lot of accusations about this beautiful person and a lot of
D48OsrnDNuI-00019-00008636-00009231 it is just bullshit. And my response to you 'young man' is YOU are giving off a
D48OsrnDNuI-00020-00009231-00009761 bad name. it is your nasty attitude that is giving GOTH a bad name. Why you would even
D48OsrnDNuI-00021-00009761-00010322 sit down,  when you're in such a bad mood and un-medicated as you mentioned to make such a nasty
D48OsrnDNuI-00022-00010322-00010943 hateful video to me is UNGOTH. The goth subculture is not about hate, there's all
D48OsrnDNuI-00023-00010943-00011421 this talk about' community and supporting other goths' Goths come in all shapes
D48OsrnDNuI-00024-00011421-00011883 and forms. Some Goths have money, some goth don't have money, we don't hate on
D48OsrnDNuI-00025-00011883-00012236 the goths that do have money, we don't hate on the Goths that are successful.
D48OsrnDNuI-00026-00012236-00012711 But it seems that you do, my friend. And you need to have a deep hard look inside
D48OsrnDNuI-00027-00012711-00013103 yourself as a person and figure out why you hate Black Friday so much. and
D48OsrnDNuI-00028-00013103-00013544 honestly to me it came across this jealousy. in regards to everyone hating
D48OsrnDNuI-00029-00013544-00013878 and putting down on people that wear KILLSTAR, I personally love killstar
D48OsrnDNuI-00030-00013878-00014211 stuff kind of a fucking best brand I'm so glad
D48OsrnDNuI-00031-00014211-00014723 tequila star invented killstar. they have some of the best stuff out there
D48OsrnDNuI-00032-00014723-00015176 the lifestyle stuff is off the hook now they're doing bedding, they know their
D48OsrnDNuI-00033-00015176-00015656 audience and they're catering really well to our subculture. if you don't like
D48OsrnDNuI-00034-00015656-00016056 them don't buy them if you don't like a whole video the toxic tears or Black
D48OsrnDNuI-00035-00016056-00016545 Friday doesn't killstar, don't watch it It's very simple. Don't waste your time
D48OsrnDNuI-00036-00016545-00017040 and energy and make a hate video. How is that helping the world? the answer is it
D48OsrnDNuI-00037-00017040-00017357 isn't, it just makes us look bad!!! most of the Goths aren't like you in
D48OsrnDNuI-00038-00017357-00017691 our subculture and I've had the privilege of not meeting anyone quite
D48OsrnDNuI-00039-00017691-00018045 like you, and I hope that I never do. I like to surround myself with positive
D48OsrnDNuI-00040-00018045-00018482 people and that you are openly make insinuations and accusations on
D48OsrnDNuI-00041-00018482-00018872 someone's private relationship? a romantic relationship?
D48OsrnDNuI-00042-00018872-00019317 well that doesn't sit well with me at all!!  I actually know what happened I came
D48OsrnDNuI-00043-00019317-00019682 what you're saying cant be further from the truth. but am I going to publicly
D48OsrnDNuI-00044-00019682-00019998 make a video on it? No! because it's none of my fucking business and
D48OsrnDNuI-00045-00019998-00020370 it's none of yours either it's really and truly none of your business, because you
D48OsrnDNuI-00046-00020370-00020681 don't even know her.  You're not even in distance acquaintance
D48OsrnDNuI-00047-00020681-00021056 you need to make videos about things that make you happy and continue with
D48OsrnDNuI-00048-00021056-00021495 that or maybe your subscriber count will increase when you start doing that right
D48OsrnDNuI-00049-00021495-00021894 some has made an interesting video where she tallied up all of the items over of
D48OsrnDNuI-00050-00021894-00022143 course Black Friday and toxic tears were given
D48OsrnDNuI-00051-00022143-00022494 and that total came to seven thousand seven hundred and twenty dollars for the
D48OsrnDNuI-00052-00022494-00022926 items that were gifted to Black Friday her video was entertaining but I found
D48OsrnDNuI-00053-00022926-00023322 it a little misdirected and uncompassionate it was very one-sided in
D48OsrnDNuI-00054-00023322-00023709 the way that it just focused on the monetary value of the things that Black
D48OsrnDNuI-00055-00023709-00024117 Friday was given and has a really focused on what was involved for Black
D48OsrnDNuI-00056-00024117-00024480 Friday to do in order to receive these things and that's what I want to speak
D48OsrnDNuI-00057-00024480-00024813 about a little bit I think that once you hear my point of view you will say hey
D48OsrnDNuI-00058-00024813-00025284 you know what that actually seems fair it actually might be a little unfair
D48OsrnDNuI-00059-00025284-00025731 what's being buzzing about and coming up in conversations recently with me on
D48OsrnDNuI-00060-00025731-00026112 Instagram and Facebook when I talk to my followers and things like that is the
D48OsrnDNuI-00061-00026112-00026802 goth scene being soo expensive and I'm not going to go into that at all I
D48OsrnDNuI-00062-00026802-00027219 honestly don't think it's elitism I think it's jealousy it's human nature to
D48OsrnDNuI-00063-00027219-00027663 be jealous of someone else that has more things than you but how you grow as a
D48OsrnDNuI-00064-00027663-00028239 human being and become a nicer person is to accept the way you are in life and if
D48OsrnDNuI-00065-00028239-00028605 you don't like it try to make changes get a better education we didn't just
D48OsrnDNuI-00066-00028605-00028956 put shit on other people that are in better situations that house that's not
D48OsrnDNuI-00067-00028956-00029331 cool I always putting shit on someone that might be more well off than you
D48OsrnDNuI-00068-00029331-00029708 going to make your life better it's not but you know what negativity and hate
D48OsrnDNuI-00069-00029708-00030054 are addictive that's why there's so many hate videos out there that's why the
D48OsrnDNuI-00070-00030054-00030545 world hates hate hate look what happened with Kat Von D recently hey fucking hate
D48OsrnDNuI-00071-00030545-00030930 let's forget about all the the great work she's doing with animals and all
D48OsrnDNuI-00072-00030930-00031401 the money she donates to great causes and the positive role models for young
D48OsrnDNuI-00073-00031401-00031722 women let's just completely fucking abandon and forget about all of that
D48OsrnDNuI-00074-00031722-00032136 because of lunch rush she made that really has nothing to fucking do with us
D48OsrnDNuI-00075-00032136-00032472 it's about her family and at least fucking private I was really
D48OsrnDNuI-00076-00032472-00032925 quite disappointed in some friends with him just completely disassociated
D48OsrnDNuI-00077-00032925-00033321 themselves with her like what we're not even allowed to make mistakes anymore
D48OsrnDNuI-00078-00033321-00033749 and like what if it's not a mistake what if Kat knows this secret knowledge
D48OsrnDNuI-00079-00033749-00034131 that we don't yet know because honestly I didn't research that my sons have been
D48OsrnDNuI-00080-00034131-00034623 vaccinated did our research what was in it no was they told by society that it
D48OsrnDNuI-00081-00034623-00035109 was the right thing to do yes did I do it yes did I really really look into
D48OsrnDNuI-00082-00035109-00035616 what was being put in my child look and if you're really researched what's being
D48OsrnDNuI-00083-00035616-00035949 given apart from being told by the masses that it's the right thing to do
D48OsrnDNuI-00084-00035949-00036375 just for a second let's think just for a second hypothesize who went hurt you I
D48OsrnDNuI-00085-00036375-00036708 promise what she's bright I'm not saying she is
D48OsrnDNuI-00086-00036708-00037163 and I give my children are vaccinated but what if she did a lot of research
D48OsrnDNuI-00087-00037163-00037653 hypothetically and she hypothetically found that there was some hypothetical
D48OsrnDNuI-00088-00037653-00038193 thing that might hypothetically harm her child that it's completely fucking
D48OsrnDNuI-00089-00038193-00038796 possible maybe in ten years time it will come out can't use some shit cuz she
D48OsrnDNuI-00090-00038796-00039072 researched some shit maybe she's totally wrong maybe your
D48OsrnDNuI-00091-00039072-00039501 child would get polio and fucking die that would be a fucking terrible thing
D48OsrnDNuI-00092-00039501-00039879 to happen but you know what that is on her that was her decision and I'm
D48OsrnDNuI-00093-00039879-00040236 getting a little off track here but my point is it's her decision it's none of
D48OsrnDNuI-00094-00040236-00040626 our fucking business do we need to hate her and have a fucking associate
D48OsrnDNuI-00095-00040626-00040989 ourselves with anything that she ever does again not her you fucking stupid
D48OsrnDNuI-00096-00040989-00041490 why are we so unforgiving why we're human we're not fucking robots where is
D48OsrnDNuI-00097-00041490-00042048 the empathy being a mother is hard because your mother is even hotter why
D48OsrnDNuI-00098-00042048-00042513 can't we have some fucking sympathy for she's going through what we need to hate
D48OsrnDNuI-00099-00042513-00043026 so much my world is not dominated by hate or jealousy that's why I don't tend
D48OsrnDNuI-00100-00043026-00043428 to do these videos on my channel that went so much bullshit is being said
D48OsrnDNuI-00101-00043428-00043746 someone that I actually know and I had to speak up so this is going to be a
D48OsrnDNuI-00102-00043746-00044080 little bit ratty I think I'm jumping from column a to be but we'll come back
D48OsrnDNuI-00103-00044080-00044493 to a and it will make sense so I briefly explained that frights on this video
D48OsrnDNuI-00104-00044493-00044946 accumulated the worth of goods that Black Friday was give him and that total
D48OsrnDNuI-00105-00044946-00045324 came to seven thousand something dollars honestly when I heard that title I was
D48OsrnDNuI-00106-00045324-00045643 like Thomas at all when she was like oh my god that's a lot of fucking money I
D48OsrnDNuI-00107-00045643-00046053 can drop a thousand dollars and kill start easily I don't own a single credit
D48OsrnDNuI-00108-00046053-00046558 card whatever I spend is my own money does that make me more or less goth do I
D48OsrnDNuI-00109-00046558-00046983 have to be poor to be goth what happens if I well up can i still be goth so many
D48OsrnDNuI-00110-00046983-00047409 fucking questions my head is exploding so I want to do a little breakdown for
D48OsrnDNuI-00111-00047409-00047769 you on the other side of the fence so we've had bright summers opinion which
D48OsrnDNuI-00112-00047769-00048027 was it's completely outrageous it's so much money
D48OsrnDNuI-00113-00048027-00048768 it's entitled this is normal she is a goth youtuber it's not normal she's very
D48OsrnDNuI-00114-00048768-00049233 successful she has what six hundred thousand subscribers that is not normal
D48OsrnDNuI-00115-00049233-00049665 she is up here she's like a modern-day rock star any youtuber with over 500
D48OsrnDNuI-00116-00049665-00050115 thousand subscribers is not living in the normal life it's not a normal job
D48OsrnDNuI-00117-00050115-00050526 you sit in front of a camera filming yourself that is that is not normal so
D48OsrnDNuI-00118-00050526-00050883 probably gonna make you quite fucking insane and these people are like rock
D48OsrnDNuI-00119-00050883-00051228 stars and when you look at rock stars they get endorsements from Guitar brands
D48OsrnDNuI-00120-00051228-00051613 like Gibson and things like that and they have to use that guitar on tour and
D48OsrnDNuI-00121-00051613-00051981 all photographs product placement it's been around forever it's not like this
D48OsrnDNuI-00122-00051981-00052617 new thing it's always been there youtuber is relatively new and companies
D48OsrnDNuI-00123-00052617-00053086 have realized that this is a good way to pay a promotion with someone that is
D48OsrnDNuI-00124-00053086-00053445 high up in the hierarchy of the gothic community there's nothing wrong with
D48OsrnDNuI-00125-00053445-00053670 that I love Black Friday's whole videos I
D48OsrnDNuI-00126-00053670-00054100 love Jay the Libra skills to haul videos and Dolls kill the whole videos I watch
D48OsrnDNuI-00127-00054100-00054477 them all the time there's nothing wrong with liking pretty things for yourself
D48OsrnDNuI-00128-00054477-00054847 there's also nothing wrong with printing if that's where you're at and that's
D48OsrnDNuI-00129-00054847-00055284 what you want to do that's fine too you should put down people that can
D48OsrnDNuI-00130-00055284-00055686 afford to buy nice things for themselves it's it's just jealousy it all comes
D48OsrnDNuI-00131-00055686-00056061 back to jealousy frytss thomas said that over the course of the year Black Friday
D48OsrnDNuI-00132-00056061-00056448 814 whole videos that's roughly one a month I think
D48OsrnDNuI-00133-00056448-00057009 that's nicely spaced don't you one poor video or month it's good in between all
D48OsrnDNuI-00134-00057009-00057404 the other spooky content that she releases have a think about this for a
D48OsrnDNuI-00135-00057404-00057738 second fourteen videos seven thousand dollars in merchandise
D48OsrnDNuI-00136-00057738-00058254 not cash let's divide that by fourteen videos you get about $550
D48OsrnDNuI-00137-00058254-00058728 why don't even $50 doesn't seem that much to me let's have a think about what
D48OsrnDNuI-00138-00058728-00059516 goes into making a YouTube video you just get ready and go to work wherever
D48OsrnDNuI-00139-00059516-00059901 you're working part of that Friday's drop and many other youtubers Jones is
D48OsrnDNuI-00140-00059901-00060294 to look a certain way before we go on camera that is part of what attracts our
D48OsrnDNuI-00141-00060294-00060690 audience so we need to include that so I don't know how to get ready the actual
D48OsrnDNuI-00142-00060690-00061079 filming of the video let's say it's a kill start trying on video they take
D48OsrnDNuI-00143-00061079-00061367 longer to film because you're going to talk about the item and then you've got
D48OsrnDNuI-00144-00061367-00061746 to try it on you better like maybe trying 10 outfits it's crazy it can take
D48OsrnDNuI-00145-00061746-00062160 a few hours so let's say three hours for that so now we're already at about five
D48OsrnDNuI-00146-00062160-00062565 hours and then editing they could easily take me through whole hours sometimes
D48OsrnDNuI-00147-00062565-00062973 five hours if it's a long video so let's say ten hours work goes into each video
D48OsrnDNuI-00148-00062973-00063351 her video she receives five hundred and fifty dollars worth of merchandise and
D48OsrnDNuI-00149-00063351-00063687 you divide that by ten hours that's fifty dollars do you think fifty dollars
D48OsrnDNuI-00150-00063687-00064055 an hour or one of the biggest youtubers in our subculture is completely
D48OsrnDNuI-00151-00064055-00064539 reasonable now think about this she's being paid in merchandise is merchandise
D48OsrnDNuI-00152-00064539-00064914 going to put food on the table no is it going to pay our electricity
D48OsrnDNuI-00153-00064914-00065409 bill or rent no so can she be in this privileged position but still have
D48OsrnDNuI-00154-00065409-00065829 monetary issues absolutely you know YouTube has cut down the amount of
D48OsrnDNuI-00155-00065829-00066192 they're giving their youtubers so I would do the same thing not mention that
D48OsrnDNuI-00156-00066192-00066441 things were sponsored to try to get a little bit of money from YouTube
D48OsrnDNuI-00157-00066441-00066707 otherwise you know I'm going to say at some point it's not worth doing it
D48OsrnDNuI-00158-00066707-00067122 because this was my job I was getting paid but now I'm not imagine if you are
D48OsrnDNuI-00159-00067122-00067544 at your job and you work nine to five forty hours a week and then your boss
D48OsrnDNuI-00160-00067544-00067850 came along and said hey you need to do the same thing but we're not only gonna
D48OsrnDNuI-00161-00067850-00068163 pay you a quarter of what you did you know what you would say good say hey
D48OsrnDNuI-00162-00068163-00068430 fuck you I quit but these youtubers are still making
D48OsrnDNuI-00163-00068430-00068777 this content for you we're getting paid minimally and now they're having to look
D48OsrnDNuI-00164-00068777-00069285 at giving alternative or properly normal jobs because they can't live of just
D48OsrnDNuI-00165-00069285-00069831 being a missionary and then when I see these hate videos it just doesn't sit
D48OsrnDNuI-00166-00069831-00070266 well with me we need less mate and more love I understand why practice some has
D48OsrnDNuI-00167-00070266-00070638 made that video but I also think it was very one-sided it she needs to think on
D48OsrnDNuI-00168-00070638-00070938 the other side of the fence what actually is involved in getting all of
D48OsrnDNuI-00169-00070938-00071343 that I also realized that Black Friday is a fucking YouTube rockstar she is
D48OsrnDNuI-00170-00071343-00071750 gonna get things that we're not entitled to and that's okay and if young gods
D48OsrnDNuI-00171-00071750-00072138 watching her of all videos are like oh I can't afford all this stuff firstly if
D48OsrnDNuI-00172-00072138-00072569 they're thinking of buying everything that Freya is showing in one more video
D48OsrnDNuI-00173-00072569-00073151 you might have a shopping addiction okay because she might show 15 items any sane
D48OsrnDNuI-00174-00073151-00073532 person he's not going to go to the killer website and buy every single item
D48OsrnDNuI-00175-00073532-00073883 if you do you probably need to see a counselor to get some help because not
D48OsrnDNuI-00176-00073883-00074292 all I shop a lot but I've never done that I never watch someone's haul and
D48OsrnDNuI-00177-00074292-00074787 bought every single item we are all individual I will watch the whole video
D48OsrnDNuI-00178-00074787-00075216 and then I might find one item that I love or two items at most and then I
D48OsrnDNuI-00179-00075216-00075612 might buy it in the future but I have a brain and I can think for myself it's
D48OsrnDNuI-00180-00075612-00076094 really stupid of other people in a subculture to think that prayer is
D48OsrnDNuI-00181-00076094-00076520 damaging young people because they're going to feel like they need to buy all
D48OsrnDNuI-00182-00076520-00076956 of this stuff prayer isn't saying buy all of this she's saying hey this stuff
D48OsrnDNuI-00183-00076956-00077325 is really cool I like it I think you might like it too it's obvious that the
D48OsrnDNuI-00184-00077325-00077742 next step is for you to use your brain and figure out if you like it and then
D48OsrnDNuI-00185-00077742-00078130 if you can afford it possibly buy one or two items yourself it's not a cream
D48OsrnDNuI-00186-00078130-00078508 to buy everything that's just fucking stupid young golfers don't have money
D48OsrnDNuI-00187-00078508-00078844 you know what get a job I started working when I was 14
D48OsrnDNuI-00188-00078844-00079255 I've always earned money I would work at the Cheesecake shop that was my first
D48OsrnDNuI-00189-00079255-00079602 job I loved it because I get to create the chocolate and whip the cream and
D48OsrnDNuI-00190-00079602-00079945 half of it went missing cause it was in my belly that I've always been working
D48OsrnDNuI-00191-00079945-00080362 I've understood that money doesn't grow on trees and if you want to buy things
D48OsrnDNuI-00192-00080362-00080751 for yourself you need to earn money so if you don't have a job go out and get
D48OsrnDNuI-00193-00080751-00081118 one if you can't afford kill stuff then have a look at what you're spending
D48OsrnDNuI-00194-00081118-00081460 money on do you smoke do you drink I don't do either of those things I've
D48OsrnDNuI-00195-00081460-00081801 always been smart with my money I don't have any credit cards and if I buy
D48OsrnDNuI-00196-00081801-00082089 something it's because the money is there and I can afford to do it and
D48OsrnDNuI-00197-00082089-00082462 encourage you to do the same you know don't hate on other people that already
D48OsrnDNuI-00198-00082462-00082831 have these things that you might want and if you don't want them then watch
D48OsrnDNuI-00199-00082831-00083194 the video if you don't like black Fridays whole videos unsubscribe you
D48OsrnDNuI-00200-00083194-00083575 don't have to make a hate video what is wrong with the world I'm going to end
D48OsrnDNuI-00201-00083575-00083956 this video by saying that I will have a dolls kill video on my channel very
D48OsrnDNuI-00202-00083956-00084475 shortly a hole oh my god i'm subscribe if you don't want to say that and my
D48OsrnDNuI-00203-00084475-00084949 massive Sephora haul i spent two thousand dollars of my own money that i
D48OsrnDNuI-00204-00084949-00085387 aren't working really hard at sephora was i have a three trips oh it's not
D48OsrnDNuI-00205-00085387-00085768 that bad so if you don't like they start with things that's fine you can
D48OsrnDNuI-00206-00085768-00086154 unsubscribe from my channel i had a person recently on instagram message me
D48OsrnDNuI-00207-00086154-00086593 when I mentioned that I was going to do my upcoming dolls kill haul and they
D48OsrnDNuI-00208-00086593-00086941 said oh are you sure you want to do that considering all the controversy that's
D48OsrnDNuI-00209-00086941-00087463 going on and they've got a subculture mine alone I was like fuck I'm gonna put
D48OsrnDNuI-00210-00087463-00087844 what the fuck I want I mention that and continue to do so because it's my
D48OsrnDNuI-00211-00087844-00088174 fucking channel and like I said there is a time subscribe button if you don't
D48OsrnDNuI-00212-00088174-00088639 like it please don't make hate videos find channels that you do like find
D48OsrnDNuI-00213-00088639-00089193 people that are into the same thing as Jared be it music clothing hairstyles
D48OsrnDNuI-00214-00089193-00089727 hoarding thrifting di wine whatever the fuck it is but do it in a positive
D48OsrnDNuI-00215-00089727-00090193 manner I hope you've enjoyed this rant I talk video please subscribe comment down
D48OsrnDNuI-00216-00090193-00090473 below let me know what your thoughts are did you enjoy the other people's
D48OsrnDNuI-00217-00090473-00090806 videos do you agree or disagree with what I'm saying let me know I'd love to
D48OsrnDNuI-00218-00090806-00091135 hear I'll see you in the next video
D8uTTngRt-I-00000-00000003-00000488 so form just quickly make a video on how to set a static IP address on a
D8uTTngRt-I-00001-00000488-00001098 Raspberry Pi running raspbian so this is running stretch or stretch light and I
D8uTTngRt-I-00002-00001098-00001818 have enabled on the console SSH as a service so we can ping it from across
D8uTTngRt-I-00003-00001818-00002541 the network 192.168.0.250 this has been assigned by  DHCP and I want to change that to
D8uTTngRt-I-00004-00002541-00003389 a static IP address of 11 on this little LAN thing I've got going so SSH I'm on
D8uTTngRt-I-00005-00003389-00004584 a Windows box obviously at the moment so SSH 192 168 0 250 pi is my user name
D8uTTngRt-I-00006-00004584-00005237 because it's the default PI in raspberry gonna have to accept this if we want to
D8uTTngRt-I-00007-00005237-00006360 connect but is it good. password is raspberry.  going to clear and we're good so to
D8uTTngRt-I-00008-00006360-00006818 change the IP address to static we need to edit a specific file and that file
D8uTTngRt-I-00009-00006818-00007497 has recently changed so on  debian, ubuntu raspbian it's now the DHCPCD
D8uTTngRt-I-00010-00007497-00008061 file and so i'm gonna sudo, nano  is my text editor of choice and we
D8uTTngRt-I-00011-00008061-00009482 can go /etc/ and then it's dhcpcd.conf and in here we have our settings so down the bottom we
D8uTTngRt-I-00012-00009482-00010563 should have yep so this one here interface eth0 that's the LAN cable
D8uTTngRt-I-00013-00010563-00011379 that's the physical wired network so we can change this to static. I dont really care about 6
D8uTTngRt-I-00014-00011379-00012336 on this network and so we'll set the IP address .11 we will change
D8uTTngRt-I-00015-00012336-00013415 the router - the  router is correct and dns is fine,  will remove the v6 dns though
D8uTTngRt-I-00016-00013463-00014011 I'm not too worried about the wireless LAN so that's fine we'll write this
D8uTTngRt-I-00017-00014011-00014391 file out so that would ctrl+o and then we'll close that and then we'll
D8uTTngRt-I-00018-00014391-00015199 just do a reboot. there are other ways of forcing the network basically you have to
D8uTTngRt-I-00019-00015199-00015571 restart one of the network services and I just trying to reboot is a lot
D8uTTngRt-I-00020-00015571-00016108 easier -  so we'll ping this IP address they should now come back up on
D8uTTngRt-I-00021-00016108-00016894 you add dash T in Windows it'll carry on pinging until you tell it to stop. there we
D8uTTngRt-I-00022-00016894-00017440 go looks like it's back up. so now we'll  SSH back in and we'll have to go to eleven
D8uTTngRt-I-00023-00017440-00018088 instead, it should give us an error message which is what it should do. so I'm pretty
D8uTTngRt-I-00024-00018088-00018367 comfortable that that is now on the new address so.
D8uTTngRt-I-00025-00018367-00018476 thanks for watching.
D8uTTngRt-I-00026-00018476-00018762 I hope this helps
Dz1BAOuPIXQ-00000-00000000-00000200 Hi Guys Today I am Grinding In Blox Fruit!
DCEjnQEtmYu-00000-00000000-00000306 Welcome back to campus.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00001-00000306-00000405 I'm Michael Barr.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00002-00000405-00000556 I'm the Joan and Stanford Weil dean of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00003-00000556-00000812 Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00004-00000812-00000969 at the University of Michigan.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00005-00000969-00001203 I’m delighted to welcome you to all of this,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00006-00001203-00001444 the first event of a series of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00007-00001444-00001622 distinguished speakers to mark the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00008-00001622-00001891 launch Weiser Diplomacy Center.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00009-00001891-00002210 I want to start by thanking regent Ron
DCEjnQEtmYu-00010-00002210-00002422 Weiser and Mrs. Eileen Weiser who are
DCEjnQEtmYu-00011-00002422-00002676 with us right here today for their generous
DCEjnQEtmYu-00012-00002676-00002913 Donation to establish the Weiser
DCEjnQEtmYu-00013-00002913-00003053 Diplomacy Center.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00014-00003053-00003164 Ron was U.S.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00015-00003164-00003295 Ambassador to Slovakia and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00016-00003295-00003465 Eileen served alongside him in their
DCEjnQEtmYu-00017-00003465-00003757 time, and they are both passionately
DCEjnQEtmYu-00018-00003757-00003988 committed to the importance of diplomacy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00019-00003988-00004176 and to the men and women to serve our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00020-00004176-00004276 country abroad.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00021-00004276-00004511 They are wonderful friends, and we are
DCEjnQEtmYu-00022-00004511-00004719 grateful for their strong support of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00023-00004719-00004983 Ford School and the University of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00024-00004983-00005096 Michigan more broadly.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00025-00005096-00005326 So let me begin, please let me ask you
DCEjnQEtmYu-00026-00005326-00005841 to join me in thanking Ron and Eileen
DCEjnQEtmYu-00027-00005841-00006013 Weiser.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00028-00006013-00006184 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00029-00006184-00006617 This Weiss diplomacy center serves as
DCEjnQEtmYu-00030-00006617-00006834 a unique hub for academic and practical
DCEjnQEtmYu-00031-00006834-00007084 training and policy dialogue, preparing
DCEjnQEtmYu-00032-00007084-00007273 our students to become the nation's next
DCEjnQEtmYu-00033-00007273-00007524 foreign policy leaders, diplomats and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00034-00007524-00007759 experts in foreign affairs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00035-00007759-00007959 As a meeting point for practitioners,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00036-00007959-00008123 men and women whose careers span the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00037-00008123-00008435 apex of important policy and academics,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00038-00008435-00008643 the WDC provides a bridge between
DCEjnQEtmYu-00039-00008643-00008799 University of Michigan and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00040-00008799-00008992 foreign policy community.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00041-00008992-00009246 With Ron and Eileen's help, the WDC can
DCEjnQEtmYu-00042-00009246-00009468 become the country's leading institutions
DCEjnQEtmYu-00043-00009468-00009695 for International affairs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00044-00009695-00010056 The previously the mission of the WDC has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00045-00010056-00010160 three parts.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00046-00010160-00010357 First, hands-on practical training and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00047-00010357-00010539 mentor ship for rising foreign policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00048-00010539-00010828 professionals who have access to, Sr.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00049-00010828-00011056 diplomats serving as professor of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00050-00011056-00011232 international diplomacy and visiting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00051-00011232-00011514 professors here at the Ford school.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00052-00011514-00011713 Second, oversee study and policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00053-00011713-00011911 engagement with internships and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00054-00011911-00012095 engagement opportunities that span the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00055-00012095-00012195 globe.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00056-00012195-00012397 This summer students went to the forgs
DCEjnQEtmYu-00057-00012397-00012572 an international migration in Jenn eve,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00058-00012572-00012828 a the Asia.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00059-00012828-00013031 The U.S. embassy in Bogota and a leaned
DCEjnQEtmYu-00060-00013031-00013268 development organization in India,elingy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00061-00013268-00013573 with the DWDC also funds shorter student
DCEjnQEtmYu-00062-00013573-00013784 initiatives over spring break for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00063-00013784-00013975 example last year four students went to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00064-00013975-00014184 Guatemala to work with a leaned human
DCEjnQEtmYu-00065-00014184-00014772 rights group on forensic anthropology.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00066-00014772-00015056 community on a wide ray of topics Frank
DCEjnQEtmYu-00067-00015056-00015237 peace and security to development
DCEjnQEtmYu-00068-00015237-00015368 document to humility rights and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00069-00015368-00015468 environment.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00070-00015468-00015757 This line-up this fall exposes our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00071-00015757-00015972 students tie breadth of experience and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00072-00015972-00016254 policy perspective including today's
DCEjnQEtmYu-00073-00016254-00016520 speaker Steve Biegun as well as Steve
DCEjnQEtmYu-00074-00016520-00016819 hadley, Samantha power, Condoleezza Rice
DCEjnQEtmYu-00075-00016819-00016996 and Hillary Rodham Clinton.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00076-00016996-00017212 As well as leading former ambassadors
DCEjnQEtmYu-00077-00017212-00017609 from many eras and countries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00078-00017609-00017745 You will note that this launch series
DCEjnQEtmYu-00079-00017745-00017963 also supports our conversations across
DCEjnQEtmYu-00080-00017963-00018108 difference initiative.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00081-00018108-00018306 As you well know, these are challenging
DCEjnQEtmYu-00082-00018306-00018526 times in our nation with fractious
DCEjnQEtmYu-00083-00018526-00018696 political discourse, gridlock and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00084-00018696-00018915 partisanship and be an increasing lack
DCEjnQEtmYu-00085-00018915-00019148 of trust in institutions everywhere.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00086-00019148-00019448 It is in moments like this when the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00087-00019448-00019772 craft of diplomacy is even more
DCEjnQEtmYu-00088-00019772-00019954 essential, and when talking and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00089-00019954-00020168 listening across political and other
DCEjnQEtmYu-00090-00020168-00020394 differences is really essential.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00091-00020394-00020715 We are thus honored to bring to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00092-00020715-00021001 campus a wealth of expertise this fall
DCEjnQEtmYu-00093-00021001-00021192 and we could not be more delighted to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00094-00021192-00021373 begin with the insights of today's
DCEjnQEtmYu-00095-00021373-00021640 speaker U.S. special representative for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00096-00021640-00021854 North Korea, Stephen Biegun.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00097-00021854-00022134 I'm going to turn over the podium now to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00098-00022134-00022364 faculty director of Weirs diplomacy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00099-00022364-00022703 center Ford school faculty member John
DCEjnQEtmYu-00100-00022703-00023399 who will introduce our speaker.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00101-00023399-00023565 John.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00102-00023565-00023729 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00103-00023729-00023870 Thank you, Michael, and welcome to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00104-00023870-00023970 all of you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00105-00023970-00024167 It's very much my honor to introduce
DCEjnQEtmYu-00106-00024167-00024303 Steve Biegun.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00107-00024303-00024518 He's a Michigan man and he embodies
DCEjnQEtmYu-00108-00024518-00024748 leader qualities and the commitment to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00109-00024748-00024925 serve that we aim to foster at the new
DCEjnQEtmYu-00110-00024925-00025132 Weiser diplomacy center.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00111-00025132-00025331 Since his undergraduate studs here atum
DCEjnQEtmYu-00112-00025331-00025531 in Russian and political science he's
DCEjnQEtmYu-00113-00025531-00025675 pane a leader in the practice of a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00114-00025675-00025873 attorney affairs through several
DCEjnQEtmYu-00115-00025873-00026076 different channels on Capitol Hill,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00116-00026076-00026308 through the executive branch and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00117-00026308-00026564 business in the non-profit sector.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00118-00026564-00026745 Shortly after the cold war at a critical
DCEjnQEtmYu-00119-00026745-00026904 junk commuter in Russia he what is the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00120-00026904-00027097 In country director in Moscow for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00121-00027097-00027347 International Republican Institute, a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00122-00027347-00027477 leading non-profit organization
DCEjnQEtmYu-00123-00027477-00027681 promoting freedom and democracy abroad.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00124-00027681-00027877 He has held senior positions in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00125-00027877-00028163 house foreign relations committees as
DCEjnQEtmYu-00126-00028163-00028356 well as been chief of staff to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00127-00028356-00028497 Senate foreign relations committee and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00128-00028497-00028770 national security adviser to former
DCEjnQEtmYu-00129-00028770-00028962 Senate majority leader Bill Frist.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00130-00028962-00029094 In those capacities he's worked on a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00131-00029094-00029305 wide array of issues including the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00132-00029305-00029512 foreign aid budget, trade agreements
DCEjnQEtmYu-00133-00029512-00029726 with various partners, defense,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00134-00029726-00030024 intelligence, European affairs and more.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00135-00030024-00030199 During the George W. Bush administration
DCEjnQEtmYu-00136-00030199-00030422 he served as executive secretary at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00137-00030422-00030619 national security council.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00138-00030619-00030805 This is essentially the NF treatment
DCEjnQEtmYu-00139-00030805-00031033 chief operating soar ppts it's a crucial
DCEjnQEtmYu-00140-00031033-00031350 roll in creating policies and effective
DCEjnQEtmYu-00141-00031350-00031653 interagency process, exactly the kind of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00142-00031653-00031881 of practical foreign policy knowledge
DCEjnQEtmYu-00143-00031881-00032031 that we're trying to cultivate and that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00144-00032031-00032177 our students are learning in the Ford
DCEjnQEtmYu-00145-00032177-00032437 school's new course on the NFC this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00146-00032437-00032537 term.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00147-00032537-00032750 Steve Biegun has extensive
DCEjnQEtmYu-00148-00032750-00032931 leadership experience in the private
DCEjnQEtmYu-00149-00032931-00033218 center having sender as a VP at
DCEjnQEtmYu-00150-00033218-00033474 international affairs at Ford Motor
DCEjnQEtmYu-00151-00033474-00033771 Company overseeing Ford's interanswers
DCEjnQEtmYu-00152-00033771-00033898 around the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00153-00033898-00034212 He returned to government I year ago as
DCEjnQEtmYu-00154-00034212-00034408 U.S. special representative for North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00155-00034408-00034886 Korea, ab pointed shortly after the June 2018 Singapore summit between
DCEjnQEtmYu-00156-00034886-00035046 President Trump and North Korean leader
DCEjnQEtmYu-00157-00035046-00035203 Kim Jong-un.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00158-00035203-00035456 The summit was a bold and controversial
DCEjnQEtmYu-00159-00035456-00035624 step, one of the signature foreign
DCEjnQEtmYu-00160-00035624-00035782 policy initiatives of the trump
DCEjnQEtmYu-00161-00035782-00035918 administration.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00162-00035918-00036156 The president and secretary of state
DCEjnQEtmYu-00163-00036156-00036418 Pompeo saw somebody who had the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00164-00036418-00036615 diplomat skills to capitalize on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00165-00036615-00036869 political opening and drive progress
DCEjnQEtmYu-00166-00036869-00037105 toward the very difficult issue of North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00167-00037105-00037253 Korean denuclearization as well as
DCEjnQEtmYu-00168-00037253-00037552 related challenges in the relationship.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00169-00037552-00037699 The fact that they chose Steve Biegun
DCEjnQEtmYu-00170-00037699-00037878 for that role testifies to the strength
DCEjnQEtmYu-00171-00037878-00038071 of both his diplomatic skills and his
DCEjnQEtmYu-00172-00038071-00038188 reputation.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00173-00038188-00038390 Over the past year he's led U.S. policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00174-00038390-00038697 toward the DPRK, that's the democratic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00175-00038697-00038865 people's republic of Korea on North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00176-00038865-00039135 Korea, and spearhead U.S. negotiations
DCEjnQEtmYu-00177-00039135-00039235 with okay.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00178-00039235-00039411 Yong and engagement with reasonable
DCEjnQEtmYu-00179-00039411-00039681 explies partners toward those pames
DCEjnQEtmYu-00180-00039681-00039891 we're privileged to be able to hear from
DCEjnQEtmYu-00181-00039891-00040109 Steve Biegun today about the challenges
DCEjnQEtmYu-00182-00040109-00040315 and the opportunities and the reply
DCEjnQEtmYu-00183-00040315-00040508 diplomacy undergoing noirks, and we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-00184-00040508-00040915 also grateful for co-sponsorship of this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00185-00040915-00041139 lecture by our friends and colleagues at
DCEjnQEtmYu-00186-00041139-00041459 the name center for Korean stud it's a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00187-00041459-00041559 UM.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00188-00041559-00041822 Before he begins we'll have a time
DCEjnQEtmYu-00189-00041822-00041975 toward the end of the session for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00190-00041975-00042136 audience questions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00191-00042136-00042236 Please write your
DCEjnQEtmYu-00192-00042236-00042432 questions on the note cards that our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00193-00042432-00042721 staff will provide and collect.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00194-00042721-00042936 Ford school students Ryan van we and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00195-00042936-00043575 Zachary will present the questions with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00196-00043575-00043678 our own ambassador.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00197-00043678-00043906 Now on behalf of the Ford center and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00198-00043906-00044231 name center give Steve Biegun a warm
DCEjnQEtmYu-00199-00044231-00044633 weerchl welcome.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00200-00044633-00044833 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00201-00044833-00045435 -- Wolfe even welcome.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00202-00045435-00045636 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00203-00045636-00045736 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-00204-00045736-00045836 Thank you, Dean Barr.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00205-00045836-00045936 Thank you, John, for that kind
DCEjnQEtmYu-00206-00045936-00046036 introduction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00207-00046036-00046136 And thank you all for inviting he here
DCEjnQEtmYu-00208-00046136-00046236 today.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00209-00046236-00046427 I had a long day already here on campus.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00210-00046427-00046622 I had an opportunity earlier today to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00211-00046622-00046896 meet with a group of students, started
DCEjnQEtmYu-00212-00046896-00047006 the program at the Ford school called we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00213-00047006-00047216 listen.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00214-00047216-00047416 It's geared to have civil discussion,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00215-00047416-00047577 thoughtful discussion and to engage
DCEjnQEtmYu-00216-00047577-00047793 each other on public policy issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00217-00047793-00047991 It's a truly inspirational group.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00218-00047991-00048091 Student-driven.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00219-00048091-00048262 And if you don't know about it, I'd
DCEjnQEtmYu-00220-00048262-00048583 recommend you look up their website.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00221-00048583-00048763 If you're a student here, I'd recommend
DCEjnQEtmYu-00222-00048763-00048863 you think about it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00223-00048863-00048980 They're doing great work for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00224-00048980-00049080 university.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00225-00049080-00049296 I also had a chance to have lunch today
DCEjnQEtmYu-00226-00049296-00049499 with a group students from the Ford
DCEjnQEtmYu-00227-00049499-00049796 school, an incredibly impressive bunch.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00228-00049796-00049943 Many of them already well into
DCEjnQEtmYu-00229-00049943-00050109 successful careers.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00230-00050109-00050258 And it was a real privilege and honor to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00231-00050258-00050465 spend this time this morning with so
DCEjnQEtmYu-00232-00050465-00050611 many we never students.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00233-00050611-00050711 Wolverine.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00234-00050711-00050830 I can't tell you what a great pleasure
DCEjnQEtmYu-00235-00050830-00051081 it is to be on the campus of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00236-00051081-00051265 University of Michigan where for me it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00237-00051265-00051578 all began so many years ago.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00238-00051578-00051825 Tomorrow marks exactly there go years
DCEjnQEtmYu-00239-00051825-00052172 since I first sat down in a lecture hall
DCEjnQEtmYu-00240-00052172-00052439 here at the University of Michigan.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00241-00052439-00052636 Having left a small Michigan town where
DCEjnQEtmYu-00242-00052636-00052932 I grew up, I stepped onto this campus to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00243-00052932-00053155 begin an educational journey that has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00244-00053155-00053445 served me my entire career.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00245-00053445-00053713 It opened the world to me and, more
DCEjnQEtmYu-00246-00053713-00054026 importantly, it opened me to the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00247-00054026-00054151 I'm grateful for the incredible
DCEjnQEtmYu-00248-00054151-00054397 teachers, visiting instructors, guest
DCEjnQEtmYu-00249-00054397-00054748 speakers, the teachings, the rallies, the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00250-00054748-00055107 protests and the vibrant, eclectic,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00251-00055107-00055270 diverse and irrepressible student body
DCEjnQEtmYu-00252-00055270-00055441 that the University of Michigan has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00253-00055441-00055561 always attracted.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00254-00055561-00055941 I've learned to think in ways that have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00255-00055941-00056200 benefited me throughout my career.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00256-00056200-00056500 It's great to be home.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00257-00056500-00056913 Go blue.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00258-00056913-00057120 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00259-00057120-00057317 I'd like to add my thanks to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00260-00057317-00057439 University of Michigan's Ford school
DCEjnQEtmYu-00261-00057439-00057641 public policy and the Nam center for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00262-00057641-00057838 Korean studies for hosting me this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00263-00057838-00058077 afternoon, and it's an honor to be the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00264-00058077-00058329 inaugural speaker of the Weiser
DCEjnQEtmYu-00265-00058329-00058584 diplomacy center's speaker series.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00266-00058584-00058774 Ron Weiser has for many years been a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00267-00058774-00058954 friend, and for a few years even a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00268-00058954-00059153 colleague in government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00269-00059153-00059325 I know firsthand of his and his wife
DCEjnQEtmYu-00270-00059325-00059612 Eileen's devotion to public service and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00271-00059612-00059795 to the advancement of American interests
DCEjnQEtmYu-00272-00059795-00059999 and ideals around the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00273-00059999-00060225 This new diplomacy center is a fitting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00274-00060225-00060405 embodiment of that devotion.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00275-00060405-00060877 Thank you, Ron.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00276-00060877-00061113 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00277-00061113-00061332 In the three decades since I left Ann
DCEjnQEtmYu-00278-00061332-00061574 Arbor I have had the opportunity to work
DCEjnQEtmYu-00279-00061574-00061773 on many challenging and interesting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00280-00061773-00061992 issues in government and the private
DCEjnQEtmYu-00281-00061992-00062119 sector.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00282-00062119-00062219 But none that approaches the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00283-00062219-00062366 consequences of the issue that I'll
DCEjnQEtmYu-00284-00062366-00062611 speak on today as the United States
DCEjnQEtmYu-00285-00062611-00062935 special representative for North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00286-00062935-00063088 Prior to taking this job, I wasn't
DCEjnQEtmYu-00287-00063088-00063235 really looking to return to government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00288-00063235-00063419 In fact, I was quite happy in a job I
DCEjnQEtmYu-00289-00063419-00063677 loved at wunt great American auto -- one
DCEjnQEtmYu-00290-00063677-00063777 of the great American auto companies,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00291-00063777-00063985 Ford Motor Company located just up the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00292-00063985-00064105 road.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00293-00064105-00064291 It was there that my grandfather and his
DCEjnQEtmYu-00294-00064291-00064505 father before him made their livings,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00295-00064505-00064754 and it was a great place to work.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00296-00064754-00065001 But as is the case with Ron Weiser and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00297-00065001-00065163 with so many other graduates of this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00298-00065163-00065507 great university who, over the decade,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00299-00065507-00065651 have answered the call of public
DCEjnQEtmYu-00300-00065651-00065877 service, last year I accepted the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00301-00065877-00066061 challenge of Secretary of State Mike
DCEjnQEtmYu-00302-00066061-00066323 Pompeo to take up and carry forward a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00303-00066323-00066583 remarkable diplomatic opportunity, an
DCEjnQEtmYu-00304-00066583-00067032 opportunity created by President Trump
DCEjnQEtmYu-00305-00067032-00067356 In June of 2018, the decision of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00306-00067356-00067493 president to meet at a summit in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00307-00067493-00067725 Singapore with chairman Kim Jong-un of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00308-00067725-00068004 North Korea was truly momentous.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00309-00068004-00068226 At the con dilution first-ever meeting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00310-00068226-00068338 between the leaders of our you two
DCEjnQEtmYu-00311-00068338-00068607 countries, they shed a simple strayed
DCEjnQEtmYu-00312-00068607-00068863 forward statement outlining a plan to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00313-00068863-00069060 change the course of events on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00314-00069060-00069213 Korean peninsula through the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00315-00069213-00069441 transformation of relations through the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00316-00069441-00069701 establishment of a permanent peace and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00317-00069701-00069912 the complete denuclearization of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00318-00069912-00070077 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00319-00070077-00070249 And while there's still much work ahead
DCEjnQEtmYu-00320-00070249-00070463 of us, if we are to fulfill those
DCEjnQEtmYu-00321-00070463-00070639 commitments, the this fact of bold
DCEjnQEtmYu-00322-00070639-00070882 leadership and the simple roadmap it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00323-00070882-00071207 produced may well prove to be the key to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00324-00071207-00071438 unlocking the puzzle of the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00325-00071438-00071776 Peninsula that has bedeviled the world
DCEjnQEtmYu-00326-00071776-00072030 since the end of World War II.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00327-00072030-00072162 Since that historic commit meeting in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00328-00072162-00072367 Singapore, the president has maintained
DCEjnQEtmYu-00329-00072367-00072635 a strong and focused deployment search
DCEjnQEtmYu-00330-00072635-00072801 for a lasting peace on the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00331-00072801-00072947 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00332-00072947-00073266 He refuses to accept the fact that 66
DCEjnQEtmYu-00333-00073266-00073497 years after fighting ended in the careen
DCEjnQEtmYu-00334-00073497-00073729 war we have yet to find a successful
DCEjnQEtmYu-00335-00073729-00073985 path to transforming relations and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00336-00073985-00074201 establishing a permanent peace.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00337-00074201-00074498 But the president has also been clear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00338-00074498-00074677 that doing so will require the daunting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00339-00074677-00074908 task of eliminating the growing threat
DCEjnQEtmYu-00340-00074908-00075108 of weapons of mass destruction on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00341-00075108-00075248 Korean panes law.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00342-00075248-00075463 The president has directed the starter
DCEjnQEtmYu-00343-00075463-00075710 state, myself and the entire U.S.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00344-00075710-00075937 national security team to spare no
DCEjnQEtmYu-00345-00075937-00076198 effort in our negotiations to fulfill
DCEjnQEtmYu-00346-00076198-00076351 the commitments that the two leaders
DCEjnQEtmYu-00347-00076351-00076633 made at Singapore.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00348-00076633-00076831 We are aware that this diplomatic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00349-00076831-00077022 opening is fragile.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00350-00077022-00077286 We fully understand the consequences if
DCEjnQEtmYu-00351-00077286-00077426 did I diplomacy fails, and we are
DCEjnQEtmYu-00352-00077426-00077671 clear-eyed about the dangerous reality
DCEjnQEtmYu-00353-00077671-00077956 of ongoing development by North Korea of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00354-00077956-00078137 weapons of mass destruction and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00355-00078137-00078388 means to deliver them to the region and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00356-00078388-00078562 to the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00357-00078562-00078719 This is in defines of international
DCEjnQEtmYu-00358-00078719-00078846 norms.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00359-00078846-00079066 It is in violation of United Nations
DCEjnQEtmYu-00360-00079066-00079212 security council resolutions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00361-00079212-00079518 And it is in contravention of Muppet
DCEjnQEtmYu-00362-00079518-00079755 promises made by North Korea to never
DCEjnQEtmYu-00363-00079755-00079999 possess such weapons.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00364-00079999-00080214 For to us make progress towards peace
DCEjnQEtmYu-00365-00080214-00080345 and to take major steps towards
DCEjnQEtmYu-00366-00080345-00080599 transforming our relationship, North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00367-00080599-00080772 Korea must be willing to fulfill its
DCEjnQEtmYu-00368-00080772-00080973 commitment to achieve complete
DCEjnQEtmYu-00369-00080973-00081192 denourishingization.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00370-00081192-00081345 North Korea will never be able to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00371-00081345-00081586 realize its full economic potential or
DCEjnQEtmYu-00372-00081586-00081901 enjoy true economic security and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00373-00081901-00082150 stability if it clings to weapons of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00374-00082150-00082250 mass destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00375-00082250-00082488 The United States and the world will not
DCEjnQEtmYu-00376-00082488-00082641 accept that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00377-00082641-00082838 And we and other countries in the region
DCEjnQEtmYu-00378-00082838-00083119 need to understand that the outcome of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00379-00083119-00083311 this diplomatic process will have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00380-00083311-00083564 ramifications well beyond the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00381-00083564-00083688 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00382-00083688-00083883 Last year, after taking on this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00383-00083883-00084073 assignment, I had the rare and special
DCEjnQEtmYu-00384-00084073-00084277 opportunity to sit down with former
DCEjnQEtmYu-00385-00084277-00084502 Secretary of State Henry kissinger to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00386-00084502-00084738 discuss the way forward.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00387-00084738-00084969 As he shared his observations and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00388-00084969-00085200 thoughtful advice, one comment made a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00389-00085200-00085450 particularly deep impression upon me.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00390-00085450-00085720 Dr. Kissinger noted that we were charged
DCEjnQEtmYu-00391-00085720-00085922 today with working toward the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00392-00085922-00086163 elimination of North Korea's nuclear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00393-00086163-00086457 weapons, but, he said, if this effort
DCEjnQEtmYu-00394-00086457-00086702 fails, we will be working tomorrow on an
DCEjnQEtmYu-00395-00086702-00086910 Asia wide nuclear proliferation
DCEjnQEtmYu-00396-00086910-00087010 challenge.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00397-00087010-00087285 It does not require a leap of logic to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00398-00087285-00087576 understand what Dr. Kingser was
DCEjnQEtmYu-00399-00087576-00087676 predicting.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00400-00087676-00087874 A North Korea that retains the ability
DCEjnQEtmYu-00401-00087874-00088081 to threaten its neighbors with neecialg
DCEjnQEtmYu-00402-00088081-00088358 weapons risks breaking the international
DCEjnQEtmYu-00403-00088358-00088686 noamples non-proliferation built over 50
DCEjnQEtmYu-00404-00088686-00088786 years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00405-00088786-00088886 While a number of countries and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00406-00088886-00089099 economies in Asia have the scientific
DCEjnQEtmYu-00407-00089099-00089345 wherewithal and the technical capacity
DCEjnQEtmYu-00408-00089345-00089577 to develop nuclear weans they have made
DCEjnQEtmYu-00409-00089577-00089807 the judgment that po sense such weapons
DCEjnQEtmYu-00410-00089807-00090076 creates more risk for their security and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00411-00090076-00090289 for their people.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00412-00090289-00090508 Allies such as Japan and South Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00413-00090508-00090751 have fore sworn nuclear weapons programs
DCEjnQEtmYu-00414-00090751-00090916 in part because they trust the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00415-00090916-00091211 protection of extended deterrence has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00416-00091211-00091432 included in their alliance relationships
DCEjnQEtmYu-00417-00091432-00091616 with the United States of America.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00418-00091616-00092000 But how long will that conviction hold?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00419-00092000-00092195 If such weapons air mere short range
DCEjnQEtmYu-00420-00092195-00092411 ballistic missile night away from their
DCEjnQEtmYu-00421-00092411-00092533 own territory?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00422-00092533-00092732 At what point will voices in South Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00423-00092732-00093092 and Japan and elsewhere in Asia begin to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00424-00093092-00093402 ask if they need tro consider their own
DCEjnQEtmYu-00425-00093402-00093563 nuclear capabilities?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00426-00093563-00093773 And what will this mean for a region
DCEjnQEtmYu-00427-00093773-00094070 whose prosperity and growth has been so
DCEjnQEtmYu-00428-00094070-00094288 inex entribly tied to long-term
DCEjnQEtmYu-00429-00094288-00094563 stability and peace.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00430-00094563-00094813 It is very much in the interests of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00431-00094813-00095005 United States of America and every other
DCEjnQEtmYu-00432-00095005-00095305 nation in the region to avoid this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00433-00095305-00095405 eventuality.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00434-00095405-00095605 If we are to escape an outcome that will
DCEjnQEtmYu-00435-00095605-00095905 press nations in the region to consider
DCEjnQEtmYu-00436-00095905-00096123 new and more dangerous strategic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00437-00096123-00096461 choices, we must work together as allies
DCEjnQEtmYu-00438-00096461-00096744 and partners in east Asia to achieve the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00439-00096744-00096966 vision that was laid out at the sing
DCEjnQEtmYu-00440-00096966-00097100 Singapore summit.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00441-00097100-00097405 As always, there are consequences for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00442-00097405-00097505 failure.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00443-00097505-00097679 And I fear Dr. Kissinger is correct,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00444-00097679-00097947 that if the international community
DCEjnQEtmYu-00445-00097947-00098157 fails in the undertaking, in this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00446-00098157-00098483 undertaking, North Korea will not be the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00447-00098483-00098590 last nuclear ceaps state in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00448-00098590-00098969 nuclear weapons state in Asia.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00449-00098969-00099168 At this moment to achieve further
DCEjnQEtmYu-00450-00099168-00099439 progress the most important step we can
DCEjnQEtmYu-00451-00099439-00099707 take is for the United States and North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00452-00099707-00099964 Korea to work together, to overcome the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00453-00099964-00100263 policies and demonstrations of hostility
DCEjnQEtmYu-00454-00100263-00100470 that compromise the simple ability of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00455-00100470-00100763 our diplomats to talk and to sustain the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00456-00100763-00101041 rhythm of negotiations.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00457-00101041-00101260 If we are to succeed, North Korea must
DCEjnQEtmYu-00458-00101260-00101630 set aside its search for obstacles to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00459-00101630-00101801 negotiations and instead seek the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00460-00101801-00102069 opportunities for engagement while that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00461-00102069-00102307 opportunity lasts.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00462-00102307-00102538 We have made clear to North Korea we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00463-00102538-00102767 are prepared to engage as soon as we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00464-00102767-00102909 hear from them.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00465-00102909-00103247 We are ready, but we cannot do this by
DCEjnQEtmYu-00466-00103247-00103383 ourselves.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00467-00103383-00103502 Between the United States and North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00468-00103502-00103701 Korea there has been too little
DCEjnQEtmYu-00469-00103701-00103959 communication, too much room for missal
DCEjnQEtmYu-00470-00103959-00104208 accumulation and misunderstanding,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00471-00104208-00104533 and almost no room at all for error.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00472-00104533-00104694 Through direct engagement we must create
DCEjnQEtmYu-00473-00104694-00104976 space and momentum for diplomacy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00474-00104976-00105208 We must set in motion anens intensive
DCEjnQEtmYu-00475-00105208-00105308 set of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00476-00105308-00105469 set of negotiations and only if we do
DCEjnQEtmYu-00477-00105469-00105950 that will we able to fulfill the our or
DCEjnQEtmYu-00478-00105950-00106133 piece.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00479-00106133-00106531 One we begin intensive negotiations we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00480-00106531-00106889 can have action that both sides can take
DCEjnQEtmYu-00481-00106889-00107118 to create more and better choices for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00482-00107118-00107351 our leaders to consider.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00483-00107351-00107493 Following the outline of the joint
DCEjnQEtmYu-00484-00107493-00107767 statement issued last year by President
DCEjnQEtmYu-00485-00107767-00107919 Trump and chairman Kim at the Singapore
DCEjnQEtmYu-00486-00107919-00108125 summit, we can construct a set of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00487-00108125-00108332 actions that are undertaken to elevate
DCEjnQEtmYu-00488-00108332-00108592 relations from a place of hostility and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00489-00108592-00108868 distrust toward an agreed and state that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00490-00108868-00109177 fulfills the vision of our two leaders,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00491-00109177-00109278 provided that there is a clear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00492-00109278-00109558 commitment to fulfill all the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00493-00109558-00109786 requirements of the agreements made
DCEjnQEtmYu-00494-00109786-00109908 between the two leaders.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00495-00109908-00110129 Now, either the United States --
DCEjnQEtmYu-00496-00110129-00110295 neither the United States nor Korea has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00497-00110295-00110484 to accept all the risk of moving
DCEjnQEtmYu-00498-00110484-00110713 forward, and there are immediate actions
DCEjnQEtmYu-00499-00110713-00110932 that we can take if negotiations make
DCEjnQEtmYu-00500-00110932-00111133 progress.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00501-00111133-00111284 Judging by the talks President Trump has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00502-00111284-00111558 had with chairman Kim and those that our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00503-00111558-00111781 team has had over the past year with our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00504-00111781-00112054 North Korean counterparts, it is clear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00505-00112054-00112294 that both siding quickly agree to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00506-00112294-00112529 significant actions that will declare to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00507-00112529-00112748 our respective peoples and to the world
DCEjnQEtmYu-00508-00112748-00112975 that the United States-North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00509-00112975-00113221 relations have taken an irreversible
DCEjnQEtmYu-00510-00113221-00113433 turn away from convict.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00511-00113433-00113758 Actions, much more than any words, can
DCEjnQEtmYu-00512-00113758-00114049 infuse this diplomatic moment with more
DCEjnQEtmYu-00513-00114049-00114530 energy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00514-00114530-00114691 the Korean peninsula and the Dorothy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00515-00114691-00114958 orthodox is and necessities of at at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00516-00114958-00115251 deternses to which they gief rise make a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00517-00115251-00115492 peaceful-U.S. North Korea's relationship
DCEjnQEtmYu-00518-00115492-00115730 hard to imagine, hard to imagine in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00519-00115730-00115940 way our current strategic and economic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00520-00115940-00116161 relationship with Vietnam was hard to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00521-00116161-00116511 imagine a mere 20 years ago, hard in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00522-00116511-00116693 way that alliances with Germany and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00523-00116693-00116956 Japan were unthinkable in the waning
DCEjnQEtmYu-00524-00116956-00117193 days of World War II, hard in the way
DCEjnQEtmYu-00525-00117193-00117429 the e unification of Jeremy and a Europe
DCEjnQEtmYu-00526-00117429-00117708 whole and free were difficult to imagine
DCEjnQEtmYu-00527-00117708-00118055 even as the Berlin wall was falling.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00528-00118055-00118273 There have been prior irrelevant it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00529-00118273-00118413 negotiations with North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00530-00118413-00118679 over the past 25 years, to slow or
DCEjnQEtmYu-00531-00118679-00118883 reverse the development weapons
DCEjnQEtmYu-00532-00118883-00119119 of mass destruction but none of have yet
DCEjnQEtmYu-00533-00119119-00119365 succeed in overcoming the legacy of a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00534-00119365-00119625 brutal war and the decades of hostility
DCEjnQEtmYu-00535-00119625-00119779 that followed.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00536-00119779-00119951 Of course we are mindful that there is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00537-00119951-00120163 no guarantee that our current diplomatic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00538-00120163-00120416 efforts will succeed where others have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00539-00120416-00120590 failed, but with the president's
DCEjnQEtmYu-00540-00120590-00120775 direction and strong support, we are
DCEjnQEtmYu-00541-00120775-00121079 committed to try through did diplomacy to do
DCEjnQEtmYu-00542-00121079-00121386 more, not pleps over the past year we've
DCEjnQEtmYu-00543-00121386-00121583 been able to sustain political space and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00544-00121583-00121904 momentum at home with bipartisan
DCEjnQEtmYu-00545-00121904-00122148 agreement that diplomacy remains the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00546-00122148-00122333 best choice.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00547-00122333-00122529 Our team has invested significant time
DCEjnQEtmYu-00548-00122529-00122758 and effort in consultations with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00549-00122758-00122925 Congress, and we continue to draw
DCEjnQEtmYu-00550-00122925-00123217 support from both sides of the aisle to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00551-00123217-00123421 continue to test this opportunity.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00552-00123421-00123697 Ion our borders, policies on
DCEjnQEtmYu-00553-00123697-00123911 denuclearization of North Korea stand on
DCEjnQEtmYu-00554-00123911-00124111 eye firm foundation of international
DCEjnQEtmYu-00555-00124111-00124211 support.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00556-00124211-00124525 Guided by a series of resolutions,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00557-00124525-00124690 unanimously supported in the United
DCEjnQEtmYu-00558-00124690-00124896 Nations security council and actively
DCEjnQEtmYu-00559-00124896-00125134 supported by allies and partners in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00560-00125134-00125552 Asia, Europe and around the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00561-00125552-00125723 We are fully committed to bring an end
DCEjnQEtmYu-00562-00125723-00125977 to the vestiges of hostile relations to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00563-00125977-00126203 the Korean peninsula to follow the path
DCEjnQEtmYu-00564-00126203-00126583 of security for north and South Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00565-00126583-00126773 answered and to build the trust that is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00566-00126773-00127013 the necessary foundation for a lasting
DCEjnQEtmYu-00567-00127013-00127126 peace.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00568-00127126-00127457 And through this, achieve the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00569-00127457-00127607 elimination of weapons of mass
DCEjnQEtmYu-00570-00127607-00127839 destruction and their means of delivery
DCEjnQEtmYu-00571-00127839-00128059 on the Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00572-00128059-00128400 And if we are successful, there is so
DCEjnQEtmYu-00573-00128400-00128642 much potential for opportunity ahead of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00574-00128642-00128742 us.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00575-00128742-00128894 Our two countries in the Indo Pacific
DCEjnQEtmYu-00576-00128894-00129217 region as a whole would greatly benefit
DCEjnQEtmYu-00577-00129217-00129420 from enhanced connectivity through the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00578-00129420-00129584 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00579-00129584-00129892 More open sea lands and overflights in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00580-00129892-00130108 and around the peninsula, combined with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00581-00130108-00130327 high-quality infrastructure investment
DCEjnQEtmYu-00582-00130327-00130553 in North Korea would diversify and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00583-00130553-00130795 shorten transport routes, open new
DCEjnQEtmYu-00584-00130795-00131032 export markets for North Korean goods,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00585-00131032-00131336 and open up vast additional areas for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00586-00131336-00131590 economic development in North Korea and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00587-00131590-00131763 in neighboring countries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00588-00131763-00132062 Energy flows in and out of North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00589-00132062-00132252 would lift the North Korean economy in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00590-00132252-00132445 new diversified trading relationships
DCEjnQEtmYu-00591-00132445-00132605 would improve living standards
DCEjnQEtmYu-00592-00132605-00132838 throughout the peninsula and the region.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00593-00132838-00133169 In terms of security, lowered tensions
DCEjnQEtmYu-00594-00133169-00133407 will mean that our military forces will
DCEjnQEtmYu-00595-00133407-00133681 no longer need to stand and train
DCEjnQEtmYu-00596-00133681-00133929 perpetually ready to fight a war.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00597-00133929-00134141 They could instead serve and cooperate
DCEjnQEtmYu-00598-00134141-00134352 to build a foundation to support a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00599-00134352-00134524 lasting peace.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00600-00134524-00134849 And if we can forge a sustainable peace,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00601-00134849-00135111 forge the modalities of cooperation, we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00602-00135111-00135277 will reap the mutual rewards that will
DCEjnQEtmYu-00603-00135277-00135579 spring from Frank discussions and many
DCEjnQEtmYu-00604-00135579-00135845 other issues that divided the United
DCEjnQEtmYu-00605-00135845-00136045 States and North Korea over all these
DCEjnQEtmYu-00606-00136045-00136232 many years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00607-00136232-00136451 This is President Trump's vision and it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00608-00136451-00136607 is a vision he is confident that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00609-00136607-00136805 Chairman Kim shares.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00610-00136805-00137056 When the president took as of more than
DCEjnQEtmYu-00611-00137056-00137267 two years ago, North Korea represented
DCEjnQEtmYu-00612-00137267-00137471 the most urgent national security
DCEjnQEtmYu-00613-00137471-00137774 priority waiting on his desk.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00614-00137774-00137959 What has moved the Korean peninsula off
DCEjnQEtmYu-00615-00137959-00138217 of a path toward conflict and onto a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00616-00138217-00138466 path of peace has been the bold
DCEjnQEtmYu-00617-00138466-00138705 leadership of President Trump and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00618-00138705-00138866 Chairman Kim.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00619-00138866-00139100 Whereas the experts cownsd
DCEjnQEtmYu-00620-00139100-00139319 incrementalism, the president understood
DCEjnQEtmYu-00621-00139319-00139522 that the situation called for a clear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00622-00139522-00139716 break with the past.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00623-00139716-00139957 We needed to do something different,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00624-00139957-00140272 something dramatic to head off conflict.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00625-00140272-00140415 The president's decision to hole two
DCEjnQEtmYu-00626-00140415-00140650 summits and to seek agreement at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00627-00140650-00140915 highest levels with the North Koreans
DCEjnQEtmYu-00628-00140915-00141082 was not to say the least the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00629-00141082-00141287 conventional wisdom of the Washington,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00630-00141287-00141542 DC, foreign policy establishment.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00631-00141542-00141773 The decision two months ago to propose
DCEjnQEtmYu-00632-00141773-00142136 ap impromptu meeting with chairman Kim
DCEjnQEtmYu-00633-00142136-00142378 had no guarantee of success, in fact,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00634-00142378-00142533 Chairman Kim could have rejected the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00635-00142533-00142785 last-minute invitation out of hand.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00636-00142785-00143009 But he didn't.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00637-00143009-00143158 And as a result of each of these
DCEjnQEtmYu-00638-00143158-00143446 engagements between our two leaders, the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00639-00143446-00143689 door to diplomacy has been held open a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00640-00143689-00143899 little longer.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00641-00143899-00143999 Over the course of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00642-00143999-00144148 this past year, the president has made
DCEjnQEtmYu-00643-00144148-00144331 clear to North Korea and to the world
DCEjnQEtmYu-00644-00144331-00144565 that he has made this choice for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00645-00144565-00144685 United States.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00646-00144685-00144900 He has given our negotiating team clear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00647-00144900-00145105 instructions to deliver on his deep
DCEjnQEtmYu-00648-00145105-00145325 commitment to transforming U.S.-North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00649-00145325-00145564 Korean relations through diplomacy, as
DCEjnQEtmYu-00650-00145564-00145949 agreed with chairman Kim at Singapore,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00651-00145949-00146085 and he has said he is confident that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00652-00146085-00146330 Chairman Kim will not sploint disappoint
DCEjnQEtmYu-00653-00146330-00146531 him.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00654-00146531-00146712 Bringing lasting piece to the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00655-00146712-00146976 Peninsula will ultimately only succeed
DCEjnQEtmYu-00656-00146976-00147166 with the leadership of President Trump
DCEjnQEtmYu-00657-00147166-00147318 and chairman kill.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00658-00147318-00147559 Both must be able to see opportunity
DCEjnQEtmYu-00659-00147559-00147773 where others inside their respective
DCEjnQEtmYu-00660-00147773-00147992 systems do not.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00661-00147992-00148142 Opportunity that could blossom from the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00662-00148142-00148337 successful transformation of our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00663-00148337-00148497 relations, the establishment of a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00664-00148497-00148672 permanent peace regime on the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00665-00148672-00148849 peninsula, and the complete
DCEjnQEtmYu-00666-00148849-00149050 denuclearization of the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00667-00149050-00149150 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00668-00149150-00149445 To succeed, both must choose this course
DCEjnQEtmYu-00669-00149445-00149614 and follow through with actions that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00670-00149614-00149830 will seize that opportunity.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00671-00149830-00150065 The president is fully committed to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00672-00150065-00150308 making significant progress toward these
DCEjnQEtmYu-00673-00150308-00150559 goals in the year ahead and should
DCEjnQEtmYu-00674-00150559-00150890 Chairman Kim share in President Trump's
DCEjnQEtmYu-00675-00150890-00151159 commitment to advance the ideas I have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00676-00151159-00151437 laid out today, he will find our team is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00677-00151437-00151928 ready to turn this vision into reality.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00678-00151928-00152554 Thank you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00679-00152554-00152867 [Applause]
DCEjnQEtmYu-00680-00152867-00153180 Okay.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00681-00153180-00153414 To start off with our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00682-00153414-00153636 question-and-answer session, I'm going
DCEjnQEtmYu-00683-00153636-00153888 to have a few questions for Mr. Being be
DCEjnQEtmYu-00684-00153888-00154078 UN to give Ryan and Zack a bit of time
DCEjnQEtmYu-00685-00154078-00154178 to review some questions that you have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00686-00154178-00154396 submitted from the audience and then
DCEjnQEtmYu-00687-00154396-00154699 we'll open up the rest of the session to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00688-00154699-00154799 hear your queries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00689-00154799-00155072 If I may, I'd like to start with a pair
DCEjnQEtmYu-00690-00155072-00155214 of questions, one that's more a medium
DCEjnQEtmYu-00691-00155214-00155377 term question and one that's more a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00692-00155377-00155580 immediate short-term question.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00693-00155580-00155914 A medium term question is this.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00694-00155914-00156225 For many years the United States' policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-00695-00156225-00156480 and expressed goal of negotiations with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00696-00156480-00156821 North Korea has been to achieve a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00697-00156821-00157041 complete verifiable and not easily
DCEjnQEtmYu-00698-00157041-00157488 reversible denuclearization of the DPRK.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00699-00157488-00157692 And surely Kim Jong-un and other leaders
DCEjnQEtmYu-00700-00157692-00157901 in North Korea look at the cases of Iraq
DCEjnQEtmYu-00701-00157901-00158406 and Libya and think of the weapons, the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00702-00158406-00158670 nuclear weapons program as both an
DCEjnQEtmYu-00703-00158670-00158880 extremely important bargaining chip with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00704-00158880-00159052 the international community and some
DCEjnQEtmYu-00705-00159052-00159242 form of insurance for a deeply
DCEjnQEtmYu-00706-00159242-00159447 disfavored dictatorship.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00707-00159447-00159637 And so I'm sure you agree that even if
DCEjnQEtmYu-00708-00159637-00159931 the goal is realistic websites a very
DCEjnQEtmYu-00709-00159931-00160113 challenging one to achieve.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00710-00160113-00160315 The question is what do you see as the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00711-00160315-00160668 key conditions under which this North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00712-00160668-00160964 Korean regime would give consideration
DCEjnQEtmYu-00713-00160964-00161292 to the types of serious and potentially
DCEjnQEtmYu-00714-00161292-00161572 even irreversible reverse alsz als of their
DCEjnQEtmYu-00715-00161572-00161811 nuclear program that the United States
DCEjnQEtmYu-00716-00161811-00161919 is demanding?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00717-00161919-00162387 Thank you, John, and certainly
DCEjnQEtmYu-00718-00162387-00162596 something that we've spent a lot of time
DCEjnQEtmYu-00719-00162596-00162912 thinking about.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00720-00162912-00163156 One of the -- there are several things
DCEjnQEtmYu-00721-00163156-00163315 that are different about this diplomatic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00722-00163315-00163498 initiative than how we have engaged
DCEjnQEtmYu-00723-00163498-00163750 North Korea in the past, but one area in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00724-00163750-00164080 particular that addresses the underlying
DCEjnQEtmYu-00725-00164080-00164304 question you asked is that we're seeing
DCEjnQEtmYu-00726-00164304-00164527 do a lot more than issue weaches mass
DCEjnQEtmYu-00727-00164527-00164648 destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00728-00164648-00164855 The Singapore statement that I referred
DCEjnQEtmYu-00729-00164855-00165168 to in my remarks actually has two parts
DCEjnQEtmYu-00730-00165168-00165496 or four pillars as we refer to them.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00731-00165496-00165672 The first is that the two leaders
DCEjnQEtmYu-00732-00165672-00165842 committed to transform the relations
DCEjnQEtmYu-00733-00165842-00165992 between our two countries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00734-00165992-00166149 The second is that the two leaders
DCEjnQEtmYu-00735-00166149-00166367 committed to the establishment of a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00736-00166367-00166552 permanent peace regime on the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-00737-00166552-00166652 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00738-00166652-00166766 I imagine not everyone here is an expert
DCEjnQEtmYu-00739-00166766-00167199 on the history of Korean peninsula, but
DCEjnQEtmYu-00740-00167199-00167386 it's worth pointing out that the war
DCEjnQEtmYu-00741-00167386-00167646 when it ended in 1953 ended in an
DCEjnQEtmYu-00742-00167646-00167746 armistice.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00743-00167746-00167846 Technically that war has not been
DCEjnQEtmYu-00744-00167846-00168039 concluded with a treaty.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00745-00168039-00168208 Establishing a permanent peace regime is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00746-00168208-00168661 going to be critical to changing the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00747-00168661-00168761 politics.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00748-00168761-00169046 The two agreement they made was the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00749-00169046-00169310 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00750-00169310-00169563 The last, the fourth pillar which we
DCEjnQEtmYu-00751-00169563-00169784 don't talk about as much is a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00752-00169784-00170067 humanitarian initiative.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00753-00170067-00170382 It's to recover the remains of the U.S.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00754-00170382-00170593 soldiers and Marines who fell during the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00755-00170593-00170852 Korean war, invest in other countries to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00756-00170852-00171043 recover and account for their losses in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00757-00171043-00171328 the Korean war, and we've expanded it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00758-00171328-00171539 also in our discussions with the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00759-00171539-00171888 Koreans to include finding ways for
DCEjnQEtmYu-00760-00171888-00172178 Koreans inside and outside North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00761-00172178-00172393 to reunify as families to meet each
DCEjnQEtmYu-00762-00172393-00172652 other after a period of long division.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00763-00172652-00172847 It is challenging.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00764-00172847-00173029 As I said in my remarks, we're trying to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00765-00173029-00173410 overcome 70 years of hostility on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00766-00173410-00173510 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00767-00173510-00173747 That's a long time.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00768-00173747-00173955 One of the anecdotes that was mention
DCEjnQEtmYu-00769-00173955-00174064 today mentioned
DCEjnQEtmYu-00770-00174064-00174462 to me that has really Meads me was that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00771-00174462-00174737 North Korea has existed longer than the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00772-00174737-00174873 Soviet Union existed.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00773-00174873-00175064 The Soviet Union is now the historical
DCEjnQEtmYu-00774-00175064-00175214 blink of an eye.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00775-00175214-00175574 North Korea-U.S. relations for seven
DCEjnQEtmYu-00776-00175574-00175685 years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00777-00175685-00175955 We have a way find more than just
DCEjnQEtmYu-00778-00175955-00176113 weapons of mass destruction issue.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00779-00176113-00176285 We have to change the incentives.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00780-00176285-00176548 And by changing the trajectory of our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00781-00176548-00176736 policies, it's our hope that we can
DCEjnQEtmYu-00782-00176736-00176907 likewise change the trajectory of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00783-00176907-00177007 theirs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00784-00177007-00177118 North Korea doesn't need nuclear
DCEjnQEtmYu-00785-00177118-00177218 weapons.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00786-00177218-00177411 The United States does not intend any
DCEjnQEtmYu-00787-00177411-00177587 hostile action toward North Korea but
DCEjnQEtmYu-00788-00177587-00177770 we're going to have to build trust in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00789-00177770-00177969 order to get them to a point where that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00790-00177969-00178163 conviction is reflected in their
DCEjnQEtmYu-00791-00178163-00178263 policies.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00792-00178263-00178471 I promise aid shorter term question,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00793-00178471-00178611 and that is the immediate question of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00794-00178611-00178786 how to get the North Korean delegation
DCEjnQEtmYu-00795-00178786-00178886 back to the table.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00796-00178886-00179129 There have been periods of on
DCEjnQEtmYu-00797-00179129-00179396 again/off-again diplomacy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00798-00179396-00179629 Recently the North Korean leadership has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00799-00179629-00179911 suggested that negotiations may be tied
DCEjnQEtmYu-00800-00179911-00180199 in some fashion the to nature and extent
DCEjnQEtmYu-00801-00180199-00180437 of U.S. joint exercises with its South
DCEjnQEtmYu-00802-00180437-00180688 Korean military.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00803-00180688-00180972 What do you see as the key steps that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00804-00180972-00181260 the trump administration needs to take
DCEjnQEtmYu-00805-00181260-00181608 to encourage or incentivize the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00806-00181608-00181778 Korean delegation to come back and talk?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00807-00181778-00182022 After all, as you said in your remarks,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00808-00182022-00182217 there is a sense in chts window of time
DCEjnQEtmYu-00809-00182217-00182467 available for seizing this opportunity
DCEjnQEtmYu-00810-00182467-00182586 is not infinite.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00811-00182586-00182686 Yes.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00812-00182686-00182968 So of course we have to be ready.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00813-00182968-00183076 We have to be prepared.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00814-00183076-00183412 And we have to convey to the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00815-00183412-00183576 Koreans that we're prepared to have this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00816-00183576-00183870 discussion on all parties, both sides.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00817-00183870-00184080 We can and we have communicated that tom
DCEjnQEtmYu-00818-00184080-00184180 North Koreans.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00819-00184180-00184364 We've done it directly and indirectly.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00820-00184364-00184549 We have down it through third parties.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00821-00184549-00184759 We've I didn't publicly we've I didn't
DCEjnQEtmYu-00822-00184759-00184859 privately.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00823-00184859-00185051 The North Koreans know where we are.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00824-00185051-00185177 The North Koreans know what the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00825-00185177-00185277 opportunity is.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00826-00185277-00185740 The North Koreans have a decision to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00827-00185740-00185840 make on engagement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00828-00185840-00185940 We're prepared to do so when they're
DCEjnQEtmYu-00829-00185940-00186040 ready.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00830-00186040-00186171 As I said a moment ago.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00831-00186171-00186420 And it's worth repeating, that we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-00832-00186420-00186761 ready, but North Korea has to make that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00833-00186761-00186861 choice too.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00834-00186861-00187090 I want to turn now to our excellent
DCEjnQEtmYu-00835-00187090-00187467 students Ryan and Zack and allow them to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00836-00187467-00187639 ask some of the questions that you all
DCEjnQEtmYu-00837-00187639-00187739 have posed.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00838-00187739-00187839 Ryan and Zack, if you could each
DCEjnQEtmYu-00839-00187839-00188045 introduce of your very briefly before
DCEjnQEtmYu-00840-00188045-00188195 you lead into the questions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00841-00188195-00188399 We want to give everyone in the room a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00842-00188399-00188686 little illustration of what some of our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00843-00188686-00188969 students are working on related to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00844-00188969-00189069 center.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00845-00189069-00189169 Thank you, professor.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00846-00189169-00189269 Thank you, sir, for being here us with
DCEjnQEtmYu-00847-00189269-00189440 us p I'm my name is Ryan am eye second
DCEjnQEtmYu-00848-00189440-00189760 year national public policy student.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00849-00189760-00189979 My focus for research has been on
DCEjnQEtmYu-00850-00189979-00190079 international security policy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00851-00190079-00190327 The first question from the audience is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00852-00190327-00190578 to what extent has the trump
DCEjnQEtmYu-00853-00190578-00190875 administration withdrawn from the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00854-00190875-00191071 comprehensive plan of action with Iran
DCEjnQEtmYu-00855-00191071-00191440 impacted negotiations with North Korea?
DCEjnQEtmYu-00856-00191440-00191892 So the Iran nuclear corridor, the JCP
DCEjnQEtmYu-00857-00191892-00192484 JCPOA certainly is an issue that the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00858-00192484-00192788 North Korea answered would notice and it
DCEjnQEtmYu-00859-00192788-00193022 goes to an underpinning concern that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00860-00193022-00193173 they will certain have as to how any
DCEjnQEtmYu-00861-00193173-00193431 agreement we reach together will be
DCEjnQEtmYu-00862-00193431-00193531 durable.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00863-00193531-00193963 I'm not responsible for the JCPOA but I
DCEjnQEtmYu-00864-00193963-00194272 am undertaking the direction of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00865-00194272-00194454 Secretary of State and the president
DCEjnQEtmYu-00866-00194454-00194736 diplomacy on that not entirely
DCEjnQEtmYu-00867-00194736-00194945 dissimilar set of issues and a not
DCEjnQEtmYu-00868-00194945-00195091 entirely dissimilar set of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00869-00195091-00195191 circumstances.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00870-00195191-00195377 But our answer, what's going to be
DCEjnQEtmYu-00871-00195377-00195542 different about our efforts with North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00872-00195542-00195746 Korea, is that we're trying to do much
DCEjnQEtmYu-00873-00195746-00195995 more than the JCPOA did.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00874-00195995-00196241 The JCP government, the Iran liewcialg
DCEjnQEtmYu-00875-00196241-00196477 agreement targeted very narrowly the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00876-00196477-00196872 issue of Iran's nuclear weapons programs
DCEjnQEtmYu-00877-00196872-00197270 and suspended for a period of time those programs in hopes that some
DCEjnQEtmYu-00878-00197270-00197450 other changes might occur in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00879-00197450-00197586 external environment that would allow
DCEjnQEtmYu-00880-00197586-00197882 for the progress but also allow for fact
DCEjnQEtmYu-00881-00197882-00198167 that Iran could revert back to the full
DCEjnQEtmYu-00882-00198167-00198337 operation of its nuclear enrichment
DCEjnQEtmYu-00883-00198337-00198587 after the conclusion
DCEjnQEtmYu-00884-00198587-00198687 of that agreement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00885-00198687-00199006 That agreement was also intentionally,
DCEjnQEtmYu-00886-00199006-00199444 the agreement intentionally excluded the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00887-00199444-00199726 broader set of issues in the U.S.-Iran
DCEjnQEtmYu-00888-00199726-00199826 relationship.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00889-00199826-00200047 And so what the United States saw in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00890-00200047-00200210 the aftermath of that agreement being
DCEjnQEtmYu-00891-00200210-00200535 reached was that the increased economic
DCEjnQEtmYu-00892-00200535-00200764 resources and the immediate gains that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00893-00200764-00200957 Iran made in some of the settlements
DCEjnQEtmYu-00894-00200957-00201207 that came Mel after the agreement
DCEjnQEtmYu-00895-00201207-00201397 provided them with resources that they
DCEjnQEtmYu-00896-00201397-00201638 chose to spend to further engage in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00897-00201638-00201966 the destabilization of many nations in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00898-00201966-00202145 region, including Yemen, Syria where
DCEjnQEtmYu-00899-00202145-00202358 they had an active combat presence
DCEjnQEtmYu-00900-00202358-00202616 undertaking brutal, brutal treatment of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00901-00202616-00202987 the Syrian people, and also to strengthen
DCEjnQEtmYu-00902-00202987-00203138 their hold on Lebanon
DCEjnQEtmYu-00903-00203138-00203566 through Hezbollah, and those eroded the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00904-00203566-00203794 environment in which progress might have
DCEjnQEtmYu-00905-00203794-00204023 been made with Iran, even with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00906-00204023-00204287 tenuous nature of the nuclear agreement
DCEjnQEtmYu-00907-00204287-00204536 that had been reached in the temporary
DCEjnQEtmYu-00908-00204536-00204636 nature.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00909-00204636-00204736 In the case of North Korea, we answer
DCEjnQEtmYu-00910-00204736-00204973 that question in our engagement with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00911-00204973-00205256 North Koreans because we're trying to do
DCEjnQEtmYu-00912-00205256-00205356 much more.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00913-00205356-00205507 We actually -- the president has
DCEjnQEtmYu-00914-00205507-00205664 committed to transforming our
DCEjnQEtmYu-00915-00205664-00205862 relationship with North Korea to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00916-00205862-00206100 bringing about a permanent peace regime
DCEjnQEtmYu-00917-00206100-00206332 to the Korean peninsula, to find areas
DCEjnQEtmYu-00918-00206332-00206523 of cooperation to move forward in this
DCEjnQEtmYu-00919-00206523-00206746 relationship at the same time that we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-00920-00206746-00206937 also addressing the compelling and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00921-00206937-00207094 dangerous threat of weapons of mass
DCEjnQEtmYu-00922-00207094-00207194 destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00923-00207194-00207441 It's going to be hard.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00924-00207441-00207956 I don't for a second take lightly the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00925-00207956-00208181 mandate that the president has given us.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00926-00208181-00208440 The North Koreans are willing to do the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00927-00208440-00208594 same, we have a lot of potential to put
DCEjnQEtmYu-00928-00208594-00208812 together a very durable agreement
DCEjnQEtmYu-00929-00208812-00209184 between our two countries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00930-00209184-00209542 And I'm also very honored to help
DCEjnQEtmYu-00931-00209542-00209698 welcome you back.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00932-00209698-00209828 My name is Zachary.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00933-00209828-00209977 I'm currently a fourth year
DCEjnQEtmYu-00934-00209977-00210248 undergraduate at the Ford school with a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00935-00210248-00210523 focus in diplomacy, and my first
DCEjnQEtmYu-00936-00210523-00210744 question to ask you is historically the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00937-00210744-00210948 North Korean problem is also a China
DCEjnQEtmYu-00938-00210948-00211048 problem.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00939-00211048-00211203 To what extent, in your.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00940-00211203-00211435 , have the tariffs, rhetoric and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00941-00211435-00211694 adversarial posture toward China
DCEjnQEtmYu-00942-00211694-00211896 affected negotiations.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00943-00211896-00212305 So a big country like ours and a big
DCEjnQEtmYu-00944-00212305-00212513 country like China are going to have a
DCEjnQEtmYu-00945-00212513-00212923 lot of interests around the world, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-00946-00212923-00213144 to simplify it, we have to be able to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00947-00213144-00213317 walk and chew gum at the same time.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00948-00213317-00213425 The economic issues that we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-00949-00213425-00213577 negotiating with China right now are
DCEjnQEtmYu-00950-00213577-00213684 very important issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00951-00213684-00213840 They aren't just important for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00952-00213840-00213940 president.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00953-00213940-00214138 They're important to the economy and to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00954-00214138-00214342 the future economic security of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00955-00214342-00214502 United States of America.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00956-00214502-00214676 And that is a very tough negotiation
DCEjnQEtmYu-00957-00214676-00215007 because we're trying to shift the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00958-00215007-00215335 direction of China's economy to try to
DCEjnQEtmYu-00959-00215335-00215500 convince them to shift the direction of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00960-00215500-00215844 their economy in a way that has been
DCEjnQEtmYu-00961-00215844-00216287 established over the course of the last
DCEjnQEtmYu-00962-00216287-00216411 two decades.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00963-00216411-00216585 We work very closely, China on North
DCEjnQEtmYu-00964-00216585-00216701 Korea, needless to say.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00965-00216701-00216962 China has the largest land order of any
DCEjnQEtmYu-00966-00216962-00217187 country in the world outside the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00967-00217187-00217312 demilitarized zone.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00968-00217312-00217578 Choon is going to be instrument instrumental in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-00969-00217578-00217710 cities success of international
DCEjnQEtmYu-00970-00217710-00217998 diplomacy with North Korea as we go
DCEjnQEtmYu-00971-00217998-00218098 forward.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00972-00218098-00218283 We have invested quite bit of a time in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00973-00218283-00218450 working with our Chinese counters parts.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00974-00218450-00218703 We have developed a close relationship.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00975-00218703-00219158 The Chinese in our SUV sent the right
DCEjnQEtmYu-00976-00219158-00219459 messages to North Korea at every Surin.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00977-00219459-00219757 And my Chinese counterpart told me when
DCEjnQEtmYu-00978-00219757-00219960 we first met several months ago is
DCEjnQEtmYu-00979-00219960-00220167 notwithstanding the other areas of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00980-00220167-00220436 tension in the U.S.-China relation, that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00981-00220436-00220704 China would compartmentalize North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-00982-00220704-00220946 and their cooperation on that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00983-00220946-00221256 I told them that we would accept that
DCEjnQEtmYu-00984-00221256-00221388 until we had evidence to suggest
DCEjnQEtmYu-00985-00221388-00221564 otherwise, and we don't have any
DCEjnQEtmYu-00986-00221564-00221689 evidence to suggest otherwise.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00987-00221689-00221905 That's not as to say it's not,, of
DCEjnQEtmYu-00988-00221905-00222133 course, there are enormous tensions in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00989-00222133-00222248 hufs China relations.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00990-00222248-00222448 Not only do we have the economic issues
DCEjnQEtmYu-00991-00222448-00222662 that we're seeking to negotiate.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00992-00222662-00222854 We have various national security
DCEjnQEtmYu-00993-00222854-00222954 differences.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00994-00222954-00223256 We have differences over Taiwan.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00995-00223256-00223573 The student -- the street prophecies in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00996-00223573-00223889 Hong Kong have exacerbated tensions in
DCEjnQEtmYu-00997-00223889-00224021 the relationship even though we're not
DCEjnQEtmYu-00998-00224021-00224251 driving that, China is feeling besieged.
DCEjnQEtmYu-00999-00224251-00224441 There are many things China is doing in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01000-00224441-00224707 places like Shenzhen and other parts of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01001-00224707-00225092 of the south China sea that are add her
DCEjnQEtmYu-01002-00225092-00225265 ents to us and we've raised concerns
DCEjnQEtmYu-01003-00225265-00225365 about.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01004-00225365-00225465 So it's not easy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01005-00225465-00225673 It's not easy to compartmentalize but
DCEjnQEtmYu-01006-00225673-00225892 we've been successful so far, and I'll
DCEjnQEtmYu-01007-00225892-00226008 tell you why.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01008-00226008-00226167 Because China is not doing -- China is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01009-00226167-00226348 not pursuing its policies in North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-01010-00226348-00226617 as a favor to United States of America.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01011-00226617-00226842 China's pursuing its own interests in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01012-00226842-00226964 North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01013-00226964-00227135 What I have told people before when
DCEjnQEtmYu-01014-00227135-00227350 asked this question is my assessment of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01015-00227350-00227680 China is they're 100% with us some of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01016-00227680-00227813 the way.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01017-00227813-00227913 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-01018-00227913-00228050 China wants peace and stability in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01019-00228050-00228181 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01020-00228181-00228336 China wants the elimination of weapons
DCEjnQEtmYu-01021-00228336-00228544 mass destruction on the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01022-00228544-00228644 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01023-00228644-00228744 There's a lot of thing we won't agree
DCEjnQEtmYu-01024-00228744-00228844 on.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01025-00228844-00228944 Our military alliance with the South
DCEjnQEtmYu-01026-00228944-00229160 Koreans, other things like that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01027-00229160-00229390 But China for its own interests
DCEjnQEtmYu-01028-00229390-00229602 parallels our interests, and that's the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01029-00229602-00229742 basis for countries to work together.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01030-00229742-00229956 I'm a big fan of countries acting in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01031-00229956-00230194 their own interests and finding a way to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01032-00230194-00230323 work with other countries that share
DCEjnQEtmYu-01033-00230323-00230423 those interests.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01034-00230423-00230655 In the case of North Korea so far we've
DCEjnQEtmYu-01035-00230655-00230832 been able to do that pretty well with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01036-00230832-00230932 the Chinese.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01037-00230932-00231109 Let me follow up very quickly with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01038-00231109-00231379 that and ask you to expand on what you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01039-00231379-00231601 see as China's constructive roles with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01040-00231601-00231701 regard to North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01041-00231701-00231801 There are sanctions enforcement,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01042-00231801-00231901 political pressure.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01043-00231901-00232302 I'd love to hear a bit more on that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01044-00232302-00232533 First, just the messaging that comes
DCEjnQEtmYu-01045-00232533-00232703 from the Chinese leader to the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01046-00232703-00233060 Koreans for the need to engage in a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01047-00233060-00233251 intensive diplomatic process towards the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01048-00233251-00233459 achievement of a peaceful and stable
DCEjnQEtmYu-01049-00233459-00233614 Korean peninsula and elimination of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01050-00233614-00233786 weapons of mass destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01051-00233786-00233926 China is not shy about that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01052-00233926-00234055 China voted for every UN security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01053-00234055-00234171 council resolution by definition because
DCEjnQEtmYu-01054-00234171-00234466 they can only pass with the unanimous
DCEjnQEtmYu-01055-00234466-00234694 vote of the permanent five members of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01056-00234694-00234913 the UN security council.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01057-00234913-00235048 China has given voice to the policies
DCEjnQEtmYu-01058-00235048-00235164 the same as us.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01059-00235164-00235511 We share our objectives and our strategy
DCEjnQEtmYu-01060-00235511-00235707 to a certain degree with the Chinese.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01061-00235707-00235894 They give us useful feedback about they
DCEjnQEtmYu-01062-00235894-00236188 have a lot of experience the in region.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01063-00236188-00236288 But, of course, above all in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01064-00236288-00236534 maintaining the pressure on North Korea,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01065-00236534-00236750 as we search for a diplomatic solution
DCEjnQEtmYu-01066-00236750-00236911 there's no country that's more important
DCEjnQEtmYu-01067-00236911-00237011 than China.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01068-00237011-00237111 China is North Korea's largest trading
DCEjnQEtmYu-01069-00237111-00237211 partner.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01070-00237211-00237473 It shares a large land border and has
DCEjnQEtmYu-01071-00237473-00237680 territory territorial waters add Jay
DCEjnQEtmYu-01072-00237680-00237842 tent to North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01073-00237842-00238367 So China's role in that dimension of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01074-00238367-00238519 critically important to the cities.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01075-00238519-00238759 Again, we meet regularly with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01076-00238759-00238859 China's convoy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01077-00238859-00238959 Many times.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01078-00238959-00239398 We just had a turnover in China of their
DCEjnQEtmYu-01079-00239398-00239639 representative on North Korea did --
DCEjnQEtmYu-01080-00239639-00239759 lead rep Tift on North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01081-00239759-00239933 We are just in the beginning stages of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01082-00239933-00240125 building a relationship.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01083-00240125-00240303 But my counterpart over the past year
DCEjnQEtmYu-01084-00240303-00240587 has been a tremendous partner, and I'm
DCEjnQEtmYu-01085-00240587-00240810 looking forward developing the same
DCEjnQEtmYu-01086-00240810-00240983 modicum of cooperation with their new
DCEjnQEtmYu-01087-00240983-00241083 representative.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01088-00241083-00241412 Sir, given the centralized authority
DCEjnQEtmYu-01089-00241412-00241716 of North Korean regime, have you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01090-00241716-00241942 encountered difficulties when working
DCEjnQEtmYu-01091-00241942-00242181 with your counterparts in the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01092-00242181-00242441 Korean diplomatic core having the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01093-00242441-00242753 initiative and leverage to negotiate on
DCEjnQEtmYu-01094-00242753-00243013 terms without seeking higher guidance?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01095-00243013-00243259 So in any system of government, ours
DCEjnQEtmYu-01096-00243259-00243451 included, there has to be some
DCEjnQEtmYu-01097-00243451-00243683 connection to the direction of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01098-00243683-00243854 ultimate leadership.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01099-00243854-00244142 In our case with separate branches
DCEjnQEtmYu-01100-00244142-00244373 government, that includes me being
DCEjnQEtmYu-01101-00244373-00244856 attentive to the interests of Congress,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01102-00244856-00244956 but ultimately I serve at the pleasure
DCEjnQEtmYu-01103-00244956-00245063 of president, Secretary of State, so I
DCEjnQEtmYu-01104-00245063-00245305 need to know that what I'm doing is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01105-00245305-00245590 consistent with the president's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01106-00245590-00245721 decisions on these policies.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01107-00245721-00245865 If that's the case in our system, which
DCEjnQEtmYu-01108-00245865-00246276 is a democratic system in which we have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01109-00246276-00246376 divided branches government, multiple
DCEjnQEtmYu-01110-00246376-00246476 voices in the democratic debate, it's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01111-00246476-00246577 all the more so in the North Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01112-00246577-00246759 system which really is a centralized
DCEjnQEtmYu-01113-00246759-00247079 rule where chairman Kim Jong-un runs
DCEjnQEtmYu-01114-00247079-00247323 that country in every dimension.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01115-00247323-00247563 And as such, as the leader North Korea,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01116-00247563-00247677 it's incumbent upon him to create the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01117-00247677-00248017 space that his negotiators have in order
DCEjnQEtmYu-01118-00248017-00248296 to enter into an discussion with us, in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01119-00248296-00248528 order to enter into the kind of of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01120-00248528-00248677 give-and-take that's necessary to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01121-00248677-00248820 explore solutions of the very
DCEjnQEtmYu-01122-00248820-00249009 complicated issues like the ones we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-01123-00249009-00249194 working on now.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01124-00249194-00249402 But that's also why it was so important
DCEjnQEtmYu-01125-00249402-00249698 for us to change the trajectory of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01126-00249698-00249883 diplomacy on the Korean peninsula with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01127-00249883-00250117 leader-to-leader engagement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01128-00250117-00250329 Hopefully what President Trump can do
DCEjnQEtmYu-01129-00250329-00250680 with chairman skim give chairman Kim the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01130-00250680-00250828 confidence that if he opens that space
DCEjnQEtmYu-01131-00250828-00251051 to his team, that he will find it will
DCEjnQEtmYu-01132-00251051-00251246 be a fruitful diplomatic process that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01133-00251246-00251378 will allow us both to Chief Executive
DCEjnQEtmYu-01134-00251378-00251608 our goals as -- achieve our goals as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01135-00251608-00251908 laid out in the Singapore summit just a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01136-00251908-00252008 year ago.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01137-00252008-00252480 So it is a strictly controlled system.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01138-00252480-00252627 It's a rigid system.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01139-00252627-00252973 It is leader driven in its entirety.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01140-00252973-00253350 But that also is why we think that it's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01141-00253350-00253643 a very constructive step forward for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01142-00253643-00253743 president to engage directly and try to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01143-00253743-00254000 create that diplomatic space for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01144-00254000-00254373 people inside the system.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01145-00254373-00254828 As a leader-driven system, it's also
DCEjnQEtmYu-01146-00254828-00255088 been clear that despite how closed off
DCEjnQEtmYu-01147-00255088-00255302 it is, we've been able to see that North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01148-00255302-00255467 Korea is a major violater of human
DCEjnQEtmYu-01149-00255467-00255667 rights, so in this case and with your
DCEjnQEtmYu-01150-00255667-00256051 educational, what place does human
DCEjnQEtmYu-01151-00256051-00256421 rights play in this sort of U.S. policy?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01152-00256421-00256833 So the United States, of course,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01153-00256833-00256983 assigns high value to human rights
DCEjnQEtmYu-01154-00256983-00257083 around the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01155-00257083-00257183 We have historically.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01156-00257183-00257385 It's part of the core of who we are.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01157-00257385-00257605 This has been an issue of some tension
DCEjnQEtmYu-01158-00257605-00257757 and discussion between the United States
DCEjnQEtmYu-01159-00257757-00257944 and North Korea over many years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01160-00257944-00258226 And it is and remains an issue of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01161-00258226-00258326 contention.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01162-00258326-00258575 The United States is not -- has not
DCEjnQEtmYu-01163-00258575-00258938 listen its voice through resolutions and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01164-00258938-00259121 international organizations, through
DCEjnQEtmYu-01165-00259121-00259365 corporation driven reporting process,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01166-00259365-00259635 and through the kind of designations
DCEjnQEtmYu-01167-00259635-00259820 that we undertake as the United States
DCEjnQEtmYu-01168-00259820-00259994 government not only to fulfill our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01169-00259994-00260148 ideals but to fulfill our laws.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01170-00260148-00260515 I should also be very clear that my
DCEjnQEtmYu-01171-00260515-00260840 negotiating priority is not human
DCEjnQEtmYu-01172-00260840-00260977 rights of North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01173-00260977-00261229 My negotiating priority starts with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01174-00261229-00261504 the elimination of the weapons of mass
DCEjnQEtmYu-01175-00261504-00261660 descrowcts Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01176-00261660-00261867 It sentenced into transforming
DCEjnQEtmYu-01177-00261867-00262108 relations, it sentenced into creating
DCEjnQEtmYu-01178-00262108-00262288 more peaceful and stable Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01179-00262288-00262547 peninsula and to addressing some of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01180-00262547-00262834 harder edges between our two societies
DCEjnQEtmYu-01181-00262834-00263038 that trace back all the way to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01182-00263038-00263138 Korean war.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01183-00263138-00263391 In this process we open up space for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01184-00263391-00263646 discussions on a number of i that have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01185-00263646-00263795 divided the United States and North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01186-00263795-00263915 Korea over many, many years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01187-00263915-00264063 We've got to start with the highest
DCEjnQEtmYu-01188-00264063-00264163 priority.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01189-00264163-00264501 We have to address all of our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01190-00264501-00264601 interests and ideals.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01191-00264601-00264701 And, of course,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01192-00264701-00264907 these negotiations and the United States
DCEjnQEtmYu-01193-00264907-00265225 needs to continue to give voice to I'm
DCEjnQEtmYu-01194-00265225-00265457 human rights around the world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01195-00265457-00265557 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-01196-00265557-00265767 Sir, do you think that this potential
DCEjnQEtmYu-01197-00265767-00265993 lowered U.S. operational readiness on
DCEjnQEtmYu-01198-00265993-00266212 the screek, screek talks need to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01199-00266212-00266312 progress?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01200-00266312-00266539 The question from the audience is would
DCEjnQEtmYu-01201-00266539-00266964 that also be possible to decrease the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01202-00266964-00267206 overall footprint of the U.S. military
DCEjnQEtmYu-01203-00267206-00267582 in South Korea in exchange for total
DCEjnQEtmYu-01204-00267582-00267682 denuclearization.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01205-00267682-00268135 We're well away from that, but
DCEjnQEtmYu-01206-00268135-00268511 certainly in my speech when I talk about
DCEjnQEtmYu-01207-00268511-00268896 the U.S. military presence can move away
DCEjnQEtmYu-01208-00268896-00269195 from being a state -- being in a state
DCEjnQEtmYu-01209-00269195-00269369 of preparedness and training for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01210-00269369-00269598 perpetual war to playing a constructive
DCEjnQEtmYu-01211-00269598-00269825 and stabilizing role towards a durable
DCEjnQEtmYu-01212-00269825-00270117 peace, it includes a lot of strategic
DCEjnQEtmYu-01213-00270117-00270338 reconsiderations that might be available
DCEjnQEtmYu-01214-00270338-00270620 to us as we make progress in all the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01215-00270620-00270720 issues I laid out.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01216-00270720-00270981 Again, we're a long way away from there.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01217-00270981-00271215 And I think we have to start with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01218-00271215-00271390 objective of solving the problem,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01219-00271390-00271638 lowering the threat, lowering the risk.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01220-00271638-00271898 Then we need to leave to it our military
DCEjnQEtmYu-01221-00271898-00272074 leaders to may be make a sober judgment
DCEjnQEtmYu-01222-00272074-00272368 on the level of risk and the appropriate
DCEjnQEtmYu-01223-00272368-00272649 response the United States has an an
DCEjnQEtmYu-01224-00272649-00272914 allied partner of South Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01225-00272914-00273511 But, of course, the forces are driven by
DCEjnQEtmYu-01226-00273511-00273611 the perception of threat.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01227-00273611-00273727 If we can address the threat, we give
DCEjnQEtmYu-01228-00273727-00274356 ourselves a lot more options.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01229-00274356-00274783 Going back to China, you spoke about
DCEjnQEtmYu-01230-00274783-00275068 forging ties with North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01231-00275068-00275540 Now, in your opinion, would China permit
DCEjnQEtmYu-01232-00275540-00275766 a border nation that they support to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01233-00275766-00276022 grow closer with the U.S.?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01234-00276022-00276513 And if so, how much closer, in your
DCEjnQEtmYu-01235-00276513-00276722 opinion?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01236-00276722-00277003 So I say China is 100% with us some
DCEjnQEtmYu-01237-00277003-00277103 of the way.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01238-00277103-00277203 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-01239-00277203-00277303 Not that far.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01240-00277303-00277403 That is not the way.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01241-00277403-00277737 We and China, we have a lot of issues,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01242-00277737-00277920 the miedz and China need to sort out as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01243-00277920-00278283 China rises and as we try to find a set
DCEjnQEtmYu-01244-00278283-00278688 of global norms that both of our nations
DCEjnQEtmYu-01245-00278688-00278873 are willing and able to support and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01246-00278873-00279070 abide by that will produce an
DCEjnQEtmYu-01247-00279070-00279206 opportunity for our peoples, our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01248-00279206-00279344 respective peoples to thrive.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01249-00279344-00279453 We're not there yet.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01250-00279453-00279811 That underlies a lot of the issues that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01251-00279811-00280009 Jenn theme underlies a lot of the issues
DCEjnQEtmYu-01252-00280009-00280462 and tension with China and those you are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01253-00280462-00280562 unresolved.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01254-00280562-00280870 Of course, China not welcome a U.S.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01255-00280870-00281117 military ally on its border, and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01256-00281117-00281324 Chinese have said as much in the past.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01257-00281324-00281604 But that's not our goal, either.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01258-00281604-00281872 So this isn't going to be a major point
DCEjnQEtmYu-01259-00281872-00282101 of contention.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01260-00282101-00282300 I think it's fair to say that the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01261-00282300-00282635 Chinese would judge that a stable and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01262-00282635-00282932 peaceful relationship between the United
DCEjnQEtmYu-01263-00282932-00283174 States and North Korea has attend
DCEjnQEtmYu-01264-00283174-00283377 benefits for the people's republic of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01265-00283377-00283477 China.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01266-00283477-00283657 I laid out some of the security benefit
DCEjnQEtmYu-01267-00283657-00283772 duty also the economic benefits a moment
DCEjnQEtmYu-01268-00283772-00283872 ago.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01269-00283872-00284192 The domestic benefits for that Ranger
DCEjnQEtmYu-01270-00284192-00284292 enormous.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01271-00284292-00284528 This part of China that neighbors the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01272-00284528-00284792 Korean peninsula is among the poorest
DCEjnQEtmYu-01273-00284792-00285084 areas of the people's republic of China.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01274-00285084-00285342 It's an industrial area, heavy
DCEjnQEtmYu-01275-00285342-00285645 industries that historically have been
DCEjnQEtmYu-01276-00285645-00285841 something of the industrial driver of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01277-00285841-00285968 China, but like so many of our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01278-00285968-00286361 industrial cities here in the midwest,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01279-00286361-00286723 time has taken its toll and an infusion
DCEjnQEtmYu-01280-00286723-00287079 of cross-board trade and economic
DCEjnQEtmYu-01281-00287079-00287203 invention would be hugely beneficial.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01282-00287203-00287303 The same for Russia.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01283-00287303-00287577 One of the most economically challenged
DCEjnQEtmYu-01284-00287577-00287796 of the Russian federation is the far
DCEjnQEtmYu-01285-00287796-00287904 east.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01286-00287904-00288143 Population is in declain client.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01287-00288143-00288448 Opening frayed and opportunity for that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01288-00288448-00288741 part of Russia would likewise be hugely
DCEjnQEtmYu-01289-00288741-00288841 beneficial.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01290-00288841-00289061 I talked about the opportunities for --
DCEjnQEtmYu-01291-00289061-00289290 I've talked about today about the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01292-00289290-00289560 opportunities for South Korea as well
DCEjnQEtmYu-01293-00289560-00289660 that would evolve from that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01294-00289660-00289760 You have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01295-00289760-00289860 to think about South Korea as an island.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01296-00289860-00290055 South Korea is one of the largest
DCEjnQEtmYu-01297-00290055-00290218 trading nations in the world, but
DCEjnQEtmYu-01298-00290218-00290507 there's not a single good that comes
DCEjnQEtmYu-01299-00290507-00290851 into or out of South Korea that isn't on
DCEjnQEtmYu-01300-00290851-00291023 a ship or an airplane.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01301-00291023-00291161 There's no land drops.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01302-00291161-00291369 South Korea is isolated from the rest of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01303-00291369-00291573 Asia by North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01304-00291573-00291767 Imagine the benefits that could come
DCEjnQEtmYu-01305-00291767-00292013 from an infrastructure that would be
DCEjnQEtmYu-01306-00292013-00292213 built across the Korean peninsula tying
DCEjnQEtmYu-01307-00292213-00292369 all of these economically challenged
DCEjnQEtmYu-01308-00292369-00292586 areas together along with infusions of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01309-00292586-00292808 international investment, international
DCEjnQEtmYu-01310-00292808-00293109 trade, the United States would engage
DCEjnQEtmYu-01311-00293109-00293209 economically.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01312-00293209-00293486 It's not -- it's a great outcome.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01313-00293486-00293830 But we have a lot of work to do to get
DCEjnQEtmYu-01314-00293830-00293930 there.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01315-00293930-00294189 And it's -- it is a lot of work, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01316-00294189-00294289 it's going to take us some time to get
DCEjnQEtmYu-01317-00294289-00294487 to that point, and the North Koreans are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01318-00294487-00294662 going to have to decide on what terms
DCEjnQEtmYu-01319-00294662-00294919 they want to enter that world, if that's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01320-00294919-00295472 the choice that they make, and we hope
DCEjnQEtmYu-01321-00295472-00295646 it is.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01322-00295646-00295866 All of this is premised upon also
DCEjnQEtmYu-01323-00295866-00295998 addressing the national security risk,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01324-00295998-00296202 and as an American diplomat I have to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01325-00296202-00296342 keep coming back to the central
DCEjnQEtmYu-01326-00296342-00296618 interests of the United States of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01327-00296618-00296859 America, which is to address the issue
DCEjnQEtmYu-01328-00296859-00297065 of weapons of mass destruction on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01329-00297065-00297165 Korean peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01330-00297165-00297265 None of this vision is going to really
DCEjnQEtmYu-01331-00297265-00297442 come to fruition if we can't make
DCEjnQEtmYu-01332-00297442-00297665 progress on that, but we have to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01333-00297665-00297832 convince the North Koreans is the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01334-00297832-00298140 benefit of that, is the future for North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01335-00298140-00298294 Korea for North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01336-00298294-00298564 That's what we're trying to do here.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01337-00298564-00298691 During your speech you talked about
DCEjnQEtmYu-01338-00298691-00298898 how the potential forral fail could
DCEjnQEtmYu-01339-00298898-00299213 result in increase proceed lifer as a in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01340-00299213-00299527 the regional if North Korea has able to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01341-00299527-00299794 develop and maintain a successful
DCEjnQEtmYu-01342-00299794-00299909 nuclear arsenal.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01343-00299909-00300202 The question is has the administration's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01344-00300202-00300464 calls for an increased burden sharing or
DCEjnQEtmYu-01345-00300464-00300674 at least that perception among allies,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01346-00300674-00300944 cast out on the long term U.S. extended
DCEjnQEtmYu-01347-00300944-00301141 deterrence policy, and does that have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01348-00301141-00301485 implications for long-term cooperation.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01349-00301485-00301790 We're not there yet and I don't
DCEjnQEtmYu-01350-00301790-00301890 expect we will get there.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01351-00301890-00302156 We will work closely with our allies to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01352-00302156-00302401 try to find a balanced solution to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01353-00302401-00302599 address usuals of burden sharing that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01354-00302599-00302791 have plagued the United States with its
DCEjnQEtmYu-01355-00302791-00302985 alliance partners around the world since
DCEjnQEtmYu-01356-00302985-00303099 World War II.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01357-00303099-00303251 The burden-sharing debate didn't begin
DCEjnQEtmYu-01358-00303251-00303661 in 2017 when President Trump took office
DCEjnQEtmYu-01359-00303661-00303761 office.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01360-00303761-00304163 I cut my teeth in Washington on European
DCEjnQEtmYu-01361-00304163-00304517 affairs for almost 15 years before I
DCEjnQEtmYu-01362-00304517-00304632 took on this portfolio.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01363-00304632-00304920 And I can tell you that the issue of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01364-00304920-00305100 defense spending in Europe has been a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01365-00305100-00305446 plague on the U.S. alliance with NATO
DCEjnQEtmYu-01366-00305446-00305733 practically since its very founding.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01367-00305733-00306152 And it's just an objective fact that in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01368-00306152-00306490 many cases the allies don't even meet
DCEjnQEtmYu-01369-00306490-00306742 the minimal commitment in defense
DCEjnQEtmYu-01370-00306742-00306842 spending that they committed to achieve
DCEjnQEtmYu-01371-00306842-00307092 in order to make those alliances real.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01372-00307092-00307360 The worst thing in the world for us
DCEjnQEtmYu-01373-00307360-00307464 would be to have an alliance
DCEjnQEtmYu-01374-00307464-00307697 relationship with a country in which we
DCEjnQEtmYu-01375-00307697-00307928 were tied to their national defense but
DCEjnQEtmYu-01376-00307928-00308043 they didn't take adequate steps
DCEjnQEtmYu-01377-00308043-00308187 themselves to defend themselves.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01378-00308187-00308470 And so what we want to see from all of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01379-00308470-00308571 our alliance partners is a full
DCEjnQEtmYu-01380-00308571-00308844 commitment in that regard.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01381-00308844-00309146 Certainly, a modicum of stability on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01382-00309146-00309416 proliferation front does come from
DCEjnQEtmYu-01383-00309416-00309629 confidence in the extended deterrence.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01384-00309629-00309817 But that extended deterrence can be
DCEjnQEtmYu-01385-00309817-00309973 brought into question for reasons on
DCEjnQEtmYu-01386-00309973-00310311 hern the failure of thal lions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01387-00310311-00310554 NATO was still a viable institution in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01388-00310554-00310811 the 1980s when the Soviet Union began to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01389-00310811-00311171 deploy new missile systems that were
DCEjnQEtmYu-01390-00311171-00311604 designed specifically to sever security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01391-00311604-00311818 ties between the United States and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01392-00311818-00311925 Europe.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01393-00311925-00312132 The Soviet Union sought in the 1980s to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01394-00312132-00312380 create a scenario in which one or the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01395-00312380-00312653 other might choose to sit it out in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01396-00312653-00312884 case of a war because it really wasn't
DCEjnQEtmYu-01397-00312884-00313095 their business, what was going on, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01398-00313095-00313390 they didn't want to take the hit if they
DCEjnQEtmYu-01399-00313390-00313554 stuck their nose into it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01400-00313554-00313752 President Reagan, work can with many of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01401-00313752-00314003 our European allies, president mitt
DCEjnQEtmYu-01402-00314003-00314229 rafned France, chancellor Cole of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01403-00314229-00314495 Germany, prime minister that Cher in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01404-00314495-00314722 Britain, made a very controversial
DCEjnQEtmYu-01405-00314722-00314953 decision to employ the Persian 2
DCEjnQEtmYu-01406-00314953-00315183 missile, deploy the euro missiles into
DCEjnQEtmYu-01407-00315183-00315392 Europe to signal the U.S. security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01408-00315392-00315836 against the face of external threat.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01409-00315836-00316020 These are the kind of debates that we
DCEjnQEtmYu-01410-00316020-00316300 put behind us at the end of the cold
DCEjnQEtmYu-01411-00316300-00316400 war.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01412-00316400-00316516 We were able to move into a much more
DCEjnQEtmYu-01413-00316516-00316763 optimistic posture ash the world, but we
DCEjnQEtmYu-01414-00316763-00317034 have seen the rise of new missile
DCEjnQEtmYu-01415-00317034-00317346 systems in other parts of the world, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01416-00317346-00317521 we've also seen development new
DCEjnQEtmYu-01417-00317521-00317867 capabilities like those in North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-01418-00317867-00318070 with its weapons of mass destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01419-00318070-00318295 Any foreign policy, any national
DCEjnQEtmYu-01420-00318295-00318611 security expert will tell you that this
DCEjnQEtmYu-01421-00318611-00318901 creates stresses on the strategic
DCEjnQEtmYu-01422-00318901-00319259 choices that every country in the region
DCEjnQEtmYu-01423-00319259-00319394 makes.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01424-00319394-00319522 And that's to everybody's detriment.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01425-00319522-00319747 We do not want more nuclear weapon
DCEjnQEtmYu-01426-00319747-00320038 states in the world, full stop.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01427-00320038-00320157 China doesn't, either.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01428-00320157-00320455 Russia doesn't want it, either.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01429-00320455-00320625 So we have to work together even with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01430-00320625-00320815 countries like China Russia.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01431-00320815-00321046 We have other areas of disagreement to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01432-00321046-00321386 sustain also this 50-year commitment of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01433-00321386-00321670 non-proliferation that arose out of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01434-00321670-00321806 non-proliferation treaty.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01435-00321806-00322165 Each time we confront a breach in that,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01436-00322165-00322421 we face the possibility of a dam burst,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01437-00322421-00322611 and so it's very much in our interests
DCEjnQEtmYu-01438-00322611-00322944 to cooperate and succeed not just on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01439-00322944-00323147 denuclearization of North Korea North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01440-00323147-00323264 Korea but in the broader sense in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01441-00323264-00323561 full sets of transformational steps that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01442-00323561-00323697 I described.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01443-00323697-00323975 I feel like you guys are asking me these
DCEjnQEtmYu-01444-00323975-00324075 questions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01445-00324075-00324204 I know they're coming from all of you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01446-00324204-00324429 But these are great questions, and thank
DCEjnQEtmYu-01447-00324429-00324610 you much, very much for them.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01448-00324610-00324836 These are all questions that we really
DCEjnQEtmYu-01449-00324836-00324996 are wrestling this.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01450-00324996-00325274 These are Reagan realtime.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01451-00325274-00325607 You should know that these questions
DCEjnQEtmYu-01452-00325607-00325750 you're asking are the same ones that are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01453-00325750-00325850 asked nide is halls of government eye
DCEjnQEtmYu-01454-00325850-00326136 daily basis, and we have to have answers
DCEjnQEtmYu-01455-00326136-00326426 to these because these are the stakes.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01456-00326426-00326526 So thank you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01457-00326526-00326626 Please go ahead.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01458-00326626-00326886 Let me undertake to say that we have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01459-00326886-00327189 dozens of questions here.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01460-00327189-00327289 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-01461-00327289-00327695 And we don't have time to -- for to you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01462-00327695-00327795 answer them, but we'll undertake to at
DCEjnQEtmYu-01463-00327795-00327980 least send you the questions so that you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01464-00327980-00328300 have a sense of the audience and the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01465-00328300-00328402 sense of what our students are thinking
DCEjnQEtmYu-01466-00328402-00328502 and others in the audience.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01467-00328502-00328602 We don't expect an answer, but just to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01468-00328602-00328702 give you a sense of the rest of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01469-00328702-00328802 audience because we're never going to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01470-00328802-00328902 get to all the questions.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01471-00328902-00329002 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-01472-00329002-00329577 Anyway here comes the next question.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01473-00329577-00329930 Perfect.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01474-00329930-00330410 Given the U.S. decision to pull out of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01475-00330410-00330791 the JCPOA agreement and with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01476-00330791-00330976 president calling it a one-sided
DCEjnQEtmYu-01477-00330976-00331420 transaction, at the same time President
DCEjnQEtmYu-01478-00331420-00331637 Trump announced a decision to remove
DCEjnQEtmYu-01479-00331637-00331843 additional sanctions from North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-01480-00331843-00332160 despite having violated UN security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01481-00332160-00332260 resolution -- violated UN security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01482-00332260-00332549 resolution and having conducted recent
DCEjnQEtmYu-01483-00332549-00332649 little before
DCEjnQEtmYu-01484-00332649-00332819 ballistic missile tests.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01485-00332819-00333181 How would you explain the source of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01486-00333181-00333432 disparate in foreign policy with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01487-00333432-00333736 approach between Iran and between North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01488-00333736-00333836 Korea?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01489-00333836-00333936 So just a slight correction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01490-00333936-00334264 I don't know if the transcription or a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01491-00334264-00334389 mistake in perception.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01492-00334389-00334679 We have not lifted any sanctions against
DCEjnQEtmYu-01493-00334679-00334829 North Korea at palm in fact, the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01494-00334829-00335488 sanctions of North Korea by the United
DCEjnQEtmYu-01495-00335488-00335588 Nations secure council are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01496-00335588-00335688 comprehensive.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01497-00335688-00335892 But this comes back to the issue of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01498-00335892-00336172 JCP oovment which is the larger issue --
DCEjnQEtmYu-01499-00336172-00336457 and it is to some degree the question
DCEjnQEtmYu-01500-00336457-00336620 answered a moment ago.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01501-00336620-00336956 Let me just say that we're going to have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01502-00336956-00337056 to do things differently.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01503-00337056-00337324 The mandate that I have and the mandate
DCEjnQEtmYu-01504-00337324-00337510 that the international community has
DCEjnQEtmYu-01505-00337510-00337776 agreed to in the UN security council
DCEjnQEtmYu-01506-00337776-00338056 resolutions dating back to 2:00 is the 2:00 2006 is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01507-00338056-00338278 the complete elimination of nuclear
DCEjnQEtmYu-01508-00338278-00338378 weapons.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01509-00338378-00338702 It's not the sus tension of uranium to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01510-00338702-00339000 test if and see if other elements in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01511-00339000-00339135 relationship with change.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01512-00339135-00339287 What we're trying to do with this
DCEjnQEtmYu-01513-00339287-00339695 diplomacy is transform the relations
DCEjnQEtmYu-01514-00339695-00339911 with North Korea in a way that also
DCEjnQEtmYu-01515-00339911-00340023 shifts incentives.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01516-00340023-00340205 When a country
DCEjnQEtmYu-01517-00340205-00340436 doesn't feel like it's at risk from
DCEjnQEtmYu-01518-00340436-00340730 invasion or a threat or hostile policies
DCEjnQEtmYu-01519-00340730-00341018 week can we work together with them to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01520-00341018-00341383 also address dangerous technologies like
DCEjnQEtmYu-01521-00341383-00341558 weapons of mass destruction that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01522-00341558-00341851 ironically are also the source of that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01523-00341851-00342037 risk and that hostility.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01524-00342037-00342350 We've got a lot of work to do with our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01525-00342350-00342575 counterparts in North Korea to test and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01526-00342575-00342781 see if this is possible.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01527-00342781-00342969 But what we're trying to do is much
DCEjnQEtmYu-01528-00342969-00343305 bigger than the JCPOA represented with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01529-00343305-00343756 Iran, and it's probably, not to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01530-00343756-00344053 foreshadow too much what my colleagues,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01531-00344053-00344239 it's probably very much the nature where
DCEjnQEtmYu-01532-00344239-00344534 we go with Iran if engagement does, in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01533-00344534-00344742 fact, begin between us and the Iranians.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01534-00344742-00344950 If I could, I'd like to interject a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01535-00344950-00345110 question to make sure we address a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01536-00345110-00345236 little bit of what's happening in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01537-00345236-00345519 Washington and what's different about
DCEjnQEtmYu-01538-00345519-00345622 this administration.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01539-00345622-00345748 You've got a lot of experience with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01540-00345748-00345941 George h W. and George W. Bush
DCEjnQEtmYu-01541-00345941-00346041 administrations.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01542-00346041-00346313 You were serving in Congressional roles
DCEjnQEtmYu-01543-00346313-00346550 throughout the Clinton years, certainly
DCEjnQEtmYu-01544-00346550-00346685 following and intimately familiar with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01545-00346685-00347336 the Obama administration.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01546-00347336-00347520 Each president is unique but this one is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01547-00347520-00347706 obviously so in om respects.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01548-00347706-00347979 And I want you, if you would, to tell as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01549-00347979-00348175 a little bit about how that empowers you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01550-00348175-00348481 in diplomacy and what are some ways in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01551-00348481-00348760 which it causes you to have to adjust to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01552-00348760-00348993 the way in which you conduct diplomacy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01553-00348993-00349239 Thank you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01554-00349239-00349410 In the case of North Korea, it probably
DCEjnQEtmYu-01555-00349410-00349785 offers some significant examples, to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01556-00349785-00349998 answer your question, because the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01557-00349998-00350184 president is personally invested in this
DCEjnQEtmYu-01558-00350184-00350284 policy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01559-00350284-00350398 President Trump very much feels
DCEjnQEtmYu-01560-00350398-00350699 ownership of the course of our diplomacy
DCEjnQEtmYu-01561-00350699-00350803 in North Korea.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01562-00350803-00351089 And he has personally given direction to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01563-00351089-00351275 me and to my team and to the secretary
DCEjnQEtmYu-01564-00351275-00351501 of state on where he wants to go and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01565-00351501-00351710 what he wants to do with this.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01566-00351710-00351963 As an aside, I am a public servant.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01567-00351963-00352132 I serve at the pleasure of the president
DCEjnQEtmYu-01568-00352132-00352232 and Secretary of State.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01569-00352232-00352421 But I also have to think he's right.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01570-00352421-00352690 I think what he's trying to do here is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01571-00352690-00352867 long overdue and I think there's a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01572-00352867-00353138 chance that we can do it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01573-00353138-00353531 And so that's also motivating, is when
DCEjnQEtmYu-01574-00353531-00354026 you are fully engaged with support of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01575-00354026-00354126 the policies, professionals in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01576-00354126-00354279 government work on all sorts of policies
DCEjnQEtmYu-01577-00354279-00354436 that they don't always agree on.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01578-00354436-00354705 I have the great opportunity to be right
DCEjnQEtmYu-01579-00354705-00355261 on the issue in the place I believe.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01580-00355261-00355496 Now, the advantages that have come from
DCEjnQEtmYu-01581-00355496-00355602 that, of course, the president in our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01582-00355602-00355764 system has cleared the space.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01583-00355764-00356027 The will the has given direction on what
DCEjnQEtmYu-01584-00356027-00356127 he wants done.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01585-00356127-00356235 That helps a lot.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01586-00356235-00356539 We have a big and sprawling government
DCEjnQEtmYu-01587-00356539-00356728 with a variety of views, well-informed
DCEjnQEtmYu-01588-00356728-00357103 views and well-substantiated scepticism
DCEjnQEtmYu-01589-00357103-00357344 or concern about various elements of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01590-00357344-00357534 policy, but when the president has
DCEjnQEtmYu-01591-00357534-00357756 provided the direction, that's kind of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01592-00357756-00358210 empowering, to Zais the least.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01593-00358210-00358310 The -- say the least.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01594-00358310-00358464 The president has consistently messaged
DCEjnQEtmYu-01595-00358464-00358890 to chairman Kim Jong-un his commitment
DCEjnQEtmYu-01596-00358890-00359172 to do this in a way that, as I
DCEjnQEtmYu-01597-00359172-00359377 described earlier, in our view is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01598-00359377-00359685 important to opening up and changing the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01599-00359685-00359947 direction in North Korea to meet us and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01600-00359947-00360078 to achieve these goals.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01601-00360078-00360243 Very important that's very important.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01602-00360243-00360531 Every time the president tweets, our
DCEjnQEtmYu-01603-00360531-00360842 counterparts in North Korea read it
DCEjnQEtmYu-01604-00360842-00360942 carefully.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01605-00360942-00361042 They study it closely.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01606-00361042-00361251 And the president has been consistent in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01607-00361251-00361461 his messaging about diplomatic
DCEjnQEtmYu-01608-00361461-00361561 opportunity.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01609-00361561-00361747 Some challenges do arise from this as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01610-00361747-00361847 well.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01611-00361847-00362043 We have -- it's no secret that it's been
DCEjnQEtmYu-01612-00362043-00362252 challenging to get the North Koreans to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01613-00362252-00362487 engage at the working level and do the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01614-00362487-00362700 real daltd negotiations that are going
DCEjnQEtmYu-01615-00362700-00363076 to be necessary to bring to life, to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01616-00363076-00363277 bring to reality the vision that the two
DCEjnQEtmYu-01617-00363277-00363420 leaders have laid out.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01618-00363420-00363592 They're going to have to work with us.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01619-00363592-00363876 These are complicated issues that that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01620-00363876-00364253 require enormous expertise and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01621-00364253-00364543 thoughtful, thoughtful exchange in order
DCEjnQEtmYu-01622-00364543-00364817 to realize solutions that are acceptable
DCEjnQEtmYu-01623-00364817-00364936 to both sides.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01624-00364936-00365097 It has to happen.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01625-00365097-00365465 And that's my message to you today is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01626-00365465-00365580 we've got to get this going.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01627-00365580-00366027 It's time for us to get started.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01628-00366027-00366127 The
DCEjnQEtmYu-01629-00366127-00366350 North Koreans, not surprisingly, have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01630-00366350-00366612 wanted to talk to the president, and so
DCEjnQEtmYu-01631-00366612-00366835 the Hanoi summit was an opportunity
DCEjnQEtmYu-01632-00366835-00367114 where the North Korean side brought
DCEjnQEtmYu-01633-00367114-00367367 their ideas directly to the president's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01634-00367367-00367571 meetings, and unfortunately it
DCEjnQEtmYu-01635-00367571-00367807 illustrated the challenges of reach an
DCEjnQEtmYu-01636-00367807-00367907 agreement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01637-00367907-00368010 We were unable to reach an agreement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01638-00368010-00368180 We haven't done the work necessary to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01639-00368180-00368321 really test these ideas and get
DCEjnQEtmYu-01640-00368321-00368616 sufficient feedback on ha was viable and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01641-00368616-00368723 what wasn't.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01642-00368723-00368925 The process isn't going to work unless
DCEjnQEtmYu-01643-00368925-00369181 it's got both the top and the bottom.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01644-00369181-00369358 The challenge, of course, is when the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01645-00369358-00369458 president is so directly associated with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01646-00369458-00369837 it, he's going to own that as well.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01647-00369837-00370076 It works.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01648-00370076-00370346 With the totality of circumstances that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01649-00370346-00370523 we have, it works.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01650-00370523-00370791 We have space for diplomacy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01651-00370791-00371110 We still have time to be able to resolve
DCEjnQEtmYu-01652-00371110-00371210 these issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01653-00371210-00371478 And I'm confident we can do it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01654-00371478-00371855 But I think it's quite clear in both my
DCEjnQEtmYu-01655-00371855-00372184 remarks and in my answer here, John,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01656-00372184-00372514 we've got to get going.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01657-00372514-00372614 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-01658-00372614-00372719 You discussed the good working
DCEjnQEtmYu-01659-00372719-00373053 relationship that you have with your
DCEjnQEtmYu-01660-00373053-00373179 counterparts in Russia and China, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01661-00373179-00373326 the question from the audience is how
DCEjnQEtmYu-01662-00373326-00373684 does the isolation of the North Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01663-00373684-00374070 diplomatic personnel working on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01664-00374070-00374788 negotiations impact the process and are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01665-00374788-00374888 there any -- that you can elaborate on?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01666-00374888-00374988 I know you didn't ask the question,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01667-00374988-00375115 but let me address it more generally.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01668-00375115-00375331 So North Korea has a ministry of foreign
DCEjnQEtmYu-01669-00375331-00375431 affairs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01670-00375431-00375636 It has very skilled diplomats p it's got
DCEjnQEtmYu-01671-00375636-00375808 seasoned negotiators who have worked
DCEjnQEtmYu-01672-00375808-00375991 with the United States on these issues
DCEjnQEtmYu-01673-00375991-00376098 for 25 years.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01674-00376098-00376286 In fact, some of the very people that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01675-00376286-00376462 we're working with today in a more
DCEjnQEtmYu-01676-00376462-00376684 junior capacity were involved in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01677-00376684-00376940 first iteration of these negotiations in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01678-00376940-00377124 the early 1990s.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01679-00377124-00377264 Framework negotiations they were called
DCEjnQEtmYu-01680-00377264-00377396 back then.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01681-00377396-00377776 And so North Korea has a set of skilled
DCEjnQEtmYu-01682-00377776-00378035 and experienced diplomats.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01683-00378035-00378184 North Korea has embassies around the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01684-00378184-00378284 world.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01685-00378284-00378410 They don't have an embassy here in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01686-00378410-00378570 United States of America but they do
DCEjnQEtmYu-01687-00378570-00378802 have a permanent representation, but the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01688-00378802-00379009 United Nations and New York, they have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01689-00379009-00379301 diplomats who live abroad, who work
DCEjnQEtmYu-01690-00379301-00379549 abroad, and they interact with many
DCEjnQEtmYu-01691-00379549-00379992 countries around the world on a daily
DCEjnQEtmYu-01692-00379992-00380092 basis.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01693-00380092-00380236 North Korea has a number of -- the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01694-00380236-00380427 North Korean government has a number of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01695-00380427-00380751 relationships historically that have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01696-00380751-00380926 been closer, including China, including
DCEjnQEtmYu-01697-00380926-00381064 Russia, including some of the other
DCEjnQEtmYu-01698-00381064-00381419 countries with whom it was in common
DCEjnQEtmYu-01699-00381419-00381636 cause during cold war.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01700-00381636-00381867 So Poland and the Czech Republic and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01701-00381867-00382063 Bulgaria and these countries still to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01702-00382063-00382354 this day have embassies in Pyongyang as,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01703-00382354-00382563 incidentally, do the Germans, the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01704-00382563-00382688 British, the French.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01705-00382688-00382928 Well, the French have a diplomatic
DCEjnQEtmYu-01706-00382928-00383124 representation and the Swedes and many
DCEjnQEtmYu-01707-00383124-00383224 other countries.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01708-00383224-00383843 So North Korea is definitely an insular
DCEjnQEtmYu-01709-00383843-00384091 government and it's very difficult for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01710-00384091-00384403 us to communicate directly with and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01711-00384403-00384520 speedily.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01712-00384520-00385013 But but I think both sides know each
DCEjnQEtmYu-01713-00385013-00385490 other very well and I and I know weave a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01714-00385490-00385651 lot of experience working together and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01715-00385651-00386563 there's a lot of work we can do together
DCEjnQEtmYu-01716-00386563-00386663 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-01717-00386663-00386763 More of a personal question.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01718-00386763-00386958 As a former we Wolverine what advice would
DCEjnQEtmYu-01719-00386958-00387154 you give to a current student to achieve
DCEjnQEtmYu-01720-00387154-00387508 a career in foreign policy such as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01721-00387508-00387608 yours?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01722-00387608-00387940 You already made the first important
DCEjnQEtmYu-01723-00387940-00388040 decision.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01724-00388040-00388140 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-01725-00388140-00388443 Being at a University of Michigan student.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01726-00388443-00388836 And I will say this, in all seriousness,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01727-00388836-00389149 having on my resume at a young age
DCEjnQEtmYu-01728-00389149-00389417 University of Michigan was a helpful and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01729-00389417-00389722 impressive credential, even when I had
DCEjnQEtmYu-01730-00389722-00390038 no experience in anything else.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01731-00390038-00390396 I can only tell you how I did it, for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01732-00390396-00390702 whoever is asking me that question, and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01733-00390702-00390941 there's no one way you can do it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01734-00390941-00391258 But what I -- over the course of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01735-00391258-00391607 years I had the opportunity to work very
DCEjnQEtmYu-01736-00391607-00391771 closely with the university in other
DCEjnQEtmYu-01737-00391771-00391871 capacities.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01738-00391871-00391992 For many years I was a board member of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01739-00391992-00392169 the Michigan and Washington program,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01740-00392169-00392443 which is the university's semester in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01741-00392443-00392730 Washington program where a cohort of 25
DCEjnQEtmYu-01742-00392730-00392954 to 30 students will to ... full semester
DCEjnQEtmYu-01743-00392954-00393221 coursework while interning, working in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01744-00393221-00393496 the institutional government, none of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01745-00393496-00393852 profit NGO, in Washington, DC.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01746-00393852-00394168 For those of you who might be interested
DCEjnQEtmYu-01747-00394168-00394336 in a career in waisht highly recommend
DCEjnQEtmYu-01748-00394336-00394698 that program you can still carry a full
DCEjnQEtmYu-01749-00394698-00395059 class load and you can have a very
DCEjnQEtmYu-01750-00395059-00395308 interesting career experience that opens
DCEjnQEtmYu-01751-00395308-00395564 doors for you later.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01752-00395564-00395779 So I'm no longer on the board of that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01753-00395779-00395986 I had to resign when I took this
DCEjnQEtmYu-01754-00395986-00396086 position.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01755-00396086-00396294 But the professor from the political
DCEjnQEtmYu-01756-00396294-00396591 science department now leads that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01757-00396591-00396691 program.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01758-00396691-00396971 We have a -- the university has a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01759-00396971-00397184 permanent team in Washington, DC.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01760-00397184-00397304 So that's an option.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01761-00397304-00397606 But I mentor, all of us who are on the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01762-00397606-00397712 board mentored Michigan students who
DCEjnQEtmYu-01763-00397712-00397864 came through and gave them career
DCEjnQEtmYu-01764-00397864-00397964 advice.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01765-00397964-00398064 My number one piece of career advice for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01766-00398064-00398211 any student who is getting ready to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01767-00398211-00398443 purchase sigh career in Washington is
DCEjnQEtmYu-01768-00398443-00398706 move to Washington.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01769-00398706-00398903 You can't phone it in.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01770-00398903-00399147 There is a land of constant opportunity.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01771-00399147-00399404 Jobs are opening and jobs are being
DCEjnQEtmYu-01772-00399404-00399642 filled on a constant basis, but being
DCEjnQEtmYu-01773-00399642-00399747 there is half of it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01774-00399747-00399895 You have to take a chance.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01775-00399895-00400125 But chances are if you're a student at
DCEjnQEtmYu-01776-00400125-00400336 this university, you have a friend or a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01777-00400336-00400558 former roommate or a classmate who has
DCEjnQEtmYu-01778-00400558-00400809 got an apartment, who has got an open
DCEjnQEtmYu-01779-00400809-00400909 couch.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01780-00400909-00401053 You can get out there and you can knock
DCEjnQEtmYu-01781-00401053-00401167 on doors.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01782-00401167-00401391 Second is ask people for help.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01783-00401391-00401713 All of us, myself included, somebody
DCEjnQEtmYu-01784-00401713-00401893 helped give us a leg up in our careers.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01785-00401893-00402079 When I went out to Washington, DC, I
DCEjnQEtmYu-01786-00402079-00402255 knocked on doors, some people were kind
DCEjnQEtmYu-01787-00402255-00402464 enough to sit down, spend a little bit
DCEjnQEtmYu-01788-00402464-00402766 of time with me, and they did it because
DCEjnQEtmYu-01789-00402766-00402916 there's a lot of interest in helping
DCEjnQEtmYu-01790-00402916-00403207 young people and it's a great spirit in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01791-00403207-00403417 Washington but they also did it in many
DCEjnQEtmYu-01792-00403417-00403542 cases because that's what someone did
DCEjnQEtmYu-01793-00403542-00403738 for them when they got their start.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01794-00403738-00403950 And so they're willing to do it as I'm
DCEjnQEtmYu-01795-00403950-00404111 willing to do it, as I have done over
DCEjnQEtmYu-01796-00404111-00404411 many, many years with other students as
DCEjnQEtmYu-01797-00404411-00404716 well but with a particular bias towards
DCEjnQEtmYu-01798-00404716-00405034 University of Michigan students.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01799-00405034-00405134 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-01800-00405134-00405486 I guess that's how I got my start.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01801-00405486-00405875 I started out on Capitol Hill.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01802-00405875-00406147 And I know the Congress is the subject
DCEjnQEtmYu-01803-00406147-00406247 of a lot of derision.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01804-00406247-00406510 I know that the political stalemate and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01805-00406510-00406767 the caustic nature of our politics takes
DCEjnQEtmYu-01806-00406767-00406873 some of the shine off of it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01807-00406873-00407087 It is a great place to start your
DCEjnQEtmYu-01808-00407087-00407187 career.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01809-00407187-00407398 You will find that you can match up with
DCEjnQEtmYu-01810-00407398-00407628 a member of Congress or senator whose
DCEjnQEtmYu-01811-00407628-00407928 policies you support, whose issues you
DCEjnQEtmYu-01812-00407928-00408159 can be passionate about, and it's a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01813-00408159-00408338 great upwardly mobile place.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01814-00408338-00408517 Virtually everyone who starts here I
DCEjnQEtmYu-01815-00408517-00408692 don't know care what your degree,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01816-00408692-00409018 everyone starts as a staff assistant, a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01817-00409018-00409325 phone answerer, a secretary, but the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01818-00409325-00409638 advancement is fast because there's
DCEjnQEtmYu-01819-00409638-00409871 constant turnover as young people are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01820-00409871-00410006 moving to other jobs, other
DCEjnQEtmYu-01821-00410006-00410160 opportunities, grad school and oh on.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01822-00410160-00410414 It was a great place for me to start and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01823-00410414-00410514 that worked for me.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01824-00410514-00410637 But there's other great ways to start
DCEjnQEtmYu-01825-00410637-00410747 your job.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01826-00410747-00410868 Of course, the sphorn service exam for
DCEjnQEtmYu-01827-00410868-00411116 those of you who are interested in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01828-00411116-00411483 international relations, take the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01829-00411483-00411638 foreign service exam.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01830-00411638-00411933 It's the doorway into our professional
DCEjnQEtmYu-01831-00411933-00412033 diplomatic core.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01832-00412033-00412305 And by the way, it's a start to a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01833-00412305-00412405 tremendous career opportunity,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01834-00412405-00412643 particularly for young people to see a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01835-00412643-00412927 lot of the world and to work on behalf
DCEjnQEtmYu-01836-00412927-00413027 of their country.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01837-00413027-00413127 So I commend that to you as well.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01838-00413127-00413363 I'm not going to go on too much more
DCEjnQEtmYu-01839-00413363-00413572 with that, but you have a lot of great
DCEjnQEtmYu-01840-00413572-00413689 reseizures sources in the university --
DCEjnQEtmYu-01841-00413689-00413789 resources in the university.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01842-00413789-00414046 My search started at the career planning
DCEjnQEtmYu-01843-00414046-00414146 office.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01844-00414146-00414313 I looked at the public service
DCEjnQEtmYu-01845-00414313-00414452 internship program.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01846-00414452-00414564 We didn't have the Michigan in
DCEjnQEtmYu-01847-00414564-00414902 Washington seminar program when I was a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01848-00414902-00415002 student here, but it's a tremendous
DCEjnQEtmYu-01849-00415002-00415179 resource for the student body now.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01850-00415179-00415318 You have a lot of options.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01851-00415318-00416016 Just have to go out and find them.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01852-00416016-00416116 .
DCEjnQEtmYu-01853-00416116-00416216 Sir, given the public nature of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01854-00416216-00416333 ongoing negotiations and difficult
DCEjnQEtmYu-01855-00416333-00416533 problems, implications across the U.S.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01856-00416533-00416914 interagency team, can you expand on your
DCEjnQEtmYu-01857-00416914-00417250 role, especially unique role how it
DCEjnQEtmYu-01858-00417250-00417531 interacts with its national security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01859-00417531-00417756 experts broader U.S. government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01860-00417756-00417902 The national security council plays a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01861-00417902-00418214 hugely important role in this, in any
DCEjnQEtmYu-01862-00418214-00418354 foreign policy issue.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01863-00418354-00418568 It is the location where all the views
DCEjnQEtmYu-01864-00418568-00418817 of the agencies are consolidated and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01865-00418817-00419143 synthesize into what want you hopes is a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01866-00419143-00419337 coherent policy, and so we have a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01867-00419337-00419464 process inside the national security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01868-00419464-00419676 council that I attend on behalf of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01869-00419676-00419888 department of state at times usually
DCEjnQEtmYu-01870-00419888-00420096 with the deputy Secretary of State.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01871-00420096-00420279 For those of you who are a little bit
DCEjnQEtmYu-01872-00420279-00420500 more informed of the ways of Washington,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01873-00420500-00420738 you know that the MSC actually is a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01874-00420738-00420838 stratified organization.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01875-00420838-00421007 It has the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01876-00421007-00421117 principles, which is a national security
DCEjnQEtmYu-01877-00421117-00421289 adviser, the Secretary of State,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01878-00421289-00421487 secretary defense, CIA director.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01879-00421487-00421618 It's got to departments which are the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01880-00421618-00421834 number 2ness each of those agencies and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01881-00421834-00422105 it's got a whole set of foreign policy
DCEjnQEtmYu-01882-00422105-00422371 professionals in different rairchtionz
DCEjnQEtmYu-01883-00422371-00422664 assistant scerts, deputy assistant
DCEjnQEtmYu-01884-00422664-00422883 secretaries, et cetera.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01885-00422883-00423033 So it's a layer dollars process and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01886-00423033-00423195 ultimately at the top is the national
DCEjnQEtmYu-01887-00423195-00423392 security council, and really the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01888-00423392-00423627 national security council is not the MSC
DCEjnQEtmYu-01889-00423627-00423727 staff.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01890-00423727-00423827 National security council is the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01891-00423827-00423927 president of the United States with his
DCEjnQEtmYu-01892-00423927-00424085 or her national security team
DCEjnQEtmYu-01893-00424085-00424327 surrounding them to discuss issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01894-00424327-00424577 So that process brings all those views
DCEjnQEtmYu-01895-00424577-00424722 from all those agencies in, and my
DCEjnQEtmYu-01896-00424722-00424959 issue, the issue I work on cuts cross
DCEjnQEtmYu-01897-00424959-00425164 eye lot of parts of of the federal
DCEjnQEtmYu-01898-00425164-00425264 government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01899-00425264-00425654 North Korea touches on economics and
DCEjnQEtmYu-01900-00425654-00425812 trade and sanctions, treasury
DCEjnQEtmYu-01901-00425812-00425912 department, Congress department are
DCEjnQEtmYu-01902-00425912-00426041 deeply involved in North Korea policy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01903-00426041-00426373 Of course the Department of Defense, all
DCEjnQEtmYu-01904-00426373-00426542 of the attendant issues related to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01905-00426542-00426642 nation security.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01906-00426642-00426923 If presence of U.S. troops the in Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01907-00426923-00427138 peninsula to our deterrent on the Korean
DCEjnQEtmYu-01908-00427138-00427238 peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01909-00427238-00427355 We have a lot of parts of the department
DCEjnQEtmYu-01910-00427355-00427627 of state hav to come to the table
DCEjnQEtmYu-01911-00427627-00427797 through our deputy secretary John
DCEjnQEtmYu-01912-00427797-00428010 Sullivan or myself at these meetings.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01913-00428010-00428146 Then, of course, you of the NFC staff
DCEjnQEtmYu-01914-00428146-00428400 which is comprised of a lot of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01915-00428400-00428500 professionals.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01916-00428500-00428725 Not surprisingly, there are differences
DCEjnQEtmYu-01917-00428725-00428863 views.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01918-00428863-00429059 There People have different responsibilities.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01919-00429059-00429334 They have different experiences.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01920-00429334-00429617 They have different points of view.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01921-00429617-00430058 And the goal of the NFC is to coherently
DCEjnQEtmYu-01922-00430058-00430221 forge that into a set of policies that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01923-00430221-00430489 can be recommended to the president of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01924-00430489-00430589 the United States.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01925-00430589-00430689 On its a push and a pull.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01926-00430689-00430839 I talked about my issue and the issue
DCEjnQEtmYu-01927-00430839-00431216 I've been asked to serve, North Korea,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01928-00431216-00431350 as one that has a lot of push because
DCEjnQEtmYu-01929-00431350-00431576 the president has set out what he wants
DCEjnQEtmYu-01930-00431576-00431676 food.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01931-00431676-00431925 What we're trying to do is how to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01932-00431925-00432143 succeed in the plam terrace of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01933-00432143-00432291 president how they play out for North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01934-00432291-00432535 Korean policy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01935-00432535-00432956 . Of This can be consent shus.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01936-00432956-00433056 It has been across administrations.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01937-00433056-00433156 You
DCEjnQEtmYu-01938-00433156-00433422 have people here in this room with me
DCEjnQEtmYu-01939-00433422-00433671 who, like me, have served at these
DCEjnQEtmYu-01940-00433671-00433833 levels of government and have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01941-00433833-00433987 participated in that process.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01942-00433987-00434179 Obviously, it should be easy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01943-00434179-00434279 These are heady issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01944-00434279-00434409 These are important issues.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01945-00434409-00434762 We want to hear a wide set of points of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01946-00434762-00434862 view.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01947-00434862-00434983 I think it serves the president, serves
DCEjnQEtmYu-01948-00434983-00435300 the country to have those all vetted.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01949-00435300-00435400 And our North Korea policy, I think we
DCEjnQEtmYu-01950-00435400-00435781 have a strong policy and I think we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-01951-00435781-00436176 serving the president very well.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01952-00436176-00436725 Now, given the timing of the -- of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01953-00436725-00437260 the Vietnam summit and considering the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01954-00437260-00437489 fact that not long afterwards North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01955-00437489-00437877 Korea began to test more short-range
DCEjnQEtmYu-01956-00437877-00438427 missiles, what effect have those actions
DCEjnQEtmYu-01957-00438427-00438825 by the North Koreans had on our most
DCEjnQEtmYu-01958-00438825-00438968 recent educational with them?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01959-00438968-00439321 -- our most recent educational dealings with them?
DCEjnQEtmYu-01960-00439321-00440046 So our view is that the most
DCEjnQEtmYu-01961-00440046-00440146 important thing we can do in North Korea
DCEjnQEtmYu-01962-00440146-00440442 is to set aside any vestiges of hostel
DCEjnQEtmYu-01963-00440442-00440785 behavior and engage in the kind of
DCEjnQEtmYu-01964-00440785-00440948 diplomacy that's going to be necessary
DCEjnQEtmYu-01965-00440948-00441122 to build a stronger understanding and a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01966-00441122-00441402 address the full range of the threats
DCEjnQEtmYu-01967-00441402-00441660 and risk on the Korean panes law.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01968-00441660-00441766 We peninsula.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01969-00441766-00442060 In recent weeks and recent months there
DCEjnQEtmYu-01970-00442060-00442293 has been a lot of talk about short range
DCEjnQEtmYu-01971-00442293-00442510 ballistic missiles by a of the North
DCEjnQEtmYu-01972-00442510-00442678 Korean test, but this is against a
DCEjnQEtmYu-01973-00442678-00443212 backdrop of a system that's also tested
DCEjnQEtmYu-01974-00443212-00443455 intermediate range ballistic missiles,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01975-00443455-00443710 intercontinental ballistic missiles,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01976-00443710-00444000 that is clearly in possession of nuclear
DCEjnQEtmYu-01977-00444000-00444293 ceaps with the demonstrated testing that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01978-00444293-00444733 has been done a couple of years ago,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01979-00444733-00445008 that's been reaching nuclear materials
DCEjnQEtmYu-01980-00445008-00445348 in order to -- raw material in order to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01981-00445348-00445612 build weapons.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01982-00445612-00445858 And also it's widely reported to have
DCEjnQEtmYu-01983-00445858-00446035 chemical and biological weapons
DCEjnQEtmYu-01984-00446035-00446135 programs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01985-00446135-00446282 So the threat is there.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01986-00446282-00446548 The risk is there.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01987-00446548-00446927 The challenge is to find a way through
DCEjnQEtmYu-01988-00446927-00447110 diplomacy to resolve it.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01989-00447110-00447308 And the president has made clear that
DCEjnQEtmYu-01990-00447308-00447509 the short range ballistic missiles don't
DCEjnQEtmYu-01991-00447509-00447743 make him heap but it's not going to
DCEjnQEtmYu-01992-00447743-00448064 disrupt our efforts in order to engage
DCEjnQEtmYu-01993-00448064-00448397 diplomacy to resolve the very issues
DCEjnQEtmYu-01994-00448397-00448568 that we're referring to.
DCEjnQEtmYu-01995-00448568-00448909 So these are the kind of of things,
DCEjnQEtmYu-01996-00448909-00449133 though, that also challenge the
DCEjnQEtmYu-01997-00449133-00449338 diplomatic space we have in which we
DCEjnQEtmYu-01998-00449338-00449914 have to operate weeks expo there's a, and so
DCEjnQEtmYu-01999-00449914-00450114 there's a whole set of circumstances we
DCEjnQEtmYu-02000-00450114-00450214 have to manage bilaterally, at home,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02001-00450214-00450345 domestically in the interaction with
DCEjnQEtmYu-02002-00450345-00450633 our corporation, with our press, with
DCEjnQEtmYu-02003-00450633-00450825 our expert community in national
DCEjnQEtmYu-02004-00450825-00451039 security.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02005-00451039-00451422 It's a surprise maintain, and --
DCEjnQEtmYu-02006-00451422-00451546 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-02007-00451546-00451985 -- and we're just going to do our very
DCEjnQEtmYu-02008-00451985-00452214 best to work with it help?
DCEjnQEtmYu-02009-00452214-00452480 This is the last question from the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02010-00452480-00452580 audience.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02011-00452580-00452791 As you seek and the administration seeks
DCEjnQEtmYu-02012-00452791-00452964 transformational change between the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02013-00452964-00453166 relationship between the U.S. and North
DCEjnQEtmYu-02014-00453166-00453405 Korea, if you could just speak or expand
DCEjnQEtmYu-02015-00453405-00453625 on the importance of verification
DCEjnQEtmYu-02016-00453625-00453875 monitoring and what steps are being
DCEjnQEtmYu-02017-00453875-00454127 taken in the process to ensure that
DCEjnQEtmYu-02018-00454127-00454280 actions are enforceable in the final
DCEjnQEtmYu-02019-00454280-00454380 agreement.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02020-00454380-00454496 We haven't gotten to a point in
DCEjnQEtmYu-02021-00454496-00454858 negotiations where we have discussed in
DCEjnQEtmYu-02022-00454858-00455081 detail an agreement on verification
DCEjnQEtmYu-02023-00455081-00455181 measures.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02024-00455181-00455437 But suffice it to say, meaningful and
DCEjnQEtmYu-02025-00455437-00455705 verifiable steps are going to be
DCEjnQEtmYu-02026-00455705-00455957 necessary for us to be convince that had
DCEjnQEtmYu-02027-00455957-00456096 we have made the progress that we need
DCEjnQEtmYu-02028-00456096-00456272 to make on the elimination of weapons of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02029-00456272-00456372 mass destruction.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02030-00456372-00456495 It's not going to be easy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02031-00456495-00456697 Again, it's going to be another issue
DCEjnQEtmYu-02032-00456697-00456923 that's going to be challenging for us to
DCEjnQEtmYu-02033-00456923-00457055 resolve.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02034-00457055-00457242 But there's an absolute international
DCEjnQEtmYu-02035-00457242-00457493 consensus, including our partners in
DCEjnQEtmYu-02036-00457493-00457706 China and Russia that verification has
DCEjnQEtmYu-02037-00457706-00457991 to be part of any meaningful steps on
DCEjnQEtmYu-02038-00457991-00458091 denuclearization.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02039-00458091-00458201 We're going to have to work to figure
DCEjnQEtmYu-02040-00458201-00458301 out how to do that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02041-00458301-00458401 That's something that's going to be an
DCEjnQEtmYu-02042-00458401-00458501 important part of our negotiation, but
DCEjnQEtmYu-02043-00458501-00458601 we don't have an agreement yet that
DCEjnQEtmYu-02044-00458601-00459129 would lead me to the confidence to say
DCEjnQEtmYu-02045-00459129-00459782 that we can do that.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02046-00459782-00460028 So just a question about process,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02047-00460028-00460216 which is often very important for
DCEjnQEtmYu-02048-00460216-00460316 foreign policy.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02049-00460316-00460530 Could you talk a little bit about your
DCEjnQEtmYu-02050-00460530-00460630 team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02051-00460630-00460835 You've mentioned your team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02052-00460835-00460988 Who are they?
DCEjnQEtmYu-02053-00460988-00461447 And how do you -- what do you do day by
DCEjnQEtmYu-02054-00461447-00461547 day?
DCEjnQEtmYu-02055-00461547-00461797 What's sort of the pace of work when
DCEjnQEtmYu-02056-00461797-00462004 you're dealing with an issue like this,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02057-00462004-00462310 which is very tight and focused?
DCEjnQEtmYu-02058-00462310-00462847 Let me take this as an opportunity to
DCEjnQEtmYu-02059-00462847-00463218 give credit where credit's due.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02060-00463218-00463320 The president has obviously
DCEjnQEtmYu-02061-00463320-00463591 entrusted and the Secretary of State has
DCEjnQEtmYu-02062-00463591-00463814 entrusted in me an important priority in
DCEjnQEtmYu-02063-00463814-00464072 U.S. national security, but I could not
DCEjnQEtmYu-02064-00464072-00464293 do this with without a team of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02065-00464293-00464598 professionals working with me both
DCEjnQEtmYu-02066-00464598-00464807 inside my organization, inside the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02067-00464807-00465132 department of state, but also we have a
DCEjnQEtmYu-02068-00465132-00465232 second team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02069-00465232-00465342 We really have two teams.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02070-00465342-00465553 The second one is our negotiating team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02071-00465553-00465768 On the first inside the department of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02072-00465768-00465953 state you have a mixed of foreign
DCEjnQEtmYu-02073-00465953-00466398 service officers of civil service
DCEjnQEtmYu-02074-00466398-00466735 experts in their field and also some
DCEjnQEtmYu-02075-00466735-00467208 people who came from outside, political
DCEjnQEtmYu-02076-00467208-00467479 appointees in the department, and they
DCEjnQEtmYu-02077-00467479-00467579 work tirelessly.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02078-00467579-00467742 There's a tremendous, tremendously
DCEjnQEtmYu-02079-00467742-00467971 talented, motivated group of people,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02080-00467971-00468188 many of them young, and the hours they
DCEjnQEtmYu-02081-00468188-00468589 work and the commitment they make and
DCEjnQEtmYu-02082-00468589-00468896 the rewards, financial rewards compared
DCEjnQEtmYu-02083-00468896-00469154 to my experience in the private sector,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02084-00469154-00469421 it's just intimidating to see, really
DCEjnQEtmYu-02085-00469421-00469521 tremendous talents.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02086-00469521-00469778 We get -- don't ever lose faith in your
DCEjnQEtmYu-02087-00469778-00469878 government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02088-00469878-00470014 We get the best and the brightest and we
DCEjnQEtmYu-02089-00470014-00470246 have a bunch of them, and I'm fortunate
DCEjnQEtmYu-02090-00470246-00470558 to have them on my team working on this
DCEjnQEtmYu-02091-00470558-00470770 issue on behalf you all, on behalf of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02092-00470770-00470927 our secretary and our president, on
DCEjnQEtmYu-02093-00470927-00471033 behalf of our people.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02094-00471033-00471421 We have a negotiating team that we
DCEjnQEtmYu-02095-00471421-00471525 brought onboard.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02096-00471525-00471939 We have saw the to draw from the best
DCEjnQEtmYu-02097-00471939-00472132 resources across the government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02098-00472132-00472477 So we have the best gliewpt United
DCEjnQEtmYu-02099-00472477-00472577 States government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02100-00472577-00472825 We have the chief scientist of the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02101-00472825-00473071 department of energy and the University
DCEjnQEtmYu-02102-00473071-00473296 of Michigan graduate, I found out.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02103-00473296-00473648 I have two Ohio state Buckeyes on my
DCEjnQEtmYu-02104-00473648-00473748 team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02105-00473748-00473848 [Laughter]
DCEjnQEtmYu-02106-00473848-00473948 Who are tremendous, incidentally.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02107-00473948-00474146 We have representatives at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02108-00474146-00474302 department of treasure.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02109-00474302-00474470 We have representatives at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02110-00474470-00474603 Department of Defense.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02111-00474603-00474926 And we brought all this to bear in our
DCEjnQEtmYu-02112-00474926-00475225 discussions with the North Koreans.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02113-00475225-00475439 We invited them to engage us with the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02114-00475439-00475718 same level of expertise in the same
DCEjnQEtmYu-02115-00475718-00476141 breath, and to date I can tell you one
DCEjnQEtmYu-02116-00476141-00476268 of the frustrations has been that the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02117-00476268-00476433 North Koreans have not brought the same
DCEjnQEtmYu-02118-00476433-00476614 level of expertise to the table, and as
DCEjnQEtmYu-02119-00476614-00476832 a consequence we know a lot more about
DCEjnQEtmYu-02120-00476832-00477072 some of the things that we're
DCEjnQEtmYu-02121-00477072-00477172 negotiating with that are in their
DCEjnQEtmYu-02122-00477172-00477360 country than they have known at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02123-00477360-00477659 table, and that makes it challenging
DCEjnQEtmYu-02124-00477659-00477759 too.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02125-00477759-00477921 But it's always an honor to serve our
DCEjnQEtmYu-02126-00477921-00478242 country, and I am deeply grateful to the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02127-00478242-00478516 president and the Secretary of State for
DCEjnQEtmYu-02128-00478516-00478749 giving me this opportunity.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02129-00478749-00479010 For me, it's a return to government.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02130-00479010-00479271 For those men and women who are
DCEjnQEtmYu-02131-00479271-00479614 tirelessly working every day, my hat's
DCEjnQEtmYu-02132-00479614-00479714 off to them.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02133-00479714-00479912 It is a great great team.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02134-00479912-00480177 This is wonderful and we greatly
DCEjnQEtmYu-02135-00480177-00480377 appreciate you sharing all of these
DCEjnQEtmYu-02136-00480377-00480477 insights.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02137-00480477-00480713 I particularly appreciate the fact that
DCEjnQEtmYu-02138-00480713-00481005 you have discussed a whole number of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02139-00481005-00481158 different levels or are forums in which
DCEjnQEtmYu-02140-00481158-00481263 diplomacy occurs.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02141-00481263-00481450 It occurs working with your team in a
DCEjnQEtmYu-02142-00481450-00481689 complex interagency process in a set of
DCEjnQEtmYu-02143-00481689-00481879 relationships with alloys, ultimately
DCEjnQEtmYu-02144-00481879-00482018 also, of course, with the nowshans North
DCEjnQEtmYu-02145-00482018-00482221 Koreans.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02146-00482221-00482347 In a moment I'll ask the audience to
DCEjnQEtmYu-02147-00482347-00482467 join me in thanking you.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02148-00482467-00482918 First I want to thank the Weitzer family
DCEjnQEtmYu-02149-00482918-00483250 again for making possible for the Ford
DCEjnQEtmYu-02150-00483250-00483517 school to welcome leaders in the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02151-00483517-00483731 practice of foreign affairs to come to
DCEjnQEtmYu-02152-00483731-00483985 campus and share insights that we are
DCEjnQEtmYu-02153-00483985-00484210 sure are very helpful to those of you
DCEjnQEtmYu-02154-00484210-00484310 who are interested until the topic or
DCEjnQEtmYu-02155-00484310-00484521 those of you who plan to be
DCEjnQEtmYu-02156-00484521-00484621 practitioners yourselves.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02157-00484621-00484833 The second is to draw your attention
DCEjnQEtmYu-02158-00484833-00485054 again, as Dean Michael said at the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02159-00485054-00485263 outset, to the array of activity we have
DCEjnQEtmYu-02160-00485263-00485458 coming this fall and beyond.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02161-00485458-00485801 We have a simple website to remember,
DCEjnQEtmYu-02162-00485801-00485917 diplomacyUmichigan.edu.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02163-00485917-00486137 Come visit us in Weill hall.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02164-00486137-00486421 Come is on see many of the other
DCEjnQEtmYu-02165-00486421-00486550 interesting events we have from public
DCEjnQEtmYu-02166-00486550-00486863 forums to student-focused simulations
DCEjnQEtmYu-02167-00486863-00487084 and workshops and a whole array of other
DCEjnQEtmYu-02168-00487084-00487359 opportunities that the Weiser diplomacy
DCEjnQEtmYu-02169-00487359-00487589 center is able to make available for the
DCEjnQEtmYu-02170-00487589-00487758 University have Michigan community.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02171-00487758-00487956 And so in a moment we'll start a
DCEjnQEtmYu-02172-00487956-00488146 reception across the hall, but before we
DCEjnQEtmYu-02173-00488146-00488291 head over there, can you please Ontario
DCEjnQEtmYu-02174-00488291-00488417 me in thanking Steve bieng for being
DCEjnQEtmYu-02175-00488417-00488517 here.
DCEjnQEtmYu-02176-00488517-00488517 [Applause]
DEMtNaKZm98-00000-00000052-00000279 I'm the middle-class rapper
DEMtNaKZm98-00001-00000361-00001134 Hi there. My name's James I'm the middle-class rapper and welcome to another broadcast from the Ministry of Silly exercises.
DEMtNaKZm98-00002-00001192-00001542 Exercises using either body weight or things you would definitely have in your house.
DEMtNaKZm98-00003-00001686-00002021 Obviously you do these exercises at your own risk, if unsure please consult a doctor.
DEMtNaKZm98-00004-00002266-00002455 We would always advise
DEMtNaKZm98-00005-00002455-00003185 wearing your wife's dressing gown with your dressing hand cord and her flip-flops when we're doing this particular exercises
DEMtNaKZm98-00006-00003240-00003440 using a second hand
DEMtNaKZm98-00007-00003463-00003663 massive slide
DEMtNaKZm98-00008-00003682-00004095 Okay. So the first exercise is the step ups and down is
DEMtNaKZm98-00009-00004257-00004405 Working
DEMtNaKZm98-00010-00004405-00004853 The muscles of the it's early don't put you back outo. Yes
DEMtNaKZm98-00011-00004948-00005396 So just you can go up and down one step or you can do the two step
DEMtNaKZm98-00012-00005464-00006141 Make sure you've got a good firm grasp. Keep your head up. Nice straight back and make sure you've got pants on
DEMtNaKZm98-00013-00006193-00006395 So not to terrify the neighbors
DEMtNaKZm98-00014-00006531-00006731 Nice - steady
DEMtNaKZm98-00015-00006886-00007086 Okay, then move on to the next exercise
DEMtNaKZm98-00016-00007183-00007372 this is the
DEMtNaKZm98-00017-00007372-00007841 Slide. Yes, he'll walk at us in flip flops exercise
DEMtNaKZm98-00018-00007918-00008120 working the back of the leg is
DEMtNaKZm98-00019-00008454-00008732 Obviously if your gym is closed due to the
DEMtNaKZm98-00020-00008809-00008943 coronavirus
DEMtNaKZm98-00021-00008943-00009143 This is basically
DEMtNaKZm98-00022-00009157-00009357 What you do on a treadmill?
DEMtNaKZm98-00023-00009388-00009588 Keeping your head up. Nice stroke back a
DEMtNaKZm98-00024-00009715-00010124 Slightly slimy feet. Okay, just a few shuttle runs around
DEMtNaKZm98-00025-00010275-00010553 And then crawl under yes
DEMtNaKZm98-00026-00010761-00010961 Careful not to show your bottom
DEMtNaKZm98-00027-00011197-00011343 Rabbit crawls
DEMtNaKZm98-00028-00011343-00011490 That's good
DEMtNaKZm98-00029-00011490-00012098 just going to do one last one just to finish off this obviously working the muscles of the
DEMtNaKZm98-00030-00012253-00012543 Wow, it's still quite wet in the morning on the gracias
DEMtNaKZm98-00031-00012679-00013127 So there you go. Hope that helps and have a good day. Take care of yourselves
DEMtNaKZm98-00032-00013246-00013490 I'm the middle-class rapper
DEMtNaKZm98-00033-00013549-00013959 Thank you so much for watching my video. I really appreciate your support if you liked it
DEMtNaKZm98-00034-00013959-00014256 Please give it a like and if it made you laugh, please share it with someone else
DEMtNaKZm98-00035-00014256-00014801 Do you think my appreciate it if you want to watch another exercise from the Ministry of Silly exercise?
DEMtNaKZm98-00036-00014802-00015201 Please click here. And if you feel like supporting me by subscribing to the channel
DEMtNaKZm98-00037-00015274-00015479 Please click here. Take care of yourself
DIRFBBe7s9y-00000-00000000-00000328 We'll look at some details of the 2nd stage of glycolysis,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00001-00000328-00000616 including a redox reaction involving the transfer of
DIRFBBe7s9y-00002-00000616-00000964 electron pairs to electron carriers, a few more
DIRFBBe7s9y-00003-00000964-00001272 regulated enzymes, and the synthesis of ATP
DIRFBBe7s9y-00004-00001272-00001428 in coupled reactions.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00005-00001428-00001728 As we go through the reactions, remember that each
DIRFBBe7s9y-00006-00001728-00001992 is occurring twice per starting molecule of glucose
DIRFBBe7s9y-00007-00001992-00002248 In the first reaction of the second stage,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00008-00002248-00002542 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized and
DIRFBBe7s9y-00009-00002542-00002804 simultaneously phosphorylated to make a molecule of
DIRFBBe7s9y-00010-00002804-00003282 1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid.The oxidizing agent is NAD+,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00011-00003282-00003744 which is reduced by electrons in a hydride ion to NADH.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00012-00003744-00004150 NAD+ then, is an electron carrier. The enzyme for this
DIRFBBe7s9y-00013-00004150-00004528 reaction is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00014-00004528-00004714 You'll see that most biological redox reactions are
DIRFBBe7s9y-00015-00004714-00005110 in fact, catalyzed by dehydrogenases, meaning
DIRFBBe7s9y-00016-00005110-00005324 removal of hydrogen, because they usually involve
DIRFBBe7s9y-00017-00005324-00005648 the movement of electron pairs on either hydride ions
DIRFBBe7s9y-00018-00005648-00005964 or complete hydrogen (or H[2]) molecules.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00019-00005964-00006260 This reaction is yet another endergonic reaction based
DIRFBBe7s9y-00020-00006260-00006459 on its energetics in a closed system under
DIRFBBe7s9y-00021-00006459-00006698 standard conditions where Delta Go is equal
DIRFBBe7s9y-00022-00006698-00007134 to +1.5 Kcal/mol. The reaction is also reversible and,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00023-00007134-00007388 it is also allosterically regulated...,  though in an
DIRFBBe7s9y-00024-00007388-00007590 unusual way that I'll show you in just a moment.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00025-00007594-00007948 I want to remind you about the electron carrier NADH
DIRFBBe7s9y-00026-00007952-00008048 and a few others.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00027-00008048-00008358 NADH is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00028-00008358-00008608 and it's an electron carrier as are its
DIRFBBe7s9y-00029-00008608-00009082 phosphorylated form NADPH, as well as FADH2.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00030-00009082-00009630 In their oxidized forms, NAD+, NADP+ and FAD,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00031-00009630-00009936 they accept electron pairs from reduced molecules,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00032-00009936-00010142 again either as a hydride ion or as whole
DIRFBBe7s9y-00033-00010142-00010452 hydrogen molecules. As reduced electron carriers,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00034-00010456-00010798 NADH and FADH2 have captured a significant amount
DIRFBBe7s9y-00035-00010798-00011074 of the free energy that once was in a glucose molecule.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00036-00011082-00011390 Before I describe the unusual allosteric regulation
DIRFBBe7s9y-00037-00011390-00011666 of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00038-00011666-00011948 let's consider this question: What would a high
DIRFBBe7s9y-00039-00011948-00012252 concentration of NAD+ mean to a cell?
DIRFBBe7s9y-00040-00012252-00012596 First, it means that cells are actively respiring;
DIRFBBe7s9y-00041-00012596-00012980 It means that the cell is rapidly oxidizing NADH, and
DIRFBBe7s9y-00042-00012980-00013352 That's what's keeping NAD+ levels relatively high. You
DIRFBBe7s9y-00043-00013352-00013716 may recall that NADH oxidation fuels ATP synthesis.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00044-00013716-00013976 This happens in electron transport and oxidative
DIRFBBe7s9y-00045-00013976-00014302 phosphorylation. So high NAD+ levels must mean
DIRFBBe7s9y-00046-00014308-00014588 that the cell is actually calling for more ATP
DIRFBBe7s9y-00047-00014590-00014954 to be synthesized. How should high NAD+ levels
DIRFBBe7s9y-00048-00014969-00015384 affect the G3P dehydrogenase reaction? Clearly it
DIRFBBe7s9y-00049-00015384-00015588 should make the enzyme catalyze its reaction
DIRFBBe7s9y-00050-00015588-00015918 faster, so that it will not be the rate limiting reaction
DIRFBBe7s9y-00051-00015918-00016180 in the glycolytic pathwa,y meaning it won't be the
DIRFBBe7s9y-00052-00016180-00016494 slowest reaction in the pathway. So here's how it works:
DIRFBBe7s9y-00053-00016494-00016756 Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase
DIRFBBe7s9y-00054-00016760-00017122 is made up of four identical polypeptide subunits, each
DIRFBBe7s9y-00055-00017122-00017436 with an active site able to catalyze the redox reaction.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00056-00017436-00017811 Allosteric regulation is by 'negative cooperativity'.
DIRFBBe7s9y-00057-00017811-00017981 Let's have a closer look...
DIRFBBe7s9y-00058-00017981-00018422 After one subunit binds NAD+, the remaining subunits
DIRFBBe7s9y-00059-00018422-00018860 have a lower affinity for NAD+. That means that
DIRFBBe7s9y-00060-00018860-00019176 more NAD+ needs to be around before a second subunit
DIRFBBe7s9y-00061-00019176-00019554 will bind a molecule of NAD+. So, if the concentration
DIRFBBe7s9y-00062-00019554-00019930 of NAD+ is high enough, another NAD+ can bind
DIRFBBe7s9y-00063-00019930-00020224 to a second subunit.  But this in turn, will lower the
DIRFBBe7s9y-00064-00020224-00020556 affinity of the 2 remaining subunits for NAD+,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00065-00020556-00020900 and so on and so on. What that means is, it'll take
DIRFBBe7s9y-00066-00020900-00021258 very high levels of NAD+ to bind all 4 subunits of
DIRFBBe7s9y-00067-00021258-00021584 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,  so that
DIRFBBe7s9y-00068-00021584-00021696 the enzyme will be
DIRFBBe7s9y-00069-00021696-00022023 most active, that is to say, it will reach its Vmax,
DIRFBBe7s9y-00070-00022024-00022426 or maximal rate of catalysis, only when NAD+ levels
DIRFBBe7s9y-00071-00022426-00022876 are at very high, or relatively very high concentrations.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00000-00000533-00001183 My name is Mico Madera, I am an 11B, and as an 11B our mission is to
DKdeJG_MPYy-00001-00001183-00001483 shoot, move, communicate, close with, and destroy the enemy.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00002-00001923-00002380 My name is Spc. William Godwin, I'm an 11C Mortarman.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00003-00002380-00003210 I work with 120 millimeter mortar systems, 81s, and 60s which is indirect fire infantry.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00004-00003610-00004016 The difference between the two is 11B is Infantryman.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00005-00004016-00004623 So they do all the grunt work, kicking in doors, shooting at close range targets.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00006-00004623-00005170 For me, I hang back a little bit. I use the mortar system to provide support by fire.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00007-00005170-00005983 I provide light rounds, so like loom, or I could even go in and help them out depending on mission.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00008-00005983-00006646 Initially I went in as an 11X, which is infantry or it would detach off in to mortars.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00009-00006646-00006970 I got selected to be a mortar at basic training.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00010-00006970-00007683 What drew me to 11B is the hopes for adventure and just something new, spice up life
DKdeJG_MPYy-00011-00007683-00007876 and that it most definitely did.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00012-00007876-00008303 It is upheld as the MOS with the most discipline,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00013-00008303-00008440 the most hardworking,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00014-00008440-00008720 and to use the most teamwork in any situation.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00015-00008720-00009186 Another thing that was pretty great about being a mortar is my teammates.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00016-00009186-00009676 They're some of the best friends I've ever met in pretty much anywhere.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00017-00009676-00010396 I think the Army has the perfect thing about battle buddies, it's some of the best people you'll meet
DKdeJG_MPYy-00018-00010396-00010670 all around the U.S., and even outside the U.S.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00019-00010670-00011290 One of the fun events I've had in the U.S. Army was going to NTC, the National Training Center,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00020-00011290-00011863 where we would do operations against a fake enemy, OPFOR.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00021-00011863-00012466 We'd fight them, we'd go to different towns, we'd move out to different areas and attack the enemy.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00022-00012466-00013240 And at the end of that, the mortars did a live fire, shot at least 500 rounds of different types of ammunition,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00023-00013240-00013810 and it was just fun to just do our job and hang them rounds.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00024-00013810-00014356 Friends and family, especially my family, was very proud to hear I was going in the Army active duty
DKdeJG_MPYy-00025-00014356-00014680 and especially proud to hear that I was going 11 series.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00026-00014680-00015136 I have no doubt in my mind that the Army sets me up for skills to be successful
DKdeJG_MPYy-00027-00015136-00015440 not only in the Army, but also in the civilian world.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00028-00015440-00015919 Me being in the Army with my job, I've definitely broken out of my bubble a lot more.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00029-00015919-00016683 I used to be a very quiet kid, now I'm able to take on tasks, be a leader, talk with people without having to be scared or nervous.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00030-00016683-00017026 It's been a life-changing experience based on that.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00031-00017026-00017510 I wanted to see the world, I wanted to travel with the Army, serve my country a little bit,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00032-00017510-00017673 be a part of something bigger.
DKdeJG_MPYy-00033-00017673-00018396 I didn't feel like I really fit in back at home. I just wanted to experience the world, experience the Army what they had offered for me,
DKdeJG_MPYy-00034-00018396-00018810 and so far, I think it's fulfilled those opportunities I've been seeking.
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00000-00000012-00000606 what would happen if you were the last person on Earth what would you do if you woke up tomorrow
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00001-00000606-00001170 and where the last person on Earth this is a question that has been asked since the beginning
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00002-00001170-00001812 of time and there is no one correct answer some people would use the remaining time to
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00003-00001812-00002370 travel the work others would spend their time with loved ones and some would even find ways
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00004-00002370-00002874 to make a difference no matter what you choose to do it is important to make the most of your
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00005-00002874-00003468 remaining time you never know when you might be the last person on Earth it would be a surreal
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00006-00003468-00004032 experience with immense loneliness with all the humanity gone you would have the entire planet
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00007-00004032-00004644 to yourself the cities and streets formerly filled with people would now be empty and
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00008-00004644-00005298 desolate what was once a bustling activity is now just still full and quiet punctuated only
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00009-00005298-00006036 by the sound of wind blowing through newly bare branches or the cries of animals left behind in
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00010-00006036-00006642 their habitats you would explore places that would be off limits due to overcrowding with
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00011-00006642-00007230 no one around you could wander through closed Parks travel in any direction without fear of
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00012-00007230-00007926 traffic jams and even sneak into restricted areas that were once guarded by security Personnel most
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00013-00007926-00008520 importantly you could appreciate nature in its fullest form free from Human interference or
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00014-00008520-00009132 destruction a stunning reminder that beauty exists even amongst tragedy you wouldn't have
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00015-00009132-00009762 anyone to talk to but your own inner voice no companionship other than your own thoughts and
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00016-00009762-00010500 emotions don't laughter save for The Echoes of memories No hugs from anyone the Solitude may
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00017-00010500-00011112 bring about feelings of depression and despair if not managed carefully on the other hand it's
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00018-00011112-00011676 possible that having personal space away from other people could bring about an appreciation for
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00019-00011676-00012354 self-reflection and introspection something which many humans don't get enough time to do these days
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00020-00012426-00013050 still being alone on Earth would also present practical challenges such as finding food
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00021-00013050-00013691 maintaining shelter and hygiene protecting yourself from animals but then again with
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00022-00013691-00014310 nowhere else to go and Limitless resources at your disposal you would eventually find ways to
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00023-00014310-00014868 make things work out over time it may feel like a great burden but the last person on Earth could
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00024-00014868-00015468 also become an opportunity to learn more about yourself and how to live independently Off the
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00025-00015468-00016140 Grid with no one else around there is no pressure to follow society's expectations instead you could
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00026-00016140-00016758 set standards according to your own values while striving towards personal growth every day until
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00027-00016758-00017430 perhaps someday when you meet another surviving human life would be a never-ending party there
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00028-00017430-00017844 could be no one left to judge you with your life and it could be drastically different
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00029-00017916-00018546 you might not brush your teeth as often stay in as much or even wear clothes life would be
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00030-00018546-00019182 a never-ending party with no negative consequences but eventually being the only human left on Earth
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00031-00019182-00019776 would get lonely even though you might enjoy the Freedom At first living without connection to
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00032-00019776-00020406 others is not something humans can do forever so maybe it's a good thing that you're not the last
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00033-00020406-00020958 person on Earth after all and that is what you can expect out of your life if you're the only
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00034-00020958-00021504 person left on Earth make sure to hit that like button as it encourages us to make even
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00035-00021504-00022104 more educational content for you every day also subscribe to our Channel and ring the notification
DLkmOKd7Ar0-00036-00022104-00022998 Bell to be updated with every new video that we release and of course thanks for watching foreign
DOnQngpHCxU-00000-00000694-00001046 In the previous videos we talked about text preprocessing,
DOnQngpHCxU-00001-00001068-00001312 clustering and classification.
DOnQngpHCxU-00002-00001374-00001823 We worked with Grimm's tales, a data set I have prepared in a spreadsheet.
DOnQngpHCxU-00003-00001928-00002338 But working with spreadsheets and long text can be a pain.
DOnQngpHCxU-00004-00002382-00002732 Is there any other way we can import texts into Orange?
DOnQngpHCxU-00005-00002756-00002918 Of course there is!
DOnQngpHCxU-00006-00003204-00003542 This time I will work with Kennedy's speeches.
DOnQngpHCxU-00007-00003624-00003910 I have 17 of them in a Kennedy folder,
DOnQngpHCxU-00008-00003990-00004192 each in its own file.
DOnQngpHCxU-00009-00004342-00004832 Files can be Word documents, PDFs or plain text files.
DOnQngpHCxU-00010-00004910-00005430 Here for example is a speech from Democratic National Convention.
DOnQngpHCxU-00011-00005760-00005964 To load corpus into Orange
DOnQngpHCxU-00012-00005964-00006164 open Text add-on,
DOnQngpHCxU-00013-00006164-00006508 place Import Documents widget on a canvas,
DOnQngpHCxU-00014-00006542-00006656 and open it.
DOnQngpHCxU-00015-00006748-00006918 Click on the folder icon
DOnQngpHCxU-00016-00006964-00007228 and select the folder you wish to import.
DOnQngpHCxU-00017-00007358-00007631 Let us observe our data in a Corpus Viewer.
DOnQngpHCxU-00018-00007822-00008048 Here's the speech we've seen earlier.
DOnQngpHCxU-00019-00008244-00008462 Now we can do some clustering.
DOnQngpHCxU-00020-00008552-00008768 I'll use Preprocess Text,
DOnQngpHCxU-00021-00008886-00009022 Bag of Words,
DOnQngpHCxU-00022-00009144-00009276 Distances,
DOnQngpHCxU-00023-00009332-00009532 and Hierarchical Clustering.
DOnQngpHCxU-00024-00009636-00009758 I was fast.
DOnQngpHCxU-00025-00009800-00010074 For details on text preprocessing and clustering
DOnQngpHCxU-00026-00010094-00010294 you can check our previous videos.
DOnQngpHCxU-00027-00010494-00010786 Looks like I have two interesting clusters:
DOnQngpHCxU-00028-00010804-00011004 one on nuclear arms
DOnQngpHCxU-00029-00011116-00011530 and the other with Kennedy's presidential addresses.
DOnQngpHCxU-00030-00011694-00012000 Clustering is fine, but what about classification?
DOnQngpHCxU-00031-00012156-00012468 Can I tell Orange some documents belong to one group
DOnQngpHCxU-00032-00012468-00012608 and others to the other?
DOnQngpHCxU-00033-00012744-00013112 Let us put Kennedy speeches into two folders.
DOnQngpHCxU-00034-00013158-00013406 say 'pre-1962'
DOnQngpHCxU-00035-00013406-00013606 and 'post-1962'.
DOnQngpHCxU-00036-00015363-00015606 Now, reload the folder.
DOnQngpHCxU-00037-00015722-00016084 Orange recognized subfolders as class categories.
DOnQngpHCxU-00038-00016258-00016472 If we observe the corpus in a data table,
DOnQngpHCxU-00039-00016524-00016820 we can see that Orange put 'pre-1962'
DOnQngpHCxU-00040-00016820-00017224 and 'post-1962' in the gray class column.
DOnQngpHCxU-00041-00017322-00017628 You can check our previous videos on text classification
DOnQngpHCxU-00042-00017628-00017812 to learn how to proceed.
DOnQngpHCxU-00043-00017990-00018412 Import Documents makes it so much easier to organize your files in your research.
DOnQngpHCxU-00044-00018484-00018882 Today we've learned how to import our own data for text analysis
DOnQngpHCxU-00045-00018882-00019184 and how to define class values from scratch.
DPiXHSNJebu-00000-00000054-00000280 (upbeat music)
DPiXHSNJebu-00001-00000280-00000718 >> Sondra Smith, Kaiser Permanente Member: - I woke up one morning and the room started to go black.
DPiXHSNJebu-00002-00000718-00000881 I knew something was wrong.
DPiXHSNJebu-00003-00000881-00001156 >> Abraham Boskovitz, MD, Neurosurgery: - Sondra was a 36 year old female,
DPiXHSNJebu-00004-00001156-00001387 34 weeks into her pregnancy.
DPiXHSNJebu-00005-00001387-00001646 And she presented to the hospital over there with
DPiXHSNJebu-00006-00001646-00001978 rapid visual loss into her left eye.
DPiXHSNJebu-00007-00001978-00002143 >> Janel Crawford, MD, Obstetrics and Gynecology: - A common thing in pregnancy,
DPiXHSNJebu-00008-00002143-00002341 and oftentimes there is some visual changes.
DPiXHSNJebu-00009-00002341-00002508 But hers were very unique.
DPiXHSNJebu-00010-00002508-00002814 She'd had some imaging and they had showed
DPiXHSNJebu-00011-00002814-00003001 that she had a optic tumor.
DPiXHSNJebu-00012-00003001-00003284 >> Sondra Smith, Kaiser Permanente Member: - And when you hear the word tumor,
DPiXHSNJebu-00013-00003284-00003561 you think brain tumor, that's it.
DPiXHSNJebu-00014-00003561-00003748 My life is out the door.
DPiXHSNJebu-00015-00003886-00004224 >> Abraham Boskovitz, MD, Neurosurgery: - On one hand, we have a baby not at term.
DPiXHSNJebu-00016-00004224-00004328 Yet on the other hand,
DPiXHSNJebu-00017-00004328-00004550 we have a patient losing her vision
DPiXHSNJebu-00018-00004550-00004753 who needs emergent intervention.
DPiXHSNJebu-00019-00004753-00005093 So it was decided that the safest thing
DPiXHSNJebu-00020-00005093-00005282 for Sondra and her baby
DPiXHSNJebu-00021-00005282-00005529 was to deliver the baby emergently
DPiXHSNJebu-00022-00005529-00005765 while she was in the Roseville facility.
DPiXHSNJebu-00023-00005765-00005987 And then as soon as it was done
DPiXHSNJebu-00024-00005987-00006192 and the patient was stabilized to have her come
DPiXHSNJebu-00025-00006192-00006408 to the Sacramento Morse Avenue facility
DPiXHSNJebu-00026-00006408-00006636 so that we could operate on her tumor.
DPiXHSNJebu-00027-00006734-00007064 >> Janel Crawford, MD, Obstetrics and Gynecology: - We have a excellent neonatal intensive care unit here
DPiXHSNJebu-00028-00007064-00007259 and so we felt very confident
DPiXHSNJebu-00029-00007259-00007668 that we could help her facilitate having her baby.
DPiXHSNJebu-00030-00007668-00007829 >> Sondra Smith, Kaiser Permanente Member: - They induced my labor.
DPiXHSNJebu-00031-00007829-00008053 She was eight pounds, seven ounces.
DPiXHSNJebu-00032-00008053-00008207 My doctor was wonderful.
DPiXHSNJebu-00033-00008207-00008505 She let me stay a little bit longer with my baby.
DPiXHSNJebu-00034-00008505-00008834 And then I was transferred over to hospital.
DPiXHSNJebu-00035-00008834-00009093 I was basically in surgery for nine hours.
DPiXHSNJebu-00036-00009093-00009440 They came in to remove my bandages for me.
DPiXHSNJebu-00037-00009440-00009613 And he asked me what did I see,
DPiXHSNJebu-00038-00009613-00009851 and I remember I could see him
DPiXHSNJebu-00039-00009851-00010007 without the big dot in the middle.
DPiXHSNJebu-00040-00010007-00010103 There was no blur,
DPiXHSNJebu-00041-00010103-00010274 it was just, I can see you.
DPiXHSNJebu-00042-00010395-00010808 >> Abraham Boskovitz, MD, Neurosurgery: - I think Sondra's story really exemplifies very nicely
DPiXHSNJebu-00043-00010808-00011062 the beauty of the integrated model
DPiXHSNJebu-00044-00011062-00011394 where we could perform the complex surgery she required
DPiXHSNJebu-00045-00011394-00011514 in a timely fashion.
DPiXHSNJebu-00046-00011514-00011869 And she could wake up with a recovery of her vision
DPiXHSNJebu-00047-00011869-00012093 and her healthy baby delivered.
DPiXHSNJebu-00048-00012093-00012434 I think this shows even though in different hospitals,
DPiXHSNJebu-00049-00012434-00012751 we're all a part of one integrated healthcare model.
DPiXHSNJebu-00050-00012880-00013233 >> Sondra Smith, Kaiser Permanente Member: - Their calm and professionalism give me strength
DPiXHSNJebu-00051-00013233-00013469 that I'm gonna remember all my life.
DPiXHSNJebu-00052-00013469-00013699 I just wanna tell my doctor thank you.
DPiXHSNJebu-00053-00013699-00013957 (gentle music)
DPtksYo13G4-00000-00000000-00000412 This video is dedicated to the first visitor in Rogers Centre
DPtksYo13G4-00001-00000520-00000687 Especially Korean tourists~
DPtksYo13G4-00002-00001300-00001587 This is the video about Visiting Rogers Centre in Toronto, Canada
DPtksYo13G4-00003-00001587-00001737 I'm a Baseball fan
DPtksYo13G4-00004-00001737-00001991 Especially a fan of LG twins which is in KBO League (Korean Baseball Organization)
DPtksYo13G4-00005-00001991-00002229 Also, I went to London, England For Watching Baseball too
DPtksYo13G4-00006-00002229-00002437 In Canada, My Last World traveling country
DPtksYo13G4-00007-00002437-00002600 One of the reasons why I went to Toronto is
DPtksYo13G4-00008-00002600-00002808 For Watching Major Leagure Baseball Game
DPtksYo13G4-00009-00002808-00003008 The Game of Toronto Blue Jays!
DPtksYo13G4-00010-00003008-00003212 To korean, Toronto Blue Jays was
DPtksYo13G4-00011-00003212-00003420 famous by The team Where 'Seung-Hwan Oh' was in
DPtksYo13G4-00012-00003420-00003720 Now It's more famous by 'Hyun-Jin Ryu's New team
DPtksYo13G4-00013-00003720-00003979 I really didn't expect Hyun-Jin Ryu will go to Toronto
DPtksYo13G4-00014-00004120-00004266 It would be better If he has come to Toronto one year faster (Because I could see him in there at that time)
DPtksYo13G4-00015-00004266-00004437 Well Then Let's see the video
DPtksYo13G4-00016-00004437-00004545 Now I'm going to
DPtksYo13G4-00017-00004545-00004916 Rogers Centre
DPtksYo13G4-00018-00004916-00005125 Home Of The Toronto Blue Jays
DPtksYo13G4-00019-00005125-00005266 Today I'm going to watch
DPtksYo13G4-00020-00005266-00005412 Toronto Blue Jays vs
DPtksYo13G4-00021-00005412-00005595 Toronto Blue Jays vs Baltimore Orioles
DPtksYo13G4-00022-00005595-00005954 But the problem is Both of the teams are ranked not good in this year
DPtksYo13G4-00023-00005954-00006145 In korean baseball (2019) They are like
DPtksYo13G4-00024-00006145-00006320 Lotte Giants and Hanwha Eagles? ★ It doesn't mean to demean specific teams
DPtksYo13G4-00025-00006320-00006445 ★ Final Rankings for 2019 (All Four teams were not good in this year)
DPtksYo13G4-00026-00006445-00006845 There is CN Tower The landmark of Toronto Next to Rogers Centre
DPtksYo13G4-00027-00006845-00007091 Actually I wanted to go up this building (The observatory)
DPtksYo13G4-00028-00007091-00007383 I think The observatory In Montreal would be more beautiful
DPtksYo13G4-00029-00007383-00007591 So I'm not going CN Tower
DPtksYo13G4-00030-00007591-00007870 There were a lot of hot dog shops around the entrance to rogers centre (I bought all beef hot dog 3.5 CAD)
DPtksYo13G4-00031-00007870-00008062 In korea, You can't bring your drinks
DPtksYo13G4-00032-00008062-00008304 But It's allowed In Canada It was interesting
DPtksYo13G4-00033-00008516-00008691 Let's use some sauce
DPtksYo13G4-00034-00008691-00009133 I heard The price of Hot dog inside of Rogers Centre has  Double price Compared with outside hot dog (From Toronto Fan sites)
DPtksYo13G4-00035-00009133-00009291 I'm walking around now
DPtksYo13G4-00036-00009291-00009587 Even though Toronto ranks Not good in this year
DPtksYo13G4-00037-00009587-00009737 I can feel the fever of baseball
DPtksYo13G4-00038-00009737-00009937 Okay. Now Let's go to the inside
DPtksYo13G4-00039-00009937-00010270 For your information My Seat is on fifth floor! The top!
DPtksYo13G4-00040-00010270-00010462 I chose that seat Because I like an open view
DPtksYo13G4-00041-00010462-00010666 And The next important thing is...
DPtksYo13G4-00042-00010666-00010875 It's The Cheapest seat~
DPtksYo13G4-00043-00011095-00011283 I arrived at the fifth floor
DPtksYo13G4-00044-00011283-00011504 Major league Stadium Looks like this
DPtksYo13G4-00045-00011504-00011708 Actually when I went to London Series
DPtksYo13G4-00046-00011708-00011920 The staidum was actually The Soccer staidum (London Olympic Stadium)
DPtksYo13G4-00047-00011920-00012241 Actually It's kind of sports complex Not a baseball stadium (American football. Soccer, Basketball)
DPtksYo13G4-00048-00012241-00012383 The facilities are very good!
DPtksYo13G4-00049-00012383-00012500 This is Major League
DPtksYo13G4-00050-00012500-00012708 It's the moment just before seeing the ground
DPtksYo13G4-00051-00012708-00012991 If you're a baseball fan this is the most exciting moment, right?
DPtksYo13G4-00052-00013683-00013887 This is Rogers Centre :) (The fifth floor at First base)
DPtksYo13G4-00053-00014087-00014275 It's awesome isn't it?
DPtksYo13G4-00054-00014275-00014500 They should have built The dome in Korea like this
DPtksYo13G4-00055-00014500-00014966 Clearly Rogers Centre is better than Gocheok Sky Dome ★ Gocheok Sky Dome : The dome stadium in Korea
DPtksYo13G4-00056-00014966-00015254 I can see the players are doing free-batting now (Batting Practice)
DPtksYo13G4-00057-00015254-00015479 They are The players from Baltimore But I don't know who they are
DPtksYo13G4-00058-00015479-00015670 I remember in Baltimore...
DPtksYo13G4-00059-00015670-00015995 One Korean baseball player was in there before Hyun-Soo Kim, Now he is in LG twins
DPtksYo13G4-00060-00015995-00016216 Let's go to near infield
DPtksYo13G4-00061-00016216-00016375 to see the players closely
DPtksYo13G4-00062-00016529-00016895 Now Let's see the view of The second floor, Level 200
DPtksYo13G4-00063-00016895-00017295 First base view from the second floor
DPtksYo13G4-00064-00017295-00017479 This is the view of the second floor
DPtksYo13G4-00065-00017604-00017762 It got closer (to the ground)
DPtksYo13G4-00066-00017762-00017925 The next is Level 100
DPtksYo13G4-00067-00018262-00018787 The First base view from the first floor
DPtksYo13G4-00068-00018787-00019041 Can I just watch the game here? by sitting on the stairs? (It means It has a really good view)
DPtksYo13G4-00069-00019141-00019400 is there some player close to them? Many people stand on there
DPtksYo13G4-00070-00019504-00019683 That's Dugout
DPtksYo13G4-00071-00019683-00019841 I felt one thing at here
DPtksYo13G4-00072-00019841-00019995 No safety nets here!
DPtksYo13G4-00073-00020166-00020375 We should be careful at Foul ball
DPtksYo13G4-00074-00020375-00020558 Actually It's hard to come here again
DPtksYo13G4-00075-00020558-00020800 So I really want get some autographs of MLB players
DPtksYo13G4-00076-00020800-00020979 Especially Vladimir Guerrero Jr.! (Son of Vladimir Guerrero, MLB outfilder Legend)
DPtksYo13G4-00077-00021125-00021212 Can i success it?
DPtksYo13G4-00078-00021212-00021316 But 'Failed' Please teach me how to get autographs!
DPtksYo13G4-00079-00021316-00021495 The first-base dugout is for Baltimore (Away)
DPtksYo13G4-00080-00021541-00021791 The third-base dugout is for Toronto (Home)
DPtksYo13G4-00081-00021791-00022012 this place is the seats of behind of catcher?
DPtksYo13G4-00082-00022012-00022287 How much should I earn to sit here?
DPtksYo13G4-00083-00022287-00022520 If I sit here I will be on the tv everyday
DPtksYo13G4-00084-00022520-00022916 The view from behind of Catcher
DPtksYo13G4-00085-00023116-00023300 Let's see the foods in Rogers Centre
DPtksYo13G4-00086-00023300-00023529 They have various foods, But quite expensive (Chicken, Pizza, Nacho, ETC)
DPtksYo13G4-00087-00023529-00023862 It's hard to see the menu But hot dog was almost 7~8 Candada dollar
DPtksYo13G4-00088-00023862-00024104 It's really double price (hot dog)
DPtksYo13G4-00089-00024104-00024487 So I didn't eat anything except hot dog from outside
DPtksYo13G4-00090-00024733-00025037 It's The third-base dugout of Toronto Blue Jays
DPtksYo13G4-00091-00025037-00025212 Let's see around of the dugout
DPtksYo13G4-00092-00025212-00025608 I guess many korean tourists will visit here to see Hyun-Jin Ryu this year(2020)
DPtksYo13G4-00093-00025608-00025991 I Wish Toronto and Hyun-Jin Ryu have a good record!
DPtksYo13G4-00094-00025991-00026212 I'm going to near outfield now
DPtksYo13G4-00095-00026212-00026408 Let's see how the view looks
DPtksYo13G4-00096-00026408-00026729 You can find kind of this place between the third base and left field Passage
DPtksYo13G4-00097-00026729-00027075 I guess It's the place for a preview program studio
DPtksYo13G4-00098-00027195-00027395 This is the view of the left field
DPtksYo13G4-00099-00027395-00027629 This gate will be closed at the game start
DPtksYo13G4-00100-00027629-00027795 Bullpen of players
DPtksYo13G4-00101-00027795-00027920 and The display board
DPtksYo13G4-00102-00027958-00028016 They have all~
DPtksYo13G4-00103-00028016-00028666 The view from Left field
DPtksYo13G4-00104-00028666-00028829 One of the good thing here is
DPtksYo13G4-00105-00028829-00029179 You can take a look around the stadium without any blockage (Based on a low level)
DPtksYo13G4-00106-00029179-00029433 From The Home plate to outfield
DPtksYo13G4-00107-00029433-00029670 There had no blockage (Open concourse)
DPtksYo13G4-00108-00029670-00029991 I got back to my seat
DPtksYo13G4-00109-00029991-00030200 Even though the price of this seat is cheap (10 Canada Dollar)
DPtksYo13G4-00110-00030200-00030395 The view is really good~
DPtksYo13G4-00111-00030395-00030716 The dome roof began to open before the game
DPtksYo13G4-00112-00030716-00031054 If you look over there CN Tower began to show itself slowly
DPtksYo13G4-00113-00031275-00031662 Before the game start They played national anthems of USA and Canada
DPtksYo13G4-00114-00031662-00031808 Okay. It's time to PLAY BALL!
DPtksYo13G4-00115-00031808-00031966 Baltimore Line-Up
DPtksYo13G4-00116-00031966-00032166 I know only Chris Davis;;;
DPtksYo13G4-00117-00032166-00032320 Who is Chris Davis?
DPtksYo13G4-00118-00032320-00032533 He has a world record
DPtksYo13G4-00119-00032533-00032645 62 PA(Plate Appearances)
DPtksYo13G4-00120-00032645-00032762 62 PA(Plate Appearances) + 54 AB(At Bat)
DPtksYo13G4-00121-00032762-00032962 hitless streak record!
DPtksYo13G4-00122-00032962-00033141 What a poor guy
DPtksYo13G4-00123-00033604-00033837 They opened this roof part all!
DPtksYo13G4-00124-00033837-00034150 If someone asks me "What is The Difference between Major league and Korean baseball?"
DPtksYo13G4-00125-00034150-00034341 I will say 'the reaction of Crowds?' (How to cheer)
DPtksYo13G4-00126-00034341-00034487 We are like in Karaoke
DPtksYo13G4-00127-00034487-00035066 ★ 2019 LG twins Home Opening day Cheer
DPtksYo13G4-00128-00035066-00035304 But people here watch baseball quietly
DPtksYo13G4-00129-00035304-00035570 But they all enjoyed the game
DPtksYo13G4-00130-00035570-00035891 The people who dance to be on Dance-Cam
DPtksYo13G4-00131-00036195-00036304 Audience wave
DPtksYo13G4-00132-00036595-00036775 Sing Along The theme of the team The song name :Ok Blue Jays
DPtksYo13G4-00133-00037604-00037958 'Take Me Out to the Ball Game' The song that i heard in London Series
DPtksYo13G4-00134-00038633-00038933 Home Run Horn too! (For only Blue Jays hitters)
DPtksYo13G4-00135-00038933-00039320 Usually, I'm explaining a game situation then enjoy the game
DPtksYo13G4-00136-00039320-00039633 But this game situation is very calm
DPtksYo13G4-00137-00039633-00039841 So there are not so special things to explain
DPtksYo13G4-00138-00039841-00040258 Toronto is winning By 3:1
DPtksYo13G4-00139-00040258-00040416 It's the top of the 8th inning (Baltimore's hitting time)
DPtksYo13G4-00140-00040416-00040887 It's 2 out, The runners are on 2nd and 3rd base But I think Toronto will block this crisis
DPtksYo13G4-00141-00041025-00041233 Nah, It's Base on balls~
DPtksYo13G4-00142-00041233-00041387 It's 2 out, bases loaded now...
DPtksYo13G4-00143-00041387-00041687 For your information There is no draw in MLB
DPtksYo13G4-00144-00041687-00041979 The game two days ago, It's finished in the 15th inning
DPtksYo13G4-00145-00041979-00042208 By walk-off home run, Toronto won it
DPtksYo13G4-00146-00042208-00042545 I wish the game will finish quickly not like that
DPtksYo13G4-00147-00042545-00042875 Especially Korean tourists~
DPtksYo13G4-00148-00043275-00043575 The batted ball of Chris Davis The center fielder caught it!
DPtksYo13G4-00149-00043575-00043841 Toronto Blocked this crisis!
DPtksYo13G4-00150-00043841-00044175 After that The top of the 9th inning The last chance of Baltimore
DPtksYo13G4-00151-00045004-00045262 Toronto won by 3:2
DPtksYo13G4-00152-00045262-00045550 (TIME TO OFF WORK)
DPtksYo13G4-00153-00045550-00045733 Time to go back to home
DPtksYo13G4-00154-00045829-00045950 Good bye Rogers Centre!
DPtksYo13G4-00155-00045950-00046108 It will be my unforgettable memory~
DPtksYo13G4-00156-00046258-00046541 CN Tower After The game looked so beautiful~
DPtksYo13G4-00157-00046962-00047145 I wanna go Rogers Centre again~
DPtksYo13G4-00158-00047145-00047379 So I showed Rogers Centre to you guys
DPtksYo13G4-00159-00047379-00047645 Now I left the video about downtown of Toronto for you guys
DPtksYo13G4-00160-00047645-00047895 See you in the video Toronto, Canada
DPtksYo13G4-00161-00047895-00048104 Then bye~
DRi5yR5iSCA-00000-00000060-00000405 The substance in this little bottle right here just might be the secret to your
DRi5yR5iSCA-00001-00000405-00000723 pest and disease issues in the garden. Kevin Espiritu here from Epic Gardening.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00002-00000724-00000861 Yes, it is neem oil my friends.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00003-00000861-00001356 I can't believe I haven't done an episode on neem oil because it's so
DRi5yR5iSCA-00004-00001356-00001443 often recommended.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00005-00001443-00001755 It's so popular and there's so many different recommendations for it.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00006-00001755-00002030 So in this video, I'm going to talk about first of all, what is it?
DRi5yR5iSCA-00007-00002031-00002400 What's the history behind this compound, this substance, this magical elixir,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00008-00002400-00002733 if you will? And we'll go into some recipes, some things you should use it for,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00009-00002733-00003030 some things you shouldn't use it for. And at the end of the video,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00010-00003030-00003528 I'm going to show you kind of like my secret little treat about neem
DRi5yR5iSCA-00011-00003540-00003906 that isn't even a liquid. Something special that you can use that is very,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00012-00003906-00004065 very sustainable as well.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00013-00004065-00004437 So cultivate that Like button and I will boost the strength of your neem by
DRi5yR5iSCA-00014-00004437-00004704 2,000%. And let's get into the video.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00015-00004749-00005106 Where did this stuff come from? It came from a tree.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00016-00005106-00005364 It is pressed out of a tree. The tree is called Azadirachta indica.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00017-00005469-00005649 It is grown in the Indian subcontinent,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00018-00005649-00005967 where it grows in a wide variety of growing conditions,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00019-00005967-00006207 although it does prefer a high temperature.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00020-00006240-00006678 But it can kind of tolerate somewhat desolate soils from a nutrient perspective.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00021-00006726-00007119 And it grows really prolifically. It's easy to propagate. It's easy to grow.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00022-00007148-00007251 And as we'll see,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00023-00007281-00007692 it is the reason why it is so easy to find neem oil.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00024-00007725-00008055 But not really high quality neem oil, which I'll talk about in a second.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00025-00008081-00008352 Neem itself, or products made from the neem tree,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00026-00008367-00008682 have been used for 2,000 plus years in traditional medicine.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00027-00008766-00009033 In food uses, which I'm not going to speak on,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00028-00009054-00009333 as well as uses in modern times in the garden.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00029-00009363-00009657 So the way that the oil itself is made is by collecting the seeds,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00030-00009660-00009915 splitting them open, and then pressing them. As you can see,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00031-00009915-00010353 this one says cold extracted, high purity neem oil. So cold pressed,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00032-00010383-00010668 much like you would make many other types of vegetable oils.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00033-00010689-00011187 And what you can then do is take the remains and press them again or work with
DRi5yR5iSCA-00034-00011187-00011502 solvents to create even more oil extraction.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00035-00011520-00011889 The problem is the neem oil quality tends to be lower in that case.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00036-00011892-00012285 So you're going for a cold extracted, high purity neem if you can get it.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00037-00012309-00012576 So here's the real thing, it's where you can kind of get scammed.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00038-00012579-00013019 Not really scammed, but it's a buyer beware situation. The active compound,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00039-00013020-00013197 the main active compound, is called Azadirachtin,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00040-00013278-00013584 named after the actual plant itself. Chicken or the egg,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00041-00013587-00013752 I don't know which one came first. Nevertheless,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00042-00013752-00014022 that's the active compound that has the most impact,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00043-00014043-00014247 specifically on pests in the garden.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00044-00014271-00014747 But there are over 300 secondary compounds that you're not going to get unless
DRi5yR5iSCA-00045-00014748-00015018 you get 100% cold extracted neem oil.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00046-00015044-00015537 Any other type of product that's sort of a subset or a derivative
DRi5yR5iSCA-00047-00015537-00015846 of that is not going to have all of those secondary compounds.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00048-00015846-00016074 Which as we'll see in the second, are pretty darn important.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00049-00016091-00016389 So let's say you're out here in the garden, I'm in my herb patch right now.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00050-00016389-00016563 And I see some bugs,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00051-00016566-00016923 some pests that I don't want on my lemongrass right here.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00052-00016968-00017361 What do I do with neem oil to make them go away or to have the neem oil actually
DRi5yR5iSCA-00053-00017376-00017679 have an effect on it? Well Azadirachtin, which is the main compound,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00054-00017703-00018190 must be generally sprayed onto the actual tissue of the plant that the
DRi5yR5iSCA-00055-00018190-00018505 bugs are eating. They will then eat the tissue,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00056-00018505-00018988 which gets the Azadirachtin into their actual system at which point it's able
DRi5yR5iSCA-00057-00018988-00019381 to interact with them in the way that ends up eventually killing them.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00058-00019420-00019504 If you're wondering, hey,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00059-00019504-00019789 can't I just spray it right on the bugs that I don't want in the garden?
DRi5yR5iSCA-00060-00019789-00019906 You definitely can do that.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00061-00019906-00020284 It's better that they ingest the actual neem oil which contains the
DRi5yR5iSCA-00062-00020284-00020722 Azadirachtin. Because it tends to, as the main killing agent,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00063-00020737-00021106 suppress their appetite. So they don't feel that they are hungry,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00064-00021106-00021370 thus they don't eat, thus they end up actually dying.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00065-00021394-00021655 Now here's the interesting thing. If you get cold pressed,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00066-00021656-00021997 a hundred percent cold extracted neem oil that has all of the secondary
DRi5yR5iSCA-00067-00021997-00022327 compounds, the sort of whole food of the neem world,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00068-00022351-00022609 then you're going to get some other things that can happen to pests.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00069-00022609-00022849 You'll get repelling of larva and adults.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00070-00022852-00023176 You'll get just poor formation of eggs and larva.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00071-00023209-00023674 It sort of can disrupt the entire biological entity that is the pest itself.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00072-00023695-00023761 Now I know what you're probably thinking,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00073-00023761-00024175 couldn't that just affect all the beneficials as well? And the answer is, yes,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00074-00024175-00024268 it actually can.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00075-00024268-00024691 Nature doesn't know that I think that's a pest and I think this one's a
DRi5yR5iSCA-00076-00024691-00024778 beneficial, right?
DRi5yR5iSCA-00077-00024778-00025126 So if there's a larval form of some sort of caterpillar that you might actually
DRi5yR5iSCA-00078-00025126-00025468 want in the garden, this is why you really shouldn't be using it,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00079-00025483-00025741 as a blanket statement, across the whole garden.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00080-00025741-00025957 You should use it if you absolutely need to use it.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00081-00025966-00026317 I barely ever spray neem oil, let alone spray anything else in the garden.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00082-00026332-00026658 But this video is designed for if you have to use it, let's use it right.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00083-00026662-00026767 And let's use it responsibly.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00084-00026800-00027208 One caveat I'll put on that is it doesn't appear to affect things like spiders,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00085-00027208-00027445 butterflies, bees, those types of beneficials.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00086-00027445-00027901 Mostly the larval form of things that you would want
DRi5yR5iSCA-00087-00027901-00028261 eventually, can be affected. And so still just use it sparingly.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00088-00028300-00028513 But these pumpkins here, unfortunately, were not so lucky.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00089-00028513-00028972 I was away for a few days. I saw some PM on the pumpkins. I said, you know what,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00090-00028972-00029299 I'll deal with it when I get back? Famous last words, as you probably know,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00091-00029299-00029500 if you've ever suffered from this terrible plant disease.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00092-00029554-00029889 It'll just rip through a plant. And so it destroyed these pumpkins.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00093-00029908-00030010 And here's what's interesting.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00094-00030010-00030448 Neem oil has been shown very effectively to control powdery mildew.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00095-00030448-00030625 And the way that you'll typically do it,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00096-00030643-00030844 at least the study that I'll put in the description did it,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00097-00030862-00031020 was taking a milliliter,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00098-00031027-00031450 a single milliliter per liter of water of 70% cold
DRi5yR5iSCA-00099-00031452-00031585 extracted neem oil.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00100-00031585-00031933 So I don't necessarily think you have to be perfectly precise there. You know,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00101-00031933-00032326 maybe a little dollop in a liter of water, shake it up and spray.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00102-00032326-00032782 It seems to be extremely, extremely effective at preventing powdery mildew.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00103-00032832-00033253 So the beauty of neem oil is that it is completely derived from a naturally
DRi5yR5iSCA-00104-00033253-00033601 occurring plant. It is not a broad spectrum pesticide. I mean,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00105-00033601-00033931 of course it does kill things that you may not necessarily want to kill,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00106-00033931-00034063 but that's why you use it sparingly.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00107-00034090-00034450 It's not going to mess with the soil life underneath dealing with the roots,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00108-00034468-00034951 that whole soil food web that's going on. It is safe for dogs, cats, kids,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00109-00034951-00035083 obviously not in huge quantities,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00110-00035083-00035326 but it's not like immediately toxic at low dosages.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00111-00035356-00035500 It doesn't mess with the waterways.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00112-00035524-00035771 You don't have to support a company you don't like, that sort of thing.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00113-00035789-00036091 It makes it a really effective thing to use in the garden.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00114-00036094-00036299 Now let's talk about a couple of recipes that you can use.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00115-00036335-00036464 I've got two recipes for you.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00116-00036464-00036905 One is a preventative measure that you should use every two weeks or so if you
DRi5yR5iSCA-00117-00036905-00037367 suspect you might be dealing with a budding pest or disease issue that neem oil
DRi5yR5iSCA-00118-00037367-00037844 can treat. And so that's going to be a mixture of a teaspoon of neem oil,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00119-00037892-00038390 a third of a teaspoon of insecticidal soap, and then a quart of warm water.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00120-00038390-00038558 We'll put it up here with a metric conversion.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00121-00038570-00038915 So that's the first one you can use for preventative measures every two weeks.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00122-00038933-00039389 This next one is basically double the strength and also a larger batch quantity.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00123-00039389-00039617 So this is something if you have an existing problem,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00124-00039638-00040025 you're going to use it every week and you're going to do it until the problem
DRi5yR5iSCA-00125-00040028-00040076 goes away.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00126-00040076-00040460 Or at least gets to the point where you feel like you're completely fine with
DRi5yR5iSCA-00127-00040469-00040562 just letting it be.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00128-00040574-00040880 This one's six and a half ounces of cold press neem - a hundred percent if you
DRi5yR5iSCA-00129-00040880-00041210 can get it. Four teaspoons of insecticidal soap,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00130-00041213-00041411 I'll put a link in the description for the one that we like.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00131-00041417-00041693 As well as four gallons of warm water.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00132-00041693-00041948 Now let's talk about how to actually mix that mixture together,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00133-00041948-00042065 whichever recipe you're using.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00134-00042068-00042359 So to mix it together you're going to want to mix your insecticidal soap with
DRi5yR5iSCA-00135-00042359-00042719 the warm water first, in a sprayer. I'll toss a sprayer in the description too.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00136-00042752-00043163 Then mix in your neem oil slowly and try to incorporate it,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00137-00043172-00043484 cause remember oil and water. The soap is important in this mixture.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00138-00043484-00043943 Not only as an insecticidal deterrent but also because it helps
DRi5yR5iSCA-00139-00043943-00044390 blend the water and the oil. But still, as you mix that neem oil in,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00140-00044390-00044457 in your sprayer,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00141-00044457-00044822 make sure you're shaking it as you're actually spraying it on the plant matter.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00142-00044837-00045251 And make sure when you're actually spraying you spray both the top of the leaves
DRi5yR5iSCA-00143-00045269-00045533 and the underside as well as any stems or crevices.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00144-00045560-00045887 Because we all know these pests can be really sneaky and you want those early
DRi5yR5iSCA-00145-00045887-00046082 larval forms, when they come out of their egg form,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00146-00046115-00046484 to actually ingest the neem by ingesting the plant matter.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00147-00046484-00046769 And it has to be coated for that to happen. If you've watched this far,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00148-00046769-00047027 congratulations, because you now get the secret weapon.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00149-00047054-00047390 What is the secret weapon? Well, it has nothing to do with neem oil at all.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00150-00047390-00047875 It is the debris, the trash that is left over after you press the neem oil.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00151-00047875-00048185 Look at this right here. This is called neem cake fertilizer.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00152-00048224-00048695 So it is just the compressed and sort of chunked up seed debris that
DRi5yR5iSCA-00153-00048695-00048989 comes from the neem after you press it. Now, why would you use this? Well,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00154-00048989-00049277 it's plant matter. So there's going to be some organic nutrition within it.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00155-00049277-00049427 In this case, the one that I have,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00156-00049430-00049778 which is from a company called Aina Company,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00157-00049835-00050108 I'll put it in the description, good friends of mine. They're out in Hawaii.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00158-00050147-00050492 That's where I get mine. It's a 5-1-1, so pretty high in nitrogen.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00159-00050513-00050888 But there's a couple interesting things that it seems like it does.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00160-00050888-00051208 And it's why I put it in the planting hole of my plants rather than scatter it
DRi5yR5iSCA-00161-00051209-00051623 over the cross, over the top of the soil. It just seems to be more effective.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00162-00051650-00052079 So number one, it seems to inhibit nematode growth,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00163-00052088-00052475 at least the negative ones. Those that can be very deadly underneath the soil,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00164-00052475-00052670 attacking the roots, all that kind of stuff.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00165-00052673-00052979 It seems to decrease their population. That's really, really good.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00166-00053009-00053432 The other thing it seems to do is inhibit bacteria that do a process called
DRi5yR5iSCA-00167-00053432-00053502 nitrification,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00168-00053502-00053835 where they form nitrates and sort of pull nitrogen out of the soil for a little
DRi5yR5iSCA-00169-00053835-00053889 bit.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00170-00053889-00054380 And so being a 5-1-1 high nitrogen fertilizer and having that sort
DRi5yR5iSCA-00171-00054381-00054783 of quality to it, it seems like what it does is it supercharges itself.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00172-00054786-00055209 It makes its own nitrogen more available by inhibiting the bacteria that would
DRi5yR5iSCA-00173-00055209-00055545 pull it out of the ability for the plant to actually uptake it. So,
DRi5yR5iSCA-00174-00055545-00055953 really interesting qualities. I have absolutely loved this.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00175-00055953-00056439 I've gone through many bags here and it's become a really good staple here at
DRi5yR5iSCA-00176-00056439-00056811 the Epic Garden. So neem oil, neem cake fertilizer, my secret weapon.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00177-00056816-00057029 I'll put some links in the description. Hope you enjoyed this.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00178-00057030-00057219 Leave any questions or Comments down below.
DRi5yR5iSCA-00179-00057225-00057396 Good luck in the garden and keep on growing.
DSjAU80KamQ-00000-00000100-00000400 Greetings to those of you who are here in the room.
DSjAU80KamQ-00001-00000400-00001100 And to those of you who are joining us online.
DSjAU80KamQ-00002-00001100-00001500 We are happy to welcome you here to American
DSjAU80KamQ-00003-00001500-00001900 University Washington College of Law.  My
DSjAU80KamQ-00004-00001900-00002300 name is Michael Carroll, one of the cofaculty directors of the program on
DSjAU80KamQ-00005-00002300-00002700 information justice and intellectual property along with Professor
DSjAU80KamQ-00006-00002700-00003100 Christine Farley.  We're in our 10th year of doing this
DSjAU80KamQ-00007-00003100-00003500 Supreme Court series, where we enviet counsel of record and counsel
DSjAU80KamQ-00008-00003500-00003900 for the friends of the court to join us in cases
DSjAU80KamQ-00009-00003900-00004300 involving intellectual property, we're now adding technology law cases as
DSjAU80KamQ-00010-00004300-00004600 well to the series.  To find out the news of the day in
DSjAU80KamQ-00011-00004600-00005200 terms of the Supreme Court in our areas of law.
DSjAU80KamQ-00012-00005200-00005500 And so today we're going to talk about the case of Gonzalez v. Google, we
DSjAU80KamQ-00013-00005500-00006000 have a distinguished panel I'll introduce in just a minute.
DSjAU80KamQ-00014-00006000-00006400 But I'm going to go ahead and set up the legal issue that the court has --
DSjAU80KamQ-00015-00006400-00006700 had to wrestle with today and give you a substantive introduction to what
DSjAU80KamQ-00016-00006700-00007000 the legal basis for the argument will be.
DSjAU80KamQ-00017-00007000-00007400 We'll then do a quick round of just letting the lawyers tell you what
DSjAU80KamQ-00018-00007400-00007700 their various positions were in their briefs before the Court, and we'll
DSjAU80KamQ-00019-00007700-00008100 spend most of the time talking about what we can and can't learn from the
DSjAU80KamQ-00020-00008100-00008700 argument that took place this morning.  So this case
DSjAU80KamQ-00021-00008700-00009200 is about
DSjAU80KamQ-00022-00009200-00009500 cap Section 230(c)(1) of the communications Act which provides
DSjAU80KamQ-00023-00009500-00010000 immunity for providers of interactive computer services.
DSjAU80KamQ-00024-00010000-00010400 I'm sorry, one other announcement, in this series there is
DSjAU80KamQ-00025-00010400-00010900 a related case, we'll be doing an event tomorrow at
DSjAU80KamQ-00026-00010900-00011400 5:00 only online, so we won't be in person, then we have
DSjAU80KamQ-00027-00011400-00011800 two trademark cases coming up, on March
DSjAU80KamQ-00028-00011800-00012200 21st are and March 22nd, and we'll end this term with
DSjAU80KamQ-00029-00012200-00012700 a patent case.
DSjAU80KamQ-00030-00012700-00013100 Section 230(c)(1), 1996, it's added to the Communications
DSjAU80KamQ-00031-00013100-00013500 act.  It provides for protection -- blocking
DSjAU80KamQ-00032-00013500-00013900 and screening of offensive material.  Here's the
DSjAU80KamQ-00033-00013900-00014400 basic thing.  No provider or user of an
DSjAU80KamQ-00034-00014400-00014800 interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher
DSjAU80KamQ-00035-00014800-00015200 or speaker of information provided by
DSjAU80KamQ-00036-00015200-00015700 another information content provider.  So some of the core questions that
DSjAU80KamQ-00037-00015700-00016100 came up -- what counts as an interactive computer service and when
DSjAU80KamQ-00038-00016100-00016500 are you acting as one, what counts as being a publisher or
DSjAU80KamQ-00039-00016500-00016900 speaker of information and what counts as being an information
DSjAU80KamQ-00040-00016900-00017300 content provider.  Congress has some answers in the
DSjAU80KamQ-00041-00017300-00017700 definitions.  In information content provider is the
DSjAU80KamQ-00042-00017700-00018200 person responsible in whole or in part, and that's important because it's
DSjAU80KamQ-00043-00018200-00018600 possible a third party posts a video, the platform does something to that
DSjAU80KamQ-00044-00018600-00019000 video, in theory they could both be responsible for the development or
DSjAU80KamQ-00045-00019000-00019200 creation of that information.  And that's one of the issues that's
DSjAU80KamQ-00046-00019200-00019600 discussed.  So the information content provider,
DSjAU80KamQ-00047-00019600-00020000 the platform is only immune if it's another, and if they're not a
DSjAU80KamQ-00048-00020000-00020300 codeveloper.  What does it mean to be responsible
DSjAU80KamQ-00049-00020300-00020800 for the development?  Here the case law has stepped in, in
DSjAU80KamQ-00050-00020800-00021200 the ninth Sur kit it says you're responsible for the development of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00051-00021200-00021600 material if you're dealing with third-party content, if the platform
DSjAU80KamQ-00052-00021600-00021900 or the service provider materially contributes to the
DSjAU80KamQ-00053-00021900-00022500 content's alleged unlawfulness.  That's a fairly narrow reading.
DSjAU80KamQ-00054-00022500-00022800 And that's in the room merits
DSjAU80KamQ-00055-00022800-00023100 case.   roommates case.
DSjAU80KamQ-00056-00023100-00023500 In addition, you are not responsible for the development if what the
DSjAU80KamQ-00057-00023500-00023900 platform is doing is providing, quote, unquote, neutral tools in the way
DSjAU80KamQ-00058-00023900-00024400 users are matched with content.  So those are development is the magic
DSjAU80KamQ-00059-00024400-00024800 word, neutral tools is a magic word.  One other thing that came up in
DSjAU80KamQ-00060-00024800-00025200 argument, especially Justice Gorsuch focused on
DSjAU80KamQ-00061-00025200-00025700 this, is what counts as providing an interactive computer
DSjAU80KamQ-00062-00025700-00026000 service, any information service system or access software
DSjAU80KamQ-00063-00026000-00026400 provider, which is not something I usually teach when we deal with this,
DSjAU80KamQ-00064-00026400-00026800 but it got a lot of play today, the provider enables computer
DSjAU80KamQ-00065-00026800-00027300 access by multiple users, so that access software provider is also
DSjAU80KamQ-00066-00027300-00027700 a defined term, and that means
DSjAU80KamQ-00067-00027700-00028100 if you provide server software and it allows for the filter
DSjAU80KamQ-00068-00028100-00028600 screen allow or allow
DSjAU80KamQ-00069-00028600-00029000 content -- or a bunch of other verbs, so one of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00070-00029000-00029400 issues is at stake when social media provide persist algorithms that help
DSjAU80KamQ-00071-00029400-00029800 recommend videos to you, are they legally responsible because
DSjAU80KamQ-00072-00029800-00030200 that recommendation is independent of the video that was uploaded?
DSjAU80KamQ-00073-00030200-00030700 That's the core of the debate.  So with that also
DSjAU80KamQ-00074-00030700-00031100 set-up, I'm going to get out of the way
DSjAU80KamQ-00075-00031100-00031500 and creed this seat to Dr. Franks and I'll go down to the end eastbound and
DSjAU80KamQ-00076-00031500-00032700 introduce our panel.  Just give me a minute so switch
DSjAU80KamQ-00077-00032700-00033100 sides.  So I'm going to let bob Tolchin was
DSjAU80KamQ-00078-00033100-00033300 going to join us but his partner is here instead, so Keith is going to
DSjAU80KamQ-00079-00033300-00033800 introduce himself and I'll introduce the others.
DSjAU80KamQ-00080-00033800-00034300 >> My name is Keith Altman from the law office
DSjAU80KamQ-00081-00034300-00034600 of Keith Altman, I filed the original complaint in 2016, I've
DSjAU80KamQ-00082-00034600-00035200 been working with the matter for the last almost seven years.
DSjAU80KamQ-00083-00035200-00035800 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: To his right is Christopher Mohr.
DSjAU80KamQ-00084-00035800-00036200 The president of the -- the software
DSjAU80KamQ-00085-00036200-00036600 information industry association which filed an amicus brief
DSjAU80KamQ-00086-00036600-00036900 in support of the respondent.  And he's been at SIA
DSjAU80KamQ-00087-00036900-00037400 as the senior vice-president and general counsel.
DSjAU80KamQ-00088-00037400-00037800 In addition to acting as the front-facing advocate
DSjAU80KamQ-00089-00037800-00038300 for intellectual property policy and he runs its
DSjAU80KamQ-00090-00038300-00038700 antipiracy program, Chris is also created the strategic
DSjAU80KamQ-00091-00038700-00039100 filing program in which the organization chooses when
DSjAU80KamQ-00092-00039100-00039500 to get involved and have its voice heard before the courts of appeals.
DSjAU80KamQ-00093-00039500-00039900 To his right
DSjAU80KamQ-00094-00039900-00040400 is Tom -- Tom
DSjAU80KamQ-00095-00040400-00040800 McBrien who is at the Electronic Privacy Information
DSjAU80KamQ-00096-00040800-00041300 Center and he's a -- an epic law fellow and they filed
DSjAU80KamQ-00097-00041300-00041700 a brief in support of neither party, he's a graduate of New York
DSjAU80KamQ-00098-00041700-00042100 University Law School where he served as
DSjAU80KamQ-00099-00042100-00042500 senior editor of the journal and he's -- he was student fellow coordinator
DSjAU80KamQ-00100-00042500-00043000 for the Privatery Research Group and the students chapter of
DSjAU80KamQ-00101-00043000-00043400 the National Lawyers Guild.  To his right is
DSjAU80KamQ-00102-00043400-00043800 Dr. Mary Anne Franks, she's a professor of law and
DSjAU80KamQ-00103-00043800-00044300 a scholar chair at Miami Universitys School of Law she's also
DSjAU80KamQ-00104-00044300-00044700 the president and legislative and tech policy director of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00105-00044700-00044800 Cyber Civil Rights Initiative a nonprofit organization dedicated to
DSjAU80KamQ-00106-00044800-00045200 combating online abuse and discrimination.
DSjAU80KamQ-00107-00045200-00045700 And they filed a brief in this case in support of the petitioner.
DSjAU80KamQ-00108-00045700-00046200 She's an nationally and internationally recognize
DSjAU80KamQ-00109-00046200-00047000 expwriervelgtdz and
DSjAU80KamQ-00110-00047000-00047300 dismoocialgz
DSjAU80KamQ-00111-00047300-00047800 sphwhriernlings glienchtdz to her right is Andrew Bridges, the counsel
DSjAU80KamQ-00112-00047800-00048200 of record for the brief of the internet infrastructure coalition and a number
DSjAU80KamQ-00113-00048200-00048700 of other tech companies in support of
DSjAU80KamQ-00114-00048700-00049100 neither party, he's led and won multiple
DSjAU80KamQ-00115-00049100-00049400 cases and has also drafted important and influential amicus briefs
DSjAU80KamQ-00116-00049400-00049800 in a wide variety of Internet and technology cases.
DSjAU80KamQ-00117-00049800-00050400 And he's the cochair of
DSjAU80KamQ-00118-00050400-00050800 Fenwick litigation practice.  And last but not least, Thomas
DSjAU80KamQ-00119-00050800-00051300 Berry, a research fellow at the Cato
DSjAU80KamQ-00120-00051300-00051600 Institute, and he's the editor in chief of the Supreme Court review
DSjAU80KamQ-00121-00051600-00052000 there.  And the brief was actually a joint
DSjAU80KamQ-00122-00052000-00052400 brief of the Cato Institute,
DSjAU80KamQ-00123-00052400-00052800 and Americans for Tax Reform and their brief was filed in support of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00124-00052800-00053200 respondent.  Prior to that he was at the Pacific
DSjAU80KamQ-00125-00053200-00053700 Legal Foundation and clerked for Judge
DSjAU80KamQ-00126-00053700-00054100 Jolly.  Without further ado I want to get to
DSjAU80KamQ-00127-00054100-00054500 hear what the parties had to say, so we were not able to be joined
DSjAU80KamQ-00128-00054500-00054900 by any of Google's counsel, so Mr. Bridges was kind enough to basically
DSjAU80KamQ-00129-00054900-00055300 step in and he will tell us what Google
DSjAU80KamQ-00130-00055300-00055500 argued, but first we'll hear from the petitioner and tell us a little bit
DSjAU80KamQ-00131-00055500-00056000 about what your argument is before the court.
DSjAU80KamQ-00132-00056000-00056700 >> KEITH
DSjAU80KamQ-00133-00056700-00057100 ALTMAN: Today, when I first filed the case, it seemed that
DSjAU80KamQ-00134-00057100-00057600 Google was going way beyond what
DSjAU80KamQ-00135-00057600-00058000 a normal accomplisher would be in that it was
DSjAU80KamQ-00136-00058000-00058400 directing its content at specific people based upon what they know about
DSjAU80KamQ-00137-00058400-00058900 you, and what you're looking at, they were placing ads,
DSjAU80KamQ-00138-00058900-00059400 they were recommending additional videos, the bottom line is
DSjAU80KamQ-00139-00059400-00059900 they were trying to take what they knew about you to give you
DSjAU80KamQ-00140-00059900-00060400 content to recommend content to you.  And that just seemed to be
DSjAU80KamQ-00141-00060400-00060800 fundamentally wrong when it came to assisting Isis in
DSjAU80KamQ-00142-00060800-00061300 our perspective in developing into the organization that it is today.
DSjAU80KamQ-00143-00061300-00061600 It's our perspective without Google, Isis would be
DSjAU80KamQ-00144-00061600-00062000 50 guys jumping up and down chanting around a fire in the middle of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00145-00062000-00062500 desert, and that would pretty much be the extent of it, but because of
DSjAU80KamQ-00146-00062500-00062900 social media, Isis was able to expand to recruit,
DSjAU80KamQ-00147-00062900-00063300 to radicalize, to raise money in order to become the organization that
DSjAU80KamQ-00148-00063300-00063700 they are today.  That was kind of the premise when we
DSjAU80KamQ-00149-00063700-00064400 brought the original law suit.
DSjAU80KamQ-00150-00064400-00064700 Today our argument was -- to the extent you can
DSjAU80KamQ-00151-00064700-00065100 argue in front of the Supreme Court, they said take two minutes and they're
DSjAU80KamQ-00152-00065100-00065400 going to take the rest of the time and boy did they take the rest of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00153-00065400-00065900 time.  Not only did they take the next 15
DSjAU80KamQ-00154-00065900-00066400 minutes of our time, but they went on probably for probably
DSjAU80KamQ-00155-00066400-00066700 45 minutes beyond that, just with our side of
DSjAU80KamQ-00156-00066700-00067000 the equation, and the entire argument was over 2½ hours.
DSjAU80KamQ-00157-00067000-00067700 Which was about twice as long as what was planned for.
DSjAU80KamQ-00158-00067700-00068200 In 98h any event, it's our perspective the
DSjAU80KamQ-00159-00068200-00068700 recommendations suggesting to others that this is content that you would be
DSjAU80KamQ-00160-00068700-00069100 interested in, that is
DSjAU80KamQ-00161-00069100-00069600 what Google and other social media companies do to
DSjAU80KamQ-00162-00069600-00070000 expand their -- expand their reach and to expand the
DSjAU80KamQ-00163-00070000-00070500 reach of others indirectly through
DSjAU80KamQ-00164-00070500-00071000 this.  Google was a wear that Isis was
DSjAU80KamQ-00165-00071000-00071400 using their platform, they had been advised of this many times
DSjAU80KamQ-00166-00071400-00071800 by many different individuals at many different levels, so one could
DSjAU80KamQ-00167-00071800-00072300 not say Google simply was just surprised that Isis was
DSjAU80KamQ-00168-00072300-00072700 using their platforms.  And so
DSjAU80KamQ-00169-00072700-00073100 we came in showing Isis, that Google was aware
DSjAU80KamQ-00170-00073100-00073500 of Isis' content, I don't think there's any question that there's
DSjAU80KamQ-00171-00073500-00073900 substantial Isis content on the platform, and so the whole
DSjAU80KamQ-00172-00073900-00074300 issue here is by recommending it to
DSjAU80KamQ-00173-00074300-00074700 you, are you getting outside of Section
DSjAU80KamQ-00174-00074700-00075200 230, which is -- talks about liability if you are a publisher.
DSjAU80KamQ-00175-00075200-00075600 And recommending content to people based upon what you know about them is
DSjAU80KamQ-00176-00075600-00076000 not publishing in our view.  That goes to a whole other level.
DSjAU80KamQ-00177-00076000-00076600 It's not an essential element of publishing, it never has been.
DSjAU80KamQ-00178-00076600-00076900 In terms of the questions that were asked, it's very, very
DSjAU80KamQ-00179-00076900-00077000 clear --  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: We're going to get
DSjAU80KamQ-00180-00077000-00077600 the substance first and then do another round.
DSjAU80KamQ-00181-00077600-00077800 >> KEITH ALTMAN: Okay.  Poirg thank you, that was
DSjAU80KamQ-00182-00077800-00078300 very brief, and I -- that's what we want at this round.
DSjAU80KamQ-00183-00078300-00078500 Andrew, just very quickly, what was the respondent's position on
DSjAU80KamQ-00184-00078500-00079000 Section 230 here?  >> ANDREW BRIDGES: Sure.
DSjAU80KamQ-00185-00079000-00079200 First I'd like to say one thing I thought
DSjAU80KamQ-00186-00079200-00079600 all of the principle arguments were quite short.
DSjAU80KamQ-00187-00079600-00080100 The lawyers spoke for a few minutes, and then cut back and said,
DSjAU80KamQ-00188-00080100-00080500 we would be happy to take questions.  It was shorter than I expected it to
DSjAU80KamQ-00189-00080500-00080900 be, honestly.  But the Google, I want to make
DSjAU80KamQ-00190-00080900-00081300 clear, I don't represent Google, I filed an amicus brief
DSjAU80KamQ-00191-00081300-00081800 supporting Google, but I'm channeling what I saw from Google's counsel
DSjAU80KamQ-00192-00081800-00082200 there, which is first she said that publication
DSjAU80KamQ-00193-00082200-00082600 is any type of communication of any type of
DSjAU80KamQ-00194-00082600-00083100 information and that Section 230 should provide protection
DSjAU80KamQ-00195-00083100-00083600 for claims where the harm is alleged to
DSjAU80KamQ-00196-00083600-00084100 flow from the information.  And then she
DSjAU80KamQ-00197-00084100-00084400 said, she acknowledged that targeted
DSjAU80KamQ-00198-00084400-00084800 recommendations are prioritization based on what is known about the users
DSjAU80KamQ-00199-00084800-00085300 and about the context, she was concerned that plaintiffs can always
DSjAU80KamQ-00200-00085300-00085700 artfully plead around what was assumed to be
DSjAU80KamQ-00201-00085700-00086100 the core [indiscernible] Section 230, which is the provision of information
DSjAU80KamQ-00202-00086100-00086400 itself, by claiming that it was simply the prioritization of the information
DSjAU80KamQ-00203-00086400-00086900 already available on the website that would establish a claim.
DSjAU80KamQ-00204-00086900-00087200 She said that all publication
DSjAU80KamQ-00205-00087200-00087600 involves organization of some sort.  And if we use a newspaper analogy, a
DSjAU80KamQ-00206-00087600-00088000 newspaper has to decide what goes on page 1 and what goes on page 20.
DSjAU80KamQ-00207-00088000-00088200 If you decide to rank posts by reverse chronological order,
DSjAU80KamQ-00208-00088200-00088700 that's a form of organization as well.
DSjAU80KamQ-00209-00088700-00089000 So she was trying to say organization is no separate -- is not
DSjAU80KamQ-00210-00089000-00089400 separate from the provision of the information itself.
DSjAU80KamQ-00211-00089400-00089900 She said that this
DSjAU80KamQ-00212-00089900-00090300 represented a conscious decision by Congress in enacting the law
DSjAU80KamQ-00213-00090300-00090800 to prevent lawsuits that would stifle the growth of the internet in
DSjAU80KamQ-00214-00090800-00091200 its infancy.
DSjAU80KamQ-00215-00091200-00091600 And that owing to 230F4, it's
DSjAU80KamQ-00216-00091600-00092100 inherent in an interactive service, she didn't phrase it like that, for
DSjAU80KamQ-00217-00092100-00092500 services to pick and choose and to
DSjAU80KamQ-00218-00092500-00093000 subset material and the like and to organize and reorganize material,
DSjAU80KamQ-00219-00093000-00093400 that's the essence of interactivity.  So when you're provided protection
DSjAU80KamQ-00220-00093400-00093800 for interactive computer services, you don't lose protection because of those
DSjAU80KamQ-00221-00093800-00094100 actions.  And she was saying finding needth in a
DSjAU80KamQ-00222-00094100-00094400 haystack is an essential function of the internet.
DSjAU80KamQ-00223-00094400-00094800 Those -- that's really the capsule summary of the argument.
DSjAU80KamQ-00224-00094800-00095400 I will say this, I was struck during the questions how
DSjAU80KamQ-00225-00095400-00095800 frequently justice has moved from social media targeted recommendations
DSjAU80KamQ-00226-00095800-00096000 to Google search.  And the ranking of search results by
DSjAU80KamQ-00227-00096000-00096500 Google search as an analogy.  Thank you.
DSjAU80KamQ-00228-00096500-00096700 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: So --  >> ANDREW BRIDGES: I'm not telling you
DSjAU80KamQ-00229-00096700-00097100 what I argued.  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: Let's go down the
DSjAU80KamQ-00230-00097100-00097500 line, then, and we'll let each -- so one thing to note,
DSjAU80KamQ-00231-00097500-00097800 this case, one signal for how important this case is is the number
DSjAU80KamQ-00232-00097800-00098200 of amicus briefs that were attracted on both sides.
DSjAU80KamQ-00233-00098200-00098700 There were -- and the Court made mention of this multiple
DSjAU80KamQ-00234-00098700-00099100 times.  The stakes are quite high, and I think
DSjAU80KamQ-00235-00099100-00099500 the court got that.  So we have with us only a small
DSjAU80KamQ-00236-00099500-00099900 subset of the friends of the Court, and on the petitioner's side
DSjAU80KamQ-00237-00099900-00100300 there was substantial focus on the various kinds of harm
DSjAU80KamQ-00238-00100300-00100700 that these recommendation algorithms can produce, not just in
DSjAU80KamQ-00239-00100700-00101200 connecting people with terrorist content, but other kinds of content.
DSjAU80KamQ-00240-00101200-00101500 And of course large -- a number of supporters of the tech industry
DSjAU80KamQ-00241-00101500-00101900 supported Google's position.  So this -- there was just a lot of
DSjAU80KamQ-00242-00101900-00102300 action, but among the panelists we have, Chris, you represent a group
DSjAU80KamQ-00243-00102300-00102400 of these technology companies, so why don't you start us off with your
DSjAU80KamQ-00244-00102400-00103400 position.  >> CHRISTOPHER MOHR: Sure.
DSjAU80KamQ-00245-00103400-00103800 Thanks, I think to riff off
DSjAU80KamQ-00246-00103800-00104200 what Michael was talking about, as an amicus here,
DSjAU80KamQ-00247-00104200-00104400 one of the things, the fist thing you wonder when you see something like
DSjAU80KamQ-00248-00104400-00104900 this is okay, why did the Court take this case?
DSjAU80KamQ-00249-00104900-00105300 And what could go wrong?  And
DSjAU80KamQ-00250-00105300-00105800 from our perspective, quite a bit.
DSjAU80KamQ-00251-00105800-00106200 We as an amicus, one of the luxuries is you do not have to answer every
DSjAU80KamQ-00252-00106200-00106800 part of the question presented.  You get to pick and choose which
DSjAU80KamQ-00253-00106800-00107200 parts of the legal framework and other frameworks you want to
DSjAU80KamQ-00254-00107200-00107500 emphasize.  For us, it was pretty
DSjAU80KamQ-00255-00107500-00108000 straightforward.  It was -- we believe there were a lot
DSjAU80KamQ-00256-00108000-00108400 of folks who were going to cover different types of parade of
DSjAU80KamQ-00257-00108400-00108800 horribles.  For us it seemed as a group that is
DSjAU80KamQ-00258-00108800-00109300 dedicated to what we call the -- to the information life cycle, at least as
DSjAU80KamQ-00259-00109300-00109600 we defined it, which is a healthy environment for its creation,
DSjAU80KamQ-00260-00109600-00109800 dissemination and productive use, there were a couple of things that were
DSjAU80KamQ-00261-00109800-00110600 really important.  The most important thing was that
DSjAU80KamQ-00262-00110600-00111100 these recommendations are a way that is indistinguishable functionally
DSjAU80KamQ-00263-00111100-00111500 from search for -- from finding relevant information
DSjAU80KamQ-00264-00111500-00111900 in an unstructured dataset.  From our point of view, they were the
DSjAU80KamQ-00265-00111900-00112300 same thing.  And that was apparent, the parallels
DSjAU80KamQ-00266-00112300-00112700 between those two things is they come up in argument, I'm sure we'll
DSjAU80KamQ-00267-00112700-00113200 get into all kinds of stuff, but the parallels
DSjAU80KamQ-00268-00113200-00113600 between the problems that were identified, for example, in academic
DSjAU80KamQ-00269-00113600-00114100 literature and 1992, still existed in 1996
DSjAU80KamQ-00270-00114100-00114500 and they still exist now, they're just being solved with
DSjAU80KamQ-00271-00114500-00115100 better processors, and a much, much, much higher scale.
DSjAU80KamQ-00272-00115100-00115500 From the pure legal
DSjAU80KamQ-00273-00115500-00116000 side, we were
DSjAU80KamQ-00274-00116000-00116300 emphasizing Section F4, I keep wanting to say
DSjAU80KamQ-00275-00116300-00117000 A4 and I don't know why.  And I've been doing that since
DSjAU80KamQ-00276-00117000-00117500 November.  And its definition of access
DSjAU80KamQ-00277-00117500-00117900 software provider, which in our view is
DSjAU80KamQ-00278-00117900-00118400 sort of -- essentially on a surplus of jargon, if
DSjAU80KamQ-00279-00118400-00118800 you read the statute the way petitioners have suggested that it
DSjAU80KamQ-00280-00118800-00119300 should be read, the access software provision and much of
DSjAU80KamQ-00281-00119300-00119700 the protection, there and C1 becomes
DSjAU80KamQ-00282-00119700-00120200 a dead letter.  And the costs of
DSjAU80KamQ-00283-00120200-00120600 that would be an -- a large amount of litigation that is not really going
DSjAU80KamQ-00284-00120600-00121000 to fall as much on Google who can handle it, because they've got the
DSjAU80KamQ-00285-00121000-00121400 checkbook to do it, it is on smaller
DSjAU80KamQ-00286-00121400-00122000 folks that will not be able to afford the cost of that
DSjAU80KamQ-00287-00122000-00122100 litigation or the realistically the cost of ensuring against that
DSjAU80KamQ-00288-00122100-00123400 litigation.  And I'll stop there.
DSjAU80KamQ-00289-00123400-00123800 >> THOMAS McBRIEN: In our brief we filed in support of neither party, but
DSjAU80KamQ-00290-00123800-00124300 our argument was in support of a more narrow reading of Section
DSjAU80KamQ-00291-00124300-00124600 230, which we believe to have been the original intent when the law was
DSjAU80KamQ-00292-00124600-00124900 drafted.  So I would say our argument overall
DSjAU80KamQ-00293-00124900-00125300 supports the petitioner's claims more than the respondent's.
DSjAU80KamQ-00294-00125300-00125600 I will just pull out a few of the main points of our
DSjAU80KamQ-00295-00125600-00125900 brief and why we felt comfortable making that argument to illustrate a
DSjAU80KamQ-00296-00125900-00126400 lot of these points I'll talk about a case that happened in the second
DSjAU80KamQ-00297-00126400-00126800 circuit a while back.  We participated as an amicus
DSjAU80KamQ-00298-00126800-00127200 in that case too, it's
DSjAU80KamQ-00299-00127200-00127600 Harrick versus Grinder.  What happened was a man sued
DSjAU80KamQ-00300-00127600-00128100 the hookup app
DSjAU80KamQ-00301-00128100-00128500 grnder, alleges products liability.  What had happened was, an ex had
DSjAU80KamQ-00302-00128500-00129000 been making fake profiles on the website of him saying my
DSjAU80KamQ-00303-00129000-00129200 biggest fantasy in the world is surprise rape sex, and I will
DSjAU80KamQ-00304-00129200-00129600 give you drugs if you provide this to me.
DSjAU80KamQ-00305-00129600-00130000 He had dozens of men coming to his home and
DSjAU80KamQ-00306-00130000-00130300 work every day, over a thousand over the course of a few months, following
DSjAU80KamQ-00307-00130300-00130600 up on these profiles.  The same activity was happening on
DSjAU80KamQ-00308-00130600-00131100 other hook-up apps as well, but they had procedures.
DSjAU80KamQ-00309-00131100-00131500 When he notified them this was happening, they
DSjAU80KamQ-00310-00131500-00131900 implemented and did things like identity verification,
DSjAU80KamQ-00311-00131900-00132300 IP address blocking et cetera griender wouldn't.
DSjAU80KamQ-00312-00132300-00132700 The thrust of his claim was this was an unreasonably dangerous product.
DSjAU80KamQ-00313-00132700-00133100 Unfortunately the case was pretty summarily kicked out on
DSjAU80KamQ-00314-00133100-00133600 230 grounds, saying you would not and could not have brought this
DSjAU80KamQ-00315-00133600-00133900 suit without Grinder's activity which flowed from its
DSjAU80KamQ-00316-00133900-00134100 status as a publisher.  It was publishing fake accounts,
DSjAU80KamQ-00317-00134100-00134500 you're trying to hold it liable for not taking them down.
DSjAU80KamQ-00318-00134500-00135100 We think that's a wrong result and the true cost of Section 230.
DSjAU80KamQ-00319-00135100-00135500 Section 230 provides benefits, but these are the kind
DSjAU80KamQ-00320-00135500-00135900 of costs that are really expansive reading of Section 230
DSjAU80KamQ-00321-00135900-00136300 provides, and we think the problematic part is it's being used to
DSjAU80KamQ-00322-00136300-00136700 immuneize companies' own behaviors.  Here a decision not to implement
DSjAU80KamQ-00323-00136700-00137100 certain safety features.  Google
DSjAU80KamQ-00324-00137100-00137600 warned with a more narrow reading of Section 230 we'll see this
DSjAU80KamQ-00325-00137600-00137800 flood of liability and litigation that will force companies
DSjAU80KamQ-00326-00137800-00138200 either to oversensor or retract services all together.
DSjAU80KamQ-00327-00138200-00138500 I think what this case shows is there's already a lot of built-in protections
DSjAU80KamQ-00328-00138500-00139000 in the law.  Products liability, you can't just say
DSjAU80KamQ-00329-00139000-00139300 this product harmed me, you lose.  If that were the case, yes,
DSjAU80KamQ-00330-00139300-00139600 we'd probably worry about products liability suits against these
DSjAU80KamQ-00331-00139600-00139700 companies.  Instead they're built-in protections
DSjAU80KamQ-00332-00139700-00140300 like showing a reasonable alternative design.
DSjAU80KamQ-00333-00140300-00140700 Or that consumers reasonable expectations [indiscernible] by the
DSjAU80KamQ-00334-00140700-00141100 design of this tool.  That defense along with other very
DSjAU80KamQ-00335-00141100-00141600 robust defenses like First Amendment defenses, heightened meeting
DSjAU80KamQ-00336-00141600-00142000 defenses, there's a constellation of protections we think makes
DSjAU80KamQ-00337-00142000-00142300 us not as worried about this flood of
DSjAU80KamQ-00338-00142300-00143000 litigation concerned, this parade of horribles.
DSjAU80KamQ-00339-00143000-00143500 And so I'll just leave off with that.  Trying to separate in people's
DSjAU80KamQ-00340-00143500-00143800 minds a lack of automatic immunity from the imposition of enormous
DSjAU80KamQ-00341-00143800-00144200 amounts of liability without questioning what would that claim be?
DSjAU80KamQ-00342-00144200-00144600 Would that claim work?  Would -- if a company
DSjAU80KamQ-00343-00144600-00144800 organized its behavior in reverse chronological order, what kind on
DSjAU80KamQ-00344-00144800-00145200 of claim would be brought trying to seek that liable?
DSjAU80KamQ-00345-00145200-00145600 These are the questions we need toe ask when anticipating whether there's
DSjAU80KamQ-00346-00145600-00145900 going to be enormous amounts of liability with a narrow reading of
DSjAU80KamQ-00347-00145900-00146300 230.  I would be happy to talk more about
DSjAU80KamQ-00348-00146300-00146700 the exact tests we proposed for whether a claim is immunized or not, but maybe
DSjAU80KamQ-00349-00146700-00147000 we can save that for a bit rate
DSjAU80KamQ-00350-00147000-00147500 hater.  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: Professor franks.
DSjAU80KamQ-00351-00147500-00147900 >> MARY ANNE FRANKS: The brief we wrote is also on behalf of myself and
DSjAU80KamQ-00352-00147900-00148400 Daniel, whose work you may know.  And it really goes back in some
DSjAU80KamQ-00353-00148400-00148900 ways to Professor Carroll's first slide about what is issue here,
DSjAU80KamQ-00354-00148900-00149300 what is Section 230 about.  What you saw, mostly you get talked
DSjAU80KamQ-00355-00149300-00149600 about is the C1 language.  That part about you shouldn't
DSjAU80KamQ-00356-00149600-00150100 treat interactive computer service providers as publishers or speakers.
DSjAU80KamQ-00357-00150100-00150400 What we emphasize in our brief is that's only part of
DSjAU80KamQ-00358-00150400-00150800 the statute.  And an equally if not more important
DSjAU80KamQ-00359-00150800-00151300 part of the statute is C2.  C2 is the part of the statute that
DSjAU80KamQ-00360-00151300-00151700 says you will not actually -- that you are given immunity from civil
DSjAU80KamQ-00361-00151700-00152100 liability if you engage in certain actions that you take voluntarily and
DSjAU80KamQ-00362-00152100-00152500 in good faith to restrict access to harmful content.
DSjAU80KamQ-00363-00152500-00152900 So what we do in our brief is we say, we need to step back from this
DSjAU80KamQ-00364-00152900-00153200 conversation about what counts as publishing, what is an editorial
DSjAU80KamQ-00365-00153200-00153600 fudges, all of those things to some extent are beside the point.
DSjAU80KamQ-00366-00153600-00153900 If we look at the text and the legislative history of Section
DSjAU80KamQ-00367-00153900-00154400 230, it's literally called a Good Samaritan statute.
DSjAU80KamQ-00368-00154400-00154700 So that is the operative provision
DSjAU80KamQ-00369-00154700-00154900 title, Good Samaritan protections of blocking and screening for offensive
DSjAU80KamQ-00370-00154900-00155400 material.  To take a detour as to what a Good
DSjAU80KamQ-00371-00155400-00155700 Samaritan statute normally does, in the 1990s it was clear what a Good
DSjAU80KamQ-00372-00155700-00155900 Samaritan statute does.  It essentially provides an incentive
DSjAU80KamQ-00373-00155900-00156300 for people to offer assistance when they don't have to.
DSjAU80KamQ-00374-00156300-00156700 It's that simple.  So if someone is having a heart attack
DSjAU80KamQ-00375-00156700-00157100 and you don't know that person and you're not responsible for that
DSjAU80KamQ-00376-00157100-00157500 person, the idea is that if you know CPR, you would in fact maybe
DSjAU80KamQ-00377-00157500-00157900 offer CPR because you would not have to worry about getting sued in case
DSjAU80KamQ-00378-00157900-00158400 you do it wrong, in case something happens, the Good Samaritan statute
DSjAU80KamQ-00379-00158400-00158800 that exists in essentially every jurisdiction in the United States is
DSjAU80KamQ-00380-00158800-00159200 exactly that kind of law.  Here is an incentive that is to say
DSjAU80KamQ-00381-00159200-00159500 the benefit of not getting sued if you do something that you are not
DSjAU80KamQ-00382-00159500-00159900 obligated to do, that attempts to help someone.
DSjAU80KamQ-00383-00159900-00160100 Now, if that is the title of the statute, if that is what the
DSjAU80KamQ-00384-00160100-00160300 legislators at the time were saying, this is what we're trying to do for
DSjAU80KamQ-00385-00160300-00160800 the internet, what are they trying to say?
DSjAU80KamQ-00386-00160800-00161200 They're saying there are so many bad things on the internet, this is 1996.
DSjAU80KamQ-00387-00161200-00161600 So many things have gotten worse, but even then to say there are so many bad
DSjAU80KamQ-00388-00161600-00162000 things, and they're going to be so many disincentives for these companies
DSjAU80KamQ-00389-00162000-00162300 to do anything about it.  So we would like to have a Good
DSjAU80KamQ-00390-00162300-00162700 Samaritan law for the internet.  That's C2.
DSjAU80KamQ-00391-00162700-00163200 Now, the point we're making about the questions in C1 about publishers, and
DSjAU80KamQ-00392-00163200-00163400 treating as speakers, we argue has got to be read in a way
DSjAU80KamQ-00393-00163400-00163900 that's cohercht in terms of it being a Good Samaritan statute.
DSjAU80KamQ-00394-00163900-00164300 Which is to say, if you read C1 as saying you can have the benefit of
DSjAU80KamQ-00395-00164300-00164500 civil immunity if you don't do anything to help, you can have the benefit of
DSjAU80KamQ-00396-00164500-00165100 civil immunity if you actually encourage the help.
DSjAU80KamQ-00397-00165100-00165300 You -- you can have this kind of immunity if you actually profit from
DSjAU80KamQ-00398-00165300-00165700 the harm.  If we imagine how that would work in
DSjAU80KamQ-00399-00165700-00166200 terms of an offline Good Samaritan statute, it would be unIntellible.
DSjAU80KamQ-00400-00166200-00166600 The idea you would say, you person who have voluntarily intervened
DSjAU80KamQ-00401-00166600-00166800 to give assistance, you get a benefit, but the bystander that does nothing,
DSjAU80KamQ-00402-00166800-00167000 you get a benefit, and the guy that goes through the poor man's pockets
DSjAU80KamQ-00403-00167000-00167600 while he's unconscious, you also get a benefit.
DSjAU80KamQ-00404-00167600-00167900 So our argument is that there's no way you can interpret C1 of
DSjAU80KamQ-00405-00167900-00168400 the statute in the way the tech industry has in the sense of what we
DSjAU80KamQ-00406-00168400-00168800 call an unqualified immunity that would not render it inconsistent as a Good
DSjAU80KamQ-00407-00168800-00169100 Samaritan statute.  And can the consequences of that are
DSjAU80KamQ-00408-00169100-00169500 extremely serious.  That the status quo far from being a
DSjAU80KamQ-00409-00169500-00169900 kind of ideal mix of good speech and what have you or democracy or whatever
DSjAU80KamQ-00410-00169900-00170100 the argument is, that the status quo incentivizes, it
DSjAU80KamQ-00411-00170100-00170500 incentivizes tech companies to be reckless.
DSjAU80KamQ-00412-00170500-00170900 Because they will never have to pay for being reckless.
DSjAU80KamQ-00413-00170900-00171300 And in fact, what we know, what we know from whistleblower documents, we
DSjAU80KamQ-00414-00171300-00171700 don't know this in so many cases, because 230 keeps us away
DSjAU80KamQ-00415-00171700-00172100 from discovery, but what we know is these companies really do know that
DSjAU80KamQ-00416-00172100-00172500 the harmful content they promote on their platforms is going to be the
DSjAU80KamQ-00417-00172500-00173000 really profitable content.  So they have made conscious choices in
DSjAU80KamQ-00418-00173000-00173200 the past, being full ah away of the harm that's going to flow from those
DSjAU80KamQ-00419-00173200-00173700 actions and have done it anyway because it means more profit.
DSjAU80KamQ-00420-00173700-00174100 Now, if that's going to be the kind of qualified -- unqualified immunity that
DSjAU80KamQ-00421-00174100-00174500 Section 230 gives, you can see how it is that it's not only defeating a Good
DSjAU80KamQ-00422-00174500-00174900 Samaritan purpose, it's we versely incentivizing the opposite.
DSjAU80KamQ-00423-00174900-00175300 Those are the kinds of concerns one has, especially when the argument
DSjAU80KamQ-00424-00175300-00175600 from the side of let's say Google and others is, this is the best of all
DSjAU80KamQ-00425-00175600-00175900 possible worlds, and you don't want to change the status quo because that
DSjAU80KamQ-00426-00175900-00176300 would break the internet, the response being, the internet is broken, at
DSjAU80KamQ-00427-00176300-00176700 least for the people who have suffered, died, pen attacked, been
DSjAU80KamQ-00428-00176700-00177100 threatened, had their privacy violated, have had pictures
DSjAU80KamQ-00429-00177100-00177400 of them released without their consent, for those people the internet
DSjAU80KamQ-00430-00177400-00177600 isn't actually working.  So in addition to the point that was
DSjAU80KamQ-00431-00177600-00178000 made before about the difference between whether or not you get
DSjAU80KamQ-00432-00178000-00178400 immunity from the statute and how that does not mean necessarily you are
DSjAU80KamQ-00433-00178400-00178800 responsible for everything, if it -- we find that you are not going to get
DSjAU80KamQ-00434-00178800-00179100 immunity for a certain kind of action, that doesn't mean you suddenly become
DSjAU80KamQ-00435-00179100-00179500 responsible for the harm.  It would be like saying, look, we're
DSjAU80KamQ-00436-00179500-00179800 not going to let the passive bystander
DSjAU80KamQ-00437-00179800-00180100 [indiscernible] immunity for the guy who is having a heart attack because
DSjAU80KamQ-00438-00180100-00180400 you didn't do anything to help, but you're also not suddenly responsible
DSjAU80KamQ-00439-00180400-00180800 for the heart attack.  You would have to do something else.
DSjAU80KamQ-00440-00180800-00181000 There would have to be some other kind of blame worthy action on
DSjAU80KamQ-00441-00181000-00181600 your part before we can talk about that.
DSjAU80KamQ-00442-00181600-00182100 And to the question [indiscernible]
DSjAU80KamQ-00443-00182100-00182400 worried about, what we're underscoring is essentially every industry
DSjAU80KamQ-00444-00182400-00182800 other than the tech industry [indiscernible].
DSjAU80KamQ-00445-00182800-00183200 As individuals in this room have far fewer resources than
DSjAU80KamQ-00446-00183200-00184400 Google [indiscernible] would also have
DSjAU80KamQ-00447-00184400-00185200 [indiscernible] given [indiscernible] tech industry.
DSjAU80KamQ-00448-00185200-00185600 [indiscernible]
DSjAU80KamQ-00449-00185600-00188100 [ Zoom audio issues ]
DSjAU80KamQ-00450-00188100-00188300 >> One thing that disturbs me that it got so little air time before today,
DSjAU80KamQ-00451-00188300-00188800 by justice Barrett flagged it is this.
DSjAU80KamQ-00452-00188800-00189300 This statute protects big tech and small tech
DSjAU80KamQ-00453-00189300-00189700 and users equally.  If the court
DSjAU80KamQ-00454-00189700-00190200 is going to change the protection for
DSjAU80KamQ-00455-00190200-00190600 providers of these interactive computer services, there is
DSjAU80KamQ-00456-00190600-00191100 no way of applying a rule to theme does not equally
DSjAU80KamQ-00457-00191100-00191500 apply to users, because it's entirely parallel in
DSjAU80KamQ-00458-00191500-00192000 the statute.  And that means if protection
DSjAU80KamQ-00459-00192000-00192400 gets cut back, that means users will be liable
DSjAU80KamQ-00460-00192400-00192800 for sharing an article from online on a Facebook account.
DSjAU80KamQ-00461-00192800-00193200 They would be liable for forwarding an email message that came to them.
DSjAU80KamQ-00462-00193200-00193700 They may be liable for retweeting, they
DSjAU80KamQ-00463-00193700-00194200 mare be liable for liking, because those are
DSjAU80KamQ-00464-00194200-00194700 deliberate prioritization actions, conscious, deliberate prioritization
DSjAU80KamQ-00465-00194700-00195100 by users, which to me would be far more inflammatory than the
DSjAU80KamQ-00466-00195100-00195600 automated algorithmic prioritization, and unless somebody
DSjAU80KamQ-00467-00195600-00196100 can explain why the Supreme Court could in a principled fashion change
DSjAU80KamQ-00468-00196100-00196500 the rule when the law says no provider or user of
DSjAU80KamQ-00469-00196500-00196900 an interactive computer service shall be treated, I can't understand
DSjAU80KamQ-00470-00196900-00197400 why it's not a serious risk to all users of the internet,
DSjAU80KamQ-00471-00197400-00197800 particularly users who might be vulnerable to threats of litigation,
DSjAU80KamQ-00472-00197800-00198200 maybe users at the margin, this statute protects them.
DSjAU80KamQ-00473-00198200-00198400 That's number one.  Number two, I don't like the phrase,
DSjAU80KamQ-00474-00198400-00198900 and we objected to the phrase -- let me back up.
DSjAU80KamQ-00475-00198900-00199300 I represent intercept infrastructure companies, but
DSjAU80KamQ-00476-00199300-00199700 given all the bad arguments we saw for the petitioners in the case,
DSjAU80KamQ-00477-00199700-00200100 they went far beyond what their parochial concern was.
DSjAU80KamQ-00478-00200100-00200400 Because they're concerned about the health of 230 as a whole, not just how
DSjAU80KamQ-00479-00200400-00200600 it affects them.  Because it affects the internet as a
DSjAU80KamQ-00480-00200600-00201000 whole which ends up affecting all the players.
DSjAU80KamQ-00481-00201000-00201400 One of the problems is this phrase "targeted recommendations."
DSjAU80KamQ-00482-00201400-00201900 It sounds like some conscious targeting, I'm taking you and
DSjAU80KamQ-00483-00201900-00202400 you as a person,
DSjAU80KamQ-00484-00202400-00202800 I'm recommending that you do something -- it was a feed.
DSjAU80KamQ-00485-00202800-00203200 It was a prioritized feed based on how a user
DSjAU80KamQ-00486-00203200-00203700 had interacted with the system, what clicks occurred, other data
DSjAU80KamQ-00487-00203700-00204000 available about online behavior of the user, but it's really
DSjAU80KamQ-00488-00204000-00204400 just prioritization.  And what's the alternative to it?
DSjAU80KamQ-00489-00204400-00205000 So you go to YouTube and you see -- get a
DSjAU80KamQ-00490-00205000-00205400 Lou Reed song.  Is YouTube not supposed to suggest
DSjAU80KamQ-00491-00205400-00205800 anything to you?  Or instead of suggesting a David bowie
DSjAU80KamQ-00492-00205800-00206100 song to you, it should suggest a video on how to plant
DSjAU80KamQ-00493-00206100-00206500 marigolds.  That's not what users want when they
DSjAU80KamQ-00494-00206500-00206900 go to these places.  The prioritization isn't some
DSjAU80KamQ-00495-00206900-00207200 sinister target -- this is not a recommendation that people go out and
DSjAU80KamQ-00496-00207200-00207400 commit terrorism.  This is if you are interested in video
DSjAU80KamQ-00497-00207400-00208300 A, you may like or be interested in video B.
DSjAU80KamQ-00498-00208300-00208700 Second -- the plaintiffs kept saying there's unlimited immunity under
DSjAU80KamQ-00499-00208700-00209100 Section 230.  In our brief I filled an entire page
DSjAU80KamQ-00500-00209100-00209500 and stopped, there fine print footnotes of all the decisions that
DSjAU80KamQ-00501-00209500-00209900 have in fact found in certain circumstances no immunity for
DSjAU80KamQ-00502-00209900-00210100 service providers.  So the concept of unlimited immunity
DSjAU80KamQ-00503-00210100-00210700 did not exist.  Finally, I'll address this.
DSjAU80KamQ-00504-00210700-00211100 Some suggested, well, there should
DSjAU80KamQ-00505-00211100-00211600 be no protection if you know or should have known that something is bad.
DSjAU80KamQ-00506-00211600-00211900 I want to drill on
DSjAU80KamQ-00507-00211900-00212300 that.  Somebody writes to Google and says
DSjAU80KamQ-00508-00212300-00212400 this is defamatory?  What does Google know?
DSjAU80KamQ-00509-00212400-00212900 This is not just a matter of scale, folks.
DSjAU80KamQ-00510-00212900-00213300 This is a matter of competence.  If I put up
DSjAU80KamQ-00511-00213300-00213700 a -- if I run a social media network where one lucky person gets to post
DSjAU80KamQ-00512-00213700-00214100 per month, and
DSjAU80KamQ-00513-00214100-00214500 somebody posts a statement about a
DSjAU80KamQ-00514-00214500-00214900 member of Congress being a pedophile, I get a letter saying
DSjAU80KamQ-00515-00214900-00215200 that's defamatory, take it down, now, how am I supposed to
DSjAU80KamQ-00516-00215200-00215600 determine that as a service provider?  I don't have subpoena power.
DSjAU80KamQ-00517-00215600-00216100 I tote have discovery power.  How am I supposed to validate whether
DSjAU80KamQ-00518-00216100-00216500 it is defamatory or not?  The problem of
DSjAU80KamQ-00519-00216500-00217000 competence is huge, and this is analogous
DSjAU80KamQ-00520-00217000-00217400 to the Sony betamax case in copy
DSjAU80KamQ-00521-00217400-00217700 write law.  It was more of a knowledge case than
DSjAU80KamQ-00522-00217700-00218200 write.  The question is, is Sony chargeable
DSjAU80KamQ-00523-00218200-00218600 with actual knowledge of infringement because its product is
DSjAU80KamQ-00524-00218600-00218900 capable of -- because its product is capable of infringement?
DSjAU80KamQ-00525-00218900-00219300 And people are going to use it for infringement.
DSjAU80KamQ-00526-00219300-00219500 Maybe statistically likely to.  And the Supreme Court has not gone
DSjAU80KamQ-00527-00219500-00219900 there.  It said no, it's not going to be
DSjAU80KamQ-00528-00219900-00220300 charged with knowledge so long as the product is capable of
DSjAU80KamQ-00529-00220300-00220700 substantial noninfringing use.  Now let's say
DSjAU80KamQ-00530-00220700-00221200 there's a terrorist attack -- a Syrian terrorist attack on YouTube.
DSjAU80KamQ-00531-00221200-00221700 What do I know about that?  I don't know whether that
DSjAU80KamQ-00532-00221700-00222000 is somebody who is documenting Syrian war crimes, or whether this
DSjAU80KamQ-00533-00222000-00222400 is something who is saying, Renata Amaral, Renata Amaral, Renata Amaral,
DSjAU80KamQ-00534-00222400-00222900 are 9-11 videos versus Christ church
DSjAU80KamQ-00535-00222900-00223300 massacre videos, are some of them promoting terrorism versus displaying
DSjAU80KamQ-00536-00223300-00223700 the horrors of terrorism?  Do we know why somebody is do we
DSjAU80KamQ-00537-00223700-00224100 know this is an impressionable 18-year-old kid in some
DSjAU80KamQ-00538-00224100-00224300 foreign country who might --
DSjAU80KamQ-00539-00224300-00224700 who might be incentivized to commit murder?
DSjAU80KamQ-00540-00224700-00224900 Or maybe it's an 18-year-old student journalist in the foreign
DSjAU80KamQ-00541-00224900-00225000 country --  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: We're not in
DSjAU80KamQ-00542-00225000-00225400 court.  >> ANDREW BRIDGES: Okay.
DSjAU80KamQ-00543-00225400-00225900 Those are the issues.  The knowledge question is a huge
DSjAU80KamQ-00544-00225900-00226000 one that I think has not been addressed sufficient bely, but
DSjAU80KamQ-00545-00226000-00226300 it's certainly in our brief.  Thanks.
DSjAU80KamQ-00546-00226300-00226600 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: Thanks.  Tom, finish this off, because I do
DSjAU80KamQ-00547-00226600-00227100 want to get to the argument.  There was a lot to talk about.
DSjAU80KamQ-00548-00227100-00227300 >> THOMAS McBRIEN:   >> THOMAS BERRY:
DSjAU80KamQ-00549-00227300-00227700 Absolutely.  One of the most important topics is
DSjAU80KamQ-00550-00227700-00228100 even though Section 230 has been around since 1996, this is the
DSjAU80KamQ-00551-00228100-00228600 first time it's reached the Supreme Court, so we have a ton
DSjAU80KamQ-00552-00228600-00229000 of Court of Appeals decisions that have built up various lingo and
DSjAU80KamQ-00553-00229000-00229400 shorthand terms.  But not all those are
DSjAU80KamQ-00554-00229400-00229800 connected to the text.  So we wanted to remind the
DSjAU80KamQ-00555-00229800-00230300 court the shorthand Times are not themselves the test or the operative
DSjAU80KamQ-00556-00230300-00230700 legal requirements, it's the actual text, the main one is
DSjAU80KamQ-00557-00230700-00231200 traditional editorial functions test, that was in one of the very first
DSjAU80KamQ-00558-00231200-00231600 Section 230 cases and even though that can
DSjAU80KamQ-00559-00231600-00232000 be useful to look at the statutory question, which is is this claim
DSjAU80KamQ-00560-00232000-00232400 treating the defendant as a publisher, sometimes courts have gone too far and
DSjAU80KamQ-00561-00232400-00232800 sort of looked at, what is the business model of a publishing company, or
DSjAU80KamQ-00562-00232800-00233300 things like that.  Specific example was the descent
DSjAU80KamQ-00563-00233300-00233800 by the late judge in Force versus Facebook, which put on
DSjAU80KamQ-00564-00233800-00234200 the map this argument that recommendations are not protected by
DSjAU80KamQ-00565-00234200-00234600 Section 230, and the judge's dissent put a lot of weight on this
DSjAU80KamQ-00566-00234600-00234800 traditional editorial functions phrase as if that was sort of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00567-00234800-00235200 determinative factor.  So he said though it can be useful, it
DSjAU80KamQ-00568-00235200-00235600 shouldn't replace the fundamental question, which is, is this treating
DSjAU80KamQ-00569-00235600-00236000 the defendant as a publisher of this speech at issue that's allegedly
DSjAU80KamQ-00570-00236000-00236600 caused the harm.  Second main issue we focused
DSjAU80KamQ-00571-00236600-00236700 on, was the -- again, the issue of who is most
DSjAU80KamQ-00572-00236700-00237200 likely to be harmed by this, big tech versus small ek the.
DSjAU80KamQ-00573-00237200-00237600 We focused on in our view there's a fundamental difference between the
DSjAU80KamQ-00574-00237600-00238000 business model of tech versus other companies, there is a plausible reason
DSjAU80KamQ-00575-00238000-00238400 why tech is different and does need to be treated differently legally, the
DSjAU80KamQ-00576-00238400-00238800 orders of magnitude of the sheer amount of data, sheer amount of submissions
DSjAU80KamQ-00577-00238800-00239000 they get daily isn't comparable to any other business or any other individual
DSjAU80KamQ-00578-00239000-00239600 that we can imagine, or that have ever existed before.
DSjAU80KamQ-00579-00239600-00240000 And so even if Google or the giant tech can probably survive the amount
DSjAU80KamQ-00580-00240000-00240400 of liability here, it's unlikely that smaller tech
DSjAU80KamQ-00581-00240400-00240900 companies would, and we pointed out the difference between the U.S. and
DSjAU80KamQ-00582-00240900-00241200 other European countries that don't have a Section 230 model, they also
DSjAU80KamQ-00583-00241200-00241700 have about 1-10th of the lawyers per capita the United States has.
DSjAU80KamQ-00584-00241700-00242000 So simply being liable to be sued even if you can potentially win at an
DSjAU80KamQ-00585-00242000-00242500 early stage, it's a lot more expensive just to be sued in the United States
DSjAU80KamQ-00586-00242500-00242900 than it is in most other countries.  And then finally,
DSjAU80KamQ-00587-00242900-00243300 we focused on this issue of neutrality, which has gotten a lot
DSjAU80KamQ-00588-00243300-00243700 of debate, should that matter at all.  The ninth circuit, it's unclear how
DSjAU80KamQ-00589-00243700-00244100 much they hung their hat on this, but they say the algorithm
DSjAU80KamQ-00590-00244100-00244500 was neutral, it wasn't intentionally promoting Isis, no one
DSjAU80KamQ-00591-00244500-00244700 at Google or YouTube wanted to promote Isis, but there's a question of, so
DSjAU80KamQ-00592-00244700-00245100 what?  Isn't the logical extension of
DSjAU80KamQ-00593-00245100-00245500 Google's argument that even if they did like Isis, it would still be protected
DSjAU80KamQ-00594-00245500-00245900 by Section 230, just like the newspaper editor that wants to put a story above
DSjAU80KamQ-00595-00245900-00246300 the fold, and we essentially said, yes, it usually does not matter, but it can
DSjAU80KamQ-00596-00246300-00246700 be relevant in a few instances the Court should keep in mind, for example
DSjAU80KamQ-00597-00246700-00247200 there's an exemption of illegal conduct and
DSjAU80KamQ-00598-00247200-00247600 so if you're nonneutral and the point is you're
DSjAU80KamQ-00599-00247600-00248000 promoting illegal speech or conduct, that can waive
DSjAU80KamQ-00600-00248000-00248500 Section 230 protection.  And also we said, we agreed with
DSjAU80KamQ-00601-00248500-00248900 the decision called Roommates which ask where a website
DSjAU80KamQ-00602-00248900-00249300 actively encouraged people to fill -- to ask for only roommates of
DSjAU80KamQ-00603-00249300-00249700 particular sex and gender, which is illegal, they essentially promoted or
DSjAU80KamQ-00604-00249700-00250200 helped develop illegal conduct that was being uploaded, and we argued in
DSjAU80KamQ-00605-00250200-00250600 those cases, where an algorithm is not neutral and it's essentially guiding
DSjAU80KamQ-00606-00250600-00251100 the user to help -- in the helping to create the recommendation, then
DSjAU80KamQ-00607-00251100-00251500 that combination of the nonneutral algorithm into some sort
DSjAU80KamQ-00608-00251500-00251800 of new content could potentially be void in
DSjAU80KamQ-00609-00251800-00252300 Section 230 protection because it's not -- no longer just information
DSjAU80KamQ-00610-00252300-00252700 provided by the user.  But we argued neither
DSjAU80KamQ-00611-00252700-00253200 of those rare exceptions for nonneutrality are present in this
DSjAU80KamQ-00612-00253200-00253600 case.  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: So Court only
DSjAU80KamQ-00613-00253600-00253700 heard one case today, they normally hear two, they said 70 minutes aside
DSjAU80KamQ-00614-00253700-00254200 for argument, and they took over two hours.
DSjAU80KamQ-00615-00254200-00254400 The counsel ended their arguments early and said we welcome your questions,
DSjAU80KamQ-00616-00254400-00254900 and boy did the justices have questions.
DSjAU80KamQ-00617-00254900-00255100 So Keith, there's so much there, but I guess what would you treat as the most
DSjAU80KamQ-00618-00255100-00255500 significant moments from your perspective?
DSjAU80KamQ-00619-00255500-00256100 >> KEITH ALTMAN: I'll
DSjAU80KamQ-00620-00256100-00256500 just --  >> I'll say justice
DSjAU80KamQ-00621-00256500-00257000 cag's remark that those aren't
DSjAU80KamQ-00622-00257000-00257500 the experts in the world --  >> KEITH
DSjAU80KamQ-00623-00257500-00257900 ALTMAN: I think the real issues with the issues on the Court is
DSjAU80KamQ-00624-00257900-00258200 how far does this go?  I think they were troubled by coming
DSjAU80KamQ-00625-00258200-00258900 up with a rule that simply says, okay, this is okay, this is not okay.
DSjAU80KamQ-00626-00258900-00259300 It was -- when you came to Google searches, for example,
DSjAU80KamQ-00627-00259300-00259800 came up, and how do you take recommendations,
DSjAU80KamQ-00628-00259800-00260100 how do you tie that into searches?  So I think the
DSjAU80KamQ-00629-00260100-00260400 Court focused a lot on the parameters of this.
DSjAU80KamQ-00630-00260400-00260700 They want to come out with a rule, they want to give guidance.
DSjAU80KamQ-00631-00260700-00261300 They want to say do this or don't do that.
DSjAU80KamQ-00632-00261300-00261600 And I think they were clearly trucked
DSjAU80KamQ-00633-00261600-00262100 by -- troubled by where do you draw the line?
DSjAU80KamQ-00634-00262100-00262600 I think that they never
DSjAU80KamQ-00635-00262600-00263000 really looked at the issues in the context of just
DSjAU80KamQ-00636-00263000-00263300 the fact this was one particular case where we were talking about
DSjAU80KamQ-00637-00263300-00263700 terrorism.  And the context of terrorism and how
DSjAU80KamQ-00638-00263700-00263900 does that fit is going to be a case heard tomorrow which is going to focus
DSjAU80KamQ-00639-00263900-00264400 more on the terrorism aspect of what's going on.
DSjAU80KamQ-00640-00264400-00264800 But they were looking at it in a much, much bigger
DSjAU80KamQ-00641-00264800-00265200 picture, and I think -- they've got a lot
DSjAU80KamQ-00642-00265200-00265600 to think about.  It wasn't 70 minutes per side, it was
DSjAU80KamQ-00643-00265600-00266100 70 minutes total.  And they took
DSjAU80KamQ-00644-00266100-00266300 2:45, which flabbergasted me and anybody that was sitting there that
DSjAU80KamQ-00645-00266300-00266800 had to go to the bathroom.  We were struggling.
DSjAU80KamQ-00646-00266800-00267100 And personally, I had to get up at some point, and can I could not wait any
DSjAU80KamQ-00647-00267100-00267500 longer.  I think that was the feeling of most
DSjAU80KamQ-00648-00267500-00267900 of the people.  So I think overall the Court is really
DSjAU80KamQ-00649-00267900-00268300 wrestling with just how big this really is.
DSjAU80KamQ-00650-00268300-00269000 In listening to all the other perspectives here,
DSjAU80KamQ-00651-00269000-00269400 clearly the -- to just look at this in the terrorism
DSjAU80KamQ-00652-00269400-00269900 context, which is all we really brought this up in, is
DSjAU80KamQ-00653-00269900-00270100 probably not good enough, but is it the
DSjAU80KamQ-00654-00270100-00270700 big bugaboo that everybody says that I don't know.
DSjAU80KamQ-00655-00270700-00271200 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: We'll go down the line.
DSjAU80KamQ-00656-00271200-00271600 >> CHRISTOPHER MOHR: So for me
DSjAU80KamQ-00657-00271600-00272100 I think -- there were a number of significant parts, there's
DSjAU80KamQ-00658-00272100-00272400 one piece of this that -- we haven't
DSjAU80KamQ-00659-00272400-00272700 talked about yet, which is the great briefed elephant in the room.
DSjAU80KamQ-00660-00272700-00273200 By that I mean what the government says and how they do.
DSjAU80KamQ-00661-00273200-00273600 Because the government's position, and obviously
DSjAU80KamQ-00662-00273600-00274100 I'm not speaking for them, so nobody come to my house
DSjAU80KamQ-00663-00274100-00274500 angry,
DSjAU80KamQ-00664-00274500-00275100 the
DSjAU80KamQ-00665-00275100-00275500 they said certain things would be out, and certain things would be not out,
DSjAU80KamQ-00666-00275500-00276000 and you could be liable for those.  What happened, there was an
DSjAU80KamQ-00667-00276000-00276500 extended -- extensive exchange with the solicitor general's office where
DSjAU80KamQ-00668-00276500-00276900 they really struggled to adopt their test and
DSjAU80KamQ-00669-00276900-00277300 make it work for them.  They just could not figure out
DSjAU80KamQ-00670-00277300-00277600 how to drought line.  So I agree, I think
DSjAU80KamQ-00671-00277600-00278100 there are two -- there's a way you can get in trouble and there's a way you
DSjAU80KamQ-00672-00278100-00278400 can stay out of trouble.  The way you can get in trouble is to
DSjAU80KamQ-00673-00278400-00278800 say, this libelous statement is awesome and we adopt it.
DSjAU80KamQ-00674-00278800-00279200 You're screwed.  The way you stay out of trouble is
DSjAU80KamQ-00675-00279200-00279700 by simply republishing whatever that statement
DSjAU80KamQ-00676-00279700-00280100 was at the direction of another, narrow embellishments,
DSjAU80KamQ-00677-00280100-00280600 no ranking, and somewhir in the middle, somewhere
DSjAU80KamQ-00678-00280600-00280800 inside of that line on -- inside of that
DSjAU80KamQ-00679-00280800-00281200 expressive option line, that's where they were struggling, and that's where
DSjAU80KamQ-00680-00281200-00281700 they were really struggling to find the line that would be workable,
DSjAU80KamQ-00681-00281700-00282200 realizing that there are a number of externalities that occur when you do
DSjAU80KamQ-00682-00282200-00282500 that, and if those, counting nodeses there were
DSjAU80KamQ-00683-00282500-00282900 at least three or four of them that were inclined to punt to Congress,
DSjAU80KamQ-00684-00282900-00283300 based on the way they acted.  >> What does that mean to
DSjAU80KamQ-00685-00283300-00283600 punt?  >> Congress isn't going to do anything
DSjAU80KamQ-00686-00283600-00284000 if the court doesn't say, here's what the law says and if you don't like it,
DSjAU80KamQ-00687-00284000-00284400 Congress, you can change it.  >> This is
DSjAU80KamQ-00688-00284400-00284800 Robert Tolchin.  >> ANDREW BRIDGES: I think this is a
DSjAU80KamQ-00689-00284800-00285100 significant chance that we're going to see the writ did its missed as
DSjAU80KamQ-00690-00285100-00285500 improperly granted.  That is the easiest and probably most
DSjAU80KamQ-00691-00285500-00285800 benign resolution here and they all acknowledged depending on how the
DSjAU80KamQ-00692-00285800-00286200 [indiscernible] versus Twitter decision goes, which is likely to go
DSjAU80KamQ-00693-00286200-00286500 in Twitter's favor, then they could say, that's the way to resolve this
DSjAU80KamQ-00694-00286500-00286900 case, we don't have to reach 230, send it back.
DSjAU80KamQ-00695-00286900-00287400 >> But they still have to reach
DSjAU80KamQ-00696-00287400-00287800 it because they said once they decide what
DSjAU80KamQ-00697-00287800-00288200 [indiscernible] provisions are, this case, Gonzalez was not
DSjAU80KamQ-00698-00288200-00288700 up in this court on ATA, and they
DSjAU80KamQ-00699-00288700-00289100 have to -- if it goes wack to the ninth
DSjAU80KamQ-00700-00289100-00289400 circuit, plaintiff gets a chance to amend potentially to [indiscernible].
DSjAU80KamQ-00701-00289400-00290100 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: I want to hear from the other panelists.
DSjAU80KamQ-00702-00290100-00290500 We can keep this conversation going.  >> THOMAS McBRIEN: I don't know if
DSjAU80KamQ-00703-00290500-00290900 I've ever heard an oral argument where the justicers expressed
DSjAU80KamQ-00704-00290900-00291100 confusion as often as in this one.  I get it, it is confusing.
DSjAU80KamQ-00705-00291100-00291600 I wish this case had not come up on the ATA.
DSjAU80KamQ-00706-00291600-00292000 I feel like that really confused things for me personally at first,
DSjAU80KamQ-00707-00292000-00292400 for the justices today.  They kept being torn back into the
DSjAU80KamQ-00708-00292400-00292800 merits of the ATA question.  And I think they're just identify
DSjAU80KamQ-00709-00292800-00293400 bring disturbed by the idea of a statute that
DSjAU80KamQ-00710-00293400-00293500 would paint making a recommendation as aiding and abetting terrorism of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00711-00293500-00294000 that's my personal view.  But that doesn't necessarily have
DSjAU80KamQ-00712-00294000-00294100 anything to do in our view with immunity under Section
DSjAU80KamQ-00713-00294100-00294600 230.  That's why this is difficult.
DSjAU80KamQ-00714-00294600-00294800 They were referencing the case tomorrow so often, I feel having
DSjAU80KamQ-00715-00294800-00295400 a difficult time separating those two questions.
DSjAU80KamQ-00716-00295400-00295500 So that was one of the big take-aways.  Definitely
DSjAU80KamQ-00717-00295500-00295800 agree with a lot of what's already been said.
DSjAU80KamQ-00718-00295800-00296100 I'll leave it there.  >> MARY ANNE FRANKS: I think I would
DSjAU80KamQ-00719-00296100-00296400 agree with that.  One thing I think you did hear
DSjAU80KamQ-00720-00296400-00296600 consistently from the justices is that they don't think the aiding and
DSjAU80KamQ-00721-00296600-00297100 abetting argument works.  So what is the consequence of that?
DSjAU80KamQ-00722-00297100-00297500 I think it means something like, first of all, we think these -- there are
DSjAU80KamQ-00723-00297500-00297800 certain claims we think are plausible, others are not, and may
DSjAU80KamQ-00724-00297800-00298200 be alarming, what does that mean for the Section 230 question?
DSjAU80KamQ-00725-00298200-00298500 In some ways it might mean, they're saying, you don't need
DSjAU80KamQ-00726-00298500-00298900 Section 230 dePhelpses to get rid of bad cases.
DSjAU80KamQ-00727-00298900-00299300 That's an important point.  I think Google was trying to push the
DSjAU80KamQ-00728-00299300-00299500 idea that without Section 230, oh, my god, all the time, you're going to be
DSjAU80KamQ-00729-00299500-00299900 held accountable for these crazy theories.
DSjAU80KamQ-00730-00299900-00300300 The fact the court wanted to say, isn't this a really weak case on the
DSjAU80KamQ-00731-00300300-00300600 merits, is really a way of saying, you don't need Section 230, what you
DSjAU80KamQ-00732-00300600-00300900 need is to look at what is being Legacy Emanueled here and there isn't
DSjAU80KamQ-00733-00300900-00301300 that strong of a case.  So I think that's part of what I think
DSjAU80KamQ-00734-00301300-00301600 the Court is looking at.  I was gratified by
DSjAU80KamQ-00735-00301600-00302000 Justice Jackson in particular, she was one of the strongest voices saying
DSjAU80KamQ-00736-00302000-00302300 let's talk about the text and history of the statute, is it a Good Samaritan
DSjAU80KamQ-00737-00302300-00302700 statute, she used those words, she seemed concerned about trying to
DSjAU80KamQ-00738-00302700-00303100 actually read the statute on its own terms, and to push back on
DSjAU80KamQ-00739-00303100-00303400 this idea that if these things aren't covered, whether that's
DSjAU80KamQ-00740-00303400-00303700 recommendations or whether it's algorithms or something else, she was
DSjAU80KamQ-00741-00303700-00304100 saying, there's plenty of other things you can do under the statute, because
DSjAU80KamQ-00742-00304100-00304500 pretty much everyone agrees C1 means you
DSjAU80KamQ-00743-00304500-00304800 can't treat an interactive computer service provider or a user as though
DSjAU80KamQ-00744-00304800-00305100 they were the speaker of someone else's content.
DSjAU80KamQ-00745-00305100-00305600 If you link to something, if you simply post something that leads to another
DSjAU80KamQ-00746-00305600-00305900 person's speech, I think they all agree that on its face, C1 says you can't be
DSjAU80KamQ-00747-00305900-00306200 held liable for that.  And then you have C2 that says you
DSjAU80KamQ-00748-00306200-00306700 could take all kinds of stuff down voluntarily and in good faith, so the
DSjAU80KamQ-00749-00306700-00307100 idea that you would simply have to have a horror show, that's nothing
DSjAU80KamQ-00750-00307100-00307500 but porn and spam, that doesn't make sense, because C2 says you're
DSjAU80KamQ-00751-00307500-00307900 protected in making those decisions.  I think that was a sophisticated
DSjAU80KamQ-00752-00307900-00308300 way of the Court not falling for this rhetoric around if you don't read
DSjAU80KamQ-00753-00308300-00308700 C2 in this Section 230, in this really
DSjAU80KamQ-00754-00308700-00309100 broad blanket unqualified way, these companies will never be able to get
DSjAU80KamQ-00755-00309100-00309500 off the ground, smaller companies in particular, but keep in mind, smaller
DSjAU80KamQ-00756-00309500-00310100 companies can do a lot of damage.  Smaller companies are
DSjAU80KamQ-00757-00310100-00310400 Parler, 4 Chan.  Because they're struggling we should
DSjAU80KamQ-00758-00310400-00310700 let them do what they want to do because they don't have the resources
DSjAU80KamQ-00759-00310700-00311100 of Google, I don't think we'd see that repeated in some other industry.
DSjAU80KamQ-00760-00311100-00311500 For all of those intuitive claims about how defamation is tricky
DSjAU80KamQ-00761-00311500-00311900 or we don't know about knowledge, or what you should have more than or what
DSjAU80KamQ-00762-00311900-00312300 does it mean when someone complains, that's a problem with distributed
DSjAU80KamQ-00763-00312300-00312600 liability, which one can object to, it doesn't exist, but it does.
DSjAU80KamQ-00764-00312600-00313000 Agriculture bullet only industry that doesn't have to deal with it is the
DSjAU80KamQ-00765-00313000-00313400 tech industry and the question is why.  If
DSjAU80KamQ-00766-00313400-00313800 Fox had the protections that Google does, we wouldn't know anything that
DSjAU80KamQ-00767-00313800-00314200 we have learned in the last week or so, because they would have been able to
DSjAU80KamQ-00768-00314200-00314600 say, hey, what -- we're not the speaker of those particular guests that came
DSjAU80KamQ-00769-00314600-00315000 on these shows and made these terrible conspiracies and lies and
DSjAU80KamQ-00770-00315000-00315300 what have you, and they would be -- we would never be in crowrt having this
DSjAU80KamQ-00771-00315300-00315600 discussion.  So if we think the defamation
DSjAU80KamQ-00772-00315600-00316000 sometimes is a good thing, if we think this is a cause of action that
DSjAU80KamQ-00773-00316000-00316400 sometimes should be held, The times got sued by Sarah Palin,
DSjAU80KamQ-00774-00316400-00316700 these things happen, we don't know how they're going to come out, ultimate
DSjAU80KamQ-00775-00316700-00317100 liability is a major question.  The idea that the tech industry
DSjAU80KamQ-00776-00317100-00317500 uniquely needs this very special shield as opposed to any other
DSjAU80KamQ-00777-00317500-00318000 industry that is engaged in the speech business seems implausible on its
DSjAU80KamQ-00778-00318000-00318400 face.  >> ANDREW BRIDGES: I will give a
DSjAU80KamQ-00779-00318400-00318800 series of bullet points.  Number one, Justice Thomas roared out
DSjAU80KamQ-00780-00318800-00319200 of the gate, leaving me to wonder, this is the guy who asked for a 230
DSjAU80KamQ-00781-00319200-00319700 case to be brought up?  He was -- he seemed hostile
DSjAU80KamQ-00782-00319700-00320400 to the petitioner's case.  He was
DSjAU80KamQ-00783-00320400-00320800 focused on the fact that there are neutral
DSjAU80KamQ-00784-00320800-00321200 algorithms and is there liability.  I think one of the other justices
DSjAU80KamQ-00785-00321200-00321600 chided him a little bit saying, we're sort of mixing the
DSjAU80KamQ-00786-00321600-00322000 230 protection versus the underlying liability, and whether it's neutral
DSjAU80KamQ-00787-00322000-00322400 or not may affect the underlying liability, and that was --
DSjAU80KamQ-00788-00322400-00322900 where he came out.  I would say four or five of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00789-00322900-00323400 justices said, our heads hurt, can't we send this to Congress?
DSjAU80KamQ-00790-00323400-00323800 It's their job.  I thought Justice Barrett was like a
DSjAU80KamQ-00791-00323800-00324200 dog on a bone on the protection of users.
DSjAU80KamQ-00792-00324200-00324700 Justice Gorsuch -- I think
DSjAU80KamQ-00793-00324700-00325000 there was broad views that the
DSjAU80KamQ-00794-00325000-00325400 neutral algorithm approach of the ninth circuit, whether it was a focus
DSjAU80KamQ-00795-00325400-00325600 of that court or incidental, I think there's broad feeling that
DSjAU80KamQ-00796-00325600-00326100 doesn't work.  So they're not going to adopt that.
DSjAU80KamQ-00797-00326100-00326500 Because Justice Gorsuch was showing neutral algorithms can
DSjAU80KamQ-00798-00326500-00327100 create material, new material, they're not just repeating.
DSjAU80KamQ-00799-00327100-00327300 Justice Jackson was like a dog on a bone with the title of the act.
DSjAU80KamQ-00800-00327300-00327900 That's what she was focusing on the whole time.
DSjAU80KamQ-00801-00327900-00328300 Justice Kagan was focused on Google search.
DSjAU80KamQ-00802-00328300-00328800 A number of justices were focused on Google search, and the
DSjAU80KamQ-00803-00328800-00329200 rankings there.  Justice Sotomayor
DSjAU80KamQ-00804-00329200-00329800 concerned very concerned about letting job opportunity
DSjAU80KamQ-00805-00329800-00329900 websites off the hook if their targeted
DSjAU80KamQ-00806-00329900-00330100 recommendations implement discriminatory practices.
DSjAU80KamQ-00807-00330100-00330500 So I think she was concerned about that.
DSjAU80KamQ-00808-00330500-00330800 She doesn't want to let them off the hook
DSjAU80KamQ-00809-00330800-00331600 for targeting blacks for certain jobs and whites for other jobs, perhaps.
DSjAU80KamQ-00810-00331600-00332000 And then somebody to your point, somebody pointed out that distributor
DSjAU80KamQ-00811-00332000-00332200 liability is considered secondary bilkerrer liability, so if you're
DSjAU80KamQ-00812-00332200-00332800 interpreting statute, publisher embraces both.
DSjAU80KamQ-00813-00332800-00333200 I think the last thing I'll say S. I was surprised that
DSjAU80KamQ-00814-00333200-00333700 from my perspective pro-respondent I found the
DSjAU80KamQ-00815-00333700-00334100 greatest concern to be with Justices Jackson
DSjAU80KamQ-00816-00334100-00334400 and Sotomayor, they are the most likely to rule for the petitioners.
DSjAU80KamQ-00817-00334400-00335200 And how the others break, I'm not sure.
DSjAU80KamQ-00818-00335200-00335600 >> THOMAS BERRY: I agree, the general stay the argument,
DSjAU80KamQ-00819-00335600-00335900 I agreed Justice Jackson seemed by far the most sympathetic to the
DSjAU80KamQ-00820-00335900-00336300 petitioners and the most hostile respondent.
DSjAU80KamQ-00821-00336300-00336700 There was an interesting statutory interpretation question here, which is
DSjAU80KamQ-00822-00336700-00337000 to what extent should the title of a provision influence how you interpret
DSjAU80KamQ-00823-00337000-00337500 it.  Is that an evidence of congressional
DSjAU80KamQ-00824-00337500-00337900 intent, and even if it is, can
DSjAU80KamQ-00825-00337900-00338200 intent -- can the history or an indication of intent alter the meaning
DSjAU80KamQ-00826-00338200-00338500 of the words, the operative provisions beneath that title?
DSjAU80KamQ-00827-00338500-00339000 So that might be an interesting debate we see in the opinions when they come
DSjAU80KamQ-00828-00339000-00339400 out.  I was struck that the petitioners
DSjAU80KamQ-00829-00339400-00339800 versus the United States seemed to focus on two different theories of
DSjAU80KamQ-00830-00339800-00340200 liability.  The petitioners now and in oral
DSjAU80KamQ-00831-00340200-00340600 argument have kind of shifted to focus more on
DSjAU80KamQ-00832-00340600-00341100 content developed by the website itself, things like URLs and
DSjAU80KamQ-00833-00341100-00341500 thumbnails, the notion that those aren't made by the uploaders of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00834-00341500-00341800 videos, that the website has to pick out the thumbnail or generate the URL
DSjAU80KamQ-00835-00341800-00342300 and that that loses Section 230 protection.
DSjAU80KamQ-00836-00342300-00342700 Whereas the United States focused a lot more on the theory that
DSjAU80KamQ-00837-00342700-00343100 I thought the original petition focused on more, which is the idea
DSjAU80KamQ-00838-00343100-00343500 that boosting it or putting it at the top of your feed or saying up next,
DSjAU80KamQ-00839-00343500-00343900 the act of how you arrange them and putting a certain video first so you
DSjAU80KamQ-00840-00343900-00344300 find it more easily, that that's where you lose liability.
DSjAU80KamQ-00841-00344300-00344700 And it seemed to me the justices were more sympathetic to the United
DSjAU80KamQ-00842-00344700-00344900 States' theory and seemed more confused by the petitioner's focusing
DSjAU80KamQ-00843-00344900-00345400 more on thumbnails and things like that.
DSjAU80KamQ-00844-00345400-00345800 I would say finally, there's an interesting -- I was uncertain how big
DSjAU80KamQ-00845-00345800-00346200 or small this issue is, the United States' argument tried to straddle
DSjAU80KamQ-00846-00346200-00346600 this line closely, by saying on the one hand a lot of
DSjAU80KamQ-00847-00346600-00347000 stuff in their theory is not protected by cap catch section 230, any time
DSjAU80KamQ-00848-00347000-00347400 you order something in a particular way you can sue based on the fact that
DSjAU80KamQ-00849-00347400-00347700 you ordered it in that way.  But then they would say, there are
DSjAU80KamQ-00850-00347700-00347900 very few types of liability based on ordering as opposed to based on the
DSjAU80KamQ-00851-00347900-00348100 content.  So you really don't have to worry
DSjAU80KamQ-00852-00348100-00348600 about this not being protected buyer 230.
DSjAU80KamQ-00853-00348600-00349000 And so again, I was left thinking, well, is this sort
DSjAU80KamQ-00854-00349000-00349400 of a lose-lose argument from petitioner's
DSjAU80KamQ-00855-00349400-00349700 point of view?  In other words, how much the
DSjAU80KamQ-00856-00349700-00350100 petitioners like the United States theory, or is it lose-lose in the
DSjAU80KamQ-00857-00350100-00350500 sense that the only way to buy it is to say yes, it only applies to claims
DSjAU80KamQ-00858-00350500-00350900 that -- where the actual content of the video or the upload or whatever
DSjAU80KamQ-00859-00350900-00351400 does not matter, and then in that case it's hard for me to still see how you
DSjAU80KamQ-00860-00351400-00351800 would have a cause of action that would say I can sue you for putting
DSjAU80KamQ-00861-00351800-00352200 this video up first, but this doesn't -- but my theory of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00862-00352200-00352600 case, my theory of harm doesn't have anything to do with what's actually in
DSjAU80KamQ-00863-00352600-00352800 the video.  That seemed to be the United States'
DSjAU80KamQ-00864-00352800-00353300 theory that the ordering itself is a separate thing.
DSjAU80KamQ-00865-00353300-00353800 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: If I can -- we're almost done, but I would just say, one
DSjAU80KamQ-00866-00353800-00354100 quick observation, I think Justice Kagan articulated
DSjAU80KamQ-00867-00354100-00354400 both sides of the coin.  On the one hand, there's an
DSjAU80KamQ-00868-00354400-00354700 institutional competence problem that some kind of line drawing needs to be
DSjAU80KamQ-00869-00354700-00355000 here.  Justice Sotomayor was explicit, give
DSjAU80KamQ-00870-00355000-00355400 me the line.  I want to draw a line, I think the
DSjAU80KamQ-00871-00355400-00355700 courts of appeals are interpreting Section 230 too broadly, give me
DSjAU80KamQ-00872-00355700-00356100 a line.  And I don't know that any of the
DSjAU80KamQ-00873-00356100-00356500 justices got the line that they felt comfortable enough with, because as
DSjAU80KamQ-00874-00356500-00356600 soon as you open some liability, then they wanted to
DSjAU80KamQ-00875-00356600-00356900 know, what does that lawsuit look like?
DSjAU80KamQ-00876-00356900-00357300 How frequently will it be brought?  How expensive will it be?
DSjAU80KamQ-00877-00357300-00357800 And they didn't -- I didn't get a sense they were comfortable with the answers
DSjAU80KamQ-00878-00357800-00358200 they were getting, but just a quick last -- anyone willing
DSjAU80KamQ-00879-00358200-00358600 to predict lineup?  So one option is they can
DSjAU80KamQ-00880-00358600-00358900 dismiss as granted, in which case we'll get no decision on
DSjAU80KamQ-00881-00358900-00359300 Section 230.  If we get a decision, anyone willing
DSjAU80KamQ-00882-00359300-00359600 to predict the
DSjAU80KamQ-00883-00359600-00360000 outcome?  >> THOMAS BERRY: 8-1 with the
DSjAU80KamQ-00884-00360000-00360500 respondent with Justice Jackson dissenting.
DSjAU80KamQ-00885-00360500-00360900 >> MICHAEL CARROLL: Not Alito?  I thought Justice Alito
DSjAU80KamQ-00886-00360900-00361500 was petitioner friendly.
DSjAU80KamQ-00887-00361500-00361900 >> ANDREW BRIDGES: My guess is 5-3 with one concurrence with the
DSjAU80KamQ-00888-00361900-00362300 five tagging along.  I'm
DSjAU80KamQ-00889-00362300-00363000 sorry, increase -- 6-2 with one concurrence with the six probably.
DSjAU80KamQ-00890-00363000-00363300 That would be Kagan probably.
DSjAU80KamQ-00891-00363300-00364100 The two would be Jackson and Sotomayor.
DSjAU80KamQ-00892-00364100-00364400 The majority for the respondent.  I would put my money
DSjAU80KamQ-00893-00364400-00364800 [indiscernible].  >> MICHAEL CARROLL: That's dismissed
DSjAU80KamQ-00894-00364800-00365100 as im-- there's lots more, I'm sorry we didn't move to audience questions, but
DSjAU80KamQ-00895-00365100-00365400 this was a big case, big argument, lots of stuff going on.
DSjAU80KamQ-00896-00365400-00365900 We have a reception outside for those of you who are in the room.
DSjAU80KamQ-00897-00365900-00366300 For those of you on the internet, it's not "Star Trek"
DSjAU80KamQ-00898-00366300-00366700 yet, I can't beam you in.  But thank you for joining us, please
DSjAU80KamQ-00899-00366700-00367100 join us online again tomorrow at 5:00 for the Twitter piece of this case.
DSjAU80KamQ-00900-00367100-00367500 Please gave warm round of applause to all of our speakers.
DSjAU80KamQ-00901-00367500-00368000 [applause]
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Db8C28qg52E-00000-00000495-00000750 Hello everyone it's Bon and welcome back to my channel
Db8C28qg52E-00001-00000750-00001193 So I don't know about you but ever since I got into film photography I've always been
Db8C28qg52E-00002-00001193-00001487 on the lookout for whatever film stocks out there that I can try
Db8C28qg52E-00003-00001487-00002379 Oooh Kodacolor VR1000 that expired before I was born?
Db8C28qg52E-00004-00002379-00002647 Add to cart~
Db8C28qg52E-00005-00002647-00003259 I guess I'm just not one of those photographers who would like to stick to one film stock
Db8C28qg52E-00006-00003259-00003764 Now of course I still have some go-to film stock like Lomography colour negative 800
Db8C28qg52E-00007-00003764-00003893 or Fujifilm pro 400h
Db8C28qg52E-00008-00003893-00004711 However, I noticed that I refrain from using the same film stock consecutively
Db8C28qg52E-00009-00004711-00005147 Maybe I'm indecisive af but I would say that I'm the type who'd like to switch things up
Db8C28qg52E-00010-00005147-00005513 every now and then depending on how I want to portray my subject,
Db8C28qg52E-00011-00005513-00005852 the lighting situation, and just how I'm feeling in general
Db8C28qg52E-00012-00005852-00006632 I also like to try different film stocks just to see how I feel about them personally
Db8C28qg52E-00013-00006632-00007053 Earlier this year I got a hold of a few Kodak ColorPlus 200 which is one of the cheaper
Db8C28qg52E-00014-00007053-00007459 colour negative film stocks that Kodak offers
Db8C28qg52E-00015-00007459-00007813 This film stock is actually quite hard to get a hold of where I live
Db8C28qg52E-00016-00007813-00008367 I had to order it online and it's frequently out of stock in online stores such as B&H
Db8C28qg52E-00017-00008367-00008524 and Downtown Cameras
Db8C28qg52E-00018-00008524-00008959 So even if I've been dabbling with film photography for quite a while now, it's only this year
Db8C28qg52E-00019-00008959-00009081 that I got to try this film
Db8C28qg52E-00020-00009081-00009713 Now, I must say, even if it's a cheap film that uses an old emulsion formula from the
Db8C28qg52E-00021-00009713-00010215 '80s it's still a very capable film that renders images that are vibrant but not overwhelmingly
Db8C28qg52E-00022-00010215-00010756 saturated and it has a hint of that warm vintage flair that reminds me of my childhood photos
Db8C28qg52E-00023-00010756-00011302 Back in March, I went out with my friends, David and Bianca, to visit Marda Loop here
Db8C28qg52E-00024-00011302-00011439 in Calgary
Db8C28qg52E-00025-00011439-00011809 It was quite a sunny day so I thought it would be a good time to take photos using Kodak
Db8C28qg52E-00026-00011809-00011967 ColorPlus
Db8C28qg52E-00027-00011967-00012567 I busted out my old Minolta X-700 as my choice of camera and paired it with my Minolta MD
Db8C28qg52E-00028-00012567-00012718 50mm f/1.7 lens
Db8C28qg52E-00029-00012718-00015691 [music]
Db8C28qg52E-00030-00015691-00016057 Here's a montage of the photos that I took that day
Db8C28qg52E-00031-00026101-00026395 Oh my god, they are face masks!
Db8C28qg52E-00032-00026395-00026525 What?
Db8C28qg52E-00033-00026527-00026641 yes
Db8C28qg52E-00034-00026641-00026768 I thought they're like tiny...
Db8C28qg52E-00035-00026768-00026868 Bags?
Db8C28qg52E-00036-00026868-00027280 tiny bags, yeah
Db8C28qg52E-00037-00027280-00027694 Well, now you know what to do with your old masks, Bon
Db8C28qg52E-00038-00057545-00058089 So far, I really like the results that I get using Kodak ColorPlus I really like how punchy it renders warm tones
Db8C28qg52E-00039-00058089-00058738 like yellows and oranges while keeping blues realistic yet vibrant
Db8C28qg52E-00040-00058738-00059204 and from what I can see it also renders skin tones really well with a good blending of
Db8C28qg52E-00041-00059204-00059363 pink tones and yellow tones
Db8C28qg52E-00042-00059363-00059873 It would be great to try this film on different skin tones though, because I was only able
Db8C28qg52E-00043-00059873-00060325 to try it with my friends who both have lighter skin tones
Db8C28qg52E-00044-00060325-00060817 This film really shines in bright light though, I mean obviously because of the 200 ISO
Db8C28qg52E-00045-00060817-00061537 All of the photos that I've shown so far were taken with ISO 100 and metered for the shadows
Db8C28qg52E-00046-00061537-00061896 Indoor lighting might look a bit greenish with this film stock, so keep that in mind
Db8C28qg52E-00047-00061896-00062303 if you're using it indoors
Db8C28qg52E-00048-00063329-00063762 And with that, I can't really say if there's any downside to this film
Db8C28qg52E-00049-00063762-00064274 I guess you can say that the 200 ISO could limit its use but given how cheap and capable
Db8C28qg52E-00050-00064274-00064579 it is, I'd say you can't go wrong with it
Db8C28qg52E-00051-00064579-00065162 I think it's a good film for everyday documentation, travel, and street photography
Db8C28qg52E-00052-00065162-00065400 Try it yourself
Db8C28qg52E-00053-00065400-00065764 If you've already tried this film stock before, I'd love to hear your thoughts and experiences
Db8C28qg52E-00054-00065764-00065876 in the comment section down below
Db8C28qg52E-00055-00065876-00066021 Do you love it?
Db8C28qg52E-00056-00066021-00066125 Do you hate it?
Db8C28qg52E-00057-00066125-00066268 Let me know
Db8C28qg52E-00058-00066268-00066385 And that's it!
Db8C28qg52E-00059-00066385-00066685 Thank you very much for watching this video I hope you liked it
Db8C28qg52E-00060-00066685-00066950 If you did, please go ahead and give it a thumbs up
Db8C28qg52E-00061-00066950-00067342 subscribe if you haven't and I will see you all in the next one
Db8C28qg52E-00062-00067342-00067394 cheers
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00000-00000068-00000926 Hi guys! This is Jo Kelly from the "INSTINCTIVE ACTORS' SOCIETY". I help actors...
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00001-00000926-00001449 The work I do is that I help actors move through their resistances so they can
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00002-00001449-00002013 really get to the core of their instinct and they can move from being good actors
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00003-00002013-00002519 to really being great actors, who are in the zone, who are empowered by their own
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00004-00002519-00003068 instinct. The topic that we're gonna look at today is whether you can reach
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00005-00003068-00004044 extreme emotions easily. When I say extreme emotions: definitely tears,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00006-00004044-00004710 definitely anger, definitely joy, like really into... Think Shakespeare! Extreme
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00007-00004710-00005577 emotions... Some scenes demand that and some scenes will need that from you. Take
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00008-00005577-00006246 an example: if you're in a scene where your son is telling you to stop crying,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00009-00006246-00006736 well it pretty much means that you have no choice and you'll have to be able to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00010-00006736-00007406 deliver that level of vulnerability take after take. You want to be able to do
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00011-00007406-00008022 that with ease and under pressure, because that's the
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00012-00008022-00008625 circumstances that we're working in. I hear actors, come to me and say: "Yeah! I
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00013-00008625-00009407 was ready but this is what happened. On set, they were not ready" or "it took them
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00014-00009407-00010161 forever to get to my scene and, by that time, I was dry" or "my partner wasn't
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00015-00010161-00010584 really collaborating well and, therefore, I didn't get the connection"
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00016-00010584-00011307 or "the vibe wasn't right on set" or "the director was a little bit of a bully" or
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00017-00011307-00011943 "he didn't really know what he wanted". If you go to an audition, what I will mostly
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00018-00011943-00012575 here actors say when we start working together is: "I didn't have time to get
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00019-00012575-00013000 ready, I got the "sides" really late, there was a lot of text and it was very
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00020-00013000-00013648 technical text, so I wasn't really able to be present" or "there was a lot of
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00021-00013648-00014315 traffic and I got there late, so I was stressed" or "you know, the casting
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00022-00014315-00015007 office wasn't a very nice office and they made me feel uncomfortable" or "the
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00023-00015007-00015509 reader wasn't giving me a good read", that the things that happen on set or in or
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00024-00015509-00016294 in an audition room are really not allowing you to be your full, present
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00025-00016294-00016779 self, they're really being obstacles to you being able to show up. I
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00026-00016779-00017731 completely get how difficult that  is to deal with and what is that sting
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00027-00017731-00018428 in your hands. As I get that the place that I want to take you guys is to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00028-00018428-00019206 really..., for you guys to really acknowledge that this is the industry
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00029-00019206-00020032 you chose. The industry you chose to work in is an industry that is chaotic in its
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00030-00020032-00020765 nature because it builds entities from scratch. There is no structure to it,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00031-00020765-00021437 a million pieces have to work together out of nowhere and, therefore, this is
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00032-00021437-00021782 what happens: there's a lot of humans involved, there's a lot of machines involved,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00033-00021782-00022393 there's a lot of money involved and it will always, always, always be an
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00034-00022393-00022925 industry that will not unroll the red carpet, only at the end of the story, for
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00035-00022925-00023647 you to actually be able to open your instrument in your own timing and do a
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00036-00023647-00024206 crying scene 20 takes in a row with the right temperature in the room and with
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00037-00024206-00024607 everyone speaking to you the way they want to speak to you. It's an industry that
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00038-00024607-00025268 will throw balls at you all the time. So, the way you train in your room or
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00039-00025268-00026294 in an acting class setting is extremely far from the reality that happens in the
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00040-00026294-00026843 field. The frame of mind that I want you to put yourself in, is to be really
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00041-00026843-00027727 athletic and to plan for the worst conditions. Because if you start or if
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00042-00027727-00028247 you recognize yourself using what happens on a set or in the audition room
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00043-00028247-00028883 as reasons, therefore excuses, for you to not be able to reach your maximum
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00044-00028883-00029444 potential, you are completely screwing your own self up, you're
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00045-00029444-00029959 not being honest with what's happening. It's always gonna be messy, it's always
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00046-00029959-00030439 gonna be pressured, it's always gonna be extreme circumstances and they're never
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00047-00030439-00031022 ever gonna go your way. Your job and your responsibility as an actor is to be
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00048-00031022-00031631 able to navigate those circumstances as you are opening your
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00049-00031631-00032075 instrument and showing up for your character. That is your job. Your job is
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00050-00032075-00032708 not to be able to sometimes touch an emotion when everything goes well around
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00051-00032708-00033344 you. No! Shit will hit the fan! It will be a mess! It will be a tsunami around you
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00052-00033344-00033901 and you are hired because you will be capable to show up and be present,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00053-00033901-00034478 completely open. But be realistic! This is what you're dealing with. This is how
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00054-00034478-00035021 high the mountain is. This is how high the obstacles are. So, train for that. Give
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00055-00035021-00035474 yourself an athletic training so that you are ready for the worst
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00056-00035474-00035716 circumstances, you're not hoping for the best.
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00057-00035716-00036022 Hoping does not work. Just be ready for it.
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00058-00036022-00036425 The opportunities knock when they knock, they don't knock when you're ready
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00059-00036425-00037040 to open the door. So you want to make sure that when chance pours, you can grab
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00060-00037040-00037694 it. So, don't wait for those parts to come and to then think that by then you will
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00061-00037694-00038216 open up your instrument. Make it that reliable, that open, that vulnerable,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00062-00038216-00039030 that accessible to you, and then, you will be ready. The two mindsets are really
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00063-00039030-00039543 to be athletic and to be athletic now. Don't wait for the big part, don't wait
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00064-00039543-00039948 for the role that will demand that type of extreme emotion. Do
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00065-00039948-00040230 it now! The third point that I would like for us
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00066-00040230-00040998 to put on the table and discuss together is to really start being open
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00067-00040998-00041771 to your own extreme emotions. We've all been wired to behave a certain way to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00068-00041771-00042662 please our parents, to fit at school, to culturally be appropriate. And that
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00069-00042662-00043242 wiring has really trained us to not feel what we feel but to feel what others
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00070-00043242-00043890 want us to feel. So you definitely want to unlearn that wiring and be able to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00071-00043890-00044517 reach your own extreme emotions before you will ever be capable to have extreme
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00072-00044517-00045093 emotions for another being that you're taking on, in an authentic way. If you're
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00073-00045093-00045786 not able to be down and to sit with and let the waves of your extreme emotions,
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00074-00045786-00046251 no matter what they are and no matter how inappropriate you think they are, I
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00075-00046251-00046740 think they're all pretty appropriate and beautifully appropriate, but you have to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00076-00046740-00047507 be willing to be complete with that, to be really going towards that
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00077-00047507-00048174 for yourself, to have that depth in your instrument, to be able to bring that to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00078-00048174-00048723 the table when it's needed. If you can't do this work with yourself, you'll only
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00079-00048723-00049296 be able to act those emotions for your characters, you won't be able to provide
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00080-00049296-00049881 that level of depth authentically because you're not
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00081-00049881-00050382 in connection with your own extreme emotions. So, how could you possibly have
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00082-00050382-00051009 them be at the "rendezvous" if you're completely denying them? The level of
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00083-00051009-00051779 ease that you can reach by really having an instrument that is
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00084-00051779-00052262 trained ahead of time, that is consistently trained, that is in touch
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00085-00052262-00052787 with your own emotion, that is in a mindset where no matter what
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00086-00052787-00053483 noise and obstacles are happening here, I am present because I'm open and I am
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00087-00053483-00054224 giving myself up for my characters' needs. Then, the power, the satisfaction, the
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00088-00054224-00055052 fulfillment, the flow, the high that you will get from acting that way, it
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00089-00055052-00055619 is easy because it really is like being alive and like breathing. Of
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00090-00055619-00056063 course, what's possible out of being in that state and out of being able to
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00091-00056063-00056534 show up for those extreme things in extreme circumstances is limitless.
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00092-00056534-00057140 It's booking, it's being called back, it's being unforgettable, it's
Dg1f-jkFqc8-00093-00057140-00057666 people want it because it's rare and it's a hot commodity.
DgmLmpYOpl0-00000-00000008-00000300 LBW: I feel like particularly with climate change in the awareness this dark
DgmLmpYOpl0-00001-00000300-00000650 knowledge that comes with understanding the implications of climate change and
DgmLmpYOpl0-00002-00000650-00001116 the ecological crisis the burnout isn't just that you're running out of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00003-00001116-00001491 energy it isn't that you're working too hard that you haven't give enough time
DgmLmpYOpl0-00004-00001491-00002093 to rest and to take your mind off of things it's this understanding that
DgmLmpYOpl0-00005-00002093-00002580 maybe we're expending our energy in all the wrong ways that maybe the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00006-00002580-00003077 organizations that are trying to address climate change in their own way whether
DgmLmpYOpl0-00007-00003077-00003539 it's some nonprofit or governmental organization or whatever it is that
DgmLmpYOpl0-00008-00003539-00003914 maybe their whole structure and the way they're approaching the entire subject
DgmLmpYOpl0-00009-00003914-00004487 is wrong or off or just not satisfactory and that the burnout that you're
DgmLmpYOpl0-00010-00004487-00004812 experiencing isn't just that you're running out of energy it's this
DgmLmpYOpl0-00011-00004812-00005337 acknowledgment that these are dead ends that these are kind of like treading
DgmLmpYOpl0-00012-00005337-00006114 water to a great degree and I think many young people if anyone of any age it isn't
DgmLmpYOpl0-00013-00006114-00006437 just be young people but I think young people particularly getting into
DgmLmpYOpl0-00014-00006437-00006879 this subject of addressing climate change through activism are going to see
DgmLmpYOpl0-00015-00006879-00007311 this inevitably because of the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00016-00007311-00007925 nature of climate change and what it is we're going to come to a
DgmLmpYOpl0-00017-00007925-00008634 conclusion that oh this is not going to work these goals are not the kind of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00018-00008634-00009129 goals that we should even be posing as you know as a direction like we
DgmLmpYOpl0-00019-00009129-00009536 shouldn't be doing this at all and I see that's why I see the value of your work
DgmLmpYOpl0-00020-00009536-00009965 and everyone at Dark Mountain and all these other people you mentioned as well
DgmLmpYOpl0-00021-00009965-00010556 as there there's something beyond hope here that needs to be forged and
DgmLmpYOpl0-00022-00010556-00011015 presented to people because again the real danger of burnout isn't just that
DgmLmpYOpl0-00023-00011015-00011364 we're running out of energy it's that people are gonna just give up altogether
DgmLmpYOpl0-00024-00011364-00011898 on doing anything
DgmLmpYOpl0-00025-00011898-00012492 DOUGALD HINE: Yes yeah so we have this dilemma because on the one
DgmLmpYOpl0-00026-00012492-00013381 hand there is a culture a context that most of us are coming out
DgmLmpYOpl0-00027-00013381-00013906 of within which despair has been presented as a thing to be avoided at
DgmLmpYOpl0-00028-00013906-00014763 all costs not even presented it's just that's a background assumption and a
DgmLmpYOpl0-00029-00014763-00015584 part of the work that I've tried to do with Dark Mountain is to to narrate the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00030-00015584-00016265 possibility that sometimes despair is entirely appropriate and that it's also
DgmLmpYOpl0-00031-00016265-00017051 not an end state it's not game over but that it can be a dark passage you pass
DgmLmpYOpl0-00032-00017051-00017603 through despair and something is stripped away from you and the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00033-00017603-00018578 difficulty of this is that you don't get something you can hold on to through
DgmLmpYOpl0-00034-00018578-00019154 the middle of that experience you don't get a safety line in the dark night of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00035-00019154-00020323 the soul so even though the pattern of these journeys is that something is
DgmLmpYOpl0-00036-00020323-00020969 waiting for you on the far side of despair that can
DgmLmpYOpl0-00037-00020969-00021904 never be made into the kind of guarantee that we want to have so oh that's the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00038-00021904-00022922 one side of the dilemma the other is that meanwhile we have a huge number of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00039-00022922-00023740 people and I don't think it's possible to go to even grasp what the scale of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00040-00023740-00024209 this really is but my sense is that there's a huge number of people and
DgmLmpYOpl0-00041-00024209-00025123 particularly young people who are not on some journey through despair in the way
DgmLmpYOpl0-00042-00025123-00025722 that I've just been talking about but they're more stuck in loops of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00043-00025722-00026391 hopelessness and meaninglessness and nihilism
DgmLmpYOpl0-00044-00026391-00027419 and how much of that the feelings that lead you to that place are
DgmLmpYOpl0-00045-00027419-00028472 appropriate responses to the extent of the devastation culturally as well as
DgmLmpYOpl0-00046-00028472-00029058 ecologically that surrounds us and the extent of the complicity the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00047-00029058-00029481 impossibility of getting clean or getting clear of any of this mess you
DgmLmpYOpl0-00048-00029481-00030522 know but the experiences the intimations there the feeling of the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00049-00030522-00031275 darkness of it can then get trapped into stories that close off the possibility
DgmLmpYOpl0-00050-00031275-00032160 of anything else and loops and these technologies that dominate our lives are
DgmLmpYOpl0-00051-00032160-00032760 very good at getting us spinning and spinning and spinning in these loops and
DgmLmpYOpl0-00052-00032760-00033209 I just see people and not just young people lots of people my age or older
DgmLmpYOpl0-00053-00033209-00034032 who are being kind of fed this constant diet of salami slices of the Apocalypse
DgmLmpYOpl0-00054-00034032-00034533 in their Facebook feeds because that's how the algorithm works and you
DgmLmpYOpl0-00055-00034533-00035274 know that's not that's not helping us either there's a fear to
DgmLmpYOpl0-00056-00035274-00036234 make a call Chris Goode who wrote a few years ago a line that's really stuck
DgmLmpYOpl0-00057-00036234-00036747 with me he said I think there the problem is only rarely that we don't
DgmLmpYOpl0-00058-00036747-00037197 know or at least that we don't know enough the problem is that we don't have
DgmLmpYOpl0-00059-00037197-00038088 living spaces in which to know what we know and for me not that I knew this in
DgmLmpYOpl0-00060-00038088-00038451 advance when Paul and i started working on it but the experience of Dark
DgmLmpYOpl0-00061-00038451-00038901 Mountain for me was the experience of experimenting with and learning some
DgmLmpYOpl0-00062-00038901-00039510 things about how to create spaces to which we can show up and bring more of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00063-00039510-00039984 ourselves and have it safe to bring more of ourselves than we count in to
DgmLmpYOpl0-00064-00039984-00040428 most of the spaces that we're used to in our societies the places we work places
DgmLmpYOpl0-00065-00040428-00040922 we study often our families often the activist groups or whatever we've been
DgmLmpYOpl0-00066-00040922-00041591 involved in and that's part of the question for me and again coming back to
DgmLmpYOpl0-00067-00041591-00042612 the article that I put out last week the place where that gets to is this
DgmLmpYOpl0-00068-00042612-00043179 question of what would an Alcoholics Anonymous for a whole culture look like
DgmLmpYOpl0-00069-00043179-00043920 you know what would it look like to have some kind of toolkit that is simple
DgmLmpYOpl0-00070-00043920-00044433 enough that it can be replicable without there being some grand architecture and
DgmLmpYOpl0-00071-00044433-00044859 control of it that could give people spaces down the road in their local
DgmLmpYOpl0-00072-00044859-00045585 communities in a room at the library or after-hours at the local school or the
DgmLmpYOpl0-00073-00045585-00046032 back room of a pub where you can show up on a Tuesday night and spend a couple of
DgmLmpYOpl0-00074-00046032-00046398 hours with other people who are wrestling with the same stuff that
DgmLmpYOpl0-00075-00046398-00046899 you're wrestling with and not have to keep it to yourself
DgmLmpYOpl0-00076-00046899-00047430 not have to not have it be a kind of a platform where the people who most like
DgmLmpYOpl0-00077-00047430-00047889 the sounds of their own voice gets to go on about it either it's like you know I
DgmLmpYOpl0-00078-00047889-00048240 think the Quakers probably have something to teach us about how to
DgmLmpYOpl0-00079-00048240-00048977 hold these spaces as well yes but you know if we're if we are as I suspect Oh
DgmLmpYOpl0-00080-00048977-00049560 crossing this kind of cultural threshold where it goes from being you know a few
DgmLmpYOpl0-00081-00049560-00049878 hundred people at a Dark Mountain festival sat around a campfire with
DgmLmpYOpl0-00082-00049878-00050613 Martin Shaw telling a story to hundreds of thousands of people in many Western
DgmLmpYOpl0-00083-00050613-00051699 countries if not more who are who are crossing this threshold then I think
DgmLmpYOpl0-00084-00051699-00052130 it's something like that it's something as simple as Alcoholics Anonymous
DgmLmpYOpl0-00085-00052130-00052635 something as undramatic as that something which has a rhythm that weaves
DgmLmpYOpl0-00086-00052635-00053085 in and out of the cycle of the week rather than being a big gathering that
DgmLmpYOpl0-00087-00053085-00053760 spend months preparing for and building up to the is what's called for to help
DgmLmpYOpl0-00088-00053760-00053950 us catch each other as we fall
Djpz210MWyk-00000-00000000-00000200 hey guys, today, imma show you how to get food boosts in april fools infinitly!
Djpz210MWyk-00001-00000200-00000400 first, go to doodle cave!
Djpz210MWyk-00002-00000400-00000600 when you break a food item, another will spawn!
Djpz210MWyk-00003-00000600-00000800 this should happen infinitly so enjoy your grinding!
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00000-00000024-00000416 Hello boys & girls My name is Hotzst and welcome to Another Day
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00001-00000416-00001112 in Minecraft. After the long dragon build I am back at my base for some more detailing.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00002-00001176-00001848 I want to add some vehicles that make sense in the context of the oil refinery and the ships.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00003-00001912-00002184 This should bring a bit more live in here.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00004-00002296-00003279 I put some boring walls in on this side but this gives us a bit more space and a quay down here,
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00005-00003368-00004416 that I can then use fore loading. And here I have created a tunnel entrance where I will
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00006-00004416-00005128 place a few layers of black glass so that towards the back it should get darker.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00007-00005360-00006376 I completed a few oil trucks, the original design is by GodCrafterUK - link
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00008-00006376-00007344 in the description down below, and Keralis has a wonderful tutorial out for them. As you can see
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00009-00007344-00008240 there are a few variations, different colors, different build palette. I especially like this
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00010-00008240-00009520 one as it is quite a bit different. And I think the nicest view we can get from this side here.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00011-00010104-00011008 This is finished now and we will have more vehicles over there. They will probably
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00012-00011008-00012328 be a bit bigger. I think three wide vehicles is the smallest you can get. But I think those over
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00013-00012328-00013552 there will be four or five wide - we will see. But first I have do a bit of infrastructure here
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00014-00013663-00014456 before placing in the trucks. I added two cranes down here and already
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00015-00014456-00015736 this makes a big difference. This one is based on a design by RTsWorld and both cranes are heavily
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00016-00015736-00016736 inspired by builds Keralis did on his Hermitcraft Season 7 with his wonderful port scene. So,
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00017-00016904-00018112 this blue crane here that is basically a direct copy, I only rotated the top part here,
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00018-00018112-00019296 and this one is probably be used to lift cargo from the lower portion up here on this deck
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00019-00019296-00020328 where we will have one or two lorries taking things away. Then here on the lower part
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00020-00020432-00021480 we have actually a container unloading crane. And as you are on observant viewer,
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00021-00021552-00022616 you will notice this container here is quite a bit larger than the ones over there. Those a basically
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00022-00022688-00023888 two wide, this is three wide, it just fit better with this dimension and we will probably also have
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00023-00023888-00024688 some containers and lorries that are four wide. So I am not really bothered with that inconsistency.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00024-00024784-00025895 Another thing is, we have tracks that go all the way back here, but we have a wall here in place
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00025-00025992-00027280 and a crane on top. So I imagine that the top bar here can be moved left and right so this
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00026-00027280-00028704 can be dealt with. Let's have a fly by - I think from over here we can see the
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00027-00028839-00029888 cranes in all their glory. Even here on top there is quite a bit of detail added
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00028-00030024-00031032 to make this look more realistic and then here with all the counter weights. So the last
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00029-00031032-00032104 step here is actually bringing a few more trucks in that can take away the containers - I think
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00030-00032104-00033144 it's mainly containers that are unloaded here on this side. I will be back one more time.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00031-00033200-00034048 The last two vehicles/trucks are in place and at least up here
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00032-00034176-00034848 space is already a bit crammed. I thought that this space up here is
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00033-00034968-00035952 where I have to fill in more, but then I really did no think of what to do down there.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00034-00036200-00037344 There you can see we have a truck that is four wide - you can probably se it better from this
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00035-00037344-00038656 side - expecting a three wide container. And it is bent on this side - it was a close fit.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00036-00038912-00039512 The truck diver will have his work cut out to get out of here.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00037-00039624-00041160 This is the basic design for these trucks. And I tried to vary the front part a bit. Also here
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00038-00041288-00042744 the trucks are heavily inspired by what I have seen in Keralis port. Here we have an other
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00039-00043008-00044096 with the iron trapdoors powered from below so they are standing up, and then these cool looking
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00040-00044096-00045592 crane that can move about and load the vehicles on here. This episode was a quite vehicle
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00041-00045592-00047000 heavy one with several oil trucks, two cranes and more trucks over here. And frankly I put
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00042-00047000-00048264 this of a bit as I feared the building of the vehicles, but if you have a good example,
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00043-00048264-00049464 good tutorials, it is not that complicated and I think the result came out nicely.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00044-00049704-00050760 With that we are at the end of this episode. We still have a few loose ends to tie
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00045-00050816-00051984 up in this world, like the one back there, but then we should be pretty much finished.
DnY8Am_O2Bg-00046-00052248-00053352 Until next time, when we will be doing some more building on Another day in Minecraft. Goodbye.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00000-00000744-00000850 Ruo) Wake up.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00001-00001062-00001204 Ruo) Wake up.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00002-00002144-00002270 (A trial of strength)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00003-00002586-00002684 Kio) Stop.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00004-00002826-00003002 (A violent temper)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00005-00005282-00005482 (Today, I am going to see an exhibition in Seoul with my sister.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00006-00005652-00005852 (Grand Intercontinental Seoul Parnas)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00007-00005882-00006082 (We're going to see the Asian Hotel Art Fair here.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00008-00006542-00006748 (You can see each gallery from 7F to 10F.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00009-00011764-00011930 I'm going to eat lunch.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00010-00012306-00012596 Today's lunch menu is 'Yukgaejang kalguksu' and 'Pollack butter bibimbap'.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00011-00012744-00012844 (Pollack butter bibimbap 2.5 points.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00012-00012968-00013060 (Yukgaejang kalguksu 4 points.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00013-00013100-00013546 Kio) We're going to see another exhibition.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00014-00013800-00014016 Kio) We are going to COEX D Hall in Samseong-dong.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00015-00014532-00014832 Kio) I was disappointed at the booth exhibition.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00016-00016216-00016634 Kio) I've seen all the exhibits as a whole, and I'm disappointed.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00017-00016644-00016974 Kio) I think these works are more commercial than artistic.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00018-00017160-00017312 Kio) Capitalism Exhibition?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00019-00017772-00018202 (While shopping.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00020-00018646-00018762 Kio) I'm at the cafe.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00021-00018796-00019198 Kio) I'm going to have a Focaccia and a drink.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00022-00020624-00020824 Kio) I want to go home!!
E0CbA5W2mlY-00023-00021266-00021554 Kio) I've walked so much that my soles hurt so much.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00024-00022146-00022398 Kio) I'm at my sister's house.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00025-00022398-00022598 Kio) This place is so...
E0CbA5W2mlY-00026-00022846-00023026 Kio) It's a mess.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00027-00023054-00023726 (Watching my sister's house.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00028-00023734-00024052 Kio) This doll is too heavy.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00029-00024344-00024632 Kio) Why are you using such a small fan?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00030-00024632-00024882 Sister) It's good to use when putting on makeup on.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00031-00024888-00024990 Kio) Shall I turn it on?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00032-00025084-00025344 Kio) There's less noise.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00033-00025346-00025702 Sister) It's good to use when you dry your hair and put on makeup.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00034-00025960-00026226 Kio) I'll show you what I bought today.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00035-00026324-00026622 Kio) I bought this hairpin.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00036-00027127-00027464 Kio) I've become more interested in hairpins these days.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00037-00028272-00028732 Kio) It's a little expensive, but I bought it because I liked it.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00038-00029089-00029212 Kio)How is it?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00039-00029214-00029342 Sister) It's beautiful.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00040-00029402-00029822 Kio) Big hairpin, cubicle, pearl-infused hairpin.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00041-00029822-00030116 Kio) This hairpin is very strong.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00042-00030720-00031144 (Feeling good because I like the hairpin.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00043-00031174-00031362 Kio) I bought one more today.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00044-00031466-00032004 Kio) I bought it because my sister wanted to eat it.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00045-00032100-00032392 (Pollack laver and Cheese laver.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00046-00032498-00032594 (Pollack laver.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00047-00032848-00033402 Kio) It feels like there's red powder in it.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00048-00033442-00033604 Kio) Please take off the packaging.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00049-00034054-00034186 (Cheese laver.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00050-00034322-00034690 Kio) I think cheese powder is added to this.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00051-00034944-00035126 (Taste the pollack laver.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00052-00035566-00035818 Kio) This definitely tastes like pollack salted fish.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00053-00035818-00036344 Sister) The laver itself is delicious and the pollack is crispy.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00054-00036344-00036478 Kio) This is delicious.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00055-00036634-00036762 Sister) I want to give it to my dad.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00056-00036900-00037122 Kio) You're a devoted daughter.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00057-00037156-00037324 Kio)Isn't it spicy?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00058-00037324-00037424 Sister) That's right. It's spicy.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00059-00037554-00037650 Sister) Isn't it so delicious?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00060-00037650-00037756 Kio) It's so good.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00061-00037756-00037956 Sister) I think it'll be good to have a beer with.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00062-00038006-00038268 Sister) It would be good to eat with rice.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00063-00038268-00038408 Kio) Do you have rice?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00064-00038408-00038512 Sister) There's no rice.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00065-00038540-00038734 (Cheese laver.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00066-00038794-00039066 Kio) I can't see the cheese powder well.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00067-00039392-00039658 Kio) It tastes like cheese.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00068-00039710-00040102 Sister) It's more unsuitable than tasteless.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00069-00040102-00040240 Kio) The combination is not good.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00070-00040528-00040736 Sister) It has the shortest shelf life.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00071-00041072-00041172 Sister) It's on your chin.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00072-00041354-00041654 Kio) I saved it for later.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00073-00041690-00042010 Kio) I'm satisfied with this pollack laver.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00074-00043542-00043806 Sister) Please change the structure of my room.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00075-00043842-00044434 Kio) We have a big project left.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00076-00044450-00045608 We're going to change the structure of our Kio) little sister's room even wider.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00077-00045642-00045916 Kio) Why do you keep adding things?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00078-00045916-00046070 Sister) I don't buy things.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00079-00046070-00046308 Kio)Why are things added?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00080-00046308-00046472 Do you pick up the stuff?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00081-00046586-00046754 Kio) Is this the structure of the house?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00082-00046776-00047066 Kio) Oh, you're so good at drawing.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00083-00047792-00049116 (Drawings and layout meetings.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00084-00049330-00049650 Kio) Let's move it in person
E0CbA5W2mlY-00085-00049696-00049870 after six hours
E0CbA5W2mlY-00086-00049890-00050210 (am 2:27)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00087-00050222-00050472 The deployment is over now.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00088-00051080-00051882 Kio) I don't like it as far as I'm concerned, but my sister says she's satisfied.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00089-00052244-00052488 Kio) Are you sleeping?
E0CbA5W2mlY-00090-00052638-00052982 Kio) Good night, everyone.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00091-00054379-00054590 (am 11:43)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00092-00054654-00055714 Kio) I was going to go out with my sister when she went to work, but I overslept.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00093-00055798-00056055 Kio) My sister's not at home.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00094-00056208-00056602 Kio)I'm going to prepare and go home.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00095-00057558-00057641 Kio), it's cool.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00096-00060198-00060434 (Ready to go home.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00097-00061626-00062124 (The air conditioner in the bus keeps coming out, so it's cold.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00098-00062354-00062554 (The air conditioning cover won't close.)
E0CbA5W2mlY-00099-00063386-00063486 Kio) It's heavy.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00100-00063786-00063886 Kio) Ruo, I'm here.
E0CbA5W2mlY-00101-00063972-00064072 Kio) Hi.
E2Wa4ROV99U-00000-00000066-00000196 WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.
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E2Wa4ROV99U-00023-00004854-00004988 YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND
E2Wa4ROV99U-00024-00004988-00005235 YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00000-00000012-00000699 BibleTalk.tv presents The Tabernacle - Part 4.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00001-00000699-00001139 After examining the Holy Place we are ready to enter the Holy of Holies.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00002-00001139-00001413 It was the inner room within the tabernacle.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00003-00001413-00001984 We, through scripture, are allowed inside a special and mysterious place where God Himself
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00004-00001984-00002169 dwelt behind a curtain.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00005-00002169-00002861 A place where one man only, the High Priest of Israel, was allowed to enter one time each
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00006-00002861-00003396 year on a special day, called Yom Kippur  or the Day of Atonement.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00007-00003396-00004107 It was as close to God as humanity was allowed to come and even then, only under God's instructions.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00008-00004107-00004589 The Holy of Holies was in the west end of the tabernacle and was the earthly shadow
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00009-00004589-00004814 of the heavenly tabernacle.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00010-00004814-00005305 Being in the back of the building, shielded from the eyes of the common man, it was far
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00011-00005305-00005939 from the sight of the Hebrews, and bred a holy fear and respect among the people.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00012-00005939-00006185 The Holy of Holies was a perfect square.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00013-00006185-00006569 15 feet by 15 feet by 15 feet.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00014-00006569-00006833 It was a shadow of heavenly things.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00015-00006833-00007354 Revelation 21:16 describes the New Jerusalem as a perfect square.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00016-00007354-00007781 There was a veil or curtain to separate it from the Holy Place.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00017-00007781-00008204 This sacred place would be where The Ark of the Covenant would be kept, and where God
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00018-00008204-00008570 would meet with the High Priest on the day of Atonement.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00019-00008570-00009178 The veil was a thick curtain, hung on four golden posts with golden rings.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00020-00009178-00009646 It was made of fine linen, as well as scarlet, blue and purple yarn.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00021-00009646-00010001 There were figures of cherubim  embroidered into it.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00022-00010001-00010770 They represented the guardians the gate, a visible  reminder of the Almighty's power and majesty.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00023-00010770-00011511 The word "veil" in Hebrew means "a screen", a "divider", or a "separator that hides."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00024-00011511-00011911 It was purposely designed for shielding God's presence from man.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00025-00011911-00012417 The veil provoked a fearful respect as one looked forward to "going thru the veil."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00026-00012417-00012755 To see the face of God was to die.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00027-00012755-00013269 The High Priest, making yearly atonement for the Hebrew children, used a smoky incense
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00028-00013269-00013868 to fill the Holy of Holies to prevent an accidental sighting of the Almighty God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00029-00013868-00014231 He also had to bring sacrificial blood, or he could not enter.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00030-00014231-00014873 Hebrews 10:31 reads "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of a living God."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00031-00014873-00015530 If anyone entered the Holy of Holies at any other time, they would die. (Leviticus 16:2)
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00032-00015558-00015762 There was a single piece of furniture with
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00033-00015762-00016487 two parts behind the veil; a box made of Acacia wood covered inside and out with gold.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00034-00016487-00017022 It was at different times called the "Ark of God" …the "Ark of God's Strength" … "Ark
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00035-00017022-00017466 of the Covenant of the Lord" … and the "Ark of Testimony"
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00036-00017466-00017909 The Ark of the Covenant was constructed like all the other furnishings of the tabernacle
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00037-00017909-00018329 complex according to the design and instructions given on Mt.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00038-00018329-00018529 Sinai to Moses.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00039-00018529-00019259 It was 3 feet, 9 inches long, 2 feet 3 inches wide and tall, and used to store important
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00040-00019259-00019573 and sacred wilderness items.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00041-00019573-00019904 It was the most important object in the Hebrew worship ritual.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00042-00019904-00020434 It represented the presence and power of God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00043-00020434-00020862 The second part of the Ark was the "atonement cover" or the lid.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00044-00020862-00021431 Cherubim occupied each end of the lid, facing each other, another reminder of the Divine
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00045-00021431-00021623 presence and power.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00046-00021623-00022330 The Cherubim and the lid and the crown to the Ark were beaten from one piece of solid gold.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00047-00022330-00022693 Each Cherubim's head was bowed down toward the Ark.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00048-00022693-00023285 The wings of the Cherubim were outstretched and covered the atonement cover and the "mercy seat."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00049-00023285-00023834 The "mercy seat" was where God sat while "tabernacling" (camping) with His people.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00050-00023834-00024090 This was where, during atonement, the blood was applied.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00051-00024090-00024673 Blood of a bull for the priests and his family and goat blood for the people.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00052-00024673-00025031 Another "shadow" of the sacrifice of Jesus.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00053-00025031-00025598 Thanks to His sacrifice we are allowed into God's presence through prayer and stand before Him.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00054-00025618-00026227 The word "seat" speaks of a resting place, and the Greek word for mercy seat is… the
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00055-00026227-00026820 "hilasterion" which means propitiation or payment for appeasing God's anger for sins
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00056-00026820-00026920 of men.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00057-00026920-00027683 Paul records in Romans 3:24-25, where Jesus is proclaimed the propitiation for sins – the
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00058-00027683-00027945 true mercy seat.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00059-00027945-00028491 Sometimes referred to the Ark of Testimony because God spoke from there.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00060-00028491-00029231 Exodus 25:21-22: "And there I will meet with you, from above the mercy seat, from between
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00061-00029231-00029744 two cherubim which are on the Ark of Testimony, about everything which I will give you in
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00062-00029744-00030083 commandment to the children of Israel."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00063-00030083-00030427 The Ark was the connection  between God and mankind.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00064-00030427-00030739 It was made sacred by the presence of God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00065-00030739-00031280 That visible divine presence was referred to on the mercy seat, the pillar of fire,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00066-00031280-00031775 or the cloud above the tabernacle by the Hebrew word "Shekinah".
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00067-00031775-00032164 The Ark was the central focus of the tabernacle and the Nation.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00068-00032164-00032643 It would lead them in their worship; it would lead them in their wars; and it would lead
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00069-00032643-00032856 them to their Promised Land.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00070-00032856-00033612 God directed every aspect concerning it: the personnel to attend it, its transportation,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00071-00033612-00033775 and its storage.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00072-00033775-00034059 It was perfect in all ways.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00073-00034059-00034486 Looking inside the Ark is nothing like one finds in Hollywood movies.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00074-00034486-00035072 It was not discovered in 1936 and there were no ghosts or melting faces lurking inside.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00075-00035072-00035650 There are many unsubstantiated claims concerning "mystical power" possessed by the Ark.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00076-00035650-00036318 However, when it was stolen by the Philistines, it was God who caused the plagues, not the Ark.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00077-00036369-00036871 God's presence was there above the Ark and that was where the power resided, not in any
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00078-00036871-00037040 form of magic.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00079-00037040-00037208 What was inside the Ark?
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00080-00037208-00037606 Was it gold, silver, jewels, or treasures from Egypt?
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00081-00037606-00038196 The inside of the Ark covered and protected the second copy of the tablets…the Ten Commandments
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00082-00038196-00038446 Moses broke the first, remember?
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00083-00038446-00038963 There was a container of "manna" which had fed the children of Israel while in the wilderness.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00084-00038963-00039547 Manna would rot or melt the next day, but the jar of manna in the Ark was preserved.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00085-00039547-00040128 The third object was Aaron's rod that miraculously budded and produced fruit certifying Aaron
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00086-00040128-00040525 as God's first chosen High Priest.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00087-00040525-00040727 Why save these items?
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00088-00040727-00041268 They were a reminder of their sins and their negative responses to God's providence.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00089-00041268-00041721 The Ten Commandments – "right living" … violated over and over.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00090-00041721-00042233 The children of Israel's covenant agreement was a conditional arrangement, live right
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00091-00042233-00042488 or suffer the consequences.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00092-00042488-00043127 The manna – the bread/food provided from heaven, because the Israelites had complained
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00093-00043127-00043591 to the point that they actually thought they were better off in Egypt.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00094-00043591-00044125 They rejected the food provisions God afforded them in a barren land.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00095-00044125-00044416 Aaron's rod represented the "mutiny" of the Israelites.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00096-00044416-00045024 They tried to reject God's hand-picked leaders and God made Aaron's rod bloom miraculously
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00097-00045024-00045787 to confirm that he was His chosen leader and High Priest (Numbers 16-17).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00098-00045787-00046352 God viewed the atonement cover (lid of the Ark), or the mercy seat as a figurative covering
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00099-00046352-00046546 for the sins of Israel.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00100-00046546-00047043 Redemption was represented in the blood sprinkled by the High Priest on the mercy seat.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00101-00047043-00047391 It was only good for one year.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00102-00047391-00047721 Jesus is now the mercy seat where  God meets man.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00103-00047721-00048215 His blood was poured out, not sprinkled to cover all sins for all time.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00104-00048215-00048812 When the Ark was transported it was carried on the shoulders of the priests, specifically
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00105-00048812-00049415 by the Sons of Kohath (grandfather of Moses, Aaron and Miriam, Moses' sister).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00106-00049415-00049977 The poles to support the Ark were permanently attached to the Ark and were covered in gold.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00107-00049977-00050347 It was never to be moved with a cart  or an animal.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00108-00050347-00050791 God's presence was to be honored and that meant it was to be carried by men, who are
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00109-00050791-00051193 superior to animals that have no choice.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00110-00051193-00051771 The tribe of Levi was responsible for the entire tabernacle, its set-up, its movement,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00111-00051771-00051912 and the breaking of camp.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00112-00051912-00052488 As for the Ark, the priests were to take down the veil and drape it over the Ark so as not
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00113-00052488-00052755 to violate the Holy of Holies.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00114-00052755-00053007 It was protected from those unauthorized to see it.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00115-00053007-00053635 To shield it further, a badger skin, then a blue cloth was placed on top of the veil.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00116-00053635-00053966 This protected it from the outside elements.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00117-00053966-00054169 No one was above the Law.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00118-00054169-00054775 God expected, rather demanded, obedience from His people, especially His priests.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00119-00054775-00055396 If a priest was not fulfilling his task or fell short in keeping himself holy as God
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00120-00055396-00056058 required, it would cause the Israelites' sins not to be postponed until the next Day of Atonement.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00121-00056106-00056394 Sins remained unforgiven for a year.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00122-00056394-00056979 Uzzah, in Samuel 6, touched the Ark during transport to keep it from falling and
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00123-00056979-00057242 God struck him dead on the spot.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00124-00057242-00057688 God was never to be taken for granted or treated irreverently.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00125-00057688-00057991 The Ark was never intended to be worshipped.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00126-00057991-00058166 God was to be worshipped.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00127-00058166-00058723 Unlike Israel's neighbors who bowed down to idols, the Hebrew God dwelt with His people,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00128-00058723-00059249 not a statue, but a living God providing for the Israelites.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00129-00059249-00059496 People still question what happened  to the Ark.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00130-00059496-00060172 Today's theories place the Ark at Saint Zion Church in Axum, Ethiopia, although no one
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00131-00060172-00060529 has ever seen it except the guardian monk.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00132-00060529-00061086 Because of the lack of accessibility and questions about the account, Ethiopians and foreign
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00133-00061086-00061513 scholars express doubt about the validity of this claim.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00134-00061513-00062079 Some scholars think the "Copper Scroll," part of the Dead Sea scrolls, might contain coded
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00135-00062079-00062461 clues to a map identifying the hiding place of the Ark.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00136-00062461-00062899 None of the theories as to what happened to the Ark have proven true.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00137-00062899-00063546 However, the first part of Revelation 11:19 states that in John's vision the tabernacle
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00138-00063546-00063883 was "seen in His temple" in Heaven.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00139-00063883-00064523 The Holy of Holies, the Holy Place, the outer court, and the tabernacle in general had to
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00140-00064523-00064695 have servants.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00141-00064695-00064985 These were the priests – the elected of God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00142-00064985-00065526 We don't have enough time to cover every aspect of the Hebrew priesthood since it was a complicated
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00143-00065526-00065664 institution.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00144-00065664-00066158 To study the tabernacle without at least highlighting the major aspects of the Aaronic priestly
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00145-00066158-00066776 system given by God would, however, make our review incomplete.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00146-00066776-00067410 The Hebrew term for priest "Cohen" denotes it root meaning – "one who stands up for
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00147-00067410-00067733 another and mediates his cause."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00148-00067733-00068357 The word appears 741 times in the original Hebrew manuscripts. A third of those references
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00149-00068357-00069063 are in the Pentateuch with 185 in "the manual of priests" or the book of Leviticus.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00150-00069063-00069433 Every priest was a Levite, but not every Levite was a priest.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00151-00069433-00069876 A Levite was a direct descendant of Levi, the son of Jacob.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00152-00069876-00070574 Priests were specially qualified Levites chosen for service to the tabernacle and were direct
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00153-00070574-00070779 descendants of the family of Aaron.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00154-00070779-00071336 Only Aaron, however, and his oldest direct descendants could hold the office of the High Priest.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00155-00071336-00071861 Priests had to obtain the priesthood through heredity, (but by the time of Jesus and the
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00156-00071861-00072339 Roman control of Judea, the High Priest office was at times purchased).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00157-00072339-00073035 Priests had to retire after 25 years or at 50 years of age, the exception was a High
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00158-00073035-00073360 Priest whose appointment was for a lifetime.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00159-00073360-00073913 They had to perform morning and evening sacrifices for the nation of Israel as well as sacrificial
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00160-00073913-00074251 offerings for various individuals each day.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00161-00074251-00074861 Priests had to remain ceremonially clean by washings and following the instructions contained
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00162-00074861-00075005 in the Law.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00163-00075005-00075466 They had to minister and see to the needs of the tabernacle; they transferred "fire
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00164-00075466-00076060 and coals from the altar of sacrifice to the altar of incense and removed the ashes.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00165-00076060-00076401 They also attended to the Table of the Showbread.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00166-00076401-00076869 In addition to these duties, the priests had to trim and fill the golden lamp; they had
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00167-00076869-00077438 to slaughter and offer up animals of sacrifice on the brazen altar; they were also responsible
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00168-00077438-00078208 for 3 major feasts each year - Passover, Yom Kippur, and the Feast of the Tabernacles described
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00169-00078208-00078387 in Leviticus 23.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00170-00078387-00078842 Later, the Feast of Lights or Hanukkah,  was added.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00171-00078842-00079363 Priests were to read and teach the Law;  pray for guidance and intercession for Israel.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00172-00079363-00079869 They were to "blow the trumpets" to call the people to assembly or sound an alarm.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00173-00079869-00080232 They were to judge the Law and determine that which was "unclean."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00174-00080232-00080731 This included the lepers and those with various bodily conditions.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00175-00080731-00081288 The Consecration of Aaronic priests is covered in detail in the Torah, (first five books of
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00176-00081288-00081449 the Old Testament).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00177-00081449-00081977 Because the formality took 7 days to complete, lack of time prevents us from going into that
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00178-00081977-00082573 detailed description, but the information is found in Exodus chapter 29, along with
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00179-00082573-00083066 30:22-33, and Leviticus 8.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00180-00083066-00083574 Leviticus 2 deals specifically with the instructions and chapter 8 explains the
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00181-00083574-00084124 carrying out of those instructions All candidates had to be totally washed and
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00182-00084124-00084713 appropriately clothed for their position, however, only the High Priest was anointed.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00183-00084713-00084968 Moses anointed the first High Priest, Aaron.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00184-00084968-00085443 Later, this was performed by whoever was serving as the High Priest.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00185-00085443-00085832 All priests were similarly attired for the work of sacrificing.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00186-00085832-00086560 White "boxers", white linen robe, white linen sash or belt, and a white linen turban.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00187-00086560-00087093 The High Priest wore the same outfit while sacrificing, such as on the day of Atonement.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00188-00087093-00087385 Things changed for the High Priest on the Day of Atonement.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00189-00087385-00087874 During this once-a-year ritual, the High Priest had extra tabernacle duties to perform, in
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00190-00087874-00088097 addition to his sacrificial tasks.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00191-00088097-00088606 The most visually obvious was the changing of his apparel.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00192-00088606-00089064 After the Atonement sacrifices, the High Priest put on glorious garments to appear before
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00193-00089064-00089436 the people and most importantly, before God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00194-00089436-00089927 It began with the bare feet of the High Priest, after all the blood from the sacrifices had
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00195-00089927-00090106 been washed off.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00196-00090106-00090613 This was required because he would be walking on Holy Ground (remember Moses at the burning
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00197-00090613-00090900 bush was told to remove his sandals).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00198-00090900-00091498 A fresh pair of white linen "britches", an inner white robe of fine linen, these were
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00199-00091498-00092086 worn under a "blue robe" with bells and pomegranates sewn on the hem of the robe.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00200-00092086-00092618 Then came the ephod and girdle held on by two straps over his shoulders.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00201-00092618-00093302 The ephod was embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet thread, with gold threads mixed in.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00202-00093302-00093862 The ephod had, set in gold, two onyx stones containing the names of the tribes, 
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00203-00093862-00094086 (six on each side).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00204-00094086-00094576 This represented the weight of the twelve tribes on the shoulders of the High Priest.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00205-00094576-00095052 In addition to these was the vest or the  "breastplate of judgment."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00206-00095052-00095695 It contained 12 stones engraved with the name of one of the tribes on each individual stone.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00207-00095695-00096322 Also, folded into a pouch of the ephod were the Urim, and the Thummim.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00208-00096322-00096804 These were stones used by the High Priest to settle serious disputes or petitions to
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00209-00096804-00097256 God for guidance (for example, whether or not to go to war).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00210-00097256-00097760 Finally, the last piece of clothing was the crown, the MITRE.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00211-00097760-00098311 Affixed to the turban on the High Priest was a gold plate with the engraved words, "Holiness
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00212-00098311-00098608 or Holy unto the Lord.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00213-00098608-00099099 In addition to wearing the special clothing, the High Priest had to "apply the blood" of
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00214-00099099-00099318 the animals sacrificed.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00215-00099318-00099780 The blood of the bull and ram was poured out at the base of the altar of sacrifice thereby
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00216-00099780-00099956 making it holy.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00217-00099956-00100467 The blood from the ram was applied to the right earlobe of the priest symbolizing hearing
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00218-00100467-00100723 of faith and listening to the Word of God.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00219-00100723-00101303 It was also applied to the right thumb reminding him to do all in the name of the Lord (I Corinthians
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00220-00101303-00101739 10:31) and lastly, to the right big toe.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00221-00101739-00102332 This application symbolized walking in the Spirit, by faith not by sight.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00222-00102332-00102828 The High Priest used a censor filled with incense and heated with fire from the sacrificial
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00223-00102828-00103208 altar to fill the Holy of Holies with  a sweet aroma.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00224-00103208-00103847 No one wanted to accidentally see God's face; therefore, the smoke was a cautionary procedure.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00225-00103847-00104349 The priest would then sprinkle blood between the cherubim and onto the mercy seat and leave
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00226-00104349-00104819 as quickly as possible out of both fear and respect for the Almighty.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00227-00104819-00105275 The tabernacle duties were the first and only priority of the High Priest and those priests
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00228-00105275-00105429 that assisted him.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00229-00105429-00105983 They were not even allowed to mourn the death of a loved one by dressing in sack cloth and
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00230-00105983-00106203 ashes or shaving their heads.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00231-00106203-00106720 They could not attend a parent's funeral, much less touch a corpse.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00232-00106720-00107201 Nothing was allowed to prevent them from performing their tabernacle assignments.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00233-00107201-00107759 The priesthood was of definite importance and a definite portrayal of Jesus Christ.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00234-00107759-00108197 The fact was that God intended to establish a "nation of priests" in the future
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00235-00108197-00108808 (Exodus 19:6; Revelation 1:6 and 20:6).
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00236-00108808-00109313 The book of Hebrews, in particular chapters 9 & 10 explain that Christ was not just our
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00237-00109313-00110095 High Priest (Hebrews 3:1), but that He was better in every way – the perfect High Priest
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00238-00110095-00110316 without the human limitations.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00239-00110316-00110900 Jesus became all the things symbolized in the tabernacle and in the priesthood as well
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00240-00110900-00111126 as the fulfillment of the Law.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00241-00111126-00111669 We, as Christians, the Church, replace the tabernacle as God sends His Spirit to dwell
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00242-00111669-00111769 within us.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00243-00111769-00112402 "And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, ‘Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00244-00112402-00112775 and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00245-00112775-00113098 God Himself will be with them and  be their God'."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00246-00113098-00113586 Revelation 21:3 "Seeing we have such a great High Priest,
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00247-00113586-00114077 who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, a High Priest who can sympathize
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00248-00114077-00114657 with us (being tempted in all points as we are, yet without sin), let us therefore come
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00249-00114657-00115191 boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy and find grace to help in time
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00250-00115191-00115320 of need."
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00251-00115320-00115824 Hebrews 4:14-16 If you have not already done so, view the
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00252-00115824-00116520 series entitled: "Exodus for Beginners: God Creates a Nation" at BibleTalk.tv.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00253-00116520-00117096 We end this series offering you God's richest blessings and a prayer from Revelation 1:5-6:
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00254-00117096-00117677 "To Him who loved us and washed us from our sins in His own blood and has made us kings
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00255-00117677-00118247 and priests to His God and Father, to Him be the glory and dominion forever and ever.
E2ai2bpkyNQ-00256-00118247-00118348 Amen!
E3jBrNnqpH8-00000-00000090-00000564 Compressibility and elasticity.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00001-00000564-00001554 So when we animate a water balloon bouncing, notice that there is quite a bit of squash
E3jBrNnqpH8-00002-00001554-00002091 and stretch in the shape of the water balloon.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00003-00002091-00002763 And all one thing we might wonder is what about the volume of the balloon.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00004-00002763-00003469 Well it turns out that most solids, and liquids are almost completely incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00005-00003469-00004148 Now that means is that it takes an enormous amount of force to change their volume.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00006-00004148-00005023 Now the water balloon easily changes shape since it's mostly liquid, but the volume does
E3jBrNnqpH8-00007-00005023-00005787 not change, because of water, as most liquids is very incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00008-00005787-00006055 Now let's look at a demonstration of this.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00009-00006055-00006811 So I have a syringe with air, and I put a brick on top, and you see that the air is
E3jBrNnqpH8-00010-00006811-00007509 compressed, and if I had more weight, it's compressed more.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00011-00007509-00008761 This is a demonstration of Boyle's law for air that as I increase the pressure in a gas,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00012-00008761-00008951 the volume decreases.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00013-00008951-00009674 On the other hand, a liquid such as water is nearly incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00014-00009674-00010401 So I add the brick on top and there is virtually no volume change.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00015-00010401-00011443 I add the second brick, again no change in the volume.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00016-00011443-00012272 Now the measurement of the compressibility of the material is called the Young's modulus.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00017-00012272-00013078 And this indicates the amount of force that’s required to compress it or to stretch it.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00018-00013078-00013802 Now a material such as rubber happens to be very compressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00019-00013802-00014208 So it has a small Young's modulus.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00020-00014208-00014679 On the other hand water has a much larger Young's modulus.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00021-00014679-00015111 And in fact, it’s almost as large as wood and bone.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00022-00015111-00015885 So water is nearly as incompressible as wood and things like concrete and steel are even
E3jBrNnqpH8-00023-00015885-00016006 more incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00024-00016006-00016790 They require even more force to change their volume.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00025-00016790-00017717 So one of the early styles of animation was the so-called rubber hose or rubber band style,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00026-00017717-00018651 and we saw that in the Betty Boop’s Snow White cartoon, that the characters often not
E3jBrNnqpH8-00027-00018651-00019879 just to stretch, but they actually change their volume as if they were rubber.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00028-00019879-00020884 Now we want to do a realistic animation of a water balloon, then we want to capture that
E3jBrNnqpH8-00029-00020884-00021718 the fact that water is incompressible, and so to stay on model with the water balloon,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00030-00021718-00022089 it needs to keep a constant volume.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00031-00022089-00023004 And in fact, since most materials are incompressible, you want to preserve volume unless you're
E3jBrNnqpH8-00032-00023004-00023401 actually animating actually rubber.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00033-00023401-00024422 Now, talking about of bouncing, most things will lose some height when the bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00034-00024422-00025190 So we see this ball, which has an impact, and then when it bounces back up, it doesn't
E3jBrNnqpH8-00035-00025190-00025895 quite reach the same height that it started from, and with each bounce the height is somewhat
E3jBrNnqpH8-00036-00025895-00025995 lower.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00037-00025995-00026685 So there's loss of energy with each impact on the ground.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00038-00026685-00027563 Now the characteristic that indicates how much of height is lost with each bounce is
E3jBrNnqpH8-00039-00027563-00027806 the elasticity.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00040-00027806-00028895 Now a rubber ball is rather elastic, and so it bounces a fairly high when it's dropped
E3jBrNnqpH8-00041-00028895-00029539 on a hard surface, and it doesn't lose that much height with each bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00042-00029539-00030274 But so does steel ball bearing, or a golf ball, they are also elastic.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00043-00030274-00031049 They also retain much of their height with each bounce off of a hard surface.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00044-00031049-00031542 But the steel ball and a golf ball are very incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00045-00031542-00032131 So you should not confuse elasticity with compressibility.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00046-00032131-00032906 Rubber happens to be both compressible and elastic, but steel is very incompressible
E3jBrNnqpH8-00047-00032906-00033179 and yet it's also elastic.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00048-00033179-00033983 Now something like a ball of Plato, when it hits a hard surface, it doesn't really bounce
E3jBrNnqpH8-00049-00033983-00034318 at all, so is it is inelastic.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00050-00034318-00035226 However Plato is also incompressible, so it's made change shape somewhat on impact, but
E3jBrNnqpH8-00051-00035226-00035809 it does not get larger or smaller in terms of volume.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00052-00035809-00036694 Now, interestingly, water is actually elastic, and you can see this from the fact that when
E3jBrNnqpH8-00053-00036694-00037538 you have a drop of water that hits a hard surface, the splash actually goes quite high.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00054-00037538-00038352 Of course, the water droplet doesn't preserve its shape upon the impact, but still a lot
E3jBrNnqpH8-00055-00038352-00038876 of the energy is preserved and we see that from height of the splash.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00056-00038876-00039658 You also see that in other phenomena, like be able to skip a stone off of the surface.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00057-00039658-00040219 And this tells us that the water balloon, because of elasticity of the water, actually
E3jBrNnqpH8-00058-00040219-00040868 tends the bounce of rather high, especially compared to something like flour sag.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00059-00040868-00041780 Now the measurement of elasticity is the coefficient of restitution.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00060-00041780-00042372 So this measures the elasticity on a impact for a bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00061-00042372-00043465 So depending on how elastic or inelastic material is, it will lose a certain percentage of its
E3jBrNnqpH8-00062-00043465-00043690 height on each bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00063-00043690-00044625 So nothing is perfectly elastic, but golf ball is, say, more elastic, so it loses about
E3jBrNnqpH8-00064-00044625-00044987 a third of its height per bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00065-00044987-00045729 Something like a steel ball bearing, is still fairly elastic but somewhat less, so it loses
E3jBrNnqpH8-00066-00045729-00046613 about two thirds of its height per bounce, and something like a ball Plato is very inelastic,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00067-00046613-00047171 so it loses essentially hundred percent of its height.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00068-00047171-00048096 Now looking at these pictures of bouncing, you may notice that the distance, side to
E3jBrNnqpH8-00069-00048096-00048633 side that's covered on the bouncing is smaller with each bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00070-00048633-00049118 This mostly has to do with the fact that because the height is lower, the time in the air is
E3jBrNnqpH8-00071-00049118-00049831 lower, and so it doesn't travels far in the air with each bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00072-00049831-00050508 The horizontal spacings are mostly staying the same.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00073-00050508-00051389 Now we can preserve bounce height in a variety of ways if we have, say, moving surface like
E3jBrNnqpH8-00074-00051389-00052100 someone of bouncing the ball off a tennis racket that they’re hitting the ball up,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00075-00052100-00052388 then it can preserve height.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00076-00052388-00052904 Also if ball has a lot of spin, once it hits the ground, some of that energy in the spin
E3jBrNnqpH8-00077-00052904-00053841 can be transferred into sending the ball higher, or even say a character pushing down with
E3jBrNnqpH8-00078-00053841-00054370 each bounce can change the height.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00079-00054370-00055495 Now interestingly, the path of action with each bounce has an arc which is a duplicate
E3jBrNnqpH8-00080-00055495-00055712 of the higher bounces.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00081-00055712-00056866 So we can say, very easily create a lower balance by copying the upper parts of the
E3jBrNnqpH8-00082-00056866-00057466 arc of previous balance.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00083-00057466-00058289 If we want to put a little bit of variety here, we can stretch the lower bounds in the
E3jBrNnqpH8-00084-00058289-00058905 horizontal direction, so we can stretch it horizontally or compressive horizontally to
E3jBrNnqpH8-00085-00058905-00059637 change the horizontal spacings, but we shouldn't touch the vertical spacing, because of vertical
E3jBrNnqpH8-00086-00059637-00060226 spacings indicate the acceleration of gravity, and we don't would be changing the strength
E3jBrNnqpH8-00087-00060226-00060624 of gravity from bounce to bounce.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00088-00060624-00061631 Similarly, the motion graph the arcs on bounces are duplicates, so here this is actually some
E3jBrNnqpH8-00089-00061631-00062626 data from looking at the position of a bouncing ball on frame to frame, and when we look at
E3jBrNnqpH8-00090-00062626-00063691 the height graph against time, so each dot is a different frame in the video, you see
E3jBrNnqpH8-00091-00063691-00064523 that the different parabolic arcs are duplicates of each other.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00092-00064523-00065354 So consider the following question: suppose that we have a ball that due to the spin happens
E3jBrNnqpH8-00093-00065354-00065454 to bounce like.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00094-00065454-00066211 So this goes up, then down, and because the ball has some spin, it happens to come up
E3jBrNnqpH8-00095-00066211-00066727 to the same height and then come down just not go as far.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00096-00066727-00067744 So if that's what we want to animate, is the motion curve, say the graph editor, does that
E3jBrNnqpH8-00097-00067744-00068257 look like what I've sketched here?
E3jBrNnqpH8-00098-00068257-00068433 Yes?
E3jBrNnqpH8-00099-00068433-00068611 No?
E3jBrNnqpH8-00100-00068611-00068948 Maybe yes maybe not?
E3jBrNnqpH8-00101-00068948-00069736 Well the answer is no, the reason the answer is no is that because these two bounces go
E3jBrNnqpH8-00102-00069736-00070507 up to the same height, on the motion curve, they have to be the same number of frames.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00103-00070507-00071279 Remember that the amount of time in the air depends only on the height and so because
E3jBrNnqpH8-00104-00071279-00071994 these two go to the same height, they have to be in the air for the same amount of time.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00105-00071994-00072413 So these two have to be duplicates.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00106-00072413-00073297 Now the motion curve for the horizontal position on each frame will be different for the first
E3jBrNnqpH8-00107-00073297-00074058 bounce than the second bounce, but not the motion curve for the height.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00108-00074058-00074755 So in summary, most liquids and solids are very incompressible.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00109-00074755-00075645 Rubber is a solid, which is actually compressible, so if you have a character's volume changing
E3jBrNnqpH8-00110-00075645-00076130 then it looks rubbery.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00111-00076130-00076438 Elasticity is not the same as compressibility.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00112-00076438-00077342 So there are many things that are fairly elastic, but that doesn't mean that their volume changes,
E3jBrNnqpH8-00113-00077342-00077676 say, on impact.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00114-00077676-00078241 Elastic objects, bouncing on the hard surface, tend to retain most of their energy of impact.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00115-00078241-00079310 So they bounce fairly high, the more elastic they are, the higher they will go, but with
E3jBrNnqpH8-00116-00079310-00079962 each bounce, since nothing is perfectly elastic, they are still bouncing somewhat lower with
E3jBrNnqpH8-00117-00079962-00080700 each bounce, but that amount is the same percentage from one bounce to the next.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00118-00080700-00082077 Eventually the motion stop, it doesn’t bounce forever but that…The vertical spacings in
E3jBrNnqpH8-00119-00082077-00083014 the parabolic path of action are the same with each bounce, and the parabolic arc of
E3jBrNnqpH8-00120-00083014-00083470 the motion curve for each bounce has the same shape.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00121-00083470-00084435 So remember these vertical spacings in the path of action, and the parabolic arc on the
E3jBrNnqpH8-00122-00084435-00085045 motion curve, the shape of the parabolic arc on the motion curve, both of those indicate
E3jBrNnqpH8-00123-00085045-00085233 the acceleration of gravity.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00124-00085233-00086004 So you don't want to be changing the acceleration of gravity from one bounce to the next, that’s
E3jBrNnqpH8-00125-00086004-00086351 very noticeably unbelievable.
E3jBrNnqpH8-00126-00086351-00087213 So hopefully, that explains some of the issues about objects a squashing and stretching as
E3jBrNnqpH8-00127-00087213-00087287 they bounce.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00000-00000057-00000229 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00001-00000229-00000649 نحمده و نصلي على رسوله الكريم أما بعد
E4gQSNvpEY8-00002-00000753-00000960 Allah (ﷻ) has sent us into this world
E4gQSNvpEY8-00003-00000960-00001110 for a temporary period,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00004-00001204-00001467 based on a persons impressions does he get affected
E4gQSNvpEY8-00005-00001467-00001625 by the Mahol and the environment
E4gQSNvpEY8-00006-00001625-00001852 and does his attention goes to that side.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00007-00001897-00002185 Allah (ﷻ) has given us solutions whether
E4gQSNvpEY8-00008-00002185-00002321 the person is worried about their health
E4gQSNvpEY8-00009-00002321-00002524 or about calamities, security,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00010-00002603-00002769 more importantly,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00011-00002835-00003116 the traps and the plotting of Iblees and Shaytaan,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00012-00003116-00003315 where a person can lose his Imaan.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00013-00003315-00003486 خسرت الدنيا والآخرة
E4gQSNvpEY8-00014-00003624-00003792 So we can Imagine there is so much
E4gQSNvpEY8-00015-00003854-00004219 light, Noor, guidance in Quraan and Hadith,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00016-00004308-00004572 that if a person passes their life and they not
E4gQSNvpEY8-00017-00004664-00004924 having access to this, what a loss.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00018-00004980-00005160 In the world when a person becomes
E4gQSNvpEY8-00019-00005160-00005323 bankrupt and they declare bankruptcy,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00020-00005369-00005444 we say
E4gQSNvpEY8-00021-00005518-00005660 that's a great loss, no
E4gQSNvpEY8-00022-00005721-00006038 that is small compared to being bankrupt in the Aakhirah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00023-00006084-00006379 We need to spend time with the Ulama, we need to learn Deen.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00024-00006412-00006612 Deen has all our
E4gQSNvpEY8-00025-00006630-00006795 needs and solutions.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00026-00006923-00007023 So we need to make a lot
E4gQSNvpEY8-00027-00007030-00007187 of Dua that Allah (ﷻ) guides us
E4gQSNvpEY8-00028-00007188-00007488 to the truth, otherwise this world is filled with deceptions.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00029-00007556-00007984 Even sometimes, the experts get caught in this deception.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00030-00008097-00008294 There was a story of an unemployed
E4gQSNvpEY8-00031-00008308-00008619 engineer who decides to open up a medical clinic.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00032-00008675-00008947 So the engineer who wasn't employed for a long time decided
E4gQSNvpEY8-00033-00008974-00009100 this is the way to go and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00034-00009100-00009300 he puts a sign outside the clinic,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00035-00009331-00009644 a cure for your ailment guaranteed $500,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00036-00009668-00009945 we will pay you $1000 if we fail.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00037-00010012-00010145 So a doctor didn't like it.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00038-00010220-00010390 That heres an engineer, his opened up,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00039-00010390-00010608 he is capitalizing
E4gQSNvpEY8-00040-00010675-00010808 on the trade and the industry,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00041-00010862-00011036 this is a good opportunity now, let me make
E4gQSNvpEY8-00042-00011036-00011236 some money, I can make $1000.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00043-00011256-00011387 So he goes to the clinic.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00044-00011417-00011673 So the doctor says: "I've lost my sense of taste."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00045-00011745-00011900 So the doctor ideally would have
E4gQSNvpEY8-00046-00011980-00012211 looked for symptoms which he knew the
E4gQSNvpEY8-00047-00012211-00012550 clinic will not find any solution, they will be helpless
E4gQSNvpEY8-00048-00012598-00012777 because he is an expert, that's his field.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00049-00012809-00012977 So he will find a solution.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00050-00013054-00013276 So the engineer said: "Nurse please bring
E4gQSNvpEY8-00051-00013305-00013476 medicine from box 22,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00052-00013476-00013697 put 3 drops in the patients mouth."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00053-00013819-00014107 So as the droplets were put in the doctor said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00054-00014107-00014284 "This is gasoline."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00055-00014284-00014491 So the engineer said: "Congratulations
E4gQSNvpEY8-00056-00014518-00014803 you've got your taste back, that will be $500 dollars."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00057-00014888-00015113 So the doctor gets annoyed now, he is very upset.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00058-00015113-00015329 He goes back after a couple of days later
E4gQSNvpEY8-00059-00015369-00015716 and he thinks of another solution how he can trap the engineer
E4gQSNvpEY8-00060-00015780-00016043 and he can recover his money, so he said: "Doctor
E4gQSNvpEY8-00061-00016083-00016376 I've lost my memory I cannot remember anything."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00062-00016524-00016844 So the engineer said: "Nurse please bring medicine from box 22,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00063-00016848-00017113 put 3 drops in the patients mouth." The doctor:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00064-00017184-00017353 "but that is gasoline."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00065-00017456-00017560 So the engineer says:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00066-00017560-00017812 "Congratulations, you've got your memory back,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00067-00017867-00017987 congratulations
E4gQSNvpEY8-00068-00018000-00018273 you've got your memory back, that'll be $500."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00069-00018342-00018627 The doctor leaves angrily again upset
E4gQSNvpEY8-00070-00018710-00018827 and comes back
E4gQSNvpEY8-00071-00018846-00019155 again after several days but this time he is determined
E4gQSNvpEY8-00072-00019177-00019363 that I'm going to get my money back.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00073-00019422-00019697 So he thought of a solution how he can trick the engineer.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00074-00019784-00020073 So the doctor says: "My eyesight has become weak."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00075-00020193-00020288 So the engineer
E4gQSNvpEY8-00076-00020300-00020502 replies: "Well doctor
E4gQSNvpEY8-00077-00020502-00020782 well I don't have any medicine for this,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00078-00020865-00021051 take this $1000."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00079-00021166-00021291 and he passes
E4gQSNvpEY8-00080-00021316-00021646 the doctor a $500 note
E4gQSNvpEY8-00081-00021673-00021892 take this $1000 but he passes him
E4gQSNvpEY8-00082-00021963-00022144 a $500 note.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00083-00022144-00022395 So the doctor says: "But this is $500."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00084-00022456-00022680 So the engineer says: "Congratulations
E4gQSNvpEY8-00085-00022740-00022923 you've got your vision back,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00086-00022960-00023225 that will be another $500."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00087-00023406-00023515 So,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00088-00023614-00023776 Dunya is like that,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00089-00023776-00024024 full of Dohka, full of deception,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00090-00024024-00024270 everybody is there to extort everyone else.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00091-00024321-00024542 Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00092-00024568-00024816 and Deen is there to give us,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00093-00024816-00025070 not to extort us or deprive us,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00094-00025169-00025515 and a person who does not give for Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ),
E4gQSNvpEY8-00095-00025550-00025793 he cannot take from Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00096-00025832-00026139 So these A'maal, are the A'maal of Nubuwwat.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00097-00026166-00026339 Let us try and learn,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00098-00026412-00026708 learn Deen, understand Deen, practice Deen and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00099-00026708-00027004 propagate Deen. The Riwaayat of Anas (رضي الله عنه):
E4gQSNvpEY8-00100-00027060-00027291 من قال إذا خرج من بيته
E4gQSNvpEY8-00101-00027292-00027464 when you leave your home and you read this Dua
E4gQSNvpEY8-00102-00027464-00027756 بِسْمِ اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00103-00027766-00028118 ولاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِاللَّهِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00104-00028208-00028489 A person who says this a voice from the unseen,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00105-00028489-00028611 the Farishtas say:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00106-00028662-00029033 هُدِيتَ وَكُفِيتَ وَوُقِيتَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00107-00029035-00029260 فَتَتَنَحَّى لَهُ الشَّيَاطِينُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00108-00029401-00029577 that you will be guided,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00109-00029608-00029752 you will be sufficed,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00110-00029779-00029952 you will be protected,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00111-00029995-00030152 and Shaytaan
E4gQSNvpEY8-00112-00030202-00030518 disappears, runs away flees from this person.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00113-00030582-00030892 So all those needs that we have when leaving the home.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00114-00030945-00031288 A simple Dua will suffice for our needs.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00115-00031393-00031683 So we need to have Yaqeen in the A'maal of Nubuwwat.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00116-00031747-00031852 Likewise,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00117-00031907-00032176 to say everyday, whether it's often
E4gQSNvpEY8-00118-00032176-00032379 whether we fix a time morning or evening,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00119-00032379-00032566 3 times, 5 times, 7 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00120-00032639-00033036 حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل
E4gQSNvpEY8-00121-00033099-00033228 that should be
E4gQSNvpEY8-00122-00033347-00033523 on our tongues often.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00123-00033603-00033974 Why? it was the Sunnah of Ambiyaa (عليه السلام).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00124-00033993-00034316 Likewise, from anytime of difficulty and hardship,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00125-00034358-00034582 like Ibrahim (عليه السلام),
E4gQSNvpEY8-00126-00034595-00034764 when he was thrown in the fire,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00127-00034776-00034950 he repeated the same words.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00128-00034980-00035400 حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل
E4gQSNvpEY8-00129-00035489-00035726 Likewise, Nabi (ﷺ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00130-00035753-00036065 used this same words in the Battle of Uhud,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00131-00036089-00036448 when there was a situation
E4gQSNvpEY8-00132-00036513-00036883 and these same words were utilized, some Quraanic Ayaat
E4gQSNvpEY8-00133-00036926-00037027 were revealed.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00134-00037041-00037699 إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكُمْ فَاخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَانًا
E4gQSNvpEY8-00135-00037707-00038168 وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00136-00038252-00038537 حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00137-00038566-00038737 So these are the words that we should
E4gQSNvpEY8-00138-00038804-00038966 keep our tongues busy with.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00139-00038987-00039177 Amongst the benefits Ulama explain:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00140-00039204-00039582 دفع السوء والأذى by repeating this, any evil
E4gQSNvpEY8-00141-00039606-00039849 any harms, any afflictions,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00142-00039873-00040137 that, will not come to a person. Secondly:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00143-00040172-00040401 كسب رضاء الرحمن
E4gQSNvpEY8-00144-00040420-00040545 that a person
E4gQSNvpEY8-00145-00040670-00041000 will achieve the pleasure
E4gQSNvpEY8-00146-00041019-00041224 and the happiness of Allah(ﷻ).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00147-00041273-00041388 Number 3:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00148-00041494-00042028 بث الرعب و الخوف في نفوس الظالمين والأعداء
E4gQSNvpEY8-00149-00042036-00042425 That a person who reads this Dua will cause fear
E4gQSNvpEY8-00150-00042545-00042780 and anxiety and awe
E4gQSNvpEY8-00151-00042780-00043009 in the hearts of the oppresses.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00152-00043009-00043355 and the enemies, so if you fear enemies, read this Dua.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00153-00043409-00043632 كفاية الهموم والغموم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00154-00043648-00043737 Number 4:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00155-00043744-00044076 it will suffice for all worries, stress,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00156-00044120-00044342 anxiety, that a person has.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00157-00044361-00045048 Number 5:حفظ الله والرِعَايَتِه The protection of Allah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00158-00045076-00045198 and the special
E4gQSNvpEY8-00159-00045284-00045630 Tawajju and attention from Allah (ﷻ) for this person.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00160-00045688-00045800 Number 6:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00161-00045932-00046126 تيسير الامور
E4gQSNvpEY8-00162-00046248-00046432 وإستجلاب الرزق
E4gQSNvpEY8-00163-00046451-00046724 That all his matters will become easy
E4gQSNvpEY8-00164-00046774-00047062 and this will draw Rizq
E4gQSNvpEY8-00165-00047116-00047449 and sustenance for a person.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00166-00047592-00047816 So try to
E4gQSNvpEY8-00167-00047835-00047990 read this quite often.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00168-00047990-00048326 Let us busy moist our tongues with this Thikr.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00169-00048404-00048652 Then to read 25 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00170-00048691-00049187 daily, a person should read 25
E4gQSNvpEY8-00171-00049233-00049379 times daily.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00172-00049528-00049998 اللهم اغفر لجميع المؤمنين و المؤمنات
E4gQSNvpEY8-00173-00050116-00050256 If you want to make it longer.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00174-00050420-00051097 اللهم اغفر لجميع المؤمنين و المؤمنات وَ المُسلِمینَ وَ المُسلِمَاتِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00175-00051291-00051414 So
E4gQSNvpEY8-00176-00051544-00051696 different Riwaayaat,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00177-00051784-00052360 different Ayaat, have emphasised seeking forgiveness
E4gQSNvpEY8-00178-00052442-00052848 واستغفر لذنبك وللمؤمنين
E4gQSNvpEY8-00179-00052977-00053083 So like how
E4gQSNvpEY8-00180-00053283-00053457 we have been encouraged in the Quraan
E4gQSNvpEY8-00181-00053457-00053739 different Ambiyaa (عليه السلام), Nuh (عليه السلام),
E4gQSNvpEY8-00182-00053739-00054179 رَّبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَن دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00183-00054251-00054371 Ibrahim (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00184-00054371-00054678 رَّبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00185-00054829-00055016 and the Riwaayat,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00186-00055176-00055479 one is in Tabrani, obviously Ulama have
E4gQSNvpEY8-00187-00055504-00055689 gone into detail on the Kalaam but
E4gQSNvpEY8-00188-00055689-00055814 we won't get into detail of that now.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00189-00055972-00056585 استغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات كتب الله بكل مؤمن ومؤمنة حسنة
E4gQSNvpEY8-00190-00056632-00056920 If a person does this daily for every believer
E4gQSNvpEY8-00191-00056953-00057278 male or female, he will get that amount of reward.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00192-00057307-00057926 من استغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات كل يوم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00193-00058038-00058216 Everyday whoever does this here,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00194-00058279-00058625 one Riwaayat 27 times, another Riwaayat 25 times.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00195-00058769-00059102 كان من الذين يستجاب لهم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00196-00059172-00059480 Allah will make them from amongst مستجاب الدعوات
E4gQSNvpEY8-00197-00059555-00059704 and they will
E4gQSNvpEY8-00198-00059795-00059964 be given Rizq and through them,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00199-00059964-00060214 the people of the earth will be given Rizq.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00200-00060275-00060510 The Riwaayat in Majma-uz-Zawaid
E4gQSNvpEY8-00201-00060540-00060710 in Tabrani mentioned:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00202-00060729-00060870 So different narrations
E4gQSNvpEY8-00203-00060917-00061049 but let us try
E4gQSNvpEY8-00204-00061067-00061315 to make it a Ma'mool, so 25,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00205-00061355-00061641 27 times everyday,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00206-00061667-00061867 we should be seeking
E4gQSNvpEY8-00207-00061908-00062220 forgiveness for the Ummah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00208-00062275-00062420 then 10 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00209-00062454-00062526 daily.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00210-00062529-00063035 من استعاذ في اليوم عشر مرات من الشيطان
E4gQSNvpEY8-00211-00063035-00063235 Say: (أَعُوذُ بِالله مِن الشَّيْطَان الرَّجِيم)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00212-00063299-00063785 وَكَّلَ الله به مَلَكًا يَرُدُّ عَنْهُ الشَّيَاطِينَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00213-00063816-00064174 Allah will deploy an angel to protect you from the Shayateen.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00214-00064208-00064510 مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ فِي يَوْمٍ عَشْرَ مرات
E4gQSNvpEY8-00215-00064532-00064785 وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهِ مَلَكًا
E4gQSNvpEY8-00216-00064800-00065032 يَذُودُ عَنْهُ الشَّيَاطِينَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00217-00065100-00065326 That this Angel will dispel
E4gQSNvpEY8-00218-00065369-00065716 all the Shayaateen, so daily 10 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00219-00065769-00065904 if you want to do it in the evening also,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00220-00065904-00066003 you can do it in the evening.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00221-00066088-00066356 Then the Dua of Moosa (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00222-00066449-00067017 إِنِّي لِمَا أَنزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَقِيرٌ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00223-00067254-00067432 So Moosa (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00224-00067500-00067716 Used these words Moulana Saeed Khansaab said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00225-00067716-00067939 In the time of difficulty, needs, hardships,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00226-00067942-00068060 we should use these words
E4gQSNvpEY8-00227-00068096-00068371 quite often. The Ulama have explained:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00228-00068502-00068716 when a person has any needs
E4gQSNvpEY8-00229-00068721-00069332 لقضاء حاجته لأنه توسل إلى الله<b></b>
E4gQSNvpEY8-00230-00069361-00069844 because this is a means of showing Allah your need
E4gQSNvpEY8-00231-00069880-00070190 and your humbleness والفقير المحتاج
E4gQSNvpEY8-00232-00070230-00070430 and a person who is in need
E4gQSNvpEY8-00233-00070460-00070676 a Faqeer is a needy person.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00234-00070745-00071030 So, one is we are praising Allah (ﷻ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00235-00071073-00071283 that you are the one that will solve problems,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00236-00071302-00071500 and I am the one who has problems.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00237-00071528-00071800 So Ya Allah, you solve my problems.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00238-00071947-00072076 So
E4gQSNvpEY8-00239-00072318-00072673 a person can read it when he feels for a certain need
E4gQSNvpEY8-00240-00072803-00072916 that a person.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00241-00072956-00073116 Like Moosa (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00242-00073116-00073316 and Muhaditheen explain:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00243-00073337-00073516 he said this Dua here,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00244-00073595-00073828 Allah (ﷻ) accepted his Dua
E4gQSNvpEY8-00245-00073843-00074128 بأن الله أَلْهَمَ شعيبا
E4gQSNvpEY8-00246-00074228-00074624 Allah (ﷻ) sent Ilhaam to Shuaib (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00247-00074678-00074843 and what was the result,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00248-00074884-00075136 that he stayed there in the company of the Nabi
E4gQSNvpEY8-00249-00075174-00075540 and يزوجه بنته
E4gQSNvpEY8-00250-00075576-00075801 he married a daughter of a Nabi,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00251-00075996-00076209 he married a daughter of a Nabi.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00252-00076259-00076460 Ibn Taimiyya (رحمة الله عليه) has said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00253-00076476-00076784 هذا وصف لِحَالِهِ بأنه فقير
E4gQSNvpEY8-00254-00076859-00076990 That you are telling Allah,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00255-00077086-00077416 that I am Faqeer means the fact that you say I am a beggar,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00256-00077416-00077856 is itself a Dua and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00257-00077888-00078145 it is as if you are telling Allah you are in need
E4gQSNvpEY8-00258-00078169-00078460 إنزال الخير إليه
E4gQSNvpEY8-00259-00078552-00078905 and it is a means for all goodness to come to you.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00260-00078958-00079105 Then when we do anything.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00261-00079115-00079321 ما خاب من استخار
E4gQSNvpEY8-00262-00079379-00079561 So a person who makes Istikhaarah,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00263-00079675-00079836 he will not be disappointed.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00264-00079952-00080206 so whether we read Istikharah for every matter
E4gQSNvpEY8-00265-00080206-00080432 اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيـرُكَ بِعِلْمَكَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00266-00080451-00080822 وَأسْتَقْدِرُكَ بِقُدْرَتِكَ till the end of the Dua
E4gQSNvpEY8-00267-00080870-00081328 or the Riwaayat of Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqaas (رضي الله عنه)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00268-00081446-00081921 من سعادة ابن آدم استخارته الله<b></b>
E4gQSNvpEY8-00269-00081939-00082129 ورضاه بما قضى الله
E4gQSNvpEY8-00270-00082243-00082396 That a person is fortunate,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00271-00082452-00082644 that he makes Istikharah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00272-00082707-00082883 and whatever Istikharah,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00273-00082905-00083083 whatever situation follows,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00274-00083113-00083396 he is happy with the decision of Allah (ﷻ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00275-00083424-00083636 and unfortunate of a person
E4gQSNvpEY8-00276-00083662-00084084 is a person who is very unfortunate, who leaves Istikharah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00277-00084132-00084419 and he becomes upset with the decision of Allah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00278-00084449-00084681 In the Riwaayat of Ayesha (رضي الله عنها)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00279-00084764-00085238 أن النبي ﷺ كان إذا أراد أمرا قال
E4gQSNvpEY8-00280-00085244-00085438 when He intended any matter He used to say:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00281-00085438-00085638 اَللّهُمَّ خِرْلى وَاخْتَرْلى
E4gQSNvpEY8-00282-00085686-00086084 Riwaayat of Tirmidhi, that when
E4gQSNvpEY8-00283-00086123-00086342 he wanted to do anything, he used to read
E4gQSNvpEY8-00284-00086342-00086555 this Dua, Oh Allah make it good for me
E4gQSNvpEY8-00285-00086590-00086809 and choose for me what is best.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00286-00086856-00087105 Whatever is best Ya Allah, put that decision
E4gQSNvpEY8-00287-00087168-00087465 and let that happen so
E4gQSNvpEY8-00288-00087572-00087764 we should, whether a person is going
E4gQSNvpEY8-00289-00087764-00087931 to a store and buying something
E4gQSNvpEY8-00290-00087931-00088192 insignificant, or whether it's something big,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00291-00088224-00088459 generally the norm is Istikhaarah only
E4gQSNvpEY8-00292-00088488-00088748 for Nikaah, more than that there is no other Istikhaarah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00293-00088780-00088982 Whereas we should be saying Istikhaarah,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00294-00089012-00089219 everyday, morning, evening.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00295-00089238-00089507 When we buying things, otherwise not the long Istikhaarah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00296-00089536-00089707 Then the short Istikhaarah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00297-00089747-00090075 In another Jami Dua, if we don't know all these Ad'iyah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00298-00090097-00090280 Then we should try to read it
E4gQSNvpEY8-00299-00090281-00090534 and make an intention for whatever we asking for.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00300-00090545-00091164 اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا سَأَلَكَ مِنْهُ نَبِيُّكَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00301-00091201-00091715 وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْهُ نَبِيُّكَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00302-00091745-00092241 وَأَنْتَ المُسْتَعَانُ، وَعَلَيْكَ البَلَاغُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ العظيم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00303-00092260-00092462 That Ya Allah, whatever good Nabi (ﷺ) asked,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00304-00092462-00092806 grant me that and whatever evil He sought refuge from.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00305-00092843-00093049 Ya Allah protect me from that
E4gQSNvpEY8-00306-00093092-00093278 So that should be part of out daily Dua,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00307-00093278-00093489 whether we read it morning and evening or whether we making
E4gQSNvpEY8-00308-00093523-00093771 Dua to Allah (ﷻ).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00309-00093899-00094011 Then
E4gQSNvpEY8-00310-00094107-00094281 another A'mal is to say:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00311-00094281-00094752 اللهم بارك لي في الموت وفِيما بعد الموت
E4gQSNvpEY8-00312-00094942-00095241 and this should be done 25 times daily.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00313-00095251-00095529 In the Riwaayat of Ayesha (رضي الله عنها), in Tabrani
E4gQSNvpEY8-00314-00095601-00095788 and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00315-00095913-00096115 in his Kitaab
E4gQSNvpEY8-00316-00096291-00096505 and some Kalaam has been made.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00317-00096510-00096840 Daaraqutni etc and Ulama have discussed and debated
E4gQSNvpEY8-00318-00096840-00097051 on the chain of narrators etc
E4gQSNvpEY8-00319-00097136-00097204 but She said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00320-00097204-00097593 يا رسول الله ليس الشهيد إلا من قتل في سبيل الله
E4gQSNvpEY8-00321-00097675-00097966 That a Shaheed is only a person
E4gQSNvpEY8-00322-00097966-00098204 who passes away in the path of Allah (ﷻ).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00323-00098275-00098435 So then Nabi (ﷺ) said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00324-00098438-00099044 يا عائشة إن شهداء أمتي إذًا لقليل
E4gQSNvpEY8-00325-00099051-00099246 Then we won't have many Shuhadah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00326-00099275-00099427 in the Ummah, imagine a person lives
E4gQSNvpEY8-00327-00099427-00099720 in an era there is no war no chance or opportunity for Shahadah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00328-00099780-00099982 Then He said: Whoever reads 25 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00329-00100017-00100376 in the morning أعطاء الله أجر شهيد
E4gQSNvpEY8-00330-00100409-00100560 Allah (ﷻ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00331-00100584-00100865 will give him the reward of a Shaheed.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00332-00100968-00101369 Some Ulama say this is the words of Sufyaan Thawri (رحمة الله عليه)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00333-00101395-00101446 and he used to say:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00334-00101448-00102046 اللهم سلم سلم ربي بارك لي في الموت ، وفيما بعد الموت
E4gQSNvpEY8-00335-00102110-00102364 but we can understand also there are Ahadeeth.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00336-00102417-00102579 Like for example, the one in Bhukhari,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00337-00102601-00102899 اللهم أحيني ما كانت الحياة خيرًا لي
E4gQSNvpEY8-00338-00102929-00103258 وتوفني إذا كانت الوفاة خيرًا لي
E4gQSNvpEY8-00339-00103382-00103633 So a person if he had to make Dua,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00340-00103633-00103769 then he should make this Dua.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00341-00103846-00104044 So the Dua for Shahadah is a good Dua,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00342-00104044-00104244 likewise other Riwaayat
E4gQSNvpEY8-00343-00104324-00104579 of Muslim Shareef من مات ولم يغزُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00344-00104617-00104843 A person who passes away he doesn't go in battle
E4gQSNvpEY8-00345-00104880-00105140 ولم يحدث نفسه به
E4gQSNvpEY8-00346-00105142-00105285 and he doesn't even speak about it,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00347-00105285-00105550 he doesn't have a desire for Shahadah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00348-00105553-00105772 مات على شعبة من النفاق
E4gQSNvpEY8-00349-00105808-00106065 he will die upon a branch of hypocrisy.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00350-00106225-00106696 he will die on a branch of hypocrisy.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00351-00106760-00107041 So the fact that we making Dua for Shahadah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00352-00107058-00107657 اللهم الرزقني شهادة في سبيلك واجعل موتي في بلد رسولك
E4gQSNvpEY8-00353-00107657-00107824 The Dua of Umar (رضي الله عنه) also,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00354-00107865-00108004 was a Dua for
E4gQSNvpEY8-00355-00108025-00108139 Shahadah.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00356-00108192-00108593 Another A'mal is to say, morning and evening 3 times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00357-00108619-00108926 أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00358-00108959-00109184 and the 3 Ayaat of Surah Hashr
E4gQSNvpEY8-00359-00109246-00109524 Allah (ﷻ) will deploy
E4gQSNvpEY8-00360-00109528-00109940 وكل الله تعالى سبعين ألف ملك يصلون عليه
E4gQSNvpEY8-00361-00110004-00110331 70 thousand Angels will be deployed,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00362-00110358-00110586 to seek forgiveness for you until the evening
E4gQSNvpEY8-00363-00110620-00110795 and whoever does it in the evening
E4gQSNvpEY8-00364-00110795-00110995 and likewise until the morning
E4gQSNvpEY8-00365-00111000-00111243 So the three Ayaat of Surah Hashr
E4gQSNvpEY8-00366-00111243-00111499 هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00367-00111513-00111724 عَٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00368-00111753-00111918 هُوَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00369-00111918-00112169 هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00370-00112192-00112678 المَلِكُ ٱلْقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْجَبَّارُ ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00371-00112697-00112918 سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00372-00112944-00113342 هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُ ٱلْبَارِئُ ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00373-00113358-00113611 يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00374-00113619-00113811 وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00375-00113840-00114100 So simple, so easy, we need to make
E4gQSNvpEY8-00376-00114123-00114300 A'mal on this. This Riwaayat is in
E4gQSNvpEY8-00377-00114311-00114596 Tirmidhi, Ahmed Darami, Tabrani etc.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00378-00114708-00115001 Then the Riwaayat of Ibn Abbaas (رضي الله عنه),
E4gQSNvpEY8-00379-00115001-00115228 that a person came to Nabi (ﷺ) and he said:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00380-00115228-00115523 "I've got a lot of Afaat and calamities,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00381-00115542-00115788 so Nabi (ﷺ) told him this
E4gQSNvpEY8-00382-00115820-00116011 narration is mentioned in
E4gQSNvpEY8-00383-00116011-00116211 (عمل اليوم والليلة) of Ibn Sunni,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00384-00116294-00116559 where Nabi (ﷺ) taught him the Dua.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00385-00116673-00116921 بسم الله على نفسي وأهلي ومالي
E4gQSNvpEY8-00386-00116984-00117192 Then the other longer narration:
E4gQSNvpEY8-00387-00117192-00117393 Hadhrat Ma'qal Bin Yasaar
E4gQSNvpEY8-00388-00117406-00117740 expressed his fears over five things;
E4gQSNvpEY8-00389-00117750-00117983 was deviating from صراط المستقيم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00390-00118004-00118164 was the fear of life
E4gQSNvpEY8-00391-00118216-00118416 harm and illness befalling him,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00392-00118416-00119038 then the children, whether Deeni or worldly harm, then wealth,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00393-00119261-00119476 so Nabi (ﷺ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00394-00119520-00119822 taught him this Dua here to read
E4gQSNvpEY8-00395-00119913-00121052 بسم الله على ديني ونفسي وأهلي وولدي ومالي
E4gQSNvpEY8-00396-00121285-00121827 So the Riwaayat comes a person who said this
E4gQSNvpEY8-00397-00121827-00122300 فقالهن الرجل  فذهبت عنه الآفات
E4gQSNvpEY8-00398-00122366-00122563 that whatever calamities that he had
E4gQSNvpEY8-00399-00122563-00122846 Allah (ﷻ) removed all those
E4gQSNvpEY8-00400-00122883-00123156 calamities from that person,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00401-00123265-00123451 likewise whoever reads
E4gQSNvpEY8-00402-00123531-00123651 حم
E4gQSNvpEY8-00403-00123760-00124058 the Ayaat إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00404-00124083-00124470 حم  تَنزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00405-00124494-00124868 غَافِرِ الذَّنبِ وَقَابِلِ التَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ الْعِقَابِ ذِي الطَّوْلِ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00406-00124891-00125234 لا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00407-00125280-00125588 and Ayatul Kursi, morning and evening
E4gQSNvpEY8-00408-00125627-00125926 حفظ بهما by the Barakah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00409-00125948-00126083 of reading this,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00410-00126083-00126401 he will be protected. Now a days we looking for protection,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00411-00126440-00126560 this is such an A'mal
E4gQSNvpEY8-00412-00126592-00126899 that a person will be protected
E4gQSNvpEY8-00413-00127020-00127333 and then the A'mal that was done previously, whoever says
E4gQSNvpEY8-00414-00127396-00127619 this is the Riwaayat of Samurah Ibn Jundub.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00415-00127664-00127811 I will narrate a narration which
E4gQSNvpEY8-00416-00127811-00128078 I heard from Nabi (ﷺ) many times
E4gQSNvpEY8-00417-00128097-00128335 and from Abu Bakr and from Umar
E4gQSNvpEY8-00418-00128352-00128576 many times multifold,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00419-00128705-00128932 that whoever says morning and evening
E4gQSNvpEY8-00420-00128932-00129259 ‏اللهم أنت خلقتني وأنت تهديني
E4gQSNvpEY8-00421-00129283-00129548 وأنت تطعمني وأنت تسقيني
E4gQSNvpEY8-00422-00129574-00129852 وأنت تميتني وأنت تحييني
E4gQSNvpEY8-00423-00129935-00130132 when we read these Kalimaat,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00424-00130283-00130532 in the morning and evening
E4gQSNvpEY8-00425-00130646-00130868 we should try to
E4gQSNvpEY8-00426-00130868-00131147 make a routine because this is a special
E4gQSNvpEY8-00427-00131206-00131547 Dua, a special A'mal
E4gQSNvpEY8-00428-00131598-00131857 which when a person does 7 times.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00429-00131904-00132260 morning and evening لم يسأل الله
E4gQSNvpEY8-00430-00132276-00132616 لم يسأل الله شيء إلا أعطاه إياه
E4gQSNvpEY8-00431-00132678-00133105 you become مستجاب الدعوات your Dua will become accepted.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00432-00133224-00133412 So he said: "I met Abdullah bin Salaam."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00433-00133412-00133576 so he said: "Should I tell you this Riwaayat
E4gQSNvpEY8-00434-00133576-00133737 which I heard from these seniors."
E4gQSNvpEY8-00435-00133800-00134206 So he said: هألاء كلمات these are the same words
E4gQSNvpEY8-00436-00134272-00134494 which Allah taught Moosa (عليه السلام)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00437-00134534-00134769 and he should say this
E4gQSNvpEY8-00438-00134801-00135096 7 times morning and evening and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00439-00135123-00135257 a person who sends this,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00440-00135273-00135582 his Duas will be accpeted this is a Riwaayat in Tirmidhi,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00441-00135614-00135832 Haakim, Tabrani,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00442-00135844-00136049 etc has mentioned this narration.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00443-00136070-00136336 So these are the A'maal of Nubuwwat.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00444-00136430-00136801 Let us make Dua to Allah (ﷻ) to give us Taufeeq.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00445-00136841-00137137 this brings us to the end of this series,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00446-00137168-00137390 only with Allah's permission.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00447-00137438-00137625 We ask Allah (ﷻ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00448-00137668-00138116 to accept whatever small effort was done
E4gQSNvpEY8-00449-00138145-00138388 and forgive us for whatever words
E4gQSNvpEY8-00450-00138420-00138670 that were said that were inappropriate.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00451-00138795-00139155 This is a small fragment of what we could put forward
E4gQSNvpEY8-00452-00139232-00139657 and it is not sufficient, it is a drop in the ocean,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00453-00139691-00139857 what the Ulama Haqq
E4gQSNvpEY8-00454-00139896-00140115 and the spiritual giants
E4gQSNvpEY8-00455-00140163-00140417 that are around us, in our midst,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00456-00140472-00140748 they are they Asal Ahal.(worthy)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00457-00140790-00141052 The people worthy to be called the people
E4gQSNvpEY8-00458-00141075-00141435 of knowledge, the people, the men of Allah, the men of Nubuwwat,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00459-00141457-00141824 the inheritors of Ambiyaa (عليه السلام).
E4gQSNvpEY8-00460-00141878-00142072 We should go to these Ulama
E4gQSNvpEY8-00461-00142136-00142529 and take our share from the inheritance of Nubuwwat.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00462-00142608-00142772 We are just, I am just
E4gQSNvpEY8-00463-00142841-00143217 a Librarian in a massive Library
E4gQSNvpEY8-00464-00143296-00143648 and these are the Libraries, our Akaabir,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00465-00143668-00144056 our Mashaaikh, our elders, our Ulama,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00466-00144094-00144400 are the libraries, let us go to them,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00467-00144400-00144600 spend time in their company
E4gQSNvpEY8-00468-00144638-00144835 and let us take benefit from them.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00469-00144886-00144977 Likewise
E4gQSNvpEY8-00470-00145038-00145332 our contaminated tongues were not worthy
E4gQSNvpEY8-00471-00145384-00145476 to utter
E4gQSNvpEY8-00472-00145553-00145841 these noble words of Nubuwwat.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00473-00145921-00146238 We are not (Ahl) worthy to mention
E4gQSNvpEY8-00474-00146275-00146696 one word of the light and the Noor
E4gQSNvpEY8-00475-00146744-00147065 of Nubuwwat, this is only through the Barakah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00476-00147216-00147529 of our Asaathitha and seniors
E4gQSNvpEY8-00477-00147564-00147976 and Mashaaikh and parents, and Saathis
E4gQSNvpEY8-00478-00148028-00148329 that have made Tawajju and made Dua
E4gQSNvpEY8-00479-00148387-00148577 that this has become possible.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00480-00148696-00148905 Like how there is a hooter in the car,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00481-00149003-00149232 it's completely insignificant,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00482-00149281-00149617 just at the time of Zaroorat and need it was utilised
E4gQSNvpEY8-00483-00149673-00149817 Allah (ﷻ)
E4gQSNvpEY8-00484-00149857-00150057 in His wisdom and Hikmah knows
E4gQSNvpEY8-00485-00150099-00150184 why
E4gQSNvpEY8-00486-00150256-00150600 He has made this happened and how it was possible.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00487-00150718-00151012 Whatever was said was primarily for the speaker,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00488-00151096-00151408 the speaker is speaking for himself
E4gQSNvpEY8-00489-00151460-00151660 and we are repeating a lesson
E4gQSNvpEY8-00490-00151718-00151921 that we are in need of ourselves.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00491-00151984-00152168 This is our greatest need,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00492-00152361-00152667 just by the way, one of the motivations
E4gQSNvpEY8-00493-00152771-00152918 of starting this series
E4gQSNvpEY8-00494-00153016-00153313 was when lockdown was implemented,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00495-00153393-00153513 we seen a dream.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00496-00153638-00153747 in that dream
E4gQSNvpEY8-00497-00153766-00154064 Nabi 99 was sitting infront of us
E4gQSNvpEY8-00498-00154324-00154483 crossed legged
E4gQSNvpEY8-00499-00154510-00154798 and his head was tilted down to the ground
E4gQSNvpEY8-00500-00154902-00155104 Hadhrat Abu 99
E4gQSNvpEY8-00501-00155134-00155494 was on my right, the Muhadith of this Ummah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00502-00155614-00155819 and he looked very grieved
E4gQSNvpEY8-00503-00155875-00156219 and stressed, and perplexed
E4gQSNvpEY8-00504-00156408-00156595 and he was running through
E4gQSNvpEY8-00505-00156668-00156844 different scenarios
E4gQSNvpEY8-00506-00156926-00157142 and different complexities
E4gQSNvpEY8-00507-00157288-00157667 and trying to brain storm for possible solutions
E4gQSNvpEY8-00508-00157827-00158310 as Hadhrat Abu Hurairah was speaking
E4gQSNvpEY8-00509-00158350-00158622 Nabi 99 sat calmly
E4gQSNvpEY8-00510-00158689-00158848 never said anything
E4gQSNvpEY8-00511-00158920-00159112 and listened attentively
E4gQSNvpEY8-00512-00159209-00159347 when he was done
E4gQSNvpEY8-00513-00159600-00160091 Nabi 99 addressed Hadhrat Abu Hurairah ii
E4gQSNvpEY8-00514-00160153-00160336 and said أوكما قال
E4gQSNvpEY8-00515-00160409-00160665 Oh Abu Hurairah ياأبا هريرة
E4gQSNvpEY8-00516-00160758-00161057 there is no need to search
E4gQSNvpEY8-00517-00161129-00161257 for any solution
E4gQSNvpEY8-00518-00161257-00161457 which you are looking for
E4gQSNvpEY8-00519-00161555-00161780 all the solutions
E4gQSNvpEY8-00520-00161873-00162209 every solution, to every problem
E4gQSNvpEY8-00521-00162302-00162494 is what I have brought
E4gQSNvpEY8-00522-00162528-00162729 and the conversation ended like that
E4gQSNvpEY8-00523-00162849-00163267 Ulama have intrepretated the dream to say that was when
E4gQSNvpEY8-00524-00163308-00163606 lockdown was implemented
E4gQSNvpEY8-00525-00163691-00163806 and the entire
E4gQSNvpEY8-00526-00163872-00164174 global structure had collapsed
E4gQSNvpEY8-00527-00164260-00164388 never in history
E4gQSNvpEY8-00528-00164480-00164787 was there ever an incident noted
E4gQSNvpEY8-00529-00164848-00165019 of such magnitude
E4gQSNvpEY8-00530-00165115-00165310 Hadhrat Abu Hurairah ii
E4gQSNvpEY8-00531-00165416-00165646 was distinct in the field of Hadith
E4gQSNvpEY8-00532-00165747-00165889 and to
E4gQSNvpEY8-00533-00165937-00166273 highlight the answer of Nabi ii
E4gQSNvpEY8-00534-00166352-00166670 he was the one who was looking for solutions
E4gQSNvpEY8-00535-00166760-00167054 and the solution that Nabi 99 gave
E4gQSNvpEY8-00536-00167102-00167348 was eluding to the narration
E4gQSNvpEY8-00537-00167422-00167800 أوكما قال: تركت فيكم أمرين
E4gQSNvpEY8-00538-00167819-00168206 I have left for you 2
E4gQSNvpEY8-00539-00168363-00168480 solutions
E4gQSNvpEY8-00540-00168531-00168942 كتاب الله وسنة نبِيِّهِ ﷺ
E4gQSNvpEY8-00541-00169168-00169537 the book and Allah and the Sunnah of
E4gQSNvpEY8-00542-00169569-00169860 Nabi
E4gQSNvpEY8-00543-00169936-00170240 other Riwaayat: ما إنعتصمتم به
E4gQSNvpEY8-00544-00170307-00170600 if you hold steadfast
E4gQSNvpEY8-00545-00170616-00170864 other Riwaayat إن أخذتم به
E4gQSNvpEY8-00546-00170913-00171132 If you grab onto it
E4gQSNvpEY8-00547-00171224-00171489 you will never go astray
E4gQSNvpEY8-00548-00171540-00171796 whatever problem you have
E4gQSNvpEY8-00549-00171832-00172076 you will find our solution
E4gQSNvpEY8-00550-00172227-00172531 In summary we have to mold our lives
E4gQSNvpEY8-00551-00172587-00172747 in every dimension
E4gQSNvpEY8-00552-00172804-00173324 to what Allah and His Rasool has taught us.
E4gQSNvpEY8-00553-00173513-00173782 Our life should circumbulate,
E4gQSNvpEY8-00554-00173824-00174099 rotate and
E4gQSNvpEY8-00555-00174188-00174510 our focus should be only in
E4gQSNvpEY8-00556-00174561-00174897 Quraan and in the life
E4gQSNvpEY8-00557-00174947-00175275 of Nabi ==
E4gQSNvpEY8-00558-00175316-00175670 we ask Allah to accept our efforts
E4gQSNvpEY8-00559-00175708-00175870 grant us Taufeeq
E4gQSNvpEY8-00560-00175929-00176052 to make A'mal
E4gQSNvpEY8-00561-00176124-00176347 and resurrect us
E4gQSNvpEY8-00562-00176382-00176571 on the Day of Qiyamah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00563-00176624-00176771 under His Arsh
E4gQSNvpEY8-00564-00176812-00176939 with Ambiyaa
E4gQSNvpEY8-00565-00176977-00177393 and Sahabah and enter us into Jannah
E4gQSNvpEY8-00566-00177420-00177556 without recogning
E4gQSNvpEY8-00567-00177590-00178201 و آخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين
E7jXAPtUWj0-00000-00000218-00000675 Hey there folks Gary Bradley here and in this video I'm going to show you three
E7jXAPtUWj0-00001-00000675-00001195 free scripts that work with color inside of illustrator and will definitely save
E7jXAPtUWj0-00002-00001195-00001639 you loads of time so an example i've got here the tree with the leaves on the
E7jXAPtUWj0-00003-00001639-00002065 only thing selectable are the lips they have one swatch apply to them so if i
E7jXAPtUWj0-00004-00002065-00002478 select one of them here you'll notice that in my swatches panel I have got a
E7jXAPtUWj0-00005-00002478-00002791 group in here with just two colors in and they're applied with what's called
E7jXAPtUWj0-00006-00002791-00003421 leaf new I've got a darker green as well but if I select all those leaves you
E7jXAPtUWj0-00007-00003421-00003786 might have seen in a previous video I showed you a script again of the free
E7jXAPtUWj0-00008-00003786-00004248 script that is called random swatch fill so as an example of that if I go to
E7jXAPtUWj0-00009-00004248-00004746 swatches panel and click on the group icon in there and which is only contains
E7jXAPtUWj0-00010-00004746-00005287 the very bright yellow and the blue in there when I go to file and then go down
E7jXAPtUWj0-00011-00005287-00005769 to scripts and if I choose from my list of installed scripts in here random
E7jXAPtUWj0-00012-00005769-00006394 swatch fill that's exactly what it'll do it will apply only those two colors the
E7jXAPtUWj0-00013-00006394-00006825 ones that were active into the swatches panel to whatever it has selected inside
E7jXAPtUWj0-00014-00006825-00007197 a document you apply that script there's no deviation to those colors it is just
E7jXAPtUWj0-00015-00007197-00007722 those two swatches which you know in some cases is great so I could obviously
E7jXAPtUWj0-00016-00007722-00008245 go to this folder here click on saturated pick all of the swatches go
E7jXAPtUWj0-00017-00008245-00008700 back to the file menu down to scripts and then again choose random swatch
E7jXAPtUWj0-00018-00008700-00009175 built and all of the colors that are induced that highlighted fall that I had
E7jXAPtUWj0-00019-00009175-00009595 acted before and then applied to the tree so it's great for getting specific
E7jXAPtUWj0-00020-00009595-00010042 colors applied but what if you want a little bit of variation maybe you want
E7jXAPtUWj0-00021-00010042-00010467 to vary the hues so this is where the script comes in and to reset them back
E7jXAPtUWj0-00022-00010467-00010899 to that pale green and then just for good measure I'm going to reselect them
E7jXAPtUWj0-00023-00010899-00011320 again and then in here well I'm going to go to the swatches panel click away so
E7jXAPtUWj0-00024-00011320-00011764 no swatches are active and then on the Mac or valid command key and the PCL
E7jXAPtUWj0-00025-00011764-00012243 down the control key I'm going to click on these two swatches here's a command
E7jXAPtUWj0-00026-00012243-00012685 or a control click on those two you have to have two swatches activities because
E7jXAPtUWj0-00027-00012685-00013171 it's going to take a look at these two it will apply these two colors but it'll
E7jXAPtUWj0-00028-00013171-00013594 also vary the color the hue in between those two
E7jXAPtUWj0-00029-00013594-00014044 so we're gonna get variations based upon those two colors by then go to file then
E7jXAPtUWj0-00030-00014044-00014779 go down to scripts they choose in here random hues sometimes it does do this
E7jXAPtUWj0-00031-00014779-00015331 throw up an error but you can just click OK to this there you go you have those
E7jXAPtUWj0-00032-00015331-00015811 two colors that was the light to the dark red it will apply those two but it
E7jXAPtUWj0-00033-00015811-00016243 will also give you variations in between the two one thing to look out for as you
E7jXAPtUWj0-00034-00016243-00016681 might find that just gives you one randomly uncolored item in this so you
E7jXAPtUWj0-00035-00016681-00016978 guys go back you could click on one of those swatches in there just to finish
E7jXAPtUWj0-00036-00016978-00017307 that off but it's the old little downside a fight sometimes that script
E7jXAPtUWj0-00037-00017307-00017812 just just leave one of them not record book and it's your two really great ways
E7jXAPtUWj0-00038-00017812-00018214 to be able to recolor lots of objects randomly now you will find that I've
E7jXAPtUWj0-00039-00018214-00018679 included in the show notes a link to all of these scripts in one zip file for you
E7jXAPtUWj0-00040-00018679-00019212 to download there's a last script I jumped to the first output is to create
E7jXAPtUWj0-00041-00019212-00019753 a legend of all of your swatches so if you want to pass on I'll get reference
E7jXAPtUWj0-00042-00019753-00020235 for colors using a project impossible to somebody else well if I go to my
E7jXAPtUWj0-00043-00020235-00020668 swatches panel and then choose to change my view to list mode in here you'll see
E7jXAPtUWj0-00044-00020668-00021034 that I now have all these swatches inside of here and then scroll now
E7jXAPtUWj0-00045-00021034-00021313 listen though you noticed that some of them have been named smooth just got
E7jXAPtUWj0-00046-00021313-00021798 random color values in there from what they were defined with but if I want to
E7jXAPtUWj0-00047-00021798-00022216 pass on those to a colleague or sworn on working with then what you do is with
E7jXAPtUWj0-00048-00022216-00022861 nothing selected go to the far menu go down to scripts and then choose
E7jXAPtUWj0-00049-00022861-00023569 render swatch legend there you go so you'll notice if I just zoom in a
E7jXAPtUWj0-00050-00023569-00023974 little bit in here where these swatches didn't have a name other than their
E7jXAPtUWj0-00051-00023974-00024376 color value you'll see that some of those properties are repeated in there
E7jXAPtUWj0-00052-00024376-00024820 but if I have for example names from these swatches but this one's down here
E7jXAPtUWj0-00053-00024820-00025348 they're blush deep burgundy it takes those names it gives you the RGB the
E7jXAPtUWj0-00054-00025348-00025813 CMYK and then the LAV fillers as well so it's a really great way to pluck out
E7jXAPtUWj0-00055-00025813-00026179 lots of colors from document and everything contacts the really nice
E7jXAPtUWj0-00056-00026179-00026577 thing about this as well is that if it's a dark color changes the text to a light
E7jXAPtUWj0-00057-00026577-00026980 white in there as well so always keeps the text legible so that's a really
E7jXAPtUWj0-00058-00026980-00027406 great way about to catalog all the swatches in your document three
E7jXAPtUWj0-00059-00027406-00027826 brilliant free scripts that you can use to recolor artwork or work with clothes
E7jXAPtUWj0-00060-00027826-00028276 out of Illustrator and save tons of them as always if you enjoy the video please
E7jXAPtUWj0-00061-00028276-00028582 give it a thumbs up if you're not a subscriber you want to save loads of
E7jXAPtUWj0-00062-00028582-00029020 time crack great artwork then click on subscribe and click on the bell will
E7jXAPtUWj0-00063-00029020-00029427 give you a notification every Friday when we drop a video on this channel and
E7jXAPtUWj0-00064-00029427-00029880 until next time folks farewell
E7jXAPtUWj0-00065-00030233-00030438 you
E7jXAPtUWj0-00066-00030952-00031158 you
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00000-00000006-00000767 President, The release last month of six innocent Yemeni
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00001-00000767-00001066 Bahá’ís from a Sana’a prison should have been a moment of relief.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00002-00001066-00001502 But it was coloured by injustice when the Houthi authorities made the release conditional
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00003-00001502-00001737 on the Bahá’ís leaving the country.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00004-00001737-00002107 The first of these six was jailed seven years ago and later sentenced to death.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00005-00002107-00002378 The five others were imprisoned in subsequent years.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00006-00002378-00002765 Some were severely tortured and all faced baseless and religiously motivated charges.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00007-00002765-00003052 Yemen is their home – they had no wish to leave.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00008-00003052-00003472 But the harsh treatment and dangerous environment created in Yemen for all Bahá’ís, where
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00009-00003472-00003897 senior Houthi figures have spread hate speech and called for the community to be destroyed,
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00010-00003897-00004122 meant that these six had no safe way to remain.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00011-00004122-00004598 Over 20 Bahá’ís are currently involved in a court case where they face baseless accusations
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00012-00004598-00004737 such as espionage.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00013-00004737-00005105 The death sentence against one of the released Bahá’ís has not been revoked – despite
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00014-00005105-00005472 the president of the Houthi Supreme Political Council pardoning him in March.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00015-00005472-00005906 During a recent hearing of this case, the other five Bahá’ís were also branded as
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00016-00005906-00006258 “fugitives” – despite being released by the Houthis themselves – and their bailors
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00017-00006258-00006603 were pressured to return them to Yemen to face their original charges.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00018-00006603-00006990 Bahá’ís are targeted more than any other group – they are a litmus test for human
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00019-00006990-00007177 rights in the country.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00020-00007177-00007509 The recognition of the rights of Bahá’ís to worship and practice their faith would
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00021-00007509-00007831 also then grant the same freedom to all the people of Yemen.
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00022-00007831-00008122 Esteemed experts, How can the Houthis release prisoners, force
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00023-00008122-00008411 them to leave the country, and then brand them as fugitives?
Eu8EwM0WFtg-00024-00008411-00009050 And how did they respond when pressed on this case of obvious religious persecution?
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00000-00000112-00000560 Hello and welcome to this introduction to coding video. In this video we're going
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00001-00000560-00001280 to look at what is coding. so let's have a look. First of all let's pass it back to you
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00002-00001280-00001880 and get you to think about what does the term coding, computer coding, or computer programming,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00003-00001880-00002440 make you think of? What sort of thing do you think of when you hear those words? Maybe it's something
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00004-00002440-00002912 you think of because of someone you know does it, maybe it's something you've had a go at before,had
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00005-00002912-00003415 look into, maybe it's something you've just seen on film or tv maybe you've seen some hackers or
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00006-00003415-00003968 something on some tv show. You might already have an image in your head or some kind of idea.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00007-00004136-00004536 So code. You might have something like this in your head, this kind of image, so what we've got here is
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00008-00004536-00005136 we've got a monitor with a black background we've got some lots of text which is in different colors
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00009-00005136-00005552 and it looks a bit kind of cryptic. There's some definitely some English words in there but some
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00010-00005552-00005936 of it doesn't quite make any sense. There's some weird initials, some punctuation, different colors,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00011-00005936-00006448 the different bits of text: it all looks a bit mysterious. And maybe that's what the sort of image
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00012-00006448-00006952 you had in your head, this sort of Matrix looking, mysterious load of text on a black background
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00013-00006952-00007376 and lots of people do and coding can look like this especially if you're a fan of dark mode
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00014-00007448-00007944 but coding can also look a bit like this one here. So what we've got here is quite an old screenshot
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00015-00007944-00008536 now from Scratch which is a block-based coding tool so instead of typing out the code like we
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00016-00008536-00009104 did we saw in this previous picture the previous example what we've got now is little bits of code
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00017-00009104-00009472 you can drag together and you can change things there, if you have a look you might be able to spot
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00018-00009472-00009896 you can perhaps change some of the numerical values or set particular sounds or things that
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00019-00009896-00010336 are going to happen but there's a set number of controls and you put them in a particular order
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00020-00010336-00010856 and kind of drop them together like blocks. And this allows you to control that little sprite you
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00021-00010856-00011376 can see on the screen that little penguin. This is also coding. This is a great way of learning coding
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00022-00011376-00012056 in fact because it allows you to focus on giving computers instructions rather than
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00023-00012056-00012824 focusing on knowing how to type everything. I've given you a hint there as to what coding might be.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00024-00012824-00013184 So basically what we're doing is telling a computer what to do,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00025-00013184-00013544 telling it where to move that sprite, telling it how to create a cool program to use,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00026-00013632-00014184 by giving it instructions. So we are telling a computer a series of things it needs to do.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00027-00014288-00014808 You might have also heard it being used, termed as computer programming: we're not going to
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00028-00014808-00015112 worry about the distinction between the terms here, we're just going to think of coding in general.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00029-00015304-00015688 And when we're thinking about coding what it can be useful to do if we want to kind of
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00030-00015688-00016296 look at it in a different way is to see how it's similar to a recipe. So, like a recipe the first
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00031-00016296-00016784 thing we need are some ingredients or some things to tell the computer about to make sure it can use.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00032-00016784-00017216 That might be some data we've got,  we've got files it wants to use, images, sounds,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00033-00017216-00017608 it might be what the screen needs to look like, whether it needs to be buttons, other things that
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00034-00017608-00018176 need to happen, so it needs to know about some stuff first before it can do anything with it.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00035-00018176-00018504 So you need to make sure the computer knows about all the ingredients, in the same way
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00036-00018504-00019056 you shouldn't start a recipe and suddenly realize you don't have any flour in. Then you need to give
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00037-00019056-00019560 it instructions, clear logical instructions just like in a recipe that you need to follow.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00038-00019688-00020088 These need to be in a particular order because the computer is not going to skip ahead just how in
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00039-00020088-00020440 a recipe you need to make sure you put things in the right order or it could go very wrong.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00040-00020592-00021160 And finally there might be some other stuff in there, things like conditions, so a chance to say
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00041-00021160-00021656 if this is the case, do something, or if that is the case, do something else. Now this is common
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00042-00021656-00022080 in recipes particularly things like you know if you've got a gas oven or a fan oven or electric
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00043-00022080-00022504 oven, you might use different temperatures and you can't use the wrong one or it's not going to work.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00044-00022560-00022936 Same with computers: it might be what kind of size of screen, does it have a touch screen?
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00045-00022936-00023280 And that's going to really impact what instructions you can get the computer to do.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00046-00023280-00023576 You can't say if the user touches the screen if there's no touch screen.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00047-00023832-00024336 So to give computers these instructions we write code in something called coding languages. You
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00048-00024336-00024832 might have heard these referenced before, they've got lots of different and weird names, and they are
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00049-00024832-00025360 ways of communicating with the computer to give it the instructions. Let's have a look at a few.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00050-00025360-00025783 Let's see what code might look like. We've already seen a couple of examples, let's see some more.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00051-00025936-00026327 So what we are looking at to do with this first example and with all the examples we're going
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00052-00026327-00026864 to see is put the phrase 'learn to code!' on the screen. So in this example we've got the word print
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00053-00026864-00027327 we've got some brackets and then we've got 'learn to code' inside those brackets. There's also some
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00054-00027327-00027792 quote marks to tell it that's the phrase we wanted to be printed. This is in a coding language called
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00055-00027792-00028264 Python and what we are doing is printing a phrase to the screen here. Python is a very
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00056-00028264-00028712 common coding language and as you can see from the fact it uses word print it does use a lot of
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00057-00028712-00029336 familiar words to tell you what to do but you need to know what those actually do themselves. Here's
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00058-00029336-00029848 quite a different looking example. We've got some P's inside some funny little pointy triangular
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00059-00029848-00030488 brackets and the phrase 'learn to code' inside them. This is HTML or hypertext markup language: the way
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00060-00030488-00031024 you write websites, the way you put the content on the websites, the structure. So this is telling
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00061-00031024-00031720 the computer here's a paragraph and it should say learn to code. Another example here we've got one
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00062-00031720-00032200 this is a coding language called Ruby so it looks a little bit different. It says puts at the start
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00063-00032200-00032680 and then the phrase 'learn to code' in quote marks. Again we've got that phrase marked out where it is
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00064-00032680-00033200 and we've got a word that we might not recognise in this context but is part of the coding language.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00065-00033376-00033800 Another example again that looks a bit similar to that Python one, it's got the word print but
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00066-00033800-00034408 also an 'ln' at the end, but still some brackets and also a weird little semicolon at the end. This one
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00067-00034408-00034840 is Processing, a coding language that's actually based off another coding language called Java
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00068-00034928-00035376 and it's used to create visualizations and art so it's a cool example to think about if you saw
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00069-00035376-00035808 in action, but in this example again it is just printing the words 'learn to code' so we can see it.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00070-00036000-00036624 And then we've got another example for the web here. This one is JavaScript, you might have
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00071-00036624-00037048 heard of it, you might've seen it on your web browser mentioned. It makes websites interactive and do
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00072-00037048-00037728 things. So this time it's going to show us, the creator of the thing, the phrase 'learn to code'
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00073-00037728-00038216 in the console which just gives us a chance to see something that's not on the web page basically,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00074-00038216-00038640 that's being logged for us to see and that thing we're going to see is the phrase 'learn to code'.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00075-00038760-00039392 And finally we've got a little block in Scratch that says say 'learn to code' and it makes the
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00076-00039392-00040056 little sprite, the little character, say in a speech bubble 'learn to code'. So all six of these examples
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00077-00040056-00040656 are basically doing the same thing, but they all look a bit different which is interesting. We'll
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00078-00040656-00041168 return to that in a moment. So programming languages are what we use to write the
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00079-00041168-00041720 instructions so the computer can understand them, so the computer knows what's going on.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00080-00041848-00042400 But actually, the computer doesn't understand the coding language. Computers only actually
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00081-00042400-00043096 understand binary, which is one or zero, on or off, so electrical currents essentially. So a coding
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00082-00043096-00043728 language as well as having a strict way of writing it, also needs a way of translating that
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00083-00043728-00044144 coding language into binary. Now these have been created so you don't have to learn binary which
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00084-00044144-00044616 is nice, but it does mean that when you start learning to code you're probably going to need to
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00085-00044616-00045160 download some kind of tool or find out using some instructions the way in which you run your code,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00086-00045160-00045632 running being the way that you make the computer follow the instructions, because just typing them
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00087-00045632-00046120 somewhere doesn't just work. You need to make sure it knows that it needs to translate it from that
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00088-00046120-00046688 particular coding language, say Python, into binary so the computer can follow those instructions.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00089-00046904-00047248 There might be a specific tool you tend to use, maybe it's called a compiler,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00090-00047248-00047648 it might be have a whole little environment where you can type the code and you can also run it.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00091-00047648-00047992 So often the first stage when you start learning to code is to get that set up.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00092-00048176-00048592 Now, as we've already seen, there are lots of different coding languages. We've seen
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00093-00048592-00049048 six, there are lots more. And that's because they're all suited to doing different things.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00094-00049048-00049400 Because they're like languages, some languages have words for things that don't exist in other
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00095-00049400-00049832 languages because like when you've got certain sort of spoken languages because
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00096-00049832-00050168 they aren't needed or they are needed that's the same for coding languages.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00097-00050168-00050520 So there's going to be certain things that you want to do in a certain coding language that makes
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00098-00050520-00050984 it very easy to do it because there's words for to do that. So if you wanted to write something in
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00099-00050984-00051400 a speech bubble, for example, there's one command in Scratch that will do it but in other coding
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00100-00051400-00051967 languages you'd have to create the speech bubble as well, that's not built in by default. So when you
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00101-00051967-00052376 if you're now inspired to go away and learn coding you might want to first think about
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00102-00052376-00052672 what you'd like to do and if therefore there's a good one to go and learn.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00103-00052855-00053408 So on that note let's finish up by thinking about why you might bother to learn to code. You've
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00104-00053408-00054000 watched this video so maybe you're interested in coding. Why should you have a go? Well, what it can
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00105-00054000-00054712 allow you to do is make computers do what you want. That's the sort of first and foremost point, that's
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00106-00054712-00055167 what we've been talking about in this video: making computers do what you want. So I'm sure you've had
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00107-00055167-00055648 experiences where computers have not done what you want - they often don't - and you've been very
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00108-00055648-00056296 frustrated. And what you can do with coding is tell it what to do, tell the computer what it should be
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00109-00056296-00056752 doing, and hopefully then if it starts not doing what you want, you can tweak it, you can go and
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00110-00056752-00057216 look why it's not doing it rather than not knowing where to start, not knowing how to make it do what
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00111-00057216-00057744 you're looking for. It can help you to solve problems that you might not have known another solution for,
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00112-00057744-00058176 useful things, how you can work with something in a different way maybe, because you can get
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00113-00058176-00058552 creative, you can have a go at thinking of the solution and telling the computer how to do it.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00114-00058712-00059096 It can also help you communicate all sorts of different things: you can make websites, you
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00115-00059096-00059416 can make games, you can make apps, you can make all sorts of things that can help you
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00116-00059416-00059896 communicate your ideas, your work, all sorts of stuff. Even if it is just creating a website that could
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00117-00059896-00060400 show you, but you've got control over that website and you can tweak things as you need.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00118-00060400-00060960 It could also be really good at automating repetitive tasks, boring things, because whilst you might get
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00119-00060960-00061400 bored or get repetitive strain injury from doing boring things, the computer won't. The computer
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00120-00061400-00061936 will keep doing it as long as you tell it to. So computers are really great for automating
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00121-00061936-00062464 things that you have to do on the computer that are repetitive. It can also allow you to analyze
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00122-00062464-00062896 data, there's lots of coding languages designed specifically for working with data, analysing
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00123-00062896-00063391 data, so those can be really handy if you want to work with data sets and do different things
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00124-00063391-00063728 and make it a lot easier because there's a lot of built-in commands that you can use.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00125-00063896-00064367 And it can also just allow you to be creative in all sorts of different ways, whether that's in a
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00126-00064367-00064800 really functional way, be creative so you can make something you can use, or whether it's just having
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00127-00064800-00065352 fun, making something cool, having a go, trying to make a game or a chatbot, all sorts of things that
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00128-00065352-00065896 you might want to try out. There's all sorts of things you might be able to do with coding. So
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00129-00065896-00066312 if that has given you some ideas about whether you'd like to have a go at coding, you'd like to
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00130-00066312-00066728 know a bit more about it, you'd like to actually try learning some, you might want to pick which
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00131-00066728-00067288 coding language to learn, we've got some resources on our coding practical guide that can help you.
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00132-00067288-00067840 So if you go to subjectguides.york.ac.uk/coding then you can have a look at these
Ew6tnt-NwOk-00133-00067840-00068376 materials and see what how much further you could go with coding. Thanks for listening!
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EDH4FiP8UAc-00000-00000699-00001287 so this song that I'm about to sing for
EDH4FiP8UAc-00001-00000930-00001515 you it's called a grown woman
EDH4FiP8UAc-00002-00001515-00001872 about what it's like to grow in a
EDH4FiP8UAc-00003-00001872-00002184 society that is misogynistic but also how to
EDH4FiP8UAc-00004-00002200-00002334 to reclaim our power as women
EDH4FiP8UAc-00005-00002340-00002652 celebrate being a woman
EDH4FiP8UAc-00006-00003954-00004302 a young girl read in a book
EDH4FiP8UAc-00007-00004326-00004660 all girls are weak stupid no good
EDH4FiP8UAc-00008-00004660-00004982 she tore all the pages and swore to be
EDH4FiP8UAc-00009-00004982-00005318 anything but, a grown woman
EDH4FiP8UAc-00010-00005318-00005718 by age thirteen her first blood came
EDH4FiP8UAc-00011-00005718-00006044 she hid her face and felt the shame
EDH4FiP8UAc-00012-00006044-00006340 I will be better, than any man
EDH4FiP8UAc-00013-00006340-00006720 I will never, bear children
EDH4FiP8UAc-00014-00006756-00007072 Artemis Venus Persephone Luna
EDH4FiP8UAc-00015-00007072-00007380 you are the healers of every age
EDH4FiP8UAc-00016-00007380-00007772 Demeter Athena Hestia and Latona
EDH4FiP8UAc-00017-00007772-00008176 help us celebrate life, at every stage
EDH4FiP8UAc-00018-00008912-00009244 but then came love passion and lust
EDH4FiP8UAc-00019-00009284-00009588 she wished they'd stayed but they always passed
EDH4FiP8UAc-00020-00009588-00009912 her heart got broken sanity lost
EDH4FiP8UAc-00021-00009912-00010332 she faced, her dark demons
EDH4FiP8UAc-00022-00010332-00010668 when she came back, from the other side
EDH4FiP8UAc-00023-00010668-00011036 she now could take life in her stride
EDH4FiP8UAc-00024-00011036-00011324 the journey taught her the skill to heal
EDH4FiP8UAc-00025-00011324-00011680 the wounds of others
EDH4FiP8UAc-00026-00011680-00012100 Artemis Venus Persephone Luna
EDH4FiP8UAc-00027-00012100-00012404 you are the healers of every age
EDH4FiP8UAc-00028-00012404-00012832 Demeter Athena Hestia and Latona
EDH4FiP8UAc-00029-00012832-00013240 help us celebrate life at every stage
EDH4FiP8UAc-00030-00013928-00014208 But then middle age came and reared its head
EDH4FiP8UAc-00031-00014208-00014544 no longer could she live with the lie she'd said
EDH4FiP8UAc-00032-00014544-00014896 she chose surrender to the higher fate
EDH4FiP8UAc-00033-00014896-00015263 and asked for forgiveness
EDH4FiP8UAc-00034-00015263-00015616 a new harvest came in her later years
EDH4FiP8UAc-00035-00015616-00015956 made of her memories, her joys her tears
EDH4FiP8UAc-00036-00015956-00016328 and she lived on proud to be
EDH4FiP8UAc-00037-00016328-00016748 nothing but a grown woman
EDH4FiP8UAc-00038-00016748-00017076 Artemis Venus Persephone Luna
EDH4FiP8UAc-00039-00017076-00017360 you are the healers of every age
EDH4FiP8UAc-00040-00017360-00017760 Demeter Athena Hestia and Latona
EDH4FiP8UAc-00041-00017760-00018200 help us celebrate life, at every stage
EDH4FiP8UAc-00042-00019168-00019623 let me know if anything resonates with
EDH4FiP8UAc-00043-00019624-00019970 you and leave a comment below I would
EDH4FiP8UAc-00044-00019972-00020256 love to hear from you!
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00000-00000800-00001000 I'm Bastien Bizon-Maroselli
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00001-00001050-00001430 I've been a beekeeper in the district of Afa...  ...for five years now as my main activity
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00002-00002000-00002200 here behind, are my beehives
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00003-00002300-00002600 There are six different types of...  ...Corsican AOC honey
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00004-00002800-00003200 There's spring honey,'maquis de printemps'... ...chestnut grove, maquis honey
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00005-00003400-00003729 Also, 'maquis d'été' and maquis de printemps...  ...with a touch of arbutus
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00006-00003750-00004250 Spring honey is harvested on the coastline and... ...has a dominance of asphodel and clementine
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00007-00004300-00004720 'Maquis de printemps' honey is harvested in... ...the same period of time but in altitude
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00008-00004750-00005220 It mainly tastes of white heather associated... ...with several other varieties of thickets...
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00009-00005250-00005700 ...such as broom or bramble, which nicely... ...aromatize this 'maquis de printemps' honey
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00010-00005950-00006500 For chestnut grove honey, the hives stay in the... ...chestnut grove when the chestnut trees are flowering
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00011-00006550-00007050 The bees therefore forage on the chestnut tree... ...flowers as well as on bramble and anthyllis flowers
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00012-00007300-00007700 Maquis honeydew is harvested in hot seasons
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00013-00007800-00008200 In the absence of flowers, bees forage on plant sap
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00014-00008300-00008700 This ultimately produces runny and... ...relatively viscous honey...
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00015-00008790-00009300 ...with a taste of sweetened condensed milk... ...and a nice malt-like finish
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00016-00009390-00009800 Then there's the 'maquis d'été' honey, mainly... ...made from anthyllis, with a touch of thyme
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00017-00009890-00010400 With anthyllis, the honey is very soft whereas... ...with thyme, it's slightly stronger, a bit rough
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00018-00010450-00010950 Then there is the 'maquis de printemps' honey (from... ...arbutus). Very bitter. Suitable for connoisseurs
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00019-00011000-00011500 It's all about a flowery landscape and honey... ...Bees forage for spring honey on the coastline
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00020-00011600-00012000 After that, we move the hives to the...  ...mountains where chestnut groves are located
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00021-00012100-00012500 We carry the hives in our own hands and... ...with the help of a trailer and a truck
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00022-00012550-00012800 We take them to the chestnut grove
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00023-00012830-00013200 After the flowering of the chestnut trees, we... ...harvest and bring them down to the honeydews
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00024-00013300-00013700 This takes place in the plains before taking... ...them back up on arbutus trees, in the mountains
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00025-00013750-00014100 This is maneuvered at night... ...when all the bees are in the hives
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00026-00014150-00014550 Once the hives are closed, we take...  ...them all to the target location
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00027-00014600-00015100 I obtained the AOP label by following...  ...relatively strict scope statements
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00028-00015300-00015800 They determine the origin of the honey and.. ...guarantee, the provenance of the products
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00029-00016200-00016800 This is Corsican honey, harvested and put... ...in jar in Corsica, by the beekeeper himself
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00030-00017000-00017500 We really insist on protecting our... ...products, production and expertise
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00031-00017550-00018100 It guarantees the high quality of this... ...purely raw honey
EFdbcyuTNoQ-00032-00018150-00018600 Obtaining the AOC was therefore essential
EFesrJ1EDI8-00000-00000000-00000200 Sloter Independent 
EHPw1AvP5VY-00000-00001010-00001090 Hey, everyone. This is Dr. Ruscio.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00001-00001091-00001387 Let’s talk about whether you need to be on thyroid hormone treatment.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00002-00001387-00001859 Now, we’ve done a couple of posts about this in the past, alluding to the fact that,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00003-00001859-00002625 in my opinion, hypothyroidism and the corresponding utilization of thyroid medications like Levothyroxine
EHPw1AvP5VY-00004-00002625-00002858 seem to be overused.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00005-00002858-00003440 This is especially an issue with well-intentioned but more progressive, integrative, and functional
EHPw1AvP5VY-00006-00003440-00003610 medicine providers.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00007-00003610-00004220 I think it’s a problem that needs attention called to it, and we all need to work a bit
EHPw1AvP5VY-00008-00004220-00004646 more concertedly to stop the overuse of thyroid medication.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00009-00004646-00004958 Now, I’d like to share with you a study that really found this.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00010-00004958-00005247 Here is what I think is the bottom line for people.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00011-00005247-00005577 If you’re not feeling well, you want to feel well.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00012-00005577-00006412 Thyroid hormone or potentially being hypothyroid brings with it a promise; get on medication
EHPw1AvP5VY-00013-00006412-00006572 and you will feel healthy again.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00014-00006572-00006831 That’s all fine and good, but what we don’t want to do, the thing that we’re trying
EHPw1AvP5VY-00015-00006831-00007335 to counterbalance against, is having people on thyroid hormone who don’t need to be
EHPw1AvP5VY-00016-00007335-00007435 on thyroid hormone.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00017-00007435-00007956 We don’t want to be giving lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to people that
EHPw1AvP5VY-00018-00007956-00008720 don’t need it because these people, most often, will not respond to the hormone, yet
EHPw1AvP5VY-00019-00008720-00009107 they continue to take a medication they do not need and I do see this.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00020-00009107-00009650 I see cases of patients who’ve been on thyroid hormone for five years and when I check the
EHPw1AvP5VY-00021-00009650-00010436 diagnosis, it seemed to be made very ambiguously and these patients are often able to come
EHPw1AvP5VY-00022-00010436-00010540 off thyroid hormone.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00023-00010540-00011082 Let me clarify, when we check the lab work to justifying the initial diagnosis they were
EHPw1AvP5VY-00024-00011082-00011325 not actually hypothyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00025-00011325-00011736 Now I’ve been calling attention to this, but I want to share with you a study, and
EHPw1AvP5VY-00026-00011736-00012279 I’ll put the abstract up on the screen, that actually documented the same exact thing
EHPw1AvP5VY-00027-00012279-00012613 that we’ve been discussing.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00028-00012613-00013325 A study entitled Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy and Overuse: A Timely Diagnostic Approach,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00029-00013325-00013738 meaning it seems that being hypothyroid is kind of en vogue right now that may be leading
EHPw1AvP5VY-00030-00013738-00013975 to overdiagnosis and treatment.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00031-00013975-00014241 Now let’s look what they did.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00032-00014241-00015130 They took 291 subjects with an average age of 48 years who are on Levothyroxine replacement
EHPw1AvP5VY-00033-00015130-00016044 therapy, who they felt did not have a solid diagnosis of hypothyroidism and then paused
EHPw1AvP5VY-00034-00016044-00016144 their treatments.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00035-00016144-00016392 They had them come off Levothyroxine.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00036-00016392-00017182 They tested at the start of this assessment, so right when someone went off thyroid medication
EHPw1AvP5VY-00037-00017182-00017593 they kind of did the baseline and then six to eight weeks later they tested again so
EHPw1AvP5VY-00038-00017593-00018052 they could see if their thyroid hormone levels tanked.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00039-00018052-00018662 Basically were they hypothyroid or did they actually maintain a normal level, meaning
EHPw1AvP5VY-00040-00018662-00018870 they actually weren’t hypothyroid?
EHPw1AvP5VY-00041-00018870-00019104 Let’s look at what happened.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00042-00019104-00019888 I should also mention they looked at a TSH value of over 4.5 as meaning someone was hypothyroid,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00043-00019888-00020184 which I think is absolutely justifiable.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00044-00020184-00020807 Now among this 291 individuals, 39% became hyperthyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00045-00020807-00020907 Okay, great.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00046-00020907-00021602 We would identify that, and now they go on medication, and they can do that in a confident manner.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00047-00021602-00022410 While 60% remained normal thyroid, normal, off of thyroid hormone medication.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00048-00022410-00022587 That is a big number.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00049-00022587-00022857 That is the majority.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00050-00022857-00023270 The groups were comparable in terms of their weight, so it wasn’t to say people who are
EHPw1AvP5VY-00051-00023270-00023571 heavier had more hypothyroidism.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00052-00023571-00024126 There was a similarity between that and also the duration of treatment, meaning people
EHPw1AvP5VY-00053-00024126-00024759 who had been on thyroid hormone for various lengths of time, that didn’t seem to dictate
EHPw1AvP5VY-00054-00024759-00024885 whether they became hypothyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00055-00024885-00025035 This is a common concern.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00056-00025035-00025313 I’ve been on this medication for five years.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00057-00025313-00025478 Will I be able to come off?
EHPw1AvP5VY-00058-00025478-00025954 From what this study has found it appears that your length of time on thyroid hormone
EHPw1AvP5VY-00059-00025954-00026533 prior does not dictate your future prognosis as to whether you will become hypothyroid
EHPw1AvP5VY-00060-00026533-00026708 or maintain a normal thyroid state.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00061-00026708-00026889 That’s encouraging news.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00062-00026889-00027449 The thyroid volume is also similar and the presence of autoantibodies, the presence of
EHPw1AvP5VY-00063-00027449-00027663 antibodies against the thyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00064-00027663-00028146 The presence of Hashimoto’s was similar between groups, so this also did not seem
EHPw1AvP5VY-00065-00028146-00028808 to be a major piece dictating whether someone was or was not hypothyroid, which also dovetails
EHPw1AvP5VY-00066-00028808-00029443 in with some of my criticisms of overutilization or over-extrapolation from thyroid antibody
EHPw1AvP5VY-00067-00029443-00029902 assessments, and I’ll see if I can find the links for some of these previous posts
EHPw1AvP5VY-00068-00029902-00030436 if you want to go deeper into how to know if your thyroid antibody levels are abnormal
EHPw1AvP5VY-00069-00030436-00030536 or normal.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00070-00030536-00030991 Again, in this case, your thyroid antibody status did not seem to dictate whether you
EHPw1AvP5VY-00071-00030991-00031249 will become hypothyroid or normal thyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00072-00031249-00031349 That’s good.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00073-00031349-00031752 Now there was one thing that was different between these groups.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00074-00031752-00032333 The group that had a poor ultrasound finding, or I should say it this way, poor ultrasound
EHPw1AvP5VY-00075-00032333-00032755 findings were more common in the group who became hypothyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00076-00032755-00033241 If you wanted to add an assessment to running this experiment with your doctor you could
EHPw1AvP5VY-00077-00033241-00034524 ask for a thyroid ultrasound, and if it is abnormal, meaning a decreased amount of echo,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00078-00034524-00034907 that usually means that the gland has become somewhat scarred.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00079-00034907-00035409 That’s something that you may want to use with your doctor, although you probably don’t
EHPw1AvP5VY-00080-00035409-00035941 need to, to be honest, you can just run the experiment and if you see at the end of six
EHPw1AvP5VY-00081-00035941-00036534 to eight weeks off of your thyroid hormone your TSH levels go above 4.5, then you’ve
EHPw1AvP5VY-00082-00036534-00036988 affirmed that you likely have a thyroid issue and should go back on medication.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00083-00036988-00037216 Their conclusion, and I think it’s an important one.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00084-00037216-00037769 “These findings suggest considerable overuse of thyroxine therapy, Levothyroxine.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00085-00037769-00038493 Our results highlight the need, before treatment initiation, to firmly establish the diagnosis
EHPw1AvP5VY-00086-00038493-00039213 to undertake periodic evaluation of all patients on chronic LT4 treatment to determine if treatment
EHPw1AvP5VY-00087-00039213-00039313 continuation is necessary.”
EHPw1AvP5VY-00088-00039313-00039809 Essentially we need to be more careful when making the diagnosis and before we put people
EHPw1AvP5VY-00089-00039809-00040050 on lifelong Levothyroxine therapy.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00090-00040050-00040659 Continuing, “…and all patients on long-term Levothyroxine therapy in whom the diagnosis
EHPw1AvP5VY-00091-00040659-00041361 had not been definitively established, it appears rational to introduce a six to eight
EHPw1AvP5VY-00092-00041361-00042138 week period of discontinuing the Levothyroxine preceded by a TSH test.”
EHPw1AvP5VY-00093-00042138-00042858 Again, the good somewhat simple news here is that you can, if you want to test this,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00094-00042858-00043406 and again, do this with your doctor’s supervision, of course, perform a baseline test, perform
EHPw1AvP5VY-00095-00043406-00043996 another TSH test, and I would pair that with T4 also, but perform another test six to eight
EHPw1AvP5VY-00096-00043996-00044096 weeks later.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00097-00044096-00044815 If you see your TSH go above 4.5 then this firms up the diagnosis of hypothyroid.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00098-00044815-00045474 If you don’t see your TSH go above 4.5 then the likelihood of hypothyroid is very small.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00099-00045474-00045771 Now, what if you have symptoms and you just want to feel better?
EHPw1AvP5VY-00100-00045771-00046184 Because I understand the ploy of, “oh, I’ll do anything to feel better.”
EHPw1AvP5VY-00101-00046184-00046643 Well, it doesn’t mean that taking thyroid hormone when you don’t need it is going
EHPw1AvP5VY-00102-00046643-00046831 to solve your problems.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00103-00046831-00047374 I would suggest a number of things, and I know this may sound kind of moot, but make
EHPw1AvP5VY-00104-00047374-00047962 sure you’re eating the right diet for you, especially a diet that’s healthy for your gut.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00105-00047962-00048543 Gut inflammation in my experience is one of the most commonly overlooked causes of symptoms
EHPw1AvP5VY-00106-00048543-00048941 that look like a thyroid problem, and this is why we’ve documented a number of case
EHPw1AvP5VY-00107-00048941-00049291 studies in our weekly newsletter of people who were able to decrease or come off thyroid
EHPw1AvP5VY-00108-00049291-00049712 medication once they improved the health of their gut.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00109-00049712-00050377 One thing, not the only thing, but one thing that may lead to this overutilization of thyroid
EHPw1AvP5VY-00110-00050377-00050677 hormone could be missing the fact that there’s a problem in the gut.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00111-00050677-00051044 That problem in the gut is what’s causing the symptoms, and if you can address that
EHPw1AvP5VY-00112-00051044-00051464 your symptoms go away, and then thankfully you don’t need to be on thyroid hormone
EHPw1AvP5VY-00113-00051464-00051609 for the rest of your life.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00114-00051609-00051947 Remember, there is a time and a place for thyroid hormone utilization.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00115-00051947-00052779 But as I’ve been saying, and now as research literature is definitively helping to substantiate,
EHPw1AvP5VY-00116-00052779-00053677 overuse of both thyroid hormone and the overdiagnosis of hypothyroid is becoming a documentable
EHPw1AvP5VY-00117-00053677-00053786 and serious problem.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00118-00053786-00054469 In this case, 60% of patients who did not have a firm diagnosis of hypothyroidism were
EHPw1AvP5VY-00119-00054469-00055102 actually able to come off medication and be totally fine and maintain normal thyroid status.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00120-00055102-00055550 This is definitely something worth double checking if you’re on thyroid medication.
EHPw1AvP5VY-00121-00055550-00055936 This is Dr. Ruscio and I hope this information helps you get healthy and get back to your life. Thanks.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00000-00001359-00001459 >> Hello.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00001-00001459-00001559 Bruce is far, far too modest.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00002-00001559-00001711 He failed to mention that he was my dance partner, and he's an amazing, amazing dancer.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00003-00001711-00001811 I love him for that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00004-00001811-00002191 So I am here to talk about the physical Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00005-00002191-00002365 But this is going to be a little bit more of a change.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00006-00002365-00002677 A little bit more of a personal conversation because I want to talk a little bit about
EJ72eMVqiS4-00007-00002677-00003016 the journey about what I've discovered along this process.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00008-00003016-00003150 First, I have to ask.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00009-00003150-00003373 Just how many people here know about what the physical Web is.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00010-00003373-00003597 Can I just see a go show of hands?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00011-00003597-00003893 Because I don't think that many people of you know what it is, so I'm happy to talk
EJ72eMVqiS4-00012-00003893-00004090 more about that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00013-00004090-00004503 The one thing I will tell you is that the physical Web is shipping right now, and it's
EJ72eMVqiS4-00014-00004503-00004623 available to you right now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00015-00004623-00005014 This beacon has been here the whole conference and has been broadcasting the agenda for this
EJ72eMVqiS4-00016-00005014-00005132 conference.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00017-00005132-00005645 If you have an Android phone, and you have Bluetooth turned on, and you've got data,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00018-00005645-00005905 you can see the various beacons that are in the room.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00019-00005905-00006134 And, by the way, is Tim Perry here?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00020-00006134-00006234 Tim?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00021-00006234-00006412 He's not here today?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00022-00006412-00006800 He was broadcasting the URL as well.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00023-00006800-00007279 And you can actually see the URLs that are being in the air around you and pull it down.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00024-00007279-00007795 If you happen to have an iPhone, that's okay.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00025-00007795-00008119 You can also just have Chrome, and it's not quite as easy.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00026-00008119-00008346 Android, it's built into the operating system.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00027-00008346-00009039 For Chrome on iOS, you basically just turn on in the widget the Chrome widget.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00028-00009039-00009139 It's a few steps.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00029-00009139-00009247 It's not the easiest thing to do.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00030-00009247-00010000 It's not as easy as Android, but you can also see these URLs in Chrome as well on iOS.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00031-00010000-00010496 So I've been speaking about this for about four years now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00032-00010496-00010961 Both initially at Google, I left Google for a couple of years, and then I came back.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00033-00010961-00011662 And this is a list of the few of the conferences I've spoken at over the last four years, and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00034-00011662-00011845 it feels like a long time.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00035-00011845-00012313 Someone once said the physical Web is Scott Jenson's personal quest.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00036-00012313-00012424 And I feel like that sometimes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00037-00012424-00012847 And I feel like I've learned so much in the process, it has been so interesting.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00038-00012847-00013488 But too often people don't really appreciate what it takes to bring an idea to a product.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00039-00013488-00013878 They often think that you have an idea, sit down, and you can for a little while, and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00040-00013878-00014103 then you just ship it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00041-00014103-00014454 And actually the process looks a little bit more like this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00042-00014454-00014818 And this idea of how long it takes and how it works, and what you have to do to kind
EJ72eMVqiS4-00043-00014818-00015159 of get it and honestly for the physical Web, we're somewhere in the middle.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00044-00015159-00015361 I think we've got it shipping in Chrome.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00045-00015361-00015743 We've got it in Android, we've got it in iOS, Opera has got it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00046-00015743-00016056 So it's an interesting state that is kind of getting started, but it has a little ways
EJ72eMVqiS4-00047-00016056-00016156 to go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00048-00016156-00016773 But more than anything else, this whole process has just taught me just how amazing the Web
EJ72eMVqiS4-00049-00016773-00017148 is and what has given back to the physical Web project.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00050-00017148-00017957 So the subtitle of this talk is really how I stopped worrying and loved the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00051-00017957-00018400 Because the Web has added so much to the physical Web, it makes us look better than actually
EJ72eMVqiS4-00052-00018400-00018559 I think we originally started to be.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00053-00018559-00018815 So let's take this talk in three parts.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00054-00018815-00018915 Part one.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00055-00018915-00019015 What is the physical Web?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00056-00019015-00019334 I think I'll take a few minutes explaining what it is.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00057-00019334-00019437 Part two.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00058-00019437-00019561 What did we learn?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00059-00019561-00019906 How did it kind of influence what we learned about the Web in general?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00060-00019906-00020037 And part three, where can we go?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00061-00020037-00020150 What can we do with this technology?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00062-00020150-00020390 First, what is the physical Web?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00063-00020390-00020698 We've all seen these smart devices that are coming out now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00064-00020698-00021181 There's smart TVs, there's smart vending machines, even smart bus stops.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00065-00021181-00021704 And the problem is every single one of these devices requires their own application.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00066-00021704-00022123 Even this conference has its own application at a Web conference.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00067-00022123-00022223 Sorry.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00068-00022223-00022479 I can't help but tease the guys a little bit about that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00069-00022479-00022979 But if we were to, like, believe in Moore's law at all and there's going to be even more
EJ72eMVqiS4-00070-00022979-00023470 of these devices, what's going to happen in six months when we basically have a few more
EJ72eMVqiS4-00071-00023470-00023570 devices?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00072-00023570-00023995 A stadium or an airport or a train or a little bit longer.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00073-00023995-00024323 Are we really going to be installing an app for every single device that we go out and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00074-00024323-00024423 talk to?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00075-00024423-00024629 It just can't possibly scale.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00076-00024629-00024985 Well, we actually have a technology at our disposal.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00077-00024985-00025534 The superpower of the Web is interaction on demand with a single tap.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00078-00025534-00025963 It can be anywhere within seconds.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00079-00025963-00026252 That kind of seems useful in this situation.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00080-00026252-00026406 So how do we do that?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00081-00026406-00026933 Because over the last 25 years, the Web has made amazing strides and so many neat technologies
EJ72eMVqiS4-00082-00026933-00027072 like Web VR is there.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00083-00027072-00027529 But all the magic goes in this little white DOM box.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00084-00027529-00027886 We've hardly ever really touched this area on top.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00085-00027886-00028064 You know, the URL bar.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00086-00028064-00028397 Now, really there's only two ways that you can leave a Web page.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00087-00028397-00028768 Either by clicking on a link or by typing something at the top.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00088-00028768-00029272 We've taken the most amazing rendering engine on the planet, and we've strapped a god.com
EJ72eMVqiS4-00089-00029272-00029568 dos prom on top of it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00090-00029568-00030359 It's about time that the Web became mobile like the phone it is in.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00091-00030359-00030897 We in effect we are living in this lovely island where we can go from room to room with
EJ72eMVqiS4-00092-00030897-00031344 a click and we don't ever really escape out of it into the rest of the world and that's
EJ72eMVqiS4-00093-00031344-00031545 the whole point of the physical Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00094-00031545-00032014 How do we have a discovery service for the Web so that I can walk up to something and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00095-00032014-00032336 get its URL without having to fiddle aren't with it too much?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00096-00032336-00032772 So the intention here is let's say I walk into a space where these devices are broadcasting
EJ72eMVqiS4-00097-00032772-00032878 their URL.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00098-00032878-00033250 I'm in there, and I want to be able to discover what is around them, but I don't want to just
EJ72eMVqiS4-00099-00033250-00033709 see the URL, I want to basically fetch and get some information about them and rank them
EJ72eMVqiS4-00100-00033709-00034102 so that I can get a list that says, oh, here's a vending machine and here's a bus stop.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00101-00034102-00034451 And then if I pick one, then it just takes me to the website.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00102-00034451-00034794 I kind of get in and out very quickly.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00103-00034794-00034919 So let me show you how this works.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00104-00034919-00035309 Here's a parking meter demo that I built where I'm pulling down the notification manager.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00105-00035309-00035554 I can see the URL being broadcast.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00106-00035554-00035849 I pick it, and now the physical Web is done.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00107-00035849-00036196 We're on a website now, and all you're seeing is Web sockets.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00108-00036196-00036367 It sent out a WebSocket event.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00109-00036367-00036916 I go up, up, I hit pay, and then it starts countdown.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00110-00036916-00037430 Whenever I show in San Francisco, people cry a little bit because we have smart parking
EJ72eMVqiS4-00111-00037430-00037728 meters and nobody uses them because the app is so irritating.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00112-00037728-00037894 But that's all it really is.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00113-00037894-00038069 I'll admit, I cheated a little bit.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00114-00038069-00038515 I assumed I had already gone through it once before and signed up in a payment system.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00115-00038515-00038756 Even then, it would be, like, what do you want to use.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00116-00038756-00038856 People ask.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00117-00038856-00038968 What's the payment system?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00118-00038968-00039068 I don't know.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00119-00039068-00039168 It's the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00120-00039168-00039333 Pick whichever one you want.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00121-00039333-00039455 That's the whole thing about the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00122-00039455-00039768 Pick something and from then on, it's really usable.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00123-00039768-00040252 The idea of the physical Web is to bridge the Web in physical devices.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00124-00040252-00040674 So I would walk up to the payment meter, it broadcasts, I see it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00125-00040674-00040931 But there's a couple of critical things to say about it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00126-00040931-00041158 For all it's open like the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00127-00041158-00041413 I'm not trying to sell you a Google product.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00128-00041413-00041949 This is like Web sockets or React or any other type of open Web service.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00129-00041949-00042230 It's meant to be used by any company.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00130-00042230-00042408 It's also just a Web page.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00131-00042408-00042950 Too often we think of a Web page as being Coke.com, and you see the whole experience
EJ72eMVqiS4-00132-00042950-00043052 in front of you.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00133-00043052-00043450 As opposed to every single vending machine that you walk up to.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00134-00043450-00043843 It flips the whole thing on its head because every individual device could have its own
EJ72eMVqiS4-00135-00043843-00044009 unique Web page.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00136-00044009-00044266 And it's meant to be a walk up and use kind of thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00137-00044266-00044691 If I'm at a park and there's a famous statue that's there, and I want to learn more about
EJ72eMVqiS4-00138-00044691-00044883 it, I don't want to download the app.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00139-00044883-00045306 I just want to go more information about that particular thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00140-00045306-00045461 Here's the most important thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00141-00045461-00045671 This cannot be an interrupt thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00142-00045671-00045985 This can't vibrate in my pocket.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00143-00045985-00046368 Because it will be the most amazing spam vector in the planet; right?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00144-00046368-00046844 If I can walk into a mall and my phone would dance out of my pocket.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00145-00046844-00047240 Anybody who remembers Bluetooth messaging in the '90s.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00146-00047240-00047356 It would be like that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00147-00047356-00047456 We could not do that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00148-00047456-00047686 So this has got to be a user-driven thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00149-00047686-00048325 We have to respect the user's attention span and only do it when they ask to see it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00150-00048325-00048453 So how does this work?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00151-00048453-00048752 The intention is that that parking meter has a little beacon, and this is broadcasting
EJ72eMVqiS4-00152-00048752-00048908 a URL.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00153-00048908-00049212 If you know Bluetooth low energy, it's called the advertising packet.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00154-00049212-00049741 It's a small packet, and it sends out a packet with the URL inside of it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00155-00049741-00049908 And that's really important.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00156-00049908-00050246 We don't use ID that requires a Google server.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00157-00050246-00050469 It's just a URL.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00158-00050469-00050878 That means any scanner can see that and take you to that Web page.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00159-00050878-00051390 By definition, this is not going through any company specific server.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00160-00051390-00051676 The phone comes by and sees it and goes, hey, do you want to see it?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00161-00051676-00051903 And shows it to you.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00162-00051903-00052354 So the simplicity of this is meant to be quite, quite -- you know, there's not much to this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00163-00052354-00052804 You have a device that's broadcasting the URL that takes you to the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00164-00052804-00053148 But I always get two questions, so I might as well answering them right now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00165-00053148-00053560 The first one is isn't it just QR codes?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00166-00053560-00053691 Well, yes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00167-00053691-00053791 Technically.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00168-00053791-00054132 But QR codes kind of suck.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00169-00054132-00054537 And I kind of describe this as saying we're like QR codes, but we're awesome.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00170-00054537-00054779 There's a big difference to it because we've seen QR codes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00171-00054779-00054985 They've been tried for many, many years.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00172-00054985-00055102 We've seen them in malls.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00173-00055102-00055313 Have you guys seen the tumbler?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00174-00055313-00055617 There's a tumbler page of pictures of people scanning QR codes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00175-00055617-00055948 Have you seen this one?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00176-00055948-00056676 Now, to be fair, the QR codes have been successful in some countries, but they tend to be on
EJ72eMVqiS4-00177-00056676-00057084 things like receipts and posters, and they're very, very limited and revery simplicity use
EJ72eMVqiS4-00178-00057084-00057184 cases.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00179-00057184-00057557 So it's not like they're by any means of failure, but they're very, very narrow.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00180-00057557-00057991 And it's so much easier to imagine a room with multiple things in it and how could I
EJ72eMVqiS4-00181-00057991-00058260 see what's available and can I just see them invade to me?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00182-00058260-00058447 Or what about something that's far away?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00183-00058447-00058862 Do I really want to go really, really far away and go over and try to scan it when I
EJ72eMVqiS4-00184-00058862-00059047 also want to pull it down?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00185-00059047-00059387 And, by the way, no one's putting QR codes on their products.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00186-00059387-00059592 That will never, ever happen.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00187-00059592-00059711 I can promise you that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00188-00059711-00060094 So it's also a matter of making things look a little bit nicer as well.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00189-00060094-00060403 So the second question I get a lot is isn't this going to be spam?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00190-00060403-00060744 I think there's two aspects of that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00191-00060744-00060995 One is the fact that it could be dangerously spammy.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00192-00060995-00061370 Like fishing and so forth, and the other one is lots and lots of things.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00193-00061370-00061686 The first one is, yes, I think there is a little bit of a risk.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00194-00061686-00061929 But it's inherit within the Web itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00195-00061929-00062252 The browser will already protect you to a certain extent.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00196-00062252-00062711 But just to be safe the scanner that we wrote actually has a proxy.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00197-00062711-00063094 Takes all the URLs, puts them through a spam filter to try to filter out some of the worst
EJ72eMVqiS4-00198-00063094-00063194 offenders.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00199-00063194-00063612 This Opera browser does the same thing, but it uses their own scanner; right?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00200-00063612-00064034 It's a feature of that particular one that can be implemented by different people.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00201-00064034-00064445 As far as being able to handle lots and lots of devices, that's going to be a really great
EJ72eMVqiS4-00202-00064445-00064988 problem to have, and I expect it over time we're going to have this kind of UX evolution.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00203-00064988-00065295 Initially it will show you what we find and then we'll start to rank them based on distance.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00204-00065295-00065618 And then we can rank them based on your preferences.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00205-00065618-00065812 We can even start to group into folders.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00206-00065812-00066314 So there's a lot we can do as this grows to handle more and more items.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00207-00066314-00066651 So that was just my quick ten-minute overview of the physical Web just to give you a rough
EJ72eMVqiS4-00208-00066651-00066751 idea of what it was like.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00209-00066751-00067398 Now I want to talk about what we learned because honestly, we started off with kind of a simplistic
EJ72eMVqiS4-00210-00067398-00067498 idea.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00211-00067498-00067711 We're just going to find URLs and show them to people.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00212-00067711-00068270 And in the process, I got a much deeper appreciation of kind of how awesome the Web is.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00213-00068270-00068784 So the fact when we use a URL, I want to talk about what we learned about URLs, and the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00214-00068784-00069018 second is talk about the Web itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00215-00069018-00069243 So URLs.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00216-00069243-00069762 The actual advertising packet for Bluetooth low energy is currently 31 bytes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00217-00069762-00069895 That's fairly small.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00218-00069895-00070364 Bluetooth 5, which has been ratified this month, in fact, will be shipping this year
EJ72eMVqiS4-00219-00070364-00070575 will actually be significantly longer.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00220-00070575-00070801 But right now, it's only 31 bytes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00221-00070801-00071310 And if you actually take a look at what you can put into the actual frame, it's 20 bytes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00222-00071310-00071695 And actually includes a couple of, you know, header bytes in there.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00223-00071695-00072104 Really what you can fit is 18 bytes.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00224-00072104-00072851 So things like HTTPS://www.can be compressed into a single byte.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00225-00072851-00073504 A lot of the demos I'm going to show you today are on PW.org, so you can fit a lot in there.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00226-00073504-00073758 But most people have to use a URL shortener.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00227-00073758-00074908 Whenever I tell people  I have to use a URL shortener, I get this
EJ72eMVqiS4-00228-00074908-00075008 reaction.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00229-00075008-00075108 Really?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00230-00075108-00075208 Get the hell out -- no, it's actually not that bad.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00231-00075208-00075439 In fact, I was initially frustrated with the fact that I had to use a URL shortener because
EJ72eMVqiS4-00232-00075439-00075539 I didn't want to do it either.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00233-00075539-00075737 I wanted to put in my website.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00234-00075737-00076124 But it turns out that URL short shorteners are really awesome in a way that I didn't
EJ72eMVqiS4-00235-00076124-00076418 ecstasy.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00236-00076418-00076874 If you have a URL redirector -- the shortener is one thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00237-00076874-00077105 But then it redirects.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00238-00077105-00077309 You can change that dynamically.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00239-00077309-00077765 So there were companies that immediately jumped on this and created a timing system.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00240-00077765-00077955 So in the morning it would go in one place.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00241-00077955-00078209 At noon another, and in the evening, it would change.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00242-00078209-00078537 So you could actually have a timing, and it could dynamically go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00243-00078537-00078688 I had never expected that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00244-00078688-00078832 Kind of cool.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00245-00078832-00079516 So, in fact, when people using URL shortener, I recommend they use one like tiny.CC because
EJ72eMVqiS4-00246-00079516-00079875 it lets you change it after the fact.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00247-00079875-00080323 GL is fixed, and we're actually working on that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00248-00080323-00080792 But the other thing that we also hadn't counted on is if the URL goes into nowhere, 404s into
EJ72eMVqiS4-00249-00080792-00080984 nowhere, we don't show it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00250-00080984-00081631 So this company was cleaver enough to 404, and it turns the beacon off.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00251-00081631-00082070 So you can have this beacon broadcasting if you want to and nobody can see it because
EJ72eMVqiS4-00252-00082070-00082390 it 404s and then when they want to turn it on, they flip a switch.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00253-00082390-00082865 And they effectively put beacon management in the cloud.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00254-00082865-00083764 The company that started this is bkon, and they say compared to I beacon is about textbook
EJ72eMVqiS4-00255-00083764-00084197 ten times cheaper because you don't have to fiddle with beacons in specific locations.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00256-00084197-00084666 You just ship people a box and then after they're up, you can redirect where you want
EJ72eMVqiS4-00257-00084666-00084766 them to go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00258-00084766-00085926 The other one was this company called Ruuvio and what they do is have a URL that encapsulates
EJ72eMVqiS4-00259-00085926-00086334 the sensor data itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00260-00086334-00086769 So when you hit that Web page, it takes that off and then tells you the temperature and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00261-00086769-00086999 the pressure and the speed and so forth.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00262-00086999-00087473 So the URL becomes a carrier of dynamic information.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00263-00087473-00087892 Even though every beacon takes you to the same domain what you see every time you use
EJ72eMVqiS4-00264-00087892-00088041 it is unique.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00265-00088041-00088257 Very clever.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00266-00088257-00088833 And the final one is the fact that, again, Bkon and another open source project called
EJ72eMVqiS4-00267-00088833-00089720 Uri.io takes a time code at the end of the URL and when you redirect it, they wrote their
EJ72eMVqiS4-00268-00089720-00090245 own redirector as well, and they can validate that it was actually the correct URL at the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00269-00090245-00090385 correct time.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00270-00090385-00090579 So they can do things like coupons and so forth.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00271-00090579-00090822 Which have a time limited aspect to it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00272-00090822-00091290 So I've always been really surprised at how much value -- and this is just how the Web
EJ72eMVqiS4-00273-00091290-00091390 works.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00274-00091390-00091595 URLs is this universal thing that can be changed.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00275-00091595-00091717 So it's URL?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00276-00091717-00091817 Cool.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00277-00091817-00092186 Changes things a little bit more.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00278-00092186-00092672 The second point was about the Web itself, and we started three years ago in Google,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00279-00092672-00092954 and it's been shipping now in Android the last couple of months.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00280-00092954-00093487 But the Web itself has gotten so much better, and it just keeps making us look really good,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00281-00093487-00093857 and it makes that saying no one fails who bets on the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00282-00093857-00093988 I'm beginning to feel that way.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00283-00093988-00094154 Take a look at this restaurant buzzer example.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00284-00094154-00094393 In this case pull the physical Web down.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00285-00094393-00094582 You can see Bob's deli right here.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00286-00094582-00094682 Click on it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00287-00094682-00094782 Web is done.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00288-00094782-00094882 We're just going to the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00289-00094882-00095280 Now going to a website that's registering for push notifications.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00290-00095280-00095563 Eight people in front, get in line.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00291-00095563-00095801 You've now subscribed to a push notification.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00292-00095801-00096026 In this case you've opted in.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00293-00096026-00096511 Now your phone will vibrate in your pocket because you've asked for it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00294-00096511-00097074 And it's your turn, and you can go in -- so you know those restaurants that have disks
EJ72eMVqiS4-00295-00097074-00097197 that vibrate with LEDs?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00296-00097197-00097664 Well, you can just replace it with a $5 beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00297-00097664-00097863 So it's an interesting way of thinking about it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00298-00097863-00097972 We didn't do a dam thing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00299-00097972-00098157 The Web just got awesome.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00300-00098157-00098669 Here is a remote control Bluetooth toy called Olly.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00301-00098669-00099152 And in this case we're going to broadcast a URL to a Web page and then when we connect
EJ72eMVqiS4-00302-00099152-00099500 to it, we're going to use JavaScript Bluetooth.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00303-00099500-00100167 Web Bluetooth and connect directly to the device and control it with the Web using JavaScript.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00304-00100167-00100526 So it says, yes, this is debugging command we're going to get rid of so we don't have
EJ72eMVqiS4-00305-00100526-00100679 to do in the future.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00306-00100679-00101006 And then now you have a joystick and as you move the Web page up and down, it drives it
EJ72eMVqiS4-00307-00101006-00101106 across the floor.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00308-00101106-00101272 No app at all.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00309-00101272-00101606 And that device has no Internet connectivity.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00310-00101606-00101972 It's stealing it from itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00311-00101972-00102631 So this is controllable using standard Web technologies.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00312-00102631-00102803 I think that's kind of awesome.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00313-00102803-00103279 So, oh, my god the Web is still awesome?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00314-00103279-00103444 We've had this kind of beaten up.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00315-00103444-00103835 For those of us who have been around for five or six years, we've been beaten up by the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00316-00103835-00104062 fact that native is awesome and Web sucks.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00317-00104062-00104320 And it gets kind of old after a while.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00318-00104320-00104815 But I think recently we're finally beginning to realize that the Web is getting quite good
EJ72eMVqiS4-00319-00104815-00104983 and so many interesting things are happening.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00320-00104983-00105466 And, to me, it all kind of came together how we can do this one little technology and these
EJ72eMVqiS4-00321-00105466-00105630 new layers are happening on top.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00322-00105630-00106089 And it all kind of works together quite nicely.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00323-00106089-00106584 URLs plus the Web and, again, maybe I'm just preaching to the choir on this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00324-00106584-00107138 But I was really kind of deeply appreciative of the fact that they're just so damn flexible.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00325-00107138-00107674 Weird doing a tiny thing with URLs and Web pages but people are doing really crazy and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00326-00107674-00108237 inventive things on top of it that are independent of us and because we're doing this thin discovery
EJ72eMVqiS4-00327-00108237-00108704 layer of just a URL, it allows people to do crazy stuff on top.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00328-00108704-00108847 But I don't want to pick a fight.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00329-00108847-00109262 About four years ago I wrote a blog post called mobile apps must die.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00330-00109262-00109791 That was probably a mistake on my part because it created -- it set up this fight, like,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00331-00109791-00110125 Web versus native, and it got a lot of press and traction.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00332-00110125-00110449 And in hindsight I realized I was picking a fight we shouldn't do.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00333-00110449-00110632 There was no reason.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00334-00110632-00111177 Web and native can both do very, very different things, and it's okay for them to both be
EJ72eMVqiS4-00335-00111177-00111309 around.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00336-00111309-00111805 What I have discovered with the physical Web is the fact that the physical Web enables
EJ72eMVqiS4-00337-00111805-00112184 interaction with apps just aren't practical.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00338-00112184-00112320 You want to play World of Warcraft?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00339-00112320-00112420 Great.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00340-00112420-00112520 Get an app.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00341-00112520-00112970 But if you just want to give somebody a little bit information, well, then just do something
EJ72eMVqiS4-00342-00112970-00113073 a little bit more lightweight.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00343-00113073-00113267 So it's each their own.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00344-00113267-00113754 So now that we've talked about URLs, we've talked about the Web, there's a third point
EJ72eMVqiS4-00345-00113754-00114227 that I would like to bring up, which is thinking small.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00346-00114227-00114882 Because the issue of the physical Web is that we came out with a Bluetooth beacon after
EJ72eMVqiS4-00347-00114882-00115077 Apple did I beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00348-00115077-00115767 So almost 90% of all the questions that I get is trying to reinvent I beacon with physical
EJ72eMVqiS4-00349-00115767-00115911 Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00350-00115911-00116230 And so in this particular case, I want to show something really, really lightweight
EJ72eMVqiS4-00351-00116230-00116883 which is to say here is a fake pill bottle, and it's a fake pill bottle with a fake prescription
EJ72eMVqiS4-00352-00116883-00117025 but my name on it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00353-00117025-00117523 And the intention is to show what it would be like to have a very low powered very cheap
EJ72eMVqiS4-00354-00117523-00117623 beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00355-00117623-00118008 They're actually expecting less than a year to be able to make these things less than
EJ72eMVqiS4-00356-00118008-00118108 a dollar.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00357-00118108-00118527 In which case just broadcast a you really to the description, clicks on it, and because
EJ72eMVqiS4-00358-00118527-00118900 the Web browser knows my default language, it can show me exactly the language I want.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00359-00118900-00119236 It's nothing fancy just showing a YouTube video.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00360-00119236-00119585 Just lightweight simple stuff that can be done very, very easily.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00361-00119585-00120005 This is not about interaction but more about information.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00362-00120005-00120375 And I feel these lightweight scenarios are a totally different way of thinking about
EJ72eMVqiS4-00363-00120375-00120475 it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00364-00120475-00120764 And I mentioned before about the smart toaster.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00365-00120764-00120927 You guys have all seen this before.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00366-00120927-00121174 You buy a brand-new twice.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00367-00121174-00121607 It comes in a box with URLs and QR codes, and you unpack the device, and what's the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00368-00121607-00121707 first thing you do?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00369-00121707-00122351 You throw the box away and some poor marketing person lose their wings because they secretly
EJ72eMVqiS4-00370-00122351-00122775 want you to go to their website but we don't make that possible.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00371-00122775-00123084 A toaster can be a light way to tell you a little bit of stuff.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00372-00123084-00123774 How to clean the crumb tray, how to recycle it, how to give you a toaster recipe.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00373-00123774-00124383 And we don't have to think complicated thoughts for this to be useful.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00374-00124383-00124863 The Web is famous for this long tail of content talked about in wired magazine.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00375-00124863-00125421 The idea is that millions of tiny websites are significantly bigger than the three or
EJ72eMVqiS4-00376-00125421-00125545 four biggest ones.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00377-00125545-00125901 They really add up to this big, big, big amount of usage.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00378-00125901-00126366 And I think whether you believe in the vending machine example or the bus stop or the pill
EJ72eMVqiS4-00379-00126366-00127279 bottle or the toaster oven, put together, they create this interaction.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00380-00127279-00127520 How can we interact and talk to any device effortlessly?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00381-00127520-00128019 And that's what we have to do and that's why this has to be a Web standard and not anything
EJ72eMVqiS4-00382-00128019-00128208 by one particular company.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00383-00128208-00128895 By the way, people love to equate the physical Web to the Internet of things.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00384-00128895-00129529 It's cool, but these is simply access to information and, yes, it can bridge into smart devices,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00385-00129529-00129828 but that's an extra use case of it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00386-00129828-00130292 So the final thing that I learned, number four is that it's not just beacons.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00387-00130292-00130689 We have these beacons right now and whenever people think of Bluetooth, they just think
EJ72eMVqiS4-00388-00130689-00130854 of these beacons.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00389-00130854-00131055 And they are pretty cheap.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00390-00131055-00131347 But it's actually also quite interesting to use your phone.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00391-00131347-00131883 So the guy before that was broadcasting here actually installed an app called beacon toy.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00392-00131883-00132209 You installed beacon toy, your phone can become a beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00393-00132209-00132687 You can type in whatever URL you want to and now everybody here can see your beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00394-00132687-00133321 Now, we originally made a physical Web app and that was meant to scan, but it also does
EJ72eMVqiS4-00395-00133321-00133780 in effect broadcasting, so it's now demo time.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00396-00133780-00134810 So what I'm going to do is take a photo of you guys, here we go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00397-00134810-00134928 Camera.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00398-00134928-00135280 Not that one.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00399-00135280-00135399 Delete.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00400-00135399-00135786 This is getting confusing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00401-00135786-00136171 Here we go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00402-00136171-00136427 Can you smile, please.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00403-00136427-00136540 Thank you.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00404-00136540-00137141 Now, let's just see how good the Wi-Fi here is for me to tweet this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00405-00137141-00137334 Tweet.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00406-00137334-00137526 Okay.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00407-00137526-00138162 Now what I'm going to do is I should have realized doing this on a slow Wi-Fi might
EJ72eMVqiS4-00408-00138162-00138301 be a problem.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00409-00138301-00138403 Okay.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00410-00138403-00138896 Now, what I'm going to do now is simply hit the share button in Android and then when
EJ72eMVqiS4-00411-00138896-00139333 I share instead of picking Gmail or anything else, I'm going to pick the physical Web app
EJ72eMVqiS4-00412-00139333-00139433 itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00413-00139433-00139815 Because our physical Web app gives you the ability to share anything from any Android
EJ72eMVqiS4-00414-00139815-00140082 app, and I hit it, and it's now broadcasting.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00415-00140082-00140592 So anybody right now on their phone can see that tweet I just took.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00416-00140592-00140885 It will probably reach -- I'm not sure it will reach to the back building because I
EJ72eMVqiS4-00417-00140885-00141312 have it set to low power but almost everybody here in the first 15 rows can see this tweet
EJ72eMVqiS4-00418-00141312-00141446 right now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00419-00141446-00141640 I can't confirm it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00420-00141640-00141866 Has anybody seen the URL?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00421-00141866-00142008 No one's looking?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00422-00142008-00142495 Anyway the point, though, is that -- I'll just leave it here if you want to see that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00423-00142495-00142949 But the intention is that this opens up a whole different kind of way of looking at
EJ72eMVqiS4-00424-00142949-00143049 it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00425-00143049-00143307 Imagine if you were to have just simply a vendor that could actually make their own
EJ72eMVqiS4-00426-00143307-00143824 Web page and hit go, and they could simply broadcast it or share things with your friends.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00427-00143824-00143947 So what do we learn?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00428-00143947-00144103 Quick summary.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00429-00144103-00144276 You're all shorteners for the win.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00430-00144276-00144404 They're actually quite good.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00431-00144404-00144666 The Web just keeps getting better.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00432-00144666-00144932 It's the small use cases that I think are really interesting.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00433-00144932-00145044 Not these big corporate ones.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00434-00145044-00145444 There's nothing one with big corporate ones but the strong use cases I think is quite
EJ72eMVqiS4-00435-00145444-00145572 interesting.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00436-00145572-00145754 And it's not just beacons.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00437-00145754-00146240 We can actually build this into the phone itself as a new way of sharing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00438-00146240-00146409 So that's part two.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00439-00146409-00146637 Part three, where can we go?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00440-00146637-00147139 And I find this is the part that I'm going to get a little bit more maybe not philosophical
EJ72eMVqiS4-00441-00147139-00147496 but more, like, where does this technology take us?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00442-00147496-00147803 The first thing I really want to stress is that everything that we do is open source.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00443-00147803-00148148 This is my first open source project, it has been very eye opening how it works.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00444-00148148-00148526 We have an amazing community on GitHub of people that help us out.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00445-00148526-00148966 So the application that we did is open source.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00446-00148966-00149312 The scanner that we built, the proxy service that we built is open source.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00447-00149312-00149542 We're working on this beacon image right now.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00448-00149542-00149765 This is all written in arm embedded.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00449-00149765-00150082 That's open source.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00450-00150082-00150664 People have written node servers, Arduino code, all of this has been done in the open
EJ72eMVqiS4-00451-00150664-00151149 source community, and it's so amazing because everyone is working with us.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00452-00151149-00151425 Initially we released a single app on Android.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00453-00151425-00151690 Also released it on iOS and that's just to get started.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00454-00151690-00152212 And then it got built into Chrome and that lasted for about six months, and then it got
EJ72eMVqiS4-00455-00152212-00152705 enough traction that the Android team got interested, and they integrated the code into
EJ72eMVqiS4-00456-00152705-00152920 -- oh, I'm sorry Opera also did it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00457-00152920-00153150 And then we integrated it into Android.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00458-00153150-00153548 So right now it used to be in Chrome and now it's in Android itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00459-00153548-00153917 And then there's a mystery vendor who's going to be releasing their own browser in about
EJ72eMVqiS4-00460-00153917-00154053 four months.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00461-00154053-00154315 So there's a little bit of momentum going on behind this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00462-00154315-00154820 So it's fun to see that if you give it away, people are actually going to use it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00463-00154820-00154989 And this is how many things on the Web work.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00464-00154989-00155489 You open it up, let people play around with it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00465-00155489-00155846 So who is the actual "we" part, though?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00466-00155846-00156502 Because, yes, I work for Google but more importantly, I would like to think I work for the Chrome
EJ72eMVqiS4-00467-00156502-00156701 team in Google.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00468-00156701-00157244 Kind of core that we have in the Chrome team that's more of the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00469-00157244-00157794 And what we do is make the Web better, but I don't want to be this chill for Google for
EJ72eMVqiS4-00470-00157794-00157894 Google product.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00471-00157894-00158299 In fact, a lot of the companies that are using the physical Web right now are getting angry
EJ72eMVqiS4-00472-00158299-00158624 with us because we're not pushing this and taking out ads.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00473-00158624-00159175 We're not making this a corporate thing because the point is this has to be of the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00474-00159175-00159515 This can only succeed if the Web wants it to succeed.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00475-00159515-00159940 If we were to push this too hard, it would actually backfire, and it wouldn't consider
EJ72eMVqiS4-00476-00159940-00160110 to be part of the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00477-00160110-00160544 So this would only work if we and the community want it to work.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00478-00160544-00161001 And I do think it's going to be a little bit slower to get adopted, but I also feel that's
EJ72eMVqiS4-00479-00161001-00161235 the natural better way for this to go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00480-00161235-00161589 This can't work if Google wants it to work.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00481-00161589-00161795 So we are continuing to experiment, though.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00482-00161795-00162189 We keep pushing out crazy ideas in our Android app.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00483-00162189-00162737 So just recently we've put in Wi-Fi direct support so that you can broadcast not using
EJ72eMVqiS4-00484-00162737-00163047 Bluetooth but using Wi-Fi direct.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00485-00163047-00163461 We've also added in DNS support, a variation on that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00486-00163461-00163762 That's quite useful for industrial use cases.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00487-00163762-00164040 And then we invented this new thing called a fat beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00488-00164040-00164575 And a fat beacon is the same Bluetooth beacon but instead of broadcasting the URL, it just
EJ72eMVqiS4-00489-00164575-00164708 broadcasts a title.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00490-00164708-00165080 And then when you click on it, it makes a connection back from the beacon, Yanks the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00491-00165080-00165327 Web page out of it and displays it to the user.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00492-00165327-00165680 So that way you can use it with the data.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00493-00165680-00166099 There's a lot of questions that come up about this, and gets why we do this as an experiment.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00494-00166099-00166504 We put it out and have people throw rocks at us and ask us questions because there's
EJ72eMVqiS4-00495-00166504-00167091 a lot of security concerns about putting up any random beacon that goes through no vetting
EJ72eMVqiS4-00496-00167091-00167195 of any kind.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00497-00167195-00167995 But it's getting people talk about something working with something with data.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00498-00167995-00168422 But I really want to stress, this is the tricky part.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00499-00168422-00168811 You work for Google, but I'm on a open source project.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00500-00168811-00168995 This is an experiment.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00501-00168995-00169352 And we're just trying things out and people keep saying Google has a new thing called
EJ72eMVqiS4-00502-00169352-00169452 beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00503-00169452-00169552 No.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00504-00169552-00169652 No.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00505-00169652-00169752 It's an experiment.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00506-00169752-00170207 I'm sorry we're really underlining the fact that we're playing with these things, and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00507-00170207-00170646 we want to be more of the open source side of things and play around with it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00508-00170646-00171130 So now it's time to talk about my starry eyed vision of where we can go with this stuff
EJ72eMVqiS4-00509-00171130-00171420 because I think there's lots of different directions that we can go on top of it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00510-00171420-00171871 Because right now the simple scanner that we have to find the list of URL to click on
EJ72eMVqiS4-00511-00171871-00172070 feels mosaic; right?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00512-00172070-00172489 It's the first baby steps of what we can do.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00513-00172489-00173038 So let's talk range things from near to far and where we can go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00514-00173038-00173557 First thing that I don't think people appreciate is just how rapid hardware is evolving.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00515-00173557-00174094 This has a coin cell in it, and it will last for about three years.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00516-00174094-00174542 It's the new Nordic chip that came out.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00517-00174542-00174744 Arm also has one called cordio.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00518-00174744-00175261 These things are more sufficient and will probably last upwards of a decade on a single
EJ72eMVqiS4-00519-00175261-00175376 battery.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00520-00175376-00175817 And now a one-volt part rather than a three volt part.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00521-00175817-00176475 Which means these things are quickly going to become powered by a light and therefore
EJ72eMVqiS4-00522-00176475-00176975 we don't have the ecological disaster of throwing millions of batteries in landfills every year.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00523-00176975-00177490 So they're going to quickly become long-term beacons that will run forever.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00524-00177490-00177817 I think that's quite interesting is the hardware side of things.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00525-00177817-00177917 So that's the first step.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00526-00177917-00178213 The step two is URL services.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00527-00178213-00178697 Much like we initially had websites and then we went to blogger and then kind of Twitter
EJ72eMVqiS4-00528-00178697-00178797 and then Facebook.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00529-00178797-00179105 We just had easier and easier techniques for people to work.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00530-00179105-00179511 I think that eventually we're going to have more and more interesting services built specifically
EJ72eMVqiS4-00531-00179511-00179669 for the physical Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00532-00179669-00180229 We had a summer intern that basically created a URL dynamic page creator.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00533-00180229-00181054 It was basically kind of like my card.com with an ampersand name and photo, and I didn't
EJ72eMVqiS4-00534-00181054-00181386 know this but URLs can be 2,000 characters long.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00535-00181386-00181838 So if you were to create a gigantic URL with all the parameters that you want, put it into
EJ72eMVqiS4-00536-00181838-00182233 a URL shortener, you now have a Web page that's yours; right?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00537-00182233-00182586 So, to me, that's a lightweight way of people being able to do that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00538-00182586-00182821 And I think there's a lot of interesting ways of that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00539-00182821-00183016 The other is fixed function beacons.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00540-00183016-00183779 You can imagine a for sale sign that you have for your car, and it comes with a beacon built
EJ72eMVqiS4-00541-00183779-00183879 into it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00542-00183879-00184220 You just go to it first, register it, type in the information that you want to, and it
EJ72eMVqiS4-00543-00184220-00184320 works.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00544-00184320-00184500 You don't even care about the service or anything like that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00545-00184500-00184800 So a lot of things can be built on top of that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00546-00184800-00185388 What I get more interested in is this idea of getting rid of the beacon entirely.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00547-00185388-00185750 And if we were to have a type of mobile Dreamweaver.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00548-00185750-00186154 Imagine an app that you would write that you could then specify a template, information,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00549-00186154-00186645 pictures, photos, and do whatever you want to and hit go and your phone becomes the actual
EJ72eMVqiS4-00550-00186645-00186802 server itself.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00551-00186802-00186909 And people could connect to it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00552-00186909-00187240 Or it could upload it to a server, and you could point a link to that to that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00553-00187240-00187413 That's the whole point.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00554-00187413-00187602 There's many different directions that you can go.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00555-00187602-00187957 But it means that effectively people are now going to be dynamically creating content with
EJ72eMVqiS4-00556-00187957-00188255 their own and then broadcasting to anybody around.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00557-00188255-00188823 This is especially interesting in the fat beacon case with markets in, say, rural areas
EJ72eMVqiS4-00558-00188823-00189216 where people could create information that they want people to see and then anybody else
EJ72eMVqiS4-00559-00189216-00189390 could connect to it and there would be no data anywhere.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00560-00189390-00189975 But you could interact and get information in each of these places.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00561-00189975-00190604 I did mention briefly about JavaScript Bluetooth, the Web Bluetooth standard, part of the W3C,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00562-00190604-00190849 and it lets you interact with the specific beacon.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00563-00190849-00191484 But in Janish, first quarter of next year, there's going to be a scanning API and that,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00564-00191484-00192008 to me, just opens up an amazing amount of work because we did do -- I don't know if
EJ72eMVqiS4-00565-00192008-00192383 you've heard about the computer history museum in mountain view, right next to Google.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00566-00192383-00192728 We put in 31 beacons there to see what it would be like to walk around.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00567-00192728-00193328 And we found out not surprisingly if you walk up to some exhibit, and you go on the physical
EJ72eMVqiS4-00568-00193328-00194219 Web and you see Exhibit 6 and you go on to Exhibit 8, it gets kind of tedious.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00569-00194219-00194566 Once you get in, you want to stay in.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00570-00194566-00195103 Once you get scanning, it means that all of the beacons for the museum would broadcast
EJ72eMVqiS4-00571-00195103-00195203 one URL.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00572-00195203-00195425 It would just say, oh, you're in the history museum.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00573-00195425-00195885 But once you open that Web page, it would scan and say, oh, you're next to Exhibit of
EJ72eMVqiS4-00574-00195885-00195985 6.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00575-00195985-00196511 I'll show you Exhibit 6 and as you get closer to Exhibit 7, a thing will pop up and say,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00576-00196511-00197191 oh, -- and this now completely unlocks the whole UI paradigm because now each hospital
EJ72eMVqiS4-00577-00197191-00197561 or museum or venue can do their own UI.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00578-00197561-00197905 The physical Web is basically -- we'll just get you started.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00579-00197905-00198058 And then you can have your own experience.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00580-00198058-00198239 I'm getting super excited about that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00581-00198239-00198586 We actually built a rough prototype of how this worked for the museum and the results
EJ72eMVqiS4-00582-00198586-00198686 were very encouraging.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00583-00198686-00199017 But, again, this is going to happen not too far in the future.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00584-00199017-00199211 About six or seven months.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00585-00199211-00199823 And then the last point that I want to mention the scanner that we're building is really
EJ72eMVqiS4-00586-00199823-00200277 primitive and the whole reason that we've built it this way is that other people can
EJ72eMVqiS4-00587-00200277-00200472 build scanners.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00588-00200472-00201023 The running joke I've been saying about open source is that everybody loves open source
EJ72eMVqiS4-00589-00201023-00201366 as long as you do all the work.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00590-00201366-00201761 And the idea right now is I think people are waiting for Google to say, hey, if you think
EJ72eMVqiS4-00591-00201761-00201871 it's such a good idea, you make the market.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00592-00201871-00202111 But if it takes off, you damn well give it to us.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00593-00202111-00202279 And I'm, like, fine.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00594-00202279-00202399 That's exactly what we're doing.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00595-00202399-00202580 We just want to make it part of the Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00596-00202580-00203204 So maybe, yes, Google has to push it harder but we're going to do this really basic primitive
EJ72eMVqiS4-00597-00203204-00203707 scanner, and we hope people do better things.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00598-00203707-00204275 So far, for example, people have talked about a summer project beacons that have JSON LD
EJ72eMVqiS4-00599-00204275-00204611 that are embedded in the page that have markers in it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00600-00204611-00205069 That you could browse it as a regular page but also tells you a little bit more about
EJ72eMVqiS4-00601-00205069-00205444 the fact that it actually has an audio clip to it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00602-00205444-00205863 They would build their own custom scanner that would pull these things up and then for
EJ72eMVqiS4-00603-00205863-00206244 blind or visually impaired people, they could walk through an environment and get an audio
EJ72eMVqiS4-00604-00206244-00206390 tour as they walked around.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00605-00206390-00206864 I also talked to a researcher that wanted to use this for augmented reality.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00606-00206864-00207492 Walk in the room, find the physical beacons in the air, and each beacon would have a link
EJ72eMVqiS4-00607-00207492-00207736 to what its mesh it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00608-00207736-00207916 What it physically looks like.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00609-00207916-00208523 You could pick that out of the pages and do visual recognition, and you could see what
EJ72eMVqiS4-00610-00208523-00208719 it is and pull it up.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00611-00208719-00208977 Again, research farther in the future-type stuff.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00612-00208977-00209473 But this is what happens when you can build on top of kind of the data substrate the physical
EJ72eMVqiS4-00613-00209473-00209721 Web gives you.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00614-00209721-00209992 So I was just -- and these are just a couple of ideas that I came up with.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00615-00209992-00210281 But this is why I'm so excited about the physical Web.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00616-00210281-00210435 So here's the summary so far.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00617-00210435-00210611 I talked about what the physical Web was.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00618-00210611-00210800 I talked about kind of journey that we went on.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00619-00210800-00211038 And I gave a few ideas of where we're going.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00620-00211038-00211633 We're really excited about it but the bottom line is it's going to work part of the community.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00621-00211633-00212134 Some people think I'm pushing this as a Google product but nothing can be further than the
EJ72eMVqiS4-00622-00212134-00212234 truth.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00623-00212234-00212516 This is only going to work if we as a community want it to happen.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00624-00212516-00212657 I hope you're excited about it.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00625-00212657-00213202 I am, lots of other companies are, I'm going to stick around and answer your questions.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00626-00213202-00213480 Thank you, guys, for listening.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00627-00213480-00213646 [Applause] >> Thanks, Scott.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00628-00213646-00213800 Lots of questions of course.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00629-00213800-00214427 I think you touched on this in the talk but maybe you and I know more about this, so I'll
EJ72eMVqiS4-00630-00214427-00214605 ask it again.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00631-00214605-00215128 Isn't the physical Web a security nightmare with people being trapped as they walk around,
EJ72eMVqiS4-00632-00215128-00215317 et cetera?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00633-00215317-00215941 >> The big thing about the physical Web and our sweet spot use case is this public ephemeral
EJ72eMVqiS4-00634-00215941-00216041 interaction.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00635-00216041-00216267 It's the public stop that's giving the URL.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00636-00216267-00216819 We strongly recommend that the user does not have a beacon on their body because for just
EJ72eMVqiS4-00637-00216819-00216998 that reason, you could be trapped.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00638-00216998-00217155 So we don't recommend that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00639-00217155-00217623 If, though, you're worried that because you're using the Google scanner and it could scan
EJ72eMVqiS4-00640-00217623-00217963 for all the devices, there's two things to say.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00641-00217963-00218460 One is I hate to break it to you but any app on the planet can do that with GPS already.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00642-00218460-00218698 And second you don't have to trust Google.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00643-00218698-00219088 If you don't want to use Google's physical Web, use Opera.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00644-00219088-00219510 So pick the company you trust most and use them.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00645-00219510-00219794 >> Which was the first browser to implement the physical Web?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00646-00219794-00220160 >> Gee, I'm trying to think.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00647-00220160-00220359 It's some tango thing?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00648-00220359-00220498 >> Something like that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00649-00220498-00220598 Yeah.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00650-00220598-00220948 Is there a physical limit on the size of the beacon?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00651-00220948-00221229 The size of a grain of sand or mountain?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00652-00221229-00221777 >> There are beacons literally smaller than this.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00653-00221777-00222342 Actually Google's health group they had made a custom beacon that was the size of an American
EJ72eMVqiS4-00654-00222342-00222496 nickel.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00655-00222496-00222926 So about 21 millimeters wide and lasted for about three or four weeks because it had a
EJ72eMVqiS4-00656-00222926-00223054 really tiny battery.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00657-00223054-00223402 So these things are going to get significantly smaller.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00658-00223402-00223836 >> And how practical is the physical Web if you walk by a trashcan full of pill bottles
EJ72eMVqiS4-00659-00223836-00224085 each giving you a notification on the phone.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00660-00224085-00224441 >> I get the multiple pill bottle question a lot.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00661-00224441-00225100 You can do clever things with changing the design and also turning the power down.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00662-00225100-00225606 So, to me, the pill bottle example is only really viable if it only has a very, very
EJ72eMVqiS4-00663-00225606-00225715 tiny radius.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00664-00225715-00225931 Say, half a meter.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00665-00225931-00226352 However, there are people who probably have 50 pill bottles in the room and honestly I
EJ72eMVqiS4-00666-00226352-00226458 don't have a good answer for that.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00667-00226458-00226873 My expectation is that this would only be used for very, very high value things and
EJ72eMVqiS4-00668-00226873-00227033 not necessarily for everything.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00669-00227033-00227481 But that got to my point about how we get better and better scanners as we have more
EJ72eMVqiS4-00670-00227481-00227581 and more of these devices.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00671-00227581-00228251 >> Cool and what about power consumption of the device that's doing the scanning?
EJ72eMVqiS4-00672-00228251-00228804 >> We have so many people that do not turn on Bluetooth at all because they think Bluetooth
EJ72eMVqiS4-00673-00228804-00229515 is a power hog and in the new more than chips is not an issue at all.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00674-00229515-00229942 We only scan when you turn the screen on, and we only scan for ten seconds.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00675-00229942-00230206 So our battery impact is almost insignificant.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00676-00230206-00230309 >> Excellent.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00677-00230309-00230529 Thank you very much, Scott.
EJ72eMVqiS4-00678-00230529-00230567 Great.
EJQFM1uU99A-00000-00000000-00000200 Bees bring honey🐝Pčele nose med🍯
EMR3UKF0fKg-00000-00000056-00000936 hey guys again it's me nittro framework is basically a front-end javascript framework for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00001-00001264-00001896 for ajax driven websites which are built on the back end on top of the net a framework
EMR3UKF0fKg-00002-00001896-00002512 because nette framework has a couple of very interesting and pretty much easy to use features
EMR3UKF0fKg-00003-00002512-00003208 which make building ajax driven websites very easy but obviously you need something
EMR3UKF0fKg-00004-00003208-00003768 to drive this from the from the client side and nittro is one of the options you have to do that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00005-00004024-00004912 awesome awesome so are we going to build some demo project or i see demo here yeah i figured
EMR3UKF0fKg-00006-00004912-00005616 i'll i would i mean there's you can you can you can get more information about nittro anytime
EMR3UKF0fKg-00007-00005736-00006400 from the two two best places to get info are the natural github where there's a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00008-00006472-00007120 we keep with some information and then there's the nittro forwhere you can ask any questions
EMR3UKF0fKg-00009-00007120-00007656 you have that's for the future but today i thought we might try to walk through
EMR3UKF0fKg-00010-00007656-00008128 the some of the basic features and a couple of the more advanced extensions
EMR3UKF0fKg-00011-00008336-00009160 of nittro and we can do it we can do that all together like if you if you'd like
EMR3UKF0fKg-00012-00009264-00010008 sorry i just lost the screen here yeah if you'd like you can just clone this repository and walk
EMR3UKF0fKg-00013-00010008-00010848 through the the examples one by one live with me or or just watch as i'm doing here because i'll be
EMR3UKF0fKg-00014-00010848-00011704 doing the same the the the repository contains some 10 or or 11 comets starting from a basic
EMR3UKF0fKg-00015-00011872-00012560 blog app built on top of nette without any ajax integration at all and then building on top of it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00016-00012560-00013304 with every other comet extending it improving things and touching upon upon issues that might
EMR3UKF0fKg-00017-00013304-00014184 arise and stuff like that so so so if you'd like go ahead clone this repository and otherwise
EMR3UKF0fKg-00018-00014304-00015672 just keep on keep on watching cool so go ahead hi so i've got it open here first thing you should do
EMR3UKF0fKg-00019-00015672-00016736 if you're if you're going along on your own laptop or computer is after you you clone the repository
EMR3UKF0fKg-00020-00016736-00017448 you wanna go ahead and check out the first comment in the repository which is called based projects
EMR3UKF0fKg-00021-00017528-00018120 you don't need to do anything else just check out that comment and if you also want to run it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00022-00018120-00018984 then you want to open a terminal go to the public directory within the repository and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00023-00018984-00019976 run the built-in php web server which you can do easily with just you know php minus l localhost
EMR3UKF0fKg-00024-00020048-00020664 collin 8000 or something and open that up i have already have i already have this prepared here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00025-00020736-00021632 and we'll let's check it out the the the blog app is really just an example this is not how a blog
EMR3UKF0fKg-00026-00021632-00022024 would be really implemented because obviously there would be some authentication before you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00027-00022024-00022528 can create posts and stuff like that but for the sake of the example i think it will work just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00028-00022608-00023560 just right you have a blog posts blog posts have some can have some tags attached to them and they
EMR3UKF0fKg-00029-00023560-00024288 can have comments there's a comments section and this is implemented in the in the in the app using
EMR3UKF0fKg-00030-00024456-00025264 two presenters there is a home page presenter which is just a list of the latest blog posts
EMR3UKF0fKg-00031-00025264-00026288 and there's a post presenter which is the the the detail page of an individual post as well as
EMR3UKF0fKg-00032-00026416-00027320 the editor for editing or creating new posts if you have all that up and running or if it's
EMR3UKF0fKg-00033-00027520-00027927 obvious what's happening or one thing i haven't mentioned there's a couple of components
EMR3UKF0fKg-00034-00028016-00028704 which encapsulates some of the some of the things that are going on here there's a component
EMR3UKF0fKg-00035-00028704-00029288 that lists the tags of a post there's a component that just shows the number of comments
EMR3UKF0fKg-00036-00029392-00030024 for a given post and there's a component managing the comment section all of it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00037-00030152-00031104 both the displaying and the creating of new comments so if i type in this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00038-00031688-00032392 and i create a new comment then you can see there's a a there's a new the number increased
EMR3UKF0fKg-00039-00032392-00032968 in the counter component and there's a new comment and then there's a beautiful flash message about
EMR3UKF0fKg-00040-00032968-00033544 the comment having been added but what you might have also noticed is that when i submitted the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00041-00033544-00034328 form the page jumped all the way up and like like that's a really jarring experience and if you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00042-00034416-00035304 where to watch this in your network log you would have seen that upon submitting the form there was
EMR3UKF0fKg-00043-00035368-00036064 an a full page reload there was an http request that submitted the form then that resulted in
EMR3UKF0fKg-00044-00036064-00036584 a redirect and the redirect resulting in resulted in reloading the whole page
EMR3UKF0fKg-00045-00036664-00037608 we can try to do this better and to do it better let me get back here we'll start with
EMR3UKF0fKg-00046-00037696-00038200 integrating nittro on the very most basic levels so let's go ahead and check out the first
EMR3UKF0fKg-00047-00038200-00039176 step and if you're if you're in a in an ide like php storm or anything which can show you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00048-00039176-00040088 a a diff of the of the of the individual comments then you can follow easily what's being done so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00049-00040088-00040672 for instance in this first comment you can see we we we've done a couple of things for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00050-00040672-00041768 one we have installed the nittro neta bridges package that's just a bridge which
EMR3UKF0fKg-00051-00042040-00042936 gives you a couple of latte macros that you can use in your templates and it gives you a couple
EMR3UKF0fKg-00052-00042936-00043952 of short hands for dealing with the most basic things related to building an ajax driven back end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00053-00043952-00045200 for for your site we've also installed the nittro builds these are just you you can grab those from
EMR3UKF0fKg-00054-00045200-00045800 the nittro website even though i'm not sure the online builder that's there is really
EMR3UKF0fKg-00055-00045800-00046592 up to date i'll have to check that but anyways for the sake of the demo grab that but probably
EMR3UKF0fKg-00056-00046656-00047312 if you're going to be serious about building a a full website with nittro you'll probably
EMR3UKF0fKg-00057-00047312-00048096 want to build it yourself which is done using a gulp and a couple of a couple of gulp plugins
EMR3UKF0fKg-00058-00048224-00048824 and then you would install nittro itself from npm along with other things like for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00059-00048824-00049232 instance bootstrap which this block is using for for the style sheets and stuff
EMR3UKF0fKg-00060-00049376-00050320 so yeah so so so we're now we we have installed the the the netapp bridges package
EMR3UKF0fKg-00061-00050440-00051232 and we have installed nittro itself now we need to integrate those with our existing app so how
EMR3UKF0fKg-00062-00051232-00051752 do you do that well on the back end this is easy on the back end we just we probably already have
EMR3UKF0fKg-00063-00051752-00052496 some base presenter class which which probably extends the the net a application ui presenter
EMR3UKF0fKg-00064-00052567-00053312 what we need to do is we have to change that to the nittro ui presenter which itself directly
EMR3UKF0fKg-00065-00053312-00053952 extends the net application ui presenter and if we can't do that because we already need to extend
EMR3UKF0fKg-00066-00053952-00054784 another presenter class we can get around it by just using a trade because this presenter class
EMR3UKF0fKg-00067-00054976-00055776 it just uses the presenter utils trade out of the nittro bridges package and then just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00068-00055879-00056616 sets some stuff up the important thing is that this will what this will do extending the base
EMR3UKF0fKg-00069-00056616-00057232 presenter class from nittro what it will do is it will take care of automatic redrawing
EMR3UKF0fKg-00070-00057296-00058232 of snippets on the presenter because when your site is built it is fully ajax driven
EMR3UKF0fKg-00071-00058472-00058936 you always need to be redrawing some snippets almost always i mean there's a couple of
EMR3UKF0fKg-00072-00058936-00059536 situations where you do where where you just want to send jason back but most of the time you'll
EMR3UKF0fKg-00073-00059536-00060144 want to be redrawing some snippets and because also most of the time you'll be wanting to redraw
EMR3UKF0fKg-00074-00060144-00060712 the same snippets with every request the nittro based presenter
EMR3UKF0fKg-00075-00060896-00061528 simplifies that so it will there's a there's
EMR3UKF0fKg-00076-00062216-00062912 there are a couple of options you have but by default it will redraw a snippet called content
EMR3UKF0fKg-00077-00063008-00064040 which will then register in the in the template and because in our scenario the content snippet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00078-00064040-00064855 is everything from down from here on down we'll also want to redraw the header snippet which we
EMR3UKF0fKg-00079-00064855-00065664 have here and to do that the base presenter class calls the set default snippets present method
EMR3UKF0fKg-00080-00065664-00066216 in the presenters startup method but that's that's it you don't have to do anything
EMR3UKF0fKg-00081-00066216-00066832 else you just like i said you change to the the nittro ui based prisoner class
EMR3UKF0fKg-00082-00066832-00067344 and optionally if you need to be redrawing more than just the content snippet with every request
EMR3UKF0fKg-00083-00067344-00067848 you would call set default snippets to tell the nittro integration which snippets
EMR3UKF0fKg-00084-00067848-00068312 should be redrawn unless other snippets have been marked for a drawal before
EMR3UKF0fKg-00085-00068616-00069504 then we'll then we need to look at the at the layout template probably it's going to be easier
EMR3UKF0fKg-00086-00069504-00070552 if i show this here let me close this what we did here is we have added the nittro style sheet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00087-00070552-00071248 we have added the nittro javascript which we have added in the body section at the very start of the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00088-00071248-00072160 body because you want it to start loading as soon as possible but you also if it's already cached or
EMR3UKF0fKg-00089-00072160-00072680 and it executes instantly you want it to have instant access to document body
EMR3UKF0fKg-00090-00072680-00073328 so that's why you put it in the body tag but you put it at the start and to make it as asynchronous
EMR3UKF0fKg-00091-00073328-00073840 so that it doesn't block the rendering and loading of the rest of your page you use the async and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00092-00073840-00074744 defer attributes to make it load asynchronously other than that we need to mark the header element
EMR3UKF0fKg-00093-00074744-00075424 and the main container element as snippets which we do the usual way we just use the built-in nette
EMR3UKF0fKg-00094-00075480-00076712 latte macro and snippet and that's it and right now if i go back to the the demo and i show you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00095-00076832-00077288 what it looks like now it looks the same but when you when you take a look at
EMR3UKF0fKg-00096-00077288-00078136 the network tab of your of your browser and you navigate to say one of the post
EMR3UKF0fKg-00097-00078136-00078880 details you'll see that the page wasn't reloaded that just an ajax request has been made
EMR3UKF0fKg-00098-00078936-00079584 and the new assets have been loaded because those obviously need to be loaded separately but
EMR3UKF0fKg-00099-00079656-00080216 just the the the part of the the the page that changed has been loaded via ajax and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00100-00080216-00080592 the rest stayed the same no reloading of the style sheets and other stuff
EMR3UKF0fKg-00101-00080808-00081640 but so so this works it will also work with with comments and everything else because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00102-00081808-00082776 by default the if if you're if if you're building this the way you should be like redirecting after
EMR3UKF0fKg-00103-00082776-00083392 a form is submitted and stuff like that most of that nittro will handle out of the box but
EMR3UKF0fKg-00104-00083392-00084272 it doesn't really always do what you want it to or look the way you would like it to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00105-00084352-00084816 because for instance now if i add a new comment here like
EMR3UKF0fKg-00106-00086336-00086984 you can see that the the flash message has been rendered differently because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00107-00086984-00087320 schneider doesn't yet know anything about how flash messages should be
EMR3UKF0fKg-00108-00087320-00088040 treated the page scrolled because nittro by default takes care of scrolling as well
EMR3UKF0fKg-00109-00088120-00088936 and the comment has been added but the most weird thing i think right now is that if i now go back
EMR3UKF0fKg-00110-00089256-00090336 i'm still on the same page even though from my the way i think i would feel as a user this wasn't a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00111-00090336-00090928 full page wasn't supposed to be a full new entry in the in the in the browser's history because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00112-00090928-00091512 i would expect the previous page to have been the home page but no after submitting the form
EMR3UKF0fKg-00113-00091512-00092064 a new history entry is added even though not much on the page has changed so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00114-00092168-00093136 next up we're gonna try and remedy some of these little issues i keep switching this around but
EMR3UKF0fKg-00115-00093216-00093776 if we if we go back to the to the to the git history and we check out the next revision
EMR3UKF0fKg-00116-00093952-00094696 that one is going to introduce some some of the concepts of how to configure the very
EMR3UKF0fKg-00117-00094696-00095712 very very basic of behaviors that are built into nittro first up what we need to do to get this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00118-00095712-00096568 up and running is we need to register the nittro bridges extension in our our dependency injection
EMR3UKF0fKg-00119-00096568-00097136 container what this extension will do is it will register a couple of latte macros like i mentioned
EMR3UKF0fKg-00120-00097136-00097992 before that we want to use for some of our some of our needs also there's a couple of changes in
EMR3UKF0fKg-00121-00097992-00098632 the style sheets just so that the flash messages look the same way if they're when they're rendered
EMR3UKF0fKg-00122-00098632-00099448 by a lot by nittro as they would have looked if they were rendered on the server side and then
EMR3UKF0fKg-00123-00099560-00100552 we are going to go ahead and add a couple of data attributes most of the the most common nittro
EMR3UKF0fKg-00124-00100552-00101040 behaviors on the front end can be controlled using data attributes these include data history
EMR3UKF0fKg-00125-00101104-00101952 data transition data scroll to the data history attribute is a boolean it's controlling whether
EMR3UKF0fKg-00126-00101952-00102552 navigating to a given link should create a new entry in the browser's history or not by default
EMR3UKF0fKg-00127-00102552-00103416 nittro will create a new history entry for every link it handles but sometimes that's not what you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00128-00103416-00104272 want like in the example with the comments so to turn off the history handling you want to add the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00129-00104472-00104752 we can see that here comments
EMR3UKF0fKg-00130-00105040-00105335 you want to add the data history
EMR3UKF0fKg-00131-00105416-00106344 equals false attribute to the link or form that that you want to exclude from from from history
EMR3UKF0fKg-00132-00106520-00107320 you in this step we're doing this for both the new comment form and the the button which takes
EMR3UKF0fKg-00133-00107320-00108064 care of deleting comments the data transition attribute it controls what will be transitioned
EMR3UKF0fKg-00134-00108064-00108832 or animated transitions are what animations are called in nittro in between two pages
EMR3UKF0fKg-00135-00109016-00110040 by default nittro will transition all elements on the page which have the nittro transition auto
EMR3UKF0fKg-00136-00110120-00111296 css class which means that for instance if we add that class to our content snippet like here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00137-00111400-00112048 and then we add a class which actually represents the kind of transition that should be made there
EMR3UKF0fKg-00138-00112048-00112624 are a couple built in into nittro and you can obviously build build others there's a there's a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00139-00112872-00113664 there's documentation for that on the in the nittro wiki then upon navigating to another page
EMR3UKF0fKg-00140-00113792-00114424 nittro will figure out that yeah it should be animating the article element and it should
EMR3UKF0fKg-00141-00114424-00115111 apply the fade transition the the transitions should be noted these transitions aren't
EMR3UKF0fKg-00142-00115376-00115800 performed by scripting they are performed by
EMR3UKF0fKg-00143-00115800-00116272 swapping a couple of css classes on the element and all of the animations
EMR3UKF0fKg-00144-00116272-00117120 are actually done via style sheets so it should be accelerated and it should be pretty fast and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00145-00117304-00118752 it should work pretty pretty well where was i yeah so like i said with the with the new comment form
EMR3UKF0fKg-00146-00118752-00119640 and the button for deleting comments we've added the data history attributes to prevent nittro from
EMR3UKF0fKg-00147-00119759-00120335 adding a new history entry when that element is activated we've added the data transition
EMR3UKF0fKg-00148-00120424-00121192 attributes to control the transition that's going to happen when the new pages being transitioned to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00149-00121392-00121872 right now we're just disabling the transition but we also could have used a selector here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00150-00121872-00122776 instead of false we could just do something like whatever and then nittro would look for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00151-00122880-00123632 this element for the selector to transition it instead of the default ones with the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00152-00123632-00124296 nittro transition order class and lastly there's the data scroll to attribute which controls
EMR3UKF0fKg-00153-00124416-00125056 where nittro should scroll to when the new page is loaded by default nittro will look
EMR3UKF0fKg-00154-00125056-00125808 for the topmost element on the page which has been updated by the ajax request so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00155-00125911-00126424 that's what you can see actually happening here because we haven't yet changed anything about how
EMR3UKF0fKg-00156-00126424-00127159 snippets are rendered and redrawn when i submit the form to to add a new comment or when i delete
EMR3UKF0fKg-00157-00127159-00127904 a comment what happens is the default snippets are withdrawn default snippets include the header and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00158-00127904-00128472 the whole page content starting here and going all the way down so if i now delete johnny's comment
EMR3UKF0fKg-00159-00128759-00129120 you can see that we've scrolled all the way to the header snippet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00160-00129120-00129872 and with a little bit of margin above it but it's not the top of the page per se it's just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00161-00129872-00130840 that the the header snippet has been updated if we don't want to consider a given element
EMR3UKF0fKg-00162-00130944-00132000 when figuring out where to scroll to we can use the data scroll ignore attribute like like this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00163-00132208-00132312 make this scroll
EMR3UKF0fKg-00164-00132544-00133400 ignore true and then if we delete another comment
EMR3UKF0fKg-00165-00133712-00134024 the header snippet won't be scrolled too because we've just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00166-00134152-00134760 added it to the ignore list but other than that we could just disable scrolling all
EMR3UKF0fKg-00167-00134760-00135376 together using this data attribute or we can put a number here which would mean an
EMR3UKF0fKg-00168-00135376-00135912 offset from the top of the page or we can put a selector which means nittro will look for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00169-00135968-00136808 the for elements matching the selector and scroll to the topmost element matching the selector
EMR3UKF0fKg-00170-00137144-00137664 another thing that we've changed here aside from from
EMR3UKF0fKg-00171-00138048-00138608 adding the data attributes is that we've added a couple more snippets like we've
EMR3UKF0fKg-00172-00138680-00139280 added a snippet for the comment list so that just the comment list gets redrawn when a new
EMR3UKF0fKg-00173-00139336-00140384 comment is added or deleted so no more of no more loading of the top of the page and we've also
EMR3UKF0fKg-00174-00140848-00141432 let me check here yeah we've we've made this this element a snippet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00175-00141432-00141760 we've added the the the data attributes
EMR3UKF0fKg-00176-00141968-00142480 we've also changed how flashes are rendered this is something that will that's been done
EMR3UKF0fKg-00177-00142480-00143072 both in the template for the component for the commons component and the layout component
EMR3UKF0fKg-00178-00143152-00143632 usually when you're rendering snippets in nette by default you do something like this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00179-00143632-00144216 you iterate over the flashes array and you render a couple of containers with the flash message
EMR3UKF0fKg-00180-00144360-00145200 but nittro has a built-in renderer for for flashes which not only does it it does
EMR3UKF0fKg-00181-00145200-00146056 something similar to this but it also includes a couple of important attributes which are the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00182-00146056-00146776 used by the front end so that when you render a flash message it's it gets rendered the same way
EMR3UKF0fKg-00183-00146776-00147480 no matter if it's rendered on the back end or by nittro on the front end so that there's that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00184-00147544-00148192 then we've added some of those data attributes here and then we've added a couple of of um
EMR3UKF0fKg-00185-00148528-00149560 of elements to render the validation messages on the form we've changed the the default the default
EMR3UKF0fKg-00186-00149560-00150392 rendering of the form errors to use the nittro macro similar to why we did it with the flashes
EMR3UKF0fKg-00187-00150392-00150880 just to have it rendered the same way on the back end as is as it's rendered on the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00188-00150880-00151584 and then we've added a couple of a couple of elements to have to to house the individual
EMR3UKF0fKg-00189-00151904-00152424 validation messages for the individual inputs that's for the for the that's it for the comments
EMR3UKF0fKg-00190-00152520-00153304 template and in the comments component we need to change how we react to certain events
EMR3UKF0fKg-00191-00153304-00154064 for instance when a comment is deleted we no longer need to redirect because nittro can
EMR3UKF0fKg-00192-00154152-00154976 change the the the url of the of the new browser history entry if one were created to anything you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00193-00154976-00155672 like so instead of calling redirect as you would usually you would call post get which is one of
EMR3UKF0fKg-00194-00155672-00156432 the methods added by the the nittro based presenter the post get method will redirect
EMR3UKF0fKg-00195-00156432-00157360 normally when the request is made normally without ajax but when the request is made using ajax the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00196-00157360-00158312 postgate method will just add the url that would have been redirected to into the payload so and it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00197-00158312-00159184 won't stop if i mean if it's if postgate redirects then this is the place where the processing ends
EMR3UKF0fKg-00198-00159184-00159856 because it will throw a redirect exception as redirect normally does but when it just when the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00199-00159856-00160544 request is made using ajax and the postgate method doesn't redirect then you can continue rendering
EMR3UKF0fKg-00200-00160544-00161152 as you would normally which means that in certain scenarios you don't need to redirect to re
EMR3UKF0fKg-00201-00161224-00161840 to to redraw the whole page because you don't need to redraw the whole page you just need to redraw
EMR3UKF0fKg-00202-00161840-00162368 a small portion of it like for instance the list of the list of the comments so that the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00203-00162368-00163184 new comment appears in list or or or disappears from it in the case of the of the delete signal
EMR3UKF0fKg-00204-00163560-00164392 so that that that's basically all you need to do in the in the in the in the comment component
EMR3UKF0fKg-00205-00164544-00164648 and in the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00206-00164936-00165864 new post template all we've done here is the same as we did with the new new comment form we've
EMR3UKF0fKg-00207-00165864-00166464 added macros to render the validation messages for us both on the backend and on the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00208-00166464-00167008 that's it and in the layout template we've changed as i've said before we've changed
EMR3UKF0fKg-00209-00167008-00167736 the flashes rendering to use the nittro built-in rendering and we have added the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00210-00167736-00168448 transition classes so that the the page content is faded out and in when transitioning to a new page
EMR3UKF0fKg-00211-00168512-00170032 what this looks now what it looks like now is boom no scrolling to the top anymore when i now go back
EMR3UKF0fKg-00212-00170240-00170784 i've actually went back from the wrong page so that this doesn't this didn't do what i expected
EMR3UKF0fKg-00213-00170784-00171696 but say i'm here and go to the post delete an a post and now i go back you can see i went back
EMR3UKF0fKg-00214-00171696-00172384 to the to the home page and not back to the post because the the extra history entry isn't added um
EMR3UKF0fKg-00215-00172792-00173304 improving upon this further there's because there's one thing that that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00216-00173304-00173904 still doesn't work the way we want it to work and that's this watch this i'm gonna
EMR3UKF0fKg-00217-00173984-00174760 see that if notice that the component counter says there's zero comments on this post and obviously
EMR3UKF0fKg-00218-00174760-00175240 that's true seeing as there are actually no comments but when i add a new comment
EMR3UKF0fKg-00219-00175696-00176592 the comment appeared but the counter still says zero and that's because the new comment was added
EMR3UKF0fKg-00220-00176592-00177624 within the comments component the comments component re redrew its snippets and just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00221-00177624-00178512 the snippets of the comments comments component have been rendered when rendering the response so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00222-00178512-00179456 the comment counter component wasn't even created let alone redrawn so how to how do we fix that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00223-00179592-00180624 we can fix that using the aforementioned component events extension which we installed from composer
EMR3UKF0fKg-00224-00180688-00181816 we registered in we register it in the component in the application config and then because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00225-00181872-00182624 for some reason whoever developed this the the back end for this blog they already made the model
EMR3UKF0fKg-00226-00182768-00183440 use symphonies event dispatchers so all we really need to do now is we need to listen for this event
EMR3UKF0fKg-00227-00183576-00184272 for for the event which is dispatched when a new comment is added or or deleted which we do by
EMR3UKF0fKg-00228-00184344-00184984 making the comment count component be an event subscriber
EMR3UKF0fKg-00229-00185136-00185808 the way we would do with any service that wants to be an event subscribers so we we just tell it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00230-00185808-00186176 which events to subscribe to and which method should be called when the event is dispatched
EMR3UKF0fKg-00231-00186240-00186824 which is this and the method itself only just withdraws the component that's it nothing else
EMR3UKF0fKg-00232-00186952-00187640 that's all we need to do one other thing that we did is we made the the command counter component a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00233-00187640-00188200 snippet as well because it wasn't before there was no reason for it to be a snippet it it it should
EMR3UKF0fKg-00234-00188200-00188928 be a snippet now and obviously yeah we installed the component events extension now if we try to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00235-00188928-00189680 try this again you see there is one comment in the counter and we can see that there's actually one
EMR3UKF0fKg-00236-00189680-00190352 comment in the actual comment section if we now delete this comment boom the comment disappeared
EMR3UKF0fKg-00237-00190408-00191360 and voila the common counter also says zero and if you look at the actual ajax request which has been
EMR3UKF0fKg-00238-00191464-00192144 which has been sent by nittro you can see that just the comment list has been rendered
EMR3UKF0fKg-00239-00192144-00192720 and the comment count con the comment counter content has been rendered
EMR3UKF0fKg-00240-00193016-00193608 that's it for component events and then we might want to start looking at other
EMR3UKF0fKg-00241-00194008-00194520 features of the front end that would benefit from a facelift one of those being
EMR3UKF0fKg-00242-00194520-00196184 the the confirmation that the user gets when they want to delete a comment so right now
EMR3UKF0fKg-00243-00196296-00196800 if i want to delete a comment the code wait what
EMR3UKF0fKg-00244-00197016-00197968 what just happened oh i already checked this out but i haven't i haven't sorry about that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00245-00197968-00199112 i haven't refreshed the page so the integration was there but not there once again if i now want
EMR3UKF0fKg-00246-00199112-00199920 to delete the comment the page will ask me using the built-in window confirm that's kind of 90s i
EMR3UKF0fKg-00247-00199920-00200464 got i kind of want to get rid of that so to get rid of that let's check out the next revision
EMR3UKF0fKg-00248-00200608-00201272 and see what what happens next when i now want to delete the comment i'm presented with an
EMR3UKF0fKg-00249-00201488-00202568 customizable javascript dialog and to do that i'm gonna need to use another nittro package
EMR3UKF0fKg-00250-00202760-00203304 which sorry about that nope not relevant
EMR3UKF0fKg-00251-00203536-00204528 which is the nittro dialogues package and the nittro dialogues confirm extension if you if
EMR3UKF0fKg-00252-00204528-00205176 you if you're using a pre-built package from the nittro website you will have to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00253-00205536-00206064 make a new build at this point because by default you would probably use only this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00254-00206376-00207008 core selection now we would have to add the dialogues and not checklist the confirm extension
EMR3UKF0fKg-00255-00207184-00207871 since i'm using a gulp to build the nittro packages i would just adjust the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00256-00207944-00208248 the configuration of the gulp builder but anyway
EMR3UKF0fKg-00257-00208600-00208936 to make use of this to actually make it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00258-00208936-00209671 work on the only thing we need to do is to change the previous handler of the on click event
EMR3UKF0fKg-00259-00209823-00210496 to a data attribute asking the question we want to ask data prompt are you sure and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00260-00211064-00212008 nitro will automatically recognize this data attribute and show show a confirmation box with
EMR3UKF0fKg-00261-00212008-00212871 the question you put here and the the link will only be followed if the confirmation is actually
EMR3UKF0fKg-00262-00212871-00213776 confirmed same goes for the delete post button where we've also only changed the on click handler
EMR3UKF0fKg-00263-00213864-00214432 exchanged it for the data prompt attribute so now even the delete button here should
EMR3UKF0fKg-00264-00214432-00215232 ask us if we're sure in a prettier way than the old old native window confirm
EMR3UKF0fKg-00265-00215496-00216144 the rest of the the rest of the comment is basically there's the edited gulp file i
EMR3UKF0fKg-00266-00216144-00216488 used to build a new package that's probably not interesting right now if you're interested in
EMR3UKF0fKg-00267-00216488-00216992 building nittro yourself you can check out the nittro wiki which describes the process
EMR3UKF0fKg-00268-00217064-00217536 but the other only other thing that i've changed is the style sheets to make the dialog buttons
EMR3UKF0fKg-00269-00217648-00218223 look the way they should given the design of the page that's just cosmetics
EMR3UKF0fKg-00270-00218328-00218928 all right so now we have nice confirmation dialogues and what's next we can take a look at
EMR3UKF0fKg-00271-00219088-00219344 dynamic snippets dynamic snippets are
EMR3UKF0fKg-00272-00219536-00220248 a large topic which i don't want to get into in a great detail because that would be a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00273-00220336-00221423 presentation all by itself but let's put it that way anytime you have any repetitive
EMR3UKF0fKg-00274-00221552-00222176 listing of comments or table rows or or pictures in the gallery or stuff like that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00275-00222304-00223119 you can not only make the whole container a snippet like we did with the comments here you can
EMR3UKF0fKg-00276-00223119-00223776 make the individual entries in the list b snippets and then when you redraw the container nette will
EMR3UKF0fKg-00277-00224136-00224800 sent just the individual entries in the container as the the response snippets
EMR3UKF0fKg-00278-00224856-00225336 which we can leverage to not redraw the whole comment list
EMR3UKF0fKg-00279-00225336-00226008 when a new comment is added for instance imagine if there was like already 50 100 comments here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00280-00226008-00226984 like well i'm not gonna go into that now but let's just add one to just to see it in action
EMR3UKF0fKg-00281-00227744-00227896 and we have a comment here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00282-00228119-00228880 if i now want to add a new comment without the dynamic snippets then this and imagine
EMR3UKF0fKg-00283-00228880-00229567 this is a hundred comments would have been redrawn alongside the new comment when i i don't want that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00284-00229567-00230871 so i'm gonna make the comment list be a container for snippets which i do by adding the and dynamic
EMR3UKF0fKg-00285-00230944-00231776 lasse macro the the end dynamic let's say macro is basically a shorthand to let the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00286-00231840-00232480 nittro know what ids the snippets will have inside the container so that nittro knows that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00287-00232480-00233184 the dynamic snippets belong in this container and not anywhere else and then i would just add
EMR3UKF0fKg-00288-00233352-00233848 a data attribute telling the front end what the elements should look like because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00289-00233936-00234360 neta will only render the contents of the snippets not the wrapper elements
EMR3UKF0fKg-00290-00234456-00235128 so we need to construct those manually on the front end well nittro does that for us
EMR3UKF0fKg-00291-00235128-00235616 but it needs to know how they should what they should look like then the other thing
EMR3UKF0fKg-00292-00235616-00236152 that we've changed here is that we made the comments themselves be snippets like this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00293-00236488-00237023 and furthermore we've replaced the data transition attribute with data dynamic
EMR3UKF0fKg-00294-00237023-00237512 removed that's one of the features of of dynamic snippets on the nittro front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00295-00237664-00238312 dieter dynamic remove basically does what it sounds like it does it will remove the snippet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00296-00238408-00239280 from the page when the the the link is clicked so that's that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00297-00239432-00240296 and next up we just need to i think that's it for for the for the template is it yeah
EMR3UKF0fKg-00298-00240296-00240984 next up we just need to update the way we render the snippets on the back end so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00299-00241271-00241840 what we need to do here the the comments component was already built in a way which
EMR3UKF0fKg-00300-00241840-00242608 only loads the comments array from the model when it hasn't been set previously so what we can do
EMR3UKF0fKg-00301-00242608-00243519 when we're when we're adding a new comment we can just add the comments to the comments array
EMR3UKF0fKg-00302-00243519-00244000 which will prevent the whole comment section from being loaded from the database
EMR3UKF0fKg-00303-00244480-00245216 the only other thing we need to do here to to make this work with the delete action
EMR3UKF0fKg-00304-00245216-00245864 is we need to prevent the component the component itself from being redrawn because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00305-00245928-00246536 the delete action is actually a signal when a component in net a receives a signal it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00306-00246536-00247144 automatically gets marked as invalid which means it would have been redrawn but we don't want that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00307-00247144-00247784 because the data dynamic remove attribute will already remove the snippet on the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00308-00247888-00248504 so we only need to remove it from from the model and we need to flash a message about it as we did
EMR3UKF0fKg-00309-00248504-00249504 before but other than that the component shouldn't be rendered we could have just used get presenter
EMR3UKF0fKg-00310-00249567-00250440 sent payload here technically but the thing is if we did that then at the point we call this the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00311-00250440-00251223 whole life cycle of not just this component but the rest of the presenter and its other components
EMR3UKF0fKg-00312-00251280-00252023 will be skipped so the component counter if you recall which we integrated with this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00313-00252088-00252567 using the component events extension wouldn't be withdrawn at that point
EMR3UKF0fKg-00314-00252567-00253232 which is why we just marked the component as not redrawn and and leave it at that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00315-00253232-00254984 and now if you if you take a look what happens when i add a new comment
EMR3UKF0fKg-00316-00255208-00255632 you can see that the comment has been added there was a different transition because the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00317-00255736-00256328 the dynamic snippet has a different transition which you obviously can adjust to your needs
EMR3UKF0fKg-00318-00256328-00257008 but most importantly if you take a look at the network panel you'll see that the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00319-00257264-00257832 just the the individual comment has been rendered not the whole comment section just the just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00320-00257832-00258304 the one comment and if i now want to delete it because i find it offensive that tommy has a gun
EMR3UKF0fKg-00321-00258536-00258648 the comment is deleted
EMR3UKF0fKg-00322-00259032-00259616 and the only snippet that's redrawn is the comment counter which we can see still
EMR3UKF0fKg-00323-00259696-00260152 is telling us the right thing but the the comment section itself doesn't need to be
EMR3UKF0fKg-00324-00260152-00260623 redrawn anymore because the comment is removed by nittro on the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00325-00260928-00261696 that's it for for dynamic snippets here i'll only mention briefly that dynamic snippets actually
EMR3UKF0fKg-00326-00261808-00262056 can do a lot more complicated things than
EMR3UKF0fKg-00327-00262152-00262912 just adding a snippet at the end or removing a snippet from a container they can they can
EMR3UKF0fKg-00328-00262976-00263968 be used to manage a whole order set of of entries in a container you do this by adding several other
EMR3UKF0fKg-00329-00264112-00265048 data attributes on the on the container and then adding perhaps other data attributes or sorting
EMR3UKF0fKg-00330-00265048-00265584 options on the snippets themselves if you want to see what it looks like check out the nittro
EMR3UKF0fKg-00331-00265584-00266456 wiki it's all described there for now i think this is this is this is it for dynamic snippets next up
EMR3UKF0fKg-00332-00266592-00267360 i would like to showcase the checklist component now the checklist component is an
EMR3UKF0fKg-00333-00267360-00268120 implementation of a ux pattern that i know from audio editing software unfortunately even though
EMR3UKF0fKg-00334-00268120-00269008 it's an amazing ux pattern i i it isn't very widespread but boy i would really use this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00335-00269088-00269768 in i could use this in my gmail inbox this is this is what it looks like if i go to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00336-00270144-00270928 a post edit form there's all those tags here and if i want to select more than one normally i would
EMR3UKF0fKg-00337-00270928-00271472 have to click them one by one by one which is tedious and imagine this is your gmail inbox and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00338-00271472-00272208 you want to select all those promotions and just delete them the checklist component introduces
EMR3UKF0fKg-00339-00272352-00272680 a simple mechanism for controlling a linearly
EMR3UKF0fKg-00340-00272680-00273296 arranged set of toggles like for instance these check boxes using a drag gesture so i would
EMR3UKF0fKg-00341-00273408-00274496 drag here and drag down and they're all toggled it's smart about toggling check
EMR3UKF0fKg-00342-00274496-00275112 checkboxes that are have already been set to the value they should have been it won't touch those
EMR3UKF0fKg-00343-00275328-00276232 and that's it the reason i mean i don't other than some admin interfaces i'm not
EMR3UKF0fKg-00344-00276232-00276920 sure anybody's gonna wanna use this component but i am introducing it mostly because there's
EMR3UKF0fKg-00345-00276920-00277544 some boilerplate around it to initialize it that's to be useful for everything that you want to do
EMR3UKF0fKg-00346-00277600-00278216 with other nittro components as you can see to to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00347-00278384-00278960 introduce this i had to update the nittro build package because the the checklist
EMR3UKF0fKg-00348-00278960-00279768 component was a part of it before but that's just what you would do anyway because you would
EMR3UKF0fKg-00349-00279840-00280344 build it yourself using a gulp and you would just change one option it would just be there but other
EMR3UKF0fKg-00350-00280344-00281000 than that i need to do two things i need to first of all initialize the stack library now the stack
EMR3UKF0fKg-00351-00281000-00281800 library is a tiny piece of code sitting at the end of the nittro bundle which helps
EMR3UKF0fKg-00352-00282040-00282592 initialize inline scripts which you include in your templates
EMR3UKF0fKg-00353-00282896-00283576 after itself has been loaded because we're loading nittro using an asynchronous element
EMR3UKF0fKg-00354-00283576-00284384 which means that if there was a script here ah sorry i'm gonna have to do that here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00355-00284592-00284760 if we had a script tag here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00356-00285168-00285816 the the script may not yet have access to nittro because nittro doesn't may have may
EMR3UKF0fKg-00357-00285816-00286312 not have been loaded yet or initialized and it's the same if it's inside a component
EMR3UKF0fKg-00358-00286376-00287184 and if but but if you want to you can use the stack component like this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00359-00287504-00287776 that's in the post form template
EMR3UKF0fKg-00360-00287936-00288616 instead of writing the the code directly in the script tag you would wrap the code in a closure
EMR3UKF0fKg-00361-00288696-00289256 and you would push that closure onto the stack the stack initialization is just creating an empty
EMR3UKF0fKg-00362-00289256-00290112 array that's all it is the thing is that when nittro loads it will walk this stack in the order
EMR3UKF0fKg-00363-00290112-00290744 and it's been populated and execute all the functions that have been pushed onto it and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00364-00290744-00291416 then when they have all been executed it will monkey patch the stacks push method so that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00365-00291416-00292024 any new methods pushed onto the stack by say scripts that come from snippets that have been
EMR3UKF0fKg-00366-00292096-00292720 injected into the page later via ajax requests are executed immediately so on the initial page load
EMR3UKF0fKg-00367-00292720-00293680 this will take care of of executing the code only after nittro has finished loading but after that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00368-00293680-00294408 for all the scripts included with snippets that come later they will be executed instantly because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00369-00294464-00294984 nitrate is already ready or loaded and then there's just the piece of code to to to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00370-00295336-00295880 to initialize the checklist we don't need to get into that because because like i said you probably
EMR3UKF0fKg-00371-00296088-00296912 aren't going to use it and if you are then you can check the documentation which i'm not
EMR3UKF0fKg-00372-00296912-00297520 sure is actually up to date for the checklist component but well there's the forin any case
EMR3UKF0fKg-00373-00297640-00298384 so remember this because it's important you do want to load a nittro asynchronously
EMR3UKF0fKg-00374-00298544-00299144 part of the reason is that micro isn't really small it's about i think 150 kilobytes
EMR3UKF0fKg-00375-00299296-00299784 before gzip but anyway and then you want to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00376-00300048-00300776 initialize the stack library and push your inline inline code as as a closure on top of the stack
EMR3UKF0fKg-00377-00300976-00302024 stack array that's it for checklist and now let's let's just yeah let's see what
EMR3UKF0fKg-00378-00302240-00303200 let's say i want to do a new post and i i just have to yeah i'm i'm gonna have to yeah
EMR3UKF0fKg-00379-00303344-00304016 let's create a new post and this time let's create it with a pretty picture
EMR3UKF0fKg-00380-00304016-00304464 so let let me just grab a picture here i'm sorry
EMR3UKF0fKg-00381-00304696-00305448 grab a picture here and go to the page and oops missed it i didn't catch the the because obviously
EMR3UKF0fKg-00382-00305504-00306232 the file inputs can be dragged and dropped into but if you miss it this happens the the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00383-00306232-00306728 file you dragged into your form ends up replacing your page which doesn't really
EMR3UKF0fKg-00384-00307152-00307896 make people happy when they've already composed the content of their post or something so we can
EMR3UKF0fKg-00385-00307896-00308768 use the nittros built in drag and drop support which we will introduce in the next revision
EMR3UKF0fKg-00386-00308864-00309448 and this time i'm just going to go through it really fast because we're i think we're kind of
EMR3UKF0fKg-00387-00309448-00309976 nearing the end of the time we have but and and we still have a couple of things we want to check out
EMR3UKF0fKg-00388-00309976-00311016 but this is what it looks like refresh the page so that it gets ready and then boom there you have it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00389-00311312-00311544 the nittro's
EMR3UKF0fKg-00390-00312000-00312192 drop zone component as it's called
EMR3UKF0fKg-00391-00312424-00313576 actually just a wrapper of the built-in drag-and-drop events of the browser it doesn't
EMR3UKF0fKg-00392-00313576-00314240 itself create a user interface because obviously user interfaces are something that everybody wants
EMR3UKF0fKg-00393-00314240-00314984 to do by themselves you want to have your own style and stuff like that but at the same time you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00394-00315144-00315744 probably don't want to have to deal with the with the actual drag and drop events
EMR3UKF0fKg-00395-00315744-00316488 because trust me they're a hassle and also the drop zone component integrates with net
EMR3UKF0fKg-00396-00316488-00317256 a forms and the form validations so for example if i were to say well um
EMR3UKF0fKg-00397-00317768-00317840 let me just
EMR3UKF0fKg-00398-00319496-00320336 that if i if i now wanna drop a file that's not obvious obviously not a picture okay i may have
EMR3UKF0fKg-00399-00320336-00321016 not activated the validations yet whatever happens here the thing is that if i have some validation
EMR3UKF0fKg-00400-00321016-00322072 rules on the on the on the net a forinput nittro will the nittro drop zone will will
EMR3UKF0fKg-00401-00322072-00323024 reuse those validation those validations for the drop zone as well so for instance with the forno
EMR3UKF0fKg-00402-00323328-00323584 it's not the common forpost form
EMR3UKF0fKg-00403-00323648-00324504 it already has an image rule well i don't know what's wrong here well anyway that's drop zone
EMR3UKF0fKg-00404-00324952-00325408 just handles the the the the file being dropped and tells your script about it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00405-00325408-00326136 so that you can you can update your interface and when the form is submitted the drop zone
EMR3UKF0fKg-00406-00326136-00327152 component will take care of attaching the the the file to the ajax request as a regular multi-part
EMR3UKF0fKg-00407-00327344-00328352 post data thing thing is what you should probably check out now there's a bit of code to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00408-00328352-00328896 this this really just deals with the user interface nothing much interesting happening here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00409-00329072-00330792 but what's interesting is that if i now submit this form check it here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00410-00331024-00331664 i have the drop zone helper element in the as a direct child of the document body
EMR3UKF0fKg-00411-00331760-00332496 and if i now submit the form you can see that all the usual ajax handling has been
EMR3UKF0fKg-00412-00332496-00333480 performed as usual but the drop zone helper stayed in the page which is something that is
EMR3UKF0fKg-00413-00333480-00334040 probably going to cause hassles in the future for instance i'm not sure but maybe if i now go to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00414-00334200-00335152 edit this post and then i want to add a new element all right well works now but the thing is
EMR3UKF0fKg-00415-00335152-00336000 it shouldn't because that's maybe something that that safari handled for us because the original
EMR3UKF0fKg-00416-00336000-00336488 drop zone helper element has been a part of the document at the point in time when i've
EMR3UKF0fKg-00417-00336568-00337232 created new created a new one and appended it to the body and maybe the browser itself decided that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00418-00337232-00337760 it doesn't like two elements having the same id so it discarded the old one but usually from my
EMR3UKF0fKg-00419-00337760-00338208 experience browsers don't do this and they would just keep both elements around and they would give
EMR3UKF0fKg-00420-00338208-00338792 you a notice in the console but stuff can break later when this happens because for instance
EMR3UKF0fKg-00421-00338792-00339536 imagine if i'm appending the next element at the end of the body oh yeah they're still both there
EMR3UKF0fKg-00422-00339680-00340432 actually so maybe it won't work the way it should anyway the thing is that if i now i have both
EMR3UKF0fKg-00423-00340432-00341000 these elements here this one is the original one that's been created by the the form when
EMR3UKF0fKg-00424-00341000-00341640 i was creating this post and the other one is the one created when i came back to edit it and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00425-00341640-00342288 the thing is that if i now want to do something like query selector or get element by id drop
EMR3UKF0fKg-00426-00342288-00343112 zone i'll get the first one i won't ever get the second one any anymore and that that's obviously
EMR3UKF0fKg-00427-00343112-00343728 bad because because that old element already has event listeners attached to it which i would now
EMR3UKF0fKg-00428-00343728-00344544 reattach for the second time and the other bad thing about this is that even though we probably
EMR3UKF0fKg-00429-00344544-00345352 don't need it anymore this drop zone element from the original request or the original form has
EMR3UKF0fKg-00430-00345432-00346048 references to the drop zone component because the drop zone component has event listeners attached
EMR3UKF0fKg-00431-00346048-00346960 to it so the browser can't garbage collected not just the element but also the javascript objects
EMR3UKF0fKg-00432-00346960-00347536 that are attached to it via the event listener and whatever the event listener has closure over
EMR3UKF0fKg-00433-00347592-00349008 so we wanna we wanna take care of this and we wanna clean it up the way we do that is here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00434-00349272-00350072 the difference is in the original comment we would have just created the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00435-00350072-00350704 checklist and the overlay element and then the drop zone locally as variables within
EMR3UKF0fKg-00436-00350760-00351800 the stack push callback and now we've what we've done is we've extracted the variables and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00437-00351800-00352696 put all the rest of the setup into another closure which we passed to the setup method of
EMR3UKF0fKg-00438-00352872-00353512 the front-end object representing the actual form element
EMR3UKF0fKg-00439-00353768-00354400 and the important thing is that the snippet object representing the snip the element on the front end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00440-00354400-00355232 not only has a setup method it also has you guessed it a teardown method which is called
EMR3UKF0fKg-00441-00355232-00355960 when the element is being removed from the page or when its content is being updated by nittro
EMR3UKF0fKg-00442-00356152-00357184 and within the teardown callback we can now clean up all the stuff we made within the setup so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00443-00357552-00358584 again if i go ahead and create a new post with a nice picture
EMR3UKF0fKg-00444-00359800-00360368 boom and now you can see that the drop zone element is no longer part of the page
EMR3UKF0fKg-00445-00360368-00360480 because it's been cleaned up
EMR3UKF0fKg-00446-00360720-00361168 now you may wonder why did we get away with this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00447-00361168-00361776 with the checklist component in the previous one of the previous chapters
EMR3UKF0fKg-00448-00361896-00362456 the reason we got away with it is because the the checklist component only registers a single
EMR3UKF0fKg-00449-00362456-00363224 mouse down event listener on the container element of the of the checklist which would be
EMR3UKF0fKg-00450-00363648-00364680 this i think or or maybe yeah this this this div has a mouse down listener and other than that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00451-00364680-00365416 the the checklist component is changes nothing it doesn't touch the the document object model
EMR3UKF0fKg-00452-00365416-00366024 anywhere else and when the when the main content snippet is redrawn for instance when you submit
EMR3UKF0fKg-00453-00366024-00366776 the form the whole contents of the content are discarded meaning are including this container
EMR3UKF0fKg-00454-00366776-00367576 element and thanks to the way that the garbage collection works in javascript both the container
EMR3UKF0fKg-00455-00367576-00368112 and the event listener along with everything the event listener has closure over will be garbage
EMR3UKF0fKg-00456-00368112-00368776 collected the next time garbage collection runs contrast this with the component because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00457-00368872-00369448 it registers event listeners on the actual document element itself and it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00458-00369560-00370184 attaches a dom element outside of the content snippet and that's something that nittro doesn't
EMR3UKF0fKg-00459-00370184-00370688 know about it it has no way of knowing about it so it can't be cleaned up automatically
EMR3UKF0fKg-00460-00370792-00371744 not by nittro and not by garbage collection and the reason that we included the checklist
EMR3UKF0fKg-00461-00371744-00372456 components cleanup when we've updated the drop zone screen up is well it's basically just good
EMR3UKF0fKg-00462-00372456-00372976 manners to clean up after your scripts when they're leaving the page so i highly recommend
EMR3UKF0fKg-00463-00372976-00373856 you do it but yeah there are some scenarios when you can be sure you don't need to clean up
EMR3UKF0fKg-00464-00373856-00374616 because the cleanup will happen automatically courtesy of a courtesy of garbage collection
EMR3UKF0fKg-00465-00375112-00375776 and now the last thing that i want to introduce we've already touched the point a little
EMR3UKF0fKg-00466-00375776-00376856 not intentionally or not not not it's fully in its full extent but it's dialogues so we now have
EMR3UKF0fKg-00467-00376968-00377984 sorry we now have a full page for the for the new post form or and then for the edit post form
EMR3UKF0fKg-00468-00377984-00378704 and maybe we don't want to have a full page maybe we just have a nice a modal dialogue open
EMR3UKF0fKg-00469-00378856-00379992 open over the page and edit the post there and go back like this nittro i mean this is this is
EMR3UKF0fKg-00470-00379992-00380744 the base on which the the confirm extension is built the confirm extension just really
EMR3UKF0fKg-00471-00380808-00381432 displays a small dialogue with two buttons but the dialogues themselves are capable of much more
EMR3UKF0fKg-00472-00381432-00382328 including rendering snippets and the integration for that isn't even really that hard because like
EMR3UKF0fKg-00473-00382328-00383296 i said it's part of the built-in handling snippets is built into the dialog components so if you have
EMR3UKF0fKg-00474-00383296-00384032 a nittro package which includes the dialogues component all you need to do is add a couple
EMR3UKF0fKg-00475-00384032-00384952 of data attributes and the dialog form macro this this this latte macro will translate the the two
EMR3UKF0fKg-00476-00385032-00385968 parts of the the the content string to some ids that are then used in as part of the the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00477-00386672-00387272 the payload that gets sent from the server when the the request is handled via ajax and it tells
EMR3UKF0fKg-00478-00387272-00388176 nittro basically this tells nittro hey there will be a dialogue called post and its content will be
EMR3UKF0fKg-00479-00388176-00388864 the content snippet and the reason that we you're not writing just the data attribute here is that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00480-00388992-00389744 the the the macro will prefix this properly for the component in which this in which it is used
EMR3UKF0fKg-00481-00389744-00390504 so it will be a prefixed the the snippets name will be prefixed with snippet
EMR3UKF0fKg-00482-00390560-00391440 dash path to the component dash content and the the the dialog name will be prefixed similarly
EMR3UKF0fKg-00483-00391440-00392232 with dlg dash path to component dash name of dialog other than that we just add the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00484-00392232-00392896 described data attributes data history and data transition because when we're opening the the the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00485-00393072-00393984 the new post editor in a dialogue it doesn't make sense to either create a new history entry or
EMR3UKF0fKg-00486-00394048-00395000 transition the page content because obviously the new sin since we have this the data attributes
EMR3UKF0fKg-00487-00395000-00395976 generated by the latte macro nittro already knows that there will be a dialogue [ __ ] opening from
EMR3UKF0fKg-00488-00395976-00396896 the requests created by clicking this link so even before the the request is loaded it's already
EMR3UKF0fKg-00489-00396896-00397368 starting the animation to show the dialogue and once once the request finishes loading
EMR3UKF0fKg-00490-00397368-00398056 the dialog is populated with the snippet it's the with the designated snippet and and opened
EMR3UKF0fKg-00491-00398288-00398504 the same thing we did
EMR3UKF0fKg-00492-00399072-00399792 the same thing we did for the new post button we're gonna do for the edit post button that's
EMR3UKF0fKg-00493-00399792-00400224 exactly the same thing that we did at the other place and the only other thing that we
EMR3UKF0fKg-00494-00400224-00401120 need to do in the templates is add the end dialogue macro on the actual form because
EMR3UKF0fKg-00495-00401520-00402376 when the form is submitted from within the dialogue the if we didn't include this macro the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00496-00402376-00402880 dialog itself would be closed because that's the default behavior when you make a new request
EMR3UKF0fKg-00497-00402880-00403640 outside out of an open dialogue the dialogue is closed and destroyed but with a form this might
EMR3UKF0fKg-00498-00403640-00404272 not be the behavior we want because if we then have some server-side validation which fails
EMR3UKF0fKg-00499-00404472-00404992 the the validation messages would have nowhere to be rendered because the dialogue and the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00500-00404992-00405536 whole form along with it would have already been destroyed that's why we include this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00501-00405536-00406648 macro on the form itself which basically says all right when i'm submitted inside a dialogue
EMR3UKF0fKg-00502-00406904-00407544 the keep the dialogue around and replace the content of the dialogue with the snippet called
EMR3UKF0fKg-00503-00407544-00408256 content and then we update the handling of this in the in the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00504-00408856-00408984 the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00505-00410296-00411296 just content same thing for for edits and then we need to tell the front end when we've had
EMR3UKF0fKg-00506-00411296-00411935 when we've handled the form submission and everything is well we need to tell the front
EMR3UKF0fKg-00507-00411935-00412824 end that the should be closed if we run into validation messages or evaluation errors or some
EMR3UKF0fKg-00508-00412824-00413464 other thing that should cause the form to stay open here we just wouldn't call this this method
EMR3UKF0fKg-00509-00413464-00414128 and we would just redraw the content snippet and render the appropriate template but since
EMR3UKF0fKg-00510-00414128-00415016 the the safe post method here doesn't really care about validation and stuff because this is just a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00511-00415016-00415816 really simplified example we can just go ahead and just close the dialog like this what this actually
EMR3UKF0fKg-00512-00415816-00416664 does is again it just adds a piece of information into the payload that gets sent from the back end
EMR3UKF0fKg-00513-00416664-00417480 when the the request is being the response is being served so now if i'm making a new post
EMR3UKF0fKg-00514-00417880-00418047 notice that drag and drop still works
EMR3UKF0fKg-00515-00418216-00418784 which one is this i already have that no no no ah that's the one i want
EMR3UKF0fKg-00516-00420016-00420224 when i now want to submit this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00517-00420464-00421064 it's been submitted the dialogue has been closed and destroyed and we've been redirected
EMR3UKF0fKg-00518-00421064-00421584 as we should have been obviously the same will work when i'm already editing a post
EMR3UKF0fKg-00519-00422135-00422288 boom there done
EMR3UKF0fKg-00520-00422504-00423328 so i think that's it we've gone we went through the whole demo project the the that's really
EMR3UKF0fKg-00521-00423328-00424135 all there is if you i mean this was supposed to really just give you an idea of the things that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00522-00424135-00425039 are built into nittro we can also take a look here because the download page lists all the
EMR3UKF0fKg-00523-00425039-00425728 components that nittro has we've already talked about checklist dialogues confirm and drop zone
EMR3UKF0fKg-00524-00425728-00426456 the on top of those i would like to mention also the paginator component component which
EMR3UKF0fKg-00525-00426552-00427543 takes care of basically infinite loading and the keymap component which you can use to manage
EMR3UKF0fKg-00526-00427543-00428424 keyboard shortcuts in a layered manner like you would have if you have a complex page or a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00527-00428424-00428976 an app where there's a basic view but then you can open a dialog on top of that view
EMR3UKF0fKg-00528-00428976-00429592 and a dialogue from within that dialogue and maybe i don't know whatever else then
EMR3UKF0fKg-00529-00429720-00430176 each of those things may need a different set of keyboard shortcuts if you want to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00530-00430176-00431000 implement them and the keymap component makes that easier because you just create a layers
EMR3UKF0fKg-00531-00431064-00432104 of key mappings and then you activate those layers when you need them and deactivate them
EMR3UKF0fKg-00532-00432104-00433135 when they become relevant again but the thing is that the the the key shortcuts can be can kind of
EMR3UKF0fKg-00533-00433504-00434152 extend the previously like you have the bottom layer where you have a couple of shortcuts that
EMR3UKF0fKg-00534-00434152-00434672 should work always globally and then you open a dialogue on top of it and the dialogue should have
EMR3UKF0fKg-00535-00434904-00435639 to confirm and cancel respectively so you would just add a new layer in the key map which would
EMR3UKF0fKg-00536-00435639-00436360 handle those keys and in fact the keymap component has a built-in integration with the dialogues
EMR3UKF0fKg-00537-00436360-00437056 component and the confirm component so that's instance for instance the confirm component if you
EMR3UKF0fKg-00538-00437056-00437704 already have if you have the confirm component and the keymap component installed in your bundle
EMR3UKF0fKg-00539-00437776-00438776 then confirms will by default be have the enter key bound to confirm and the key bound to cancel
EMR3UKF0fKg-00540-00439039-00439568 and then there's there's storage which is just i i don't really use that anymore even
EMR3UKF0fKg-00541-00439632-00440272 it's a wrapper on top of local storage storage and routing wrapping this may be interesting if
EMR3UKF0fKg-00542-00440272-00441224 you don't want to write component specific code within the components template i know some people
EMR3UKF0fKg-00543-00441224-00441864 are adverse to having inline scripts in the page even though it's i think
EMR3UKF0fKg-00544-00441864-00442576 perfectly safe as long as you include the proper the proper content security policy and a nuns
EMR3UKF0fKg-00545-00442647-00443256 which nittro supports by default if you if you use the nette
EMR3UKF0fKg-00546-00443872-00443943 uh
EMR3UKF0fKg-00547-00443943-00444184 where where do we get show this
EMR3UKF0fKg-00548-00444400-00444712 presenters here
EMR3UKF0fKg-00549-00445216-00445464 if you if you use the netace built in
EMR3UKF0fKg-00550-00445688-00446576 nonce macro in your templates to include a nonce in the script tag then a nittro will be able to
EMR3UKF0fKg-00551-00446576-00447112 handle that according to your content security policy out of the box without any configuration
EMR3UKF0fKg-00552-00447112-00447743 needed but if you're still adverse to including inline codes in your inner templates i i get it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00553-00447816-00448472 you can then make use of the routing component which includes both a traditional
EMR3UKF0fKg-00554-00448472-00449247 url router which you can use similarly to the router you use in nette on the back end but it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00555-00449247-00449960 also includes what i call a dom router which is a router when which roads based on css selectors so
EMR3UKF0fKg-00556-00450016-00450735 it would trigger when an element matching a selector appears on a page and that's basically it
EMR3UKF0fKg-00557-00450880-00451880 again you can build a custom nittro package using this online builder without needing to install a
EMR3UKF0fKg-00558-00451880-00452616 gulp and having to figure out the gulp file and stuff like that it will work and it's probably
EMR3UKF0fKg-00559-00452616-00453528 okay for checking nittro out but i really do recommend you check out the nittro builder which
EMR3UKF0fKg-00560-00453992-00454520 the gulp builder especially which allows you to build nittro on the back end and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00561-00454616-00455304 bundle all of your other scripts and style sheets into the package in in one go
EMR3UKF0fKg-00562-00455600-00456456 i'm this is the like the the wiki i mean there is some stuff that's that hasn't been updated for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00563-00456456-00457168 version two yet but most of these things are the same and they they they're not not
EMR3UKF0fKg-00564-00457312-00457592 really things that you're going to want to integrate with anyway directly
EMR3UKF0fKg-00565-00458135-00458904 yeah i'm getting bumps from the guys that we're supposed to finish now
EMR3UKF0fKg-00566-00459343-00459735 or maybe we have we are supposed to finish some time ago i'd like to thank you guys for
EMR3UKF0fKg-00567-00459735-00460232 watching if you're still with me if you're not then sorry i know it's been long and
EMR3UKF0fKg-00568-00460232-00460728 probably boring i'm kind of a talkative guy and i don't know when to stop
EMR3UKF0fKg-00569-00460728-00461504 i'm stopping now and it's been really nice to see you bye-bye i guess