5k_87RK749c-00000-00000043-00000221 buenosis
5k_87RK749c-00001-00000222-00000815 ten hours ago eighty thousand dead
5k_87RK749c-00002-00000816-00001097 Ground Zero was the urinext exchange
5k_87RK749c-00003-00001098-00001277 how's it feel
5k_87RK749c-00004-00001278-00001499 you think I wanted this
5k_87RK749c-00005-00001500-00001684 you oga guys are even more [__] up
5k_87RK749c-00006-00001685-00001859 than I'd heard you were I'm trying to
5k_87RK749c-00007-00001860-00002057 stop this from happening in New York who
5k_87RK749c-00008-00002058-00002375 do you think did it Sergeant the plr and
5k_87RK749c-00009-00002376-00002591 Solomon well the blast yield matches
5k_87RK749c-00010-00002592-00002915 Russian suitcase nuke specs we put Dima
5k_87RK749c-00011-00002916-00003208 in country at the same time do you know
5k_87RK749c-00012-00003209-00003431 how that looks demo was trying to stop
5k_87RK749c-00013-00003432-00003593 it the Paris Newton must have been one
5k_87RK749c-00014-00003594-00003820 of the missing ones [__] then what
5k_87RK749c-00015-00003821-00004115 didn't you still let it happen sergeant
5k_87RK749c-00016-00004116-00004486 go back in time to the bank
5k_87RK749c-00017-00004487-00004859 you said the Paris nuke links to the
5k_87RK749c-00018-00004860-00005177 bank can't beat demon can't be I am
5k_87RK749c-00019-00005178-00005417 waiting
5k_87RK749c-00020-00005418-00005795 I sent out a distress call Anvil 3 part
5k_87RK749c-00021-00005796-00006029 of Charlie Company First Tax they came
5k_87RK749c-00022-00006030-00006172 to get us
5k_87RK749c-00023-00006173-00006700 Miller came to get us
5k_87RK749c-00024-00006701-00008621 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00026-00014556-00014753 level four
5k_87RK749c-00027-00014754-00015155 we're good to go
5k_87RK749c-00028-00015156-00015425 okay with redcon one
5k_87RK749c-00029-00015426-00016764 individually
5k_87RK749c-00030-00016765-00019519 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00031-00019520-00020543 closing it fast
5k_87RK749c-00033-00024918-00025547 Target identify last game
5k_87RK749c-00034-00025548-00025900 get the [__] out of here
5k_87RK749c-00035-00025901-00028120 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00036-00028122-00028402 I don't know Miller switched to Thermal
5k_87RK749c-00037-00028404-00028645 View
5k_87RK749c-00038-00028647-00031396 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00039-00031397-00033759 still operational
5k_87RK749c-00040-00033760-00035285 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00041-00035286-00035893 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00042-00035894-00036161 3-1 that rocket battery is your primary
5k_87RK749c-00043-00036162-00036359 target
5k_87RK749c-00044-00036360-00036605 Roger and will actual standing by for
5k_87RK749c-00045-00036606-00037018 gun run
5k_87RK749c-00046-00037019-00037522 okay Miller where's the target
5k_87RK749c-00047-00037523-00039389 [Applause]
5k_87RK749c-00048-00039390-00039761 over
5k_87RK749c-00049-00039762-00040055 Roger that 3-1 will advise Ultra 3-4 and
5k_87RK749c-00050-00040056-00040246 Source alternate for immediate re-attack
5k_87RK749c-00051-00040247-00040409 break
5k_87RK749c-00052-00040410-00040624 Anvil actual might have to pick up the
5k_87RK749c-00053-00040625-00040780 ball on this and adjust to attack the
5k_87RK749c-00054-00040781-00041731 BDM position out
5k_87RK749c-00055-00041732-00043018 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00056-00043019-00045587 is three two down
5k_87RK749c-00057-00045588-00046396 continuous
5k_87RK749c-00058-00046397-00046493 inside
5k_87RK749c-00059-00046494-00047514 let's go
5k_87RK749c-00060-00047515-00049973 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00061-00049974-00051498 together
5k_87RK749c-00062-00051499-00052853 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00063-00052854-00053015 secondary
5k_87RK749c-00064-00053016-00053287 oh [__] that [__]
5k_87RK749c-00065-00053288-00054316 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00066-00054317-00055726 [__] a Miller
5k_87RK749c-00067-00055727-00056542 Rogers mission
5k_87RK749c-00068-00056544-00058325 better little Sabo
5k_87RK749c-00069-00058326-00059225 .com
5k_87RK749c-00070-00059226-00059711 there we go
5k_87RK749c-00071-00059712-00059891 don't go Josh
5k_87RK749c-00072-00059891-00060388 watch your spacing
5k_87RK749c-00074-00064322-00066676 to the left
5k_87RK749c-00075-00066677-00067282 oh [__] fire fire
5k_87RK749c-00076-00067283-00069943 dude
5k_87RK749c-00077-00069944-00070475 we're taking fire
5k_87RK749c-00079-00073650-00074729 keep fire seek fire
5k_87RK749c-00082-00083136-00083315 jumping up my head
5k_87RK749c-00083-00083316-00084323 what is it
5k_87RK749c-00084-00084324-00084781 transport
5k_87RK749c-00085-00084782-00085582 is a war going on
5k_87RK749c-00087-00088806-00089966 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00088-00089967-00092062 [Applause]
5k_87RK749c-00089-00092063-00094979 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00090-00094980-00096434 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00091-00096435-00096744 [Applause]
5k_87RK749c-00092-00096745-00098453 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00093-00098454-00099650 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00094-00099651-00101411 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00095-00101412-00102231 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00096-00102232-00103440 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00097-00103441-00104969 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00098-00104970-00107074 drinking fire yeah
5k_87RK749c-00099-00107075-00108078 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00100-00108079-00108328 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00101-00108329-00108528 foreign
5k_87RK749c-00102-00108529-00110541 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00103-00110542-00112115 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00104-00112116-00113573 vehicle hey in the gas station
5k_87RK749c-00105-00113574-00114478 s
5k_87RK749c-00106-00114479-00116218 come on
5k_87RK749c-00107-00116219-00116915 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00108-00116916-00117471 down
5k_87RK749c-00109-00117472-00118325 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00110-00118326-00119448 Texas
5k_87RK749c-00111-00119449-00120808 [Music]
5k_87RK749c-00112-00120809-00122104 his car
5k_87RK749c-00113-00122105-00123510 inbound
5k_87RK749c-00114-00123511-00124495 RPG 10 o'clock
5k_87RK749c-00115-00124496-00124733 keep fire
5k_87RK749c-00116-00124733-00125140 Miller advanced
5k_87RK749c-00117-00125141-00125251 level
5k_87RK749c-00118-00125252-00126413 66. the game
5k_87RK749c-00119-00126414-00126722 I wonder what's going on
5mN1-V7bZOk-00000-00005921-00007083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00001-00007084-00007501 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00002-00007502-00007919 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00003-00007920-00008713 on a friday night yet
5mN1-V7bZOk-00004-00008714-00009574 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00005-00009575-00010451 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00006-00010452-00011351 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00007-00011352-00012910 stop asking the only thing he knows
5mN1-V7bZOk-00008-00012911-00014271 there's a million different things
5mN1-V7bZOk-00009-00014272-00015199 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00010-00015200-00015625 and live forever
5mN1-V7bZOk-00011-00015626-00016883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00012-00016884-00017113 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00013-00017114-00018283 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00014-00018284-00020919 me
5mN1-V7bZOk-00015-00020920-00021314 like a man on stairs
5mN1-V7bZOk-00016-00021315-00023158 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00017-00023159-00024341 follow the flowers
5mN1-V7bZOk-00018-00024342-00025104 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00019-00025105-00025702 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00020-00025704-00026806 on the outside
5mN1-V7bZOk-00021-00026807-00028083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00022-00028083-00029135 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00023-00029136-00029920 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00024-00029920-00030883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00025-00030883-00031164 sir
5mN1-V7bZOk-00026-00031164-00032087 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00027-00032088-00033407 i just can't control that
5mN1-V7bZOk-00028-00033408-00034118 with me
5mN1-V7bZOk-00029-00034119-00036711 imma take it with me
5mN1-V7bZOk-00030-00036712-00038862 knock me down
5mN1-V7bZOk-00032-00042680-00044590 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00033-00044591-00045041 on a friday
5mN1-V7bZOk-00034-00045042-00046735 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00035-00046736-00047683 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00036-00047684-00047845 ah
5mN1-V7bZOk-00037-00047846-00049390 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00038-00049391-00050998 give a little
5mN1-V7bZOk-00039-00050999-00051463 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00040-00051464-00053383 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00041-00053384-00054767 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00042-00054769-00057482 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00043-00057483-00057633 do
5mN1-V7bZOk-00044-00057634-00060163 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00045-00060164-00060282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00046-00060283-00061217 hey
5mN1-V7bZOk-00047-00061219-00061682 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00048-00061683-00062035 ah
5mN1-V7bZOk-00049-00062036-00063750 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00050-00063751-00065882 on a friday
5mN1-V7bZOk-00051-00065883-00066953 right
5mN1-V7bZOk-00052-00066954-00067282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00053-00067283-00067423 uh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00054-00067424-00068858 two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00055-00068859-00071062 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00056-00071063-00072882 three two
5mN1-V7bZOk-00057-00072883-00073461 so
5mN1-V7bZOk-00058-00073462-00074282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00059-00074283-00074726 uh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00060-00074727-00076048 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00061-00076049-00077082 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00062-00077083-00077503 hey
5mN1-V7bZOk-00063-00077504-00078761 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00064-00078762-00079882 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00065-00079883-00080022 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00066-00080023-00081282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00067-00081283-00081759 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00068-00081760-00082682 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00069-00082683-00082982 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00070-00082983-00083601 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00071-00083602-00083733 [Applause]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00072-00083734-00084082 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00073-00084083-00084424 one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00074-00084425-00086233 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00075-00086234-00087183 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00076-00087184-00088282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00077-00088283-00088867 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00078-00088868-00089682 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00079-00089683-00092482 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00080-00092483-00093908 me
5mN1-V7bZOk-00081-00093909-00096682 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00082-00096683-00097253 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00083-00097254-00098082 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00084-00098083-00098795 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00085-00098796-00100882 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00086-00100883-00101275 cheers
5mN1-V7bZOk-00087-00101276-00102282 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00088-00102283-00102469 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00089-00102470-00103415 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00090-00103416-00104413 let's get down
5mN1-V7bZOk-00091-00104414-00105083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00092-00105083-00105318 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00093-00105319-00106555 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00094-00106556-00107883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00095-00107883-00109086 hey
5mN1-V7bZOk-00096-00109088-00109575 you want to
5mN1-V7bZOk-00097-00109576-00110511 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00098-00110513-00111329 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00099-00111330-00112083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00100-00112083-00112231 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00101-00112232-00113483 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00102-00113483-00114360 hey
5mN1-V7bZOk-00103-00114361-00114883 [Laughter]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00104-00114883-00115721 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00106-00119088-00119740 wait a minute
5mN1-V7bZOk-00107-00119741-00120984 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00108-00120985-00121419 [Applause]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00109-00121420-00121883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00110-00121883-00123151 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00111-00123152-00123796 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00112-00123797-00124054 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00113-00124055-00125866 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00114-00125867-00126560 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00115-00126561-00127768 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00116-00127769-00128883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00117-00128883-00129038 foreign
5mN1-V7bZOk-00118-00129039-00129909 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00119-00129910-00130283 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00120-00130283-00130794 oh
5mN1-V7bZOk-00121-00130795-00131683 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00122-00131684-00131985 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00123-00131986-00133083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00124-00133084-00133686 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00125-00133687-00134637 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00126-00134638-00135883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00127-00135884-00137283 yes
5mN1-V7bZOk-00128-00137284-00138683 daddy
5mN1-V7bZOk-00129-00138684-00138800 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00130-00138801-00139549 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00131-00139550-00140083 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00132-00140084-00140615 is
5mN1-V7bZOk-00133-00140616-00142883 [Music]
5mN1-V7bZOk-00134-00142884-00143463 it's
5mN1-V7bZOk-00135-00143464-00146375 three two one
5mN1-V7bZOk-00136-00146376-00146584 you
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00000-00000045-00000326 chicken fried bacon consists of bacon
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00001-00000327-00000521 strips dredged in batter and deep fried
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00002-00000522-00000773 like chicken-fried steak it is an
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00003-00000774-00000958 American dish that was introduced in
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00004-00000959-00001291 Texas in the early 1990s Frank sadha
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00005-00001292-00001514 lack of soda lacks original country in
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00006-00001515-00001745 in snook Texas states that he invented
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00007-00001746-00001976 the dish however a similar recipe in the
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00008-00001977-00002207 Louisiana cookery cookbook by Mary land
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00009-00002208-00002447 uses salt pork the bacon of its day it
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00010-00002448-00002723 is usually served as an appetizer with
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00011-00002724-00002942 cream gravy or sausage gravy for dipping
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00012-00002943-00003515 and sauce
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00013-00003515-00003881 topic notoriety
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00014-00003882-00004038 you
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00015-00004039-00004302 so de Lacs version of the dish acquired
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00016-00004303-00004503 enough of a reputation to be featured in
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00017-00004504-00004728 Texas comedian John Kelso's Texas
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00018-00004729-00005055 curiosities the entry states that things
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00019-00005056-00005253 are not only bigger in Texas
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00020-00005254-00005535 their grease here and that it's hard to
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00021-00005536-00005859 imagine a more artery-clogging food soda
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00022-00005860-00006078 lacks version serves six strips of bacon
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00023-00006079-00006306 battered and fried with a bowl of cream
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00024-00006307-00006357 gravy
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00025-00006358-00006606 he and his restaurant were featured on a
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00026-00006606-00006843 Texas Country reporter episode the web
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00027-00006844-00007014 video has been watched hundreds of
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00028-00007015-00007664 thousands of times on YouTube
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00029-00007665-00008183 topic versions
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00030-00008184-00008459 chicken fried bacon made by Glen Cusack
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00031-00008460-00008653 of South Texas won the Big Tex Choice
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00032-00008654-00008930 Award for best taste in the 2008 State
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00033-00008931-00009245 Fair of Texas in Dallas in recent years
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00034-00009246-00009421 the dish has made its way across America
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00035-00009422-00009649 and it is served in Chicago at the risk
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00036-00009650-00009959 a cafe in Lakeview the risque cafes
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00037-00009960-00010283 version of country fried bacon is served
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00038-00010284-00010474 with white gravy and sells for six
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00039-00010475-00010730 dollars it is prepared using an egg wash
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00040-00010731-00010937 dredged in heavily peppered flour and
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00041-00010938-00011209 deep fried in vegetable oil the café's
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00042-00011210-00011471 chef Andrew Niemeyer said he played
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00043-00011472-00011755 around with the idea while a student of
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00044-00011756-00011969 the cooking and hospitality Institute of
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00045-00011970-00012728 Chicago he graduated in 2005
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00046-00012729-00013037 topic health issues
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00047-00013038-00013272 you
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00048-00013274-00013528 since the dish is rich in saturated fat
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00049-00013529-00013732 the majority of health experts who favor
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00050-00013733-00013954 low fat diets suggest consuming it in
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00051-00013955-00014254 moderation or not at all Sally Squires
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00052-00014255-00014391 of The Washington Post
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00053-00014393-00014560 acknowledged chicken-fried Bacon's
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00054-00014561-00014740 appeal to the palate that suggests
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00055-00014741-00015034 moderation other experts note the dishes
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00056-00015035-00015265 low nutritional benefits they've taken
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00057-00015266-00015325 fat
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00058-00015326-00015519 they've double coated it in fat they
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00059-00015521-00015715 fried it in more fat and then they've
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00060-00015716-00016041 served it with a side order of fat jane
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00061-00016043-00016276 hurley senior nutritionist at the Center
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00062-00016277-00016459 for Science in the Public Interest in
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00063-00016460-00016711 Washington DC stated she's never heard
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00064-00016712-00017312 of anything worse
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00065-00017313-00017851 topic see also
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00066-00017852-00018258 bacon explosion chicken-fried steak
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00067-00018259-00018550 chocolate-covered bacon list of
6o3Bq3FQBdY-00068-00018551-00018838 deep-fried foods
6oUBmjB65JI-00000-00000000-00001877 foreign
6oUBmjB65JI-00001-00001878-00002995 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00002-00002996-00004555 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00003-00004556-00007323 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00004-00007323-00008303 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00005-00008304-00008376 foreign
6oUBmjB65JI-00006-00008377-00009868 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00007-00009869-00011785 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00008-00011786-00012010 thank you
6oUBmjB65JI-00009-00012011-00012328 [Music]
6oUBmjB65JI-00010-00012329-00013779 laughs
6oUBmjB65JI-00011-00013780-00014738 [Applause]
6oUBmjB65JI-00012-00014740-00017015 [Music]
6oYdKrIcapy-00000-00000000-00000347 wrestling this time hello so I'm here
6oYdKrIcapy-00001-00000348-00000611 that's insane johnson park I'm feeling
6oYdKrIcapy-00002-00000612-00000908 my films to his cosmic film and this
6oYdKrIcapy-00003-00000909-00001091 news auto-tune shot and supposed to be
6oYdKrIcapy-00004-00001092-00001573 like a busted me a film I can 15 rated
6oYdKrIcapy-00005-00001574-00001889 film based in the water first I'm
6oYdKrIcapy-00006-00001889-00002240 sausage every creep in total block which
6oYdKrIcapy-00007-00002241-00002390 they really creepy place at the moment
6oYdKrIcapy-00008-00002391-00002833 cuz Sarah and you know it's raining oh I
6oYdKrIcapy-00009-00002834-00003038 saw a couple of rottweilers but I don't
6oYdKrIcapy-00010-00003039-00003131 think they were really interested in me
6oYdKrIcapy-00011-00003132-00003311 so I just solve walked away I didn't
6oYdKrIcapy-00012-00003311-00003440 come in the dark I cuz you know you're
6oYdKrIcapy-00013-00003440-00003728 not supposed to come in the eye um yeah
6oYdKrIcapy-00014-00003729-00004070 so I thought I just like has no happy
6oYdKrIcapy-00015-00004071-00004433 new year yeah um that's all right how
6oYdKrIcapy-00016-00004434-00004619 can you call by the way this is mine you
6oYdKrIcapy-00017-00004620-00005009 call a problem is with this coal i
6oYdKrIcapy-00018-00005010-00005300 ordered it from amazon and wept under
6oYdKrIcapy-00019-00005301-00005554 you know the link to said they make in
6oYdKrIcapy-00020-00005555-00005722 china / to give it your face in England
6oYdKrIcapy-00021-00005723-00005920 so I thought is one of those know things
6oYdKrIcapy-00022-00005921-00006532 you know stops to Utah they give the day
6oYdKrIcapy-00023-00006533-00006758 you know all the clothes from China can
6oYdKrIcapy-00024-00006759-00006889 meet their hand then get in the place
6oYdKrIcapy-00025-00006890-00007208 but turns out this was a ship based in
6oYdKrIcapy-00026-00007209-00007502 China and the size wrong so this you
6oYdKrIcapy-00027-00007503-00007988 know this uh this Cove is really small
6oYdKrIcapy-00028-00007989-00008414 on me I think i mighta just in the
6oYdKrIcapy-00029-00008415-00008533 film when you watch across the street
6oYdKrIcapy-00030-00008534-00008855 sorry the mic is gonna be now the mikey
6oYdKrIcapy-00031-00008856-00009083 is gonna be rubbish yes I just hold my
6oYdKrIcapy-00032-00009084-00009349 phone and stuff um you know what I
6oYdKrIcapy-00033-00009350-00009685 probably finish this vlog in my house
6oYdKrIcapy-00034-00009686-00009926 when I'm editing something because it's
6oYdKrIcapy-00035-00009927-00010202 really creepy and I saw a man following
6oYdKrIcapy-00036-00010203-00010709 me with something uh yeah so now Tony
6oYdKrIcapy-00037-00010710-00011092 home doing some shots there and for the
6oYdKrIcapy-00038-00011093-00011591 CSF to ya boy for now so basically guys
6oYdKrIcapy-00039-00011592-00011914 the plan was to film and storing you
6oYdKrIcapy-00040-00011915-00012181 home some I'm kind of like next to my or
6oYdKrIcapy-00041-00012182-00012545 primary school but um I can't film here
6oYdKrIcapy-00042-00012546-00012871 because the construction site I checked
6oYdKrIcapy-00043-00012872-00013463 before this sort of lock the key um yeah
6oYdKrIcapy-00044-00013463-00013793 which is a be annoying cuz like I don't
6oYdKrIcapy-00045-00013794-00013919 really have time to ask for permission
6oYdKrIcapy-00046-00013919-00014207 for them to allow me to film in there
6oYdKrIcapy-00047-00014208-00014444 for student film and stuff three
6oYdKrIcapy-00048-00014444-00014888 annoying um and last I want to check the
6oYdKrIcapy-00049-00014888-00015222 gate was open and yours and one those
6oYdKrIcapy-00050-00015223-00015622 places where you'd it will look like a
6oYdKrIcapy-00051-00015623-00015785 gay that you needed to ask permission
6oYdKrIcapy-00052-00015786-00015944 further it just looks like an open field
6oYdKrIcapy-00053-00015944-00016358 let's go fish can tell their stuff yeah
6oYdKrIcapy-00054-00016359-00016630 I'll start raining so i probably have to
6oYdKrIcapy-00055-00016631-00016985 go back now back home yeah see you guys
6oYdKrIcapy-00056-00016986-00017422 my house hello salty sure my comment how
6oYdKrIcapy-00057-00017423-00017608 you guys doing so today risky I've
6oYdKrIcapy-00058-00017609-00017875 filmed outsiders cuz can see and happy
6oYdKrIcapy-00059-00017876-00018271 new years with me happy new years day
6oYdKrIcapy-00060-00018272-00018524 today I think already said that today
6oYdKrIcapy-00061-00018525-00018775 well you know 40 again so I came back
6oYdKrIcapy-00062-00018776-00018902 from filming outside i was filming
6oYdKrIcapy-00063-00018903-00019069 install new home but then it got too
6oYdKrIcapy-00064-00019070-00019328 dark and that place I was telling you
6oYdKrIcapy-00065-00019329-00019583 about we got shipped out and stuff which
6oYdKrIcapy-00066-00019584-00019754 is kind of really annoying but anyways
6oYdKrIcapy-00067-00019755-00020044 um the main reason why are just sort of
6oYdKrIcapy-00068-00020045-00020228 hard to make the ending on this video is
6oYdKrIcapy-00069-00020229-00020435 just to say I've got a few more
6oYdKrIcapy-00070-00020436-00020644 subscribers now I think I kind of the 15
6oYdKrIcapy-00071-00020645-00020872 is something subscribe that is all
6oYdKrIcapy-00072-00020873-00021071 thanks to my jingle bells I'm going to
6oYdKrIcapy-00073-00021072-00021319 party video so to all those new viewers
6oYdKrIcapy-00074-00021320-00021533 and subscribers thank you you know means
6oYdKrIcapy-00075-00021534-00021725 a lot I to those that want state and
6oYdKrIcapy-00076-00021726-00021905 click on the annotation here and the
6oYdKrIcapy-00077-00021906-00022064 opening a new enjoyed watching that we
6oYdKrIcapy-00078-00022065-00022280 know for now I'm just saying as no I'm
6oYdKrIcapy-00079-00022281-00022532 filming my country's corporate film so
6oYdKrIcapy-00080-00022533-00022705 that's been taking a while
6oYdKrIcapy-00081-00022706-00022897 going to film tomorrow as well meet Joe
6oYdKrIcapy-00082-00022898-00023134 which I made a video before with him so
6oYdKrIcapy-00083-00023135-00023314 I'll link you his channel or down below
6oYdKrIcapy-00084-00023315-00023536 in the description and Butch watch
6oYdKrIcapy-00085-00023537-00023750 sherlock she locks on today if you like
6oYdKrIcapy-00086-00023751-00023950 my videos please comment like and
6oYdKrIcapy-00087-00023951-00024116 subscribe check my other videos out
6oYdKrIcapy-00088-00024117-00024478 click on subscribe button below look
6oYdKrIcapy-00089-00024479-00024805 come from my stomach is really food yeah
6oYdKrIcapy-00090-00024806-00025696 love is a pigeon door oh yeah i forgot
6oYdKrIcapy-00091-00025697-00026044 to say I'm here is I show the preview of
6oYdKrIcapy-00092-00026045-00026432 my film studies caustic film the auras
6oYdKrIcapy-00093-00026433-00027889 Oracle enjoy
6oYdKrIcapy-00094-00027891-00028789 you
6oYdKrIcapy-00095-00028791-00028997 you
64c73hdDgog-00000-00000171-00000794 [Music]
64c73hdDgog-00001-00000795-00000943 [Music]
64c73hdDgog-00002-00000944-00001357 so
64c73hdDgog-00003-00001358-00001663 [Music]
64c73hdDgog-00004-00001664-00001872 you
65iy3asmDWM-00000-00000040-00000328 Gibraltar International Airport or north
65iy3asmDWM-00001-00000329-00000745 front Airport IAT a tip ICAO lxg B is
65iy3asmDWM-00002-00000746-00000936 the civilian Airport that serves the
65iy3asmDWM-00003-00000938-00001143 British overseas territory of Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00004-00001144-00001402 the runway is owned by the Ministry of
65iy3asmDWM-00005-00001403-00001608 Defense for use by the Royal Air Force
65iy3asmDWM-00006-00001609-00001935 as RAF Gibraltar civilian operators use
65iy3asmDWM-00007-00001936-00002193 the civilian operated terminal national
65iy3asmDWM-00008-00002194-00002406 air traffic services hold the contract
65iy3asmDWM-00009-00002407-00002620 for provision of air navigation services
65iy3asmDWM-00010-00002621-00002985 at the airport in 2017 the airport
65iy3asmDWM-00011-00002986-00003483 handled 570 1180 for passengers and 300
65iy3asmDWM-00012-00003484-00003900 2094 kilograms of cargo on 4,000 888
65iy3asmDWM-00013-00003901-00004206 total flights Winston Churchill Avenue
65iy3asmDWM-00014-00004207-00004395 the main road heading towards the land
65iy3asmDWM-00015-00004396-00004618 border with Spain intersects the airport
65iy3asmDWM-00016-00004619-00004831 runway and consequently has to be closed
65iy3asmDWM-00017-00004832-00005127 every time of plane lands or departs the
65iy3asmDWM-00018-00005128-00005338 History Channel program most extreme
65iy3asmDWM-00019-00005339-00005527 airports ranked the airport the fifth
65iy3asmDWM-00020-00005528-00005793 most extreme airport in the world it is
65iy3asmDWM-00021-00005794-00006018 exposed to strong crosswinds around the
65iy3asmDWM-00022-00006019-00006220 rock and across the Bay of algeciras
65iy3asmDWM-00023-00006221-00006445 making landings in winter particularly
65iy3asmDWM-00024-00006445-00006739 uncomfortable monarch Airlines was the
65iy3asmDWM-00025-00006740-00006894 largest operator at Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00026-00006895-00007126 international operating flights to
65iy3asmDWM-00027-00007127-00007339 Birmingham London Gatwick London Luton
65iy3asmDWM-00028-00007340-00007633 Manchester Airport both routes were
65iy3asmDWM-00029-00007634-00008050 operated by an Airbus a320 - 200 monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00030-00008051-00008299 entered administration at 4:30 a.m. on
65iy3asmDWM-00031-00008300-00008566 the 2nd of October 2017 ceasing
65iy3asmDWM-00032-00008567-00008764 operations with immediate effect around
65iy3asmDWM-00033-00008765-00008947 a year after rumors of its imminent
65iy3asmDWM-00034-00008948-00009090 demise became widespread
65iy3asmDWM-00035-00009091-00009406 easyJet operates seven weekly flights to
65iy3asmDWM-00036-00009407-00009697 London Gatwick operated by Airbus a320
65iy3asmDWM-00037-00009698-00009907 family aircraft as well as three flights
65iy3asmDWM-00038-00009908-00010099 per week to Bristol Airport in two
65iy3asmDWM-00039-00010100-00010296 flights a week to Manchester Airport
65iy3asmDWM-00040-00010297-00010561 British Airways also operates nine
65iy3asmDWM-00041-00010562-00010771 weekly flights to London Heathrow being
65iy3asmDWM-00042-00010772-00011167 operated by an Airbus a320 - 200 Royal
65iy3asmDWM-00043-00011168-00011413 Air Maroc Express also operate twice
65iy3asmDWM-00044-00011414-00011644 weekly flights to Tangier urban Battuta
65iy3asmDWM-00045-00011645-00011836 Airport which continue on to Casablanca
65iy3asmDWM-00046-00011837-00012178 Airport although located in Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00047-00012179-00012346 the airport is also used by people
65iy3asmDWM-00048-00012347-00012568 travelling to or from neighbouring parts
65iy3asmDWM-00049-00012569-00012760 of southern Spain such as the Costa del
65iy3asmDWM-00050-00012761-00013110 Sol or the Campo de Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00051-00013111-00013461 you
65iy3asmDWM-00052-00013462-00013961 topic history
65iy3asmDWM-00053-00013962-00014298 you
65iy3asmDWM-00054-00014299-00014808 topic construction
65iy3asmDWM-00055-00014809-00015044 the airport was constructed during World
65iy3asmDWM-00056-00015045-00015282 War two upon the territories Racecourse
65iy3asmDWM-00057-00015283-00015519 introduced by the Maltese when Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00058-00015519-00015690 was an important naval base for the
65iy3asmDWM-00059-00015691-00016050 British originally opened in 1939 it was
65iy3asmDWM-00060-00016051-00016266 only an emergency airfield for the Royal
65iy3asmDWM-00061-00016266-00016407 Navy's Fleet Air Arm
65iy3asmDWM-00062-00016408-00016694 however the runway was later extended by
65iy3asmDWM-00063-00016695-00016863 reclaiming some land from the Bay of
65iy3asmDWM-00064-00016864-00017072 Gibraltar using rock blasted from the
65iy3asmDWM-00065-00017073-00017241 Rock of Gibraltar while carrying out
65iy3asmDWM-00066-00017242-00017519 works on military tunnels this last
65iy3asmDWM-00067-00017520-00017721 major extension of the runway allowed
65iy3asmDWM-00068-00017722-00018416 larger aircraft to land at Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00069-00018417-00019055 topic development since the 2000s
65iy3asmDWM-00070-00019056-00019367 on the 3rd of November 2003 monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00071-00019368-00019559 announced a new route from Gibraltar to
65iy3asmDWM-00072-00019560-00019805 Manchester Airport it was the first
65iy3asmDWM-00073-00019806-00019994 route from Gibraltar to operate to the
65iy3asmDWM-00074-00019995-00020294 north of England however on the 19th of
65iy3asmDWM-00075-00020295-00020594 July 2006 monarch withdrew the route due
65iy3asmDWM-00076-00020595-00020958 to the cost on the 21st of April 2008
65iy3asmDWM-00077-00020959-00021141 monarch announced it would resume the
65iy3asmDWM-00078-00021142-00021342 services to Manchester from the 12th of
65iy3asmDWM-00079-00021343-00021672 September 2008 the route operated three
65iy3asmDWM-00080-00021673-00021867 to five times a week every Monday
65iy3asmDWM-00081-00021868-00022097 Wednesday and Friday in winter season as
65iy3asmDWM-00082-00022098-00022308 well as on Thursdays and Sundays in the
65iy3asmDWM-00083-00022309-00022670 summer season by late 2005 and early
65iy3asmDWM-00084-00022671-00022778 2006
65iy3asmDWM-00085-00022779-00022943 the implementation of a new agreement
65iy3asmDWM-00086-00022944-00023120 was one of the main topics of the
65iy3asmDWM-00087-00023121-00023322 Gibraltar trilateral forum being held
65iy3asmDWM-00088-00023323-00023492 between the governments of Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00089-00023493-00023792 Spain and the United Kingdom as a result
65iy3asmDWM-00090-00023793-00023969 the Cordoba Accord was signed on the
65iy3asmDWM-00091-00023970-00024258 18th of September 2006 by all parties
65iy3asmDWM-00092-00024259-00024497 this ended all discriminatory
65iy3asmDWM-00093-00024498-00024699 restrictions on civilian flights to
65iy3asmDWM-00094-00024700-00024893 Gibraltar International including the
65iy3asmDWM-00095-00024894-00025106 prohibition of flights over Spanish soil
65iy3asmDWM-00096-00025107-00025328 an exclusion of Gibraltar from all EU
65iy3asmDWM-00097-00025329-00025539 agreements on air transport allowing
65iy3asmDWM-00098-00025540-00025737 civilian flights from all nations into
65iy3asmDWM-00099-00025738-00025958 Gibraltar International on the 17th of
65iy3asmDWM-00100-00025959-00026237 November 2006 Iberia announced that it
65iy3asmDWM-00101-00026238-00026373 would start flights from Madrid to
65iy3asmDWM-00102-00026374-00026654 Gibraltar using an Airbus a319 aircraft
65iy3asmDWM-00103-00026655-00026952 this was a landmark move as no Spanish
65iy3asmDWM-00104-00026952-00027156 airline had flown to Gibraltar since
65iy3asmDWM-00105-00027157-00027482 1979 because of its disputed status
65iy3asmDWM-00106-00027483-00027714 Iberia began flights to Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00107-00027714-00027957 International on the 16th of December
65iy3asmDWM-00108-00027958-00028193 2006 with a flight from Madrid that
65iy3asmDWM-00109-00028194-00028358 included some members of the Spanish
65iy3asmDWM-00110-00028359-00028656 government on board GB Airways flew a
65iy3asmDWM-00111-00028657-00028814 one-off flight in the other direction
65iy3asmDWM-00112-00028815-00028989 with a group of children from the
65iy3asmDWM-00113-00028989-00029202 Gibraltar area making up the passengers
65iy3asmDWM-00114-00029202-00029583 in May 2007 GB Airways flying as a
65iy3asmDWM-00115-00029583-00029820 British Airways franchisee also began
65iy3asmDWM-00116-00029820-00030002 operating the route between Madrid and
65iy3asmDWM-00117-00030003-00030237 Gibraltar however this was discontinued
65iy3asmDWM-00118-00030238-00030464 on the 30th of September leaving Iberia
65iy3asmDWM-00119-00030465-00030758 to work the route alone on the 22nd of
65iy3asmDWM-00120-00030759-00031035 September 2008 Iberia announced that it
65iy3asmDWM-00121-00031036-00031202 would cease its flights to Madrid by the
65iy3asmDWM-00122-00031203-00031473 28th of September due to economic
65iy3asmDWM-00123-00031474-00031808 reasons namely lack of demand this left
65iy3asmDWM-00124-00031809-00032021 Gibraltar once again without any air
65iy3asmDWM-00125-00032022-00032310 links with Spain in April 2009 Andaluz
65iy3asmDWM-00126-00032311-00032433 líneas aéreas
65iy3asmDWM-00127-00032435-00032599 storge gibraltars air link with the
65iy3asmDWM-00128-00032600-00032953 Spanish capital in July 2009 Andaluz
65iy3asmDWM-00129-00032954-00033154 also began scheduled flights to
65iy3asmDWM-00130-00033155-00033385 Barcelona increasing the destinations in
65iy3asmDWM-00131-00033386-00033700 Spain - - however the airline ceased to
65iy3asmDWM-00132-00033701-00033955 serve this route in September 2009 due
65iy3asmDWM-00133-00033956-00034273 to a lack of demand in April 2010 it was
65iy3asmDWM-00134-00034274-00034471 confirmed that Andaluz flights to and
65iy3asmDWM-00135-00034472-00034618 from Gibraltar had been indefinitely
65iy3asmDWM-00136-00034619-00034939 suspended and now yet again Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00137-00034940-00035154 has no direct air links to Spain and
65iy3asmDWM-00138-00035155-00035458 Toulouse líneas aéreas ceased operations
65iy3asmDWM-00139-00035459-00035857 on the 13th of August 2010 in 2009
65iy3asmDWM-00140-00035858-00036067 British Airways moved their flights from
65iy3asmDWM-00141-00036068-00036241 Gatwick to their main base at London
65iy3asmDWM-00142-00036242-00036661 Heathrow from 2011 until October 2012
65iy3asmDWM-00143-00036662-00036877 easyJet offered thrice weekly service
65iy3asmDWM-00144-00036878-00037072 from Gibraltar to Liverpool but it was
65iy3asmDWM-00145-00037073-00037231 eventually cancelled due to lack of
65iy3asmDWM-00146-00037232-00037672 demand on the 18th of May 2011 BMI baby
65iy3asmDWM-00147-00037673-00037831 announced that it would launch flights
65iy3asmDWM-00148-00037832-00038029 from Gibraltar to East Midlands from the
65iy3asmDWM-00149-00038030-00038365 31st of March 2012 this was the first
65iy3asmDWM-00150-00038366-00038554 time that an airline has operated that
65iy3asmDWM-00151-00038555-00038818 route the route operated on Tuesdays
65iy3asmDWM-00152-00038819-00039043 Thursdays and Saturdays using a Boeing
65iy3asmDWM-00153-00039044-00039487 737 to 300 however on the 3rd of May
65iy3asmDWM-00154-00039488-00039772 2012 it was announced that BMI baby was
65iy3asmDWM-00155-00039773-00039958 to be closed down by the International
65iy3asmDWM-00156-00039959-00040153 Airlines group after the group failed to
65iy3asmDWM-00157-00040154-00040447 find a buyer for the airline BMI baby
65iy3asmDWM-00158-00040448-00040657 operated its last service to Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00159-00040658-00040894 on the 8th of September 2012 in the
65iy3asmDWM-00160-00040895-00041104 airline operated its last flight on the
65iy3asmDWM-00161-00041105-00041431 9th of September 2012 on the 10th of
65iy3asmDWM-00162-00041432-00041719 January 2012 Gibraltar was selected as
65iy3asmDWM-00163-00041720-00041908 one of the world's scariest Airport
65iy3asmDWM-00164-00041909-00042094 landings and takeoffs in the Travel
65iy3asmDWM-00165-00042095-00042295 section of the Daily Telegraph due to
65iy3asmDWM-00166-00042296-00042496 its runway which extends into the sea on
65iy3asmDWM-00167-00042497-00042757 the 14th of August 2012 monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00168-00042758-00042925 announced it would lunch a new route to
65iy3asmDWM-00169-00042926-00043129 Birmingham operating three times a week
65iy3asmDWM-00170-00043130-00043465 every Tuesday Thursday and Saturday the
65iy3asmDWM-00171-00043466-00043717 route began on the 23rd of March 2013
65iy3asmDWM-00172-00043718-00043921 but changed to running on Tuesdays
65iy3asmDWM-00173-00043922-00044143 Thursdays and Sundays in the summer of
65iy3asmDWM-00174-00044144-00044398 2014 services between Gibraltar and
65iy3asmDWM-00175-00044399-00044614 Marrakesh were operated by Royal Air
65iy3asmDWM-00176-00044615-00044824 Maroc Express on behalf of a local
65iy3asmDWM-00177-00044825-00045112 travel company your flight however the
65iy3asmDWM-00178-00045113-00045283 services which were operated on a
65iy3asmDWM-00179-00045284-00045475 charter basis and could not be booked
65iy3asmDWM-00180-00045476-00045706 via global distribution system channels
65iy3asmDWM-00181-00045707-00045769 or on a canoe
65iy3asmDWM-00182-00045770-00045994 action basis terminated after just three
65iy3asmDWM-00183-00045995-00046186 months due to insufficient demand in
65iy3asmDWM-00184-00046187-00046324 November 2014
65iy3asmDWM-00185-00046325-00046504 easyJet announced that they would begin
65iy3asmDWM-00186-00046505-00046771 a new route to Bristol Airport the new
65iy3asmDWM-00187-00046772-00046966 route commenced on the 19th of April
65iy3asmDWM-00188-00046967-00047224 2015 it was also announced in November
65iy3asmDWM-00189-00047225-00047476 2014 that the short intercontinental air
65iy3asmDWM-00190-00047477-00047689 connection between Gibraltar and Tangier
65iy3asmDWM-00191-00047690-00047869 would be restored after many years and
65iy3asmDWM-00192-00047870-00048061 operated by Royal Air Maroc with
65iy3asmDWM-00193-00048062-00048310 services beginning in March 2015 on a
65iy3asmDWM-00194-00048311-00048592 twice weekly basis unlike the previous
65iy3asmDWM-00195-00048593-00048769 Marrakesh flights these would be
65iy3asmDWM-00196-00048770-00048988 operated by RAM for themselves an offer
65iy3asmDWM-00197-00048989-00049189 connecting flights to their Casablanca
65iy3asmDWM-00198-00049190-00049387 hub and onwards and be available via
65iy3asmDWM-00199-00049388-00049615 normal sales channels overnight work to
65iy3asmDWM-00200-00049616-00049786 resurface the runway started on the
65iy3asmDWM-00201-00049787-00050068 evening of September 4 2015 and work was
65iy3asmDWM-00202-00050069-00050440 completed in January 2016 in November
65iy3asmDWM-00203-00050441-00050530 2015
65iy3asmDWM-00204-00050531-00050710 easyJet announced that they would begin
65iy3asmDWM-00205-00050711-00050890 a new route to Manchester Airport
65iy3asmDWM-00206-00050891-00050968 twice-weekly
65iy3asmDWM-00207-00050969-00051175 making this the first time two airlines
65iy3asmDWM-00208-00051176-00051358 have competed against each other on the
65iy3asmDWM-00209-00051359-00051621 Manchester Gibraltar route the new route
65iy3asmDWM-00210-00051622-00051778 is due to commence on the 3rd of July
65iy3asmDWM-00211-00051779-00052132 2016 during the same month monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00212-00052133-00052324 announced a new route from Gibraltar to
65iy3asmDWM-00213-00052325-00052528 London Gatwick beginning on the first of
65iy3asmDWM-00214-00052529-00052759 May running four times a week on the 2nd
65iy3asmDWM-00215-00052760-00053059 of October 2017 the CAA confirmed that
65iy3asmDWM-00216-00053060-00053269 monarch airlines had ceased operations
65iy3asmDWM-00217-00053270-00053419 with immediate effect and had entered
65iy3asmDWM-00218-00053420-00053674 administration all arriving and
65iy3asmDWM-00219-00053675-00053914 departure flights were cancelled monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00220-00053915-00054112 operated about 1/3 of the airport's
65iy3asmDWM-00221-00054113-00054405 movements prior to shutting down on the
65iy3asmDWM-00222-00054407-00054589 12th of July 2018
65iy3asmDWM-00223-00054590-00054790 easyJet announced a twice-weekly new
65iy3asmDWM-00224-00054791-00054994 route to London Luton restoring the link
65iy3asmDWM-00225-00054995-00055249 between the two airports the route will
65iy3asmDWM-00226-00055250-00055892 start in December 2018
65iy3asmDWM-00227-00055894-00056199 topic disputes regarding territories
65iy3asmDWM-00228-00056200-00056585 status
65iy3asmDWM-00229-00056586-00056801 the airport is located on the isthmus
65iy3asmDWM-00230-00056802-00057004 that connects Gibraltar with the rest of
65iy3asmDWM-00231-00057005-00057284 the Iberian Peninsula whether or not the
65iy3asmDWM-00232-00057285-00057473 airport's territory was ceded by the
65iy3asmDWM-00233-00057474-00057695 Treaty of Utrecht as disputed by Spain
65iy3asmDWM-00234-00057696-00058076 and Britain in the spring of 1815 Spain
65iy3asmDWM-00235-00058077-00058247 claims an epidemic of yellow fever
65iy3asmDWM-00236-00058248-00058433 struck Gibraltar so that the British
65iy3asmDWM-00237-00058434-00058613 authorities built several barracks as
65iy3asmDWM-00238-00058614-00058814 filled isolation in the neutral zone on
65iy3asmDWM-00239-00058815-00059159 the 20th of April 1815 lieutenant
65iy3asmDWM-00240-00059160-00059392 governor of Gibraltar Jorge Don agreed
65iy3asmDWM-00241-00059394-00059585 with the general commander of the Campo
65iy3asmDWM-00242-00059586-00059828 de Gibraltar general Don Jose Maria
65iy3asmDWM-00243-00059829-00060107 Dallas that a large proportion of the
65iy3asmDWM-00244-00060108-00060377 inhabitants of Gibraltar to not have
65iy3asmDWM-00245-00060378-00060569 they suffered fever temporarily
65iy3asmDWM-00246-00060570-00060788 established on the neutral ground as
65iy3asmDWM-00247-00060789-00061054 close as circumstances permit in front
65iy3asmDWM-00248-00061055-00061409 of this fortress in 1908 the British
65iy3asmDWM-00249-00061410-00061598 government erected a fence that forms
65iy3asmDWM-00250-00061599-00061871 the actual border Spain claims of the
65iy3asmDWM-00251-00061872-00062183 original 156 hectares of neutral ground
65iy3asmDWM-00252-00062184-00062540 England and next 106 in this location
65iy3asmDWM-00253-00062541-00062755 Gibraltar Airport was built Spain's
65iy3asmDWM-00254-00062757-00062957 continuing sovereignty dispute with the
65iy3asmDWM-00255-00062958-00063166 United Kingdom over the territory where
65iy3asmDWM-00256-00063167-00063338 the airport stands different from the
65iy3asmDWM-00257-00063339-00063539 generic one on Gibraltar itself has
65iy3asmDWM-00258-00063540-00063704 seriously affected the airport's
65iy3asmDWM-00259-00063704-00064066 operations on the 2nd of December 1987
65iy3asmDWM-00260-00064067-00064247 an agreement was signed between the
65iy3asmDWM-00261-00064248-00064417 governments of the United Kingdom and
65iy3asmDWM-00262-00064419-00064616 Spain to allow the joint civil use of
65iy3asmDWM-00263-00064616-00064859 the airport the agreement foresaw the
65iy3asmDWM-00264-00064860-00065015 building of a new terminal in the
65iy3asmDWM-00265-00065016-00065237 neighboring Spanish municipality of la
65iy3asmDWM-00266-00065238-00065455 línea de la concepción adjacent to the
65iy3asmDWM-00267-00065457-00065659 northern side of the existing frontier
65iy3asmDWM-00268-00065660-00065909 however the agreement was blocked by the
65iy3asmDWM-00269-00065910-00066188 government of Gibraltar led from 1988 by
65iy3asmDWM-00270-00066189-00066512 Joba sana as a result the agreement was
65iy3asmDWM-00271-00066513-00066812 never implemented since then Spain
65iy3asmDWM-00272-00066813-00067028 successfully excluded Gibraltar from
65iy3asmDWM-00273-00067029-00067202 European wide deregulation initiatives
65iy3asmDWM-00274-00067203-00067481 such as the single European sky program
65iy3asmDWM-00275-00067482-00067658 preventing direct links from Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00276-00067659-00067898 to the rest of the European Union except
65iy3asmDWM-00277-00067899-00068066 the United Kingdom on the grounds that
65iy3asmDWM-00278-00068067-00068288 no regulation that somehow recognizes
65iy3asmDWM-00279-00068289-00068462 the sovereignty of the United Kingdom
65iy3asmDWM-00280-00068463-00068630 over the Gibraltar Peninsula may be
65iy3asmDWM-00281-00068631-00068828 implemented without a previous agreement
65iy3asmDWM-00282-00068829-00069397 on the airport
65iy3asmDWM-00283-00069398-00069911 topic terminals
65iy3asmDWM-00284-00069912-00070099 there is one terminal at Gibraltar
65iy3asmDWM-00285-00070100-00070361 international flight departures moved
65iy3asmDWM-00286-00070362-00070568 into the new terminal on the 26th of
65iy3asmDWM-00287-00070569-00070817 September 2012 when the old terminal was
65iy3asmDWM-00288-00070818-00071553 closed on the 25th of September 2012
65iy3asmDWM-00289-00071554-00072059 topic old terminal
65iy3asmDWM-00290-00072060-00072281 the old terminal at the airport was
65iy3asmDWM-00291-00072282-00072530 built in 1959 and refurbished in the
65iy3asmDWM-00292-00072531-00072866 late 1990s for many years it had been
65iy3asmDWM-00293-00072867-00073013 too small to cope with the number of
65iy3asmDWM-00294-00073014-00073301 passengers the size of the terminal was
65iy3asmDWM-00295-00073302-00073595 twenty thousand square meters 220,000
65iy3asmDWM-00296-00073596-00073823 square feet and had ten check-in desks
65iy3asmDWM-00297-00073824-00074069 one baggage carousel one security gate
65iy3asmDWM-00298-00074070-00074345 and two departure gates the departure
65iy3asmDWM-00299-00074346-00074552 gates then enabled passengers to board a
65iy3asmDWM-00300-00074553-00074726 bus which takes them to one of the new
65iy3asmDWM-00301-00074727-00075053 stands on the 26th of November 2011
65iy3asmDWM-00302-00075054-00075263 arriving flights switched to the new
65iy3asmDWM-00303-00075264-00075431 terminal as the first phase of the new
65iy3asmDWM-00304-00075432-00075743 terminal open on the 25th of September
65iy3asmDWM-00305-00075744-00075998 2012 the old terminal closed its doors
65iy3asmDWM-00306-00075999-00076190 as flight departures moved into the new
65iy3asmDWM-00307-00076191-00076453 terminal on the 26th of September 2012
65iy3asmDWM-00308-00076454-00076745 the last flight to use it was easyJet
65iy3asmDWM-00309-00076746-00077129 flight ez y8 904 - London Gatwick the
65iy3asmDWM-00310-00077130-00077327 old terminal building was demolished in
65iy3asmDWM-00311-00077328-00077576 February 2014 and will make way for a
65iy3asmDWM-00312-00077577-00078138 new coach park
65iy3asmDWM-00313-00078139-00078634 topic new terminal
65iy3asmDWM-00314-00078635-00078874 a new terminal has been constructed at
65iy3asmDWM-00315-00078875-00079042 Gibraltar International due to
65iy3asmDWM-00316-00079043-00079330 increasing number of passengers planning
65iy3asmDWM-00317-00079331-00079573 permission was announced in 2007 with
65iy3asmDWM-00318-00079574-00079762 construction of the new terminal began
65iy3asmDWM-00319-00079763-00080119 in 2009 and was finished by 2011 the
65iy3asmDWM-00320-00080120-00080293 first phase of the new terminal opened
65iy3asmDWM-00321-00080294-00080569 on the 26th of November 2011 for
65iy3asmDWM-00322-00080570-00080827 arriving flights only the second phase
65iy3asmDWM-00323-00080828-00081052 of the new terminal opened on the 26th
65iy3asmDWM-00324-00081053-00081307 of September 2012 when flight departures
65iy3asmDWM-00325-00081308-00081565 moon the first flight to use the first
65iy3asmDWM-00326-00081566-00081901 phase was easyJet flight ezy 7 to 95
65iy3asmDWM-00327-00081902-00082081 from liverpool in the first flight to
65iy3asmDWM-00328-00082082-00082279 use the second phase was British Airways
65iy3asmDWM-00329-00082280-00082702 flight ba 491 to London Heathrow the
65iy3asmDWM-00330-00082703-00082903 terminals Terrace was inaugurated by the
65iy3asmDWM-00331-00082904-00083155 earl of wessex prince edward on the 13th
65iy3asmDWM-00332-00083156-00083479 of june 2012 the terminal is 35,000
65iy3asmDWM-00333-00083480-00083743 square metres 380 thousand square feet
65iy3asmDWM-00334-00083744-00084109 which is 15,000 square metres 160,000
65iy3asmDWM-00335-00084110-00084274 square feet bigger than the old terminal
65iy3asmDWM-00336-00084275-00084580 it has two baggage carousels and three
65iy3asmDWM-00337-00084581-00084751 departure gates none of which are
65iy3asmDWM-00338-00084752-00085021 equipped with jet bridges only one of
65iy3asmDWM-00339-00085022-00085234 the two baggage carousels is in use for
65iy3asmDWM-00340-00085235-00085534 flights it has a passenger capacity of
65iy3asmDWM-00341-00085535-00085818 up to 1.5 million passengers per year
65iy3asmDWM-00342-00085819-00086098 retail services are also available in
65iy3asmDWM-00343-00086099-00086338 the terminal and these include WH Smith
65iy3asmDWM-00344-00086339-00086578 36 north bar and Gibraltar duty-free
65iy3asmDWM-00345-00086579-00086917 stores a new general aviation area has
65iy3asmDWM-00346-00086918-00087115 also been built inside the terminal to
65iy3asmDWM-00347-00087116-00087745 handle private aircraft
65iy3asmDWM-00348-00087746-00088265 topic expansion
65iy3asmDWM-00349-00088266-00088605 you
65iy3asmDWM-00350-00088606-00089161 topic new road access
65iy3asmDWM-00351-00089162-00089350 the road across the runway as
65iy3asmDWM-00352-00089351-00089526 constraining operations at the airport
65iy3asmDWM-00353-00089527-00089695 especially with the increase in
65iy3asmDWM-00354-00089696-00089857 operations since the quarter by
65iy3asmDWM-00355-00089858-00090124 agreement prior to this agreement only
65iy3asmDWM-00356-00090125-00090334 three flights operated daily to Gatwick
65iy3asmDWM-00357-00090335-00090520 and Luton and three flights a week to
65iy3asmDWM-00358-00090521-00090853 Manchester on busy days at present some
65iy3asmDWM-00359-00090854-00091063 seven flights now arrived in depart if
65iy3asmDWM-00360-00091064-00091330 the average time the road is closed for
65iy3asmDWM-00361-00091331-00091531 an aircraft to land or depart as ten
65iy3asmDWM-00362-00091532-00091720 minutes then on certain days the road
65iy3asmDWM-00363-00091721-00091921 can be closed for over two hours because
65iy3asmDWM-00364-00091922-00092143 of this a new four-lane diversion road
65iy3asmDWM-00365-00092144-00092395 and tunnel section was planned the new
65iy3asmDWM-00366-00092396-00092590 runway tunnel will reduce delays and
65iy3asmDWM-00367-00092591-00092812 tailbacks caused by aircraft taking off
65iy3asmDWM-00368-00092813-00093082 and landing construction of the new road
65iy3asmDWM-00369-00093083-00093370 was due to begin in January 2008 and be
65iy3asmDWM-00370-00093371-00093625 completed by the beginning of 2009 but
65iy3asmDWM-00371-00093626-00093862 as of 2016 it was still not completed
65iy3asmDWM-00372-00093863-00094114 although the road across the runway is
65iy3asmDWM-00373-00094115-00094306 to remain in place for exceptional
65iy3asmDWM-00374-00094307-00094567 specific or emergency use it will not be
65iy3asmDWM-00375-00094568-00094789 available for routine day-to-day use by
65iy3asmDWM-00376-00094790-00095029 private vehicular traffic pedestrians
65iy3asmDWM-00377-00095030-00095272 will not be required to travel via the
65iy3asmDWM-00378-00095273-00095449 new road tunnel and will continue to
65iy3asmDWM-00379-00095450-00095602 cross the runway at the present location
65iy3asmDWM-00380-00095603-00095890 a prolonged litigation between the
65iy3asmDWM-00381-00095891-00096088 government of Gibraltar and contractor
65iy3asmDWM-00382-00096089-00096298 all over the delay was resolved in June
65iy3asmDWM-00383-00096299-00096526 2016 with an agreement for old to
65iy3asmDWM-00384-00096527-00096742 complete the works at a price of 24
65iy3asmDWM-00385-00096743-00096943 million pounds and a projected finish
65iy3asmDWM-00386-00096944-00097183 date of November 2018 a new dual
65iy3asmDWM-00387-00097184-00097456 carriageway is also being built it will
65iy3asmDWM-00388-00097457-00097648 pass under the new terminal and towards
65iy3asmDWM-00389-00097649-00097819 the eastern edge of the runway at which
65iy3asmDWM-00390-00097820-00097966 point it will pass through a tunnel
65iy3asmDWM-00391-00097967-00098143 under it and connect via a roundabout
65iy3asmDWM-00392-00098144-00098353 with Devil's Tower Road on the opposite
65iy3asmDWM-00393-00098354-00098614 side of the runway after the road tunnel
65iy3asmDWM-00394-00098615-00098812 on the north side of the runway the new
65iy3asmDWM-00395-00098813-00098977 road will run parallel to the frontier
65iy3asmDWM-00396-00098978-00099217 passing under the air terminal flyover
65iy3asmDWM-00397-00099218-00099469 section the road will then branch into
65iy3asmDWM-00398-00099470-00099688 two with one road leading to the loop in
65iy3asmDWM-00399-00099689-00099868 the frontier and another leading to the
65iy3asmDWM-00400-00099869-00100069 air terminal north front and Winston
65iy3asmDWM-00401-00100070-00100628 Churchill Avenue
65iy3asmDWM-00402-00100629-00101163 topic new car parks
65iy3asmDWM-00403-00101164-00101412 a number of car parks are being built at
65iy3asmDWM-00404-00101413-00101589 Gibraltar International during its
65iy3asmDWM-00405-00101590-00101862 expansion including a new 220 spaced
65iy3asmDWM-00406-00101863-00102108 three-story car park located at the east
65iy3asmDWM-00407-00102109-00102396 of the new terminal another new car park
65iy3asmDWM-00408-00102397-00102611 is to be built by eastern beach and to
65iy3asmDWM-00409-00102613-00102819 multi-story facilities will also be
65iy3asmDWM-00410-00102820-00103068 built on Devil's Tower Road the old
65iy3asmDWM-00411-00103069-00103266 terminal building is to be demolished to
65iy3asmDWM-00412-00103267-00103899 make way for a coach park
65iy3asmDWM-00413-00103900-00104507 topic airlines and destinations
65iy3asmDWM-00414-00104508-00104879 you
65iy3asmDWM-00415-00104880-00105419 topic statistics
65iy3asmDWM-00416-00105420-00105783 you
65iy3asmDWM-00417-00105784-00106385 topic accidents and incidents
65iy3asmDWM-00418-00106386-00106821 on the 4th of July 1943 a b-24 Liberator
65iy3asmDWM-00419-00106822-00107064 crashed into the sea 16 seconds after
65iy3asmDWM-00420-00107065-00107267 taking off from gibraltar airport at
65iy3asmDWM-00421-00107268-00107556 23:07 hours killing all 11 passengers
65iy3asmDWM-00422-00107557-00107820 and five of the six crew among the
65iy3asmDWM-00423-00107821-00108096 passengers was lieutenant Gen Y Ladislas
65iy3asmDWM-00424-00108097-00108318 sikorsky commander-in-chief of the
65iy3asmDWM-00425-00108319-00108513 polish army and prime minister of the
65iy3asmDWM-00426-00108514-00108657 Polish government-in-exile
65iy3asmDWM-00427-00108658-00108873 who had been inspecting Polish forces in
65iy3asmDWM-00428-00108874-00109073 the Middle East during World War two a
65iy3asmDWM-00429-00109074-00109314 British inquiry ruled the crash an
65iy3asmDWM-00430-00109315-00109473 accident concluding that the planes
65iy3asmDWM-00431-00109474-00109644 controls had jammed for an unknown
65iy3asmDWM-00432-00109645-00109932 reason however several conspiracy
65iy3asmDWM-00433-00109933-00110220 theories continued to persist on the
65iy3asmDWM-00434-00110221-00110688 22nd of may 2002 a monarch Boeing 757 to
65iy3asmDWM-00435-00110689-00110997 200 registration GMO and C suffered
65iy3asmDWM-00436-00110998-00111144 structural damage to the forward
65iy3asmDWM-00437-00111145-00111357 fuselage in the area of the nose landing
65iy3asmDWM-00438-00111358-00111564 gear during landing at Gibraltar while
65iy3asmDWM-00439-00111565-00111785 operating a flight from Luton the
65iy3asmDWM-00440-00111786-00111975 captain had used an incorrect landing
65iy3asmDWM-00441-00111976-00112152 technique applying full nose down
65iy3asmDWM-00442-00112153-00112460 elevator this control input resulted in
65iy3asmDWM-00443-00112461-00112644 a high pitch down rate at nose wheel
65iy3asmDWM-00444-00112645-00112857 touchdown exceeding the design limits
65iy3asmDWM-00445-00112858-00113049 before the aircraft's nose wheel had
65iy3asmDWM-00446-00113050-00113250 touched the ground there were no
65iy3asmDWM-00447-00113251-00113673 injuries on the 17th of March 2006 the
65iy3asmDWM-00448-00113674-00114018 flight deck crew of a monarch Boeing 757
65iy3asmDWM-00449-00114019-00114308 to 200 registration G Mon lost visual
65iy3asmDWM-00450-00114309-00114531 contact with the runway after passing
65iy3asmDWM-00451-00114532-00114765 the visual decision point VDP while
65iy3asmDWM-00452-00114766-00115026 attempting to land at Gibraltar during
65iy3asmDWM-00453-00115027-00115218 the subsequent go-around the crew did
65iy3asmDWM-00454-00115219-00115377 not follow the correct missed approach
65iy3asmDWM-00455-00115378-00115668 procedures but air traffic control ATC
65iy3asmDWM-00456-00115669-00115869 provided effective heading control to
65iy3asmDWM-00457-00115870-00116141 avoid striking high ground the lowest
65iy3asmDWM-00458-00116142-00116358 altitude of the aircraft went over land
65iy3asmDWM-00459-00116358-00116793 was 2,100 feet 640 meters the highest
65iy3asmDWM-00460-00116794-00117039 local ground elevation just south of the
65iy3asmDWM-00461-00117040-00117466 airfield is 1420 feet 430 meters
65iy3asmDWM-00462-00117467-00117765 following the incident ATC and monarch
65iy3asmDWM-00463-00117766-00117951 changed their procedures to reduce the
65iy3asmDWM-00464-00117952-00118101 chances of repeating a similar
65iy3asmDWM-00465-00118102-00118491 occurrence on the 8th of February 2017 a
65iy3asmDWM-00466-00118492-00118689 Royal Gibraltar police vehicle drove
65iy3asmDWM-00467-00118690-00118875 onto the runway in a bid to stop an
65iy3asmDWM-00468-00118876-00119159 Airbus a400m Atlas plane from taking off
65iy3asmDWM-00469-00119160-00119451 the ensuing standoff between the r GP
65iy3asmDWM-00470-00119452-00119684 and mod caused two hours of delays for
65iy3asmDWM-00471-00119685-00119782 anyone crossing
65iy3asmDWM-00472-00119783-00120049 Runway via the road crossing this was
65iy3asmDWM-00473-00120050-00120204 due to a serving member of the military
65iy3asmDWM-00474-00120205-00120469 onboard the RAF aircraft being wanted by
65iy3asmDWM-00475-00120470-00120789 the our GP for alleged sex offenses the
65iy3asmDWM-00476-00120790-00120990 suspect was eventually removed from the
65iy3asmDWM-00477-00120991-00121161 aircraft as well as his personal
65iy3asmDWM-00478-00121163-00121335 computer equipment and the plane was
65iy3asmDWM-00479-00121336-00121993 allowed to leave two hours later
65iy3asmDWM-00480-00121994-00122577 topic in popular culture
65iy3asmDWM-00481-00122578-00122856 the runway featured in a BBC Top Gear
65iy3asmDWM-00482-00122857-00123090 special and was also used by Jaguar in
65iy3asmDWM-00483-00123091-00123335 the launch of a new range a custom
65iy3asmDWM-00484-00123336-00123567 painted Boeing 737 was used in
65iy3asmDWM-00485-00123568-00123833 conjunction with a fleet of the cars the
65iy3asmDWM-00486-00123834-00124047 airport appeared on Channel five series
65iy3asmDWM-00487-00124048-00124245 Gibraltar Britain in the Sun which was
65iy3asmDWM-00488-00124246-00124617 broadcast from June to July 2013 the
65iy3asmDWM-00489-00124618-00124806 airstrip and the four corners border
65iy3asmDWM-00490-00124807-00124992 crossing feature at the end of Carole
65iy3asmDWM-00491-00124993-00125250 Reeves 1963 production of the running
65iy3asmDWM-00492-00125251-00125553 man several takes were shot as REMIC and
65iy3asmDWM-00493-00125554-00125739 Harvey chase each other firstly through
65iy3asmDWM-00494-00125740-00125889 the border and later as the light
65iy3asmDWM-00495-00125890-00126075 aircraft took off from the eastern end
65iy3asmDWM-00496-00126076-00126267 of the runway narrowly missing in RAF
65iy3asmDWM-00497-00126268-00126483 Halifax aircraft which was supposed to
65iy3asmDWM-00498-00126483-00127085 be taking off to
65iy3asmDWM-00499-00127086-00127590 topic see also
65iy3asmDWM-00500-00127591-00127876 list of airports in the United Kingdom
65iy3asmDWM-00501-00127877-00128108 and the British Crown Dependencies
65iy3asmDWM-00502-00128109-00128350 Algeciras heliport heliport on the
65iy3asmDWM-00503-00128351-00128593 suburbs
66IuUFmJDKM-00000-00000084-00001216 eat it
66IuUFmJDKM-00001-00001217-00002051 baby
66IuUFmJDKM-00002-00002052-00002292 [Music]
66IuUFmJDKM-00003-00002293-00002609 I'm pissed I'm telling her telling her
66IuUFmJDKM-00004-00002610-00002868 good [__]
66IuUFmJDKM-00007-00011022-00011907 uh
66IuUFmJDKM-00008-00011908-00012215 [Music]
6rE72EZRUU0-00000-00000031-00000286 soil mechanics is a branch of soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00001-00000287-00000440 physics and Applied mechanics that
6rE72EZRUU0-00002-00000441-00000686 describes the behavior of soils it
6rE72EZRUU0-00003-00000687-00000869 differs from fluid mechanics in solid
6rE72EZRUU0-00004-00000869-00001019 mechanics in the sense that Souls
6rE72EZRUU0-00005-00001019-00001216 consist of a heterogeneous mixture of
6rE72EZRUU0-00006-00001217-00001394 fluids usually air and water and
6rE72EZRUU0-00007-00001395-00001657 particles usually clay silt sand and
6rE72EZRUU0-00008-00001659-00001895 gravel but soil may also contain organic
6rE72EZRUU0-00009-00001896-00002014 solids and other matter
6rE72EZRUU0-00010-00002016-00002284 along with rock mechanics soul mechanics
6rE72EZRUU0-00011-00002285-00002456 provides the theoretical basis for
6rE72EZRUU0-00012-00002457-00002672 analysis in geotechnical engineering a
6rE72EZRUU0-00013-00002673-00002851 sub-discipline of civil engineering and
6rE72EZRUU0-00014-00002852-00003065 engineering geology a sub-discipline of
6rE72EZRUU0-00015-00003066-00003326 geology soil mechanics is used to
6rE72EZRUU0-00016-00003327-00003524 analyze the deformations of an flow of
6rE72EZRUU0-00017-00003525-00003661 fluids within natural and man-made
6rE72EZRUU0-00018-00003663-00003869 structures that are supported on or made
6rE72EZRUU0-00019-00003870-00004058 of soil or structures that are buried in
6rE72EZRUU0-00020-00004059-00004343 soils example applications are building
6rE72EZRUU0-00021-00004344-00004526 and bridge foundations retaining walls
6rE72EZRUU0-00022-00004527-00004783 dams and buried pipeline systems
6rE72EZRUU0-00023-00004784-00005006 principles of soil mechanics are also
6rE72EZRUU0-00024-00005007-00005197 used in related disciplines such as
6rE72EZRUU0-00025-00005198-00005390 engineering geology to your physical
6rE72EZRUU0-00026-00005391-00005536 engineering coastal engineering
6rE72EZRUU0-00027-00005537-00005761 agricultural engineering hydrology and
6rE72EZRUU0-00028-00005762-00006068 soil physics this article describes the
6rE72EZRUU0-00029-00006069-00006247 genesis and composition of soil the
6rE72EZRUU0-00030-00006248-00006418 distinction between pore water pressure
6rE72EZRUU0-00031-00006419-00006584 and inter granular effective stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00032-00006584-00006778 capillary action are fluids in the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00033-00006779-00007025 pore spaces soil classification seepage
6rE72EZRUU0-00034-00007026-00007223 and permeability time dependent change
6rE72EZRUU0-00035-00007223-00007409 of volume due to squeezing water out of
6rE72EZRUU0-00036-00007409-00007598 tiny pore spaces also known as
6rE72EZRUU0-00037-00007598-00007763 consolidation shear strength and
6rE72EZRUU0-00038-00007764-00008006 stiffness of soils the shear strength of
6rE72EZRUU0-00039-00008006-00008216 soils is primarily derived from friction
6rE72EZRUU0-00040-00008217-00008374 between the particles and interlocking
6rE72EZRUU0-00041-00008375-00008510 which are very sensitive to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00042-00008511-00008764 effective stress the article concludes
6rE72EZRUU0-00043-00008765-00008956 with some examples of applications of
6rE72EZRUU0-00044-00008957-00009139 the principles of soil mechanics such as
6rE72EZRUU0-00045-00009140-00009335 slope stability lateral earth pressure
6rE72EZRUU0-00046-00009336-00009563 on retaining walls and bearing capacity
6rE72EZRUU0-00047-00009564-00010349 of foundations topic Genesis and
6rE72EZRUU0-00048-00010350-00011717 composition of soils topic Genesis the
6rE72EZRUU0-00049-00011718-00011914 primary mechanism of soil creation is
6rE72EZRUU0-00050-00011915-00012110 the weathering of rock all rock types
6rE72EZRUU0-00051-00012111-00012295 igneous rock metamorphic rock and
6rE72EZRUU0-00052-00012296-00012485 sedimentary rock may be broken down into
6rE72EZRUU0-00053-00012486-00012660 small particles to create soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00054-00012661-00012871 weathering mechanisms are physical
6rE72EZRUU0-00055-00012872-00013007 weathering chemical weathering and
6rE72EZRUU0-00056-00013008-00013205 biological weathering human activities
6rE72EZRUU0-00057-00013206-00013400 such as excavation blasting and
6rE72EZRUU0-00058-00013401-00013675 waste disposal may also create soil over
6rE72EZRUU0-00059-00013676-00013925 geologic time deeply buried soils may be
6rE72EZRUU0-00060-00013926-00014086 altered by pressure and temperature to
6rE72EZRUU0-00061-00014087-00014272 become metamorphic or sedimentary rock
6rE72EZRUU0-00062-00014273-00014467 and if melted and solidified again that
6rE72EZRUU0-00063-00014468-00014638 would complete the geologic cycle by
6rE72EZRUU0-00064-00014640-00014797 becoming igneous rock physical
6rE72EZRUU0-00065-00014798-00014966 weathering includes temperature effects
6rE72EZRUU0-00066-00014966-00015178 freeze and fall of water in cracks rain
6rE72EZRUU0-00067-00015179-00015388 wind impact and other mechanisms
6rE72EZRUU0-00068-00015388-00015622 chemical weathering includes dissolution
6rE72EZRUU0-00069-00015623-00015758 of matter composing a rock and
6rE72EZRUU0-00070-00015759-00015913 precipitation in the form of another
6rE72EZRUU0-00071-00015915-00016186 mineral clay minerals for example can be
6rE72EZRUU0-00072-00016187-00016384 formed by weathering a feldspar which is
6rE72EZRUU0-00073-00016385-00016528 the most common mineral present in
6rE72EZRUU0-00074-00016529-00016793 igneous rock the most common mineral
6rE72EZRUU0-00075-00016794-00016991 constituent of silt and sand is quartz
6rE72EZRUU0-00076-00016992-00017164 also called silica which has the
6rE72EZRUU0-00077-00017165-00017450 chemical name silicon dioxide the reason
6rE72EZRUU0-00078-00017451-00017630 that feldspar is most common in rocks
6rE72EZRUU0-00079-00017631-00017839 but silica is more prevalent in soils is
6rE72EZRUU0-00080-00017840-00018019 that feldspar is much more soluble than
6rE72EZRUU0-00081-00018020-00018331 silica silt sand and gravel are
6rE72EZRUU0-00082-00018332-00018564 basically little pieces of broken rocks
6rE72EZRUU0-00083-00018565-00018761 according to the unified soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00084-00018762-00018971 classification system silt particle
6rE72EZRUU0-00085-00018972-00019219 sizes are in the range of 0.002
6rE72EZRUU0-00086-00019220-00019544 millimetres to 0.075 millimetres in sand
6rE72EZRUU0-00087-00019545-00019758 particles have sizes in the range of
6rE72EZRUU0-00088-00019759-00020136 0.075 millimeters to 4.75 millimetres
6rE72EZRUU0-00089-00020137-00020375 gravel particles are broken pieces of
6rE72EZRUU0-00090-00020376-00020650 rock in the size range 4.75 millimeters
6rE72EZRUU0-00091-00020651-00020947 to 100 millimetres particles larger than
6rE72EZRUU0-00092-00020948-00021565 gravel are called cobbles and boulders
6rE72EZRUU0-00093-00021566-00022214 topic transport soil deposits are
6rE72EZRUU0-00094-00022215-00022400 affected by the mechanism of transport
6rE72EZRUU0-00095-00022401-00022658 and deposition to their location soils
6rE72EZRUU0-00096-00022659-00022796 that are not transported are called
6rE72EZRUU0-00097-00022797-00023033 residual soils they exist at the same
6rE72EZRUU0-00098-00023034-00023186 location as the rock from which they
6rE72EZRUU0-00099-00023187-00023428 were generated decomposed granite is a
6rE72EZRUU0-00100-00023429-00023659 common example of a residual soil the
6rE72EZRUU0-00101-00023660-00023836 common mechanisms of transport are the
6rE72EZRUU0-00102-00023837-00024068 actions of gravity ice water and wind
6rE72EZRUU0-00103-00024069-00024347 wind blowing soils include Jun sands and
6rE72EZRUU0-00104-00024348-00024553 Lois water carries particles of
6rE72EZRUU0-00105-00024554-00024725 different size depending on the speed of
6rE72EZRUU0-00106-00024726-00024908 the water thus soils transported by
6rE72EZRUU0-00107-00024909-00025108 water are graded according to their size
6rE72EZRUU0-00108-00025109-00025358 silt and clay may settle out in a lake
6rE72EZRUU0-00109-00025359-00025522 and gravel and sand collect at the
6rE72EZRUU0-00110-00025523-00025771 bottom of a riverbed windblown salt
6rE72EZRUU0-00111-00025772-00025984 deposits alien soils also tend to be
6rE72EZRUU0-00112-00025985-00026179 sorted according to their grain size
6rE72EZRUU0-00113-00026180-00026395 erosion at the base of glaciers is
6rE72EZRUU0-00114-00026396-00026567 powerful enough to pick up large rocks
6rE72EZRUU0-00115-00026568-00026770 and boulders as well as soil soils
6rE72EZRUU0-00116-00026772-00026930 by melting ice can be a well graded
6rE72EZRUU0-00117-00026931-00027177 mixture of widely varying particle sizes
6rE72EZRUU0-00118-00027179-00027404 gravity on its own may also carry
6rE72EZRUU0-00119-00027405-00027566 particles down from the top of a
6rE72EZRUU0-00120-00027567-00027733 mountain to make a pile of soil and
6rE72EZRUU0-00121-00027735-00027911 boulders at the base soil deposits
6rE72EZRUU0-00122-00027912-00028100 transported by gravity are called Kalu
6rE72EZRUU0-00123-00028101-00028310 viim the mechanism of transport also has
6rE72EZRUU0-00124-00028311-00028570 a major effect on the particle shape for
6rE72EZRUU0-00125-00028572-00028760 example low velocity grinding in a
6rE72EZRUU0-00126-00028761-00028975 riverbed will produce rounded particles
6rE72EZRUU0-00127-00028976-00029219 freshly fractured Colombian particles
6rE72EZRUU0-00128-00029220-00029906 often have a very angular shape topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00129-00029907-00031144 soil composition topic soil mineralogy
6rE72EZRUU0-00130-00031145-00031408 silts sands and gravels are classified
6rE72EZRUU0-00131-00031410-00031598 by their size and hence they may consist
6rE72EZRUU0-00132-00031599-00031844 of a variety of minerals owing to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00133-00031845-00032018 stability of quartz compared to other
6rE72EZRUU0-00134-00032019-00032210 rock minerals quartz is the most common
6rE72EZRUU0-00135-00032211-00032477 constituent of sand and silt mica and
6rE72EZRUU0-00136-00032477-00032645 feldspar are other common minerals
6rE72EZRUU0-00137-00032645-00032903 present in sands and silts the mineral
6rE72EZRUU0-00138-00032904-00033065 constituents of gravel may be more
6rE72EZRUU0-00139-00033066-00033317 similar to that of the parent rock the
6rE72EZRUU0-00140-00033318-00033470 common clay minerals are montmorillonite
6rE72EZRUU0-00141-00033471-00033713 or smectite illite and kala night or
6rE72EZRUU0-00142-00033714-00033956 Kalyan these minerals tend to form in
6rE72EZRUU0-00143-00033957-00034121 shape or plate like structures with
6rE72EZRUU0-00144-00034122-00034280 length typically ranging between 10
6rE72EZRUU0-00145-00034281-00034505 minus 7 meters and 4 by 10 minus 6
6rE72EZRUU0-00146-00034506-00034679 meters in thickness typically ranging
6rE72EZRUU0-00147-00034680-00034961 between 10 - 9 meters and 2 by 10 - 6
6rE72EZRUU0-00148-00034962-00035120 meters and they have a relatively large
6rE72EZRUU0-00149-00035121-00035393 specific surface area the specific
6rE72EZRUU0-00150-00035394-00035615 surface area s si is defined as the
6rE72EZRUU0-00151-00035616-00035815 ratio of the surface area of particles
6rE72EZRUU0-00152-00035816-00036040 to the mass of the particles clay
6rE72EZRUU0-00153-00036041-00036215 minerals typically have specific surface
6rE72EZRUU0-00154-00036216-00036437 areas in the range of 10 to 1,000 square
6rE72EZRUU0-00155-00036438-00036704 meters per gram of solid due to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00156-00036705-00036865 large surface area available for
6rE72EZRUU0-00157-00036866-00037106 chemical electrostatic and Vander Waals
6rE72EZRUU0-00158-00037107-00037292 interaction the mechanical behavior of
6rE72EZRUU0-00159-00037293-00037484 clay minerals is very sensitive to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00160-00037485-00037652 amount of pore fluid available and the
6rE72EZRUU0-00161-00037653-00037829 type and amount of dissolved ions in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00162-00037830-00038090 pore fluid to anticipate the effect of
6rE72EZRUU0-00163-00038091-00038288 clay on the way a soil will behave it is
6rE72EZRUU0-00164-00038289-00038477 necessary to know the kinds of clays as
6rE72EZRUU0-00165-00038478-00038696 well as the amount prison as home
6rE72EZRUU0-00166-00038697-00038879 builders and highway engineers know all
6rE72EZRUU0-00167-00038880-00038939 too well
6rE72EZRUU0-00168-00038940-00039110 soils containing certain high activity
6rE72EZRUU0-00169-00039111-00039329 clays make very unstable material on
6rE72EZRUU0-00170-00039330-00039476 which to build because they swell when
6rE72EZRUU0-00171-00039477-00039725 wet and shrink when dry this shrink and
6rE72EZRUU0-00172-00039726-00039860 swell action can easily crack
6rE72EZRUU0-00173-00039861-00040058 foundations and cause retaining walls to
6rE72EZRUU0-00174-00040059-00040160 collapse
6rE72EZRUU0-00175-00040161-00040376 these clays also become extremely sticky
6rE72EZRUU0-00176-00040377-00040526 and difficult to work with when they are
6rE72EZRUU0-00177-00040527-00040799 wet in contrast low activity clays
6rE72EZRUU0-00178-00040800-00040993 formed under different conditions can be
6rE72EZRUU0-00179-00040994-00041270 very stable and easy to work with the
6rE72EZRUU0-00180-00041271-00041426 minerals of soils are predominantly
6rE72EZRUU0-00181-00041427-00041630 formed by atoms of oxygen silicon
6rE72EZRUU0-00182-00041631-00041836 hydrogen and aluminum organized in
6rE72EZRUU0-00183-00041837-00042107 various crystalline forms these elements
6rE72EZRUU0-00184-00042108-00042280 along with calcium sodium potassium
6rE72EZRUU0-00185-00042281-00042643 magnesium and carbon constitute over 99%
6rE72EZRUU0-00186-00042644-00043373 of the solid mass of soils topic grain
6rE72EZRUU0-00187-00043374-00043921 size distribution soils consist of a
6rE72EZRUU0-00188-00043922-00044089 mixture of particles of different size
6rE72EZRUU0-00189-00044090-00044368 shape and mineralogy because the size of
6rE72EZRUU0-00190-00044369-00044504 the particles obviously has a
6rE72EZRUU0-00191-00044505-00044665 significant effect on the soil behavior
6rE72EZRUU0-00192-00044666-00044849 the grain size and grain size
6rE72EZRUU0-00193-00044850-00045052 distribution are used to classify soils
6rE72EZRUU0-00194-00045053-00045326 the grain size distribution describes
6rE72EZRUU0-00195-00045327-00045508 the relative proportions of particles of
6rE72EZRUU0-00196-00045509-00045773 various sizes the grain size is often
6rE72EZRUU0-00197-00045774-00045926 visualized in a cumulative distribution
6rE72EZRUU0-00198-00045927-00046139 graph which for example what's the
6rE72EZRUU0-00199-00046140-00046310 percentage of particles finer than a
6rE72EZRUU0-00200-00046311-00046570 given size as a function of size the
6rE72EZRUU0-00201-00046571-00047140 median grain size d50 display style D
6rE72EZRUU0-00202-00047141-00047476 underscore 50 is the size for which 50%
6rE72EZRUU0-00203-00047477-00047680 of the particle mass consists of finer
6rE72EZRUU0-00204-00047681-00047983 particles soil behavior especially the
6rE72EZRUU0-00205-00047984-00048173 hydraulic conductivity tends to be
6rE72EZRUU0-00206-00048174-00048368 dominated by the smaller particles hence
6rE72EZRUU0-00207-00048369-00048957 the term effective size denoted by d-10
6rE72EZRUU0-00208-00048958-00049345 display style d underscore 10 is defined
6rE72EZRUU0-00209-00049346-00049532 as the size for which 10% of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00210-00049533-00049685 particle mass consists of finer
6rE72EZRUU0-00211-00049686-00049999 particles sands and gravels that possess
6rE72EZRUU0-00212-00050000-00050192 a wide range of particle sizes with a
6rE72EZRUU0-00213-00050193-00050374 smooth distribution of particle sizes
6rE72EZRUU0-00214-00050375-00050671 are called well graded soils if the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00215-00050672-00050867 particles in a sample are predominantly
6rE72EZRUU0-00216-00050868-00051061 in a relatively narrow range of sizes
6rE72EZRUU0-00217-00051062-00051370 the sample is uniformly graded if a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00218-00051371-00051536 sample has distinct gaps in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00219-00051537-00051763 gradation curve eg a mixture of gravel
6rE72EZRUU0-00220-00051764-00051970 and fine sand with no coarse sand the
6rE72EZRUU0-00221-00051971-00052231 sample may be gap graded uniformly
6rE72EZRUU0-00222-00052232-00052420 graded and gap graded soils are both
6rE72EZRUU0-00223-00052421-00052663 considered to be poorly graded there are
6rE72EZRUU0-00224-00052664-00052843 many methods for measuring particle size
6rE72EZRUU0-00225-00052844-00053063 distribution the two traditional methods
6rE72EZRUU0-00226-00053064-00053204 are sieve analysis and hydrometer
6rE72EZRUU0-00227-00053204-00053662 analysis
6rE72EZRUU0-00228-00053663-00054229 topic sieve analysis the size
6rE72EZRUU0-00229-00054230-00054386 distribution of gravel and sand
6rE72EZRUU0-00230-00054387-00054548 particles are typically measured using
6rE72EZRUU0-00231-00054549-00054833 sieve analysis the formal procedure is
6rE72EZRUU0-00232-00054834-00055330 described in ASTM D 691 304 2009 a stack
6rE72EZRUU0-00233-00055332-00055508 of sibs with accurately dimension holes
6rE72EZRUU0-00234-00055509-00055688 between a mesh of Lies is used to
6rE72EZRUU0-00235-00055689-00055891 separate the particles into size bins a
6rE72EZRUU0-00236-00055892-00056147 known volume of dried soil with clods
6rE72EZRUU0-00237-00056148-00056348 broken down to individual particles is
6rE72EZRUU0-00238-00056349-00056510 put into the top of a stack of sieves
6rE72EZRUU0-00239-00056511-00056755 arranged from coarse to fine the stack
6rE72EZRUU0-00240-00056757-00056915 of sieves is shaken for a standard
6rE72EZRUU0-00241-00056916-00057104 period of time so that the particles are
6rE72EZRUU0-00242-00057104-00057377 sorted into size bins this method works
6rE72EZRUU0-00243-00057378-00057545 reasonably well for particles in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00244-00057546-00057785 sand and gravel size range fine
6rE72EZRUU0-00245-00057786-00057938 particles tend to stick to each other
6rE72EZRUU0-00246-00057939-00058133 and hence the Civic process is not an
6rE72EZRUU0-00247-00058134-00058352 effective method if there are a lot of
6rE72EZRUU0-00248-00058353-00058567 fines silt and clay present in the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00249-00058569-00058763 it may be necessary to run water through
6rE72EZRUU0-00250-00058764-00058930 the sibs to wash the coarse particles
6rE72EZRUU0-00251-00058932-00059213 and clods through a variety of sieve
6rE72EZRUU0-00252-00059214-00059420 sizes are available the boundary between
6rE72EZRUU0-00253-00059421-00059675 sand and silt is arbitrary according to
6rE72EZRUU0-00254-00059676-00059894 the unified soil classification system a
6rE72EZRUU0-00255-00059895-00060091 number 4 sieve for openings per inch
6rE72EZRUU0-00256-00060092-00060292 having four point seven five millimeters
6rE72EZRUU0-00257-00060294-00060491 opening size separates sand from gravel
6rE72EZRUU0-00258-00060491-00060782 and a number 200 sieve within 0.075
6rE72EZRUU0-00259-00060783-00060974 millimeters opening separates sand from
6rE72EZRUU0-00260-00060975-00061208 silt and clay according to the British
6rE72EZRUU0-00261-00061209-00061484 Standard 0.06 three millimetres is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00262-00061485-00061679 boundary between sand and silt and two
6rE72EZRUU0-00263-00061679-00061859 millimetres is the boundary between sand
6rE72EZRUU0-00264-00061860-00062909 and gravel topic hydrometer analysis the
6rE72EZRUU0-00265-00062910-00063125 classification of fine-grained soils ie
6rE72EZRUU0-00266-00063126-00063311 soils that are finer than sand is
6rE72EZRUU0-00267-00063312-00063491 determined primarily by their outer Berg
6rE72EZRUU0-00268-00063491-00063764 limits not by their grain size if it is
6rE72EZRUU0-00269-00063765-00063932 important to determine the grain size
6rE72EZRUU0-00270-00063933-00064133 distribution of fine-grained soils the
6rE72EZRUU0-00271-00064134-00064394 hydrometer test may be performed in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00272-00064395-00064607 hydrometer tests the soil particles are
6rE72EZRUU0-00273-00064608-00064784 mixed with water and shaken to produce a
6rE72EZRUU0-00274-00064785-00064946 dilute suspension in a glass cylinder
6rE72EZRUU0-00275-00064947-00065154 and then the cylinder is left to sit a
6rE72EZRUU0-00276-00065155-00065357 hydrometer is used to measure the
6rE72EZRUU0-00277-00065358-00065540 density of the suspension as a function
6rE72EZRUU0-00278-00065541-00065801 of time clay particles may take several
6rE72EZRUU0-00279-00065802-00065954 hours to sell past the depth of
6rE72EZRUU0-00280-00065955-00066176 measurement of the hydrometer sand
6rE72EZRUU0-00281-00066177-00066356 particles may take less than a second
6rE72EZRUU0-00282-00066357-00066524 Stokes law provides the theoretical
6rE72EZRUU0-00283-00066525-00066752 basis to calculate the relationship
6rE72EZRUU0-00284-00066753-00066902 between sedimentation vilasa
6rE72EZRUU0-00285-00066903-00067220 and particle size ASTM provides the
6rE72EZRUU0-00286-00067221-00067391 detailed procedures for performing the
6rE72EZRUU0-00287-00067392-00067688 hydrometer test clay particles can be
6rE72EZRUU0-00288-00067689-00067832 sufficiently small that they never
6rE72EZRUU0-00289-00067833-00067958 settle because they are kept in
6rE72EZRUU0-00290-00067959-00068156 suspension by Brownian motion in which
6rE72EZRUU0-00291-00068157-00068812 case they may be classified as colloids
6rE72EZRUU0-00292-00068813-00069443 topic mass volume relations there are a
6rE72EZRUU0-00293-00069444-00069635 variety of parameters used to describe
6rE72EZRUU0-00294-00069636-00069800 the relative proportions of air water
6rE72EZRUU0-00295-00069801-00070067 and solid in a soil this section defines
6rE72EZRUU0-00296-00070068-00070229 these parameters and some of their
6rE72EZRUU0-00297-00070230-00070481 interrelationships the basic notation is
6rE72EZRUU0-00298-00070482-00070979 as follows V a display style V
6rE72EZRUU0-00299-00070980-00071531 underscore a V W display style V
6rE72EZRUU0-00300-00071532-00072203 underscore W and V s displace tile V
6rE72EZRUU0-00301-00072204-00072500 underscore s represent the volumes of
6rE72EZRUU0-00302-00072501-00072857 air water and solids in a soil mixture W
6rE72EZRUU0-00303-00072858-00073609 a display style W underscore a w w
6rE72EZRUU0-00304-00073610-00074320 display style W underscore W and W yes
6rE72EZRUU0-00305-00074321-00074729 display style W underscore s represent
6rE72EZRUU0-00306-00074730-00074915 the weights of air water and solids in a
6rE72EZRUU0-00307-00074916-00075404 soil mixture M a display style M
6rE72EZRUU0-00308-00075405-00075944 underscore a M W display style M
6rE72EZRUU0-00309-00075945-00076607 underscore W and M yes display style M
6rE72EZRUU0-00310-00076608-00076928 underscore s represent the masses of air
6rE72EZRUU0-00311-00076929-00077401 water and solids in a soil mixture Rho
6rE72EZRUU0-00312-00077402-00078040 display style Rho underscore huh Rho W
6rE72EZRUU0-00313-00078041-00078428 this play style Rho underscore W
6rE72EZRUU0-00314-00078429-00078905 and row yes display style grow
6rE72EZRUU0-00315-00078906-00079211 underscore s represent the densities of
6rE72EZRUU0-00316-00079212-00079415 the constituents here water and solids
6rE72EZRUU0-00317-00079416-00079691 in a soul mixture note that the weights
6rE72EZRUU0-00318-00079692-00079918 W can be obtained by multiplying the
6rE72EZRUU0-00319-00079919-00080099 mass M by the acceleration due to
6rE72EZRUU0-00320-00080100-00081173 gravity G eg w s equals M yes G display
6rE72EZRUU0-00321-00081174-00081428 style W underscore s equals M underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00322-00081429-00081785 s G specific gravity is the ratio of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00323-00081786-00081971 density of one material compared to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00324-00081972-00082774 density of pure water Rho W equals 1 G
6rE72EZRUU0-00325-00082775-00083396 see M free display style Rho underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00326-00083397-00083662 W equals 1 gram per centimeter karat
6rE72EZRUU0-00327-00083663-00084237 free specific gravity of solids G s
6rE72EZRUU0-00328-00084238-00085075 equals Rho s Rho W display style G
6rE72EZRUU0-00329-00085076-00085318 underscore s equals frac Rho underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00330-00085319-00085675 escrow underscore W note that specific
6rE72EZRUU0-00331-00085676-00085829 weight conventionally denoted by the
6rE72EZRUU0-00332-00085830-00086344 symbol gamma display staff gamma may be
6rE72EZRUU0-00333-00086345-00086698 obtained by multiplying the density Rho
6rE72EZRUU0-00334-00086699-00087059 display style Rho of a material by the
6rE72EZRUU0-00335-00087060-00087487 acceleration due to gravity G displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-00336-00087488-00087824 Algie density bulb density or wet
6rE72EZRUU0-00337-00087825-00088306 density Rho this play style Rho are
6rE72EZRUU0-00338-00088307-00088475 different names for the density of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00339-00088476-00088768 mixture ie the total mass of air water
6rE72EZRUU0-00340-00088769-00089005 solids divided by the total volume of
6rE72EZRUU0-00341-00089006-00089204 air water and solids the mass of air is
6rE72EZRUU0-00342-00089205-00089440 assumed to be 0 for practical purposes
6rE72EZRUU0-00343-00089441-00091241 Rho equals M s plus M W v s plus v w + V
6rE72EZRUU0-00344-00091242-00091612 a equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00345-00091613-00092341 M T V T display style row equals frac M
6rE72EZRUU0-00346-00092342-00092605 underscore s plus M underscore w V
6rE72EZRUU0-00347-00092606-00092893 underscore s plus V underscore W plus V
6rE72EZRUU0-00348-00092894-00093112 underscore R equals frac em underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00349-00093113-00093738 tee vee underscore t dry density Rho D
6rE72EZRUU0-00350-00093739-00094135 display star Rho underscore T is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00351-00094136-00094300 mass of solids divided by the total
6rE72EZRUU0-00352-00094301-00094767 volume of air water and solids Rho D
6rE72EZRUU0-00353-00094768-00095253 equals M yes
6rE72EZRUU0-00354-00095254-00096843 v yes plus V W plus V ay equals M yes V
6rE72EZRUU0-00355-00096844-00097225 T displaced I'll throw underscore D
6rE72EZRUU0-00356-00097226-00097495 equals crack M underscore s V underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00357-00097496-00097795 s plus V underscore W plus V underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00358-00097796-00098014 R equals crack M underscore s V
6rE72EZRUU0-00359-00098015-00098545 underscore t boy intensity Rho display
6rE72EZRUU0-00360-00098546-00098821 style drove defined as the density of
6rE72EZRUU0-00361-00098822-00099001 the mixture minus the density of water
6rE72EZRUU0-00362-00099002-00099226 is useful if the soil is submerged under
6rE72EZRUU0-00363-00099227-00100213 water Rho equals Rho minus Rho W display
6rE72EZRUU0-00364-00100214-00100524 style Rho equals Rho Rho underscore W
6rE72EZRUU0-00365-00100525-00101152 where Rho W display style row underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00366-00101153-00101625 W is the density of water water content
6rE72EZRUU0-00367-00101626-00102178 W this place tile W is the ratio of mass
6rE72EZRUU0-00368-00102179-00102439 of water to mass of solid it is easily
6rE72EZRUU0-00369-00102440-00102589 measured by weighing a sample of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00370-00102590-00102751 soil drying it out in an oven and
6rE72EZRUU0-00371-00102752-00102816 reweighing
6rE72EZRUU0-00372-00102817-00103051 standard procedures are described by
6rE72EZRUU0-00373-00103052-00104693 ASTM w equals M W M s equals w w w s
6rE72EZRUU0-00374-00104694-00104995 display style W equals crack em under
6rE72EZRUU0-00375-00104996-00105298 school WM underscore s equals frac W
6rE72EZRUU0-00376-00105299-00105734 underscore w w underscore s void ratio
6rE72EZRUU0-00377-00105735-00106233 he displaced I li is the ratio of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00378-00106234-00106433 volume of voids to the volume of solids
6rE72EZRUU0-00379-00106434-00108156 B equals V V V s equals V V V t minus V
6rE72EZRUU0-00380-00108157-00109093 V equals N 1 minus and displaced Ally
6rE72EZRUU0-00381-00109094-00109372 equals frac V underscore V V underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00382-00109373-00109626 s equals frac V underscore V V
6rE72EZRUU0-00383-00109627-00109884 underscore t v-- underscore V equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00384-00109885-00110541 crack N 1 N porosity and display style n
6rE72EZRUU0-00385-00110542-00110835 is the ratio of volume of voids to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00386-00110836-00111019 total volume and is related to the void
6rE72EZRUU0-00387-00111020-00112586 ratio n equals V V V T equals V V V s
6rE72EZRUU0-00388-00112588-00113802 plus V V equals e 1 plus e display style
6rE72EZRUU0-00389-00113803-00114046 N equals frac the underscore V V
6rE72EZRUU0-00390-00114047-00114333 underscore t equals frac v underscore v
6rE72EZRUU0-00391-00114334-00114631 v underscore s + v underscore V equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00392-00114632-00115160 frac e 1 plus e degree of saturation s
6rE72EZRUU0-00393-00115161-00115513 display stylus is the ratio of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00394-00115514-00115869 volume of water to the volume of voids s
6rE72EZRUU0-00395-00115870-00116749 equals V W V V display style s equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00396-00116750-00117159 frac v underscore w v underscore v from
6rE72EZRUU0-00397-00117160-00117336 the above definitions some useful
6rE72EZRUU0-00398-00117338-00117510 relationships can be derived by use of
6rE72EZRUU0-00399-00117511-00118405 basic algebra row equals G s plus
6rE72EZRUU0-00400-00118406-00119380 yes the row W 1 plus e displaced I'll
6rE72EZRUU0-00401-00119381-00119650 row equals frac G underscore s plus say
6rE72EZRUU0-00402-00119651-00120300 row underscore W 1 plus e Rho equals 1
6rE72EZRUU0-00403-00120301-00121606 plus W G yes row W 1 plus e display
6rE72EZRUU0-00404-00121607-00121870 style row equals frac 1 plus w g--
6rE72EZRUU0-00405-00121871-00122367 underscore s row underscore w 1 plus e w
6rE72EZRUU0-00406-00122368-00123232 equals s e-g yes display style W equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00407-00123233-00123997 frac se G underscore s topic soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00408-00123998-00124591 classification geotechnical engineers
6rE72EZRUU0-00409-00124592-00124795 classify the soil particle types by
6rE72EZRUU0-00410-00124796-00124963 performing tests on disturbed ride
6rE72EZRUU0-00411-00124964-00125113 passed through sieves and remolded
6rE72EZRUU0-00412-00125114-00125350 samples of the soil this provides
6rE72EZRUU0-00413-00125351-00125539 information about the characteristics of
6rE72EZRUU0-00414-00125540-00125688 the soil grains themselves
6rE72EZRUU0-00415-00125689-00125878 classification of the types of grains
6rE72EZRUU0-00416-00125879-00126049 present in a soil does not account for
6rE72EZRUU0-00417-00126050-00126217 important effects of the structure or
6rE72EZRUU0-00418-00126218-00126376 fabric of the soil terms that describe
6rE72EZRUU0-00419-00126377-00126544 compactness of the particles and
6rE72EZRUU0-00420-00126545-00126688 patterns in the arrangement of particles
6rE72EZRUU0-00421-00126689-00126885 in a load-carrying framework as well as
6rE72EZRUU0-00422-00126886-00127011 the pore size and pore fluid
6rE72EZRUU0-00423-00127013-00127303 distributions engineering geologists
6rE72EZRUU0-00424-00127304-00127485 also classify soils based on their
6rE72EZRUU0-00425-00127486-00128238 Genesis and depositional history topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00426-00128239-00128835 classification of soil grains in the US
6rE72EZRUU0-00427-00128836-00129022 and other countries the unified soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00428-00129023-00129307 classification system USCS is often used
6rE72EZRUU0-00429-00129308-00129514 for soil classification other
6rE72EZRUU0-00430-00129515-00129691 classification systems include the
6rE72EZRUU0-00431-00129692-00129889 british standard BS five thousand nine
6rE72EZRUU0-00432-00129890-00130132 hundred and thirty in the AASHTO soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00433-00130133-00130811 classification system topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00434-00130813-00130942 classification of
6rE72EZRUU0-00435-00130943-00131548 and gravels in the USCS gravels given
6rE72EZRUU0-00436-00131549-00131743 the symbol G and sands given the symbol
6rE72EZRUU0-00437-00131744-00131905 s are classified according to their
6rE72EZRUU0-00438-00131906-00132196 grain size distribution for the USCS
6rE72EZRUU0-00439-00132197-00132394 gravels may be given the classification
6rE72EZRUU0-00440-00132395-00132676 symbol G W well graded gravel GP poorly
6rE72EZRUU0-00441-00132677-00132871 graded gravel GM gravel with a large
6rE72EZRUU0-00442-00132872-00133105 amount of silt or GC gravel with a large
6rE72EZRUU0-00443-00133106-00133192 amount of clay
6rE72EZRUU0-00444-00133193-00133432 likewise sands may be classified as
6rE72EZRUU0-00445-00133433-00133801 being s w SP SM or SC sands and gravels
6rE72EZRUU0-00446-00133802-00134014 with a small but non negligible amount
6rE72EZRUU0-00447-00134015-00134248 of fines 5 to 12 percent may be given a
6rE72EZRUU0-00448-00134249-00135034 dual classification such as SW SC topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00449-00135035-00135598 atterberg limits clays and silts often
6rE72EZRUU0-00450-00135599-00135805 called fine-grained soils are classified
6rE72EZRUU0-00451-00135806-00135973 according to their outer Berg limits the
6rE72EZRUU0-00452-00135974-00136153 most commonly used a de Burgh limits of
6rE72EZRUU0-00453-00136154-00136626 the liquid limit denoted by L or W L
6rE72EZRUU0-00454-00136627-00137017 display style W underscore L plastic
6rE72EZRUU0-00455-00137018-00137578 limit denoted by place or W P display
6rE72EZRUU0-00456-00137579-00137893 style W underscore P and shrinkage limit
6rE72EZRUU0-00457-00137894-00138202 denoted by a cell the liquid limit is
6rE72EZRUU0-00458-00138203-00138337 the water content at which the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00459-00138338-00138517 behavior transitions from a plastic
6rE72EZRUU0-00460-00138518-00138793 solid to a liquid the plastic limit is
6rE72EZRUU0-00461-00138794-00138928 the water content at which the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00462-00138929-00139105 behavior transitions from that of a
6rE72EZRUU0-00463-00139106-00139345 plastic solid to a brittle solid the
6rE72EZRUU0-00464-00139346-00139531 shrinkage limit corresponds to a water
6rE72EZRUU0-00465-00139532-00139705 content below which the soil will not
6rE72EZRUU0-00466-00139706-00139957 shrink as it dries the consistency of
6rE72EZRUU0-00467-00139958-00140173 fine-grained soil varies in proportional
6rE72EZRUU0-00468-00140174-00140452 to the water content in a soil as the
6rE72EZRUU0-00469-00140453-00140596 transitions from one state to another
6rE72EZRUU0-00470-00140597-00140782 are gradual the tests have adopted
6rE72EZRUU0-00471-00140783-00140962 arbitrary definitions to determine the
6rE72EZRUU0-00472-00140963-00141187 boundaries of the states the liquid
6rE72EZRUU0-00473-00141188-00141343 limit is determined by measuring the
6rE72EZRUU0-00474-00141344-00141526 water content for which a groove closes
6rE72EZRUU0-00475-00141527-00141765 after 25 blows in a standard test
6rE72EZRUU0-00476-00141766-00142009 alternatively a fall cone test apparatus
6rE72EZRUU0-00477-00142010-00142192 may be used to measure the liquid limit
6rE72EZRUU0-00478-00142193-00142441 the undrained shear strength of remolded
6rE72EZRUU0-00479-00142442-00142564 soil at the liquid limit is
6rE72EZRUU0-00480-00142565-00142816 approximately 2 kilo Pascal's the
6rE72EZRUU0-00481-00142817-00143002 plastic limit is the water content below
6rE72EZRUU0-00482-00143003-00143200 which it is not possible to roll by hand
6rE72EZRUU0-00483-00143201-00143359 the soil into three millimeters diameter
6rE72EZRUU0-00484-00143360-00143653 cylinders the soil cracks or breaks up
6rE72EZRUU0-00485-00143654-00143835 as it is rolled down to this diameter
6rE72EZRUU0-00486-00143836-00144070 remolded soil at the plastic limit is
6rE72EZRUU0-00487-00144071-00144235 quite stiff having an undrained shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00488-00144236-00144334 strength of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00489-00144335-00144565 about 200 kiloPascals the plasticity
6rE72EZRUU0-00490-00144566-00144787 index of a particular soil specimen is
6rE72EZRUU0-00491-00144788-00144937 defined as the difference between the
6rE72EZRUU0-00492-00144938-00145096 liquid limit and the plastic limit of
6rE72EZRUU0-00493-00145097-00145258 the specimen it is an indicator of how
6rE72EZRUU0-00494-00145259-00145447 much water the soil particles in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00495-00145448-00145627 specimen can absorb and correlates with
6rE72EZRUU0-00496-00145628-00145777 many engineering properties like
6rE72EZRUU0-00497-00145778-00145984 permeability compressibility she has
6rE72EZRUU0-00498-00145985-00146227 strengths and others generally the clay
6rE72EZRUU0-00499-00146228-00146386 having high plasticity have lower
6rE72EZRUU0-00500-00146387-00146557 permeability and also they are also
6rE72EZRUU0-00501-00146558-00147249 difficult to be compacted topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00502-00147250-00147750 classification of silts and clays
6rE72EZRUU0-00503-00147751-00147946 according to the unified soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00504-00147947-00148213 classification system USCS silts and
6rE72EZRUU0-00505-00148214-00148378 clays are classified by plotting the
6rE72EZRUU0-00506-00148379-00148555 values of their plasticity index and
6rE72EZRUU0-00507-00148556-00148804 liquid limit on a plasticity chart the a
6rE72EZRUU0-00508-00148805-00149020 line on the chart separates clays given
6rE72EZRUU0-00509-00149021-00149263 the USCS symbol C from silts given the
6rE72EZRUU0-00510-00149264-00149497 symbol M L equals 50 percent separates
6rE72EZRUU0-00511-00149498-00149659 high plasticity soils given the
6rE72EZRUU0-00512-00149660-00149851 modifiers symbol H from low plasticity
6rE72EZRUU0-00513-00149852-00150166 soils given the modifier symbol L a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00514-00150167-00150340 their plots above the a line and has all
6rE72EZRUU0-00515-00150341-00150556 greater than 50% would for example be
6rE72EZRUU0-00516-00150557-00150820 classified as CH other possible
6rE72EZRUU0-00517-00150821-00150985 classifications of silts and clays are
6rE72EZRUU0-00518-00150986-00151315 ml CL and MH if the adder burg limits
6rE72EZRUU0-00519-00151316-00151576 plot in the hatched region on the graph
6rE72EZRUU0-00520-00151577-00151762 near the origin the soils are given the
6rE72EZRUU0-00521-00151763-00152593 dual classification CL ml topic indices
6rE72EZRUU0-00522-00152594-00153544 related to soil strength topic liquidity
6rE72EZRUU0-00523-00153545-00154075 index the effects of the water content
6rE72EZRUU0-00524-00154076-00154246 on the strength of saturated remolded
6rE72EZRUU0-00525-00154247-00154429 soils can be quantified by the use of
6rE72EZRUU0-00526-00154430-00155175 the liquidity index Li L I equals W
6rE72EZRUU0-00527-00155176-00156403 minus P L L L minus P L display style Li
6rE72EZRUU0-00528-00156404-00156757 equals frac W place old place when the
6rE72EZRUU0-00529-00156758-00156967 LR is 1 remolded soil is at the liquid
6rE72EZRUU0-00530-00156968-00157105 limit and it has an undrained shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00531-00157106-00157381 strength of about 2 kilo Pascal's when
6rE72EZRUU0-00532-00157382-00157570 the soil is at the plastic limit the Li
6rE72EZRUU0-00533-00157571-00157728 is 0 and the undrained shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00534-00157729-00158482 strength is about 200 kilo pascals topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00535-00158483-00159039 relative density the density of sands
6rE72EZRUU0-00536-00159040-00159201 cohesionless soils is often
6rE72EZRUU0-00537-00159202-00159677 characterized by the relative density d
6rE72EZRUU0-00538-00159678-00160211 displaced i'll the underscore are d ah
6rE72EZRUU0-00539-00160212-00161743 equals the M a X minus the e/m a X minus
6rE72EZRUU0-00540-00161744-00162786 e m I n 100% display style D underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00541-00162787-00163038 R equals frac he underscore max de
6rE72EZRUU0-00542-00163039-00163379 underscore max the underscore means 100%
6rE72EZRUU0-00543-00163380-00164146 where he M hey X this place down
6rE72EZRUU0-00544-00164147-00164522 underscore max is the maximum void ratio
6rE72EZRUU0-00545-00164523-00164985 corresponding to a very loose state e m
6rE72EZRUU0-00546-00164986-00165651 I n displaced I'll he underscore mean is
6rE72EZRUU0-00547-00165652-00165978 the minimum void ratio corresponding to
6rE72EZRUU0-00548-00165979-00166374 a very dense state and E displaced Ali
6rE72EZRUU0-00549-00166375-00166795 is the in-situ void ratio methods used
6rE72EZRUU0-00550-00166796-00166962 to calculate relative density are
6rE72EZRUU0-00551-00166963-00167364 defined in ASTM D 4 to 5 400 2006 thus
6rE72EZRUU0-00552-00167365-00168276 if d ah equals 100% display style d
6rE72EZRUU0-00553-00168277-00168631 underscore R equals 100 percent the sand
6rE72EZRUU0-00554-00168632-00169100 or gravel is very dense and if d ah
6rE72EZRUU0-00555-00169101-00169677 equals zero percent display style d
6rE72EZRUU0-00556-00169678-00169984 underscore R equals zero percent the
6rE72EZRUU0-00557-00169985-00170666 soil is extremely loose and unstable
6rE72EZRUU0-00558-00170667-00170816 topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00559-00170817-00171297 steady-state flow of water
6rE72EZRUU0-00560-00171298-00171586 if fluid pressures in a soil deposit are
6rE72EZRUU0-00561-00171587-00171736 uniformly increasing with depth
6rE72EZRUU0-00562-00171737-00172803 according to u equals Rho W G Z W
6rE72EZRUU0-00563-00172804-00173146 display style u equals bro underscore WG
6rE72EZRUU0-00564-00173147-00173464 z underscore W then hydrostatic
6rE72EZRUU0-00565-00173465-00173626 conditions will prevail in the fluids
6rE72EZRUU0-00566-00173627-00174087 will not be flowing through the soil Z W
6rE72EZRUU0-00567-00174088-00174481 display styles that underscore W is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00568-00174482-00174739 depth below the water table however if
6rE72EZRUU0-00569-00174740-00174937 the water table is sloping or there is a
6rE72EZRUU0-00570-00174938-00175123 perched water table as indicated in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00571-00175124-00175300 accompanying sketch then seepage will
6rE72EZRUU0-00572-00175301-00175546 occur for steady state seepage the
6rE72EZRUU0-00573-00175547-00175726 seepage velocities are not varying with
6rE72EZRUU0-00574-00175727-00175978 time if the water tables are changing
6rE72EZRUU0-00575-00175979-00176158 levels with time or if the soil is in
6rE72EZRUU0-00576-00176159-00176365 the process of consolidation then steady
6rE72EZRUU0-00577-00176366-00177091 state conditions do not apply topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00578-00177092-00177685 Darcy's law Darcy's law states that the
6rE72EZRUU0-00579-00177686-00177856 volume of flow of the poor fluid through
6rE72EZRUU0-00580-00177857-00178042 a porous medium per unit time is
6rE72EZRUU0-00581-00178043-00178207 proportional to the rate of change of
6rE72EZRUU0-00582-00178208-00178459 excess fluid pressure with distance the
6rE72EZRUU0-00583-00178460-00178654 constant of proportionality includes the
6rE72EZRUU0-00584-00178655-00178831 viscosity of the fluid and the intrinsic
6rE72EZRUU0-00585-00178832-00179107 permeability of the soil for the simple
6rE72EZRUU0-00586-00179108-00179269 case of a horizontal tube filled with
6rE72EZRUU0-00587-00179270-00180930 soil Q equals minus K a mu u v- u a l
6rE72EZRUU0-00588-00180931-00181276 displaced R Q equals frack car mu frak
6rE72EZRUU0-00589-00181277-00181645 you underscore bu underscore al the
6rE72EZRUU0-00590-00181646-00182088 total discharge Q displaced our view
6rE72EZRUU0-00591-00182089-00182434 having units of volume per time eg cubic
6rE72EZRUU0-00592-00182435-00182599 foot per second or cubic meter per
6rE72EZRUU0-00593-00182600-00182809 second is proportional to the intrinsic
6rE72EZRUU0-00594-00182810-00183322 permeability okay display style K the
6rE72EZRUU0-00595-00183323-00183736 cross sectional area a display style a
6rE72EZRUU0-00596-00183737-00184006 and rate of pore pressure change with
6rE72EZRUU0-00597-00184007-00184509 distance view b-minus
6rE72EZRUU0-00598-00184510-00185049 you hey L displaced I'll crack you
6rE72EZRUU0-00599-00185050-00185348 underscore B you underscore Al and
6rE72EZRUU0-00600-00185349-00185588 inversely proportional to the dynamic
6rE72EZRUU0-00601-00185589-00185994 viscosity of the fluid mu displaced I'll
6rE72EZRUU0-00602-00185995-00186270 mute the negative sign is needed because
6rE72EZRUU0-00603-00186271-00186444 fluids flow from high pressure to low
6rE72EZRUU0-00604-00186445-00186725 pressure so if the change in pressure is
6rE72EZRUU0-00605-00186726-00187196 negative in the X displaced ilex
6rE72EZRUU0-00606-00187197-00187422 direction then the flow will be positive
6rE72EZRUU0-00607-00187423-00188012 in the X display style X direction the
6rE72EZRUU0-00608-00188013-00188169 above equation works well for a
6rE72EZRUU0-00609-00188170-00188339 horizontal tube but if the tube was
6rE72EZRUU0-00610-00188340-00188525 inclined so that point B was a different
6rE72EZRUU0-00611-00188526-00188690 elevation than point a the equation
6rE72EZRUU0-00612-00188691-00188951 would not work the effect of elevation
6rE72EZRUU0-00613-00188952-00189128 is accounted for by replacing the pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00614-00189129-00189581 pressure by excess pore pressure u he
6rE72EZRUU0-00615-00189582-00189986 displaced I'll you underscore e definers
6rE72EZRUU0-00616-00189987-00191327 u e equals u minus rho w g z displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-00617-00191328-00191540 i'll you underscore e equals u rho
6rE72EZRUU0-00618-00191541-00192161 underscore WG z where z display style Z
6rE72EZRUU0-00619-00192162-00192420 is the depth measured from an arbitrary
6rE72EZRUU0-00620-00192421-00192860 elevation reference datum replacing u
6rE72EZRUU0-00621-00192861-00193541 display style u by u be displaced I'll
6rE72EZRUU0-00622-00193542-00193818 you underscore he we obtain a more
6rE72EZRUU0-00623-00193819-00194365 general equation for flow Q equals minus
6rE72EZRUU0-00624-00194366-00195737 okay a new u.e.b - you e eh
6rE72EZRUU0-00625-00195738-00196139 l display style Q equals frack car mu
6rE72EZRUU0-00626-00196140-00196445 frak you underscore EP you underscore EA
6rE72EZRUU0-00627-00196446-00196554 hell
6rE72EZRUU0-00628-00196555-00196963 dividing both sides of the equation by a
6rE72EZRUU0-00629-00196964-00197309 display style a and expressing the rate
6rE72EZRUU0-00630-00197310-00197483 of change of excess pore pressure as a
6rE72EZRUU0-00631-00197484-00197660 derivative we obtain a more general
6rE72EZRUU0-00632-00197661-00197843 equation for the apparent velocity in
6rE72EZRUU0-00633-00197844-00198883 the X Direction V x equals minus K mu D
6rE72EZRUU0-00634-00198884-00199661 u P D X display style V underscore X
6rE72EZRUU0-00635-00199662-00200032 equals frat K mu frak to underscore EDX
6rE72EZRUU0-00636-00200033-00200972 where V X equals Q hey this play style V
6rE72EZRUU0-00637-00200973-00201326 underscore X equals to UA has units of
6rE72EZRUU0-00638-00201327-00201485 velocity and is called the Darcy
6rE72EZRUU0-00639-00201486-00201638 velocity or the specific discharge
6rE72EZRUU0-00640-00201639-00201827 filtration velocity or superficial
6rE72EZRUU0-00641-00201828-00202102 velocity the pore or interstitial
6rE72EZRUU0-00642-00202103-00202745 velocity V P X display style V
6rE72EZRUU0-00643-00202746-00203087 underscore px is the average velocity of
6rE72EZRUU0-00644-00203088-00203266 fluid molecules in the pores it is
6rE72EZRUU0-00645-00203267-00203440 related to the Darcy velocity in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00646-00203441-00203927 porosity in this place tile n through
6rE72EZRUU0-00647-00203928-00204520 the Dupuis for trimer relationship V P x
6rE72EZRUU0-00648-00204521-00205244 equals V X n display style V underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00649-00205244-00205636 px equals frack V underscore X n some
6rE72EZRUU0-00650-00205637-00205837 authors use the term seepage velocity to
6rE72EZRUU0-00651-00205838-00206035 mean the Darcy velocity while others use
6rE72EZRUU0-00652-00206036-00206300 it to mean the poor velocity civil
6rE72EZRUU0-00653-00206301-00206491 engineers predominantly work on problems
6rE72EZRUU0-00654-00206492-00206659 that involve water and predominantly
6rE72EZRUU0-00655-00206660-00206819 work on problems on earth in Earth's
6rE72EZRUU0-00656-00206819-00207112 gravity for this class of problems civil
6rE72EZRUU0-00657-00207113-00207296 engineers will often write Darcy's law
6rE72EZRUU0-00658-00207296-00207966 in a much simpler form V equals okay I
6rE72EZRUU0-00659-00207967-00208471 display style V equals key where okay
6rE72EZRUU0-00660-00208471-00208805 display star K is the hydraulic
6rE72EZRUU0-00661-00208806-00209121 conductivity defined as K
6rE72EZRUU0-00662-00209121-00210216 equals okay Rho W G mu W display star K
6rE72EZRUU0-00663-00210217-00210519 equals frat K Rho underscore W G mu
6rE72EZRUU0-00664-00210519-00211155 underscore W and I display style I is
6rE72EZRUU0-00665-00211156-00211413 the hydraulic gradient the hydraulic
6rE72EZRUU0-00666-00211414-00211587 gradient is the rate of change of total
6rE72EZRUU0-00667-00211588-00212000 head with distance the total head H
6rE72EZRUU0-00668-00212001-00212379 display style H at a point is defined as
6rE72EZRUU0-00669-00212380-00212505 the height measured relative to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00670-00212506-00212676 datum to which water would rise in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00671-00212677-00212928 piezometer at that point the total head
6rE72EZRUU0-00672-00212929-00213098 is related to the excess water pressure
6rE72EZRUU0-00673-00213100-00214748 by you he equals Rho W G H plus CE o n s
6rE72EZRUU0-00674-00214748-00215502 T a n T display style u underscore e
6rE72EZRUU0-00675-00215503-00215796 equals bro underscore wgh plus constant
6rE72EZRUU0-00676-00215796-00217134 and the CE o n s T a n T display style
6rE72EZRUU0-00677-00217135-00217408 constant is zero if the data
6rE72EZRUU0-00678-00217409-00217565 head measurement is chosen at the same
6rE72EZRUU0-00679-00217566-00217753 elevation as the origin for the depth as
6rE72EZRUU0-00680-00217754-00218257 it used to calculate you he displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-00681-00218258-00219058 I'll you underscore a topic typical
6rE72EZRUU0-00682-00219059-00219655 values of hydraulic conductivity values
6rE72EZRUU0-00683-00219656-00220144 of hydraulic conductivity k displaced RK
6rE72EZRUU0-00684-00220144-00220364 can vary by many orders of magnitude
6rE72EZRUU0-00685-00220365-00220660 depending on the soil type clays may
6rE72EZRUU0-00686-00220661-00220858 have hydraulic conductivity as small as
6rE72EZRUU0-00687-00220859-00221765 about 10-12 m/s display style 10 carat
6rE72EZRUU0-00688-00221766-00222175 -12 frack m/s gravels may have hydraulic
6rE72EZRUU0-00689-00222176-00222981 conductivity up to about 10 - 1 m/s
6rE72EZRUU0-00690-00222982-00223377 display style 10 carat - 1 frack m/s
6rE72EZRUU0-00691-00223378-00223589 layering in heterogeneity and
6rE72EZRUU0-00692-00223590-00223744 disturbance during the sampling and
6rE72EZRUU0-00693-00223746-00223903 testing process make the accurate
6rE72EZRUU0-00694-00223904-00224035 measurement of soil hydraulic
6rE72EZRUU0-00695-00224036-00224694 conductivity a very difficult problem
6rE72EZRUU0-00696-00224696-00225370 topic flow Nets Darcy's law applies in
6rE72EZRUU0-00697-00225371-00225619 one two or three dimensions in two or
6rE72EZRUU0-00698-00225621-00225839 three dimensions steady state seepage is
6rE72EZRUU0-00699-00225840-00226117 described by Laplace's equation computer
6rE72EZRUU0-00700-00226119-00226276 programs are available to solve this
6rE72EZRUU0-00701-00226277-00226432 equation but traditionally
6rE72EZRUU0-00702-00226433-00226606 two-dimensional seepage problems were
6rE72EZRUU0-00703-00226607-00226790 solved using a graphical procedure known
6rE72EZRUU0-00704-00226791-00227050 as flow net one set of lines in the flow
6rE72EZRUU0-00705-00227051-00227194 net are in the direction of the water
6rE72EZRUU0-00706-00227196-00227390 flow flow lines and the other set of
6rE72EZRUU0-00707-00227391-00227578 lines are in the direction of constant
6rE72EZRUU0-00708-00227579-00227864 total head equipotential lines flow Nets
6rE72EZRUU0-00709-00227865-00228028 may be used to estimate the quantity of
6rE72EZRUU0-00710-00228029-00228688 seepage under dams and sheet piling
6rE72EZRUU0-00711-00228689-00229345 topic seepage forces and erosion when
6rE72EZRUU0-00712-00229346-00229551 the seepage velocity is great enough
6rE72EZRUU0-00713-00229552-00229716 can occur because of the frictional drag
6rE72EZRUU0-00714-00229717-00230004 exerted on the soil particles vertically
6rE72EZRUU0-00715-00230005-00230190 up with seepage is a source of danger on
6rE72EZRUU0-00716-00230191-00230361 the downstream side of sheet piling and
6rE72EZRUU0-00717-00230362-00230540 beneath the toe of a dam or levee
6rE72EZRUU0-00718-00230541-00230859 erosion of the soil known as soil piping
6rE72EZRUU0-00719-00230860-00231066 can lead to failure of the structure
6rE72EZRUU0-00720-00231067-00231288 into sinkhole formation seeping water
6rE72EZRUU0-00721-00231289-00231480 removes soil starting from the exit
6rE72EZRUU0-00722-00231481-00231615 point of the seepage and erosion
6rE72EZRUU0-00723-00231616-00231944 advances up gradient the term sand boil
6rE72EZRUU0-00724-00231946-00232169 is used to describe the appearance of
6rE72EZRUU0-00725-00232171-00232335 the discharging end of an active soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00726-00232336-00233466 pipe topic seepage pressures seepage in
6rE72EZRUU0-00727-00233467-00233631 an upward direction reduces the
6rE72EZRUU0-00728-00233632-00233865 effective stress within the soil when
6rE72EZRUU0-00729-00233866-00234015 the water pressure at a point in the
6rE72EZRUU0-00730-00234016-00234173 soil is equal to the total vertical
6rE72EZRUU0-00731-00234175-00234351 stress at that point the effective
6rE72EZRUU0-00732-00234352-00234525 stress is zero and the soul has no
6rE72EZRUU0-00733-00234526-00234794 frictional resistance to deformation for
6rE72EZRUU0-00734-00234796-00234957 a surface layer the vertical effective
6rE72EZRUU0-00735-00234958-00235148 stress becomes zero within the layer
6rE72EZRUU0-00736-00235150-00235326 when the upward hydraulic gradient is
6rE72EZRUU0-00737-00235327-00235584 equal to the critical gradient at zero
6rE72EZRUU0-00738-00235585-00235769 effective stress soul has very little
6rE72EZRUU0-00739-00235771-00235923 strength and layers of relatively
6rE72EZRUU0-00740-00235923-00236121 impermeable soil may heave up due to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00741-00236121-00236376 underlying water pressures the loss in
6rE72EZRUU0-00742-00236377-00236541 strength due to upward seepage is a
6rE72EZRUU0-00743-00236542-00236817 common contributor to levee failures the
6rE72EZRUU0-00744-00236817-00236979 condition of zero effective stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00745-00236980-00237189 associated with upward seepage is also
6rE72EZRUU0-00746-00237190-00237366 called liquefaction quicksand or a
6rE72EZRUU0-00747-00237367-00237648 boiling condition quicksand was so named
6rE72EZRUU0-00748-00237648-00237825 because the soil particles move around
6rE72EZRUU0-00749-00237826-00237996 and appear to be alive the biblical
6rE72EZRUU0-00750-00237996-00238266 meaning of quick as opposed to dead note
6rE72EZRUU0-00751-00238267-00238421 that it is not possible to be sucked
6rE72EZRUU0-00752-00238423-00238701 down into quicksand on the contrary you
6rE72EZRUU0-00753-00238702-00238848 would float with about half your body
6rE72EZRUU0-00754-00238848-00239432 out of the water
6rE72EZRUU0-00755-00239433-00239732 topic effective stress and capillarity
6rE72EZRUU0-00756-00239733-00240387 hydrostatic conditions to understand the
6rE72EZRUU0-00757-00240388-00240582 mechanics of soils it is necessary to
6rE72EZRUU0-00758-00240583-00240750 understand how normal stresses and shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00759-00240751-00240917 stresses are shared by the different
6rE72EZRUU0-00760-00240919-00240969 phases
6rE72EZRUU0-00761-00240969-00241182 neither gas more liquid provides
6rE72EZRUU0-00762-00241183-00241362 significant resistance to shear stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00763-00241363-00241608 the shear resistance of soil is provided
6rE72EZRUU0-00764-00241609-00241752 by friction and interlocking of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00765-00241753-00241992 particles the friction depends on the
6rE72EZRUU0-00766-00241992-00242178 inter granular contact stresses between
6rE72EZRUU0-00767-00242179-00242415 solid particles the normal stresses on
6rE72EZRUU0-00768-00242416-00242592 the other hand are shared by the fluid
6rE72EZRUU0-00769-00242592-00242832 in the particles although the pore air
6rE72EZRUU0-00770-00242833-00242955 is relatively compressed
6rE72EZRUU0-00771-00242956-00243138 and hence takes little normal stress in
6rE72EZRUU0-00772-00243139-00243344 most geotechnical problems liquid water
6rE72EZRUU0-00773-00243346-00243534 is relatively incompressible and if the
6rE72EZRUU0-00774-00243535-00243729 voids are saturated with water the pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00775-00243730-00243906 water must be squeezed out in order to
6rE72EZRUU0-00776-00243907-00244169 pack the particles closer together the
6rE72EZRUU0-00777-00244171-00244367 principle of effective stress introduced
6rE72EZRUU0-00778-00244369-00244548 by karl terzaghi states that the
6rE72EZRUU0-00779-00244548-00244698 effective stress Sigma ie
6rE72EZRUU0-00780-00244698-00244884 the average intergranular stress between
6rE72EZRUU0-00781-00244885-00245094 solid particles may be calculated by a
6rE72EZRUU0-00782-00245094-00245262 simple subtraction of the pore pressure
6rE72EZRUU0-00783-00245263-00245813 from the total stress Sigma equals Sigma
6rE72EZRUU0-00784-00245814-00246330 minus you display style Sigma equals
6rE72EZRUU0-00785-00246331-00246633 Sigma u where Sigma is the total stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00786-00246634-00246879 and U is the pore pressure it is not
6rE72EZRUU0-00787-00246880-00247089 practical to measure Sigma directly so
6rE72EZRUU0-00788-00247090-00247209 in practice the vertical effective
6rE72EZRUU0-00789-00247210-00247398 stress is calculated from the pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00790-00247398-00247646 pressure and vertical total stress the
6rE72EZRUU0-00791-00247648-00247806 distinction between the terms pressure
6rE72EZRUU0-00792-00247807-00247967 and stress is also important
6rE72EZRUU0-00793-00247969-00248175 by definition pressure at a point is
6rE72EZRUU0-00794-00248176-00248364 equal in all directions but stresses at
6rE72EZRUU0-00795-00248365-00248478 a point can be different in different
6rE72EZRUU0-00796-00248479-00248790 directions in soil mechanics compressive
6rE72EZRUU0-00797-00248791-00248952 stresses and pressures are considered to
6rE72EZRUU0-00798-00248953-00249126 be positive and tensile stresses are
6rE72EZRUU0-00799-00249127-00249255 considered to be negative which is
6rE72EZRUU0-00800-00249256-00249429 different from the solid mechanics sign
6rE72EZRUU0-00801-00249430-00250496 convention for stress topic total stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00802-00250496-00250769 for level ground conditions the total
6rE72EZRUU0-00803-00250771-00251198 vertical stress at a point Sigma V
6rE72EZRUU0-00804-00251198-00251519 display style Sigma underscore V on
6rE72EZRUU0-00805-00251519-00251723 average is the weight of everything
6rE72EZRUU0-00806-00251725-00251976 above the point per unit area the
6rE72EZRUU0-00807-00251977-00252144 vertical stress beneath a uniform
6rE72EZRUU0-00808-00252144-00252540 surface layer with density ro display
6rE72EZRUU0-00809-00252541-00253082 style ro and thickness H display style H
6rE72EZRUU0-00810-00253083-00254108 is for example Sigma V equals Rho G H
6rE72EZRUU0-00811-00254109-00254682 equals gamma H display style Sigma
6rE72EZRUU0-00812-00254683-00254967 underscore V equals Rho gh equals gamma
6rE72EZRUU0-00813-00254967-00255585 H where G display stile G is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00814-00255586-00255929 acceleration due to gravity and gamma
6rE72EZRUU0-00815-00255930-00256260 display staff gamma is the unit weight
6rE72EZRUU0-00816-00256261-00256354 of the over line
6rE72EZRUU0-00817-00256355-00256570 laya if there are multiple layers of
6rE72EZRUU0-00818-00256571-00256739 soil or water above the point of
6rE72EZRUU0-00819-00256740-00256903 interest the vertical stress may be
6rE72EZRUU0-00820-00256904-00257101 calculated by summing the product of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00821-00257102-00257260 unit weight in figures of all of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00822-00257261-00257548 overlying layers total stress increases
6rE72EZRUU0-00823-00257549-00257719 with increasing depth in proportion to
6rE72EZRUU0-00824-00257720-00258007 the density of the overlying soil it is
6rE72EZRUU0-00825-00258008-00258172 not possible to calculate the horizontal
6rE72EZRUU0-00826-00258173-00258467 total stress in this way lateral earth
6rE72EZRUU0-00827-00258467-00259144 pressures are addressed elsewhere topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00828-00259145-00260101 pore water pressure topic hydrostatic
6rE72EZRUU0-00829-00260102-00260615 conditions if there is no pore water
6rE72EZRUU0-00830-00260616-00260789 flow occurring in the soil the pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00831-00260790-00261043 water pressures will be hydrostatic the
6rE72EZRUU0-00832-00261044-00261220 water table is located at the depth
6rE72EZRUU0-00833-00261221-00261392 where the water pressure is equal to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00834-00261392-00261652 atmospheric pressure for hydrostatic
6rE72EZRUU0-00835-00261653-00261844 conditions the water pressure increases
6rE72EZRUU0-00836-00261845-00261982 linearly with depth below the water
6rE72EZRUU0-00837-00261983-00263155 table u equals Rho W G Z W display style
6rE72EZRUU0-00838-00263156-00263520 u equals bro underscore wgz underscore W
6rE72EZRUU0-00839-00263521-00264142 where Rho W display style bro underscore
6rE72EZRUU0-00840-00264143-00264753 W is the density of water and Z W
6rE72EZRUU0-00841-00264754-00265144 display styles ed underscore W is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00842-00265145-00265819 depth below the water table topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00843-00265820-00266366 capillary action due to surface tension
6rE72EZRUU0-00844-00266367-00266548 water will rise up in a small capillary
6rE72EZRUU0-00845-00266549-00266748 tube above a free surface of water
6rE72EZRUU0-00846-00266749-00266987 likewise water will rise up above the
6rE72EZRUU0-00847-00266988-00267178 water table into the small pore spaces
6rE72EZRUU0-00848-00267179-00267454 around the soil particles in fact the
6rE72EZRUU0-00849-00267455-00267643 soil may be completely saturated for
6rE72EZRUU0-00850-00267644-00267805 some distance above the water table
6rE72EZRUU0-00851-00267806-00268009 above the height of capillary saturation
6rE72EZRUU0-00852-00268010-00268214 the soil may be wet but the water
6rE72EZRUU0-00853-00268215-00268396 content will decrease with elevation if
6rE72EZRUU0-00854-00268397-00268640 the water in the capillary zone is not
6rE72EZRUU0-00855-00268641-00268816 moving the water pressure obeys the
6rE72EZRUU0-00856-00268817-00269172 equation of hydrostatic equilibrium u
6rE72EZRUU0-00857-00269173-00269607 equals Rho W
6rE72EZRUU0-00858-00269608-00270214 G Z W display style u equals bro
6rE72EZRUU0-00859-00270215-00270369 underscore wgz
6rE72EZRUU0-00860-00270370-00270929 underscore w but note that said w
6rE72EZRUU0-00861-00270930-00271223 display style Zed underscore W is
6rE72EZRUU0-00862-00271224-00271530 negative above the water table hence
6rE72EZRUU0-00863-00271531-00271738 hydrostatic water pressures a negative
6rE72EZRUU0-00864-00271739-00271929 above the water table the thickness of
6rE72EZRUU0-00865-00271930-00272137 the zone of capillary saturation depends
6rE72EZRUU0-00866-00272138-00272301 on the pore size but typically the
6rE72EZRUU0-00867-00272302-00272502 heights vary between a centimeter or so
6rE72EZRUU0-00868-00272503-00272685 for coarse sand to tens of meters for a
6rE72EZRUU0-00869-00272686-00272958 silt or clay in fact the pore space of
6rE72EZRUU0-00870-00272959-00273187 soil is a uniform fractal eg a set of
6rE72EZRUU0-00871-00273188-00273364 uniformly distributed d dimensional
6rE72EZRUU0-00872-00273365-00273565 fractals of average linear size l for
6rE72EZRUU0-00873-00273566-00273735 the clay soil it has been found that l
6rE72EZRUU0-00874-00273736-00273933 equals zero point one five millimeters
6rE72EZRUU0-00875-00273934-00274248 in D equals 2.7 th e surface tension of
6rE72EZRUU0-00876-00274249-00274431 water explains why the water does not
6rE72EZRUU0-00877-00274432-00274605 drain out of a wet sand castle or a
6rE72EZRUU0-00878-00274606-00274842 moist ball of clay negative water
6rE72EZRUU0-00879-00274843-00275001 pressures make the water stick to the
6rE72EZRUU0-00880-00275002-00275178 particles and pull the particles to each
6rE72EZRUU0-00881-00275179-00275379 other friction at the particle contacts
6rE72EZRUU0-00882-00275380-00275646 make a sand castle stable but as soon as
6rE72EZRUU0-00883-00275647-00275842 a wet sand castle is submerged below a
6rE72EZRUU0-00884-00275843-00276006 free water surface the negative
6rE72EZRUU0-00885-00276007-00276144 pressures are lost in the castle
6rE72EZRUU0-00886-00276145-00276384 collapses considering the effective
6rE72EZRUU0-00887-00276385-00277065 stress equation Sigma equals Sigma minus
6rE72EZRUU0-00888-00277066-00277539 u display style Sigma equals Sigma u if
6rE72EZRUU0-00889-00277540-00277773 the water pressure is negative the
6rE72EZRUU0-00890-00277774-00277968 effective stress may be positive even on
6rE72EZRUU0-00891-00277969-00278169 a free surface a surface where the total
6rE72EZRUU0-00892-00278170-00278430 normal stress is zero the negative pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00893-00278431-00278590 pressure pulls the particles together
6rE72EZRUU0-00894-00278591-00278760 and causes compressive particle to
6rE72EZRUU0-00895-00278761-00279060 particle contact forces negative pore
6rE72EZRUU0-00896-00279061-00279252 pressures in clay soil can be much more
6rE72EZRUU0-00897-00279253-00279501 powerful than those in sand negative
6rE72EZRUU0-00898-00279502-00279696 pore pressures explain why clay soils
6rE72EZRUU0-00899-00279697-00279849 shrink when they dry and swell as they
6rE72EZRUU0-00900-00279850-00280066 are wedded the swelling and shrinkage
6rE72EZRUU0-00901-00280067-00280275 can cause major distress especially to
6rE72EZRUU0-00902-00280276-00280419 light structures and roads later
6rE72EZRUU0-00903-00280420-00280588 sections of this article address the
6rE72EZRUU0-00904-00280589-00280755 pore water pressures for seepage and
6rE72EZRUU0-00905-00280756-00281495 consolidation problems topic
6rE72EZRUU0-00906-00281496-00282138 consolidation transient flow of water
6rE72EZRUU0-00907-00282139-00282327 consolidation is a process by which
6rE72EZRUU0-00908-00282328-00282585 soils decrease in volume it occurs when
6rE72EZRUU0-00909-00282586-00282787 stress is applied to a soil that causes
6rE72EZRUU0-00910-00282788-00282964 the soil particles to pack together more
6rE72EZRUU0-00911-00282965-00283006 tight
6rE72EZRUU0-00912-00283007-00283246 therefore reducing volume when this
6rE72EZRUU0-00913-00283247-00283423 occurs in a soil that is saturated with
6rE72EZRUU0-00914-00283424-00283621 water water will be squeezed out of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00915-00283622-00283855 soil the time required to squeeze the
6rE72EZRUU0-00916-00283856-00284020 water out of a thick deposit of clay
6rE72EZRUU0-00917-00284021-00284314 soil layer might be years for a layer of
6rE72EZRUU0-00918-00284315-00284509 sand the water may be squeezed out in a
6rE72EZRUU0-00919-00284510-00284776 matter of seconds a building foundation
6rE72EZRUU0-00920-00284777-00284953 or construction of a new embankment will
6rE72EZRUU0-00921-00284954-00285145 cause the soil below to consolidate and
6rE72EZRUU0-00922-00285146-00285295 this will cause settlement which in turn
6rE72EZRUU0-00923-00285296-00285463 may cause distress to the building or
6rE72EZRUU0-00924-00285464-00285721 embankment karl terzaghi developed a
6rE72EZRUU0-00925-00285722-00285907 theory of consolidation which enables
6rE72EZRUU0-00926-00285908-00286060 prediction of the amount of settlement
6rE72EZRUU0-00927-00286061-00286219 and the time required for the settlement
6rE72EZRUU0-00928-00286220-00286453 to occur soils are tested with an e
6rE72EZRUU0-00929-00286454-00286585 domino test to determine their
6rE72EZRUU0-00930-00286586-00286750 compression index and coefficient of
6rE72EZRUU0-00931-00286751-00287032 consolidation when stress is removed
6rE72EZRUU0-00932-00287033-00287227 from a consolidated soil the soil will
6rE72EZRUU0-00933-00287228-00287389 rebound drawing water back into the
6rE72EZRUU0-00934-00287390-00287548 pores and regaining some of the volume
6rE72EZRUU0-00935-00287549-00287731 it had lost in the consolidation process
6rE72EZRUU0-00936-00287732-00288028 if the stress is reapplied the soil will
6rE72EZRUU0-00937-00288029-00288157 reconsolidate again along a
6rE72EZRUU0-00938-00288158-00288328 recompression curve defined by the
6rE72EZRUU0-00939-00288329-00288598 recompression index soil that has been
6rE72EZRUU0-00940-00288599-00288790 consolidated to a large pressure and has
6rE72EZRUU0-00941-00288791-00288982 been subsequently unloaded is considered
6rE72EZRUU0-00942-00288983-00289228 to be over consolidated the maximum
6rE72EZRUU0-00943-00289229-00289396 passed vertical effective stress is
6rE72EZRUU0-00944-00289397-00289576 termed the pre-consolidation stress a
6rE72EZRUU0-00945-00289577-00289804 soil which is currently experiencing the
6rE72EZRUU0-00946-00289805-00289969 maximum passed vertical effective stress
6rE72EZRUU0-00947-00289970-00290245 is said to be normally consolidated the
6rE72EZRUU0-00948-00290246-00290506 over consolidation ratio OCR is the
6rE72EZRUU0-00949-00290507-00290695 ratio of the maximum passed vertical
6rE72EZRUU0-00950-00290696-00290869 effective stress to the current vertical
6rE72EZRUU0-00951-00290870-00291175 effective stress the OCR is significant
6rE72EZRUU0-00952-00291176-00291355 for two reasons firstly because the
6rE72EZRUU0-00953-00291356-00291514 compressibility of normally consolidated
6rE72EZRUU0-00954-00291515-00291730 soil is significantly larger than that
6rE72EZRUU0-00955-00291731-00291934 for over consolidated soil and secondly
6rE72EZRUU0-00956-00291935-00292147 the shear behavior and dilatancy of clay
6rE72EZRUU0-00957-00292148-00292348 soil are related to the OCR through
6rE72EZRUU0-00958-00292349-00292540 critical state soil mechanics highly
6rE72EZRUU0-00959-00292541-00292759 over consolidated clay soils are dilated
6rE72EZRUU0-00960-00292760-00292951 while normally consolidated soils tend
6rE72EZRUU0-00961-00292952-00293731 to be contractive topic shear behavior
6rE72EZRUU0-00962-00293732-00294310 stiffness and strength the shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00963-00294311-00294442 strength and stiffness of soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00964-00294443-00294625 determines whether or not soil will be
6rE72EZRUU0-00965-00294626-00294795 stable or how much it will deform
6rE72EZRUU0-00966-00294796-00295027 knowledge of the strength is necessary
6rE72EZRUU0-00967-00295028-00295210 to determine if a slope will be stable
6rE72EZRUU0-00968-00295211-00295393 if a building or bridge might sail too
6rE72EZRUU0-00969-00295394-00295492 far into the ground
6rE72EZRUU0-00970-00295493-00295603 and the limiting pressures on a
6rE72EZRUU0-00971-00295604-00295828 retaining wall it is important to
6rE72EZRUU0-00972-00295829-00296008 distinguish between failure of a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-00973-00296009-00296137 element and the failure of a
6rE72EZRUU0-00974-00296138-00296374 geotechnical structure eg a building
6rE72EZRUU0-00975-00296375-00296590 foundation slope or retaining wall some
6rE72EZRUU0-00976-00296591-00296734 soil elements may reach their peak
6rE72EZRUU0-00977-00296735-00296878 strength prior to failure of the
6rE72EZRUU0-00978-00296879-00297145 structure different criteria can be used
6rE72EZRUU0-00979-00297146-00297406 to define the shear strength and the
6rE72EZRUU0-00980-00297407-00297679 yield point for a soil element from a
6rE72EZRUU0-00981-00297680-00297889 stress-strain curve one may define the
6rE72EZRUU0-00982-00297890-00298039 peak shear strength as the peak of a
6rE72EZRUU0-00983-00298040-00298186 stress-strain curve or the shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00984-00298187-00298354 strength at critical state is the value
6rE72EZRUU0-00985-00298355-00298510 after large strains when the shear
6rE72EZRUU0-00986-00298511-00298717 resistance levels off if the
6rE72EZRUU0-00987-00298718-00298894 stress-strain curve does not stabilize
6rE72EZRUU0-00988-00298895-00299032 before the end of shear strength test
6rE72EZRUU0-00989-00299033-00299332 the strength is sometimes considered to
6rE72EZRUU0-00990-00299333-00299533 be the shear resistance at 15 to 20
6rE72EZRUU0-00991-00299534-00299749 percent strain the shear strength of
6rE72EZRUU0-00992-00299750-00299926 soil depends on many factors including
6rE72EZRUU0-00993-00299927-00300147 the effective stress and the void ratio
6rE72EZRUU0-00994-00300148-00300397 the shear stiffness is important for
6rE72EZRUU0-00995-00300398-00300607 example for evaluation of the magnitude
6rE72EZRUU0-00996-00300608-00300775 of deformations of foundations and
6rE72EZRUU0-00997-00300776-00300952 slopes prior to failure and because it
6rE72EZRUU0-00998-00300953-00301113 is related to the shear wave velocity
6rE72EZRUU0-00999-00301114-00301381 the slope of the initial nearly linear
6rE72EZRUU0-01000-00301382-00301555 portion of a pot of shear stress as a
6rE72EZRUU0-01001-00301556-00301717 function of shear strain is called the
6rE72EZRUU0-01002-00301718-00302353 shear modulus topic friction
6rE72EZRUU0-01003-00302354-00302938 interlocking and dilation soil is an
6rE72EZRUU0-01004-00302939-00303106 assemblage of particles that have little
6rE72EZRUU0-01005-00303107-00303286 to no cementation while rocks such as
6rE72EZRUU0-01006-00303287-00303352 sandstone
6rE72EZRUU0-01007-00303353-00303550 may consist of an assembly of particles
6rE72EZRUU0-01008-00303551-00303715 that are strongly cemented together by
6rE72EZRUU0-01009-00303716-00303949 chemical bonds the shear strength of
6rE72EZRUU0-01010-00303950-00304153 soil is primarily due to inter particle
6rE72EZRUU0-01011-00304154-00304297 friction and therefore the shear
6rE72EZRUU0-01012-00304298-00304480 resistance on a plane is approximately
6rE72EZRUU0-01013-00304481-00304639 proportional to the effective normal
6rE72EZRUU0-01014-00304640-00304861 stress on that plane the angle of
6rE72EZRUU0-01015-00304862-00305026 internal friction is thus closely
6rE72EZRUU0-01016-00305027-00305185 related to the maximum stable slope
6rE72EZRUU0-01017-00305186-00305424 angle often called the angle of repose
6rE72EZRUU0-01018-00305425-00305701 but in addition to friction soil derives
6rE72EZRUU0-01019-00305702-00305854 significant shear resistance from
6rE72EZRUU0-01020-00305855-00306106 interlocking of grains if the grains are
6rE72EZRUU0-01021-00306107-00306277 densely packed the grains tend to spread
6rE72EZRUU0-01022-00306278-00306400 apart from each other as they are
6rE72EZRUU0-01023-00306401-00306667 subject to shear strain the expansion of
6rE72EZRUU0-01024-00306668-00306850 the particle matrix tooter shearing was
6rE72EZRUU0-01025-00306851-00307093 called dilatancy by Osborne Reynolds if
6rE72EZRUU0-01026-00307094-00307318 one considers the energy required to
6rE72EZRUU0-01027-00307319-00307501 share an assembly of particles there is
6rE72EZRUU0-01028-00307502-00307726 energy input by the shear force T moving
6rE72EZRUU0-01029-00307727-00307903 a distance X and there is also energy
6rE72EZRUU0-01030-00307904-00308113 input by the normal force n as the
6rE72EZRUU0-01031-00308114-00308395 sample expands a distance Y due to the
6rE72EZRUU0-01032-00308396-00308587 extra energy required for the particles
6rE72EZRUU0-01033-00308588-00308719 to dilate against the confining
6rE72EZRUU0-01034-00308720-00308911 pressures dilaton soils have a greater
6rE72EZRUU0-01035-00308912-00309096 peak strength and contractive soils
6rE72EZRUU0-01036-00309097-00309337 furthermore as DLitt of soil grains
6rE72EZRUU0-01037-00309338-00309529 dilate they become looser their void
6rE72EZRUU0-01038-00309530-00309691 ratio increases and their rate of
6rE72EZRUU0-01039-00309692-00309769 dilation to
6rE72EZRUU0-01040-00309770-00309934 Croesus until they reach a critical void
6rE72EZRUU0-01041-00309935-00310234 ratio contractive soils become denser as
6rE72EZRUU0-01042-00310235-00310375 they share and their rate of contraction
6rE72EZRUU0-01043-00310376-00310558 decreases until they reach a critical
6rE72EZRUU0-01044-00310559-00310882 void ratio the tendency for a soil to
6rE72EZRUU0-01045-00310883-00311080 dilate or contract depends primarily on
6rE72EZRUU0-01046-00311081-00311233 the confining pressure and the void
6rE72EZRUU0-01047-00311234-00311491 ratio of the soil the rate of dilation
6rE72EZRUU0-01048-00311492-00311671 is high if the confining pressure is
6rE72EZRUU0-01049-00311672-00311938 small and the void ratio is small the
6rE72EZRUU0-01050-00311939-00312088 rate of contraction is high if the
6rE72EZRUU0-01051-00312089-00312268 confining pressure is large and the void
6rE72EZRUU0-01052-00312269-00312532 ratio is large as a first approximation
6rE72EZRUU0-01053-00312533-00312757 the regions of contraction and dilation
6rE72EZRUU0-01054-00312758-00313431 are separated by the critical state line
6rE72EZRUU0-01055-00313432-00314098 topic failure criteria after a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01056-00314099-00314269 reaches the critical state it is no
6rE72EZRUU0-01057-00314270-00314449 longer contracting or dilating in the
6rE72EZRUU0-01058-00314450-00314763 shear stress on the failure plane Tower
6rE72EZRUU0-01059-00314764-00315460 see aa i.t display style tower
6rE72EZRUU0-01060-00315461-00315739 underscore crit he's determined by the
6rE72EZRUU0-01061-00315740-00315928 effective normal stress on the failure
6rE72EZRUU0-01062-00315929-00316432 plane Sigma and display style Sigma
6rE72EZRUU0-01063-00316433-00316705 underscore and and critical state
6rE72EZRUU0-01064-00316706-00317587 friction angle Phi see aa i.t displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-01065-00317588-00318270 I'll fire underscore crit tower see aa I
6rE72EZRUU0-01066-00318271-00319318 T equals Sigma n tan Phi see aa
6rE72EZRUU0-01067-00319319-00319891 I T display style tower underscore crit
6rE72EZRUU0-01068-00319892-00320107 equals Sigma underscore n tan Phi
6rE72EZRUU0-01069-00320108-00320386 underscore crit the peak strength of the
6rE72EZRUU0-01070-00320387-00320593 soil may be greater however due to the
6rE72EZRUU0-01071-00320594-00320983 interlocking dilatancy contribution this
6rE72EZRUU0-01072-00320984-00321665 may be stated tower p/e a
6rE72EZRUU0-01073-00321666-00322951 k equals Sigma and tan Phi P here hey K
6rE72EZRUU0-01074-00322952-00323189 display style towel underscore peak
6rE72EZRUU0-01075-00323190-00323410 equals Sigma underscore and tan Phi
6rE72EZRUU0-01076-00323411-00323524 underscore peak
6rE72EZRUU0-01077-00323525-00324031 well Phi P here
6rE72EZRUU0-01078-00324032-00325131 hey okay greater than Phi C ah i t
6rE72EZRUU0-01079-00325132-00325402 display style i underscore peep greater
6rE72EZRUU0-01080-00325403-00325732 than Phi underscore crit however use of
6rE72EZRUU0-01081-00325733-00325871 a friction angle greater than the
6rE72EZRUU0-01082-00325872-00326072 critical state value for design requires
6rE72EZRUU0-01083-00326073-00326302 care the peak strength will not be
6rE72EZRUU0-01084-00326303-00326503 mobilized everywhere at the same time in
6rE72EZRUU0-01085-00326504-00326696 a practical problem such as a foundation
6rE72EZRUU0-01086-00326697-00326959 slope or retaining wall the critical
6rE72EZRUU0-01087-00326960-00327133 state friction angle is not nearly as
6rE72EZRUU0-01088-00327134-00327328 variable as the peak friction angle and
6rE72EZRUU0-01089-00327329-00327470 hence it can be relied upon with
6rE72EZRUU0-01090-00327471-00327623 confidence not recognizing the
6rE72EZRUU0-01091-00327624-00327812 significance of dilatancy Coulomb
6rE72EZRUU0-01092-00327813-00327979 proposed that the shear strength of soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01093-00327980-00328153 may be expressed as a combination of
6rE72EZRUU0-01094-00328154-00328602 adhesion and friction components tau F
6rE72EZRUU0-01095-00328603-00329659 equals C plus Sigma F tan Phi displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-01096-00329660-00329876 I'll tower underscore F equals C plus
6rE72EZRUU0-01097-00329877-00330242 Sigma underscore F tan Phi it is now
6rE72EZRUU0-01098-00330243-00330919 known that the C display style C and Phi
6rE72EZRUU0-01099-00330920-00331265 display style fire parameters in the
6rE72EZRUU0-01100-00331266-00331453 last equation are not fundamental soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01101-00331454-00331970 properties in particular C display style
6rE72EZRUU0-01102-00331971-00332293 C and Phi
6rE72EZRUU0-01103-00332294-00332664 display style Phi a different depending
6rE72EZRUU0-01104-00332665-00332840 the magnitude of effective stress
6rE72EZRUU0-01105-00332841-00333126 according to Scofield 2006 the
6rE72EZRUU0-01106-00333127-00333525 long-standing use of sea displaced I'll
6rE72EZRUU0-01107-00333526-00333828 see in practice has led many engineers
6rE72EZRUU0-01108-00333829-00334206 to wrongly believe that sea displaced
6rE72EZRUU0-01109-00334207-00334575 I'll see is a fundamental parameter this
6rE72EZRUU0-01110-00334576-00334971 assumption that sea displaced I'll see
6rE72EZRUU0-01111-00334972-00335601 and Phi displaced I'll fire a constant
6rE72EZRUU0-01112-00335602-00335757 can lead to over estimation of peak
6rE72EZRUU0-01113-00335758-00336555 strengths topic structure fabric and
6rE72EZRUU0-01114-00336556-00337104 chemistry in addition to the friction
6rE72EZRUU0-01115-00337105-00337323 and interlocking dilatancy components of
6rE72EZRUU0-01116-00337324-00337500 strength the structure and fabric also
6rE72EZRUU0-01117-00337501-00337677 play a significant role in the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01118-00337678-00337914 behavior the structure and fabric
6rE72EZRUU0-01119-00337915-00338097 include factors such as the spacing and
6rE72EZRUU0-01120-00338098-00338268 arrangement of the solid particles or
6rE72EZRUU0-01121-00338269-00338442 the amount and spatial distribution of
6rE72EZRUU0-01122-00338443-00338649 pore water in some cases cement Isha's
6rE72EZRUU0-01123-00338650-00338820 material accumulates at particle
6rE72EZRUU0-01124-00338821-00339099 particle contacts mechanical behavior of
6rE72EZRUU0-01125-00339100-00339279 soil is affected by the density of the
6rE72EZRUU0-01126-00339280-00339429 particles in their structure or
6rE72EZRUU0-01127-00339430-00339600 arrangement of the particles as well as
6rE72EZRUU0-01128-00339601-00339771 the amount and spatial distribution of
6rE72EZRUU0-01129-00339772-00339984 fluids present eg water and air voids
6rE72EZRUU0-01130-00339985-00340245 other factors include the electrical
6rE72EZRUU0-01131-00340246-00340422 charge of the particles chemistry of
6rE72EZRUU0-01132-00340423-00340746 pore water chemical bonds ie cementation
6rE72EZRUU0-01133-00340747-00340902 particles connected through a solid
6rE72EZRUU0-01134-00340903-00341124 substance such as recrystallized calcium
6rE72EZRUU0-01135-00341125-00341790 carbonate topic drained and undrained
6rE72EZRUU0-01136-00341791-00342278 shir the presence of nearly
6rE72EZRUU0-01137-00342279-00342468 incompressible fluids such as water in
6rE72EZRUU0-01138-00342469-00342645 the pore spaces affects the ability for
6rE72EZRUU0-01139-00342646-00342948 the pores to dilate or contract if the
6rE72EZRUU0-01140-00342949-00343122 pores are saturated with water water
6rE72EZRUU0-01141-00343123-00343304 must be sucked into the dilating pore
6rE72EZRUU0-01142-00343305-00343508 spaces to fill the expanding pores this
6rE72EZRUU0-01143-00343509-00343679 phenomenon is visible at the beach when
6rE72EZRUU0-01144-00343680-00343863 apparently dry spots form around feet
6rE72EZRUU0-01145-00343864-00344029 that press into the wet sand
6rE72EZRUU0-01146-00344030-00344279 similarly for contractive soil water
6rE72EZRUU0-01147-00344280-00344451 must be squeezed out of the pore spaces
6rE72EZRUU0-01148-00344452-00344677 to allow contraction to take place
6rE72EZRUU0-01149-00344678-00344906 dilation of the voids causes negative
6rE72EZRUU0-01150-00344907-00345093 water pressures that draw fluid into the
6rE72EZRUU0-01151-00345094-00345254 pores and contraction of the voids
6rE72EZRUU0-01152-00345255-00345447 causes positive pore pressures to push
6rE72EZRUU0-01153-00345448-00345687 the water out of the pores if the rate
6rE72EZRUU0-01154-00345688-00345860 of shearing is very large compared to
6rE72EZRUU0-01155-00345861-00346026 the rate that water can be sucked into
6rE72EZRUU0-01156-00346027-00346197 or squeezed out of the dilating or
6rE72EZRUU0-01157-00346198-00346365 contracting pore spaces then the
6rE72EZRUU0-01158-00346366-00346532 shearing is called undrained shear if
6rE72EZRUU0-01159-00346533-00346689 the shearing is slow enough that the
6rE72EZRUU0-01160-00346690-00346835 water pressures are negligible the
6rE72EZRUU0-01161-00346836-00347084 shearing is called drain shear during
6rE72EZRUU0-01162-00347085-00347258 undrained shear the water pressure U
6rE72EZRUU0-01163-00347259-00347421 changes depending on volume change
6rE72EZRUU0-01164-00347422-00347664 tendencies from the effective stress
6rE72EZRUU0-01165-00347665-00347844 equation the changing you directly
6rE72EZRUU0-01166-00347845-00348002 affects the effective stress by the
6rE72EZRUU0-01167-00348003-00348805 equation Sigma equals Sigma minus u
6rE72EZRUU0-01168-00348806-00349129 display style Sigma equals Sigma U and
6rE72EZRUU0-01169-00349130-00349371 the strength is very sensitive to the
6rE72EZRUU0-01170-00349372-00349614 effective stress it follows then that
6rE72EZRUU0-01171-00349615-00349751 the undrained shear strength of a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01172-00349752-00349952 may be smaller or larger than the drain
6rE72EZRUU0-01173-00349953-00350105 shear strength depending upon whether
6rE72EZRUU0-01174-00350106-00350755 the soil is contractive or Dilla t'v
6rE72EZRUU0-01175-00350756-00351396 topic shear tests strength parameters
6rE72EZRUU0-01176-00351397-00351557 can be measured in the laboratory using
6rE72EZRUU0-01177-00351558-00351750 direct shear test tri-axial shear test
6rE72EZRUU0-01178-00351751-00352010 simple shear test for cone test and pan
6rE72EZRUU0-01179-00352011-00352191 shear vane test there are numerous other
6rE72EZRUU0-01180-00352192-00352392 devices in variations on these devices
6rE72EZRUU0-01181-00352393-00352658 used in practice today tests conducted
6rE72EZRUU0-01182-00352659-00352821 to characterize the strength and
6rE72EZRUU0-01183-00352822-00352968 stiffness of the soils in the ground
6rE72EZRUU0-01184-00352969-00353156 include the cone penetration test and
6rE72EZRUU0-01185-00353157-00353874 the standard penetration test topic
6rE72EZRUU0-01186-00353875-00354467 other factors the stress-strain relation
6rE72EZRUU0-01187-00354468-00354629 of soils and therefore the shearing
6rE72EZRUU0-01188-00354630-00354920 strength is affected by soil composition
6rE72EZRUU0-01189-00354921-00355151 basic soil material mineralogy
6rE72EZRUU0-01190-00355152-00355304 grain size and grain size distribution
6rE72EZRUU0-01191-00355305-00355565 shape of particles pore fluid type and
6rE72EZRUU0-01192-00355566-00355795 content ions on grain and in pore fluid
6rE72EZRUU0-01193-00355796-00356060 state initial defined by the initial
6rE72EZRUU0-01194-00356061-00356273 void ratio effective normal stress and
6rE72EZRUU0-01195-00356274-00356549 shear stress stress history state can be
6rE72EZRUU0-01196-00356550-00356759 described by terms such as Blues dents
6rE72EZRUU0-01197-00356760-00356951 over consolidated normally consolidated
6rE72EZRUU0-01198-00356952-00357313 stiff soft contractive dylan tavella
6rE72EZRUU0-01199-00357314-00357551 structure refers to the arrangement of
6rE72EZRUU0-01200-00357552-00357719 particles within the soil mass the
6rE72EZRUU0-01201-00357720-00357869 manner in which the particles are packed
6rE72EZRUU0-01202-00357870-00358127 or distributed features such as layers
6rE72EZRUU0-01203-00358128-00358373 joints fissures slickensides voids
6rE72EZRUU0-01204-00358374-00358643 pockets cementation etc are part of the
6rE72EZRUU0-01205-00358644-00358883 structure structure of soils is
6rE72EZRUU0-01206-00358884-00359081 described by terms such as undisturbed
6rE72EZRUU0-01207-00359082-00359315 disturbed remolded compacted cemented
6rE72EZRUU0-01208-00359316-00359504 flocculant honeycombed single grain
6rE72EZRUU0-01209-00359505-00359741 flocculated d flocculated stratified
6rE72EZRUU0-01210-00359742-00359930 layered laminated isotropic and
6rE72EZRUU0-01211-00359931-00360248 anisotropic loading conditions effective
6rE72EZRUU0-01212-00360249-00360458 stress path drain undrained and type of
6rE72EZRUU0-01213-00360459-00360647 loading magnitude rate static dynamic
6rE72EZRUU0-01214-00360648-00361492 and time history monotonic cyclic topic
6rE72EZRUU0-01215-00361493-00362444 applications topic lateral earth
6rE72EZRUU0-01216-00362445-00363008 pressure lateral earth stress theory is
6rE72EZRUU0-01217-00363009-00363173 used to estimate the amount of stress
6rE72EZRUU0-01218-00363174-00363358 soil can exert perpendicular to gravity
6rE72EZRUU0-01219-00363359-00363623 this is the stress exerted on retaining
6rE72EZRUU0-01220-00363624-00363863 walls a lateral earth stress coefficient
6rE72EZRUU0-01221-00363864-00364070 k is defined as the ratio of lateral
6rE72EZRUU0-01222-00364071-00364280 horizontal effective stress to vertical
6rE72EZRUU0-01223-00364281-00364463 effective stress for cohesionless soils
6rE72EZRUU0-01224-00364464-00364805 k equals Sigma H Sigma V there are three
6rE72EZRUU0-01225-00364806-00365006 coefficients at rest active and passive
6rE72EZRUU0-01226-00365007-00365279 at rest stress is the lateral stress in
6rE72EZRUU0-01227-00365280-00365453 the ground before any disturbance takes
6rE72EZRUU0-01228-00365454-00365711 place the active stress state is reached
6rE72EZRUU0-01229-00365712-00365867 when a wall moves away from the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01230-00365868-00366035 under the influence of lateral stress
6rE72EZRUU0-01231-00366036-00366206 and results from shear failure due to
6rE72EZRUU0-01232-00366207-00366467 reduction of lateral stress the passive
6rE72EZRUU0-01233-00366468-00366629 stress state is reached when a wall is
6rE72EZRUU0-01234-00366630-00366812 pushed into the soil far enough to cause
6rE72EZRUU0-01235-00366813-00366983 shear failure within the mass due to
6rE72EZRUU0-01236-00366984-00367196 increase of lateral stress there are
6rE72EZRUU0-01237-00367197-00367376 many theories for estimating lateral
6rE72EZRUU0-01238-00367377-00367550 earth stress some are empirically based
6rE72EZRUU0-01239-00367551-00368200 and some are analytically derived
6rE72EZRUU0-01240-00368201-00368828 topic bearing capacity the bearing
6rE72EZRUU0-01241-00368829-00369047 capacity of soil is the average contact
6rE72EZRUU0-01242-00369048-00369227 stress between a foundation and the soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01243-00369228-00369382 which will cause shear failure in the
6rE72EZRUU0-01244-00369383-00369641 soil larval bearing stress is the
6rE72EZRUU0-01245-00369642-00369848 bearing capacity divided by a factor of
6rE72EZRUU0-01246-00369849-00370145 safety sometimes on soft soil sites
6rE72EZRUU0-01247-00370146-00370352 large settlements may occur under loaded
6rE72EZRUU0-01248-00370353-00370541 foundations without actual shear failure
6rE72EZRUU0-01249-00370542-00370766 occurring in such cases the allowable
6rE72EZRUU0-01250-00370767-00370957 bearing stress is determined with regard
6rE72EZRUU0-01251-00370958-00371201 to the maximum allowable settlement it
6rE72EZRUU0-01252-00371202-00371359 is important during construction and
6rE72EZRUU0-01253-00371360-00371537 design stage of a project to evaluate
6rE72EZRUU0-01254-00371538-00371825 the subgrade strength the California
6rE72EZRUU0-01255-00371826-00372098 bearing ratio CBR test is commonly used
6rE72EZRUU0-01256-00372099-00372293 to determine the suitability of a soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01257-00372294-00372446 as a subgrade for design and
6rE72EZRUU0-01258-00372447-00372668 construction the field plate load test
6rE72EZRUU0-01259-00372669-00372851 is commonly used to predict the
6rE72EZRUU0-01260-00372852-00373028 deformations in failure characteristics
6rE72EZRUU0-01261-00373029-00373247 of the soil subgrade and modulus of
6rE72EZRUU0-01262-00373248-00373544 subgrade reaction KS the modulus of
6rE72EZRUU0-01263-00373545-00373759 subgrade reaction KS is used in
6rE72EZRUU0-01264-00373760-00373943 foundation design soil structure
6rE72EZRUU0-01265-00373944-00374110 interaction studies and design of
6rE72EZRUU0-01266-00374111-00375159 highway pavements topic slope stability
6rE72EZRUU0-01267-00375160-00375452 the field of slope stability encompasses
6rE72EZRUU0-01268-00375453-00375596 the analysis of static and dynamic
6rE72EZRUU0-01269-00375597-00375791 stability of slopes of Earth and rock
6rE72EZRUU0-01270-00375792-00375985 filled dams slopes of other types of
6rE72EZRUU0-01271-00375986-00376207 embankments excavated slopes and natural
6rE72EZRUU0-01272-00376208-00376418 slopes in soil and soft rock as seen to
6rE72EZRUU0-01273-00376419-00376463 the right
6rE72EZRUU0-01274-00376464-00376606 earthen slopes can develop a cut
6rE72EZRUU0-01275-00376607-00376858 spherical weakness zone the probability
6rE72EZRUU0-01276-00376859-00377027 of this happening can be calculated in
6rE72EZRUU0-01277-00377028-00377233 advance using a simple 2d circular
6rE72EZRUU0-01278-00377234-00377564 analysis package a primary difficulty
6rE72EZRUU0-01279-00377565-00377744 with analysis is locating the most
6rE72EZRUU0-01280-00377745-00377915 probable slip plane for any given
6rE72EZRUU0-01281-00377916-00378167 situation many landslides have been
6rE72EZRUU0-01282-00378168-00378883 analyzed only after the fact topic
6rE72EZRUU0-01283-00378884-00379487 recent developments but recent finding
6rE72EZRUU0-01284-00379488-00379643 in soil mechanics is that solid
6rE72EZRUU0-01285-00379644-00379823 deformation can be described as the
6rE72EZRUU0-01286-00379824-00380075 behavior of a dynamical system this
6rE72EZRUU0-01287-00380076-00380260 approach to soil mechanics is referred
6rE72EZRUU0-01288-00380261-00380462 to as dynamical systems based soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01289-00380463-00380813 mechanics DSS M the SSM holds simply
6rE72EZRUU0-01290-00380814-00380972 that soil deformation is a Poisson
6rE72EZRUU0-01291-00380973-00381224 process in which particles move to their
6rE72EZRUU0-01292-00381225-00381512 opposition at random shear strains the
6rE72EZRUU0-01293-00381513-00381728 basis of DSS M is that souls including
6rE72EZRUU0-01294-00381729-00381923 sense can be shared till they reach a
6rE72EZRUU0-01295-00381924-00382094 steady state condition at which under
6rE72EZRUU0-01296-00382095-00382280 conditions of constant strain rate there
6rE72EZRUU0-01297-00382281-00382484 is no change in shear stress effective
6rE72EZRUU0-01298-00382485-00382754 confining stress and void ratio the
6rE72EZRUU0-01299-00382755-00382940 steady-state was formally defined by
6rE72EZRUU0-01300-00382941-00383165 Steve J Poulos an associate professor at
6rE72EZRUU0-01301-00383166-00383354 the soil mechanics department of Harvard
6rE72EZRUU0-01302-00383355-00383561 University who built off a hypothesis
6rE72EZRUU0-01303-00383562-00383744 that Arthur Casagrande was formulating
6rE72EZRUU0-01304-00383745-00383957 towards the end of his career the
6rE72EZRUU0-01305-00383958-00384134 steady-state condition is not the same
6rE72EZRUU0-01306-00384135-00384407 as the critical state condition differs
6rE72EZRUU0-01307-00384408-00384548 from the critical state in that it
6rE72EZRUU0-01308-00384549-00384728 specifies a statistically constant
6rE72EZRUU0-01309-00384729-00384968 structure at the steady state the steady
6rE72EZRUU0-01310-00384969-00385148 state values are also very slightly
6rE72EZRUU0-01311-00385149-00385412 dependent on the strain rate many
6rE72EZRUU0-01312-00385413-00385598 systems in nature reach steady states
6rE72EZRUU0-01313-00385599-00385823 and dynamical Systems Theory is used to
6rE72EZRUU0-01314-00385824-00386099 describe such systems soil shear can
6rE72EZRUU0-01315-00386100-00386288 also be described as a dynamical system
6rE72EZRUU0-01316-00386289-00386510 the physical basis of the soil shear
6rE72EZRUU0-01317-00386511-00386756 dynamical system is a Poisson process in
6rE72EZRUU0-01318-00386757-00386909 which particles move to the steady-state
6rE72EZRUU0-01319-00386910-00387170 at random shear strains Joseph
6rE72EZRUU0-01320-00387171-00387410 generalized this particles move to their
6rE72EZRUU0-01321-00387411-00387614 final position not just steady-state at
6rE72EZRUU0-01322-00387615-00387860 random shear strains because of its
6rE72EZRUU0-01323-00387861-00388055 origins in the steady state concept the
6rE72EZRUU0-01324-00388056-00388262 SSM is sometimes informally called
6rE72EZRUU0-01325-00388263-00388664 Harvard soil mechanics d SSM provides
6rE72EZRUU0-01326-00388665-00388811 for very close fits to stress-strain
6rE72EZRUU0-01327-00388812-00389111 curves including for sands because it
6rE72EZRUU0-01328-00389112-00389258 tracks conditions on the failure plane
6rE72EZRUU0-01329-00389259-00389477 it also provides close fits for the post
6rE72EZRUU0-01330-00389478-00389666 failure region of sensitive clays and
6rE72EZRUU0-01331-00389667-00389819 silts something that other theories are
6rE72EZRUU0-01332-00389820-00390089 not able to do additionally DSS M
6rE72EZRUU0-01333-00390090-00390275 explains key relationships in soil
6rE72EZRUU0-01334-00390276-00390449 mechanics that to date have simply been
6rE72EZRUU0-01335-00390450-00390632 taken for granted for example while
6rE72EZRUU0-01336-00390633-00390782 normalized undrained peak shear
6rE72EZRUU0-01337-00390783-00390959 strengths vary with the log of the over
6rE72EZRUU0-01338-00390960-00391112 consolidation ratio and why
6rE72EZRUU0-01339-00391113-00391298 stress-strain curves normalized with the
6rE72EZRUU0-01340-00391299-00391481 initial effective confining stress and
6rE72EZRUU0-01341-00391482-00391688 why in one dimensional consolidation the
6rE72EZRUU0-01342-00391689-00391892 void ratio must vary with the log of the
6rE72EZRUU0-01343-00391893-00392084 effective vertical stress y the end of
6rE72EZRUU0-01344-00392085-00392264 primary curve is unique for static load
6rE72EZRUU0-01345-00392265-00392450 increments and y the ratio of the creep
6rE72EZRUU0-01346-00392451-00392630 values C alpha to the compression index
6rE72EZRUU0-01347-00392631-00392867 CC must be approximately constant for a
6rE72EZRUU0-01348-00392868-00393991 wide range of soils topic see also
6rE72EZRUU0-01349-00393992-00394349 critical state soil mechanics earthquake
6rE72EZRUU0-01350-00394350-00394379 edge
6rE72EZRUU0-01351-00394380-00394802 during engineering geology geotechnical
6rE72EZRUU0-01352-00394803-00395084 centrifuge modeling geotechnical
6rE72EZRUU0-01353-00395085-00395375 engineering geotechnical engineering
6rE72EZRUU0-01354-00395376-00395792 offshore geotechnics hydrogeology
6rE72EZRUU0-01355-00395793-00396005 aquifer characteristics closely related
6rE72EZRUU0-01356-00396006-00396305 to soil characteristics International
6rE72EZRUU0-01357-00396306-00396473 Society for soil mechanics and
6rE72EZRUU0-01358-00396474-00396805 geotechnical engineering rock mechanics
6rE72EZRUU0-01359-00396806-00397208 slope stability analysis
6rTSSrmWrlU-00000-00000048-00000238 this is the second video in the mass
6rTSSrmWrlU-00001-00000239-00000461 spring damper video series in the first
6rTSSrmWrlU-00002-00000462-00000623 video we introduced the mass spring
6rTSSrmWrlU-00003-00000624-00000833 damper system generated the cause effect
6rTSSrmWrlU-00004-00000834-00001054 diagram and rewrote the second order ode
6rTSSrmWrlU-00005-00001055-00001397 into a system of first order Odes in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00006-00001398-00001577 this video we'll write a Matlab function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00007-00001578-00001757 to solve the mass spring damper system
6rTSSrmWrlU-00008-00001757-00001943 and run some test cases to illustrate
6rTSSrmWrlU-00009-00001944-00002152 the system's Behavior without further
6rTSSrmWrlU-00010-00002153-00002363 Ado let's jump into Matlab to program
6rTSSrmWrlU-00011-00002364-00002860 this system of first order Odes
6rTSSrmWrlU-00012-00002861-00003160 here we are in Matlab I made a new
6rTSSrmWrlU-00013-00003161-00003449 function m-file not a script m-file the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00014-00003450-00003815 function is called mck it accepts m c
6rTSSrmWrlU-00015-00003815-00004097 and k which are the mass damping and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00016-00004098-00004391 spring constants along with u which is
6rTSSrmWrlU-00017-00004392-00004595 an anonymous function representing the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00018-00004596-00004943 externally applied force U of T next it
6rTSSrmWrlU-00019-00004944-00005249 accepts T which is our time span T can
6rTSSrmWrlU-00020-00005250-00005411 either be a two element Vector
6rTSSrmWrlU-00021-00005412-00005597 containing the start and end times of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00022-00005598-00005831 the time span or a long Vector of times
6rTSSrmWrlU-00023-00005832-00006017 containing all the times at which we
6rTSSrmWrlU-00024-00006018-00006179 want to solve the ode
6rTSSrmWrlU-00025-00006180-00006365 X naught and V naught are the initial
6rTSSrmWrlU-00026-00006366-00006569 position and velocity respectively
6rTSSrmWrlU-00027-00006570-00006851 finally options is a special variable
6rTSSrmWrlU-00028-00006852-00007048 which we can use to refine the accuracy
6rTSSrmWrlU-00029-00007050-00007360 of the ode45 algorithm we'll get into
6rTSSrmWrlU-00030-00007361-00007534 the options variable a little bit more
6rTSSrmWrlU-00031-00007536-00007787 later on the first output of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00032-00007788-00008039 function is TT which is the output time
6rTSSrmWrlU-00033-00008040-00008387 Vector if T the input time Vector only
6rTSSrmWrlU-00034-00008388-00008645 contains two elements the ode45
6rTSSrmWrlU-00035-00008646-00008849 algorithm will automatically choose the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00036-00008850-00009059 step size and those step sizes will be
6rTSSrmWrlU-00037-00009060-00009377 contained in the TT output Vector but if
6rTSSrmWrlU-00038-00009378-00009617 the input Vector T has more than two
6rTSSrmWrlU-00039-00009618-00009923 elements ode45 is forced to solve the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00040-00009924-00010187 ode at all points within the T Vector so
6rTSSrmWrlU-00041-00010188-00010499 t t and t will be identical
6rTSSrmWrlU-00042-00010500-00010828 X and V is the masses position and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00043-00010829-00011074 velocity respectively you can read all
6rTSSrmWrlU-00044-00011075-00011224 this in the pre-written documentation
6rTSSrmWrlU-00045-00011225-00011363 down here
6rTSSrmWrlU-00046-00011364-00011549 the body of the function itself is
6rTSSrmWrlU-00047-00011550-00011764 actually going to be pretty short all we
6rTSSrmWrlU-00048-00011765-00011987 really need to do is type in the Z dot
6rTSSrmWrlU-00049-00011988-00012203 matrix from the last video and call
6rTSSrmWrlU-00050-00012204-00014201 ode45
6rTSSrmWrlU-00051-00014202-00014458 we could alternatively Express Z dot in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00052-00014459-00016817 Matrix form
6rTSSrmWrlU-00053-00016818-00017105 use whichever form you prefer you'll get
6rTSSrmWrlU-00054-00017106-00017315 the same answer no matter what
6rTSSrmWrlU-00055-00017316-00017489 now that we have our system of first
6rTSSrmWrlU-00056-00017490-00018683 order Odes we can call ode45
6rTSSrmWrlU-00057-00018684-00018893 this should be fairly straightforward
6rTSSrmWrlU-00058-00018894-00019163 with one wrinkle the last input to the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00059-00019164-00019391 ode45 function call is this options
6rTSSrmWrlU-00060-00019392-00019619 variable the options variable will
6rTSSrmWrlU-00061-00019620-00019811 control how much accuracy we want the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00062-00019812-00020111 ode45 function to have once again this
6rTSSrmWrlU-00063-00020112-00020272 will make a lot more sense in just a
6rTSSrmWrlU-00064-00020273-00020464 little bit once we utilize this mck
6rTSSrmWrlU-00065-00020465-00020747 function in our test cases script the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00066-00020748-00020914 last thing we need to do is parse the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00067-00020915-00021227 outputs when ode45 is done it produces
6rTSSrmWrlU-00068-00021228-00021533 the output time Vector TT and a matrix
6rTSSrmWrlU-00069-00021534-00021713 of results Z
6rTSSrmWrlU-00070-00021714-00022025 Z will have two columns one for Z1 and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00071-00022026-00022150 one for Z2
6rTSSrmWrlU-00072-00022151-00022336 recall that when we converted the second
6rTSSrmWrlU-00073-00022337-00022589 order ode into a system of first order
6rTSSrmWrlU-00074-00022590-00022978 Odes we said Z1 equals X and Z2 equals x
6rTSSrmWrlU-00075-00022979-00023267 dot therefore the First Column of the Z
6rTSSrmWrlU-00076-00023268-00023507 Vector corresponds to the position and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00077-00023508-00023680 the second column corresponds to the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00078-00023681-00025194 velocity
6rTSSrmWrlU-00079-00025195-00025505 that's all for the mck function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00080-00025506-00025744 part C of the problem wants us to test
6rTSSrmWrlU-00081-00025745-00025931 our function using various parameter
6rTSSrmWrlU-00082-00025932-00026164 values I prepared a skeleton script to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00083-00026166-00026435 help us
6rTSSrmWrlU-00084-00026436-00026639 first we'll explore the effect of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00085-00026639-00026824 changing the damping coefficient C
6rTSSrmWrlU-00086-00026825-00027107 without any forcing function then we'll
6rTSSrmWrlU-00087-00027108-00027257 explore the effect of changing the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00088-00027258-00027407 forcing function while holding the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00089-00027408-00027587 damping value constant
6rTSSrmWrlU-00090-00027588-00027796 I already typed out some parameters to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00091-00027797-00028024 save us some time we have the initial
6rTSSrmWrlU-00092-00028025-00028264 conditions the time range and the system
6rTSSrmWrlU-00093-00028266-00028577 parameters note that cvec contains three
6rTSSrmWrlU-00094-00028577-00028787 different values because we are testing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00095-00028788-00028996 three different C values as specified in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00096-00028997-00029261 the problem statement one parameter we
6rTSSrmWrlU-00097-00029262-00029417 do need to type out ourselves is the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00098-00029418-00029711 forcing function U of T the mck function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00099-00029712-00029968 we just wrote requires U of T to be an
6rTSSrmWrlU-00100-00029969-00030196 anonymous function the problem statement
6rTSSrmWrlU-00101-00030197-00030407 says that we need to make U of T equals
6rTSSrmWrlU-00102-00030408-00030599 zero for part C so this is pretty
6rTSSrmWrlU-00103-00030600-00031987 straightforward to code
6rTSSrmWrlU-00104-00031988-00032249 I made this variable U naught to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00105-00032250-00032452 represent a constant magnitude forcing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00106-00032453-00032705 function just for generality you can
6rTSSrmWrlU-00107-00032706-00032867 play with the completed script on your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00108-00032868-00033059 own and test out different values of U
6rTSSrmWrlU-00109-00033060-00033287 naught to see how the system behaves
6rTSSrmWrlU-00110-00033288-00033521 right below you we have the options
6rTSSrmWrlU-00111-00033522-00033617 variable
6rTSSrmWrlU-00112-00033618-00033862 the options variable calls the ode set
6rTSSrmWrlU-00113-00033863-00034055 function with the appropriate name value
6rTSSrmWrlU-00114-00034056-00034324 pairs in this case we are going to set
6rTSSrmWrlU-00115-00034325-00034505 both the relative and the absolute
6rTSSrmWrlU-00116-00034506-00034859 tolerances to one e negative 6 each
6rTSSrmWrlU-00117-00034860-00035111 now we need to call the mck function for
6rTSSrmWrlU-00118-00035112-00035387 each C value in the cvac vector so let's
6rTSSrmWrlU-00120-00040747-00041093 the XC and VC variables are matrices
6rTSSrmWrlU-00121-00041094-00041267 which hold the position and velocities
6rTSSrmWrlU-00122-00041268-00041555 of each test case both variables have
6rTSSrmWrlU-00123-00041556-00041771 three rows which correspond to the three
6rTSSrmWrlU-00124-00041772-00041890 test cases
6rTSSrmWrlU-00125-00041891-00042107 within the for loop I called the mck
6rTSSrmWrlU-00126-00042108-00042383 function with the appropriate cvac entry
6rTSSrmWrlU-00127-00042384-00042665 the first output of the mck function is
6rTSSrmWrlU-00128-00042666-00043073 TT the time Vector generated by ode45 I
6rTSSrmWrlU-00129-00043074-00043252 chose to ignore it because it will be
6rTSSrmWrlU-00130-00043253-00043474 identical to our input time Vector T
6rTSSrmWrlU-00131-00043475-00043702 since the T Vector contains all the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00132-00043703-00043895 points at which we want to evaluate the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00133-00043896-00044135 ode not just merely the start and end
6rTSSrmWrlU-00134-00044136-00044374 times I stored the resulting positions
6rTSSrmWrlU-00135-00044375-00044680 and velocities in each row of the XC and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00136-00044681-00044933 VC matrices respectively
6rTSSrmWrlU-00137-00044934-00045185 the plot contains the masses position on
6rTSSrmWrlU-00138-00045186-00045340 the upper cell plot and the masses
6rTSSrmWrlU-00139-00045341-00045574 velocity on the lower subplot
6rTSSrmWrlU-00140-00045575-00045779 before we look at any of the Curves in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00141-00045780-00045952 depth we should always check our initial
6rTSSrmWrlU-00142-00045953-00046168 position and velocity when you're first
6rTSSrmWrlU-00143-00046169-00046396 starting out solving Odes in Matlab it
6rTSSrmWrlU-00144-00046397-00046546 can be difficult to ascertain the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00145-00046547-00046768 correctness of your plots no matter the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00146-00046769-00046943 complexity of the problem statement or
6rTSSrmWrlU-00147-00046944-00047117 your code you should always check the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00148-00047118-00047351 initial conditions if your plot does not
6rTSSrmWrlU-00149-00047352-00047530 display the correct initial conditions
6rTSSrmWrlU-00150-00047531-00047705 you know for sure that something in your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00151-00047706-00047987 code is wrong for the position plot all
6rTSSrmWrlU-00152-00047988-00048149 three curves start at an initial
6rTSSrmWrlU-00153-00048150-00048407 position of one meter or the velocity
6rTSSrmWrlU-00154-00048408-00048652 plot all three curves start at V equals
6rTSSrmWrlU-00155-00048653-00048929 0 meters per second additionally if we
6rTSSrmWrlU-00156-00048930-00049121 zoom in really closely you add T equals
6rTSSrmWrlU-00157-00049122-00049343 zero up on the position plot here it
6rTSSrmWrlU-00158-00049344-00049540 appears as if all three curves have an
6rTSSrmWrlU-00159-00049541-00050177 initial slope of zero
6rTSSrmWrlU-00160-00050178-00050393 we now know that our initial conditions
6rTSSrmWrlU-00161-00050394-00050543 are correct so we can check that
6rTSSrmWrlU-00162-00050544-00050801 checkbox of course we can't guarantee
6rTSSrmWrlU-00163-00050802-00050974 that the rest of our plot is right but
6rTSSrmWrlU-00164-00050975-00051089 something else we can do is
6rTSSrmWrlU-00165-00051090-00051280 qualitatively examine the shape of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00166-00051282-00051514 curves the blue curve represents the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00167-00051515-00051773 masses motion when we have no damping to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00168-00051774-00051976 reiterate the purpose of the damper is
6rTSSrmWrlU-00169-00051977-00052204 to dissipate energy from the system but
6rTSSrmWrlU-00170-00052205-00052463 because there's no damper AKA C equals
6rTSSrmWrlU-00171-00052464-00052661 zero the amplitudes of the vibrations
6rTSSrmWrlU-00172-00052662-00052930 remain constant over time
6rTSSrmWrlU-00173-00052932-00053129 this is hopefully reminiscent of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00174-00053129-00053303 simple harmonic motion plots from the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00175-00053304-00053459 mass spring systems you saw in your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00176-00053460-00053650 intro physics class
6rTSSrmWrlU-00177-00053651-00053861 now let's look at the red curve when C
6rTSSrmWrlU-00178-00053862-00054137 equals 8 Newton Second per meter we can
6rTSSrmWrlU-00179-00054138-00054304 clearly see the difference between the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00180-00054305-00054461 blue and the red curves
6rTSSrmWrlU-00181-00054462-00054647 when you introduce stamping into the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00182-00054648-00054821 system the height of each Crest
6rTSSrmWrlU-00183-00054822-00055049 gradually decreases because the damper
6rTSSrmWrlU-00184-00055050-00055259 is taking away energy at every point in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00185-00055260-00055499 time if we mentally extrapolate the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00186-00055500-00055709 trend exhibited by the red curve we can
6rTSSrmWrlU-00187-00055710-00055865 guess that the mass will eventually stop
6rTSSrmWrlU-00188-00055866-00056116 moving altogether it will remain at x
6rTSSrmWrlU-00189-00056117-00056297 equals zero indefinitely with no
6rTSSrmWrlU-00190-00056298-00056465 velocity because the damper has
6rTSSrmWrlU-00191-00056466-00056680 transferred out all of the energy I
6rTSSrmWrlU-00192-00056682-00056849 encourage you to go back into the code
6rTSSrmWrlU-00193-00056850-00057059 and change the final time from T equals
6rTSSrmWrlU-00194-00057060-00057292 20 seconds to some much bigger number to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00195-00057294-00057466 see if I'm right
6rTSSrmWrlU-00196-00057467-00057694 finally the yellow curve represents the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00197-00057695-00057880 masses motion when we apply the larger
6rTSSrmWrlU-00198-00057882-00058115 stamping value C equals 40 Newton Second
6rTSSrmWrlU-00199-00058116-00058432 per meters as expected a larger c means
6rTSSrmWrlU-00200-00058433-00058630 energy is dissipated faster so the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00201-00058632-00058894 vibrations die out faster in fact there
6rTSSrmWrlU-00202-00058895-00059099 really isn't that much oscillation it
6rTSSrmWrlU-00203-00059100-00059416 just declines to zero and stays there
6rTSSrmWrlU-00204-00059417-00059603 the key takeaway from this part of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00205-00059604-00059771 problem is to illustrate the effect of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00206-00059772-00059926 the damper value on the system's
6rTSSrmWrlU-00207-00059927-00060154 position and velocity when there's no
6rTSSrmWrlU-00208-00060155-00060400 damper the system is said to be undamped
6rTSSrmWrlU-00209-00060401-00060676 when C equals 2 times the square root of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00210-00060677-00060965 M times K exactly the system is said to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00211-00060966-00061229 be critically damped in our problem the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00212-00061229-00061450 value C equals 40 corresponds to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00213-00061451-00061744 critical damping if C is less than 2
6rTSSrmWrlU-00214-00061745-00061961 times the square root of MK like here
6rTSSrmWrlU-00215-00061962-00062182 when C equals 8 Newton Second per meters
6rTSSrmWrlU-00216-00062183-00062459 the system is said to be under damped we
6rTSSrmWrlU-00217-00062460-00062669 didn't do this part but if C is greater
6rTSSrmWrlU-00218-00062670-00062842 than 2 times the square root of M times
6rTSSrmWrlU-00219-00062844-00063130 K the system is over damped we won't go
6rTSSrmWrlU-00220-00063132-00063280 into more depth about the types of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00221-00063282-00063466 damping in this class but keep these in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00222-00063467-00063580 the back of your mind for your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00223-00063582-00063850 vibrations class later on
6rTSSrmWrlU-00224-00063851-00064054 okay we have one more part of this
6rTSSrmWrlU-00225-00064055-00064288 problem and the part we just did we made
6rTSSrmWrlU-00226-00064289-00064529 the input force U of T equals 0 and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00227-00064529-00064715 tried out three different C values and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00228-00064716-00064930 saw how the position and velocity of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00229-00064932-00065213 mass behaved now we're going to fix the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00230-00065214-00065404 C value but give three different input
6rTSSrmWrlU-00231-00065405-00065632 forcing functions a constant forcing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00232-00065633-00065897 function a sinusoidal or harmonic
6rTSSrmWrlU-00233-00065898-00066125 forcing function and a pulsed forcing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00234-00066126-00066221 function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00235-00066222-00066461 in the last example we used a for Loop
6rTSSrmWrlU-00236-00066462-00066688 to iterate through each C value but I
6rTSSrmWrlU-00237-00066689-00066869 think this part is better suited to a
6rTSSrmWrlU-00238-00066870-00067019 switch statement just so we don't
6rTSSrmWrlU-00239-00067020-00067229 generate a whole bunch of plots
6rTSSrmWrlU-00240-00067230-00067415 I already defined some of the parameters
6rTSSrmWrlU-00241-00067416-00067553 we'll use in the next part of the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00242-00067554-00067775 problem down here so let's go ahead and
6rTSSrmWrlU-00243-00067776-00068015 write the switch statement each case of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00244-00068016-00068165 the switch statement will control what
6rTSSrmWrlU-00245-00068166-00068344 type of forcing function we feed into
6rTSSrmWrlU-00247-00074900-00075191 you can change the type variable to be
6rTSSrmWrlU-00248-00075192-00075485 the string constant harmonic or pulsed
6rTSSrmWrlU-00249-00075486-00075694 the switch statement will automatically
6rTSSrmWrlU-00250-00075695-00075887 select the appropriate forcing function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00251-00075888-00076103 if we choose the constant forcing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00252-00076104-00076271 function we can see it on the upper
6rTSSrmWrlU-00253-00076272-00076517 subplot of the newly created figure when
6rTSSrmWrlU-00254-00076518-00076667 the system undergoes a constant
6rTSSrmWrlU-00255-00076668-00076919 magnitude excitation the vibration still
6rTSSrmWrlU-00256-00076920-00077093 eventually die out but the position
6rTSSrmWrlU-00257-00077094-00077393 settles to around x equals 0.5 meters
6rTSSrmWrlU-00258-00077394-00077549 instead of zero
6rTSSrmWrlU-00259-00077550-00077747 now let's see what happens when we apply
6rTSSrmWrlU-00260-00077748-00078832 the harmonic excitation
6rTSSrmWrlU-00261-00078833-00079037 the harmonic plot is pretty interesting
6rTSSrmWrlU-00262-00079038-00079247 it takes some time for the system to
6rTSSrmWrlU-00263-00079248-00079444 adjust to the harmonic forcing but the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00264-00079445-00079619 position and velocity plots eventually
6rTSSrmWrlU-00265-00079620-00079817 mirror the forcing function's periodic
6rTSSrmWrlU-00266-00079818-00080081 nature finally let's do the pulse
6rTSSrmWrlU-00267-00080082-00080903 forcing
6rTSSrmWrlU-00268-00080904-00081119 we can see that the step function starts
6rTSSrmWrlU-00269-00081120-00081347 at 10 Newtons and becomes 0 at 20
6rTSSrmWrlU-00270-00081348-00081605 seconds the position and velocity plots
6rTSSrmWrlU-00271-00081606-00081767 also reflect on the abrupt shift in
6rTSSrmWrlU-00272-00081768-00081965 Behavior at this time T equals 20
6rTSSrmWrlU-00273-00081966-00082265 seconds as well from T equals 0 to T
6rTSSrmWrlU-00274-00082266-00082511 equals 20 the position plot resembles
6rTSSrmWrlU-00275-00082512-00082762 the constant forcing plot we see that
6rTSSrmWrlU-00276-00082763-00082949 the amplitude of vibrations Decay over
6rTSSrmWrlU-00277-00082950-00083159 time but it appears that the system will
6rTSSrmWrlU-00278-00083160-00083332 reach a steady state value of around 0.5
6rTSSrmWrlU-00279-00083333-00083549 meters if we keep the forcing function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00280-00083550-00083794 at 10 Newtons indefinitely but because
6rTSSrmWrlU-00281-00083795-00084017 the input force ends at T equals 20
6rTSSrmWrlU-00282-00084018-00084269 seconds the position suddenly drops down
6rTSSrmWrlU-00283-00084270-00084461 but continues oscillating just like
6rTSSrmWrlU-00284-00084462-00084682 before the difference is now the mass
6rTSSrmWrlU-00285-00084683-00084887 will reach a steady state value of zero
6rTSSrmWrlU-00286-00084888-00085103 just as we saw in the previous part of
6rTSSrmWrlU-00287-00085104-00085361 the problem the velocity plot follows a
6rTSSrmWrlU-00288-00085362-00085606 similar trend
6rTSSrmWrlU-00289-00085607-00085823 this concludes the mass spring damper
6rTSSrmWrlU-00290-00085824-00086038 problem I hope this gave you a brief but
6rTSSrmWrlU-00291-00086039-00086194 useful introduction to this classic
6rTSSrmWrlU-00292-00086195-00086417 engineering problem I intentionally
6rTSSrmWrlU-00293-00086418-00086626 wrote the mck function and this driver
6rTSSrmWrlU-00294-00086627-00086782 script to allow for parameter
6rTSSrmWrlU-00295-00086783-00086891 flexibility
6rTSSrmWrlU-00296-00086892-00087088 you can change virtually any parameter
6rTSSrmWrlU-00297-00087089-00087311 and the code should work just fine
6rTSSrmWrlU-00298-00087312-00087473 please test out different parameters
6rTSSrmWrlU-00299-00087474-00087688 especially the forcing functions on your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00300-00087689-00087887 own time to gain familiarity with this
6rTSSrmWrlU-00301-00087888-00088121 code just remember to always make the
6rTSSrmWrlU-00302-00088122-00088385 forcing function an anonymous function
6rTSSrmWrlU-00303-00088386-00088541 you should save this code for your
6rTSSrmWrlU-00304-00088542-00088715 vibrations class because many problems
6rTSSrmWrlU-00305-00088716-00088937 will be similar to this one see you next
6rTSSrmWrlU-00306-00088938-00089156 time
6sCUiXktqGM-00000-00000404-00000599 and today we are going to do an
6sCUiXktqGM-00001-00000600-00000724 important session
6sCUiXktqGM-00002-00000725-00000928 so students Central Bank of India scale
6sCUiXktqGM-00003-00000930-00001127 3 and scale for notifications are out
6sCUiXktqGM-00004-00001128-00001378 right for chief manager and Senior
6sCUiXktqGM-00005-00001379-00001625 manager so there are a lot of doubts
6sCUiXktqGM-00006-00001626-00001843 among students but sorry doubt students
6sCUiXktqGM-00007-00001844-00002105 that's what I'm going to answer take
6sCUiXktqGM-00008-00002106-00002297 care so if there is anything in your
6sCUiXktqGM-00009-00002298-00002376 mind
6sCUiXktqGM-00010-00002377-00002639 you can ask her doubts in the comment
6sCUiXktqGM-00011-00002640-00002897 section now you can directly WhatsApp me
6sCUiXktqGM-00012-00002898-00003191 everybody has my WhatsApp number in the
6sCUiXktqGM-00013-00003192-00003472 group right so ask your doubts right
6sCUiXktqGM-00014-00003473-00004049 first of all which post to apply conci
6sCUiXktqGM-00015-00004050-00004343 for whichever post you are eligible a
6sCUiXktqGM-00016-00004344-00004572 garage
6sCUiXktqGM-00017-00004573-00004877 if you are eligible for skill 4 go for
6sCUiXktqGM-00018-00004878-00005195 scale 4 right so please check uh age
6sCUiXktqGM-00019-00005196-00005399 criteria fulfill current first of all
6sCUiXktqGM-00020-00005400-00006241 experience a criteria work experience
6sCUiXktqGM-00021-00006242-00006514 if you are able to fulfill the criteria
6sCUiXktqGM-00022-00006515-00006942 of scale 3 then go for Skill 3 right
6sCUiXktqGM-00023-00006943-00007342 so the level of competition in scale 4
6sCUiXktqGM-00024-00007343-00007570 would be higher according to me because
6sCUiXktqGM-00025-00007572-00008227 number of vacancies
6sCUiXktqGM-00026-00008228-00008651 the level of competition
6sCUiXktqGM-00027-00008652-00008964 uh because yeah maybe five years
6sCUiXktqGM-00028-00008965-00010096 work experience to have five years
6sCUiXktqGM-00029-00010097-00010355 so education qualification is graduation
6sCUiXktqGM-00030-00010356-00010613 in any discipline right so if you have
6sCUiXktqGM-00031-00010614-00010877 done b a b com B Tech you are eligible
6sCUiXktqGM-00032-00010878-00011195 no post graduation required CIB or
6sCUiXktqGM-00033-00011196-00011363 higher qualification would be given
6sCUiXktqGM-00034-00011364-00011863 preference but it is not a mandatory
6sCUiXktqGM-00035-00011864-00012346 no issues right so CIB it is uh you know
6sCUiXktqGM-00036-00012347-00012581 it is preferred if you have done CIB you
6sCUiXktqGM-00037-00012582-00012738 are preferred otherwise
6sCUiXktqGM-00038-00012739-00012977 just apply for it
6sCUiXktqGM-00039-00012978-00013222 so which kind of work experience is
6sCUiXktqGM-00040-00013223-00013457 acceptable one of the most important
6sCUiXktqGM-00041-00013458-00013672 query among students
6sCUiXktqGM-00042-00013673-00013966 minimum five years senior manager under
6sCUiXktqGM-00043-00013968-00014249 seven years Chief manager
6sCUiXktqGM-00044-00014250-00014501 as an officer in public sector Bank
6sCUiXktqGM-00045-00014502-00014680 Point number one public sector Bank
6sCUiXktqGM-00046-00014681-00014944 Point number two private Banks Point
6sCUiXktqGM-00047-00014945-00015221 number three any nbfc
6sCUiXktqGM-00048-00015222-00015479 first of all the organizations private
6sCUiXktqGM-00049-00015480-00015688 sector public sector Bank private sector
6sCUiXktqGM-00050-00015690-00016157 Bank nbfcs clearly it is given so rrb
6sCUiXktqGM-00051-00016158-00016297 cover work experience
6sCUiXktqGM-00052-00016297-00016589 no it is not valid okay
6sCUiXktqGM-00053-00016590-00016963 nbfc such as muthoot Finance
6sCUiXktqGM-00054-00016964-00017333 yes of course it is valid right uh work
6sCUiXktqGM-00055-00017334-00017675 experience in a private sector is it
6sCUiXktqGM-00056-00017676-00017921 valid private sector uh
6sCUiXktqGM-00057-00017922-00018761 okay
6sCUiXktqGM-00058-00018762-00019417 and then uh if you are off rules
6sCUiXktqGM-00059-00019418-00019722 not at all you should be on the rules of
6sCUiXktqGM-00060-00019723-00019991 a public sector Bank private sector bank
6sCUiXktqGM-00061-00019992-00020203 or in nbfc
6sCUiXktqGM-00062-00020204-00020489 if you are having an agency Recovery
6sCUiXktqGM-00063-00020490-00020825 Agency then you are not eligible so you
6sCUiXktqGM-00064-00020826-00021113 should be on the rules of rrbs you
6sCUiXktqGM-00065-00021114-00021311 should be a permanent employee of an of
6sCUiXktqGM-00066-00021312-00021617 a public sector Bank private bank or an
6sCUiXktqGM-00067-00021618-00021893 nbfc ticket experience as a branch
6sCUiXktqGM-00068-00021894-00022144 manager experience in credit or foreign
6sCUiXktqGM-00069-00022145-00022289 exchange would be given preference
6sCUiXktqGM-00070-00022290-00023125 ticket
6sCUiXktqGM-00071-00023126-00023791 [Music]
6sCUiXktqGM-00072-00023792-00024191 it is not mandatory okay
6sCUiXktqGM-00073-00024192-00024455 the age criteria for the scale 3 as on
6sCUiXktqGM-00074-00024456-00024677 31st of December 2022 it should not
6sCUiXktqGM-00075-00024678-00025108 exceed 35 years for scale 3 and 40 years
6sCUiXktqGM-00076-00025109-00025325 for scale four so this is the age
6sCUiXktqGM-00077-00025326-00025571 criteria 35 years for scale 3 and 40
6sCUiXktqGM-00078-00025572-00025768 years for scale four okay
6sCUiXktqGM-00079-00025769-00026039 so if you are eligible only for scale 4
6sCUiXktqGM-00080-00026039-00026183 then obviously you should apply for
6sCUiXktqGM-00081-00026183-00026446 scale for if you are like 30 31 32 33
6sCUiXktqGM-00082-00026447-00026770 years old go for uh you know uh scale
6sCUiXktqGM-00083-00026772-00026873 three
6sCUiXktqGM-00084-00026874-00027167 but if you satisfy the eligibility
6sCUiXktqGM-00085-00027168-00027437 criteria of scale 4 I would personally
6sCUiXktqGM-00086-00027438-00027664 recommend you to go for scale 4. if you
6sCUiXktqGM-00087-00027666-00027905 are let's say 30 to 33 years old with
6sCUiXktqGM-00088-00027906-00028157 seven years or eight years of work
6sCUiXktqGM-00089-00028158-00028343 experience which is very common right
6sCUiXktqGM-00090-00028344-00028739 then go for scale four age is not an
6sCUiXktqGM-00091-00028739-00028967 issue right age come here if you are 32
6sCUiXktqGM-00092-00028968-00029140 years old and you are going for scale 4
6sCUiXktqGM-00093-00029141-00029368 that is not a problem that is an
6sCUiXktqGM-00094-00029369-00029717 advantage that by the age of 33 34 you
6sCUiXktqGM-00095-00029718-00029861 are having 10 years of work experience
6sCUiXktqGM-00096-00029862-00030064 then it is a plus point it is an
6sCUiXktqGM-00097-00030066-00030467 advantage it is not a disadvantage
6sCUiXktqGM-00098-00030468-00030677 uh exam pattern there is a lot of
6sCUiXktqGM-00099-00030677-00030905 confusion among students regarding the
6sCUiXktqGM-00100-00030906-00031145 syllabus banking as a labels present
6sCUiXktqGM-00101-00031145-00031331 economics scenario and general awareness
6sCUiXktqGM-00102-00031332-00031643 syllabus computer students go almost
6sCUiXktqGM-00103-00031644-00031823 clearly
6sCUiXktqGM-00104-00031824-00032068 syllabus uh see students there is in the
6sCUiXktqGM-00105-00032069-00032296 banking the most let me just hide myself
6sCUiXktqGM-00106-00032297-00032620 the most important Point here is the RBA
6sCUiXktqGM-00107-00032622-00032723 circular
6sCUiXktqGM-00108-00032724-00033052 uh just update rrb scale to scale three
6sCUiXktqGM-00109-00033053-00033239 exam day crazy recently Bank of
6sCUiXktqGM-00110-00033240-00033490 Maharashtra exam or a journalist officer
6sCUiXktqGM-00111-00033491-00033881 so scale three scale foreign
6sCUiXktqGM-00112-00033882-00034357 nearly at least like six seven eight uh
6sCUiXktqGM-00113-00034358-00034607 maybe like 10 12 question you can expect
6sCUiXktqGM-00114-00034608-00034973 from RBA circular last one year circular
6sCUiXktqGM-00115-00034974-00035189 I recommend all my students right
6sCUiXktqGM-00116-00035190-00035561 banking reforms okay banking industry at
6sCUiXktqGM-00117-00035562-00035974 a large regulatory bodies in India B RBI
6sCUiXktqGM-00118-00035975-00036239 uh whatever they are doing their heads
6sCUiXktqGM-00119-00036240-00036359 governor
6sCUiXktqGM-00120-00036360-00036677 important International banking Forex
6sCUiXktqGM-00121-00036678-00037043 uh financial and capital markets uh
6sCUiXktqGM-00122-00037044-00037246 financial terms banking terms are very
6sCUiXktqGM-00123-00037247-00037462 very important latest acts related to
6sCUiXktqGM-00124-00037463-00037579 banking
6sCUiXktqGM-00125-00037580-00037805 IBC is really important negotiable
6sCUiXktqGM-00126-00037806-00037955 instrument Act is really important
6sCUiXktqGM-00127-00037956-00038152 surprise C Stamp Act
6sCUiXktqGM-00128-00038153-00039865 foreign
6sCUiXktqGM-00129-00039866-00040037 as well
6sCUiXktqGM-00130-00040038-00040240 capital and money market instruments
6sCUiXktqGM-00131-00040241-00040565 Commercial Bank nbfchfc is the latest
6sCUiXktqGM-00132-00040566-00040859 news and emerger acquisition uh credit
6sCUiXktqGM-00133-00040860-00041130 rating agencies
6sCUiXktqGM-00134-00041131-00041743 the banking and present economics
6sCUiXktqGM-00135-00041744-00042059 so that's a thing Indian Financial
6sCUiXktqGM-00136-00042060-00042389 system Financial Market instruments uh
6sCUiXktqGM-00137-00042390-00042617 important committees foreign investment
6sCUiXktqGM-00138-00042618-00042809 and trade growth numbers by various
6sCUiXktqGM-00139-00042810-00043090 organizations right Union budgets
6sCUiXktqGM-00140-00043091-00043295 obviously
6sCUiXktqGM-00141-00043296-00043559 latest merger accusation where banks
6sCUiXktqGM-00142-00043560-00043835 financial institutions heads of various
6sCUiXktqGM-00143-00043836-00044093 Financial organization mutual fund basal
6sCUiXktqGM-00144-00044094-00044302 Norms uh products are launched by
6sCUiXktqGM-00145-00044303-00044573 various Banks loan agreements um with
6sCUiXktqGM-00146-00044574-00044752 Finance International Organization
6sCUiXktqGM-00147-00044753-00045035 National organizations apps and portals
6sCUiXktqGM-00148-00045036-00045268 launched by Banks full form of uh you
6sCUiXktqGM-00149-00045269-00045545 know Banks the bank names small Finance
6sCUiXktqGM-00150-00045546-00045785 Bank bank is slogans not really
6sCUiXktqGM-00151-00045786-00045929 important government schemes are really
6sCUiXktqGM-00152-00045930-00046099 really important
6sCUiXktqGM-00153-00046100-00046585 questions
6sCUiXktqGM-00154-00046586-00046889 ratio analysis cost of Capital financial
6sCUiXktqGM-00155-00046890-00047135 statement analysis ibac Norms are very
6sCUiXktqGM-00156-00047136-00047380 very important and any news related to
6sCUiXktqGM-00157-00047381-00047579 Banking and economy we are going to do
6sCUiXktqGM-00158-00047580-00047735 that don't worry
6sCUiXktqGM-00159-00047736-00047927 computer knowledge May history of
6sCUiXktqGM-00160-00047928-00048185 computers introduction of computers
6sCUiXktqGM-00161-00048186-00048383 basics of hardware and software input
6sCUiXktqGM-00162-00048384-00048539 and output devices number system
6sCUiXktqGM-00163-00048540-00048796 operating system Basics the basic
6sCUiXktqGM-00164-00048797-00049001 internet knowledge and protocol basic
6sCUiXktqGM-00165-00049002-00049217 functionalities of MS Office networking
6sCUiXktqGM-00166-00049218-00049480 and communication database basics
6sCUiXktqGM-00167-00049481-00049739 memory and storage devices computer
6sCUiXktqGM-00168-00049740-00050027 shortcut keys computer aviations right
6sCUiXktqGM-00169-00050028-00050207 so that's the syllabus of computer
6sCUiXktqGM-00170-00050208-00050467 knowledge
6sCUiXktqGM-00171-00050468-00050807 right so MS Office a lot of questions
6sCUiXktqGM-00172-00050808-00051214 would be there from MS Office only
6sCUiXktqGM-00173-00051215-00051466 present economic scenario so monthly GK
6sCUiXktqGM-00174-00051467-00051640 does that we prepare it's really really
6sCUiXktqGM-00175-00051641-00051880 important for your exams right so again
6sCUiXktqGM-00176-00051882-00052054 repeated government schemes it is
6sCUiXktqGM-00177-00052055-00052301 repeated the list of summits and
6sCUiXktqGM-00178-00052302-00052499 conferences we are going to make tables
6sCUiXktqGM-00179-00052500-00052685 just go through the tables repeat with
6sCUiXktqGM-00180-00052686-00052799 them Barber
6sCUiXktqGM-00181-00052800-00052985 so India's rank in different indices
6sCUiXktqGM-00182-00052986-00053171 list of appointments
6sCUiXktqGM-00183-00053172-00053429 list of important days with themes mou
6sCUiXktqGM-00184-00053429-00053680 sports events could be latest sports
6sCUiXktqGM-00185-00053682-00053975 event and the winner so whatever is in
6sCUiXktqGM-00186-00053976-00054191 the news it can be there in your exam
6sCUiXktqGM-00187-00054191-00054594 for example uh be Australian Open
6sCUiXktqGM-00188-00054595-00054838 so who's a winner it can be there in
6sCUiXktqGM-00189-00054839-00055037 your exam fee the winner of FIFA the
6sCUiXktqGM-00190-00055038-00055307 winner of world uh world cup hockey it
6sCUiXktqGM-00191-00055308-00055523 can be there in your exam for sure
6sCUiXktqGM-00192-00055524-00055757 so Awards and honors complete list of
6sCUiXktqGM-00193-00055758-00056021 obituaries a list of brand ambassadors
6sCUiXktqGM-00194-00056022-00056254 cabinet Ministers of India
6sCUiXktqGM-00195-00056255-00056623 could be government scheme change
6sCUiXktqGM-00196-00056624-00056963 so that will be there in your exam join
6sCUiXktqGM-00197-00056964-00057197 military exercises International reports
6sCUiXktqGM-00198-00057198-00057454 and indices any book release in 2022
6sCUiXktqGM-00199-00057455-00057857 2023 any Festival organized in India in
6sCUiXktqGM-00200-00057858-00058061 last uh six seven months that would be
6sCUiXktqGM-00201-00058062-00058349 very very important for your exam paper
6sCUiXktqGM-00202-00058350-00058523 so don't worry
6sCUiXktqGM-00203-00058524-00058738 so how you can cover your syllabus you
6sCUiXktqGM-00204-00058739-00058900 can cover your syllabus with the help of
6sCUiXktqGM-00205-00058901-00059242 our course so cbiso senior manager and
6sCUiXktqGM-00206-00059244-00059513 chief manager course it's available on
6sCUiXktqGM-00207-00059514-00059747 Bank exam study.com right so we are
6sCUiXktqGM-00208-00059748-00059926 covering the entire syllabus with the
6sCUiXktqGM-00209-00059927-00060137 help of video classes notes test series
6sCUiXktqGM-00210-00060138-00060407 Live quizzes live sessions everything is
6sCUiXktqGM-00211-00060408-00060665 available on the dashboard link to join
6sCUiXktqGM-00212-00060666-00060821 the course is available in the
6sCUiXktqGM-00213-00060822-00060982 description and this is my personal
6sCUiXktqGM-00214-00060983-00061199 WhatsApp number nine zero six seven two
6sCUiXktqGM-00215-00061200-00061415 zero one triple zero this is my personal
6sCUiXktqGM-00216-00061416-00061613 WhatsApp number in case there is any
6sCUiXktqGM-00217-00061614-00061841 doubt please ask your doubts we are
6sCUiXktqGM-00218-00061841-00062032 going to answer your doubts right list
6sCUiXktqGM-00219-00062033-00062219 of our successful students who took our
6sCUiXktqGM-00220-00062220-00062392 courses in the past and they crack their
6sCUiXktqGM-00221-00062394-00062638 respective exams all these students that
6sCUiXktqGM-00222-00062639-00062788 you got courses in the past and they
6sCUiXktqGM-00223-00062789-00062957 crack their respective exams they use
6sCUiXktqGM-00224-00062958-00063173 happy faces this can be you in the
6sCUiXktqGM-00225-00063174-00063287 future
6sCUiXktqGM-00226-00063288-00063599 so if there is any other doubt in your
6sCUiXktqGM-00227-00063600-00063850 mind always ask your doubts I am here to
6sCUiXktqGM-00228-00063851-00064150 answer your doubt that's my duty that's
6sCUiXktqGM-00229-00064151-00064391 my job so that's all for today students
6sCUiXktqGM-00230-00064391-00064529 thank you and have a very nice day
6sCUiXktqGM-00231-00064529-00064679 subscribe to the channel and like this
6sCUiXktqGM-00232-00064679-00064847 video that's really important thank you
6sCUiXktqGM-00233-00064848-00065204 and have a very nice day bye
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00000-00000191-00001688 [Music]
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00001-00001689-00002022 look this Motorola one power next
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00002-00002023-00002292 Flipkart sale is on October 11 price in
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00003-00002293-00002631 India specifications Motorola one power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00004-00002632-00002916 sale Flipkart Motorola one power will go
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00005-00002917-00003147 on sale via Flipkart from 12 p.m. today
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00006-00003148-00003399 this Majer ange smartphone is the first
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00007-00003400-00003606 from the Lenovo own brand to sport a
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00008-00003607-00003950 notch display refresh Motorola 1 power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00009-00003951-00004200 will now go on special on October 11th
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00010-00004201-00004371 at ODOT oh 1 midnight with the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00011-00004372-00004566 organization promising more supply of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00012-00004567-00004827 the telephone motorola claims it sold
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00013-00004828-00005061 100 units for every second however
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00014-00005062-00005297 didn't determine what number of units of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00015-00005298-00005463 the one powered had been offered on the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00016-00005464-00005708 main deal which occurred prior today
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00017-00005709-00005979 motorola 1 power will be accessible on
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00018-00005980-00006161 amid the big billion day sale on
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00019-00006162-00006420 Flipkart the Flipkart big billion days
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00020-00006420-00006642 deal begins October 10th proceeding till
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00021-00006643-00006927 October 14th deal offers will
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00022-00006928-00007181 incorporate 10% moment rebate for every
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00023-00007183-00007494 penny with HDFC Bank charge master cards
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00024-00007495-00007764 and ME exchanges and 50 for each penny
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00025-00007765-00007994 purchase pact strategy accessible at ARS
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00026-00007995-00008400 149 Motorola one power flip cart deal
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00027-00008401-00008603 Motorola one power will go on its
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00028-00008604-00008820 presentation deal in India at 12 p.m.
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00029-00008821-00009053 today the cell phone was propelled a
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00030-00009054-00009267 month ago and customers have possessed
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00031-00009268-00009477 the capacity to enroll for the flip car
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00032-00009478-00009721 select telephone from September 24th
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00033-00009722-00009978 Motorola 1 power as a mid go cell phone
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00034-00009979-00010214 that is a piece of Google's Android 1
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00035-00010215-00010473 program the telephone is estimated in
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00036-00010474-00010985 India ours 15999 highlighting a 6.2 inch
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00037-00010986-00011244 full HD plus LCD max vision show
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00038-00011245-00011508 Motorola 1 power of companies a screen
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00039-00011509-00011820 angle proportion of 19 to 9 in view of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00040-00011821-00012126 Android 8.1 Oreo the telephone runs the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00041-00012127-00012431 Snapdragon 636 processor that is
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00042-00012432-00012777 sponsored by the Audrina 509 GPU the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00043-00012778-00013100 telephone accompanies 4 gigabytes ram 64
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00044-00013101-00013325 gigabytes inside memory and expandable
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00045-00013326-00013616 stockpiling of up to 256 gigabytes
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00046-00013618-00014003 upheld by a my crystal awone power ships
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00047-00014004-00014283 with a 5000 gamma battery that backings
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00048-00014284-00014535 Turbo Power quick charger Motorola
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00049-00014536-00014646 claims that it
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00050-00014647-00014897 framework can offer six long stretches
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00051-00014899-00015087 of battery reinforcements with 15
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00052-00015088-00015378 minutes of charging Motorola 1 power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00053-00015379-00015660 motorola wantin power deal motorola one
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00054-00015661-00015918 power deal Flipkart motorola 1 power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00055-00015919-00016158 cost in india motorola one power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00056-00016159-00016416 particulars motorola one power specs
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00057-00016417-00016719 motorola one power Flipkart Flipkart
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00058-00016720-00017034 moto 1 power moto and power deal moto
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00059-00017035-00017271 and power cost moto 1 power deal
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00060-00017272-00017586 Flipkart flipkart.com moto and power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00061-00017587-00017886 deal india motorola want power deal
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00062-00017887-00018153 motorola one power is a mid extend cell
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00063-00018154-00018321 phone that is a piece of google's
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00064-00018322-00018693 android one program refresh motorola 1
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00065-00018694-00018924 power will now go on special on October
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00066-00018925-00019149 11th 800 Dada 1 midnight with the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00067-00019150-00019350 organization promising more supply of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00068-00019351-00019596 the telephone motorola claims it sold
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00069-00019597-00019917 100 units for each second however didn't
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00070-00019918-00020097 indicate what number of units of the one
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00071-00020098-00020283 power had been offered on the main deal
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00072-00020284-00020607 which occurred prior today motorola 1
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00073-00020608-00020814 power will be accessible on amid the big
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00074-00020815-00021054 billion day sale on Flipkart the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00075-00021055-00021258 Flipkart big billion days deal begins
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00076-00021259-00021462 October 10th proceeding till October
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00077-00021463-00021819 14th deal offers one corporate 10%
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00078-00021820-00022089 moment rebate for every penny with HDFC
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00079-00022090-00022353 bank charge visas and M&A exchanges and
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00080-00022354-00022622 50 for each penny purchase pact strategy
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00081-00022623-00023022 accessible at ARS 149 Motorola one power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00082-00023023-00023130 flip cart deal
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00083-00023131-00023337 Motorola one power will go on its
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00084-00023338-00023553 presentation deal in India at 12 p.m.
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00085-00023554-00023787 today the cell phone was propelled a
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00086-00023788-00023994 month ago and customers have possessed
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00087-00023995-00024207 the capacity to enlist for the flip car
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00088-00024208-00024449 selective telephone from September 24th
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00089-00024450-00024732 Motorola 1 power is a mid extend cell
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00090-00024733-00024903 phone that is a piece of Google's
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00091-00024904-00025161 Android 1 program the telephone is
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00092-00025162-00025538 valued in India at ARS 15999
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00093-00025539-00025902 highlighting a 6.2 inch full HD plus LCD
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00094-00025902-00026136 max vision show Motorola want power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00095-00026137-00026361 accompanies a screen angle proportion of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00096-00026362-00026757 19 to 9 in light of Android 8.1 Oreo the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00097-00026758-00027036 telephone runs the Snapdragon 636
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00098-00027037-00027213 processor that is sponsored by the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00099-00027214-00027465 Audrina 509 GPU
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00100-00027466-00027685 the telephone accompanies 4 gigabytes
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00101-00027686-00027961 RAM 64 gigabytes in her memory and
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00102-00027962-00028242 expandable stockpiling of up to 256
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00103-00028243-00028636 gigabytes upheld by a microscope one
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00104-00028637-00028885 power ships with a 5000 gamma battery
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00105-00028886-00029133 that backings Turbo Power quick charger
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00106-00029134-00029346 Motorola claims that it's charging
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00107-00029347-00029586 framework can offer six long periods of
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00108-00029587-00029793 battery reinforcements with 15 minutes
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00109-00029794-00030087 of charging Motorola 1 power where is a
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00110-00030088-00030292 double back camera design that is
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00111-00030293-00030477 vertically stacked the blend
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00112-00030478-00030733 incorporates a 16 MP essential shooter
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00113-00030733-00030987 and a 5 MP optional focal point and
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00114-00030988-00031305 backing 4k video recording likewise
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00115-00031306-00031533 clients can locate a 12 MP front camera
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00116-00031534-00031924 of F slash 2.0 opening up held by single
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00117-00031925-00032173 flash other than the back mounted unique
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00118-00032174-00032389 mark scanner Motorola one power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00119-00032389-00032601 additionally accompanies accelerometer
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00120-00032602-00032865 gyro encompassing light and vicinity
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00121-00032866-00033139 sensors at the dispatch occasion the
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00122-00033140-00033321 lenovo possessed organization had
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00123-00033322-00033462 affirmed that the telephone will get
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00124-00033463-00033762 android by soon ongoing reports likewise
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00125-00033763-00033982 proposed that Android 9 is being tried
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00126-00033983-00034219 for Motorola 1 power
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00127-00034220-00034952 [Music]
6tnjU0Q-aS8-00128-00034953-00035382 [Music]
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00000-00000481-00000928 this goes for years 2013 to 2016 on
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00001-00000930-00001289 finish oh yeah so first thing I want to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00002-00001290-00001466 do is get your little are you supposed
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00003-00001467-00001757 to get the idea Jack your two stands to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00004-00001757-00001873 drain the oil you're gonna need a big
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00005-00001875-00002338 canister cuz no little tub oil of course
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00006-00002339-00003158 called work for the first thing is a
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00007-00003159-00004072 little lever that comes got this up on
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00008-00004073-00004288 if you driving the car you gonna want a
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00009-00004289-00004451 little cool down so before you do any of
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00010-00004452-00004742 this pop the hood let this air off like
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00011-00004743-00004808 30 minutes
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00012-00004809-00005060 is everything gonna be hot so next thing
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00013-00005061-00005593 you want to do is gotta just you want to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00014-00005594-00005920 take that off put that off to the side
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00015-00005921-00006374 and now the next step after this is once
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00016-00006375-00006503 this is off you don't want to jack up
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00017-00006504-00006721 the whole car so we can do that right
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00018-00006722-00006758 now
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00019-00006759-00007792 I'm gonna Jack it up Pharaoh clue
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00020-00007793-00008009 we've got the first ha jacked up I'm
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00021-00008009-00008210 gonna come back we're always gonna get
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00022-00008211-00008674 into taking off the engine engine oil
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00023-00008675-00008924 I'm telling you what oil is gonna spill
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00024-00008925-00009085 out from here so you're gonna want to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00025-00009086-00009227 put this right here it's closing time
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00026-00009228-00010694 to catch it also take you 17 this is
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00027-00010695-00012130 what a mercy port car
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00028-00012131-00012581 okay so we're just gonna let that drain
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00029-00012582-00012997 out I'm gonna come back to you when it's
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00030-00012999-00013034 done
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00031-00013035-00013513 all right now this is the engine base is
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00032-00013515-00014759 already done draining and the next thing
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00033-00014760-00016038 is well I suppose that's next
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00034-00016040-00017213 same thing still gonna need this
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00035-00017214-00017533 it's not you're gonna want to move it
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00036-00017534-00017864 how about you cuz the oil filters right
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00037-00017865-00018066 here it's a little black it's a little
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00041-00030191-00030401 show you how to reset the oil life
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00042-00030402-00030479 indicators
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00043-00030480-00030773 you see we started will check engine
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00044-00030774-00030917 light on so I'm gonna show you how to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00045-00030918-00031096 reset this you still see the oil
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00046-00031097-00031483 percentage or your life is 5 some order
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00047-00031485-00031607 to drive you don't want to try to call
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00048-00031608-00031852 you on just put it on to you and this
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00049-00031853-00032075 little so the knob way he just want to
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00050-00032076-00032732 hold it sits all the day and it start
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00051-00032733-00033025 beeping
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00052-00033026-00033638 just are going
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00053-00033639-00034140 and resets alejandra ain't got no gas
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00054-00034141-00034416 but so there go the same choice you
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00055-00034417-00035049 called me we said the oil life that's
6tJiQ4a1Xb4-00056-00035050-00035535 about it no it's just everything yeah
6uxd9WzBtnA-00000-00000419-00001534 these pills are stupid you know what
6uxd9WzBtnA-00001-00001535-00002758 this doing bills is stupid
6uxd9WzBtnA-00002-00002759-00002866 [Applause]
6uxd9WzBtnA-00004-00006287-00008892 [Music]
6uxd9WzBtnA-00005-00008893-00009969 oh man what is for a minute at me all
6uxd9WzBtnA-00006-00009970-00010290 because it seemed necessary doing our
6uxd9WzBtnA-00007-00010291-00010464 bills and getting mad as throw it
6uxd9WzBtnA-00008-00010465-00010704 necessary to throw a pen hey wait make
6uxd9WzBtnA-00009-00010705-00010896 sure they get along her kids don't have
6uxd9WzBtnA-00010-00010897-00011220 to do bills mother wanted to buy the
6uxd9WzBtnA-00011-00011221-00012279 house now did throwing a pen at drew
6uxd9WzBtnA-00012-00012280-00012610 seemed kind of crazy yes
6uxd9WzBtnA-00013-00012611-00013253 did I mean that's happened yes very much
6uxd9WzBtnA-00014-00013254-00013719 um to be honest I really don't like
6uxd9WzBtnA-00015-00013719-00013911 doing pinwheels and I don't think anyone
6uxd9WzBtnA-00016-00013912-00014238 else likes paying bills but I think it's
6uxd9WzBtnA-00017-00014238-00014529 kind of stupid the kids they own their
6uxd9WzBtnA-00018-00014530-00015009 own house up to pay bills if she needs
6uxd9WzBtnA-00019-00015010-00015419 to be a discount it was kind of awkward
6uxd9WzBtnA-00020-00015420-00015684 to see Noah throwing stuff at me no wait
6uxd9WzBtnA-00021-00015685-00016221 that's pretty normal but it doesn't seem
6uxd9WzBtnA-00022-00016222-00016377 right when he's paying the bills to get
6uxd9WzBtnA-00023-00016378-00017625 mad and oh my god wow that's it baseball
6uxd9WzBtnA-00024-00017626-00018053 bat - come on you gotta help me with
6uxd9WzBtnA-00025-00018054-00018830 these bills
6uxd9WzBtnA-00026-00018831-00020988 $100 $200 $200 $500 Oh God the water
6uxd9WzBtnA-00027-00020989-00022026 bill for me taking showers showers in
6uxd9WzBtnA-00028-00022027-00022992 the toilet got that's a BB gun dude I
6uxd9WzBtnA-00029-00022993-00023199 bought you that on your birthday
6uxd9WzBtnA-00030-00023200-00023624 oh all right yeah I know it's a dart gun
6uxd9WzBtnA-00031-00023625-00024231 about it 110 bucks okay so now that
6uxd9WzBtnA-00032-00024232-00025938 we're I'm gonna use my rifle in case
6uxd9WzBtnA-00033-00025939-00026142 someone tries to steal it who's gonna
6uxd9WzBtnA-00034-00026143-00026589 steal all our mailing exactly exactly my
6uxd9WzBtnA-00035-00026589-00029355 point
6uxd9WzBtnA-00036-00029356-00029807 [Music]
6uxd9WzBtnA-00037-00029808-00030362 what is know what done ow ow oh my god
6uxd9WzBtnA-00038-00030363-00030857 the paper cut someone :
6uxd9WzBtnA-00039-00030858-00031124 yeah what were you doing with a rifle
6uxd9WzBtnA-00040-00031125-00031358 that's not a rifle that's what they all
6uxd9WzBtnA-00041-00031359-00032208 say get up you're going away for a long
6uxd9WzBtnA-00042-00032208-00033896 time but my buddy you're gonna win for a
6uxd9WzBtnA-00043-00033897-00034011 long hard buddy
6uxd9WzBtnA-00044-00034012-00034262 just you wait officer my buddy's gonna
6uxd9WzBtnA-00045-00034263-00034808 bail me out I mean I love this song it's
6uxd9WzBtnA-00046-00034809-00035117 the life that we choose and mr. break
6uxd9WzBtnA-00047-00035118-00036530 the roof but it sounded what do you what
6uxd9WzBtnA-00048-00036531-00036936 I feel like I recognize that song it's
6uxd9WzBtnA-00049-00036937-00037199 from this weird show called loony and
6uxd9WzBtnA-00050-00037200-00037836 whatever okay alright I'm changing my
6uxd9WzBtnA-00051-00037837-00038169 song
6uxd9WzBtnA-00052-00038170-00039594 should I stay or should I go oh my god
6uxd9WzBtnA-00053-00039595-00039844 what do you want
6uxd9WzBtnA-00054-00039845-00040423 what no no that wasn't me where did this
6uxd9WzBtnA-00055-00040424-00041581 come from outside you're handcuffed get
6uxd9WzBtnA-00056-00041582-00042207 the headphones we're about to pull in
6uxd9WzBtnA-00057-00042208-00042403 you're not gonna tell the judge about
6uxd9WzBtnA-00058-00042404-00042555 this
6uxd9WzBtnA-00059-00042556-00043660 all right we're pulling in Thule now all
6uxd9WzBtnA-00060-00043661-00043702 right
6uxd9WzBtnA-00061-00043703-00044284 get out of the car all right getting
6uxd9WzBtnA-00062-00044285-00046735 yourself yeah until your trial nice try
6uxd9WzBtnA-00063-00046736-00046981 now I'm going to son get some I'm gonna
6uxd9WzBtnA-00064-00046982-00047161 go get some spirity tacos from tacos
6uxd9WzBtnA-00065-00047162-00047962 block oh ho let's go man
6uxd9WzBtnA-00066-00047963-00048304 I'm sure he's gonna bail me out that
6uxd9WzBtnA-00067-00048305-00049349 taco see one hour later wait any second
6uxd9WzBtnA-00068-00049350-00049709 any second
6uxd9WzBtnA-00069-00049710-00050739 buddy work man
6uxd9WzBtnA-00070-00050740-00051129 I finally finished Mario World now I
6uxd9WzBtnA-00071-00051130-00053646 love this song I gotta get a tree
6uxd9WzBtnA-00072-00053647-00053983 man I'm really worried about this paper
6uxd9WzBtnA-00073-00053984-00055800 cut it's just a paper cut calm down Kyle
6uxd9WzBtnA-00074-00055801-00056020 clearly not that lemon juice out of my
6uxd9WzBtnA-00075-00056021-00056194 neighbor cut I didn't want to do
6uxd9WzBtnA-00076-00056195-00056473 something like finger puppets let me get
6uxd9WzBtnA-00077-00056474-00057315 some tape off where's a marker ah
6uxd9WzBtnA-00078-00057316-00058249 there's one let's make a face perfect
6uxd9WzBtnA-00079-00058250-00059560 face my teacher told me how guys my name
6uxd9WzBtnA-00080-00059561-00059841 is Noah and I'm socially awkward in
6uxd9WzBtnA-00081-00059842-00060330 [__] I like right Bush II man that
6uxd9WzBtnA-00082-00060332-00060432 was fun
6uxd9WzBtnA-00083-00060433-00062529 [Music]
6uxd9WzBtnA-00084-00062529-00063042 life I love Super Mario Sunshine this is
6uxd9WzBtnA-00085-00063044-00063169 like the greatest minor game ever
6uxd9WzBtnA-00086-00063170-00063465 created
6uxd9WzBtnA-00087-00063466-00063888 Wow what is that feeling on my finger oh
6uxd9WzBtnA-00088-00063889-00064957 right the paper cut ha life you know
6uxd9WzBtnA-00089-00064958-00065163 there's a blood all over my controller
6uxd9WzBtnA-00090-00065164-00065416 now I gotta go get the disinfectant
6uxd9WzBtnA-00091-00065416-00066685 wipes lesson learnt kids remember use a
6uxd9WzBtnA-00092-00066686-00067012 different disinfectant like on a paper
6uxd9WzBtnA-00093-00067013-00067093 cuts
6uxd9WzBtnA-00095-00070360-00070959 and I get mo I'm changing channel
6uxd9WzBtnA-00096-00070960-00071203 doesn't why can't it let me change the
6uxd9WzBtnA-00097-00071204-00073368 channel why can't I hear anything done
6uxd9WzBtnA-00098-00073369-00073591 I'm so sorry dude I'm sorry I got your
6uxd9WzBtnA-00099-00073592-00074055 li what's wrong is it almost at the end
6uxd9WzBtnA-00100-00074056-00074368 what why I need to know the case why did
6uxd9WzBtnA-00101-00074369-00075093 you get here I was using a fake right
6uxd9WzBtnA-00102-00075094-00075331 but what if it was fake why didn't you
6uxd9WzBtnA-00103-00075332-00075592 show them the gun because they put me
6uxd9WzBtnA-00104-00075593-00076138 down to some class you know would say
6uxd9WzBtnA-00105-00076139-00076291 they would see what the judge has to say
6uxd9WzBtnA-00106-00076292-00076471 I'll be right back I gotta go pick up my
6uxd9WzBtnA-00107-00076472-00078282 tacos tacos why have you been convicted
6uxd9WzBtnA-00108-00078283-00078709 you have any proof yes the gun you can
6uxd9WzBtnA-00109-00078710-00079239 even look at its food where is the gun
6uxd9WzBtnA-00110-00079240-00079528 they didn't take it I don't know why
6uxd9WzBtnA-00111-00079529-00079852 they should have took it well the fact
6uxd9WzBtnA-00112-00079853-00080047 that you have little evidence and your
6uxd9WzBtnA-00113-00080048-00080341 lawyer went to Taco squawk oh the only
6uxd9WzBtnA-00114-00080342-00080781 thing I can do is give you two years
6uxd9WzBtnA-00115-00080782-00081271 [Music]
6uxd9WzBtnA-00116-00081272-00081674 you guys what the ambulance right no oh
6uxd9WzBtnA-00117-00081675-00082288 my god dude oh hey no dude I got this
6uxd9WzBtnA-00118-00082289-00082487 paper good and really funny ambulance so
6uxd9WzBtnA-00119-00082488-00082745 I'll see you later
6wulnm5xAtk-00000-00000096-00000399 ernst pasqual jordan german j da n the
6wulnm5xAtk-00001-00000400-00000751 18th of october 1902 to the 31st of july
6wulnm5xAtk-00002-00000752-00000991 1980 was a german theoretical and
6wulnm5xAtk-00003-00000992-00001166 mathematical physicist who made
6wulnm5xAtk-00004-00001167-00001350 significant contributions to quantum
6wulnm5xAtk-00005-00001351-00001614 mechanics and quantum field theory he
6wulnm5xAtk-00006-00001616-00001814 contributed much to the mathematical
6wulnm5xAtk-00007-00001816-00002030 form of matrix mechanics and developed
6wulnm5xAtk-00008-00002032-00002263 canonical anti-commutation relations for
6wulnm5xAtk-00009-00002264-00002399 fermions
6wulnm5xAtk-00010-00002400-00002615 while the jordan algebra is employed for
6wulnm5xAtk-00011-00002616-00002767 and is still used in studying the
6wulnm5xAtk-00012-00002768-00002999 mathematical and conceptual foundations
6wulnm5xAtk-00013-00003000-00003191 of quantum theory it has found other
6wulnm5xAtk-00014-00003192-00003895 mathematical applications
6wulnm5xAtk-00015-00003896-00004438 topic family history
6wulnm5xAtk-00016-00004439-00004663 an ancestor of pasqual jordan named
6wulnm5xAtk-00017-00004664-00004902 pasqual jorda was a spanish nobleman and
6wulnm5xAtk-00018-00004903-00005079 cavalry officer who served with the
6wulnm5xAtk-00019-00005080-00005286 british during and after the napoleonic
6wulnm5xAtk-00020-00005287-00005399 wars
6wulnm5xAtk-00021-00005400-00005615 jorda eventually settled in hanover
6wulnm5xAtk-00022-00005616-00005791 which in those days was a possession of
6wulnm5xAtk-00023-00005792-00005991 the british royal family
6wulnm5xAtk-00024-00005992-00006191 the family name was eventually changed
6wulnm5xAtk-00025-00006192-00006359 to jordan pronounced in the german
6wulnm5xAtk-00026-00006360-00006655 manner jadah n or j dawen
6wulnm5xAtk-00027-00006656-00006823 a family tradition held that the
6wulnm5xAtk-00028-00006823-00007031 firstborn son in each generation be
6wulnm5xAtk-00029-00007031-00007327 named pasquale jordan was raised with a
6wulnm5xAtk-00030-00007328-00007574 traditional religious upbringing at age
6wulnm5xAtk-00031-00007575-00007798 12 he attempted to reconcile a literal
6wulnm5xAtk-00032-00007800-00007959 interpretation of the bible with
6wulnm5xAtk-00033-00007959-00008159 darwinian evolution his teacher of
6wulnm5xAtk-00034-00008159-00008327 religion convinced him there was no
6wulnm5xAtk-00035-00008328-00008503 contradiction between science and
6wulnm5xAtk-00036-00008504-00008687 religion jordan would write numerous
6wulnm5xAtk-00037-00008688-00008878 articles on the relationship between the
6wulnm5xAtk-00038-00008879-00009087 two throughout his life jordan enrolled
6wulnm5xAtk-00039-00009088-00009291 in the hanover technical university in
6wulnm5xAtk-00040-00009292-00009542 1921 where he studied zoology
6wulnm5xAtk-00041-00009543-00009759 mathematics and physics
6wulnm5xAtk-00042-00009760-00009991 as was typical for a german university
6wulnm5xAtk-00043-00009992-00010159 student of the time he shifted his
6wulnm5xAtk-00044-00010160-00010351 studies to another university before
6wulnm5xAtk-00045-00010352-00010510 obtaining a degree
6wulnm5xAtk-00046-00010511-00010687 the university of gottingen his
6wulnm5xAtk-00047-00010688-00010991 destination in 1923 was then at the very
6wulnm5xAtk-00048-00010992-00011199 zenith of its powers in mathematics and
6wulnm5xAtk-00049-00011200-00011406 the physical sciences such as under the
6wulnm5xAtk-00050-00011407-00011614 guidance of mathematician david hilbert
6wulnm5xAtk-00051-00011615-00011870 and the physicist arnold sommerfeld
6wulnm5xAtk-00052-00011871-00012031 at gooding and jordan became an
6wulnm5xAtk-00053-00012032-00012223 assistant to the mathematician richard
6wulnm5xAtk-00054-00012224-00012406 currant for a time and then he studied
6wulnm5xAtk-00055-00012407-00012591 under the physicist max born for his
6wulnm5xAtk-00056-00012592-00013191 doctorate
6wulnm5xAtk-00057-00013191-00013758 topic scientific work
6wulnm5xAtk-00058-00013759-00013943 together with max born and werner
6wulnm5xAtk-00059-00013944-00014158 heisenberg jordan was a co-author of an
6wulnm5xAtk-00060-00014159-00014358 important series of papers on quantum
6wulnm5xAtk-00061-00014359-00014479 mechanics
6wulnm5xAtk-00062-00014480-00014671 he went on to pioneer early quantum
6wulnm5xAtk-00063-00014672-00014855 field theory before largely switching
6wulnm5xAtk-00064-00014856-00015103 his focus to cosmology before world war
6wulnm5xAtk-00065-00015104-00015230 ii
6wulnm5xAtk-00066-00015231-00015463 jordan devised a type of non-associative
6wulnm5xAtk-00067-00015463-00015686 algebras now named jordan algebras in
6wulnm5xAtk-00068-00015687-00015871 his honor in an attempt to create an
6wulnm5xAtk-00069-00015872-00016047 algebra of observables for quantum
6wulnm5xAtk-00070-00016047-00016303 mechanics and quantum field theory
6wulnm5xAtk-00071-00016304-00016535 today von neumann algebras are also
6wulnm5xAtk-00072-00016536-00016743 employed for this purpose jordan
6wulnm5xAtk-00073-00016744-00016919 algebras have since been applied in
6wulnm5xAtk-00074-00016920-00017143 projective geometry number theory
6wulnm5xAtk-00075-00017144-00017407 complex analysis optimization and many
6wulnm5xAtk-00076-00017408-00017567 other fields of pure and applied
6wulnm5xAtk-00077-00017568-00017775 mathematics and continue to be used in
6wulnm5xAtk-00078-00017776-00017983 studying the mathematical and conceptual
6wulnm5xAtk-00079-00017984-00018247 underpinnings of quantum theory
6wulnm5xAtk-00080-00018248-00018647 in 1966 jordan published his 182-page
6wulnm5xAtk-00081-00018648-00018894 work die expansion der airday
6wulnm5xAtk-00082-00018895-00019086 folgerangenous der dirakkushan
6wulnm5xAtk-00083-00019087-00019311 gravitations hypothese the expansion of
6wulnm5xAtk-00084-00019312-00019543 the earth conclusions from the dirac
6wulnm5xAtk-00085-00019544-00019750 gravitation hypothesis in which he
6wulnm5xAtk-00086-00019751-00019935 developed his theory that according to
6wulnm5xAtk-00087-00019936-00020150 paul dirac's hypothesis of a steady
6wulnm5xAtk-00088-00020151-00020327 weakening of gravitation throughout the
6wulnm5xAtk-00089-00020328-00020511 history of the universe the earth may
6wulnm5xAtk-00090-00020512-00020711 have swollen to its current size from an
6wulnm5xAtk-00091-00020712-00020935 initial ball of a diameter of only about
6wulnm5xAtk-00092-00020936-00021150 7000 kilometres
6wulnm5xAtk-00093-00021151-00021327 300 miles
6wulnm5xAtk-00094-00021328-00021486 this theory could explain why the
6wulnm5xAtk-00095-00021487-00021694 ductile lower sema layer of the earth's
6wulnm5xAtk-00096-00021695-00021903 crust is of a comparatively uniform
6wulnm5xAtk-00097-00021904-00022086 thickness while the brittle upper seal
6wulnm5xAtk-00098-00022087-00022263 layer of the earth's crust had broken
6wulnm5xAtk-00099-00022264-00022527 apart into the main continental plates
6wulnm5xAtk-00100-00022528-00022703 the continents having to adapt to the
6wulnm5xAtk-00101-00022704-00022903 ever-flatter surface of the growing ball
6wulnm5xAtk-00102-00022904-00023055 the mountain ranges on the earth's
6wulnm5xAtk-00103-00023056-00023230 surface would in the course of that have
6wulnm5xAtk-00104-00023231-00023503 come into being as constricted folds
6wulnm5xAtk-00105-00023504-00023711 despite the energy jordan invested in
6wulnm5xAtk-00106-00023712-00023878 the expanding earth theory his
6wulnm5xAtk-00107-00023879-00024071 geological work was never taken
6wulnm5xAtk-00108-00024072-00024255 seriously by either physicists or
6wulnm5xAtk-00109-00024256-00024958 geologists
6wulnm5xAtk-00110-00024959-00025478 political activities
6wulnm5xAtk-00111-00025479-00025694 germany's defeat in the first world war
6wulnm5xAtk-00112-00025695-00025846 and the treaty of versailles had a
6wulnm5xAtk-00113-00025847-00026039 profound effect on jordan's political
6wulnm5xAtk-00114-00026039-00026158 beliefs
6wulnm5xAtk-00115-00026160-00026327 while many of his colleagues believed
6wulnm5xAtk-00116-00026327-00026567 the treaty to be unjust jordan went much
6wulnm5xAtk-00117-00026568-00026718 further and became increasingly
6wulnm5xAtk-00118-00026719-00026935 nationalistic and right-wing
6wulnm5xAtk-00119-00026936-00027135 he wrote numerous articles in the late
6wulnm5xAtk-00120-00027136-00027383 1920s that propounded an aggressive and
6wulnm5xAtk-00121-00027383-00027551 bellicose stance
6wulnm5xAtk-00122-00027552-00027727 he was an anti-communist and was
6wulnm5xAtk-00123-00027727-00027927 particularly concerned about the russian
6wulnm5xAtk-00124-00027927-00028062 revolution and the rise of the
6wulnm5xAtk-00125-00028063-00028358 bolsheviks in 1933 jordan joined the
6wulnm5xAtk-00126-00028360-00028543 nazi party like philip leonard and
6wulnm5xAtk-00127-00028544-00028767 johannes stark and moreover joined and
6wulnm5xAtk-00128-00028768-00028895 saw unit
6wulnm5xAtk-00129-00028895-00029118 he supported the nazis nationalism and
6wulnm5xAtk-00130-00029119-00029343 anti-communism but at the same time he
6wulnm5xAtk-00131-00029344-00029639 remained a defender of einstein and
6wulnm5xAtk-00132-00029639-00029879 other jewish scientists jordan seemed to
6wulnm5xAtk-00133-00029880-00030031 hope that he could influence the new
6wulnm5xAtk-00134-00030032-00030199 regime one of his projects was
6wulnm5xAtk-00135-00030200-00030374 attempting to convince the nazis that
6wulnm5xAtk-00136-00030375-00030583 modern physics developed as represented
6wulnm5xAtk-00137-00030583-00030774 by einstein and especially the new
6wulnm5xAtk-00138-00030775-00030990 copenhagen brand of quantum theory could
6wulnm5xAtk-00139-00030991-00031231 be the antidote to the materialism of
6wulnm5xAtk-00140-00031232-00031399 the bolsheviks
6wulnm5xAtk-00141-00031400-00031623 however while the nazis appreciated his
6wulnm5xAtk-00142-00031624-00031823 support for them his continued support
6wulnm5xAtk-00143-00031824-00032007 for jewish scientists and their theories
6wulnm5xAtk-00144-00032008-00032199 led him to be regarded as politically
6wulnm5xAtk-00145-00032200-00032390 unreliable jordan enlisted in the
6wulnm5xAtk-00146-00032391-00032639 luftwaffe in 1939 and worked as a
6wulnm5xAtk-00147-00032639-00032839 weather analyst at the pimendae rocket
6wulnm5xAtk-00148-00032840-00033015 center for a while
6wulnm5xAtk-00149-00033016-00033207 during the war he attempted to interest
6wulnm5xAtk-00150-00033208-00033415 the nazi party in various schemes for
6wulnm5xAtk-00151-00033416-00033574 advanced weapons
6wulnm5xAtk-00152-00033575-00033759 his suggestions were ignored because he
6wulnm5xAtk-00153-00033760-00034079 was considered politically unreliable
6wulnm5xAtk-00154-00034080-00034231 probably because of his past
6wulnm5xAtk-00155-00034232-00034471 associations with jews in particular
6wulnm5xAtk-00156-00034472-00034711 current born and wolfgang pauli and the
6wulnm5xAtk-00157-00034712-00035046 so-called jewish physics
6wulnm5xAtk-00158-00035047-00035271 had jordan not joined the nazi party it
6wulnm5xAtk-00159-00035272-00035431 is conceivable that he could have won a
6wulnm5xAtk-00160-00035432-00035646 nobel prize in physics for his work with
6wulnm5xAtk-00161-00035647-00035774 max born
6wulnm5xAtk-00162-00035775-00036015 bourne would go on to win the 1954
6wulnm5xAtk-00163-00036016-00036246 physics prize with walter both wolfgang
6wulnm5xAtk-00164-00036247-00036421 paulie declared jordan to be
6wulnm5xAtk-00165-00036422-00036583 [Music]
6wulnm5xAtk-00166-00036584-00036790 to the west german authorities some time
6wulnm5xAtk-00167-00036791-00036983 after the war allowing him to regain
6wulnm5xAtk-00168-00036984-00037174 academic employment after a two-year
6wulnm5xAtk-00169-00037175-00037287 period
6wulnm5xAtk-00170-00037288-00037479 he then recovered his full status as a
6wulnm5xAtk-00171-00037480-00037783 tenured professor in 1953.
6wulnm5xAtk-00172-00037784-00037990 jordan went against pauli's advice and
6wulnm5xAtk-00173-00037991-00038195 re-entered politics after the period of
6wulnm5xAtk-00174-00038196-00038415 denotification came to an end under the
6wulnm5xAtk-00175-00038416-00038607 pressures of the cold war
6wulnm5xAtk-00176-00038608-00038815 he secured election to the bundestag
6wulnm5xAtk-00177-00038816-00038983 standing with the conservative christian
6wulnm5xAtk-00178-00038984-00039159 democratic union
6wulnm5xAtk-00179-00039160-00039446 in 1957 jordan supported the arming of
6wulnm5xAtk-00180-00039447-00039655 the bundeswehr with tactical nuclear
6wulnm5xAtk-00181-00039656-00039823 weapons by the ottonauer government
6wulnm5xAtk-00182-00039824-00040023 while the gooding in 18 which included
6wulnm5xAtk-00183-00040024-00040183 bourne and heisenberg issued the
6wulnm5xAtk-00184-00040184-00040430 gottinger manifest in protest
6wulnm5xAtk-00185-00040431-00040607 this and other issues were to further
6wulnm5xAtk-00186-00040608-00040799 strain his relationships with his former
6wulnm5xAtk-00187-00040800-00041455 friends and colleagues
6wulnm5xAtk-00188-00041456-00042023 topic selected works
6wulnm5xAtk-00189-00042024-00042358 born m jordan p 1925
6wulnm5xAtk-00190-00042359-00042558 zur quantum mechanic
6wulnm5xAtk-00191-00042559-00043058 zeitschrift fur physic 34 1 858 bibcode
6wulnm5xAtk-00192-00043059-00043439 1925 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00193-00043440-00043751 .34 858 b
6wulnm5xAtk-00194-00043752-00043883 doi
6wulnm5xAtk-00195-00043884-00044407 10.1007 bf01328531
6wulnm5xAtk-00196-00044408-00044739 borne m heisenberg w jordan p
6wulnm5xAtk-00197-00044740-00045151 1926 zur quantum mechanic ii
6wulnm5xAtk-00198-00045152-00045499 zeitschrift fur physic 35 8-9
6wulnm5xAtk-00199-00045500-00046095 557 bibcode 1926 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00200-00046096-00046671 .35 557 b doi 10.1007
6wulnm5xAtk-00201-00046672-00047071 bf01379806
6wulnm5xAtk-00202-00047072-00047186 jordan p
6wulnm5xAtk-00203-00047187-00047535 1927 uber quantum mechanics darshtelang
6wulnm5xAtk-00204-00047536-00047758 von kwantensprungen
6wulnm5xAtk-00205-00047759-00048383 zeitschrift fur physic 49 661-666
6wulnm5xAtk-00206-00048384-00048846 bibcode 1927 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00207-00048847-00049446 .40 661 j doi 10.1007
6wulnm5xAtk-00208-00049447-00049871 bf01451860
6wulnm5xAtk-00209-00049872-00050295 jordan p 1927 uber aina nui begrundung
6wulnm5xAtk-00210-00050296-00050502 der quantan mechanic
6wulnm5xAtk-00211-00050503-00051095 zeitschrift fur physic 40 11-12 809-838
6wulnm5xAtk-00212-00051096-00051558 bibcode 1927 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00213-00051559-00051863 .40 809 j
6wulnm5xAtk-00214-00051864-00051994 doi
6wulnm5xAtk-00215-00051995-00052511 10.1007 bf01390903
6wulnm5xAtk-00216-00052512-00052626 jordan p
6wulnm5xAtk-00217-00052627-00052982 1927 consolidate und statistic indir
6wulnm5xAtk-00218-00052983-00053166 modern in physic
6wulnm5xAtk-00219-00053167-00053687 di naturawa senchaften 15 5 105 2 110
6wulnm5xAtk-00220-00053688-00054103 bibcode 1927 nw
6wulnm5xAtk-00221-00054104-00054391 0.15 105 j
6wulnm5xAtk-00222-00054391-00054647 doi 10.1007
6wulnm5xAtk-00223-00054648-00055030 bf015
6wulnm5xAtk-00224-00055032-00055147 jordan p
6wulnm5xAtk-00225-00055148-00055494 1927 anmerking zur statistician dutting
6wulnm5xAtk-00226-00055495-00055703 dur quantum mechanic
6wulnm5xAtk-00227-00055704-00056287 zeitschrift fur physic 41 4-5 797-8
6wulnm5xAtk-00228-00056288-00056750 bibcode 1927 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00229-00056751-00057087 .41 797 j
6wulnm5xAtk-00230-00057088-00057219 doi
6wulnm5xAtk-00231-00057220-00057775 10.1007 bf013954
6wulnm5xAtk-00232-00057776-00058199 jordan p 1927 uber aina nui begrundung
6wulnm5xAtk-00233-00058200-00058438 der quantum mechanic 2
6wulnm5xAtk-00234-00058439-00058838 zeitschrift fur physic 44-1-25
6wulnm5xAtk-00235-00058839-00059303 bibcode 1927 zphy
6wulnm5xAtk-00236-00059304-00059542 .44
6wulnm5xAtk-00237-00059544-00059679 1j
6wulnm5xAtk-00238-00059679-00059811 doi
6wulnm5xAtk-00239-00059812-00060359 10.1007 bf01391714
6wulnm5xAtk-00240-00060360-00060863 jordan p von neumann j wigner e 1934 on
6wulnm5xAtk-00241-00060864-00061087 an algebraic generalization of the
6wulnm5xAtk-00242-00061088-00061350 quantum mechanical formalism
6wulnm5xAtk-00243-00061351-00061799 annals of mathematics 35 1 29-64
6wulnm5xAtk-00244-00061800-00061906 doi
6wulnm5xAtk-00245-00061907-00062466 10.2307 1968117
6wulnm5xAtk-00246-00062467-00063566 jstor 1968117
6wulnm5xAtk-00247-00063567-00064023 see also
6wulnm5xAtk-00248-00064024-00064436 jordan and einstein frames
6xivetv77JQ-00000-00000256-00000495 oh there he is it only took three years
6xivetv77JQ-00001-00000496-00000854 hi gamers
6xivetv77JQ-00002-00000855-00001231 hey sisters hey
6xivetv77JQ-00003-00001232-00001607 all right yeah yeah
6xivetv77JQ-00004-00001607-00002718 i will i will
6xivetv77JQ-00005-00002719-00003743 thank you thank you
6xivetv77JQ-00006-00003744-00004478 music off right
6xivetv77JQ-00007-00004479-00004886 [Music]
6xivetv77JQ-00008-00004887-00005095 give me a sign i can't join you i've got
6xivetv77JQ-00009-00005096-00005654 to be quiet
6xivetv77JQ-00010-00005655-00007039 i found
6xivetv77JQ-00011-00007040-00007278 we looked everywhere already probably
6xivetv77JQ-00012-00007279-00007903 not
6xivetv77JQ-00013-00007904-00008367 14 13.
6xivetv77JQ-00014-00008368-00008855 harry potter
6xivetv77JQ-00015-00008856-00009406 hello
6xivetv77JQ-00016-00009407-00009678 i think it's it's somewhere around here
6xivetv77JQ-00017-00009679-00009759 i've gotten heat
6xivetv77JQ-00018-00009760-00010110 oh it's isn't it oh it wasn't an 8 when
6xivetv77JQ-00019-00010111-00010183 i came in here
6xivetv77JQ-00020-00010184-00010478 it touched something check i don't have
6xivetv77JQ-00021-00010479-00010759 uv
6xivetv77JQ-00022-00010760-00011095 nothing for me
6xivetv77JQ-00023-00011096-00011263 i'm going to go look for a ghost orbs
6xivetv77JQ-00024-00011264-00011927 assuming they've brought in a camera
6xivetv77JQ-00025-00011928-00012046 you beat me in the leaderboards on
6xivetv77JQ-00026-00012047-00014438 discord though that's impressive
6xivetv77JQ-00027-00014440-00015483 all right want to go back in
6xivetv77JQ-00028-00015484-00016175 hey
6xivetv77JQ-00029-00016176-00016694 freezing freezing is it freezing
6xivetv77JQ-00030-00016695-00017735 it's definitely freezing
6xivetv77JQ-00031-00017736-00018055 why are you can you
6xivetv77JQ-00032-00018056-00018358 can you hear me
6xivetv77JQ-00033-00018359-00018822 where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00034-00018823-00019663 how old are you
6xivetv77JQ-00035-00019664-00020063 open the door again check fingerprints
6xivetv77JQ-00036-00020064-00020719 you're funny
6xivetv77JQ-00037-00020720-00020894 i think that's an orb but you need to
6xivetv77JQ-00038-00020895-00021486 confirm it andy
6xivetv77JQ-00039-00021487-00021822 i also saw orbs i saw orbs
6xivetv77JQ-00040-00021823-00022007 i don't know and i think i might have
6xivetv77JQ-00041-00022008-00022135 bad eyes we just need to confirm with
6xivetv77JQ-00042-00022136-00022350 the specialists
6xivetv77JQ-00043-00022351-00023830 hello
6xivetv77JQ-00044-00023831-00024263 spirit box
6xivetv77JQ-00045-00024264-00025283 or ghost ring
6xivetv77JQ-00046-00025284-00027151 okay
6xivetv77JQ-00047-00027152-00027502 where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00048-00027504-00028039 give me a sign
6xivetv77JQ-00049-00028039-00028199 you're too high pitch of a voice to be
6xivetv77JQ-00050-00028200-00028431 able to do that but
6xivetv77JQ-00051-00028432-00029111 i'm sorry
6xivetv77JQ-00052-00029112-00029727 oh aren't you funny very funny
6xivetv77JQ-00053-00029727-00029951 uh i reckon i'm gonna move that because
6xivetv77JQ-00054-00029952-00032283 i was in a bad spot
6xivetv77JQ-00055-00032283-00032662 mf5
6xivetv77JQ-00056-00032663-00032831 you can get a photo of it i don't have a
6xivetv77JQ-00057-00032832-00033102 camera well you'll be safe
6xivetv77JQ-00058-00033103-00033374 darling why i don't have a camera i
6xivetv77JQ-00059-00033375-00033511 would have had to come back anyway oh i
6xivetv77JQ-00060-00033512-00033927 mean i'm going i'll go on
6xivetv77JQ-00061-00033928-00034943 i'll do it that's fine don't mind me
6xivetv77JQ-00062-00034944-00035318 too late
6xivetv77JQ-00063-00035319-00035679 oh you made a clip as well
6xivetv77JQ-00064-00035680-00037687 did you say smell i said you smell
6xivetv77JQ-00065-00037688-00038807 christopher moore give us a sign
6xivetv77JQ-00066-00038808-00040574 give us a sign
6xivetv77JQ-00067-00040575-00041311 only a four i'll take photo anyway
6xivetv77JQ-00068-00041312-00041711 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00069-00041712-00042446 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00070-00042447-00042871 christopher moore give us a sign
6xivetv77JQ-00071-00042872-00043399 where are you how old are you
6xivetv77JQ-00072-00043400-00044943 can you mf5 please
6xivetv77JQ-00073-00044944-00045671 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00074-00045672-00047871 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00075-00047872-00048655 christopher moore where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00076-00048656-00048958 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00077-00048959-00049271 can you emf 5 for me again
6xivetv77JQ-00078-00049272-00049630 thank you
6xivetv77JQ-00079-00049631-00050151 hallway you got one of the hawaii
6xivetv77JQ-00080-00050152-00051782 you've got some paintings and stuff oh
6xivetv77JQ-00081-00051783-00052382 christopher moore where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00082-00052383-00052782 where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00083-00052783-00054023 maybe out here as well
6xivetv77JQ-00084-00054024-00054711 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00085-00054712-00055350 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00086-00055351-00056082 christopher we need a photo
6xivetv77JQ-00087-00056083-00056935 christopher
6xivetv77JQ-00088-00056936-00057279 give me a sign or is not enough of a
6xivetv77JQ-00089-00057279-00057494 sign my friend i need you to show me
6xivetv77JQ-00090-00057495-00057950 emf5 i need that little red dot
6xivetv77JQ-00091-00057951-00059942 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00092-00059944-00060487 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00093-00060488-00060926 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00094-00060927-00061279 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00095-00061279-00061703 christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00096-00061704-00061975 christopher moore christopher moore give
6xivetv77JQ-00097-00061976-00062191 me a sign
6xivetv77JQ-00098-00062191-00062766 where are you how old are you
6xivetv77JQ-00099-00062767-00063079 it's not working i'm not having much
6xivetv77JQ-00100-00063079-00063126 luck
6xivetv77JQ-00101-00063127-00063471 it just goes up to four and that's it
6xivetv77JQ-00102-00063472-00063871 i think it keeps falling on the bed yeah
6xivetv77JQ-00103-00063872-00064542 i'll leave that to you today
6xivetv77JQ-00104-00064544-00064694 sure the only reason why i've got low
6xivetv77JQ-00105-00064695-00065142 sanity is because of you
6xivetv77JQ-00106-00065144-00065511 no okay i'm okay christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00107-00065512-00066350 christopher moore christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00108-00066351-00066535 langelow thanks for the follow
6xivetv77JQ-00109-00066536-00066679 christopher moore where
6xivetv77JQ-00110-00066680-00066991 are you hello
6xivetv77JQ-00111-00066992-00067567 where are you can you hear me
6xivetv77JQ-00112-00067568-00067911 where are you can you
6xivetv77JQ-00113-00067912-00068238 show me where you live where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00114-00068239-00068453 hiding
6xivetv77JQ-00115-00068454-00068775 [Music]
6xivetv77JQ-00116-00068776-00069311 okay i think i took a picture of it
6xivetv77JQ-00117-00069312-00069726 what do you mean no
6xivetv77JQ-00118-00069727-00070082 what do you want me to take a [__]
6xivetv77JQ-00119-00070083-00070263 photo
6xivetv77JQ-00120-00070264-00070519 how am i supposed to take a photo of the
6xivetv77JQ-00121-00070520-00071482 ghost when there's a cruise fix in the
6xivetv77JQ-00122-00071483-00072471 room
6xivetv77JQ-00123-00072472-00072823 i'm gonna need a new camera oh
6xivetv77JQ-00124-00072824-00073462 i just i just left the room
6xivetv77JQ-00125-00073463-00074415 probably did
6xivetv77JQ-00126-00074416-00075967 i did a good job
6xivetv77JQ-00127-00075968-00076294 where is it we actually dodged it it was
6xivetv77JQ-00128-00076295-00076919 pog
6xivetv77JQ-00129-00076920-00077199 you got a picture it was it was by the
6xivetv77JQ-00130-00077200-00077431 window but it didn't count
6xivetv77JQ-00131-00077432-00078471 i haven't seen it
6xivetv77JQ-00132-00078472-00078606 cannot believe you're letting your
6xivetv77JQ-00133-00078607-00078831 camera get wet
6xivetv77JQ-00134-00078832-00079882 well i believe in you let's go
6xivetv77JQ-00135-00079883-00080215 connor
6xivetv77JQ-00136-00080216-00080638 mystery man reveal yourself
6xivetv77JQ-00137-00080639-00080871 come on let me just take a photo of your
6xivetv77JQ-00138-00080872-00081015 pretty face
6xivetv77JQ-00139-00081016-00081282 let me take a photo of your pretty ass
6xivetv77JQ-00140-00081283-00081535 face
6xivetv77JQ-00141-00081536-00082094 did that just move i don't know
6xivetv77JQ-00142-00082095-00082438 where you at home dog
6xivetv77JQ-00143-00082439-00082838 where you at i'd love to know where you
6xivetv77JQ-00144-00082839-00082935 are
6xivetv77JQ-00145-00082936-00083150 i need to give you a smooch the lamp was
6xivetv77JQ-00146-00083151-00083343 spinning it was it was right i'm not
6xivetv77JQ-00147-00083344-00083494 tripping
6xivetv77JQ-00148-00083495-00083655 i didn't say ricky as well good to see
6xivetv77JQ-00149-00083656-00083950 you
6xivetv77JQ-00150-00083951-00084303 uh what was his name again
6xivetv77JQ-00151-00084304-00084638 uh christopher christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00152-00084639-00085143 christopher moore christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00153-00085144-00085555 chrissy
6xivetv77JQ-00154-00085556-00086287 christopher christopher moore
6xivetv77JQ-00155-00086288-00086882 christopher
6xivetv77JQ-00156-00086883-00087479 christopher
6xivetv77JQ-00157-00087480-00088150 thanks for the follow appreciate it
6xivetv77JQ-00158-00088151-00088638 show yourself to me
6xivetv77JQ-00159-00088639-00088943 where are you
6xivetv77JQ-00160-00088944-00089682 you sound french christopher
6xivetv77JQ-00161-00089683-00092482 christopher
6xivetv77JQ-00162-00092483-00093215 oh
6xivetv77JQ-00163-00093216-00094382 still by the bed
6xivetv77JQ-00165-00098007-00098318 i actually escaped it what the [__]
6xivetv77JQ-00166-00098319-00098623 oh my god i ca
6xivetv77JQ-00167-00098624-00099206 i juked that [__] oh my god
6xivetv77JQ-00168-00099207-00099679 did i get a photo i took a photo of it
6xivetv77JQ-00169-00099680-00099879 i took a photo and it didn't work well i
6xivetv77JQ-00170-00099880-00100038 don't care i'm not doing any more of
6xivetv77JQ-00171-00100039-00100150 that i'm not
6xivetv77JQ-00172-00100151-00100679 well in the closet
6xivetv77JQ-00173-00100680-00101031 connor wasn't the girl oh
6xivetv77JQ-00174-00101032-00101159 all the way around back into the
6xivetv77JQ-00175-00101160-00101391 bathroom in the same area from where the
6xivetv77JQ-00176-00101392-00101638 ghost was
6xivetv77JQ-00177-00101639-00101991 i can't believe i jiggled it
6xivetv77JQ-00178-00101992-00102439 crazy bro what just happened back
6xivetv77JQ-00179-00102440-00102590 there's some jobs ready for you we got
6xivetv77JQ-00180-00102591-00102751 ten dollars for photos
6xivetv77JQ-00181-00102752-00103047 a lot but i stayed alive i'm proud of
6xivetv77JQ-00182-00103048-00103254 myself i'm proud
6xivetv77JQ-00183-00103255-00103942 oh damn that was actually pretty
6xivetv77JQ-00184-00103943-00104383 pretty terrifying but we got out
6zjdbHu0hbk-00000-00002036-00002774 alright so next since we dealt with this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00001-00002775-00003275 assembly we also can't leave my family
6zjdbHu0hbk-00002-00003276-00003326 alone
6zjdbHu0hbk-00003-00003327-00003640 so there are actually two instructions
6zjdbHu0hbk-00004-00003640-00004069 that will be useful for the next lab
6zjdbHu0hbk-00005-00004070-00004322 these instructions are used for
6zjdbHu0hbk-00006-00004323-00004646 synchronization one of them is called
6zjdbHu0hbk-00007-00004647-00004964 wait for event and all it does is it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00008-00004965-00005197 puts the ARM processor into a low-power
6zjdbHu0hbk-00009-00005198-00005504 mode and it just waits around until a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00010-00005505-00005786 either a sentiment which is the next
6zjdbHu0hbk-00011-00005787-00006304 instruction that I have down here people
6zjdbHu0hbk-00012-00006305-00006701 send event occurs or a physical rqf IQ
6zjdbHu0hbk-00013-00006702-00007052 or an a synchronous abort accursed so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00014-00007053-00007334 either of these events occur then it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00015-00007334-00007817 wakes up and keeps sleeping so this is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00016-00007818-00008056 used primarily the synchronized
6zjdbHu0hbk-00017-00008058-00008417 different pieces of code and across
6zjdbHu0hbk-00018-00008418-00008759 multiple cores even itself and it's used
6zjdbHu0hbk-00019-00008760-00009193 for spend lakhs next we'll talk about
6zjdbHu0hbk-00020-00009194-00009779 some exclusive instructions so the two
6zjdbHu0hbk-00021-00009780-00010051 exclusive instructions are called load
6zjdbHu0hbk-00022-00010052-00010385 LDR DX which is loaded exclusive and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00023-00010386-00010850 stre experts historic exclusive prior to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00024-00010851-00011309 our v6 mostly there are only two atomic
6zjdbHu0hbk-00025-00011310-00011498 instructions available so if you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00026-00011499-00011888 remember or exchange from x86 there used
6zjdbHu0hbk-00027-00011889-00012125 to be something called swamp and swamp
6zjdbHu0hbk-00028-00012126-00012425 bite which was SW PB
6zjdbHu0hbk-00029-00012426-00012770 but now it's been deprecated in the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00030-00012771-00013060 sense that it's still available but it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00031-00013061-00013313 not used as much as a load exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00032-00013313-00013600 store exclusive the reason is because
6zjdbHu0hbk-00033-00013601-00013877 the swap was implemented as a read lock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00034-00013878-00014258 right which means it doesn't allow you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00035-00014259-00014540 to leave the value until it's finished
6zjdbHu0hbk-00036-00014541-00014842 writing to it so the idea was if you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00037-00014843-00015161 swamp something only after the swap
6zjdbHu0hbk-00038-00015162-00015244 occurred
6zjdbHu0hbk-00039-00015246-00015572 could you actually access the values the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00040-00015572-00016016 problem was between the regionally block
6zjdbHu0hbk-00041-00016016-00016269 and the right you aren't able to do any
6zjdbHu0hbk-00042-00016271-00016619 operations in your assembly code so if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00043-00016620-00016760 you want to implement something like the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00044-00016761-00017060 semaphore or something like that you if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00045-00017061-00017432 you aren't able to do that so so that's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00046-00017433-00017582 why they came up with these load
6zjdbHu0hbk-00047-00017583-00017882 exclusive store exclusive and I'll go
6zjdbHu0hbk-00048-00017883-00018464 into how they work of it so so the bth
6zjdbHu0hbk-00049-00018465-00018965 heater is just for white double word or
6zjdbHu0hbk-00050-00018966-00019397 1/2 work and that actually allows you to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00051-00019398-00019891 do 64 bits I guess to work at a time
6zjdbHu0hbk-00052-00019892-00020786 that's good so there is no no access to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00053-00020787-00021002 memory and allowed between the load
6zjdbHu0hbk-00054-00021003-00021197 exclusive store exclusive instructions
6zjdbHu0hbk-00055-00021198-00021491 but you can actually write code in
6zjdbHu0hbk-00056-00021492-00021809 between them to do other things as well
6zjdbHu0hbk-00057-00021810-00022259 see it lab 5 so after starting a load
6zjdbHu0hbk-00058-00022260-00022547 exclusive if you want to abort the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00059-00022548-00022784 exclusive operation for any reason you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00060-00022785-00023033 could use the clear exclusive CL RDX
6zjdbHu0hbk-00061-00023034-00023462 operation and you can also use the data
6zjdbHu0hbk-00062-00023463-00023666 memory barriers which is one of the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00063-00023667-00023969 earlier instructions we've looked at and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00064-00023970-00024308 this was for this actually what it does
6zjdbHu0hbk-00065-00024309-00024662 is it only allows access through the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00066-00024663-00024980 registers on that one processor so the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00067-00024981-00025253 memory barrier is only applicable to the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00068-00025254-00025598 processor that it's running on and so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00069-00025599-00025870 other processors could technically I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00070-00025872-00026237 guess continue accessing their registers
6zjdbHu0hbk-00071-00026238-00026519 or they could access this course
6zjdbHu0hbk-00072-00026520-00027027 registers this is actually used mostly
6zjdbHu0hbk-00073-00027029-00027547 on the one core of that one processor if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00074-00027548-00027926 the data memory barrier as I mentioned
6zjdbHu0hbk-00075-00027927-00028235 earlier again it ensures the correct
6zjdbHu0hbk-00076-00028236-00028502 order of operations or memory acts
6zjdbHu0hbk-00077-00028503-00029139 and if only after it's finished you can
6zjdbHu0hbk-00078-00029139-00029448 turn off the data memory barrier using
6zjdbHu0hbk-00079-00029449-00029760 the sentiment actually so we'll see that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00080-00029761-00030292 in the atomic lab so guys go into your
6zjdbHu0hbk-00082-00033600-00033911 here you'll see two files atomic dot C
6zjdbHu0hbk-00083-00033912-00034358 and then V text of s so the goal of this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00084-00034359-00034963 lab is to implement the mutex using the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00085-00034964-00035158 lower exclusive or exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00086-00035159-00035621 instructions and the atomic dot C
6zjdbHu0hbk-00087-00035622-00035837 actually just has limp
6zjdbHu0hbk-00088-00035838-00036129 pthread code so it essentially creates
6zjdbHu0hbk-00089-00036130-00036488 two threads that that are actually the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00090-00036489-00036773 same function called do something so if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00091-00036774-00037265 you look at comic that's it's using the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00092-00037266-00037538 T thread library that you see included
6zjdbHu0hbk-00093-00037539-00038096 up top here so and all it's doing is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00094-00038097-00038404 it's creating in the main Austrian
6zjdbHu0hbk-00095-00038405-00038708 creates two threads that call the same
6zjdbHu0hbk-00096-00038709-00039290 method but it also calls two methods
6zjdbHu0hbk-00097-00039291-00039590 which is up here so there's long commute
6zjdbHu0hbk-00098-00039591-00039998 acts and then unlocking types so this is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00099-00039999-00040329 to sort of ensure this is sort of like a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00100-00040330-00040529 semaphore I guess if you will so we're
6zjdbHu0hbk-00101-00040530-00040805 only one thread can get into this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00102-00040806-00041162 section of code executed and then return
6zjdbHu0hbk-00103-00041163-00041552 so this is the method do something
6zjdbHu0hbk-00104-00041553-00041816 and here are the two threads that are
6zjdbHu0hbk-00105-00041817-00042317 started so all you'll need to do is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00106-00042318-00042851 actually modify the detest locking and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00107-00042852-00043286 unlocking mechanism here so you have to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00108-00043287-00043520 use load exclusive store exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00109-00043521-00044749 instructions in between this and here so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00110-00044750-00045713 I've actually included this solution and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00111-00045714-00045923 this is actually an example that army
6zjdbHu0hbk-00112-00045924-00046199 provides stuff and this is not the best
6zjdbHu0hbk-00113-00046200-00046729 way of implementing a mutex but enough
6zjdbHu0hbk-00114-00046730-00049680 but it is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00115-00049681-00050211 so you're sort of the pseudocode or how
6zjdbHu0hbk-00116-00050212-00050427 you'd go about locking the defects using
6zjdbHu0hbk-00117-00050428-00050927 load explosive and starting symptoms and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00118-00050928-00052495 mutex unlawful activities
6zjdbHu0hbk-00119-00052496-00052766 actually if you'll see in you our
6zjdbHu0hbk-00120-00052766-00053027 assembly mutex code there's actually a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00121-00053028-00053578 variable for unlocked values it's called
6zjdbHu0hbk-00122-00053579-00054323 equals unlocked so use that so once you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00123-00054324-00054449 have written that code you can actually
6zjdbHu0hbk-00124-00054450-00055328 like me and run the test it out
6zjdbHu0hbk-00125-00055329-00055625 so it's compared to my notes I believe
6zjdbHu0hbk-00126-00055626-00056137 the architecture reference man is given
6zjdbHu0hbk-00127-00056138-00056348 and that's probably going to be more
6zjdbHu0hbk-00128-00056349-00057551 helpful
6zjdbHu0hbk-00129-00057552-00057963 you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00130-00057964-00058357 yeah just another quick announcement you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00131-00058358-00058624 guys want to save all your work at the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00132-00058625-00058842 end of the class I would recommend that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00133-00058844-00059216 you use the SSH folder that we set up
6zjdbHu0hbk-00134-00059217-00060228 inside the VM so go to like places and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00135-00060229-00060840 all you have to do actually is route
6zjdbHu0hbk-00136-00060841-00061158 that projects so this has all your labs
6zjdbHu0hbk-00137-00061159-00061519 except for the interrupt lab and for the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00138-00061520-00061680 interrupts lab actually if you go to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00139-00061682-00062085 your home folder on the p.m. there's a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00140-00062086-00062623 projects directory then copy leave
6zjdbHu0hbk-00141-00062624-00062998 you'll need interrupts and just grab the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00142-00062999-00063358 code and what I can do is I can close
6zjdbHu0hbk-00143-00063359-00063685 this VM on temp space and you can
6zjdbHu0hbk-00144-00063686-00063966 actually copy those folders back it is a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00145-00063967-00064609 VM so it'll keep your work and if you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00146-00064610-00064747 still haven't figured it out about how
6zjdbHu0hbk-00147-00064748-00064912 the solutions are in the got solutions
6zjdbHu0hbk-00148-00064913-00066143 directory the projects folder
6zjdbHu0hbk-00149-00066144-00066617 so there are actually two things I'd
6zjdbHu0hbk-00150-00066618-00067111 like to highlight so in the manual if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00151-00067112-00067430 you actually look at exclusive access
6zjdbHu0hbk-00152-00067431-00067719 you'll see that the store exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00153-00067720-00068017 instruction actually returns of dodgy
6zjdbHu0hbk-00154-00068018-00068257 will inflate into the destination
6zjdbHu0hbk-00155-00068258-00068654 register if this store exclusive is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00156-00068655-00068879 successful it actually puts a value of
6zjdbHu0hbk-00157-00068880-00069175 zero and if it's not successful its
6zjdbHu0hbk-00158-00069176-00069667 value is one and so essentially what
6zjdbHu0hbk-00159-00069668-00069953 they've done is they've taken the swap
6zjdbHu0hbk-00160-00069954-00070141 instruction which takes the reblock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00161-00070142-00070525 right and kind of separated it into this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00162-00070526-00070703 low and exclusive which is sort of the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00163-00070704-00070981 read lock ease and that store exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00164-00070982-00071431 which is also sort of a write lock and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00165-00071432-00072255 so if you actually go to the page six
6zjdbHu0hbk-00166-00072256-00072706 the store exclusive instruction takes
6zjdbHu0hbk-00167-00072707-00073051 the actual memory location if you want
6zjdbHu0hbk-00168-00073052-00073513 to write to register and what value you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00169-00073514-00073824 want to write and then finally if the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00170-00073825-00074099 store is actually successful that writes
6zjdbHu0hbk-00171-00074100-00074342 the 0 or 1 in to this destination
6zjdbHu0hbk-00172-00074343-00074741 register so events or the usage for
6zjdbHu0hbk-00173-00074742-00074972 store exclusive what exclusive only
6zjdbHu0hbk-00174-00074973-00075449 takes two registers which is the basic
6zjdbHu0hbk-00175-00075450-00075649 drafts of those every look you want to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00176-00075650-00076201 write to the actual value that you that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00177-00076202-00076444 are the register that you want to load
6zjdbHu0hbk-00178-00076445-00077300 into so that's why if you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00179-00077301-00077684 so I'm sort of the pseudo-code and this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00180-00077685-00077915 is sort of based on what I came up with
6zjdbHu0hbk-00181-00077916-00078193 so if you have a better solution please
6zjdbHu0hbk-00182-00078194-00078743 do let me know sale so essentially the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00183-00078744-00079131 mutex lock function so a mutex tries to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00184-00079132-00079444 allow access in a safe manner to a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00185-00079445-00079760 critical section of code right that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00186-00079761-00080105 shared between two processes so that's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00187-00080106-00080287 one of mutex to us and if you look at it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00188-00080288-00080972 the code under deep Tomic are yeah topic
6zjdbHu0hbk-00189-00080973-00083099 dot C so so if you look in atomic dot C
6zjdbHu0hbk-00190-00083100-00083378 you'll notice that there's a there's an
6zjdbHu0hbk-00191-00083379-00083686 argument being passed to lock a tense
6zjdbHu0hbk-00192-00083687-00084001 and it's called mutex locks and it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00193-00084002-00084250 defined as an unsigned integer up here
6zjdbHu0hbk-00194-00084251-00084487 and it's initially set to the value
6zjdbHu0hbk-00195-00084488-00084830 unlocked which is defined to be 0 and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00196-00084831-00085677 locked which is defined to be 1
6zjdbHu0hbk-00197-00085678-00085965 so if there's just for convention that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00198-00085966-00086559 those values could be anything so so the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00199-00086560-00086916 idea is that do something is a critical
6zjdbHu0hbk-00200-00086917-00087210 section of code and you want to order
6zjdbHu0hbk-00201-00087211-00087735 the the processes that I get access to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00202-00087736-00088140 this function essentially and once that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00203-00088141-00088416 process is done if I'm lost the mutex in
6zjdbHu0hbk-00204-00088417-00088599 allows the other one to enter
6zjdbHu0hbk-00205-00088600-00089348 essentially so in order to do this I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00206-00089349-00089709 actually slightly modified the solution
6zjdbHu0hbk-00207-00089710-00090360 but it still works so the idea is your
6zjdbHu0hbk-00208-00090361-00090741 pseudo code is to loop and try to get an
6zjdbHu0hbk-00209-00090742-00091197 exclusive reblock on the argument that's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00210-00091198-00091476 passed into view text law so if you're
6zjdbHu0hbk-00211-00091477-00091836 able to read it then you know that you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00212-00091837-00092181 can write to it so it's that's why you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00213-00092182-00092507 end up first loading the locked value
6zjdbHu0hbk-00214-00092508-00092732 here you can choose to do it do it this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00215-00092733-00093027 way or you can actually choose to use
6zjdbHu0hbk-00216-00093028-00093255 constants there instead of using equals
6zjdbHu0hbk-00217-00093256-00093585 locking equals unlocked and just use
6zjdbHu0hbk-00218-00093586-00093786 constants in its place I just thought
6zjdbHu0hbk-00219-00093787-00094185 this would be more descriptive so this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00220-00094186-00094451 equals lot is actually a memory location
6zjdbHu0hbk-00221-00094452-00095037 so you can't just you can't just use
6zjdbHu0hbk-00222-00095038-00095388 equals as a immediate constant in your
6zjdbHu0hbk-00223-00095389-00095709 assembly code so you have to load that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00224-00095710-00096000 value into a register first so in this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00225-00096001-00096390 case for the loft mutex code I just end
6zjdbHu0hbk-00226-00096391-00096669 up loading the locked value and the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00227-00096670-00097272 unlock value into r1 and r3 and then you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00228-00097273-00097563 try to load the value from the argument
6zjdbHu0hbk-00229-00097564-00097911 that's being passed in through r0 if you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00230-00097912-00098154 remember the mutex lock call in atomic
6zjdbHu0hbk-00231-00098155-00098526 dot c passes the address of the pointer
6zjdbHu0hbk-00232-00098527-00098856 to the unsigned integer mutex lock so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00233-00098857-00098916 that's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00234-00098917-00099200 dress and you try to do an exclusive
6zjdbHu0hbk-00235-00099201-00099482 read on it and then what you do is you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00236-00099483-00099831 compare our two which is the value that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00237-00099832-00100479 you just read to the actual unlocked
6zjdbHu0hbk-00238-00100480-00100773 value right so here you want to make
6zjdbHu0hbk-00239-00100774-00101160 sure that before you lock the mutex that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00240-00101161-00101499 the actual value is unlocked so that you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00241-00101500-00101968 can gain the lock on it essentially so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00242-00101969-00102489 so once you're able to do that then what
6zjdbHu0hbk-00243-00102490-00102884 you do is this is a if you remember the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00244-00102885-00103227 conditional mnemonics where this is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00245-00103228-00103616 actually a store exclusive if peoples so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00246-00103617-00103815 what you're doing here is you're making
6zjdbHu0hbk-00247-00103816-00104057 sure that it's a locked and only if it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00248-00104058-00104432 unlocked you try to write the locked
6zjdbHu0hbk-00249-00104433-00104828 value into the destination which is your
6zjdbHu0hbk-00250-00104829-00105065 mutex lock variable which is being
6zjdbHu0hbk-00251-00105066-00105498 passed into this function so if you're
6zjdbHu0hbk-00252-00105499-00105801 able to read it exclusively and make
6zjdbHu0hbk-00253-00105802-00106034 sure that it's unlocked
6zjdbHu0hbk-00254-00106035-00106257 then only you try to write the lock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00255-00106258-00106556 value and actually lock the mutex and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00256-00106557-00106974 then as I pointed out earlier the store
6zjdbHu0hbk-00257-00106975-00107232 exclusive actually returns some value
6zjdbHu0hbk-00258-00107233-00107499 into r2 which is this destination
6zjdbHu0hbk-00259-00107500-00107775 register that tells you whether the it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00260-00107776-00108015 was able to write successfully or not
6zjdbHu0hbk-00261-00108016-00108246 and so what you can do is you can
6zjdbHu0hbk-00262-00108247-00108479 compare that and see if you were able to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00263-00108480-00108714 get the lock on the mutex if it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00264-00108715-00109014 unsuccessful which is this is a branch
6zjdbHu0hbk-00265-00109015-00109353 if not equal so if it was successful it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00266-00109354-00109608 would have written a zero if it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00267-00109608-00109953 unsuccessful writes a one so you know at
6zjdbHu0hbk-00268-00109954-00110082 this point whether it's written
6zjdbHu0hbk-00269-00110083-00110300 successfully or not so you can compare
6zjdbHu0hbk-00270-00110301-00110550 if it was successful if it's not
6zjdbHu0hbk-00271-00110551-00110816 successful it branches back to this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00272-00110817-00111177 label l1 and then tries to get the lock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00273-00111178-00111260 all over again
6zjdbHu0hbk-00274-00111261-00111743 so this is sort of the following the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00275-00111744-00112016 logic that I have here for the pseudo
6zjdbHu0hbk-00276-00112017-00112189 code
6zjdbHu0hbk-00277-00112190-00112651 and so once you're able to lock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00278-00112652-00112946 unlocking should be trivial you don't
6zjdbHu0hbk-00279-00112947-00113513 need to exclusively check if the mutex
6zjdbHu0hbk-00280-00113514-00113819 has been locked - in order to unlock it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00281-00113820-00114122 but you can't so I just chose to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00282-00114123-00114464 actually just write the value of unlock
6zjdbHu0hbk-00283-00114465-00114749 so this is same as I do in lock mutex I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00284-00114750-00115009 load the unlock value and then I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00285-00115010-00115394 actually store that value directly into
6zjdbHu0hbk-00286-00115395-00115766 the argument that's being passed in here
6zjdbHu0hbk-00287-00115767-00115922 it's again going to be the same argument
6zjdbHu0hbk-00288-00115923-00116153 which is mutex lock which is an unsigned
6zjdbHu0hbk-00289-00116154-00116383 integer the pointer to an unsigned
6zjdbHu0hbk-00290-00116384-00116630 integer so I just write the unlock value
6zjdbHu0hbk-00291-00116631-00117133 in there and leave so does this sort of
6zjdbHu0hbk-00292-00117134-00117371 make sense this is just a poor man's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00293-00117372-00117733 mutant exploitation but I'm sure there
6zjdbHu0hbk-00294-00117734-00118019 are better implementations out there so
6zjdbHu0hbk-00295-00118020-00118214 if you have any please let me know I'd
6zjdbHu0hbk-00296-00118215-00118643 be interested the other interesting
6zjdbHu0hbk-00297-00118644-00118955 thing to note here is that the LD
6zjdbHu0hbk-00298-00118956-00119258 audience and STR DX are impaired which
6zjdbHu0hbk-00299-00119258-00119465 means I don't think I'm against actually
6zjdbHu0hbk-00300-00119466-00119708 when both of these instructions are used
6zjdbHu0hbk-00301-00119708-00120109 it marks the physical memory saying that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00302-00120110-00120374 there's an exclusive access going on and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00303-00120375-00120572 with virtual memory implementations on
6zjdbHu0hbk-00304-00120573-00120952 some of the SOC boards it will actually
6zjdbHu0hbk-00305-00120953-00121346 mark the physical address and the VMS a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00306-00121347-00121510 implementation has to take that into
6zjdbHu0hbk-00307-00121511-00121885 account essentially but those two are
6zjdbHu0hbk-00308-00121886-00122165 impaired which means if you use LD RDX
6zjdbHu0hbk-00309-00122166-00122611 you can't use STR exb you have to use LD
6zjdbHu0hbk-00310-00122613-00123116 RDX be with STR exp and LD r DX with STR
6zjdbHu0hbk-00311-00123117-00123634 yes and as you can see in between the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00312-00123635-00123914 LDR DX and stre X there's no memory
6zjdbHu0hbk-00313-00123915-00124328 access going on I I tried to load the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00314-00124329-00124607 value of unlocked before the LDR DX
6zjdbHu0hbk-00315-00124608-00124913 occurred and then I use it sort of in
6zjdbHu0hbk-00316-00124914-00125320 between so now that we've covered
6zjdbHu0hbk-00317-00125321-00125829 sort of atomic operations so this is the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00318-00125830-00126082 solution it's slightly different here I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00319-00126083-00126331 actually used a constant directly except
6zjdbHu0hbk-00320-00126332-00126645 loading the unlock value and checking if
6zjdbHu0hbk-00321-00126646-00126816 it's actually gonna lock or not so I
6zjdbHu0hbk-00322-00126817-00126963 just kind of hide codes without you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00323-00126964-00127413 there I just thought I would be
6zjdbHu0hbk-00324-00127414-00127758 descriptive and Ben actually had this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00325-00127759-00128127 question about how we can use assembly
6zjdbHu0hbk-00326-00128128-00128616 on the iPhone or the or Android so for
6zjdbHu0hbk-00327-00128617-00128845 iPhone from what I've read apparently
6zjdbHu0hbk-00328-00128846-00129264 you can the Xcode actually comes with a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00329-00129265-00129537 new assembler I believe so you can
6zjdbHu0hbk-00330-00129538-00129825 actually compile the assembly code and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00331-00129826-00130125 then use the dot o files and include
6zjdbHu0hbk-00332-00130126-00130345 them in your project and reference the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00333-00130346-00130635 code that way or you can also use inline
6zjdbHu0hbk-00334-00130636-00130962 assembly that being said I haven't tried
6zjdbHu0hbk-00335-00130963-00131379 this out myself so you can actually go
6zjdbHu0hbk-00336-00131380-00131652 ahead and try it out and the iPhone API
6zjdbHu0hbk-00337-00131653-00131886 there's also an application binary
6zjdbHu0hbk-00338-00131887-00132193 interface forearm that's been specified
6zjdbHu0hbk-00339-00132194-00132943 by Apple so there's a handy dandy for
6zjdbHu0hbk-00340-00132944-00133144 Android it becomes a little bit more
6zjdbHu0hbk-00341-00133145-00133527 complicated so Android comes with
6zjdbHu0hbk-00342-00133528-00133677 something called a native development
6zjdbHu0hbk-00343-00133678-00133959 kit which allows you to run native
6zjdbHu0hbk-00344-00133960-00134364 binaries in conjunction with Android
6zjdbHu0hbk-00345-00134365-00134700 applications so what you have to do is
6zjdbHu0hbk-00346-00134701-00134956 first get their toolkit it actually
6zjdbHu0hbk-00347-00134957-00135157 comes with a bunch of cross compilers
6zjdbHu0hbk-00348-00135158-00135533 tools as well as native development
6zjdbHu0hbk-00349-00135534-00135897 tools or poking things on Android
6zjdbHu0hbk-00350-00135898-00136296 applications so first what you do is you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00351-00136297-00136645 actually write a stump code and see just
6zjdbHu0hbk-00352-00136646-00136843 regular C that calls the assembly method
6zjdbHu0hbk-00353-00136844-00137189 like we did with our atomic lab right
6zjdbHu0hbk-00354-00137190-00137624 and but that method has to take specific
6zjdbHu0hbk-00355-00137625-00137944 number of arguments and you have to use
6zjdbHu0hbk-00356-00137945-00138231 j'ni types so there's something called
6zjdbHu0hbk-00357-00138232-00138574 Jayant or an integer that's starting to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00358-00138575-00138816 that's long so you have to be wary of
6zjdbHu0hbk-00359-00138817-00139171 the data sizes and compare them with the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00360-00139172-00139495 j'ni type data sizes and just use the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00361-00139496-00139810 appropriate data type so once you have
6zjdbHu0hbk-00362-00139811-00140253 done that you can you actually can copy
6zjdbHu0hbk-00363-00140254-00140446 a template make file that's available
6zjdbHu0hbk-00364-00140447-00140770 for Android NDK and then compile this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00365-00140771-00141181 see stuff code with the assembly and it
6zjdbHu0hbk-00366-00141182-00141666 generates some static objects then what
6zjdbHu0hbk-00367-00141667-00142006 you can do is you use the NDK tool to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00368-00142007-00142822 actually build and using that thing all
6zjdbHu0hbk-00369-00142823-00143014 that does is it uses the make file to
6zjdbHu0hbk-00370-00143015-00143260 build the actual objects and then
6zjdbHu0hbk-00371-00143261-00143584 finally in the Android application you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00372-00143585-00144085 declare a Java function with a label
6zjdbHu0hbk-00373-00144086-00144404 native and it's going to be the same
6zjdbHu0hbk-00374-00144405-00145006 method name as your one as the one that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00375-00145007-00145399 you use in your stuff C code and the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00376-00145400-00145585 package name interestingly when you've
6zjdbHu0hbk-00377-00145586-00145927 declared this C stub code you actually
6zjdbHu0hbk-00378-00145928-00146190 have to give a unique function a
6zjdbHu0hbk-00379-00146191-00146466 function name that includes the package
6zjdbHu0hbk-00380-00146467-00146683 name so I can actually show you an
6zjdbHu0hbk-00381-00146684-00147019 example here so this link actually has
6zjdbHu0hbk-00382-00147020-00147634 much better information on this but you
6zjdbHu0hbk-00383-00147635-00148018 actually invent your package name into
6zjdbHu0hbk-00384-00148019-00148243 your j9c
6zjdbHu0hbk-00385-00148244-00148599 stuff so if here it as you can see
6zjdbHu0hbk-00386-00148600-00149272 Jessie yeah so here you would give the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00387-00149273-00149599 package name followed by the actual
6zjdbHu0hbk-00388-00149600-00150049 function name so you say Java call I do
6zjdbHu0hbk-00389-00150050-00150228 all Android and that's sort of the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00390-00150229-00150460 package it shows up in your Android
6zjdbHu0hbk-00391-00150461-00150781 application and so you just say package
6zjdbHu0hbk-00392-00150782-00151060 followed by that igual not Android that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00393-00151061-00151659 assembly you know in this case so once
6zjdbHu0hbk-00394-00151660-00151956 have that you can actually declare this
6zjdbHu0hbk-00395-00151957-00152199 function using the native keyword and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00396-00152200-00152553 then you can actually you have to also
6zjdbHu0hbk-00397-00152554-00152787 load the library using system download
6zjdbHu0hbk-00398-00152788-00153123 library it loads the native library and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00399-00153124-00153285 then you can make calls to that method
6zjdbHu0hbk-00400-00153286-00153483 that's actually in your android
6zjdbHu0hbk-00401-00153484-00153995 application does that sort of make sense
6zjdbHu0hbk-00402-00153996-00154392 so the bend is asking what the apple URL
6zjdbHu0hbk-00403-00154393-00154671 is i've actually posted this with the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00404-00154672-00155184 slides in my transfer folder so it's
6zjdbHu0hbk-00405-00155185-00155624 actually developer.apple.com library iOS
6zjdbHu0hbk-00406-00155625-00156729 documentation conceptual so so with that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00407-00156730-00157146 I've also included some useful links and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00408-00157147-00157482 this sort of concludes the class so in
6zjdbHu0hbk-00409-00157483-00157806 retrospect we kind of looked at we
6zjdbHu0hbk-00410-00157807-00158046 started off with sort of what happens at
6zjdbHu0hbk-00411-00158047-00158466 power on with these artboards you enter
6zjdbHu0hbk-00412-00158467-00158736 the reset mode right you're in
6zjdbHu0hbk-00413-00158737-00158943 supervisor mode and then you start
6zjdbHu0hbk-00414-00158944-00159236 executing generally it's the bootloader
6zjdbHu0hbk-00415-00159237-00159627 at a specific address and once the boot
6zjdbHu0hbk-00416-00159628-00159869 loader loads then it runs the kernel and
6zjdbHu0hbk-00417-00159870-00160146 loads the RAM DOS starts running that
6zjdbHu0hbk-00418-00160147-00160491 and then you can draw whatever OLS on
6zjdbHu0hbk-00419-00160492-00160689 top of the kernel whether it's Android
6zjdbHu0hbk-00420-00160690-00161100 Linux and then we sort of went through
6zjdbHu0hbk-00421-00161101-00161607 what the assembly operations are and we
6zjdbHu0hbk-00422-00161608-00162234 went over how to use gdb essentially on
6zjdbHu0hbk-00423-00162235-00162723 our and finally we looked at how buffer
6zjdbHu0hbk-00424-00162724-00162942 overflows might work and sort of the
6zjdbHu0hbk-00425-00162943-00163235 calling convention that arm uses for
6zjdbHu0hbk-00426-00163236-00163629 parameter passing and we also looked at
6zjdbHu0hbk-00427-00163630-00164070 atomic instructions and how it drops
6zjdbHu0hbk-00428-00164071-00164781 work so are there any questions
6zjdbHu0hbk-00429-00164782-00165076 and we also looked at how to use inline
6zjdbHu0hbk-00430-00165077-00165385 assembly and how to reference assembly
6zjdbHu0hbk-00431-00165386-00166168 code see so so you guys should be armed
6zjdbHu0hbk-00432-00166169-00167050 programming machines also please feel
6zjdbHu0hbk-00433-00167051-00167272 free to send me any suggestions
6zjdbHu0hbk-00434-00167273-00167776 Corrections or ideas that you may have
6_sI86RY3DA-00000-00000290-00000815 [Music]
6_sI86RY3DA-00001-00000816-00000975 some of this insights from the science
6_sI86RY3DA-00002-00000976-00001150 learning area are that students
6_sI86RY3DA-00003-00001151-00001311 typically answer the single mark
6_sI86RY3DA-00004-00001312-00001558 questions really really well in terms of
6_sI86RY3DA-00005-00001559-00001718 questions that are worth more than one
6_sI86RY3DA-00006-00001719-00001823 mark
6_sI86RY3DA-00007-00001823-00002134 students typically either didn't
6_sI86RY3DA-00008-00002135-00002423 achieve that number of marks
6_sI86RY3DA-00009-00002424-00002671 for a variety of reasons but potentially
6_sI86RY3DA-00010-00002672-00002839 because they didn't add additional
6_sI86RY3DA-00011-00002840-00002999 information that was required for the
6_sI86RY3DA-00012-00003000-00003199 additional marks many students only
6_sI86RY3DA-00013-00003200-00003415 answered some of the questions last year
6_sI86RY3DA-00014-00003415-00003551 on the exam
6_sI86RY3DA-00015-00003552-00003751 we train our markers to
6_sI86RY3DA-00016-00003752-00003927 look for marks in the response so it's
6_sI86RY3DA-00017-00003928-00004199 really important that you show us what
6_sI86RY3DA-00018-00004200-00004391 you know by answering every single
6_sI86RY3DA-00019-00004392-00004775 question
6_sI86RY3DA-00020-00004776-00004967 so for multiple choice questions it's
6_sI86RY3DA-00021-00004968-00005135 answer every single multiple choice
6_sI86RY3DA-00022-00005136-00005367 question for short response questions
6_sI86RY3DA-00023-00005368-00005535 really pay attention to the cognitive
6_sI86RY3DA-00024-00005536-00005718 verb that is listed in the syllabus
6_sI86RY3DA-00025-00005719-00005934 because typically that's the cognitive
6_sI86RY3DA-00026-00005935-00006127 verb that's going to be used on the
6_sI86RY3DA-00027-00006128-00006302 external assessment
6_sI86RY3DA-00028-00006303-00006542 also with the cognitive verb really pay
6_sI86RY3DA-00029-00006543-00006719 attention to the definition of the
6_sI86RY3DA-00030-00006720-00006959 cognitive verb in the syllabus glossary
6_sI86RY3DA-00031-00006959-00007119 so that you understand what's going to
6_sI86RY3DA-00032-00007120-00007310 be required of you
6_sI86RY3DA-00033-00007311-00007478 when that cognitive verb is used on the
6_sI86RY3DA-00034-00007479-00007663 external assessment for example the
6_sI86RY3DA-00035-00007664-00007878 definition of the cognitive verb compare
6_sI86RY3DA-00036-00007879-00008127 is to find similarities differences and
6_sI86RY3DA-00037-00008128-00008335 the significance of these so a question
6_sI86RY3DA-00038-00008336-00008495 on the exam will typically be worth
6_sI86RY3DA-00039-00008496-00008695 three marks to elicit
6_sI86RY3DA-00040-00008696-00008951 those three qualities where a question
6_sI86RY3DA-00041-00008952-00009214 has stimulus make sure that you refer to
6_sI86RY3DA-00042-00009215-00009423 the stimulus in your answer
6_sI86RY3DA-00043-00009424-00009655 similarly in psychology often a question
6_sI86RY3DA-00044-00009656-00009863 will refer to a study
6_sI86RY3DA-00045-00009864-00010046 and in that case also make sure that
6_sI86RY3DA-00046-00010047-00010223 you're referring to details of the study
6_sI86RY3DA-00047-00010224-00010463 in your answer for extended response
6_sI86RY3DA-00048-00010464-00010687 questions in agricultural science and
6_sI86RY3DA-00049-00010688-00010910 earth and environmental science make
6_sI86RY3DA-00050-00010911-00011119 sure you pay attention to the question
6_sI86RY3DA-00051-00011120-00011295 read the question carefully and pay
6_sI86RY3DA-00052-00011296-00011446 close attention to each of the
6_sI86RY3DA-00053-00011447-00011614 components that you need to include in
6_sI86RY3DA-00054-00011615-00012055 your response
6_sI86RY3DA-00055-00012056-00012206 so students should be familiar with
6_sI86RY3DA-00056-00012207-00012446 their general syllabuses which can be
6_sI86RY3DA-00057-00012447-00012703 found on the qcaa website
6_sI86RY3DA-00058-00012704-00012974 on that same page you'll also find the
6_sI86RY3DA-00059-00012975-00013238 sample exams as well as the 2020 past
6_sI86RY3DA-00060-00013240-00013503 papers you'll also find the 2020 subject
6_sI86RY3DA-00061-00013504-00013855 report in that report there are example
6_sI86RY3DA-00062-00013856-00014047 responses from students from the past
6_sI86RY3DA-00063-00014047-00014303 exam on the myqce website you'll find
6_sI86RY3DA-00064-00014304-00014543 the new 2021 external assessment guide
6_sI86RY3DA-00065-00014544-00014710 for students
6_sI86RY3DA-00066-00014711-00015472 [Music]
6_z0spsr0ky-00000-00000071-00000271 what is up my exchange family from all
6_z0spsr0ky-00001-00000272-00000415 over the world and thank you for tuning
6_z0spsr0ky-00002-00000416-00000615 in into another episode of chief chat
6_z0spsr0ky-00003-00000616-00000799 my name is chief master kevin osbie and
6_z0spsr0ky-00004-00000800-00000935 i'm your senior list advisor for the
6_z0spsr0ky-00005-00000936-00001111 army and air force exchange service
6_z0spsr0ky-00006-00001112-00001239 before we get started with our guest
6_z0spsr0ky-00007-00001240-00001374 today i would like to introduce my
6_z0spsr0ky-00008-00001375-00001558 lovely co-host julie mitchell hey julia
6_z0spsr0ky-00009-00001559-00001623 how you doing
6_z0spsr0ky-00010-00001623-00001847 hey chief it's great to see you awesome
6_z0spsr0ky-00011-00001848-00002007 awesome and we got a special guest
6_z0spsr0ky-00012-00002007-00002126 co-host today
6_z0spsr0ky-00013-00002127-00002479 um my brother from uh the my brother in
6_z0spsr0ky-00014-00002480-00002726 arms from the uh he's a senior enlisted
6_z0spsr0ky-00015-00002727-00002879 advisor for the exchange out there in
6_z0spsr0ky-00016-00002880-00002999 the pacific region
6_z0spsr0ky-00017-00003000-00003183 sergeant major wayne crudup how are you
6_z0spsr0ky-00018-00003184-00003311 doing what's
6_z0spsr0ky-00019-00003311-00003454 good how are you doing good afternoon
6_z0spsr0ky-00020-00003455-00003615 good morning all that
6_z0spsr0ky-00021-00003615-00003799 all of that what time what time we got
6_z0spsr0ky-00022-00003800-00003990 you over there in okinawa
6_z0spsr0ky-00023-00003992-00004206 it is zero three in the morning zero
6_z0spsr0ky-00024-00004207-00004327 three man look at that he
6_z0spsr0ky-00025-00004328-00004511 he gonna sacrifice just to be on the
6_z0spsr0ky-00026-00004512-00004663 chief's chat man that's what's up man i
6_z0spsr0ky-00027-00004664-00004775 appreciate it absolutely
6_z0spsr0ky-00028-00004776-00004983 absolutely this number one uh podcast in
6_z0spsr0ky-00029-00004984-00005072 america right now you know
6_z0spsr0ky-00030-00005073-00005302 [Laughter]
6_z0spsr0ky-00031-00005303-00005527 hey but we we we do have a big game this
6_z0spsr0ky-00032-00005528-00005686 weekend now it's a
6_z0spsr0ky-00033-00005687-00006031 army versus air force and you know what
6_z0spsr0ky-00034-00006032-00006183 with the navy the navy kind of slept on
6_z0spsr0ky-00035-00006184-00006351 us last time and we ran the score up on
6_z0spsr0ky-00036-00006352-00006559 them so
6_z0spsr0ky-00037-00006559-00006687 so this is army we don't do that we're
6_z0spsr0ky-00038-00006688-00006991 not worried about you guys
6_z0spsr0ky-00039-00006992-00007327 be there for us all day let's go falcons
6_z0spsr0ky-00040-00007328-00007527 okay but but we're gonna transition into
6_z0spsr0ky-00041-00007528-00007687 our guest today man i'm super excited
6_z0spsr0ky-00042-00007688-00007791 about our next guest
6_z0spsr0ky-00043-00007792-00007934 uh because it's not every day you get to
6_z0spsr0ky-00044-00007936-00008063 sit down and talk to a real life
6_z0spsr0ky-00045-00008064-00008167 american hero
6_z0spsr0ky-00046-00008168-00008319 but guess what we're doing that just
6_z0spsr0ky-00047-00008320-00008535 today uh without further ado julie
6_z0spsr0ky-00048-00008536-00008719 please introduce today's gifts
6_z0spsr0ky-00049-00008720-00008903 thanks chief osb and welcome sergeant
6_z0spsr0ky-00050-00008904-00009167 major crudup it's always good to see you
6_z0spsr0ky-00051-00009168-00009446 this is a special chief chat episode
6_z0spsr0ky-00052-00009447-00009727 part of our in recognition of series
6_z0spsr0ky-00053-00009728-00009935 as veterans day approaches we're honored
6_z0spsr0ky-00054-00009936-00010119 to salute our nation's heroes
6_z0spsr0ky-00055-00010120-00010319 like today's guest our friends at the
6_z0spsr0ky-00056-00010320-00010535 navy exchange marine corps exchange
6_z0spsr0ky-00057-00010536-00010678 coast guard exchange and defense
6_z0spsr0ky-00058-00010679-00010863 commissary agency will be helping us
6_z0spsr0ky-00059-00010864-00011095 host episodes of the special series all
6_z0spsr0ky-00060-00011096-00011183 month long
6_z0spsr0ky-00061-00011184-00011431 today's guest is a vietnam war hero his
6_z0spsr0ky-00062-00011432-00011646 service in the army included two tours
6_z0spsr0ky-00063-00011647-00011735 to vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00064-00011736-00011927 he was awarded the medal of honor after
6_z0spsr0ky-00065-00011928-00012167 risking his life to single-handedly save
6_z0spsr0ky-00066-00012168-00012255 14 others
6_z0spsr0ky-00067-00012256-00012487 after being attacked by the viet cong he
6_z0spsr0ky-00068-00012488-00012710 also earned two silver stars three
6_z0spsr0ky-00069-00012711-00012958 bronze star medals and two purple hearts
6_z0spsr0ky-00070-00012959-00013230 for his service in the war it is our
6_z0spsr0ky-00071-00013231-00013447 distinct privilege to have him
6_z0spsr0ky-00072-00013447-00013647 as our guest today please help us
6_z0spsr0ky-00073-00013647-00013799 welcome colonel retired
6_z0spsr0ky-00074-00013800-00014151 jack jacobs hey thanks good to be with
6_z0spsr0ky-00075-00014152-00014263 you
6_z0spsr0ky-00076-00014263-00014447 thank you sir and for all of those
6_z0spsr0ky-00077-00014447-00014583 watching drop us
6_z0spsr0ky-00078-00014584-00014751 a note in the comments and let us know
6_z0spsr0ky-00079-00014752-00014911 where you're watching from send
6_z0spsr0ky-00080-00014912-00015119 share some love with colonel jacobs in
6_z0spsr0ky-00081-00015119-00015311 the comments leave your questions for
6_z0spsr0ky-00082-00015312-00015583 him too and we
6_z0spsr0ky-00083-00015584-00015791 now is a fantastic time to start your
6_z0spsr0ky-00084-00015791-00015919 watch party and enjoy
6_z0spsr0ky-00085-00015919-00016150 this live interview with your friends if
6_z0spsr0ky-00086-00016151-00016327 you're not already following our page
6_z0spsr0ky-00087-00016328-00016463 you should we have great
6_z0spsr0ky-00088-00016464-00016694 chief chat in recognition of guests
6_z0spsr0ky-00089-00016695-00016783 coming up
6_z0spsr0ky-00090-00016784-00017150 all month long oh colonel jacobs man it
6_z0spsr0ky-00091-00017151-00017350 is truly truly an honor to have you with
6_z0spsr0ky-00092-00017351-00017422 us today
6_z0spsr0ky-00093-00017423-00017630 you're a highly highly decorated service
6_z0spsr0ky-00094-00017631-00017807 member uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00095-00017808-00017983 and we thank you for your sacrifice and
6_z0spsr0ky-00096-00017984-00018199 your service uh all the folks at the
6_z0spsr0ky-00097-00018200-00018567 exchanges across the board
6_z0spsr0ky-00098-00018568-00018758 and the commissary as well appreciate
6_z0spsr0ky-00099-00018759-00018943 you for your service and your dedication
6_z0spsr0ky-00100-00018944-00019055 to our great nation
6_z0spsr0ky-00101-00019056-00019214 uh thank you so much for spending some
6_z0spsr0ky-00102-00019215-00019439 time with us today well thanks for
6_z0spsr0ky-00103-00019440-00019639 having me on the program i've been
6_z0spsr0ky-00104-00019640-00019807 looking forward to it for quite some
6_z0spsr0ky-00105-00019808-00019855 time
6_z0spsr0ky-00106-00019856-00020063 hold on just a second i apologize for
6_z0spsr0ky-00107-00020064-00020335 this oh no worries
6_z0spsr0ky-00108-00020336-00020622 [Music]
6_z0spsr0ky-00109-00020623-00021271 gotta get rid of those pesky
6_z0spsr0ky-00110-00021272-00021422 i'd rather be with you than anybody else
6_z0spsr0ky-00111-00021423-00021663 in any case so i i seriously i've been
6_z0spsr0ky-00112-00021664-00021950 looking forward to this for some time
6_z0spsr0ky-00113-00021951-00022271 same here awesome
6_z0spsr0ky-00114-00022272-00022535 uh sir i echo chief osb cinnamon uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00115-00022536-00022663 great to have you with us today
6_z0spsr0ky-00116-00022664-00022830 where are you joining us from and how
6_z0spsr0ky-00117-00022831-00022999 you've been firing doing this pandemic
6_z0spsr0ky-00118-00023000-00023303 well i'm in new jersey uh where i
6_z0spsr0ky-00119-00023304-00023478 started out i
6_z0spsr0ky-00120-00023479-00023711 came into the army when i was graduated
6_z0spsr0ky-00121-00023712-00023958 from college in new jersey
6_z0spsr0ky-00122-00023959-00024150 and then when i retired i came back to
6_z0spsr0ky-00123-00024151-00024271 new jersey because i
6_z0spsr0ky-00124-00024272-00024447 got a job offer from a guy whose
6_z0spsr0ky-00125-00024448-00024622 business was here
6_z0spsr0ky-00126-00024623-00024999 and uh and so i've been here on and off
6_z0spsr0ky-00127-00025000-00025175 for a long long time
6_z0spsr0ky-00128-00025176-00025494 um it's it
6_z0spsr0ky-00129-00025495-00025862 for somebody who's been around people
6_z0spsr0ky-00130-00025863-00026078 his whole life you know when you're in
6_z0spsr0ky-00131-00026079-00026223 the service you're around people
6_z0spsr0ky-00132-00026224-00026390 everything depends on the people around
6_z0spsr0ky-00133-00026391-00026502 you
6_z0spsr0ky-00134-00026504-00026799 and they depend on you now to be
6_z0spsr0ky-00135-00026800-00026895 isolated
6_z0spsr0ky-00136-00026895-00027199 like this is very very uncomfortable i i
6_z0spsr0ky-00137-00027200-00027367 always feel better when i'm around
6_z0spsr0ky-00138-00027368-00027535 people who
6_z0spsr0ky-00139-00027536-00027783 have been in uniform or are in uniform
6_z0spsr0ky-00140-00027783-00028014 and i don't get much of that
6_z0spsr0ky-00141-00028016-00028207 locked up here in my house in new jersey
6_z0spsr0ky-00142-00028208-00028511 so this is a great treat for me
6_z0spsr0ky-00143-00028512-00028727 awesome well we're we're happy to kind
6_z0spsr0ky-00144-00028727-00028902 of feel that extrovert
6_z0spsr0ky-00145-00028904-00029190 need that you have yeah thank you thank
6_z0spsr0ky-00146-00029191-00029239 you
6_z0spsr0ky-00147-00029239-00029567 yes we got you sir so sir we would like
6_z0spsr0ky-00148-00029568-00029711 to start off by
6_z0spsr0ky-00149-00029712-00029999 asking you what led you to the army and
6_z0spsr0ky-00150-00030000-00030118 what led you to answer
6_z0spsr0ky-00151-00030119-00030479 that call to serve well two things the
6_z0spsr0ky-00152-00030480-00030518 first
6_z0spsr0ky-00153-00030519-00030799 is that my father uh was in the army
6_z0spsr0ky-00154-00030800-00030911 been drafted
6_z0spsr0ky-00155-00030912-00031062 into the army during the second world
6_z0spsr0ky-00156-00031063-00031199 war and he fought in new guinea in the
6_z0spsr0ky-00157-00031200-00031311 philippines
6_z0spsr0ky-00158-00031312-00031774 in the south pacific he hated the army
6_z0spsr0ky-00159-00031775-00032062 hated getting dragged out of school
6_z0spsr0ky-00160-00032063-00032311 hated getting shot at nobody likes that
6_z0spsr0ky-00161-00032312-00032551 hated the bureaucracy got out the
6_z0spsr0ky-00162-00032552-00032751 instant he possibly could at the end of
6_z0spsr0ky-00163-00032752-00032927 the war
6_z0spsr0ky-00164-00032928-00033174 and then when he got to be my age all he
6_z0spsr0ky-00165-00033175-00033279 would talk about
6_z0spsr0ky-00166-00033280-00033567 was how proud he was at having saved the
6_z0spsr0ky-00167-00033568-00033702 world
6_z0spsr0ky-00168-00033703-00033990 and all of his friends too the same
6_z0spsr0ky-00169-00033991-00034039 they're all
6_z0spsr0ky-00170-00034040-00034239 they hated it and hated and there's no
6_z0spsr0ky-00171-00034240-00034415 good and bad news and
6_z0spsr0ky-00172-00034416-00034831 and then when they grew up they realized
6_z0spsr0ky-00173-00034832-00035015 that that defending the country was
6_z0spsr0ky-00174-00035016-00035167 something that they were that was the
6_z0spsr0ky-00175-00035168-00035343 thing they were most proud of and the
6_z0spsr0ky-00176-00035344-00035455 second thing is
6_z0spsr0ky-00177-00035456-00035790 and it's related to that was that
6_z0spsr0ky-00178-00035791-00036111 i thought then uh when i came into the
6_z0spsr0ky-00179-00036112-00036311 army and i still think today that
6_z0spsr0ky-00180-00036312-00036471 everybody who's lucky enough to live in
6_z0spsr0ky-00181-00036472-00036702 a free country owes it something in the
6_z0spsr0ky-00182-00036703-00036902 form of service
6_z0spsr0ky-00183-00036903-00037055 people join a service and go into
6_z0spsr0ky-00184-00037056-00037311 uniform for a wide variety of reasons
6_z0spsr0ky-00185-00037312-00037462 sometimes they do it for multiple
6_z0spsr0ky-00186-00037463-00037671 reasons but i got nothing to do and
6_z0spsr0ky-00187-00037672-00037790 that's what i want to do
6_z0spsr0ky-00188-00037791-00037967 i want to be part of something bigger
6_z0spsr0ky-00189-00037968-00038183 than i need the money
6_z0spsr0ky-00190-00038184-00038383 whatever the reason is at the end of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00191-00038384-00038559 day
6_z0spsr0ky-00192-00038560-00038871 they are par all of us are part of
6_z0spsr0ky-00193-00038872-00039087 something bigger than ourselves
6_z0spsr0ky-00194-00039088-00039230 and if you want to feel good about
6_z0spsr0ky-00195-00039231-00039415 yourself and about your country that's
6_z0spsr0ky-00196-00039416-00039599 the way to do it is to
6_z0spsr0ky-00197-00039600-00039815 is to make a contribution to the defense
6_z0spsr0ky-00198-00039816-00039974 of the republic
6_z0spsr0ky-00199-00039975-00040374 so my hat is is off to everybody who's
6_z0spsr0ky-00200-00040375-00040518 in uniform now
6_z0spsr0ky-00201-00040519-00040839 we've got a relatively small number of
6_z0spsr0ky-00202-00040840-00041039 people who are out there defending
6_z0spsr0ky-00203-00041040-00041415 what 330 million of us well i
6_z0spsr0ky-00204-00041416-00041702 i i always wanted to be and still am
6_z0spsr0ky-00205-00041703-00041895 proud that i was part of an organization
6_z0spsr0ky-00206-00041896-00042023 like that
6_z0spsr0ky-00207-00042024-00042279 that's awesome awesome so awesome uh i
6_z0spsr0ky-00208-00042280-00042462 understand that uh as a young soldier
6_z0spsr0ky-00209-00042463-00042623 you wanted to go to vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00210-00042624-00042807 and you wanted to fight can you tell us
6_z0spsr0ky-00211-00042808-00042974 some more about that
6_z0spsr0ky-00212-00042975-00043262 well you know if you want to be in it
6_z0spsr0ky-00213-00043263-00043607 you may as well be in it
6_z0spsr0ky-00214-00043608-00043799 but i was going anyway it didn't matter
6_z0spsr0ky-00215-00043800-00043974 whether i wanted to or not that was
6_z0spsr0ky-00216-00043975-00044046 going
6_z0spsr0ky-00217-00044047-00044383 but i was i i had a wife and two
6_z0spsr0ky-00218-00044384-00044439 children
6_z0spsr0ky-00219-00044440-00044687 my first assignment when i uh when i
6_z0spsr0ky-00220-00044688-00044871 came into the army was the 82nd airborne
6_z0spsr0ky-00221-00044872-00045046 division i was in charlie company second
6_z0spsr0ky-00222-00045047-00045287 the 505th airborne
6_z0spsr0ky-00223-00045288-00045558 and uh back in those days i was making
6_z0spsr0ky-00224-00045559-00045662 220
6_z0spsr0ky-00225-00045663-00045974 a month with a wife and two kids
6_z0spsr0ky-00226-00045975-00046199 and uh you got 110 a month for jumping
6_z0spsr0ky-00227-00046200-00046327 out of airplanes you don't have to be a
6_z0spsr0ky-00228-00046328-00046518 cpa to do the math
6_z0spsr0ky-00229-00046519-00046807 that's a 50 increase in salary just for
6_z0spsr0ky-00230-00046808-00046974 jumping out of airplanes and
6_z0spsr0ky-00231-00046975-00047127 you don't have to do anything gravity
6_z0spsr0ky-00232-00047128-00047311 does all the work you know
6_z0spsr0ky-00233-00047312-00047527 well if you went if you went to vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00234-00047528-00047702 you went into combat you got a dollar a
6_z0spsr0ky-00235-00047703-00047735 day
6_z0spsr0ky-00236-00047736-00048039 family separation allowance
6_z0spsr0ky-00237-00048040-00048399 and uh 65 a month combat pay
6_z0spsr0ky-00238-00048400-00048679 that's almost that's very nearly 25
6_z0spsr0ky-00239-00048680-00048855 bucks extra a week
6_z0spsr0ky-00240-00048856-00049127 sign me up for that so i was highly
6_z0spsr0ky-00241-00049128-00049295 motivated because i needed the money but
6_z0spsr0ky-00242-00049296-00049343 i
6_z0spsr0ky-00243-00049344-00049662 but mostly i was a soldier and the place
6_z0spsr0ky-00244-00049663-00049727 for me
6_z0spsr0ky-00245-00049728-00049958 was where where we were fighting and
6_z0spsr0ky-00246-00049959-00050374 that's why i went to vietnam principally
6_z0spsr0ky-00247-00050375-00050599 awesome sir um let's talk about march
6_z0spsr0ky-00248-00050600-00050743 9th 1968
6_z0spsr0ky-00249-00050744-00050927 the day the action took place for which
6_z0spsr0ky-00250-00050928-00051086 you received the medal of honor
6_z0spsr0ky-00251-00051087-00051214 what can you share with our viewers
6_z0spsr0ky-00252-00051215-00051414 about the about the battle and your
6_z0spsr0ky-00253-00051415-00051623 heroic efforts
6_z0spsr0ky-00254-00051624-00051742 well i don't know there was there were
6_z0spsr0ky-00255-00051744-00051975 plenty of heroes on that day well
6_z0spsr0ky-00256-00051976-00052150 the short end of the story is that we
6_z0spsr0ky-00257-00052151-00052311 had been in contact
6_z0spsr0ky-00258-00052312-00052591 with an enemy battalion for the duration
6_z0spsr0ky-00259-00052591-00052830 of the tet offensive in 68
6_z0spsr0ky-00260-00052832-00053238 and then the enemy broke contact
6_z0spsr0ky-00261-00053239-00053415 higher headquarters figured out they
6_z0spsr0ky-00262-00053416-00053726 knew where the enemy had gone to
6_z0spsr0ky-00263-00053727-00053919 and three days later we mounted an
6_z0spsr0ky-00264-00053920-00054038 operation
6_z0spsr0ky-00265-00054039-00054430 uh my battalion uh landed on the north
6_z0spsr0ky-00266-00054432-00054615 side of the mekong river and headed
6_z0spsr0ky-00267-00054616-00054750 north
6_z0spsr0ky-00268-00054751-00054975 a ranger battalion was inserted by
6_z0spsr0ky-00269-00054976-00055166 helicopters
6_z0spsr0ky-00270-00055167-00055487 uh to the east and then moved to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00271-00055488-00055582 west
6_z0spsr0ky-00272-00055583-00055863 perpendicular to our line of movement
6_z0spsr0ky-00273-00055864-00056038 and we were going to converge on where
6_z0spsr0ky-00274-00056039-00056079 the
6_z0spsr0ky-00275-00056079-00056503 headquarters thought the bad guys were
6_z0spsr0ky-00276-00056504-00056966 and uh we landed at dawn at about by 10
6_z0spsr0ky-00277-00056967-00057111 o'clock in the morning
6_z0spsr0ky-00278-00057112-00057359 we had run into an enormous l-shaped
6_z0spsr0ky-00279-00057360-00057471 ambush
6_z0spsr0ky-00280-00057472-00057687 and i found out later on that the enemy
6_z0spsr0ky-00281-00057688-00057887 had had spies in the province chief's
6_z0spsr0ky-00282-00057888-00058087 headquarters so they knew exactly
6_z0spsr0ky-00283-00058088-00058350 they know our whole op plan and on top
6_z0spsr0ky-00284-00058351-00058494 of that
6_z0spsr0ky-00285-00058495-00058711 we should have had scouts out to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00286-00058712-00058935 front and to the flanks and
6_z0spsr0ky-00287-00058936-00059215 for one reason or another they weren't
6_z0spsr0ky-00288-00059216-00059366 and to this day i can't tell you where
6_z0spsr0ky-00289-00059367-00059503 they were but i can tell you where they
6_z0spsr0ky-00290-00059504-00059591 weren't
6_z0spsr0ky-00291-00059591-00059742 they weren't to the front and to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00292-00059744-00060030 flanks because the first guys
6_z0spsr0ky-00293-00060032-00060463 the enemy encountered were me and staff
6_z0spsr0ky-00294-00060464-00060550 sergeant
6_z0spsr0ky-00295-00060551-00060847 ray ramirez and the two companies we
6_z0spsr0ky-00296-00060848-00061038 were with and we walked into a
6_z0spsr0ky-00297-00061039-00061342 huge ambush they let us get within about
6_z0spsr0ky-00298-00061344-00061575 50 meters of their position
6_z0spsr0ky-00299-00061576-00061911 and uh there were more than 200 of them
6_z0spsr0ky-00300-00061912-00062054 and we lost a lot of guys killed and
6_z0spsr0ky-00301-00062055-00062230 wounded in the first 10 seconds of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00302-00062232-00062406 engagement
6_z0spsr0ky-00303-00062407-00062711 um in the end we prevailed and we
6_z0spsr0ky-00304-00062712-00062854 prevailed because there were a lot of
6_z0spsr0ky-00305-00062855-00062991 brave people
6_z0spsr0ky-00306-00062991-00063182 on the battlefield that day but we lost
6_z0spsr0ky-00307-00063183-00063454 a lot of uh lost a lot of soldiers
6_z0spsr0ky-00308-00063455-00063847 um both killed and wounded and uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00309-00063848-00064038 and it was from that standpoint it was a
6_z0spsr0ky-00310-00064039-00064150 very sad day
6_z0spsr0ky-00311-00064151-00064415 i managed to make it out alive uh but
6_z0spsr0ky-00312-00064416-00064638 only just
6_z0spsr0ky-00313-00064639-00064879 yeah to kind of put that in perspective
6_z0spsr0ky-00314-00064879-00065030 uh for our listeners
6_z0spsr0ky-00315-00065032-00065254 uh you were 23 years old when this
6_z0spsr0ky-00316-00065255-00065335 happened
6_z0spsr0ky-00317-00065336-00065647 and so i'm just thinking back to myself
6_z0spsr0ky-00318-00065648-00065935 as a 23 year old and not and and not
6_z0spsr0ky-00319-00065936-00066071 having like the
6_z0spsr0ky-00320-00066072-00066238 mental fortitude but i guess if if
6_z0spsr0ky-00321-00066239-00066391 you're putting in a situation where you
6_z0spsr0ky-00322-00066392-00066471 have to
6_z0spsr0ky-00323-00066472-00066655 a fight or flight then that kind of
6_z0spsr0ky-00324-00066656-00066838 kicks in so can you just
6_z0spsr0ky-00325-00066839-00066982 can you just kind of tell us what went
6_z0spsr0ky-00326-00066983-00067143 through your mind as a young man
6_z0spsr0ky-00327-00067144-00067303 uh when all this stuff was going on and
6_z0spsr0ky-00328-00067304-00067455 what kind of kept you going
6_z0spsr0ky-00329-00067456-00067638 well it's an interesting question chief
6_z0spsr0ky-00330-00067639-00067863 because he talks a lot about
6_z0spsr0ky-00331-00067864-00068015 i know a preaching that converted
6_z0spsr0ky-00332-00068016-00068231 because everybody listening is uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00333-00068232-00068535 is in uniform or has been in uniform
6_z0spsr0ky-00334-00068536-00068679 when you when you're with a bunch of
6_z0spsr0ky-00335-00068680-00068855 people
6_z0spsr0ky-00336-00068856-00069063 who they depend on you and you depend on
6_z0spsr0ky-00337-00069064-00069238 them
6_z0spsr0ky-00338-00069239-00069431 there there's a medal of honor recipient
6_z0spsr0ky-00339-00069432-00069647 now deceased named nikki bacon from
6_z0spsr0ky-00340-00069648-00070063 from the war in vietnam who says that
6_z0spsr0ky-00341-00070064-00070255 who said at the time he didn't didn't
6_z0spsr0ky-00342-00070256-00070447 wear the medal for himself he wore it
6_z0spsr0ky-00343-00070448-00070663 for all those who can't
6_z0spsr0ky-00344-00070664-00070903 uh we were all in it together and my
6_z0spsr0ky-00345-00070904-00071015 perception was
6_z0spsr0ky-00346-00071016-00071350 i had a bad head wound but my perception
6_z0spsr0ky-00347-00071351-00071494 was that
6_z0spsr0ky-00348-00071495-00071759 i was the only guy who could do anything
6_z0spsr0ky-00349-00071760-00071919 and if and if somebody didn't do
6_z0spsr0ky-00350-00071920-00072079 something i mean this is a genuine
6_z0spsr0ky-00351-00072080-00072223 crisis situation
6_z0spsr0ky-00352-00072224-00072423 then we were nobody was gonna make it
6_z0spsr0ky-00353-00072424-00072599 out and we would not prevail
6_z0spsr0ky-00354-00072600-00072991 against the enemy um there's an old uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00355-00072992-00073223 first century hebrew scholar who said it
6_z0spsr0ky-00356-00073224-00073359 really well
6_z0spsr0ky-00357-00073360-00073679 uh hillel who said if not you
6_z0spsr0ky-00358-00073680-00074006 who and if not now when
6_z0spsr0ky-00359-00074007-00074255 uh other medal of honor recipients and
6_z0spsr0ky-00360-00074256-00074319 not just
6_z0spsr0ky-00361-00074320-00074462 medal of honor recipients but anybody
6_z0spsr0ky-00362-00074463-00074679 who spent any time in combat
6_z0spsr0ky-00363-00074680-00075031 will tell you the same thing whatever
6_z0spsr0ky-00364-00075032-00075447 i did i did at least partially because
6_z0spsr0ky-00365-00075448-00075526 if the
6_z0spsr0ky-00366-00075527-00075831 situation were reversed my buddies would
6_z0spsr0ky-00367-00075832-00075919 do it for me
6_z0spsr0ky-00368-00075920-00076094 i mean absolutely it was bench i think
6_z0spsr0ky-00369-00076095-00076279 was benjamin franklin who just before
6_z0spsr0ky-00370-00076280-00076431 the revolution
6_z0spsr0ky-00371-00076432-00076719 either wrote or said we either hang
6_z0spsr0ky-00372-00076720-00076926 together or we will surely hang
6_z0spsr0ky-00373-00076927-00077262 separately that's something you'll learn
6_z0spsr0ky-00374-00077263-00077438 as a young soldier
6_z0spsr0ky-00375-00077439-00077662 sailor airman marine coast guardsman and
6_z0spsr0ky-00376-00077663-00077806 it never leaves you
6_z0spsr0ky-00377-00077807-00078055 yeah now they they invite they beat the
6_z0spsr0ky-00378-00078056-00078111 team
6_z0spsr0ky-00379-00078112-00078494 aspect of you know watching my six or
6_z0spsr0ky-00380-00078495-00078806 or just whatever your job is you're
6_z0spsr0ky-00381-00078807-00079015 part of a team and and everybody on that
6_z0spsr0ky-00382-00079016-00079199 team depends on each other to be
6_z0spsr0ky-00383-00079200-00079294 successful
6_z0spsr0ky-00384-00079295-00079494 and so uh whether you're in combat or
6_z0spsr0ky-00385-00079495-00079631 you're freaking in finance
6_z0spsr0ky-00386-00079632-00079806 like there's there's just there's
6_z0spsr0ky-00387-00079807-00080103 correlations to this team construct that
6_z0spsr0ky-00388-00080104-00080343 that we we just embody in the military
6_z0spsr0ky-00389-00080344-00080623 and i love it absolutely
6_z0spsr0ky-00390-00080624-00080815 so sir you received the medal of honor
6_z0spsr0ky-00391-00080816-00081011 on october 9th
6_z0spsr0ky-00392-00081012-00081279 1969 from president nixon
6_z0spsr0ky-00393-00081280-00081503 what do you remember about that day and
6_z0spsr0ky-00394-00081504-00081687 that ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00395-00081688-00081855 well it's an interesting question i
6_z0spsr0ky-00396-00081856-00082103 there i don't remember much about
6_z0spsr0ky-00397-00082104-00082215 ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00398-00082216-00082606 actually and i i
6_z0spsr0ky-00399-00082607-00082847 and i'll tell you why so we were in the
6_z0spsr0ky-00400-00082848-00083006 there were four of us from the army who
6_z0spsr0ky-00401-00083007-00083143 were getting decorated in the same
6_z0spsr0ky-00402-00083144-00083238 ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00403-00083239-00083535 but for different actions and so we were
6_z0spsr0ky-00404-00083536-00083687 in the oval office and then we were in
6_z0spsr0ky-00405-00083688-00083879 the east room
6_z0spsr0ky-00406-00083880-00084238 with um with guests and families
6_z0spsr0ky-00407-00084239-00084438 drinking bad coffee and eating stale
6_z0spsr0ky-00408-00084439-00084606 donuts and all that
6_z0spsr0ky-00409-00084607-00084926 um and then we moved out to the to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00410-00084927-00085118 rose garden where the ceremony was to
6_z0spsr0ky-00411-00085119-00085350 take place
6_z0spsr0ky-00412-00085351-00085575 and the thing i remember most about the
6_z0spsr0ky-00413-00085576-00085703 ceremony was coming
6_z0spsr0ky-00414-00085704-00086015 out of the white house and marching up
6_z0spsr0ky-00415-00086016-00086406 onto the platform where we were located
6_z0spsr0ky-00416-00086407-00086550 there was the president secretary
6_z0spsr0ky-00417-00086551-00086711 defense secretary of
6_z0spsr0ky-00418-00086712-00087062 uh the army the president's
6_z0spsr0ky-00419-00087063-00087375 army aide uh colonel coffee
6_z0spsr0ky-00420-00087376-00087718 and we mounted the podium
6_z0spsr0ky-00421-00087719-00087918 and the thing that struck me then and
6_z0spsr0ky-00422-00087919-00088103 still strikes me today
6_z0spsr0ky-00423-00088104-00088423 was the sea of people in in front of us
6_z0spsr0ky-00424-00088424-00088735 it was a glorious day uh in october
6_z0spsr0ky-00425-00088736-00089023 sunny and all that and they had opened
6_z0spsr0ky-00426-00089024-00089206 up the white house grounds to anybody
6_z0spsr0ky-00427-00089207-00089350 who wanted to come and see the ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00428-00089351-00089575 they gave the government off
6_z0spsr0ky-00429-00089576-00089911 so they could come in
6_z0spsr0ky-00430-00089912-00090271 pastors by homeless people anybody
6_z0spsr0ky-00431-00090272-00090447 could come onto the white house grounds
6_z0spsr0ky-00432-00090448-00090679 and watch the ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00433-00090680-00090855 and that's it i mean things have crazed
6_z0spsr0ky-00434-00090856-00090982 now you can't
6_z0spsr0ky-00435-00090983-00091303 go anywhere near but back in those you
6_z0spsr0ky-00436-00091304-00091359 could
6_z0spsr0ky-00437-00091360-00091575 i mean and and that's what struck me the
6_z0spsr0ky-00438-00091576-00091687 most to see
6_z0spsr0ky-00439-00091688-00091831 there were people as far as you could
6_z0spsr0ky-00440-00091832-00092055 see uh and the sea of people and that
6_z0spsr0ky-00441-00092056-00092215 stuck in my mind to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00442-00092216-00092391 until today that's the thing i remember
6_z0spsr0ky-00443-00092392-00092606 most about the ceremony
6_z0spsr0ky-00444-00092607-00092775 i love that that must have meant so much
6_z0spsr0ky-00445-00092776-00092918 to you just to see
6_z0spsr0ky-00446-00092919-00093231 a sea of people wall-to-wall um
6_z0spsr0ky-00447-00093232-00093415 out the gates i i love that that happens
6_z0spsr0ky-00448-00093416-00093582 for you i'll tell you another anecdote
6_z0spsr0ky-00449-00093583-00093711 related today we're in the
6_z0spsr0ky-00450-00093712-00093999 in the the oval office and president
6_z0spsr0ky-00451-00094000-00094159 nixon says to me
6_z0spsr0ky-00452-00094160-00094462 he says uh are you nervous son and i
6_z0spsr0ky-00453-00094463-00094582 said no sir i'm not
6_z0spsr0ky-00454-00094583-00094911 he said well i am
6_z0spsr0ky-00455-00094912-00095111 he had the nixon bead of sweat on his
6_z0spsr0ky-00456-00095112-00095255 upper lip
6_z0spsr0ky-00457-00095256-00095767 that's a trip absolutely true
6_z0spsr0ky-00458-00095768-00096031 wow sir um that's amazing so after
6_z0spsr0ky-00459-00096032-00096191 receiving the medal of honor um
6_z0spsr0ky-00460-00096192-00096399 how did life change for you you continue
6_z0spsr0ky-00461-00096400-00096550 to serve in the military and the army
6_z0spsr0ky-00462-00096551-00096718 and then even back to vietnam vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00463-00096719-00096855 correct
6_z0spsr0ky-00464-00096856-00097031 yeah sergeant major it's uh let me tell
6_z0spsr0ky-00465-00097032-00097191 you a story about that that relates to
6_z0spsr0ky-00466-00097192-00097223 that
6_z0spsr0ky-00467-00097224-00097526 it relates to the whole notion of being
6_z0spsr0ky-00468-00097527-00097879 in uniform the uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00469-00097880-00098047 we used to medal of honor recipients
6_z0spsr0ky-00470-00098048-00098262 used to get together every other year
6_z0spsr0ky-00471-00098263-00098455 there were almost 400 living recipients
6_z0spsr0ky-00472-00098456-00098599 when i was decorated there was still a
6_z0spsr0ky-00473-00098600-00098759 living recipient from the boxer
6_z0spsr0ky-00474-00098760-00098847 rebellion
6_z0spsr0ky-00475-00098848-00099182 a guy named bill seach who conducted a
6_z0spsr0ky-00476-00099183-00099423 bayonet charge on the citadel
6_z0spsr0ky-00477-00099424-00099815 in beijing in 1900 he was still alive
6_z0spsr0ky-00478-00099816-00099950 there were a bunch of world war one
6_z0spsr0ky-00479-00099951-00100167 recipients and so on so i was at a
6_z0spsr0ky-00480-00100168-00100335 dinner one time
6_z0spsr0ky-00481-00100336-00100518 shortly after i was decorated and there
6_z0spsr0ky-00482-00100519-00100703 must have been 350 medal of honor
6_z0spsr0ky-00483-00100704-00100782 recipients
6_z0spsr0ky-00484-00100783-00101079 there uh of course there are only 69 of
6_z0spsr0ky-00485-00101080-00101143 us
6_z0spsr0ky-00486-00101144-00101582 left now um and when the dinner was over
6_z0spsr0ky-00487-00101583-00101974 jimmy doolittle came over to me
6_z0spsr0ky-00488-00101975-00102182 and if you don't know who jimmy deluded
6_z0spsr0ky-00489-00102183-00102343 was you got to look it up
6_z0spsr0ky-00490-00102344-00102718 uh he conducted the little the raid on
6_z0spsr0ky-00491-00102719-00102790 tokyo
6_z0spsr0ky-00492-00102791-00103063 in early 42 to demonstrate to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00493-00103064-00103271 japanese that we were coming back
6_z0spsr0ky-00494-00103272-00103478 and it was a one-way suicide mission you
6_z0spsr0ky-00495-00103479-00103694 know anyway he was uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00496-00103695-00103847 he had received the medal of honor as a
6_z0spsr0ky-00497-00103848-00104102 lieutenant colonel for leading this
6_z0spsr0ky-00498-00104103-00104263 when i saw him he was a retired
6_z0spsr0ky-00499-00104264-00104478 three-star general right
6_z0spsr0ky-00500-00104479-00104694 so here's jimmy i mean jimmy doolittle
6_z0spsr0ky-00501-00104695-00104839 household name
6_z0spsr0ky-00502-00104840-00105047 world war ii hero and so on he comes up
6_z0spsr0ky-00503-00105048-00105271 to me at the end of the dinner puts his
6_z0spsr0ky-00504-00105272-00105431 arm around my shoulder
6_z0spsr0ky-00505-00105432-00105671 takes me into the corner of the ballroom
6_z0spsr0ky-00506-00105672-00105863 and he says
6_z0spsr0ky-00507-00105864-00106047 young man let me tell you something you
6_z0spsr0ky-00508-00106048-00106263 no longer jack jacobs you're jack jacobs
6_z0spsr0ky-00509-00106264-00106407 medal of honor recipient
6_z0spsr0ky-00510-00106408-00106663 and you better act accordingly do you
6_z0spsr0ky-00511-00106664-00106847 understand what i'm telling you young
6_z0spsr0ky-00512-00106848-00106910 man
6_z0spsr0ky-00513-00106911-00107431 i said yes sir i sure did
6_z0spsr0ky-00514-00107432-00107743 so so to say that my life has changed
6_z0spsr0ky-00515-00107744-00108102 is um is an understatement i realized
6_z0spsr0ky-00516-00108103-00108134 like
6_z0spsr0ky-00517-00108135-00108390 nikki bacon said that i don't wear it
6_z0spsr0ky-00518-00108391-00108607 for myself i wear it for all those who
6_z0spsr0ky-00519-00108608-00108686 can't
6_z0spsr0ky-00520-00108688-00108983 um and i represent everybody in uniform
6_z0spsr0ky-00521-00108983-00109039 think about
6_z0spsr0ky-00522-00109040-00109302 all the people fought in combat in the
6_z0spsr0ky-00523-00109303-00109575 last 245 years in this country
6_z0spsr0ky-00524-00109576-00109823 and and who performed valiantly on the
6_z0spsr0ky-00525-00109824-00109990 battlefield
6_z0spsr0ky-00526-00109991-00110263 and nobody saw it or how about if people
6_z0spsr0ky-00527-00110264-00110319 saw
6_z0spsr0ky-00528-00110320-00110471 they themselves were killed there were
6_z0spsr0ky-00529-00110472-00110671 no witnesses or
6_z0spsr0ky-00530-00110672-00110951 as has happened many many times they
6_z0spsr0ky-00531-00110952-00111183 wrote it all up but either accidentally
6_z0spsr0ky-00532-00111183-00111295 or in some cases
6_z0spsr0ky-00533-00111296-00111623 on purpose the paperwork was lost um
6_z0spsr0ky-00534-00111624-00111966 and you realize that you
6_z0spsr0ky-00535-00111967-00112271 your life changes because you're not
6_z0spsr0ky-00536-00112272-00112519 you're not you anymore you represent all
6_z0spsr0ky-00537-00112520-00112719 those brave young men and women
6_z0spsr0ky-00538-00112720-00113007 who defended the country then and are
6_z0spsr0ky-00539-00113008-00113047 still
6_z0spsr0ky-00540-00113048-00113375 defending it today awesome sir
6_z0spsr0ky-00541-00113376-00113686 that's amazing so you
6_z0spsr0ky-00542-00113688-00113975 you touched on this uh this phrase um
6_z0spsr0ky-00543-00113976-00114023 this
6_z0spsr0ky-00544-00114024-00114327 uh proverb the if not now
6_z0spsr0ky-00545-00114328-00114551 when and i know that's the name to the
6_z0spsr0ky-00546-00114552-00114695 title of your memoir
6_z0spsr0ky-00547-00114696-00115095 uh but what does that phrase mean to you
6_z0spsr0ky-00548-00115096-00115310 you know we sometimes overuse the term
6_z0spsr0ky-00549-00115311-00115471 crisis you know if you're working for
6_z0spsr0ky-00550-00115472-00115831 somebody as i have from time to time
6_z0spsr0ky-00551-00115832-00115966 especially since i got out of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00552-00115967-00116271 service i was in the banking business
6_z0spsr0ky-00553-00116272-00116302 and
6_z0spsr0ky-00554-00116303-00116478 done a lot of other things since then
6_z0spsr0ky-00555-00116479-00116623 when you work for people who says that
6_z0spsr0ky-00556-00116624-00116710 everything's a cri
6_z0spsr0ky-00557-00116711-00116895 every time you see this person he says
6_z0spsr0ky-00558-00116896-00117015 hey
6_z0spsr0ky-00559-00117016-00117302 this is a crisis well listen if if
6_z0spsr0ky-00560-00117303-00117478 everything's a crisis then nothing's a
6_z0spsr0ky-00561-00117479-00117551 crisis
6_z0spsr0ky-00562-00117552-00117854 absolutely i mean i think one of the one
6_z0spsr0ky-00563-00117855-00117943 of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00564-00117944-00118247 the the characteristics of a really good
6_z0spsr0ky-00565-00118248-00118295 leader
6_z0spsr0ky-00566-00118296-00118623 is the capability to distinguish between
6_z0spsr0ky-00567-00118624-00118871 situations that are real crises and
6_z0spsr0ky-00568-00118872-00119039 situations that are just lousy
6_z0spsr0ky-00569-00119040-00119183 i mean there's a big difference between
6_z0spsr0ky-00570-00119183-00119399 the two because if you start throwing
6_z0spsr0ky-00571-00119400-00119566 your resources out
6_z0spsr0ky-00572-00119567-00119902 when it's not a crisis when there is a
6_z0spsr0ky-00573-00119903-00120031 crisis you're not going to have any
6_z0spsr0ky-00574-00120032-00120143 resources left
6_z0spsr0ky-00575-00120144-00120334 so you got to be very very careful about
6_z0spsr0ky-00576-00120335-00120519 what a crisis is a very
6_z0spsr0ky-00577-00120520-00120734 particular kind of thing things are
6_z0spsr0ky-00578-00120735-00120847 really bad
6_z0spsr0ky-00579-00120848-00121119 they're getting worse something's got to
6_z0spsr0ky-00580-00121120-00121207 be done
6_z0spsr0ky-00581-00121208-00121390 it's got to be done right now and if
6_z0spsr0ky-00582-00121391-00121534 it's not done right now
6_z0spsr0ky-00583-00121535-00121758 everything's going down the tubes there
6_z0spsr0ky-00584-00121759-00121951 are very few situations that are like
6_z0spsr0ky-00585-00121952-00122119 that
6_z0spsr0ky-00586-00122120-00122343 but i think you can identify them when
6_z0spsr0ky-00587-00122344-00122478 you're in the middle of them
6_z0spsr0ky-00588-00122479-00122814 and most of those occur in my experience
6_z0spsr0ky-00589-00122815-00123047 all of them like that have occurred in
6_z0spsr0ky-00590-00123048-00123214 combat
6_z0spsr0ky-00591-00123215-00123463 you you got to be able to say to
6_z0spsr0ky-00592-00123464-00123678 yourself you know
6_z0spsr0ky-00593-00123679-00123927 at the end of the day this is bad news
6_z0spsr0ky-00594-00123928-00124175 and it really doesn't matter
6_z0spsr0ky-00595-00124176-00124447 uh what what really matters in my
6_z0spsr0ky-00596-00124448-00124583 buddies
6_z0spsr0ky-00597-00124583-00124751 and and i think that's what motivates
6_z0spsr0ky-00598-00124752-00124934 people to do the right thing
6_z0spsr0ky-00599-00124935-00125278 when the time comes absolutely sir
6_z0spsr0ky-00600-00125279-00125551 absolutely so sir um what do you want
6_z0spsr0ky-00601-00125552-00125743 today's men and women in uniform to know
6_z0spsr0ky-00602-00125744-00125951 about a life of service
6_z0spsr0ky-00603-00125952-00126207 well that's an interesting question too
6_z0spsr0ky-00604-00126208-00126351 you know when i came in the army we had
6_z0spsr0ky-00605-00126352-00126439 a draft
6_z0spsr0ky-00606-00126440-00126734 um you we had lots of people who were
6_z0spsr0ky-00607-00126735-00126807 dragoon
6_z0spsr0ky-00608-00126808-00127063 kicking and screaming into the service
6_z0spsr0ky-00609-00127064-00127158 in vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00610-00127159-00127471 and yet i'm telling you their reaction
6_z0spsr0ky-00611-00127472-00127678 today when they're 70 to 80 years old is
6_z0spsr0ky-00612-00127679-00127854 just like my father's reaction when he
6_z0spsr0ky-00613-00127855-00127958 was the same age
6_z0spsr0ky-00614-00127959-00128158 about his service how very they're all
6_z0spsr0ky-00615-00128159-00128343 very pr even though they were dragged
6_z0spsr0ky-00616-00128344-00128486 into the service they're very proud of
6_z0spsr0ky-00617-00128488-00128695 having served
6_z0spsr0ky-00618-00128696-00129014 now we've decided to basically outsource
6_z0spsr0ky-00619-00129015-00129190 the defense of the republic to a very
6_z0spsr0ky-00620-00129191-00129278 small
6_z0spsr0ky-00621-00129279-00129471 uh number of young men and women who are
6_z0spsr0ky-00622-00129472-00129719 willing to defend the other 330 million
6_z0spsr0ky-00623-00129720-00129807 of us
6_z0spsr0ky-00624-00129808-00130039 and i think people in uniform now who
6_z0spsr0ky-00625-00130040-00130278 are standing watch
6_z0spsr0ky-00626-00130279-00130623 for whom it's 3 30 in the morning
6_z0spsr0ky-00627-00130624-00130902 you know wherever they are know that
6_z0spsr0ky-00628-00130903-00131054 there are people
6_z0spsr0ky-00629-00131055-00131247 there two things first of all that there
6_z0spsr0ky-00630-00131248-00131407 are people who love them
6_z0spsr0ky-00631-00131408-00131623 and know what they're doing for all of
6_z0spsr0ky-00632-00131624-00131871 us and second even if they
6_z0spsr0ky-00633-00131872-00132247 didn't don't say thank you
6_z0spsr0ky-00634-00132248-00132383 you know most americans don't know
6_z0spsr0ky-00635-00132384-00132583 anybody in uniform
6_z0spsr0ky-00636-00132584-00132943 even if they don't ever encounter you uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00637-00132944-00133166 you're you're doing something that will
6_z0spsr0ky-00638-00133167-00133407 stand the test of the ages
6_z0spsr0ky-00639-00133408-00133727 you're doing you're keeping us free and
6_z0spsr0ky-00640-00133728-00134078 you're keeping faith with the 20 million
6_z0spsr0ky-00641-00134079-00134343 people who came before you in uniform
6_z0spsr0ky-00642-00134344-00134559 many of whom didn't come home
6_z0spsr0ky-00643-00134560-00134743 uh you're keeping faith with them by
6_z0spsr0ky-00644-00134744-00135007 doing what you're doing
6_z0spsr0ky-00645-00135008-00135287 man that's that's a that's great great
6_z0spsr0ky-00646-00135288-00135335 advice
6_z0spsr0ky-00647-00135336-00135559 um and you know me being here the
6_z0spsr0ky-00648-00135560-00135671 exchange i
6_z0spsr0ky-00649-00135672-00135895 i g this is a primarily civilian
6_z0spsr0ky-00650-00135896-00136111 organization but it's a part of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00651-00136112-00136327 department of defense but uh it's i'm so
6_z0spsr0ky-00652-00136328-00136502 amazed by the civilians that are
6_z0spsr0ky-00653-00136503-00136711 willing to serve our service members
6_z0spsr0ky-00654-00136712-00136895 because our exchange associates they
6_z0spsr0ky-00655-00136896-00136975 deploy
6_z0spsr0ky-00656-00136976-00137119 and they go down range and they they
6_z0spsr0ky-00657-00137120-00137383 want to make sure that uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00658-00137384-00137502 the service member gets a little piece
6_z0spsr0ky-00659-00137503-00137711 of home no matter where they go so yeah
6_z0spsr0ky-00660-00137712-00137895 most people don't realize that for every
6_z0spsr0ky-00661-00137896-00138014 service member
6_z0spsr0ky-00662-00138015-00138271 there's a family of a service member
6_z0spsr0ky-00663-00138272-00138471 there's there are civilians who support
6_z0spsr0ky-00664-00138472-00138519 them
6_z0spsr0ky-00665-00138520-00138727 uh we forget that sometimes and you're
6_z0spsr0ky-00666-00138728-00138975 absolutely right we got to remember that
6_z0spsr0ky-00667-00138976-00139183 absolutely so i just wanted to know if
6_z0spsr0ky-00668-00139184-00139343 you wanted to give some words to all the
6_z0spsr0ky-00669-00139344-00139454 americans uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00670-00139455-00139783 that to all americans to know about
6_z0spsr0ky-00671-00139784-00140007 serving others and protecting freedoms
6_z0spsr0ky-00672-00140008-00140151 because you you made a good point
6_z0spsr0ky-00673-00140152-00140343 you feel like everybody in a free
6_z0spsr0ky-00674-00140344-00140566 country should should serve in some
6_z0spsr0ky-00675-00140567-00140814 form or capacity yeah you're looking at
6_z0spsr0ky-00676-00140815-00140951 somebody who believes in universal
6_z0spsr0ky-00677-00140952-00141007 service
6_z0spsr0ky-00678-00141008-00141647 so we don't have time to talk about
6_z0spsr0ky-00679-00141648-00141790 i don't know if we have we didn't we
6_z0spsr0ky-00680-00141791-00141983 have the political will to do that but
6_z0spsr0ky-00681-00141984-00142207 but i i think you got to be motivated
6_z0spsr0ky-00682-00142208-00142359 enough about freedom to
6_z0spsr0ky-00683-00142360-00142639 to to maintain it and serve it but all
6_z0spsr0ky-00684-00142640-00142783 that notwithstanding i
6_z0spsr0ky-00685-00142784-00143078 i was i can't remember when it was i was
6_z0spsr0ky-00686-00143079-00143366 getting interviewed by somebody
6_z0spsr0ky-00687-00143367-00143719 either on television or for a newspaper
6_z0spsr0ky-00688-00143720-00144031 and asked me in conjunction with the
6_z0spsr0ky-00689-00144032-00144283 medal of honor and all the rest of that
6_z0spsr0ky-00690-00144284-00144566 stuff
6_z0spsr0ky-00691-00144567-00144847 was that the proudest thing i'd ever
6_z0spsr0ky-00692-00144848-00145054 done and i said no
6_z0spsr0ky-00693-00145055-00145471 no the proud i am most proud
6_z0spsr0ky-00694-00145472-00145799 of just having worn the uniform that's
6_z0spsr0ky-00695-00145800-00145959 the thing i'm most proud about
6_z0spsr0ky-00696-00145960-00146278 i'm proudest about and
6_z0spsr0ky-00697-00146279-00146566 i believe that when i put the uniform on
6_z0spsr0ky-00698-00146567-00146735 and i'm going to believe it till the day
6_z0spsr0ky-00699-00146736-00147071 i die
6_z0spsr0ky-00700-00147072-00147375 so sir we would love to know what after
6_z0spsr0ky-00701-00147376-00147431 your
6_z0spsr0ky-00702-00147432-00147647 you were had a great army career a more
6_z0spsr0ky-00703-00147648-00147847 than great army career
6_z0spsr0ky-00704-00147848-00148078 you what are you doing now uh what how
6_z0spsr0ky-00705-00148079-00148231 do you spend your time
6_z0spsr0ky-00706-00148232-00148399 where what's what's life like for you
6_z0spsr0ky-00707-00148400-00148687 now well i mean it's very fragmented so
6_z0spsr0ky-00708-00148688-00149007 i came out of the army i i i worked on
6_z0spsr0ky-00709-00149008-00149126 wall street
6_z0spsr0ky-00710-00149127-00149407 a guy who had been in the marines uh had
6_z0spsr0ky-00711-00149408-00149599 his own company on wall street and came
6_z0spsr0ky-00712-00149600-00149711 up to me at a
6_z0spsr0ky-00713-00149712-00150031 at a party one time and said you know
6_z0spsr0ky-00714-00150032-00150166 you ought to retire from the army come
6_z0spsr0ky-00715-00150167-00150278 to work for me
6_z0spsr0ky-00716-00150279-00150463 and and i'll pay you to learn the bond
6_z0spsr0ky-00717-00150464-00150590 business
6_z0spsr0ky-00718-00150591-00150751 when i got home my wife asked me about
6_z0spsr0ky-00719-00150752-00150919 the party and
6_z0spsr0ky-00720-00150920-00151071 and i told her and she said what's the
6_z0spsr0ky-00721-00151072-00151687 bond business i said no idea whatsoever
6_z0spsr0ky-00722-00151688-00151847 and the reason the guy hired me is
6_z0spsr0ky-00723-00151848-00152039 because he'd been in the marines
6_z0spsr0ky-00724-00152040-00152287 and he knew what veterans are capable of
6_z0spsr0ky-00725-00152288-00152454 doing
6_z0spsr0ky-00726-00152455-00152695 most veterans themselves don't realize
6_z0spsr0ky-00727-00152696-00152831 that they've had more authority and
6_z0spsr0ky-00728-00152832-00153047 responsibility at an early age than the
6_z0spsr0ky-00729-00153048-00153126 people who were
6_z0spsr0ky-00730-00153127-00153383 even thinking about hiring a man think
6_z0spsr0ky-00731-00153384-00153551 think about an aircraft carrier for
6_z0spsr0ky-00732-00153552-00153735 example i did a package for nbc nightly
6_z0spsr0ky-00733-00153736-00153895 news a couple of years ago
6_z0spsr0ky-00734-00153896-00154111 and shot it above the aircraft on an
6_z0spsr0ky-00735-00154112-00154247 aircraft carrier
6_z0spsr0ky-00736-00154248-00154575 and my pitch was you've got 80 trillion
6_z0spsr0ky-00737-00154576-00154783 dollars worth of equipment run by 19 20
6_z0spsr0ky-00738-00154784-00154911 year old kids
6_z0spsr0ky-00739-00154912-00155126 i mean where in civilian life are you
6_z0spsr0ky-00740-00155127-00155271 going to get that kind of authority and
6_z0spsr0ky-00741-00155272-00155399 responsibility
6_z0spsr0ky-00742-00155400-00155847 um so that's the thing
6_z0spsr0ky-00743-00155848-00156078 thinking about that motivates me and
6_z0spsr0ky-00744-00156079-00156247 gives me uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00745-00156248-00156454 it gives me a great deal of optimism
6_z0spsr0ky-00746-00156455-00156583 about the future if
6_z0spsr0ky-00747-00156584-00156919 if we're gonna be able to rely on the
6_z0spsr0ky-00748-00156920-00157151 people who are in uniform uh then we're
6_z0spsr0ky-00749-00157152-00157359 going to be in pretty good shape indeed
6_z0spsr0ky-00750-00157360-00157631 um i'm sorry to digress but i wanted to
6_z0spsr0ky-00751-00157632-00157783 get that in i
6_z0spsr0ky-00752-00157784-00158102 no you're good i'm i'm
6_z0spsr0ky-00753-00158103-00158335 i'm happy we're where we're going did we
6_z0spsr0ky-00754-00158336-00158487 get and get
6_z0spsr0ky-00755-00158488-00158831 as these young people mature and take on
6_z0spsr0ky-00756-00158832-00159166 more and more responsibility uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00757-00159167-00159343 we're going to be in good hands the
6_z0spsr0ky-00758-00159344-00159519 other thing i'm you know i'm involved in
6_z0spsr0ky-00759-00159520-00159623 a lot of charities
6_z0spsr0ky-00760-00159624-00159847 i helped to raise money for the children
6_z0spsr0ky-00761-00159848-00160054 fallen patriots foundation which raises
6_z0spsr0ky-00762-00160055-00160207 money to send to college
6_z0spsr0ky-00763-00160208-00160535 uh kids of uh people who are kia
6_z0spsr0ky-00764-00160536-00160847 um i'm involved in some i'm on the board
6_z0spsr0ky-00765-00160848-00161183 of the uso in new york
6_z0spsr0ky-00766-00161184-00161607 and uh i do some television for my sends
6_z0spsr0ky-00767-00161608-00161935 from time to time and i teach i teach
6_z0spsr0ky-00768-00161936-00162175 i teach at west point i teach cadets
6_z0spsr0ky-00769-00162176-00162399 money and banking
6_z0spsr0ky-00770-00162400-00162614 and mass media and american politics
6_z0spsr0ky-00771-00162615-00162702 although i do it
6_z0spsr0ky-00772-00162703-00162847 you know virtually which is very
6_z0spsr0ky-00773-00162848-00163063 frustrating i think for everybody
6_z0spsr0ky-00774-00163064-00163399 um it's uh but it keeps it
6_z0spsr0ky-00775-00163400-00163678 it keeps my to the extent that i've got
6_z0spsr0ky-00776-00163679-00163847 i've still got some brain cells
6_z0spsr0ky-00777-00163848-00164031 operating it keeps them keeps them
6_z0spsr0ky-00778-00164032-00164199 operating keeps them working
6_z0spsr0ky-00779-00164200-00164471 so i i i stay busy i do a lot of
6_z0spsr0ky-00780-00164472-00164631 charitable stuff and it makes me feel
6_z0spsr0ky-00781-00164632-00164702 good
6_z0spsr0ky-00782-00164703-00164926 well it's funny that you say that you
6_z0spsr0ky-00783-00164927-00165159 walked from a party and said i have no
6_z0spsr0ky-00784-00165160-00165231 idea
6_z0spsr0ky-00785-00165232-00165447 about bonds whatsoever and now you're
6_z0spsr0ky-00786-00165448-00165614 teaching it to women
6_z0spsr0ky-00787-00165615-00165790 well and i never took an economics
6_z0spsr0ky-00788-00165791-00165966 course and what this guy knew
6_z0spsr0ky-00789-00165967-00166119 because like i said he'd been in service
6_z0spsr0ky-00790-00166120-00166326 he'd been in the service he knew
6_z0spsr0ky-00791-00166327-00166702 that if you got a service member
6_z0spsr0ky-00792-00166703-00166919 if you got somebody who was a veteran it
6_z0spsr0ky-00793-00166920-00167054 didn't matter whether he knew something
6_z0spsr0ky-00794-00167055-00167175 about it or not
6_z0spsr0ky-00795-00167176-00167519 you gave him a mission he helped him get
6_z0spsr0ky-00796-00167520-00167678 it done better he was going to find out
6_z0spsr0ky-00797-00167679-00167807 how to do it man
6_z0spsr0ky-00798-00167808-00168063 and was going to get it done and more
6_z0spsr0ky-00799-00168064-00168231 efficiently than anybody else
6_z0spsr0ky-00800-00168232-00168502 i mean i talked no offense because there
6_z0spsr0ky-00801-00168503-00168623 were no civilians who were not
6_z0spsr0ky-00802-00168624-00168783 associated with the military here but
6_z0spsr0ky-00803-00168784-00168847 you
6_z0spsr0ky-00804-00168848-00169095 i encountered plenty of civilians who
6_z0spsr0ky-00805-00169096-00169254 never wore the uniform had nothing to do
6_z0spsr0ky-00806-00169255-00169366 with the military
6_z0spsr0ky-00807-00169367-00169502 not a service member's family or
6_z0spsr0ky-00808-00169503-00169695 anything like that and did you you gotta
6_z0spsr0ky-00809-00169696-00169895 you gotta explain to him everything from
6_z0spsr0ky-00810-00169896-00169999 a to z
6_z0spsr0ky-00811-00170000-00170383 in my new detail you talk to a
6_z0spsr0ky-00812-00170384-00170583 service member for former service member
6_z0spsr0ky-00813-00170584-00170766 and say i know you don't know anything
6_z0spsr0ky-00814-00170767-00171135 about this but here it is
6_z0spsr0ky-00815-00171136-00171335 he or she'll figure it out man yeah get
6_z0spsr0ky-00816-00171336-00171614 it he'll get it done
6_z0spsr0ky-00817-00171615-00171831 so sir i wanted to share some comments
6_z0spsr0ky-00818-00171832-00171951 that are coming in
6_z0spsr0ky-00819-00171952-00172326 on our live facebook feed mark terry
6_z0spsr0ky-00820-00172327-00172438 from new hampshire
6_z0spsr0ky-00821-00172439-00172719 said he's a lieutenant colonel retired
6_z0spsr0ky-00822-00172720-00172863 he said former lt
6_z0spsr0ky-00823-00172864-00173078 who served with colonel jacobs great
6_z0spsr0ky-00824-00173079-00173183 leader and
6_z0spsr0ky-00825-00173184-00173543 italian commander who taught me so much
6_z0spsr0ky-00826-00173544-00173878 so you have a fan out there in hindi
6_z0spsr0ky-00827-00173879-00174054 he's got to be old he's going back to
6_z0spsr0ky-00828-00174055-00174631 like 1980
6_z0spsr0ky-00829-00174632-00174887 so well you you heard it there um and
6_z0spsr0ky-00830-00174888-00175119 then scott mastery colonel masquery is
6_z0spsr0ky-00831-00175120-00175263 our senior enlisted
6_z0spsr0ky-00832-00175264-00175478 advisor i'm sorry he is the commander of
6_z0spsr0ky-00833-00175479-00175743 our pacific region for the army and air
6_z0spsr0ky-00834-00175744-00175911 force exchange service colonel massacre
6_z0spsr0ky-00835-00175912-00176111 says colonel jacobs thank you for your
6_z0spsr0ky-00836-00176112-00176214 service
6_z0spsr0ky-00837-00176215-00176463 and thank you for stopping by the air
6_z0spsr0ky-00838-00176464-00176519 force's
6_z0spsr0ky-00839-00176520-00176719 squadron officer school at maxwell air
6_z0spsr0ky-00840-00176720-00176914 force base in may june of
6_z0spsr0ky-00841-00176915-00177214 1997 said you spoke to our class about
6_z0spsr0ky-00842-00177215-00177431 your experience and it is one of the
6_z0spsr0ky-00843-00177432-00177551 handful of sessions
6_z0spsr0ky-00844-00177552-00177847 and lessons i remember from my sos time
6_z0spsr0ky-00845-00177848-00178014 over 23 years ago
6_z0spsr0ky-00846-00178015-00178190 he said it was an honor to have met you
6_z0spsr0ky-00847-00178191-00178343 and it's an honor to have you
6_z0spsr0ky-00848-00178344-00178559 online here with us today well tell them
6_z0spsr0ky-00849-00178560-00178759 thank you well thank you and you're old
6_z0spsr0ky-00850-00178760-00178844 too then
6_z0spsr0ky-00851-00178845-00179183 [Laughter]
6_z0spsr0ky-00852-00179184-00179351 i didn't say that colonel masquery he
6_z0spsr0ky-00853-00179352-00179575 did so
6_z0spsr0ky-00854-00179576-00179719 and then you have we have people
6_z0spsr0ky-00855-00179720-00179887 watching from all over the world people
6_z0spsr0ky-00856-00179888-00179943 saying you're
6_z0spsr0ky-00857-00179944-00180111 they enjoy they're enjoying your sense
6_z0spsr0ky-00858-00180112-00180263 of humor and
6_z0spsr0ky-00859-00180264-00180607 uh that you are amazing and
6_z0spsr0ky-00860-00180608-00180999 thank you and people are loving you sir
6_z0spsr0ky-00861-00181000-00181278 well i thanks for those nice comments i
6_z0spsr0ky-00862-00181279-00181366 i should
6_z0spsr0ky-00863-00181367-00181519 i should print them out and give them to
6_z0spsr0ky-00864-00181520-00181871 my wife
6_z0spsr0ky-00865-00181872-00182175 it was it was oscar wilde who it was
6_z0spsr0ky-00866-00182176-00182326 oscar wilde who uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00867-00182327-00182543 when asked by somebody of all people
6_z0spsr0ky-00868-00182544-00182638 oscar well
6_z0spsr0ky-00869-00182639-00182966 when i asked for some personal advice
6_z0spsr0ky-00870-00182967-00183190 personal advice before he was to get
6_z0spsr0ky-00871-00183191-00183335 married he
6_z0spsr0ky-00872-00183336-00183559 oscar wilde told him i just want to let
6_z0spsr0ky-00873-00183560-00183799 you know that nobody is a hero to his
6_z0spsr0ky-00874-00183800-00183847 wife
6_z0spsr0ky-00875-00183848-00184166 or to his valet they know you're really
6_z0spsr0ky-00876-00184167-00184283 really well
6_z0spsr0ky-00877-00184284-00184502 [Laughter]
6_z0spsr0ky-00878-00184503-00184671 so it's but it's nice hearing comments
6_z0spsr0ky-00879-00184672-00184911 from from people from a long time ago
6_z0spsr0ky-00880-00184912-00185007 god bless you
6_z0spsr0ky-00881-00185008-00185366 they're loving you wow sir
6_z0spsr0ky-00882-00185367-00185519 um it's good to hear that you're a
6_z0spsr0ky-00883-00185520-00185726 teacher at uh west point
6_z0spsr0ky-00884-00185727-00185990 um i know you would help me let chief ko
6_z0spsr0ky-00885-00185991-00186095 know who win the
6_z0spsr0ky-00886-00186096-00186278 match up this weekend between army and
6_z0spsr0ky-00887-00186279-00186511 air force no there's no doubt there's no
6_z0spsr0ky-00888-00186512-00186599 doubt without actually
6_z0spsr0ky-00889-00186600-00186854 coming out absolutely sir he's he's in
6_z0spsr0ky-00890-00186855-00186966 denial sir
6_z0spsr0ky-00891-00186967-00187199 so i won't go too hard because i'm i'm
6_z0spsr0ky-00892-00187200-00187350 i'm going to be partial to my guests so
6_z0spsr0ky-00893-00187351-00187478 my guess
6_z0spsr0ky-00894-00187479-00187583 i'm gonna let you i'm gonna let y'all
6_z0spsr0ky-00895-00187584-00187838 have that right now oh
6_z0spsr0ky-00896-00187839-00188238 thanks chief
6_z0spsr0ky-00897-00188239-00188390 does that mean you're going to say go
6_z0spsr0ky-00898-00188391-00188671 army chief is that what we're hearing
6_z0spsr0ky-00899-00188672-00188935 that's not what they're saying that's
6_z0spsr0ky-00900-00188936-00189071 what i heard too julie he's going to say
6_z0spsr0ky-00901-00189072-00189231 go army after this
6_z0spsr0ky-00902-00189232-00189463 hey how about this go army air corps how
6_z0spsr0ky-00903-00189464-00189750 about that i'll get you out of there
6_z0spsr0ky-00904-00189751-00189895 how much time are we i'm going to tell a
6_z0spsr0ky-00905-00189896-00190063 real quick story we gotta
6_z0spsr0ky-00906-00190064-00190207 i'm going to tell you real quick take a
6_z0spsr0ky-00907-00190208-00190311 look at the time i'm going to tell you a
6_z0spsr0ky-00908-00190312-00190454 real quick story about a medal of honor
6_z0spsr0ky-00909-00190455-00190519 recipient
6_z0spsr0ky-00910-00190520-00190726 when you mention army air corps so he's
6_z0spsr0ky-00911-00190727-00190983 gone now but a guy named mike novacel
6_z0spsr0ky-00912-00190984-00191238 flew b-29s in the second world war he
6_z0spsr0ky-00913-00191239-00191471 was really short like my height
6_z0spsr0ky-00914-00191472-00191663 they had to put blocks on the pedals so
6_z0spsr0ky-00915-00191664-00191838 otherwise he couldn't fly the plane oh
6_z0spsr0ky-00916-00191839-00191902 wow
6_z0spsr0ky-00917-00191903-00192175 he went from being a you know an e-zero
6_z0spsr0ky-00918-00192176-00192311 all the way up to being a colonel at the
6_z0spsr0ky-00919-00192312-00192447 end of the war at the end of the war
6_z0spsr0ky-00920-00192448-00192599 they busted him down to his permanent
6_z0spsr0ky-00921-00192600-00192799 grave which was captain
6_z0spsr0ky-00922-00192800-00193014 so he's still flying around flew every
6_z0spsr0ky-00923-00193015-00193223 aircraft 1947
6_z0spsr0ky-00924-00193224-00193526 the army air corps becomes the the uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00925-00193527-00193831 the air force now he's an air force
6_z0spsr0ky-00926-00193832-00193983 officer during the korean war he goes
6_z0spsr0ky-00927-00193984-00194126 all the way up to lieutenant colonel and
6_z0spsr0ky-00928-00194127-00194343 then he retires
6_z0spsr0ky-00929-00194344-00194535 ten years later the war in vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00930-00194536-00194654 starts
6_z0spsr0ky-00931-00194655-00194878 so he goes to the air force and says hey
6_z0spsr0ky-00932-00194879-00195014 um
6_z0spsr0ky-00933-00195015-00195199 i'd really like to i want to come back i
6_z0spsr0ky-00934-00195200-00195326 want to do my bit
6_z0spsr0ky-00935-00195327-00195590 uh now you're too old too old he said
6_z0spsr0ky-00936-00195591-00195711 i've got
6_z0spsr0ky-00937-00195712-00196047 600 million hours in every aircraft
6_z0spsr0ky-00938-00196048-00196343 in the inventory and they said the
6_z0spsr0ky-00939-00196344-00196502 afternoon air force said no we can't
6_z0spsr0ky-00940-00196503-00196647 take you back on active duty you're
6_z0spsr0ky-00941-00196648-00196847 retired you're too
6_z0spsr0ky-00942-00196848-00197199 old he walks across the street
6_z0spsr0ky-00943-00197200-00197495 enlists in the army goes to warrant
6_z0spsr0ky-00944-00197496-00197663 officer flight school
6_z0spsr0ky-00945-00197664-00198007 becomes a helicopter pilot and receives
6_z0spsr0ky-00946-00198008-00198623 the medal of honor for action in vietnam
6_z0spsr0ky-00947-00198624-00199031 so go army and yeah we'll say yeah
6_z0spsr0ky-00948-00199032-00199207 i know air force lower those asvab
6_z0spsr0ky-00949-00199208-00199260 scores man
6_z0spsr0ky-00950-00199261-00199838 [Laughter]
6_z0spsr0ky-00951-00199839-00200071 awesome thank you sir so you have any
6_z0spsr0ky-00952-00200072-00200343 parting words for our viewers
6_z0spsr0ky-00953-00200344-00200678 yeah i guess one or two other than thank
6_z0spsr0ky-00954-00200679-00200735 you
6_z0spsr0ky-00955-00200736-00201031 um i know people say thank you for your
6_z0spsr0ky-00956-00201032-00201238 service all the time and they
6_z0spsr0ky-00957-00201239-00201487 often they mean it but they sometimes
6_z0spsr0ky-00958-00201488-00201687 it's guilt you know they feel guilty at
6_z0spsr0ky-00959-00201688-00201831 not having served
6_z0spsr0ky-00960-00201832-00202007 and so it's to make them feel better
6_z0spsr0ky-00961-00202008-00202343 that's fine um
6_z0spsr0ky-00962-00202344-00202687 but i i was asked one time
6_z0spsr0ky-00963-00202688-00202990 by some cadets who were about ready to
6_z0spsr0ky-00964-00202991-00203135 get commissioned and go
6_z0spsr0ky-00965-00203136-00203463 out and do their bit too and uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00966-00203464-00203807 for some personal advice
6_z0spsr0ky-00967-00203808-00204150 uh about being good leaders and
6_z0spsr0ky-00968-00204151-00204399 and i told them the following you you
6_z0spsr0ky-00969-00204400-00204599 can um
6_z0spsr0ky-00970-00204600-00204799 you can take good tips from lots of
6_z0spsr0ky-00971-00204800-00204951 people
6_z0spsr0ky-00972-00204952-00205246 uh do it like this sergeant major does
6_z0spsr0ky-00973-00205248-00205438 do it like that lieutenant does do it
6_z0spsr0ky-00974-00205439-00205686 like this guy does and so on
6_z0spsr0ky-00975-00205687-00205958 um but you've got to incorporate it into
6_z0spsr0ky-00976-00205959-00206158 yourself
6_z0spsr0ky-00977-00206159-00206623 another quote from um
6_z0spsr0ky-00978-00206623-00206879 from oscar wilde uh when somebody asked
6_z0spsr0ky-00979-00206880-00207071 them the same thing
6_z0spsr0ky-00980-00207071-00207382 you can't be that person you can't you
6_z0spsr0ky-00981-00207383-00207479 can
6_z0spsr0ky-00982-00207480-00207751 be like that person by using those
6_z0spsr0ky-00983-00207752-00208023 techniques but you can't be that person
6_z0spsr0ky-00984-00208023-00208310 he said be yourself everybody else is
6_z0spsr0ky-00985-00208311-00208462 already taken
6_z0spsr0ky-00986-00208463-00208655 yep i think that's a good thing to keep
6_z0spsr0ky-00987-00208656-00208862 in mind
6_z0spsr0ky-00988-00208863-00209127 yes sir awesome yeah now great words of
6_z0spsr0ky-00989-00209128-00209182 wisdom
6_z0spsr0ky-00990-00209183-00209423 um colonel jacobs we really appreciate
6_z0spsr0ky-00991-00209423-00209503 you uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00992-00209504-00209751 as you can see you've impacted so many
6_z0spsr0ky-00993-00209752-00209879 people that you don't even know that
6_z0spsr0ky-00994-00209880-00210103 you've impacted and uh
6_z0spsr0ky-00995-00210104-00210319 that's just amazing and it's always cool
6_z0spsr0ky-00996-00210319-00210471 to kind of
6_z0spsr0ky-00997-00210471-00210694 to do something that you did because you
6_z0spsr0ky-00998-00210696-00210879 love it and then
6_z0spsr0ky-00999-00210880-00211063 20 years later 30 years later somebody
6_z0spsr0ky-01000-00211064-00211191 comes behind and says
6_z0spsr0ky-01001-00211192-00211406 man you you really impacted my career
6_z0spsr0ky-01002-00211407-00211494 and you you shaped
6_z0spsr0ky-01003-00211496-00211734 you shaped uh leaders uh you know future
6_z0spsr0ky-01004-00211735-00211879 leaders in in the
6_z0spsr0ky-01005-00211880-00212055 in the service so thank you for that
6_z0spsr0ky-01006-00212056-00212198 thank you for your service thank you for
6_z0spsr0ky-01007-00212200-00212327 sharing your life with us
6_z0spsr0ky-01008-00212328-00212487 uh this chat means so much to the
6_z0spsr0ky-01009-00212488-00212719 soldiers airmen space force personnel we
6_z0spsr0ky-01010-00212719-00212846 got a new service so
6_z0spsr0ky-01011-00212848-00213046 uh that stood up you know last year
6_z0spsr0ky-01012-00213048-00213294 sailors marines and coast guard members
6_z0spsr0ky-01013-00213296-00213415 we appreciate
6_z0spsr0ky-01014-00213416-00213631 uh all that you've done and uh have you
6_z0spsr0ky-01015-00213632-00213782 defended this great nation
6_z0spsr0ky-01016-00213783-00213967 well thank and thanks for what you all
6_z0spsr0ky-01017-00213967-00214087 are doing now too
6_z0spsr0ky-01018-00214088-00214334 it's like i said benjamin franklin said
6_z0spsr0ky-01019-00214335-00214503 and we we can't forget this
6_z0spsr0ky-01020-00214504-00214775 we need to hang together or we'll surely
6_z0spsr0ky-01021-00214776-00214991 hang separately so let's hang together
6_z0spsr0ky-01022-00214992-00215334 and my parting word is uh go army beat
6_z0spsr0ky-01023-00215335-00215503 everybody
6_z0spsr0ky-01024-00215504-00215887 absolutely sir amazing
6_z0spsr0ky-01025-00215888-00216071 i appreciate you thank you sir if you
6_z0spsr0ky-01026-00216071-00216327 can help the chat just a second i get i
6_z0spsr0ky-01027-00216328-00216479 got to get some information from you
6_z0spsr0ky-01028-00216480-00217064 you bet thank you chief chat out get out
6Atw-iKTWCM-00000-00000236-00000542 jason is a data format that was created
6Atw-iKTWCM-00001-00000543-00000817 to work easily with JavaScript adapt
6Atw-iKTWCM-00002-00000818-00001103 uses it extensively to configure courses
6Atw-iKTWCM-00003-00001104-00001345 and course content if you're new to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00004-00001346-00001682 adapt or to JSON of course JSON files
6Atw-iKTWCM-00005-00001682-00001942 may appear a little intimidating the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00006-00001943-00002198 goal of this short video is not to teach
6Atw-iKTWCM-00007-00002199-00002582 you json in the abstract but to lessen
6Atw-iKTWCM-00008-00002583-00002813 the intimidation I'll give you some
6Atw-iKTWCM-00009-00002814-00003005 quick advice and some easy rules to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00010-00003006-00003197 follow so that you can manipulate the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00011-00003198-00003586 content data with more confidence one
6Atw-iKTWCM-00012-00003588-00003851 note before we begin this information
6Atw-iKTWCM-00013-00003852-00004090 applies to the course JSON files that
6Atw-iKTWCM-00014-00004092-00004370 are exposed in the adapt framework these
6Atw-iKTWCM-00015-00004371-00004561 files are not exposed in the adapt
6Atw-iKTWCM-00016-00004562-00004795 authoring tool so the information in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00017-00004796-00005029 this video does not apply to building
6Atw-iKTWCM-00018-00005030-00005488 courses with the authoring tool Jason
6Atw-iKTWCM-00019-00005489-00005726 files are basically text files in which
6Atw-iKTWCM-00020-00005727-00005911 the text has been formatted according to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00021-00005912-00006184 the JSON specification that means you
6Atw-iKTWCM-00022-00006185-00006383 can edit JSON files with any text editor
6Atw-iKTWCM-00023-00006384-00006656 you don't need to spend money on a fancy
6Atw-iKTWCM-00024-00006656-00006920 integrated development environment for
6Atw-iKTWCM-00025-00006920-00007163 this video I'm using brackets as my
6Atw-iKTWCM-00026-00007164-00007427 editor it's an Adobe product but it's
6Atw-iKTWCM-00027-00007428-00007619 open source and it's free you can
6Atw-iKTWCM-00028-00007620-00008030 download it at brackets dot io brackets
6Atw-iKTWCM-00029-00008031-00008255 has a feature that I highly recommend no
6Atw-iKTWCM-00030-00008256-00008498 matter which editor you choose code
6Atw-iKTWCM-00031-00008499-00008798 highlighting for JSON let me demonstrate
6Atw-iKTWCM-00032-00008799-00009134 the difference without code highlighting
6Atw-iKTWCM-00033-00009135-00009617 this JSON file is a blur of gray my mind
6Atw-iKTWCM-00034-00009618-00009799 gets tired just thinking about making
6Atw-iKTWCM-00035-00009800-00010121 sense of it but with highlighting turned
6Atw-iKTWCM-00036-00010122-00010576 on fundamental analysis is done for me
6Atw-iKTWCM-00037-00010577-00010808 highlighting different parts of JSON in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00038-00010809-00011038 different colors can help you avoid
6Atw-iKTWCM-00039-00011039-00011533 errors or spot the ones you make and
6Atw-iKTWCM-00040-00011534-00012553 that's my first bit of advice
6Atw-iKTWCM-00041-00012554-00013441 use an editor that understands JSON
6Atw-iKTWCM-00042-00013441-00013894 syntax or at least provides code
6Atw-iKTWCM-00043-00013896-00014309 highlighting in this example of JSON
6Atw-iKTWCM-00044-00014310-00014603 before us the special characters used by
6Atw-iKTWCM-00045-00014604-00015004 JSON are easy to highlight curly braces
6Atw-iKTWCM-00046-00015005-00015311 square brackets quotation marks are
6Atw-iKTWCM-00047-00015312-00015506 always used in pairs as one would expect
6Atw-iKTWCM-00048-00015507-00015916 and colons and commas are used
6Atw-iKTWCM-00049-00015916-00016304 extensively let's add a second piece of
6Atw-iKTWCM-00050-00016305-00016499 advice that will help us make sense of
6Atw-iKTWCM-00051-00016500-00018743 this JSON punctuation
6Atw-iKTWCM-00052-00018744-00019804 the very consistent with your formatting
6Atw-iKTWCM-00053-00019805-00020153 JSON is not a programming language it's
6Atw-iKTWCM-00054-00020154-00020462 a data format somewhat like a CSV file
6Atw-iKTWCM-00055-00020463-00020765 but more complex in a comma delimited
6Atw-iKTWCM-00056-00020766-00021026 file the comic character plays a special
6Atw-iKTWCM-00057-00021027-00021299 role and there are characters in JSON
6Atw-iKTWCM-00058-00021300-00021542 that do the same thing consistent
6Atw-iKTWCM-00059-00021543-00021731 formatting will help you make sense of
6Atw-iKTWCM-00060-00021732-00022070 these characters white space that is
6Atw-iKTWCM-00061-00022071-00022346 outside of quotation marks doesn't count
6Atw-iKTWCM-00062-00022347-00022592 for anything in JSON so use it to your
6Atw-iKTWCM-00063-00022593-00022892 advantage use the same number of spaces
6Atw-iKTWCM-00064-00022893-00023249 or tabs to align your elements if you
6Atw-iKTWCM-00065-00023250-00023396 are consistent in the way you format
6Atw-iKTWCM-00066-00023397-00023654 your JSON from the start it'll help you
6Atw-iKTWCM-00067-00023655-00023891 later when you need to edit some values
6Atw-iKTWCM-00068-00023892-00024344 or to find an error at the heart of JSON
6Atw-iKTWCM-00069-00024345-00024746 our key value pairs typically this pair
6Atw-iKTWCM-00070-00024747-00024986 is composed of a property of some object
6Atw-iKTWCM-00071-00024987-00025358 and that property's value so the name of
6Atw-iKTWCM-00072-00025359-00025672 the property acts as the key to which
6Atw-iKTWCM-00073-00025673-00025955 the value is assigned the value of left
6Atw-iKTWCM-00074-00025956-00026186 is assigned to lay out the value of our
6Atw-iKTWCM-00075-00026187-00026408 first look at a component is assigned to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00076-00026408-00026654 the title property and the same value is
6Atw-iKTWCM-00077-00026655-00026845 assigned to the display title property
6Atw-iKTWCM-00078-00026847-00027202 the keys are on the left the values are
6Atw-iKTWCM-00079-00027204-00027470 on the right and they are separated by a
6Atw-iKTWCM-00080-00027470-00027739 colon the key on the left side of the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00081-00027741-00028004 colon is determined by the source code
6Atw-iKTWCM-00082-00028005-00028388 never alter the content of the key the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00083-00028389-00028637 source code will look for this specific
6Atw-iKTWCM-00084-00028638-00028904 combination of characters in order to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00085-00028905-00029114 locate the content that you have
6Atw-iKTWCM-00086-00029114-00029408 assigned to it you don't get to change
6Atw-iKTWCM-00087-00029408-00029702 the content on the left side you do get
6Atw-iKTWCM-00088-00029702-00029920 to change the content on the right
6Atw-iKTWCM-00089-00029920-00030193 according to the needs of the course and
6Atw-iKTWCM-00090-00030194-00030611 that gives us our first rule
6Atw-iKTWCM-00091-00030612-00031337 let's copy this comma paste it change
6Atw-iKTWCM-00092-00031338-00032252 that to rules and let's delete this do
6Atw-iKTWCM-00093-00032253-00032936 not change arbitrarily anything on the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00094-00032937-00033599 left side of the colon let's look again
6Atw-iKTWCM-00095-00033600-00033861 at our key value pairs and identify some
6Atw-iKTWCM-00096-00033862-00034299 other rules notice how everything on
6Atw-iKTWCM-00097-00034300-00034530 either side of the colon is wrapped in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00098-00034531-00034796 quotation marks even blank or empty
6Atw-iKTWCM-00099-00034797-00035151 values are wrapped in quotes and notice
6Atw-iKTWCM-00100-00035152-00035324 how multiple key value pairs are
6Atw-iKTWCM-00101-00035325-00035720 separated by commas let's add these to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00102-00035721-00037445 our rules copy comma to separate
6Atw-iKTWCM-00103-00037446-00038373 multiple key / value pairs with commas
6Atw-iKTWCM-00104-00038374-00039508 and three let's move this up copy 0
6Atw-iKTWCM-00105-00039509-00041018 comma 3 on both sides of the colon wrap
6Atw-iKTWCM-00106-00041019-00041898 everything in quotes okay were you
6Atw-iKTWCM-00107-00041899-00042176 watching carefully what did I went down
6Atw-iKTWCM-00108-00042177-00042440 your vigilance by droning on take a look
6Atw-iKTWCM-00109-00042441-00042689 again at rule number 3 and remember it
6Atw-iKTWCM-00110-00042690-00042920 as we go back to have another look at
6Atw-iKTWCM-00111-00042921-00043274 our code do you see any exceptions to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00112-00043275-00043680 this rule
6Atw-iKTWCM-00113-00043681-00043999 correct there are no quotes around the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00114-00044000-00044717 word true let's look for others true is
6Atw-iKTWCM-00115-00044718-00045689 joined by false and now we have some
6Atw-iKTWCM-00116-00045690-00046004 numbers let's scroll a little further so
6Atw-iKTWCM-00117-00046005-00046852 we have both in a good example there are
6Atw-iKTWCM-00118-00046853-00047221 two exceptions to rule number three when
6Atw-iKTWCM-00119-00047222-00047507 the words true and false act as switches
6Atw-iKTWCM-00120-00047508-00047798 we call them boolean values the quotes
6Atw-iKTWCM-00121-00047799-00048062 are dropped from boolean values in order
6Atw-iKTWCM-00122-00048063-00048333 to signify that they are not simply text
6Atw-iKTWCM-00123-00048334-00048733 by the way text that is used as text is
6Atw-iKTWCM-00124-00048734-00049160 called string numerals can be used as
6Atw-iKTWCM-00125-00049161-00049445 strings too we see that right here in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00126-00049446-00049849 the ID and parent ID but here on top and
6Atw-iKTWCM-00127-00049850-00050126 left the numerals are operating as
6Atw-iKTWCM-00128-00050127-00050411 numbers numbers are things that can be
6Atw-iKTWCM-00129-00050412-00050702 manipulated with mathematical operations
6Atw-iKTWCM-00130-00050703-00051064 if you add five to sixty the div will be
6Atw-iKTWCM-00131-00051065-00051307 positioned sixty-five percent from the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00132-00051308-00051619 top so when numerals are being used as
6Atw-iKTWCM-00133-00051620-00051964 numbers they too are not wrapped in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00134-00051965-00052345 quotes let's go back and update rule
6Atw-iKTWCM-00135-00052346-00052576 three let's replace it in order to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00136-00052577-00052941 accommodate the exceptions we found
6Atw-iKTWCM-00137-00052942-00053782 change both to left take out the S on
6Atw-iKTWCM-00138-00053783-00053972 the left side of the coal on all the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00139-00053973-00054151 keys are strings so we wrap everything
6Atw-iKTWCM-00140-00054152-00054730 in quotes and on the right side comma
6Atw-iKTWCM-00141-00054732-00055286 paste change that the four on the right
6Atw-iKTWCM-00142-00055287-00055559 side
6Atw-iKTWCM-00143-00055560-00055867 on the right side strings get wrapped in
6Atw-iKTWCM-00144-00055869-00056971 quotes and now for our new exceptions 5
6Atw-iKTWCM-00145-00056972-00057687 on the right side of the colon do not
6Atw-iKTWCM-00146-00057688-00058782 wrap numbers in quotes 6 on the right
6Atw-iKTWCM-00147-00058783-00059566 side of the colon do not wrap bullion's
6Atw-iKTWCM-00148-00059566-00060776 boolean's in quotes
6Atw-iKTWCM-00149-00060777-00061090 this lets me conclude with one more
6Atw-iKTWCM-00150-00061091-00061455 piece of advice trust your ability to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00151-00061457-00061794 recognize patterns I identified the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00152-00061795-00062049 basics of JSON simply by highlighting
6Atw-iKTWCM-00153-00062050-00062382 the patterns in the format elements are
6Atw-iKTWCM-00154-00062383-00062590 organized within square brackets and
6Atw-iKTWCM-00155-00062591-00062912 curly braces and are separated by commas
6Atw-iKTWCM-00156-00062913-00063211 keys are separated from their values by
6Atw-iKTWCM-00157-00063212-00063474 a colon keys and values are always
6Atw-iKTWCM-00158-00063475-00063766 wrapped in quotation marks unless the
6Atw-iKTWCM-00159-00063766-00064026 value is a number or a boolean and
6Atw-iKTWCM-00160-00064027-00064240 there's more patterns to be uncovered
6Atw-iKTWCM-00161-00064241-00064537 for sure but I'm confident that these
6Atw-iKTWCM-00162-00064538-00064782 basic rules and your ability to
6Atw-iKTWCM-00163-00064783-00065029 recognize other patterns are all you
6Atw-iKTWCM-00164-00065029-00065262 need to get started updating course
6Atw-iKTWCM-00165-00065263-00065671 content I'm Chuck Lorenz thanks for
6Atw-iKTWCM-00166-00065672-00065911 watching
6AzeF4l7288-00000-00000438-00000641 welcome to strategies for enhancing
6AzeF4l7288-00001-00000642-00000790 instructor presence in your online
6AzeF4l7288-00002-00000791-00001025 course and if you just joined us we're
6AzeF4l7288-00003-00001026-00001157 just getting started now so you haven't
6AzeF4l7288-00004-00001158-00001582 missed anything
6AzeF4l7288-00005-00001583-00001834 for this Workshop today I wanted to
6AzeF4l7288-00006-00001835-00002068 cover hopefully three different goals
6AzeF4l7288-00007-00002069-00002242 we're going to try to address and we're
6AzeF4l7288-00008-00002243-00002417 going to look at how we can effectively
6AzeF4l7288-00009-00002418-00002710 communicate with online students how we
6AzeF4l7288-00010-00002711-00002902 can support them for their overall
6AzeF4l7288-00011-00002903-00003137 course success and how to show them that
6AzeF4l7288-00012-00003138-00003311 you are actually present as an
6AzeF4l7288-00013-00003311-00003581 instructor so these are strategies that
6AzeF4l7288-00014-00003582-00003809 we've adapted for the online teaching
6AzeF4l7288-00015-00003810-00004025 and learning environment but most of
6AzeF4l7288-00016-00004026-00004175 these are just best practices and I
6AzeF4l7288-00017-00004176-00004385 think you'll find that you can modify
6AzeF4l7288-00018-00004386-00004577 them and tweak them just about for any
6AzeF4l7288-00019-00004578-00005106 modality of instruction
6AzeF4l7288-00020-00005107-00005470 all right so let's go ahead and since
6AzeF4l7288-00021-00005471-00005663 we've got a nice group here if you
6AzeF4l7288-00022-00005664-00005806 wouldn't mind you can either come on the
6AzeF4l7288-00023-00005807-00005963 mic or you can just type in the text
6AzeF4l7288-00024-00005964-00006131 chat I think that's usually the
6AzeF4l7288-00025-00006132-00006347 preferred method of communication
6AzeF4l7288-00026-00006348-00006527 but tell us a little bit about yourself
6AzeF4l7288-00027-00006528-00006796 what do you teach and then I'm also
6AzeF4l7288-00028-00006797-00007067 curious to to hear your perspective on
6AzeF4l7288-00029-00007068-00007289 this but what makes a strong and
6AzeF4l7288-00030-00007290-00007553 positive teacher impression
6AzeF4l7288-00031-00007554-00007834 I left that kind of vague just in hopes
6AzeF4l7288-00032-00007836-00007984 that you'll take that idea and run with
6AzeF4l7288-00034-00012143-00012628 thanks Jeff for starting us off
6AzeF4l7288-00035-00012629-00012773 so I know some of you may still be
6AzeF4l7288-00036-00012774-00012941 typing
6AzeF4l7288-00037-00012941-00013241 but Jeff teaches special education and
6AzeF4l7288-00038-00013241-00013397 finds that being energetic and
6AzeF4l7288-00039-00013397-00013571 enthusiastic makes a great impression
6AzeF4l7288-00040-00013572-00014075 wonderful it's all about the attitude
6AzeF4l7288-00041-00014076-00015421 Natalie's also from special education
6AzeF4l7288-00042-00015422-00015629 well Natalie thinks it's about the
6AzeF4l7288-00043-00015630-00015821 syllabus that sets the tone for the
6AzeF4l7288-00044-00015822-00016108 course interesting okay great
6AzeF4l7288-00045-00016109-00016336 foreign
6AzeF4l7288-00046-00016337-00016744 a teaches music
6AzeF4l7288-00047-00016745-00016972 when a teacher is actively engaged in a
6AzeF4l7288-00048-00016973-00017122 course and regularly checks in with
6AzeF4l7288-00049-00017123-00017267 students that makes a positive first
6AzeF4l7288-00050-00017268-00018250 impression
6AzeF4l7288-00051-00018251-00018550 and careth says being
6AzeF4l7288-00052-00018551-00018749 clear and communicating course content
6AzeF4l7288-00053-00018750-00018922 and expectation makes a positive
6AzeF4l7288-00054-00018923-00019169 impression excellent okay
6AzeF4l7288-00055-00019170-00019361 so I love all these different ideas and
6AzeF4l7288-00056-00019362-00019505 hopefully we're going to see if we can
6AzeF4l7288-00057-00019506-00019750 take these ideas and come up with some
6AzeF4l7288-00058-00019751-00020033 concrete strategies for how to kind of
6AzeF4l7288-00059-00020034-00020500 incorporate them into your online course
6AzeF4l7288-00060-00020501-00020771 thanks Brandon and you teach special
6AzeF4l7288-00061-00020772-00020950 education as well and a positive
6AzeF4l7288-00062-00020951-00021119 impression involves encouraging active
6AzeF4l7288-00063-00021120-00021317 engagement and being flexible and
6AzeF4l7288-00064-00021318-00021443 accommodating
6AzeF4l7288-00065-00021444-00021893 excellent
6AzeF4l7288-00066-00021894-00022186 all right so I I know I've been throwing
6AzeF4l7288-00067-00022187-00022391 you on the spot but I wanted to at least
6AzeF4l7288-00068-00022392-00022685 have a good interactive workshop with
6AzeF4l7288-00069-00022686-00022919 you so again type in the chat or if
6AzeF4l7288-00070-00022920-00023027 you're tired of typing you can always
6AzeF4l7288-00071-00023028-00023203 turn on your microphone
6AzeF4l7288-00072-00023204-00023453 but maybe pick one of these
6AzeF4l7288-00073-00023454-00023794 and in your online course specifically
6AzeF4l7288-00074-00023795-00024041 what's an example of how you either
6AzeF4l7288-00075-00024042-00024185 communicate effectively with your
6AzeF4l7288-00076-00024186-00024347 students show them that you're present
6AzeF4l7288-00077-00024348-00024550 or that you support their success what
6AzeF4l7288-00078-00024551-00025535 is an actual strategy that you use
6AzeF4l7288-00079-00025536-00025840 I always love trading ideas this is an
6AzeF4l7288-00080-00025841-00026014 opportunity for you to hear from people
6AzeF4l7288-00081-00026016-00026243 from other departments and
6AzeF4l7288-00082-00026244-00026470 disciplines sometimes we think about
6AzeF4l7288-00083-00026472-00027661 things differently
6AzeF4l7288-00084-00027662-00028139 thank you
6AzeF4l7288-00085-00028139-00028349 excellent all right I see them coming in
6AzeF4l7288-00086-00028350-00028564 so responding to discussion board posts
6AzeF4l7288-00087-00028566-00028757 sending weekly announcements with
6AzeF4l7288-00088-00028758-00028973 reminders of upcoming due dates that's
6AzeF4l7288-00089-00028974-00029723 huge yes absolutely
6AzeF4l7288-00090-00029724-00029968 all right I think and move on if any of
6AzeF4l7288-00091-00029969-00030401 you are still typing please feel free
6AzeF4l7288-00092-00030402-00030581 checking in troubleshooting the first
6AzeF4l7288-00093-00030582-00031096 few minutes of class
6AzeF4l7288-00094-00031097-00031624 overview videos excellent okay
6AzeF4l7288-00095-00031625-00031943 wonderful okay okay so in true Workshop
6AzeF4l7288-00096-00031944-00032105 fashion you know before we can dive into
6AzeF4l7288-00097-00032106-00032279 a topic I think it's always good idea
6AzeF4l7288-00098-00032280-00032567 just to create this nice foundation and
6AzeF4l7288-00099-00032568-00032867 with an actual definition so what does
6AzeF4l7288-00100-00032868-00033059 it mean when we talk about instructor
6AzeF4l7288-00101-00033060-00033352 presence
6AzeF4l7288-00102-00033353-00033665 oops
6AzeF4l7288-00103-00033666-00033835 I went too far
6AzeF4l7288-00104-00033836-00034073 so as far as instructor presence is
6AzeF4l7288-00105-00034074-00034331 concerned I don't have a big fancy
6AzeF4l7288-00106-00034332-00034565 definition for you no words of wisdom
6AzeF4l7288-00107-00034566-00034883 but just in simple terms it's being
6AzeF4l7288-00108-00034884-00035105 there for your class so this means that
6AzeF4l7288-00109-00035106-00035333 your students think that you are an
6AzeF4l7288-00110-00035334-00035615 accessible and real person who is there
6AzeF4l7288-00111-00035616-00035909 to help them with their learning so this
6AzeF4l7288-00112-00035910-00036095 is the idea that even though you are not
6AzeF4l7288-00113-00036096-00036245 physically in a classroom with your
6AzeF4l7288-00114-00036246-00036401 students they feel like you are right
6AzeF4l7288-00115-00036402-00036593 there alongside them for support and if
6AzeF4l7288-00116-00036594-00036749 they have questions they know that they
6AzeF4l7288-00117-00036750-00036899 can come to you
6AzeF4l7288-00118-00036900-00037240 so that's in its most simple form what
6AzeF4l7288-00119-00037241-00037373 it means for instructor presence
6AzeF4l7288-00120-00037374-00037685 particularly as it relates to the online
6AzeF4l7288-00121-00037686-00038051 modality
6AzeF4l7288-00122-00038052-00038237 and while we often talk about well what
6AzeF4l7288-00123-00038238-00038435 is instructor presence and what are good
6AzeF4l7288-00124-00038436-00038609 practices one of the other things that
6AzeF4l7288-00125-00038610-00038824 we also want to address are some things
6AzeF4l7288-00126-00038825-00039077 maybe that we want to avoid as well and
6AzeF4l7288-00127-00039078-00039251 so we call this one the set it and
6AzeF4l7288-00128-00039252-00039461 forget it mentality
6AzeF4l7288-00129-00039462-00039701 so this is kind of the mindset that it's
6AzeF4l7288-00130-00039702-00039946 easy to fall into but it's where you're
6AzeF4l7288-00131-00039947-00040151 tempted to just set up your course and
6AzeF4l7288-00132-00040152-00040307 you essentially forget about it without
6AzeF4l7288-00133-00040308-00040618 engaging with it it's a difficult trap
6AzeF4l7288-00134-00040619-00040805 to fall into particularly with online
6AzeF4l7288-00135-00040806-00041021 courses particularly if it's a course
6AzeF4l7288-00136-00041022-00041177 that you've taught in the past because
6AzeF4l7288-00137-00041178-00041362 you know all of the material is already
6AzeF4l7288-00138-00041363-00041609 there but the problem with that is that
6AzeF4l7288-00139-00041610-00041879 it can be detrimental and harmful to
6AzeF4l7288-00140-00041880-00042118 Student Success
6AzeF4l7288-00141-00042119-00042401 so we do want to you know just keep in
6AzeF4l7288-00142-00042402-00042587 mind that it's important for students to
6AzeF4l7288-00143-00042588-00042827 see faculty as engaged and present in
6AzeF4l7288-00144-00042828-00043090 their course right leading by example
6AzeF4l7288-00145-00043091-00043157 um
6AzeF4l7288-00146-00043158-00043337 and we know that faculty should be
6AzeF4l7288-00147-00043338-00043571 evaluating and also adjusting their
6AzeF4l7288-00148-00043572-00043799 learning materials and approaches
6AzeF4l7288-00149-00043800-00044002 throughout the duration of the course as
6AzeF4l7288-00150-00044003-00044267 well so you know if you notice that your
6AzeF4l7288-00151-00044268-00044512 students are struggling in one area or
6AzeF4l7288-00152-00044513-00044830 maybe they particularly respond well to
6AzeF4l7288-00153-00044831-00045046 a certain section that might be a cue
6AzeF4l7288-00154-00045047-00045215 where you can spend some more time in
6AzeF4l7288-00155-00045216-00045574 those particular places
6AzeF4l7288-00156-00045575-00045929 foreign
6AzeF4l7288-00157-00045930-00046174 I wanted to move on to just the three
6AzeF4l7288-00158-00046175-00046343 different components of instructor
6AzeF4l7288-00159-00046344-00046529 presence which I know you see up there
6AzeF4l7288-00160-00046530-00046840 on the screen Persona uh social presence
6AzeF4l7288-00161-00046841-00047123 and then instructional presence Persona
6AzeF4l7288-00162-00047124-00047357 and social presence initially can sound
6AzeF4l7288-00163-00047358-00047567 pretty similar but there are a couple of
6AzeF4l7288-00164-00047568-00047908 key differences so the Persona is
6AzeF4l7288-00165-00047909-00048245 actually your own individual personality
6AzeF4l7288-00166-00048246-00048473 and teaching style that you bring to the
6AzeF4l7288-00167-00048474-00048802 course it's your own authentic self so
6AzeF4l7288-00168-00048803-00048940 this is what gives your students that
6AzeF4l7288-00169-00048941-00049211 impression of who you are and it helps
6AzeF4l7288-00170-00049212-00049505 them feel more connected to you so you
6AzeF4l7288-00171-00049506-00049685 can communicate this throughout your
6AzeF4l7288-00172-00049686-00049840 course in a variety of ways and some of
6AzeF4l7288-00173-00049841-00050093 them were already mentioned in the the
6AzeF4l7288-00174-00050094-00050351 previous discussion prompt but so one of
6AzeF4l7288-00175-00050352-00050585 those ways is to include a video of
6AzeF4l7288-00176-00050586-00050812 yourself as an instructor early on in
6AzeF4l7288-00177-00050813-00050933 the course
6AzeF4l7288-00178-00050934-00051149 I think sometimes we often think of our
6AzeF4l7288-00179-00051150-00051335 online courses as
6AzeF4l7288-00180-00051336-00051611 we're physically separated or isolated
6AzeF4l7288-00181-00051612-00051851 from others and it's just you know you
6AzeF4l7288-00182-00051852-00052066 and your computer screen but you can
6AzeF4l7288-00183-00052067-00052276 still engage all of your students senses
6AzeF4l7288-00184-00052277-00052475 so if you record a video of yourself
6AzeF4l7288-00185-00052476-00052750 they can hear your voice they can see
6AzeF4l7288-00186-00052751-00053038 you and you've suddenly morphed into an
6AzeF4l7288-00187-00053039-00053338 actual person in front of their eyes so
6AzeF4l7288-00188-00053339-00053626 you can also include a course welcome
6AzeF4l7288-00189-00053627-00053932 message and you can continue to carry on
6AzeF4l7288-00190-00053933-00054257 this tradition of videos even just doing
6AzeF4l7288-00191-00054258-00054629 quick module overviews of the course or
6AzeF4l7288-00192-00054629-00054785 weekly introductions which I think
6AzeF4l7288-00193-00054786-00055180 somebody also mentioned
6AzeF4l7288-00194-00055182-00055361 the social presence on the other hand
6AzeF4l7288-00195-00055362-00055661 this is more about community building so
6AzeF4l7288-00196-00055662-00055835 this is how you connect with students
6AzeF4l7288-00197-00055836-00056123 and how they connect with you
6AzeF4l7288-00198-00056124-00056291 this helps students connect with each
6AzeF4l7288-00199-00056291-00056476 other as well
6AzeF4l7288-00200-00056477-00056675 think about community building and all
6AzeF4l7288-00201-00056676-00056891 the different ways that people can
6AzeF4l7288-00202-00056891-00057059 interact with one another in your course
6AzeF4l7288-00203-00057060-00057299 and one of the things that we look for
6AzeF4l7288-00204-00057300-00057509 as online instructors is a way to
6AzeF4l7288-00205-00057510-00057707 facilitate these opportunities for
6AzeF4l7288-00206-00057708-00057887 connection
6AzeF4l7288-00207-00057888-00058073 so it also means being responsive to
6AzeF4l7288-00208-00058074-00058199 your students through timely
6AzeF4l7288-00209-00058200-00058463 communication and expecting them to hold
6AzeF4l7288-00210-00058464-00058871 to those same standards as well
6AzeF4l7288-00211-00058872-00059087 and then finally here we have the
6AzeF4l7288-00212-00059088-00059338 instructional presence in the course
6AzeF4l7288-00213-00059339-00059650 which I think may be the most familiar
6AzeF4l7288-00214-00059651-00059932 but this is essentially your role in
6AzeF4l7288-00215-00059933-00060076 facilitating students learning
6AzeF4l7288-00216-00060077-00060335 experiences in the course and so to
6AzeF4l7288-00217-00060336-00060466 enhance your presence through
6AzeF4l7288-00218-00060467-00060737 instruction you're you're thinking about
6AzeF4l7288-00219-00060738-00060988 maybe incorporating multimodal learning
6AzeF4l7288-00220-00060989-00061259 materials that provide information in
6AzeF4l7288-00221-00061260-00061535 multiple ways to your students not just
6AzeF4l7288-00222-00061536-00061804 through written communication so again
6AzeF4l7288-00223-00061805-00062026 you could have those videos you could
6AzeF4l7288-00224-00062027-00062413 have picture images you could have audio
6AzeF4l7288-00225-00062414-00062711 incorporated into your course so just
6AzeF4l7288-00226-00062712-00062861 appealing to all the different senses
6AzeF4l7288-00227-00062862-00063076 for your students to to get them engaged
6AzeF4l7288-00228-00063077-00063503 in interactive with the course content
6AzeF4l7288-00229-00063504-00063700 and you can even as we talked about
6AzeF4l7288-00230-00063701-00063863 earlier provide students with a weekly
6AzeF4l7288-00231-00063864-00064037 video of yourself explaining what they
6AzeF4l7288-00232-00064038-00064216 can expect from the course and the
6AzeF4l7288-00233-00064217-00064426 assignments and how to navigate that
6AzeF4l7288-00234-00064427-00064637 week's module or lesson plans and
6AzeF4l7288-00235-00064638-00064900 activities so sometimes we don't know
6AzeF4l7288-00236-00064901-00065123 how our students are engaging with our
6AzeF4l7288-00237-00065124-00065404 course material so you can almost serve
6AzeF4l7288-00238-00065405-00066526 as their tour guide if you will
6AzeF4l7288-00239-00066527-00066743 so I thought this might be just a good
6AzeF4l7288-00240-00066744-00067006 time here to to pause for a moment
6AzeF4l7288-00241-00067007-00067061 um
6AzeF4l7288-00242-00067062-00067235 how would you communicate and again you
6AzeF4l7288-00243-00067236-00067421 don't have to answer all of these
6AzeF4l7288-00244-00067422-00067600 um or show your presence or support your
6AzeF4l7288-00245-00067601-00067841 students in a face-to-face course
6AzeF4l7288-00246-00067842-00068056 versus how is that different from an
6AzeF4l7288-00247-00068057-00068741 online setting
6AzeF4l7288-00248-00068742-00068873 and there really is no right or wrong
6AzeF4l7288-00249-00068874-00069097 answer I'm just curious
6AzeF4l7288-00251-00073057-00073409 ah I see some activity in here you know
6AzeF4l7288-00252-00073410-00073625 showing up early or staying late in a
6AzeF4l7288-00253-00073626-00073769 face-to-face course it doesn't work as
6AzeF4l7288-00254-00073770-00073919 well in an online environment though
6AzeF4l7288-00255-00073920-00074153 because most students just show up the
6AzeF4l7288-00256-00074154-00074393 moment class starts I am guilty of that
6AzeF4l7288-00257-00074394-00074549 as well
6AzeF4l7288-00258-00074550-00075211 foreign
6AzeF4l7288-00259-00075212-00075425 but I do see some other things here
6AzeF4l7288-00260-00075426-00075726 because some of that lingering
6AzeF4l7288-00261-00075727-00075965 conversation is missing in the online
6AzeF4l7288-00262-00075966-00076391 format uh Brandon says he follows up
6AzeF4l7288-00263-00076392-00077009 with emails excellent
6AzeF4l7288-00264-00077010-00077344 right it is different right we still
6AzeF4l7288-00265-00077345-00077494 have these high expectations of our
6AzeF4l7288-00266-00077495-00077632 students but we know that the
6AzeF4l7288-00267-00077633-00078082 communication is just different
6AzeF4l7288-00268-00078083-00078250 all right well let's take a look at what
6AzeF4l7288-00269-00078251-00078491 we can do to create and sustain some of
6AzeF4l7288-00270-00078492-00078947 these connections
6AzeF4l7288-00271-00078948-00079217 so again creating and sustaining
6AzeF4l7288-00272-00079218-00079426 Connections in your online classroom
6AzeF4l7288-00273-00079427-00079637 um I know I've got this beautiful little
6AzeF4l7288-00274-00079638-00079835 diagram up here for you but some
6AzeF4l7288-00275-00079836-00080050 examples of ways to create those
6AzeF4l7288-00276-00080051-00080237 connections include developing an
6AzeF4l7288-00277-00080238-00080417 introduction discussion forum in which
6AzeF4l7288-00278-00080418-00080591 students can get to know each other and
6AzeF4l7288-00279-00080592-00080675 you
6AzeF4l7288-00280-00080676-00080849 so you do want to make sure that you ask
6AzeF4l7288-00281-00080850-00081023 your students to read through the
6AzeF4l7288-00282-00081024-00081244 introductions and to respond as well not
6AzeF4l7288-00283-00081245-00081503 just post their own but ask them to
6AzeF4l7288-00284-00081504-00081700 interact with their peers
6AzeF4l7288-00285-00081701-00081923 and again encourage your students to
6AzeF4l7288-00286-00081924-00082144 share photos and videos to create more
6AzeF4l7288-00287-00082145-00082294 opportunities to get to know each other
6AzeF4l7288-00288-00082295-00082594 and to put you know faces to names
6AzeF4l7288-00289-00082595-00082955 and also you can go ahead and do that
6AzeF4l7288-00290-00082956-00083200 yourself as well as an instructor I had
6AzeF4l7288-00291-00083201-00083482 one instructor who who introduced
6AzeF4l7288-00292-00083483-00083747 themselves while they were out recording
6AzeF4l7288-00293-00083748-00083873 a video while they were walking their
6AzeF4l7288-00294-00083874-00084137 dog it was really kind of a powerful way
6AzeF4l7288-00295-00084138-00084323 just for the students to get to know
6AzeF4l7288-00296-00084324-00084593 their instructor as a real human being
6AzeF4l7288-00297-00084594-00084832 so also make sure that you jump right in
6AzeF4l7288-00298-00084833-00085006 there as well
6AzeF4l7288-00299-00085007-00085156 another way to create and sustain
6AzeF4l7288-00300-00085157-00085306 Connections in your online course would
6AzeF4l7288-00301-00085307-00085541 be to hold at least one synchronous
6AzeF4l7288-00302-00085542-00085762 online session usually within the first
6AzeF4l7288-00303-00085763-00085925 week of class just so that you can
6AzeF4l7288-00304-00085926-00086171 interact with students and let them know
6AzeF4l7288-00305-00086172-00086381 who you are and get them you know
6AzeF4l7288-00306-00086382-00086626 talking to each other as well
6AzeF4l7288-00307-00086627-00086879 again I want to go back to this idea
6AzeF4l7288-00308-00086880-00087088 though that as online instructors try to
6AzeF4l7288-00309-00087089-00087305 think of yourself as a facilitator you
6AzeF4l7288-00310-00087306-00087473 don't have to hold the entire
6AzeF4l7288-00311-00087474-00087737 conversation you can ask your students
6AzeF4l7288-00312-00087738-00088000 to come up with ways to get involved and
6AzeF4l7288-00313-00088001-00088253 to engage with each other so you might
6AzeF4l7288-00314-00088254-00088438 ask them how would they like to
6AzeF4l7288-00315-00088439-00088768 communicate with one another what what
6AzeF4l7288-00316-00088769-00088961 are they comfortable you know
6AzeF4l7288-00317-00088962-00089317 interacting in some students may want to
6AzeF4l7288-00318-00089318-00089741 start meeting up virtually they might do
6AzeF4l7288-00319-00089742-00089975 something through social media they
6AzeF4l7288-00320-00089976-00090138 might do an email
6AzeF4l7288-00321-00090139-00090503 listserv so ask them for their input and
6AzeF4l7288-00322-00090504-00090617 and actually put some of that
6AzeF4l7288-00323-00090618-00091021 responsibility on them
6AzeF4l7288-00324-00091022-00091355 and finally alongside that just consider
6AzeF4l7288-00325-00091356-00091606 using a welcome assignment or a survey
6AzeF4l7288-00326-00091607-00091835 to ask students how you can best serve
6AzeF4l7288-00327-00091836-00091997 them and I'm going to come back to the
6AzeF4l7288-00328-00091998-00092285 survey idea in just a little bit so hang
6AzeF4l7288-00329-00092286-00092573 on to that idea but when you give your
6AzeF4l7288-00330-00092574-00092812 students a survey just ask them things
6AzeF4l7288-00331-00092813-00093082 like what are their needs challenges and
6AzeF4l7288-00332-00093083-00093299 goals and I have some specific examples
6AzeF4l7288-00333-00093300-00093461 that we'll we'll come back to here in
6AzeF4l7288-00334-00093462-00093581 just a moment
6AzeF4l7288-00335-00093582-00093779 and how can you help them figure out
6AzeF4l7288-00336-00093780-00094043 ways to be successful in light of that
6AzeF4l7288-00337-00094044-00094247 context
6AzeF4l7288-00338-00094248-00094456 so it's a little bit about asking what
6AzeF4l7288-00339-00094457-00094631 do you want out of this course but it's
6AzeF4l7288-00340-00094632-00095585 also asking them what you need
6AzeF4l7288-00341-00095586-00095843 all right so moving on to our second
6AzeF4l7288-00342-00095844-00096011 slide here still falling under the
6AzeF4l7288-00343-00096012-00096131 umbrella topic of creating and
6AzeF4l7288-00344-00096132-00096406 sustaining engagement we can think of
6AzeF4l7288-00345-00096407-00096659 this as engaging students with the
6AzeF4l7288-00346-00096660-00096743 course
6AzeF4l7288-00347-00096744-00096959 um as a way to connect with course
6AzeF4l7288-00348-00096960-00097241 materials and student interests so
6AzeF4l7288-00349-00097242-00097444 that's another way of creating that
6AzeF4l7288-00350-00097445-00097643 engagement it's not just people
6AzeF4l7288-00351-00097644-00097937 engagement it's also about the the
6AzeF4l7288-00352-00097938-00098176 content as well
6AzeF4l7288-00353-00098177-00098350 so you can use these opportunities
6AzeF4l7288-00354-00098351-00098494 you've created and get to know your
6AzeF4l7288-00355-00098495-00098687 students and kind of Leverage that
6AzeF4l7288-00356-00098688-00098849 information into connecting student
6AzeF4l7288-00357-00098850-00099100 interests into your learning materials
6AzeF4l7288-00358-00099101-00099250 activities
6AzeF4l7288-00359-00099251-00099388 um any assessment really wherever
6AzeF4l7288-00360-00099389-00099629 possible you can also share your own
6AzeF4l7288-00361-00099630-00099791 interests with students so they can get
6AzeF4l7288-00362-00099792-00100168 to know you better so again we we do
6AzeF4l7288-00363-00100169-00100367 know that students typically are
6AzeF4l7288-00364-00100368-00100673 succeeding and demonstrating all of
6AzeF4l7288-00365-00100674-00100865 their interest when they actually feel
6AzeF4l7288-00366-00100866-00101147 connected to the course so again let's
6AzeF4l7288-00367-00101148-00101338 try to push them into making connections
6AzeF4l7288-00368-00101339-00101626 between their coursework and maybe their
6AzeF4l7288-00369-00101627-00101956 profession their their goals other
6AzeF4l7288-00370-00101957-00102365 courses Hobbies interests but if they
6AzeF4l7288-00371-00102366-00102665 have some sort of interest in the topic
6AzeF4l7288-00372-00102666-00102821 or if they can find some sort of
6AzeF4l7288-00373-00102822-00102994 relevance in it they're more likely to
6AzeF4l7288-00374-00102995-00103421 retain that information
6AzeF4l7288-00375-00103422-00103708 so um and along those same lines you may
6AzeF4l7288-00376-00103709-00103997 want to ask them you know what common
6AzeF4l7288-00377-00103998-00104213 College expectations do you have in your
6AzeF4l7288-00378-00104214-00104428 course that students will be expected to
6AzeF4l7288-00379-00104429-00104663 follow across their college careers you
6AzeF4l7288-00380-00104664-00104836 know are you establishing kind of a
6AzeF4l7288-00381-00104838-00104986 baseline for them
6AzeF4l7288-00382-00104988-00105215 what are some skills and knowledge that
6AzeF4l7288-00383-00105216-00105551 will transfer over so again just looking
6AzeF4l7288-00384-00105552-00105736 for ways that they can make those
6AzeF4l7288-00385-00105738-00105995 connections and ask them to point it out
6AzeF4l7288-00386-00105996-00106181 maybe not even so much that you have to
6AzeF4l7288-00387-00106182-00106373 highlight it but ask them to find the
6AzeF4l7288-00388-00106374-00107173 relevancy to their own personal lives
6AzeF4l7288-00389-00107174-00107434 all right so moving on to the
6AzeF4l7288-00390-00107435-00107669 communication aspect and again I think
6AzeF4l7288-00391-00107670-00107807 we've touched on some of these already
6AzeF4l7288-00392-00107808-00107975 so it sounds like there's already some
6AzeF4l7288-00393-00107976-00108299 great practices going on here
6AzeF4l7288-00394-00108300-00108449 you're going to want to communicate with
6AzeF4l7288-00395-00108450-00108719 your students frequently and in multiple
6AzeF4l7288-00396-00108720-00108977 ways just in order to maintain presence
6AzeF4l7288-00397-00108978-00109102 throughout your course again we're
6AzeF4l7288-00398-00109103-00109313 trying to get away from that set it and
6AzeF4l7288-00399-00109314-00109481 forget it mentality
6AzeF4l7288-00400-00109482-00109739 so there are some different ways that
6AzeF4l7288-00401-00109740-00109978 I've jotted down that you can think of
6AzeF4l7288-00402-00109979-00110249 for when and how often to communicate
6AzeF4l7288-00403-00110250-00110566 with your students you could remind your
6AzeF4l7288-00404-00110567-00110878 students early on in the week with an
6AzeF4l7288-00405-00110879-00111040 announcement
6AzeF4l7288-00406-00111041-00111502 about upcoming due dates and deadlines
6AzeF4l7288-00407-00111503-00111719 you could create an announcement and
6AzeF4l7288-00408-00111720-00112013 send an email when grades are posted and
6AzeF4l7288-00409-00112014-00112121 you can provide any additional
6AzeF4l7288-00410-00112122-00112331 instructions such as if they need to
6AzeF4l7288-00411-00112332-00112684 check your feedback or to look at an
6AzeF4l7288-00412-00112685-00113027 interactive rubric for your commentary
6AzeF4l7288-00413-00113028-00113236 you could send out reminders about your
6AzeF4l7288-00414-00113238-00113578 Virtual Office hours including how do
6AzeF4l7288-00415-00113579-00113758 they make those appointments is it just
6AzeF4l7288-00416-00113759-00113939 drop in or is it one of those things
6AzeF4l7288-00417-00113940-00114323 where you you can schedule it online
6AzeF4l7288-00418-00114324-00114449 um
6AzeF4l7288-00419-00114450-00114623 sometimes you can just post an
6AzeF4l7288-00420-00114624-00114863 occasional midweek motivation message or
6AzeF4l7288-00421-00114864-00115007 video
6AzeF4l7288-00422-00115008-00115247 I I emphasize
6AzeF4l7288-00423-00115248-00115451 um occasional if you do it too often it
6AzeF4l7288-00424-00115452-00115684 may become Overkill but sometimes it's
6AzeF4l7288-00425-00115685-00115828 nice just to get a message from your
6AzeF4l7288-00426-00115829-00116051 instructor that isn't strictly about
6AzeF4l7288-00427-00116052-00116357 deadlines and you know due dates and and
6AzeF4l7288-00428-00116358-00116602 upcoming projects so this can be
6AzeF4l7288-00429-00116603-00116801 particularly powerful you know when they
6AzeF4l7288-00430-00116802-00117010 have a large project they're working on
6AzeF4l7288-00431-00117011-00117323 or getting close to midterms or finals
6AzeF4l7288-00432-00117324-00117552 and then you can also think about
6AzeF4l7288-00433-00117553-00117971 sending out messages in other ways so I
6AzeF4l7288-00434-00117972-00118139 know right now we have announcements up
6AzeF4l7288-00435-00118140-00118378 on here you could do emails you can also
6AzeF4l7288-00436-00118379-00118715 use the messaging tool from Blackboard
6AzeF4l7288-00437-00118716-00118984 Ultra so again you've got these
6AzeF4l7288-00438-00118985-00119134 different options for how you connect
6AzeF4l7288-00439-00119135-00119321 with your students or you could even
6AzeF4l7288-00440-00119322-00120077 post them in a discussion board
6AzeF4l7288-00441-00120078-00120281 so again I just wanted to show you
6AzeF4l7288-00442-00120282-00120397 another
6AzeF4l7288-00443-00120398-00120616 screenshot here of what this looks like
6AzeF4l7288-00444-00120617-00120815 I didn't know if any of you had ever
6AzeF4l7288-00445-00120816-00121133 used the messaging tool in uh
6AzeF4l7288-00446-00121133-00121421 Blackboard Ultra the one thing that I do
6AzeF4l7288-00447-00121422-00121534 that's a little bit different than
6AzeF4l7288-00448-00121535-00121810 what's on the screen here is um there's
6AzeF4l7288-00449-00121811-00122093 two green boxes that are checked I
6AzeF4l7288-00450-00122094-00122327 usually don't allow replies to the
6AzeF4l7288-00451-00122328-00122573 message because I don't get any alert
6AzeF4l7288-00452-00122574-00122873 that there's a new pending message
6AzeF4l7288-00453-00122874-00123166 um so if I want my my students to email
6AzeF4l7288-00454-00123167-00123377 me that would be probably a better way
6AzeF4l7288-00455-00123378-00123628 for them to contact me at least I I get
6AzeF4l7288-00456-00123629-00123886 alerts when there's a new email so
6AzeF4l7288-00457-00123888-00124049 that's the only thing that I did want to
6AzeF4l7288-00458-00124050-00124852 mention in this slide particularly
6AzeF4l7288-00459-00124853-00125299 um
6AzeF4l7288-00460-00125300-00125633 okay so another thing that I wanted to
6AzeF4l7288-00461-00125633-00125915 talk about here um is the importance of
6AzeF4l7288-00462-00125916-00126184 communicating with students kind of in a
6AzeF4l7288-00463-00126185-00126436 timely fashion and then you can also
6AzeF4l7288-00464-00126438-00126634 hold them to the same standards as well
6AzeF4l7288-00465-00126635-00127019 so for instance if you are giving your
6AzeF4l7288-00466-00127020-00127319 students something of a smaller
6AzeF4l7288-00467-00127320-00127481 assignment such as like a formative
6AzeF4l7288-00468-00127482-00127775 assessment or a learning activity you
6AzeF4l7288-00469-00127776-00127954 want to give feedback on those even if
6AzeF4l7288-00470-00127955-00128213 it's not necessarily a large quantity of
6AzeF4l7288-00471-00128214-00128434 points in the class but so that students
6AzeF4l7288-00472-00128435-00128615 know what they're doing well and they
6AzeF4l7288-00473-00128616-00128866 can continue to demonstrate those types
6AzeF4l7288-00474-00128867-00129058 of behaviors but also areas of weakness
6AzeF4l7288-00475-00129059-00129275 where they can improve so that when they
6AzeF4l7288-00476-00129276-00129419 get to those larger summative
6AzeF4l7288-00477-00129420-00129664 assessments they they feel like they've
6AzeF4l7288-00478-00129665-00129977 been you know prepared for it that
6AzeF4l7288-00479-00129978-00130157 they've been giving feedback on things
6AzeF4l7288-00480-00130158-00130397 that they need to work on
6AzeF4l7288-00481-00130398-00130534 um
6AzeF4l7288-00482-00130535-00130740 and then of course you also want to
6AzeF4l7288-00483-00130741-00131075 think about you know the the substantial
6AzeF4l7288-00484-00131076-00131285 percentage of their course grade as well
6AzeF4l7288-00485-00131286-00131519 so typically speaking if you have a
6AzeF4l7288-00486-00131520-00131728 large assignment in there you definitely
6AzeF4l7288-00487-00131729-00131957 don't just want to give a score without
6AzeF4l7288-00488-00131958-00132173 any type of feedback so that's one of
6AzeF4l7288-00489-00132174-00132407 those places where you might want to
6AzeF4l7288-00490-00132408-00132737 include some written commentary or also
6AzeF4l7288-00491-00132738-00132971 include an interactive rubric again so
6AzeF4l7288-00492-00132972-00133145 that students understand why they
6AzeF4l7288-00493-00133146-00133493 receive the course that they received
6AzeF4l7288-00494-00133494-00133763 and generally when you provide feedback
6AzeF4l7288-00495-00133764-00134159 on an assignment you should try to keep
6AzeF4l7288-00496-00134160-00134428 it in a certain time frame so A good
6AzeF4l7288-00497-00134429-00134789 rule of thumb on this is one week
6AzeF4l7288-00498-00134790-00134945 um from when you've collected an
6AzeF4l7288-00499-00134946-00135101 assignment is when students should be
6AzeF4l7288-00500-00135102-00135328 getting some type of feedback for you so
6AzeF4l7288-00501-00135329-00135485 again it's just a rule of thumb things
6AzeF4l7288-00502-00135486-00135737 may vary a little bit here and there but
6AzeF4l7288-00503-00135738-00135940 that way if you have this policy in
6AzeF4l7288-00504-00135941-00136169 place and you put it in your syllabus as
6AzeF4l7288-00505-00136170-00136349 well then your students will know when
6AzeF4l7288-00506-00136350-00137285 they can expect to hear from you
6AzeF4l7288-00507-00137286-00137645 and so yes here is my my lovely giant
6AzeF4l7288-00508-00137646-00137963 video screen here but again this idea
6AzeF4l7288-00509-00137964-00138185 that we can go back to a maintaining
6AzeF4l7288-00510-00138186-00138443 presence in our course is by including
6AzeF4l7288-00511-00138444-00138731 these videos so I think this one I used
6AzeF4l7288-00512-00138732-00139097 are video platform kiltora capture but
6AzeF4l7288-00513-00139098-00139433 you can just include brief videos it
6AzeF4l7288-00514-00139434-00139583 doesn't have to be anything fancy it
6AzeF4l7288-00515-00139584-00139816 could be two to three minutes but just
6AzeF4l7288-00516-00139817-00139943 to show students that you are
6AzeF4l7288-00517-00139944-00140135 communicating with them and it's making
6AzeF4l7288-00518-00140136-00140435 your course a little bit more personal I
6AzeF4l7288-00519-00140436-00140609 have actually heard of some students who
6AzeF4l7288-00520-00140610-00140728 they're just like oh yeah I'm taking
6AzeF4l7288-00521-00140729-00140914 some online courses and I I don't know
6AzeF4l7288-00522-00140915-00141113 who my instructor is and they said they
6AzeF4l7288-00523-00141114-00141364 all blend together so this is a way to
6AzeF4l7288-00524-00141365-00141569 stand out you know from from other
6AzeF4l7288-00525-00141570-00141875 courses
6AzeF4l7288-00526-00141876-00142357 foreign
6AzeF4l7288-00527-00142358-00142666 so moving on to establishing a
6AzeF4l7288-00528-00142667-00142919 communication plan another practice in
6AzeF4l7288-00529-00142920-00143051 communicating with your students is just
6AzeF4l7288-00530-00143052-00143302 to make sure that you respond like we
6AzeF4l7288-00531-00143303-00143549 said in that timely fashion but it also
6AzeF4l7288-00532-00143550-00143849 means not being on call 24 7 and I think
6AzeF4l7288-00533-00143850-00144004 that's something we need to stress with
6AzeF4l7288-00534-00144005-00144304 online education especially sometimes it
6AzeF4l7288-00535-00144305-00144478 just feels like
6AzeF4l7288-00536-00144479-00144707 because technology is with us everywhere
6AzeF4l7288-00537-00144708-00144869 we go you know you can take your phone
6AzeF4l7288-00538-00144870-00145181 anywhere that you need to be on call all
6AzeF4l7288-00539-00145182-00145421 the time and that is certainly not the
6AzeF4l7288-00540-00145422-00145757 case so again I would go ahead and
6AzeF4l7288-00541-00145758-00145990 develop maybe a syllabus statement go
6AzeF4l7288-00542-00145991-00146164 over it with your students
6AzeF4l7288-00543-00146165-00146369 um but you could say that anything like
6AzeF4l7288-00544-00146370-00146578 within 24 to 48 hours is a reasonable
6AzeF4l7288-00545-00146579-00146933 amount of time to expect a response and
6AzeF4l7288-00546-00146934-00147064 then make sure that whatever time frame
6AzeF4l7288-00547-00147065-00147221 that you're responding you communicate
6AzeF4l7288-00548-00147222-00147473 that clearly and frequently to your
6AzeF4l7288-00549-00147474-00147599 students
6AzeF4l7288-00550-00147600-00147814 one of the things that you can do is you
6AzeF4l7288-00551-00147815-00148078 can put a message you know kind of down
6AzeF4l7288-00552-00148079-00148283 in the signature line of your email and
6AzeF4l7288-00553-00148284-00148549 just say to students I I understand that
6AzeF4l7288-00554-00148550-00148901 you may be receiving this email during
6AzeF4l7288-00555-00148902-00149159 your off hours please don't feel
6AzeF4l7288-00556-00149160-00149578 obligated to to reply to this message
6AzeF4l7288-00557-00149579-00149789 you know and and then they know to do
6AzeF4l7288-00558-00149790-00149987 the same with you so you know like they
6AzeF4l7288-00559-00149988-00150197 might email you on the the weekend but
6AzeF4l7288-00560-00150198-00150352 it doesn't mean that you are obligated
6AzeF4l7288-00561-00150353-00150527 to drop everything you're doing on
6AzeF4l7288-00562-00150528-00150821 Saturday
6AzeF4l7288-00563-00150822-00151031 you may also want to consider holding
6AzeF4l7288-00564-00151032-00151235 regular Virtual Office hours
6AzeF4l7288-00565-00151236-00151390 um so that students can meet up with you
6AzeF4l7288-00566-00151391-00151649 one-on-one and so that would involve
6AzeF4l7288-00567-00151650-00151913 either teams um collaborate which we're
6AzeF4l7288-00568-00151914-00152231 in right now or Zoom so NIU has licensed
6AzeF4l7288-00569-00152232-00152411 all three of those products so you can
6AzeF4l7288-00570-00152412-00152663 use any of them that you like
6AzeF4l7288-00571-00152664-00152759 um
6AzeF4l7288-00572-00152760-00152897 you're interested in Virtual Office
6AzeF4l7288-00573-00152898-00153161 hours you may consider viewing the
6AzeF4l7288-00574-00153162-00153359 Virtual Office hours Workshop recording
6AzeF4l7288-00575-00153360-00153539 on our website for some additional
6AzeF4l7288-00576-00153540-00153826 details and I actually have I think a
6AzeF4l7288-00577-00153827-00154025 link that shows you how to set this up
6AzeF4l7288-00578-00154026-00154187 where students can sign up for your
6AzeF4l7288-00579-00154188-00154463 Virtual Office hours so at the end of
6AzeF4l7288-00580-00154464-00154607 this workshop I'll go ahead and I'll
6AzeF4l7288-00581-00154608-00155225 send you that link as well
6AzeF4l7288-00582-00155226-00155435 so this one I'm sorry I know it's a
6AzeF4l7288-00583-00155436-00155566 little bit smaller I probably should
6AzeF4l7288-00584-00155567-00155723 have zoomed in on it
6AzeF4l7288-00585-00155724-00155969 um but here you can outline your
6AzeF4l7288-00586-00155970-00156311 expectations for communications and your
6AzeF4l7288-00587-00156312-00156502 expectations should include what your
6AzeF4l7288-00588-00156503-00156707 students can expect from you as well as
6AzeF4l7288-00589-00156708-00156947 what you expect from them so it's a
6AzeF4l7288-00590-00156948-00157204 two-way street here and if you think
6AzeF4l7288-00591-00157205-00157349 it's necessary you could even give them
6AzeF4l7288-00592-00157350-00157540 an example of an email template to use
6AzeF4l7288-00593-00157541-00157823 when they email you this is probably
6AzeF4l7288-00594-00157824-00157954 more for if you're teaching
6AzeF4l7288-00595-00157955-00158093 undergraduates
6AzeF4l7288-00596-00158094-00158375 um but again it's just to remind them to
6AzeF4l7288-00597-00158376-00158711 maybe you know spell check it
6AzeF4l7288-00598-00158712-00158969 um indicate which course or section
6AzeF4l7288-00599-00158970-00159149 number they're in their first and last
6AzeF4l7288-00600-00159150-00159347 name things like that um just so that
6AzeF4l7288-00601-00159348-00159569 you don't have to spend a lot of time uh
6AzeF4l7288-00602-00159570-00159935 trying to decipher their emails so
6AzeF4l7288-00603-00159936-00160211 this may be something that you point out
6AzeF4l7288-00604-00160212-00160457 to them or go over in the first week of
6AzeF4l7288-00605-00160458-00161002 class
6AzeF4l7288-00606-00161003-00161231 so I do love this picture um because
6AzeF4l7288-00607-00161232-00161495 again I often hear that online courses
6AzeF4l7288-00608-00161496-00161801 feel so isolated and as somebody who is
6AzeF4l7288-00609-00161802-00162143 a big fan of online education I I
6AzeF4l7288-00610-00162144-00162449 couldn't disagree more the truth is you
6AzeF4l7288-00611-00162450-00162611 when you have an online class your
6AzeF4l7288-00612-00162612-00162833 students could be anywhere they could be
6AzeF4l7288-00613-00162834-00163025 in different time zones they could be in
6AzeF4l7288-00614-00163026-00163252 different areas of the country different
6AzeF4l7288-00615-00163253-00163535 areas of the state and so if you ask
6AzeF4l7288-00616-00163536-00163804 your students to go out into their
6AzeF4l7288-00617-00163805-00164021 surroundings and to interact with it and
6AzeF4l7288-00618-00164022-00164266 then to bring it back into this online
6AzeF4l7288-00619-00164267-00164525 environment you've created one of the
6AzeF4l7288-00620-00164526-00164771 richest cultures that you can have for
6AzeF4l7288-00621-00164772-00165137 for a class so again it's this idea that
6AzeF4l7288-00622-00165138-00165437 online courses can happen everywhere and
6AzeF4l7288-00623-00165438-00165628 you are not isolated at a computer
6AzeF4l7288-00624-00165629-00165761 station
6AzeF4l7288-00625-00165762-00166085 so you may want to start with leading by
6AzeF4l7288-00626-00166086-00166271 example again don't be afraid to show
6AzeF4l7288-00627-00166272-00166463 your students your environment and
6AzeF4l7288-00628-00166464-00166666 encourage them to show you theirs if
6AzeF4l7288-00629-00166667-00166840 they're comfortable doing so
6AzeF4l7288-00630-00166841-00167026 um but you know ask them to to share a
6AzeF4l7288-00631-00167027-00167513 picture or to talk about their culture
6AzeF4l7288-00632-00167514-00167657 if you live in the country film one of
6AzeF4l7288-00633-00167658-00167825 your videos with the corn fields behind
6AzeF4l7288-00634-00167826-00167933 you
6AzeF4l7288-00635-00167934-00168154 um you know if you live in the city you
6AzeF4l7288-00636-00168155-00168340 know bring some of the city life into
6AzeF4l7288-00637-00168341-00168659 into your background but however you can
6AzeF4l7288-00638-00168660-00168881 personalize your course go ahead and do
6AzeF4l7288-00639-00168882-00169102 it and then invite your students to see
6AzeF4l7288-00640-00169103-00169776 you if they can incorporate it as well
6AzeF4l7288-00641-00169777-00170021 all right so I feel like I've been doing
6AzeF4l7288-00642-00170022-00170164 too much talking so I'm going to turn it
6AzeF4l7288-00643-00170165-00170590 over to you
6AzeF4l7288-00644-00170591-00170813 so what is one creative way you could
6AzeF4l7288-00645-00170814-00171083 facilitate a community building exercise
6AzeF4l7288-00646-00171084-00171347 in your online course and to make it a
6AzeF4l7288-00647-00171348-00171502 little more challenging for you think
6AzeF4l7288-00648-00171503-00171664 about this both as maybe either a
6AzeF4l7288-00649-00171665-00171923 synchronous session course or what if
6AzeF4l7288-00650-00171924-00172163 your course was completely asynchronous
6AzeF4l7288-00651-00172164-00172583 how do you build that community
6AzeF4l7288-00653-00178022-00178349 I love some of these uh things that are
6AzeF4l7288-00654-00178350-00178516 coming in here short Icebreaker
6AzeF4l7288-00655-00178517-00178637 questions at the beginning of each
6AzeF4l7288-00656-00178638-00178816 synchronous session so students can get
6AzeF4l7288-00657-00178817-00179081 to know each other more wonderful a
6AzeF4l7288-00658-00179082-00179266 group scavenger hunt
6AzeF4l7288-00659-00179267-00179507 oh that's exciting for specific course
6AzeF4l7288-00660-00179508-00179776 content
6AzeF4l7288-00661-00179777-00180028 and I see one up here asynchronously you
6AzeF4l7288-00662-00180029-00180190 can ask students to post pictures of
6AzeF4l7288-00663-00180191-00180376 themselves in introduction discussion
6AzeF4l7288-00664-00180377-00180466 post
6AzeF4l7288-00665-00180467-00180671 excellent
6AzeF4l7288-00666-00180672-00180923 I was actually in a course where we had
6AzeF4l7288-00667-00180924-00181097 to introduce ourselves from the
6AzeF4l7288-00668-00181098-00181288 perspective of our car
6AzeF4l7288-00669-00181289-00181552 so that we had to describe you know the
6AzeF4l7288-00670-00181553-00181787 places that we had been and where we
6AzeF4l7288-00671-00181788-00181973 were going next it was actually very
6AzeF4l7288-00672-00181974-00182321 creative
6AzeF4l7288-00673-00182322-00182566 yes create a community Spotify playlist
6AzeF4l7288-00674-00182567-00182897 as an icebreaker I love that that works
6AzeF4l7288-00675-00182898-00183088 especially well if you have a
6AzeF4l7288-00676-00183089-00183269 synchronous course session
6AzeF4l7288-00677-00183270-00183502 um and it's also a great way if you have
6AzeF4l7288-00678-00183503-00183749 a long synchronous course session if you
6AzeF4l7288-00679-00183750-00183916 want to give your students a break you
6AzeF4l7288-00680-00183917-00184157 know five or ten minutes for for a
6AzeF4l7288-00681-00184158-00184426 restroom break you can signal that it's
6AzeF4l7288-00682-00184427-00184661 time for them to come back to class when
6AzeF4l7288-00683-00184662-00184901 you start playing some of that music
6AzeF4l7288-00684-00184902-00185104 great idea
6AzeF4l7288-00685-00185105-00185766 excellent
6AzeF4l7288-00686-00185767-00186071 all right so we can go back and look at
6AzeF4l7288-00687-00186072-00186202 some of these other ways that we can
6AzeF4l7288-00688-00186203-00186364 kind of connect with our students here
6AzeF4l7288-00689-00186365-00186593 and I know some of this is going to seem
6AzeF4l7288-00690-00186594-00186749 familiar but hopefully we can give you a
6AzeF4l7288-00691-00186750-00186947 couple of specific tips and tricks in
6AzeF4l7288-00692-00186948-00187145 here as well
6AzeF4l7288-00693-00187146-00187343 um as far as using discussion forums and
6AzeF4l7288-00694-00187344-00187559 class conversations go not everybody's
6AzeF4l7288-00695-00187560-00187852 aware of class conversations if you're
6AzeF4l7288-00696-00187853-00188093 using Blackboard Ultra this is listed
6AzeF4l7288-00697-00188094-00188314 underneath the gear icon you can enable
6AzeF4l7288-00698-00188315-00188476 conversations
6AzeF4l7288-00699-00188477-00188795 conversations basically just allow for
6AzeF4l7288-00700-00188796-00189035 kind of side chit chat some of the
6AzeF4l7288-00701-00189036-00189173 things that you said you were missing
6AzeF4l7288-00702-00189174-00189449 from a face-to-face course people can
6AzeF4l7288-00703-00189450-00189676 ask questions or make comments
6AzeF4l7288-00704-00189677-00189863 informally and it doesn't go towards
6AzeF4l7288-00705-00189864-00190126 their grade and it'll appear like a
6AzeF4l7288-00706-00190127-00190414 little purple I think discussion icon
6AzeF4l7288-00707-00190415-00190643 anytime somebody's created
6AzeF4l7288-00708-00190644-00190697 um
6AzeF4l7288-00709-00190698-00190925 one of these conversations
6AzeF4l7288-00710-00190926-00191104 so that might be something that you wish
6AzeF4l7288-00711-00191105-00191369 to enable in your courses just to again
6AzeF4l7288-00712-00191370-00191669 kind of push and nudge students into
6AzeF4l7288-00713-00191670-00191831 having some of those informal
6AzeF4l7288-00714-00191832-00191993 conversations that help build a
6AzeF4l7288-00715-00191994-00192383 community in the course
6AzeF4l7288-00716-00192384-00192678 one other tool that we have available is
6AzeF4l7288-00717-00192679-00192925 yellowdig which is an interactive
6AzeF4l7288-00718-00192926-00193361 gamified discussion board so this allows
6AzeF4l7288-00719-00193362-00193564 students to kind of pick and choose how
6AzeF4l7288-00720-00193565-00193847 and when on a communicate you're going
6AzeF4l7288-00721-00193848-00194087 to set up rules ahead of time as an
6AzeF4l7288-00722-00194088-00194326 instructor so they earn their points
6AzeF4l7288-00723-00194327-00194633 once they maybe reached a certain word
6AzeF4l7288-00724-00194634-00194909 count with their original post but they
6AzeF4l7288-00725-00194910-00195161 can also earn points when people respond
6AzeF4l7288-00726-00195162-00195502 to them or they can also earn more
6AzeF4l7288-00727-00195503-00195731 points when they make comments back and
6AzeF4l7288-00728-00195732-00196007 forth to their peers so again it's this
6AzeF4l7288-00729-00196008-00196252 idea that students can earn their points
6AzeF4l7288-00730-00196253-00196390 throughout the week but it's up to them
6AzeF4l7288-00731-00196391-00196607 to pick and choose you know exactly when
6AzeF4l7288-00732-00196608-00197178 and how often they participate
6AzeF4l7288-00733-00197179-00197464 oh and here it is I forgot to show this
6AzeF4l7288-00734-00197465-00197821 to you this is how you can enable the
6AzeF4l7288-00735-00197822-00198202 conversations in Blackboard Ultra so
6AzeF4l7288-00736-00198203-00198359 um there's just a little check box that
6AzeF4l7288-00737-00198360-00198545 allows you to
6AzeF4l7288-00738-00198546-00199571 to go ahead and turn those on
6AzeF4l7288-00739-00199572-00199876 alrighty so moving on some rules of
6AzeF4l7288-00740-00199877-00200063 thumb for participating in discussion
6AzeF4l7288-00741-00200064-00200237 boards or conversations would be to
6AzeF4l7288-00742-00200238-00200513 chime in with a comment or two every
6AzeF4l7288-00743-00200514-00200716 every week or so assuming you have a
6AzeF4l7288-00744-00200717-00200938 weekly discussion board just so that
6AzeF4l7288-00745-00200939-00201076 your students know that you're also
6AzeF4l7288-00746-00201077-00201238 engaged
6AzeF4l7288-00747-00201239-00201461 um it's this idea again of creating this
6AzeF4l7288-00748-00201462-00201688 balance you don't want to dominate
6AzeF4l7288-00749-00201689-00201928 discussion boards because otherwise
6AzeF4l7288-00750-00201929-00202150 students are going to rely too heavily
6AzeF4l7288-00751-00202151-00202564 you to to carry the conversation but if
6AzeF4l7288-00752-00202565-00202678 they don't see you in there at all
6AzeF4l7288-00753-00202679-00202816 they're going to think that you aren't
6AzeF4l7288-00754-00202817-00203014 monitoring the discussion boards and
6AzeF4l7288-00755-00203015-00203254 they might start to regard to this busy
6AzeF4l7288-00756-00203255-00203590 work so again it's this idea that you
6AzeF4l7288-00757-00203591-00203740 can still establish your instructor
6AzeF4l7288-00758-00203741-00203987 presence but you are not obligated to
6AzeF4l7288-00759-00203988-00204431 respond to every single post
6AzeF4l7288-00760-00204432-00204766 All Right Moving On
6AzeF4l7288-00761-00204767-00205019 this idea about requiring office hours I
6AzeF4l7288-00762-00205019-00205181 find this particularly powerful
6AzeF4l7288-00763-00205182-00205523 especially in online context
6AzeF4l7288-00764-00205523-00205625 um
6AzeF4l7288-00765-00205626-00205957 when you require office hours it again
6AzeF4l7288-00766-00205958-00206194 pushes your students into actually
6AzeF4l7288-00767-00206196-00206548 meeting you and getting to know you as a
6AzeF4l7288-00768-00206550-00206729 person and you're going to want to make
6AzeF4l7288-00769-00206730-00207040 the most of your time together so you
6AzeF4l7288-00770-00207041-00207310 know have them come to class with rough
6AzeF4l7288-00771-00207311-00207688 draft of an assignment or it could be
6AzeF4l7288-00772-00207689-00207977 this idea that they they need to get a
6AzeF4l7288-00773-00207978-00208258 topic approved if you have a large
6AzeF4l7288-00774-00208259-00208438 roster of students you might not be able
6AzeF4l7288-00775-00208439-00208631 to meet with everybody in a one-on-one
6AzeF4l7288-00776-00208632-00208877 setting but maybe you can divide them up
6AzeF4l7288-00777-00208878-00209098 into groups and ask that each group meet
6AzeF4l7288-00778-00209100-00209338 with you for a couple of minutes one
6AzeF4l7288-00779-00209339-00209644 week just so that you can again get to
6AzeF4l7288-00780-00209646-00209860 hear their voices and likewise they get
6AzeF4l7288-00781-00209861-00210103 to hear yours as well so
6AzeF4l7288-00782-00210104-00210484 mandating that you have at least one or
6AzeF4l7288-00783-00210485-00210748 two meetups in your course during your
6AzeF4l7288-00784-00210750-00210953 office hours is really going to help
6AzeF4l7288-00785-00210954-00211241 students kind of break this barrier of
6AzeF4l7288-00786-00211242-00211498 seeing you as an inaccessible person
6AzeF4l7288-00787-00211500-00211715 um sometimes you have to push them into
6AzeF4l7288-00788-00211716-00211937 actually coming to see you but but once
6AzeF4l7288-00789-00211938-00212141 they make that connection when they have
6AzeF4l7288-00790-00212142-00212315 more questions throughout the semester
6AzeF4l7288-00791-00212316-00212879 they're more likely to to approach you
6AzeF4l7288-00792-00212880-00213184 okay so I promised we would get back to
6AzeF4l7288-00793-00213185-00213413 this part here there's also this idea
6AzeF4l7288-00794-00213414-00213598 about Distributing a survey to your
6AzeF4l7288-00795-00213600-00213958 students and so you might want to answer
6AzeF4l7288-00796-00213959-00214127 one or both of these questions that you
6AzeF4l7288-00797-00214128-00214319 see up on the screen here you know what
6AzeF4l7288-00798-00214319-00214451 are you most interested in learning
6AzeF4l7288-00799-00214452-00214794 about or or what needs to be clarified
6AzeF4l7288-00800-00214796-00215123 these are surveys that you could keep on
6AzeF4l7288-00801-00215123-00215381 Distributing throughout the the duration
6AzeF4l7288-00802-00215382-00215663 of the semester I kind of call them exit
6AzeF4l7288-00803-00215664-00215806 slips right
6AzeF4l7288-00804-00215807-00216025 after your students have read something
6AzeF4l7288-00805-00216026-00216431 or they've watched a
6AzeF4l7288-00806-00216432-00216742 a lecture anything like that and then
6AzeF4l7288-00807-00216744-00217037 you follow up with them and you know you
6AzeF4l7288-00808-00217038-00217223 ask them you know what did they find
6AzeF4l7288-00809-00217223-00217403 most interesting
6AzeF4l7288-00810-00217404-00217613 um what is what they still find to be
6AzeF4l7288-00811-00217614-00217841 confusing but there are other types of
6AzeF4l7288-00812-00217842-00218146 surveys as well and so I I pulled one up
6AzeF4l7288-00813-00218148-00218356 that was actually shared with me by a
6AzeF4l7288-00814-00218357-00218698 faculty member here at NIU and he uses a
6AzeF4l7288-00815-00218700-00218956 survey right away in the very first week
6AzeF4l7288-00816-00218957-00219258 of class to to get to know his students
6AzeF4l7288-00817-00219259-00219592 and I've heard from other faculty that
6AzeF4l7288-00818-00219594-00219803 these surveys oh they only get so-so
6AzeF4l7288-00819-00219804-00220037 results and so sometimes I think it may
6AzeF4l7288-00820-00220038-00220181 be about
6AzeF4l7288-00821-00220182-00220379 tweaking our questions
6AzeF4l7288-00822-00220380-00220546 so
6AzeF4l7288-00823-00220548-00220817 I have a couple of questions here that
6AzeF4l7288-00824-00220817-00220996 he uses that I found particularly
6AzeF4l7288-00825-00220998-00221273 insightful and this works very well for
6AzeF4l7288-00826-00221273-00221501 online students so I'm just going to
6AzeF4l7288-00827-00221502-00221687 read off a couple of these to you to
6AzeF4l7288-00828-00221688-00221921 give you some ideas he asked for
6AzeF4l7288-00829-00221921-00222094 students to share their preferred name
6AzeF4l7288-00830-00222096-00222503 and also their pronouns optionally
6AzeF4l7288-00831-00222504-00222701 and then some other questions that
6AzeF4l7288-00832-00222702-00222910 appear are academically and
6AzeF4l7288-00833-00222911-00223115 professionally what are your plans for
6AzeF4l7288-00834-00223116-00223342 the next five years
6AzeF4l7288-00835-00223344-00223534 how might this course fit in with your
6AzeF4l7288-00836-00223535-00223841 academic and professional plans
6AzeF4l7288-00837-00223842-00224039 what characteristics has your favorite
6AzeF4l7288-00838-00224040-00224237 Professor or teacher displayed in
6AzeF4l7288-00839-00224238-00224429 helping you to learn and grow as a
6AzeF4l7288-00840-00224430-00224591 student
6AzeF4l7288-00841-00224592-00224825 consequently on the other side what
6AzeF4l7288-00842-00224826-00225017 characteristics has your least favorite
6AzeF4l7288-00843-00225017-00225221 Professor or teacher displayed in
6AzeF4l7288-00844-00225221-00225592 stunting your growth as a student
6AzeF4l7288-00845-00225594-00225779 for your online students you may want to
6AzeF4l7288-00846-00225780-00226079 ask them how are you primarily accessing
6AzeF4l7288-00847-00226080-00226342 this course and so you might even give
6AzeF4l7288-00848-00226344-00226553 them a list of options whether it's a
6AzeF4l7288-00849-00226554-00226829 desktop laptop mobile device tablet or
6AzeF4l7288-00850-00226830-00227165 other
6AzeF4l7288-00851-00227166-00227398 what is your main motivation to succeed
6AzeF4l7288-00852-00227400-00227644 academically and then the last question
6AzeF4l7288-00853-00227646-00228005 that he included has a little bit of a
6AzeF4l7288-00854-00228006-00228196 um a narrative to go with it and he says
6AzeF4l7288-00855-00228198-00228377 I can offer alternative ways of
6AzeF4l7288-00856-00228378-00228532 receiving and submitting assignments
6AzeF4l7288-00857-00228533-00228791 when I know about possible barriers
6AzeF4l7288-00858-00228792-00229103 if you anticipate any issues of
6AzeF4l7288-00859-00229104-00229294 Technology access so this could include
6AzeF4l7288-00860-00229296-00229571 internet Wi-Fi stability a shared device
6AzeF4l7288-00861-00229571-00229939 restricted bandwidth data limits etc
6AzeF4l7288-00862-00229940-00230177 for this course please describe them
6AzeF4l7288-00863-00230178-00230392 below if your situation changes at any
6AzeF4l7288-00864-00230394-00230542 time during the course please reach out
6AzeF4l7288-00865-00230544-00230698 to me and I will help you find a
6AzeF4l7288-00866-00230700-00230842 solution to continue to be more
6AzeF4l7288-00867-00230844-00231029 successful in the course
6AzeF4l7288-00868-00231030-00231208 so I just wanted to share that with you
6AzeF4l7288-00869-00231209-00231382 because I I found that to be a
6AzeF4l7288-00870-00231383-00231671 particularly insightful survey and
6AzeF4l7288-00871-00231671-00231875 sometimes students are willing to reveal
6AzeF4l7288-00872-00231876-00232055 things that we might otherwise not know
6AzeF4l7288-00873-00232056-00232210 about them
6AzeF4l7288-00874-00232211-00232517 so our online students have a lot of
6AzeF4l7288-00875-00232517-00232631 different
6AzeF4l7288-00876-00232632-00232882 um technology at their fingertips some
6AzeF4l7288-00877-00232883-00233105 have more than others and you'll be
6AzeF4l7288-00878-00233106-00233327 surprised to hear how some of them are
6AzeF4l7288-00879-00233328-00233453 connecting with you in a virtual
6AzeF4l7288-00880-00233454-00233663 environment so that may be something you
6AzeF4l7288-00881-00233664-00234403 want to include
6AzeF4l7288-00882-00234404-00234617 all right so we're getting close to the
6AzeF4l7288-00883-00234617-00234742 end here and we're doing really well on
6AzeF4l7288-00884-00234744-00234863 time so I think we'll get out a little
6AzeF4l7288-00885-00234864-00234965 early
6AzeF4l7288-00886-00234966-00235096 um but another way that we want to
6AzeF4l7288-00887-00235098-00235342 support our students learning is to
6AzeF4l7288-00888-00235344-00235589 support their success and you know
6AzeF4l7288-00889-00235590-00235732 continue to provide this instructor
6AzeF4l7288-00890-00235733-00236032 presence and that's also by making sure
6AzeF4l7288-00891-00236033-00236231 that our students have access to
6AzeF4l7288-00892-00236232-00236482 information about campus services and
6AzeF4l7288-00893-00236483-00236710 resources so you may want to have a
6AzeF4l7288-00894-00236711-00236891 section of your course dedicated to
6AzeF4l7288-00895-00236892-00236998 sharing some of these different
6AzeF4l7288-00896-00237000-00237334 resources ahead of time and I will
6AzeF4l7288-00897-00237335-00237605 actually go ahead and I will send you
6AzeF4l7288-00898-00237606-00237844 several other links that you may or may
6AzeF4l7288-00899-00237846-00238084 not be aware of that help our students
6AzeF4l7288-00900-00238085-00238379 connect with different resources but so
6AzeF4l7288-00901-00238380-00238577 some of these things we may have already
6AzeF4l7288-00902-00238578-00238751 thought about right you know if our
6AzeF4l7288-00903-00238752-00239063 students are writing essays you might
6AzeF4l7288-00904-00239064-00239260 want to remind them to connect with the
6AzeF4l7288-00905-00239261-00239560 Writing Center you know for students who
6AzeF4l7288-00906-00239561-00239746 maybe need an accommodation we should
6AzeF4l7288-00907-00239748-00239998 make sure that we give them access to
6AzeF4l7288-00908-00240000-00240431 the con contact information for the DRC
6AzeF4l7288-00909-00240432-00240671 um you know and and different students
6AzeF4l7288-00910-00240671-00240832 may be on campus so you might want to
6AzeF4l7288-00911-00240833-00241073 point them directly to a very specific
6AzeF4l7288-00912-00241073-00241331 campus resources things of that nature
6AzeF4l7288-00913-00241332-00241625 so we have a lot of different support
6AzeF4l7288-00914-00241626-00241889 units for our students and I also wanted
6AzeF4l7288-00915-00241890-00242081 to show you I'm not sure if everybody
6AzeF4l7288-00916-00242082-00242303 has seen this or not
6AzeF4l7288-00917-00242304-00242579 um but when you log into Blackboard and
6AzeF4l7288-00918-00242580-00242789 you go to the left side of the screen if
6AzeF4l7288-00919-00242790-00242975 you scroll down underneath courses
6AzeF4l7288-00920-00242976-00243160 there's this little I think it's a
6AzeF4l7288-00921-00243161-00243394 rocket but it's called Blackboard assist
6AzeF4l7288-00922-00243396-00243658 so this is a great place to direct your
6AzeF4l7288-00923-00243659-00243989 students this houses a variety of
6AzeF4l7288-00924-00243990-00244198 different departments that our students
6AzeF4l7288-00925-00244200-00244505 can access and this is maintained for us
6AzeF4l7288-00926-00244506-00244775 so we don't have to worry that the that
6AzeF4l7288-00927-00244776-00244967 the contact information isn't up to date
6AzeF4l7288-00928-00244967-00245273 so again if you've never visited this
6AzeF4l7288-00929-00245273-00245465 little tab I encourage you to do so and
6AzeF4l7288-00930-00245466-00245591 I encourage you to point it out to your
6AzeF4l7288-00931-00245592-00245944 students as well so um we we finally
6AzeF4l7288-00932-00245946-00246144 decided to house all of our information
6AzeF4l7288-00933-00246146-00246532 into one nice and neat contained area so
6AzeF4l7288-00934-00246533-00246677 this is a great place to direct your
6AzeF4l7288-00935-00246678-00246887 students but again I do have some other
6AzeF4l7288-00936-00246888-00247231 resources for you
6AzeF4l7288-00937-00247232-00247571 and um so there's the NIU Student Life
6AzeF4l7288-00938-00247571-00247805 One and I have another website that's
6AzeF4l7288-00939-00247806-00248105 all about study tips for for students so
6AzeF4l7288-00940-00248106-00248339 I will be sending those to you in a
6AzeF4l7288-00941-00248340-00248573 follow-up email as well
6AzeF4l7288-00942-00248573-00248777 um
6AzeF4l7288-00943-00248778-00248975 and let's see
6AzeF4l7288-00944-00248976-00249234 um I think we've pretty much exhausted
6AzeF4l7288-00945-00249235-00249515 our our time together maybe I rushed
6AzeF4l7288-00946-00249516-00249641 through this a little bit too quickly
6AzeF4l7288-00947-00249642-00250073 but I'm open for any questions you may
6AzeF4l7288-00948-00250073-00250289 have if there's anything specific that
6AzeF4l7288-00949-00250290-00250631 you're looking for I'm happy to locate a
6AzeF4l7288-00950-00250632-00250823 resource for you or to demonstrate
6AzeF4l7288-00951-00250823-00251008 something
6AzeF4l7288-00952-00251009-00251494 but the floor is all yours
6AzeF4l7288-00953-00251496-00251729 and I'll also go ahead and I'll turn off
6AzeF4l7288-00954-00251730-00251996 the recording
6BsMMujBUUy-00000-00000031-00001041 [Music]
6BsMMujBUUy-00001-00001042-00001415 hi there you found us here at story time
6BsMMujBUUy-00002-00001416-00001697 with this Becky I'm miss Becky and this
6BsMMujBUUy-00003-00001698-00001913 is our friend bear who loves to read
6BsMMujBUUy-00004-00001914-00002216 along with you bear is a question for
6BsMMujBUUy-00005-00002217-00002518 you would you like to go on a rescue
6BsMMujBUUy-00006-00002519-00002996 adventure yes you'd like to help good
6BsMMujBUUy-00007-00002997-00003113 for you
6BsMMujBUUy-00008-00003114-00003431 this is Gracie and her dog monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00009-00003432-00003788 they go on adventures every Saturday and
6BsMMujBUUy-00010-00003789-00004097 they are asking you to come along right
6BsMMujBUUy-00011-00004098-00004165 now
6BsMMujBUUy-00012-00004166-00004411 let's put on the magic greeting glasses
6BsMMujBUUy-00013-00004412-00004738 and see if they can figure out a way to
6BsMMujBUUy-00014-00004739-00005361 rescue a dinosaur a starship and a whale
6BsMMujBUUy-00015-00005362-00005738 who are all crying out for help
6BsMMujBUUy-00016-00005739-00006370 let's go The Adventures of Gracie and
6BsMMujBUUy-00017-00006371-00007373 monkey bear book one summer Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00018-00007373-00007753 burst into the room good morning monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00019-00007754-00008113 bear what a perfect day for an adventure
6BsMMujBUUy-00020-00008114-00008966 hmm any ideas was all his sleepy head
6BsMMujBUUy-00021-00008967-00009235 could think of I love it
6BsMMujBUUy-00022-00009236-00009539 Gracie said what a perfect plan
6BsMMujBUUy-00023-00009540-00009910 ruff said monkey bear still trying to
6BsMMujBUUy-00024-00009911-00010562 wake up look over there Gracie spotted
6BsMMujBUUy-00025-00010563-00010874 something by the fig tree her grandma
6BsMMujBUUy-00026-00010875-00011137 planted long before she was born
6BsMMujBUUy-00027-00011138-00011519 monkey bear yawned and looked for a soft
6BsMMujBUUy-00028-00011520-00011920 place to take a nap for all the girls in
6BsMMujBUUy-00029-00011921-00012377 all the worlds Gracie shouted and like
6BsMMujBUUy-00030-00012378-00012703 every Saturday before just as the Sun
6BsMMujBUUy-00031-00012704-00013001 touched her backyard Gracie and monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00032-00013002-00013096 bear were
6BsMMujBUUy-00033-00013097-00013534 on their latest adventure what is it
6BsMMujBUUy-00034-00013535-00014059 monkey bear feathers he searched puffing
6BsMMujBUUy-00035-00014060-00014463 and snorting scratching and pine nose to
6BsMMujBUUy-00036-00014465-00014860 the ground until he stopped woof
6BsMMujBUUy-00037-00014861-00015433 our first excavation Gracie said and
6BsMMujBUUy-00038-00015434-00016179 they began to dig a Tyrannosaurus Rex
6BsMMujBUUy-00039-00016180-00016627 monkey bear he's been stuck for over 60
6BsMMujBUUy-00040-00016628-00016948 million years Gracie said as a tear
6BsMMujBUUy-00041-00016949-00017506 round down his face rawr cried the sad
6BsMMujBUUy-00042-00017507-00017953 scared dinosaur don't be afraid we are
6BsMMujBUUy-00043-00017954-00018247 here to help you said Gracie gently
6BsMMujBUUy-00044-00018248-00018616 patting his muzzle rough monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00045-00018617-00019479 agreed roar roar said the happy
6BsMMujBUUy-00046-00019480-00019869 Tyrannosaurus nice to meet you stuff a
6BsMMujBUUy-00047-00019870-00020212 mus Rexach us my name is Sierra Grace
6BsMMujBUUy-00048-00020213-00020608 Jackson but grandma calls me Gracie and
6BsMMujBUUy-00049-00020609-00020914 this is Seamus but he likes to be called
6BsMMujBUUy-00050-00020915-00021235 monkey bear we will have you out in a
6BsMMujBUUy-00051-00021236-00021709 flash Rufe said monkey bear busy digging
6BsMMujBUUy-00052-00021710-00022372 with his bike tractor are our stuff a
6BsMMujBUUy-00053-00022373-00022612 must thought the world looked very scary
6BsMMujBUUy-00054-00022613-00023068 and wanted to stay in his hole it's okay
6BsMMujBUUy-00055-00023069-00023407 you're safe to come out monkey bear and
6BsMMujBUUy-00056-00023408-00023811 I will show you the way home said Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00057-00023812-00024181 roof said monkey bear offering his
6BsMMujBUUy-00058-00024182-00024388 favorite bone
6BsMMujBUUy-00059-00024389-00024683 [Music]
6BsMMujBUUy-00060-00024684-00024991 monkey bear is an expert on the late
6BsMMujBUUy-00061-00024992-00025285 cretaceous period when your family ruled
6BsMMujBUUy-00062-00025286-00025634 the land he knows the way home
6BsMMujBUUy-00063-00025635-00026406 roar roar setting excited stuff um us
6BsMMujBUUy-00064-00026407-00026686 explained monkey bear pointing to the
6BsMMujBUUy-00065-00026687-00027277 map stuff a must waved goodbye enjoy
6BsMMujBUUy-00066-00027277-00027700 Montana we will come visit soon Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00067-00027701-00028218 said a strange sound filled the air and
6BsMMujBUUy-00068-00028219-00028745 the sky turned a funny shade of blue
6BsMMujBUUy-00069-00028747-00029181 Gracie pointed to the sky a vous Sir Ian
6BsMMujBUUy-00070-00029182-00029418 starship is in trouble
6BsMMujBUUy-00071-00029419-00029782 ruff said monkey bear looking into the
6BsMMujBUUy-00072-00029783-00030462 bright sunlight Jeong Jeong shoo shoo
6BsMMujBUUy-00073-00030463-00030996 shoo vous bank Icha vaanga ji touch you
6BsMMujBUUy-00074-00030997-00031512 bow I am Jeong Jeong shoot you this
6BsMMujBUUy-00075-00031513-00031956 green giant saved my damaged starship
6BsMMujBUUy-00076-00031957-00032487 grazie ciao monkey bear wushu razuna zoo
6BsMMujBUUy-00077-00032488-00033010 ah Xiu Earth orbits you Gracie and
6BsMMujBUUy-00078-00033011-00033252 monkey bear welcome you to Planet Earth
6BsMMujBUUy-00079-00033253-00034117 said Gracie roof welcome said monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00080-00034118-00034471 bear that's right I almost forgot
6BsMMujBUUy-00081-00034472-00034992 said Gracie monkey bear Chama shoot chew
6BsMMujBUUy-00082-00034993-00035575 Toluca Club boo boo dukkha monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00083-00035576-00035854 has a boo Syrian starship repair book
6BsMMujBUUy-00084-00035855-00036208 Gracie explained woof
6BsMMujBUUy-00085-00036209-00036626 I will go and get it
6BsMMujBUUy-00086-00036627-00037235 - bland - chang-jung flu boo trouve Oh
6BsMMujBUUy-00087-00037236-00037356 horrible
6BsMMujBUUy-00088-00037357-00037800 poof poof viche that should do it Jeong
6BsMMujBUUy-00089-00037801-00038073 Jeong everything is ready to go said
6BsMMujBUUy-00090-00038074-00038437 Gracie as she tightened the last piece
6BsMMujBUUy-00091-00038438-00038952 Jeong Jeong who's CREN kazoo - Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00092-00038953-00039453 cha monkey bear rash Yuna Gracie bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00093-00039454-00039711 and monkey bear will always be my
6BsMMujBUUy-00094-00039712-00039977 friends and welcome on my home world
6BsMMujBUUy-00095-00039978-00040457 that are grateful Jeong Jeong roof I
6BsMMujBUUy-00096-00040458-00040785 added extra snacks to your starship
6BsMMujBUUy-00097-00040786-00041051 [Applause]
6BsMMujBUUy-00098-00041052-00041603 prepared to launch monkey bear roof Oh
6BsMMujBUUy-00099-00041604-00041808 JA Boosh
6BsMMujBUUy-00100-00041809-00042195 poof OH Keizo have a safe flight see you
6BsMMujBUUy-00101-00042196-00042519 soon Gracie smiled and waved goodbye to
6BsMMujBUUy-00102-00042520-00042798 Jeong Jeong as he slipped into his
6BsMMujBUUy-00103-00042799-00043340 starship and closed the hatch Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00104-00043341-00043752 heard a faraway song or maybe it was
6BsMMujBUUy-00105-00043753-00044001 humming or maybe it was nothing at all
6BsMMujBUUy-00106-00044002-00044454 but something was in the pool did you
6BsMMujBUUy-00107-00044455-00044765 hear that monkey bear she listened and
6BsMMujBUUy-00108-00044766-00045182 heard the sound again they need our help
6BsMMujBUUy-00109-00045183-00045582 were asked an upside down monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00110-00045583-00046212 feeling a little dizzy roof roof roof
6BsMMujBUUy-00111-00046213-00046632 said monkey bear I cannot understand her
6BsMMujBUUy-00112-00046633-00046935 either but I know she needs our help
6BsMMujBUUy-00113-00046936-00047259 can you design an underwater translator
6BsMMujBUUy-00114-00047260-00047385 and a submarine
6BsMMujBUUy-00115-00047386-00047936 Gracie asked roof
6BsMMujBUUy-00116-00047937-00048380 great design monkey bear I added a
6BsMMujBUUy-00117-00048381-00048705 little extra space for snacks and two
6BsMMujBUUy-00118-00048706-00049020 detachable deepwater exploring suits
6BsMMujBUUy-00119-00049021-00049577 said Gracie roof roof roof asked monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00120-00049578-00049973 bear oh that is a good question
6BsMMujBUUy-00121-00049974-00050249 Gracie looked at the wood pile and began
6BsMMujBUUy-00122-00050250-00050720 building a launch ramp we need to hurry
6BsMMujBUUy-00123-00050721-00051089 almost ready monkey bear Gracie looked
6BsMMujBUUy-00124-00051090-00051569 at her checklist snacks roof translator
6BsMMujBUUy-00125-00051570-00052085 set to whale mode roof begin countdown
6BsMMujBUUy-00126-00052086-00053417 ruff ruff ruff ruff ruff roof saying the
6BsMMujBUUy-00127-00053419-00053688 mother whale about her calf caught in an
6BsMMujBUUy-00128-00053689-00054198 old fishing net monkey bear her calf
6BsMMujBUUy-00129-00054199-00054522 will yabba is all alone in the dark and
6BsMMujBUUy-00130-00054523-00054691 needs our help
6BsMMujBUUy-00131-00054692-00055212 roof roof explained monkey bear great
6BsMMujBUUy-00132-00055213-00055509 plan we just need to find lights and
6BsMMujBUUy-00133-00055510-00055907 something to cut the net with monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00134-00055908-00056072 bear's switched the translator to
6BsMMujBUUy-00135-00056073-00056598 jellyfish and then to crab mode everyone
6BsMMujBUUy-00136-00056599-00056806 wanted to help rescue Willie otha
6BsMMujBUUy-00137-00056807-00057519 they just needed a ride prepared to
6BsMMujBUUy-00138-00057520-00057750 release the deep water exploring suits
6BsMMujBUUy-00139-00057751-00058035 monkey bear and switch the translator to
6BsMMujBUUy-00140-00058036-00058596 wailed jellyfish crab mode roof everyone
6BsMMujBUUy-00141-00058597-00058931 knows what to do operation Liberty for
6BsMMujBUUy-00142-00058932-00059255 ouya the Wonder whale begins now said
6BsMMujBUUy-00143-00059257-00059622 Gracie as they worked to free Willie
6BsMMujBUUy-00144-00059623-00059988 otha far away a familiar voice called
6BsMMujBUUy-00145-00059989-00060469 out crazy monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00146-00060470-00060996 it was time to go Gracie and monkey bear
6BsMMujBUUy-00147-00060997-00061254 waved goodbye to all their new friends
6BsMMujBUUy-00148-00061254-00061511 and floated toward the warm light
6BsMMujBUUy-00149-00061512-00061721 shining through their swimming pool
6BsMMujBUUy-00150-00061722-00062099 slowly rising closer to the loving voice
6BsMMujBUUy-00151-00062100-00062429 of their grandma Gracie
6BsMMujBUUy-00152-00062429-00063029 monkey bear and like every Saturday
6BsMMujBUUy-00153-00063030-00063338 before just as the Sun disappeared
6BsMMujBUUy-00154-00063339-00063668 behind their house Gracie and monkey
6BsMMujBUUy-00155-00063669-00063854 bear were back from their latest
6BsMMujBUUy-00156-00063855-00064316 adventure and ready for dinner
6BsMMujBUUy-00157-00064316-00064661 beers wondering which rescue adventure
6BsMMujBUUy-00158-00064662-00065051 was your favorite helping get the baby
6BsMMujBUUy-00159-00065052-00065351 whale out of that net with the jellyfish
6BsMMujBUUy-00160-00065352-00065766 and crabs helping repair the Viserion
6BsMMujBUUy-00161-00065767-00066285 starship or digging up buried t-rex so
6BsMMujBUUy-00162-00066286-00066704 he could go home well bear hopes you
6BsMMujBUUy-00163-00066705-00066941 come back soon for more adventures in
6BsMMujBUUy-00164-00066942-00067430 rescuing those who are crying help bye
6BsMMujBUUy-00165-00067431-00067479 for now
6BsMMujBUUy-00166-00067480-00067743 please subscribe
6BsMMujBUUy-00167-00067744-00069001 [Music]
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00000-00000159-00000383 my name is joe wojciechowski i'm the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00001-00000384-00000591 maintenance manager here at penn waste
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00002-00000592-00000782 well we're recycling center actually
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00003-00000783-00000966 commonly called as a murf material
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00004-00000967-00001166 recovery center and we've been here now
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00005-00001167-00001358 for seven years helping the york county
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00006-00001359-00001558 community we probably process between
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00007-00001559-00001871 550 to 600 tons a day depending on
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00008-00001872-00002118 holiday weather so as you put everything
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00009-00002119-00002287 in your bin everything gets sorted out
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00010-00002288-00002407 here through
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00011-00002408-00002695 folks on the line machines robots and
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00012-00002696-00002815 obstacles
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00013-00002816-00002975 we've had dodge bearings in the plant
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00014-00002976-00003238 the entire plant from the oem comes with
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00015-00003239-00003479 dodge everywhere in the plant they're
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00016-00003479-00003767 really easy to work with so when we were
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00017-00003768-00004022 looking a way to supplement the bearings
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00018-00004023-00004270 to help support them to help make them a
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00019-00004271-00004470 little bit better we come upon the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00020-00004471-00004647 sensors and it just seemed to be a great
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00021-00004648-00004854 marriage to take the sensor which is
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00022-00004855-00005006 looking like a really great piece of
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00023-00005007-00005206 technology with a solid bearing and just
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00024-00005207-00005359 make it that much better
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00025-00005360-00005559 before we got the sensors installed it
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00026-00005560-00005838 was really labor intensive and we had a
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00027-00005839-00006047 more than higher failure rate more than
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00028-00006048-00006199 normal that we had in the rest of the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00029-00006200-00006414 plant before the sensors we'd have two
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00030-00006415-00006623 people come in on a saturday cleaning
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00031-00006623-00006846 bearings working their way down after
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00032-00006847-00006998 about six hours you'd find a bearing
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00033-00007000-00007191 that's bad and you had to replace it
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00034-00007192-00007334 whereas now
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00035-00007336-00007614 we can come in look at the app and say
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00036-00007615-00007919 okay bearing five was at 130 degrees
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00037-00007920-00008103 before they shut down last night let's
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00038-00008104-00008295 start with that one the smart sensors
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00039-00008296-00008478 that we installed help us out
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00040-00008479-00008751 tremendously they give us a really big
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00041-00008752-00009006 snapshot of everything instead of just
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00042-00009007-00009271 guessing we can know what everything is
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00043-00009272-00009487 in an instant so the sensors give us
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00044-00009488-00009663 information such as temperature
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00045-00009664-00009871 vibration angle that the bearing is
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00046-00009872-00010095 sitting right now the sensors feed back
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00047-00010096-00010287 to a gateway or commonly known as a
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00048-00010288-00010487 router uh that information goes back to
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00049-00010488-00010631 the cloud and then you have that
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00050-00010632-00010878 information and two spots either at your
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00051-00010879-00011095 fingertips on your device your tablet
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00052-00011096-00011263 your phone or if you want to sit down at
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00053-00011264-00011478 your desktop you can see it there one or
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00054-00011479-00011646 two minutes you're on the app you're
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00055-00011647-00011831 looking you get an alert you get an
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00056-00011832-00012151 alarm so it makes our job easier safer
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00057-00012152-00012327 because now we're not doing a fire drill
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00058-00012328-00012542 you know exactly where to go
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00059-00012543-00012735 we definitely have decreased in the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00060-00012736-00012943 downtime since the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00061-00012944-00013191 sensor has been installed there's no
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00062-00013191-00013471 guesswork as to when the bearing has to
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00063-00013472-00013686 be replaced but now more importantly we
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00064-00013687-00013966 have that trend of data over two year
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00065-00013968-00014230 period to when we know there's a problem
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00066-00014231-00014422 happening so you can really control the
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00067-00014423-00014583 downtime and not have the downtime
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00068-00014584-00014791 control you it's really changed how we
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00069-00014791-00015038 do maintenance and again we we commonly
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00070-00015040-00015191 don't refer to it as preventative
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00071-00015191-00015383 maintenance anymore we really refer to
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00072-00015384-00015615 it as predicted because this data gives
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00073-00015616-00015847 us that tool in our tool pouch to really
6CR2w7rFVJQ-00074-00015847-00016208 be predictive about it
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00000-00000208-00000399 okay so uh
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00001-00000400-00000711 i'm just gonna give everybody more
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00002-00000712-00000847 announcements because
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00003-00000848-00001358 we need more announcements okay for one
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00004-00001359-00001607 my discord server is going down
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00005-00001607-00001807 temporarily
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00006-00001807-00002287 because it's trash pretty much
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00007-00002288-00002655 and then want to like add a ton of stuff
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00008-00002656-00002926 to it to make it way better so that way
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00009-00002927-00003406 it's more appealing
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00010-00003407-00003806 yeah then
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00011-00003807-00004263 so the third part of
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00012-00004264-00004679 the make a good mega man level one
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00013-00004680-00005006 mini series has actually been i've been
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00014-00005007-00005070 delaying
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00015-00005071-00005270 and putting it off because i'm lazy and
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00016-00005271-00005502 i have well and
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00017-00005503-00005702 my friend actually called me in the
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00018-00005703-00006031 middle of recording
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00019-00006032-00006343 and so i had to like restart the entire
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00020-00006344-00006375 save
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00021-00006376-00006751 file after i did the first level in tier
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00022-00006752-00007175 what is it yeah three three
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00023-00007176-00007503 and finally the part i'm
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00024-00007504-00007895 most excited about 49 subscribers
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00025-00007895-00008239 thank you one more
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00026-00008240-00008583 until we get well i get to 50
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00027-00008584-00008951 and then i'll do a live stream
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00028-00008952-00009287 or something maybe with voice i don't
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00029-00009288-00009446 know
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00030-00009447-00009774 but yeah other than that thank you for
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00031-00009775-00010063 all the subscribers in all this and your
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00032-00010064-00010287 patience
6E4_7Zs6ZaQ-00033-00010288-00010575 bye
6EoM2xoQfoE-00000-00000017-00000403 hello this is an FTM printed part in the
6EoM2xoQfoE-00001-00000404-00000784 clear Pat G material as you can see the
6EoM2xoQfoE-00002-00000785-00001066 material itself is clear but as it's
6EoM2xoQfoE-00003-00001067-00001322 printed it ends up with striations that
6EoM2xoQfoE-00004-00001323-00001525 are visible this particular part also
6EoM2xoQfoE-00005-00001526-00001691 has what's called infill which is
6EoM2xoQfoE-00006-00001692-00001946 semi-hollow pattern inside the walls of
6EoM2xoQfoE-00007-00001947-00002099 the part so that we utilize less
6EoM2xoQfoE-00008-00002100-00002350 material it's lighter weight and in some
6EoM2xoQfoE-00009-00002351-00002516 cases it's actually stronger than if it
6EoM2xoQfoE-00010-00002517-00002831 were built in solid but the point of
6EoM2xoQfoE-00011-00002832-00003104 this video is also to show the opacity
6EoM2xoQfoE-00012-00003105-00003356 or the part or the the translucency you
6EoM2xoQfoE-00013-00003357-00003613 can see that you can see my fingers
6EoM2xoQfoE-00014-00003614-00003811 behind it I'm holding it up to a sunny
6EoM2xoQfoE-00015-00003812-00004019 window so you can kind of see you can
6EoM2xoQfoE-00016-00004020-00004193 see through it really quite well and
6EoM2xoQfoE-00017-00004194-00004579 then I will also hold up a phone with a
6EoM2xoQfoE-00018-00004580-00005002 light I guess you can't see it there
6EoM2xoQfoE-00019-00005003-00005717 very well so I'm not sure how well you
6EoM2xoQfoE-00020-00005718-00006400 can see on the phone but the part
6EoM2xoQfoE-00021-00006401-00006725 actually does show light really quite
6EoM2xoQfoE-00022-00006726-00007285 well through it you will see that there
6EoM2xoQfoE-00023-00007286-00007645 are some build lines that are visible so
6EoM2xoQfoE-00024-00007647-00007853 the geometry if you have a rounded
6EoM2xoQfoE-00025-00007854-00008081 surface part you are going to see
6EoM2xoQfoE-00026-00008081-00008348 topographical style build lines on the
6EoM2xoQfoE-00027-00008349-00008674 on the part this material also is not as
6EoM2xoQfoE-00028-00008675-00009044 printed it is not watertight at pressure
6EoM2xoQfoE-00029-00009045-00009449 for an automotive lamp it may be able to
6EoM2xoQfoE-00030-00009450-00009863 to hold water but down at the edges if
6EoM2xoQfoE-00031-00009864-00010001 you have a gasket and so on you are
6EoM2xoQfoE-00032-00010002-00010184 going to have some surface aberrations
6EoM2xoQfoE-00033-00010185-00010424 that might cause some leakage so this is
6EoM2xoQfoE-00034-00010425-00010556 something that would most likely want to
6EoM2xoQfoE-00035-00010557-00010738 be used just for prototype for testing
6EoM2xoQfoE-00036-00010739-00010853 but if you're actually going to sell the
6EoM2xoQfoE-00037-00010854-00011009 units this might not be the best process
6EoM2xoQfoE-00038-00011010-00011368 in this particular application
6EEqN5MlHSU-00000-00000186-00000630 in this video we will explain how hand
6EEqN5MlHSU-00001-00000631-00001032 guns and pistols work let's take a look
6EEqN5MlHSU-00002-00001033-00001323 at the most important parts the slide is
6EEqN5MlHSU-00003-00001324-00001494 located in the upper part of the weapon
6EEqN5MlHSU-00004-00001495-00001742 the hammer spur is often called simply
6EEqN5MlHSU-00005-00001743-00002150 hammer the slide houses the firing pin
6EEqN5MlHSU-00006-00002151-00002414 on which the hammer spur hits when the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00007-00002415-00002856 trigger is pressed a crucial part of the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00008-00002857-00003883 gun is the barrel
6EEqN5MlHSU-00009-00003884-00005176 [Music]
6EEqN5MlHSU-00010-00005177-00005371 pulling the trigger will fire the gun
6EEqN5MlHSU-00011-00005372-00005779 through the movement of the sear for
6EEqN5MlHSU-00012-00005780-00005944 this the hammer struck plays an
6EEqN5MlHSU-00013-00005945-00006975 important role
6EEqN5MlHSU-00014-00006976-00007514 [Music]
6EEqN5MlHSU-00015-00007515-00007721 let us now take a close look at the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00016-00007722-00008231 individual faces if the pistol is
6EEqN5MlHSU-00017-00008232-00008417 uncocked and unloaded the slide must
6EEqN5MlHSU-00018-00008418-00008634 first be moved back by hand to [__] the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00019-00008635-00008934 pistol when the slide has moved
6EEqN5MlHSU-00020-00008935-00009173 backwards by hand the hammer is cocked
6EEqN5MlHSU-00021-00009174-00009651 the sear engages the hammer let's wind
6EEqN5MlHSU-00022-00009652-00009876 back and look again at the sear and how
6EEqN5MlHSU-00023-00009877-00011143 it engages the hammer
6EEqN5MlHSU-00024-00011144-00011365 when the slide is pushed backwards it
6EEqN5MlHSU-00025-00011366-00011698 pushes the barrel backwards too this
6EEqN5MlHSU-00026-00011699-00011860 will allow the cartridge to slide easily
6EEqN5MlHSU-00027-00011861-00012112 into the barrel the recoil spring is
6EEqN5MlHSU-00028-00012113-00012688 under tension the hammer is under
6EEqN5MlHSU-00029-00012689-00013630 tension through the hammer strut
6EEqN5MlHSU-00030-00013631-00013876 as soon as the slide is released the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00031-00013877-00014074 tension recoil spring pushes the slide
6EEqN5MlHSU-00032-00014075-00014311 forward the slide takes the cartridge
6EEqN5MlHSU-00033-00014312-00014469 with it and pushes it into the gun
6EEqN5MlHSU-00034-00014470-00014722 barrel the hammer remains cocked thanks
6EEqN5MlHSU-00035-00014722-00015632 to the sear
6EEqN5MlHSU-00036-00015633-00015882 the gun barrel returns to its initial
6EEqN5MlHSU-00037-00015883-00016253 position the gun is now loaded and
6EEqN5MlHSU-00038-00016254-00017143 cocked
6EEqN5MlHSU-00039-00017144-00017368 the grip safety prevents the gun from
6EEqN5MlHSU-00040-00017369-00018386 firing
6EEqN5MlHSU-00041-00018387-00018622 only when the guns grip is grasped by
6EEqN5MlHSU-00042-00018623-00018808 the hand the trigger can move the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00043-00018809-00019508 disconnect er and thus this year
6EEqN5MlHSU-00044-00019509-00020086 [Music]
6EEqN5MlHSU-00045-00020087-00020807 [Music]
6EEqN5MlHSU-00046-00020808-00021011 let's see it again from the side view
6EEqN5MlHSU-00047-00021012-00022058 with a firing pin
6EEqN5MlHSU-00048-00022059-00022304 when the firing pin hits the primer it
6EEqN5MlHSU-00049-00022305-00022594 ignites the propellant the projectile
6EEqN5MlHSU-00050-00022595-00022763 starts to spin because of the lands and
6EEqN5MlHSU-00051-00022764-00022936 grooves cut into the barrel to provide a
6EEqN5MlHSU-00052-00022937-00023116 stable trajectory
6EEqN5MlHSU-00053-00023117-00024082 [Music]
6EEqN5MlHSU-00054-00024083-00024268 once again from a different camera
6EEqN5MlHSU-00055-00024269-00024838 perspective after the propellant has
6EEqN5MlHSU-00056-00024839-00025021 been ignited the projectile moves
6EEqN5MlHSU-00057-00025022-00025198 forward and the slide is pushed back by
6EEqN5MlHSU-00058-00025199-00025612 the pressure consequently the case is
6EEqN5MlHSU-00059-00025613-00025807 ejected and a new cartridge is fed into
6EEqN5MlHSU-00060-00025808-00026019 the barrel the hammer is automatically
6EEqN5MlHSU-00061-00026020-00026645 cocked
6EEqN5MlHSU-00062-00026645-00026885 as soon as the trigger is released the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00063-00026886-00027164 gun can be fired again let us take
6EEqN5MlHSU-00064-00027164-00027424 another close look at this the hammer
6EEqN5MlHSU-00065-00027425-00027640 hits the firing pin and ignites the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00066-00027641-00027707 propellant
6EEqN5MlHSU-00067-00027708-00027920 this causes the slide to move backwards
6EEqN5MlHSU-00068-00027920-00028090 and pushes the disconnect or downwards
6EEqN5MlHSU-00069-00028091-00028393 so that it releases the sear thus the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00070-00028394-00028727 sear can engage the hammer when the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00071-00028727-00028921 trigger is released the disconnectors
6EEqN5MlHSU-00072-00028922-00029224 between the trigger and the sear now the
6EEqN5MlHSU-00073-00029225-00030492 gun can be fired again
6EEqN5MlHSU-00074-00030493-00030699 you
6IRb9eQjzWA-00000-00000048-00000295 hi guys welcome back to funeral so for
6IRb9eQjzWA-00001-00000296-00000495 today's video reaction we will be
6IRb9eQjzWA-00002-00000496-00000894 watching a short film entitled in upward
6IRb9eQjzWA-00003-00000896-00001119 the final minutes of world war one and
6IRb9eQjzWA-00004-00001120-00001495 created to
6IRb9eQjzWA-00005-00001496-00001614 box download so that you can connect
6IRb9eQjzWA-00006-00001616-00001791 also with the owner of the video and if
6IRb9eQjzWA-00007-00001792-00001926 you're new to my channel just click the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00008-00001927-00002079 subscribe button click on notification
6IRb9eQjzWA-00009-00002080-00002223 bell so that will be updated on our
6IRb9eQjzWA-00010-00002224-00002359 future uploads and if you have some
6IRb9eQjzWA-00011-00002360-00002583 comments and suggestions related to this
6IRb9eQjzWA-00012-00002584-00002887 video or any short films like world war
6IRb9eQjzWA-00013-00002888-00003071 one world war ii that you can suggest
6IRb9eQjzWA-00014-00003072-00003199 drop the comment section i'd love to
6IRb9eQjzWA-00015-00003200-00003359 read and span you all and make your
6IRb9eQjzWA-00016-00003360-00003606 video request oh my god i'm so excited
6IRb9eQjzWA-00017-00003607-00003751 with this one i gave you some few
6IRb9eQjzWA-00018-00003752-00003959 details with regards to this video
6IRb9eQjzWA-00019-00003960-00004119 november 11
6IRb9eQjzWA-00020-00004120-00004383 1918 and arm
6IRb9eQjzWA-00021-00004384-00004638 signaling the end of the first world war
6IRb9eQjzWA-00022-00004639-00004863 was signed shortly after 5 pm the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00023-00004864-00005127 ceasefire would come into the effect at
6IRb9eQjzWA-00024-00005128-00005543 11 am imagine from 5 pm to 11 pm
6IRb9eQjzWA-00025-00005544-00005686 let's get to it guess enjoy and you want
6IRb9eQjzWA-00026-00005687-00005806 to hear also with you at the comment
6IRb9eQjzWA-00027-00005807-00005927 section what are your thoughts with
6IRb9eQjzWA-00028-00005928-00007348 regards to this
6IRb9eQjzWA-00029-00007348-00009214 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00030-00009215-00010295 fix
6IRb9eQjzWA-00031-00010296-00010519 southern building
6IRb9eQjzWA-00032-00010520-00011135 wow
6IRb9eQjzWA-00033-00011136-00011495 i feel sad what's like
6IRb9eQjzWA-00034-00011496-00011806 on this time the soldiers are fighting
6IRb9eQjzWA-00036-00015128-00016463 there will be soup
6IRb9eQjzWA-00037-00016464-00016694 lives soldiers was
6IRb9eQjzWA-00038-00016695-00019663 lost during this fight
6IRb9eQjzWA-00039-00019664-00022407 the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00040-00022408-00022999 end
6IRb9eQjzWA-00041-00023000-00023247 these guests are very excited
6IRb9eQjzWA-00042-00023248-00023478 like the war will and that they can have
6IRb9eQjzWA-00043-00023479-00023686 a nice food
6IRb9eQjzWA-00044-00023687-00026607 celebrate with their personal fans
6IRb9eQjzWA-00045-00026608-00029455 he
6IRb9eQjzWA-00046-00029456-00030758 survived
6IRb9eQjzWA-00047-00030760-00031380 it's almost few minutes the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00048-00031381-00032327 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00049-00032327-00033261 that the war will end
6IRb9eQjzWA-00050-00033262-00033559 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00051-00033560-00034724 the shoulder
6IRb9eQjzWA-00052-00034725-00035711 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00053-00035712-00036672 is
6IRb9eQjzWA-00054-00036673-00037298 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00055-00037299-00037767 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00056-00037768-00038524 spreads
6IRb9eQjzWA-00057-00038525-00039371 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00058-00039372-00040109 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00059-00040110-00042225 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00060-00042226-00043039 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00061-00043040-00043755 and then
6IRb9eQjzWA-00062-00043756-00044677 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00063-00044678-00045400 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00064-00045401-00046632 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00065-00046633-00047640 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00066-00047641-00048335 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00067-00048336-00049229 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00068-00049230-00049331 [Applause]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00069-00049332-00050810 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00070-00050811-00050877 [Applause]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00071-00050878-00051790 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00072-00051791-00052630 war
6IRb9eQjzWA-00073-00052632-00052747 more than
6IRb9eQjzWA-00074-00052748-00052942 2500 men
6IRb9eQjzWA-00075-00052944-00054447 who died in the final hours of the war
6IRb9eQjzWA-00076-00054448-00054724 um
6IRb9eQjzWA-00077-00054725-00055166 [Music]
6IRb9eQjzWA-00078-00055167-00055487 this is truly a heartbreak saying
6IRb9eQjzWA-00079-00055488-00055742 assad a heartbreaking
6IRb9eQjzWA-00080-00055744-00056054 like short film even like in a few
6IRb9eQjzWA-00081-00056055-00056319 minutes that the war will be ended but
6IRb9eQjzWA-00082-00056320-00056511 still they are fighting with each other
6IRb9eQjzWA-00083-00056512-00056671 they are dealing with each other imagine
6IRb9eQjzWA-00084-00056672-00056854 of 2500
6IRb9eQjzWA-00085-00056855-00057182 before the war will end but still a lot
6IRb9eQjzWA-00086-00057183-00057503 of lives was lost in that time
6IRb9eQjzWA-00087-00057504-00057742 eternal memory to all those soldiers who
6IRb9eQjzWA-00088-00057744-00058015 died during this world war 1 and aguar
6IRb9eQjzWA-00089-00058016-00058263 and this is an incredible video that we
6IRb9eQjzWA-00090-00058264-00058438 really look back with the history of
6IRb9eQjzWA-00091-00058439-00058703 what's really happening and this is such
6IRb9eQjzWA-00092-00058704-00058911 an amazing one salute and much love and
6IRb9eQjzWA-00093-00058912-00059142 respect i know that you are
6IRb9eQjzWA-00094-00059144-00059359 one of those heroes to protect in the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00095-00059360-00059519 country and
6IRb9eQjzWA-00096-00059520-00059742 we really cannot imagine how you've been
6IRb9eQjzWA-00097-00059744-00060015 suffered how you struggled with those
6IRb9eQjzWA-00098-00060016-00060279 times of war and salute and much love
6IRb9eQjzWA-00099-00060279-00060391 and respect
6IRb9eQjzWA-00100-00060391-00060582 from the philippines and i hope guys you
6IRb9eQjzWA-00101-00060583-00060719 enjoyed watching with this one and if
6IRb9eQjzWA-00102-00060720-00060854 you do and if you really want to see the
6IRb9eQjzWA-00103-00060855-00061006 full video and connect with the owner of
6IRb9eQjzWA-00104-00061007-00061135 the video i'll put in the description
6IRb9eQjzWA-00105-00061136-00061335 box below if you like this video guys as
6IRb9eQjzWA-00106-00061336-00061487 soon as i did just give a massive thumbs
6IRb9eQjzWA-00107-00061488-00061638 up like and share subscribe also with my
6IRb9eQjzWA-00108-00061639-00061871 channel this is greg saying stumbles
6IRb9eQjzWA-00109-00061872-00062030 positive guys if you want to connect my
6IRb9eQjzWA-00110-00062032-00062206 social media account is in here if you
6IRb9eQjzWA-00111-00062207-00062335 want to connect my second channels in
6IRb9eQjzWA-00112-00062336-00062511 the description box below thank you so
6IRb9eQjzWA-00113-00062512-00062687 much marami salam at home of white i
6IRb9eQjzWA-00114-00062688-00062847 unlock god bless and see you in my next
6IRb9eQjzWA-00115-00062848-00064054 video reaction bye bye
6IRb9eQjzWA-00116-00064055-00064264 you
6LRWIw4Mdug-00000-00000000-00000366 [Music]
6LRWIw4Mdug-00001-00000367-00000582 so today has been a full day since
6LRWIw4Mdug-00002-00000583-00000854 morning we've been at the vatican
6LRWIw4Mdug-00003-00000855-00001095 uh met one of the important people there
6LRWIw4Mdug-00004-00001096-00001327 and also we made the direct history
6LRWIw4Mdug-00005-00001328-00001415 of
6LRWIw4Mdug-00006-00001416-00001574 hume for human development which
6LRWIw4Mdug-00007-00001575-00001823 includes environment as a big agenda so
6LRWIw4Mdug-00008-00001823-00002023 they are fully with us in supporting
6LRWIw4Mdug-00009-00002023-00002175 safe soil movement
6LRWIw4Mdug-00010-00002176-00002391 and then we also met
6LRWIw4Mdug-00011-00002392-00002550 the former president of european
6LRWIw4Mdug-00012-00002551-00002879 parliament uh he is 100 with us and uh
6LRWIw4Mdug-00013-00002880-00003047 he's also putting us up
6LRWIw4Mdug-00014-00003048-00003303 to the present european union president
6LRWIw4Mdug-00015-00003304-00003486 and he will be coming with us to
6LRWIw4Mdug-00016-00003488-00003799 brussels for a meeting and also maybe
6LRWIw4Mdug-00017-00003800-00004031 we'll address other aspects of european
6LRWIw4Mdug-00018-00004032-00004231 union because that is an important place
6LRWIw4Mdug-00019-00004232-00004575 to talk and then we had a television
6LRWIw4Mdug-00020-00004576-00004919 exposure with rei1
6LRWIw4Mdug-00021-00004920-00005054 and
6LRWIw4Mdug-00022-00005055-00005206 a very popular
6LRWIw4Mdug-00023-00005207-00005406 anchor
6LRWIw4Mdug-00024-00005407-00005591 serena
6LRWIw4Mdug-00025-00005592-00005886 we did this and uh it went very well
6LRWIw4Mdug-00026-00005887-00006127 and from there we went to fao
6LRWIw4Mdug-00027-00006128-00006510 fao is our partners now full on we met
6LRWIw4Mdug-00028-00006511-00006695 the deputy director
6LRWIw4Mdug-00029-00006695-00007070 madame semedo and she's 100 and all her
6LRWIw4Mdug-00030-00007072-00007295 staff totally with us they are
6LRWIw4Mdug-00031-00007295-00007431 acknowledging us
6LRWIw4Mdug-00032-00007431-00007655 as we are a boon for the soil scientists
6LRWIw4Mdug-00033-00007656-00007942 in the world so we just got back just a
6LRWIw4Mdug-00034-00007943-00008134 half an hour break and then there is a
6LRWIw4Mdug-00035-00008136-00008287 breast meat and then there's an indian
6LRWIw4Mdug-00036-00008288-00008527 embassy event close by
6LRWIw4Mdug-00037-00008528-00008695 so full day
6LRWIw4Mdug-00038-00008696-00009006 and rome has been very good for safe
6LRWIw4Mdug-00039-00009007-00009806 soil movement let's make it happen
6LRWIw4Mdug-00040-00009807-00010574 [Music]
6LRWIw4Mdug-00041-00010575-00011131 uh
6LRWIw4Mdug-00042-00011132-00011411 [Music]
6M4u8TZmFBk-00000-00000003-00000257 major vehicle exchange presents 2012
6M4u8TZmFBk-00001-00000258-00000542 Ford e450 cutaway wheelchair shuttle bus
6M4u8TZmFBk-00002-00000543-00000850 for sale stop number a four eight eight
6M4u8TZmFBk-00003-00000851-00001181 six this use buses clear title and is a
6M4u8TZmFBk-00004-00001182-00001418 1-owner accident free clean Auto Check
6M4u8TZmFBk-00005-00001419-00001759 report vehicle we have recondition this
6M4u8TZmFBk-00006-00001760-00001964 bus as needed and have detailed it to
6M4u8TZmFBk-00007-00001964-00002259 give it an excellent appearance clean
6M4u8TZmFBk-00008-00002260-00002500 comfortable and perfect as a transit
6M4u8TZmFBk-00009-00002501-00002714 shuttle or activity and outing vehicle
6M4u8TZmFBk-00010-00002715-00002983 for church groups adult daycare senior
6M4u8TZmFBk-00011-00002984-00003263 centers shuttle operators teams or
6M4u8TZmFBk-00012-00003264-00003590 associations the cabin looks almost new
6M4u8TZmFBk-00013-00003590-00003785 and the exterior of the bus was just
6M4u8TZmFBk-00014-00003786-00004079 repainted for elect new appearance this
6M4u8TZmFBk-00015-00004079-00004316 bus is very spacious and can accommodate
6M4u8TZmFBk-00016-00004317-00004504 up to five wheelchair positions with the
6M4u8TZmFBk-00017-00004505-00004841 flip seats up it has 6.8 liter v10
6M4u8TZmFBk-00018-00004842-00005047 Triton gas engine which is quiet and
6M4u8TZmFBk-00019-00005048-00005297 powerful all electrical and mechanical
6M4u8TZmFBk-00020-00005298-00005543 equipment is in proper working order
6M4u8TZmFBk-00021-00005544-00005786 this bus is equipped with numerous
6M4u8TZmFBk-00022-00005787-00006163 features like rear door light heavy-duty
6M4u8TZmFBk-00023-00006164-00006505 rear bumper density slider coach windows
6M4u8TZmFBk-00024-00006506-00006884 electric passenger door brown electronic
6M4u8TZmFBk-00025-00006884-00007198 wheelchair lift exterior and trim Lodi
6M4u8TZmFBk-00026-00007198-00007498 anti-lock brakes rear car fully
6M4u8TZmFBk-00027-00007500-00007694 adjustable captain's chair with lumbar
6M4u8TZmFBk-00028-00007695-00008080 support tilt wheel the 5-speed automatic
6M4u8TZmFBk-00029-00008081-00008296 transmission with overdrive shifts
6M4u8TZmFBk-00030-00008297-00008498 smoothly and the drivetrain feels like
6M4u8TZmFBk-00031-00008499-00008963 new it has 150 5256 miles on it
6M4u8TZmFBk-00032-00008964-00009356 a em FM stereo system with speakers
6M4u8TZmFBk-00033-00009357-00009677 throughout advanced fast-idle system and
6M4u8TZmFBk-00034-00009678-00009971 wheelchair safety interlock system front
6M4u8TZmFBk-00035-00009972-00010163 and rear extra high capacity air
6M4u8TZmFBk-00036-00010164-00010394 conditioning and heating fire
6M4u8TZmFBk-00037-00010395-00010703 extinguisher in first aid kit stainless
6M4u8TZmFBk-00038-00010704-00011003 steel entrance rails excellent quality
6M4u8TZmFBk-00039-00011004-00011198 versatile flip seats and vinyl for all
6M4u8TZmFBk-00040-00011199-00011413 16 passengers plus two wheel chair
6M4u8TZmFBk-00041-00011414-00011708 positions large passenger cabin will
6M4u8TZmFBk-00042-00011709-00011995 allow for comfortable group travel five
6M4u8TZmFBk-00043-00011996-00012373 double flip seats overhead handrails
6M4u8TZmFBk-00044-00012374-00012619 interior overhead lighting
6M4u8TZmFBk-00045-00012620-00012854 accommodation for up to five wheelchair
6M4u8TZmFBk-00046-00012855-00013118 positions with the flip seats up gray
6M4u8TZmFBk-00047-00013119-00013283 rubber transit floor
6M4u8TZmFBk-00048-00013284-00013499 and finally the tires with chrome wheel
6M4u8TZmFBk-00049-00013500-00013705 simulators and mud flaps are in very
6M4u8TZmFBk-00050-00013706-00014056 good to excellent condition
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00000-00000026-00000377 welcome back to life with feet I want to
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00001-00000378-00000559 tell you all a story that happened just
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00002-00000560-00000853 a couple days ago I travel a lot as a
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00003-00000855-00001127 speaker and I happen to be at an airport
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00004-00001128-00001343 lounge just relaxing in between flights
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00005-00001344-00001598 and I went to get myself a cup of coffee
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00006-00001599-00001843 from the Machine and I noticed because
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00007-00001844-00002114 the machine was almost like a mirror I
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00008-00002115-00002405 could see the people behind me and I
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00009-00002406-00002591 noticed that there was a guy standing
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00010-00002592-00002888 behind me patiently waiting while I went
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00011-00002889-00003140 to get my coffee and as I grabbed my
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00012-00003141-00003431 coffee cup with my right foot and set it
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00013-00003432-00003595 on the machine and started to press the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00014-00003596-00003913 buttons to make my cup of cappuccino he
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00015-00003914-00004106 was still standing there waiting and I
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00016-00004107-00004274 could tell he was probably watching me a
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00017-00004275-00004520 little bit and as I finished the cup of
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00018-00004521-00004772 coffee and asked Patrick to carry it
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00019-00004773-00004976 away from the machine to where I was
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00020-00004977-00005342 seated he disappeared I conclude that
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00021-00005343-00005597 probably he was uncomfortable with the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00022-00005598-00005770 fact that I was using my feet on the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00023-00005771-00006106 machine which I'm sure happens more than
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00024-00006107-00006343 more times than I can even count people
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00025-00006344-00006595 are almost disgusted with my feet
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00026-00006597-00006914 sometimes but as you know I keep my feet
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00027-00006915-00007223 very clean in fact my feet touch less
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00028-00007223-00007442 surfaces than most hands they're they're
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00029-00007443-00007580 pretty clean they're kept and shoes
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00030-00007581-00007817 they're kept away from surfaces and
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00031-00007818-00007966 touching doorknobs and things like that
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00032-00007967-00008207 and so for me my feet are probably
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00033-00008208-00008467 cleaner than most people's hands for the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00034-00008468-00008726 most part I would say this Halloween I'm
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00035-00008727-00008960 gonna test out and see how disgusted
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00036-00008961-00009239 kids will be when I reach into the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00037-00009240-00009458 container with all the candy grab it
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00038-00009459-00009678 with my toes and put it into their bags
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00039-00009679-00009983 because I think at some age there's a
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00040-00009984-00010133 point when people start to get grossed
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00041-00010134-00010360 out by feet but the younger you are I
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00042-00010361-00010523 feel like the less likely that's the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00043-00010524-00010717 case but we'll find out here on
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00044-00010718-00010991 Halloween night as I pass out the candy
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00045-00010992-00011969 to the kids with my toes
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00046-00011970-00014301 hi how are you just for celebrating the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00047-00014302-00015402 first trick-or-treater have fun this
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00048-00015403-00015615 might be an unwinnable battle trying to
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00049-00015616-00015822 convince the whole world that my feet
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00050-00015822-00016038 are just as clean as hands but at least
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00051-00016038-00016215 I can share that message here on this
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00052-00016216-00016479 channel life with feet and I'll and hope
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00053-00016480-00016692 that you can also do the same share this
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00054-00016693-00016911 with everyone you know so the message
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00055-00016912-00017187 cannot get out there and as I always ask
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00056-00017188-00017493 please like and subscribe or go to
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00057-00017494-00017736 patreon.com/scishow talks and subscribe
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00058-00017737-00017994 and please help tisha and I get this
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00059-00017995-00018194 message out there help us to change the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00060-00018195-00018477 world one video at a time to show the
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00061-00018478-00018705 world that our disability is not what
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00062-00018706-00019622 defines who we are
6MSrxYa7ZBy-00063-00019623-00019829 you
6OiaSHO7Ock-00000-00000011-00000260 the administrator and deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00001-00000261-00000422 administrator of NASA are the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00002-00000423-00000623 highest-ranked officials of NASA the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00003-00000624-00000784 Space Agency of the United States
6OiaSHO7Ock-00004-00000785-00001061 federal government the administrator
6OiaSHO7Ock-00005-00001062-00001249 serves as the senior space science
6OiaSHO7Ock-00006-00001250-00001424 advisor to the President of the United
6OiaSHO7Ock-00007-00001425-00001739 States according to NASA the role of the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00008-00001739-00002009 administrator is to lead the NASA team
6OiaSHO7Ock-00009-00002010-00002251 and manage its resources to advance the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00010-00002252-00002600 vision for space exploration the deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00011-00002601-00002840 administrator of NASA serves as the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00012-00002841-00003058 agency's second-in-command and is
6OiaSHO7Ock-00013-00003059-00003284 responsible to the administrator for
6OiaSHO7Ock-00014-00003285-00003511 providing overall leadership planning
6OiaSHO7Ock-00015-00003513-00003865 and policy direction for the agency they
6OiaSHO7Ock-00016-00003867-00004147 represent NASA - the executive office of
6OiaSHO7Ock-00017-00004148-00004403 the president Congress heads of federal
6OiaSHO7Ock-00018-00004404-00004579 and other appropriate government
6OiaSHO7Ock-00019-00004580-00004865 agencies international organizations and
6OiaSHO7Ock-00020-00004866-00005127 external organizations and communities
6OiaSHO7Ock-00021-00005128-00005465 they also oversee the day-to-day work of
6OiaSHO7Ock-00022-00005466-00005702 NASA's functional offices such as the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00023-00005703-00005945 office of the chief financial officer
6OiaSHO7Ock-00024-00005946-00006218 office of general counsel and strategic
6OiaSHO7Ock-00025-00006219-00006378 communications
6OiaSHO7Ock-00026-00006379-00006626 according to NASA referring to Shayna
6OiaSHO7Ock-00027-00006627-00006869 Dale the first administrator of NASA was
6OiaSHO7Ock-00028-00006870-00007100 dr. T Keith Glennon during his term he
6OiaSHO7Ock-00029-00007101-00007283 brought together the disparate projects
6OiaSHO7Ock-00030-00007284-00007463 in space development research in the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00031-00007464-00007774 u.s. Daniel Goldin held the post for the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00032-00007775-00008020 longest term nearly 10 years and is best
6OiaSHO7Ock-00033-00008022-00008260 known for pioneering the faster better
6OiaSHO7Ock-00034-00008261-00008624 cheaper approach to space programs the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00035-00008625-00008837 only person to hold the post twice as
6OiaSHO7Ock-00036-00008838-00009056 James C Fletcher who returned to NASA
6OiaSHO7Ock-00037-00009057-00009260 following the Challenger disaster the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00038-00009261-00009437 longest running acting deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00039-00009438-00009695 administrator was John Daly who held the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00040-00009696-00009878 post following his retirement from the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00041-00009879-00010160 United States Marine Corps the longest
6OiaSHO7Ock-00042-00010161-00010373 running full deputy administrator was
6OiaSHO7Ock-00043-00010374-00010562 Hugh Latimer Dryden who is the first
6OiaSHO7Ock-00044-00010563-00010859 deputy administrator William R Graham
6OiaSHO7Ock-00045-00010860-00010991 has held the post of deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00046-00010992-00011234 administrator twice and was the Acting
6OiaSHO7Ock-00047-00011235-00011417 Administrator in between as did
6OiaSHO7Ock-00048-00011418-00011741 Frederick D Gregory dr. Daniel Mulville
6OiaSHO7Ock-00049-00011742-00011860 served as the acting deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00050-00011861-00012092 administrator twice and was Acting
6OiaSHO7Ock-00051-00012093-00012274 Administrator in between the current
6OiaSHO7Ock-00052-00012275-00012499 administrator as Jim Britain's team who
6OiaSHO7Ock-00053-00012500-00012716 was nominated by President Donald Trump
6OiaSHO7Ock-00054-00012717-00013076 on September 1st 2017 Britain's team was
6OiaSHO7Ock-00055-00013077-00013369 confirmed on April 19th 2018 and was
6OiaSHO7Ock-00056-00013371-00013610 warned in four days later on April 23rd
6OiaSHO7Ock-00057-00013611-00014216 2018
6OiaSHO7Ock-00058-00014216-00014577 topic administrators
6OiaSHO7Ock-00059-00014578-00014783 you
6OiaSHO7Ock-00060-00014784-00015297 status
6OiaSHO7Ock-00061-00015297-00015913 topic deputy administrators
6OiaSHO7Ock-00062-00015915-00016274 you
6OiaSHO7Ock-00063-00016275-00016847 topic line of succession
6OiaSHO7Ock-00064-00016848-00017036 the line of succession for the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00065-00017037-00017158 administrator of the National
6OiaSHO7Ock-00066-00017159-00017414 Aeronautics and Space Administration is
6OiaSHO7Ock-00067-00017415-00017791 as follows deputy administrator of NASA
6OiaSHO7Ock-00068-00017792-00018094 associate administrator of NASA deputy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00069-00018095-00018296 associate administrator of NASA if
6OiaSHO7Ock-00070-00018297-00018602 applicable chief of staff to the NASA
6OiaSHO7Ock-00071-00018603-00018925 Administrator Director of Johnson Space
6OiaSHO7Ock-00072-00018926-00019297 Center Houston Texas director of Kennedy
6OiaSHO7Ock-00073-00019298-00019569 Space Center Merritt Island Florida
6OiaSHO7Ock-00074-00019570-00019796 Director of Marshall Space Flight Center
6OiaSHO7Ock-00075-00019797-00020099 Redstone Arsenal Alabama in the event of
6OiaSHO7Ock-00076-00020100-00020278 there being no deputy administrator of
6OiaSHO7Ock-00077-00020279-00020443 NASA and the associate administrator
6OiaSHO7Ock-00078-00020444-00020708 serving as Acting Administrator then the
6OiaSHO7Ock-00079-00020709-00020924 deputy associate administrator assumes
6OiaSHO7Ock-00080-00020925-00021647 the role of acting deputy administrator
6OiaSHO7Ock-00081-00021648-00022193 topic see also
6OiaSHO7Ock-00082-00022194-00022391 chairman of the National Advisory
6OiaSHO7Ock-00083-00022392-00022718 Committee for Aeronautics NASA chief
6OiaSHO7Ock-00084-00022719-00022979 scientist
6P1EycwT8OQ-00000-00000000-00000437 Panda pump I see that all right listen I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00001-00000438-00000802 am TW Dawson the CCO Punk Panda I am
6P1EycwT8OQ-00002-00000803-00001049 excited for all people come from all
6P1EycwT8OQ-00003-00001050-00001247 parts of the world for this corporate
6P1EycwT8OQ-00004-00001248-00001493 update we are excited we are going into
6P1EycwT8OQ-00005-00001494-00001763 a new phase of punk Panda and I am so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00006-00001764-00001937 excited to introduce
6P1EycwT8OQ-00007-00001938-00002291 our president Marcus Schumer to explain
6P1EycwT8OQ-00008-00002292-00002531 to us what is going on in Panda World I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00009-00002532-00002650 know you guys have been waiting for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00010-00002651-00002860 updates we're getting closer and closer
6P1EycwT8OQ-00011-00002861-00003041 and closer to that one million Mark and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00012-00003042-00003184 I know you want to hear the updates on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00013-00003185-00003551 that so Marcus please take it away sir
6P1EycwT8OQ-00014-00003552-00003761 cew thanks for the wonderful
6P1EycwT8OQ-00015-00003761-00003970 introduction and thanks for blessing us
6P1EycwT8OQ-00016-00003971-00004217 for that beautiful Panda pink T-shirt I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00017-00004218-00004320 love it
6P1EycwT8OQ-00018-00004321-00004613 so uh guys today we're gonna go through
6P1EycwT8OQ-00019-00004614-00004847 some actually some new announcements so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00020-00004848-00005015 uh make sure you're paying attention as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00021-00005016-00005243 we go through this anyone who's watching
6P1EycwT8OQ-00022-00005244-00005435 the recording go right through to the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00023-00005436-00005681 end because uh we actually have at least
6P1EycwT8OQ-00024-00005682-00005915 four brand new announcements that I know
6P1EycwT8OQ-00025-00005916-00006047 you guys are going to be interested in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00026-00006048-00006268 so let me push up the PowerPoint
6P1EycwT8OQ-00027-00006269-00006575 presentation to get into tonight and uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00028-00006576-00006875 we'll get this moving the key points
6P1EycwT8OQ-00029-00006876-00007067 we'll be talking through is a new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00030-00007068-00007295 staking program and the current options
6P1EycwT8OQ-00031-00007295-00007456 so you can get clear in your mind what
6P1EycwT8OQ-00032-00007458-00007642 the different options are we're going to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00033-00007643-00007805 give you an update on the panda app
6P1EycwT8OQ-00034-00007806-00008003 we're going to talk about the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00035-00008004-00008170 recognition of people who are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00036-00008172-00008374 introducing new members to the panda app
6P1EycwT8OQ-00037-00008375-00008687 just so we want to clarify and solidify
6P1EycwT8OQ-00038-00008688-00008939 what the right process is to get the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00039-00008940-00009203 best support from customer service and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00040-00009204-00009419 we'll be uh doing our first announcement
6P1EycwT8OQ-00041-00009420-00009833 which I guess this kind of ruins it but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00042-00009834-00010031 we're going to talk about our first nft
6P1EycwT8OQ-00043-00010032-00010445 OG collection so stay tuned for that uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00044-00010446-00010660 that will finish off with at the end
6P1EycwT8OQ-00045-00010661-00010871 so in regard to the panda app the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00046-00010872-00011105 Bentley uh really starting to roll out
6P1EycwT8OQ-00047-00011106-00011374 very smoothly now we're seeing that in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00048-00011375-00011555 the number of new accounts coming on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00049-00011556-00011959 board we do have another 40 to 50 new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00050-00011960-00012221 features that will continue to roll out
6P1EycwT8OQ-00051-00012222-00012628 we do have a new update pending in the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00052-00012629-00012880 app store for some reason
6P1EycwT8OQ-00053-00012881-00013066 um Google used to be a lot faster than
6P1EycwT8OQ-00054-00013067-00013247 Apple as far as pushing new updates into
6P1EycwT8OQ-00055-00013247-00013391 the Google store but they've really been
6P1EycwT8OQ-00056-00013391-00013685 lagging lately so what we'll likely see
6P1EycwT8OQ-00057-00013686-00013943 in the coming couple of days we'll see a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00058-00013944-00014315 new panda app into the iOS store for um
6P1EycwT8OQ-00059-00014316-00014603 for Apple users and then we'll probably
6P1EycwT8OQ-00060-00014604-00014915 push out an APK file for you to download
6P1EycwT8OQ-00061-00014916-00015275 from the punkpender.io website just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00062-00015276-00015466 because again Google Play is lagging
6P1EycwT8OQ-00063-00015468-00015629 they're not giving us problems and and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00064-00015630-00015844 denying anything they're just super slow
6P1EycwT8OQ-00065-00015845-00016193 at pushing new updates so as far as the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00066-00016194-00016408 uh the apps concerned we're really
6P1EycwT8OQ-00067-00016409-00016583 pushing the numbers now we've actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00068-00016584-00016858 just hit 9 900 000 the official count
6P1EycwT8OQ-00069-00016859-00017249 yesterday was uh 886
6P1EycwT8OQ-00070-00017250-00017507 000 and we're actually just working on a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00071-00017508-00017627 a little
6P1EycwT8OQ-00072-00017628-00017819 um countdown clock that you'll see in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00073-00017820-00018100 the next 24 hours that will go on to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00074-00018101-00018317 both websites where you actually see the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00075-00018318-00018622 live number of new uh registrations and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00076-00018623-00018863 panda app users you'll see the the total
6P1EycwT8OQ-00077-00018864-00019114 for the day and the total for the actual
6P1EycwT8OQ-00078-00019115-00019397 whole database and you know from day one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00079-00019398-00019630 this has been a community project so I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00080-00019631-00019793 just want to encourage everybody to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00081-00019794-00020039 really work together and really push for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00082-00020040-00020213 this one million Mark and and why is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00083-00020214-00020441 that important it's important number one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00084-00020442-00020627 it was a goal that we set as a company
6P1EycwT8OQ-00085-00020628-00020872 and the reason we set it as a goal to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00086-00020873-00021089 hit that one million in the first year
6P1EycwT8OQ-00087-00021090-00021377 or less and we're gonna um sort of beat
6P1EycwT8OQ-00088-00021378-00021544 that one year mark we'll do it much
6P1EycwT8OQ-00089-00021545-00021808 earlier but the reason we set that as a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00090-00021809-00022027 benchmark was because when we looked at
6P1EycwT8OQ-00091-00022028-00022271 the top companies in the different
6P1EycwT8OQ-00092-00022272-00022463 verticals where we will be bringing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00093-00022464-00022649 services to the market you know we look
6P1EycwT8OQ-00094-00022650-00022913 looked at whatsapp we looked at Viber we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00095-00022914-00023164 looked at Zoom we looked at Dropbox and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00096-00023165-00023314 we looked at those companies and and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00097-00023315-00023597 what were the key things that they all
6P1EycwT8OQ-00098-00023598-00023921 did uh that we could use as benchmarks
6P1EycwT8OQ-00099-00023922-00024197 for ourselves to also be successful and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00100-00024198-00024364 to follow in their footsteps and and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00101-00024365-00024527 potentially even Eclipse some of their
6P1EycwT8OQ-00102-00024528-00024772 results and what we found was one of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00103-00024773-00024964 those key benchmarks was every single
6P1EycwT8OQ-00104-00024965-00025211 one of those companies had one million
6P1EycwT8OQ-00105-00025212-00025571 users or or more after one year and that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00106-00025572-00025858 kind of seemed to be the launch pad for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00107-00025860-00026117 those companies to go from 1 million to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00108-00026118-00026399 three to four hundred million over the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00109-00026400-00026687 next three to four years so we are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00110-00026688-00027046 really tracking on Pace for a massive
6P1EycwT8OQ-00111-00027047-00027299 success here with Punk Panda if we can
6P1EycwT8OQ-00112-00027300-00027490 do that so I would encourage you guys
6P1EycwT8OQ-00113-00027491-00027707 new registrations really are not having
6P1EycwT8OQ-00114-00027708-00028001 too many issues at all so even if we had
6P1EycwT8OQ-00115-00028002-00028187 our existing members go and introduce
6P1EycwT8OQ-00116-00028188-00028351 one person each
6P1EycwT8OQ-00117-00028352-00028733 month that takes us to 1.8 million we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00118-00028733-00028889 know not all of our users are active
6P1EycwT8OQ-00119-00028889-00029045 some people are kind of lost their way
6P1EycwT8OQ-00120-00029045-00029195 because they've got frustrated through
6P1EycwT8OQ-00121-00029195-00029399 the time and we understand that but for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00122-00029400-00029543 those of you who are watching this and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00123-00029544-00029657 you're active
6P1EycwT8OQ-00124-00029658-00029867 um you know go and push out a message to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00125-00029868-00030089 your top 10 friends and say hey uh this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00126-00030089-00030257 app's still in development it's exciting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00127-00030258-00030412 you can earn tokens it's private and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00128-00030413-00030755 secure jump on board so use it share it
6P1EycwT8OQ-00129-00030756-00030940 own it let's focus on that share it part
6P1EycwT8OQ-00130-00030941-00031193 right now so the latest build as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00131-00031194-00031468 mentioned not only is uh coming into the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00132-00031469-00031637 app stores but it has fixed our number
6P1EycwT8OQ-00133-00031638-00031823 one problem which was a data syncing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00134-00031824-00032033 issue the main reason that was happening
6P1EycwT8OQ-00135-00032033-00032285 was with our first beta version of the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00136-00032286-00032561 app when you registered it did not ask
6P1EycwT8OQ-00137-00032562-00032812 you to enter your name during that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00138-00032813-00032987 registration process you could go into
6P1EycwT8OQ-00139-00032988-00033239 the panda app profile and add your name
6P1EycwT8OQ-00140-00033240-00033455 if you wanted to so that was actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00141-00033456-00033640 causing the syncing issue with the new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00142-00033641-00033905 Bentley app when you log in it was get
6P1EycwT8OQ-00143-00033906-00034109 stuck on please wait while you because
6P1EycwT8OQ-00144-00034110-00034295 your data is syncing and it was actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00145-00034296-00034535 looking for your name so the checks have
6P1EycwT8OQ-00146-00034536-00034774 been able to put in chat member for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00147-00034775-00034937 those people who have those fields blank
6P1EycwT8OQ-00148-00034938-00035135 and that has fixed the problem
6P1EycwT8OQ-00149-00035136-00035417 um for 99 of people uh the only people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00150-00035418-00035633 we've seen having an issue with that now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00151-00035634-00035831 is if someone's got like a really old
6P1EycwT8OQ-00152-00035832-00036071 version of a phone we are looking to try
6P1EycwT8OQ-00153-00036072-00036377 to rectify that but in the meantime
6P1EycwT8OQ-00154-00036378-00036574 um I suggest if you can to to upgrade
6P1EycwT8OQ-00155-00036575-00036809 your phone if you're on like a Android 6
6P1EycwT8OQ-00156-00036810-00037193 or or an iPhone 6
6P1EycwT8OQ-00157-00037194-00037396 um you're in a tech company so if you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00158-00037397-00037546 really want this to be part of your
6P1EycwT8OQ-00159-00037547-00037667 future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00160-00037668-00037895 um at least get with the present so you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00161-00037896-00038117 can then be a part of the future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00162-00038118-00038327 um we've added a cool new feature
6P1EycwT8OQ-00163-00038328-00038555 convenience for convenience um when you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00164-00038556-00038765 go to punkpanda.io you click on Panda
6P1EycwT8OQ-00165-00038766-00038945 Pals you can log in and see your Panda
6P1EycwT8OQ-00166-00038946-00039262 Pals details right on that dashboard you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00167-00039263-00039473 can see the total number of panda Pals
6P1EycwT8OQ-00168-00039474-00039587 now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00169-00039588-00039790 um well I apologize for that personally
6P1EycwT8OQ-00170-00039791-00040030 I didn't realize that everyone's having
6P1EycwT8OQ-00171-00040031-00040343 to go through and add up the numbers
6P1EycwT8OQ-00172-00040344-00040529 um for all their 12 levels which is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00173-00040530-00040774 ridiculous so I I didn't realize that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00174-00040775-00041039 wasn't there already and it was a quick
6P1EycwT8OQ-00175-00041040-00041195 thing to put in there so that's uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00176-00041196-00041374 something that I know will help a lot of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00177-00041375-00041524 people who are focused on their growth
6P1EycwT8OQ-00178-00041525-00041740 as far as customer service and support
6P1EycwT8OQ-00179-00041741-00042065 uh We've really streamlined that now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00180-00042066-00042299 um so to the point where the first point
6P1EycwT8OQ-00181-00042300-00042568 of call really should be to go into the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00182-00042569-00042755 telegram group the telegram Community
6P1EycwT8OQ-00183-00042756-00042940 because we have really knowledgeable
6P1EycwT8OQ-00184-00042941-00043259 really patient and helpful moderators
6P1EycwT8OQ-00185-00043260-00043451 that are Manning that telegram channel
6P1EycwT8OQ-00186-00043452-00043715 24 hours a day so it doesn't matter
6P1EycwT8OQ-00187-00043716-00043877 where you are around the world you can
6P1EycwT8OQ-00188-00043878-00044057 go in there in a fairly timely manner
6P1EycwT8OQ-00189-00044058-00044279 get an answer to your question or get
6P1EycwT8OQ-00190-00044280-00044555 directed to uh you know a document or a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00191-00044556-00044640 support
6P1EycwT8OQ-00192-00044641-00044896 document that gives you the answers to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00193-00044897-00045077 what you're looking for if for whatever
6P1EycwT8OQ-00194-00045078-00045395 reason they can't assist you with uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00195-00045396-00045689 your your question at that point they
6P1EycwT8OQ-00196-00045690-00045899 will suggest that you send an email to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00197-00045900-00046027 support
6P1EycwT8OQ-00198-00046028-00046343 punkpanda.io so that's really been
6P1EycwT8OQ-00199-00046344-00046511 improved and streamlined our customer
6P1EycwT8OQ-00200-00046512-00046702 service now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00201-00046703-00046985 um and uh that's probably the the the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00202-00046986-00047243 although cover on that one as far as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00203-00047244-00047405 recognition is concerned about but I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00204-00047406-00047530 might just hand over to you to explain
6P1EycwT8OQ-00205-00047531-00047837 what you're doing here um now uh this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00206-00047838-00048130 shows um last week's details and Albert
6P1EycwT8OQ-00207-00048131-00048340 you can talk about um you know how
6P1EycwT8OQ-00208-00048341-00048539 you're determining who these winners are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00209-00048540-00048737 and uh where we are at for this week
6P1EycwT8OQ-00210-00048738-00048874 with that as well
6P1EycwT8OQ-00211-00048875-00049001 okay
6P1EycwT8OQ-00212-00049002-00049199 um many of you have just seen that I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00213-00049200-00049512 recently posted in the um telegram group
6P1EycwT8OQ-00214-00049513-00049877 that we will not pay out anybody that's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00215-00049878-00050117 using any sort of bots
6P1EycwT8OQ-00216-00050118-00050429 so last week these four people they were
6P1EycwT8OQ-00217-00050430-00050711 not using Bots but we had suspicion this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00218-00050712-00050867 week that there were people using Bots
6P1EycwT8OQ-00219-00050868-00051046 because of similar emails and things
6P1EycwT8OQ-00220-00051047-00051251 like that you saw the post in telegram I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00221-00051252-00051490 thought go read it so right now we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00222-00051491-00051646 not determining this week's winners but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00223-00051647-00051892 these were last week's winners and uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00224-00051894-00052073 you know big congratulations went out to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00225-00052074-00052404 Rennie uh he is doing incredible he had
6P1EycwT8OQ-00226-00052405-00052799 4224 personals and in addition to that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00227-00052800-00053135 uh there was a gentleman from USA that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00228-00053136-00053494 had 497 personals but I awarded them an
6P1EycwT8OQ-00229-00053495-00053657 extra hundred dollars because they had
6P1EycwT8OQ-00230-00053658-00053897 thousands and thousands in their 12
6P1EycwT8OQ-00231-00053898-00054179 level growth and then what we are doing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00232-00054179-00054388 every week is we're just taking one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00233-00054389-00054580 lottery winner
6P1EycwT8OQ-00234-00054582-00054779 from 30 or more if you have 30 or more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00235-00054779-00054947 personal enrollments so there's less
6P1EycwT8OQ-00236-00054948-00055180 people in that group and we go through
6P1EycwT8OQ-00237-00055182-00055438 and we randomly pick one person at 30 or
6P1EycwT8OQ-00238-00055439-00055715 more and they went they'll win 50 every
6P1EycwT8OQ-00239-00055716-00055930 week and this will be every week and the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00240-00055932-00056092 winners will be announced every single
6P1EycwT8OQ-00241-00056094-00056315 Monday and then we take one Lottery
6P1EycwT8OQ-00242-00056316-00056699 person from 15 or more so the 30 or more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00243-00056700-00056866 would be included in that too so you'd
6P1EycwT8OQ-00244-00056867-00056999 have less of a chance of actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00245-00057000-00057250 winning 15 or more and then we actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00246-00057251-00057473 pick one person that had two or more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00247-00057474-00057676 which would include everybody that's in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00248-00057677-00058007 there so last week's winners so uh five
6P1EycwT8OQ-00249-00058008-00058271 of these uh seven people have contacted
6P1EycwT8OQ-00250-00058272-00058438 me and have got their winnings and we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00251-00058439-00058600 actually going to be doing a zoom call
6P1EycwT8OQ-00252-00058601-00058816 with them and they're going to share
6P1EycwT8OQ-00253-00058817-00059038 their experience of what they did and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00254-00059039-00059429 how and how they uh achieved this and um
6P1EycwT8OQ-00255-00059429-00059573 then we'll be making some more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00256-00059574-00059782 announcements on some uh different
6P1EycwT8OQ-00257-00059783-00059950 things that we're going to be doing as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00258-00059951-00060209 far as uh we might be limiting uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00259-00060210-00060329 personal enrollments that can come in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00260-00060329-00060473 per day and things like that to make
6P1EycwT8OQ-00261-00060474-00060725 sure that it's not technology bringing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00262-00060726-00060899 in fake accounts we we don't want that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00263-00060900-00061115 yeah it would make us look really good
6P1EycwT8OQ-00264-00061116-00061241 in the short term but if you guys
6P1EycwT8OQ-00265-00061241-00061480 haven't noticed we're not doing anything
6P1EycwT8OQ-00266-00061482-00061811 here for short term this is a long-term
6P1EycwT8OQ-00267-00061812-00062092 project we have 14 years left on The
6P1EycwT8OQ-00268-00062094-00062309 Mining and we're doing this and we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00269-00062310-00062519 building it the right way and that's the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00270-00062520-00062704 way we're going to continue with yeah in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00271-00062705-00062849 the short term does it make us look
6P1EycwT8OQ-00272-00062850-00062980 great that we had all these fake
6P1EycwT8OQ-00273-00062982-00063137 accounts and everything yeah until
6P1EycwT8OQ-00274-00063138-00063353 somebody takes a look and says you know
6P1EycwT8OQ-00275-00063354-00063491 over half your accounts are fake
6P1EycwT8OQ-00276-00063491-00063713 accounts and stuff so we've actually had
6P1EycwT8OQ-00277-00063714-00063929 more than 900 000 but what we've done is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00278-00063929-00064132 we've actually deducted off what we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00279-00064133-00064373 considered to be Bots and accounts being
6P1EycwT8OQ-00280-00064374-00064625 suspended and stuff so congratulations
6P1EycwT8OQ-00281-00064626-00064816 and thank you for all of you that are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00282-00064817-00064961 doing this and doing it the right way
6P1EycwT8OQ-00283-00064962-00065153 and that's the way we're going to keep
6P1EycwT8OQ-00284-00065154-00065399 this community so let me pass it back to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00285-00065400-00065650 you Marcus yeah thanks Albert and you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00286-00065651-00065903 know we I just want to reiterate that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00287-00065904-00066149 you know we people are being rewarded
6P1EycwT8OQ-00288-00066150-00066431 for sharing the app and bringing on new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00289-00066432-00066623 users anyway you know that's our basic
6P1EycwT8OQ-00290-00066624-00066893 business model is to reward and thank
6P1EycwT8OQ-00291-00066894-00067097 people for helping us to grow the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00292-00067098-00067306 database uh but this is something that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00293-00067307-00067517 we're doing just as additional and on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00294-00067518-00067685 top of that and as you can see right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00295-00067686-00067900 down the bottom here if you have just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00296-00067901-00068111 two personal enrollments for the entire
6P1EycwT8OQ-00297-00068112-00068417 week it puts you in that extra lottery
6P1EycwT8OQ-00298-00068418-00068687 um you know to win an extra actually are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00299-00068688-00068831 the ones dropped off the bottom here
6P1EycwT8OQ-00300-00068832-00069125 Albert was it 15. yep that's fifteen
6P1EycwT8OQ-00301-00069126-00069305 dollars yes so that's kind of cool
6P1EycwT8OQ-00302-00069306-00069479 that's like uh you know earning yourself
6P1EycwT8OQ-00303-00069480-00069671 50 PPM right now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00304-00069672-00069976 oh there it is 15 so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00305-00069977-00070217 um I want to clarify the staking and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00306-00070218-00070349 reward options that we've got running
6P1EycwT8OQ-00307-00070350-00070613 right now so the first one is if you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00308-00070614-00070823 have the panda app and you're sharing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00309-00070824-00071026 that and you're using the app you're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00310-00071027-00071326 automatically earning token from the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00311-00071327-00071519 smart contract every 30 minutes for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00312-00071520-00071735 having tokens that are automatically
6P1EycwT8OQ-00313-00071736-00071969 staked in the panda app and then you've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00314-00071970-00072149 got every 30 minutes you're earning
6P1EycwT8OQ-00315-00072150-00072431 tokens from your Panda Pals right so but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00316-00072432-00072688 from a staking perspective those tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00317-00072689-00072875 in your app they're locked they're being
6P1EycwT8OQ-00318-00072876-00073091 recognized to stake tokens the more you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00319-00073092-00073313 have the more percentage of that staking
6P1EycwT8OQ-00320-00073314-00073523 pool you're receiving every 30 minutes
6P1EycwT8OQ-00321-00073524-00073691 from the smart contract
6P1EycwT8OQ-00322-00073692-00073894 then we've got people who have
6P1EycwT8OQ-00323-00073895-00074087 participated during the pre-sale before
6P1EycwT8OQ-00324-00074088-00074267 we launched the token they've purchased
6P1EycwT8OQ-00325-00074268-00074506 tokens through the panda Farm back
6P1EycwT8OQ-00326-00074507-00074694 office without the login to the account
6P1EycwT8OQ-00327-00074695-00074999 and again those tokens are locked based
6P1EycwT8OQ-00328-00075000-00075179 on the vesting schedule where a certain
6P1EycwT8OQ-00329-00075180-00075503 amount are released over a 17-month
6P1EycwT8OQ-00330-00075504-00075647 vesting period
6P1EycwT8OQ-00331-00075648-00075949 so those lock tokens are also receiving
6P1EycwT8OQ-00332-00075950-00076306 extra PPM tokens every 30 minutes from
6P1EycwT8OQ-00333-00076307-00076517 the pool that's allocated to the back
6P1EycwT8OQ-00334-00076518-00076597 office
6P1EycwT8OQ-00335-00076598-00076829 for those people who are staking so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00336-00076830-00077015 every 30 minutes you're receiving more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00337-00077016-00077279 so last week we released what we believe
6P1EycwT8OQ-00338-00077280-00077512 to be an extremely exciting program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00339-00077513-00077693 which is the Bitcoin staking program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00340-00077694-00077897 I'll talk more about it on some coming
6P1EycwT8OQ-00341-00077898-00078232 slides but in essence that's also a back
6P1EycwT8OQ-00342-00078233-00078503 office private invitation only offer
6P1EycwT8OQ-00343-00078504-00078832 where people can stake purchase and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00344-00078833-00079091 stake a certain amount of PPM tokens but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00345-00079092-00079265 the rewards they get either monthly or
6P1EycwT8OQ-00346-00079266-00079462 quarterly are coming to them in Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00347-00079463-00079637 all right so we're really excited about
6P1EycwT8OQ-00348-00079638-00079847 that and actually what we believe will
6P1EycwT8OQ-00349-00079848-00080129 be happening is not just from the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00350-00080130-00080393 community we have but I really can
6P1EycwT8OQ-00351-00080394-00080705 prophesize that we'll see a new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00352-00080706-00081023 organization come into Punk Panda or one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00353-00081024-00081256 or more that maybe have been doing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00354-00081257-00081437 something that's not going so well or
6P1EycwT8OQ-00355-00081438-00081623 unfortunately maybe it's fallen over but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00356-00081624-00081767 this these people are looking for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00357-00081768-00081905 something to do where they can not only
6P1EycwT8OQ-00358-00081906-00082193 earn rewards for their own their own
6P1EycwT8OQ-00359-00082194-00082588 token staked but they can earn affiliate
6P1EycwT8OQ-00360-00082589-00082799 rewards for referring other people to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00361-00082800-00082987 the program so I really feel like
6P1EycwT8OQ-00362-00082988-00083215 there's going to be one or more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00363-00083216-00083435 significant organizations come in and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00364-00083436-00083650 are really going to push that and really
6P1EycwT8OQ-00365-00083651-00083879 push it through the roof now the final
6P1EycwT8OQ-00366-00083880-00084076 thing we're going to talk about is that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00367-00084077-00084359 when we release the token we had our D5
6P1EycwT8OQ-00368-00084360-00084550 Farm you could go to punkpanderfarm.com
6P1EycwT8OQ-00369-00084551-00084779 you could stake tokens you could Harvest
6P1EycwT8OQ-00370-00084780-00085079 them and we've got an exciting update
6P1EycwT8OQ-00371-00085080-00085409 and uh and a bit of an adjustment to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00372-00085410-00085631 that which we really feel is going to be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00373-00085632-00085871 a winner to really help to support the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00374-00085872-00086123 token price going forward so as far as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00375-00086124-00086321 the Bitcoin staking programs concerned
6P1EycwT8OQ-00376-00086322-00086549 that was pretty simple we released it if
6P1EycwT8OQ-00377-00086550-00086711 you went in and to the back office
6P1EycwT8OQ-00378-00086712-00087011 clicked on bitcoin staking program if
6P1EycwT8OQ-00379-00087012-00087197 you bought a thousand dollars or more of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00380-00087198-00087497 PPM uh staked it for one to three years
6P1EycwT8OQ-00381-00087498-00087706 you could earn anywhere from eight to 33
6P1EycwT8OQ-00382-00087707-00088043 percent per year in payouts received to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00383-00088044-00088282 you in Bitcoin so that was pretty much
6P1EycwT8OQ-00384-00088283-00088565 buy a thousand dollars worth of PPM at
6P1EycwT8OQ-00385-00088566-00088711 market rate through the back office
6P1EycwT8OQ-00386-00088712-00088967 choose to stake it for one two or three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00387-00088968-00089200 years you would also choose do you want
6P1EycwT8OQ-00388-00089201-00089435 to receive your rewards either monthly
6P1EycwT8OQ-00389-00089436-00089717 or quarterly in Bitcoin and I would
6P1EycwT8OQ-00390-00089718-00089950 actually show you a calculation of how
6P1EycwT8OQ-00391-00089951-00090155 much you'd be receiving
6P1EycwT8OQ-00392-00090156-00090461 um in uh total and also in whether
6P1EycwT8OQ-00393-00090462-00090605 whatever your monthly or quarterly
6P1EycwT8OQ-00394-00090606-00090743 payments were so you could see in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00395-00090744-00090875 advance what your returns would be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00396-00090876-00091067 before you actually go ahead and lock in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00397-00091068-00091193 that decision
6P1EycwT8OQ-00398-00091194-00091450 so we obviously are going to pay people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00399-00091451-00091697 a larger percentage if they're choosing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00400-00091698-00091943 quarterly payouts versus monthly so this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00401-00091944-00092249 example is based on somebody uh staking
6P1EycwT8OQ-00402-00092250-00092411 ten thousand dollars so if someone
6P1EycwT8OQ-00403-00092412-00092626 staked ten thousand dollars worth of PPM
6P1EycwT8OQ-00404-00092627-00092956 for one year in total they would earn
6P1EycwT8OQ-00405-00092957-00093155 twelve hundred dollars in Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00406-00093156-00093388 rewards throughout that year all right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00407-00093389-00093568 that's if they uh we're choosing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00408-00093569-00093767 quarterly rewards if they chose monthly
6P1EycwT8OQ-00409-00093768-00093935 they'd get eight hundred dollars right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00410-00093936-00094156 and right through to three years we can
6P1EycwT8OQ-00411-00094157-00094511 earn 26 to 33 annual interest
6P1EycwT8OQ-00412-00094512-00094679 um based on choosing monthly or
6P1EycwT8OQ-00413-00094680-00094768 quarterly
6P1EycwT8OQ-00414-00094769-00095044 so that's an exciting program you know a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00415-00095045-00095218 lot of people are nervous in the market
6P1EycwT8OQ-00416-00095219-00095368 right now so people are looking for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00417-00095369-00095573 something that's simple something that's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00418-00095574-00095806 hands off something that's solid and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00419-00095807-00095993 that way people are not just aligning
6P1EycwT8OQ-00420-00095994-00096149 themselves with our project but they're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00421-00096150-00096329 aligning themselves with this Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00422-00096330-00096491 halving schedule because we're kind of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00423-00096492-00096743 sitting here right now during this phase
6P1EycwT8OQ-00424-00096744-00096941 where bitcoin's kind of doing nothing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00425-00096942-00097223 really but over the next 18 months as we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00426-00097224-00097415 move towards that Bitcoin halving in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00427-00097416-00097738 April 2024 people can start to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00428-00097739-00097894 accumulate Bitcoin through being
6P1EycwT8OQ-00429-00097895-00098176 involved in this staking program uh and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00430-00098177-00098321 their dollar cost averaging themselves
6P1EycwT8OQ-00431-00098322-00098488 into the market while it's quite flat
6P1EycwT8OQ-00432-00098489-00098729 and quite low because historically what
6P1EycwT8OQ-00433-00098730-00098897 we've seen is every time there's been a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00434-00098898-00099143 halving there's been a massive upswing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00435-00099144-00099388 in the coming months after every single
6P1EycwT8OQ-00436-00099389-00099647 halving the last 12 years you know the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00437-00099648-00099893 the I think the the original one back in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00438-00099894-00100205 20 2012 was like a 600 x and then it was
6P1EycwT8OQ-00439-00100206-00100474 like a 500x and then it was like a 25x
6P1EycwT8OQ-00440-00100475-00100709 so a lot of the top analysts are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00441-00100710-00100943 suggesting that the next halving could
6P1EycwT8OQ-00442-00100944-00101176 see the Bitcoin all-time high go
6P1EycwT8OQ-00443-00101177-00101393 potentially six to eight times higher
6P1EycwT8OQ-00444-00101394-00101621 than before so we're really in in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00445-00101622-00101765 alignment here but what we've done is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00446-00101766-00101999 we've introduced a new activation offer
6P1EycwT8OQ-00447-00102000-00102232 and we did this for two reasons and it's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00448-00102233-00102468 an option where people can participate
6P1EycwT8OQ-00449-00102469-00102844 through not a thousand dollars but two
6P1EycwT8OQ-00450-00102845-00103013 hundred and fifty dollars
6P1EycwT8OQ-00451-00103014-00103192 now the reason we put this in place is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00452-00103193-00103439 because some people want to promote this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00453-00103440-00103751 program as a way to generate those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00454-00103752-00104056 um affiliate rewards for themselves but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00455-00104057-00104171 they're not in a financial position
6P1EycwT8OQ-00456-00104172-00104375 right now to put a thousand dollars in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00457-00104376-00104603 to be qualified to earn those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00458-00104604-00104890 um those affiliate rewards so this 250
6P1EycwT8OQ-00459-00104891-00105143 option allows a lot more people to get
6P1EycwT8OQ-00460-00105144-00105316 involved and start promoting this even
6P1EycwT8OQ-00461-00105317-00105484 if a thousand dollars is a stretch for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00462-00105485-00105665 them now there will be one difference
6P1EycwT8OQ-00463-00105666-00105899 between sorry two differences for those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00464-00105900-00106108 who are involved in the 250 versus a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00465-00106109-00106349 thousand or more but the 250 gets you in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00466-00106350-00106516 you can choose the one year two year
6P1EycwT8OQ-00467-00106517-00106643 three year
6P1EycwT8OQ-00468-00106644-00106847 the first difference is that if you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00469-00106848-00107152 choose this 250 plus anywhere between
6P1EycwT8OQ-00470-00107153-00107465 250 and a thousand your rewards will be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00471-00107466-00107686 paid to you annually so if you choose
6P1EycwT8OQ-00472-00107688-00107927 one year you'll get one payment at the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00473-00107928-00108125 end of that 12 months right instead of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00474-00108126-00108304 monthly or quarterly
6P1EycwT8OQ-00475-00108305-00108545 um you know uh if you choose three years
6P1EycwT8OQ-00476-00108546-00108725 you'll get three payments at the end of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00477-00108726-00109019 year one year two and year three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00478-00109020-00109186 so and again you'll see what those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00479-00109188-00109408 rewards are so we're excited to offer
6P1EycwT8OQ-00480-00109409-00109613 this to to the community I hope you're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00481-00109614-00109769 excited about it and I hope it helps you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00482-00109770-00110008 to promote the program as well because
6P1EycwT8OQ-00483-00110009-00110207 through promoting this program not only
6P1EycwT8OQ-00484-00110208-00110465 are you locking up PPM tokens that we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00485-00110466-00110602 believe are going to grow over the next
6P1EycwT8OQ-00486-00110603-00110747 one to three years for sure
6P1EycwT8OQ-00487-00110748-00110999 significantly but obviously you're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00488-00111000-00111215 accumulating the Bitcoin throughout that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00489-00111216-00111478 time but on top of that if you're in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00490-00111479-00111695 promoting this we have an affiliate
6P1EycwT8OQ-00491-00111696-00112013 program that will give you rewards paid
6P1EycwT8OQ-00492-00112014-00112240 out three levels at ten percent anyone
6P1EycwT8OQ-00493-00112241-00112402 you personally introduce four percent
6P1EycwT8OQ-00494-00112403-00112678 two percent these are paid out in real
6P1EycwT8OQ-00495-00112679-00113002 time they're paid out in PPM tokens that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00496-00113003-00113189 you can go and sell immediately on the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00497-00113190-00113375 market if you need to to liquidate those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00498-00113376-00113699 we're also paying a team growth bonus of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00499-00113700-00113873 four percent where we look at your
6P1EycwT8OQ-00500-00113874-00114107 growth uh in on a monthly basis as well
6P1EycwT8OQ-00501-00114108-00114395 to incentivize you to assist your teams
6P1EycwT8OQ-00502-00114396-00114616 down past that third level
6P1EycwT8OQ-00503-00114617-00114802 so you can introduce as many people as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00504-00114803-00115054 you want all of the details are here the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00505-00115055-00115349 main update is 250 minimum purchase when
6P1EycwT8OQ-00506-00115350-00115589 you buy your PPM tokens in ethereum Tron
6P1EycwT8OQ-00507-00115590-00115943 BMB or BMB smart chain now we did have
6P1EycwT8OQ-00508-00115944-00116236 the cutoff as October the 1st uh for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00509-00116238-00116423 anybody who to place their order to be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00510-00116424-00116573 eligible for those
6P1EycwT8OQ-00511-00116574-00116831 um these rewards we're going to extend
6P1EycwT8OQ-00512-00116832-00117083 that to October the 15th so the first
6P1EycwT8OQ-00513-00117083-00117328 commissions will be paid on the 15th but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00514-00117329-00117593 we're giving you until October the 15th
6P1EycwT8OQ-00515-00117594-00117916 to get that minimum 250 order in to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00516-00117917-00118108 qualify for any rewards in your first
6P1EycwT8OQ-00517-00118109-00118421 three levels as well all right so uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00518-00118422-00118558 that's something that we really think
6P1EycwT8OQ-00519-00118559-00118786 can help the community the next thing is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00520-00118788-00119057 really cool anybody who participates in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00521-00119058-00119266 this staking program will get full
6P1EycwT8OQ-00522-00119267-00119495 access to the panda Academy in fact
6P1EycwT8OQ-00523-00119496-00119765 we've got almost all of the 20 modules
6P1EycwT8OQ-00524-00119766-00119908 edited I've been going through them
6P1EycwT8OQ-00525-00119909-00120113 myself there's so much cool content
6P1EycwT8OQ-00526-00120114-00120413 valuable content in fact yesterday just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00527-00120414-00120610 from the four videos I watched yesterday
6P1EycwT8OQ-00528-00120611-00120904 that I I went and did two things myself
6P1EycwT8OQ-00529-00120905-00121127 that I should have been doing that I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00530-00121128-00121325 just hadn't done so it already showed to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00531-00121326-00121666 me the value of the education one of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00532-00121667-00121895 them was around security for myself and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00533-00121896-00122069 the other one was around
6P1EycwT8OQ-00534-00122070-00122302 um an action I took
6P1EycwT8OQ-00535-00122303-00122495 um to to create profit for myself in the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00536-00122496-00122752 space so anyone who's got a thousand
6P1EycwT8OQ-00537-00122753-00122908 dollars or more in the staking program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00538-00122909-00123269 gets free uh access to this first set of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00539-00123270-00123563 modules uh anyone who's got 250 will not
6P1EycwT8OQ-00540-00123564-00123754 get access to that because this program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00541-00123755-00124043 when we release it has value and we'll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00542-00124044-00124204 talk about what that pricing is when we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00543-00124205-00124504 release it in the coming weeks now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00544-00124505-00124739 um as far as the panda farm this is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00545-00124740-00124936 significant actually just before I do
6P1EycwT8OQ-00546-00124938-00125081 that um Albert do you want to say
6P1EycwT8OQ-00547-00125082-00125423 anything just uh on that uh 250 trigger
6P1EycwT8OQ-00548-00125424-00125584 level for the Bitcoin staking program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00549-00125585-00125728 before we get into
6P1EycwT8OQ-00550-00125729-00126040 um the panda Farm no and also extending
6P1EycwT8OQ-00551-00126041-00126215 to the October 15th because there's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00552-00126216-00126407 still you know we have so many people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00553-00126408-00126628 registered in the in the uh back office
6P1EycwT8OQ-00554-00126629-00126875 Forum so oh touching almost a hundred
6P1EycwT8OQ-00555-00126876-00127084 thousand a lot of people still are not
6P1EycwT8OQ-00556-00127085-00127354 aware that their people are in there and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00557-00127355-00127558 that they're in there and uh have placed
6P1EycwT8OQ-00558-00127559-00127727 orders and the leaders don't know about
6P1EycwT8OQ-00559-00127728-00128027 it yet so we feel October 15th is as a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00560-00128028-00128345 nice date and this is going to uh be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00561-00128346-00128554 able to allow their masses to get
6P1EycwT8OQ-00562-00128555-00128723 involved it was one of the things when
6P1EycwT8OQ-00563-00128724-00128854 we were talking to the leaders they said
6P1EycwT8OQ-00564-00128855-00129034 could you just have a a program that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00565-00129035-00129239 would be a little bit lower but the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00566-00129240-00129431 logistics of sending out 12 Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00567-00129432-00129683 payments that small or uh even sitting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00568-00129683-00129839 out you know three or four of them every
6P1EycwT8OQ-00569-00129840-00130121 year so we came up with this program to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00570-00130122-00130360 allow everybody to be able to uh be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00571-00130361-00130708 engaged in this program which is it's a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00572-00130709-00130852 wonderful program right now because if
6P1EycwT8OQ-00573-00130853-00131057 you're collecting the Bitcoin before the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00574-00131058-00131290 half-life you know many analysts are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00575-00131291-00131464 predicting big things on the next Bull
6P1EycwT8OQ-00576-00131465-00131657 Run whether it be a year and a half from
6P1EycwT8OQ-00577-00131658-00131783 now whether it be two and a half years
6P1EycwT8OQ-00578-00131784-00132004 from now but it all goes back to one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00579-00132005-00132257 thing anybody that's ever held Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00580-00132258-00132539 for four years has has never lost
6P1EycwT8OQ-00581-00132540-00132773 and so we're looking forward to this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00582-00132774-00132989 program really kicking off we have some
6P1EycwT8OQ-00583-00132990-00133193 companies that are looking at this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00584-00133194-00133409 and they've had problems with the down
6P1EycwT8OQ-00585-00133410-00133649 market and they're thinking this is one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00586-00133650-00133854 of the best programs that's out there
6P1EycwT8OQ-00587-00133855-00134099 ours is not going to make it so we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00588-00134100-00134249 going to come over and do the Bitcoin
6P1EycwT8OQ-00589-00134250-00134459 program with you guys uh which is being
6P1EycwT8OQ-00590-00134460-00134621 backed by the messaging app so we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00591-00134622-00134759 very excited it's going to have a big
6P1EycwT8OQ-00592-00134760-00134999 future and it's another long-term
6P1EycwT8OQ-00593-00135000-00135125 program this is a program that's going
6P1EycwT8OQ-00594-00135126-00135364 to be running for the next two years and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00595-00135365-00135569 uh I'll let you have the you already did
6P1EycwT8OQ-00596-00135570-00135731 the panda Academy anybody receiving
6P1EycwT8OQ-00597-00135732-00135935 anybody that does a thousand dollars or
6P1EycwT8OQ-00598-00135936-00136073 more in the Bitcoin staking program
6P1EycwT8OQ-00599-00136074-00136264 you're gonna have free access to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00600-00136265-00136433 everything in the panda Academy for the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00601-00136434-00136504 future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00602-00136505-00136714 very good so let me turn this back to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00603-00136715-00136877 you thanks Albert that's why I love you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00604-00136878-00137021 as a business partner mate I say you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00605-00137022-00137171 want to say anything you say no and then
6P1EycwT8OQ-00606-00137172-00137495 you talk for another five minutes
6P1EycwT8OQ-00607-00137496-00137723 you're always ready to jump in at this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00608-00137724-00137885 at the drop of a hat
6P1EycwT8OQ-00609-00137886-00138052 um so guys you are going to see the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00610-00138053-00138269 panda Academy very soon what we're going
6P1EycwT8OQ-00611-00138270-00138395 to do is we're going to give you the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00612-00138396-00138587 first everybody the first four modules
6P1EycwT8OQ-00613-00138588-00138863 for free so you can get a a taste for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00614-00138864-00139043 the presenters who they are what their
6P1EycwT8OQ-00615-00139044-00139271 background is and then the first module
6P1EycwT8OQ-00616-00139272-00139469 of content so you can get a bit of an
6P1EycwT8OQ-00617-00139470-00139619 idea of the value
6P1EycwT8OQ-00618-00139620-00139895 and then make a decision um if not just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00619-00139896-00140123 you but people you put this in front of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00620-00140124-00140333 um about the you know the content moving
6P1EycwT8OQ-00621-00140334-00140477 forward and the value that comes from
6P1EycwT8OQ-00622-00140478-00140578 this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00623-00140579-00140764 so the panda Farm you go to punkpanda
6P1EycwT8OQ-00624-00140765-00140909 farm.com
6P1EycwT8OQ-00625-00140910-00141052 um one of the things we've noticed in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00626-00141053-00141352 hindsight and it's been a a lot affected
6P1EycwT8OQ-00627-00141353-00141581 by where the market is right now we've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00628-00141582-00141737 released the token you know in a down
6P1EycwT8OQ-00629-00141738-00141887 Market a lot of people said you're crazy
6P1EycwT8OQ-00630-00141888-00142054 doing that and we said no listen we've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00631-00142055-00142247 promised the community we would list so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00632-00142248-00142451 we're listed uh and you know we've been
6P1EycwT8OQ-00633-00142452-00142631 affected as far as token price like
6P1EycwT8OQ-00634-00142632-00142895 every month every single token
6P1EycwT8OQ-00635-00142896-00143093 um you know Bitcoins down ethereum's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00636-00143094-00143231 down if they're down
6P1EycwT8OQ-00637-00143232-00143369 um it's a pretty good effort if you're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00638-00143370-00143519 going against the trend for any period
6P1EycwT8OQ-00639-00143520-00143716 of time but when one of the things we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00640-00143717-00143939 noticed is that you know when when a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00641-00143940-00144269 defy um offer hits hits the market quite
6P1EycwT8OQ-00642-00144270-00144521 often what a company will do is they'll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00643-00144522-00144814 give a really large amount of tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00644-00144815-00145102 into that pool to incentivize people to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00645-00145103-00145264 come in early
6P1EycwT8OQ-00646-00145265-00145439 um and and to really get attention on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00647-00145440-00145714 the project and for us um we were happy
6P1EycwT8OQ-00648-00145715-00146021 to do that but because we had no lock-up
6P1EycwT8OQ-00649-00146022-00146219 periods for the staking
6P1EycwT8OQ-00650-00146220-00146387 um it kind of really did hurt the token
6P1EycwT8OQ-00651-00146388-00146554 price because what we've seen over the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00652-00146555-00146747 last two three months is you know people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00653-00146748-00146902 have gone in they've bought tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00654-00146903-00147149 they've staked them and they're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00655-00147150-00147316 harvesting and selling them pretty much
6P1EycwT8OQ-00656-00147317-00147509 on a daily basis and so they're really
6P1EycwT8OQ-00657-00147510-00147828 just selling free tokens and it's been
6P1EycwT8OQ-00658-00147829-00148073 contributing uh on top of the market
6P1EycwT8OQ-00659-00148074-00148540 slide to you know the token price so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00660-00148541-00148673 um what we've done is we've made a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00661-00148674-00148966 really important change where anybody on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00662-00148967-00149128 the front end of the farm going forward
6P1EycwT8OQ-00663-00149129-00149357 who wants the stake or Farm tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00664-00149358-00149566 they'll need to choose a lock-up period
6P1EycwT8OQ-00665-00149567-00149771 for staking there's going to be no more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00666-00149772-00150083 Hokey Pokey in and out any time of the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00667-00150084-00150395 day so staking for example you'll get
6P1EycwT8OQ-00668-00150396-00150654 three options you can stake for 90 days
6P1EycwT8OQ-00669-00150655-00151013 180 days or one year all right so in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00670-00151014-00151204 this example someone's connected their
6P1EycwT8OQ-00671-00151205-00151366 metamask they've gone right I want to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00672-00151367-00151583 stake a hundred tokens so you can enter
6P1EycwT8OQ-00673-00151584-00151763 in how many tokens or you can just click
6P1EycwT8OQ-00674-00151764-00152123 the preset 2500 Albert might want to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00675-00152124-00152435 just uh mute uh your your mic there so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00676-00152436-00152621 staking you get to choose those three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00677-00152622-00152861 options periods of time
6P1EycwT8OQ-00678-00152862-00153101 um with the staking depending on the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00679-00153102-00153283 time lock there's three examples here
6P1EycwT8OQ-00680-00153284-00153514 it's not a set percentage because
6P1EycwT8OQ-00681-00153515-00153731 there'll be a certain amount of tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00682-00153732-00153881 that are allocated to those three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00683-00153882-00154193 different staking pools the 1980 and one
6P1EycwT8OQ-00684-00154194-00154537 year so those rewards will be variable
6P1EycwT8OQ-00685-00154538-00154847 but the longer the time lock up the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00686-00154848-00155033 higher the percentage so just as an
6P1EycwT8OQ-00687-00155034-00155297 example eight percent lock up for 90
6P1EycwT8OQ-00688-00155298-00155440 days
6P1EycwT8OQ-00689-00155441-00155926 15 lock up for 180 days 24 locking up
6P1EycwT8OQ-00690-00155927-00156137 for one year so again those percentages
6P1EycwT8OQ-00691-00156138-00156473 will vary but the longer the lock up the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00692-00156474-00156707 higher the amount will be rewarded for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00693-00156708-00156923 people participating in that program the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00694-00156924-00157175 same with the um the farming
6P1EycwT8OQ-00695-00157176-00157331 um you're going to have those variable
6P1EycwT8OQ-00696-00157332-00157547 rates but this is kind of how it's going
6P1EycwT8OQ-00697-00157548-00157763 to look so what you'll see when you go
6P1EycwT8OQ-00698-00157764-00157997 on to the farm moving forward is the old
6P1EycwT8OQ-00699-00157998-00158213 offer is still there so any of you that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00700-00158214-00158561 have tokens in the liquidity pool any of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00701-00158562-00158771 you that have stake tokens
6P1EycwT8OQ-00702-00158772-00158987 you'll be able to you won't be able to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00703-00158988-00159335 harvest and restake but you'll be able
6P1EycwT8OQ-00704-00159336-00159689 to actually unstake right because there
6P1EycwT8OQ-00705-00159690-00159964 will be no new rewards coming so that'll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00706-00159965-00160175 sit there that's fine they're all safe
6P1EycwT8OQ-00707-00160176-00160373 but there's going to be no new rewards
6P1EycwT8OQ-00708-00160374-00160690 coming from the old staking program what
6P1EycwT8OQ-00709-00160691-00160954 you can do is click unstake that will
6P1EycwT8OQ-00710-00160955-00161176 put not only your Capital back to your
6P1EycwT8OQ-00711-00161177-00161452 metamask but any pending rewards that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00712-00161453-00161645 are we're sitting there ready to harvest
6P1EycwT8OQ-00713-00161646-00161897 those will also come to you into your
6P1EycwT8OQ-00714-00161898-00162202 metamask once they're there then you can
6P1EycwT8OQ-00715-00162203-00162425 choose okay do I want to go on farm and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00716-00162426-00162725 stay or and or stake with the new uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00717-00162726-00162952 three options that we're providing
6P1EycwT8OQ-00718-00162953-00163078 so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00719-00163079-00163252 um the last thing for today
6P1EycwT8OQ-00720-00163253-00163451 um I'm excited about I'm going to hand
6P1EycwT8OQ-00721-00163452-00163654 over it's just a little first tickle
6P1EycwT8OQ-00722-00163655-00163901 into the nft uh space I'm going to hand
6P1EycwT8OQ-00723-00163902-00164135 over to Albert to talk about the OG
6P1EycwT8OQ-00724-00164136-00164428 collection which is live and uh ready to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00725-00164429-00164699 go for any of you who want to own some
6P1EycwT8OQ-00726-00164700-00164945 of the OG pandas so Albert I'll hand
6P1EycwT8OQ-00727-00164946-00165173 over to you and I'll stop sharing so you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00728-00165174-00165425 can share the screen okay and what I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00729-00165426-00165563 want everybody to understand when we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00730-00165564-00165833 start uh showing you this this is simply
6P1EycwT8OQ-00731-00165834-00166169 a collectibles items this is not going
6P1EycwT8OQ-00732-00166170-00166414 to be involved in any future games it's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00733-00166415-00166559 not going to be involved in any future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00734-00166560-00166799 applications these are just simply
6P1EycwT8OQ-00735-00166800-00167159 Collectibles there will only be 100 of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00736-00167160-00167345 these so these right now and we'll put
6P1EycwT8OQ-00737-00167346-00167531 the link inside the telegram Group after
6P1EycwT8OQ-00738-00167532-00167639 this call
6P1EycwT8OQ-00739-00167640-00167945 is that is that these are Collectibles
6P1EycwT8OQ-00740-00167946-00168125 just for artwork
6P1EycwT8OQ-00741-00168126-00168485 and there will only be 100 of them right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00742-00168486-00168743 now on open seat everybody can see this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00743-00168744-00169019 we have 71 items
6P1EycwT8OQ-00744-00169020-00169264 and you'll notice that many of these are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00745-00169265-00169499 going to have five of each so here's a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00746-00169500-00169726 number one you can it's designated by
6P1EycwT8OQ-00747-00169727-00170026 the patch right here number two and this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00748-00170027-00170243 is our five star general
6P1EycwT8OQ-00749-00170244-00170471 we don't expect we're not expecting to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00750-00170472-00170699 try to go and sell these right now we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00751-00170700-00170909 expect these to sell more as the years
6P1EycwT8OQ-00752-00170910-00171275 come as the punk Panda messaging app as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00753-00171276-00171569 we develop our Zoom Panda meet and the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00754-00171570-00171863 panda Academy as morphine comes then
6P1EycwT8OQ-00755-00171864-00171983 people are going to want these
6P1EycwT8OQ-00756-00171984-00172235 Collectibles and souvenirs so right now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00757-00172236-00172385 they're 71 so I'm going to scroll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00758-00172386-00172540 through this so we have the five-star
6P1EycwT8OQ-00759-00172541-00172654 general
6P1EycwT8OQ-00760-00172655-00172901 then we have the panda Professor it's a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00761-00172902-00173128 45 ethereum and you'll notice that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00762-00173129-00173309 there's more ranking and we're waiting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00763-00173310-00173573 for openc to actually give us our our
6P1EycwT8OQ-00764-00173574-00173740 Rarity charting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00765-00173741-00173945 we believe in comparison to what other
6P1EycwT8OQ-00766-00173946-00174166 things that we've seen on openc that our
6P1EycwT8OQ-00767-00174167-00174431 Rarity is going to receive a very very
6P1EycwT8OQ-00768-00174432-00174569 high level that these are going to be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00769-00174570-00174773 considered very rare because of the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00770-00174774-00174983 artistic work that's done in these this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00771-00174984-00175175 is one of the greatest artists that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00772-00175176-00175402 we've ever seen as far as procreate and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00773-00175403-00175547 she's the one that's created all of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00774-00175548-00175816 these uh images for us so the five-star
6P1EycwT8OQ-00775-00175817-00176152 general starts at 30 ethereum then the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00776-00176153-00176464 the two start um the uh number two is 25
6P1EycwT8OQ-00777-00176465-00176752 ethereum then 18 ethereum and it scales
6P1EycwT8OQ-00778-00176753-00176987 down to three ethereum right now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00779-00176988-00177154 ethereum's very low price so if somebody
6P1EycwT8OQ-00780-00177155-00177335 wanted to grab one this would probably
6P1EycwT8OQ-00781-00177336-00177509 be the time to do it because it's based
6P1EycwT8OQ-00782-00177510-00177737 upon the ethereum then there are two
6P1EycwT8OQ-00783-00177738-00177940 parent professors there's one with the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00784-00177941-00178066 board
6P1EycwT8OQ-00785-00178067-00178301 and then there's one without the board
6P1EycwT8OQ-00786-00178302-00178588 there's only one Lily Lily's a character
6P1EycwT8OQ-00787-00178589-00178714 that you don't know much about but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00788-00178715-00178954 Lily's being designed it she's the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00789-00178955-00179152 girlfriend of a guy that's in the sports
6P1EycwT8OQ-00790-00179153-00179363 fantasy for panda 11. so she's actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00791-00179364-00179681 with the panda 11. there is the one nft
6P1EycwT8OQ-00792-00179682-00180023 of the six together
6P1EycwT8OQ-00793-00180024-00180245 then we have the panda app Messaging App
6P1EycwT8OQ-00794-00180246-00180454 and once again you'll notice that on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00795-00180455-00180640 every one of these that there's a plain
6P1EycwT8OQ-00796-00180641-00180790 background because this was the original
6P1EycwT8OQ-00797-00180791-00181019 image that was ever created and then we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00798-00181020-00181240 have the one standing on the portals so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00799-00181241-00181504 once again the number one is 45 and it
6P1EycwT8OQ-00800-00181505-00181666 scales down to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00801-00181667-00182009 three terium or five ethereum for the uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00802-00182010-00182333 number five then we have Panda 11. once
6P1EycwT8OQ-00803-00182334-00182573 again we have the plane image then the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00804-00182574-00182807 one standing on the portal stills from
6P1EycwT8OQ-00805-00182808-00182987 45 ethereum
6P1EycwT8OQ-00806-00182988-00183287 down to five material
6P1EycwT8OQ-00807-00183288-00183581 panel profit same thing plain background
6P1EycwT8OQ-00808-00183582-00183737 because this was the original image that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00809-00183738-00183935 was created and then standing on the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00810-00183936-00184085 portals
6P1EycwT8OQ-00811-00184086-00184331 and once again none of these characters
6P1EycwT8OQ-00812-00184332-00184487 are going to be used inside of a game
6P1EycwT8OQ-00813-00184488-00184793 there's only 71 of them there will only
6P1EycwT8OQ-00814-00184794-00185035 be 100 Max there's still uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00815-00185036-00185278 approximately 29 more that will be added
6P1EycwT8OQ-00816-00185279-00185447 in the future we've given ourselves room
6P1EycwT8OQ-00817-00185448-00185764 uh for things for images that may or may
6P1EycwT8OQ-00818-00185765-00186059 not be uh created and also the logos
6P1EycwT8OQ-00819-00186060-00186287 will be put in here we're deciding on
6P1EycwT8OQ-00820-00186288-00186538 which logos to actually put in and the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00821-00186539-00186814 logo for the uh Panda Legends game so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00822-00186815-00187078 then here's Panda vaults
6P1EycwT8OQ-00823-00187079-00187264 and once again every one of them has
6P1EycwT8OQ-00824-00187265-00187451 their plain background and then they
6P1EycwT8OQ-00825-00187452-00187745 start with being number one through five
6P1EycwT8OQ-00826-00187746-00187966 and we're waiting for the open C open c
6P1EycwT8OQ-00827-00187967-00188225 is now doing a rarity charting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00828-00188226-00188471 and so that Rarity charting helps people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00829-00188472-00188771 find images and artwork on open scene
6P1EycwT8OQ-00830-00188772-00189016 that they consider to be much more rare
6P1EycwT8OQ-00831-00189017-00189209 than others and I can tell you right now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00832-00189210-00189383 we're gonna we're gonna receive a very
6P1EycwT8OQ-00833-00189384-00189719 high Mark as far as being Rarity so I've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00834-00189720-00189959 shown you the five star general then we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00835-00189960-00190109 had uh big plans there was going to be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00836-00190110-00190319 an application for this but because we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00837-00190320-00190552 created them this is going to be much
6P1EycwT8OQ-00838-00190553-00190714 better
6P1EycwT8OQ-00839-00190715-00190925 so we have the Four Star General three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00840-00190926-00191057 star general
6P1EycwT8OQ-00841-00191058-00191225 and you can see that the generals
6P1EycwT8OQ-00842-00191226-00191357 because they're not in actual
6P1EycwT8OQ-00843-00191358-00191549 application they are actually the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00844-00191550-00191723 commanders that oversee all the other
6P1EycwT8OQ-00845-00191724-00191921 applications and you'll see how that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00846-00191922-00192107 will come into play more and more in the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00847-00192108-00192221 future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00848-00192222-00192443 they're the ones actually leading
6P1EycwT8OQ-00849-00192444-00192683 so the three-star generals and once
6P1EycwT8OQ-00850-00192684-00192833 again the number one start at 30
6P1EycwT8OQ-00851-00192834-00193102 ethereum and they scale down to three
6P1EycwT8OQ-00852-00193103-00193387 ethereum and it goes all the way down to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00853-00193388-00193673 the one star generals so once again
6P1EycwT8OQ-00854-00193674-00194021 there's 71 images there will only be 100
6P1EycwT8OQ-00855-00194022-00194338 Max ever so you can be assured that when
6P1EycwT8OQ-00856-00194339-00194578 if you do purchase one of these simply
6P1EycwT8OQ-00857-00194579-00194801 as a souvenir collectible as a piece of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00858-00194802-00194963 artwork and that's it because understand
6P1EycwT8OQ-00859-00194964-00195190 it they will have nothing to do with the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00860-00195191-00195340 game or the applications in the future
6P1EycwT8OQ-00861-00195341-00195635 other than they are Collectibles so just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00862-00195636-00195785 wanted to make you aware of this they
6P1EycwT8OQ-00863-00195786-00195983 are listed now we didn't want people to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00864-00195984-00196157 go in there and just finding it once
6P1EycwT8OQ-00865-00196158-00196414 again we're expecting these to actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00866-00196415-00196685 start moving as the project gets more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00867-00196686-00196913 and more famous okay so with that Marcus
6P1EycwT8OQ-00868-00196914-00197111 I'll turn it over to you for uh any
6P1EycwT8OQ-00869-00197112-00197290 final thoughts close out comments
6P1EycwT8OQ-00870-00197291-00197640 anything
6P1EycwT8OQ-00871-00197641-00197885 okay yeah Albert one more thing while
6P1EycwT8OQ-00872-00197886-00198040 you got that screen up if you can just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00873-00198041-00198263 scroll down to the panda general I'm not
6P1EycwT8OQ-00874-00198264-00198461 sure if you touched on this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00875-00198462-00198575 um but you'll notice they're all
6P1EycwT8OQ-00876-00198576-00198881 standing on a tele portal and you know
6P1EycwT8OQ-00877-00198882-00199216 the number one general actually has full
6P1EycwT8OQ-00878-00199217-00199414 power you can see not just the number
6P1EycwT8OQ-00879-00199415-00199721 one on on his chest but um yeah down the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00880-00199722-00199888 bottom of that teleport or it kind of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00881-00199889-00200135 goes from like a battery and red right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00882-00200136-00200363 up to Green so the number one has has
6P1EycwT8OQ-00883-00200364-00200633 full power and then it drops down the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00884-00200634-00200849 number of bars that are showing uh with
6P1EycwT8OQ-00885-00200850-00201107 lower ones so you know this is kind of
6P1EycwT8OQ-00886-00201108-00201352 like with we've um we've built the uh
6P1EycwT8OQ-00887-00201353-00201599 the art gallery and the museum we've got
6P1EycwT8OQ-00888-00201600-00201809 all the paintings the nfts hanging in
6P1EycwT8OQ-00889-00201810-00202097 there in the open sea ready to go
6P1EycwT8OQ-00890-00202098-00202349 um but you know we we know that uh you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00891-00202350-00202493 know most people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00892-00202494-00202811 um are going to start coming to this as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00893-00202812-00203014 the project becomes worth more and more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00894-00203015-00203152 and more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00895-00203153-00203338 um and this is a bit of a a bit of a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00896-00203339-00203554 flex for people in the online world who
6P1EycwT8OQ-00897-00203555-00203735 you know in a financial position where
6P1EycwT8OQ-00898-00203736-00203885 they kind of want to show off and kind
6P1EycwT8OQ-00899-00203886-00204059 of go well listen I own number two and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00900-00204060-00204238 someone comes along goes boom I own
6P1EycwT8OQ-00901-00204239-00204497 number one uh so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00902-00204498-00204647 um yeah we're excited to put those out
6P1EycwT8OQ-00903-00204648-00204898 and you know going through the process
6P1EycwT8OQ-00904-00204900-00205103 of listing these nfts we've actually
6P1EycwT8OQ-00905-00205104-00205294 learned some really important things
6P1EycwT8OQ-00906-00205296-00205529 about how to do this and without saying
6P1EycwT8OQ-00907-00205530-00205727 too much we've um it's it's allowed
6P1EycwT8OQ-00908-00205728-00206003 Albert to work with uh a couple of his
6P1EycwT8OQ-00909-00206004-00206357 staff to on a new service that we'll be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00910-00206358-00206512 providing for people who are really into
6P1EycwT8OQ-00911-00206513-00206764 nfts as well so I won't say any more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00912-00206765-00206992 um but that's a a new service that we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00913-00206994-00207190 excited to bring uh in in the coming
6P1EycwT8OQ-00914-00207191-00207503 months and weeks as well so with that I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00915-00207504-00207701 want to say thanks everybody
6P1EycwT8OQ-00916-00207702-00207898 um Albert thanks so much for today I'll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00917-00207900-00208132 hand back to TW for any closing thoughts
6P1EycwT8OQ-00918-00208133-00208312 and and again
6P1EycwT8OQ-00919-00208313-00208462 um you know just recognize that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00920-00208463-00208721 obviously the the app is still evolving
6P1EycwT8OQ-00921-00208721-00208966 for anybody who says I can't I can't
6P1EycwT8OQ-00922-00208967-00209116 enroll people
6P1EycwT8OQ-00923-00209117-00209273 um well I'm not sure how we went from
6P1EycwT8OQ-00924-00209273-00209608 550 000 to 900 000 if nobody can enroll
6P1EycwT8OQ-00925-00209609-00209746 anybody
6P1EycwT8OQ-00926-00209748-00210065 um so uh that's uh that's that's
6P1EycwT8OQ-00927-00210066-00210269 exciting it's exciting growth we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00928-00210269-00210448 moving forward and you know like
6P1EycwT8OQ-00929-00210450-00210575 watching your hair grow if you're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00930-00210576-00210713 looking at it every day you might think
6P1EycwT8OQ-00931-00210714-00210923 that it's a bit frustrating
6P1EycwT8OQ-00932-00210923-00211132 um but you know in where the market is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00933-00211133-00211408 right now I see a lot of projects not
6P1EycwT8OQ-00934-00211409-00211577 only appear to be doing nothing but
6P1EycwT8OQ-00935-00211578-00211925 going backwards every single week we are
6P1EycwT8OQ-00936-00211926-00212098 progressing and we are moving forward
6P1EycwT8OQ-00937-00212100-00212242 we're getting bigger we're getting
6P1EycwT8OQ-00938-00212244-00212537 stronger and we're rolling out more
6P1EycwT8OQ-00939-00212538-00212741 products more services and the ones
6P1EycwT8OQ-00940-00212742-00212944 we've got are getting better so I'm
6P1EycwT8OQ-00941-00212946-00213196 excited I'm really uh grateful that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00942-00213198-00213346 we're able to continue to push forward
6P1EycwT8OQ-00943-00213348-00213641 in this market and consolidate so that
6P1EycwT8OQ-00944-00213642-00213941 when the next Bull Run comes we've just
6P1EycwT8OQ-00945-00213942-00214103 not sitting there going oh what do we do
6P1EycwT8OQ-00946-00214104-00214355 how do we get get a piece of this we're
6P1EycwT8OQ-00947-00214356-00214529 already positioned we've already built
6P1EycwT8OQ-00948-00214530-00214715 the Foundation we've already got the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00949-00214716-00214967 networks we've got the services to take
6P1EycwT8OQ-00950-00214967-00215260 full advantage of what's ahead of us so
6P1EycwT8OQ-00951-00215261-00215387 thank you to everybody in the community
6P1EycwT8OQ-00952-00215388-00215579 thank you to all of our telegram
6P1EycwT8OQ-00953-00215580-00215825 moderators who are just so patient 24
6P1EycwT8OQ-00954-00215826-00216029 hours a day monitoring that telegram
6P1EycwT8OQ-00955-00216030-00216305 group and uh we've actually got
6P1EycwT8OQ-00956-00216306-00216484 something coming in the merchandising
6P1EycwT8OQ-00957-00216485-00216629 space that I want to say a big thank you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00958-00216630-00216851 to ronier who's been working on behind
6P1EycwT8OQ-00959-00216852-00217210 the scenes that's super close uh I'm
6P1EycwT8OQ-00960-00217211-00217342 just I can't wait to get that out
6P1EycwT8OQ-00961-00217344-00217510 probably on the next update so if they
6P1EycwT8OQ-00962-00217511-00217715 were that TW hand back to you Albert
6P1EycwT8OQ-00963-00217716-00217889 maybe you can stop sharing screens so TW
6P1EycwT8OQ-00964-00217890-00218123 can get his Panda pink shirt back on the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00965-00218123-00218291 screen
6P1EycwT8OQ-00966-00218292-00218513 all right thank you Marcus thank you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00967-00218514-00218831 Albert listen guys everybody Community
6P1EycwT8OQ-00968-00218832-00219131 we are excited we are almost there this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00969-00219132-00219371 is going to explode you can't be in a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00970-00219371-00219539 better place at a better time than right
6P1EycwT8OQ-00971-00219540-00219839 now look at the long-term vision of this
6P1EycwT8OQ-00972-00219840-00220042 program look at what we've done we've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00973-00220044-00220229 overcome so many obstacles and we've
6P1EycwT8OQ-00974-00220230-00220439 gotten to a point where now we can see
6P1EycwT8OQ-00975-00220440-00220871 the road ahead be patient leaders be
6P1EycwT8OQ-00976-00220871-00221117 patient continue to share continue to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00977-00221117-00221392 use it continue to own this app and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00978-00221394-00221603 we'll all have some special things for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00979-00221604-00221794 the holidays we're coming up with new
6P1EycwT8OQ-00980-00221796-00221992 things as they said already and guess
6P1EycwT8OQ-00981-00221994-00222232 what guys we can't do it without you we
6P1EycwT8OQ-00982-00222233-00222431 can't do it without the team we can't do
6P1EycwT8OQ-00983-00222432-00222634 it without our leaders Albert and Marcus
6P1EycwT8OQ-00984-00222635-00222881 this is a project for the community for
6P1EycwT8OQ-00985-00222882-00223156 the People by people who are used to
6P1EycwT8OQ-00986-00223157-00223396 being in the community themselves and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00987-00223398-00223637 now we're giving back to the world as
6P1EycwT8OQ-00988-00223638-00223889 far as this program listen guys this is
6P1EycwT8OQ-00989-00223890-00224129 a long-term deal look at it that way
6P1EycwT8OQ-00990-00224130-00224417 study educate yourself yourself become a
6P1EycwT8OQ-00991-00224417-00224729 panda panda Maniac all right and
6P1EycwT8OQ-00992-00224730-00224939 understand that this right here will
6P1EycwT8OQ-00993-00224940-00225215 change your life if you utilize all the
6P1EycwT8OQ-00994-00225216-00225455 resources that we provided listen guys I
6P1EycwT8OQ-00995-00225456-00225617 want you guys to unmute yourselves now
6P1EycwT8OQ-00996-00225617-00225863 and just say goodbye we'll see you guys
6P1EycwT8OQ-00997-00225864-00226091 very soon with more updates we love you
6P1EycwT8OQ-00998-00226092-00226348 guys God bless everybody have a great
6P1EycwT8OQ-00999-00226350-00226817 evening
6P1EycwT8OQ-01000-00226817-00227117 Airport
6PrMWzDR8A0-00000-00000106-00001203 [Music]
6PrMWzDR8A0-00001-00001204-00001457 welcome to this week about the urban
6PrMWzDR8A0-00002-00001458-00001718 water chain before I give an overview of
6PrMWzDR8A0-00003-00001719-00001930 the contents of this week let's first
6PrMWzDR8A0-00004-00001932-00002123 have a look at what we mean by the urban
6PrMWzDR8A0-00005-00002124-00002425 water chain so what is the urban water
6PrMWzDR8A0-00006-00002426-00002696 chain and what does it look like when we
6PrMWzDR8A0-00007-00002697-00002860 talk about the urban water chain we
6PrMWzDR8A0-00008-00002861-00003109 actually talk about basic Universal
6PrMWzDR8A0-00009-00003110-00003443 needs because in short the urban water
6PrMWzDR8A0-00010-00003444-00003661 chain is about drinking water provision
6PrMWzDR8A0-00011-00003663-00003895 and sanitation it entails the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00012-00003896-00004072 infrastructure for the production
6PrMWzDR8A0-00013-00004072-00004477 distribution and consumption of drinking
6PrMWzDR8A0-00014-00004478-00004752 water as well as for the collection and
6PrMWzDR8A0-00015-00004753-00005222 treatment and discharge of wastewater it
6PrMWzDR8A0-00016-00005223-00005465 is fairly contact specific what this
6PrMWzDR8A0-00017-00005466-00005684 water chain looks like as we will see
6PrMWzDR8A0-00018-00005685-00006095 this week its infrastructure in place to
6PrMWzDR8A0-00019-00006096-00006284 produce drinking water from surface
6PrMWzDR8A0-00020-00006285-00006701 water or from from ground water or is
6PrMWzDR8A0-00021-00006702-00006953 water fetch locally and consumed without
6PrMWzDR8A0-00022-00006954-00007352 treatment the same goes for wastewater
6PrMWzDR8A0-00023-00007353-00007706 is water discharged to the local
6PrMWzDR8A0-00024-00007706-00007914 environment directly after consumption
6PrMWzDR8A0-00025-00007915-00008288 or are there facilities in place to
6PrMWzDR8A0-00026-00008289-00008480 treat the wastewater and discharge it
6PrMWzDR8A0-00027-00008481-00008813 afterwards but this is not the whole
6PrMWzDR8A0-00028-00008814-00009103 story the water chain is only
6PrMWzDR8A0-00029-00009104-00009362 functioning as it is used managed and
6PrMWzDR8A0-00030-00009363-00009620 modified by many stakeholders along the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00031-00009621-00010076 chain including users water board some
6PrMWzDR8A0-00032-00010077-00010435 water companies what offenders
6PrMWzDR8A0-00033-00010436-00010963 municipalities and fecal sludge managers
6PrMWzDR8A0-00034-00010964-00011294 this week we will see two very different
6PrMWzDR8A0-00035-00011295-00011638 appearances of this water chain we will
6PrMWzDR8A0-00036-00011639-00011806 focus on drinking water and sanitation
6PrMWzDR8A0-00037-00011807-00012064 provision in the informal settlements of
6PrMWzDR8A0-00038-00012065-00012392 Kampala Uganda with absent or poor
6PrMWzDR8A0-00039-00012393-00012653 infrastructures and in Amsterdam the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00040-00012654-00012841 Netherlands with highly dense
6PrMWzDR8A0-00041-00012841-00013211 infrastructures in this context we will
6PrMWzDR8A0-00042-00013212-00013369 show you that a water change
6PrMWzDR8A0-00043-00013371-00013577 should not be understood as a technical
6PrMWzDR8A0-00044-00013578-00013897 infrastructure only there is a key role
6PrMWzDR8A0-00045-00013899-00014081 to play for citizens and for other
6PrMWzDR8A0-00046-00014082-00014255 stakeholders along the water chain to
6PrMWzDR8A0-00047-00014256-00014558 operate it together they are essential
6PrMWzDR8A0-00048-00014559-00014747 to co-create a safe and sustainable
6PrMWzDR8A0-00049-00014747-00015287 water chain we start weak in the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00050-00015288-00015683 informal settlements of Kampala here we
6PrMWzDR8A0-00051-00015684-00015854 will see that formal provision of
6PrMWzDR8A0-00052-00015855-00016202 services is scarce or absent in these
6PrMWzDR8A0-00053-00016203-00016457 circumstances it is up to communities to
6PrMWzDR8A0-00054-00016458-00016637 realize some sort of drinking water
6PrMWzDR8A0-00055-00016638-00016910 service and sanitation together with
6PrMWzDR8A0-00056-00016911-00017288 private vendors informal businesses NGOs
6PrMWzDR8A0-00057-00017289-00017852 and public service providers we will
6PrMWzDR8A0-00058-00017853-00018068 discuss how people are forced to create
6PrMWzDR8A0-00059-00018069-00018272 their own solutions and the conditions
6PrMWzDR8A0-00060-00018273-00018596 of fragmented infrastructure but can we
6PrMWzDR8A0-00061-00018597-00018812 call a flying toilet a sanitation
6PrMWzDR8A0-00062-00018813-00019160 solution we will show you that the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00063-00019161-00019319 purpose of a water chain is not
6PrMWzDR8A0-00064-00019320-00019523 restricted to water provision but it
6PrMWzDR8A0-00065-00019524-00019814 also also to its transport and treatment
6PrMWzDR8A0-00066-00019815-00020180 of wastewater we will discuss the value
6PrMWzDR8A0-00067-00020181-00020420 of human waste within the wastewater as
6PrMWzDR8A0-00068-00020421-00020621 we introduce you to think of sludge
6PrMWzDR8A0-00069-00020622-00020936 management we will explain how this can
6PrMWzDR8A0-00070-00020937-00021134 contribute to safe affordable and
6PrMWzDR8A0-00071-00021135-00021368 potentially profitable sanitation
6PrMWzDR8A0-00072-00021369-00021566 systems for communities in cities like
6PrMWzDR8A0-00073-00021567-00022103 Kampala subsequently we will show that
6PrMWzDR8A0-00074-00022104-00022373 also in the Dutch context human waste in
6PrMWzDR8A0-00075-00022374-00022568 the water chain is an issue of
6PrMWzDR8A0-00076-00022569-00022922 importance in this case we will discuss
6PrMWzDR8A0-00077-00022923-00023195 how medicine residues within human waste
6PrMWzDR8A0-00078-00023196-00023528 contaminate the water cycle we will show
6PrMWzDR8A0-00079-00023529-00023771 you an example where patients actively
6PrMWzDR8A0-00080-00023772-00023993 adjusted a toilet behavior to avoid
6PrMWzDR8A0-00081-00023994-00024242 micro pollutants entering the wastewater
6PrMWzDR8A0-00082-00024243-00024707 in the first place in the next section
6PrMWzDR8A0-00083-00024708-00024908 we will show you how citizens are
6PrMWzDR8A0-00084-00024909-00025103 involved in monitoring their water use
6PrMWzDR8A0-00085-00025104-00025298 and the freshness of their drinking
6PrMWzDR8A0-00086-00025299-00025586 water in Amsterdam we will discuss
6PrMWzDR8A0-00087-00025587-00025802 citizen science project in which
6PrMWzDR8A0-00088-00025802-00025997 citizens monitored the bacterial
6PrMWzDR8A0-00089-00025998-00026209 composition of the drinking water across
6PrMWzDR8A0-00090-00026210-00026438 the city sounds tricky
6PrMWzDR8A0-00091-00026439-00026723 we will hear from battlenet the water
6PrMWzDR8A0-00092-00026724-00026770 camp
6PrMWzDR8A0-00093-00026772-00026977 responsible for managing the water chain
6PrMWzDR8A0-00094-00026979-00027266 in Amsterdam why they engaged citizens
6PrMWzDR8A0-00095-00027267-00027650 in this project at the end of the week
6PrMWzDR8A0-00096-00027651-00027845 we reflect and compare the Western
6PrMWzDR8A0-00097-00027845-00028175 Europe and Eastern African context we
6PrMWzDR8A0-00098-00028176-00028388 discuss the influences of this context
6PrMWzDR8A0-00099-00028389-00028568 on the problems experienced and
6PrMWzDR8A0-00100-00028569-00028870 solutions chosen I will indicate a
6PrMWzDR8A0-00101-00028872-00029081 co-creation spectrum that we have seen
6PrMWzDR8A0-00102-00029082-00029369 throughout the week and we will reflect
6PrMWzDR8A0-00103-00029370-00029582 on how and to what extent various
6PrMWzDR8A0-00104-00029583-00029762 stakeholders have been involved in the
6PrMWzDR8A0-00105-00029763-00029927 co-creation processes that were
6PrMWzDR8A0-00106-00029927-00030364 presented so with this video you know
6PrMWzDR8A0-00107-00030366-00030577 what we mean by the urban water chain
6PrMWzDR8A0-00108-00030579-00030791 and what you can expect from us this
6PrMWzDR8A0-00109-00030792-00031160 week enjoy the week
6PP-C8eyu60-00000-00000062-00000428 Barcelona bar low n Catalan BS lon
6PP-C8eyu60-00001-00000429-00000659 Spanish bath de the Ilona is a city in
6PP-C8eyu60-00002-00000660-00000947 Spain it is the capital and largest city
6PP-C8eyu60-00003-00000948-00001181 of Catalonia as well as the second most
6PP-C8eyu60-00004-00001182-00001469 populous municipality of Spain with a
6PP-C8eyu60-00005-00001470-00001748 population of 1.6 million within city
6PP-C8eyu60-00006-00001748-00001957 limits its urban area extends to
6PP-C8eyu60-00007-00001959-00002138 numerous neighboring municipalities
6PP-C8eyu60-00008-00002139-00002348 within the province of Barcelona and is
6PP-C8eyu60-00009-00002349-00002621 home to around 4.8 million people making
6PP-C8eyu60-00010-00002622-00002860 it the sixth most populous urban area in
6PP-C8eyu60-00011-00002861-00003062 the European Union after Paris London
6PP-C8eyu60-00012-00003063-00003413 Madrid the Ruhr area and Milan it is one
6PP-C8eyu60-00013-00003414-00003593 of the largest metropolis is on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00014-00003594-00003803 Mediterranean Sea located on the coast
6PP-C8eyu60-00015-00003804-00003950 between the mouths of the rivers
6PP-C8eyu60-00016-00003951-00004172 llobregat and besos and bounded to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00017-00004173-00004381 west by the serra de cultural a mountain
6PP-C8eyu60-00018-00004382-00004654 range the tallest peak of which is 512
6PP-C8eyu60-00019-00004655-00005135 metres 1680 feet high founded as a roman
6PP-C8eyu60-00020-00005136-00005372 city in the Middle Ages Barcelona became
6PP-C8eyu60-00021-00005373-00005542 the capital of the county of Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00022-00005543-00005816 after merging with the kingdom of Aragon
6PP-C8eyu60-00023-00005817-00006047 Barcelona continued to be an important
6PP-C8eyu60-00024-00006048-00006224 city in the crown of Aragon as an
6PP-C8eyu60-00025-00006225-00006413 economic and administrative center of
6PP-C8eyu60-00026-00006414-00006569 this crown in the capital of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00027-00006570-00006892 Principality of Catalonia Barcelona has
6PP-C8eyu60-00028-00006893-00007112 a rich cultural heritage and as today an
6PP-C8eyu60-00029-00007113-00007298 important cultural center in a major
6PP-C8eyu60-00030-00007298-00007570 tourist destination particularly
6PP-C8eyu60-00031-00007572-00007751 renowned are the architectural works of
6PP-C8eyu60-00032-00007752-00007952 Anthony Gaudi in lluís domènech i
6PP-C8eyu60-00033-00007953-00008092 montaner which have been designated
6PP-C8eyu60-00034-00008093-00008399 UNESCO World Heritage Sites the
6PP-C8eyu60-00035-00008400-00008549 headquarters of the Union for the
6PP-C8eyu60-00036-00008550-00008762 Mediterranean are located in Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00037-00008763-00009089 the city is known for hosting the 1992
6PP-C8eyu60-00038-00009090-00009278 Summer Olympics as well as world-class
6PP-C8eyu60-00039-00009279-00009521 conferences and expositions and also
6PP-C8eyu60-00040-00009522-00009774 many international sport tournaments
6PP-C8eyu60-00041-00009775-00010006 Barcelona is one of the world's leading
6PP-C8eyu60-00042-00010007-00010271 tourist economic trade fair and cultural
6PP-C8eyu60-00043-00010272-00010466 centres and its influencing commerce
6PP-C8eyu60-00044-00010467-00010735 education entertainment media fashion
6PP-C8eyu60-00045-00010736-00010942 science and the arts all contribute to
6PP-C8eyu60-00046-00010943-00011123 its status as one of the world's major
6PP-C8eyu60-00047-00011124-00011444 global cities it is a major cultural and
6PP-C8eyu60-00048-00011445-00011645 economic center in southwestern Europe
6PP-C8eyu60-00049-00011646-00011903 24th in the world before Zurich after
6PP-C8eyu60-00050-00011904-00012248 Frankfurt and a financial centre in 2008
6PP-C8eyu60-00051-00012249-00012424 it was the fourth most economically
6PP-C8eyu60-00052-00012425-00012685 powerful city by GDP in the European
6PP-C8eyu60-00053-00012686-00012938 Union and 35th in the world with gdp
6PP-C8eyu60-00054-00012938-00013272 amounting to 177 billion euros
6PP-C8eyu60-00055-00013272-00013691 in 2012 Barcelona had a GDP of 170
6PP-C8eyu60-00056-00013693-00013889 billion dollars and it was leading Spain
6PP-C8eyu60-00057-00013890-00014075 an employment rate in that moment in
6PP-C8eyu60-00058-00014076-00014300 2009 the city was ranked Europe's third
6PP-C8eyu60-00059-00014301-00014466 and one of the world's most successful
6PP-C8eyu60-00060-00014466-00014763 as a city brand in the same year the
6PP-C8eyu60-00061-00014763-00014936 city was ranked Europe's fourth best
6PP-C8eyu60-00062-00014937-00015125 city for business and fastest improving
6PP-C8eyu60-00063-00015126-00015371 European city with growth improved by
6PP-C8eyu60-00064-00015372-00015594 17% per year and the city has been
6PP-C8eyu60-00065-00015594-00015807 experiencing strong and renewed growth
6PP-C8eyu60-00066-00015808-00016091 for the past three years since 2011
6PP-C8eyu60-00067-00016091-00016341 Barcelona has been a leading Smart City
6PP-C8eyu60-00068-00016341-00016641 in Europe Barcelona is a transport hub
6PP-C8eyu60-00069-00016642-00016860 with the port of Barcelona being one of
6PP-C8eyu60-00070-00016861-00017069 Europe's principal seaports and busiest
6PP-C8eyu60-00071-00017070-00017309 european passenger port an international
6PP-C8eyu60-00072-00017310-00017568 airport barcelona el prat airport which
6PP-C8eyu60-00073-00017569-00017786 handles over 40 million passengers per
6PP-C8eyu60-00074-00017787-00017819 year
6PP-C8eyu60-00075-00017820-00018018 an extensive motorway network and a
6PP-C8eyu60-00076-00018019-00018177 high-speed rail line with a link to
6PP-C8eyu60-00077-00018178-00018618 France and the rest of Europe
6PP-C8eyu60-00078-00018619-00019125 topic names
6PP-C8eyu60-00079-00019126-00019350 the name Barcelona comes from the
6PP-C8eyu60-00080-00019351-00019586 ancient Iberian bar Kino attested in an
6PP-C8eyu60-00081-00019587-00019772 ancient coin inscription found on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00082-00019773-00019986 right side of the coin in iberian script
6PP-C8eyu60-00083-00019987-00020196 as in ancient greek sources as barking
6PP-C8eyu60-00084-00020197-00020430 on Barkin on and in latin des bar sino
6PP-C8eyu60-00085-00020431-00020655 barcelona man barcelona some older
6PP-C8eyu60-00086-00020656-00020835 sources suggest that the city may have
6PP-C8eyu60-00087-00020836-00021008 been named after the Carthaginian
6PP-C8eyu60-00088-00021009-00021225 general Hamilcar Barca who was supposed
6PP-C8eyu60-00089-00021226-00021390 to have founded the city in the 3rd
6PP-C8eyu60-00090-00021391-00021627 century BC but there is no evidence that
6PP-C8eyu60-00091-00021628-00021786 barcelona was ever a Carthaginian
6PP-C8eyu60-00092-00021787-00022028 settlement or that its name in antiquity
6PP-C8eyu60-00093-00022029-00022250 Bar C no had any connection with the bar
6PP-C8eyu60-00094-00022251-00022547 set family of Hamilcar during the Middle
6PP-C8eyu60-00095-00022548-00022767 Ages the city was variously known as
6PP-C8eyu60-00096-00022768-00023009 Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona and
6PP-C8eyu60-00097-00023010-00023241 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00098-00023242-00023461 internationally Barcelona's name is
6PP-C8eyu60-00099-00023462-00023704 wrongly abbreviated to Barca however
6PP-C8eyu60-00100-00023705-00023926 this name refers only to FC Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00101-00023927-00024280 the football club the common abbreviated
6PP-C8eyu60-00102-00024281-00024601 form used by locals as Varna another
6PP-C8eyu60-00103-00024602-00024868 common abbreviation as bcn which is also
6PP-C8eyu60-00104-00024869-00025105 the IATA airport code of the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00105-00025106-00025411 el prat airport the city is also
6PP-C8eyu60-00106-00025412-00025627 referred to as the Chu tot comte all in
6PP-C8eyu60-00107-00025627-00025864 Catalan and Ciudad kondal in Spanish
6PP-C8eyu60-00108-00025864-00026044 owing to its past as the seat of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00109-00026045-00026439 count of Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00110-00026439-00026938 topic history
6PP-C8eyu60-00111-00026939-00027439 topic prehistory
6PP-C8eyu60-00112-00027439-00027679 the origin of the earliest settlement at
6PP-C8eyu60-00113-00027680-00027874 the site of present-day Barcelona is
6PP-C8eyu60-00114-00027875-00028152 unclear the ruins of an early settlement
6PP-C8eyu60-00115-00028154-00028399 have been found including different
6PP-C8eyu60-00116-00028400-00028596 tombs and dwellings dating to earlier
6PP-C8eyu60-00117-00028597-00028945 than 5000 BC the founding of Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00118-00028945-00029145 is the subject of two different legends
6PP-C8eyu60-00119-00029147-00029380 the first attributes the founding of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00120-00029381-00029583 city to the mythological Hercules
6PP-C8eyu60-00121-00029585-00029808 the second legend attributes the
6PP-C8eyu60-00122-00029810-00030004 foundation of the city directly to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00123-00030005-00030237 historical Carthaginian general amilcare
6PP-C8eyu60-00124-00030238-00030489 Barca father of Hannibal who supposedly
6PP-C8eyu60-00125-00030491-00030724 named the city bar sino after his family
6PP-C8eyu60-00126-00030725-00030943 in the 3rd century BC but there is no
6PP-C8eyu60-00127-00030944-00031150 historical or linguistic evidence that
6PP-C8eyu60-00128-00031151-00031483 this is true
6PP-C8eyu60-00129-00031484-00032017 topic Roman Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00130-00032018-00032335 in about 15 BC the Romans redrew the
6PP-C8eyu60-00131-00032336-00032565 town as a castrum Roman military camp
6PP-C8eyu60-00132-00032566-00032884 centered on the Mons Tabor a little hill
6PP-C8eyu60-00133-00032885-00033121 near the contemporary city hall Placidus
6PP-C8eyu60-00134-00033122-00033436 on John under the Romans it was a colony
6PP-C8eyu60-00135-00033437-00033621 with the surname of the ventia or in
6PP-C8eyu60-00136-00033622-00033927 full Colonia 5nj Julia Augusta Pia bar
6PP-C8eyu60-00137-00033928-00034183 sino or Colonia Julia Augusta flavin
6PP-C8eyu60-00138-00034184-00034474 Jupiter Navarre see no pomponius mela
6PP-C8eyu60-00139-00034475-00034674 mentions it among the small towns of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00140-00034675-00034879 district probably as it was eclipsed by
6PP-C8eyu60-00141-00034880-00035098 its neighbor terrico modern Tarragona
6PP-C8eyu60-00142-00035099-00035251 but it may be gathered from later
6PP-C8eyu60-00143-00035252-00035443 writers that it gradually grew in wealth
6PP-C8eyu60-00144-00035444-00035635 and consequence favoured as it was with
6PP-C8eyu60-00145-00035636-00035821 a beautiful situation and an excellent
6PP-C8eyu60-00146-00035822-00036067 harbour it enjoyed immunity from
6PP-C8eyu60-00147-00036068-00036318 Imperial burdens the city minted its own
6PP-C8eyu60-00148-00036319-00036511 coins some from the era of Galba
6PP-C8eyu60-00149-00036512-00036832 survived important roman vestiges are
6PP-C8eyu60-00150-00036833-00037042 displayed in placa del rey underground
6PP-C8eyu60-00151-00037043-00037255 as a part of the barcelona city history
6PP-C8eyu60-00152-00037256-00037570 museum muh ba the typically Roman grid
6PP-C8eyu60-00153-00037571-00037758 plan is still visible today in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00154-00037759-00037939 layout of the historical center the
6PP-C8eyu60-00155-00037940-00038190 barri gotic gothic quarter some
6PP-C8eyu60-00156-00038191-00038371 remaining fragments of the Roman walls
6PP-C8eyu60-00157-00038372-00038524 have been incorporated into the
6PP-C8eyu60-00158-00038525-00038808 Cathedral the Cathedral also known as
6PP-C8eyu60-00159-00038809-00039043 the Basilica la seu is said to have been
6PP-C8eyu60-00160-00039044-00039502 founded in 343
6PP-C8eyu60-00161-00039503-00040042 topic medieval Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00162-00040043-00040240 the city was conquered by the Visigoths
6PP-C8eyu60-00163-00040241-00040489 in the early fifth century becoming for
6PP-C8eyu60-00164-00040490-00040710 a few years the capital of all Hispania
6PP-C8eyu60-00165-00040711-00040966 after being conquered by the Arabs in
6PP-C8eyu60-00166-00040967-00041167 the early 8th century it was conquered
6PP-C8eyu60-00167-00041168-00041461 in 801 by Charlemagne son Lewis who made
6PP-C8eyu60-00168-00041462-00041646 Barcelona the seat of the Carolingian
6PP-C8eyu60-00169-00041647-00042016 Hispanic March marca hispanica a buffer
6PP-C8eyu60-00170-00042017-00042328 zone ruled by the count of Barcelona the
6PP-C8eyu60-00171-00042329-00042517 counts of Barcelona became increasingly
6PP-C8eyu60-00172-00042518-00042712 independent and expanded their territory
6PP-C8eyu60-00173-00042713-00042982 to include all of Catalonia although on
6PP-C8eyu60-00174-00042983-00043252 the 6th of July 1985 Barcelona was
6PP-C8eyu60-00175-00043253-00043528 sacked by the army of al mansur the sack
6PP-C8eyu60-00176-00043529-00043684 was so traumatic that most of
6PP-C8eyu60-00177-00043685-00043891 Barcelona's population was either killed
6PP-C8eyu60-00178-00043892-00044260 or enslaved in 1137 Aragon and the
6PP-C8eyu60-00179-00044261-00044467 county of Barcelona merged in dynastic
6PP-C8eyu60-00180-00044468-00044692 union by the marriage of Ramon Berenguer
6PP-C8eyu60-00181-00044693-00044902 IV and patron alla of Aragon their
6PP-C8eyu60-00182-00044903-00045112 titles finally borne by only one person
6PP-C8eyu60-00183-00045113-00045370 when their son Alfonso ii of aragon
6PP-C8eyu60-00184-00045371-00045685 ascended to the throne in 1162 his
6PP-C8eyu60-00185-00045686-00045871 territories were later to be known as
6PP-C8eyu60-00186-00045872-00046066 the crown of Aragon which conquered many
6PP-C8eyu60-00187-00046067-00046246 overseas possessions and ruled the
6PP-C8eyu60-00188-00046247-00046444 western Mediterranean Sea with outlying
6PP-C8eyu60-00189-00046445-00046678 territories in Naples and Sicily and as
6PP-C8eyu60-00190-00046679-00046920 far as Athens in the 13th century the
6PP-C8eyu60-00191-00046921-00047179 forging of a dynastic link between the
6PP-C8eyu60-00192-00047180-00047398 crowns of Aragon and Castile marked the
6PP-C8eyu60-00193-00047399-00047659 beginning of Barcelona's decline the
6PP-C8eyu60-00194-00047660-00047869 Bank of Barcelona tala dick Envy
6PP-C8eyu60-00195-00047870-00048076 probably the oldest public bank in
6PP-C8eyu60-00196-00048077-00048247 Europe was established by the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00197-00048248-00048595 magistrates in 1401 it originated from
6PP-C8eyu60-00198-00048596-00048814 necessities of the state as did the Bank
6PP-C8eyu60-00199-00048815-00048877 of Venice
6PP-C8eyu60-00200-00048878-00049525 14:02 and the Bank of Genoa 1407
6PP-C8eyu60-00201-00049526-00049750 topic Barcelona under the Spanish
6PP-C8eyu60-00202-00049751-00050132 monarchy
6PP-C8eyu60-00203-00050133-00050408 the marriage of ferdinand ii of Aragon
6PP-C8eyu60-00204-00050409-00050614 and Isabella the first of Castile in
6PP-C8eyu60-00205-00050615-00051026 1469 United the two royal lines Madrid
6PP-C8eyu60-00206-00051027-00051196 became the center of political power
6PP-C8eyu60-00207-00051197-00051425 whilst the colonization of the Americas
6PP-C8eyu60-00208-00051426-00051616 reduced the financial importance at
6PP-C8eyu60-00209-00051617-00051850 least in relative terms of Mediterranean
6PP-C8eyu60-00210-00051851-00052156 trade Barcelona was a center of Catalan
6PP-C8eyu60-00211-00052157-00052375 separatism including the Catalan revolt
6PP-C8eyu60-00212-00052376-00052685 1640 to 52 against Philip the fourth of
6PP-C8eyu60-00213-00052686-00053135 Spain the Great Plague of 1652 1654 have
6PP-C8eyu60-00214-00053136-00053431 the city's population in the 18th
6PP-C8eyu60-00215-00053432-00053654 century a fortress was built at man Joey
6PP-C8eyu60-00216-00053654-00054031 that overlooked the harbour in 1794 this
6PP-C8eyu60-00217-00054032-00054179 fortress was used by the French
6PP-C8eyu60-00218-00054179-00054434 astronomer Pierre Francois Andre machine
6PP-C8eyu60-00219-00054435-00054638 for observations relating to a survey
6PP-C8eyu60-00220-00054639-00054824 stretching to Dunkirk that provided the
6PP-C8eyu60-00221-00054825-00055000 official basis of the measurement of a
6PP-C8eyu60-00222-00055001-00055046 metre
6PP-C8eyu60-00223-00055047-00055325 the definitive meter bar manufactured
6PP-C8eyu60-00224-00055326-00055487 from platinum was presented to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00225-00055488-00055738 French Legislative Assembly on the 22nd
6PP-C8eyu60-00226-00055739-00056090 of June 1799 much of Barcelona was
6PP-C8eyu60-00227-00056091-00056297 negatively affected by the Napoleonic
6PP-C8eyu60-00228-00056298-00056504 Wars but the start of industrialization
6PP-C8eyu60-00229-00056504-00056675 saw the fortunes of the province
6PP-C8eyu60-00230-00056676-00056917 improved urban planner ill defense
6PP-C8eyu60-00231-00056919-00057110 urdhva designed the large I exemple
6PP-C8eyu60-00232-00057111-00057347 district in the 1850s when the medieval
6PP-C8eyu60-00233-00057348-00057560 city walls around Barcelona's Old Town
6PP-C8eyu60-00234-00057561-00057973 were torn down
6PP-C8eyu60-00235-00057974-00058191 topic the spanish civil war in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00236-00058192-00058590 franco period
6PP-C8eyu60-00237-00058591-00058829 during the Spanish Civil War the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00238-00058830-00059082 and Catalonia in general were resolutely
6PP-C8eyu60-00239-00059083-00059382 Republican many enterprises and public
6PP-C8eyu60-00240-00059383-00059715 services were collectivized by the CNT
6PP-C8eyu60-00241-00059716-00060017 and ugt unions as the power of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00242-00060019-00060155 Republican government and the
6PP-C8eyu60-00243-00060157-00060354 Generalitat diminished much of the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00244-00060354-00060501 was under the effective control of
6PP-C8eyu60-00245-00060502-00060789 anarchist groups the anarchists lost
6PP-C8eyu60-00246-00060790-00060978 control of the city to their own allies
6PP-C8eyu60-00247-00060979-00061179 the Communists and official government
6PP-C8eyu60-00248-00061179-00061347 troops after the street fighting of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00249-00061348-00061638 Barcelona Maydays the fall of the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00250-00061639-00061974 on the 26th of January 1939 caused a
6PP-C8eyu60-00251-00061975-00062190 mass exodus of civilians who fled to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00252-00062191-00062415 French border the resistance of
6PP-C8eyu60-00253-00062416-00062654 Barcelona to Franco's coup d'etat was to
6PP-C8eyu60-00254-00062655-00062844 have lasting effects after the defeat of
6PP-C8eyu60-00255-00062845-00063116 the Republican government the autonomous
6PP-C8eyu60-00256-00063117-00063324 institutions of Catalonia were abolished
6PP-C8eyu60-00257-00063325-00063542 and the use of the Catalan language in
6PP-C8eyu60-00258-00063544-00063819 public life was suppressed Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00259-00063820-00064002 remained the second largest city in
6PP-C8eyu60-00260-00064003-00064205 Spain at the heart of a region which was
6PP-C8eyu60-00261-00064207-00064430 relatively industrialized and prosperous
6PP-C8eyu60-00262-00064432-00064641 despite the devastation of the civil war
6PP-C8eyu60-00263-00064641-00064890 the result was a large-scale immigration
6PP-C8eyu60-00264-00064891-00065088 from poorer regions of Spain
6PP-C8eyu60-00265-00065089-00065319 particularly Andalusia Murcia and
6PP-C8eyu60-00266-00065320-00065514 Galicia which in turn led to rapid
6PP-C8eyu60-00267-00065515-00065855 urbanization
6PP-C8eyu60-00268-00065856-00066405 topic late twentieth century
6PP-C8eyu60-00269-00066406-00066735 in 1992 Barcelona hosted the Summer
6PP-C8eyu60-00270-00066736-00066975 Olympics the after effects of this are
6PP-C8eyu60-00271-00066976-00067164 credited with driving major changes in
6PP-C8eyu60-00272-00067165-00067365 what had up until then been a largely
6PP-C8eyu60-00273-00067366-00067620 industrial city as part of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00274-00067621-00067824 preparation for the games industrial
6PP-C8eyu60-00275-00067825-00067977 buildings along the seafront were
6PP-C8eyu60-00276-00067978-00068160 demolished and two miles of beach were
6PP-C8eyu60-00277-00068161-00068433 created new construction increased the
6PP-C8eyu60-00278-00068434-00068724 road capacity of the city by 17% the
6PP-C8eyu60-00279-00068725-00068970 sewage handling capacity by 27 percent
6PP-C8eyu60-00280-00068971-00069180 and the amount of new green areas and
6PP-C8eyu60-00281-00069181-00069549 beaches by 78 percent between 1990 and
6PP-C8eyu60-00282-00069550-00069819 2004 the number of hotel rooms in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00283-00069820-00070086 city doubled perhaps more importantly
6PP-C8eyu60-00284-00070087-00070305 the outside perception of the city was
6PP-C8eyu60-00285-00070306-00070557 changed making by 2012 barcelona the
6PP-C8eyu60-00286-00070558-00070794 12th most popular city destination in
6PP-C8eyu60-00287-00070795-00070941 the world in the fifth amongst European
6PP-C8eyu60-00288-00070942-00071351 cities
6PP-C8eyu60-00289-00071352-00071804 topic recent history
6PP-C8eyu60-00290-00071805-00072137 the death of Franco in 1975 brought on a
6PP-C8eyu60-00291-00072138-00072317 period of democratization throughout
6PP-C8eyu60-00292-00072318-00072557 Spain pressure for change was
6PP-C8eyu60-00293-00072558-00072785 particularly strong in Barcelona which
6PP-C8eyu60-00294-00072786-00073085 considered with some justification that
6PP-C8eyu60-00295-00073086-00073262 it had been punished during nearly 40
6PP-C8eyu60-00296-00073263-00073444 years of francoism for its support of
6PP-C8eyu60-00297-00073445-00073712 the Republican government massive but
6PP-C8eyu60-00298-00073713-00073937 peaceful demonstrations on the 11th of
6PP-C8eyu60-00299-00073938-00074225 September 1977 assembled over a million
6PP-C8eyu60-00300-00074226-00074429 people in the streets of Barcelona to
6PP-C8eyu60-00301-00074430-00074597 call for the restoration of Catalan
6PP-C8eyu60-00302-00074598-00074663 autonomy
6PP-C8eyu60-00303-00074664-00074909 it was granted less than a month later
6PP-C8eyu60-00304-00074910-00075106 the development of Barcelona was
6PP-C8eyu60-00305-00075107-00075416 promoted by two events in 1986 Spanish
6PP-C8eyu60-00306-00075417-00075607 accession to the European community and
6PP-C8eyu60-00307-00075608-00075848 particularly Barcelona's designation as
6PP-C8eyu60-00308-00075849-00076115 host city of the 1992 Summer Olympics
6PP-C8eyu60-00309-00076116-00076505 the process of urban regeneration has
6PP-C8eyu60-00310-00076506-00076712 been rapid and accompanied by a greatly
6PP-C8eyu60-00311-00076713-00076913 increased international reputation of
6PP-C8eyu60-00312-00076914-00077176 the city as a tourist destination the
6PP-C8eyu60-00313-00077177-00077381 increased cost of housing has led to a
6PP-C8eyu60-00314-00077382-00077618 slight decline - sixteen point six
6PP-C8eyu60-00315-00077619-00077822 percent in the population over the last
6PP-C8eyu60-00316-00077823-00078065 two decades of the 20th century as many
6PP-C8eyu60-00317-00078066-00078329 families move out into the suburbs this
6PP-C8eyu60-00318-00078330-00078601 decline has been reversed since 2001 as
6PP-C8eyu60-00319-00078602-00078824 a new wave of emigration particularly
6PP-C8eyu60-00320-00078825-00079051 from Latin America and from Morocco has
6PP-C8eyu60-00321-00079052-00079373 gathered pace on the 17th of August 2017
6PP-C8eyu60-00322-00079374-00079601 a van was driven into pedestrians on la
6PP-C8eyu60-00323-00079602-00079823 rambla in the city killing 14 and
6PP-C8eyu60-00324-00079824-00080044 injuring at least 100 one of whom later
6PP-C8eyu60-00325-00080045-00080099 died
6PP-C8eyu60-00326-00080100-00080354 other attacks took place elsewhere in
6PP-C8eyu60-00327-00080355-00080594 Catalonia the prime minister of spain
6PP-C8eyu60-00328-00080595-00080813 mariano rajoy called the attack in
6PP-C8eyu60-00329-00080814-00081167 barcelona a jihadist attack a maq news
6PP-C8eyu60-00330-00081168-00081347 agency attributed indirect
6PP-C8eyu60-00331-00081348-00081526 responsibility for the attack to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00332-00081527-00081710 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
6PP-C8eyu60-00333-00081711-00082075 ISIL
6PP-C8eyu60-00334-00082076-00082605 topic geography
6PP-C8eyu60-00335-00082606-00083099 topic location
6PP-C8eyu60-00336-00083100-00083340 Barcelona is located on the northeast
6PP-C8eyu60-00337-00083341-00083574 coast of the Iberian Peninsula facing
6PP-C8eyu60-00338-00083575-00083750 the Mediterranean Sea on a plane
6PP-C8eyu60-00339-00083751-00083951 approximately five kilometres three
6PP-C8eyu60-00340-00083952-00084159 miles wide limited by the mountain range
6PP-C8eyu60-00341-00084160-00084369 of Cal sorolla the Llobregat River to
6PP-C8eyu60-00342-00084370-00084563 the southwest and the besos River to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00343-00084564-00084924 north this plane covers an area of 170
6PP-C8eyu60-00344-00084925-00085161 square kilometres sixty-six square miles
6PP-C8eyu60-00345-00085162-00085521 of which 101 square kilometres 39.0
6PP-C8eyu60-00346-00085522-00085722 square miles are occupied by the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00347-00085723-00086132 itself it is 120 kilometres 75 miles
6PP-C8eyu60-00348-00086133-00086334 south of the Pyrenees and the Catalan
6PP-C8eyu60-00349-00086335-00086825 border with France tibidabo 512 metres
6PP-C8eyu60-00350-00086826-00087119 1680 feet high offers striking views
6PP-C8eyu60-00351-00087120-00087384 over the city and is topped by the 288
6PP-C8eyu60-00352-00087385-00087681 point four meters 946 point two feet
6PP-C8eyu60-00353-00087682-00087938 torre de collserola a telecommunications
6PP-C8eyu60-00354-00087939-00088125 tower that is visible from most of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00355-00088126-00088410 city Barcelona is peppered with small
6PP-C8eyu60-00356-00088411-00088631 hills most of them urbanized that gave
6PP-C8eyu60-00357-00088632-00088779 their name to the neighbourhoods built
6PP-C8eyu60-00358-00088780-00089125 upon them such as Carmel 267 meters or
6PP-C8eyu60-00359-00089126-00089634 876 feet but did 181 meters or 594 feet
6PP-C8eyu60-00360-00089635-00090117 and Rovira 261 meters or 856 feet the
6PP-C8eyu60-00361-00090118-00090561 escarpment of man Joey 173 meters or 568
6PP-C8eyu60-00362-00090562-00090804 feet situated to the southeast overlooks
6PP-C8eyu60-00363-00090805-00090978 the harbor and is topped by man Joey
6PP-C8eyu60-00364-00090979-00091215 Castle a fortress built into seventeen
6PP-C8eyu60-00365-00091216-00091440 to eighteen th centuries to control the
6PP-C8eyu60-00366-00091441-00091643 city as a replacement for the Citadella
6PP-C8eyu60-00367-00091644-00091950 today the fortress as a museum and manju
6PP-C8eyu60-00368-00091951-00092132 eke is home to several sporting and
6PP-C8eyu60-00369-00092133-00092351 cultural venues as well as Barcelona's
6PP-C8eyu60-00370-00092352-00092681 biggest park in gardens the city borders
6PP-C8eyu60-00371-00092682-00092913 on the municipalities of santa coloma de
6PP-C8eyu60-00372-00092914-00093150 graham net and son Adria de besos to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00373-00093151-00093332 north the Mediterranean Sea to the east
6PP-C8eyu60-00374-00093333-00093581 el prat de llobregat and low-spin Alette
6PP-C8eyu60-00375-00093582-00093806 de llobregat to the south and sun feliu
6PP-C8eyu60-00376-00093807-00094071 de llobregat son just Desmond s plugs de
6PP-C8eyu60-00377-00094072-00094355 llobregat son Cugat del vias and moncada
6PP-C8eyu60-00378-00094356-00094655 I Rea to the west the municipality
6PP-C8eyu60-00379-00094656-00094850 includes two small sparsely inhabited
6PP-C8eyu60-00380-00094851-00095315 exclaves to the northwest
6PP-C8eyu60-00381-00095316-00095800 topic climate
6PP-C8eyu60-00382-00095801-00095956 according to the köppen climate
6PP-C8eyu60-00383-00095957-00096223 classification barcelona has a maritime
6PP-C8eyu60-00384-00096224-00096353 mediterranean climate
6PP-C8eyu60-00385-00096354-00096596 csa with mild winters and warm to hot
6PP-C8eyu60-00386-00096597-00096787 summers while the rainiest seasons are
6PP-C8eyu60-00387-00096788-00097048 autumn and spring the rainfall pattern
6PP-C8eyu60-00388-00097049-00097259 is characterized by a short three months
6PP-C8eyu60-00389-00097260-00097472 dry season in summer as well as less
6PP-C8eyu60-00390-00097473-00097648 winter rainfall than in a typical
6PP-C8eyu60-00391-00097649-00097897 Mediterranean climate this subtype
6PP-C8eyu60-00392-00097898-00098194 labeled as Portuguese by the French
6PP-C8eyu60-00393-00098195-00098435 geographer Georg veers after the climate
6PP-C8eyu60-00394-00098436-00098668 classification of emmanuel de Marton and
6PP-C8eyu60-00395-00098669-00098903 found in the NW mediterranean area eg
6PP-C8eyu60-00396-00098904-00099160 Marseille can be seen as transitional to
6PP-C8eyu60-00397-00099161-00099416 the humid subtropical climate CFA found
6PP-C8eyu60-00398-00099417-00099703 in inland areas such as the Po Valley eg
6PP-C8eyu60-00399-00099704-00099967 Milan whose rainfall is greater in
6PP-C8eyu60-00400-00099968-00100212 summer a feature of continental climates
6PP-C8eyu60-00401-00100213-00100582 its average annual temperature as 21.2
6PP-C8eyu60-00402-00100583-00100879 degrees celsius 70.2 degrees fahrenheit
6PP-C8eyu60-00403-00100880-00101191 during the day in 15.1 degrees celsius
6PP-C8eyu60-00404-00101192-00101530 59.2 degrees fahrenheit at night the
6PP-C8eyu60-00405-00101531-00101735 average annual temperature of the sea is
6PP-C8eyu60-00406-00101736-00102001 about 20 degrees Celsius 68 degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00407-00102002-00102304 Fahrenheit in the coldest month January
6PP-C8eyu60-00408-00102305-00102544 the temperature typically ranges from 12
6PP-C8eyu60-00409-00102545-00102862 to 18 degrees Celsius 54 to 64 degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00410-00102863-00103117 Fahrenheit during the day 6 to 12
6PP-C8eyu60-00411-00103118-00103405 degrees Celsius 43 to 54 degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00412-00103406-00103603 Fahrenheit at night in the average sea
6PP-C8eyu60-00413-00103604-00103885 temperature as 13 degrees Celsius 55
6PP-C8eyu60-00414-00103886-00104155 degrees Fahrenheit in the warmest month
6PP-C8eyu60-00415-00104156-00104380 August the typical temperature ranges
6PP-C8eyu60-00416-00104381-00104747 from 27 to 31 degrees Celsius 81 to 88
6PP-C8eyu60-00417-00104748-00104965 degrees Fahrenheit during the day about
6PP-C8eyu60-00418-00104966-00105293 23 degrees Celsius 73 degrees Fahrenheit
6PP-C8eyu60-00419-00105294-00105436 at night in the average sea temperature
6PP-C8eyu60-00420-00105438-00105778 as 26 degrees Celsius 79 degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00421-00105779-00106051 Fahrenheit generally the summer or
6PP-C8eyu60-00422-00106052-00106406 holiday season lasts about 6 months from
6PP-C8eyu60-00423-00106407-00106625 May to October to months
6PP-C8eyu60-00424-00106626-00106826 April and November are transitional
6PP-C8eyu60-00425-00106827-00107045 sometimes the temperature exceeds 20
6PP-C8eyu60-00426-00107046-00107314 degrees Celsius 68 degrees Fahrenheit
6PP-C8eyu60-00427-00107315-00107533 with an average temperature of 18 to 19
6PP-C8eyu60-00428-00107534-00107689 degrees Celsius
6PP-C8eyu60-00429-00107690-00107983 64 to 66 degrees Fahrenheit during the
6PP-C8eyu60-00430-00107984-00108301 day and 11 to 13 degrees Celsius 52 to
6PP-C8eyu60-00431-00108302-00108640 55 degrees Fahrenheit at night December
6PP-C8eyu60-00432-00108641-00108865 January and February are the coldest
6PP-C8eyu60-00433-00108866-00109051 months with average temperatures around
6PP-C8eyu60-00434-00109052-00109186 15 degrees cell
6PP-C8eyu60-00435-00109187-00109441 yes 59 degrees Fahrenheit during the day
6PP-C8eyu60-00436-00109442-00109681 and 9 degrees Celsius 48 degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00437-00109682-00109984 Fahrenheit at night large fluctuations
6PP-C8eyu60-00438-00109985-00110203 in temperature are rare particularly in
6PP-C8eyu60-00439-00110204-00110419 the summer months because of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00440-00110420-00110641 proximity to the warm sea Frost's are
6PP-C8eyu60-00441-00110642-00110850 very rare in the city of Barcelona in
6PP-C8eyu60-00442-00110851-00111143 fact only one day in the last 30 years
6PP-C8eyu60-00443-00111144-00111346 was reported with a temperature under
6PP-C8eyu60-00444-00111347-00111529 the freezing mark minus one degrees
6PP-C8eyu60-00445-00111530-00111853 Celsius 30 degrees Fahrenheit snow is
6PP-C8eyu60-00446-00111854-00112225 very infrequent Barcelona average is 78
6PP-C8eyu60-00447-00112226-00112459 rainy days per year one millimetre an
6PP-C8eyu60-00448-00112460-00112705 annual average relative humidity as 72
6PP-C8eyu60-00449-00112706-00113119 percent ranging from 69% in July to 75%
6PP-C8eyu60-00450-00113120-00113395 in October rainfall totals are highest
6PP-C8eyu60-00451-00113396-00113611 in late summer and autumn September to
6PP-C8eyu60-00452-00113612-00113812 November and lowest in early and mid
6PP-C8eyu60-00453-00113813-00114013 summer June August with a secondary
6PP-C8eyu60-00454-00114014-00114237 winter minimum February to March
6PP-C8eyu60-00455-00114238-00114652 sunshine duration as 2,500 24 hours per
6PP-C8eyu60-00456-00114653-00115003 year from 138 average 4.5 hours of
6PP-C8eyu60-00457-00115004-00115252 sunshine a day in December to 310
6PP-C8eyu60-00458-00115253-00115483 average 10 hours of sunshine a day in
6PP-C8eyu60-00459-00115484-00115903 July
6PP-C8eyu60-00460-00115904-00116374 topic demographics
6PP-C8eyu60-00461-00116375-00116634 according to Barcelona's City Council
6PP-C8eyu60-00462-00116635-00116875 Barcelona's population as of the 1st of
6PP-C8eyu60-00463-00116876-00117157 January 2016 was 1 million six hundred
6PP-C8eyu60-00464-00117158-00117370 eight thousand seven hundred forty six
6PP-C8eyu60-00465-00117371-00117711 people on a land area of 101.4 square
6PP-C8eyu60-00466-00117713-00118008 kilometers thirty-nine square miles it
6PP-C8eyu60-00467-00118009-00118144 is the main component of an
6PP-C8eyu60-00468-00118145-00118369 administrative area of Greater Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00469-00118370-00118591 with a population of 3 million two
6PP-C8eyu60-00470-00118592-00118798 hundred eighteen thousand seventy one in
6PP-C8eyu60-00471-00118799-00119200 an area of 636 square kilometers 246
6PP-C8eyu60-00472-00119201-00119290 square miles
6PP-C8eyu60-00473-00119291-00119590 density 5060 hab per square kilometer
6PP-C8eyu60-00474-00119591-00119859 the population of the urban area was
6PP-C8eyu60-00475-00119860-00120019 four million eight hundred forty
6PP-C8eyu60-00476-00120020-00120283 thousand it is the central nucleus of
6PP-C8eyu60-00477-00120283-00120505 the Barcelona metropolitan area which
6PP-C8eyu60-00478-00120506-00120735 relies on a population of five million
6PP-C8eyu60-00479-00120736-00120949 four hundred seventy four thousand four
6PP-C8eyu60-00480-00120950-00121138 hundred eighty two Spanish is the most
6PP-C8eyu60-00481-00121139-00121375 spoken language in Barcelona according
6PP-C8eyu60-00482-00121376-00121540 to the linguistic census held by the
6PP-C8eyu60-00483-00121541-00121801 government of Catalonia in 2013 and it
6PP-C8eyu60-00484-00121802-00122083 is understood almost universally after
6PP-C8eyu60-00485-00122083-00122286 Spanish the Catalan language is the
6PP-C8eyu60-00486-00122288-00122497 second most spoken one in the city and
6PP-C8eyu60-00487-00122498-00122719 it is understood by 95% of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00488-00122720-00123046 population while 72.3% can speak at
6PP-C8eyu60-00489-00123047-00123285 seventy nine percent can read it and 53
6PP-C8eyu60-00490-00123286-00123435 percent can write it thanks to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00491-00123436-00123732 language immersion educational system in
6PP-C8eyu60-00492-00123733-00124129 1900 Barcelona had a population of 533
6PP-C8eyu60-00493-00124130-00124354 thousand people which grew steadily but
6PP-C8eyu60-00494-00124355-00124594 slowly until 1950 when it started
6PP-C8eyu60-00495-00124595-00124774 absorbing a high number of people from
6PP-C8eyu60-00496-00124775-00125036 other less industrialized parts of Spain
6PP-C8eyu60-00497-00125038-00125361 Barcelona's population peaked in 1979
6PP-C8eyu60-00498-00125363-00125602 with 1 million nine hundred six thousand
6PP-C8eyu60-00499-00125603-00125767 nine hundred ninety eight people and
6PP-C8eyu60-00500-00125768-00126040 fell throughout the 1980s and 1990s as
6PP-C8eyu60-00501-00126041-00126214 more people sought a higher quality of
6PP-C8eyu60-00502-00126215-00126423 life in outlying cities in the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00503-00126424-00126727 metropolitan area after bottoming out in
6PP-C8eyu60-00504-00126728-00126994 2000 with 1 million four hundred ninety
6PP-C8eyu60-00505-00126995-00127185 six thousand two hundred sixty-six
6PP-C8eyu60-00506-00127186-00127396 people the city's population began to
6PP-C8eyu60-00507-00127397-00127606 rise again as younger people started to
6PP-C8eyu60-00508-00127607-00127774 return causing a great increase in
6PP-C8eyu60-00509-00127775-00128220 housing prices
6PP-C8eyu60-00510-00128221-00128697 topic population density
6PP-C8eyu60-00511-00128698-00128952 note this text is entirely based on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00512-00128953-00129195 municipal statistical database provided
6PP-C8eyu60-00513-00129196-00129515 by the City Council Barcelona is one of
6PP-C8eyu60-00514-00129516-00129710 the most densely populated cities in
6PP-C8eyu60-00515-00129711-00129959 Europe for the year 2008 the City
6PP-C8eyu60-00516-00129960-00130194 Council calculated the population to 1
6PP-C8eyu60-00517-00130195-00130413 million six hundred twenty one thousand
6PP-C8eyu60-00518-00130414-00130691 ninety living in the one hundred to two
6PP-C8eyu60-00519-00130692-00130923 square kilometers sized municipality
6PP-C8eyu60-00520-00130924-00131085 giving the city an average population
6PP-C8eyu60-00521-00131086-00131504 density of 15926 inhabitants per square
6PP-C8eyu60-00522-00131505-00131721 kilometer with example being the most
6PP-C8eyu60-00523-00131722-00132012 populated district in the case of
6PP-C8eyu60-00524-00132013-00132219 Barcelona though the land distribution
6PP-C8eyu60-00525-00132220-00132456 is extremely uneven half of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00526-00132457-00132744 municipality are 50.2 square kilometers
6PP-C8eyu60-00527-00132745-00132953 all of it located on the municipal edge
6PP-C8eyu60-00528-00132954-00133140 is made up of the ten least densely
6PP-C8eyu60-00529-00133141-00133356 populated neighborhoods containing less
6PP-C8eyu60-00530-00133357-00133596 than 10% of the city's population the
6PP-C8eyu60-00531-00133597-00133839 uninhabited zona franca industrial area
6PP-C8eyu60-00532-00133840-00134115 and mangy weak forest park leaving the
6PP-C8eyu60-00533-00134116-00134406 remaining 90% are slightly below 1.5
6PP-C8eyu60-00534-00134407-00134579 million inhabitants living on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00535-00134580-00134856 remaining 52 square kilometres 20 square
6PP-C8eyu60-00536-00134857-00135075 miles at an average density close to
6PP-C8eyu60-00537-00135076-00135315 28,000 500 inhabitants per square
6PP-C8eyu60-00538-00135316-00135678 kilometer of the 73 neighborhoods in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00539-00135679-00135957 city 45 had a population density above
6PP-C8eyu60-00540-00135958-00136154 20,000 inhabitants per square kilometre
6PP-C8eyu60-00541-00136155-00136419 with a combined population of 1 million
6PP-C8eyu60-00542-00136420-00136935 300 13424 inhabitants living on 38.6
6PP-C8eyu60-00543-00136936-00137118 square kilometers at an average density
6PP-C8eyu60-00544-00137119-00137634 of 30 3987 inhabitants per square km the
6PP-C8eyu60-00545-00137635-00137868 30 most densely populated neighborhoods
6PP-C8eyu60-00546-00137869-00138168 accounted for 50 7.5% of the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00547-00138169-00138503 population occupying only 20 to 7% of
6PP-C8eyu60-00548-00138504-00138839 the municipality or in other words 930
6PP-C8eyu60-00549-00138840-00139101 6,400 six people living at an average
6PP-C8eyu60-00550-00139102-00139452 density of 40,000 322 inhabitants per
6PP-C8eyu60-00551-00139453-00139683 square kilometre the city's highest
6PP-C8eyu60-00552-00139684-00139869 density is found at and around the
6PP-C8eyu60-00553-00139870-00140073 neighborhood of La Sagrada família where
6PP-C8eyu60-00554-00140074-00140247 four of the city's most densely
6PP-C8eyu60-00555-00140248-00140460 populated neighborhoods are located side
6PP-C8eyu60-00556-00140461-00140649 by side all with a population density
6PP-C8eyu60-00557-00140650-00140886 above 50,000 inhabitants per square
6PP-C8eyu60-00558-00140887-00141241 kilometre
6PP-C8eyu60-00559-00141242-00141728 topic migration
6PP-C8eyu60-00560-00141729-00142118 in 2016 about 59% of the inhabitants of
6PP-C8eyu60-00561-00142119-00142315 the city were born in Catalonia and
6PP-C8eyu60-00562-00142316-00142577 18.5% coming from the rest of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00563-00142578-00142979 country in addition to that 22.5% of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00564-00142980-00143201 population was born outside of Spain a
6PP-C8eyu60-00565-00143202-00143390 proportion which has more than doubled
6PP-C8eyu60-00566-00143391-00143615 since 2001 and more than quintupled
6PP-C8eyu60-00567-00143616-00143885 since 1996 when it was 8.6 percent
6PP-C8eyu60-00568-00143886-00144173 respectively 3.9 percent the most
6PP-C8eyu60-00569-00144174-00144383 important region of origin of migrants
6PP-C8eyu60-00570-00144384-00144551 is Europe with many coming from Italy
6PP-C8eyu60-00571-00144552-00144749 twenty six thousand six hundred seventy
6PP-C8eyu60-00572-00144750-00144986 six or France thirteen thousand five
6PP-C8eyu60-00573-00144987-00145319 hundred six moreover many migrants come
6PP-C8eyu60-00574-00145320-00145526 from Latin American nations as Bolivia
6PP-C8eyu60-00575-00145527-00145883 Ecuador Colombia since the 1990s and
6PP-C8eyu60-00576-00145884-00146096 similar to other migrants many Latin
6PP-C8eyu60-00577-00146097-00146297 Americans have settled in northern parts
6PP-C8eyu60-00578-00146298-00146474 of the city there exists a relatively
6PP-C8eyu60-00579-00146475-00146717 large Pakistani community in Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00580-00146718-00146987 with up to twenty thousand nationals the
6PP-C8eyu60-00581-00146988-00147203 community consists of significantly more
6PP-C8eyu60-00582-00147204-00147446 men than women many of the Pakistanis
6PP-C8eyu60-00583-00147447-00147647 are living in Chu taught Vella first
6PP-C8eyu60-00584-00147648-00147890 Pakistani migrants came in the 1970s
6PP-C8eyu60-00585-00147891-00148154 with increasing numbers in the 1990s
6PP-C8eyu60-00586-00148155-00148355 other significant migrant groups come
6PP-C8eyu60-00587-00148356-00148514 from Asia as from China and the
6PP-C8eyu60-00588-00148515-00148742 Philippines there is a Japanese
6PP-C8eyu60-00589-00148743-00148955 community clustered in Bona Nova less
6PP-C8eyu60-00590-00148956-00149120 tres Torres Petrov's
6PP-C8eyu60-00591-00149121-00149291 and other northern neighborhoods and a
6PP-C8eyu60-00592-00149292-00149480 Japanese International School serves
6PP-C8eyu60-00593-00149481-00149829 that community
6PP-C8eyu60-00594-00149830-00150299 topic religion
6PP-C8eyu60-00595-00150300-00150518 most of the inhabitants state they are
6PP-C8eyu60-00596-00150519-00150878 Roman Catholic 208 churches in a 2011
6PP-C8eyu60-00597-00150879-00151235 survey conducted by info católica 49.5%
6PP-C8eyu60-00598-00151236-00151450 of barcelona residents of all ages
6PP-C8eyu60-00599-00151451-00151760 identified themselves as Catholic this
6PP-C8eyu60-00600-00151761-00151934 was the first time that more than half
6PP-C8eyu60-00601-00151935-00152117 of respondents did not identify
6PP-C8eyu60-00602-00152118-00152297 themselves as Catholic the numbers
6PP-C8eyu60-00603-00152298-00152525 reflect a broader trend in Spain whereby
6PP-C8eyu60-00604-00152526-00152747 the numbers of self-identified Catholics
6PP-C8eyu60-00605-00152748-00152921 have declined the province has the
6PP-C8eyu60-00606-00152922-00153277 largest Muslim community in Spain 320
6PP-C8eyu60-00607-00153278-00153581 2698 people in Barcelona province are of
6PP-C8eyu60-00608-00153582-00153857 Muslim religion a considerable number of
6PP-C8eyu60-00609-00153858-00154058 Muslims live in Barcelona due to
6PP-C8eyu60-00610-00154059-00154370 immigration 169 locations mostly
6PP-C8eyu60-00611-00154371-00154751 professed by Moroccans in Spain in 2014
6PP-C8eyu60-00612-00154752-00155237 320 2698 out of 5.5 million people in
6PP-C8eyu60-00613-00155238-00155432 the province of Barcelona identified
6PP-C8eyu60-00614-00155433-00155633 themselves as Muslim which makes five
6PP-C8eyu60-00615-00155634-00155872 point six percent of total population
6PP-C8eyu60-00616-00155873-00156161 the city also has the largest Jewish
6PP-C8eyu60-00617-00156162-00156365 community in Spain with an estimated
6PP-C8eyu60-00618-00156366-00156734 3,500 Jews living in the city there are
6PP-C8eyu60-00619-00156735-00156928 also a number of other groups including
6PP-C8eyu60-00620-00156929-00157223 Evangelical 71 locations mostly
6PP-C8eyu60-00621-00157224-00157340 professed by Roma
6PP-C8eyu60-00622-00157341-00157589 Jehovah's Witnesses 21 Kingdom Hall's
6PP-C8eyu60-00623-00157590-00157847 Buddhists 13 locations and Eastern
6PP-C8eyu60-00624-00157848-00158292 Orthodox
6PP-C8eyu60-00625-00158293-00158801 topic economy
6PP-C8eyu60-00626-00158802-00159332 topic general information
6PP-C8eyu60-00627-00159333-00159572 the barcelona metropolitan area
6PP-C8eyu60-00628-00159573-00159860 comprises over 66% of the people of
6PP-C8eyu60-00629-00159861-00160073 Catalonia one of the richer regions in
6PP-C8eyu60-00630-00160074-00160265 Europe and the fourth richest region per
6PP-C8eyu60-00631-00160266-00160490 capita in Spain with a GDP per capita
6PP-C8eyu60-00632-00160491-00160904 amounting to 28,000 400 euros 16% more
6PP-C8eyu60-00633-00160905-00161138 than the EU average the Greater
6PP-C8eyu60-00634-00161139-00161429 Barcelona metropolitan area had a gdp
6PP-C8eyu60-00635-00161430-00161708 amounting to 177 billion dollars
6PP-C8eyu60-00636-00161709-00162098 equivalent to 34,000 821 dollars in per
6PP-C8eyu60-00637-00162099-00162362 capita terms 44% more than the EU
6PP-C8eyu60-00638-00162363-00162545 average making it the fourth most
6PP-C8eyu60-00639-00162546-00162827 economically powerful city by gross GDP
6PP-C8eyu60-00640-00162828-00163025 in the European Union and thirty fifth
6PP-C8eyu60-00641-00163026-00163385 in the world in 2009 Barcelona City had
6PP-C8eyu60-00642-00163386-00163787 a very high GDP of 80,000 894 euros per
6PP-C8eyu60-00643-00163788-00164065 head in 2004 according to Eurostat
6PP-C8eyu60-00644-00164066-00164303 furthermore Barcelona was Europe's
6PP-C8eyu60-00645-00164304-00164522 fourth best business city and fastest
6PP-C8eyu60-00646-00164523-00164708 improving European city with growth
6PP-C8eyu60-00647-00164709-00165014 improved by 17% per year as of 2009
6PP-C8eyu60-00648-00165015-00165356 Barcelona was the 24th most livable city
6PP-C8eyu60-00649-00165357-00165647 in the world in 2015 according to
6PP-C8eyu60-00650-00165648-00165908 lifestyle magazine monocle similarly
6PP-C8eyu60-00651-00165909-00166115 according to innovation analysts to
6PP-C8eyu60-00652-00166116-00166379 think now Barcelona occupies 13th place
6PP-C8eyu60-00653-00166380-00166601 in the world on innovation city's global
6PP-C8eyu60-00654-00166602-00166784 index Barcelona has a long-standing
6PP-C8eyu60-00655-00166785-00167108 mercantile tradition less well known is
6PP-C8eyu60-00656-00167109-00167291 that the city industrialised early
6PP-C8eyu60-00657-00167292-00167588 taking off in 1833 when Catalonia's
6PP-C8eyu60-00658-00167589-00167822 already sophisticated textile industry
6PP-C8eyu60-00659-00167823-00168095 began to use steam power it became the
6PP-C8eyu60-00660-00168096-00168311 first and most important industrial city
6PP-C8eyu60-00661-00168312-00168581 in the Mediterranean Basin since then
6PP-C8eyu60-00662-00168582-00168794 manufacturing has played a large role in
6PP-C8eyu60-00663-00168795-00169130 its history borsa de Barcelona Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00664-00169131-00169355 Stock Exchange is the main Stock
6PP-C8eyu60-00665-00169356-00169547 Exchange in the northeastern part of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00666-00169548-00169844 Iberian Peninsula Barcelona was
6PP-C8eyu60-00667-00169845-00170060 recognized as the southern European city
6PP-C8eyu60-00668-00170061-00170354 of the future for 2014-15 based on its
6PP-C8eyu60-00669-00170355-00170615 economic potential by FDI magazine in
6PP-C8eyu60-00670-00170616-00171015 their biannual rankings
6PP-C8eyu60-00671-00171016-00171591 topic trade fair and exhibitions
6PP-C8eyu60-00672-00171592-00171835 drawing upon its tradition of creative
6PP-C8eyu60-00673-00171836-00172069 art and craftsmanship barcelona is known
6PP-C8eyu60-00674-00172070-00172270 for its award-winning industrial design
6PP-C8eyu60-00675-00172271-00172536 it also has several congress halls
6PP-C8eyu60-00676-00172537-00172807 notably furada barcelona the second
6PP-C8eyu60-00677-00172808-00173023 largest trade fair and exhibition center
6PP-C8eyu60-00678-00173024-00173187 in europe that hosts a quickly growing
6PP-C8eyu60-00679-00173188-00173344 number of national and international
6PP-C8eyu60-00680-00173345-00173710 events each year at present above 50 the
6PP-C8eyu60-00681-00173711-00173937 total exhibition floor space of Ferran
6PP-C8eyu60-00682-00173938-00174126 de Barcelona venues has four hundred
6PP-C8eyu60-00683-00174127-00174397 five thousand square meters 41 hectares
6PP-C8eyu60-00684-00174398-00174600 not counting Gran vía Center on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00685-00174601-00174900 Plaza de Europa however the eurozone
6PP-C8eyu60-00686-00174901-00175116 crisis and deep cuts in business travel
6PP-C8eyu60-00687-00175117-00175294 affected the council's positioning of
6PP-C8eyu60-00688-00175295-00175526 the city as a convention center an
6PP-C8eyu60-00689-00175527-00175749 important business center the World
6PP-C8eyu60-00690-00175750-00175986 Trade Center Barcelona is located in
6PP-C8eyu60-00691-00175987-00176298 Barcelona's port vell harbour the city
6PP-C8eyu60-00692-00176299-00176490 is known for hosting well as world-class
6PP-C8eyu60-00693-00176491-00176736 conferences and expositions including
6PP-C8eyu60-00694-00176737-00177007 the 1888 exposición Universal de
6PP-C8eyu60-00695-00177008-00177268 Barcelona the 1929 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00696-00177269-00177598 International Exposition Expo 1929 the
6PP-C8eyu60-00697-00177599-00177876 2004 Universal Forum of cultures in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00698-00177877-00178337 2004 world open forum
6PP-C8eyu60-00699-00178338-00178825 topic tourism
6PP-C8eyu60-00700-00178826-00179126 Barcelona was the 20th most visited city
6PP-C8eyu60-00701-00179127-00179330 in the world by international visitors
6PP-C8eyu60-00702-00179331-00179507 and the fifth most visited city in
6PP-C8eyu60-00703-00179508-00179762 Europe after London Paris Istanbul and
6PP-C8eyu60-00704-00179763-00180020 Rome with 5.5 million international
6PP-C8eyu60-00705-00180021-00180341 visitors in 2011 by 2015
6PP-C8eyu60-00706-00180342-00180506 both Prague and Milan had more
6PP-C8eyu60-00707-00180507-00180782 international visitors with its rambles
6PP-C8eyu60-00708-00180783-00180995 Barcelona is ranked the most popular
6PP-C8eyu60-00709-00180996-00181220 city to visit in Spain Barcelona as
6PP-C8eyu60-00710-00181221-00181394 internationally renowned a tourist
6PP-C8eyu60-00711-00181395-00181559 destination with numerous recreational
6PP-C8eyu60-00712-00181560-00181796 areas one of the best beaches in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00713-00181797-00181850 world
6PP-C8eyu60-00714-00181851-00182048 mild and warm climate historical
6PP-C8eyu60-00715-00182049-00182255 monuments including eight UNESCO World
6PP-C8eyu60-00716-00182256-00182570 Heritage Sites 519 hotels as of March
6PP-C8eyu60-00717-00182571-00182921 2016 including 35 5-star hotels and
6PP-C8eyu60-00718-00182922-00183227 developed tourist infrastructure due to
6PP-C8eyu60-00719-00183228-00183449 its large influx of tourists each year
6PP-C8eyu60-00720-00183450-00183662 Barcelona like many other tourism
6PP-C8eyu60-00721-00183663-00183863 capitals has to deal with pickpockets
6PP-C8eyu60-00722-00183864-00184040 with wallets and passports being
6PP-C8eyu60-00723-00184041-00184316 commonly stolen items for this reason
6PP-C8eyu60-00724-00184317-00184505 most travel guides recommend that
6PP-C8eyu60-00725-00184506-00184697 visitors take precautions in order to
6PP-C8eyu60-00726-00184698-00184841 ensure their possessions safety
6PP-C8eyu60-00727-00184842-00185077 especially inside the Metro premises
6PP-C8eyu60-00728-00185078-00185318 despite its moderate pickpocket rate
6PP-C8eyu60-00729-00185319-00185513 Barcelona is considered one of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00730-00185514-00185681 safest cities in terms of health
6PP-C8eyu60-00731-00185682-00185906 security and personal safety mainly
6PP-C8eyu60-00732-00185907-00186098 because of a sophisticated policing
6PP-C8eyu60-00733-00186099-00186335 strategy that has dropped crime by 32
6PP-C8eyu60-00734-00186336-00186554 percent in just over three years and has
6PP-C8eyu60-00735-00186555-00186773 led it to be considered the 15th safest
6PP-C8eyu60-00736-00186774-00186935 city in the world by Business Insider
6PP-C8eyu60-00737-00186936-00187211 while tourism produces economic benefits
6PP-C8eyu60-00738-00187212-00187513 the city s overrun
6PP-C8eyu60-00739-00187514-00187885 by hordes of tourists according to one
6PP-C8eyu60-00740-00187886-00188278 report in early 2017 over 150 thousand
6PP-C8eyu60-00741-00188279-00188449 protesters warned that tourism is
6PP-C8eyu60-00742-00188450-00188767 destabilizing the city slogans included
6PP-C8eyu60-00743-00188768-00189139 tourists go home Barcelona is not for
6PP-C8eyu60-00744-00189140-00189190 sale
6PP-C8eyu60-00745-00189191-00189571 and we will not be driven out by then
6PP-C8eyu60-00746-00189572-00189759 number of visitors had increased from
6PP-C8eyu60-00747-00189760-00190129 1.7 million in 1990 to 32 million in a
6PP-C8eyu60-00748-00190130-00190420 city with a population of 1.6 2 million
6PP-C8eyu60-00749-00190421-00190621 increasing the cost of rental housing
6PP-C8eyu60-00750-00190622-00190786 for residents and overcrowding the
6PP-C8eyu60-00751-00190787-00191065 public places while tourists spent an
6PP-C8eyu60-00752-00191066-00191377 estimated 30 billion euros in 2017 they
6PP-C8eyu60-00753-00191378-00191509 are viewed by some as a threat to
6PP-C8eyu60-00754-00191510-00191824 Barcelona's identity a May 2017 article
6PP-C8eyu60-00755-00191825-00191977 in England's The Telegraph newspaper
6PP-C8eyu60-00756-00191978-00192247 included Barcelona among the 8 places
6PP-C8eyu60-00757-00192248-00192445 that hate tourists the most and included
6PP-C8eyu60-00758-00192446-00192688 a comment from Mayor ADA Cola we don't
6PP-C8eyu60-00759-00192689-00192889 want the city to become a cheap souvenir
6PP-C8eyu60-00760-00192890-00193279 shop like Venice to moderate the problem
6PP-C8eyu60-00761-00193280-00193441 the city has stopped issuing licenses
6PP-C8eyu60-00762-00193442-00193723 for new hotels and holiday apartments it
6PP-C8eyu60-00763-00193724-00194080 also find Airbnb with a 30,000 euros the
6PP-C8eyu60-00764-00194081-00194254 mayor has suggested an additional
6PP-C8eyu60-00765-00194255-00194440 tourist tax and setting a limit on the
6PP-C8eyu60-00766-00194441-00194737 number of visitors one industry insider
6PP-C8eyu60-00767-00194738-00194932 Justin Francis founder of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00768-00194933-00195163 responsible travel agency stated that
6PP-C8eyu60-00769-00195164-00195328 steps must be taken to limit the number
6PP-C8eyu60-00770-00195329-00195562 of visitors that are causing an over
6PP-C8eyu60-00771-00195563-00195889 tourism crisis in several major European
6PP-C8eyu60-00772-00195890-00196150 cities ultimately residents must be
6PP-C8eyu60-00773-00196151-00196396 prioritized over tourists for housing
6PP-C8eyu60-00774-00196397-00196615 infrastructure and access to services
6PP-C8eyu60-00775-00196616-00196843 because they have a long-term stake in
6PP-C8eyu60-00776-00196844-00196980 the city's success
6PP-C8eyu60-00777-00196981-00197281 he said managing tourism more
6PP-C8eyu60-00778-00197282-00197602 responsibly can help Frances later told
6PP-C8eyu60-00779-00197603-00197848 a journalist but some destinations may
6PP-C8eyu60-00780-00197849-00198040 just have too many tourists and
6PP-C8eyu60-00781-00198041-00198460 Barcelona may be a case of that
6PP-C8eyu60-00782-00198461-00198615 you
6PP-C8eyu60-00783-00198616-00199172 topic manufacturing sector
6PP-C8eyu60-00784-00199173-00199458 industry generates 21 percent of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00785-00199459-00199743 total gross domestic product GDP of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00786-00199744-00199928 region with the energy chemical and
6PP-C8eyu60-00787-00199929-00200213 metallurgy industries accounting for 47%
6PP-C8eyu60-00788-00200214-00200487 of industrial production the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00789-00200488-00200789 metropolitan area had 67 percent of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00790-00200790-00200931 total number of industrial
6PP-C8eyu60-00791-00200932-00201222 establishments in Catalonia as of 1997
6PP-C8eyu60-00792-00201223-00201447 Barcelona has long been an important
6PP-C8eyu60-00793-00201448-00201688 European automobile manufacturing center
6PP-C8eyu60-00794-00201689-00201948 formerly there were automobile factories
6PP-C8eyu60-00795-00201949-00202175 of AFA a battle actividades
6PP-C8eyu60-00796-00202176-00202461 industrialists Alvarez America our taste
6PP-C8eyu60-00797-00202462-00202743 Darko's Bowl andres vera detective miss
6PP-C8eyu60-00798-00202744-00203031 cooter J Castro clue ax David Delfin
6PP-C8eyu60-00799-00203032-00203322 Diaz Y Grillo abroad trucks ettus
6PP-C8eyu60-00800-00203323-00203615 elizalde automobile as espana you court
6PP-C8eyu60-00801-00203616-00203898 Phoenix fabrica hispano auto academia
6PP-C8eyu60-00802-00203899-00204126 Garriga fabrica española de automóviles
6PP-C8eyu60-00803-00204127-00204426 hispano-suiza Huracan motors
6PP-C8eyu60-00804-00204427-00204768 haulers Herod er jr. SL copy like Quadra
6PP-C8eyu60-00805-00204769-00205053 ma automobile as mattis mo Torres Y
6PP-C8eyu60-00806-00205054-00205310 modos Nacional Coastal's national
6PP-C8eyu60-00807-00205311-00205637 Pescara Nacional RG nacional ruby
6PP-C8eyu60-00808-00205638-00205971 nacional city as automobile as nike Oryx
6PP-C8eyu60-00809-00205971-00206127 otro Ford parsha
6PP-C8eyu60-00810-00206128-00206454 pegaso PTV rycart Rijkaard espana
6PP-C8eyu60-00811-00206455-00206721 industrious Salvador CA de español ax
6PP-C8eyu60-00812-00206721-00207008 Stephenson Roma go sawai compañía garaje
6PP-C8eyu60-00813-00207009-00207233 storm haulers Herod er trimack
6PP-C8eyu60-00814-00207234-00207482 automobile as Victoria manufacturers
6PP-C8eyu60-00815-00207483-00207744 mechanika Zulu today the headquarters in
6PP-C8eyu60-00816-00207744-00207948 a large factory of see the largest
6PP-C8eyu60-00817-00207948-00208169 Spanish automobile manufacturer are in
6PP-C8eyu60-00818-00208171-00208409 one of its suburbs there is also a
6PP-C8eyu60-00819-00208410-00208616 Nissan Factory in the logistics and
6PP-C8eyu60-00820-00208617-00208910 industrial area of the city the factory
6PP-C8eyu60-00821-00208911-00209111 of derby a large manufacturer of
6PP-C8eyu60-00822-00209112-00209373 motorcycles scooters and mopeds also
6PP-C8eyu60-00823-00209373-00209564 lies near the city as in other modern
6PP-C8eyu60-00824-00209565-00209792 cities the manufacturing sector has long
6PP-C8eyu60-00825-00209794-00209979 since been overtaken by the services
6PP-C8eyu60-00826-00209980-00210171 sector though it remains very important
6PP-C8eyu60-00827-00210171-00210417 the region's leading industries are
6PP-C8eyu60-00828-00210417-00210683 textiles chemical pharmaceutical motor
6PP-C8eyu60-00829-00210684-00210963 electronic printing logistics publishing
6PP-C8eyu60-00830-00210964-00211176 in telecommunications industry and
6PP-C8eyu60-00831-00211177-00211319 culture the notable Mobile World
6PP-C8eyu60-00832-00211321-00211542 Congress and information technology
6PP-C8eyu60-00833-00211542-00211835 services topic fashion the traditional
6PP-C8eyu60-00834-00211836-00212052 importance of textiles is reflected in
6PP-C8eyu60-00835-00212053-00212232 Barcelona's drive to become a major
6PP-C8eyu60-00836-00212233-00212471 fashion center there have been many
6PP-C8eyu60-00837-00212473-00212562 attempts to
6PP-C8eyu60-00838-00212563-00212804 Barcelona as a fashion capital notably
6PP-C8eyu60-00839-00212805-00213002 gaudi home beginning in the summer of
6PP-C8eyu60-00840-00213003-00213224 2000 the city hosted the prestigious
6PP-C8eyu60-00841-00213225-00213419 bread-and-butter urban fashion fair
6PP-C8eyu60-00842-00213421-00213683 until 2009 when its organisers announced
6PP-C8eyu60-00843-00213684-00213851 that it would be returning to berlin
6PP-C8eyu60-00844-00213852-00214124 this was a hard blow for the city as the
6PP-C8eyu60-00845-00214125-00214349 fair brought 100 million euros to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00846-00214350-00214634 city in just three days since 2009 the
6PP-C8eyu60-00847-00214635-00214842 brand airy and urban fashion show has
6PP-C8eyu60-00848-00214842-00214973 been held in Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-00849-00214975-00215276 twice a year until 2012 according to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00850-00215277-00215492 global language monitors annual ranking
6PP-C8eyu60-00851-00215494-00215715 of the world's top 50 fashion capitals
6PP-C8eyu60-00852-00215716-00215903 Barcelona was named as the seventh most
6PP-C8eyu60-00853-00215904-00216110 important fashion capital of the world
6PP-C8eyu60-00854-00216111-00216339 right after Milano and before Berlin in
6PP-C8eyu60-00855-00216340-00216687 2015 topic government and administrative
6PP-C8eyu60-00856-00216688-00216840 divisions as the capital of the
6PP-C8eyu60-00857-00216841-00217034 autonomous community of Catalonia
6PP-C8eyu60-00858-00217035-00217242 Barcelona is the seed of the Catalan
6PP-C8eyu60-00859-00217242-00217442 government known as the generalitat de
6PP-C8eyu60-00860-00217444-00217644 catalunya a particular note are the
6PP-C8eyu60-00861-00217644-00217848 executive branch the Parliament and the
6PP-C8eyu60-00862-00217848-00218108 High Court of Justice of Catalonia the
6PP-C8eyu60-00863-00218109-00218298 city is also the capital of the province
6PP-C8eyu60-00864-00218298-00218565 of Barcelona and the Barcelona's comarca
6PP-C8eyu60-00865-00218566-00218871 district Barcelona is governed by a City
6PP-C8eyu60-00866-00218871-00219131 Council formed by 41 city councillors
6PP-C8eyu60-00867-00219132-00219308 elected for a four-year term by
6PP-C8eyu60-00868-00219309-00219569 universal suffrage as one of the two
6PP-C8eyu60-00869-00219571-00219698 biggest cities in Spain
6PP-C8eyu60-00870-00219700-00219942 Barcelona is subject to a special law
6PP-C8eyu60-00871-00219942-00220142 articulated through the card a municipal
6PP-C8eyu60-00872-00220144-00220433 municipal law a first version of this
6PP-C8eyu60-00873-00220434-00220709 law was passed in 1960 and amended later
6PP-C8eyu60-00874-00220710-00220901 but the current version was approved in
6PP-C8eyu60-00875-00220902-00221219 March 2006 according to this law
6PP-C8eyu60-00876-00221221-00221477 Barcelona's City Council is organized in
6PP-C8eyu60-00877-00221478-00221717 two levels a political one with elected
6PP-C8eyu60-00878-00221719-00221946 city councillors and one executive which
6PP-C8eyu60-00879-00221946-00222155 administrates the programs and executes
6PP-C8eyu60-00880-00222156-00222317 the decisions taken on the political
6PP-C8eyu60-00881-00222319-00222594 level this law also gives the local
6PP-C8eyu60-00882-00222594-00222789 government a special relationship with
6PP-C8eyu60-00883-00222790-00222971 the central government and it also gives
6PP-C8eyu60-00884-00222973-00223154 the mayor wider prerogatives by the
6PP-C8eyu60-00885-00223155-00223376 means of municipal executive commissions
6PP-C8eyu60-00886-00223377-00223634 it expands the powers of the City
6PP-C8eyu60-00887-00223635-00223874 Council in areas like telecommunications
6PP-C8eyu60-00888-00223875-00224112 city traffic Road Safety and public
6PP-C8eyu60-00889-00224113-00224156 safety
6PP-C8eyu60-00890-00224157-00224459 it also gives a special economic regime
6PP-C8eyu60-00891-00224460-00224640 to the city's Treasury and it gives the
6PP-C8eyu60-00892-00224641-00224831 council a veto in matters that will be
6PP-C8eyu60-00893-00224832-00225017 decided by the central government but
6PP-C8eyu60-00894-00225019-00225179 that will need a favorable report from
6PP-C8eyu60-00895-00225180-00225444 the council the kama Co de govern
6PP-C8eyu60-00896-00225444-00225648 government Commission is the executive
6PP-C8eyu60-00897-00225648-00225915 branch formed by 24 councillors led by
6PP-C8eyu60-00898-00225916-00225935 the
6PP-C8eyu60-00899-00225936-00226133 mayor with five lieutenant mayor's and
6PP-C8eyu60-00900-00226134-00226388 17 city councilors each in charge of an
6PP-C8eyu60-00901-00226389-00226594 area of government and five non elected
6PP-C8eyu60-00902-00226596-00226853 councillors the plenary formed by the
6PP-C8eyu60-00903-00226854-00227098 forty-one city councillors has advisory
6PP-C8eyu60-00904-00227100-00227371 Planning regulatory and fiscal executive
6PP-C8eyu60-00905-00227373-00227623 functions the six Commission's del
6PP-C8eyu60-00906-00227625-00227825 Council municipal City Council
6PP-C8eyu60-00907-00227826-00227990 commissions have executive and
6PP-C8eyu60-00908-00227991-00228161 controlling functions in the field of
6PP-C8eyu60-00909-00228162-00228413 their jurisdiction they are composed by
6PP-C8eyu60-00910-00228414-00228614 a number of councilors proportional to
6PP-C8eyu60-00911-00228615-00228779 the number of councillors each political
6PP-C8eyu60-00912-00228780-00229052 party has in the plenary the City
6PP-C8eyu60-00913-00229053-00229267 Council has jurisdiction in the fields
6PP-C8eyu60-00914-00229269-00229457 of City Planning transportation
6PP-C8eyu60-00915-00229458-00229730 municipal taxes public highways security
6PP-C8eyu60-00916-00229731-00229931 through the Guardia urbana the municipal
6PP-C8eyu60-00917-00229932-00230180 police city maintenance gardens parks
6PP-C8eyu60-00918-00230181-00230362 and environment facilities like schools
6PP-C8eyu60-00919-00230363-00230663 nurseries sports centers libraries and
6PP-C8eyu60-00920-00230664-00230939 so on Culture Sports youth and social
6PP-C8eyu60-00921-00230940-00231212 welfare some of these competencies are
6PP-C8eyu60-00922-00231213-00231377 not exclusive but shared with the
6PP-C8eyu60-00923-00231378-00231605 generalitat de catalunya or the central
6PP-C8eyu60-00924-00231606-00231869 Spanish government in some fields with
6PP-C8eyu60-00925-00231869-00232096 shared responsibilities such as public
6PP-C8eyu60-00926-00232098-00232310 health education or social services
6PP-C8eyu60-00927-00232311-00232523 there is a shared agency or consortium
6PP-C8eyu60-00928-00232523-00232721 between the city and the Generalitat to
6PP-C8eyu60-00929-00232721-00233036 plan and manage services the executive
6PP-C8eyu60-00930-00233037-00233237 branch is led by a chief municipal
6PP-C8eyu60-00931-00233238-00233438 executive officer which answers to the
6PP-C8eyu60-00932-00233439-00233708 mayor it is made up of departments which
6PP-C8eyu60-00933-00233709-00233915 are legally part of the City Council and
6PP-C8eyu60-00934-00233916-00234121 by separate legal entities of two types
6PP-C8eyu60-00935-00234123-00234373 autonomous public departments and public
6PP-C8eyu60-00936-00234375-00234596 enterprises the seat of the City Council
6PP-C8eyu60-00937-00234596-00234815 is on the placid Assange on opposite the
6PP-C8eyu60-00938-00234816-00235103 seed of generalitat de catalunya since
6PP-C8eyu60-00939-00235104-00235286 the coming of the Spanish democracy
6PP-C8eyu60-00940-00235287-00235523 Barcelona had been governed by the PSC
6PP-C8eyu60-00941-00235523-00235723 first with an absolute majority and
6PP-C8eyu60-00942-00235725-00236002 later in coalition with ERC and ICV
6PP-C8eyu60-00943-00236003-00236387 after the May 2007 election the ERC did
6PP-C8eyu60-00944-00236388-00236573 not renew the coalition agreement and
6PP-C8eyu60-00945-00236573-00236777 the PSC governed in a minority coalition
6PP-C8eyu60-00946-00236778-00237185 with ICV as the junior partner after 32
6PP-C8eyu60-00947-00237186-00237560 years on the 22nd of May 2011 CIU gained
6PP-C8eyu60-00948-00237561-00237752 a plurality of seats at the municipal
6PP-C8eyu60-00949-00237753-00238013 election gaining 15 seats to the PSC's
6PP-C8eyu60-00950-00238014-00238800 11 the PP hold 8 seats ICV 5 and ERC 2
6PP-C8eyu60-00951-00238801-00239535 topic districts since 1987 the city has
6PP-C8eyu60-00952-00239536-00239730 been divided into ten administrative
6PP-C8eyu60-00953-00239731-00239982 districts districts in Catalan distritos
6PP-C8eyu60-00954-00239983-00240525 in Spanish - tot Vella example sans
6PP-C8eyu60-00955-00240526-00241034 Manju ich les corts sorry asan Gervasi
6PP-C8eyu60-00956-00241035-00241611 Gracia porta guinardó no Baris San
6PP-C8eyu60-00957-00241612-00241935 Andreo son Mar type districts are based
6PP-C8eyu60-00958-00241936-00242136 mostly on historical divisions and
6PP-C8eyu60-00959-00242137-00242342 several or former towns and next by the
6PP-C8eyu60-00960-00242344-00242553 city of Barcelona in the 18th and 19th
6PP-C8eyu60-00961-00242554-00242754 centuries that still maintained their
6PP-C8eyu60-00962-00242755-00243027 own distinct character each district has
6PP-C8eyu60-00963-00243028-00243255 its own council led by a city councilor
6PP-C8eyu60-00964-00243256-00243507 the composition of each District Council
6PP-C8eyu60-00965-00243508-00243663 depends on the number of votes each
6PP-C8eyu60-00966-00243664-00243885 political party had in that district so
6PP-C8eyu60-00967-00243886-00244071 a district can be led by a counselor
6PP-C8eyu60-00968-00244071-00244203 from a different party than the
6PP-C8eyu60-00969-00244204-00244604 Executive Council
6PP-C8eyu60-00970-00244605-00245136 topic education
6PP-C8eyu60-00971-00245137-00245371 Barcelona has a well-developed higher
6PP-C8eyu60-00972-00245371-00245608 education system of public universities
6PP-C8eyu60-00973-00245609-00245823 most prominent among these as the
6PP-C8eyu60-00974-00245825-00246061 University of Barcelona established in
6PP-C8eyu60-00975-00246062-00246313 1450 a world-renowned research and
6PP-C8eyu60-00976-00246314-00246490 teaching institution with campuses
6PP-C8eyu60-00977-00246491-00246792 around the city Barcelona is also home
6PP-C8eyu60-00978-00246794-00246969 to the Polytechnic University of
6PP-C8eyu60-00979-00246971-00247156 Catalonia and the newer Pompeu Fabra
6PP-C8eyu60-00980-00247157-00247429 University and in the private sector the
6PP-C8eyu60-00981-00247430-00247732 EAD a Business School founded in 1957
6PP-C8eyu60-00982-00247733-00247975 became the first Barcelona institution
6PP-C8eyu60-00983-00247976-00248173 to run manager training programs for the
6PP-C8eyu60-00984-00248173-00248494 business community IESE Business School
6PP-C8eyu60-00985-00248494-00248673 as well as the largest private
6PP-C8eyu60-00986-00248675-00248898 educational institution the Ramon Llull
6PP-C8eyu60-00987-00248900-00249067 University which encompasses
6PP-C8eyu60-00988-00249067-00249265 internationally prestigious schools and
6PP-C8eyu60-00989-00249266-00249498 Institute's such as the ESA DD Business
6PP-C8eyu60-00990-00249500-00249763 School the Autonomous University of
6PP-C8eyu60-00991-00249764-00250015 Barcelona another public university is
6PP-C8eyu60-00992-00250016-00250237 located in Bella Terra a town in the
6PP-C8eyu60-00993-00250238-00250516 metropolitan area Toulouse Business
6PP-C8eyu60-00994-00250517-00250690 School and the Open University of
6PP-C8eyu60-00995-00250691-00250917 Catalonia a private internet centred
6PP-C8eyu60-00996-00250919-00251125 Open University are also based in
6PP-C8eyu60-00997-00251126-00251428 Barcelona the city has a network of
6PP-C8eyu60-00998-00251429-00251623 public schools from nurseries to high
6PP-C8eyu60-00999-00251623-00251833 schools under the responsibility of a
6PP-C8eyu60-01000-00251834-00252040 consortium led by City Council though
6PP-C8eyu60-01001-00252041-00252238 the curriculum is the responsibility of
6PP-C8eyu60-01002-00252239-00252508 the Generalitat de Catalunya there are
6PP-C8eyu60-01003-00252509-00252723 also many private schools some of them
6PP-C8eyu60-01004-00252725-00253030 Roman Catholic most such schools receive
6PP-C8eyu60-01005-00253031-00253261 a public subsidy on a per student basis
6PP-C8eyu60-01006-00253262-00253480 are subject to inspection by the public
6PP-C8eyu60-01007-00253481-00253657 authorities and are required to follow
6PP-C8eyu60-01008-00253658-00253882 the same curricular guidelines as public
6PP-C8eyu60-01009-00253883-00254134 schools though they charge tuition known
6PP-C8eyu60-01010-00254135-00254302 as Aeschylus concerted ease they are
6PP-C8eyu60-01011-00254303-00254485 distinct from schools whose funding is
6PP-C8eyu60-01012-00254486-00254796 entirely private Aeschylus pervades the
6PP-C8eyu60-01013-00254798-00254973 language of instruction at public
6PP-C8eyu60-01014-00254975-00255163 schools and sql's concerted ease as
6PP-C8eyu60-01015-00255164-00255469 Catalan as stipulated by the 2009 cattle
6PP-C8eyu60-01016-00255469-00255775 and Education Act Spanish may be used as
6PP-C8eyu60-01017-00255776-00255988 a language of instruction by teachers of
6PP-C8eyu60-01018-00255989-00256167 Spanish literature or language and
6PP-C8eyu60-01019-00256169-00256360 foreign languages by teachers of those
6PP-C8eyu60-01020-00256361-00256642 languages an experimental partial
6PP-C8eyu60-01021-00256642-00256831 immersion program adopted by some
6PP-C8eyu60-01022-00256832-00257005 schools allows for the teaching of a
6PP-C8eyu60-01023-00257006-00257194 foreign language English generally
6PP-C8eyu60-01024-00257194-00257367 across the curriculum though this is
6PP-C8eyu60-01025-00257369-00257592 limited to a maximum of 30% of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01026-00257594-00257878 school day no public school or a school
6PP-C8eyu60-01027-00257879-00258082 a concerted ax in Barcelona may offer
6PP-C8eyu60-01028-00258083-00258342 50% or full immersion programs in a
6PP-C8eyu60-01029-00258344-00258481 foreign language nor does
6PP-C8eyu60-01030-00258482-00258673 any public school or a school a concert
6PP-C8eyu60-01031-00258673-00258817 oughtta offer international
6PP-C8eyu60-01032-00258817-00259248 baccalaureate programs
6PP-C8eyu60-01033-00259248-00259775 topic culture
6PP-C8eyu60-01034-00259776-00260069 Barcelona's cultural roots go back 2,000
6PP-C8eyu60-01035-00260071-00260342 years since the arrival of democracy the
6PP-C8eyu60-01036-00260344-00260541 Catalan language very much repressed
6PP-C8eyu60-01037-00260542-00260739 during the dictatorship of Franco has
6PP-C8eyu60-01038-00260740-00260931 been promoted both by recovering works
6PP-C8eyu60-01039-00260932-00261117 from the past and by stimulating the
6PP-C8eyu60-01040-00261117-00261398 creation of new works Barcelona is
6PP-C8eyu60-01041-00261400-00261615 designated as a world-class city by the
6PP-C8eyu60-01042-00261616-00261804 globalization and world cities study
6PP-C8eyu60-01043-00261805-00262059 group and network that has also been
6PP-C8eyu60-01044-00262060-00262254 part of the UNESCO creative cities
6PP-C8eyu60-01045-00262255-00262446 network as a city of literature since
6PP-C8eyu60-01046-00262447-00262870 2015
6PP-C8eyu60-01047-00262871-00263422 topic entertainment and Performing Arts
6PP-C8eyu60-01048-00263423-00263669 Barcelona has many venues for live music
6PP-C8eyu60-01049-00263670-00263906 and theater including the world-renowned
6PP-C8eyu60-01050-00263907-00264170 grantee a Trudel Liceu Opera House the
6PP-C8eyu60-01051-00264171-00264440 Teatro Nacional de Catalunya the Teatro
6PP-C8eyu60-01052-00264441-00264590 lugar and the palau de la música
6PP-C8eyu60-01053-00264591-00264941 catalana concert hall barcelona also is
6PP-C8eyu60-01054-00264942-00265124 home to the barcelona symphony and
6PP-C8eyu60-01055-00265125-00265339 catalonia National Orchestra orchestra
6PP-C8eyu60-01056-00265340-00265622 Symphonica de Barcelona nacional de
6PP-C8eyu60-01057-00265623-00265883 Catalunya usually known as OBC the
6PP-C8eyu60-01058-00265884-00266117 largest symphonic orchestra in Catalonia
6PP-C8eyu60-01059-00266118-00266507 in 1999 the OBC inaugurated its new
6PP-C8eyu60-01060-00266508-00266669 venue in the brand new auditorium
6PP-C8eyu60-01061-00266670-00267059 laudatory it performs around 75 concerts
6PP-C8eyu60-01062-00267060-00267242 per season and its current director as
6PP-C8eyu60-01063-00267243-00267572 AGOA it is home to the Barcelona guitar
6PP-C8eyu60-01064-00267573-00267923 Orchestra directed by sergey vicente the
6PP-C8eyu60-01065-00267924-00268130 major thoroughfare of La Rambla is home
6PP-C8eyu60-01066-00268131-00268375 to mime artists and street performers
6PP-C8eyu60-01067-00268376-00268670 yearly two major pop music festivals
6PP-C8eyu60-01068-00268671-00268853 take place in the city the sonar
6PP-C8eyu60-01069-00268854-00269003 festival and the Primavera Sound
6PP-C8eyu60-01070-00269004-00269300 Festival the city also has a thriving
6PP-C8eyu60-01071-00269301-00269519 alternative music scene with groups such
6PP-C8eyu60-01072-00269520-00269678 as The Pinker tones receiving
6PP-C8eyu60-01073-00269679-00270069 international attention
6PP-C8eyu60-01074-00270070-00270542 topic media
6PP-C8eyu60-01075-00270543-00270812 el periódico de catalunya la vanguardia
6PP-C8eyu60-01076-00270813-00271057 and era are Barcelona's three major
6PP-C8eyu60-01077-00271058-00271268 daily newspapers the first two with
6PP-C8eyu60-01078-00271269-00271526 Catalan and Spanish editions era only in
6PP-C8eyu60-01079-00271527-00271697 Catalan while Sport and El Mundo
6PP-C8eyu60-01080-00271698-00271952 Deportivo both in Spanish are the city's
6PP-C8eyu60-01081-00271953-00272155 two major sports daily newspapers
6PP-C8eyu60-01082-00272156-00272434 published by the same companies the city
6PP-C8eyu60-01083-00272435-00272639 is also served by a number of smaller
6PP-C8eyu60-01084-00272640-00272884 publications such as era and El Ponte
6PP-C8eyu60-01085-00272885-00273188 vui in Catalan by nationwide newspapers
6PP-C8eyu60-01086-00273189-00273409 with special Barcelona editions like el
6PP-C8eyu60-01087-00273410-00273623 pays in Spanish with an online version
6PP-C8eyu60-01088-00273624-00273872 in Catalan and El Mundo in Spanish and
6PP-C8eyu60-01089-00273873-00274084 by several free newspapers like 20
6PP-C8eyu60-01090-00274085-00274351 minutos and que all bilingual
6PP-C8eyu60-01091-00274352-00274577 Barcelona's oldest and main online
6PP-C8eyu60-01092-00274578-00274804 newspaper Villa web is also the oldest
6PP-C8eyu60-01093-00274805-00275000 one in Europe with Catalan and English
6PP-C8eyu60-01094-00275001-00275335 editions several major FM stations
6PP-C8eyu60-01095-00275336-00275588 include Catalunya radio rac1
6PP-C8eyu60-01096-00275589-00276109 RAC 105 in Kadena ser Barcelona also has
6PP-C8eyu60-01097-00276110-00276437 a local TV stations B TV owned by City
6PP-C8eyu60-01098-00276438-00276749 Council the headquarters of televisio de
6PP-C8eyu60-01099-00276750-00277001 Catalunya Catalonia's public network are
6PP-C8eyu60-01100-00277002-00277274 located in San Joan SP in Barcelona's
6PP-C8eyu60-01101-00277275-00277661 metropolitan area
6PP-C8eyu60-01102-00277662-00278157 topic sports
6PP-C8eyu60-01103-00278158-00278428 Barcelona has a long sporting tradition
6PP-C8eyu60-01104-00278429-00278692 and hosted the highly successful 1992
6PP-C8eyu60-01105-00278693-00278878 Summer Olympics as well as several
6PP-C8eyu60-01106-00278879-00279154 matches during the 1982 FIFA World Cup
6PP-C8eyu60-01107-00279155-00279439 at the two stadiums it has hosted about
6PP-C8eyu60-01108-00279440-00279631 30 sports events of international
6PP-C8eyu60-01109-00279632-00279988 significance FC Barcelona is a sports
6PP-C8eyu60-01110-00279989-00280165 club best known worldwide for its
6PP-C8eyu60-01111-00280166-00280381 football team one of the largest and the
6PP-C8eyu60-01112-00280382-00280690 second richest in the world it has 72
6PP-C8eyu60-01113-00280691-00280927 national trophies while finishing 46
6PP-C8eyu60-01114-00280928-00281179 times as runners-up and 17 continental
6PP-C8eyu60-01115-00281180-00281398 prizes with being runners-up 11 times
6PP-C8eyu60-01116-00281399-00281608 including five UEFA Champions League
6PP-C8eyu60-01117-00281609-00281809 trophies out of eight finals and three
6PP-C8eyu60-01118-00281810-00282013 FIFA Club World Cup wins out of four
6PP-C8eyu60-01119-00282014-00282313 finals it is the only male football team
6PP-C8eyu60-01120-00282314-00282439 in the world to accomplish a
6PP-C8eyu60-01121-00282440-00282781 single-season sex tuple FC Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01122-00282782-00282991 also has professional teams in other
6PP-C8eyu60-01123-00282992-00283195 sports like FC Barcelona regal
6PP-C8eyu60-01124-00283196-00283471 basketball FC Barcelona handball
6PP-C8eyu60-01125-00283472-00283753 handball FC Barcelona Hoch Way roller
6PP-C8eyu60-01126-00283754-00284020 hockey FC Barcelona ice hockey ice
6PP-C8eyu60-01127-00284021-00284377 hockey FC Barcelona futsal futsal and FC
6PP-C8eyu60-01128-00284378-00284638 Barcelona rugby rugby union all at one
6PP-C8eyu60-01129-00284639-00284797 point winners of the highest national
6PP-C8eyu60-01130-00284798-00285106 and/or european competitions the club's
6PP-C8eyu60-01131-00285107-00285316 museum is the second most visited in
6PP-C8eyu60-01132-00285317-00285574 Catalonia the matches against crosstown
6PP-C8eyu60-01133-00285575-00285814 rivals RCD Espanyol are of particular
6PP-C8eyu60-01134-00285815-00286039 interest but there are other barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01135-00286040-00286252 and football clubs in lower categories
6PP-C8eyu60-01136-00286253-00286621 like ze Europa and u Isan Dandrea FC
6PP-C8eyu60-01137-00286622-00286870 Barcelona's basketball team has a noted
6PP-C8eyu60-01138-00286871-00287086 rivalry in the Liga ACB with nearby
6PP-C8eyu60-01139-00287087-00287286 Joventut badalona
6PP-C8eyu60-01140-00287287-00287581 Barcelona has three UEFA elite stadiums
6PP-C8eyu60-01141-00287582-00287857 FC Barcelona's Camp know the largest
6PP-C8eyu60-01142-00287858-00288049 stadium in Europe with a capacity of
6PP-C8eyu60-01143-00288050-00288352 ninety nine thousand 354 the publicly
6PP-C8eyu60-01144-00288353-00288607 owned Estadi Olympic Luis companies with
6PP-C8eyu60-01145-00288608-00289000 a capacity of 55,000 926 used for the
6PP-C8eyu60-01146-00289001-00289318 1992 Olympics an ST cornellà el prat
6PP-C8eyu60-01147-00289319-00289593 with a capacity of 40,000 500
6PP-C8eyu60-01148-00289594-00289855 furthermore the city has several smaller
6PP-C8eyu60-01149-00289856-00290110 stadiums such as mini Estadi also owned
6PP-C8eyu60-01150-00290111-00290343 by FC Barcelona with a capacity of
6PP-C8eyu60-01151-00290344-00290641 15,000 camp municipal marsala with a
6PP-C8eyu60-01152-00290642-00291022 capacity of 6,000 563 and no Sardinia
6PP-C8eyu60-01153-00291023-00291337 with a capacity of 7,000 the city has a
6PP-C8eyu60-01154-00291338-00291541 further three multifunctional venue
6PP-C8eyu60-01155-00291542-00291735 for sports and concerts the Palau Sant
6PP-C8eyu60-01156-00291736-00292010 Jordi with a capacity of 12,000 to
6PP-C8eyu60-01157-00292011-00292264 24,000 depending on use the Palau
6PP-C8eyu60-01158-00292265-00292588 Blaugrana with a capacity of 7500 and
6PP-C8eyu60-01159-00292589-00292801 the Palau Del's eSports de Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01160-00292802-00293232 with a capacity of 3,500 Barcelona was
6PP-C8eyu60-01161-00293233-00293446 the host city for the 2013 World
6PP-C8eyu60-01162-00293447-00293641 Aquatics Championships which were held
6PP-C8eyu60-01163-00293642-00293944 at the Palau Sant Jordi several road
6PP-C8eyu60-01164-00293945-00294163 running competitions are organized year
6PP-C8eyu60-01165-00294164-00294360 round in Barcelona the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01166-00294361-00294609 marathon every March with over 10,000
6PP-C8eyu60-01167-00294610-00294834 participants in 2010 the cursor to
6PP-C8eyu60-01168-00294835-00295072 bombers in April the cursor to El Corte
6PP-C8eyu60-01169-00295073-00295305 inglis in May with about 60,000
6PP-C8eyu60-01170-00295306-00295498 participants each year the cursor till
6PP-C8eyu60-01171-00295499-00295723 immerse the cursor Jean Bowen the miele
6PP-C8eyu60-01172-00295724-00295951 Sagrada família and the San Sylve stray
6PP-C8eyu60-01173-00295952-00296188 there's also the ultra trail call
6PP-C8eyu60-01174-00296189-00296484 Sorolla which passes 85 kilometres 53
6PP-C8eyu60-01175-00296485-00296752 miles through the cultural of forest the
6PP-C8eyu60-01176-00296753-00297052 open sea godo a 50 year-old ATP World
6PP-C8eyu60-01177-00297053-00297301 Tour 500 series tennis tournament is
6PP-C8eyu60-01178-00297302-00297499 held annually in the facilities of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01179-00297500-00297751 real Club de tennis Barcelona each
6PP-C8eyu60-01180-00297752-00297964 Christmas a swimming race across the
6PP-C8eyu60-01181-00297965-00298246 port is organized near Barcelona in Mont
6PP-C8eyu60-01182-00298247-00298567 Mello the 107,000 capacity circuit de
6PP-C8eyu60-01183-00298568-00298798 Barcelona Catalunya racetrack hosts the
6PP-C8eyu60-01184-00298799-00298996 Formula One Spanish Grand Prix the
6PP-C8eyu60-01185-00298997-00299212 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix the
6PP-C8eyu60-01186-00299213-00299470 Spanish GT Championship and races in the
6PP-C8eyu60-01187-00299471-00299818 gp2 series skateboarding and cycling are
6PP-C8eyu60-01188-00299819-00300064 also very popular in Barcelona in and
6PP-C8eyu60-01189-00300065-00300220 around the city there are dozens of
6PP-C8eyu60-01190-00300221-00300669 kilometres of bicycle paths
6PP-C8eyu60-01191-00300670-00301203 topic squatter's movement
6PP-C8eyu60-01192-00301204-00301426 Barcelona is also home to numerous
6PP-C8eyu60-01193-00301427-00301648 social centers and illegal squats that
6PP-C8eyu60-01194-00301649-00301897 effectively form a shadow society mainly
6PP-C8eyu60-01195-00301898-00302085 made up of the unemployed immigrants
6PP-C8eyu60-01196-00302086-00302362 dropouts anarchists anti-authoritarian
6PP-C8eyu60-01197-00302363-00302626 and autonomous --tz-- Peter Gelder Lou's
6PP-C8eyu60-01198-00302627-00302821 estimates that they're around 200
6PP-C8eyu60-01199-00302822-00303060 squatted buildings and 40 social centers
6PP-C8eyu60-01200-00303061-00303217 across the city with thousands of
6PP-C8eyu60-01201-00303218-00303400 inhabitants making it one of the largest
6PP-C8eyu60-01202-00303401-00303688 squatter movements in the world he notes
6PP-C8eyu60-01203-00303689-00303877 that they pirate electricity internet
6PP-C8eyu60-01204-00303878-00304072 and water allowing them to live on less
6PP-C8eyu60-01205-00304073-00304354 than 1 euro a day he argues that these
6PP-C8eyu60-01206-00304355-00304570 squats embrace an and narco communist
6PP-C8eyu60-01207-00304571-00304801 and anti work philosophy often freely
6PP-C8eyu60-01208-00304802-00305017 fixing up new houses cleaning patching
6PP-C8eyu60-01209-00305018-00305251 roofs installing windows toilets showers
6PP-C8eyu60-01210-00305252-00305542 lights and kitchens in the wake of
6PP-C8eyu60-01211-00305543-00305746 austerity the squats have provided a
6PP-C8eyu60-01212-00305747-00305917 number of social services to the
6PP-C8eyu60-01213-00305918-00306139 surrounding residents including bicycle
6PP-C8eyu60-01214-00306140-00306352 repair workshops carpentry workshops
6PP-C8eyu60-01215-00306353-00306595 self-defense classes free libraries
6PP-C8eyu60-01216-00306596-00306850 community gardens free meals computer
6PP-C8eyu60-01217-00306851-00307078 labs language classes theatre groups
6PP-C8eyu60-01218-00307079-00307264 free medical care and legal support
6PP-C8eyu60-01219-00307265-00307525 services the squats help elderly
6PP-C8eyu60-01220-00307526-00307753 residents avoid eviction and organize
6PP-C8eyu60-01221-00307754-00307985 various protests throughout Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01222-00307986-00308263 notable squats include combines in Kim
6PP-C8eyu60-01223-00308264-00308494 masse dias police have repeatedly tried
6PP-C8eyu60-01224-00308495-00308680 to shut down the squatters movement with
6PP-C8eyu60-01225-00308681-00308872 waves of evictions and raids but the
6PP-C8eyu60-01226-00308873-00309385 movement is still going strong
6PP-C8eyu60-01227-00309386-00309835 topic transport
6PP-C8eyu60-01228-00309836-00310330 topic airports
6PP-C8eyu60-01229-00310331-00310622 Barcelona is served by Barcelona el prat
6PP-C8eyu60-01230-00310623-00310909 airport about 17 kilometers 11 miles
6PP-C8eyu60-01231-00310910-00311185 from the center of Barcelona it is the
6PP-C8eyu60-01232-00311186-00311402 second largest airport in Spain and the
6PP-C8eyu60-01233-00311403-00311609 largest on the Mediterranean coast which
6PP-C8eyu60-01234-00311610-00311843 handled more than 44 point 1 million
6PP-C8eyu60-01235-00311844-00312029 passengers in 2016
6PP-C8eyu60-01236-00312030-00312281 showing an annual upward trend it is a
6PP-C8eyu60-01237-00312282-00312467 main hub for Wehling Airlines and
6PP-C8eyu60-01238-00312468-00312725 Ryanair and also a focus for Iberia and
6PP-C8eyu60-01239-00312726-00313004 Air Europa the airport mainly serves
6PP-C8eyu60-01240-00313005-00313210 domestic and European destinations
6PP-C8eyu60-01241-00313211-00313340 although some airlines offer
6PP-C8eyu60-01242-00313341-00313598 destinations in Latin America Asia in
6PP-C8eyu60-01243-00313599-00313847 the United States the airport is
6PP-C8eyu60-01244-00313848-00314066 connected to the city by highway Metro
6PP-C8eyu60-01245-00314067-00314342 Airport t1 and Airport t2 stations
6PP-C8eyu60-01246-00314343-00314606 commuter train Barcelona Airport railway
6PP-C8eyu60-01247-00314607-00314900 station and scheduled bus service a new
6PP-C8eyu60-01248-00314901-00315137 terminal t1 has been built and entered
6PP-C8eyu60-01249-00315138-00315530 service on the 17th of June 2009 some
6PP-C8eyu60-01250-00315531-00315809 low-cost airlines also used Girona Costa
6PP-C8eyu60-01251-00315810-00316091 Brava Airport about 90 kilometres 56
6PP-C8eyu60-01252-00316092-00316321 miles to the north royce Airport 77
6PP-C8eyu60-01253-00316322-00316450 kilometers
6PP-C8eyu60-01254-00316451-00316751 to the south or leta al guerre Airport
6PP-C8eyu60-01255-00316752-00317081 about 150 kilometres 93 miles to the
6PP-C8eyu60-01256-00317082-00317387 west of the city Sabadell airport is a
6PP-C8eyu60-01257-00317388-00317576 smaller Airport in the nearby town of
6PP-C8eyu60-01258-00317577-00317828 Sabadell devoted to pilot training era
6PP-C8eyu60-01259-00317829-00318340 taxi and private flights
6PP-C8eyu60-01260-00318341-00318743 pick Seaport
6PP-C8eyu60-01261-00318744-00319031 the port of Barcelona has a 2,000 year
6PP-C8eyu60-01262-00319032-00319205 old history and a great contemporary
6PP-C8eyu60-01263-00319206-00319463 commercial importance it is Europe's
6PP-C8eyu60-01264-00319464-00319652 ninth largest container port with a
6PP-C8eyu60-01265-00319653-00319985 trade volume of 1.7 two million TEUs in
6PP-C8eyu60-01266-00319986-00320297 2013 the port is managed by the Port
6PP-C8eyu60-01267-00320298-00320543 Authority of Barcelona it's ten square
6PP-C8eyu60-01268-00320544-00320786 kilometers four square miles are divided
6PP-C8eyu60-01269-00320787-00321032 into three zones port vell the old port
6PP-C8eyu60-01270-00321033-00321197 the commercial port and the logistics
6PP-C8eyu60-01271-00321198-00321509 port Barcelona Freeport the port is
6PP-C8eyu60-01272-00321510-00321677 undergoing an enlargement that will
6PP-C8eyu60-01273-00321678-00321860 double its size thanks to diverting the
6PP-C8eyu60-01274-00321861-00322016 mouth of the Llobregat River two
6PP-C8eyu60-01275-00322017-00322328 kilometers one mile to the south the
6PP-C8eyu60-01276-00322329-00322517 Barcelona Harbor is the leading European
6PP-C8eyu60-01277-00322518-00322727 cruiser port and a most important
6PP-C8eyu60-01278-00322728-00323099 Mediterranean turnaround base in 2013 3
6PP-C8eyu60-01279-00323100-00323363 6 million of pleasure cruises passengers
6PP-C8eyu60-01280-00323364-00323573 used services of the port of Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01281-00323574-00323813 the port vell area also houses the Mari
6PP-C8eyu60-01282-00323814-00324041 Magnum a commercial mall a multiplex
6PP-C8eyu60-01283-00324042-00324260 cinema the IMAX port vell in one of
6PP-C8eyu60-01284-00324261-00324467 Europe's largest aquariums aquarium
6PP-C8eyu60-01285-00324468-00324743 Barcelona containing 8,000 fish and 11
6PP-C8eyu60-01286-00324744-00324968 sharks contained in 22 basins filled
6PP-C8eyu60-01287-00324969-00325250 with 4 million liters of seawater the
6PP-C8eyu60-01288-00325251-00325442 Mari magnum being situated within the
6PP-C8eyu60-01289-00325443-00325613 confines of the port is the only
6PP-C8eyu60-01290-00325614-00325787 commercial mall in the city that can
6PP-C8eyu60-01291-00325788-00326267 open on Sundays and public holidays
6PP-C8eyu60-01292-00326268-00326762 topic railway
6PP-C8eyu60-01293-00326763-00327042 Barcelona is a major hub for renfe the
6PP-C8eyu60-01294-00327043-00327327 Spanish state railway network the city's
6PP-C8eyu60-01295-00327328-00327570 main intercity rail station as barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01296-00327571-00327822 sants railway station whilst Estacio de
6PP-C8eyu60-01297-00327823-00328029 franca terminus serves a secondary role
6PP-C8eyu60-01298-00328030-00328248 handling suburban regional and medium
6PP-C8eyu60-01299-00328249-00328503 distance services freight services
6PP-C8eyu60-01300-00328504-00328704 operate to local industries into the
6PP-C8eyu60-01301-00328705-00329073 port of Barcelona re and Effie's Avenue
6PP-C8eyu60-01302-00329074-00329247 high-speed rail system which is designed
6PP-C8eyu60-01303-00329248-00329724 for speeds of 310 km/h 193 miles per
6PP-C8eyu60-01304-00329725-00329889 hour was extended from Madrid to
6PP-C8eyu60-01305-00329890-00330141 Barcelona in 2008 in the form of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01306-00330142-00330368 Madrid Barcelona high-speed rail line a
6PP-C8eyu60-01307-00330369-00330684 shared renfa SNCF high-speed rail
6PP-C8eyu60-01308-00330685-00330900 connecting Barcelona and France Paris
6PP-C8eyu60-01309-00330901-00331062 Marseille and Toulouse
6PP-C8eyu60-01310-00331063-00331254 through per pignon Barcelona high-speed
6PP-C8eyu60-01311-00331255-00331560 rail line was launched in 2013 both
6PP-C8eyu60-01312-00331561-00331761 these lines serve barcelona sants
6PP-C8eyu60-01313-00331762-00331989 terminal station besides our en fe
6PP-C8eyu60-01314-00331990-00332211 services other rail services in the
6PP-C8eyu60-01315-00332212-00332442 Barcelona area are operated by the Faro
6PP-C8eyu60-01316-00332443-00332658 Carol's Dilla generalitat de catalunya
6PP-C8eyu60-01317-00332659-00333006 fgc owned by the Catalan government the
6PP-C8eyu60-01318-00333007-00333261 fgc operates largely commuter rail
6PP-C8eyu60-01319-00333262-00333489 services but also carries Freight to the
6PP-C8eyu60-01320-00333490-00333699 port of Barcelona as well as a number of
6PP-C8eyu60-01321-00333700-00333924 RAC railways and funiculars and three of
6PP-C8eyu60-01322-00333925-00334125 the lines of the Barcelona Metro sea
6PP-C8eyu60-01323-00334126-00334383 local public transport below other
6PP-C8eyu60-01324-00334384-00334584 suburban services are operated by
6PP-C8eyu60-01325-00334585-00335118 rodella's de Catalunya over renfe tracks
6PP-C8eyu60-01326-00335119-00335662 topic roads and highways
6PP-C8eyu60-01327-00335663-00335891 Barcelona lies on three international
6PP-C8eyu60-01328-00335892-00336179 routes including European Rudi 15 that
6PP-C8eyu60-01329-00336180-00336407 follows the Mediterranean coast European
6PP-C8eyu60-01330-00336408-00336602 routine 92 Madrid and Lisbon and
6PP-C8eyu60-01331-00336603-00336929 European route io9 to Paris it is also
6PP-C8eyu60-01332-00336930-00337139 served by a comprehensive network of
6PP-C8eyu60-01333-00337140-00337310 motorways and highways throughout the
6PP-C8eyu60-01334-00337311-00337645 metropolitan area including a to a 7/8
6PP-C8eyu60-01335-00337646-00338519 p7c 16 c 17 c 31 c 32 c 33 c 60 the city
6PP-C8eyu60-01336-00338520-00338735 is circled by three half ring roads or
6PP-C8eyu60-01337-00338736-00339014 bypasses run dead adult b20 on the
6PP-C8eyu60-01338-00339015-00339317 mountainside ronda del literal b10 along
6PP-C8eyu60-01339-00339318-00339536 the coast and ronda del make separated
6PP-C8eyu60-01340-00339537-00339629 into two parts
6PP-C8eyu60-01341-00339630-00339830 travis arid adult in the north and the
6PP-C8eyu60-01342-00339831-00340031 gran vía de carl's three - partially
6PP-C8eyu60-01343-00340032-00340271 covered fast highways with several exits
6PP-C8eyu60-01344-00340272-00340559 that bypass the city the city's main
6PP-C8eyu60-01345-00340560-00340793 arteries include diagonal Avenue which
6PP-C8eyu60-01346-00340794-00341051 crosses it diagonally Meridiana Avenue
6PP-C8eyu60-01347-00341052-00341246 which leads to Glory's and connects with
6PP-C8eyu60-01348-00341247-00341471 diagonal Avenue and Gran vía de les
6PP-C8eyu60-01349-00341472-00341681 corts Catalans which crosses the city
6PP-C8eyu60-01350-00341682-00341864 from east to west passing through its
6PP-C8eyu60-01351-00341865-00342158 centre the famous boulevard of La Rambla
6PP-C8eyu60-01352-00342159-00342341 whilst no longer an important vehicular
6PP-C8eyu60-01353-00342342-00342554 route remains an important pedestrian
6PP-C8eyu60-01354-00342555-00342872 route the Astacio del nord northern
6PP-C8eyu60-01355-00342873-00343100 station a former railway station which
6PP-C8eyu60-01356-00343101-00343367 was renovated for the 1992 Olympic Games
6PP-C8eyu60-01357-00343368-00343559 now serves as the terminus for long
6PP-C8eyu60-01358-00343560-00344019 distance and regional bus services
6PP-C8eyu60-01359-00344020-00344598 topic local public transport
6PP-C8eyu60-01360-00344599-00344824 Barcelona is served by a comprehensive
6PP-C8eyu60-01361-00344825-00345067 local public transport network that
6PP-C8eyu60-01362-00345068-00345285 includes a metro a bus network to
6PP-C8eyu60-01363-00345286-00345520 separate modern tram networks a separate
6PP-C8eyu60-01364-00345521-00345727 historic tram line and several funicular
6PP-C8eyu60-01365-00345728-00346024 Xand aerial cable cars most of these
6PP-C8eyu60-01366-00346025-00346249 networks and lines form a coordinated
6PP-C8eyu60-01367-00346250-00346327 fare system
6PP-C8eyu60-01368-00346328-00346516 administered by the auto-attack del
6PP-C8eyu60-01369-00346517-00346777 transport metropolitan ATM although they
6PP-C8eyu60-01370-00346778-00346915 are operated by a number of different
6PP-C8eyu60-01371-00346916-00347253 bodies this integrated public transport
6PP-C8eyu60-01372-00347254-00347488 is divided into different zones 1 to 6
6PP-C8eyu60-01373-00347489-00347671 and depending on usage various
6PP-C8eyu60-01374-00347672-00347882 integrated travel cards are available
6PP-C8eyu60-01375-00347883-00348180 the largely underground barcelona metro
6PP-C8eyu60-01376-00348181-00348472 network comprises 12 lines identified by
6PP-C8eyu60-01377-00348473-00348769 an L followed by the line number as well
6PP-C8eyu60-01378-00348770-00349029 as by individual colors 8 of these lines
6PP-C8eyu60-01379-00349030-00349243 are operated on dedicated track by the
6PP-C8eyu60-01380-00349244-00349485 transports Metropolitan's de Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01381-00349486-00349752 tmb whilst 4 lines are operated by the
6PP-C8eyu60-01382-00349753-00349953 Faro Carol's de la generalitat de
6PP-C8eyu60-01383-00349954-00350208 catalunya fgc and some of them share
6PP-C8eyu60-01384-00350209-00350379 tracks with that company's commuter
6PP-C8eyu60-01385-00350380-00350821 lines another company tra mme T operates
6PP-C8eyu60-01386-00350822-00351013 the city's two modern tram networks
6PP-C8eyu60-01387-00351014-00351301 known as tram by and tram basis the
6PP-C8eyu60-01388-00351302-00351514 historic tram line the tram via Blau
6PP-C8eyu60-01389-00351515-00351844 connects the Metro l7 operated by F G C
6PP-C8eyu60-01390-00351845-00352126 to the funicular Delta B Davao operated
6PP-C8eyu60-01391-00352127-00352471 by TM B the funicular de tibidabo climbs
6PP-C8eyu60-01392-00352472-00352672 the tibidabo Hill as does the funicular
6PP-C8eyu60-01393-00352673-00353047 de val Vedra F G C the funicular demand
6PP-C8eyu60-01394-00353048-00353379 Joey TM b climbs the Mandrake Hill the
6PP-C8eyu60-01395-00353380-00353638 city has two aerial cable cars the Manju
6PP-C8eyu60-01396-00353639-00353856 week cable car to the man joey castle
6PP-C8eyu60-01397-00353857-00354046 and the port vell aerial tramway that
6PP-C8eyu60-01398-00354047-00354183 runs via tour a Jamaa
6PP-C8eyu60-01399-00354184-00354450 and Taurus on Sebastia over the port
6PP-C8eyu60-01400-00354451-00354739 buses in Barcelona are a major form of
6PP-C8eyu60-01401-00354740-00354954 public transport with extensive local
6PP-C8eyu60-01402-00354955-00355264 interurban and night bus networks most
6PP-C8eyu60-01403-00355265-00355522 local services are operated by the TMB
6PP-C8eyu60-01404-00355523-00355680 although some other services are
6PP-C8eyu60-01405-00355681-00355833 operated by a number of private
6PP-C8eyu60-01406-00355834-00356068 companies albeit still within the ATM
6PP-C8eyu60-01407-00356069-00356350 fare structure a separate private bus
6PP-C8eyu60-01408-00356351-00356599 line known as I robust links the airport
6PP-C8eyu60-01409-00356600-00356770 with the city center with its own fare
6PP-C8eyu60-01410-00356771-00357118 structure Barcelona has a metered taxi
6PP-C8eyu60-01411-00357119-00357271 fleet governed by the institute
6PP-C8eyu60-01412-00357272-00357555 metropolitan taxi metropolitan taxi
6PP-C8eyu60-01413-00357556-00357787 institute composed of more than 10,000
6PP-C8eyu60-01414-00357788-00357856 cars
6PP-C8eyu60-01415-00357857-00358090 most of the licenses are in the hands of
6PP-C8eyu60-01416-00358091-00358354 self-employed drivers with their black
6PP-C8eyu60-01417-00358355-00358603 and yellow livery Barcelona's taxis are
6PP-C8eyu60-01418-00358604-00358777 easily spotted and can be caught from
6PP-C8eyu60-01419-00358778-00359008 one of many taxi ranks held on street
6PP-C8eyu60-01420-00359009-00359215 called by telephone or via app on the
6PP-C8eyu60-01421-00359216-00359539 22nd of March 2007 Barcelona's City
6PP-C8eyu60-01422-00359540-00359734 Council started the booking service a
6PP-C8eyu60-01423-00359735-00359956 bicycle service understood as a public
6PP-C8eyu60-01424-00359957-00360223 transport once the user has their user
6PP-C8eyu60-01425-00360224-00360442 card they can take a bicycle from any of
6PP-C8eyu60-01426-00360443-00360658 the more than 400 stations spread around
6PP-C8eyu60-01427-00360659-00360838 the city and use it anywhere the urban
6PP-C8eyu60-01428-00360839-00361015 area of the city and then leave it at
6PP-C8eyu60-01429-00361016-00361261 another station the service has been a
6PP-C8eyu60-01430-00361262-00361543 success with 50,000 subscribed users in
6PP-C8eyu60-01431-00361544-00361981 3 months
6PP-C8eyu60-01432-00361982-00362425 pick main sites
6PP-C8eyu60-01433-00362426-00362722 the barri gotic Catalan for gothic
6PP-C8eyu60-01434-00362723-00362983 quarter is the center of the old city of
6PP-C8eyu60-01435-00362984-00363217 Barcelona many of the buildings date
6PP-C8eyu60-01436-00363218-00363409 from medieval times some from as far
6PP-C8eyu60-01437-00363410-00363568 back as the Roman settlement of
6PP-C8eyu60-01438-00363569-00363811 Barcelona Catalan modernista
6PP-C8eyu60-01439-00363812-00363994 architecture related to the movement
6PP-C8eyu60-01440-00363995-00364180 known as Art Nouveau in the rest of
6PP-C8eyu60-01441-00364181-00364504 Europe developed between 1885 and 1950
6PP-C8eyu60-01442-00364505-00364660 and left an important legacy in
6PP-C8eyu60-01443-00364661-00364942 Barcelona several of these buildings are
6PP-C8eyu60-01444-00364943-00365173 world heritage sites especially
6PP-C8eyu60-01445-00365174-00365356 remarkable as the work of architect
6PP-C8eyu60-01446-00365357-00365440 Antoni gaudí
6PP-C8eyu60-01447-00365441-00365593 which can be seen throughout the city
6PP-C8eyu60-01448-00365594-00365878 his best-known work is the immense but
6PP-C8eyu60-01449-00365879-00366052 still unfinished Church of the Sagrada
6PP-C8eyu60-01450-00366053-00366196 família which has been under
6PP-C8eyu60-01451-00366197-00366454 construction since 1882 and is still
6PP-C8eyu60-01452-00366455-00366795 financed by private donations as of 2015
6PP-C8eyu60-01453-00366796-00367132 completion is planned for 2026 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01454-00367133-00367336 was also home to Mies van der Rohe zhh
6PP-C8eyu60-01455-00367337-00367723 Barcelona pavilion designed in 1929 for
6PP-C8eyu60-01456-00367724-00367930 the International Exposition for Germany
6PP-C8eyu60-01457-00367931-00368131 it was an iconic building that came to
6PP-C8eyu60-01458-00368132-00368302 symbolize modern architecture as the
6PP-C8eyu60-01459-00368303-00368512 embodiment of van der Rohe zafar isms
6PP-C8eyu60-01460-00368513-00368911 less is more and God is in the details
6PP-C8eyu60-01461-00368912-00369178 the Barcelona pavilion was intended as a
6PP-C8eyu60-01462-00369179-00369391 temporary structure and was torn down in
6PP-C8eyu60-01463-00369392-00369610 1930 less than a year after it was
6PP-C8eyu60-01464-00369611-00369883 constructed a modern recreation by
6PP-C8eyu60-01465-00369884-00370075 Spanish architects now stands in
6PP-C8eyu60-01466-00370076-00370150 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01467-00370151-00370567 however constructed in 1986 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01468-00370568-00370858 won the 1999 RIBA Royal gold medal for
6PP-C8eyu60-01469-00370859-00371047 its architecture the first and as of
6PP-C8eyu60-01470-00371048-00371281 2015 only time that the winner has been
6PP-C8eyu60-01471-00371282-00371449 a city rather than an individual
6PP-C8eyu60-01472-00371450-00371851 architect
6PP-C8eyu60-01473-00371852-00372341 topic World Heritage Sites
6PP-C8eyu60-01474-00372342-00372594 Barcelona is the home of many points of
6PP-C8eyu60-01475-00372595-00372786 interest declared World Heritage Sites
6PP-C8eyu60-01476-00372787-00373192 by UNESCO
6PP-C8eyu60-01477-00373193-00373791 topic historic buildings and monuments
6PP-C8eyu60-01478-00373792-00374070 minor basilica of sagrada família the
6PP-C8eyu60-01479-00374071-00374384 symbol of barcelona palau de la música
6PP-C8eyu60-01480-00374385-00374625 catalana and hospital dis on pal
6PP-C8eyu60-01481-00374626-00374828 designed by lluís domènech i montaner
6PP-C8eyu60-01482-00374829-00375098 included in the UNESCO heritage list in
6PP-C8eyu60-01483-00375099-00375498 1997 works by Antoni gaudí including
6PP-C8eyu60-01484-00375499-00375762 park guell palau guell casa milà la
6PP-C8eyu60-01485-00375763-00376020 pedrera casa Vicens sagrada familia
6PP-C8eyu60-01486-00376021-00376278 nativity facade encrypt casa batllo
6PP-C8eyu60-01487-00376279-00376548 crypt in church of colonia guell the
6PP-C8eyu60-01488-00376549-00376733 first three works were inscribed as a
6PP-C8eyu60-01489-00376734-00377070 world heritage site in 1984 the other
6PP-C8eyu60-01490-00377071-00377265 four were added as extensions to the
6PP-C8eyu60-01491-00377266-00377595 site in 2005 the Cathedral of the Holy
6PP-C8eyu60-01492-00377596-00377937 Cross in st. Eulalia gothic gothic
6PP-C8eyu60-01493-00377938-00378303 basilica of santa maria del mar gothic
6PP-C8eyu60-01494-00378304-00378556 basilica of santa maria del pi
6PP-C8eyu60-01495-00378557-00378859 Romanesque church of son Pao delcamp
6PP-C8eyu60-01496-00378860-00379160 palau ray all major medieval residents
6PP-C8eyu60-01497-00379161-00379331 of the sovereign counts of barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01498-00379332-00379674 later kings of aragon the royal shipyard
6PP-C8eyu60-01499-00379675-00380115 gothic monastery of pedralbes gothic the
6PP-C8eyu60-01500-00380116-00380453 columbus monument the arc de triumphe a
6PP-C8eyu60-01501-00380454-00380643 triumphal arch built for entrance to
6PP-C8eyu60-01502-00380644-00380972 1888 barcelona Universal Exposition
6PP-C8eyu60-01503-00380973-00381233 expiatory Church of the Sacred Heart of
6PP-C8eyu60-01504-00381234-00381697 Jesus on the summit of tibidabo
6PP-C8eyu60-01505-00381698-00382199 topic museums
6PP-C8eyu60-01506-00382200-00382470 Barcelona has a great number of museums
6PP-C8eyu60-01507-00382471-00382761 which cover different areas in eras the
6PP-C8eyu60-01508-00382762-00382971 national museum of art of catalonia
6PP-C8eyu60-01509-00382972-00383151 possesses a well known collection of
6PP-C8eyu60-01510-00383152-00383325 Romanesque art while the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01511-00383326-00383567 Museum of Contemporary Art focuses on
6PP-C8eyu60-01512-00383568-00383940 post-1945 Catalan and Spanish art the
6PP-C8eyu60-01513-00383941-00384216 fundació joan miró Picasso Museum and
6PP-C8eyu60-01514-00384217-00384450 fundació Antony tapie's hold important
6PP-C8eyu60-01515-00384451-00384594 collections of these world-renowned
6PP-C8eyu60-01516-00384595-00384816 artists as well as the can frame esteem
6PP-C8eyu60-01517-00384817-00385122 focused on post-1960 Catalan art owned
6PP-C8eyu60-01518-00385123-00385467 by fundació vila Casas several museums
6PP-C8eyu60-01519-00385468-00385641 cover the fields of history and
6PP-C8eyu60-01520-00385642-00385833 archaeology like the Barcelona City
6PP-C8eyu60-01521-00385834-00386145 History Museum muh ba the Museum of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01522-00386146-00386379 history of Catalonia the archaeology
6PP-C8eyu60-01523-00386380-00386589 Museum of Catalonia the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01524-00386590-00386799 Maritime Museum and the privately owned
6PP-C8eyu60-01525-00386800-00387081 Egyptian Museum the erotic Museum of
6PP-C8eyu60-01526-00387082-00387279 Barcelona is among the most peculiar
6PP-C8eyu60-01527-00387280-00387498 once while cosmo Taisha is a science
6PP-C8eyu60-01528-00387499-00387711 museum that received the european Museum
6PP-C8eyu60-01529-00387712-00388071 of the Year award in 2006 the FC
6PP-C8eyu60-01530-00388072-00388257 Barcelona museum has been the most
6PP-C8eyu60-01531-00388258-00388446 visited Museum in the city of Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01532-00388447-00389199 with 1 million 500 6022 visitors in 2013
6PP-C8eyu60-01533-00389200-00389686 topic parks
6PP-C8eyu60-01534-00389687-00390026 Barcelona contains 60 municipal parks 12
6PP-C8eyu60-01535-00390027-00390209 of which are historic five of which are
6PP-C8eyu60-01536-00390210-00390485 thematic botanical 45 of which are urban
6PP-C8eyu60-01537-00390486-00390749 and six of which are forest they range
6PP-C8eyu60-01538-00390750-00390920 from vest pocket parks to large
6PP-C8eyu60-01539-00390921-00391190 recreation areas the urban parks alone
6PP-C8eyu60-01540-00391191-00391544 covered 10% of the city 549 point 7
6PP-C8eyu60-01541-00391545-00392021 hectares or 1,350 8.3 acres the total
6PP-C8eyu60-01542-00392022-00392297 park surface grows about 10 hectares 25
6PP-C8eyu60-01543-00392298-00392597 acres per year with a proportion of 18.1
6PP-C8eyu60-01544-00392598-00392918 square metres 195 square feet of park
6PP-C8eyu60-01545-00392919-00393164 area per inhabitant of Barcelona's parks
6PP-C8eyu60-01546-00393165-00393410 Manju ich is the largest with 200 3
6PP-C8eyu60-01547-00393411-00393599 hectares located on the mountain of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01548-00393600-00393866 same name it is followed by parc de la
6PP-C8eyu60-01549-00393867-00394079 ciutadella which occupies the site of
6PP-C8eyu60-01550-00394080-00394283 the old military citadel in which houses
6PP-C8eyu60-01551-00394284-00394478 the Parliament building the Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01552-00394479-00394781 Zoo and several museums 31 hectares are
6PP-C8eyu60-01553-00394782-00394982 seventy six point six acres including
6PP-C8eyu60-01554-00394983-00395258 the zoo the guinardó park 19 hectares
6PP-C8eyu60-01555-00395259-00395588 are 47.0 acres park guell designed by
6PP-C8eyu60-01556-00395589-00395984 Antoni gaudí 17.2 hectares are 40 2.5
6PP-C8eyu60-01557-00395985-00396329 acres or Eneida Castle Park also 17.2
6PP-C8eyu60-01558-00396330-00396569 hectares are 40 2.5 acres
6PP-C8eyu60-01559-00396570-00396980 diagonal Mar Park 13.3 hectares or 32.9
6PP-C8eyu60-01560-00396981-00397295 acres inaugurated in 2002 no bear is
6PP-C8eyu60-01561-00397296-00397697 Central Park 13.2 hectares or 32.6 acres
6PP-C8eyu60-01562-00397698-00397937 can Drago Sports Park and poble nou park
6PP-C8eyu60-01563-00397938-00398321 both 11.9 hectares are 29.4 acres the
6PP-C8eyu60-01564-00398322-00398708 labyrinth park 9.10 hectares are 20 2.5
6PP-C8eyu60-01565-00398709-00398753 acres
6PP-C8eyu60-01566-00398754-00398950 named after the garden maze it contains
6PP-C8eyu60-01567-00398951-00399257 there are also several smaller parks for
6PP-C8eyu60-01568-00399258-00399458 example the Parc de les I gives 2
6PP-C8eyu60-01569-00399459-00399797 hectares are 4.9 acres a part of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01570-00399798-00400010 cultural of Park is also within the city
6PP-C8eyu60-01571-00400011-00400307 limits port aventura world one of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01572-00400308-00400487 largest resort in europe with five
6PP-C8eyu60-01573-00400488-00400649 million eight hundred thirty-seven
6PP-C8eyu60-01574-00400650-00400868 thousand five hundred nine visitors per
6PP-C8eyu60-01575-00400869-00401057 year is located one hour's drive from
6PP-C8eyu60-01576-00401058-00401369 barcelona also within the city lies
6PP-C8eyu60-01577-00401370-00401585 tibidabo amusement park a smaller
6PP-C8eyu60-01578-00401586-00401801 amusement park in Plaza del tibidabo
6PP-C8eyu60-01579-00401802-00402297 with the Montaigne ruse amusement ride
6PP-C8eyu60-01580-00402298-00402790 topic beaches
6PP-C8eyu60-01581-00402791-00403054 Barcelona Beach was listed as number one
6PP-C8eyu60-01582-00403055-00403282 in a list of the top 10 city beaches in
6PP-C8eyu60-01583-00403283-00403426 the world according to National
6PP-C8eyu60-01584-00403427-00403647 Geographic and Discovery Channel
6PP-C8eyu60-01585-00403648-00403946 Barcelona contains 7 beaches totaling
6PP-C8eyu60-01586-00403947-00404304 4.5 kilometers 2.8 miles of coastline
6PP-C8eyu60-01587-00404305-00404623 San Sebastian Barceloneta and some more
6PP-C8eyu60-01588-00404624-00405073 Ostrow beaches both 1,100 meters 3600 10
6PP-C8eyu60-01589-00405074-00405290 feet in length are the largest oldest
6PP-C8eyu60-01590-00405291-00405448 and the most frequented beaches in
6PP-C8eyu60-01591-00405449-00405770 Barcelona the Olympic harbour separates
6PP-C8eyu60-01592-00405771-00405971 them from the other city beaches Nova
6PP-C8eyu60-01593-00405972-00406273 ikaria bogatell Marbella Nova Marbella
6PP-C8eyu60-01594-00406274-00406541 and Levant these beaches ranging from
6PP-C8eyu60-01595-00406542-00406813 400 to 640 meters
6PP-C8eyu60-01596-00406814-00407147 1310 to 2100 feet were opened as a
6PP-C8eyu60-01597-00407148-00407350 result of the city restructuring to host
6PP-C8eyu60-01598-00407351-00407615 the 1992 Summer Olympics when a great
6PP-C8eyu60-01599-00407616-00407779 number of industrial buildings were
6PP-C8eyu60-01600-00407780-00408062 demolished at present the beach sand is
6PP-C8eyu60-01601-00408063-00408232 artificially replenished given that
6PP-C8eyu60-01602-00408233-00408454 storms regularly remove large quantities
6PP-C8eyu60-01603-00408455-00408821 of material the 2004 Universal Forum of
6PP-C8eyu60-01604-00408822-00409022 cultures left the city a large concrete
6PP-C8eyu60-01605-00409023-00409231 bathing Zone on the East most part of
6PP-C8eyu60-01606-00409232-00409474 the city's coastline most recently
6PP-C8eyu60-01607-00409475-00409660 leavened is the first Beach to allow
6PP-C8eyu60-01608-00409661-00410200 dogs access during summer season
6PP-C8eyu60-01609-00410201-00410720 topic other sites
6PP-C8eyu60-01610-00410721-00411307 topic international relations
6PP-C8eyu60-01611-00411308-00411933 topic twin towns and sister cities
6PP-C8eyu60-01612-00411934-00412162 Barcelona is twinned with the following
6PP-C8eyu60-01613-00412163-00412668 cities sadface in chronological order
6PP-C8eyu60-01614-00412670-00412960 topic other partnerships and
6PP-C8eyu60-01615-00412960-00413371 cooperations
6PP-C8eyu60-01616-00413372-00413629 other forms of cooperation and city
6PP-C8eyu60-01617-00413630-00413803 friendship similar to the twin city
6PP-C8eyu60-01618-00413804-00414424 programs exist too many cities worldwide
6PP-C8eyu60-01619-00414425-00414962 topic notable people
6PP-C8eyu60-01620-00414963-00415418 Oh ligurius 1062 1137 Bishop Archbishop
6PP-C8eyu60-01621-00415418-00415808 and st. John the cannon early 1300s -
6PP-C8eyu60-01622-00415809-00416045 one Augustinian cannon theologian and
6PP-C8eyu60-01623-00416046-00416472 philosopher johanna of aragon 1454 to
6PP-C8eyu60-01624-00416474-00416903 1517 queen of Naples Francisco Fernandez
6PP-C8eyu60-01625-00416904-00417133 de la cueva eighth Duke of Albuquerque
6PP-C8eyu60-01626-00417134-00417575 1619 to 1676 military officer Viceroy of
6PP-C8eyu60-01627-00417576-00417820 New Spain and Viceroy of Sicily
6PP-C8eyu60-01628-00417821-00418271 Estanislao Figueras 1819 to 1882 lawyer
6PP-C8eyu60-01629-00418272-00418481 and politician first president of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01630-00418482-00418654 first Spanish Republic
6PP-C8eyu60-01631-00418655-00419099 Francesc PI 1824 to 1901 president of
6PP-C8eyu60-01632-00419100-00419439 the first Spanish Republic Roma Ribera
6PP-C8eyu60-01633-00419441-00419933 1848 to 1935 genre painter Francesca
6PP-C8eyu60-01634-00419934-00420287 Bonamassa knife Ariel's 1872 to 1949
6PP-C8eyu60-01635-00420288-00420532 educator established the first library
6PP-C8eyu60-01636-00420533-00420743 exclusively for women in Europe in
6PP-C8eyu60-01637-00420743-00421232 Barcelona in 1909 Joan Perrault 1887 to
6PP-C8eyu60-01638-00421233-00421613 1942 anarchist leader and writer Joan
6PP-C8eyu60-01639-00421614-00421678 miró
6PP-C8eyu60-01640-00421679-00422059 1893 to 1983 painter and sculptor
6PP-C8eyu60-01641-00422060-00422516 ricardo zamora 1901 to 1978 professional
6PP-C8eyu60-01642-00422517-00423016 football player Jose Becker 1916 to 1998
6PP-C8eyu60-01643-00423017-00423197 ophthalmologist and pioneer of
6PP-C8eyu60-01644-00423197-00423343 refractive surgery
6PP-C8eyu60-01645-00423343-00423788 Paco gotiya 1921 to 1990 Formula One
6PP-C8eyu60-01646-00423789-00423922 racing driver
6PP-C8eyu60-01647-00423922-00424352 Antony tapie's 1923 to 2012 painter and
6PP-C8eyu60-01648-00424353-00424722 sculptor jordi pujol born 1930 until
6PP-C8eyu60-01649-00424724-00425084 2003 chairman of the CIU from 1980 to
6PP-C8eyu60-01650-00425085-00425468 2003 government of Catalonia Montserrat
6PP-C8eyu60-01651-00425468-00425839 caballé a born 1933 operatic soprano
6PP-C8eyu60-01652-00425839-00426266 Manuel Vasquez Montauban 1939 to 2013
6PP-C8eyu60-01653-00426267-00426707 writer pasqual maragall born 1941 mayor
6PP-C8eyu60-01654-00426708-00427147 of Barcelona from 1982 to 1997 from 2003
6PP-C8eyu60-01655-00427149-00427520 to 2006 government of Catalonia Teresa
6PP-C8eyu60-01656-00427521-00427860 Duran born 1949 writer and illustrator
6PP-C8eyu60-01657-00427862-00427985 hos
6PP-C8eyu60-01658-00427985-00428333 Antonio Bowen born 1952 jazz musician
6PP-C8eyu60-01659-00428334-00428630 and president of Goucher College art or
6PP-C8eyu60-01660-00428631-00428997 moss born 1956 former Catalan president
6PP-C8eyu60-01661-00428998-00429410 sido pons born 1959 motorcycle racing
6PP-C8eyu60-01662-00429410-00429502 driver
6PP-C8eyu60-01663-00429503-00429870 Isabel big-hearted born 1960 artist
6PP-C8eyu60-01664-00429871-00430277 Manuel Valls born 1962 French politician
6PP-C8eyu60-01665-00430278-00430447 of the Catalan descent of the party
6PP-C8eyu60-01666-00430448-00430750 socialist PS from April 2014 to December
6PP-C8eyu60-01667-00430751-00431132 2016 French Prime Minister Pedro de la
6PP-C8eyu60-01668-00431133-00431462 Rosa born 1971 an automobile racing
6PP-C8eyu60-01669-00431463-00431906 driver Arantxa sánchez Vicario born 1971
6PP-C8eyu60-01670-00431907-00432326 tennis player set Jai Burnout born 1972
6PP-C8eyu60-01671-00432327-00432670 motorcycle racing driver Carlos Checa
6PP-C8eyu60-01672-00432671-00433127 born 1972 motorcycle racing driver Pal
6PP-C8eyu60-01673-00433128-00433391 Gasol born 1980 professional basketball
6PP-C8eyu60-01674-00433392-00433489 player
6PP-C8eyu60-01675-00433489-00433866 Joan Pedro la born 1980 male model
6PP-C8eyu60-01676-00433867-00434231 Gerard piqué born 1987 professional
6PP-C8eyu60-01677-00434232-00434612 football player Alvaro Soler born 1991
6PP-C8eyu60-01678-00434613-00434980 singer
6PP-C8eyu60-01679-00434981-00435559 topic see also
6PP-C8eyu60-01680-00435560-00435872 Barcelona portal Spain Catalan speaking
6PP-C8eyu60-01681-00435872-00436220 countries European Union architecture of
6PP-C8eyu60-01682-00436221-00436572 Barcelona list of markets in Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01683-00436574-00436891 list of tallest buildings in Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01684-00436892-00437135 plans for Winter Olympics held in
6PP-C8eyu60-01685-00437135-00437572 Barcelona public art in Barcelona Mobile
6PP-C8eyu60-01686-00437574-00437962 World Congress
6PP-C8eyu60-01687-00437963-00438551 topic notes and references
6PP-C8eyu60-01688-00438552-00439018 topic notes
6PP-C8eyu60-01689-00439019-00439510 topic references
6PP-C8eyu60-01690-00439510-00440027 topic bibliography
6PP-C8eyu60-01691-00440028-00440276 this article incorporates text from a
6PP-C8eyu60-01692-00440277-00440495 publication now in the public domain
6PP-C8eyu60-01693-00440496-00441022 Smith William ed 1854 to 1857 Barcelona
6PP-C8eyu60-01694-00441022-00441296 Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography
6PP-C8eyu60-01695-00441297-00441770 london john murray barcelona gran
6PP-C8eyu60-01696-00441771-00442087 encyclopedia catalana barcelona edy
6PP-C8eyu60-01697-00442088-00442516 encyclopedia catalana SI Busquets joan
6PP-C8eyu60-01698-00442517-00442766 barcelona the urban evolution of the
6PP-C8eyu60-01699-00442767-00443254 compact city harvard up 2006 468 PP
6PP-C8eyu60-01700-00443255-00443717 McDonough GW January 2011 review essay
6PP-C8eyu60-01701-00443718-00444062 barcelona forms images and conflicts
6PP-C8eyu60-01702-00444063-00444509 joan Busquets 2005 journal of urban
6PP-C8eyu60-01703-00444510-00445292 history 37 1 117 to 123 joy 10.11 7700
6PP-C8eyu60-01704-00445293-00445631 nine six one four four two one oh three
6PP-C8eyu60-01705-00445632-00446050 eight four two five Oh marshal Tim ed
6PP-C8eyu60-01706-00446051-00446416 transforming Barcelona route llege 2004
6PP-C8eyu60-01707-00446417-00446918 267 PP Ramon Rosanna Joan Barcelona's
6PP-C8eyu60-01708-00446918-00447167 vocation of modernity rise in decline of
6PP-C8eyu60-01709-00447168-00448018 an urban image Stanford up 2008 272 PP
6PP-C8eyu60-01710-00448018-00448564 topic external links
6PP-C8eyu60-01711-00448564-00448943 official website of Barcelona official
6PP-C8eyu60-01712-00448943-00449177 website of Barcelona in Spain's national
6PP-C8eyu60-01713-00449178-00449462 tourism portal
6QEDGT58ru0-00001-00003647-00004332 [Music]
6QEDGT58ru0-00002-00004333-00004604 [Applause]
6QEDGT58ru0-00003-00004605-00006015 [Music]
6QEDGT58ru0-00004-00006016-00006103 [Applause]
6QEDGT58ru0-00005-00006104-00006479 [Music]
6QEDGT58ru0-00006-00006480-00007120 [Applause]
6QEDGT58ru0-00007-00007122-00008814 [Music]
6QEDGT58ru0-00008-00008815-00009115 thank you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00000-00000000-00000238 it's been three months three months you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00001-00000239-00000407 guys since I quit my job in California
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00002-00000408-00000659 to start adventuring full-time it
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00003-00000660-00000827 honestly feels like yesterday I feel
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00004-00000827-00001031 like when you're traveling time flies by
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00005-00001032-00001223 really fast since then I've traveled in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00006-00001224-00001601 Morocco Portugal Spain England France
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00007-00001602-00001882 right now and very soon Italy if you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00008-00001884-00002002 guys have been following me on Instagram
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00009-00002003-00002225 you know that I've been traveling and
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00010-00002226-00002531 living off of my 40 liters backpack and
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00011-00002532-00002723 so far it's working well and my hope is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00012-00002724-00002915 that it will continue to work for
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00013-00002916-00003065 however long I'm going to be on the road
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00014-00003066-00003335 I want to start first with the packing
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00015-00003336-00003701 cubes I only adopted using packing cubes
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00016-00003702-00003977 before this trip and I decided to go
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00017-00003978-00004253 with a set from all spray so I have this
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00018-00004254-00004606 big one usually for my tops maybe pens
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00019-00004607-00004786 it really depends how much I can fit in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00020-00004787-00005086 here and the second one is where I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00021-00005087-00005404 usually pack underwear tank tops and
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00022-00005405-00005627 socks all together so that that pretty
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00023-00005628-00005759 much fits everything that I have in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00024-00005760-00005945 terms of socks underwear and tank tops
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00025-00005946-00006220 and and the small one don't ask me why
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00026-00006221-00006448 but I'm using it for some electronics
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00027-00006450-00006605 and cables and it's been working really
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00028-00006606-00006845 well when I was trying to choose a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00029-00006845-00007096 packing cubes on Amazon there are a lot
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00030-00007097-00007391 of options different prices the set
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00031-00007392-00007559 right here from Osprey it was a little
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00032-00007559-00007769 bit pricier compared to the average
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00033-00007770-00007955 price on Amazon but it's absolutely
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00034-00007956-00008110 worth it because I heard stories where
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00035-00008111-00008273 some of these packing cubes can rip
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00036-00008274-00008387 because when you are packing you're
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00037-00008388-00008537 trying to shove as much as you can
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00038-00008538-00008813 inside of them and I decided to go with
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00039-00008814-00009005 the brand that I can trust and honestly
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00040-00009006-00009209 I haven't been treating them so well but
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00041-00009210-00009413 they've been really really strong so I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00042-00009414-00009599 highly recommend this one I will leave
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00043-00009600-00009785 links to everything that I'm mentioning
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00044-00009786-00009983 here in the first comments as well as in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00045-00009984-00010156 the description so that if you guys
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00046-00010157-00010331 choose or decide to buy any of these
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00047-00010332-00010631 items you have the link a worldwide
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00048-00010632-00010835 adapter this is pretty important you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00049-00010836-00010978 want to make sure that when you arrive
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00050-00010979-00011141 to a new country you don't have to worry
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00051-00011142-00011303 about whether you have an adapter or not
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00052-00011304-00011488 to charge your electronic so this is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00053-00011489-00011710 universal and it has most of the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00054-00011711-00011896 adapters that you will need all around
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00055-00011897-00012083 the world I was more than a little bit
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00056-00012084-00012274 because this is a little bit heavy but
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00057-00012275-00012431 it's been super helpful so I'm going to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00058-00012432-00012628 link to some of them not exactly this
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00059-00012629-00012749 one because I don't think I'm gonna find
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00060-00012750-00012941 it on Amazon but I will link to similar
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00061-00012941-00013079 ones that I have tried in the past as
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00062-00013080-00013397 well so next what do we have we have a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00063-00013397-00013865 towel this is an ultra light towel that
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00064-00013866-00014158 I usually pack when I'm backpacking in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00065-00014159-00014416 the wilderness it's from the brand pack
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00066-00014418-00014705 towel and I am so happy that I packed it
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00067-00014706-00014921 with me because I was actually wondering
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00068-00014922-00015088 before I left California whether it's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00069-00015090-00015305 it's worth having a towel with me but
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00070-00015306-00015479 now that I'm staying in all type of
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00071-00015480-00015647 places like sometimes Hotel sometimes
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00072-00015647-00015763 hostels
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00073-00015763-00016025 airbnbs usually airbnbs and hotels you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00074-00016026-00016183 will have a towel but in hostels
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00075-00016184-00016403 sometimes you do sometimes you don't
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00076-00016404-00016571 sometimes you have even to pay extra for
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00077-00016572-00016750 a towel so I've been really happy that I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00078-00016751-00016919 have this one with me and it's super
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00079-00016920-00017075 lightweight whether you are going to the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00080-00017076-00017213 beach or just taking a shower it's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00081-00017214-00017569 working really well all right next up
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00082-00017570-00017879 yo do you guys know what this is this is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00083-00017880-00018143 a laundry bag the first time I bought
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00084-00018144-00018286 this was when I was traveling in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00085-00018287-00018479 Tanzania for one month and I knew that
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00086-00018480-00018647 in one month I would probably need to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00087-00018648-00018839 use laundry once or twice at the very
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00088-00018840-00019079 least but now that I'm traveling full
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00089-00019080-00019522 time I do laundry at least once a week
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00090-00019523-00019714 sometimes twice actually between once
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00091-00019715-00019967 and twice a week and so if you have to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00092-00019968-00020158 move your laundry from one room to the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00093-00020159-00020344 other or if you have to walk to a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00094-00020345-00020543 laundromat because now that I'm staying
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00095-00020544-00020741 in hostels and sometimes small
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00096-00020742-00020963 apartments not all apartments have a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00097-00020964-00021280 washer and dryer in the unit which I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00098-00021281-00021593 hate and on I feel like now I'm
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00099-00021594-00021743 appreciating what it means to have a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00100-00021744-00021953 washer and dryer in units it's just so
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00101-00021954-00022313 convenient but when I don't I just shove
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00102-00022314-00022589 everything in here pack it throw it on
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00103-00022590-00022853 my bag and make my way to the laundromat
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00104-00022854-00023117 and next favorite item and this is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00105-00023118-00023386 actually something new that I acquired
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00106-00023387-00023699 mid Adventure when I met Alex when he
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00107-00023700-00024017 flew to Lisbon to meet me I asked him to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00108-00024018-00024161 bring this one I ordered it on Amazon
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00109-00024162-00024472 and what this is is basically a bar soap
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00110-00024473-00024689 case so when I started my adventure I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00111-00024690-00024964 was debating whether bar soap or liquid
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00112-00024965-00025133 soap and I ended up going with liquid
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00113-00025134-00025355 soap at first and I found this soap
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00114-00025356-00025618 that's pretty much 18 in one so you can
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00115-00025619-00025937 use it to wash your body your hair
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00116-00025938-00026285 dishes the floor laundry yeah seriously
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00117-00026286-00026495 and I was really happy to have that on
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00118-00026495-00026723 me a multi-purpose silk type of thing
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00119-00026724-00027058 but then it ended up exploding over all
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00120-00027060-00027245 of my gear in my backpack and I was not
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00121-00027245-00027461 very happy with that I mean it smelled
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00122-00027462-00027683 like lavender but still everything was
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00123-00027683-00027958 just like blah so yucky so at that point
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00124-00027960-00028157 I decided you know what bar soap is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00125-00028158-00028277 going to be the way to go and that's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00126-00028277-00028474 what I've been using so far but with bar
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00127-00028475-00028595 soap you want to make sure you have a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00128-00028595-00028799 little container
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00129-00028800-00029057 for your bar soap so I bought this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00130-00029058-00029381 from Matador and it's been working
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00131-00029382-00029543 really well especially after you take a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00132-00029544-00029693 shower the soap is still a little bit
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00133-00029694-00029962 wet I honestly just throw it in
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00134-00029963-00030190 close it
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00135-00030191-00030568 cure it and it's as dry as it should be
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00136-00030569-00030743 all right what else do we have here
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00137-00030744-00030970 portable charger so if you guys have
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00138-00030972-00031114 been following me for a while now I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00139-00031116-00031390 talked like a million times about this
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00140-00031391-00031624 portable charger from anchor it's 20 000
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00141-00031625-00031829 milliampers which is so strong and it's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00142-00031830-00032111 got two USB slots for you to charge your
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00143-00032112-00032435 electronics now when I was about to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00144-00032436-00032711 leave California Alex kindly gifted me
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00145-00032712-00032962 another portable charger at first I was
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00146-00032963-00033065 a little bit worried because this is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00147-00033066-00033251 extra weight that I probably don't need
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00148-00033252-00033593 but I've been so happy that I have the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00149-00033594-00033790 two of them so this one solves some
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00150-00033791-00033971 problems that this one doesn't the first
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00151-00033972-00034240 one is that I can actually charge it I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00152-00034241-00034385 can charge the portable charger why
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00153-00034386-00034637 charging my other electronics which I'm
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00154-00034638-00034751 not sure if it works with this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00155-00034752-00035039 honestly I'm doubtful but
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00156-00035040-00035417 um it has two USB slots and then USBC to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00157-00035418-00035633 charge my computer which I wasn't able
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00158-00035634-00035837 to do with the anchor charger so I can
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00159-00035838-00036040 use this one to charge my computer let's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00160-00036041-00036293 say I'm in a long bus ride eight hours
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00161-00036294-00036515 and one charge is not going to be enough
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00162-00036516-00036712 on my computer I can use this one as a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00163-00036713-00036995 backup and it also has a wireless
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00164-00036996-00037211 surface right here where on top of
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00165-00037212-00037373 charge and all of my other electronics
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00166-00037374-00037607 like three electronics at a time I can
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00167-00037608-00037846 charge my phone wirelessly which is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00168-00037847-00038111 amazing so this is from Omni charge this
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00169-00038112-00038327 is from anchor both of them are so
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00170-00038328-00038573 incredible the tool together are really
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00171-00038574-00038830 making all of my editing and working on
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00172-00038831-00039107 the road a lot easier and
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00173-00039108-00039371 two more things you guys almost there I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00174-00039372-00039568 don't even know why I packed this one at
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00175-00039569-00039712 first but I'm really happy that I have
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00176-00039713-00040073 it this is a sock from sea to Summit
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00177-00040074-00040361 eight liters I usually take this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00178-00040362-00040618 with me when we go kayaking or if I want
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00179-00040619-00040912 to add a layer of waterproof something
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00180-00040913-00041243 to protect my gear or maybe my snacks
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00181-00041244-00041423 sometimes it's not really waterproof but
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00182-00041424-00041717 it just adds a protective layer but now
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00183-00041718-00041902 that I have it I've been really using it
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00184-00041903-00042089 for so many things so sometimes if I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00185-00042090-00042359 have dirty laundry in my bag and I don't
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00186-00042360-00042479 want it to mix with everything else
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00187-00042480-00042730 that's clean I would separate it in this
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00188-00042731-00042923 sock or let's say I'm going on a hike
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00189-00042924-00043079 and I have a bunch of snacks I don't
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00190-00043080-00043229 want to just throw them in my backpack I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00191-00043230-00043571 use the sacks for all of my snacks uh
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00192-00043572-00043721 what else sometimes if I have some
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00193-00043722-00043877 batteries or electronics and I'm going
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00194-00043878-00044146 on a kayaking trip or something like
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00195-00044147-00044296 that and I want to give them that extra
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00196-00044297-00044495 layer of protection I would use this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00197-00044496-00044662 as well so really I mean it's
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00198-00044663-00044855 lightweight it's it's neat that I have
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00199-00044856-00044974 it it's always good to have
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00200-00044975-00045311 multi-purpose things uh on you yeah so
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00201-00045312-00045568 that's eight liters from sea to Summit
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00202-00045569-00045887 and another favorite from sea to Summit
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00203-00045888-00046037 I also talked about this one a million
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00204-00046038-00046295 times this is the ultrasil they pack 20
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00205-00046296-00046601 liters yes this little monster is an
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00206-00046602-00046787 actual day back
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00207-00046788-00047135 and I am very happy that I have it so
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00208-00047136-00047423 when it unfolds
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00209-00047424-00047602 it is
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00210-00047603-00047999 and they back I use it almost every day
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00211-00048000-00048274 so with my big backpack let's say I get
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00212-00048275-00048521 to my destination I want to go on a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00213-00048522-00048737 short stroll or I'm gonna go for a hike
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00214-00048738-00048935 and I don't want to carry my heavy
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00215-00048936-00049139 backpack it's better to go for this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00216-00049140-00049307 just throw in some water maybe some
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00217-00049308-00049685 snacks or towel whatever and sometimes
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00218-00049686-00049835 when you are traveling full-time at
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00219-00049836-00050057 least that was my case you do acquire
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00220-00050058-00050243 things on the road things that you need
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00221-00050244-00050458 or maybe just things that you want to
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00222-00050459-00050818 have as a luxury and I felt like if I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00223-00050819-00051083 need some extra space this will be the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00224-00051084-00051388 extra space that I have a worst scenario
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00225-00051389-00051646 actually happened to me is that
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00226-00051647-00051935 um I was told or I was asked to check my
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00227-00051936-00052114 heavy backpack in because there was no
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00228-00052115-00052373 space in the aircraft and I hated I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00229-00052374-00052582 hated that so I had to check that bag
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00230-00052583-00052804 and because I have some valuables that I
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00231-00052805-00052919 just don't want to leave in a check
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00232-00052920-00053261 backpack like my computer like my camera
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00233-00053262-00053597 my other camera so I use this one
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00234-00053598-00053849 really just for my laptop for my cameras
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00235-00053850-00054059 for my electronics valuables to have
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00236-00054060-00054419 them on me while flying and that was the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00237-00054420-00054550 one moment where I was super super
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00238-00054551-00054766 thankful that I have this one I have a
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00239-00054767-00054916 full review about it I will leave the
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00240-00054917-00055109 link up here if you guys want to go and
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00241-00055110-00055282 check it out but yeah these are my
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00242-00055283-00055415 favorites I'm going to leave the links
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00243-00055416-00055576 in the first comments and I will see you
6W_tRQsSRoQ-00244-00055577-00056114 guys tomorrow on the next Vlog bye
6XTKQbHAEHA-00000-00000043-00000265 okay we're starting to get towards the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00001-00000266-00000518 end of the content for the course now as
6XTKQbHAEHA-00002-00000519-00000623 we're going to start moving from
6XTKQbHAEHA-00003-00000624-00000883 transitioning towards the team activity
6XTKQbHAEHA-00004-00000884-00001190 the last stage or phase of the ADI
6XTKQbHAEHA-00005-00001191-00001358 paradigm that we're going to look at is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00006-00001359-00001667 evaluation and as you note in the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00007-00001668-00001885 syllabus there isn't a specific practice
6XTKQbHAEHA-00008-00001886-00002222 activity for the evaluation item we'll
6XTKQbHAEHA-00009-00002223-00002384 work on that as a part of the team
6XTKQbHAEHA-00010-00002385-00002617 activity as such there won't be
6XTKQbHAEHA-00011-00002618-00002875 individual episodes for the three
6XTKQbHAEHA-00012-00002876-00003050 components that you have we'll talk a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00013-00003051-00003197 little bit about them and in this
6XTKQbHAEHA-00014-00003198-00003517 general overview the purpose of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00015-00003518-00003745 evaluation is to essentially assess the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00016-00003746-00003922 quality of the instructional products
6XTKQbHAEHA-00017-00003923-00004292 and processes both before and after the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00018-00004293-00004604 actual implementation the three
6XTKQbHAEHA-00019-00004605-00004772 procedures that would normally go into
6XTKQbHAEHA-00020-00004773-00005009 the evaluate phase would be to determine
6XTKQbHAEHA-00021-00005010-00005240 the evaluation criteria to select
6XTKQbHAEHA-00022-00005241-00005431 appropriate tools and then to actually
6XTKQbHAEHA-00023-00005432-00005722 conduct the evaluations the deliverable
6XTKQbHAEHA-00024-00005723-00005920 that you would have from this particular
6XTKQbHAEHA-00025-00005921-00006379 phase would be an evaluation plan one of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00026-00006380-00006634 the things to remember about the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00027-00006636-00006923 evaluation phase and for that matter the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00028-00006923-00007210 entire entire Addie paradigm and this is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00029-00007211-00007384 true of just about any instructional
6XTKQbHAEHA-00030-00007386-00007642 design model that is based upon the I
6XTKQbHAEHA-00031-00007643-00007916 depend on is that it isn't a sequential
6XTKQbHAEHA-00032-00007917-00008159 or a lockstep fashion this is something
6XTKQbHAEHA-00033-00008159-00008435 that is happening throughout the process
6XTKQbHAEHA-00034-00008436-00008660 so it's not like you do all of the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00035-00008661-00008878 analysis and then you move to the design
6XTKQbHAEHA-00036-00008879-00009098 these things will overlap a great deal
6XTKQbHAEHA-00037-00009099-00009305 and this is particularly true of the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00038-00009306-00009764 evaluation phase so before you get to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00039-00009765-00009896 this stage you should have either
6XTKQbHAEHA-00040-00009897-00010156 already completed or keeping in mind
6XTKQbHAEHA-00041-00010157-00010306 that a lot of these things are going to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00042-00010307-00010606 be happening at the same time have these
6XTKQbHAEHA-00043-00010607-00010766 items in progress and that would
6XTKQbHAEHA-00044-00010767-00010939 specifically be the analysis summary
6XTKQbHAEHA-00045-00010940-00011167 which is the deliverable from the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00046-00011168-00011462 analysis phase the design brief which is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00047-00011463-00011633 the deliverable from the design phase
6XTKQbHAEHA-00048-00011634-00011860 the instructional materials which is the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00049-00011861-00012023 deliverable from the development phase
6XTKQbHAEHA-00050-00012024-00012191 and then the implementation strategy
6XTKQbHAEHA-00051-00012192-00012481 which obviously is the deliverable from
6XTKQbHAEHA-00052-00012482-00012698 the implementation phase so again
6XTKQbHAEHA-00053-00012699-00012919 completed or in progress and I stress
6XTKQbHAEHA-00054-00012920-00013199 that in progress aspect because again
6XTKQbHAEHA-00055-00013200-00013282 this is not
6XTKQbHAEHA-00056-00013283-00013819 a lockstep system so looking at the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00057-00013819-00014155 evaluation as sort of to introduce
6XTKQbHAEHA-00058-00014156-00014518 evaluation as a topic in all honesty if
6XTKQbHAEHA-00059-00014519-00014704 you consider some of the things that you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00060-00014705-00014950 did in the analysis phase particularly
6XTKQbHAEHA-00061-00014951-00015118 if you look at the needs analysis that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00062-00015119-00015363 you conducted that is a form of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00063-00015363-00015622 evaluation it's a type of evaluation it
6XTKQbHAEHA-00064-00015622-00015856 falls into the analysis phase but the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00065-00015857-00016102 types of activities that you undertook
6XTKQbHAEHA-00066-00016103-00016363 during that stage would be similar to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00067-00016363-00016528 the types of things you're doing here
6XTKQbHAEHA-00068-00016529-00016744 now and it's going to permeate the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00069-00016745-00017017 entire process it's also going to be the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00070-00017018-00017275 last thing that you do throughout the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00071-00017276-00017641 adding paradigm there are a number of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00072-00017642-00017844 different ways in which you can look at
6XTKQbHAEHA-00073-00017845-00018091 evaluation as an overview for those of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00074-00018092-00018301 you that are continuing on in the IT
6XTKQbHAEHA-00075-00018302-00018577 program when you get to the evaluation
6XTKQbHAEHA-00076-00018578-00018712 course you'll look at a number of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00077-00018713-00018871 different models and I believe the one
6XTKQbHAEHA-00078-00018872-00019009 that you'll focus on the most is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00079-00019010-00019189 Kirkpatrick the one I want to talk a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00080-00019190-00019375 little bit about today's Phillips five
6XTKQbHAEHA-00081-00019376-00019606 levels of evaluation and when you do get
6XTKQbHAEHA-00082-00019607-00019753 to the evaluation course you notice
6XTKQbHAEHA-00083-00019754-00019912 there's a great deal of overlap between
6XTKQbHAEHA-00084-00019913-00020125 what Phillips has to say about
6XTKQbHAEHA-00085-00020126-00020319 evaluation and what Kirkpatrick has to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00086-00020320-00020560 say Phillips is a little more recent in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00087-00020561-00020747 terms of the work that he's doing
6XTKQbHAEHA-00088-00020748-00020980 Kirkpatrick is sort of the the seminal
6XTKQbHAEHA-00089-00020981-00021347 earlier work so Phillips is a nice
6XTKQbHAEHA-00090-00021348-00021661 updated version of it let's say looking
6XTKQbHAEHA-00091-00021662-00021907 at Phillips five levels with the five
6XTKQbHAEHA-00092-00021908-00022119 specific levels level one is the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00093-00022120-00022414 reaction in action planning level two is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00094-00022415-00022666 an evaluation of the learning level
6XTKQbHAEHA-00095-00022667-00022872 three is an evaluation of the job
6XTKQbHAEHA-00096-00022873-00023161 application of the training level four
6XTKQbHAEHA-00097-00023162-00023374 is an evaluation of whether or not the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00098-00023375-00023593 training results on the actual business
6XTKQbHAEHA-00099-00023594-00023833 and then level five looks at the return
6XTKQbHAEHA-00100-00023834-00023953 on the investment
6XTKQbHAEHA-00101-00023954-00024175 that the company has put into the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00102-00024176-00024418 training looking at each of these
6XTKQbHAEHA-00103-00024419-00024649 individually the first one the reaction
6XTKQbHAEHA-00104-00024650-00024865 one typically this is one that is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00105-00024866-00025111 administered by the teacher what you're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00106-00025112-00025275 looking at there is to essentially get
6XTKQbHAEHA-00107-00025276-00025594 student perceptions a good example of a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00108-00025595-00025855 reaction style inventory or action style
6XTKQbHAEHA-00109-00025856-00026094 evaluation story is the student
6XTKQbHAEHA-00110-00026095-00026356 evaluations that you complete of your
6XTKQbHAEHA-00111-00026357-00026512 instructors at the end of the semester
6XTKQbHAEHA-00112-00026513-00026674 it'll ask you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00113-00026675-00026911 like did you enjoy the course did you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00114-00026912-00027172 enjoy the instructor did you learn a lot
6XTKQbHAEHA-00115-00027173-00027441 did you you know these types of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00116-00027442-00027844 essentially perception items typically
6XTKQbHAEHA-00117-00027845-00028114 it gets done at the end of the course or
6XTKQbHAEHA-00118-00028114-00028486 at the end of specific units some people
6XTKQbHAEHA-00119-00028487-00028756 will use a reaction style evaluation as
6XTKQbHAEHA-00120-00028757-00028983 sort of a midterm evaluation to take
6XTKQbHAEHA-00121-00028985-00029248 stock as to how the course is going so
6XTKQbHAEHA-00122-00029249-00029581 that they're able to change specific
6XTKQbHAEHA-00123-00029582-00029812 things as they're going along typically
6XTKQbHAEHA-00124-00029813-00030079 this is done in the learning space so in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00125-00030080-00030262 our case it would be done say in the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00126-00030263-00030442 classroom or because this is an online
6XTKQbHAEHA-00127-00030443-00030649 class it'll be done through an online
6XTKQbHAEHA-00128-00030650-00030901 form what you're looking at trying to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00129-00030902-00031072 accomplish here is determined the degree
6XTKQbHAEHA-00130-00031073-00031279 of satisfaction that the learners have
6XTKQbHAEHA-00131-00031280-00031494 with the content and with the teacher
6XTKQbHAEHA-00132-00031495-00031726 some of common methods that you would
6XTKQbHAEHA-00133-00031727-00032104 use surveys questionnaires in more
6XTKQbHAEHA-00134-00032105-00032455 involved cases interviews open-ended
6XTKQbHAEHA-00135-00032456-00032710 questions Likert scales tend to be a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00136-00032711-00032893 common thing and if you think about the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00137-00032894-00033196 student evaluations Likert scale is a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00138-00033197-00033529 good example that one of the things that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00139-00033530-00033703 you want to make sure you distinct
6XTKQbHAEHA-00140-00033704-00033892 distinguish at this level is you're not
6XTKQbHAEHA-00141-00033893-00034075 looking at whether or not the student
6XTKQbHAEHA-00142-00034076-00034261 hasn't learned anything at this that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00143-00034262-00034600 actually comes with level two this one
6XTKQbHAEHA-00144-00034601-00034789 again is administered by the teacher and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00145-00034790-00034930 the purpose for it is to actually
6XTKQbHAEHA-00146-00034931-00035115 measure the knowledge and skill
6XTKQbHAEHA-00147-00035116-00035340 acquisition that results from the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00148-00035341-00035809 training this can be done on a couple of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00149-00035810-00036103 different points you could do a pretest
6XTKQbHAEHA-00150-00036104-00036396 and a post-test to see how students have
6XTKQbHAEHA-00151-00036397-00036577 moved if you think of the k-12
6XTKQbHAEHA-00152-00036578-00036921 environment for example of unit tests or
6XTKQbHAEHA-00153-00036922-00037267 chapter tests if you look at this course
6XTKQbHAEHA-00154-00037268-00037531 the practice activities all of those
6XTKQbHAEHA-00155-00037532-00037752 things are good examples of learner
6XTKQbHAEHA-00156-00037753-00038083 evaluation or level 2 evaluation what
6XTKQbHAEHA-00157-00038084-00038326 you're essentially looking at is ideally
6XTKQbHAEHA-00158-00038327-00038644 you want to try to do this in the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00159-00038645-00038818 performance space and if you think back
6XTKQbHAEHA-00160-00038819-00038992 to the beginning of the course when we
6XTKQbHAEHA-00161-00038993-00039190 were talking about how a really
6XTKQbHAEHA-00162-00039191-00039412 well-designed training the learning
6XTKQbHAEHA-00163-00039413-00039583 space in which the training takes place
6XTKQbHAEHA-00164-00039584-00039799 should have a high degree of fidelity to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00165-00039800-00040011 the performance space
6XTKQbHAEHA-00166-00040012-00040479 so the evaluation of the learning most
6XTKQbHAEHA-00167-00040480-00040640 cases will take place in the learning
6XTKQbHAEHA-00168-00040641-00040875 space but hopefully if your training has
6XTKQbHAEHA-00169-00040876-00041087 been well designed that is going to be
6XTKQbHAEHA-00170-00041088-00041312 very consistent with the performance
6XTKQbHAEHA-00171-00041313-00041565 space that the individuals would have to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00172-00041566-00041778 perform the tasks that they're learning
6XTKQbHAEHA-00173-00041779-00041979 in that training what you're looking to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00174-00041980-00042279 do is determine the students ability to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00175-00042280-00042552 carry what they've learned over on the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00176-00042553-00042711 job particularly if you have a high
6XTKQbHAEHA-00177-00042712-00042876 degree of fidelity with that performance
6XTKQbHAEHA-00178-00042877-00043125 space you can also use it as a way of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00179-00043126-00043275 determine the quality of instructional
6XTKQbHAEHA-00180-00043276-00043626 materials for example if you had a set
6XTKQbHAEHA-00181-00043627-00043836 of training that say had five units and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00182-00043837-00044171 the students did very well on unit 1 2 3
6XTKQbHAEHA-00183-00044172-00044537 & 5 but not so much on unit 4 one of the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00184-00044538-00044696 things that you can take away from that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00185-00044697-00044937 if these were good students and if they
6XTKQbHAEHA-00186-00044938-00045234 did well on everything else there may be
6XTKQbHAEHA-00187-00045235-00045396 something wrong with the instructional
6XTKQbHAEHA-00188-00045397-00045602 materials that you had in unit 4 for
6XTKQbHAEHA-00189-00045603-00045831 example because that was an area where
6XTKQbHAEHA-00190-00045832-00046092 the students performed much less typical
6XTKQbHAEHA-00191-00046093-00046251 ways in which you might see this done
6XTKQbHAEHA-00192-00046252-00046608 examinations the type of assignments
6XTKQbHAEHA-00193-00046609-00046824 we've got in this class role plays
6XTKQbHAEHA-00194-00046825-00047058 observations practice simulations which
6XTKQbHAEHA-00195-00047059-00047256 would be very consistent with the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00196-00047257-00047418 practice activities you've been doing up
6XTKQbHAEHA-00197-00047419-00047868 to this date looking at this you want to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00198-00047869-00048060 remember that this measures learning to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00199-00048061-00048381 a certain degree and my k-12 teachers in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00200-00048382-00048552 here would know this probably better
6XTKQbHAEHA-00201-00048553-00048765 than most for that matter any of you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00202-00048766-00048945 that have kids in the k-12 system would
6XTKQbHAEHA-00203-00048946-00049127 know this if you think about the type of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00204-00049128-00049337 stuff that they get tested say for
6XTKQbHAEHA-00205-00049338-00049637 example on a standardized test one
6XTKQbHAEHA-00206-00049638-00049905 wonders whether that is an adequate or
6XTKQbHAEHA-00207-00049906-00050139 accurate measure of what the students
6XTKQbHAEHA-00208-00050140-00050295 have truly learned from their experience
6XTKQbHAEHA-00209-00050296-00050627 in that course and you can apply the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00210-00050628-00050940 same thing to a training situation while
6XTKQbHAEHA-00211-00050941-00051180 we try to develop assessment that will
6XTKQbHAEHA-00212-00051181-00051432 accurately reflect whether or not the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00213-00051433-00051692 learner has learned what it is that has
6XTKQbHAEHA-00214-00051694-00052046 been done in the training evaluation
6XTKQbHAEHA-00215-00052047-00052205 will always have blind spots
6XTKQbHAEHA-00216-00052207-00052404 particularly when it comes to this level
6XTKQbHAEHA-00217-00052404-00052788 two area looking at the level three in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00218-00052789-00052950 Phillips it's the application level
6XTKQbHAEHA-00219-00052951-00053239 typically this is not done
6XTKQbHAEHA-00220-00053240-00053482 the people involved the directly
6XTKQbHAEHA-00221-00053483-00053647 involved with delivering the training
6XTKQbHAEHA-00222-00053648-00053901 often this is done by a supervisor
6XTKQbHAEHA-00223-00053902-00054151 sometimes by an external evaluator
6XTKQbHAEHA-00224-00054152-00054412 that's been brought in usually with some
6XTKQbHAEHA-00225-00054413-00054673 subject matter expertise what you're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00226-00054674-00054877 looking to measure here is whether or
6XTKQbHAEHA-00227-00054878-00055060 not the learning that occurred during
6XTKQbHAEHA-00228-00055061-00055384 the training has actually transferred to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00229-00055385-00055786 the on-the-job situation so if we're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00230-00055787-00055945 looking at our firefighters as the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00231-00055946-00056154 practice case whether or not the things
6XTKQbHAEHA-00232-00056155-00056428 that you taught them about being airport
6XTKQbHAEHA-00233-00056429-00056641 firefighters or airline firefighters
6XTKQbHAEHA-00234-00056641-00056812 whether or not they are actually doing
6XTKQbHAEHA-00235-00056813-00056989 the things you taught them when they're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00236-00056990-00057196 out dealing with those emergency
6XTKQbHAEHA-00237-00057197-00057654 situations you would want to do this at
6XTKQbHAEHA-00238-00057655-00057904 some point after they finish the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00239-00057904-00058114 training and when they have returned to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00240-00058115-00058369 the job ideally you would want to do it
6XTKQbHAEHA-00241-00058370-00058651 at a couple of places doing it early on
6XTKQbHAEHA-00242-00058652-00058825 when the training is still fresh in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00243-00058826-00059055 their mind is a good idea it's also a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00244-00059057-00059428 good idea to try to repeat this several
6XTKQbHAEHA-00245-00059429-00059761 times to see whether or not that that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00246-00059762-00059932 training fades over time because that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00247-00059933-00060076 will also give you some sense as to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00248-00060077-00060208 whether or not there needs to be a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00249-00060209-00060550 refresher course offered obviously it's
6XTKQbHAEHA-00250-00060551-00060717 going to happen on the job and what
6XTKQbHAEHA-00251-00060719-00060919 you're trying to do is whether determine
6XTKQbHAEHA-00252-00060920-00061177 whether or not the students or the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00253-00061178-00061510 learners are able to perform tasks with
6XTKQbHAEHA-00254-00061511-00061866 actual consequences it's very easy in a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00255-00061867-00062059 simulated situation when you've got a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00256-00062060-00062287 controlled fire at a building for them
6XTKQbHAEHA-00257-00062288-00062569 to actually go in and deal with it when
6XTKQbHAEHA-00258-00062570-00062779 there are lives at stake and then bigger
6XTKQbHAEHA-00259-00062779-00063255 things that they have to worry about can
6XTKQbHAEHA-00260-00063257-00063565 they still do the same things ways in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00261-00063566-00063700 which you might want to look at doing
6XTKQbHAEHA-00262-00063701-00064009 this performance checklist that some
6XTKQbHAEHA-00263-00064010-00064299 sort of supervisor can look at
6XTKQbHAEHA-00264-00064300-00064614 supervisor assessments peer reviews
6XTKQbHAEHA-00265-00064615-00064849 observations by subject matter experts
6XTKQbHAEHA-00266-00064850-00065101 actually having them perform authentic
6XTKQbHAEHA-00267-00065102-00065386 work tasks again what you're looking to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00268-00065387-00065617 do here is measure knowledge and skill
6XTKQbHAEHA-00269-00065618-00065901 application to a specific degree but
6XTKQbHAEHA-00270-00065902-00066163 you're not really going to be able to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00271-00066164-00066388 measure whether or not it makes a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00272-00066389-00066541 difference to the company
6XTKQbHAEHA-00273-00066542-00066823 this level level 3 is looking at the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00274-00066824-00067015 individual learner it's not looking at
6XTKQbHAEHA-00275-00067016-00067387 the organization as a whole the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00276-00067388-00067636 organizational level is level 4 which is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00277-00067637-00068037 the impact level typically this is the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00278-00068038-00068323 organization's own evaluation personnel
6XTKQbHAEHA-00279-00068324-00068524 although depending on their abilities to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00280-00068525-00068760 do this in-house in a lot of cases
6XTKQbHAEHA-00281-00068761-00068989 particularly more and more my
6XTKQbHAEHA-00282-00068990-00069148 understanding is in the business climate
6XTKQbHAEHA-00283-00069149-00069520 a lot of this gets contracted out to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00284-00069521-00069949 specific experts you find a lot a lot
6XTKQbHAEHA-00285-00069950-00070171 fewer companies will have in-house
6XTKQbHAEHA-00286-00070172-00070384 expertise because it's a lot cheaper to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00287-00070385-00070674 just contract out to professionals
6XTKQbHAEHA-00288-00070675-00070885 professional instructional designers and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00289-00070886-00071005 professional evaluators should be able
6XTKQbHAEHA-00290-00071006-00071218 to do this what you're looking at doing
6XTKQbHAEHA-00291-00071219-00071587 here is whether or not the whether or
6XTKQbHAEHA-00292-00071588-00071881 not the training actually had an impact
6XTKQbHAEHA-00293-00071882-00072133 on what the organization wants it to do
6XTKQbHAEHA-00294-00072134-00072268 or as it says on the slide they're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00295-00072269-00072484 measured change in the organizational
6XTKQbHAEHA-00296-00072485-00072766 goals attributable to that professional
6XTKQbHAEHA-00297-00072767-00073132 development or that training you can do
6XTKQbHAEHA-00298-00073133-00073390 this at any point after they have
6XTKQbHAEHA-00299-00073391-00073651 returned to the job and after you have
6XTKQbHAEHA-00300-00073652-00073909 seen evidence that the training has
6XTKQbHAEHA-00301-00073910-00074158 transferred to the job so essentially
6XTKQbHAEHA-00302-00074159-00074359 once you've conducted your level 3
6XTKQbHAEHA-00303-00074360-00074584 evaluation and if your level 3
6XTKQbHAEHA-00304-00074585-00074854 evaluation indicated that the training
6XTKQbHAEHA-00305-00074855-00075154 did transfer over then you can start
6XTKQbHAEHA-00306-00075155-00075304 looking at the impact upon the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00307-00075305-00075736 organization's goals in terms of why
6XTKQbHAEHA-00308-00075737-00076054 you'd want to do this first of all to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00309-00076055-00076264 see if you're moving any closer to those
6XTKQbHAEHA-00310-00076265-00076516 goals that you set but also to start to
6XTKQbHAEHA-00311-00076517-00076789 determine whether or not the allocation
6XTKQbHAEHA-00312-00076790-00076990 that the organization made in terms of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00313-00076991-00077337 resources both human financial time
6XTKQbHAEHA-00314-00077338-00077545 whether or not those were good
6XTKQbHAEHA-00315-00077546-00077758 allocations although that will come a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00316-00077759-00077947 little bit more in depth when you hit
6XTKQbHAEHA-00317-00077948-00078235 level 5 typical ways in which you would
6XTKQbHAEHA-00318-00078236-00078372 do this
6XTKQbHAEHA-00319-00078373-00078736 organizational reports tend to be a good
6XTKQbHAEHA-00320-00078737-00079003 way so having again some within the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00321-00079004-00079282 organization's start looking at multiple
6XTKQbHAEHA-00322-00079283-00079477 reports of those level three evaluations
6XTKQbHAEHA-00323-00079478-00079763 and trying to find some sort of trend
6XTKQbHAEHA-00324-00079764-00080032 that is happening from those multiple
6XTKQbHAEHA-00325-00080033-00080504 evaluations looking at the last level
6XTKQbHAEHA-00326-00080505-00080756 Phillips levels of evaluation level 5
6XTKQbHAEHA-00327-00080757-00081019 the return on investment often in the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00328-00081020-00081400 industry simply card ROI this is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00329-00081401-00081641 generally done by management although in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00330-00081642-00081893 some cases if there is a specific
6XTKQbHAEHA-00331-00081894-00082073 financial division within the
6XTKQbHAEHA-00332-00082074-00082328 organization they may be responsible for
6XTKQbHAEHA-00333-00082329-00082499 it an accounting office or budgeting
6XTKQbHAEHA-00334-00082500-00082667 office what you're essentially looking
6XTKQbHAEHA-00335-00082668-00082966 to do is was this money well spent
6XTKQbHAEHA-00336-00082967-00083281 did the money that it took to train
6XTKQbHAEHA-00337-00083282-00083573 these individuals did that somehow save
6XTKQbHAEHA-00338-00083574-00083788 the company money in other ways did it
6XTKQbHAEHA-00339-00083789-00083950 make the people more efficient that it
6XTKQbHAEHA-00340-00083951-00084113 reduced the number of errors that were
6XTKQbHAEHA-00341-00084114-00084518 causing did it allow them to eliminate
6XTKQbHAEHA-00342-00084519-00084719 positions because people were able to do
6XTKQbHAEHA-00343-00084720-00084801 more with less
6XTKQbHAEHA-00344-00084802-00085013 essentially this is bottom line
6XTKQbHAEHA-00345-00085014-00085453 evaluation when would you do this
6XTKQbHAEHA-00346-00085454-00085667 generally speaking it gets done at
6XTKQbHAEHA-00347-00085668-00085835 regular reporting periods so if you're
6XTKQbHAEHA-00348-00085836-00085996 in an organization that reports
6XTKQbHAEHA-00349-00085997-00086312 quarterly you would do it at that point
6XTKQbHAEHA-00350-00086313-00086561 it tends to be done at an organizational
6XTKQbHAEHA-00351-00086562-00086822 level what you're looking to do here is
6XTKQbHAEHA-00352-00086823-00087075 determine a cost-benefit analysis and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00353-00087076-00087404 quantify whether or not it was money
6XTKQbHAEHA-00354-00087405-00087473 well spent
6XTKQbHAEHA-00355-00087474-00087650 typical ways of looking at is simply
6XTKQbHAEHA-00356-00087651-00087938 doing cost-benefit ratios a mathematical
6XTKQbHAEHA-00357-00087939-00088103 calculation you know your bottom line
6XTKQbHAEHA-00358-00088104-00088475 accounting so as a way of sort of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00359-00088476-00088790 closing off this evaluation episode and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00360-00088791-00089099 for that matter the ADI paradigm keep in
6XTKQbHAEHA-00361-00089100-00089255 mind that evaluation is an ongoing
6XTKQbHAEHA-00362-00089256-00089504 process it's not something that you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00363-00089505-00089780 start at the very end it's something
6XTKQbHAEHA-00364-00089781-00090122 that you do from the very beginning and
6XTKQbHAEHA-00365-00090123-00090548 work your way through it will allow your
6XTKQbHAEHA-00366-00090549-00090757 instructional design team to determine
6XTKQbHAEHA-00367-00090758-00091022 whether and whether or not the product
6XTKQbHAEHA-00368-00091023-00091207 and the process that you've designed
6XTKQbHAEHA-00369-00091208-00091465 throughout the training is a quality one
6XTKQbHAEHA-00370-00091466-00091697 you want to make sure that you use
6XTKQbHAEHA-00371-00091698-00091906 multiple levels of evaluations so if you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00372-00091907-00092117 look at Phillips five levels you don't
6XTKQbHAEHA-00373-00092118-00092344 simply want to do a reaction level or a
6XTKQbHAEHA-00374-00092345-00092516 learning level you want to make sure
6XTKQbHAEHA-00375-00092517-00092696 that you're using multiple levels
6XTKQbHAEHA-00376-00092697-00092804 throughout that and it doesn't
6XTKQbHAEHA-00377-00092805-00093019 necessarily have to be Phillips you
6XTKQbHAEHA-00378-00093020-00093290 use any sort of evaluation paradigm
6XTKQbHAEHA-00379-00093291-00093487 Phillips's and getting just a useful one
6XTKQbHAEHA-00380-00093488-00093791 to use and finally you want to make sure
6XTKQbHAEHA-00381-00093792-00094075 that the tools that you are using are
6XTKQbHAEHA-00382-00094076-00094336 appropriate for the specific level that
6XTKQbHAEHA-00383-00094337-00094588 you are designed that you're evaluating
6XTKQbHAEHA-00384-00094589-00095054 act so that is the evaluation phase of
6XTKQbHAEHA-00385-00095055-00095348 the ADI paradigm and that would conclude
6XTKQbHAEHA-00386-00095349-00095593 this episode
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00000-00000127-00000847 [Music]
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00001-00000848-00001062 happy anniversary captains
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00002-00001063-00001295 today we celebrate a year since the full
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00003-00001296-00001478 release of world of warships
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00004-00001479-00001710 legends let's take a look back at some
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00005-00001711-00002407 of the best moments
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00006-00002408-00002679 over the past year we've seen three new
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00007-00002680-00002799 nations and ten
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00008-00002800-00003007 tech tree branches arrive with nearly
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00009-00003008-00003134 every update
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00010-00003135-00003343 germany received a full line of tough
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00011-00003344-00003527 battleships ending with a famous
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00012-00003528-00003615 bismarck
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00013-00003615-00003822 alongside their large destroyers and
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00014-00003823-00003999 versatile cruisers
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00015-00004000-00004215 france brought their unique quadruple
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00016-00004216-00004447 gun turreted battleships as well as
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00017-00004448-00004735 their high-speed cruisers and destroyers
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00018-00004736-00004927 the russian navy also made its
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00019-00004928-00005086 appearance with battleships
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00020-00005087-00005327 cruisers and destroyers all armed with
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00021-00005328-00005486 high velocity guns
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00022-00005487-00005702 but there was so much more than just new
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00023-00005703-00005806 ships in the past
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00024-00005807-00006040 year
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00025-00006041-00006206 [Music]
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00026-00006207-00006478 last halloween the wicked waves event
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00027-00006479-00006727 cast a shadow over our waters
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00028-00006728-00007031 captains far and wide united to save the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00029-00007031-00007278 transylvania from the dreaded battleship
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00030-00007279-00007495 rasputin and his minions
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00031-00007495-00007710 this event brought three unique
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00032-00007711-00007967 commanders and the nassau into legends
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00033-00007968-00008678 for the first time
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00034-00008679-00008919 afterwards we set our sights over the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00035-00008920-00009110 horizon with black friday
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00036-00009111-00009310 and the new year in the new year's
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00037-00009311-00009439 celebrations
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00038-00009440-00009671 we got hands-on experience with the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00039-00009672-00009846 legendary tier battleship
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00040-00009847-00010103 yamato foreshadowing part of the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00041-00010104-00010335 legendary trio that are now entering the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00042-00010336-00010457 game each day
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00043-00010458-00010727 [Music]
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00044-00010728-00011031 soon after azure lane appeared as world
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00045-00011032-00011183 of warships legends
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00046-00011184-00011431 first collaboration six unique
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00047-00011432-00011542 commanders
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00048-00011543-00011903 otago hippa dunkirk hood nelson and
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00049-00011904-00011999 belfast
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00050-00012000-00012223 brought new abilities and personalities
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00051-00012224-00012319 to the fleet
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00052-00012320-00012535 along with colourful camos for their
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00053-00012536-00013199 namesake ships
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00054-00013200-00013438 things got a bit quacky in april during
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00055-00013440-00013622 the duck of war competition
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00056-00013623-00013855 a high-speed free-for-all battle over
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00057-00013856-00013966 the bathtub
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00058-00013968-00014183 i wonder what will be in store for next
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00059-00014184-00014415 year
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00060-00014416-00014655 most recently we had the return of
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00061-00014656-00014775 legendary tear
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00062-00014776-00015086 and the warhammer 40k collaboration with
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00063-00015087-00015607 plenty more ships and events on the way
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00064-00015608-00015863 of course many other additions came
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00065-00015863-00015958 throughout the past
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00066-00015959-00016183 year and each one is covered in the new
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00067-00016184-00016327 bureau project
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00068-00016328-00016607 legendary birthday this is a relatively
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00069-00016608-00016735 short project
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00070-00016736-00016975 with each segment reviving rare camos
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00071-00016976-00017135 and containers from past
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00072-00017136-00017415 updates that haven't been seen since
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00073-00017416-00017511 check it out
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00074-00017512-00017703 along with the other weekly specials
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00075-00017704-00017928 throughout the anniversary update
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00076-00017929-00018191 [Music]
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00077-00018192-00018391 thanks for an excellent first year
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00078-00018392-00019522 captains keep on sailing and turn the
6Z1RIyy-_pU-00079-00019523-00019823 tide
6bt0YBzEIoA-00000-00000096-00000359 math math
6bt0YBzEIoA-00001-00000360-00000591 some people look cringe just at the word
6bt0YBzEIoA-00002-00000592-00000847 math which i totally understand
6bt0YBzEIoA-00003-00000848-00001054 we don't do a lot of math in this course
6bt0YBzEIoA-00004-00001055-00001183 and i think that's a good
6bt0YBzEIoA-00005-00001184-00001543 decision but math is great math is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00006-00001544-00001630 beautiful
6bt0YBzEIoA-00007-00001632-00001902 so perhaps out of intellectual curiosity
6bt0YBzEIoA-00008-00001903-00002039 more than anything else
6bt0YBzEIoA-00009-00002039-00002287 in this video i'd like to invite you to
6bt0YBzEIoA-00010-00002288-00002495 take a second look at something we did
6bt0YBzEIoA-00011-00002496-00002542 in the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00012-00002543-00002883 lectures for this week which is about
6bt0YBzEIoA-00013-00002884-00004175 trigonometry
6bt0YBzEIoA-00014-00004176-00004479 trigonometry is the study of triangles
6bt0YBzEIoA-00015-00004480-00004711 or more precisely it is about the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00016-00004712-00004822 relationship
6bt0YBzEIoA-00017-00004823-00005086 between the angles and the sides of
6bt0YBzEIoA-00018-00005087-00005191 triangles
6bt0YBzEIoA-00019-00005192-00005415 and in particular we care a lot about
6bt0YBzEIoA-00020-00005416-00005543 right triangles
6bt0YBzEIoA-00021-00005544-00005831 why because if you take any polygon you
6bt0YBzEIoA-00022-00005832-00005911 can cut it up
6bt0YBzEIoA-00023-00005912-00006118 into triangles and if you have any
6bt0YBzEIoA-00024-00006119-00006334 triangles you can cut that up
6bt0YBzEIoA-00025-00006335-00006567 into two right triangles so if you know
6bt0YBzEIoA-00026-00006568-00006775 about right triangles you know about
6bt0YBzEIoA-00027-00006776-00007103 the world
6bt0YBzEIoA-00028-00007104-00007295 but is there a relationship between the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00029-00007295-00007478 angles and the sides
6bt0YBzEIoA-00030-00007479-00007695 well after all this big guy here has
6bt0YBzEIoA-00031-00007695-00007878 pretty much the same angles
6bt0YBzEIoA-00032-00007879-00008151 but it has much longer sides so a long
6bt0YBzEIoA-00033-00008152-00008310 long time ago someone really really
6bt0YBzEIoA-00034-00008311-00008455 smart noticed something
6bt0YBzEIoA-00035-00008456-00008631 say if it goes from the small triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00036-00008632-00008759 to the large triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00037-00008760-00009006 and the bottom side becomes twice as
6bt0YBzEIoA-00038-00009007-00009110 long
6bt0YBzEIoA-00039-00009111-00009319 but how about this side this side also
6bt0YBzEIoA-00040-00009320-00009487 becomes twice as large
6bt0YBzEIoA-00041-00009488-00009710 but what doesn't change is that this is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00042-00009711-00009919 still smaller than that
6bt0YBzEIoA-00043-00009920-00010191 this is smaller than that so what if we
6bt0YBzEIoA-00044-00010192-00010327 look at the ratio
6bt0YBzEIoA-00045-00010328-00010631 of two sides rather than just one side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00046-00010632-00010814 let's make that a little more precise
6bt0YBzEIoA-00047-00010815-00010991 say we have a right triangle here with
6bt0YBzEIoA-00048-00010992-00011087 this side a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00049-00011088-00011423 and that side b so what if we look at
6bt0YBzEIoA-00050-00011424-00011495 the ratio
6bt0YBzEIoA-00051-00011496-00011823 a over b
6bt0YBzEIoA-00052-00011824-00012159 if we fix the same angles and make this
6bt0YBzEIoA-00053-00012160-00012238 right triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00054-00012239-00012551 larger so that this side becomes 2a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00055-00012552-00012927 that side becomes 2b then this ratio
6bt0YBzEIoA-00056-00012928-00013207 of this side over that side will be 2a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00057-00013208-00013311 over 2b
6bt0YBzEIoA-00058-00013312-00013607 oh the 2's cancel out so that is still a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00059-00013608-00013751 over b
6bt0YBzEIoA-00060-00013752-00013927 so we have found a way to relate the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00061-00013928-00014111 angles of a right triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00062-00014112-00014343 to some aspect of the sides namely the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00063-00014344-00014494 ratio of two sides
6bt0YBzEIoA-00064-00014495-00014719 that is not affected by making the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00065-00014719-00014943 triangle bigger or smaller
6bt0YBzEIoA-00066-00014944-00015199 say we have an angle which i call a here
6bt0YBzEIoA-00067-00015200-00015383 then there is a side that is on the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00068-00015384-00015558 opposite end of my angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00069-00015559-00015791 and there's a hypotenuse and there's a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00070-00015791-00016135 side that is adjacent to my angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00071-00016136-00016350 now mathematicians ended up using
6bt0YBzEIoA-00072-00016351-00016575 several functions to relate the angle to
6bt0YBzEIoA-00073-00016576-00016767 the side ratios
6bt0YBzEIoA-00074-00016768-00017047 sine of an angle is defined to be the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00075-00017048-00017158 opposite side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00076-00017159-00017494 divided by the hypotenuse and the cosine
6bt0YBzEIoA-00077-00017495-00017775 of an angle is the adjacent side divided
6bt0YBzEIoA-00078-00017776-00018007 by the hypotenuse
6bt0YBzEIoA-00079-00018008-00018214 a very important special case is when
6bt0YBzEIoA-00080-00018215-00018422 the hypotenuse is 1.
6bt0YBzEIoA-00081-00018423-00018686 this simplifies a couple things because
6bt0YBzEIoA-00082-00018687-00018814 now sine of a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00083-00018815-00019071 is just the opposite side the opposite
6bt0YBzEIoA-00084-00019072-00019127 side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00085-00019128-00019430 equals sine of a for the same reason
6bt0YBzEIoA-00086-00019431-00019847 the adjacent side equals the cosine of a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00087-00019848-00020071 so we have the basic definitions down
6bt0YBzEIoA-00088-00020072-00020335 and the natural next question to ask is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00089-00020336-00020511 can we do better can we do more with
6bt0YBzEIoA-00090-00020512-00020655 this like this
6bt0YBzEIoA-00091-00020656-00020878 triangle for example you see that this
6bt0YBzEIoA-00092-00020879-00021063 angle is rather small
6bt0YBzEIoA-00093-00021064-00021391 and the sine of this angle is this side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00094-00021392-00021671 divided by this side but how small can
6bt0YBzEIoA-00095-00021672-00021767 this angle be
6bt0YBzEIoA-00096-00021768-00022022 it cannot be less than zero right what
6bt0YBzEIoA-00097-00022023-00022222 if you have a negative angle can you
6bt0YBzEIoA-00098-00022223-00022407 take a sine of a negative angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00099-00022408-00022614 and how about this angle the big one
6bt0YBzEIoA-00100-00022615-00022743 here the big one
6bt0YBzEIoA-00101-00022744-00023071 here the sign of this big angle is this
6bt0YBzEIoA-00102-00023072-00023111 side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00103-00023112-00023422 divided by this side but this guy cannot
6bt0YBzEIoA-00104-00023423-00023463 be
6bt0YBzEIoA-00105-00023464-00023655 bigger than a certain amount strictly
6bt0YBzEIoA-00106-00023656-00023799 speaking it cannot be bigger than the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00107-00023800-00023894 right angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00108-00023895-00024071 can you take the sign of an angle that's
6bt0YBzEIoA-00109-00024072-00024214 bigger than 90 degrees
6bt0YBzEIoA-00110-00024215-00024367 we couldn't with just the right
6bt0YBzEIoA-00111-00024368-00024630 triangles so let's set out to expand
6bt0YBzEIoA-00112-00024631-00024863 the definition here's one way to do that
6bt0YBzEIoA-00113-00024864-00025014 by moving to a plane
6bt0YBzEIoA-00114-00025015-00025247 an x y plane if you will there we have a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00115-00025248-00025455 circle with radius 1.
6bt0YBzEIoA-00116-00025456-00025694 pick a point on the circle and draw our
6bt0YBzEIoA-00117-00025695-00025822 favorite object
6bt0YBzEIoA-00118-00025823-00026111 a right triangle and there's a reason we
6bt0YBzEIoA-00119-00026112-00026343 started with a circle of radius 1
6bt0YBzEIoA-00120-00026344-00026599 because like we said a right triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00121-00026600-00026807 with hypotenuse of length 1
6bt0YBzEIoA-00122-00026808-00027055 is really nice the length of this
6bt0YBzEIoA-00123-00027056-00027151 opposite side
6bt0YBzEIoA-00124-00027152-00027455 is just the sine of a and the adjacent
6bt0YBzEIoA-00125-00027456-00027607 side is the cosine of
6bt0YBzEIoA-00126-00027608-00027846 a and so the coordinate of this point on
6bt0YBzEIoA-00127-00027847-00027927 the circle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00128-00027927-00028295 would be cosine of a sine of a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00129-00028295-00028502 so we added an x y plane we added a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00130-00028504-00028646 circle but seriously
6bt0YBzEIoA-00131-00028647-00028895 nothing's new so far except when you
6bt0YBzEIoA-00132-00028895-00028999 realize
6bt0YBzEIoA-00133-00029000-00029174 do we still need that right triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00134-00029175-00029367 there sorry my dear
6bt0YBzEIoA-00135-00029368-00029567 we loved you but you will not need it
6bt0YBzEIoA-00136-00029568-00029670 anymore
6bt0YBzEIoA-00137-00029672-00029870 what i mean is that we can just define
6bt0YBzEIoA-00138-00029872-00030055 our sine and cosine to be the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00139-00030056-00030335 coordinates of this point on the circle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00140-00030336-00030639 so if we have an angle b that's larger
6bt0YBzEIoA-00141-00030639-00030831 than 90 degrees no problem
6bt0YBzEIoA-00142-00030832-00031055 this point on the circle is to the left
6bt0YBzEIoA-00143-00031056-00031255 of zero so cosine of b
6bt0YBzEIoA-00144-00031256-00031511 is actually negative although the sine
6bt0YBzEIoA-00145-00031512-00031567 is still
6bt0YBzEIoA-00146-00031568-00031862 positive what about a negative angle c
6bt0YBzEIoA-00147-00031863-00031983 again no problem
6bt0YBzEIoA-00148-00031983-00032190 just that this time cosine of c is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00149-00032191-00032302 positive but
6bt0YBzEIoA-00150-00032303-00032646 sine of c is negative so our trig
6bt0YBzEIoA-00151-00032647-00032823 function started out as a relationship
6bt0YBzEIoA-00152-00032824-00033007 between angles and sides on the right
6bt0YBzEIoA-00153-00033008-00033102 triangle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00154-00033103-00033335 and now it powered up with these
6bt0YBzEIoA-00155-00033336-00033487 definitions you can take
6bt0YBzEIoA-00156-00033488-00033807 an angle think of it as direction
6bt0YBzEIoA-00157-00033808-00034046 of a vector on a plane and get the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00158-00034047-00034302 horizontal and vertical components of
6bt0YBzEIoA-00159-00034303-00034383 this vector
6bt0YBzEIoA-00160-00034384-00035055 using cosine and sine enough said
6bt0YBzEIoA-00161-00035056-00035367 but there is one more thing not just
6bt0YBzEIoA-00162-00035368-00035462 food for thought
6bt0YBzEIoA-00163-00035463-00035727 number one if you have two angles and
6bt0YBzEIoA-00164-00035728-00035799 they differ
6bt0YBzEIoA-00165-00035800-00036118 by a whole rotation then
6bt0YBzEIoA-00166-00036119-00036455 their cosine and sine will be all same
6bt0YBzEIoA-00167-00036456-00036879 number two
6bt0YBzEIoA-00168-00036880-00037118 what was i going to say oh yes although
6bt0YBzEIoA-00169-00037119-00037318 we extended the definition of the trig
6bt0YBzEIoA-00170-00037319-00037383 functions
6bt0YBzEIoA-00171-00037384-00037623 they still adhere pretty well to the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00172-00037624-00037727 intuition we had
6bt0YBzEIoA-00173-00037728-00037967 with using the right triangles we just
6bt0YBzEIoA-00174-00037968-00038351 have to draw them differently
6bt0YBzEIoA-00175-00038352-00038551 i realized that there is virtually no
6bt0YBzEIoA-00176-00038552-00038759 python programming in this video
6bt0YBzEIoA-00177-00038760-00038951 so i hope i can compensate for that a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00178-00038952-00039118 little by showing you a demo
6bt0YBzEIoA-00179-00039119-00039390 made with this week's project template i
6bt0YBzEIoA-00180-00039391-00039567 have a spaceship in the middle and it
6bt0YBzEIoA-00181-00039568-00039839 shows a laser beam onto a red circle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00182-00039840-00040015 there's a little white ball on the red
6bt0YBzEIoA-00183-00040016-00040279 circle and that is an indicator for a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00184-00040280-00040407 nice angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00185-00040408-00040671 that angle is shown as radian on the top
6bt0YBzEIoA-00186-00040672-00040735 left
6bt0YBzEIoA-00187-00040736-00041046 and as degree on the top right and
6bt0YBzEIoA-00188-00041047-00041230 beside using the keyboard i can also
6bt0YBzEIoA-00189-00041231-00041430 click and drag with the mouse to set the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00190-00041431-00041574 ship's angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00191-00041575-00041735 because this is a good place for the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00192-00041736-00041958 reminder that the angles we use in our
6bt0YBzEIoA-00193-00041959-00042215 python programs are all in radians not
6bt0YBzEIoA-00194-00042216-00042295 degrees
6bt0YBzEIoA-00195-00042296-00042702 you know those things with pi ah
6bt0YBzEIoA-00196-00042703-00043030 the good old pie is three
6bt0YBzEIoA-00197-00043031-00043343 one four one five nine
6bt0YBzEIoA-00198-00043344-00043902 two six five three five
6bt0YBzEIoA-00199-00043903-00044062 no seriously but there's a good reason
6bt0YBzEIoA-00200-00044063-00044327 why we use radians and why there is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00201-00044328-00044687 pi in radians suppose this is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00202-00044688-00045030 one again we have our circle of radius
6bt0YBzEIoA-00203-00045031-00045135 one
6bt0YBzEIoA-00204-00045136-00045423 and this is our angle and here it tells
6bt0YBzEIoA-00205-00045424-00045487 us that
6bt0YBzEIoA-00206-00045488-00045774 the angle is third pi what that means is
6bt0YBzEIoA-00207-00045775-00045807 that
6bt0YBzEIoA-00208-00045808-00046143 this arc here from this point
6bt0YBzEIoA-00209-00046144-00046511 to that point the length of this arc
6bt0YBzEIoA-00210-00046512-00046839 is 1 3 pi so
6bt0YBzEIoA-00211-00046840-00047111 if you go all the way around that's the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00212-00047112-00047374 angle of 2 pi
6bt0YBzEIoA-00213-00047375-00047807 and of course 2 pi is 360 degrees
6bt0YBzEIoA-00214-00047808-00048015 oh and here's another reminder we're so
6bt0YBzEIoA-00215-00048016-00048111 used to x
6bt0YBzEIoA-00216-00048112-00048374 going to the right and y going up and so
6bt0YBzEIoA-00217-00048375-00048455 the positive
6bt0YBzEIoA-00218-00048456-00048735 angle going this way counterclockwise
6bt0YBzEIoA-00219-00048736-00048943 but for computer graphics it goes
6bt0YBzEIoA-00220-00048944-00049158 clockwise down and that's very simple
6bt0YBzEIoA-00221-00049159-00049295 because the origin
6bt0YBzEIoA-00222-00049296-00049655 0 0 is right here and x goes to the
6bt0YBzEIoA-00223-00049656-00049774 right as usual but y
6bt0YBzEIoA-00224-00049775-00050111 goes down as positive
6bt0YBzEIoA-00225-00050112-00050367 i really should end this but i don't
6bt0YBzEIoA-00226-00050368-00050518 want to go
6bt0YBzEIoA-00227-00050519-00050727 so here's the last tip for you so in my
6bt0YBzEIoA-00228-00050728-00050918 demo program you can use the mouse to
6bt0YBzEIoA-00229-00050919-00051086 set the spaceship's angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00230-00051087-00051270 instead of going from an angle to a
6bt0YBzEIoA-00231-00051271-00051519 vector for which you use trig functions
6bt0YBzEIoA-00232-00051520-00051766 you go the other way from a vector to an
6bt0YBzEIoA-00233-00051767-00051846 angle
6bt0YBzEIoA-00234-00051847-00052126 naturally what you can use is an inverse
6bt0YBzEIoA-00235-00052127-00052238 trig function
6bt0YBzEIoA-00236-00052239-00052511 here's my implementation using the a 10
6bt0YBzEIoA-00237-00052512-00052550 2
6bt0YBzEIoA-00238-00052551-00052766 function inverse tangent function he
6bt0YBzEIoA-00239-00052767-00052935 found in the documentation
6bt0YBzEIoA-00240-00052936-00053119 your homework is to figure out how it
6bt0YBzEIoA-00241-00053120-00055030 works just kidding happy coding everyone
6bt0YBzEIoA-00242-00055032-00055239 you
6eaomGCsj20-00000-00000044-00000690 [Music]
6eaomGCsj20-00001-00000691-00000991 thank you
6fYlpc36XeA-00000-00000038-00000413 [Music]
6fYlpc36XeA-00001-00000413-00000467 [Applause]
6fYlpc36XeA-00003-00006562-00006590 you
6hx8UigOYDY-00000-00000000-00000245 no more flour tortillas for you here
6hx8UigOYDY-00001-00000246-00000482 you're beyond that now I believe in you
6hx8UigOYDY-00002-00000483-00000692 time to put cheese on your grocery list
6hx8UigOYDY-00003-00000693-00000911 if you don't have it already let's get
6hx8UigOYDY-00004-00000911-00001406 it going happy Taco Tuesday today we're
6hx8UigOYDY-00005-00001407-00001697 all waiting for besides friday generally
6hx8UigOYDY-00006-00001698-00002077 I wait for but yet taco tuesday is cool
6hx8UigOYDY-00007-00002078-00002237 too you're just going to have to roll
6hx8UigOYDY-00008-00002238-00002515 with me today on this picture
6hx8UigOYDY-00009-00002516-00002948 representation of the process you'll
6hx8UigOYDY-00010-00002949-00003211 need to take to achieve crispy cheese
6hx8UigOYDY-00011-00003213-00003620 taco slogging every day is a time
6hx8UigOYDY-00012-00003621-00003895 management challenge we're just going to
6hx8UigOYDY-00013-00003896-00004193 go right through this process with the
6hx8UigOYDY-00014-00004194-00004358 use of picture I know you can do it
6hx8UigOYDY-00015-00004359-00004852 you're smart you can do things smart
6hx8UigOYDY-00016-00004853-00005656 like everybody say yeah that's from God
6hx8UigOYDY-00017-00005657-00005870 Father I believe in you I know you can
6hx8UigOYDY-00018-00005871-00006131 do it let's get this party started first
6hx8UigOYDY-00019-00006132-00006277 thing you're going to need is a cast
6hx8UigOYDY-00020-00006278-00006491 iron skillet one my favorite kitchen
6hx8UigOYDY-00021-00006492-00006989 tools a metal ring and also your
6hx8UigOYDY-00022-00006990-00007225 favorite grade cheese I suggest using
6hx8UigOYDY-00023-00007226-00007567 parmesan let's cheese melt for about two
6hx8UigOYDY-00024-00007568-00007891 to three minutes over medium low heat
6hx8UigOYDY-00025-00007892-00008387 get your spatula take the ring off of
6hx8UigOYDY-00026-00008388-00008651 the chi-you carefully it's going to be
6hx8UigOYDY-00027-00008652-00009062 really super OTT take the disc of cheese
6hx8UigOYDY-00028-00009063-00009452 and you're going to place it on top of a
6hx8UigOYDY-00029-00009453-00009931 wooden spoon handle yes you can set up
6hx8UigOYDY-00030-00009932-00010277 this rig that is picture here going to
6hx8UigOYDY-00031-00010278-00010588 create that little curve shape that we
6hx8UigOYDY-00032-00010589-00010838 need for our taco shell you're going to
6hx8UigOYDY-00033-00010839-00011164 let it cool there for about 10 to 15
6hx8UigOYDY-00034-00011165-00011539 minutes guess what you have a crispy
6hx8UigOYDY-00035-00011540-00012005 cheese taco shell you're welcome now you
6hx8UigOYDY-00036-00012006-00012170 can start filling that up with whatever
6hx8UigOYDY-00037-00012171-00012419 you'd like I have a really big fan of
6hx8UigOYDY-00038-00012420-00012646 guacamole you can tell me what you
6hx8UigOYDY-00039-00012647-00012815 enjoying your taco you leave me a
6hx8UigOYDY-00040-00012816-00013036 comment down below also don't forget to
6hx8UigOYDY-00041-00013037-00013261 follow me on Instagram Twitter and
6hx8UigOYDY-00042-00013262-00013565 Facebook although I will say that I am
6hx8UigOYDY-00043-00013566-00013835 very partial to Instagram let's face it
6hx8UigOYDY-00044-00013836-00014132 it is way easier to navigate and way
6hx8UigOYDY-00045-00014133-00014579 more fun there I said there it is i will
6hx8UigOYDY-00046-00014580-00015005 see you on the next episode cumbia
6hx8UigOYDY-00047-00015006-00015178 morrow yes
6hx8UigOYDY-00048-00015179-00015572 [Music]
6jMVzd5PzFI-00000-00000003-00000214 Somerset Green is a gated community in
6jMVzd5PzFI-00001-00000215-00000434 Houston Texas developed by Heinz
6jMVzd5PzFI-00002-00000434-00000713 interests limited partnership Nancy
6jMVzd5PzFI-00003-00000714-00000844 Sarnoff of the Houston Chronicle
6jMVzd5PzFI-00004-00000846-00001028 described Somerset green as a
6jMVzd5PzFI-00005-00001029-00001287 european-style residential development
6jMVzd5PzFI-00006-00001288-00001532 prestonwood & Associates was the land
6jMVzd5PzFI-00007-00001533-00001730 planner of the development located on a
6jMVzd5PzFI-00008-00001730-00001982 46 acre tract of land inside Houston's
6jMVzd5PzFI-00009-00001982-00002242 interstate 610 loop Somerset Green is a
6jMVzd5PzFI-00010-00002243-00002443 high-end plant community with detached
6jMVzd5PzFI-00011-00002444-00002542 townhome sites
6jMVzd5PzFI-00012-00002543-00002827 water features and green spaces the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00013-00002828-00003050 development also contains pocket parks
6jMVzd5PzFI-00014-00003051-00003269 dog parks and an amenity area in
6jMVzd5PzFI-00015-00003270-00003410 gathering spot with a resort style
6jMVzd5PzFI-00016-00003411-00003674 swimming pool by October 2013 the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00017-00003675-00003845 company had acquired the property for
6jMVzd5PzFI-00018-00003846-00004103 the development the company's building
6jMVzd5PzFI-00019-00004104-00004306 houses in the first phase were Coventry
6jMVzd5PzFI-00020-00004307-00004558 homes Pelican builders and Toll Brothers
6jMVzd5PzFI-00021-00004559-00004786 mark cover the southwest region
6jMVzd5PzFI-00022-00004787-00005024 executive vice president and CEO of
6jMVzd5PzFI-00023-00005025-00005227 Heinz stated that the housing prices
6jMVzd5PzFI-00024-00005228-00006093 would range from $500,000 to $1,000,000
6jMVzd5PzFI-00025-00006094-00006638 topic geography
6jMVzd5PzFI-00026-00006639-00006992 the 46 acre 19 hectares development is
6jMVzd5PzFI-00027-00006993-00007284 at 6,900 old Cady Road at Somerset green
6jMVzd5PzFI-00028-00007286-00007556 the surrounding area consists primarily
6jMVzd5PzFI-00029-00007556-00007831 of businesses agencies and industrial
6jMVzd5PzFI-00030-00007833-00008138 warehouses one large apartment complex
6jMVzd5PzFI-00031-00008139-00008332 is in proximity to the development
6jMVzd5PzFI-00032-00008333-00008588 Somerset green is in proximity to the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00033-00008589-00008756 decorative center Houston Houston
6jMVzd5PzFI-00034-00008757-00009014 Transtar Silver Eagle distributors the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00035-00009015-00009209 Houston Society for the Prevention of
6jMVzd5PzFI-00036-00009210-00009470 Cruelty to Animals SPCA and the star
6jMVzd5PzFI-00037-00009471-00009743 motorcars automobile dealership the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00038-00009744-00009946 gated community will have a 24-hour
6jMVzd5PzFI-00039-00009947-00010196 guard the plans called for about 500
6jMVzd5PzFI-00040-00010197-00010430 single-family houses located on small
6jMVzd5PzFI-00041-00010431-00010751 lots some houses are three stories tall
6jMVzd5PzFI-00042-00010752-00011033 in some four stories Sarnoff described
6jMVzd5PzFI-00043-00011034-00011321 the plan density as a rare find inside
6jMVzd5PzFI-00044-00011322-00012017 loop 610
6jMVzd5PzFI-00045-00012018-00012573 topic education
6jMVzd5PzFI-00046-00012574-00012784 residences owned two schools in the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00047-00012785-00013035 Houston Independent School District when
6jMVzd5PzFI-00048-00013036-00013213 the development is built it will be
6jMVzd5PzFI-00049-00013213-00013429 zoned to Sinclair elementary school hog
6jMVzd5PzFI-00050-00013430-00014151 middle school and Waltrip High School
6jMVzd5PzFI-00051-00014152-00014811 topic parks and recreation the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00052-00014812-00014966 development plans called for the
6jMVzd5PzFI-00053-00014968-00015191 installation of swimming pools parks and
6jMVzd5PzFI-00054-00015193-00015486 community areas the parks were planned
6jMVzd5PzFI-00055-00015487-00016197 to include pocket parks and dog parks
6jMVzd5PzFI-00056-00016197-00016744 topic see also
6jMVzd5PzFI-00057-00016745-00017259 first colony Las Colinas
6kGqMNr-WGE-00000-00000048-00000199 tom here from orange systems and it is
6kGqMNr-WGE-00001-00000200-00000478 december 15th of 2021 and unifi has
6kGqMNr-WGE-00002-00000479-00000634 released version
6kGqMNr-WGE-00003-00000635-00000871 6.5.55 of their unified controller
6kGqMNr-WGE-00004-00000872-00001439 software to address cve 2021-45046
6kGqMNr-WGE-00005-00001440-00001718 now this is a fix for log4j again
6kGqMNr-WGE-00006-00001719-00002018 because these fix in cve
6kGqMNr-WGE-00007-00002019-00002255 2021-4428 though specifically java
6kGqMNr-WGE-00008-00002256-00002599 library log4j was not a complete fix and
6kGqMNr-WGE-00009-00002600-00002807 someone found yet another flaw so this
6kGqMNr-WGE-00010-00002808-00003063 is a new update unifi based on java is
6kGqMNr-WGE-00011-00003064-00003231 now pulling those libraries in and now
6kGqMNr-WGE-00012-00003232-00003422 has to pull in the latest versions of it
6kGqMNr-WGE-00013-00003423-00003559 and you should be at least running that
6kGqMNr-WGE-00014-00003560-00003815 controller version and there is not any
6kGqMNr-WGE-00015-00003815-00004095 right now as of today known exploits for
6kGqMNr-WGE-00016-00004096-00004327 this out in the wild that are able to
6kGqMNr-WGE-00017-00004328-00004535 leverage it other than in a non-default
6kGqMNr-WGE-00018-00004536-00004735 config but exploits only get better and
6kGqMNr-WGE-00019-00004736-00004902 it will obviously be more news on this
6kGqMNr-WGE-00020-00004903-00005063 as people poke at it so it's best to be
6kGqMNr-WGE-00021-00005064-00005183 running the latest version and keep
6kGqMNr-WGE-00022-00005184-00005367 yourself update and secure links down
6kGqMNr-WGE-00023-00005368-00005567 below to my longer video on this topic
6kGqMNr-WGE-00024-00005568-00005670 and of course where you can get the
6kGqMNr-WGE-00025-00005671-00005984 update thanks
6lqZwzVvgHu-00000-00000052-00000303 alcohol in Indonesia refers to the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00001-00000304-00000551 alcohol industry alcohol consumption and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00002-00000552-00000767 laws related to alcohol in the Southeast
6lqZwzVvgHu-00003-00000768-00001065 Asian country of Indonesia Indonesia is
6lqZwzVvgHu-00004-00001066-00001290 a Muslim majority country yet it is also
6lqZwzVvgHu-00005-00001291-00001508 a pluralist democratic and secular
6lqZwzVvgHu-00006-00001509-00001733 nation these social and demographic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00007-00001734-00002000 conditions led to Islamic parties and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00008-00002001-00002145 pressure groups pushing the government
6lqZwzVvgHu-00009-00002146-00002364 to restrict alcohol consumption and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00010-00002365-00002534 trade while the government carefully
6lqZwzVvgHu-00011-00002535-00002739 considers the rights of non-muslims and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00012-00002740-00002957 consenting adults to consume alcohol and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00013-00002958-00003156 estimates the possible alcohol ban
6lqZwzVvgHu-00014-00003157-00003351 effects on Indonesian tourism and the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00015-00003352-00003564 economy currently there are no alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00016-00003565-00003774 bans being enforced in Indonesia with
6lqZwzVvgHu-00017-00003775-00004056 the exception of Aceh a since 2014
6lqZwzVvgHu-00018-00004057-00004305 anyone found consuming alcohol or
6lqZwzVvgHu-00019-00004306-00004488 breaching the codes on moral conduct
6lqZwzVvgHu-00020-00004489-00004725 whether residents or visitor's 2oj could
6lqZwzVvgHu-00021-00004726-00004956 face between six and nine cane lashes in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00022-00004957-00005232 other parts of Indonesia to appease the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00023-00005233-00005451 Islamic parties and pressure groups the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00024-00005452-00005595 government agreed to apply mild
6lqZwzVvgHu-00025-00005596-00005796 restriction measures on alcohol which
6lqZwzVvgHu-00026-00005797-00006056 includes high taxation and limited bans
6lqZwzVvgHu-00027-00006057-00006273 Indonesia is among the countries that
6lqZwzVvgHu-00028-00006274-00006524 apply high taxes on imported alcoholic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00029-00006525-00006816 beverages in 2015 import tax on alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00030-00006817-00007284 jumped to 150% also in 2015 the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00031-00007284-00007460 Indonesian government banned the sale of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00032-00007461-00007667 alcohol from many markets and small
6lqZwzVvgHu-00033-00007668-00007845 shops with the exception of Bali
6lqZwzVvgHu-00034-00007845-00008019 province though sale was allowed in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00035-00008020-00008288 supermarkets restaurants bars clubs and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00036-00008289-00008588 hotels nevertheless in more cosmopolitan
6lqZwzVvgHu-00037-00008589-00008849 Indonesian cities like Jakarta Maidan
6lqZwzVvgHu-00038-00008850-00009071 and Surabaya and also in tourism
6lqZwzVvgHu-00039-00009072-00009317 hotspots such as Bali yogyakarta and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00040-00009318-00009519 Badham alcohol beverages are readily
6lqZwzVvgHu-00041-00009520-00009734 available yet with higher prices owing
6lqZwzVvgHu-00042-00009735-00009945 to the high tax applied upon alcoholic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00043-00009946-00010188 beverages in February 2016
6lqZwzVvgHu-00044-00010189-00010373 Indonesian malt beverage producers
6lqZwzVvgHu-00045-00010374-00010659 Association G immi called the House of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00046-00010660-00010817 Representatives to draft for
6lqZwzVvgHu-00047-00010818-00011006 comprehensive regulations on the chain
6lqZwzVvgHu-00048-00011007-00011162 of production and the marketing of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00049-00011163-00011373 alcoholic beverages instead of total
6lqZwzVvgHu-00050-00011374-00011948 prohibition
6lqZwzVvgHu-00051-00011949-00012602 topic history and traditions since
6lqZwzVvgHu-00052-00012603-00012847 ancient times local alcoholic beverages
6lqZwzVvgHu-00053-00012849-00012991 were developed by natives in the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00054-00012992-00013304 archipelago some panels in 9th century
6lqZwzVvgHu-00055-00013305-00013519 borobudur bow reliefs depicted drink
6lqZwzVvgHu-00056-00013520-00013757 vendors warren small restaurant and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00057-00013758-00013934 there is a panel depicting a building
6lqZwzVvgHu-00058-00013935-00014144 with people drinking possibly alcoholic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00059-00014144-00014396 beverages dancing and having fun seeming
6lqZwzVvgHu-00060-00014397-00014599 to depict a tavern or lodging house
6lqZwzVvgHu-00061-00014600-00014858 according to a Chinese source genius
6lqZwzVvgHu-00062-00014859-00015094 Chung Ling see 15th century the people
6lqZwzVvgHu-00063-00015095-00015338 of Java in madaba hit kingdom drank wine
6lqZwzVvgHu-00064-00015338-00015600 made from palm SAP called tuoc palm wine
6lqZwzVvgHu-00065-00015601-00015916 however by the 16th century Islam began
6lqZwzVvgHu-00066-00015918-00016141 to supplant Hinduism and Buddhism as the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00067-00016143-00016415 major religion in Indonesia since then
6lqZwzVvgHu-00068-00016416-00016669 as a Muslim majority country Indonesian
6lqZwzVvgHu-00069-00016670-00016922 Muslims share Islamic dietary laws that
6lqZwzVvgHu-00070-00016923-00017104 prohibit alcoholic beverages
6lqZwzVvgHu-00071-00017105-00017396 nevertheless the local alcohol drinking
6lqZwzVvgHu-00072-00017397-00017597 culture still survives at least among
6lqZwzVvgHu-00073-00017598-00017792 less religious members of society and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00074-00017793-00017977 among the non-muslim community
6lqZwzVvgHu-00075-00017978-00018236 certain ethnic cultural regions which
6lqZwzVvgHu-00076-00018237-00018410 are predominantly Christian are known
6lqZwzVvgHu-00077-00018411-00018599 for their affinity to alcohol drinking
6lqZwzVvgHu-00078-00018600-00018836 traditions such as the Batak Torajan
6lqZwzVvgHu-00079-00018837-00019175 mana Hassan and Anthony's Indonesia has
6lqZwzVvgHu-00080-00019176-00019397 its own traditional alcoholic beverages
6lqZwzVvgHu-00081-00019398-00019640 prepared by fermenting rice grain gluten
6lqZwzVvgHu-00082-00019641-00019855 sugar palm SAP and coconuts
6lqZwzVvgHu-00083-00019856-00020111 according to culinary expert William
6lqZwzVvgHu-00084-00020112-00020269 Wong so the culture of drinking
6lqZwzVvgHu-00085-00020270-00020492 distilled alcohol was never strong in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00086-00020493-00020708 Indonesia with only a few regions having
6lqZwzVvgHu-00087-00020709-00020999 developed it in the Batak community in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00088-00021000-00021236 north sumatra tuoc palm liquor is a
6lqZwzVvgHu-00089-00021237-00021452 compulsory drink in the celebrations and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00090-00021453-00021703 became a tradition in the community the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00091-00021704-00021860 talk tribes are predominantly of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00092-00021861-00022064 Christian Protestant faith yet some of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00093-00022065-00022349 its clans are Muslim a traditional Batak
6lqZwzVvgHu-00094-00022350-00022592 bar serving tuoc is called a lap Oh -
6lqZwzVvgHu-00095-00022593-00022759 och in the Toraja lands of South
6lqZwzVvgHu-00096-00022760-00023050 Sulawesi their version of talk made from
6lqZwzVvgHu-00097-00023051-00023275 fermented sugar palm sap is called Bala
6lqZwzVvgHu-00098-00023276-00023569 in Torajan traditional ceremonies
6lqZwzVvgHu-00099-00023570-00023834 rituals and celebrations ballo is always
6lqZwzVvgHu-00100-00023835-00024022 served either as a prerequisite for the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00101-00024023-00024224 ritual as an offering for ancestral
6lqZwzVvgHu-00102-00024225-00024442 spirits as well as for drinks for guests
6lqZwzVvgHu-00103-00024443-00024737 ballo is also commonly consumed by the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00104-00024738-00024922 neighbouring Bugis ethnic group in the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00105-00024923-00025168 mana hasa region of North Sulawesi an
6lqZwzVvgHu-00106-00025169-00025343 almost identical palm liquor
6lqZwzVvgHu-00107-00025344-00025583 also made from sugar palm sap is called
6lqZwzVvgHu-00108-00025584-00025880 sag or in Nusa Tenggara and Maluku
6lqZwzVvgHu-00109-00025881-00026102 islands that people also drink palm wine
6lqZwzVvgHu-00110-00026102-00026345 locally known as soapy also in the mana
6lqZwzVvgHu-00111-00026345-00026549 hasa region the people drink a highly
6lqZwzVvgHu-00112-00026550-00026747 alcoholic drink called cap Tikus
6lqZwzVvgHu-00113-00026748-00027086 litte rodent brand cap Tikus is made
6lqZwzVvgHu-00114-00027087-00027326 from distilled seguro or soapy palm wine
6lqZwzVvgHu-00115-00027327-00027617 which increases its alcohol content the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00116-00027618-00027902 origin of cap Tikus brand is unclear it
6lqZwzVvgHu-00117-00027902-00028133 is suggested that circa 1820s
6lqZwzVvgHu-00118-00028133-00028427 prior to the 1830 java wore the k and IL
6lqZwzVvgHu-00119-00028427-00028601 m'a Nahas on legion found and bought
6lqZwzVvgHu-00120-00028602-00028823 distilled sagar or soapy sold in blue
6lqZwzVvgHu-00121-00028824-00029006 bottles embossed with the image of mouse
6lqZwzVvgHu-00122-00029007-00029207 sold by a Chinese merchant in fort
6lqZwzVvgHu-00123-00029208-00029480 amsterdam in Manado today however
6lqZwzVvgHu-00124-00029481-00029699 because of poor regulation on alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00125-00029700-00029852 production in this region this
6lqZwzVvgHu-00126-00029852-00030095 traditional homemade cap Tikus industry
6lqZwzVvgHu-00127-00030095-00030295 is considered as an illegal beverage due
6lqZwzVvgHu-00128-00030297-00030479 to the high prevalence of mortal alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00129-00030480-00030800 poisoning bottled bream Bali Balinese
6lqZwzVvgHu-00130-00030801-00031045 rice wine and Eric are popular beverages
6lqZwzVvgHu-00131-00031047-00031245 in the hindu-majority island of Bali
6lqZwzVvgHu-00132-00031247-00031514 bream is a brownish colored liqueur with
6lqZwzVvgHu-00133-00031514-00031829 5% alcohol it is also exported to Japan
6lqZwzVvgHu-00134-00031830-00032095 and China for Balinese people it has a
6lqZwzVvgHu-00135-00032097-00032393 religious significance to bream Iraq and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00136-00032394-00032630 to a car required for tab UN offerings
6lqZwzVvgHu-00137-00032631-00032978 to the gods in solo central java CIU a
6lqZwzVvgHu-00138-00032979-00033215 local adaptation of chinese wine made
6lqZwzVvgHu-00139-00033216-00033434 from cider molasses of sugarcane is well
6lqZwzVvgHu-00140-00033435-00033719 known it is linked to solos history as a
6lqZwzVvgHu-00141-00033720-00033938 sugar plantation and production center
6lqZwzVvgHu-00142-00033939-00034148 in colonial times the Dutch colonial
6lqZwzVvgHu-00143-00034149-00034346 state was established in Indonesia in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00144-00034347-00034457 the 1800s
6lqZwzVvgHu-00145-00034458-00034658 the colonial Dutch brought their
6lqZwzVvgHu-00146-00034659-00034835 European drinking culture to the East
6lqZwzVvgHu-00147-00034836-00035117 Indies most prominently with beer the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00148-00035118-00035312 Heineken beer company established its
6lqZwzVvgHu-00149-00035313-00035597 brewery factory in Surabaya in 1929
6lqZwzVvgHu-00150-00035598-00035753 during the Dutch colonial rule of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00151-00035754-00035846 Indonesia
6lqZwzVvgHu-00152-00035847-00036188 by the 1960s Indonesians developed their
6lqZwzVvgHu-00153-00036189-00036404 own local brands of beer which included
6lqZwzVvgHu-00154-00036405-00036635 bintang beer nationalized from Heineken
6lqZwzVvgHu-00155-00036636-00037223 and anchor beer
6lqZwzVvgHu-00156-00037224-00037757 topic regulation
6lqZwzVvgHu-00157-00037758-00037996 a presidential regulation signed by
6lqZwzVvgHu-00158-00037997-00038299 susilo bambang yudhoyono in 2013 gave
6lqZwzVvgHu-00159-00038300-00038486 legal cover to distribution of alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00160-00038487-00038749 it classified alcoholic beverages in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00161-00038750-00039029 Indonesia in three categories drinks
6lqZwzVvgHu-00162-00039030-00039242 having an alcohol percentage less than
6lqZwzVvgHu-00163-00039243-00039652 5% a class 5% to 20% B class and more
6lqZwzVvgHu-00164-00039653-00040010 than 20% C class it was replacement of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00165-00040011-00040289 the 1997 decree after the Supreme Court
6lqZwzVvgHu-00166-00040290-00040454 abolished it following appeals from
6lqZwzVvgHu-00167-00040455-00040639 hardline religious groups like the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00168-00040640-00040970 Islamic Defenders Front the 2012 court
6lqZwzVvgHu-00169-00040971-00041192 ruling came after a draft bill proposed
6lqZwzVvgHu-00170-00041193-00041470 by the United Development Party PPP to
6lqZwzVvgHu-00171-00041471-00041680 completely ban the sale production and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00172-00041681-00041885 consumption of alcohol in Indonesia
6lqZwzVvgHu-00173-00041886-00042239 however the 2013 presidential regulation
6lqZwzVvgHu-00174-00042240-00042449 was welcomed by travel agencies in the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00175-00042450-00042599 wake of the harmful effects of the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00176-00042600-00042839 proposed draft on tourism prices of wine
6lqZwzVvgHu-00177-00042840-00043043 and spirits in Indonesia increased by
6lqZwzVvgHu-00178-00043044-00043255 one hundred forty point five percent and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00179-00043256-00043424 one hundred fifty four point four
6lqZwzVvgHu-00180-00043425-00043658 percent respectively between 2009 and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00181-00043659-00044026 2014 in 2015 the government further
6lqZwzVvgHu-00182-00044027-00044221 hiked the import tariffs on wine and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00183-00044222-00044395 spirits which nearly doubled the price
6lqZwzVvgHu-00184-00044396-00045050 of alcoholic beverages
6lqZwzVvgHu-00185-00045051-00045613 topic industry and products
6lqZwzVvgHu-00186-00045614-00045848 some foreign companies which sell
6lqZwzVvgHu-00187-00045849-00046103 alcohol in Indonesia are Diageo Pernod
6lqZwzVvgHu-00188-00046104-00046433 Ricard Remi Cointreau and Bacardi PT
6lqZwzVvgHu-00189-00046434-00046646 multi bintang is the largest domestic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00190-00046647-00046889 brewery of indonesia as per market
6lqZwzVvgHu-00191-00046890-00047084 experts because of various regulations
6lqZwzVvgHu-00192-00047085-00047342 alcohol sales are declining in indonesia
6lqZwzVvgHu-00193-00047343-00047573 bintang beer of multi bintang brewery as
6lqZwzVvgHu-00194-00047574-00047782 the largest selling beer of indonesia
6lqZwzVvgHu-00195-00047783-00048044 multi bintang is a subsidiary of
6lqZwzVvgHu-00196-00048045-00048368 Heineken asia-pacific in 2011 bintang
6lqZwzVvgHu-00197-00048369-00048557 beer won the gold medal for the lager
6lqZwzVvgHu-00198-00048558-00048788 beer category and was awarded champion
6lqZwzVvgHu-00199-00048789-00049034 beer 2011 at the world's class beer
6lqZwzVvgHu-00200-00049035-00049172 competition the brewing industry
6lqZwzVvgHu-00201-00049173-00049328 international award
6lqZwzVvgHu-00202-00049329-00049814 BII a 2011 in London in 2014 bintang ray
6lqZwzVvgHu-00203-00049815-00049973 dollar was introduced which was the
6lqZwzVvgHu-00204-00049974-00050126 first flavored beer produced
6lqZwzVvgHu-00205-00050127-00050396 domestically in indonesia other major
6lqZwzVvgHu-00206-00050397-00050621 beer producers are delta jakarta known
6lqZwzVvgHu-00207-00050622-00050846 for its anchor beer and PT Bali Hai
6lqZwzVvgHu-00208-00050847-00051071 brewery Indonesia known for its Bali Hai
6lqZwzVvgHu-00209-00051072-00051287 an affiliate to an Asian brewery which
6lqZwzVvgHu-00210-00051288-00051508 also produced under license other brands
6lqZwzVvgHu-00211-00051509-00051764 including San Miguel Beer Asahi beer and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00212-00051765-00052037 love Android beer non-alcoholic in 2012
6lqZwzVvgHu-00213-00052038-00052279 drum green label whiskey of asta dama
6lqZwzVvgHu-00214-00052280-00052507 distillery won gold medal in the spirit
6lqZwzVvgHu-00215-00052508-00052736 international prestige sip Awards held
6lqZwzVvgHu-00216-00052737-00053032 in the USA it became the first whisky
6lqZwzVvgHu-00217-00053033-00053182 from Indonesia to get international
6lqZwzVvgHu-00218-00053183-00053741 recognition
6lqZwzVvgHu-00219-00053741-00054302 topic illegal alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00220-00054303-00054569 the high prices of alcohol beverages in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00221-00054570-00054791 Indonesia caused by high taxation and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00222-00054791-00054995 restriction has led to cases of illegal
6lqZwzVvgHu-00223-00054996-00055289 alcohol in the country as the legal and
6lqZwzVvgHu-00224-00055290-00055502 imported alcoholic beverage has become
6lqZwzVvgHu-00225-00055503-00055709 unaffordable locals turn to illegal
6lqZwzVvgHu-00226-00055710-00055907 bootlegged alcohol for a cheaper drink
6lqZwzVvgHu-00227-00055908-00056183 these illegal alcoholic drinks are known
6lqZwzVvgHu-00228-00056184-00056420 in Indonesian as alcohol appleís and lit
6lqZwzVvgHu-00229-00056421-00056735 solved alcohol an account for over 80
6lqZwzVvgHu-00230-00056736-00056924 percent of the alcohol consumed in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00231-00056925-00057185 Indonesia these illicit ly produced
6lqZwzVvgHu-00232-00057186-00057374 liquors which are traditionally homemade
6lqZwzVvgHu-00233-00057375-00057590 are considered illegal by Indonesian law
6lqZwzVvgHu-00234-00057591-00057773 due to the high incidence of deadly
6lqZwzVvgHu-00235-00057774-00058046 alcohol poisoning the lepen liquor from
6lqZwzVvgHu-00236-00058047-00058253 yogyakarta for example is made from
6lqZwzVvgHu-00237-00058254-00058571 industrial alcohol of 85% volume mixed
6lqZwzVvgHu-00238-00058572-00058847 with water with a 1 to 4 or 5 alcohol to
6lqZwzVvgHu-00239-00058848-00059045 water ratio then mixed with fruit
6lqZwzVvgHu-00240-00059046-00059270 essence as a flavoring agent in February
6lqZwzVvgHu-00241-00059271-00059615 2010 16 people died and 5 lepen sellers
6lqZwzVvgHu-00242-00059616-00059801 were arrested in Yogyakarta due to
6lqZwzVvgHu-00243-00059802-00059980 alcohol poisoning and illicit alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00244-00059982-00060316 production in September 2010 three
6lqZwzVvgHu-00245-00060317-00060529 Russian Sukhoi fighter technicians died
6lqZwzVvgHu-00246-00060530-00060737 in Makassar from methanol poisoning in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00247-00060738-00061004 their drinks yogyakarta residents were
6lqZwzVvgHu-00248-00061004-00061238 again affected by badly made alcohol in
6lqZwzVvgHu-00249-00061239-00061595 2016 other traditionally made alcoholic
6lqZwzVvgHu-00250-00061596-00061889 spirits such as solo CIU monado's cap
6lqZwzVvgHu-00251-00061890-00062120 Tikus and some Balinese Erik are known
6lqZwzVvgHu-00252-00062121-00062339 as illegal alcohol also due to the high
6lqZwzVvgHu-00253-00062340-00063005 incidence of alcohol poisoning
6lqZwzVvgHu-00254-00063007-00063541 topic see also
6lqZwzVvgHu-00255-00063541-00063972 alcohol in Australia alcohol in Iran
6lqZwzVvgHu-00256-00063973-00064324 alcohol in Malaysia alcohol in New
6lqZwzVvgHu-00257-00064325-00064617 Zealand list of countries by alcohol
6lqZwzVvgHu-00258-00064619-00064882 consumption
6m_LKGFOFCA-00001-00003610-00004615 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00002-00004616-00005908 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00003-00005909-00006060 [Laughter]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00004-00006061-00007295 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00005-00007295-00007581 foreign
6m_LKGFOFCA-00006-00007583-00008611 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00007-00008612-00010311 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00008-00010312-00011278 [Laughter]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00009-00011279-00012000 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00010-00012001-00012308 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00011-00012309-00012768 [Laughter]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00012-00012769-00013440 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00013-00013441-00014969 [Laughter]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00014-00014969-00015261 foreign
6m_LKGFOFCA-00015-00015262-00016159 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00016-00016160-00018101 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00017-00018102-00018425 [Music]
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6m_LKGFOFCA-00019-00018637-00019752 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00020-00019753-00020981 [Music]
6m_LKGFOFCA-00021-00020982-00021718 [Music]
70pyx9Meh88-00000-00000000-00000202 we're just about sitting for the tip off
70pyx9Meh88-00001-00000204-00000729 hello
70pyx9Meh88-00002-00000730-00001240 [Applause]
75s-M_caYwc-00000-00000039-00000231 okay thank you all for joining the asap
75s-M_caYwc-00001-00000231-00000478 bio preprints brand kickoff event um
75s-M_caYwc-00002-00000479-00000751 we will begin the recording now so my
75s-M_caYwc-00003-00000752-00000854 name is victoria from
75s-M_caYwc-00004-00000855-00001399 asap bio and um just come next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00005-00001400-00001710 okay yeah so um over the last few years
75s-M_caYwc-00006-00001711-00001942 and in particular this year in 2020
75s-M_caYwc-00007-00001943-00002110 the research community has really been
75s-M_caYwc-00008-00002111-00002295 embracing the use of preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00009-00002296-00002447 especially for the ability to have
75s-M_caYwc-00010-00002448-00002663 author-directed rapid dissemination
75s-M_caYwc-00011-00002664-00002871 that could be read by everyone so people
75s-M_caYwc-00012-00002872-00002975 love preparing
75s-M_caYwc-00013-00002976-00003286 and for the same reasons the ability to
75s-M_caYwc-00014-00003288-00003470 have open interactions and feedback on
75s-M_caYwc-00015-00003471-00003679 preprints is also appreciated
75s-M_caYwc-00016-00003679-00003847 by many researchers for example you can
75s-M_caYwc-00017-00003847-00004015 see this tweet and
75s-M_caYwc-00018-00004015-00004367 um so despite all these benefits um
75s-M_caYwc-00019-00004368-00004606 and the availability the availability of
75s-M_caYwc-00020-00004607-00004679 platforms
75s-M_caYwc-00021-00004680-00004983 uh to comment and curate preprints um
75s-M_caYwc-00022-00004984-00005159 curating and reviewing preprints hasn't
75s-M_caYwc-00023-00005160-00005454 been as prevalent as preprint posting
75s-M_caYwc-00024-00005455-00005647 so we started brainstorming this event
75s-M_caYwc-00025-00005648-00005822 for some time and realize that perhaps a
75s-M_caYwc-00026-00005823-00005959 bigger challenge is how can we
75s-M_caYwc-00027-00005960-00006678 incentivize
75s-M_caYwc-00028-00006679-00007110 victoria you muted yourself by accident
75s-M_caYwc-00029-00007111-00007406 okay oh yeah so thanks now you can hear
75s-M_caYwc-00030-00007408-00007551 me okay
75s-M_caYwc-00031-00007552-00007951 yeah uh next slide jessica
75s-M_caYwc-00032-00007952-00008263 okay so um these are the common goals of
75s-M_caYwc-00033-00008264-00008342 our um
75s-M_caYwc-00034-00008343-00008574 of us and our organizers which is to
75s-M_caYwc-00035-00008575-00008774 increase the visibility of projects
75s-M_caYwc-00036-00008775-00008983 for everybody who is proposing an
75s-M_caYwc-00037-00008984-00009110 intervention today
75s-M_caYwc-00038-00009111-00009295 as well as having i have everyone
75s-M_caYwc-00039-00009296-00009414 receive feedback
75s-M_caYwc-00040-00009415-00009574 in three rounds of 20-minute breakout
75s-M_caYwc-00041-00009575-00009806 sessions so we like to take this time to
75s-M_caYwc-00042-00009807-00009967 hone in your ideas for encouraging
75s-M_caYwc-00043-00009968-00010006 review
75s-M_caYwc-00044-00010007-00010214 curation feedback and preprints and we
75s-M_caYwc-00045-00010215-00010359 hope that you take this time to form new
75s-M_caYwc-00046-00010360-00010455 collaborations
75s-M_caYwc-00047-00010456-00010606 and you can incorporate the feedback you
75s-M_caYwc-00048-00010607-00010774 receive today um
75s-M_caYwc-00049-00010775-00011110 for your presentation december 3rd
75s-M_caYwc-00050-00011111-00011414 okay so um
75s-M_caYwc-00051-00011415-00011678 and we have a few requests from asap bio
75s-M_caYwc-00052-00011679-00011823 so we hope that you keep your
75s-M_caYwc-00053-00011824-00011927 so we would like you to keep your
75s-M_caYwc-00054-00011928-00012142 microphones muted so that we have uh no
75s-M_caYwc-00055-00012143-00012270 background noise
75s-M_caYwc-00056-00012271-00012478 and we we may take the action to mute
75s-M_caYwc-00057-00012479-00012623 everyone
75s-M_caYwc-00058-00012624-00012902 so after after the breakout session
75s-M_caYwc-00059-00012903-00013102 please meet us back at the main stage
75s-M_caYwc-00060-00013103-00013255 and we have some closing remarks and
75s-M_caYwc-00061-00013256-00013407 we're hoping to also have a group
75s-M_caYwc-00062-00013408-00013519 picture of everybody who is
75s-M_caYwc-00063-00013519-00013663 participating
75s-M_caYwc-00064-00013663-00013943 and um we want we would like everyone to
75s-M_caYwc-00065-00013944-00014143 follow the asap bio code of conduct as
75s-M_caYwc-00066-00014144-00014215 well as the community
75s-M_caYwc-00067-00014216-00014447 guidelines so you can find that here so
75s-M_caYwc-00068-00014447-00014655 specifically please be respectful be
75s-M_caYwc-00069-00014656-00014758 collegial
75s-M_caYwc-00070-00014759-00014903 and value and respect different
75s-M_caYwc-00071-00014904-00015071 viewpoints including constructive
75s-M_caYwc-00072-00015072-00015135 feedback
75s-M_caYwc-00073-00015136-00015366 and encourage diversity so we hope you
75s-M_caYwc-00074-00015368-00015638 share resources and information that of
75s-M_caYwc-00075-00015640-00015815 relevance especially for the broader
75s-M_caYwc-00076-00015816-00015958 goal of encouraging feedback on
75s-M_caYwc-00077-00015959-00016150 preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00078-00016151-00016422 and a little bit more on the details so
75s-M_caYwc-00079-00016423-00016503 we have a
75s-M_caYwc-00080-00016504-00016743 sheet signup sheet so we will be sending
75s-M_caYwc-00081-00016744-00016894 that now in the chat
75s-M_caYwc-00082-00016895-00017055 where you can see on the different
75s-M_caYwc-00083-00017056-00017207 breakout rooms there are seven breakout
75s-M_caYwc-00084-00017208-00017415 rooms they will be 20 minutes long each
75s-M_caYwc-00085-00017416-00017607 so you can sign up your name to them to
75s-M_caYwc-00086-00017608-00017799 attend and there will be a maximum
75s-M_caYwc-00087-00017800-00017863 number of
75s-M_caYwc-00088-00017864-00018143 participants so to distribute people
75s-M_caYwc-00089-00018144-00018463 more evenly so we hope you can do that
75s-M_caYwc-00090-00018464-00018711 and um and some more points about the
75s-M_caYwc-00091-00018712-00018863 presentations themselves which are
75s-M_caYwc-00092-00018864-00019014 coming up in the first hour
75s-M_caYwc-00093-00019015-00019247 we have a strict time limit of 2 minutes
75s-M_caYwc-00094-00019248-00019375 and 30 seconds and that's
75s-M_caYwc-00095-00019376-00019614 that is to accommodate all 21 projects
75s-M_caYwc-00096-00019615-00019711 that are presenting
75s-M_caYwc-00097-00019712-00019847 so please hold your questions for the
75s-M_caYwc-00098-00019848-00020014 breakout sessions you can ask
75s-M_caYwc-00099-00020015-00020199 more questions there and we will be
75s-M_caYwc-00100-00020200-00020319 advancing slides for
75s-M_caYwc-00101-00020320-00020527 uh the speaker so jessica is driving the
75s-M_caYwc-00102-00020528-00020719 slides so perhaps for all the speakers
75s-M_caYwc-00103-00020720-00020775 so just
75s-M_caYwc-00104-00020776-00020950 wave um jessica will be advancing the
75s-M_caYwc-00105-00020951-00021175 slides and i will be keeping time
75s-M_caYwc-00106-00021176-00021478 and this uh presentation is recorded and
75s-M_caYwc-00107-00021479-00021647 we will be posting it onto youtube
75s-M_caYwc-00108-00021648-00021791 and if there's anything you want us to
75s-M_caYwc-00109-00021792-00022022 not include just let us know for editing
75s-M_caYwc-00110-00022023-00022175 and please move yourself when you're not
75s-M_caYwc-00111-00022176-00022350 speaking and in case there's any
75s-M_caYwc-00112-00022351-00022519 problems um with your slides
75s-M_caYwc-00113-00022520-00022719 sorry with them with your audio we will
75s-M_caYwc-00114-00022720-00022863 come back to you at the end
75s-M_caYwc-00115-00022864-00023039 and for everybody who is joining us and
75s-M_caYwc-00116-00023040-00023255 listening in today we hope you listen to
75s-M_caYwc-00117-00023256-00023503 the specific needs in the proposals
75s-M_caYwc-00118-00023504-00023639 in choosing which breakout session you
75s-M_caYwc-00119-00023640-00023839 will be attending and
75s-M_caYwc-00120-00023840-00024103 the breakout room as well as the period
75s-M_caYwc-00121-00024104-00024263 uh is found can be found in the last
75s-M_caYwc-00122-00024264-00024494 slide of each proposal
75s-M_caYwc-00123-00024495-00024799 okay so with that we would like to um
75s-M_caYwc-00124-00024800-00025167 jump into the very first um talk
75s-M_caYwc-00125-00025168-00025575 let's go okay and that is peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00126-00025576-00025750 pipeline for pre-print servers coming
75s-M_caYwc-00127-00025751-00025790 from
75s-M_caYwc-00128-00025791-00026039 joe wade okay great thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-00129-00026039-00026199 hopefully everybody can hear me oh do
75s-M_caYwc-00130-00026200-00026318 you mind jumping back sorry
75s-M_caYwc-00131-00026319-00026527 i have my everything's timed so it's
75s-M_caYwc-00132-00026527-00026655 going to animate itself through the
75s-M_caYwc-00133-00026656-00026743 slides
75s-M_caYwc-00134-00026744-00026983 thank you okay go ahead on to the next
75s-M_caYwc-00135-00026983-00027102 slide thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-00136-00027104-00027358 and so my idea is very simple uh when an
75s-M_caYwc-00137-00027360-00027439 author submits
75s-M_caYwc-00138-00027439-00027623 a paper to a preprint server i'm
75s-M_caYwc-00139-00027624-00027774 proposing that they also select the
75s-M_caYwc-00140-00027775-00027839 names of
75s-M_caYwc-00141-00027839-00028095 several possible editors the editor who
75s-M_caYwc-00142-00028095-00028199 then selects the paper
75s-M_caYwc-00143-00028200-00028374 would handle the review process they
75s-M_caYwc-00144-00028375-00028558 would identify potential peer reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00145-00028560-00028718 they would solicit those reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00146-00028719-00028951 and then submit those reviews back to
75s-M_caYwc-00147-00028952-00029079 the preprint server where they'd be
75s-M_caYwc-00148-00029080-00029207 posted alongside
75s-M_caYwc-00149-00029208-00029446 the preprint itself and the authors
75s-M_caYwc-00150-00029447-00029599 would also have the opportunity to take
75s-M_caYwc-00151-00029600-00029783 those reviews if they wanted to to a
75s-M_caYwc-00152-00029783-00029943 journal if the journal would be
75s-M_caYwc-00153-00029944-00030102 interested in doing that
75s-M_caYwc-00154-00030103-00030223 and the whole process would be
75s-M_caYwc-00155-00030224-00030455 facilitated by either an external
75s-M_caYwc-00156-00030456-00030631 website or perhaps even something built
75s-M_caYwc-00157-00030632-00030751 into the existing
75s-M_caYwc-00158-00030752-00031070 pre-print service themselves uh next
75s-M_caYwc-00159-00031072-00031295 slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00160-00031295-00031502 so how is this different to things like
75s-M_caYwc-00161-00031503-00031687 review comments and pci that already
75s-M_caYwc-00162-00031688-00031814 exists i think there are three really
75s-M_caYwc-00163-00031816-00031990 important differences firstly this is
75s-M_caYwc-00164-00031991-00032055 entirely
75s-M_caYwc-00165-00032056-00032207 community driven there are no third
75s-M_caYwc-00166-00032208-00032439 parties no professional editors
75s-M_caYwc-00167-00032439-00032711 the authors the editors the reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00168-00032712-00032758 those are
75s-M_caYwc-00169-00032760-00032959 all active researchers and so this is
75s-M_caYwc-00170-00032960-00033111 entirely driven by people within the
75s-M_caYwc-00171-00033112-00033262 research community
75s-M_caYwc-00172-00033263-00033479 secondly it's a familiar process i think
75s-M_caYwc-00173-00033480-00033718 familiarity is really important and lack
75s-M_caYwc-00174-00033719-00033807 of familiarity
75s-M_caYwc-00175-00033808-00034087 is often a real barrier to adoption of
75s-M_caYwc-00176-00034088-00034143 these
75s-M_caYwc-00177-00034144-00034343 types of things and so in this case if
75s-M_caYwc-00178-00034344-00034471 you're a reviewer you're going to
75s-M_caYwc-00179-00034472-00034646 receive an email
75s-M_caYwc-00180-00034647-00034871 from an editor a name that you recognize
75s-M_caYwc-00181-00034872-00035015 just as you would if you were reviewing
75s-M_caYwc-00182-00035016-00035167 a paper for a journal
75s-M_caYwc-00183-00035168-00035318 and then finally everything happens at
75s-M_caYwc-00184-00035319-00035487 the same time i think having to do
75s-M_caYwc-00185-00035488-00035662 multiple things separately is also a
75s-M_caYwc-00186-00035663-00035767 significant barrier
75s-M_caYwc-00187-00035768-00035918 but in what i'm proposing everything
75s-M_caYwc-00188-00035919-00036167 goes through the submission process
75s-M_caYwc-00189-00036168-00036295 when you submit your paper to the
75s-M_caYwc-00190-00036296-00036511 preprint server all an author has to do
75s-M_caYwc-00191-00036512-00036679 is to identify the names of several
75s-M_caYwc-00192-00036680-00036895 potential editors
75s-M_caYwc-00193-00036896-00037159 so will this work i think it already has
75s-M_caYwc-00194-00037160-00037318 in the sense that earlier this year my
75s-M_caYwc-00195-00037319-00037518 group published a paper on bioarchive
75s-M_caYwc-00196-00037519-00037615 and while we didn't have an
75s-M_caYwc-00197-00037616-00037783 automated system to do this we
75s-M_caYwc-00198-00037784-00037935 essentially went through this process
75s-M_caYwc-00199-00037936-00038111 identifying an editor the editor
75s-M_caYwc-00200-00038112-00038295 solicited reviews and those reviews and
75s-M_caYwc-00201-00038296-00038399 our responses
75s-M_caYwc-00202-00038400-00038639 are now posted on the preprint server
75s-M_caYwc-00203-00038640-00038743 next to the paper
75s-M_caYwc-00204-00038744-00038935 and i'll end this slide by saying i
75s-M_caYwc-00205-00038936-00039087 found a lot of the ideas that i came up
75s-M_caYwc-00206-00039088-00039151 with here
75s-M_caYwc-00207-00039152-00039407 have of similarities to the peer
75s-M_caYwc-00208-00039408-00039630 feedback post that's on the ascp by a
75s-M_caYwc-00209-00039631-00039743 website i encourage you
75s-M_caYwc-00210-00039744-00039855 to click on the link that's in the
75s-M_caYwc-00211-00039856-00040039 slides that will take you to that next
75s-M_caYwc-00212-00040040-00040407 slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00213-00040408-00040646 so to end what do we need well very
75s-M_caYwc-00214-00040647-00040727 simply we need
75s-M_caYwc-00215-00040728-00040951 a web-based portal to facilitate this
75s-M_caYwc-00216-00040952-00041102 and we need buy-in from the pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-00217-00041103-00041302 sites we need to be able to have the
75s-M_caYwc-00218-00041303-00041599 um review process be linked through as
75s-M_caYwc-00219-00041600-00041758 you submit your paper to the pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-00220-00041759-00041807 site
75s-M_caYwc-00221-00041808-00042071 and we need buy-in from journals to take
75s-M_caYwc-00222-00042072-00042287 those reviews as they do already for
75s-M_caYwc-00223-00042288-00042430 certain review services
75s-M_caYwc-00224-00042431-00042607 rather than getting their own reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00225-00042608-00043415 and i'll end it there thank you
75s-M_caYwc-00226-00043416-00043607 perfect timing thank you for that and
75s-M_caYwc-00227-00043608-00043751 next we have harnessing cross
75s-M_caYwc-00228-00043752-00043935 institutional journal clubs to assess
75s-M_caYwc-00229-00043936-00044127 and review pre-prints
75s-M_caYwc-00230-00044128-00044495 okay thank you for the introduction yes
75s-M_caYwc-00231-00044496-00044783 um hi my name is felix i am a speeches
75s-M_caYwc-00232-00044784-00044958 union officer and together with nikolas
75s-M_caYwc-00233-00044959-00045023 uh
75s-M_caYwc-00234-00045024-00045239 we kind of like came up with this idea
75s-M_caYwc-00235-00045240-00045335 of using
75s-M_caYwc-00236-00045336-00045583 uh journal clubs in order to uh look a
75s-M_caYwc-00237-00045584-00045687 bit closer at
75s-M_caYwc-00238-00045688-00045943 um while reviewing preprints can you
75s-M_caYwc-00239-00045944-00046071 click to the next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00240-00046072-00046255 so basically where this all comes from
75s-M_caYwc-00241-00046256-00046399 please speak further
75s-M_caYwc-00242-00046400-00046607 it's a bit of animation um where this
75s-M_caYwc-00243-00046608-00046735 all is coming from is actually from the
75s-M_caYwc-00244-00046736-00046790 covet
75s-M_caYwc-00245-00046791-00047015 uh pandemic really where we both
75s-M_caYwc-00246-00047016-00047143 individually at that point
75s-M_caYwc-00247-00047144-00047390 uh identified in our research institutes
75s-M_caYwc-00248-00047391-00047479 that
75s-M_caYwc-00249-00047480-00047679 um we can actually use our journal clubs
75s-M_caYwc-00250-00047680-00047862 very efficiently to kind of like
75s-M_caYwc-00251-00047863-00048111 screen and review a large chunk of sort
75s-M_caYwc-00252-00048112-00048286 of like pre-prints that is out there
75s-M_caYwc-00253-00048287-00048486 on different types of pre-print servers
75s-M_caYwc-00254-00048487-00048718 especially since it was an over-flooding
75s-M_caYwc-00255-00048719-00048902 of information at this particular point
75s-M_caYwc-00256-00048903-00049127 of time please click to the next
75s-M_caYwc-00257-00049128-00049335 um and so for us really we want to kind
75s-M_caYwc-00258-00049336-00049495 of like our goal is to use the
75s-M_caYwc-00259-00049496-00049623 omnipresence of
75s-M_caYwc-00260-00049624-00049799 uh journal clubs at different research
75s-M_caYwc-00261-00049800-00049974 institutes in order to promote uh the
75s-M_caYwc-00262-00049975-00050127 reviewing and also the training
75s-M_caYwc-00263-00050128-00050255 opportunities for early career
75s-M_caYwc-00264-00050256-00050351 researchers
75s-M_caYwc-00265-00050352-00050511 and we both haven't made this experience
75s-M_caYwc-00266-00050512-00050671 that in collaboration with such as
75s-M_caYwc-00267-00050672-00050823 established publishers such as
75s-M_caYwc-00268-00050824-00051015 nature reviews immunology that we can
75s-M_caYwc-00269-00051016-00051151 really make an
75s-M_caYwc-00270-00051152-00051399 impact so please click to the next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00271-00051400-00051630 um when we announce wait more
75s-M_caYwc-00272-00051632-00051775 practically we're going to have a first
75s-M_caYwc-00273-00051776-00052046 step please click um
75s-M_caYwc-00274-00052047-00052166 where we have a screening process in
75s-M_caYwc-00275-00052167-00052366 which basically the top uh
75s-M_caYwc-00276-00052367-00052542 the presenters are picking several top
75s-M_caYwc-00277-00052544-00052703 candidates of preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00278-00052704-00052926 that they can write reviews on and give
75s-M_caYwc-00279-00052927-00053103 this feedback directly back to preprint
75s-M_caYwc-00280-00053104-00053199 platforms
75s-M_caYwc-00281-00053200-00053487 next click please um we have uh the join
75s-M_caYwc-00282-00053488-00053638 journal club sessions in which
75s-M_caYwc-00283-00053639-00053791 the best pick of the presenter will be
75s-M_caYwc-00284-00053791-00053959 presented to um
75s-M_caYwc-00285-00053960-00054215 basically in this case our collaborating
75s-M_caYwc-00286-00054216-00054342 institute as well and we can have a
75s-M_caYwc-00287-00054344-00054454 broader discussion
75s-M_caYwc-00288-00054455-00054623 and really take in sort of like
75s-M_caYwc-00289-00054624-00054775 different expertises and kind of like
75s-M_caYwc-00290-00054776-00055007 look at this paper from different sides
75s-M_caYwc-00291-00055008-00055375 next piece um we um then gonna go and
75s-M_caYwc-00292-00055376-00055550 have the best picks which we then can
75s-M_caYwc-00293-00055551-00055703 also in order to increase sort of like
75s-M_caYwc-00294-00055704-00055919 the awareness about upcoming trends
75s-M_caYwc-00295-00055920-00056119 uh be able to highlight for instance in
75s-M_caYwc-00296-00056120-00056230 established journals such as the
75s-M_caYwc-00297-00056232-00056375 collaborations we have currently ongoing
75s-M_caYwc-00298-00056376-00056535 with nature reviews immunology
75s-M_caYwc-00299-00056536-00056750 but also with for instance our
75s-M_caYwc-00300-00056751-00056887 initiatives website
75s-M_caYwc-00301-00056888-00057207 and lastly um please click this can be
75s-M_caYwc-00302-00057208-00057382 really then also used as a
75s-M_caYwc-00303-00057383-00057591 blueprint for other journals clubs to
75s-M_caYwc-00304-00057591-00057703 encourage them to kind of like have
75s-M_caYwc-00305-00057704-00057759 these cross
75s-M_caYwc-00306-00057760-00058038 institutional um collaborations and when
75s-M_caYwc-00307-00058039-00058071 we
75s-M_caYwc-00308-00058072-00058223 close this now with the last slide
75s-M_caYwc-00309-00058224-00058454 please click um
75s-M_caYwc-00310-00058455-00058687 then we have a couple of things that we
75s-M_caYwc-00311-00058688-00058863 need for the success a we need to kind
75s-M_caYwc-00312-00058864-00058966 of like find
75s-M_caYwc-00313-00058967-00059279 good ways to screen for preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00314-00059279-00059438 preprints in our subject area which is
75s-M_caYwc-00315-00059439-00059582 very important
75s-M_caYwc-00316-00059583-00059775 we want to establish more collaborations
75s-M_caYwc-00317-00059776-00059950 with
75s-M_caYwc-00318-00059951-00060119 publishers as well in order to kind of
75s-M_caYwc-00319-00060120-00060326 like get these trends out
75s-M_caYwc-00320-00060327-00060463 and naturally we need the support from
75s-M_caYwc-00321-00060464-00060591 the research community particularly the
75s-M_caYwc-00322-00060591-00060766 faculty and lastly i want to just say
75s-M_caYwc-00323-00060767-00060926 naturally a costing factor comes into
75s-M_caYwc-00324-00060927-00061142 this and particularly for us important
75s-M_caYwc-00325-00061144-00061263 is the training for
75s-M_caYwc-00326-00061264-00061406 early careers researchers on how to
75s-M_caYwc-00327-00061407-00061671 critically assess scientific preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00328-00061672-00061966 thank you okay thank you for that um so
75s-M_caYwc-00329-00061967-00062054 next we have
75s-M_caYwc-00330-00062055-00062326 i o the academy portable tokens for open
75s-M_caYwc-00331-00062327-00062399 peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00332-00062400-00063326 from phil cohen and micah altman
75s-M_caYwc-00333-00063327-00063606 philip i think you're muted no i'm a
75s-M_caYwc-00334-00063607-00063679 meaner
75s-M_caYwc-00335-00063679-00063911 yep great thank you got it um thanks
75s-M_caYwc-00336-00063912-00063982 very much for
75s-M_caYwc-00337-00063983-00064191 inviting us thanks jessica and victoria
75s-M_caYwc-00338-00064191-00064326 um i the i o
75s-M_caYwc-00339-00064327-00064519 the academy portable tokens for open
75s-M_caYwc-00340-00064520-00064935 peer review next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00341-00064936-00065223 the problem we have is that reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00342-00065224-00065359 want to do reviews but they don't really
75s-M_caYwc-00343-00065360-00065535 want to work for elsevier and other
75s-M_caYwc-00344-00065536-00065663 publishers who are not mission
75s-M_caYwc-00345-00065664-00065863 compatible with them and then we have
75s-M_caYwc-00346-00065864-00066023 open science projects of various kinds
75s-M_caYwc-00347-00066024-00066191 that need reviewers to do for example
75s-M_caYwc-00348-00066192-00066335 new peer review models
75s-M_caYwc-00349-00066336-00066623 and so on and then we have authors who
75s-M_caYwc-00350-00066624-00066735 might want to participate
75s-M_caYwc-00351-00066736-00066959 in uh open science open review projects
75s-M_caYwc-00352-00066960-00067119 and so on but they also want their work
75s-M_caYwc-00353-00067120-00067263 to actually be seriously reviewed and
75s-M_caYwc-00354-00067264-00067319 they're
75s-M_caYwc-00355-00067320-00067463 um leery about submitting it to
75s-M_caYwc-00356-00067464-00067711 something that's brand new or startup or
75s-M_caYwc-00357-00067712-00067863 something that seems informal or that's
75s-M_caYwc-00358-00067864-00067975 not going to actually advance their
75s-M_caYwc-00359-00067976-00068071 careers
75s-M_caYwc-00360-00068072-00068294 um at the same time at the meta level
75s-M_caYwc-00361-00068295-00068463 what we need is to collect data on all
75s-M_caYwc-00362-00068464-00068494 these
75s-M_caYwc-00363-00068495-00068694 interventions that we have and allow
75s-M_caYwc-00364-00068695-00068838 people to do experiments and then
75s-M_caYwc-00365-00068839-00069047 analyze that so we can actually learn
75s-M_caYwc-00366-00069048-00069231 from what we're doing in a systematic
75s-M_caYwc-00367-00069232-00069735 way next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00368-00069736-00070215 next slide please thank you
75s-M_caYwc-00369-00070216-00070719 slide so um what we have in mind is a
75s-M_caYwc-00370-00070720-00071159 a backup one
75s-M_caYwc-00371-00071160-00071511 backup one up one slide previously
75s-M_caYwc-00372-00071512-00071694 thank you so we have is a system where
75s-M_caYwc-00373-00071695-00071919 reviewers submit tokens so they decide
75s-M_caYwc-00374-00071920-00072047 they want to do a review but they don't
75s-M_caYwc-00375-00072048-00072182 want to do it for elsevier so they chip
75s-M_caYwc-00376-00072183-00072350 in a token to this bank
75s-M_caYwc-00377-00072351-00072479 essentially which and that token
75s-M_caYwc-00378-00072480-00072655 includes metadata about them
75s-M_caYwc-00379-00072656-00072775 their fields of interest and what
75s-M_caYwc-00380-00072776-00072879 they're willing to review and what
75s-M_caYwc-00381-00072880-00073023 they're willing to participate in maybe
75s-M_caYwc-00382-00073024-00073215 in terms of experiments or whatever
75s-M_caYwc-00383-00073216-00073382 then open science projects that want to
75s-M_caYwc-00384-00073383-00073606 do new kinds of
75s-M_caYwc-00385-00073607-00073782 uh no problem jessica then then there
75s-M_caYwc-00386-00073783-00073967 are people who want to do
75s-M_caYwc-00387-00073968-00074167 new projects and they need reviewers to
75s-M_caYwc-00388-00074168-00074319 get their project off the ground
75s-M_caYwc-00389-00074320-00074535 so they can apply to the administrators
75s-M_caYwc-00390-00074536-00074638 of the bank and say
75s-M_caYwc-00391-00074639-00074791 i need 100 tokens of people who are
75s-M_caYwc-00392-00074792-00074999 willing to review in a certain field
75s-M_caYwc-00393-00075000-00075215 um then they can publicize the list of
75s-M_caYwc-00394-00075216-00075391 people who've
75s-M_caYwc-00395-00075392-00075582 volunteered to who've contributed tokens
75s-M_caYwc-00396-00075583-00075735 and say we've got a new project a new
75s-M_caYwc-00397-00075736-00075831 journal a new
75s-M_caYwc-00398-00075832-00076143 mode of doing uh this research of doing
75s-M_caYwc-00399-00076144-00076223 peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00400-00076224-00076359 and look at all the great people who are
75s-M_caYwc-00401-00076360-00076575 willing to be part of our project
75s-M_caYwc-00402-00076576-00076735 um uh and then all the time we're
75s-M_caYwc-00403-00076736-00077082 collecting underlying data last slide
75s-M_caYwc-00404-00077083-00077279 please
75s-M_caYwc-00405-00077280-00077647 so what we need to do what we need to do
75s-M_caYwc-00406-00077648-00077871 is uh write a white paper that explains
75s-M_caYwc-00407-00077872-00078079 um the demand and the need for this and
75s-M_caYwc-00408-00078080-00078191 how it's going to work we need to
75s-M_caYwc-00409-00078192-00078350 eventually develop a funding proposal
75s-M_caYwc-00410-00078351-00078503 maybe something we can do quickly is a
75s-M_caYwc-00411-00078504-00078687 mock-up that shows what it would
75s-M_caYwc-00412-00078688-00078823 actually look like for people submitting
75s-M_caYwc-00413-00078824-00078975 and using and banking tokens
75s-M_caYwc-00414-00078976-00079119 and then we need to drop agreements of
75s-M_caYwc-00415-00079120-00079247 what the commitments actually are for
75s-M_caYwc-00416-00079248-00079350 people who are
75s-M_caYwc-00417-00079351-00079550 um uh participating in the system thank
75s-M_caYwc-00418-00079551-00079999 you very much
75s-M_caYwc-00419-00080000-00080567 okay thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-00420-00080568-00080782 yeah hey thank you very much and i have
75s-M_caYwc-00421-00080783-00080975 early evidence based aggregating mining
75s-M_caYwc-00422-00080976-00081119 and rendering pre-print reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00423-00081120-00081423 from tomas lamberger's uh of ambo thank
75s-M_caYwc-00424-00081424-00081455 you
75s-M_caYwc-00425-00081456-00081735 i could read on your lips um okay thank
75s-M_caYwc-00426-00081736-00081918 you so this project
75s-M_caYwc-00427-00081919-00082255 um is about uh finding
75s-M_caYwc-00428-00082256-00082575 ways uh to add more value to
75s-M_caYwc-00429-00082576-00082799 to preprints by enhancing the the
75s-M_caYwc-00430-00082800-00082975 presentation and the utility of the
75s-M_caYwc-00431-00082976-00083143 reviews themselves
75s-M_caYwc-00432-00083144-00083326 and where so many uh at the call almost
75s-M_caYwc-00433-00083327-00083526 100 people here
75s-M_caYwc-00434-00083527-00083671 today because there are more and more
75s-M_caYwc-00435-00083672-00083894 services organizing peer review around
75s-M_caYwc-00436-00083895-00084111 preprints now this content is
75s-M_caYwc-00437-00084112-00084231 unfortunately rather
75s-M_caYwc-00438-00084232-00084518 disseminated dispersed and the first
75s-M_caYwc-00439-00084519-00084606 point is
75s-M_caYwc-00440-00084607-00084855 there is a need to aggregate this
75s-M_caYwc-00441-00084856-00085031 content to make it
75s-M_caYwc-00442-00085032-00085455 easier to browse and and to discover
75s-M_caYwc-00443-00085456-00085647 so this is the the first step now the
75s-M_caYwc-00444-00085648-00085847 second step which is maybe even
75s-M_caYwc-00445-00085848-00086206 more important is that uh
75s-M_caYwc-00446-00086207-00086423 this the the reviews that are associated
75s-M_caYwc-00447-00086424-00086591 with with preprint are
75s-M_caYwc-00448-00086592-00086806 are very important and good documents
75s-M_caYwc-00449-00086807-00086982 for readers they provide context and
75s-M_caYwc-00450-00086983-00087079 analyzes
75s-M_caYwc-00451-00087080-00087318 but we do not know how readers engage
75s-M_caYwc-00452-00087319-00087455 with these reports
75s-M_caYwc-00453-00087456-00087806 so what we propose is that we find what
75s-M_caYwc-00454-00087807-00088031 are the features that attract readers
75s-M_caYwc-00455-00088032-00088182 that are useful for their
75s-M_caYwc-00456-00088183-00088423 uh choice in on whether they they can
75s-M_caYwc-00457-00088424-00088575 read the paper they want to read the
75s-M_caYwc-00458-00088576-00088815 paper how they find them and so on
75s-M_caYwc-00459-00088816-00089103 um so this is one of the reason why we
75s-M_caYwc-00460-00089104-00089159 built
75s-M_caYwc-00461-00089160-00089350 the early evidence-based platform to
75s-M_caYwc-00462-00089351-00089479 experiment with
75s-M_caYwc-00463-00089480-00089662 display of reviews and and try to
75s-M_caYwc-00464-00089663-00089894 extract those features
75s-M_caYwc-00465-00089895-00090215 next slide and
75s-M_caYwc-00466-00090216-00090399 we think that by improving the display
75s-M_caYwc-00467-00090400-00090567 and exploiting really the content of the
75s-M_caYwc-00468-00090568-00090662 reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00469-00090663-00090926 um it will add value to the preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00470-00090927-00091182 and it will lead to to an increased
75s-M_caYwc-00471-00091183-00091399 author engagement the authors they need
75s-M_caYwc-00472-00091400-00091503 to know
75s-M_caYwc-00473-00091504-00091662 that by posting the refrain preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00474-00091663-00091791 and we know that by experience with
75s-M_caYwc-00475-00091792-00091894 review comments
75s-M_caYwc-00476-00091895-00092103 that these refrain preprints are more
75s-M_caYwc-00477-00092104-00092294 valuable more visible more useful than
75s-M_caYwc-00478-00092295-00092487 naked preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00479-00092488-00092711 on the side of the readers uh it will
75s-M_caYwc-00480-00092712-00092943 also increase engagement because it will
75s-M_caYwc-00481-00092944-00093071 help them to find
75s-M_caYwc-00482-00093072-00093438 and focus on more relevant relevant uh
75s-M_caYwc-00483-00093439-00093791 content and entrust the preprints so
75s-M_caYwc-00484-00093792-00094023 these two effects author engagement and
75s-M_caYwc-00485-00094024-00094150 and reader engagement
75s-M_caYwc-00486-00094151-00094406 will of course reinforce each other in
75s-M_caYwc-00487-00094407-00094615 the last slide
75s-M_caYwc-00488-00094616-00094871 what we want to do is a collaborative
75s-M_caYwc-00489-00094872-00094974 effort across
75s-M_caYwc-00490-00094975-00095143 the different pre-print reviewing
75s-M_caYwc-00491-00095144-00095423 services maybe print platforms to
75s-M_caYwc-00492-00095424-00095518 investigate
75s-M_caYwc-00493-00095519-00095750 uh through user service and user testing
75s-M_caYwc-00494-00095751-00095894 how users
75s-M_caYwc-00495-00095895-00096215 engage with the the the reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00496-00096216-00096374 and develop tools that extract these
75s-M_caYwc-00497-00096375-00096518 features to expose them
75s-M_caYwc-00498-00096519-00096750 and and experiment with the impact on
75s-M_caYwc-00499-00096751-00096879 early evidence based
75s-M_caYwc-00500-00096880-00097094 on other aggregating services and of
75s-M_caYwc-00501-00097095-00097206 course ideally
75s-M_caYwc-00502-00097207-00097759 on the platform themselves thank you
75s-M_caYwc-00503-00097760-00097967 okay thank you very much tomas so next
75s-M_caYwc-00504-00097968-00098118 we have building capacity for
75s-M_caYwc-00505-00098119-00098359 pre-peer review and curation in africa
75s-M_caYwc-00506-00098360-00098991 coming from joy olango
75s-M_caYwc-00507-00098992-00099606 hello everybody victoria can you see me
75s-M_caYwc-00508-00099607-00099838 okay hello everybody uh i'll be talking
75s-M_caYwc-00509-00099839-00100015 on behalf of africa archive
75s-M_caYwc-00510-00100016-00100311 and tcc africa uh tcc africa training
75s-M_caYwc-00511-00100312-00100447 center and communication is a center
75s-M_caYwc-00512-00100448-00100567 that supports
75s-M_caYwc-00513-00100568-00100735 uh researchers research institutes and
75s-M_caYwc-00514-00100736-00100903 governments in africa on how to improve
75s-M_caYwc-00515-00100904-00101062 their research output
75s-M_caYwc-00516-00101063-00101294 and increase their visibility and africa
75s-M_caYwc-00517-00101295-00101367 archive
75s-M_caYwc-00518-00101368-00101567 is africa's only pre-print and
75s-M_caYwc-00519-00101568-00101718 publishing repository
75s-M_caYwc-00520-00101719-00102199 next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00521-00102200-00102615 the next slide please so um
75s-M_caYwc-00522-00102616-00102958 next slide right so what we
75s-M_caYwc-00523-00102959-00103278 intend to do in in how to increase uh to
75s-M_caYwc-00524-00103279-00103463 encourage preprint and peer review and
75s-M_caYwc-00525-00103464-00103678 curation in the continent is through our
75s-M_caYwc-00526-00103679-00103958 our strengths that is capacity building
75s-M_caYwc-00527-00103959-00104071 and tech development
75s-M_caYwc-00528-00104072-00104215 through capacity building that is where
75s-M_caYwc-00529-00104216-00104382 we come in as a center training center
75s-M_caYwc-00530-00104383-00104486 in communication
75s-M_caYwc-00531-00104488-00104639 we'll be offering the research capacity
75s-M_caYwc-00532-00104640-00104878 support at researcher and institutional
75s-M_caYwc-00533-00104879-00105015 and also at governmental level
75s-M_caYwc-00534-00105016-00105239 especially when it comes to supporting
75s-M_caYwc-00535-00105240-00105334 in in
75s-M_caYwc-00536-00105335-00105615 in levels of policy but then at the same
75s-M_caYwc-00537-00105616-00105671 time
75s-M_caYwc-00538-00105672-00105863 what we are trying to show is the best
75s-M_caYwc-00539-00105864-00106054 best practice in peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00540-00106055-00106271 how peer the various types of peer
75s-M_caYwc-00541-00106272-00106415 review because that is actually a big
75s-M_caYwc-00542-00106416-00106534 challenge in the continent people are
75s-M_caYwc-00543-00106535-00106599 still not aware
75s-M_caYwc-00544-00106600-00106910 of of these processes and also on tech
75s-M_caYwc-00545-00106911-00107086 development what we're trying to do is
75s-M_caYwc-00546-00107088-00107134 that
75s-M_caYwc-00547-00107135-00107295 we are create we've created in
75s-M_caYwc-00548-00107296-00107502 partnerships with the
75s-M_caYwc-00549-00107503-00107758 with the with we've created partnerships
75s-M_caYwc-00550-00107759-00107902 with various partners
75s-M_caYwc-00551-00107903-00108151 such that this this platform can also
75s-M_caYwc-00552-00108152-00108263 help in increasing the research
75s-M_caYwc-00553-00108264-00108415 visibility of the output that is coming
75s-M_caYwc-00554-00108416-00108575 out of the continent so in partnership
75s-M_caYwc-00555-00108576-00108678 with fixture
75s-M_caYwc-00556-00108679-00109007 science open pub zenodo osf
75s-M_caYwc-00557-00109008-00109383 and osf as well so what needs to be done
75s-M_caYwc-00558-00109383-00109590 is also help in expertise in the
75s-M_caYwc-00559-00109591-00109766 increasing the digital workflows in the
75s-M_caYwc-00560-00109767-00109943 low connectivity settings within the
75s-M_caYwc-00561-00109944-00110054 continent as well
75s-M_caYwc-00562-00110055-00110575 next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00563-00110576-00110871 so our action plan is to increase
75s-M_caYwc-00564-00110872-00111063 pre-print review and curation how do we
75s-M_caYwc-00565-00111064-00111199 intend to do this
75s-M_caYwc-00566-00111200-00111399 we intend to build a community of over
75s-M_caYwc-00567-00111400-00111502 200
75s-M_caYwc-00568-00111503-00111695 reviewers that have signed up to our
75s-M_caYwc-00569-00111696-00111815 list and this
75s-M_caYwc-00570-00111816-00112007 we've done in collaboration with our
75s-M_caYwc-00571-00112008-00112134 partners and
75s-M_caYwc-00572-00112135-00112447 also training in best in best review
75s-M_caYwc-00573-00112448-00112615 practices according to the established
75s-M_caYwc-00574-00112616-00112727 standards
75s-M_caYwc-00575-00112728-00112999 which are inc which include and have an
75s-M_caYwc-00576-00113000-00113134 africa-centric
75s-M_caYwc-00577-00113135-00113383 uh context which is always actually a
75s-M_caYwc-00578-00113383-00113519 big problem bearing in mind the
75s-M_caYwc-00579-00113520-00113702 complexity of the continent
75s-M_caYwc-00580-00113703-00113951 and also creating a review model to a
75s-M_caYwc-00581-00113952-00114086 module to allow
75s-M_caYwc-00582-00114088-00114295 the cohort to establish peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00583-00114296-00114478 workflows that are adopted
75s-M_caYwc-00584-00114479-00114695 within an african context from a
75s-M_caYwc-00585-00114696-00114871 technical and a cultural bit when you're
75s-M_caYwc-00586-00114872-00115015 looking at a technical bit we have been
75s-M_caYwc-00587-00115016-00115231 cognizant of the fact that it has some
75s-M_caYwc-00588-00115232-00115358 the continent has some challenges
75s-M_caYwc-00589-00115359-00115510 especially when it comes to connectivity
75s-M_caYwc-00590-00115511-00115671 and also infrastructure support
75s-M_caYwc-00591-00115672-00115815 so some of the regional partners we are
75s-M_caYwc-00592-00115816-00115999 what regional and international partners
75s-M_caYwc-00593-00116000-00116166 we are working with in helping
75s-M_caYwc-00594-00116167-00116383 in reaching this goal of 200 reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00595-00116383-00116495 includes
75s-M_caYwc-00596-00116496-00116866 uh the confederation of open access
75s-M_caYwc-00597-00116867-00117295 repositories signs open this
75s-M_caYwc-00598-00117296-00117615 center for open size pre-review lipsense
75s-M_caYwc-00599-00117616-00117990 african journals online and okay
75s-M_caYwc-00600-00117991-00118310 okay next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00601-00118311-00118702 the next slide so what do we have
75s-M_caYwc-00602-00118703-00118958 at the moment what we have is our
75s-M_caYwc-00603-00118959-00119071 strength right now
75s-M_caYwc-00604-00119072-00119431 is the fact that we've managed to create
75s-M_caYwc-00605-00119432-00119639 partnerships that have helped in
75s-M_caYwc-00606-00119640-00119775 establishing
75s-M_caYwc-00607-00119776-00120071 uh digital scholarly workflows within at
75s-M_caYwc-00608-00120072-00120207 the african context so we've
75s-M_caYwc-00609-00120208-00120390 successfully managed to do that as i've
75s-M_caYwc-00610-00120391-00120551 shared in the previous slide
75s-M_caYwc-00611-00120552-00120758 and through this we want to we have
75s-M_caYwc-00612-00120759-00120927 successfully managed to connect existing
75s-M_caYwc-00613-00120928-00120966 people
75s-M_caYwc-00614-00120967-00121223 submissions uh submission photos with
75s-M_caYwc-00615-00121224-00121399 rapid peer review workflows
75s-M_caYwc-00616-00121400-00121663 with our service providers so what do we
75s-M_caYwc-00617-00121664-00121758 need
75s-M_caYwc-00618-00121759-00122047 uh we need the funding to support the
75s-M_caYwc-00619-00122048-00122143 human resource
75s-M_caYwc-00620-00122144-00122375 tech development to ensure and provide
75s-M_caYwc-00621-00122376-00122558 for interoperability of the service
75s-M_caYwc-00622-00122559-00122671 providers
75s-M_caYwc-00623-00122672-00122943 to expand on our existing partnerships
75s-M_caYwc-00624-00122944-00122983 and
75s-M_caYwc-00625-00122983-00123207 being cognizant of the fact that uh some
75s-M_caYwc-00626-00123208-00123390 of the infrastructural capacity supports
75s-M_caYwc-00627-00123391-00123534 and the internet connectivity in the
75s-M_caYwc-00628-00123535-00123607 region is
75s-M_caYwc-00629-00123608-00123799 a bit patchy we'll need the funding to
75s-M_caYwc-00630-00123800-00123983 support the internet connectivity
75s-M_caYwc-00631-00123983-00124151 tech and capacity and continuous
75s-M_caYwc-00632-00124152-00124375 capacity building of our activities
75s-M_caYwc-00633-00124376-00124686 thank you so much okay thank you very
75s-M_caYwc-00634-00124688-00124734 much
75s-M_caYwc-00635-00124735-00124927 next we have open post publication peer
75s-M_caYwc-00636-00124928-00125151 review from victor venema
75s-M_caYwc-00637-00125152-00125358 hello my name is victor feynman hope
75s-M_caYwc-00638-00125359-00125543 everyone can hear me
75s-M_caYwc-00639-00125544-00125751 i am working on open post publication
75s-M_caYwc-00640-00125752-00125895 peer review system
75s-M_caYwc-00641-00125896-00126190 which i call grassroots review journals
75s-M_caYwc-00642-00126191-00126647 next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00643-00126648-00126878 so the main idea of this is to break the
75s-M_caYwc-00644-00126879-00127071 power of the publishers
75s-M_caYwc-00645-00127072-00127334 and their power stems i think from how
75s-M_caYwc-00646-00127335-00127543 the impact factor of the journals where
75s-M_caYwc-00647-00127544-00127663 you publish
75s-M_caYwc-00648-00127664-00127934 impact scientific careers so we do not
75s-M_caYwc-00649-00127935-00127999 only need to
75s-M_caYwc-00650-00128000-00128239 review preprint which is the topic today
75s-M_caYwc-00651-00128240-00128439 but we really also need to
75s-M_caYwc-00652-00128440-00128814 review everything so also the articles
75s-M_caYwc-00653-00128815-00129014 it is also not enough just to have a
75s-M_caYwc-00654-00129015-00129199 overlay journal
75s-M_caYwc-00655-00129200-00129463 because like in the normal review system
75s-M_caYwc-00656-00129464-00129639 we need those different
75s-M_caYwc-00657-00129640-00129927 uh quality levels so you would at least
75s-M_caYwc-00658-00129928-00130102 need multiple overlay
75s-M_caYwc-00659-00130103-00130407 journals my solution is to simply make
75s-M_caYwc-00660-00130408-00130719 a quantitative quality assessment so
75s-M_caYwc-00661-00130720-00130919 that multiple quality levels can be in
75s-M_caYwc-00662-00130920-00130958 one
75s-M_caYwc-00663-00130959-00131302 on the review journal
75s-M_caYwc-00664-00131303-00131471 to make sure that people are willing to
75s-M_caYwc-00665-00131472-00131631 do this work
75s-M_caYwc-00666-00131632-00131839 in the beginning it will be more work i
75s-M_caYwc-00667-00131840-00131975 think it would help scientific
75s-M_caYwc-00668-00131976-00132143 communities because these reviews are
75s-M_caYwc-00669-00132144-00132287 more informative
75s-M_caYwc-00670-00132288-00132519 because they are post publication they
75s-M_caYwc-00671-00132520-00132623 are up to date
75s-M_caYwc-00672-00132624-00132759 and they are made at the moment when a
75s-M_caYwc-00673-00132760-00132943 study is better understood
75s-M_caYwc-00674-00132944-00133231 also the open peer review records help a
75s-M_caYwc-00675-00133232-00133527 reader understand
75s-M_caYwc-00676-00133528-00133887 the the reviews so that make the review
75s-M_caYwc-00677-00133888-00134102 more valuable
75s-M_caYwc-00678-00134103-00134311 what also helps in i hope in enticing
75s-M_caYwc-00679-00134312-00134439 people to participate
75s-M_caYwc-00680-00134440-00134631 is that it's not just about reviewing
75s-M_caYwc-00681-00134632-00134839 but it's about building communities
75s-M_caYwc-00682-00134840-00135166 also having community communication
75s-M_caYwc-00683-00135167-00135423 tools for these communities uh
75s-M_caYwc-00684-00135424-00135639 information on conferences
75s-M_caYwc-00685-00135640-00135902 all those kind of things and if you in
75s-M_caYwc-00686-00135903-00136014 this way separate
75s-M_caYwc-00687-00136015-00136239 the post publication quality assessment
75s-M_caYwc-00688-00136240-00136463 from the pre-publication peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00689-00136464-00136678 it really the pre-publication period you
75s-M_caYwc-00690-00136679-00137087 become simply friendly feedback
75s-M_caYwc-00691-00137088-00137431 next slide um
75s-M_caYwc-00692-00137432-00137751 so this peer review system i already
75s-M_caYwc-00693-00137752-00138071 made a relatively simple version simply
75s-M_caYwc-00694-00138072-00138271 as a voice piece of blog post
75s-M_caYwc-00695-00138272-00139343 um on on the homepage browser
75s-M_caYwc-00696-00139344-00139511 oh victor we couldn't hear you for the
75s-M_caYwc-00697-00139512-00139695 last couple of seconds
75s-M_caYwc-00698-00139696-00140102 can you hear us
75s-M_caYwc-00699-00140103-00140263 it's like you're not muted but the audio
75s-M_caYwc-00700-00140264-00140447 seems to be cut out
75s-M_caYwc-00701-00140448-00140799 yeah um okay so we can
75s-M_caYwc-00702-00140800-00141095 uh offer to come back later is that yeah
75s-M_caYwc-00703-00141096-00141483 okay
75s-M_caYwc-00704-00141484-00141687 okay
75s-M_caYwc-00705-00141688-00142014 perhaps i can also write to him directly
75s-M_caYwc-00706-00142015-00142190 that would be great um maybe we can
75s-M_caYwc-00707-00142191-00142351 return at the end of the
75s-M_caYwc-00708-00142352-00142911 session
75s-M_caYwc-00709-00142912-00143151 so next we have a presentation from
75s-M_caYwc-00710-00143152-00143223 pre-review
75s-M_caYwc-00711-00143224-00143423 transforming peer review uh through
75s-M_caYwc-00712-00143424-00143639 mentorship and community engagement
75s-M_caYwc-00713-00143640-00143871 thanks jessica so first i want to share
75s-M_caYwc-00714-00143872-00144039 how excited we are to be part of this
75s-M_caYwc-00715-00144040-00144263 sprint and thank you setbio for bringing
75s-M_caYwc-00716-00144264-00144447 us all together to collaborate
75s-M_caYwc-00717-00144448-00144678 and so pre-review is an open project
75s-M_caYwc-00718-00144679-00144863 aimed at diversifying the pool of peer
75s-M_caYwc-00719-00144864-00144966 reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00720-00144967-00145159 we train empower and support early
75s-M_caYwc-00721-00145160-00145326 career researchers in their journey to
75s-M_caYwc-00722-00145327-00145551 becoming constructive peer reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00723-00145552-00145790 using an approach that centres equity
75s-M_caYwc-00724-00145791-00146031 openness and collaboration
75s-M_caYwc-00725-00146032-00146287 from day one we shed our ideas openly so
75s-M_caYwc-00726-00146288-00146399 that we can contribute
75s-M_caYwc-00727-00146400-00146663 even in a small way to a greater good
75s-M_caYwc-00728-00146664-00146814 that being the accessibility of
75s-M_caYwc-00729-00146815-00147014 scientific research and who gets to play
75s-M_caYwc-00730-00147015-00147207 a part in its evaluation
75s-M_caYwc-00731-00147208-00147607 next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00732-00147608-00147831 and so far we have invested in building
75s-M_caYwc-00733-00147832-00148007 technical infrastructure to support and
75s-M_caYwc-00734-00148008-00148175 incentivize pre-print review
75s-M_caYwc-00735-00148176-00148351 but we know that technology alone does
75s-M_caYwc-00736-00148352-00148471 not address the bigger issue of
75s-M_caYwc-00737-00148472-00148631 community engagement
75s-M_caYwc-00738-00148632-00148775 in other words we need to invest in
75s-M_caYwc-00739-00148776-00148983 community infrastructure
75s-M_caYwc-00740-00148984-00149151 to address this we have developed two
75s-M_caYwc-00741-00149152-00149311 open projects one
75s-M_caYwc-00742-00149312-00149478 our open reviewers program which
75s-M_caYwc-00743-00149479-00149647 provides peer review training
75s-M_caYwc-00744-00149648-00149831 and gives an overview of how systems of
75s-M_caYwc-00745-00149832-00150023 oppression manifest in the peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00746-00150024-00150143 process
75s-M_caYwc-00747-00150144-00150366 and two our livestream frequent journal
75s-M_caYwc-00748-00150367-00150526 clubs which encourage collaborative and
75s-M_caYwc-00749-00150527-00150726 globally accessible discussions around
75s-M_caYwc-00750-00150727-00150831 preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00751-00150832-00151007 our platform provides a home for the
75s-M_caYwc-00752-00151008-00151175 outputs of these programs
75s-M_caYwc-00753-00151176-00151543 next slide there are many barriers to
75s-M_caYwc-00754-00151544-00151719 diversifying the peer review pool
75s-M_caYwc-00755-00151720-00151887 including a lack of opportunities for
75s-M_caYwc-00756-00151888-00152047 peer review and equity training
75s-M_caYwc-00757-00152048-00152271 support and acknowledgement and also a
75s-M_caYwc-00758-00152272-00152454 lack of connection between new reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00759-00152455-00152535 and editors
75s-M_caYwc-00760-00152536-00152766 on a level that builds trust through
75s-M_caYwc-00761-00152767-00152951 mentorship and community engagement we
75s-M_caYwc-00762-00152952-00153087 propose two new ways
75s-M_caYwc-00763-00153088-00153343 to address these barriers for the open
75s-M_caYwc-00764-00153344-00153526 reviewers program we propose to develop
75s-M_caYwc-00765-00153527-00153671 adaptable resources
75s-M_caYwc-00766-00153672-00153814 to support the running of globally
75s-M_caYwc-00767-00153815-00153983 inclusive and
75s-M_caYwc-00768-00153984-00154247 racially diverse cohort based programs
75s-M_caYwc-00769-00154248-00154399 that train and connect reviewers with
75s-M_caYwc-00770-00154400-00154535 editors
75s-M_caYwc-00771-00154536-00154751 we also propose to develop adaptable
75s-M_caYwc-00772-00154752-00154847 resources
75s-M_caYwc-00773-00154848-00155014 to help groups facilitate their own
75s-M_caYwc-00774-00155015-00155214 livestream free print journal clubs
75s-M_caYwc-00775-00155215-00155366 in a way that encourages inclusive
75s-M_caYwc-00776-00155367-00155711 design and participation
75s-M_caYwc-00777-00155712-00155895 although our aim is to revolutionize how
75s-M_caYwc-00778-00155896-00156039 we discuss science
75s-M_caYwc-00779-00156040-00156302 and who is acknowledged as an expert we
75s-M_caYwc-00780-00156303-00156463 recognize that there is also the risk of
75s-M_caYwc-00781-00156464-00156647 reproducing the same biases and
75s-M_caYwc-00782-00156648-00156790 oppressive structures
75s-M_caYwc-00783-00156791-00156959 that we've seen scholarly publishing in
75s-M_caYwc-00784-00156960-00157190 the society at large
75s-M_caYwc-00785-00157191-00157359 help us make sure we don't reproduce
75s-M_caYwc-00786-00157360-00157511 these same inequalities that have
75s-M_caYwc-00787-00157512-00157735 dominated scholarship for centuries
75s-M_caYwc-00788-00157736-00158175 in the name of openness next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00789-00158176-00158326 we have lots of questions and i'm sure
75s-M_caYwc-00790-00158327-00158471 there are many more that you can help us
75s-M_caYwc-00791-00158472-00158535 explore
75s-M_caYwc-00792-00158536-00158663 so we hope that you'll join us in
75s-M_caYwc-00793-00158664-00158902 breakout session c room two
75s-M_caYwc-00794-00158903-00159039 so that we can work together to
75s-M_caYwc-00795-00159040-00159207 transform the peer review process
75s-M_caYwc-00796-00159208-00159575 in a way that works for us all thank you
75s-M_caYwc-00797-00159576-00159759 great thank you very much uh next we
75s-M_caYwc-00798-00159760-00159943 have enfold research from dragon or
75s-M_caYwc-00799-00159944-00160166 kenobi
75s-M_caYwc-00800-00160167-00160407 hello everyone uh thank thanks for
75s-M_caYwc-00801-00160408-00160495 organizing
75s-M_caYwc-00802-00160496-00160871 for organizing this okay next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00803-00160872-00161054 so basically to understand the problem
75s-M_caYwc-00804-00161055-00161263 uh we need to see what
75s-M_caYwc-00805-00161264-00161454 needs to happen to incentivize people to
75s-M_caYwc-00806-00161455-00161575 achieve the goals that we
75s-M_caYwc-00807-00161576-00161790 want and uh for example progressing
75s-M_caYwc-00808-00161791-00162007 science and so we need to define what
75s-M_caYwc-00809-00162008-00162078 the goals are
75s-M_caYwc-00810-00162079-00162263 so we probably we need need to define
75s-M_caYwc-00811-00162264-00162423 some kind of uh
75s-M_caYwc-00812-00162424-00162702 metrics that they will be optimizing for
75s-M_caYwc-00813-00162703-00162735 and
75s-M_caYwc-00814-00162736-00162871 we need to also provide some kind of
75s-M_caYwc-00815-00162872-00163031 motivation for them to really invest
75s-M_caYwc-00816-00163032-00163095 their time
75s-M_caYwc-00817-00163096-00163375 and effort into that and probably we
75s-M_caYwc-00818-00163376-00163407 will
75s-M_caYwc-00819-00163408-00163671 uh use the money to incentivize them
75s-M_caYwc-00820-00163672-00163743 because uh
75s-M_caYwc-00821-00163744-00163959 it's the most common and most universal
75s-M_caYwc-00822-00163960-00164071 uh way to
75s-M_caYwc-00823-00164072-00164343 as a most universal reward and there's
75s-M_caYwc-00824-00164344-00164463 nothing wrong with it
75s-M_caYwc-00825-00164464-00164590 and so when we take a look at the
75s-M_caYwc-00826-00164591-00164783 current status of academia and we see
75s-M_caYwc-00827-00164784-00164966 the metrics such as a genetics
75s-M_caYwc-00828-00164967-00165126 we basically very quickly come to a
75s-M_caYwc-00829-00165127-00165311 conclusion that uh
75s-M_caYwc-00830-00165312-00165495 some of the worst habits and practices
75s-M_caYwc-00831-00165496-00165638 in academia uh
75s-M_caYwc-00832-00165639-00165863 stem from the way those metrics are
75s-M_caYwc-00833-00165864-00166087 defined and the views and obvious
75s-M_caYwc-00834-00166088-00166463 and uh we are proposing to actually uh
75s-M_caYwc-00835-00166464-00166735 create a new set of metrics and so for
75s-M_caYwc-00836-00166736-00166831 that we are building
75s-M_caYwc-00837-00166832-00167047 a community-driven publishing platform
75s-M_caYwc-00838-00167048-00167214 with points based mechanics where
75s-M_caYwc-00839-00167215-00167471 all the content can be uh voted on and
75s-M_caYwc-00840-00167472-00167551 so it can be
75s-M_caYwc-00841-00167552-00167766 uploaded and downloaded and basically
75s-M_caYwc-00842-00167767-00167943 the authors of that content will
75s-M_caYwc-00843-00167944-00168207 either earn or lose points based on that
75s-M_caYwc-00844-00168208-00168263 and with
75s-M_caYwc-00845-00168264-00168414 more comprehensive and more detailed
75s-M_caYwc-00846-00168415-00168575 metrics such as that that should really
75s-M_caYwc-00847-00168576-00168735 incentivize the collaboration
75s-M_caYwc-00848-00168736-00169102 uh and uh just knowledge sharing
75s-M_caYwc-00849-00169103-00169407 and also with the votes mechanics
75s-M_caYwc-00850-00169408-00169631 the curation is enabled by default uh
75s-M_caYwc-00851-00169632-00169759 because you can simply
75s-M_caYwc-00852-00169760-00169959 uh filter and rank the content based on
75s-M_caYwc-00853-00169960-00170063 the points
75s-M_caYwc-00854-00170064-00170278 and we actually think that uh with more
75s-M_caYwc-00855-00170279-00170431 comprehensive and detailed metrics such
75s-M_caYwc-00856-00170432-00170478 as that
75s-M_caYwc-00857-00170479-00170783 uh we'll be able to uh sorry next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00858-00170784-00171119 uh we'll be able to uh also distribute
75s-M_caYwc-00859-00171120-00171287 the resources more fairly
75s-M_caYwc-00860-00171288-00171614 and uh to streamline the entire process
75s-M_caYwc-00861-00171615-00171935 and uh next slide
75s-M_caYwc-00862-00171936-00172190 uh and so the project is currently
75s-M_caYwc-00863-00172191-00172254 ongoing
75s-M_caYwc-00864-00172255-00172551 and it's building a core platform with
75s-M_caYwc-00865-00172552-00172702 other tools and services
75s-M_caYwc-00866-00172703-00173007 uh upcoming later and we're
75s-M_caYwc-00867-00173008-00173238 in need of funding to actually hire
75s-M_caYwc-00868-00173239-00173471 people to achieve
75s-M_caYwc-00869-00173472-00173814 certain status of self-sustainability
75s-M_caYwc-00870-00173815-00173990 and we have a very solid business
75s-M_caYwc-00871-00173991-00174263 strategy how to expand and acquire users
75s-M_caYwc-00872-00174264-00174535 and just stop this project from failing
75s-M_caYwc-00873-00174536-00174638 by default
75s-M_caYwc-00874-00174639-00175031 thank you okay thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-00875-00175032-00175199 now we have the next project which is
75s-M_caYwc-00876-00175200-00175407 crowdpier and the presenter is lewis
75s-M_caYwc-00877-00175408-00175631 fisher
75s-M_caYwc-00878-00175632-00175895 hi everyone my name is louis i'm the
75s-M_caYwc-00879-00175896-00175975 co-founder of
75s-M_caYwc-00880-00175976-00176431 crop here next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00881-00176432-00176735 carpe is a platform for the open review
75s-M_caYwc-00882-00176736-00176854 of preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00883-00176855-00177014 and this is open in the sense that
75s-M_caYwc-00884-00177015-00177183 anyone from the wider community can
75s-M_caYwc-00885-00177184-00177287 contribute
75s-M_caYwc-00886-00177288-00177454 the identities of reviewers that remain
75s-M_caYwc-00887-00177455-00177775 open and the comments made are open
75s-M_caYwc-00888-00177776-00177943 briefly what we do is we index papers
75s-M_caYwc-00889-00177944-00178126 from existing preprint servers
75s-M_caYwc-00890-00178127-00178319 and then on the crabria platform we have
75s-M_caYwc-00891-00178320-00178438 a purpose built environments for
75s-M_caYwc-00892-00178439-00178559 commentary
75s-M_caYwc-00893-00178560-00178711 where reviewers can engage with each
75s-M_caYwc-00894-00178712-00178919 other and use a voting system to
75s-M_caYwc-00895-00178920-00179014 highlight the most important
75s-M_caYwc-00896-00179015-00179238 contributions that are made
75s-M_caYwc-00897-00179239-00179407 we recognize that pre-print video needs
75s-M_caYwc-00898-00179408-00179623 to be a two-way street so
75s-M_caYwc-00899-00179624-00179838 our final step is to extract value from
75s-M_caYwc-00900-00179839-00179990 the comments made
75s-M_caYwc-00901-00179991-00180151 firstly for the authors in terms of
75s-M_caYwc-00902-00180152-00180399 feedback uh for reviewers by using the
75s-M_caYwc-00903-00180400-00180559 voting system to allow them to build a
75s-M_caYwc-00904-00180560-00180678 reputation
75s-M_caYwc-00905-00180679-00180895 and then for the pre-print ecosystem the
75s-M_caYwc-00906-00180896-00181095 comments can be used to provide a filter
75s-M_caYwc-00907-00181096-00181663 a pre-print quality uh next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00908-00181664-00181831 so how do we think this will improve
75s-M_caYwc-00909-00181832-00182071 pre-print review and curation
75s-M_caYwc-00910-00182072-00182247 firstly by opening the review to the
75s-M_caYwc-00911-00182248-00182383 crowds we increase the breadth of
75s-M_caYwc-00912-00182384-00182519 potential reviews
75s-M_caYwc-00913-00182520-00182654 to academics at any stage of their
75s-M_caYwc-00914-00182655-00183014 career and from whatever region
75s-M_caYwc-00915-00183015-00183247 secondly uh the platform revolves around
75s-M_caYwc-00916-00183248-00183423 individual comments broadly categorized
75s-M_caYwc-00917-00183424-00183478 into
75s-M_caYwc-00918-00183479-00183647 four sections covering all the
75s-M_caYwc-00919-00183648-00183790 traditional aspects of
75s-M_caYwc-00920-00183791-00184031 review but you don't have to leave a
75s-M_caYwc-00921-00184032-00184166 full review you could simply
75s-M_caYwc-00922-00184167-00184351 highlight a strength or a minor issue
75s-M_caYwc-00923-00184352-00184526 you see in the research
75s-M_caYwc-00924-00184527-00184678 and you can review what you can and you
75s-M_caYwc-00925-00184679-00184902 review what you know
75s-M_caYwc-00926-00184903-00185078 thirdly the the platform is built on
75s-M_caYwc-00927-00185079-00185278 collaboration so we encourage reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00928-00185279-00185375 to interact with each other's
75s-M_caYwc-00929-00185376-00185495 contributions
75s-M_caYwc-00930-00185496-00185631 and provide the up voting for you to
75s-M_caYwc-00931-00185632-00185814 indicate others contributions which you
75s-M_caYwc-00932-00185815-00185878 deem
75s-M_caYwc-00933-00185879-00186207 important to the community and having
75s-M_caYwc-00934-00186208-00186423 made the contributions we want to reward
75s-M_caYwc-00935-00186424-00186623 reviewers for their work
75s-M_caYwc-00936-00186624-00186831 we allow reviewers to build a reputation
75s-M_caYwc-00937-00186832-00187007 off of the up voting system
75s-M_caYwc-00938-00187008-00187143 and we want you to use this to further
75s-M_caYwc-00939-00187144-00187343 your career
75s-M_caYwc-00940-00187344-00187487 finally as a result of having the
75s-M_caYwc-00941-00187488-00187583 comments available to the whole
75s-M_caYwc-00942-00187584-00187695 community
75s-M_caYwc-00943-00187696-00187950 we can foster environment where both
75s-M_caYwc-00944-00187951-00188095 experienced and inexperienced reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00945-00188096-00188126 can
75s-M_caYwc-00946-00188127-00188366 come together to learn from each other
75s-M_caYwc-00947-00188367-00188775 next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-00948-00188776-00188919 with respect to what we need to make
75s-M_caYwc-00949-00188920-00189078 this a success there's
75s-M_caYwc-00950-00189079-00189302 three areas we're currently looking into
75s-M_caYwc-00951-00189303-00189463 um firstly we think the platform
75s-M_caYwc-00952-00189464-00189599 provides a great space for
75s-M_caYwc-00953-00189600-00189759 the running of journal clubs so if you
75s-M_caYwc-00954-00189760-00189871 take part in journal clubs or run
75s-M_caYwc-00955-00189872-00189975 general clubs
75s-M_caYwc-00956-00189976-00190247 we'd love to help you out uh secondly
75s-M_caYwc-00957-00190248-00190423 we're interested in working directly
75s-M_caYwc-00958-00190424-00190559 with preprint servers
75s-M_caYwc-00959-00190560-00190743 to link comments on our site with
75s-M_caYwc-00960-00190744-00190863 listings on theirs
75s-M_caYwc-00961-00190864-00191014 and this makes them inherently more
75s-M_caYwc-00962-00191015-00191183 useful
75s-M_caYwc-00963-00191184-00191366 and finally we want to really explore
75s-M_caYwc-00964-00191367-00191502 how we can use this for
75s-M_caYwc-00965-00191503-00191814 education around peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00966-00191815-00192054 and critical appraisal so if you're an
75s-M_caYwc-00967-00192055-00192231 educator we'd love to chat to you about
75s-M_caYwc-00968-00192232-00192319 that
75s-M_caYwc-00969-00192320-00192999 uh that's all for now thank you
75s-M_caYwc-00970-00193000-00193214 thanks i'm hearing from bim that um the
75s-M_caYwc-00971-00193215-00193390 zoom is not zoom is not working so we'll
75s-M_caYwc-00972-00193391-00193526 skip to the next one
75s-M_caYwc-00973-00193527-00193702 so next we have putting peers at the
75s-M_caYwc-00974-00193703-00193887 heart of peer review coming from angela
75s-M_caYwc-00975-00193888-00194190 anderson and live science editors
75s-M_caYwc-00976-00194191-00194447 thanks everyone um i can't see the
75s-M_caYwc-00977-00194448-00194535 slides so
75s-M_caYwc-00978-00194536-00194750 if you could advance to slide 44 that'd
75s-M_caYwc-00979-00194751-00194911 be great
75s-M_caYwc-00980-00194912-00195166 so we're lse we're a team of former
75s-M_caYwc-00981-00195167-00195311 journal editors who've collectively
75s-M_caYwc-00982-00195312-00195478 managed thousands of peer reviews for
75s-M_caYwc-00983-00195479-00195583 journals like cell
75s-M_caYwc-00984-00195584-00195823 science and plos biology and we're
75s-M_caYwc-00985-00195824-00196014 proposing author initiated peer review
75s-M_caYwc-00986-00196015-00196159 for preprints
75s-M_caYwc-00987-00196160-00196326 so when authors submit their pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-00988-00196327-00196478 they can initiate peer review by
75s-M_caYwc-00989-00196479-00196695 nominating a liaison team the lab that
75s-M_caYwc-00990-00196696-00196863 will oversee the process
75s-M_caYwc-00991-00196864-00197047 the liaison team invites multiple
75s-M_caYwc-00992-00197048-00197287 scientists or labs as reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-00993-00197288-00197431 reviewers then complete a structured
75s-M_caYwc-00994-00197432-00197671 review template and rate the preprint
75s-M_caYwc-00995-00197672-00197847 the liaison team would then summarize
75s-M_caYwc-00996-00197848-00198023 the reviews given overall rating
75s-M_caYwc-00997-00198024-00198190 and link their summary in the reviews to
75s-M_caYwc-00998-00198191-00198343 the preprint
75s-M_caYwc-00999-00198344-00198511 this approach generates a high value
75s-M_caYwc-01000-00198512-00198687 product with three components
75s-M_caYwc-01001-00198688-00198895 a peer-reviewed pre-print with a rating
75s-M_caYwc-01002-00198896-00199014 structured reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01003-00199015-00199335 and a pre-re peer review summary and
75s-M_caYwc-01004-00199336-00199583 optional extras include that authors can
75s-M_caYwc-01005-00199584-00199735 respond to comments and revise their
75s-M_caYwc-01006-00199736-00199823 pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-01007-00199824-00199999 authors can rate the liaison team and
75s-M_caYwc-01008-00200000-00200214 reviewers and readers can also rate the
75s-M_caYwc-01009-00200215-00200278 pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-01010-00200279-00200702 liaison team and reviewers next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01011-00200703-00200871 so peer review at journals is mostly
75s-M_caYwc-01012-00200872-00201063 behind closed doors which reduces its
75s-M_caYwc-01013-00201064-00201238 visibility diminishes trust
75s-M_caYwc-01014-00201239-00201478 and divides communities our proposal
75s-M_caYwc-01015-00201479-00201663 unites scientists behind an open peer
75s-M_caYwc-01016-00201664-00201847 review to demonstrate and increase its
75s-M_caYwc-01017-00201848-00201935 value
75s-M_caYwc-01018-00201936-00202183 what are the incentives first valuable
75s-M_caYwc-01019-00202184-00202390 products for all participants
75s-M_caYwc-01020-00202391-00202575 a highlighted peer review preprint is
75s-M_caYwc-01021-00202576-00202711 valuable to authors
75s-M_caYwc-01022-00202712-00202919 they get expert feedback from peers and
75s-M_caYwc-01023-00202920-00203095 can improve their work prior to journal
75s-M_caYwc-01024-00203096-00203302 submission their work will also be more
75s-M_caYwc-01025-00203303-00203366 visible
75s-M_caYwc-01026-00203367-00203543 more credible to colleagues on hiring
75s-M_caYwc-01027-00203544-00203878 committees study sections and the media
75s-M_caYwc-01028-00203879-00204047 citable summaries and reviews are
75s-M_caYwc-01029-00204048-00204223 valuable for the liaison team and
75s-M_caYwc-01030-00204224-00204343 reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-01031-00204344-00204511 and they can add citations and ratings
75s-M_caYwc-01032-00204512-00204799 to their cvs to demonstrate collegiality
75s-M_caYwc-01033-00204800-00205031 and highly visible peer review is likely
75s-M_caYwc-01034-00205032-00205271 to engage reader participation
75s-M_caYwc-01035-00205271-00205446 the second incentive is a rewarding
75s-M_caYwc-01036-00205448-00205679 process having structured reviews and
75s-M_caYwc-01037-00205680-00205871 teams promotes higher quality reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01038-00205871-00206127 reduces workload and minimizes bias
75s-M_caYwc-01039-00206128-00206303 the process accelerates progress not
75s-M_caYwc-01040-00206304-00206494 only in science but how we evaluate
75s-M_caYwc-01041-00206496-00206582 science
75s-M_caYwc-01042-00206583-00206751 and it creates an opportunity to train
75s-M_caYwc-01043-00206752-00206934 diverse scientists including postdocs
75s-M_caYwc-01044-00206935-00207079 and students to become reviewers and
75s-M_caYwc-01045-00207080-00207166 editors
75s-M_caYwc-01046-00207167-00207303 this could feed into journals and
75s-M_caYwc-01047-00207304-00207534 funding agencies a third incentive
75s-M_caYwc-01048-00207535-00207734 invitations develop communities and
75s-M_caYwc-01049-00207735-00207910 networks and create an opportunity to
75s-M_caYwc-01050-00207911-00208094 expand and diversify the liaison and
75s-M_caYwc-01051-00208096-00208238 reviewer pool
75s-M_caYwc-01052-00208239-00208558 next slide so what do we need we need
75s-M_caYwc-01053-00208559-00208782 the scientific community to be on board
75s-M_caYwc-01054-00208783-00209062 so we should get input from them
75s-M_caYwc-01055-00209063-00209231 servers need to be on board to integrate
75s-M_caYwc-01056-00209232-00209431 the summaries reviews and ratings with
75s-M_caYwc-01057-00209432-00209551 the preprints
75s-M_caYwc-01058-00209552-00209694 we need a peer review template and
75s-M_caYwc-01059-00209696-00209887 protocol and a platform to manage peer
75s-M_caYwc-01060-00209888-00209975 review
75s-M_caYwc-01061-00209976-00210175 we need the capacity to cite and rate
75s-M_caYwc-01062-00210176-00210334 pre-prints and reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01063-00210335-00210479 and there should be beta testing to
75s-M_caYwc-01064-00210480-00210775 identify pitfalls and refine approaches
75s-M_caYwc-01065-00210776-00211239 thank you
75s-M_caYwc-01066-00211240-00211423 okay thank you so much next we have
75s-M_caYwc-01067-00211423-00211639 piloting peer review overlay services on
75s-M_caYwc-01068-00211640-00211831 distributed network of premium servers
75s-M_caYwc-01069-00211832-00211927 and repository
75s-M_caYwc-01070-00211928-00212223 and the presenter is martin klein yeah
75s-M_caYwc-01071-00212223-00212327 hi my name is martin
75s-M_caYwc-01072-00212328-00212534 and together with my colleagues kathleen
75s-M_caYwc-01073-00212535-00212742 and paul i'd like to talk about our
75s-M_caYwc-01074-00212744-00212967 proposal piloting peer review overlay
75s-M_caYwc-01075-00212967-00213079 services
75s-M_caYwc-01076-00213080-00213263 on a distributed network of preprint
75s-M_caYwc-01077-00213264-00213439 servers and repositories
75s-M_caYwc-01078-00213440-00213734 next slide please so with our idea we
75s-M_caYwc-01079-00213735-00213919 are enabling a common and standard
75s-M_caYwc-01080-00213919-00213982 compliant
75s-M_caYwc-01081-00213983-00214167 technical approach to the peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01082-00214167-00214303 process for preprints
75s-M_caYwc-01083-00214304-00214519 the model is based on widely adopted
75s-M_caYwc-01084-00214519-00214663 standard web protocols
75s-M_caYwc-01085-00214664-00214839 such as linked data notifications and
75s-M_caYwc-01086-00214840-00215039 activity streams for the communication
75s-M_caYwc-01087-00215040-00215127 of events
75s-M_caYwc-01088-00215128-00215391 related to the peer review process the
75s-M_caYwc-01089-00215392-00215542 model is further platform and service
75s-M_caYwc-01090-00215544-00215719 agnostic meaning it operates on the web
75s-M_caYwc-01091-00215719-00215879 and is therefore not dependent
75s-M_caYwc-01092-00215880-00216046 on specific implementations of
75s-M_caYwc-01093-00216048-00216319 publishing or reviewing services
75s-M_caYwc-01094-00216319-00216494 in addition it builds on a distributed
75s-M_caYwc-01095-00216496-00216687 network of for example
75s-M_caYwc-01096-00216688-00216879 pre-print servers and peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01097-00216880-00217182 service providers next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01098-00217183-00217375 so we believe that our plan of action
75s-M_caYwc-01099-00217376-00217487 has the potential to really
75s-M_caYwc-01100-00217488-00217655 significantly increase levels of peer
75s-M_caYwc-01101-00217656-00217831 review and curation
75s-M_caYwc-01102-00217832-00218110 as that we argue that our model operates
75s-M_caYwc-01103-00218111-00218191 at scale
75s-M_caYwc-01104-00218192-00218398 meaning all standard compliant parties
75s-M_caYwc-01105-00218400-00218606 can partake and as we know adoption of
75s-M_caYwc-01106-00218607-00218775 standards leads to increased levels of
75s-M_caYwc-01107-00218776-00218871 interoperability
75s-M_caYwc-01108-00218871-00219215 which in turn leads to scale we further
75s-M_caYwc-01109-00219216-00219263 lower
75s-M_caYwc-01110-00219264-00219439 barriers of adoption and participation
75s-M_caYwc-01111-00219440-00219575 exactly because we are adopting
75s-M_caYwc-01112-00219576-00219655 standards
75s-M_caYwc-01113-00219656-00219798 and we further help increase
75s-M_caYwc-01114-00219800-00219982 sustainability by decreasing
75s-M_caYwc-01115-00219983-00220151 dependencies between services for
75s-M_caYwc-01116-00220152-00220231 example
75s-M_caYwc-01117-00220232-00220391 even if a preprint service might be
75s-M_caYwc-01118-00220392-00220606 unavailable its corresponding reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01119-00220607-00220742 might still be accessible
75s-M_caYwc-01120-00220744-00220903 at an independent service provider
75s-M_caYwc-01121-00220904-00221182 thanks to the distributed infrastructure
75s-M_caYwc-01122-00221183-00221391 we also support use cases that may go
75s-M_caYwc-01123-00221392-00221606 beyond the traditional peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01124-00221607-00221751 for example scenarios where a third
75s-M_caYwc-01125-00221752-00221919 party requests a peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01126-00221919-00222127 or where maybe even a less formal review
75s-M_caYwc-01127-00222128-00222287 such as an authenticity check for
75s-M_caYwc-01128-00222288-00222455 example is requested
75s-M_caYwc-01129-00222456-00222734 next slide please so going forward in
75s-M_caYwc-01130-00222735-00222863 order to be successful
75s-M_caYwc-01131-00222864-00223063 we will continue to work with existing
75s-M_caYwc-01132-00223064-00223215 players in the landscape such as
75s-M_caYwc-01133-00223216-00223279 preprint
75s-M_caYwc-01134-00223280-00223510 repository and peer review services and
75s-M_caYwc-01135-00223511-00223598 communities
75s-M_caYwc-01136-00223600-00223791 so we're basically building on existing
75s-M_caYwc-01137-00223792-00223975 infrastructure and services rather than
75s-M_caYwc-01138-00223976-00224127 having to develop new ones
75s-M_caYwc-01139-00224128-00224310 though of course for the sake of scale
75s-M_caYwc-01140-00224311-00224446 we would love to see growth in this
75s-M_caYwc-01141-00224448-00224558 space
75s-M_caYwc-01142-00224559-00224791 we will refine workflows and define
75s-M_caYwc-01143-00224792-00224919 taxonomies to support
75s-M_caYwc-01144-00224919-00225151 support community source use cases that
75s-M_caYwc-01145-00225152-00225303 we have previously documented
75s-M_caYwc-01146-00225304-00225471 and lastly we will implement our
75s-M_caYwc-01147-00225471-00225639 proposed technologies into existing
75s-M_caYwc-01148-00225640-00225742 services
75s-M_caYwc-01149-00225744-00225927 though we have created a pilot as a
75s-M_caYwc-01150-00225928-00226087 proof of concept to basically convince
75s-M_caYwc-01151-00226088-00226223 ourselves this can work
75s-M_caYwc-01152-00226223-00226351 we need to elevate this to the next
75s-M_caYwc-01153-00226352-00226551 level for broad adoption
75s-M_caYwc-01154-00226552-00226734 so we are very excited about the
75s-M_caYwc-01155-00226735-00226871 opportunity to
75s-M_caYwc-01156-00226871-00227006 present our ideas here and we're looking
75s-M_caYwc-01157-00227007-00227127 forward to the breakout session for
75s-M_caYwc-01158-00227128-00227223 further discussion
75s-M_caYwc-01159-00227223-00227542 thank you all right
75s-M_caYwc-01160-00227544-00227767 thank you so much uh and now we have
75s-M_caYwc-01161-00227767-00227942 encouraging pre-print review making it
75s-M_caYwc-01162-00227944-00228087 easier to create reviews making it
75s-M_caYwc-01163-00228088-00228263 easier to incorporate reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01164-00228264-00228623 from
75s-M_caYwc-01165-00228623-00228887 hi everyone um i'm nakami bentley and
75s-M_caYwc-01166-00228888-00229031 along with alexander
75s-M_caYwc-01167-00229032-00229206 from i'm from stencil and we're going to
75s-M_caYwc-01168-00229207-00229463 be talking about our ideas to
75s-M_caYwc-01169-00229464-00229734 incorporate reviews into stencilla
75s-M_caYwc-01170-00229735-00230142 thanks slime
75s-M_caYwc-01171-00230144-00230367 so what is stenciler um stencil is a
75s-M_caYwc-01172-00230367-00230479 platform for
75s-M_caYwc-01173-00230480-00230710 executable documents and that includes
75s-M_caYwc-01174-00230711-00230879 executable print prints
75s-M_caYwc-01175-00230880-00231127 so what are executable preprints that
75s-M_caYwc-01176-00231128-00231263 preprints that involve
75s-M_caYwc-01177-00231264-00231567 embedded code links to data and have
75s-M_caYwc-01178-00231567-00231823 outputs such as data visualizations and
75s-M_caYwc-01179-00231823-00232158 tables that are derived from that data
75s-M_caYwc-01180-00232159-00232342 and so an important part of what we're
75s-M_caYwc-01181-00232344-00232471 doing instead zilla
75s-M_caYwc-01182-00232471-00232806 is taking that special type of document
75s-M_caYwc-01183-00232807-00232927 which involves not
75s-M_caYwc-01184-00232928-00233175 only code but also the narrative around
75s-M_caYwc-01185-00233176-00233239 that
75s-M_caYwc-01186-00233240-00233503 and turning them into publications and
75s-M_caYwc-01187-00233504-00233558 we want to
75s-M_caYwc-01188-00233559-00233791 support authors that are using a variety
75s-M_caYwc-01189-00233792-00233927 of different formats
75s-M_caYwc-01190-00233928-00234142 including not only jupiter notebooks and
75s-M_caYwc-01191-00234144-00234319 our markdown that people are familiar
75s-M_caYwc-01192-00234319-00234519 with but also
75s-M_caYwc-01193-00234519-00234815 documents like google docs and word
75s-M_caYwc-01194-00234816-00234879 which are
75s-M_caYwc-01195-00234880-00235110 also really good for just writing pros
75s-M_caYwc-01196-00235111-00235279 and collaborating
75s-M_caYwc-01197-00235280-00235655 so our idea for this sprint is to
75s-M_caYwc-01198-00235656-00235871 allow reviewers to work in those same
75s-M_caYwc-01199-00235871-00236087 platforms that the executable preprints
75s-M_caYwc-01200-00236088-00236175 are being written in
75s-M_caYwc-01201-00236176-00236351 so we want reviewers to be able to make
75s-M_caYwc-01202-00236352-00236558 their comments and reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01203-00236559-00236823 in situ we already know that there's
75s-M_caYwc-01204-00236823-00236863 great
75s-M_caYwc-01205-00236864-00237175 platforms like that for commenting on
75s-M_caYwc-01206-00237176-00237271 documents like
75s-M_caYwc-01207-00237271-00237479 google docs but also github for
75s-M_caYwc-01208-00237480-00237631 commenting on code
75s-M_caYwc-01209-00237632-00237887 and so the idea here is can we take
75s-M_caYwc-01210-00237888-00238094 those platforms and extract reviews out
75s-M_caYwc-01211-00238096-00238167 of them
75s-M_caYwc-01212-00238167-00238334 just to reduce the friction and the
75s-M_caYwc-01213-00238335-00238527 barriers for people to
75s-M_caYwc-01214-00238528-00239158 write reviews next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01215-00239159-00239510 so um how will this help
75s-M_caYwc-01216-00239511-00239758 well we want to make it generally easier
75s-M_caYwc-01217-00239759-00239871 for authors to create
75s-M_caYwc-01218-00239871-00240231 executable preprints and as part of this
75s-M_caYwc-01219-00240232-00240375 process we want to make it
75s-M_caYwc-01220-00240376-00240663 easier for them to incorporate the
75s-M_caYwc-01221-00240664-00240815 review suggestions
75s-M_caYwc-01222-00240816-00240998 by for instance in a google doc just
75s-M_caYwc-01223-00241000-00241206 saying yes i accept these changes or
75s-M_caYwc-01224-00241207-00241471 responding to review comments institute
75s-M_caYwc-01225-00241471-00241639 um and then to be able to create new
75s-M_caYwc-01226-00241640-00241830 versions based on those reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01227-00241831-00242103 at the same time to make it easier for
75s-M_caYwc-01228-00242104-00242342 reviewers to create those reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01229-00242344-00242510 to be able to just jump in a document
75s-M_caYwc-01230-00242511-00242751 and be able to comment directly
75s-M_caYwc-01231-00242752-00243055 on the content of that and then
75s-M_caYwc-01232-00243056-00243239 we want to be able to take those reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01233-00243240-00243446 and take them from the informal
75s-M_caYwc-01234-00243448-00243767 setting of a google doc to a more formal
75s-M_caYwc-01235-00243767-00244039 display and minting of those both the
75s-M_caYwc-01236-00244040-00244110 preprints
75s-M_caYwc-01237-00244111-00244439 and the reviews minting doi's for each
75s-M_caYwc-01238-00244440-00244479 of them
75s-M_caYwc-01239-00244480-00244639 which then makes them available to the
75s-M_caYwc-01240-00244640-00244903 network via crossref
75s-M_caYwc-01241-00244904-00245206 and other organizations like unpayable
75s-M_caYwc-01242-00245207-00245775 next
75s-M_caYwc-01243-00245776-00245998 so how we how can you help in this
75s-M_caYwc-01244-00246000-00246198 process so we're really getting on board
75s-M_caYwc-01245-00246200-00246375 with the idea of this being a sprint
75s-M_caYwc-01246-00246376-00246703 um and so we're going to try over the
75s-M_caYwc-01247-00246704-00246758 next
75s-M_caYwc-01248-00246759-00247063 two weeks um and report back to you
75s-M_caYwc-01249-00247064-00247287 uh in early december on progress so
75s-M_caYwc-01250-00247288-00247382 we're setting up
75s-M_caYwc-01251-00247383-00247663 uh we've set up a development project uh
75s-M_caYwc-01252-00247664-00247751 where
75s-M_caYwc-01253-00247752-00247927 we've got a number of open issues and
75s-M_caYwc-01254-00247928-00248110 prs where we're working on
75s-M_caYwc-01255-00248111-00248263 some of the ideas here so we'd love
75s-M_caYwc-01256-00248264-00248479 people to come along and comment and
75s-M_caYwc-01257-00248480-00248527 give us
75s-M_caYwc-01258-00248528-00248855 their ideas and also if you want to
75s-M_caYwc-01259-00248856-00249079 contribute code and documentation that'd
75s-M_caYwc-01260-00249080-00249246 be awesome
75s-M_caYwc-01261-00249248-00249415 but also we'd love to get people's
75s-M_caYwc-01262-00249416-00249646 testing and feedback um
75s-M_caYwc-01263-00249648-00249815 in a week or two we should have
75s-M_caYwc-01264-00249816-00250006 hopefully have this in a state where
75s-M_caYwc-01265-00250007-00250206 people can try this out and see whether
75s-M_caYwc-01266-00250207-00250358 it actually works so
75s-M_caYwc-01267-00250359-00250663 um sign up to the stencil hub and let us
75s-M_caYwc-01268-00250664-00250798 know that you're interested in testing
75s-M_caYwc-01269-00250800-00250919 this out
75s-M_caYwc-01270-00250919-00251830 thanks okay thank you very much okay
75s-M_caYwc-01271-00251831-00252134 sorry didn't hear you go ahead we'll
75s-M_caYwc-01272-00252135-00252198 just
75s-M_caYwc-01273-00252200-00252375 jump into the next presentation from
75s-M_caYwc-01274-00252376-00252503 daniella
75s-M_caYwc-01275-00252504-00252727 so this is kova 19 rapid review a joint
75s-M_caYwc-01276-00252728-00252894 publishers initiative to engage the
75s-M_caYwc-01277-00252896-00253055 community in the review of coven 19
75s-M_caYwc-01278-00253056-00253327 preprint
75s-M_caYwc-01279-00253328-00253606 thank you victoria and thanks asl bio
75s-M_caYwc-01280-00253607-00253751 team and all the sponsors for making
75s-M_caYwc-01281-00253752-00253942 this spring uh happen it's quite uh
75s-M_caYwc-01282-00253944-00254039 exciting
75s-M_caYwc-01283-00254040-00254351 uh to hear all these projects um coming
75s-M_caYwc-01284-00254352-00254567 after the review preference which is um
75s-M_caYwc-01285-00254567-00254758 super important especially
75s-M_caYwc-01286-00254759-00254998 uh as uh everybody seems to have
75s-M_caYwc-01287-00255000-00255158 realized
75s-M_caYwc-01288-00255159-00255471 even more with the kobe 19 pandemic
75s-M_caYwc-01289-00255471-00255798 i am the project director and co-founder
75s-M_caYwc-01290-00255800-00255998 of pre-review and pre-review is
75s-M_caYwc-01291-00256000-00256271 one of the organizations that joined in
75s-M_caYwc-01292-00256271-00256463 last spring and a group
75s-M_caYwc-01293-00256464-00256719 of scientific technological and medical
75s-M_caYwc-01294-00256719-00256887 publishing organization
75s-M_caYwc-01295-00256888-00257215 that all came together with a request to
75s-M_caYwc-01296-00257216-00257534 the research community to
75s-M_caYwc-01297-00257535-00257855 rapidly review kobe 19 manuscripts and
75s-M_caYwc-01298-00257856-00257982 share those
75s-M_caYwc-01299-00257983-00258255 reviews across a group of joined
75s-M_caYwc-01300-00258256-00258423 publishers
75s-M_caYwc-01301-00258423-00258815 as the only representative of
75s-M_caYwc-01302-00258816-00259030 preparing reviews in this group we have
75s-M_caYwc-01303-00259031-00259223 been
75s-M_caYwc-01304-00259223-00259406 working can you please come to the next
75s-M_caYwc-01305-00259407-00259542 slide um
75s-M_caYwc-01306-00259544-00259734 with the preparing working group part of
75s-M_caYwc-01307-00259735-00259863 this initiative to
75s-M_caYwc-01308-00259864-00260127 uh train and support the engagement of
75s-M_caYwc-01309-00260128-00260334 more than 1700 researchers
75s-M_caYwc-01310-00260335-00260567 who in the first two weeks signed up to
75s-M_caYwc-01311-00260567-00260742 help with this initiative
75s-M_caYwc-01312-00260744-00260967 and particularly directing their uh
75s-M_caYwc-01313-00260967-00261223 efforts to the review of preprints
75s-M_caYwc-01314-00261223-00261423 uh covenanting related preprints on
75s-M_caYwc-01315-00261423-00261542 outbreak science rapid
75s-M_caYwc-01316-00261544-00261879 review which is an open platform that we
75s-M_caYwc-01317-00261880-00262110 jointly uh with open outbreak science
75s-M_caYwc-01318-00262111-00262182 launched
75s-M_caYwc-01319-00262183-00262503 last january um uh
75s-M_caYwc-01320-00262504-00262719 kind of a predicting but possible
75s-M_caYwc-01321-00262720-00262934 outbreak but not quite a pandemic
75s-M_caYwc-01322-00262935-00263175 um and so what we are trying to do here
75s-M_caYwc-01323-00263176-00263263 is to um
75s-M_caYwc-01324-00263264-00263639 engage this already
75s-M_caYwc-01325-00263640-00263782 researchers who already volunteer their
75s-M_caYwc-01326-00263783-00264006 time into the review of preprint and
75s-M_caYwc-01327-00264007-00264303 uh kind of getting to the uh questions
75s-M_caYwc-01328-00264304-00264423 of incentives and
75s-M_caYwc-01329-00264424-00264743 and uh training and community engagement
75s-M_caYwc-01330-00264744-00264903 with an approach i'm going to tell you
75s-M_caYwc-01331-00264904-00265167 in a minute but the the other important
75s-M_caYwc-01332-00265168-00265351 part of what we want to do here is to
75s-M_caYwc-01333-00265352-00265575 create a path
75s-M_caYwc-01334-00265576-00265943 that merges the workflow between the
75s-M_caYwc-01335-00265944-00266263 community reviews and the peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01336-00266264-00266430 don't organize peer review so that the
75s-M_caYwc-01337-00266431-00266615 community reviews could be
75s-M_caYwc-01338-00266616-00266919 used and in support of the peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01339-00266920-00266967 process
75s-M_caYwc-01340-00266968-00267391 and to speed it up um next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-01341-00267392-00267687 in order to engage a community of
75s-M_caYwc-01342-00267688-00267927 volunteer rapid reviewers as we call
75s-M_caYwc-01343-00267928-00268182 them we want to use this opportunity to
75s-M_caYwc-01344-00268183-00268230 sprint
75s-M_caYwc-01345-00268231-00268447 to implement a community community
75s-M_caYwc-01346-00268448-00268575 engagement strategy
75s-M_caYwc-01347-00268576-00268823 and hardness of some of these um work
75s-M_caYwc-01348-00268824-00269047 that we're doing a pre-review with uh
75s-M_caYwc-01349-00269048-00269247 training and uh live stream prep
75s-M_caYwc-01350-00269248-00269487 internal clubs to really uh engage uh
75s-M_caYwc-01351-00269488-00269663 the community into a more participatory
75s-M_caYwc-01352-00269664-00269830 way of doing reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01353-00269831-00270143 um and also um work with our research
75s-M_caYwc-01354-00270144-00270239 user richards
75s-M_caYwc-01355-00270240-00270534 user research team to better understand
75s-M_caYwc-01356-00270535-00270703 what are the needs of editorial teams
75s-M_caYwc-01357-00270704-00270903 in terms of like why can we make these
75s-M_caYwc-01358-00270904-00271110 reviews uh quickly accessible to them
75s-M_caYwc-01359-00271111-00271471 for uh the um the quick wedding
75s-M_caYwc-01360-00271472-00271615 editorial level
75s-M_caYwc-01361-00271616-00271887 um and we want to build on a current
75s-M_caYwc-01362-00271888-00272023 dashboard that we just
75s-M_caYwc-01363-00272024-00272351 prototyped this summer um and our api
75s-M_caYwc-01364-00272352-00272647 to automate um and streamline this uh
75s-M_caYwc-01365-00272648-00272727 workflow
75s-M_caYwc-01366-00272728-00272951 next slide please uh this is just a
75s-M_caYwc-01367-00272952-00273110 screenshot of the dashboard and we
75s-M_caYwc-01368-00273111-00273230 invite you all to
75s-M_caYwc-01369-00273231-00273430 come and and we're really looking for
75s-M_caYwc-01370-00273431-00273623 ideas and technical skills
75s-M_caYwc-01371-00273624-00273887 uh that can um help this with this
75s-M_caYwc-01372-00273888-00273958 integration
75s-M_caYwc-01373-00273959-00274182 as well as as well as beta testers and
75s-M_caYwc-01374-00274183-00274310 endorsement from
75s-M_caYwc-01375-00274311-00274639 other group so join us in uh period a
75s-M_caYwc-01376-00274640-00274710 room six
75s-M_caYwc-01377-00274711-00275015 thank you hey
75s-M_caYwc-01378-00275016-00275182 thank you very much daniela next we have
75s-M_caYwc-01379-00275183-00275367 leveraging smart citations as proven
75s-M_caYwc-01380-00275368-00275519 commentary and review
75s-M_caYwc-01381-00275520-00275830 hey everybody uh so so um
75s-M_caYwc-01382-00275831-00276095 i'm excited to propose uh something that
75s-M_caYwc-01383-00276096-00276182 maybe sounds
75s-M_caYwc-01384-00276183-00276319 a bit different from other projects and
75s-M_caYwc-01385-00276320-00276527 that is using citations as a form of
75s-M_caYwc-01386-00276528-00276663 review so prior to
75s-M_caYwc-01387-00276664-00276815 founding site i actually launched a
75s-M_caYwc-01388-00276816-00276999 company called the winnower which was
75s-M_caYwc-01389-00277000-00277182 specifically focused on open post
75s-M_caYwc-01390-00277183-00277399 publication peer review of pre-prints
75s-M_caYwc-01391-00277400-00277534 and what i learned from that is it's
75s-M_caYwc-01392-00277535-00277710 exceedingly difficult to get people to
75s-M_caYwc-01393-00277711-00277799 review things
75s-M_caYwc-01394-00277800-00278023 without harassing them effectively and
75s-M_caYwc-01395-00278024-00278182 it's exceedingly difficult to get them
75s-M_caYwc-01396-00278183-00278375 to do it openly
75s-M_caYwc-01397-00278376-00278543 what we found from that is if you kind
75s-M_caYwc-01398-00278544-00278767 of brand reviews as papers in themselves
75s-M_caYwc-01399-00278768-00278967 because that is a currency of scientists
75s-M_caYwc-01400-00278968-00279071 that can help
75s-M_caYwc-01401-00279072-00279391 and so i'm proposing using citations and
75s-M_caYwc-01402-00279392-00279558 pre-prints and all these reviews that
75s-M_caYwc-01403-00279559-00279655 everyone is
75s-M_caYwc-01404-00279656-00279934 is uh discussing and publishing as a
75s-M_caYwc-01405-00279935-00280087 form of review itself
75s-M_caYwc-01406-00280088-00280391 can you go to the next one so
75s-M_caYwc-01407-00280392-00280582 what we do at site is is not just
75s-M_caYwc-01408-00280583-00280743 similar to web of science or dimensions
75s-M_caYwc-01409-00280744-00280910 or other citation indices
75s-M_caYwc-01410-00280911-00281119 we are advancing citations so you can
75s-M_caYwc-01411-00281120-00281367 see how a paper or a preprint has been
75s-M_caYwc-01412-00281368-00281510 cited and specifically if it's been
75s-M_caYwc-01413-00281511-00281655 supported or disputed
75s-M_caYwc-01414-00281656-00281847 so you can see the conversation amongst
75s-M_caYwc-01415-00281848-00282015 papers and quickly read
75s-M_caYwc-01416-00282016-00282182 what is this preprint what is this paper
75s-M_caYwc-01417-00282183-00282399 saying about this article of interest
75s-M_caYwc-01418-00282400-00282543 and we would like to bring this not only
75s-M_caYwc-01419-00282544-00282734 to to articles but also to pre-prints
75s-M_caYwc-01420-00282735-00282839 themselves
75s-M_caYwc-01421-00282840-00282967 and so we would like to embed this
75s-M_caYwc-01422-00282968-00283143 effectively in pre-print platforms
75s-M_caYwc-01423-00283144-00283223 themselves
75s-M_caYwc-01424-00283224-00283406 uh and to work with others in the
75s-M_caYwc-01425-00283407-00283534 community to ingest
75s-M_caYwc-01426-00283535-00283847 their reviews uh as a centralized source
75s-M_caYwc-01427-00283848-00284095 you go to next one the good thing about
75s-M_caYwc-01428-00284096-00284247 this is that we've already done this and
75s-M_caYwc-01429-00284248-00284406 we have a lot of signals
75s-M_caYwc-01430-00284407-00284630 already and so if you look at our
75s-M_caYwc-01431-00284631-00284791 information on bio
75s-M_caYwc-01432-00284792-00284943 archive and met archive we already have
75s-M_caYwc-01433-00284944-00285134 250 000
75s-M_caYwc-01434-00285135-00285334 citation statements from thousands of
75s-M_caYwc-01435-00285335-00285439 pre-prints
75s-M_caYwc-01436-00285440-00285582 we've learned that pre-prints are
75s-M_caYwc-01437-00285583-00285727 literally talking to each other within
75s-M_caYwc-01438-00285728-00285823 five days
75s-M_caYwc-01439-00285824-00286023 of each other so this citation lag which
75s-M_caYwc-01440-00286024-00286206 may sound you know quite long
75s-M_caYwc-01441-00286207-00286558 in pre-prints is is becoming quite quick
75s-M_caYwc-01442-00286559-00286758 and it's it's really a powerful way to
75s-M_caYwc-01443-00286759-00286887 look at pre-prints to see this one's
75s-M_caYwc-01444-00286888-00287047 been supported by another pre-print and
75s-M_caYwc-01445-00287048-00287191 you can go read the full pre-print so
75s-M_caYwc-01446-00287192-00287375 it's not just this small snippet but it
75s-M_caYwc-01447-00287376-00287510 can open up to a
75s-M_caYwc-01448-00287511-00287830 broader expanse but i think you know in
75s-M_caYwc-01449-00287831-00287975 order to to get this information it
75s-M_caYwc-01450-00287976-00288103 needs to be adopted into people's
75s-M_caYwc-01451-00288104-00288295 workflows and posted in different areas
75s-M_caYwc-01452-00288296-00288454 and so we're really looking to
75s-M_caYwc-01453-00288455-00288599 to embed this information within the
75s-M_caYwc-01454-00288600-00288791 pre-print system and then again to to
75s-M_caYwc-01455-00288792-00288847 work with
75s-M_caYwc-01456-00288848-00289071 uh different groups here uh to ingest
75s-M_caYwc-01457-00289072-00289223 their reviews so that it's displayed
75s-M_caYwc-01458-00289224-00289310 there
75s-M_caYwc-01459-00289311-00289710 that's the next um so if you want uh our
75s-M_caYwc-01460-00289711-00289982 badge is freely available you can go to
75s-M_caYwc-01461-00289983-00290223 badge it's a little snippet of text and
75s-M_caYwc-01462-00290224-00290367 you can embed that
75s-M_caYwc-01463-00290368-00290543 if you would like your information to be
75s-M_caYwc-01464-00290544-00290734 included in our system
75s-M_caYwc-01465-00290735-00290863 please reach out to me and we can
75s-M_caYwc-01466-00290864-00291063 discuss it effectively does need to have
75s-M_caYwc-01467-00291064-00291134 a doi
75s-M_caYwc-01468-00291135-00291358 for us in order to process it but that's
75s-M_caYwc-01469-00291359-00291463 really kind of the
75s-M_caYwc-01470-00291464-00291743 the only limitation that we have here so
75s-M_caYwc-01471-00291744-00291910 looking forward to the the breakout room
75s-M_caYwc-01472-00291911-00292167 for for more feedback
75s-M_caYwc-01473-00292168-00292423 okay thank you very much josh so next we
75s-M_caYwc-01474-00292424-00292615 have take a penny leave a penny
75s-M_caYwc-01475-00292616-00292830 and status as credit and we have the
75s-M_caYwc-01476-00292831-00292934 team from research
75s-M_caYwc-01477-00292935-00293254 a research square to present hi
75s-M_caYwc-01478-00293255-00293430 sorry i didn't put my name there i'm
75s-M_caYwc-01479-00293431-00293623 michelle avasar whiting editor-in-chief
75s-M_caYwc-01480-00293624-00293758 at research square
75s-M_caYwc-01481-00293759-00293999 uh so this might be the most idealistic
75s-M_caYwc-01482-00294000-00294119 maybe naive
75s-M_caYwc-01483-00294120-00294351 proposal but fundamentally it might also
75s-M_caYwc-01484-00294352-00294503 be among the simplest
75s-M_caYwc-01485-00294504-00294799 um so you can go to the next slide basic
75s-M_caYwc-01486-00294800-00294863 premise
75s-M_caYwc-01487-00294864-00295103 is uh that there can emerge an
75s-M_caYwc-01488-00295104-00295206 expectation
75s-M_caYwc-01489-00295207-00295406 um that a pre-print deposited in a
75s-M_caYwc-01490-00295407-00295591 pre-print in a pre-printed server is a
75s-M_caYwc-01491-00295592-00295743 pre-print reviewed
75s-M_caYwc-01492-00295744-00295943 because posting a preprint is free and
75s-M_caYwc-01493-00295944-00296199 fast and clearly benefit to authors and
75s-M_caYwc-01494-00296200-00296447 most of them are hoping for some sort of
75s-M_caYwc-01495-00296448-00296582 engagement or feedback
75s-M_caYwc-01496-00296583-00296815 when they do that so it only makes sense
75s-M_caYwc-01497-00296816-00296910 that um
75s-M_caYwc-01498-00296911-00297063 they should provide that for somebody
75s-M_caYwc-01499-00297064-00297247 else and so if we make this process
75s-M_caYwc-01500-00297248-00297463 easy and intuitive and normalize that
75s-M_caYwc-01501-00297464-00297663 pay it forward spirit as part of the
75s-M_caYwc-01502-00297664-00297806 culture
75s-M_caYwc-01503-00297807-00297951 it could work and this would involve
75s-M_caYwc-01504-00297952-00298127 messaging at the point of submission
75s-M_caYwc-01505-00298128-00298254 encouraging authors to
75s-M_caYwc-01506-00298255-00298439 conduct a review on a pre-print in their
75s-M_caYwc-01507-00298440-00298727 field that is not currently under review
75s-M_caYwc-01508-00298728-00298887 at a journal
75s-M_caYwc-01509-00298888-00299015 and someone who has specifically
75s-M_caYwc-01510-00299016-00299215 indicated interest in having their print
75s-M_caYwc-01511-00299216-00299415 reviewed and then optionally maybe
75s-M_caYwc-01512-00299416-00299599 accrued interest in their preprint from
75s-M_caYwc-01513-00299600-00299671 others
75s-M_caYwc-01514-00299672-00299887 to also have it reviewed and the second
75s-M_caYwc-01515-00299888-00300006 part of this proposal
75s-M_caYwc-01516-00300007-00300230 um is to establish a form of recognition
75s-M_caYwc-01517-00300231-00300406 for prevent review this is similar to
75s-M_caYwc-01518-00300407-00300543 what a lot of other people have said
75s-M_caYwc-01519-00300544-00300767 already and would be similar to the
75s-M_caYwc-01520-00300768-00300910 publon's model but
75s-M_caYwc-01521-00300911-00301134 in my opinion will likely work better on
75s-M_caYwc-01522-00301135-00301310 the backdrop of
75s-M_caYwc-01523-00301311-00301463 open and transparent reviews on
75s-M_caYwc-01524-00301464-00301815 preprints you can go to the next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01525-00301816-00302151 so people who either loudly or tacitly
75s-M_caYwc-01526-00302152-00302454 support the shift toward among other
75s-M_caYwc-01527-00302455-00302639 things post publication review
75s-M_caYwc-01528-00302640-00302815 should be early adopters of a system
75s-M_caYwc-01529-00302816-00302943 like this
75s-M_caYwc-01530-00302944-00303151 and give it the energy and momentum that
75s-M_caYwc-01531-00303152-00303310 it needs really this is just about
75s-M_caYwc-01532-00303311-00303510 casting a more targeted net rather than
75s-M_caYwc-01533-00303511-00303695 casting a wider net
75s-M_caYwc-01534-00303696-00303934 for reviewers so this should be framed
75s-M_caYwc-01535-00303935-00304239 as an opportunity to get on board with
75s-M_caYwc-01536-00304240-00304399 what i think a lot of people consider to
75s-M_caYwc-01537-00304400-00304582 be an important and long overdue
75s-M_caYwc-01538-00304583-00304895 movement you go to the next slide at
75s-M_caYwc-01539-00304896-00305023 minimum
75s-M_caYwc-01540-00305024-00305247 this project will require some
75s-M_caYwc-01541-00305248-00305503 collaboration among pre-print servers
75s-M_caYwc-01542-00305504-00305623 uh and the involvement of an
75s-M_caYwc-01543-00305624-00305743 organization that has already
75s-M_caYwc-01544-00305744-00305895 established a system for
75s-M_caYwc-01545-00305896-00306134 pre-print review realistically and
75s-M_caYwc-01546-00306135-00306319 certainly in order to fulfill the second
75s-M_caYwc-01547-00306320-00306447 part of the proposal
75s-M_caYwc-01548-00306448-00306647 it'll also require project management
75s-M_caYwc-01549-00306648-00306847 design and engineering
75s-M_caYwc-01550-00306848-00307303 that's it for me thank you okay
75s-M_caYwc-01551-00307304-00307503 thank you very much uh next we have the
75s-M_caYwc-01552-00307504-00307727 2019 novel corona virus research
75s-M_caYwc-01553-00307728-00307839 compendium
75s-M_caYwc-01554-00307840-00308119 and presented by kate and emily hi
75s-M_caYwc-01555-00308120-00308287 everyone thanks for having me today
75s-M_caYwc-01556-00308288-00308527 uh my name is kate grabowski and as
75s-M_caYwc-01557-00308528-00308663 victoria mentioned i'm going to be
75s-M_caYwc-01558-00308664-00308863 presenting on the novel chronovirus
75s-M_caYwc-01559-00308864-00309158 research compendium or ncrc for short
75s-M_caYwc-01560-00309159-00309479 which is an ongoing established project
75s-M_caYwc-01561-00309480-00309806 next slide okay so i
75s-M_caYwc-01562-00309807-00309982 i think as as others have pointed out
75s-M_caYwc-01563-00309983-00310119 here as the pandemic and
75s-M_caYwc-01564-00310120-00310279 has unfolded there's really been this
75s-M_caYwc-01565-00310280-00310527 rapid proliferation of literature
75s-M_caYwc-01566-00310528-00310806 on coven 19 and a lot of it has been
75s-M_caYwc-01567-00310807-00311015 released as preprint
75s-M_caYwc-01568-00311016-00311247 many of the studies that have either
75s-M_caYwc-01569-00311248-00311447 been published as pre-print or
75s-M_caYwc-01570-00311448-00311582 have been published in peer-reviewed
75s-M_caYwc-01571-00311583-00311775 journals
75s-M_caYwc-01572-00311776-00311951 are not necessarily of the highest
75s-M_caYwc-01573-00311952-00312158 quality and so
75s-M_caYwc-01574-00312159-00312319 so we're public health people and
75s-M_caYwc-01575-00312320-00312479 epidemiologists
75s-M_caYwc-01576-00312480-00312599 and and we've been working on the
75s-M_caYwc-01577-00312600-00312727 response and what we've been hearing
75s-M_caYwc-01578-00312728-00312910 from key stakeholders government
75s-M_caYwc-01579-00312911-00313023 officials
75s-M_caYwc-01580-00313024-00313158 people working in public health
75s-M_caYwc-01581-00313159-00313391 institutions including the baltimore
75s-M_caYwc-01582-00313392-00313527 city health department was that they
75s-M_caYwc-01583-00313528-00313710 just had a really hard time
75s-M_caYwc-01584-00313711-00314054 parsing out what the best and most novel
75s-M_caYwc-01585-00314055-00314206 information was
75s-M_caYwc-01586-00314207-00314487 from all of this emerging literature and
75s-M_caYwc-01587-00314488-00314534 so
75s-M_caYwc-01588-00314535-00314767 what we had been asked to do by many of
75s-M_caYwc-01589-00314768-00314967 these stakeholders was to curate
75s-M_caYwc-01590-00314968-00315230 what they thought was the most exciting
75s-M_caYwc-01591-00315231-00315279 and
75s-M_caYwc-01592-00315280-00315615 impactful research and happening in
75s-M_caYwc-01593-00315616-00315758 covit 19.
75s-M_caYwc-01594-00315759-00316071 and so what we did was we functionally
75s-M_caYwc-01595-00316072-00316310 formed a centralized publicly available
75s-M_caYwc-01596-00316311-00316423 resource
75s-M_caYwc-01597-00316424-00316599 that rapidly curates and reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01598-00316600-00316743 emerging scientific
75s-M_caYwc-01599-00316744-00317175 information about coven 19. and our goal
75s-M_caYwc-01600-00317176-00317367 and our real target audience here is to
75s-M_caYwc-01601-00317368-00317503 provide accurate and relevant
75s-M_caYwc-01602-00317504-00317679 information for global public health
75s-M_caYwc-01603-00317680-00317743 action
75s-M_caYwc-01604-00317744-00317927 by clinicians public health
75s-M_caYwc-01605-00317928-00318119 practitioners and policy makers
75s-M_caYwc-01606-00318120-00318503 so a lot of the um you know the other
75s-M_caYwc-01607-00318504-00318679 proposals here are really focused on the
75s-M_caYwc-01608-00318680-00318847 academic community well we're really
75s-M_caYwc-01609-00318848-00318999 focused on these key public health
75s-M_caYwc-01610-00319000-00319167 stakeholders
75s-M_caYwc-01611-00319168-00319439 um so our team includes more than 60 uh
75s-M_caYwc-01612-00319440-00319606 johns hopkins faculty students and
75s-M_caYwc-01613-00319607-00319743 postdoctoral fellows
75s-M_caYwc-01614-00319744-00319943 we've also been able to rope in
75s-M_caYwc-01615-00319944-00320103 colleagues from other universities
75s-M_caYwc-01616-00320104-00320295 including vanderbilt boston university
75s-M_caYwc-01617-00320296-00320471 and imperial college london
75s-M_caYwc-01618-00320472-00320799 next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01619-00320800-00321047 so so how does this all work so we
75s-M_caYwc-01620-00321048-00321134 worked with some
75s-M_caYwc-01621-00321135-00321382 um uh informationists at the welsh
75s-M_caYwc-01622-00321383-00321575 library here at johns hopkins university
75s-M_caYwc-01623-00321576-00321671 to create custom
75s-M_caYwc-01624-00321672-00321927 searches and eight topic areas of public
75s-M_caYwc-01625-00321928-00322047 health relevance
75s-M_caYwc-01626-00322048-00322215 these eight topic areas were then
75s-M_caYwc-01627-00322216-00322351 automated across
75s-M_caYwc-01628-00322352-00322703 uh pubmed and various pre-print servers
75s-M_caYwc-01629-00322704-00322871 and then the output is routinely
75s-M_caYwc-01630-00322872-00323071 downloaded into a custom web application
75s-M_caYwc-01631-00323072-00323279 that was developed just for the ncrc for
75s-M_caYwc-01632-00323280-00323479 review so we manage all of our workflow
75s-M_caYwc-01633-00323480-00323767 in this custom web application
75s-M_caYwc-01634-00323768-00323975 once all those articles are loaded into
75s-M_caYwc-01635-00323976-00324095 the application
75s-M_caYwc-01636-00324096-00324310 we curate them so we find what's the
75s-M_caYwc-01637-00324311-00324582 most new and exciting stuff
75s-M_caYwc-01638-00324583-00324782 and we specifically prioritize high
75s-M_caYwc-01639-00324783-00324951 quality original research for public
75s-M_caYwc-01640-00324952-00324999 health
75s-M_caYwc-01641-00325000-00325223 action we will also cover papers
75s-M_caYwc-01642-00325224-00325423 receiving significant press
75s-M_caYwc-01643-00325424-00325591 uh for review regardless of their
75s-M_caYwc-01644-00325592-00325727 quality
75s-M_caYwc-01645-00325728-00325958 um then for each paper that actually
75s-M_caYwc-01646-00325959-00326167 gets selected into the compendium
75s-M_caYwc-01647-00326168-00326510 uh we do a review um we review
75s-M_caYwc-01648-00326511-00326703 um just the basic information the
75s-M_caYwc-01649-00326704-00326895 setting the study population
75s-M_caYwc-01650-00326896-00327095 um some of the key methods the results
75s-M_caYwc-01651-00327096-00327271 the strengths and the limitations
75s-M_caYwc-01652-00327272-00327471 and we do a final take on each of those
75s-M_caYwc-01653-00327472-00327678 articles where we give our bottom line
75s-M_caYwc-01654-00327679-00327887 about what we think about it
75s-M_caYwc-01655-00327888-00328223 um and then after all of that uh the
75s-M_caYwc-01656-00328224-00328415 summary reviews undergo scientific
75s-M_caYwc-01657-00328416-00328582 editing process before they're posted to
75s-M_caYwc-01658-00328583-00328687 the website
75s-M_caYwc-01659-00328688-00328934 and then our reviews um if their
75s-M_caYwc-01660-00328935-00329134 preprints on med archive and bioarchive
75s-M_caYwc-01661-00329135-00329263 are actually linked to those
75s-M_caYwc-01662-00329264-00329430 uh pre-print servers so we've been
75s-M_caYwc-01663-00329431-00329678 working with the folks there to
75s-M_caYwc-01664-00329679-00329887 to make sure our links are directly
75s-M_caYwc-01665-00329888-00330006 uploaded
75s-M_caYwc-01666-00330007-00330175 we also have a weekly newsletter that
75s-M_caYwc-01667-00330176-00330375 provides subscribers with updates on the
75s-M_caYwc-01668-00330376-00330599 latest reviews that we have been doing
75s-M_caYwc-01669-00330600-00330999 next slide so um there's been a lot of
75s-M_caYwc-01670-00331000-00331143 challenges with these peer review
75s-M_caYwc-01671-00331144-00331223 efforts um
75s-M_caYwc-01672-00331224-00331447 many people have mentioned the same
75s-M_caYwc-01673-00331448-00331639 challenges in their talks so that's
75s-M_caYwc-01674-00331640-00331815 uh refreshing but also disconcerting to
75s-M_caYwc-01675-00331816-00332030 hear at the same time
75s-M_caYwc-01676-00332031-00332215 one of our main challenges has really
75s-M_caYwc-01677-00332216-00332367 been reaching our target audience
75s-M_caYwc-01678-00332368-00332503 letting people know that this resource
75s-M_caYwc-01679-00332504-00332727 is out there and that they can use it
75s-M_caYwc-01680-00332728-00332871 the people who are trying to reach are
75s-M_caYwc-01681-00332872-00333095 very busy individuals
75s-M_caYwc-01682-00333096-00333271 that web application we developed in the
75s-M_caYwc-01683-00333272-00333447 beginning was not necessarily meant to
75s-M_caYwc-01684-00333448-00333503 handle
75s-M_caYwc-01685-00333504-00333719 all of the different um folks that we
75s-M_caYwc-01686-00333720-00333910 have working on this project
75s-M_caYwc-01687-00333911-00334054 as i mentioned we have a large number of
75s-M_caYwc-01688-00334055-00334351 users um and the back end database is
75s-M_caYwc-01689-00334352-00334510 really insufficient to
75s-M_caYwc-01690-00334511-00334678 keep up with the massive amount of
75s-M_caYwc-01691-00334679-00334958 research output that's been coming
75s-M_caYwc-01692-00334959-00335415 into the preprint and pubmed servers
75s-M_caYwc-01693-00335416-00335567 as many have mentioned i think
75s-M_caYwc-01694-00335568-00335775 sustainability and motivation of our
75s-M_caYwc-01695-00335776-00336047 reviewers is a major issue
75s-M_caYwc-01696-00336048-00336247 currently all of our faculty effort is
75s-M_caYwc-01697-00336248-00336430 volunteered i mean it's very mission
75s-M_caYwc-01698-00336431-00336567 focused but i think
75s-M_caYwc-01699-00336568-00336847 eventually that mission focus will fade
75s-M_caYwc-01700-00336848-00337143 as this pandemic continues to wane on
75s-M_caYwc-01701-00337144-00337327 we do have student reviewers and we do
75s-M_caYwc-01702-00337328-00337447 pay them but
75s-M_caYwc-01703-00337448-00337734 our money and funding is running out
75s-M_caYwc-01704-00337735-00337871 that said i think
75s-M_caYwc-01705-00337872-00338054 this has actually been a very successful
75s-M_caYwc-01706-00338055-00338334 effort this is one of the few
75s-M_caYwc-01707-00338335-00338543 high quality curation and review efforts
75s-M_caYwc-01708-00338544-00338710 on coven 19 out there
75s-M_caYwc-01709-00338711-00338958 and our reviews are specifically
75s-M_caYwc-01710-00338959-00339151 targeted and accessible for those
75s-M_caYwc-01711-00339152-00339487 and you know working in in public health
75s-M_caYwc-01712-00339488-00339710 practice so not necessarily academics
75s-M_caYwc-01713-00339711-00339854 per se
75s-M_caYwc-01714-00339855-00340078 so um thank you very much and uh if
75s-M_caYwc-01715-00340079-00340191 you're interested in chatting more
75s-M_caYwc-01716-00340192-00340303 please join us
75s-M_caYwc-01717-00340304-00340599 in breakout room five thank you okay
75s-M_caYwc-01718-00340600-00340775 thank you very much uh next we will hear
75s-M_caYwc-01719-00340776-00341015 about periodicals from boris barber
75s-M_caYwc-01720-00341016-00341327 okay hello everyone so um pleased to be
75s-M_caYwc-01721-00341328-00341439 here
75s-M_caYwc-01722-00341440-00341623 so i'm representing the pub peer
75s-M_caYwc-01723-00341624-00341903 foundation and we house the
75s-M_caYwc-01724-00341904-00342215 pubpier website that i guess some if not
75s-M_caYwc-01725-00342216-00342367 most of you know about
75s-M_caYwc-01726-00342368-00342678 which is now eight years old but i'm
75s-M_caYwc-01727-00342679-00342743 here to
75s-M_caYwc-01728-00342744-00343127 pitch a sister website that you may know
75s-M_caYwc-01729-00343128-00343247 less about
75s-M_caYwc-01730-00343248-00343471 periodicals and we're not asking for
75s-M_caYwc-01731-00343472-00343647 money i just want to take the
75s-M_caYwc-01732-00343648-00343871 opportunity to pitch the site to a
75s-M_caYwc-01733-00343872-00344063 receptive audience
75s-M_caYwc-01734-00344064-00344415 both as consumers or producers of
75s-M_caYwc-01735-00344416-00344612 content on the site
75s-M_caYwc-01736-00344613-00344734 [Music]
75s-M_caYwc-01737-00344735-00344967 to offer the site as a platform for
75s-M_caYwc-01738-00344968-00345095 curation services
75s-M_caYwc-01739-00345096-00345358 either in parallel just to increase
75s-M_caYwc-01740-00345359-00345534 exposure publicity
75s-M_caYwc-01741-00345535-00345799 or as an infrastructure for your service
75s-M_caYwc-01742-00345800-00346030 it's designed for that and
75s-M_caYwc-01743-00346031-00346287 to share a few lessons learned because
75s-M_caYwc-01744-00346288-00346478 it already exists and we've been running
75s-M_caYwc-01745-00346479-00346582 it for a while
75s-M_caYwc-01746-00346583-00347030 so the next slide um
75s-M_caYwc-01747-00347031-00347239 most of you here probably would tend to
75s-M_caYwc-01748-00347240-00347375 agree that
75s-M_caYwc-01749-00347376-00347551 journals are intended to serve the
75s-M_caYwc-01750-00347552-00347734 functions of selection
75s-M_caYwc-01751-00347735-00348054 validation and dissemination
75s-M_caYwc-01752-00348055-00348278 but have maybe gone off the rails a
75s-M_caYwc-01753-00348279-00348382 little bit
75s-M_caYwc-01754-00348383-00348758 in achieving those goals
75s-M_caYwc-01755-00348759-00349047 and in parallel the original argument of
75s-M_caYwc-01756-00349048-00349230 dissemination has now been totally
75s-M_caYwc-01757-00349231-00349423 disrupted by the internet
75s-M_caYwc-01758-00349424-00349663 so if we some of us think that journals
75s-M_caYwc-01759-00349664-00349887 aren't doing the best job they could
75s-M_caYwc-01760-00349888-00350103 why don't you do better so periodicals
75s-M_caYwc-01761-00350104-00350351 is a platform that allows you to do that
75s-M_caYwc-01762-00350352-00350527 to experiment with different
75s-M_caYwc-01763-00350528-00350806 editorial policies and to showcase your
75s-M_caYwc-01764-00350807-00351103 own expertise so next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01765-00351104-00351430 it's uh you can visit it at this
75s-M_caYwc-01766-00351431-00351654 site it's designed as a flexible
75s-M_caYwc-01767-00351655-00351799 platform for any sort of
75s-M_caYwc-01768-00351800-00352239 overlay or virtual journal you can
75s-M_caYwc-01769-00352240-00352487 curate your individual reading list or
75s-M_caYwc-01770-00352488-00352671 you can set up an editorial board
75s-M_caYwc-01771-00352672-00352895 solicit review
75s-M_caYwc-01772-00352896-00353206 um you select validate papers there's no
75s-M_caYwc-01773-00353207-00353399 actual publication what you do
75s-M_caYwc-01774-00353400-00353703 is you select existing publications
75s-M_caYwc-01775-00353704-00353903 it's a hundred percent pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-01776-00353904-00354015 compatible
75s-M_caYwc-01777-00354016-00354215 but it works with all publications they
75s-M_caYwc-01778-00354216-00354543 can be old new proven forgotten
75s-M_caYwc-01779-00354544-00354799 uh hot new things useful content is
75s-M_caYwc-01780-00354800-00354934 mirrored on pub peer
75s-M_caYwc-01781-00354935-00355087 and an excellent example of an
75s-M_caYwc-01782-00355088-00355287 individual periodical is
75s-M_caYwc-01783-00355288-00355543 theoretical neuroscience by roman brett
75s-M_caYwc-01784-00355544-00355654 and i'll try and finish
75s-M_caYwc-01785-00355655-00356023 not too late next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01786-00356024-00356278 it's been running since summer 2018 the
75s-M_caYwc-01787-00356279-00356375 lessons learned
75s-M_caYwc-01788-00356376-00356599 josh has already mentioned it's very
75s-M_caYwc-01789-00356600-00356767 hard very difficult
75s-M_caYwc-01790-00356768-00356999 it's hard work to produce high quality
75s-M_caYwc-01791-00357000-00357143 reviews
75s-M_caYwc-01792-00357144-00357351 building up an audience is difficult so
75s-M_caYwc-01793-00357352-00357471 what we're interested in
75s-M_caYwc-01794-00357472-00357791 is publicity and engagement and i just
75s-M_caYwc-01795-00357792-00358063 want to reiterate that periodicals
75s-M_caYwc-01796-00358064-00358278 can be adapted to support most curation
75s-M_caYwc-01797-00358279-00358439 pro projects and would be very
75s-M_caYwc-01798-00358440-00358654 interested to speak to anybody
75s-M_caYwc-01799-00358655-00359006 interested in that aspect thank you
75s-M_caYwc-01800-00359007-00359199 hey thank you very much boris uh we have
75s-M_caYwc-01801-00359200-00359391 a second proposal from thomas lenberger
75s-M_caYwc-01802-00359392-00359495 which is towards
75s-M_caYwc-01803-00359496-00359710 principled metrics of scientific
75s-M_caYwc-01804-00359711-00359847 influence with automat
75s-M_caYwc-01805-00359848-00360191 automatic curation and preprints okay
75s-M_caYwc-01806-00360192-00360319 well thank you thank you for your
75s-M_caYwc-01807-00360320-00360519 patience um
75s-M_caYwc-01808-00360520-00360719 so in the first project we were talking
75s-M_caYwc-01809-00360720-00360887 about the peer review process so the
75s-M_caYwc-01810-00360888-00361071 human-based evaluation of preprints and
75s-M_caYwc-01811-00361072-00361247 in that project we try to
75s-M_caYwc-01812-00361248-00361582 see the complementary aspect to see um
75s-M_caYwc-01813-00361583-00361903 to propose a curation a machine based
75s-M_caYwc-01814-00361904-00362078 curation process
75s-M_caYwc-01815-00362079-00362310 of period of preprints that would be
75s-M_caYwc-01816-00362311-00362463 complementary
75s-M_caYwc-01817-00362464-00362775 next slide
75s-M_caYwc-01818-00362776-00363071 so when talking about curation
75s-M_caYwc-01819-00363072-00363127 especially
75s-M_caYwc-01820-00363128-00363358 how curation is done at the journals i'm
75s-M_caYwc-01821-00363359-00363630 myself an editor
75s-M_caYwc-01822-00363631-00363847 one of the of the goals of of uh
75s-M_caYwc-01823-00363848-00364030 preprint curation and and
75s-M_caYwc-01824-00364031-00364367 manuscript creation is to filter a large
75s-M_caYwc-01825-00364368-00364582 amount of content
75s-M_caYwc-01826-00364583-00364806 to try to select for for relevance by
75s-M_caYwc-01827-00364807-00364895 selecting for
75s-M_caYwc-01828-00364896-00365134 a number of dimensions typically
75s-M_caYwc-01829-00365135-00365319 conceptual novelty
75s-M_caYwc-01830-00365320-00365495 significance of the findings whether the
75s-M_caYwc-01831-00365496-00365647 findings are important
75s-M_caYwc-01832-00365648-00365975 surprising the depth of the analyzes
75s-M_caYwc-01833-00365976-00366303 and and such features and there has
75s-M_caYwc-01834-00366304-00366575 have been a lot of progresses in terms
75s-M_caYwc-01835-00366576-00366782 of automatic analysis of natural
75s-M_caYwc-01836-00366783-00366878 language
75s-M_caYwc-01837-00366879-00367175 uh with with ai and it seems that the
75s-M_caYwc-01838-00367176-00367278 the time is
75s-M_caYwc-01839-00367279-00367591 ripe to attempt to derive metrics that
75s-M_caYwc-01840-00367592-00367703 are really
75s-M_caYwc-01841-00367704-00367919 concentrated on the scientific content
75s-M_caYwc-01842-00367920-00368078 of the of a preprint not
75s-M_caYwc-01843-00368079-00368382 the citation networks or not the the the
75s-M_caYwc-01844-00368383-00368551 social network activity
75s-M_caYwc-01845-00368552-00368751 but really on the on the scientific
75s-M_caYwc-01846-00368752-00368854 content
75s-M_caYwc-01847-00368855-00369078 and derive metrics that would uh be
75s-M_caYwc-01848-00369079-00369295 helpful for such an automatic uh
75s-M_caYwc-01849-00369296-00369575 automatic creation and ideally these
75s-M_caYwc-01850-00369576-00369703 metrics should be
75s-M_caYwc-01851-00369704-00369910 explainable on based on on some
75s-M_caYwc-01852-00369911-00370127 principles that define what is novelty
75s-M_caYwc-01853-00370128-00370406 in that context rather than resulting
75s-M_caYwc-01854-00370407-00370519 from a black box
75s-M_caYwc-01855-00370520-00370782 approach like by fitting through machine
75s-M_caYwc-01856-00370783-00370910 learning
75s-M_caYwc-01857-00370911-00371239 next slide so with the the early
75s-M_caYwc-01858-00371240-00371382 evidence based again we
75s-M_caYwc-01859-00371383-00371630 we are we are playing with these ideas
75s-M_caYwc-01860-00371631-00371719 we used
75s-M_caYwc-01861-00371720-00371927 an artificial intelligence platform that
75s-M_caYwc-01862-00371928-00372047 we have trained on
75s-M_caYwc-01863-00372048-00372447 on with a a project called source data
75s-M_caYwc-01864-00372448-00372654 that is able to extract hypotheses that
75s-M_caYwc-01865-00372655-00372878 are tested and reported in the figures
75s-M_caYwc-01866-00372879-00372919 of the
75s-M_caYwc-01867-00372920-00373143 of the preprints so we can run this
75s-M_caYwc-01868-00373144-00373223 engine on
75s-M_caYwc-01869-00373224-00373510 on preprints and build a knowledge graph
75s-M_caYwc-01870-00373511-00373719 based on this hypothesis
75s-M_caYwc-01871-00373720-00373919 and that is and this knowledge graph is
75s-M_caYwc-01872-00373920-00374047 really linked to the
75s-M_caYwc-01873-00374048-00374215 to the experimental evidence that are
75s-M_caYwc-01874-00374216-00374439 presented in the in the
75s-M_caYwc-01875-00374440-00374591 in the pre-print so really linked to the
75s-M_caYwc-01876-00374592-00374767 scientific content and from that
75s-M_caYwc-01877-00374768-00374871 knowledge graph
75s-M_caYwc-01878-00374872-00375063 derived metrics then that prioritize
75s-M_caYwc-01879-00375064-00375191 interesting content
75s-M_caYwc-01880-00375192-00375423 uh we are very uh at the very beginning
75s-M_caYwc-01881-00375424-00375551 of this approach
75s-M_caYwc-01882-00375552-00375823 but it seems to be to be promising to
75s-M_caYwc-01883-00375824-00375895 reach
75s-M_caYwc-01884-00375896-00376127 some metrics that allow us to to enrich
75s-M_caYwc-01885-00376128-00376223 uh for
75s-M_caYwc-01886-00376224-00376423 novel or interesting or preprints that
75s-M_caYwc-01887-00376424-00376567 bridge different fields
75s-M_caYwc-01888-00376568-00376863 so what does it bring it brings a fast
75s-M_caYwc-01889-00376864-00377182 creation that can be applied at scale
75s-M_caYwc-01890-00377183-00377463 focused on the scientific content and
75s-M_caYwc-01891-00377464-00377527 therefore
75s-M_caYwc-01892-00377528-00377702 highly complementary with the human
75s-M_caYwc-01893-00377703-00377951 based peer review process
75s-M_caYwc-01894-00377952-00378351 and last slide what we are looking
75s-M_caYwc-01895-00378352-00378678 is a an interdisciplinary group
75s-M_caYwc-01896-00378679-00378854 the the next slide if you manage to
75s-M_caYwc-01897-00378855-00378991 learn to pass
75s-M_caYwc-01898-00378992-00379215 is a multi-disciplinary team that
75s-M_caYwc-01899-00379216-00379406 combines two worlds that usually do not
75s-M_caYwc-01900-00379407-00379527 talk to each other
75s-M_caYwc-01901-00379528-00379823 one team is one one world is the the
75s-M_caYwc-01902-00379824-00380023 world of data scientists and artificial
75s-M_caYwc-01903-00380024-00380182 intelligence engineers
75s-M_caYwc-01904-00380183-00380454 and the other world is the world of of
75s-M_caYwc-01905-00380455-00380543 editorial
75s-M_caYwc-01906-00380544-00380854 curators and and and editors who
75s-M_caYwc-01907-00380855-00381191 who are well trained to select uh
75s-M_caYwc-01908-00381192-00381391 for interesting content and we would
75s-M_caYwc-01909-00381392-00381567 like to bring these two groups together
75s-M_caYwc-01910-00381568-00381982 to derive such uh such methods thank you
75s-M_caYwc-01911-00381983-00382151 okay thank you very much and next we
75s-M_caYwc-01912-00382152-00382327 have preprint review and curation by
75s-M_caYwc-01913-00382328-00382615 content type with daniel mutchin
75s-M_caYwc-01914-00382616-00382815 okay i see you have an old version of
75s-M_caYwc-01915-00382816-00383006 the slides can you reload this
75s-M_caYwc-01916-00383007-00383534 the page because i just
75s-M_caYwc-01917-00383535-00383719 i fiddled with it until a few seconds
75s-M_caYwc-01918-00383720-00384071 ago
75s-M_caYwc-01919-00384072-00384271 yeah here we go it's much more colorful
75s-M_caYwc-01920-00384272-00384487 now so the basic idea is
75s-M_caYwc-01921-00384488-00384710 preprints are a lot of things they're
75s-M_caYwc-01922-00384711-00384854 not just a
75s-M_caYwc-01923-00384855-00385151 blob of text they might contain data
75s-M_caYwc-01924-00385152-00385358 code or pointers to data or code
75s-M_caYwc-01925-00385359-00385663 protocols computational models ethics
75s-M_caYwc-01926-00385664-00385799 and so on
75s-M_caYwc-01927-00385800-00386215 next slide please so what i want to
75s-M_caYwc-01928-00386216-00386495 propose is that we clarify how the
75s-M_caYwc-01929-00386496-00386815 different kinds of materials are to be
75s-M_caYwc-01930-00386816-00387199 reviewed then we use different methods
75s-M_caYwc-01931-00387200-00387230 of
75s-M_caYwc-01932-00387231-00387471 annotating the different components so
75s-M_caYwc-01933-00387472-00387727 that they can be more easily identified
75s-M_caYwc-01934-00387728-00388071 and then actually subjected to
75s-M_caYwc-01935-00388072-00388391 type specific review that we build tools
75s-M_caYwc-01936-00388392-00388534 that support
75s-M_caYwc-01937-00388535-00388727 the process and that we signal to what
75s-M_caYwc-01938-00388728-00388967 extent a given re
75s-M_caYwc-01939-00388968-00389239 preprint or even the review of it meets
75s-M_caYwc-01940-00389240-00389367 certain standards
75s-M_caYwc-01941-00389368-00389654 for the review of such materials next
75s-M_caYwc-01942-00389655-00389878 slide
75s-M_caYwc-01943-00389879-00390191 um so how would this
75s-M_caYwc-01944-00390192-00390430 work in practice so we would start by
75s-M_caYwc-01945-00390431-00390695 looking at a corpus of preprints some
75s-M_caYwc-01946-00390696-00390863 other people who have spoken before me
75s-M_caYwc-01947-00390864-00391151 have already done this to some extent
75s-M_caYwc-01948-00391152-00391358 here the focus would be to analyze what
75s-M_caYwc-01949-00391359-00391534 kind of content types
75s-M_caYwc-01950-00391535-00391751 come with those preprints then we would
75s-M_caYwc-01951-00391752-00391887 look at what are
75s-M_caYwc-01952-00391888-00392087 best practices and best practice
75s-M_caYwc-01953-00392088-00392310 examples for the review of these kinds
75s-M_caYwc-01954-00392311-00392430 of materials
75s-M_caYwc-01955-00392431-00392678 we would distill those into best
75s-M_caYwc-01956-00392679-00392854 practice recommendations and
75s-M_caYwc-01957-00392855-00393047 the important point here would be to
75s-M_caYwc-01958-00393048-00393271 complement what thomas just said
75s-M_caYwc-01959-00393272-00393527 that it's not just for humans but also
75s-M_caYwc-01960-00393528-00393687 for machines so that the machines can
75s-M_caYwc-01961-00393688-00393871 actually assist with this process
75s-M_caYwc-01962-00393872-00394039 uh there are lots of guidances but
75s-M_caYwc-01963-00394040-00394287 they're just essentially other blobs of
75s-M_caYwc-01964-00394288-00394478 text they're not very actionable
75s-M_caYwc-01965-00394479-00394630 so we would distill those
75s-M_caYwc-01966-00394631-00394830 recommendations into validation tools
75s-M_caYwc-01967-00394831-00395006 batch systems and a dashboard
75s-M_caYwc-01968-00395007-00395206 that would show progress and then of
75s-M_caYwc-01969-00395207-00395351 course we would test
75s-M_caYwc-01970-00395352-00395599 document all of this so that we can
75s-M_caYwc-01971-00395600-00395671 improve
75s-M_caYwc-01972-00395672-00396127 step by step next slide um
75s-M_caYwc-01973-00396128-00396463 here the next slide please yeah
75s-M_caYwc-01974-00396464-00396695 here are just some examples of how we
75s-M_caYwc-01975-00396696-00396902 are annotating things already
75s-M_caYwc-01976-00396903-00397215 so uh on this is three columns basically
75s-M_caYwc-01977-00397216-00397343 on the left-hand column
75s-M_caYwc-01978-00397344-00397615 uh this is the landing page for a paper
75s-M_caYwc-01979-00397616-00397687 this
75s-M_caYwc-01980-00397688-00397943 might send you to the different sections
75s-M_caYwc-01981-00397944-00398095 of
75s-M_caYwc-01982-00398096-00398406 metadata about it in
75s-M_caYwc-01983-00398407-00398654 the middle column you have a preprint
75s-M_caYwc-01984-00398655-00398823 that's available in xml
75s-M_caYwc-01985-00398824-00399078 some of the xml is actually annotating
75s-M_caYwc-01986-00399079-00399223 certain kinds of things so like a
75s-M_caYwc-01987-00399224-00399382 genbank identifier here
75s-M_caYwc-01988-00399383-00399502 lots of other things that could be
75s-M_caYwc-01989-00399503-00399687 annotated have not been annotated but
75s-M_caYwc-01990-00399688-00399743 that's
75s-M_caYwc-01991-00399744-00400078 maybe something that machines
75s-M_caYwc-01992-00400079-00400239 machine learning could help with or we
75s-M_caYwc-01993-00400240-00400358 could actually have tools that
75s-M_caYwc-01994-00400359-00400519 facilitate that
75s-M_caYwc-01995-00400520-00400775 on the right hand side you have
75s-M_caYwc-01996-00400776-00400895 basically some clustering that is
75s-M_caYwc-01997-00400896-00401006 performed by
75s-M_caYwc-01998-00401007-00401278 a search engine in the top right i was
75s-M_caYwc-01999-00401279-00401382 just
75s-M_caYwc-02000-00401383-00401591 putting in the citation ontology because
75s-M_caYwc-02001-00401592-00401687 yes
75s-M_caYwc-02002-00401688-00401967 citations are another way of annotating
75s-M_caYwc-02003-00401968-00402023 things
75s-M_caYwc-02004-00402024-00402254 and since you can cite not only papers
75s-M_caYwc-02005-00402255-00402439 but also data set software and other
75s-M_caYwc-02006-00402440-00402543 things
75s-M_caYwc-02007-00402544-00402767 so that's these are just some
75s-M_caYwc-02008-00402768-00402927 illustrations of how we can annotate
75s-M_caYwc-02009-00402928-00403319 existing types next slide
75s-M_caYwc-02010-00403320-00403558 um so how will this help it will improve
75s-M_caYwc-02011-00403559-00403695 documentation it will
75s-M_caYwc-02012-00403696-00403895 make the documentation more actionable
75s-M_caYwc-02013-00403896-00404078 it will enable machines to do the
75s-M_caYwc-02014-00404079-00404167 automatable
75s-M_caYwc-02015-00404168-00404510 stuff um it will also assist with
75s-M_caYwc-02016-00404511-00404663 matching the content
75s-M_caYwc-02017-00404664-00404951 with human reviewers and vice versa and
75s-M_caYwc-02018-00404952-00405158 this is in contrast to current review
75s-M_caYwc-02019-00405159-00405239 practices
75s-M_caYwc-02020-00405240-00405430 when i receive a review request it
75s-M_caYwc-02021-00405431-00405647 typically disrupts my workflows
75s-M_caYwc-02022-00405648-00406063 and when i'm searching for something
75s-M_caYwc-02023-00406064-00406254 that i actually need for my research i'm
75s-M_caYwc-02024-00406255-00406439 very happy to review those things and
75s-M_caYwc-02025-00406440-00406591 right now the matching is really really
75s-M_caYwc-02026-00406592-00406671 bad
75s-M_caYwc-02027-00406672-00406927 and so this kind of activity would help
75s-M_caYwc-02028-00406928-00407054 make the match better
75s-M_caYwc-02029-00407055-00407319 and also we would signal more of the
75s-M_caYwc-02030-00407320-00407495 what the current practice is we would
75s-M_caYwc-02031-00407496-00407615 make this more visible
75s-M_caYwc-02032-00407616-00407839 and more adapted to the different kinds
75s-M_caYwc-02033-00407840-00407975 of content and
75s-M_caYwc-02034-00407976-00408223 of course changes over time over time
75s-M_caYwc-02035-00408224-00408558 could be visualized next slide
75s-M_caYwc-02036-00408559-00408815 yeah so what we need is technological
75s-M_caYwc-02037-00408816-00408982 development in terms of the validation
75s-M_caYwc-02038-00408983-00409095 tools
75s-M_caYwc-02039-00409096-00409663 um so think of it as a tool that to
75s-M_caYwc-02040-00409664-00409870 which to set or or the metadata about it
75s-M_caYwc-02041-00409871-00410014 or something it will tell you to what
75s-M_caYwc-02042-00410015-00410110 extent that
75s-M_caYwc-02043-00410112-00410399 fits with certain recommendations best
75s-M_caYwc-02044-00410400-00410518 practices
75s-M_caYwc-02045-00410519-00410766 and then you could get actually badges
75s-M_caYwc-02046-00410767-00410822 for this
75s-M_caYwc-02047-00410823-00411014 those badges batch systems need to be
75s-M_caYwc-02048-00411015-00411207 developed they need to be tested
75s-M_caYwc-02049-00411208-00411478 and they need to be adapted to the
75s-M_caYwc-02050-00411479-00411599 content types to
75s-M_caYwc-02051-00411600-00411855 maybe the communities the journals and
75s-M_caYwc-02052-00411856-00411903 the
75s-M_caYwc-02053-00411904-00412222 frequent platforms and so on um
75s-M_caYwc-02054-00412223-00412599 for that we need also collaborative
75s-M_caYwc-02055-00412600-00412855 uh feedback testing we need endorsements
75s-M_caYwc-02056-00412856-00412991 from communities that would be
75s-M_caYwc-02057-00412992-00413126 interested in this kind of thing
75s-M_caYwc-02058-00413127-00413359 and i could see interactions with lots
75s-M_caYwc-02059-00413360-00413518 of the others that are presenting here
75s-M_caYwc-02060-00413519-00413599 today
75s-M_caYwc-02061-00413600-00413870 and of course yes this would require
75s-M_caYwc-02062-00413871-00413959 funding
75s-M_caYwc-02063-00413960-00414278 and i must say i don't have this
75s-M_caYwc-02064-00414279-00414551 as a project sculpted out but i see the
75s-M_caYwc-02065-00414552-00414599 need for
75s-M_caYwc-02066-00414600-00414799 it and i'm happy to participate or join
75s-M_caYwc-02067-00414800-00414943 forces with anyone else who is
75s-M_caYwc-02068-00414943-00415199 interested in walking in this direction
75s-M_caYwc-02069-00415200-00415463 thank you all right thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-02070-00415464-00415607 uh next we have thomas
75s-M_caYwc-02071-00415608-00415887 uh crucio from bims so we hope this
75s-M_caYwc-02072-00415888-00415943 works
75s-M_caYwc-02073-00415943-00416622 with audio
75s-M_caYwc-02074-00416623-00417014 okay unfortunately
75s-M_caYwc-02075-00417015-00417351 i'm not able to hear uh yeah thomas but
75s-M_caYwc-02076-00417352-00417447 maybe i can just
75s-M_caYwc-02077-00417447-00417710 uh tell us if you want to try getting
75s-M_caYwc-02078-00417712-00417751 this
75s-M_caYwc-02079-00417752-00418063 uh worked out or jumped in um maybe
75s-M_caYwc-02080-00418064-00418343 we can just present the slides on your
75s-M_caYwc-02081-00418343-00418407 behalf
75s-M_caYwc-02082-00418408-00418759 briefly uh hopefully this uh
75s-M_caYwc-02083-00418760-00419070 my first time doing uh unwilling karaoke
75s-M_caYwc-02084-00419071-00419151 but
75s-M_caYwc-02085-00419152-00419487 um find the news uh is
75s-M_caYwc-02086-00419488-00419807 a project uh that i'll just
75s-M_caYwc-02087-00419808-00420055 perhaps read the slides for somebody who
75s-M_caYwc-02088-00420056-00420263 might not have access to seeing them
75s-M_caYwc-02089-00420264-00420431 um to understand biomed news in relation
75s-M_caYwc-02090-00420432-00420583 to pre-prints we need to
75s-M_caYwc-02091-00420584-00420847 get back to olds since the later part of
75s-M_caYwc-02092-00420847-00420895 the
75s-M_caYwc-02093-00420896-00421055 20th century math and physics had
75s-M_caYwc-02094-00421056-00421287 preprints computer science and economics
75s-M_caYwc-02095-00421288-00421439 had working papers computer science
75s-M_caYwc-02096-00421439-00421639 working papers have died
75s-M_caYwc-02097-00421639-00421870 economic working papers are alive thanks
75s-M_caYwc-02098-00421871-00422022 to rebecc
75s-M_caYwc-02099-00422023-00422327 a key part of repec is nep and new
75s-M_caYwc-02100-00422328-00422479 economics papers
75s-M_caYwc-02101-00422480-00422783 where since 1998 i have volunteers
75s-M_caYwc-02102-00422784-00422918 classifying working papers into
75s-M_caYwc-02103-00422919-00423159 subject-specific reports
75s-M_caYwc-02104-00423160-00423383 in that way working papers reach readers
75s-M_caYwc-02105-00423384-00423527 such a system could be of use to help
75s-M_caYwc-02106-00423528-00423799 the emerging life science preprints
75s-M_caYwc-02107-00423800-00424199 as soon as i found a project director
75s-M_caYwc-02108-00424200-00424414 i created a clone of nap called bims
75s-M_caYwc-02109-00424415-00424518 since 2017
75s-M_caYwc-02110-00424519-00424687 volunteers select and optionally rank
75s-M_caYwc-02111-00424688-00424863 incoming papers since there are a few
75s-M_caYwc-02112-00424864-00425191 pre-prints we use all pubmed in 2020
75s-M_caYwc-02113-00425192-00425470 pubmed started to index some pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-02114-00425471-00425622 so we cover those
75s-M_caYwc-02115-00425623-00425822 since being new is a prime advantage of
75s-M_caYwc-02116-00425823-00425991 preprints a system that brings
75s-M_caYwc-02117-00425992-00426143 apologies i have many overlapping
75s-M_caYwc-02118-00426143-00426318 windows on top of my zoom so i'm just
75s-M_caYwc-02119-00426319-00426422 moving them all around
75s-M_caYwc-02120-00426423-00426543 a system that brings new papers to
75s-M_caYwc-02121-00426543-00426679 readers will increase the compare uh
75s-M_caYwc-02122-00426680-00426839 comparative advantage of preprints it's
75s-M_caYwc-02123-00426839-00427070 really the idea to use that bio we do it
75s-M_caYwc-02124-00427071-00427279 in the rep expert we export all our data
75s-M_caYwc-02125-00427280-00427518 we hope bims can be an independent part
75s-M_caYwc-02126-00427519-00427663 and a federated set of services that
75s-M_caYwc-02127-00427664-00427799 will enable scholarly communication
75s-M_caYwc-02128-00427800-00427903 reform
75s-M_caYwc-02129-00427904-00428031 aggregate ranking can provide a
75s-M_caYwc-02130-00428032-00428335 crowdsourced form of peer review mark
75s-M_caYwc-02131-00428335-00428607 we have all skills bar marketing we need
75s-M_caYwc-02132-00428608-00428727 collaborations
75s-M_caYwc-02133-00428728-00429007 uh sorry moving my slides more than
75s-M_caYwc-02134-00429008-00429070 anything
75s-M_caYwc-02135-00429071-00429222 our main stumbling block is our
75s-M_caYwc-02136-00429223-00429422 disadvantage background
75s-M_caYwc-02137-00429423-00429663 i am a complete outsider we have no
75s-M_caYwc-02138-00429664-00429863 institutional backing level on funding
75s-M_caYwc-02139-00429864-00430014 our approach is humble conservative
75s-M_caYwc-02140-00430015-00430166 cheap and extremely unusual
75s-M_caYwc-02141-00430167-00430447 we are literally incredible that makes
75s-M_caYwc-02142-00430447-00430614 finding collaborators hard
75s-M_caYwc-02143-00430615-00430783 having an institution sponsored server
75s-M_caYwc-02144-00430784-00430943 is the most pressing need
75s-M_caYwc-02145-00430943-00431055 at this point then we'll start
75s-M_caYwc-02146-00431056-00431247 disseminating the email technical work
75s-M_caYwc-02147-00431247-00431383 and infrastructure would help there are
75s-M_caYwc-02148-00431384-00431518 serious technical challenges
75s-M_caYwc-02149-00431519-00431695 behind what looks like a 20th century
75s-M_caYwc-02150-00431696-00431847 website
75s-M_caYwc-02151-00431847-00432166 all right okay great
75s-M_caYwc-02152-00432167-00432470 so um so now we move back to
75s-M_caYwc-02153-00432471-00432622 the next project which is pre-print
75s-M_caYwc-02154-00432623-00432814 metadata and sub-meta data
75s-M_caYwc-02155-00432815-00433214 surfacing and we have thomas from pci
75s-M_caYwc-02156-00433215-00433439 thank you very much so we are indeed
75s-M_caYwc-02157-00433439-00433679 from pci but we are not going to present
75s-M_caYwc-02158-00433680-00433799 you peer community
75s-M_caYwc-02159-00433800-00434143 in pci because it's another service that
75s-M_caYwc-02160-00434143-00434222 is not
75s-M_caYwc-02161-00434223-00434479 completely linked to this print design
75s-M_caYwc-02162-00434480-00434543 although
75s-M_caYwc-02163-00434543-00434879 although pci is a reviewing service of
75s-M_caYwc-02164-00434880-00435214 for preference and also a recommendation
75s-M_caYwc-02165-00435215-00435399 service for print it means an
75s-M_caYwc-02166-00435400-00435543 endorsement service so
75s-M_caYwc-02167-00435543-00435807 i'm not going to speak about pci so the
75s-M_caYwc-02168-00435808-00435879 the idea
75s-M_caYwc-02169-00435880-00436143 is that we think that reviews and
75s-M_caYwc-02170-00436143-00436303 endorsements of preprints are not
75s-M_caYwc-02171-00436304-00436470 visible enough
75s-M_caYwc-02172-00436471-00436783 and uh so that and this is one of the
75s-M_caYwc-02173-00436784-00436847 reasons
75s-M_caYwc-02174-00436847-00437207 why we lack we miss people wanting to
75s-M_caYwc-02175-00437208-00437383 make endorsements and reviews so we need
75s-M_caYwc-02176-00437384-00437583 a general way to link
75s-M_caYwc-02177-00437584-00437847 the preprints to review to reviews and
75s-M_caYwc-02178-00437847-00437983 to endorsements
75s-M_caYwc-02179-00437984-00438287 and a way to do that is to
75s-M_caYwc-02180-00438288-00438655 propose a system of badges that will
75s-M_caYwc-02181-00438656-00438887 summarize the history of peer review and
75s-M_caYwc-02182-00438888-00439063 endorsement for each
75s-M_caYwc-02183-00439064-00439270 preprint so for instance the batch could
75s-M_caYwc-02184-00439271-00439503 be present in html pages
75s-M_caYwc-02185-00439504-00439807 of of web pages for instance
75s-M_caYwc-02186-00439808-00440031 in in search results of a very
75s-M_caYwc-02187-00440032-00440118 well-known
75s-M_caYwc-02188-00440119-00440510 search engine the badge can also be put
75s-M_caYwc-02189-00440512-00440863 in an automatized way and securitized
75s-M_caYwc-02190-00440864-00440903 way
75s-M_caYwc-02191-00440904-00441143 on the preprint itself so for instance
75s-M_caYwc-02192-00441143-00441391 in the pdf or the epub file
75s-M_caYwc-02193-00441392-00441575 so this is what we see on the on the
75s-M_caYwc-02194-00441576-00441903 right where you can see the history
75s-M_caYwc-02195-00441904-00442135 of the peer reviews and the endorsements
75s-M_caYwc-02196-00442135-00442255 and also
75s-M_caYwc-02197-00442256-00442447 all this information should be
75s-M_caYwc-02198-00442447-00442559 incorporated
75s-M_caYwc-02199-00442560-00442855 in the metadata of the of the preprint
75s-M_caYwc-02200-00442856-00442918 itself
75s-M_caYwc-02201-00442919-00443214 and this metadata should include some
75s-M_caYwc-02202-00443215-00443391 sub metadata
75s-M_caYwc-02203-00443392-00443583 about the peer reviews and the
75s-M_caYwc-02204-00443584-00443759 endorsement this is the id
75s-M_caYwc-02205-00443760-00444031 so if you have peer reviews and
75s-M_caYwc-02206-00444032-00444110 endorsements
75s-M_caYwc-02207-00444112-00444414 they will have their own doi with their
75s-M_caYwc-02208-00444415-00444631 own metadata and this metadata will be
75s-M_caYwc-02209-00444632-00444703 included
75s-M_caYwc-02210-00444704-00444975 as sub metadata into the doi and the
75s-M_caYwc-02211-00444976-00445239 metadata of the article itself this is
75s-M_caYwc-02212-00445239-00445510 basically the idea and we also propose
75s-M_caYwc-02213-00445512-00445695 to make it very visible
75s-M_caYwc-02214-00445696-00446039 a new standard for referencing preprints
75s-M_caYwc-02215-00446039-00446231 so for instance there is an example
75s-M_caYwc-02216-00446232-00446487 on the bottom of this slide where there
75s-M_caYwc-02217-00446488-00446614 is a preprint
75s-M_caYwc-02218-00446615-00446951 posted on bioarchive with the jui of the
75s-M_caYwc-02219-00446952-00447055 preprints
75s-M_caYwc-02220-00447056-00447310 the version 3 has been endorsed by
75s-M_caYwc-02221-00447312-00447383 somebody
75s-M_caYwc-02222-00447384-00447687 for pure community in for instance and
75s-M_caYwc-02223-00447688-00447943 the endorsement is based on the reviews
75s-M_caYwc-02224-00447943-00448063 by
75s-M_caYwc-02225-00448064-00448391 somebody else and uh etc and
75s-M_caYwc-02226-00448392-00448639 so each time you cite the endorsement
75s-M_caYwc-02227-00448639-00448791 the people who endorsed
75s-M_caYwc-02228-00448792-00449087 the endorsement service the reviewer on
75s-M_caYwc-02229-00449088-00449127 which
75s-M_caYwc-02230-00449128-00449414 uh the the peer review the the peer
75s-M_caYwc-02231-00449415-00449559 reviews and which the endorsement was
75s-M_caYwc-02232-00449560-00449743 made and the name of the peer review
75s-M_caYwc-02233-00449743-00449975 so it makes a long reference but there
75s-M_caYwc-02234-00449976-00450175 is no problem because we have some
75s-M_caYwc-02235-00450176-00450883 some places in html pages so next slides
75s-M_caYwc-02236-00450884-00450999 please
75s-M_caYwc-02237-00451000-00451226 so basically the idea is to
75s-M_caYwc-02238-00451227-00451439 [Music]
75s-M_caYwc-02239-00451439-00451751 to make the journal and the reviewing
75s-M_caYwc-02240-00451752-00451839 services
75s-M_caYwc-02241-00451839-00452039 uh publishing the peer reviews in open
75s-M_caYwc-02242-00452039-00452166 access with the gui
75s-M_caYwc-02243-00452167-00452422 and with their own metadata and the
75s-M_caYwc-02244-00452423-00452518 journals and
75s-M_caYwc-02245-00452519-00452783 other endorsement service should also
75s-M_caYwc-02246-00452784-00452887 mandatorily
75s-M_caYwc-02247-00452888-00453063 publish the endorsement statement in
75s-M_caYwc-02248-00453064-00453303 open access with doi and metadata and
75s-M_caYwc-02249-00453304-00453335 they
75s-M_caYwc-02250-00453335-00453518 should mention the reviews and the
75s-M_caYwc-02251-00453519-00453647 reviewers
75s-M_caYwc-02252-00453647-00453847 that served as the basis for each
75s-M_caYwc-02253-00453847-00453966 endorsement
75s-M_caYwc-02254-00453967-00454175 and in this way there will be a strong
75s-M_caYwc-02255-00454176-00454287 incentive for
75s-M_caYwc-02256-00454288-00454470 the reviewers and the editors because
75s-M_caYwc-02257-00454471-00454639 they would have their name associated
75s-M_caYwc-02258-00454639-00454831 with the preprint as reviewer or as
75s-M_caYwc-02259-00454832-00454951 editor
75s-M_caYwc-02260-00454952-00455175 and their name should be in the
75s-M_caYwc-02261-00455176-00455335 reference of the preprints
75s-M_caYwc-02262-00455335-00455559 and then names would be associated with
75s-M_caYwc-02263-00455560-00455735 the endorsement itself
75s-M_caYwc-02264-00455735-00455951 and for instance they would have their
75s-M_caYwc-02265-00455952-00456135 names included in the endorsement
75s-M_caYwc-02266-00456135-00456199 statement
75s-M_caYwc-02267-00456200-00456879 so next slide please
75s-M_caYwc-02268-00456880-00457214 so basically what we need uh there will
75s-M_caYwc-02269-00457215-00457414 be some technology development because
75s-M_caYwc-02270-00457415-00457518 we need interrupt
75s-M_caYwc-02271-00457519-00457751 interoperability between actors we need
75s-M_caYwc-02272-00457752-00457951 also the developments of
75s-M_caYwc-02273-00457952-00458222 badges and we need the development of a
75s-M_caYwc-02274-00458223-00458310 dedicated
75s-M_caYwc-02275-00458312-00458535 securitized part of the article itself
75s-M_caYwc-02276-00458535-00458614 with the patch
75s-M_caYwc-02277-00458615-00458951 in the article the goal of this proposal
75s-M_caYwc-02278-00458952-00459159 is just to obtain the agreement of
75s-M_caYwc-02279-00459160-00459431 the main actors around this uh this
75s-M_caYwc-02280-00459432-00459607 topic the pre-print servers the journal
75s-M_caYwc-02281-00459608-00459743 the dui
75s-M_caYwc-02282-00459743-00460110 issuers etc and all this is just an id
75s-M_caYwc-02283-00460112-00460335 okay we do not request request any
75s-M_caYwc-02284-00460335-00460439 funding so
75s-M_caYwc-02285-00460439-00460759 we just want the publication actors who
75s-M_caYwc-02286-00460760-00460863 are interested
75s-M_caYwc-02287-00460864-00461143 to work together and maybe with our help
75s-M_caYwc-02288-00461143-00461343 also also because we can share our
75s-M_caYwc-02289-00461343-00461535 thoughts with uh big pleasure
75s-M_caYwc-02290-00461535-00461799 so we do not request any funding and
75s-M_caYwc-02291-00461800-00461918 this is just to
75s-M_caYwc-02292-00461919-00462166 share our ideas so anybody interested
75s-M_caYwc-02293-00462167-00462239 can go
75s-M_caYwc-02294-00462239-00462479 and meet us in your in the breakout room
75s-M_caYwc-02295-00462480-00462551 after that
75s-M_caYwc-02296-00462552-00462895 thank you very much
75s-M_caYwc-02297-00462896-00463151 okay thank you very much i think that
75s-M_caYwc-02298-00463152-00463255 brings us back to
75s-M_caYwc-02299-00463256-00463383 grassroot journal since we had the
75s-M_caYwc-02300-00463384-00463575 technical issue earlier with victor's
75s-M_caYwc-02301-00463576-00463647 audio
75s-M_caYwc-02302-00463647-00463799 so we'll just jump back into these
75s-M_caYwc-02303-00463800-00464063 slides exactly let's see if it works
75s-M_caYwc-02304-00464064-00464270 this time
75s-M_caYwc-02305-00464271-00464655 so i already presented the first slide
75s-M_caYwc-02306-00464656-00464895 we can move to the next one here we just
75s-M_caYwc-02307-00464896-00464999 have to remember we
75s-M_caYwc-02308-00465000-00465159 the aim is to break the power of the
75s-M_caYwc-02309-00465160-00465383 publishers and for that we need a
75s-M_caYwc-02310-00465384-00465655 quantitative quality assessment
75s-M_caYwc-02311-00465656-00465983 um so the review page the
75s-M_caYwc-02312-00465984-00466159 the review of one article looks like
75s-M_caYwc-02313-00466160-00466439 this you can see it on the right
75s-M_caYwc-02314-00466439-00466622 it has title citation abstract and
75s-M_caYwc-02315-00466623-00466759 categories to make
75s-M_caYwc-02316-00466760-00467070 the article and the review findable um
75s-M_caYwc-02317-00467071-00467318 every review is made by multiple editors
75s-M_caYwc-02318-00467319-00467447 one name
75s-M_caYwc-02319-00467447-00467647 and they write a synthesis based upon
75s-M_caYwc-02320-00467647-00467935 all the reviews and the comments
75s-M_caYwc-02321-00467935-00468199 and that is a text and also a
75s-M_caYwc-02322-00468200-00468359 quantitative assessment
75s-M_caYwc-02323-00468360-00468559 of the scientific contribution that is
75s-M_caYwc-02324-00468560-00468751 being made so how much you compute to
75s-M_caYwc-02325-00468752-00468822 science
75s-M_caYwc-02326-00468823-00469039 the technical quality of the paper which
75s-M_caYwc-02327-00469039-00469207 i would think is important for hiring
75s-M_caYwc-02328-00469208-00469551 people and contribution to society which
75s-M_caYwc-02329-00469552-00469959 is i think for funders quite important
75s-M_caYwc-02330-00469960-00470087 next year that everyone can make
75s-M_caYwc-02331-00470088-00470279 comments everyone can add
75s-M_caYwc-02332-00470280-00470503 links to more information they are
75s-M_caYwc-02333-00470504-00470614 pre-moderated
75s-M_caYwc-02334-00470615-00470983 by the editors um
75s-M_caYwc-02335-00470984-00471191 yeah and you can also make real pre
75s-M_caYwc-02336-00471192-00471310 efforts
75s-M_caYwc-02337-00471312-00471670 uh normal people make quantitative peer
75s-M_caYwc-02338-00471671-00471807 reviews as well
75s-M_caYwc-02339-00471808-00472183 okay next slide um so what do we need
75s-M_caYwc-02340-00472184-00472391 at the moment i'm simply building our
75s-M_caYwc-02341-00472392-00472551 homepage where you can see how the
75s-M_caYwc-02342-00472552-00472710 system looks like
75s-M_caYwc-02343-00472712-00472910 in the end this should be a federated
75s-M_caYwc-02344-00472912-00473118 server with multiple servers
75s-M_caYwc-02345-00473119-00473422 all talking to each other and the next
75s-M_caYwc-02346-00473423-00473543 stage would be
75s-M_caYwc-02347-00473543-00473718 i hope that there would be multiple
75s-M_caYwc-02348-00473719-00473847 implementations
75s-M_caYwc-02349-00473847-00474110 and all those different review systems
75s-M_caYwc-02350-00474112-00474263 talk to each other
75s-M_caYwc-02351-00474264-00474503 with a common exchange protocol for the
75s-M_caYwc-02352-00474504-00474695 peer review reports and
75s-M_caYwc-02353-00474696-00474863 under quantitative assessment and the
75s-M_caYwc-02354-00474864-00475063 assessment systems
75s-M_caYwc-02355-00475064-00475231 and then finally it would become part of
75s-M_caYwc-02356-00475232-00475559 an ecosystem of open science services
75s-M_caYwc-02357-00475560-00475895 so what do we need we could either work
75s-M_caYwc-02358-00475896-00475935 on
75s-M_caYwc-02359-00475935-00476166 on the prototype website that would need
75s-M_caYwc-02360-00476167-00476359 wordpress skills i don't know how
75s-M_caYwc-02361-00476360-00476575 how much that is available here but if
75s-M_caYwc-02362-00476576-00476727 that is available that would be really
75s-M_caYwc-02363-00476728-00476895 useful for me
75s-M_caYwc-02364-00476896-00477055 we of course need to build communities
75s-M_caYwc-02365-00477056-00477175 it was already mentioned that that is
75s-M_caYwc-02366-00477176-00477366 also really a lot of work
75s-M_caYwc-02367-00477367-00477527 if i look at all the contributions i
75s-M_caYwc-02368-00477528-00477751 have seen today i have the feeling that
75s-M_caYwc-02369-00477752-00477887 many would be
75s-M_caYwc-02370-00477888-00478159 really helped by having such an exchange
75s-M_caYwc-02371-00478160-00478399 system for peer review reports
75s-M_caYwc-02372-00478400-00478647 and for maybe also for the grades we
75s-M_caYwc-02373-00478647-00478975 have preprint servers which could then
75s-M_caYwc-02374-00478976-00479287 list comments made elsewhere
75s-M_caYwc-02375-00479288-00479527 where you could make comments overlaid
75s-M_caYwc-02376-00479528-00479695 journals reviews could be
75s-M_caYwc-02377-00479696-00479870 distributed everywhere you've got
75s-M_caYwc-02378-00479871-00480055 multiple post publication peer review
75s-M_caYwc-02379-00480056-00480127 systems
75s-M_caYwc-02380-00480128-00480399 and it would be great to distribute all
75s-M_caYwc-02381-00480400-00480479 those different
75s-M_caYwc-02382-00480480-00480791 peer reviews and i think we could do
75s-M_caYwc-02383-00480792-00481503 that
75s-M_caYwc-02384-00481504-00481839 oh no okay so this
75s-M_caYwc-02385-00481839-00482062 happened again but um i think it uh
75s-M_caYwc-02386-00482063-00482214 everyone can read from the
75s-M_caYwc-02387-00482215-00482447 sheet that um that was what uh victor
75s-M_caYwc-02388-00482447-00482551 would need for
75s-M_caYwc-02389-00482552-00482791 feedback on the breakout session so next
75s-M_caYwc-02390-00482792-00482935 i want to just mention
75s-M_caYwc-02391-00482935-00483143 that um for the breakout session since
75s-M_caYwc-02392-00483143-00483279 we're a little bit late due to all the
75s-M_caYwc-02393-00483280-00483414 technical issues
75s-M_caYwc-02394-00483415-00483679 um we will still have 20 minutes per
75s-M_caYwc-02395-00483680-00483791 each session
75s-M_caYwc-02396-00483792-00484118 so i'm just trying to add the um updated
75s-M_caYwc-02397-00484119-00484262 time onto the signup sheet
75s-M_caYwc-02398-00484263-00484583 so we will begin in three minutes so uh
75s-M_caYwc-02399-00484584-00484614 and
75s-M_caYwc-02400-00484615-00484870 uh yeah so in terms of logistics there
75s-M_caYwc-02401-00484871-00484918 should be
75s-M_caYwc-02402-00484919-00485055 you should be able to screen share and
75s-M_caYwc-02403-00485056-00485207 the role of the moderator is to make
75s-M_caYwc-02404-00485208-00485407 sure that everybody stays on topic
75s-M_caYwc-02405-00485408-00485759 and that everything is constructive
75s-M_caYwc-02406-00485760-00486047 and next so and if you haven't received
75s-M_caYwc-02407-00486047-00486214 the sign up sheet already i will share
75s-M_caYwc-02408-00486215-00486383 it again inside in the chat
75s-M_caYwc-02409-00486384-00486575 i'll share the link and it should look
75s-M_caYwc-02410-00486576-00486687 like this so
75s-M_caYwc-02411-00486688-00486862 um please see that there's a maximum
75s-M_caYwc-02412-00486863-00487022 number of participants per
75s-M_caYwc-02413-00487023-00487279 each room so we hope that we'll be able
75s-M_caYwc-02414-00487280-00487383 to let everyone
75s-M_caYwc-02415-00487384-00487599 into a room and distribute the number of
75s-M_caYwc-02416-00487600-00487775 participants evenly
75s-M_caYwc-02417-00487776-00488110 so uh without further ado let's meet in
75s-M_caYwc-02418-00488112-00488222 the breakout sessions
75s-M_caYwc-02419-00488223-00488743 so the link is coming here in the chat