Wj11UTb2zug-00000-00000968-00001491 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00001-00001492-00001596 foreign
Wj11UTb2zug-00002-00001597-00001655 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00003-00001655-00001837 [Applause]
Wj11UTb2zug-00004-00001838-00004790 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00005-00004791-00005527 [Laughter]
Wj11UTb2zug-00006-00005528-00006278 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00007-00006279-00007138 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00009-00010806-00011283 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00010-00011284-00011590 so
Wj11UTb2zug-00011-00011591-00013038 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00012-00013040-00013553 [Music]
Wj11UTb2zug-00015-00026639-00026847 you
Wjauw665zTA-00000-00000431-00000647 hi i'm sean connelly
Wjauw665zTA-00001-00000648-00000871 i'm in portland oregon on the west coast
Wjauw665zTA-00002-00000872-00001079 of the united states and i'm one of your
Wjauw665zTA-00003-00001080-00001231 facilitators
Wjauw665zTA-00004-00001232-00001487 welcome to the first week of our virtual
Wjauw665zTA-00005-00001488-00001702 exchange
Wjauw665zTA-00006-00001703-00001967 we have three goals for this week
Wjauw665zTA-00007-00001968-00002167 the first goal is to get to know one
Wjauw665zTA-00008-00002168-00002271 another
Wjauw665zTA-00009-00002272-00002479 we have a forum where you can introduce
Wjauw665zTA-00010-00002480-00002639 yourself to the group
Wjauw665zTA-00011-00002640-00002871 and i encourage you to post to this
Wjauw665zTA-00012-00002872-00003102 forum as soon as you can
Wjauw665zTA-00013-00003103-00003343 and to return to it regularly so that
Wjauw665zTA-00014-00003344-00003527 you can get to know the others
Wjauw665zTA-00015-00003528-00003743 as they post
Wjauw665zTA-00016-00003744-00003951 you can also support all of us in
Wjauw665zTA-00017-00003952-00004183 getting to know you and one another
Wjauw665zTA-00018-00004184-00004543 by adding a photo to your canvas profile
Wjauw665zTA-00019-00004544-00004791 even a short bio could be added there to
Wjauw665zTA-00020-00004792-00005086 help us know who you are
Wjauw665zTA-00021-00005087-00005311 this brings me to goal two which is
Wjauw665zTA-00022-00005312-00005583 learning the canvas platform
Wjauw665zTA-00023-00005584-00005806 our exchange will take place on this
Wjauw665zTA-00024-00005807-00006111 platform that you're using right now
Wjauw665zTA-00025-00006112-00006327 we have tasks this week that will help
Wjauw665zTA-00026-00006328-00006503 you learn to use some of the features in
Wjauw665zTA-00027-00006504-00006606 canvas
Wjauw665zTA-00028-00006608-00006959 and get more comfortable with canvas
Wjauw665zTA-00029-00006959-00007191 our third goal for the week is for you
Wjauw665zTA-00030-00007192-00007398 to familiarize yourselves with the
Wjauw665zTA-00031-00007400-00007670 virtual exchange program itself and how
Wjauw665zTA-00032-00007672-00007895 to make the most of this exchange
Wjauw665zTA-00033-00007895-00008119 experience
Wjauw665zTA-00034-00008120-00008319 we also want to introduce you to the
Wjauw665zTA-00035-00008320-00008551 open education resources
Wjauw665zTA-00036-00008552-00008774 that will be used throughout the
Wjauw665zTA-00037-00008775-00009023 exchange and are available to you at any
Wjauw665zTA-00038-00009024-00009223 time
Wjauw665zTA-00039-00009224-00009471 if you have any questions please post
Wjauw665zTA-00040-00009472-00009663 them to the help forum
Wjauw665zTA-00041-00009664-00009895 the facilitators and mentors are here to
Wjauw665zTA-00042-00009896-00010151 support you in getting the most out of
Wjauw665zTA-00043-00010152-00010431 the exchange so don't hesitate to
Wjauw665zTA-00044-00010432-00010678 contact us
Wjauw665zTA-00045-00010679-00010871 i look forward to meeting you this week
Wjauw665zTA-00046-00010872-00011055 and getting to know you over the next 10
Wjauw665zTA-00047-00011056-00011452 weeks of our exchange together
WlU3xbzGJrc-00000-00000696-00000823 i like the internet
WlU3xbzGJrc-00001-00000824-00000999 it can just be really overwhelming at
WlU3xbzGJrc-00002-00001000-00001158 times especially with all these
WlU3xbzGJrc-00003-00001159-00001391 beautiful people and the flawless photos
WlU3xbzGJrc-00004-00001392-00001535 and all the likes you can get
WlU3xbzGJrc-00005-00001536-00001639 it really makes you think about what
WlU3xbzGJrc-00006-00001639-00001839 you're going to post and get really
WlU3xbzGJrc-00007-00001839-00001942 jealous sometimes
WlU3xbzGJrc-00008-00001943-00002063 i mean you pretend it's not going to
WlU3xbzGJrc-00009-00002064-00002247 affect you but it really can
WlU3xbzGJrc-00010-00002248-00002479 change your mood i mean if you put any
WlU3xbzGJrc-00011-00002480-00002695 profile picture up or
WlU3xbzGJrc-00012-00002696-00002983 any picture and no one likes it it can
WlU3xbzGJrc-00013-00002984-00003118 just be really
WlU3xbzGJrc-00014-00003119-00003367 embarrassing i mean sometimes i'll
WlU3xbzGJrc-00015-00003368-00003527 delete it not always but
WlU3xbzGJrc-00016-00003528-00003767 sometimes you just feel so rubbish
WlU3xbzGJrc-00017-00003768-00003943 especially when say
WlU3xbzGJrc-00018-00003944-00004127 someone posts a really exciting photo
WlU3xbzGJrc-00019-00004128-00004263 having an amazing time and you're just
WlU3xbzGJrc-00020-00004264-00004438 there sitting watching
WlU3xbzGJrc-00021-00004439-00004863 tv or something i mean then again
WlU3xbzGJrc-00022-00004864-00005683 life always looks more exciting online
WlU3xbzGJrc-00023-00005684-00006167 right
WlU3xbzGJrc-00024-00006168-00006376 you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00000-00000101-00000350 hello I'm going to show you how do you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00001-00000351-00000520 can start creating infographics
WmZcdgiCgVg-00002-00000521-00000848 piktochart is a really easy program to
WmZcdgiCgVg-00003-00000849-00001054 use you can get it for free on your
WmZcdgiCgVg-00004-00001055-00001439 browser so you just click to login and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00005-00001440-00001663 you can sign in through google as well
WmZcdgiCgVg-00006-00001664-00001909 so i'm just going to sign into my google
WmZcdgiCgVg-00007-00001910-00002309 accounts when you open up piktochart you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00008-00002310-00002500 can go to your saved ones you've already
WmZcdgiCgVg-00009-00002501-00002720 done to continue working or picked out
WmZcdgiCgVg-00010-00002721-00002950 theme so you can choose you can choose
WmZcdgiCgVg-00011-00002951-00003215 by categories or you can just look at
WmZcdgiCgVg-00012-00003215-00003377 the default of what they have there in
WmZcdgiCgVg-00013-00003378-00003647 the first page some of these themes you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00014-00003647-00003929 have to upgrade to use them but a lot of
WmZcdgiCgVg-00015-00003929-00004184 them are free so the hardest part I
WmZcdgiCgVg-00016-00004185-00004328 think about creating infographics is
WmZcdgiCgVg-00017-00004329-00004541 picturing it in your mind so you're
WmZcdgiCgVg-00018-00004542-00004897 putting data into images so try to look
WmZcdgiCgVg-00019-00004898-00005113 through the themes that are given to you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00020-00005114-00005306 and see which one works best you can
WmZcdgiCgVg-00021-00005307-00005516 always customize later but it's good to
WmZcdgiCgVg-00022-00005517-00005656 get an idea of what you want it to look
WmZcdgiCgVg-00023-00005657-00005834 like so I'm going to click on one of
WmZcdgiCgVg-00024-00005835-00006143 them I'm going to preview it I think it
WmZcdgiCgVg-00025-00006144-00006585 looks good i'm going to pick this theme
WmZcdgiCgVg-00026-00006586-00006853 so these themes are basically templates
WmZcdgiCgVg-00027-00006854-00007042 and i can change a lot about these
WmZcdgiCgVg-00028-00007043-00007417 templates i can click on say this title
WmZcdgiCgVg-00029-00007418-00007696 here and i can change this to whatever I
WmZcdgiCgVg-00030-00007697-00007996 want you'll notice that it's a little
WmZcdgiCgVg-00031-00007997-00008177 bit like word so I can go down here and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00032-00008178-00008432 change the font style and the size and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00033-00008433-00008594 the boldness and where it's the
WmZcdgiCgVg-00034-00008595-00008927 alignment they have a lot of stuff in
WmZcdgiCgVg-00035-00008928-00009101 here for you all ready to give you ideas
WmZcdgiCgVg-00036-00009102-00009269 a lot of this is in Latin here so it's
WmZcdgiCgVg-00037-00009270-00009494 just a sort of a placeholder and you can
WmZcdgiCgVg-00038-00009495-00009671 remove things so just clicking on it and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00039-00009672-00009863 click and delete and you can go down and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00040-00009864-00010142 add in some icons so I can drag in any
WmZcdgiCgVg-00041-00010143-00010442 pictures that I want I can resize them
WmZcdgiCgVg-00042-00010443-00010634 so a lot of things that you're used to
WmZcdgiCgVg-00043-00010635-00011101 doing if you use words or powerpoints
WmZcdgiCgVg-00044-00011102-00011498 you can also do things like add blocks
WmZcdgiCgVg-00045-00011499-00011838 in so I'm going to make this pictograph
WmZcdgiCgVg-00046-00011839-00012062 infographic a little bit longer and then
WmZcdgiCgVg-00047-00012063-00012323 I can copy and paste images in from up
WmZcdgiCgVg-00048-00012324-00012368 here
WmZcdgiCgVg-00049-00012369-00012632 down to the bottom so you can really
WmZcdgiCgVg-00050-00012633-00012835 customize your infographic to look
WmZcdgiCgVg-00051-00012836-00013043 however you want it to look as you go
WmZcdgiCgVg-00052-00013044-00013340 you'll want to go to file save and just
WmZcdgiCgVg-00053-00013341-00013622 save periodically so I'm going to leave
WmZcdgiCgVg-00054-00013622-00013862 that as my title and click OK and that's
WmZcdgiCgVg-00055-00013863-00014090 going to save it for me so you can share
WmZcdgiCgVg-00056-00014091-00014306 these infographics two ways you can
WmZcdgiCgVg-00057-00014307-00014819 share it through an HTML you are out and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00058-00014819-00015074 that is stable so any changes that you
WmZcdgiCgVg-00059-00015075-00015316 make after you share that URL that will
WmZcdgiCgVg-00060-00015318-00015527 keep updating so that's the benefit of
WmZcdgiCgVg-00061-00015528-00015916 using the H the URL you can also share
WmZcdgiCgVg-00062-00015918-00016225 through creating a JPEG or a PNG image
WmZcdgiCgVg-00063-00016226-00016502 so you just click export when you're
WmZcdgiCgVg-00064-00016503-00016850 done and you click publish to HTML so
WmZcdgiCgVg-00065-00016851-00017033 you can publish to HTML you can get the
WmZcdgiCgVg-00066-00017034-00017483 URL or you can get an image here so
WmZcdgiCgVg-00067-00017484-00017770 piktochart is a really easy way to start
WmZcdgiCgVg-00068-00017771-00018044 thinking about using infographics and
WmZcdgiCgVg-00069-00018045-00018305 infographics are a great way to really
WmZcdgiCgVg-00070-00018306-00018566 quickly display some data when you don't
WmZcdgiCgVg-00071-00018567-00018728 want to read a full report or you don't
WmZcdgiCgVg-00072-00018729-00018899 want to make someone else where you to
WmZcdgiCgVg-00073-00018900-00019219 full report with lots of data putting it
WmZcdgiCgVg-00074-00019220-00019409 into a visual way is really really
WmZcdgiCgVg-00075-00019410-00019658 helpful so have fun with Pictou chart
WmZcdgiCgVg-00076-00019659-00019973 and happy creating
Wn_TDueb27M-00000-00000050-00000284 Buddhism is recognized in the Baha'i
Wn_TDueb27M-00001-00000285-00000497 faith as one of nine known religions and
Wn_TDueb27M-00002-00000498-00000638 it's scriptures are regarded as
Wn_TDueb27M-00003-00000639-00000800 predicting the coming of baha'u'llah
Wn_TDueb27M-00004-00000801-00001058 Maitreya Buddha is included in the
Wn_TDueb27M-00005-00001059-00001312 succession of manifestations of God the
Wn_TDueb27M-00006-00001313-00001493 authenticity of the current Canon of
Wn_TDueb27M-00007-00001494-00001693 Buddhist scriptures as seen as uncertain
Wn_TDueb27M-00008-00001694-00001918 in recent years there has been an
Wn_TDueb27M-00009-00001919-00002084 increase in the number of the highest
Wn_TDueb27M-00010-00002085-00002552 from Buddhist background
Wn_TDueb27M-00011-00002553-00003049 topic the high scholarship
Wn_TDueb27M-00012-00003050-00003256 the differences between religious
Wn_TDueb27M-00013-00003257-00003472 concepts in Buddhism and the Abrahamic
Wn_TDueb27M-00014-00003472-00003652 religions has caused questions for
Wn_TDueb27M-00015-00003653-00003931 Baha'i scholarship Jamshed foz dar
Wn_TDueb27M-00016-00003932-00004117 presents the Buddhist teaching about an
Wn_TDueb27M-00017-00004118-00004318 unknowable reality as referring to the
Wn_TDueb27M-00018-00004319-00004510 concept of God for example in the
Wn_TDueb27M-00019-00004511-00004681 following passage from the Adana
Wn_TDueb27M-00020-00004682-00004960 the 0.81 in the CUDA Kanda kaya there is
Wn_TDueb27M-00021-00004961-00005299 a monk's and unborn unoriginal uncreated
Wn_TDueb27M-00022-00005300-00005643 unformed were there not o monks this
Wn_TDueb27M-00023-00005644-00005995 unborn unoriginal uncreated unformed
Wn_TDueb27M-00024-00005996-00006172 there would be no escape from the world
Wn_TDueb27M-00025-00006173-00006459 of the born originated created formed
Wn_TDueb27M-00026-00006459-00006738 since amongst there is an unborn
Wn_TDueb27M-00027-00006739-00006859 unoriginal
Wn_TDueb27M-00028-00006859-00007146 uncreated unformed therefore is there an
Wn_TDueb27M-00029-00007147-00007408 escape from the born originated created
Wn_TDueb27M-00030-00007409-00007713 formed mujin moment shows the many
Wn_TDueb27M-00031-00007714-00007888 similarities between the ethical
Wn_TDueb27M-00032-00007889-00008088 teachings in Theravada Buddhism and the
Wn_TDueb27M-00033-00008089-00008242 Baha'i faith and states that the
Wn_TDueb27M-00034-00008243-00008434 metaphysical differences originate from
Wn_TDueb27M-00035-00008435-00008949 culture bound terminologies
Wn_TDueb27M-00036-00008950-00009463 topic Eightfold noble path
Wn_TDueb27M-00037-00009464-00009727 the bahá'í teachings uphold all parts of
Wn_TDueb27M-00038-00009728-00009910 the Eightfold noble path right view
Wn_TDueb27M-00039-00009911-00010114 right aim or right mindedness right
Wn_TDueb27M-00040-00010115-00010296 speech right action Right Livelihood
Wn_TDueb27M-00041-00010297-00010539 right effort or endeavor right
Wn_TDueb27M-00042-00010540-00011014 mindfulness and right contemplation
Wn_TDueb27M-00043-00011015-00011538 topic see also
Wn_TDueb27M-00044-00011539-00011868 the high faith and Hinduism Baha'i faith
Wn_TDueb27M-00045-00011869-00012348 and Zoroastrianism religion in India the
Wn_TDueb27M-00046-00012349-00012663 high faith in Nepal Baha'i faith in the
Wn_TDueb27M-00047-00012664-00013096 unity of religion
Wn_TDueb27M-00048-00013097-00013977 topic references fauzdaar Jamshed k 1995
Wn_TDueb27M-00049-00013978-00014344 1973 the god of buddha are each a perm
Wn_TDueb27M-00050-00014344-00014857 italy casa editrice bhai srl ISBN 8 8 7
Wn_TDueb27M-00051-00014858-00015504 2 1 4 o 3 1 5 o el 2 for 300 3 6 3 M
Wn_TDueb27M-00052-00015505-00015931 momen Mugen 1994 Buddhism and the Baha'i
Wn_TDueb27M-00053-00015932-00016341 faith oxford UK Jorge Ronald ISBN Oh
Wn_TDueb27M-00054-00016343-00016531 eight five three nine eight three eight
Wn_TDueb27M-00055-00016532-00016759 four four short version of this title
Wn_TDueb27M-00056-00016760-00017209 here momen Mugen 1988 studies in the
Wn_TDueb27M-00057-00017210-00017482 Bobby and Baha'i religions vol 5 chapter
Wn_TDueb27M-00058-00017483-00017797 a basis for behind metaphysics Kalam at
Wn_TDueb27M-00059-00017798-00018400 press pp 185 to 217 ISBN o nine three
Wn_TDueb27M-00060-00018401-00019013 three seven seven oh seven two three
Wn_TDueb27M-00061-00019014-00019469 topic further reading
Wn_TDueb27M-00062-00019470-00019832 buck Christopher 1980 the mystery of the
Wn_TDueb27M-00063-00019833-00020054 sordid warrior in Hindu apocalypse was
Wn_TDueb27M-00064-00020055-00020486 Kalki vis Nia's Baha'u'llah Cole 1 1996
Wn_TDueb27M-00065-00020487-00020833 a Zen gloss on Bahamas commentary on he
Wn_TDueb27M-00066-00020834-00021154 who knoweth his self knoweth his Lord
Wn_TDueb27M-00067-00021155-00021523 Faber roll in 2017 bahá'u'lláh and the
Wn_TDueb27M-00068-00021524-00021748 luminous mind bhai gloss on a Buddhist
Wn_TDueb27M-00069-00021749-00022068 puzzle in lights of her fond 18 fauzdaar
Wn_TDueb27M-00070-00022069-00022528 Jamshed K 1976 Buddha Maitreya Amitabha
Wn_TDueb27M-00071-00022529-00022804 has appeared new delhi india bhai
Wn_TDueb27M-00072-00022805-00023101 publishing trust ISBN eight one eight
Wn_TDueb27M-00073-00023102-00023394 five oh nine one eight three eight
Wn_TDueb27M-00074-00023395-00023800 Kluger e'en 2006 Buddhism and the Baha'i
Wn_TDueb27M-00075-00023801-00024063 writings and ontological reproach maan
Wn_TDueb27M-00076-00024064-00024457 Kluger e'en 2013 the Baha'i writings and
Wn_TDueb27M-00077-00024458-00024631 the Buddhist doctrine of emptiness an
Wn_TDueb27M-00078-00024632-00025090 initial survey Sowers michael 2000 Hindu
Wn_TDueb27M-00079-00025091-00025264 and Buddhist scripture in Baha'i
Wn_TDueb27M-00080-00025265-00025585 scripture without syllable or sound the
Wn_TDueb27M-00081-00025586-00025768 world's sacred scriptures in the Baha'i
Wn_TDueb27M-00082-00025769-00026125 faith Los Angeles United States Kalam at
Wn_TDueb27M-00083-00026126-00026479 press ISBN one eight nine oh six eight
Wn_TDueb27M-00084-00026480-00026839 eight oh six one related documents on
Wn_TDueb27M-00085-00026839-00027276 Baha'i library online
Wn_TDueb27M-00086-00027277-00027829 topic external links
Wn_TDueb27M-00087-00027830-00028161 abdu l-bahá and shoghi effendi Buddha
Wn_TDueb27M-00088-00028162-00028224 Krishna
Wn_TDueb27M-00089-00028225-00028495 Zoroaster and related subjects compiled
Wn_TDueb27M-00090-00028495-00028702 by research department of the universal
Wn_TDueb27M-00091-00028702-00029064 House of Justice big statement the
Wn_TDueb27M-00092-00029065-00029254 common goal of universal peace in
Wn_TDueb27M-00093-00029255-00029540 Buddhism and the Baha'i faith 1990
Wn_TDueb27M-00094-00029541-00029997 prophecy fulfilled Buddhist prophecies
WnVv88c5JKg-00000-00000000-00000320 the it is therefore no time for members
WnVv88c5JKg-00001-00000321-00000499 davison member from cinco great Thank
WnVv88c5JKg-00002-00000500-00000767 You mr. speaker I'm pleased to rise
WnVv88c5JKg-00003-00000768-00000944 today to remind members of this house
WnVv88c5JKg-00004-00000944-00001133 and all Ontarians that this saturday
WnVv88c5JKg-00005-00001134-00001399 marks Ontario's second annual Christmas
WnVv88c5JKg-00006-00001400-00001616 tree days this day is meant to bring
WnVv88c5JKg-00007-00001617-00001834 awareness to the tremendous benefit the
WnVv88c5JKg-00008-00001835-00002021 Christmas tree industry has on our
WnVv88c5JKg-00009-00002022-00002255 province not only to agriculture but
WnVv88c5JKg-00010-00002256-00002500 also benefits the environment tourism
WnVv88c5JKg-00011-00002501-00002734 employment and the economy Christmas
WnVv88c5JKg-00012-00002735-00002908 tree farmers of Ontario have a new
WnVv88c5JKg-00013-00002909-00003173 slogan this year it reads we are tree
WnVv88c5JKg-00014-00003174-00003406 farmers and we take carbon out of the
WnVv88c5JKg-00015-00003407-00003668 air it speaks to the organization's
WnVv88c5JKg-00016-00003669-00003815 mandate to bring awareness to the
WnVv88c5JKg-00017-00003815-00003988 benefit of buying a real Christmas tree
WnVv88c5JKg-00018-00003989-00004204 you speaker let me briefly touch upon
WnVv88c5JKg-00019-00004205-00004484 some of those benefits Christmas trees
WnVv88c5JKg-00020-00004485-00004754 are a renewable agricultural crop for
WnVv88c5JKg-00021-00004755-00004963 every tree cut down ten more our planet
WnVv88c5JKg-00022-00004964-00005206 to ensure sustainability tree farms
WnVv88c5JKg-00023-00005207-00005404 counteract the human use of fossil fuels
WnVv88c5JKg-00024-00005405-00005651 and remove 13 tons of airborne
WnVv88c5JKg-00025-00005652-00005959 pollutants per acre per year trees
WnVv88c5JKg-00026-00005960-00006152 provide a protective a protective haven
WnVv88c5JKg-00027-00006153-00006343 for a variety of bird and mammal species
WnVv88c5JKg-00028-00006344-00006602 the edge effect created by a row of
WnVv88c5JKg-00029-00006603-00006910 Christmas trees next to a woodlot or an
WnVv88c5JKg-00030-00006911-00007058 open field is no one to increase
WnVv88c5JKg-00031-00007059-00007309 wildlife diversity real christmas trees
WnVv88c5JKg-00032-00007311-00007573 are completely biodegradable and return
WnVv88c5JKg-00033-00007575-00007774 their stored nutrients to the soil from
WnVv88c5JKg-00034-00007775-00008006 which they came mr. speaker buying a
WnVv88c5JKg-00035-00008006-00008177 Christmas tree is an easy way to help
WnVv88c5JKg-00036-00008178-00008423 the environment and our economy on
WnVv88c5JKg-00037-00008424-00008588 behalf of Christmas tree farmers of
WnVv88c5JKg-00038-00008589-00008855 Ontario I encourage all Ontarians to buy
WnVv88c5JKg-00039-00008856-00009124 a real tree this holiday season and help
WnVv88c5JKg-00040-00009125-00009380 support an important industry in Ontario
WnVv88c5JKg-00041-00009381-00009551 finally I'd like to thank Fred
WnVv88c5JKg-00042-00009552-00009739 Somerville and Shirley Brennan from
WnVv88c5JKg-00043-00009740-00009956 Christmas tree farmers Ontario for their
WnVv88c5JKg-00044-00009957-00010103 hard work and advocacy within the
WnVv88c5JKg-00045-00010104-00010316 industry and toward the establishment of
WnVv88c5JKg-00046-00010317-00010613 Christmas tree days
WnVv88c5JKg-00047-00010614-00010851 remember from windsor-tecumseh good
WnVv88c5JKg-00048-00010852-00011004 afternoon Speaker I want to tell you
WnVv88c5JKg-00049-00011005-00011151 about the Windsor residents for young
WnVv88c5JKg-00050-00011152-00011412 men a friend of mine Greg Gulen saw the
WnVv88c5JKg-00051-00011413-00011700 need for such a facility 16 years ago
WnVv88c5JKg-00052-00011701-00011985 hello our area has several places to
WnVv88c5JKg-00053-00011986-00012237 house homeless young women it was taken
WnVv88c5JKg-00054-00012238-00012420 for granted that homeless teenage boys
WnVv88c5JKg-00055-00012421-00012701 or young men could look after themselves
WnVv88c5JKg-00056-00012702-00012915 Windsor was the only major city in
WnVv88c5JKg-00057-00012916-00013131 Canada whether it was not a place to get
WnVv88c5JKg-00058-00013132-00013359 homeless male youth off the streets it
WnVv88c5JKg-00059-00013360-00013622 took 12 years to get it open but they've
WnVv88c5JKg-00060-00013624-00013763 had tremendous success over the past
WnVv88c5JKg-00061-00013765-00014022 four years the Windsor residents for
WnVv88c5JKg-00062-00014022-00014216 young men helps clients find pride in
WnVv88c5JKg-00063-00014218-00014441 themselves they've had a sixty-six
WnVv88c5JKg-00064-00014443-00014628 percent success rate have helped
WnVv88c5JKg-00065-00014629-00014778 hundreds of young people get their lives
WnVv88c5JKg-00066-00014779-00015047 back on track some are going to be
WnVv88c5JKg-00067-00015049-00015194 united with their families some have
WnVv88c5JKg-00068-00015196-00015372 found employment and many of them are
WnVv88c5JKg-00069-00015372-00015609 doing well in school again they rely on
WnVv88c5JKg-00070-00015610-00015804 donations which is why they're
WnVv88c5JKg-00071-00015805-00015986 struggling to pay their hydro bills
WnVv88c5JKg-00072-00015987-00016221 hydro costs used to be three hundred
WnVv88c5JKg-00073-00016222-00016407 dollars sometimes for now they're six
WnVv88c5JKg-00074-00016408-00016556 hundred dollars sometimes eight
WnVv88c5JKg-00075-00016557-00016872 charities such as the Windsor residence
WnVv88c5JKg-00076-00016873-00017091 or young men should be using their money
WnVv88c5JKg-00077-00017092-00017235 to keep young men off the streets
WnVv88c5JKg-00078-00017236-00017562 instead they're paying profits to the
WnVv88c5JKg-00079-00017563-00017736 private investors who own more and more
WnVv88c5JKg-00080-00017737-00017955 shares of hydro one this government
WnVv88c5JKg-00081-00017956-00018231 should be providing hydro great relief
WnVv88c5JKg-00082-00018232-00018492 to charities that provide services to
WnVv88c5JKg-00083-00018493-00018756 low-income and vulnerable people instead
WnVv88c5JKg-00084-00018757-00019014 of selling off hydro one the Windsor
WnVv88c5JKg-00085-00019015-00019260 residents for young men doesn't support
WnVv88c5JKg-00086-00019261-00019524 homelessness speaker they want to end it
WnVv88c5JKg-00087-00019525-00019761 thank you thank you further than the
WnVv88c5JKg-00088-00019762-00020031 Faceman from BGC short well thank you
WnVv88c5JKg-00089-00020032-00020235 speaker today I want to talk a little
WnVv88c5JKg-00090-00020236-00020394 bit about what an incredible week this
WnVv88c5JKg-00091-00020395-00020715 has been for me and it reminds me of how
WnVv88c5JKg-00092-00020716-00020897 lucky all of us are to represent our
WnVv88c5JKg-00093-00020898-00021132 constituencies in the house the things
WnVv88c5JKg-00094-00021133-00021288 that we get to do to help regular people
WnVv88c5JKg-00095-00021289-00021525 in Ontario this week on Tuesday the
WnVv88c5JKg-00096-00021526-00021696 committee of regulations and private
WnVv88c5JKg-00097-00021697-00021912 bills met to discuss my bill 47
WnVv88c5JKg-00098-00021913-00022140 protecting loyalty reward points bill
WnVv88c5JKg-00099-00022141-00022332 and I want to take a smoke to thank the
WnVv88c5JKg-00100-00022333-00022482 premier for her leadership of the
WnVv88c5JKg-00101-00022483-00022758 Minister for allowing me and all members
WnVv88c5JKg-00102-00022759-00022917 of this house of the house leaders
WnVv88c5JKg-00103-00022918-00023106 particularly for agreeing to fast-track
WnVv88c5JKg-00104-00023107-00023283 this bill through committee to third
WnVv88c5JKg-00105-00023284-00023454 reading which will happen next Monday
WnVv88c5JKg-00106-00023455-00023676 this is an important bill I believe for
WnVv88c5JKg-00107-00023677-00023793 consumers in Ontario
WnVv88c5JKg-00108-00023794-00023925 at the committee we heard from
WnVv88c5JKg-00109-00023926-00024105 stakeholders we heard from constituents
WnVv88c5JKg-00110-00024106-00024309 we heard from individuals like Michael
WnVv88c5JKg-00111-00024310-00024540 Judd who represents soul like the
WnVv88c5JKg-00112-00024541-00024729 consumer experience for so many people
WnVv88c5JKg-00113-00024730-00024924 who have tried to get onto websites
WnVv88c5JKg-00114-00024925-00025173 tried to get ahold of air miles in this
WnVv88c5JKg-00115-00025174-00025344 case in order to find out how many
WnVv88c5JKg-00116-00025345-00025455 points that there is we're going to
WnVv88c5JKg-00117-00025456-00025664 expire they were concerned they're angry
WnVv88c5JKg-00118-00025666-00025797 about it and in the course of
WnVv88c5JKg-00119-00025798-00025964 conversations my constituents and
WnVv88c5JKg-00120-00025966-00026139 beaches east york we knew this was
WnVv88c5JKg-00121-00026139-00026313 something we had to move on we could
WnVv88c5JKg-00122-00026314-00026514 have done nothing but we became the only
WnVv88c5JKg-00123-00026514-00026714 province so far in canada who's moving
WnVv88c5JKg-00124-00026716-00027114 on disallowing expiry of air miles and
WnVv88c5JKg-00125-00027114-00027261 i'm very pleased that we're taking that
WnVv88c5JKg-00126-00027262-00027452 leadership and for me this bill was the
WnVv88c5JKg-00127-00027454-00027606 third private member's bill that i
WnVv88c5JKg-00128-00027607-00027768 brought forward which has that same
WnVv88c5JKg-00129-00027769-00028011 theme of canseco Tecton consumers right
WnVv88c5JKg-00130-00028012-00028242 from the tipping bill from stopping day
WnVv88c5JKg-00131-00028243-00028473 cares for charging on Richard Hart
WnVv88c5JKg-00132-00028474-00028818 charging administration fees now I know
WnVv88c5JKg-00133-00028819-00028986 everyone in this house had experienced
WnVv88c5JKg-00134-00028987-00029124 air miles and we're delighted that we
WnVv88c5JKg-00135-00029125-00029286 have an opportunity to put an end to it
WnVv88c5JKg-00136-00029287-00029595 thank you I understand her from your
WnVv88c5JKg-00137-00029595-00029769 numbers thank you very much Speaker I
WnVv88c5JKg-00138-00029770-00029925 would like to share my sincere
WnVv88c5JKg-00139-00029926-00030201 congratulations to the citizen for once
WnVv88c5JKg-00140-00030202-00030395 again achieving first place in the
WnVv88c5JKg-00141-00030397-00030639 Canadian community newspaper Awards the
WnVv88c5JKg-00142-00030639-00030965 highest category in his class the awards
WnVv88c5JKg-00143-00030966-00031179 celebrate the best community publishing
WnVv88c5JKg-00144-00031180-00031407 from across the country the level of
WnVv88c5JKg-00145-00031408-00031593 excellence that has been displayed by
WnVv88c5JKg-00146-00031594-00031842 the citizen and serving both north urine
WnVv88c5JKg-00147-00031843-00032076 and here in his beast communities is
WnVv88c5JKg-00148-00032077-00032379 extraordinary this award really goes to
WnVv88c5JKg-00149-00032380-00032562 show the level of commitment that this
WnVv88c5JKg-00150-00032563-00032760 newspaper has put forth over the years
WnVv88c5JKg-00151-00032761-00032997 in order to ensure balanced reporting
WnVv88c5JKg-00152-00032998-00033255 and a comprehensive coverage of its
WnVv88c5JKg-00153-00033256-00033492 local communities it is interesting to
WnVv88c5JKg-00154-00033493-00033711 note that the citizen has been nominated
WnVv88c5JKg-00155-00033712-00033897 for the Canadian community newspaper
WnVv88c5JKg-00156-00033898-00034362 awards previously in both 2014 and 2015
WnVv88c5JKg-00157-00034363-00034569 it's tradition of excellence was
WnVv88c5JKg-00158-00034570-00034794 recognized once again this year and it
WnVv88c5JKg-00159-00034795-00034962 won first place in the categories of
WnVv88c5JKg-00160-00034963-00035307 best all-round newspaper best editorial
WnVv88c5JKg-00161-00035308-00035583 page and best front page the citizen
WnVv88c5JKg-00162-00035584-00035739 team is one that works hard to keep
WnVv88c5JKg-00163-00035740-00036065 people and to keep people informed and
WnVv88c5JKg-00164-00036066-00036290 succeeds in its commitment to write on
WnVv88c5JKg-00165-00036291-00036495 local issues that are important and
WnVv88c5JKg-00166-00036496-00036720 meaningful upon reading the judges
WnVv88c5JKg-00167-00036721-00036954 comments on the citizen what jumped out
WnVv88c5JKg-00168-00036955-00037119 at me was this
WnVv88c5JKg-00169-00037120-00037416 this paper has soil and I couldn't agree
WnVv88c5JKg-00170-00037417-00037695 more thank you very much speaker members
WnVv88c5JKg-00171-00037696-00037932 remember from Nicola Thank You speaker
WnVv88c5JKg-00172-00037933-00038190 my office was contacted by mrs. sherry
WnVv88c5JKg-00173-00038191-00038415 Allen regarding a frightening incident
WnVv88c5JKg-00174-00038416-00038613 their family experience on Monday while
WnVv88c5JKg-00175-00038614-00038799 driving and lively as they were
WnVv88c5JKg-00176-00038800-00039012 traveling south on main street going
WnVv88c5JKg-00177-00039013-00039204 under the first of two highway bridges
WnVv88c5JKg-00178-00039205-00039483 debris fell from the bridge smashing a
WnVv88c5JKg-00179-00039484-00039648 hole in the Sun roof of their vehicle
WnVv88c5JKg-00180-00039649-00039822 with falling glass cutting their
WnVv88c5JKg-00181-00039823-00039959 nine-year-old daughter on the neck
WnVv88c5JKg-00182-00039960-00040287 thankfully the dot her daughter was ok
WnVv88c5JKg-00183-00040288-00040500 it could have been way worse they are
WnVv88c5JKg-00184-00040501-00040727 not the only one speaker I have been
WnVv88c5JKg-00185-00040728-00041022 contacted and I read her statement I too
WnVv88c5JKg-00186-00041023-00041202 have been victim of a rock falling
WnVv88c5JKg-00187-00041203-00041427 hitting my windshield from the overpass
WnVv88c5JKg-00188-00041428-00041685 last Friday my husband and I were hit by
WnVv88c5JKg-00189-00041686-00041955 a rock on my sunroof I had to replace
WnVv88c5JKg-00190-00041956-00042276 the sunroof and it cost me 1300 dollars
WnVv88c5JKg-00191-00042277-00042522 this morning I talked to the Minister of
WnVv88c5JKg-00192-00042523-00042699 Transportation about those two bridges
WnVv88c5JKg-00193-00042700-00042945 it was confirmed that they are scheduled
WnVv88c5JKg-00194-00042946-00043239 for rehabilitation next year in addition
WnVv88c5JKg-00195-00043240-00043440 to the scaling work that is underway
WnVv88c5JKg-00196-00043441-00043695 right now he reassured me that his
WnVv88c5JKg-00197-00043696-00043908 ministry would work with the local MTO
WnVv88c5JKg-00198-00043909-00044178 office to make sure that the two bridges
WnVv88c5JKg-00199-00044179-00044517 are safe to drive on in that main street
WnVv88c5JKg-00200-00044518-00044826 on the need it will also be safe for all
WnVv88c5JKg-00201-00044827-00045192 traffic I would invite though if anybody
WnVv88c5JKg-00202-00045193-00045417 else from my riding or around lively
WnVv88c5JKg-00203-00045418-00045669 have had a similar incident with pieces
WnVv88c5JKg-00204-00045670-00045936 of the overpass falling on them as they
WnVv88c5JKg-00205-00045937-00046131 were driving or if they've seen an
WnVv88c5JKg-00206-00046132-00046359 incident please reach out to my office
WnVv88c5JKg-00207-00046360-00046560 so we can coordinate with the Ministry
WnVv88c5JKg-00208-00046561-00046869 of Transportation Thank You speaker many
WnVv88c5JKg-00209-00046870-00047030 things many from the public from North
WnVv88c5JKg-00210-00047031-00047277 messy beaucoup monsieur le thank you
WnVv88c5JKg-00211-00047278-00047475 very much mr. speaker i would say Shalom
WnVv88c5JKg-00212-00047476-00047757 Aleichem to our colleagues who are here
WnVv88c5JKg-00213-00047758-00048033 for a bill that will be debated later on
WnVv88c5JKg-00214-00048034-00048297 today I would once again speaker like to
WnVv88c5JKg-00215-00048298-00048558 objectively recognize the best president
WnVv88c5JKg-00216-00048559-00048720 from the best college in the province of
WnVv88c5JKg-00217-00048721-00049014 Ontario and that is dr. Christopher LG
WnVv88c5JKg-00218-00049015-00049257 Whitaker who is the president of Humber
WnVv88c5JKg-00219-00049258-00049509 College he has a remarkable track record
WnVv88c5JKg-00220-00049510-00049713 holding a PhD from the University of
WnVv88c5JKg-00221-00049714-00049917 Toronto and MA from York University of
WnVv88c5JKg-00222-00049918-00049990 bachelors
WnVv88c5JKg-00223-00049991-00050254 from Queens he's been in his position as
WnVv88c5JKg-00224-00050255-00050584 steward off Humber College since 2012
WnVv88c5JKg-00225-00050585-00050833 and what a jewel in the crown of
WnVv88c5JKg-00226-00050834-00051061 Etobicoke North speaker between the
WnVv88c5JKg-00227-00051062-00051250 north and south campus we have something
WnVv88c5JKg-00228-00051251-00051520 like on the order of more than 30,000
WnVv88c5JKg-00229-00051521-00051765 students residential spots for a
WnVv88c5JKg-00230-00051766-00051994 thousand students we offer programs
WnVv88c5JKg-00231-00051995-00052219 bachelor's degrees diplomas certificates
WnVv88c5JKg-00232-00052220-00052429 and it's an advanced skills and
WnVv88c5JKg-00233-00052429-00052608 Technology Center which I remember
WnVv88c5JKg-00234-00052609-00052984 christening opening some years ago in
WnVv88c5JKg-00235-00052985-00053197 fields as diverse as journalism and
WnVv88c5JKg-00236-00053198-00053488 media studies and hospitality and
WnVv88c5JKg-00237-00053489-00053701 plumbing and woodworking and you name it
WnVv88c5JKg-00238-00053702-00053950 and of course they are very able e
WnVv88c5JKg-00239-00053951-00054259 accompanied today by as I mentioned
WnVv88c5JKg-00240-00054260-00054460 earlier the irreplaceable Jane Holmes
WnVv88c5JKg-00241-00054461-00054666 who not only serve this government as a
WnVv88c5JKg-00242-00054667-00054879 senior policy analyst and our one of our
WnVv88c5JKg-00243-00054880-00055132 ministries here but then was as well
WnVv88c5JKg-00244-00055133-00055303 steward at the Ontario horse racing
WnVv88c5JKg-00245-00055304-00055486 industry and of course we remember her
WnVv88c5JKg-00246-00055487-00055786 fondly from her days at Woodbine and the
WnVv88c5JKg-00247-00055787-00056077 casino is coming so thank you Jane thank
WnVv88c5JKg-00248-00056078-00056275 you dr. Whitaker and thanks to all that
WnVv88c5JKg-00249-00056276-00057052 you do for that semester from the member
WnVv88c5JKg-00250-00057053-00057316 from what the Astros Thank You speaker i
WnVv88c5JKg-00251-00057316-00057559 rise to speak about the ongoing review
WnVv88c5JKg-00252-00057560-00057796 the internal municipal board and what's
WnVv88c5JKg-00253-00057797-00058000 clear is that planning immaterial has
WnVv88c5JKg-00254-00058001-00058246 been and should continue to be a public
WnVv88c5JKg-00255-00058247-00058522 democratic process and any adjudicative
WnVv88c5JKg-00256-00058523-00058750 process that can supersede municipal
WnVv88c5JKg-00257-00058751-00058950 decisions must ensure fair and echo
WnVv88c5JKg-00258-00058951-00059227 participation by local community members
WnVv88c5JKg-00259-00059228-00059461 and should speaker meaningfully employ
WnVv88c5JKg-00260-00059462-00059746 processes and decision-making methods
WnVv88c5JKg-00261-00059747-00059947 and include the public furthermore
WnVv88c5JKg-00262-00059948-00060151 municipalities are a mature form of
WnVv88c5JKg-00263-00060152-00060358 government and are in a position to take
WnVv88c5JKg-00264-00060359-00060577 on a more rigorous role in land use
WnVv88c5JKg-00265-00060578-00060853 planning and this requires speaker a
WnVv88c5JKg-00266-00060854-00061012 significant transformation of the
WnVv88c5JKg-00267-00061013-00061222 internal Municipal Board roles and
WnVv88c5JKg-00268-00061223-00061525 responsibilities and procedures if
WnVv88c5JKg-00269-00061526-00061654 viewers of our proceedings this
WnVv88c5JKg-00270-00061654-00061849 afternoon believe their councils
WnVv88c5JKg-00271-00061850-00062035 planning decisions should hold more
WnVv88c5JKg-00272-00062036-00062272 influence before in the chair Municipal
WnVv88c5JKg-00273-00062273-00062461 Board tribunal then make your voices
WnVv88c5JKg-00274-00062462-00062773 heard if you have other ideas make your
WnVv88c5JKg-00275-00062774-00063019 voices heard as well for far too long
WnVv88c5JKg-00276-00063020-00063179 speaker the interior municipal
WnVv88c5JKg-00277-00063180-00063396 is overruled good local planning
WnVv88c5JKg-00278-00063397-00063582 decisions made by elected officials and
WnVv88c5JKg-00279-00063583-00063747 when those decisions are squashed
WnVv88c5JKg-00280-00063748-00064029 there's no appeal this review is long
WnVv88c5JKg-00281-00064029-00064269 overdue and clearly needed and I trolley
WnVv88c5JKg-00282-00064270-00064482 support the initiative and urge all
WnVv88c5JKg-00283-00064483-00064704 region of Durham residents participate
WnVv88c5JKg-00284-00064704-00064932 in the process Thank You speaker thank
WnVv88c5JKg-00285-00064933-00065267 you for the members Phoenix further
WnVv88c5JKg-00286-00065269-00065405 member statements the member from
WnVv88c5JKg-00287-00065407-00065691 eglington Morris Thank You mr. Speaker I
WnVv88c5JKg-00288-00065692-00066018 rise today to celebrate the great
WnVv88c5JKg-00289-00066019-00066303 victory by Toronto FC yesterday at
WnVv88c5JKg-00290-00066304-00066786 Field this is the by winning the Eastern
WnVv88c5JKg-00291-00066787-00067128 Division championship over Montreal this
WnVv88c5JKg-00292-00067129-00067329 means we'll have the first Canadian team
WnVv88c5JKg-00293-00067330-00067448 that will be in the mls championship
WnVv88c5JKg-00294-00067449-00067763 final here on December to the 10th here
WnVv88c5JKg-00295-00067764-00068184 in Toronto you know the Toronto FC the
WnVv88c5JKg-00296-00068185-00068643 Reds really reflect the true nature and
WnVv88c5JKg-00297-00068644-00068889 the fabric and diversity of Ontario if
WnVv88c5JKg-00298-00068890-00069114 you look at the team you have Jozy
WnVv88c5JKg-00299-00069115-00069476 Altidore from the US Benoit shuru from
WnVv88c5JKg-00300-00069477-00069857 France Sebastian Giovinco the atomic
WnVv88c5JKg-00301-00069858-00070143 aunt from Italy you have tosin Ricketts
WnVv88c5JKg-00302-00070144-00070554 from Jamaica and Chris Mennella who
WnVv88c5JKg-00303-00070555-00070893 lives at college and Greece this team
WnVv88c5JKg-00304-00070894-00071427 has excited people from all over Ontario
WnVv88c5JKg-00305-00071428-00071715 all over Canada it is a vibrant
WnVv88c5JKg-00306-00071716-00071987 expression of sportsmanship of
WnVv88c5JKg-00307-00071988-00072291 excellence it also is good for the local
WnVv88c5JKg-00308-00072292-00072687 economy in keeping our downtown alive
WnVv88c5JKg-00309-00072688-00073007 and it is also a great role model for
WnVv88c5JKg-00310-00073008-00073242 our young people whether they be boys or
WnVv88c5JKg-00311-00073243-00073665 girls to play sports and participate and
WnVv88c5JKg-00312-00073666-00073950 we wish Toronto FC the best of luck as
WnVv88c5JKg-00313-00073951-00074190 they go forward in representing Canada
WnVv88c5JKg-00314-00074191-00074490 in the mls championship December the
WnVv88c5JKg-00315-00074491-00074793 10th here in Toronto congratulations
WnVv88c5JKg-00316-00074794-00075067 remember sentence the member from disco
WnVv88c5JKg-00317-00075068-00075265 and so thank you very much mr. speaker i
WnVv88c5JKg-00318-00075266-00075478 rise today to voice my constituents
WnVv88c5JKg-00319-00075479-00075640 growing concern over the continued lack
WnVv88c5JKg-00320-00075641-00075799 of access to mental health services in
WnVv88c5JKg-00321-00075800-00076015 bruce gray owen sound an issue that i am
WnVv88c5JKg-00322-00076016-00076207 personally passionate about the lack of
WnVv88c5JKg-00323-00076208-00076372 available psychiatrist mental health
WnVv88c5JKg-00324-00076373-00076525 beds and other mental health resources
WnVv88c5JKg-00325-00076526-00076711 is beginning to take its toll on my
WnVv88c5JKg-00326-00076712-00076924 local hospital emergency departments who
WnVv88c5JKg-00327-00076925-00077062 are increasingly dealing with suicidal
WnVv88c5JKg-00328-00077063-00077218 youth and people suffering from
WnVv88c5JKg-00329-00077219-00077461 schizophrenia instead of matching payson
WnVv88c5JKg-00330-00077462-00077662 patients with beds emergency department
WnVv88c5JKg-00331-00077663-00077854 staff are calling in police officers at
WnVv88c5JKg-00332-00077855-00078013 a very great cost to guard these
WnVv88c5JKg-00333-00078014-00078181 patients who continue to wait for beds
WnVv88c5JKg-00334-00078182-00078418 if you can imagine mr. speaker this is
WnVv88c5JKg-00335-00078419-00078622 an impossible task with so few beds in a
WnVv88c5JKg-00336-00078623-00078787 chair oh and where we still have regions
WnVv88c5JKg-00337-00078788-00079000 without any use mental health beds such
WnVv88c5JKg-00338-00079001-00079222 as the North simcoe muskoka lynn i
WnVv88c5JKg-00339-00079223-00079435 recently listen to comments from dr.
WnVv88c5JKg-00340-00079436-00079636 susan borin from hanover district
WnVv88c5JKg-00341-00079637-00079861 hospital who spoke very candidly and
WnVv88c5JKg-00342-00079862-00080062 openly about the consequences of the
WnVv88c5JKg-00343-00080063-00080200 long-standing problem the shortage of
WnVv88c5JKg-00344-00080201-00080413 beds psychiatrists and outreach that is
WnVv88c5JKg-00345-00080414-00080548 putting the safety of patients and staff
WnVv88c5JKg-00346-00080549-00080788 and dire straits dr. Byrne called it a
WnVv88c5JKg-00347-00080789-00080907 crisis and warned that it could easily
WnVv88c5JKg-00348-00080908-00081115 turn into a publicity nightmare for the
WnVv88c5JKg-00349-00081116-00081304 province this warning was echoed by the
WnVv88c5JKg-00350-00081305-00081469 otter general whose report released
WnVv88c5JKg-00351-00081470-00081649 yesterday confirmed a fifty percent
WnVv88c5JKg-00352-00081650-00081766 increase in the number of use and
WnVv88c5JKg-00353-00081767-00081955 children needing a mental health day as
WnVv88c5JKg-00354-00081956-00082162 a taro continues to go with a coherent
WnVv88c5JKg-00355-00082163-00082312 mental health system and where care
WnVv88c5JKg-00356-00082313-00082447 continues to be scattered over multiple
WnVv88c5JKg-00357-00082448-00082606 ministries and agencies I take this
WnVv88c5JKg-00358-00082607-00082747 opportunity to issue another call on the
WnVv88c5JKg-00359-00082748-00082851 government to immediately direct
WnVv88c5JKg-00360-00082852-00083014 resources to my communities and Bruce
WnVv88c5JKg-00361-00083015-00083173 gray and all communities across Ontario
WnVv88c5JKg-00362-00083174-00083386 facing these huge gaps in service so
WnVv88c5JKg-00363-00083387-00083532 that our children youth and people in
WnVv88c5JKg-00364-00083533-00083674 need to get the mental health care
WnVv88c5JKg-00365-00083675-00083832 service they need I also encourage all
WnVv88c5JKg-00366-00083833-00083982 members to continue to speak up on these
WnVv88c5JKg-00367-00083983-00084151 concerns to the Minister of Health and
WnVv88c5JKg-00368-00084152-00084304 remind him that the time for action is
WnVv88c5JKg-00369-00084305-00084622 now thank you Steve thank you I thank
WnVv88c5JKg-00370-00084623-00084922 all members for their statements it's
WnVv88c5JKg-00371-00084923-00085285 therefore now time for reports by
WnVv88c5JKg-00372-00085286-00085417 committees the member from Lambton Kent
WnVv88c5JKg-00373-00085418-00085657 millisec
XoiHdS-ENfc-00000-00000000-00001371 foreign
XoiHdS-ENfc-00001-00001372-00001687 [Music]
XoiHdS-ENfc-00002-00001688-00001955 here and in this video we have a couple
XoiHdS-ENfc-00003-00001955-00002147 of very interesting topics we're gonna
XoiHdS-ENfc-00004-00002148-00002351 start with this one and I think this one
XoiHdS-ENfc-00005-00002352-00002560 is very very interesting it's about Nick
XoiHdS-ENfc-00006-00002561-00002837 Walker so Nick posted a couple of photos
XoiHdS-ENfc-00007-00002838-00003065 an arsenal of photos basically all of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00008-00003066-00003329 his poses at about six weeks out of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00009-00003329-00003569 Arnold Classic and in this photos he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00010-00003570-00003797 looks amazing he looks great like at
XoiHdS-ENfc-00011-00003797-00004031 this point he looks great he's very lean
XoiHdS-ENfc-00012-00004032-00004247 honestly he looks like he gained zero
XoiHdS-ENfc-00013-00004248-00004451 fat from the Mr Olympia he looks really
XoiHdS-ENfc-00014-00004452-00004661 lean and also he looks very full and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00015-00004662-00004991 round and hard detailed for this point
XoiHdS-ENfc-00016-00004992-00005231 in prep this is a really awesome point
XoiHdS-ENfc-00017-00005232-00005620 and it looks like Arnold Classic 2023 is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00018-00005621-00005879 going to be the best version of Nick
XoiHdS-ENfc-00019-00005880-00006102 Walker that we ever saw so far
XoiHdS-ENfc-00020-00006103-00006503 expectedly now aside from his body fat
XoiHdS-ENfc-00021-00006504-00006755 percent aside from his fullness his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00022-00006756-00007048 overall size and also his waist that
XoiHdS-ENfc-00023-00007050-00007295 really you know stayed in check of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00024-00007295-00007433 course Nick is not really known for
XoiHdS-ENfc-00025-00007434-00007696 having a small waist he is trying really
XoiHdS-ENfc-00026-00007697-00007919 hard and we gotta give him props for
XoiHdS-ENfc-00027-00007920-00008105 that like he really managed to progress
XoiHdS-ENfc-00028-00008106-00008357 to make his physique better to grow
XoiHdS-ENfc-00029-00008358-00008710 muscle and not make his waist bigger but
XoiHdS-ENfc-00030-00008711-00008927 when he relaxes when he is not hitting
XoiHdS-ENfc-00031-00008928-00009233 the poses you can see that his waist is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00032-00009234-00009503 not really great but whatever he's doing
XoiHdS-ENfc-00033-00009504-00009809 he is managing to keep it in check now
XoiHdS-ENfc-00034-00009810-00010031 another thing that I wanted to point out
XoiHdS-ENfc-00035-00010032-00010259 that you saw in the thumbnail and the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00036-00010260-00010721 title is those varicose veins now you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00037-00010722-00010967 guys must have noticed them because they
XoiHdS-ENfc-00038-00010968-00011321 are quite obvious and now in this photo
XoiHdS-ENfc-00039-00011322-00011585 you can't really see them and you might
XoiHdS-ENfc-00040-00011586-00011831 be thinking well this is just like six
XoiHdS-ENfc-00041-00011832-00012071 weeks out so he's probably not that lean
XoiHdS-ENfc-00042-00012072-00012299 they are more visible when he is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00043-00012300-00012527 shredded and yeah you can see that on
XoiHdS-ENfc-00044-00012528-00012899 stage 2022 Mr Olympia they were in fact
XoiHdS-ENfc-00045-00012900-00013199 more obvious more visible more prominent
XoiHdS-ENfc-00046-00013200-00013480 even in these photos when he was putting
XoiHdS-ENfc-00047-00013481-00013727 his first coat of tan you could see them
XoiHdS-ENfc-00048-00013728-00013972 even before he carved up fully before
XoiHdS-ENfc-00049-00013973-00014261 his veins popped out and even in the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00050-00014262-00014447 progress photos couple of weeks before
XoiHdS-ENfc-00051-00014447-00014741 the Mr Olympia they were obviously quite
XoiHdS-ENfc-00052-00014741-00014963 visible so you might be thinking the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00053-00014963-00015197 reason why they are not visible now is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00054-00015197-00015388 because he is not super shredded but
XoiHdS-ENfc-00055-00015390-00015641 he's leaner than he was when he started
XoiHdS-ENfc-00056-00015641-00015863 his prep for example last year this is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00057-00015863-00016079 him in the off season you can see how
XoiHdS-ENfc-00058-00016080-00016355 lean he was based on the separation in
XoiHdS-ENfc-00059-00016356-00016649 his quads or the lack of them and you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00060-00016650-00016817 can see also in the shoulders and the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00061-00016818-00017057 arms that he wasn't really leaner than
XoiHdS-ENfc-00062-00017058-00017405 he is right now but those varicose veins
XoiHdS-ENfc-00063-00017406-00017735 especially on his calves and his quads
XoiHdS-ENfc-00064-00017736-00018107 as well on his legs overall were much
XoiHdS-ENfc-00065-00018108-00018443 much bigger much more visible and this
XoiHdS-ENfc-00066-00018444-00018647 is definitely not a good thing now
XoiHdS-ENfc-00067-00018648-00018875 whenever he was asked about his he was
XoiHdS-ENfc-00068-00018876-00019127 always like he he liked them he liked
XoiHdS-ENfc-00069-00019128-00019258 the fact that he has those varicose
XoiHdS-ENfc-00070-00019259-00019444 veins like he was like I love my veins
XoiHdS-ENfc-00071-00019445-00019714 they make me look more like a mute and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00072-00019715-00019936 they make me look freak here but when
XoiHdS-ENfc-00073-00019937-00020147 Arnold Schwarzenegger is making fun of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00074-00020148-00020327 you then that's definitely not a good
XoiHdS-ENfc-00075-00020328-00020494 thing and you guys I'm sure heard
XoiHdS-ENfc-00076-00020495-00020705 already when Arnold was criticizing Nick
XoiHdS-ENfc-00077-00020706-00020980 for those varicose veins and so now back
XoiHdS-ENfc-00078-00020981-00021191 to the original photo as you can see he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00079-00021192-00021425 is lean he's definitely lean he's not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00080-00021426-00021658 like super watery or anything like that
XoiHdS-ENfc-00081-00021659-00021989 but the veins are definitely less
XoiHdS-ENfc-00082-00021990-00022283 visible especially on that right leg of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00083-00022284-00022607 his and there is some bruising happening
XoiHdS-ENfc-00084-00022608-00022900 so he probably have done something to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00085-00022901-00023236 his legs to make these varicose veins go
XoiHdS-ENfc-00086-00023237-00023435 away I don't know what the hell did he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00087-00023436-00023753 do or if they just disappeared on their
XoiHdS-ENfc-00088-00023754-00023993 own is that even possible to happen I
XoiHdS-ENfc-00089-00023994-00024269 don't know really but he definitely does
XoiHdS-ENfc-00090-00024270-00024550 look much much healthier much more
XoiHdS-ENfc-00091-00024551-00024886 aesthetic much better this way and if
XoiHdS-ENfc-00092-00024887-00025091 this is not somehow a coincidence maybe
XoiHdS-ENfc-00093-00025092-00025355 like different lighting or I don't know
XoiHdS-ENfc-00094-00025356-00025667 his wings not showing as much as usual
XoiHdS-ENfc-00095-00025668-00025870 for I don't know not taking enough
XoiHdS-ENfc-00096-00025872-00026170 sodium or being depleted or something
XoiHdS-ENfc-00097-00026172-00026387 like that which I doubt which I really
XoiHdS-ENfc-00098-00026388-00026602 doubt is the case I believe this is an
XoiHdS-ENfc-00099-00026604-00026752 actual Improvement if this is an actual
XoiHdS-ENfc-00100-00026754-00026920 Improvement and this is a big
XoiHdS-ENfc-00101-00026922-00027118 Improvement if you ask me like I think
XoiHdS-ENfc-00102-00027119-00027311 those veins I don't know how much they
XoiHdS-ENfc-00103-00027312-00027545 were affecting the judges but me
XoiHdS-ENfc-00104-00027545-00027707 personally they were definitely throwing
XoiHdS-ENfc-00105-00027708-00027911 me off I didn't like his physique
XoiHdS-ENfc-00106-00027912-00028145 because of that they are still there
XoiHdS-ENfc-00107-00028145-00028373 they are still visible especially on the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00108-00028374-00028607 left leg but they are definitely much
XoiHdS-ENfc-00109-00028608-00028901 better now than they were before I hope
XoiHdS-ENfc-00110-00028902-00029146 he did something about this like for
XoiHdS-ENfc-00111-00029147-00029393 example if he wore compression socks or
XoiHdS-ENfc-00112-00029394-00029567 whatever treatment is out there for
XoiHdS-ENfc-00113-00029568-00029807 varicose veins if he actually tried to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00114-00029808-00030046 improve this I I think this is a great
XoiHdS-ENfc-00115-00030047-00030245 thing for him I think this is a big
XoiHdS-ENfc-00116-00030245-00030539 progress and I just gotta say overall it
XoiHdS-ENfc-00117-00030539-00030749 does look much better whatever you guys
XoiHdS-ENfc-00118-00030750-00030964 think about Nick's varicose veins tell
XoiHdS-ENfc-00119-00030966-00031168 me down below in the comment section all
XoiHdS-ENfc-00120-00031169-00031343 right next we got a physique update of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00121-00031344-00031631 Hunter Labrada in his off season
XoiHdS-ENfc-00122-00031632-00031907 so he's off season started right now and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00123-00031908-00032105 the caption of this post is very
XoiHdS-ENfc-00124-00032106-00032201 interesting which I'm going to show you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00125-00032202-00032405 in a moment but before we get to that
XoiHdS-ENfc-00126-00032406-00032668 take a look at his physique right now uh
XoiHdS-ENfc-00127-00032669-00032909 basically this is just the start of his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00128-00032910-00033131 off season I think it's a very good
XoiHdS-ENfc-00129-00033132-00033479 start he's very lean but I think I think
XoiHdS-ENfc-00130-00033480-00033718 he should have done the iron classic can
XoiHdS-ENfc-00131-00033719-00033946 he beat Nick Walker well he did beat him
XoiHdS-ENfc-00132-00033947-00034295 last year so if he peeked properly and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00133-00034296-00034468 Nick let's say Nick failed a little bit
XoiHdS-ENfc-00134-00034469-00034721 then I don't know I don't think it's
XoiHdS-ENfc-00135-00034722-00034973 impossible but I wouldn't bet on Hunter
XoiHdS-ENfc-00136-00034974-00035261 however I do think he would be a great
XoiHdS-ENfc-00137-00035262-00035489 addition to the Arnold Classic from all
XoiHdS-ENfc-00138-00035490-00035752 the guys that haven't signed up from all
XoiHdS-ENfc-00139-00035753-00036052 the top guys top 15 let's say I think he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00140-00036053-00036262 will be the best addition I think he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00141-00036263-00036449 should be the one to do the Arrow
XoiHdS-ENfc-00142-00036450-00036712 Classic but at this point at seven weeks
XoiHdS-ENfc-00143-00036713-00036946 six weeks out actually he's not gonna do
XoiHdS-ENfc-00144-00036947-00037223 it especially after we read the caption
XoiHdS-ENfc-00145-00037224-00037552 because his off season just started he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00146-00037553-00037690 hasn't really been doing doing his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00147-00037691-00037990 offseason so far since the Mr Olympia he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00148-00037991-00038177 took some time off so let's read the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00149-00038178-00038351 caption let's see what Hunter has to say
XoiHdS-ENfc-00150-00038352-00038674 so he says he had my first true session
XoiHdS-ENfc-00151-00038675-00038951 of the offseason yesterday since the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00152-00038952-00039149 Olympia I have been eating whenever I
XoiHdS-ENfc-00153-00039150-00039359 wanted to eat and training when I wanted
XoiHdS-ENfc-00154-00039360-00039659 to Train giving my mind and body a much
XoiHdS-ENfc-00155-00039660-00039917 needed break felt great to be locked in
XoiHdS-ENfc-00156-00039918-00040115 on a meal plan and back to logging all
XoiHdS-ENfc-00157-00040116-00040295 my training we'll be doing a lot of
XoiHdS-ENfc-00158-00040296-00040511 content surrounding the new split and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00159-00040512-00040805 died but for now here's a down and dirty
XoiHdS-ENfc-00160-00040806-00041111 look 268 faster this morning 10 pounds
XoiHdS-ENfc-00161-00041112-00041411 over stage weight at the Olympia then he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00162-00041412-00041777 adds his uh training split which I found
XoiHdS-ENfc-00163-00041778-00041921 also very interesting as you can see
XoiHdS-ENfc-00164-00041922-00042293 he's training his back twice a week and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00165-00042294-00042502 also he's training his chest shoulders
XoiHdS-ENfc-00166-00042503-00042827 and triceps twice a week so that's like
XoiHdS-ENfc-00167-00042828-00043030 that's a lot of upper body training
XoiHdS-ENfc-00168-00043031-00043318 twice a week that's a lot I don't know I
XoiHdS-ENfc-00169-00043319-00043480 know I definitely couldn't be able to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00170-00043481-00043739 handle this much volume but I'm not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00171-00043740-00043951 Hunter Labrada and I'm sure he's
XoiHdS-ENfc-00172-00043952-00044285 adjusting this this volume to match his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00173-00044286-00044483 frequency I'm sure he lowered his volume
XoiHdS-ENfc-00174-00044484-00044680 so he can hit his body parts more
XoiHdS-ENfc-00175-00044681-00044867 frequent with less volume I don't know
XoiHdS-ENfc-00176-00044868-00045083 he's probably gonna go over this in
XoiHdS-ENfc-00177-00045084-00045311 detail so as you can see he changed his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00178-00045312-00045515 training he is doing more more volume
XoiHdS-ENfc-00179-00045516-00045724 let's say more frequency maybe the same
XoiHdS-ENfc-00180-00045725-00045989 volume I don't know but the diets
XoiHdS-ENfc-00181-00045990-00046246 interestingly stayed kind of the same
XoiHdS-ENfc-00182-00046247-00046433 and I'm sure you guys already heard
XoiHdS-ENfc-00183-00046434-00046630 about this I'm sure you know that Hunter
XoiHdS-ENfc-00184-00046631-00046924 he's not really eating a lot of proper
XoiHdS-ENfc-00185-00046925-00047201 food like real food he is really not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00186-00047202-00047435 eating a lot of real food he's basing
XoiHdS-ENfc-00187-00047436-00047771 his protein intake on protein powders
XoiHdS-ENfc-00188-00047772-00048137 now how good that is well it got him to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00189-00048138-00048358 be forced in the world at some point so
XoiHdS-ENfc-00190-00048359-00048580 obviously it worked but as you can see
XoiHdS-ENfc-00191-00048581-00048833 this year he didn't really I mean he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00192-00048834-00049121 didn't really show progress on that
XoiHdS-ENfc-00193-00049122-00049379 stage and the other guys that have made
XoiHdS-ENfc-00194-00049380-00049589 real progress like Derek Lansford like
XoiHdS-ENfc-00195-00049590-00049901 Nick Walker like Hunter Labrada are
XoiHdS-ENfc-00196-00049902-00050123 definitely not doing this so as you can
XoiHdS-ENfc-00197-00050124-00050273 see here are the meals yeah the first
XoiHdS-ENfc-00198-00050274-00050621 meal was a protein from from meat but
XoiHdS-ENfc-00199-00050622-00050867 the others as you can see second meal
XoiHdS-ENfc-00200-00050868-00051089 already is very isolated then
XoiHdS-ENfc-00201-00051090-00051442 pre-workality has some EAS uh intra
XoiHdS-ENfc-00202-00051444-00051766 again he is a mill tree Hydro way then
XoiHdS-ENfc-00203-00051767-00051976 meal four yeah he's chicken breast and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00204-00051977-00052157 milk five is salmon but then again milk
XoiHdS-ENfc-00205-00052158-00052529 six is a very isolate so out of his six
XoiHdS-ENfc-00206-00052529-00052715 meals and let's not even count
XoiHdS-ENfc-00207-00052716-00052997 pre-workout the Ninja Workout from his
XoiHdS-ENfc-00208-00052998-00053392 six meals uh only three are from real
XoiHdS-ENfc-00209-00053394-00053616 food and really not a lot of food like
XoiHdS-ENfc-00210-00053617-00053849 150 grams of salmon that's that's
XoiHdS-ENfc-00211-00053850-00054049 nothing that's a really low amount and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00212-00054050-00054347 150 grams of chicken breast in his meal
XoiHdS-ENfc-00213-00054348-00054641 four and 150 grams of lean beef like
XoiHdS-ENfc-00214-00054641-00054929 that's not a lot of meat man and I mean
XoiHdS-ENfc-00215-00054929-00055157 yeah who am I to give Hunter Labrada
XoiHdS-ENfc-00216-00055158-00055438 nutrition advice I'm sure he knows what
XoiHdS-ENfc-00217-00055439-00055715 he's doing but obvious honestly he did
XoiHdS-ENfc-00218-00055716-00055997 not progress on the Mr Olympia stage he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00219-00055998-00056254 fell down from four to seven is he not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00220-00056255-00056453 training hard enough I don't think
XoiHdS-ENfc-00221-00056454-00056687 that's it is he not supplementing enough
XoiHdS-ENfc-00222-00056688-00056999 I doubt that's the reason is it only a
XoiHdS-ENfc-00223-00057000-00057323 picking mistake or did he actually not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00224-00057324-00057538 make enough progress because he's not
XoiHdS-ENfc-00225-00057539-00057826 eating enough real food like the other
XoiHdS-ENfc-00226-00057827-00058066 guys who have actually made progress are
XoiHdS-ENfc-00227-00058067-00058294 doing I don't know but if I wanted to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00228-00058295-00058541 max out my physique I would stop being
XoiHdS-ENfc-00229-00058541-00058835 lazy I know it's much easier to drink a
XoiHdS-ENfc-00230-00058836-00059057 protein jig it's definitely much easier
XoiHdS-ENfc-00231-00059058-00059261 to get the powder in instead of chewing
XoiHdS-ENfc-00232-00059262-00059513 meat but if you want to improve if you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00233-00059514-00059692 want to really make progress you need to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00234-00059694-00059879 do the hard stuff so I wish Hunter
XoiHdS-ENfc-00235-00059879-00060149 changed this and actually started doing
XoiHdS-ENfc-00236-00060150-00060353 the real hard stuff like the other guys
XoiHdS-ENfc-00237-00060354-00060532 are doing like the other top guys are
XoiHdS-ENfc-00238-00060533-00060737 doing and if he did that I'm sure he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00239-00060738-00060923 would make more progress whatever you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00240-00060924-00061126 guys think about that about his diet and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00241-00061127-00061276 about his current look and whether he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00242-00061277-00061457 should do the iron classic or not tell
XoiHdS-ENfc-00243-00061458-00061685 me down below in the comment section all
XoiHdS-ENfc-00244-00061686-00061894 right and also at six weeks out we got a
XoiHdS-ENfc-00245-00061895-00062147 sneak peek of Ramon Dino what he's
XoiHdS-ENfc-00246-00062148-00062423 looking like and I have to say I mean
XoiHdS-ENfc-00247-00062424-00062554 this guy is going to win the Arnold
XoiHdS-ENfc-00248-00062555-00062813 Classic like he was second last year and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00249-00062814-00063053 he was second at the Mr Olympia he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00250-00063054-00063316 managed to beat Terence Ruffin and as
XoiHdS-ENfc-00251-00063317-00063461 far as I know Terence is not doing the
XoiHdS-ENfc-00252-00063462-00063665 other Classic this year so this guy is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00253-00063666-00063880 definitely the heavy favorite to win it
XoiHdS-ENfc-00254-00063882-00064109 and as you can see he does look really
XoiHdS-ENfc-00255-00064110-00064300 impressive right now I don't know if
XoiHdS-ENfc-00256-00064301-00064547 he's coached by marcelody Angeles or
XoiHdS-ENfc-00257-00064548-00064816 also known as horse MD but he's
XoiHdS-ENfc-00258-00064817-00065080 definitely with him a lot and in this
XoiHdS-ENfc-00259-00065082-00065249 update as you can see this was posted by
XoiHdS-ENfc-00260-00065250-00065494 Marcelo so obviously they are working
XoiHdS-ENfc-00261-00065495-00065765 together at least as far as posing I
XoiHdS-ENfc-00262-00065766-00065944 don't know about other stuff but at this
XoiHdS-ENfc-00263-00065945-00066209 point Ramon is looking really good and
XoiHdS-ENfc-00264-00066210-00066394 of course Chris bumpstead is not going
XoiHdS-ENfc-00265-00066395-00066599 to be doing the Arrow Classic he never
XoiHdS-ENfc-00266-00066600-00066809 does it he actually said it he would do
XoiHdS-ENfc-00267-00066810-00067091 it only if it was after the Olympia you
XoiHdS-ENfc-00268-00067092-00067259 guys know he has that autoimmune system
XoiHdS-ENfc-00269-00067260-00067493 disease so he can't really risk it he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00270-00067494-00067829 can do that prep once a year and he
XoiHdS-ENfc-00271-00067830-00068044 peeks really well for the Mr Olympia so
XoiHdS-ENfc-00272-00068045-00068356 this iron classic is Ramon's show to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00273-00068357-00068525 lose and I don't think he's going to
XoiHdS-ENfc-00274-00068526-00068656 lose it I think he's going to win it
XoiHdS-ENfc-00275-00068657-00068819 look at this guy I mean this is
XoiHdS-ENfc-00276-00068820-00068975 definitely my second favorite physique
XoiHdS-ENfc-00277-00068976-00069244 on that Mr Olympia stage as far as
XoiHdS-ENfc-00278-00069245-00069473 classic physique whatever you guys think
XoiHdS-ENfc-00279-00069474-00069629 though tell me down below in the comment
XoiHdS-ENfc-00280-00069630-00069749 section if you guys enjoyed this video
XoiHdS-ENfc-00281-00069750-00069905 please give it a thumbs up and for more
XoiHdS-ENfc-00282-00069906-00070061 bodybuilding content like this subscribe
XoiHdS-ENfc-00283-00070062-00070175 to my channel guys thank you so much for
XoiHdS-ENfc-00284-00070176-00070538 watching all the best and bye bye
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Xolz5sVtcwI-00002-00000951-00002883 cone cone
Xolz5sVtcwI-00003-00002884-00003543 hexagon hexagon
Xolz5sVtcwI-00004-00003544-00004199 octagon octagon
Xolz5sVtcwI-00005-00004200-00005683 oval
Xolz5sVtcwI-00006-00005684-00006111 polygon
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Xolz5sVtcwI-00015-00010592-00010800 you
X1gfkpt5hHu-00000-00000279-00000838 [Music]
X1gfkpt5hHu-00001-00000839-00001636 [Music]
X1gfkpt5hHu-00002-00001637-00002447 [Music]
X1gfkpt5hHu-00003-00002448-00003703 get away
X1gfkpt5hHu-00004-00003704-00003967 moving away can't you see
X1gfkpt5hHu-00005-00003968-00004159 stand in your feet feel the breeze in
X1gfkpt5hHu-00006-00004160-00004385 the summertime stars in
X1gfkpt5hHu-00007-00004386-00005335 [Music]
X1gfkpt5hHu-00008-00005336-00006347 come on baby let me tell you one time
X1gfkpt5hHu-00009-00006348-00009255 [Music]
X1gfkpt5hHu-00010-00009256-00009357 is
X1gfkpt5hHu-00011-00009358-00009759 [Laughter]
X2xs24kdajI-00000-00000067-00000312 in video and other games the passage of
X2xs24kdajI-00001-00000313-00000484 time must be handled in a way that
X2xs24kdajI-00002-00000484-00000699 players find fair and easy to understand
X2xs24kdajI-00003-00000700-00000973 this is usually done in one of the two
X2xs24kdajI-00004-00000974-00001651 ways real-time and turn-based
X2xs24kdajI-00005-00001652-00002176 topic real-time
X2xs24kdajI-00006-00002177-00002460 in real-time games game time progress is
X2xs24kdajI-00007-00002461-00002660 continuously according to the game clock
X2xs24kdajI-00008-00002661-00002926 one example of such a game as the
X2xs24kdajI-00009-00002927-00003126 sandbox game minecraft where one
X2xs24kdajI-00010-00003127-00003346 day/night cycle is equal to 20 minutes
X2xs24kdajI-00011-00003347-00003642 in real time players perform actions
X2xs24kdajI-00012-00003643-00003832 simultaneously as opposed to in
X2xs24kdajI-00013-00003833-00004135 sequential units or turns players must
X2xs24kdajI-00014-00004136-00004297 perform actions with the consideration
X2xs24kdajI-00015-00004298-00004471 that their opponents are actively
X2xs24kdajI-00016-00004472-00004666 working against them in real time and
X2xs24kdajI-00017-00004667-00004932 may act at any moment this introduces
X2xs24kdajI-00018-00004933-00005134 time management considerations and
X2xs24kdajI-00019-00005135-00005347 additional challenges such as physical
X2xs24kdajI-00020-00005348-00005618 coordination in the case of video games
X2xs24kdajI-00021-00005619-00005878 real-time gameplay is the dominant form
X2xs24kdajI-00022-00005879-00006096 of timekeeping found in simulation video
X2xs24kdajI-00023-00006097-00006274 games and has to a large degree
X2xs24kdajI-00024-00006275-00006502 supplanted turn-based systems in other
X2xs24kdajI-00025-00006503-00006694 video game genres as well for instance
X2xs24kdajI-00026-00006695-00007023 realtime strategy time is an important
X2xs24kdajI-00027-00007025-00007252 factor in most sports and many such as
X2xs24kdajI-00028-00007253-00007485 soccer or basketball are almost entirely
X2xs24kdajI-00029-00007486-00007726 simultaneous in nature retaining only a
X2xs24kdajI-00030-00007727-00007971 very limited notion of turns in specific
X2xs24kdajI-00031-00007972-00008164 instances such as the free-kick in
X2xs24kdajI-00032-00008165-00008338 soccer and the free throw and shot clock
X2xs24kdajI-00033-00008339-00008641 in basketball in the card games nurse
X2xs24kdajI-00034-00008642-00008841 and leg rehto players must compete to
X2xs24kdajI-00035-00008842-00009003 discard their cards as quickly as
X2xs24kdajI-00036-00009004-00009201 possible and do not take turns
X2xs24kdajI-00037-00009202-00009484 while game time in video games is in
X2xs24kdajI-00038-00009485-00009720 fact subdivided into discrete units due
X2xs24kdajI-00039-00009721-00009903 to the sequential nature of computing
X2xs24kdajI-00040-00009904-00010092 these intervals or units are typically
X2xs24kdajI-00041-00010093-00010783 so small as to be imperceptible
X2xs24kdajI-00042-00010784-00011317 topic turn-based
X2xs24kdajI-00043-00011318-00011572 in turn-based games game flow is
X2xs24kdajI-00044-00011573-00011776 partitioned into defined parts called
X2xs24kdajI-00045-00011777-00012109 turns moves or plays a player of the
X2xs24kdajI-00046-00012110-00012307 turn based game is allowed a period of
X2xs24kdajI-00047-00012308-00012541 analysis sometimes bounded sometimes
X2xs24kdajI-00048-00012542-00012727 unbounded before committing to a game
X2xs24kdajI-00049-00012728-00012955 action ensuring a separation between the
X2xs24kdajI-00050-00012956-00013165 game flow and the thinking process which
X2xs24kdajI-00051-00013166-00013333 in turn presumably leads to better
X2xs24kdajI-00052-00013334-00013644 choices once every player has taken his
X2xs24kdajI-00053-00013646-00013840 or her turn that round of play is over
X2xs24kdajI-00054-00013841-00014056 and any special shared processing is
X2xs24kdajI-00055-00014057-00014316 done this is followed by the next round
X2xs24kdajI-00056-00014318-00014544 of play in games where the game flow
X2xs24kdajI-00057-00014545-00014794 unit as time turns may represent periods
X2xs24kdajI-00058-00014794-00015093 such as years months weeks or days
X2xs24kdajI-00059-00015094-00015369 turn-based games come in two main forms
X2xs24kdajI-00060-00015370-00015511 depending on whether play is
X2xs24kdajI-00061-00015512-00015796 simultaneous or sequential the former
X2xs24kdajI-00062-00015797-00015966 games fall under the category of
X2xs24kdajI-00063-00015966-00016183 simultaneously executed games also
X2xs24kdajI-00064-00016184-00016483 called phase based or we go with
X2xs24kdajI-00065-00016484-00016741 diplomacy being a notable example the
X2xs24kdajI-00066-00016742-00016957 latter games fall into player alternated
X2xs24kdajI-00067-00016958-00017185 games also called I go you go
X2xs24kdajI-00068-00017186-00017656 or I Geo yugioh for short and are
X2xs24kdajI-00069-00017657-00017863 further subdivided into op ranked be
X2xs24kdajI-00070-00017864-00018154 round-robin start and C random the
X2xs24kdajI-00071-00018155-00018313 difference being the order under which
X2xs24kdajI-00072-00018314-00018505 players start within a turn out the
X2xs24kdajI-00073-00018506-00018675 first player being the same every time
X2xs24kdajI-00074-00018676-00018946 be the first player selection policy is
X2xs24kdajI-00075-00018947-00019194 round-robin and C the first player is
X2xs24kdajI-00076-00019195-00019492 randomly selected some games also base
X2xs24kdajI-00077-00019493-00019797 the order of play on an initiative score
X2xs24kdajI-00078-00019798-00019975 that may in part be based on players
X2xs24kdajI-00079-00019976-00020182 attributes or positions within the game
X2xs24kdajI-00080-00020183-00020407 or other outside factors as well as dice
X2xs24kdajI-00081-00020408-00020767 rolls wizard101 as an example of this
X2xs24kdajI-00082-00020768-00021112 style the term turn-based gaming is also
X2xs24kdajI-00083-00021113-00021316 used in play by male games and use
X2xs24kdajI-00084-00021317-00021517 browser-based gaming sites that allow
X2xs24kdajI-00085-00021518-00021706 for game play to extend beyond a single
X2xs24kdajI-00086-00021707-00021967 session over long periods of time often
X2xs24kdajI-00087-00021968-00022162 requiring months to complete games such
X2xs24kdajI-00088-00022163-00022879 as go chess an infinite chess
X2xs24kdajI-00089-00022880-00023599 topic subtypes various adaptations of
X2xs24kdajI-00090-00023600-00023785 the real-time and turn-based systems
X2xs24kdajI-00091-00023786-00023956 have been implemented to address common
X2xs24kdajI-00092-00023957-00024133 or perceived shortcomings of these
X2xs24kdajI-00093-00024134-00024322 systems though they often introduce new
X2xs24kdajI-00094-00024323-00024504 issues that did not exist before
X2xs24kdajI-00095-00024505-00025041 these include
X2xs24kdajI-00096-00025042-00025675 topic time turns in time compression
X2xs24kdajI-00097-00025676-00025889 time turns are designed to resolve
X2xs24kdajI-00098-00025889-00026108 issues of fairness where one player uses
X2xs24kdajI-00099-00026108-00026318 a greater amount of time to complete his
X2xs24kdajI-00100-00026319-00026587 or her turn than another player in chess
X2xs24kdajI-00101-00026588-00026818 for instance a pair of stop clocks may
X2xs24kdajI-00102-00026819-00027020 be used in order to place an upper limit
X2xs24kdajI-00103-00027020-00027335 on the game length in exchange chess for
X2xs24kdajI-00104-00027336-00027557 players on two teams play on two boards
X2xs24kdajI-00105-00027558-00027737 with each team taking one white and one
X2xs24kdajI-00106-00027738-00028055 black side any taken piece is given to a
X2xs24kdajI-00107-00028056-00028249 teammate and can be placed on his board
X2xs24kdajI-00108-00028250-00028465 as a standard move in any position that
X2xs24kdajI-00109-00028466-00028648 does not put his opponent in check a
X2xs24kdajI-00110-00028649-00028907 common strategy is to gain a temporary
X2xs24kdajI-00111-00028908-00029120 material advantage pass it on to a
X2xs24kdajI-00112-00029120-00029312 teammate and then stop playing on one's
X2xs24kdajI-00113-00029313-00029549 own board thereby allowing the teammate
X2xs24kdajI-00114-00029550-00029714 to use the advantage for many future
X2xs24kdajI-00115-00029714-00030026 moves on his board to avoid this players
X2xs24kdajI-00116-00030027-00030251 are often limited to 10 seconds per move
X2xs24kdajI-00117-00030252-00030437 with their opponent being allowed to
X2xs24kdajI-00118-00030438-00030637 remove one of the players pawns from the
X2xs24kdajI-00119-00030638-00030824 board for each additional 10 seconds
X2xs24kdajI-00120-00030825-00031136 consumed the turn-based strategy game
X2xs24kdajI-00121-00031137-00031460 utopia 1982 featured an early example of
X2xs24kdajI-00122-00031461-00031708 time turns the early ultimate
X2xs24kdajI-00123-00031709-00031901 role-playing video games were strictly
X2xs24kdajI-00124-00031902-00032126 turn-based but starting with Ultima 3
X2xs24kdajI-00125-00032127-00032324 Exodus 1983
X2xs24kdajI-00126-00032325-00032512 if the player waited too long to issue a
X2xs24kdajI-00127-00032513-00032745 command the game would issue a pass
X2xs24kdajI-00128-00032746-00033005 command automatically thereby allowing
X2xs24kdajI-00129-00033006-00033179 enemies to take their turns while the
X2xs24kdajI-00130-00033180-00033431 player character did nothing further
X2xs24kdajI-00131-00033432-00033629 many browser-based games allocate a
X2xs24kdajI-00132-00033630-00033787 number of turns that can be played
X2xs24kdajI-00133-00033788-00034001 within a certain period of time called a
X2xs24kdajI-00134-00034002-00034045 tick
X2xs24kdajI-00135-00034046-00034343 see next section time compression as a
X2xs24kdajI-00136-00034344-00034535 feature commonly found in real-time
X2xs24kdajI-00137-00034536-00034802 games such as flight simulators it
X2xs24kdajI-00138-00034803-00034979 allows the player to speed up the game
X2xs24kdajI-00139-00034980-00035215 time by some usually adjustable factor
X2xs24kdajI-00140-00035216-00035458 this permits the player to shorten the
X2xs24kdajI-00141-00035459-00035627 subjective duration of long and
X2xs24kdajI-00142-00035628-00035807 relatively uneventful periods of
X2xs24kdajI-00143-00035808-00036334 gameplay
X2xs24kdajI-00144-00036335-00036862 topic tix and rounds
X2xs24kdajI-00145-00036863-00037075 a tick based game is a game that is
X2xs24kdajI-00146-00037076-00037375 played using ticks or units of time not
X2xs24kdajI-00147-00037376-00037564 to be confused with a game round the
X2xs24kdajI-00148-00037565-00037747 tick can be any measurement of real time
X2xs24kdajI-00149-00037748-00037972 from seconds to days or even months and
X2xs24kdajI-00150-00037973-00038152 as the basic unit upon which all
X2xs24kdajI-00151-00038153-00038352 important game actions take place
X2xs24kdajI-00152-00038353-00038581 players in tick based games are
X2xs24kdajI-00153-00038582-00038776 allocated a certain number of turns per
X2xs24kdajI-00154-00038777-00038989 tick which are subsequently refreshed at
X2xs24kdajI-00155-00038990-00039174 the beginning of each new tick
X2xs24kdajI-00156-00039175-00039426 predominantly found in browser-based
X2xs24kdajI-00157-00039427-00039682 MMORPGs tick based games differ from
X2xs24kdajI-00158-00039683-00039862 other turn-based games in that ticks
X2xs24kdajI-00159-00039863-00040051 always occur after the same amount of
X2xs24kdajI-00160-00040052-00040194 time has expired
X2xs24kdajI-00161-00040195-00040462 conversely in a typical turn-based game
X2xs24kdajI-00162-00040463-00040666 a turn would end only once every player
X2xs24kdajI-00163-00040667-00040948 has made all of his or her moves in real
X2xs24kdajI-00164-00040949-00041173 time games players are not limited time
X2xs24kdajI-00165-00041174-00041353 wise in the number of actions they can
X2xs24kdajI-00166-00041354-00041704 take in some realtime games a notion of
X2xs24kdajI-00167-00041705-00041947 rounds exists whereby game actions are
X2xs24kdajI-00168-00041948-00042121 timed according to a common interval
X2xs24kdajI-00169-00042122-00042352 that is longer than real time for
X2xs24kdajI-00170-00042353-00042589 instance units might only begin or cease
X2xs24kdajI-00171-00042590-00042754 to act at the beginning or end of a
X2xs24kdajI-00172-00042755-00043009 round in video games such as the
X2xs24kdajI-00173-00043010-00043309 baldur's gate 1998 to 2001 and
X2xs24kdajI-00174-00043310-00043642 neverwinter nights 2002 to 2008 series
X2xs24kdajI-00175-00043643-00043870 the notion of rounds is carried over in
X2xs24kdajI-00176-00043871-00044095 part from the pen-and-paper rule systems
X2xs24kdajI-00177-00044096-00044299 they are based upon and a similar but
X2xs24kdajI-00178-00044300-00044521 unrelated example as when a game units
X2xs24kdajI-00179-00044522-00044719 ability to act as limited by the length
X2xs24kdajI-00180-00044720-00044935 of its combat animation in which case
X2xs24kdajI-00181-00044936-00045145 the unit may become unresponsive until
X2xs24kdajI-00182-00045146-00045475 the animation has completed online turn
X2xs24kdajI-00183-00045476-00045667 based gaming uses the term rounds
X2xs24kdajI-00184-00045668-00045871 differently in these games around refers
X2xs24kdajI-00185-00045872-00046066 to when a new game begins following the
X2xs24kdajI-00186-00046067-00046273 completion of a previous one ie after
X2xs24kdajI-00187-00046274-00047034 someone or some group of people has won
X2xs24kdajI-00188-00047035-00047577 topic active Time battle
X2xs24kdajI-00189-00047578-00047988 the active Time battle ATB system was
X2xs24kdajI-00190-00047989-00048222 introduced by Hiroyuki Ito in Final
X2xs24kdajI-00191-00048223-00048609 Fantasy 4 1991 the system discarded the
X2xs24kdajI-00192-00048610-00048783 discrete turn-based battles of the first
X2xs24kdajI-00193-00048784-00049011 three entries in favor of a continuous
X2xs24kdajI-00194-00049012-00049226 flow of actions and variable wait times
X2xs24kdajI-00195-00049227-00049521 the fact that enemies can attack or be
X2xs24kdajI-00196-00049522-00049701 attacked at any time is credited with
X2xs24kdajI-00197-00049702-00049914 injecting urgency and excitement into
X2xs24kdajI-00198-00049915-00050223 the combat system the ATB system was
X2xs24kdajI-00199-00050224-00050535 fully developed in Final Fantasy 5 1992
X2xs24kdajI-00200-00050536-00050757 which improved it by introducing a time
X2xs24kdajI-00201-00050758-00050934 gauge to indicate to the player which
X2xs24kdajI-00202-00050935-00051273 characters turn is next the ATB system
X2xs24kdajI-00203-00051274-00051527 has since been used in Final Fantasy 6
X2xs24kdajI-00204-00051528-00051992 1994 Final Fantasy 7 1997 Final Fantasy
X2xs24kdajI-00205-00051994-00052470 8 1999 Final Fantasy 9 2005 antecedent
X2xs24kdajI-00206-00052471-00052959 to 2003 both Final Fantasy 12 2006 and
X2xs24kdajI-00207-00052960-00053267 Final Fantasy 13 2009 used heavily
X2xs24kdajI-00208-00053269-00053574 modified versions of the system the ATB
X2xs24kdajI-00209-00053575-00053825 system was also used in Chrono Trigger
X2xs24kdajI-00210-00053826-00054382 1995
X2xs24kdajI-00211-00054383-00054912 topic notable games
X2xs24kdajI-00212-00054913-00055236 you
X2xs24kdajI-00213-00055237-00055596 topic simultaneously executed and clock
X2xs24kdajI-00214-00055597-00056025 based turns
X2xs24kdajI-00215-00056026-00056337 in simultaneously executed games also
X2xs24kdajI-00216-00056338-00056385 called
X2xs24kdajI-00217-00056386-00056823 phase based or we go turns are separated
X2xs24kdajI-00218-00056824-00057045 into two distinct phases decision and
X2xs24kdajI-00219-00057046-00057294 execution during the decision phase each
X2xs24kdajI-00220-00057295-00057501 player plans and determines his units
X2xs24kdajI-00221-00057502-00057795 actions the decision phase occurs at the
X2xs24kdajI-00222-00057796-00057966 same time for every one so there is
X2xs24kdajI-00223-00057966-00058229 little wait for anyone to finish in the
X2xs24kdajI-00224-00058230-00058464 execution phase all players decisions
X2xs24kdajI-00225-00058465-00058644 are put into action and these actions
X2xs24kdajI-00226-00058645-00058845 are performed more or less automatically
X2xs24kdajI-00227-00058846-00059127 and at the same time the execution phase
X2xs24kdajI-00228-00059128-00059304 is non-interactive and there is no
X2xs24kdajI-00229-00059304-00059469 waiting for other players to complete
X2xs24kdajI-00230-00059470-00059754 their turns one early example is the
X2xs24kdajI-00231-00059754-00060096 1959 board game diplomacy video game
X2xs24kdajI-00232-00060097-00060341 examples include laser squad nemesis
X2xs24kdajI-00233-00060341-00060690 2003 the combat mission series 2000 and
X2xs24kdajI-00234-00060691-00061117 Master of Orion 1993 to 2003 series
X2xs24kdajI-00235-00061119-00061416 clock based games tie all unit actions
X2xs24kdajI-00236-00061416-00061707 directly to the game clock turns begin
X2xs24kdajI-00237-00061708-00061863 and end depending on the duration
X2xs24kdajI-00238-00061864-00062109 specified for each action resulting in a
X2xs24kdajI-00239-00062110-00062274 sequence of turns that is highly
X2xs24kdajI-00240-00062275-00062532 variable and has no set order this
X2xs24kdajI-00241-00062533-00062727 system is frequently cited for its
X2xs24kdajI-00242-00062728-00062874 realism when compared to other
X2xs24kdajI-00243-00062875-00063155 turn-based systems it is also possible
X2xs24kdajI-00244-00063157-00063348 in this system for different players
X2xs24kdajI-00245-00063349-00063554 actions to occur at the same time with
X2xs24kdajI-00246-00063555-00063747 respect to the game clock as in real
X2xs24kdajI-00247-00063748-00064037 time or simultaneously executed games
X2xs24kdajI-00248-00064038-00064278 examples of video games that use this
X2xs24kdajI-00249-00064279-00064514 type of system include typhoon of steel
X2xs24kdajI-00250-00064515-00064896 1988 and mech force 1991 both originally
X2xs24kdajI-00251-00064897-00065316 for the Amiga topic unit initiative and
X2xs24kdajI-00252-00065316-00065526 acting outside ones turn in some games
X2xs24kdajI-00253-00065527-00065715 the sequence of turns depends on the
X2xs24kdajI-00254-00065716-00065910 initiative statistic of each unit no
X2xs24kdajI-00255-00065911-00066113 matter which side the unit belongs to
X2xs24kdajI-00256-00066114-00066372 games of this type are still technically
X2xs24kdajI-00257-00066373-00066669 sequential eg I go you go as only one
X2xs24kdajI-00258-00066670-00066906 unit can perform an action at a time and
X2xs24kdajI-00259-00066907-00067107 the duration of actions is not tied to
X2xs24kdajI-00260-00067108-00067356 the game clock examples include the
X2xs24kdajI-00261-00067357-00067595 video games the Temple of Elemental Evil
X2xs24kdajI-00262-00067596-00068073 2003 and Final Fantasy Tactics 1997 some
X2xs24kdajI-00263-00068074-00068433 games notably the XCOM series 1993 to
X2xs24kdajI-00264-00068434-00068700 1998 of video games in the board war
X2xs24kdajI-00265-00068701-00069021 game advanced squad leader 1985 allow
X2xs24kdajI-00266-00069022-00069189 players to act outside of their normal
X2xs24kdajI-00267-00069190-00069405 turn by providing a means of interrupt
X2xs24kdajI-00268-00069406-00069621 opponents turn in executing additional
X2xs24kdajI-00269-00069622-00069900 actions typically the number and type of
X2xs24kdajI-00270-00069901-00070089 actions a player may take during an
X2xs24kdajI-00271-00070090-00070260 interrupt sequence is limited by the
X2xs24kdajI-00272-00070261-00070422 number of points remaining in the
X2xs24kdajI-00273-00070423-00070614 player's action point pool or something
X2xs24kdajI-00274-00070615-00070794 similar carried over from the previous
X2xs24kdajI-00275-00070795-00071253 turn the silent storm 2003-2004 video
X2xs24kdajI-00276-00071254-00071439 game series includes an interrupt
X2xs24kdajI-00277-00071440-00071613 statistic for each character to
X2xs24kdajI-00278-00071614-00071778 determine the likelihood of out of turn
X2xs24kdajI-00279-00071779-00072156 action in the video game MA X 1996
X2xs24kdajI-00280-00072157-00072381 defensive units may be set to fire out
X2xs24kdajI-00281-00072382-00072567 of turn at the expense of being able to
X2xs24kdajI-00282-00072568-00072810 fire in their own turn in the boardgame
X2xs24kdajI-00283-00072811-00073047 tide of iron the player may play a card
X2xs24kdajI-00284-00073048-00073185 that allows him to interrupt an
X2xs24kdajI-00285-00073186-00073383 opponent's turn and perform an action in
X2xs24kdajI-00286-00073384-00073662 the Mario & Luigi series the player
X2xs24kdajI-00287-00073663-00073815 often has the opportunity to
X2xs24kdajI-00288-00073816-00073998 counter-attack on the enemies turn
X2xs24kdajI-00289-00073999-00074193 causing damage and often halting the
X2xs24kdajI-00290-00074194-00074711 attack
X2xs24kdajI-00291-00074712-00075313 Topic special turns and phases
X2xs24kdajI-00292-00075314-00075574 in some turn-based games not all turns
X2xs24kdajI-00293-00075575-00075799 are alike the boardgame Imperium Romanum
X2xs24kdajI-00294-00075800-00076243 to 1985 for instance features a taxation
X2xs24kdajI-00295-00076244-00076498 and mobilization phase in every third
X2xs24kdajI-00296-00076499-00076696 turn month which does not occur in the
X2xs24kdajI-00297-00076697-00077000 other turns in the board game Napoleon
X2xs24kdajI-00298-00077001-00077317 1974 every third player turn us Knight
X2xs24kdajI-00299-00077318-00077682 turn we're combat is not allowed other
X2xs24kdajI-00300-00077683-00077899 turn-based games feature several phases
X2xs24kdajI-00301-00077900-00078079 dedicated to different types of
X2xs24kdajI-00302-00078080-00078325 activities within each turn in the
X2xs24kdajI-00303-00078326-00078703 battle Isle 1991 to 2001 series of video
X2xs24kdajI-00304-00078704-00078934 games players issue movement orders for
X2xs24kdajI-00305-00078935-00079168 all units in one phase and attack orders
X2xs24kdajI-00306-00079169-00079407 in a later phase in the board game
X2xs24kdajI-00307-00079408-00079690 Agricola 2007 turns are divided into
X2xs24kdajI-00308-00079691-00080043 three phases up keep replenishing and
X2xs24kdajI-00309-00080044-00080544 work a fourth phase harvest occurs every
X2xs24kdajI-00310-00080545-00081045 few turns
X2xs24kdajI-00311-00081046-00081369 topic partially or optionally turn-based
X2xs24kdajI-00312-00081370-00081779 in real time
X2xs24kdajI-00313-00081780-00081986 many other games that are not generally
X2xs24kdajI-00314-00081987-00082175 turn-based retain the notion of
X2xs24kdajI-00315-00082176-00082319 turn-based played during specific
X2xs24kdajI-00316-00082320-00082640 sequences for example the role-playing
X2xs24kdajI-00317-00082641-00082946 video games fallout 1997 and Silent
X2xs24kdajI-00318-00082947-00083192 Storm 2003 are turn-based during the
X2xs24kdajI-00319-00083193-00083381 combat phase and real-time throughout
X2xs24kdajI-00320-00083382-00083626 the remainder of the game this speeds up
X2xs24kdajI-00321-00083627-00083867 portions of the game such as exploration
X2xs24kdajI-00322-00083868-00084053 where the careful timing of actions is
X2xs24kdajI-00323-00084054-00084323 not crucial to player success some
X2xs24kdajI-00324-00084324-00084500 turn-based games have been criticized
X2xs24kdajI-00325-00084501-00084694 for omitting this feature other video
X2xs24kdajI-00326-00084695-00084986 games such as the Total War series 2000
X2xs24kdajI-00327-00084987-00085069 to 2011
X2xs24kdajI-00328-00085070-00085481 XCOM 1993 and jagged alliance to 1999
X2xs24kdajI-00329-00085482-00085744 combine a turn-based strategic lair with
X2xs24kdajI-00330-00085745-00085994 real-time tactical combat or vice-versa
X2xs24kdajI-00331-00085995-00086296 lastly the video games XCOM apocalypse
X2xs24kdajI-00332-00086297-00086690 1997 Fallout Tactics 2001 and Arcanum of
X2xs24kdajI-00333-00086691-00086999 Steamworks in magic obscura 2001 offered
X2xs24kdajI-00334-00087000-00087157 players the option to play in either
X2xs24kdajI-00335-00087158-00087359 turn-based or real-time mode via a
X2xs24kdajI-00336-00087360-00087619 configuration setting the latter also
X2xs24kdajI-00337-00087620-00087950 offered a fast turn-based mode though
X2xs24kdajI-00338-00087951-00088106 all three of the games modes were
X2xs24kdajI-00339-00088107-00088322 criticized for being poorly balanced and
X2xs24kdajI-00340-00088323-00088883 oversimplified
X2xs24kdajI-00341-00088884-00089427 topic possible real-time
X2xs24kdajI-00342-00089428-00089664 in real-time games with an active pause
X2xs24kdajI-00343-00089665-00089994 system also called possible real time or
X2xs24kdajI-00344-00089995-00090351 real time with pause players are able to
X2xs24kdajI-00345-00090352-00090534 pause the game and issue orders such
X2xs24kdajI-00346-00090535-00090753 that once a game is unpause orders are
X2xs24kdajI-00347-00090754-00091038 automatically put into effect this type
X2xs24kdajI-00348-00091039-00091257 of system can offer additional tactical
X2xs24kdajI-00349-00091258-00091443 options and can resolve issues that
X2xs24kdajI-00350-00091444-00091632 arise in other real-time games where
X2xs24kdajI-00351-00091633-00091839 orders must be given to multiple units
X2xs24kdajI-00352-00091840-00091986 at the same time normally an
X2xs24kdajI-00353-00091987-00092286 impossibility in real-time games it can
X2xs24kdajI-00354-00092287-00092511 also help players who desire extra time
X2xs24kdajI-00355-00092512-00092738 for analysis before issuing actions
X2xs24kdajI-00356-00092739-00093030 there are several variations of possible
X2xs24kdajI-00357-00093031-00093222 real-time combat among mouse-driven
X2xs24kdajI-00358-00093223-00093474 party based computer role-playing games
X2xs24kdajI-00359-00093475-00093672 the possible real-time system was
X2xs24kdajI-00360-00093673-00093890 popularized by the Baldur's Gate Series
X2xs24kdajI-00361-00093891-00094224 1998 to 2001 though the same mechanic
X2xs24kdajI-00362-00094225-00094422 was also present in earlier role-playing
X2xs24kdajI-00363-00094423-00094713 games such as in Knights of zantar 1991
X2xs24kdajI-00364-00094714-00094791 Darklands
X2xs24kdajI-00365-00094792-00095187 1992 Tales of Phantasia 1995 and is well
X2xs24kdajI-00366-00095188-00095388 in the realtime strategy game Total
X2xs24kdajI-00367-00095389-00095706 Annihilation 1997 in baldur's gate
X2xs24kdajI-00368-00095707-00095919 players also have the option to allow
X2xs24kdajI-00369-00095920-00096105 the artificial intelligence to take
X2xs24kdajI-00370-00096106-00096276 control during combat though they can
X2xs24kdajI-00371-00096277-00096480 press the spacebar at any time to regain
X2xs24kdajI-00372-00096481-00096750 control of their characters further in
X2xs24kdajI-00373-00096751-00096930 baldur's gate players are able to
X2xs24kdajI-00374-00096931-00097101 configure the game to automatically
X2xs24kdajI-00375-00097102-00097278 pause when certain conditions are met
X2xs24kdajI-00376-00097279-00097473 such as at the end of a round or upon
X2xs24kdajI-00377-00097474-00097700 the death of a non-player character a
X2xs24kdajI-00378-00097701-00098013 variation of active pause called smart
X2xs24kdajI-00379-00098014-00098337 pause mode or SPM is an advertised
X2xs24kdajI-00380-00098338-00098538 feature of appearance Brigade II five
X2xs24kdajI-00381-00098539-00098903 new jagged union 2006 and 7.62
X2xs24kdajI-00382-00098904-00099240 high-caliber 2007 among strategy video
X2xs24kdajI-00383-00099241-00099447 games it is used exclusively in the
X2xs24kdajI-00384-00099448-00099642 slow-paced grand strategy games
X2xs24kdajI-00385-00099643-00099876 developed by Paradox Interactive and was
X2xs24kdajI-00386-00099877-00100047 the originally intended mode of the
X2xs24kdajI-00387-00100048-00100335 Civilization series 1991 before the
X2xs24kdajI-00388-00100336-00100515 developers decided to switch to turn
X2xs24kdajI-00389-00100516-00100772 based among construction and management
X2xs24kdajI-00390-00100773-00101007 simulations it has been present in the
X2xs24kdajI-00391-00101008-00101400 SimCity series since SimCity 1989 in the
X2xs24kdajI-00392-00101401-00101637 single character console RPGs
X2xs24kdajI-00393-00101638-00101991 Parasite Eve 1998 and vagrant story 2000
X2xs24kdajI-00394-00101992-00102153 the player can pause the game to take
X2xs24kdajI-00395-00102154-00102405 aim with a weapon in vagrant stories
X2xs24kdajI-00396-00102406-00102605 case this allows players to target
X2xs24kdajI-00397-00102606-00102849 specific body parts while the game is
X2xs24kdajI-00398-00102850-00103104 a similar mechanic was later used in the
X2xs24kdajI-00399-00103105-00103266 real-time role-playing game last
X2xs24kdajI-00400-00103267-00103682 rebellion 2010 jagged alliance to 1999
X2xs24kdajI-00401-00103683-00104022 and fallout 1997 allow players to target
X2xs24kdajI-00402-00104023-00104223 individual body parts during turn-based
X2xs24kdajI-00403-00104224-00104451 combat the latter led to the creation of
X2xs24kdajI-00404-00104452-00104681 the VATS system in the real-time RPG
X2xs24kdajI-00405-00104682-00104865 Fallout 3 where you could pause the game
X2xs24kdajI-00406-00104866-00105085 to target individual body parts
X2xs24kdajI-00407-00105086-00105504 Final Fantasy 12 2006 expanded on active
X2xs24kdajI-00408-00105505-00105828 pause combat with its gambits system
X2xs24kdajI-00409-00105829-00106010 which allows players to collect and
X2xs24kdajI-00410-00106011-00106182 apply preferences to the artificial
X2xs24kdajI-00411-00106183-00106371 intelligence routines of partner
X2xs24kdajI-00412-00106372-00106551 characters who will then perform certain
X2xs24kdajI-00413-00106552-00106713 actions in response to certain
X2xs24kdajI-00414-00106714-00107121 conditions a similar tactics system
X2xs24kdajI-00415-00107122-00107333 later appeared in Dragon Age Origins
X2xs24kdajI-00416-00107333-00107754 2009 and Dragon Age 2 2011 Knights of
X2xs24kdajI-00417-00107755-00108138 Xen tar 1991 and Secret of Mana 1993
X2xs24kdajI-00418-00108139-00108345 also allow an adjustable artificial
X2xs24kdajI-00419-00108346-00108519 intelligence to take control during
X2xs24kdajI-00420-00108520-00109067 combat
X2xs24kdajI-00421-00109068-00109776 topic real-time vs. turn-based gameplay
X2xs24kdajI-00422-00109777-00110028 a debate has emerged between fans of
X2xs24kdajI-00423-00110029-00110223 real-time and turn-based video games
X2xs24kdajI-00424-00110224-00110415 usually some type of strategy or
X2xs24kdajI-00425-00110416-00110622 role-playing game based on the merits of
X2xs24kdajI-00426-00110623-00110806 each system various arguments are made
X2xs24kdajI-00427-00110807-00111102 by proponents arguments made in favour
X2xs24kdajI-00428-00111103-00111433 of turn-based systems include the extra
X2xs24kdajI-00429-00111433-00111643 time available to players in turn based
X2xs24kdajI-00430-00111644-00111825 systems allow them to plan their moves
X2xs24kdajI-00431-00111826-00112014 to a greater degree and permit game
X2xs24kdajI-00432-00112015-00112200 designers to offer additional tactical
X2xs24kdajI-00433-00112201-00112503 and gameplay options the same options
X2xs24kdajI-00434-00112504-00112689 when used in combination with the time
X2xs24kdajI-00435-00112690-00112872 pressures of real-time games on the
X2xs24kdajI-00436-00112873-00113070 other hand can cause new players to feel
X2xs24kdajI-00437-00113071-00113356 overwhelmed games are fairer due to a
X2xs24kdajI-00438-00113357-00113600 lack of reliance upon player reflexes a
X2xs24kdajI-00439-00113601-00113881 player with slower reflexes is not at a
X2xs24kdajI-00440-00113882-00114082 disadvantage compared to faster players
X2xs24kdajI-00441-00114083-00114312 rather only the ability to think through
X2xs24kdajI-00442-00114313-00114465 and solve the current problem as
X2xs24kdajI-00443-00114466-00114741 important games can in theory have
X2xs24kdajI-00444-00114742-00114945 better artificial intelligence due to
X2xs24kdajI-00445-00114946-00115083 the greater amount of computer
X2xs24kdajI-00446-00115084-00115377 processing power available to them it is
X2xs24kdajI-00447-00115378-00115614 more realistic to control multiple units
X2xs24kdajI-00448-00115615-00115795 intelligently using this system as
X2xs24kdajI-00449-00115796-00115959 players do not have to divide their
X2xs24kdajI-00450-00115960-00116143 attention among multiple independent
X2xs24kdajI-00451-00116144-00116454 units all moving simultaneously likewise
X2xs24kdajI-00452-00116455-00116646 it is easier to keep track of what the
X2xs24kdajI-00453-00116647-00116841 enemy is doing at all times since the
X2xs24kdajI-00454-00116842-00117027 player is typically informed of every
X2xs24kdajI-00455-00117028-00117213 move in advance not taking into account
X2xs24kdajI-00456-00117214-00117471 fog of war arguments made in favor of
X2xs24kdajI-00457-00117472-00117789 real-time systems include armies pausing
X2xs24kdajI-00458-00117790-00117984 mid combat to take turns and act in a
X2xs24kdajI-00459-00117985-00118194 sequential manner as unrealistic
X2xs24kdajI-00460-00118195-00118407 real-life combat occurs simultaneously
X2xs24kdajI-00461-00118408-00118653 with no side pausing to let the other
X2xs24kdajI-00462-00118654-00118890 side move however this only pertains to
X2xs24kdajI-00463-00118891-00119186 sequential turn-based systems not Wego
X2xs24kdajI-00464-00119187-00119545 systems thinking and acting quickly as
X2xs24kdajI-00465-00119546-00119754 part of the strategy and constitutes an
X2xs24kdajI-00466-00119755-00119957 additional element of challenge
X2xs24kdajI-00467-00119958-00120174 real-time systems are viscerally
X2xs24kdajI-00468-00120175-00120357 exciting and add two players sense of
X2xs24kdajI-00469-00120358-00120643 immersion ie players feel more like they
X2xs24kdajI-00470-00120644-00120921 are really there an experiencing game
X2xs24kdajI-00471-00120922-00121248 events firsthand turn-based games have
X2xs24kdajI-00472-00121249-00121420 too many rules and are difficult to
X2xs24kdajI-00473-00121421-00121520 master
X2xs24kdajI-00474-00121521-00121756 realtime games are more multiplayer
X2xs24kdajI-00475-00121757-00121932 friendly sitting around and waiting
X2xs24kdajI-00476-00121933-00122127 while other players take their turns can
X2xs24kdajI-00477-00122128-00122421 become tiresome the added element of a
X2xs24kdajI-00478-00122422-00122604 shared clock ensures that each situation
X2xs24kdajI-00479-00122605-00122811 cannot be reduced to an easily
X2xs24kdajI-00480-00122812-00123100 repeatable sequential series of steps
X2xs24kdajI-00481-00123101-00123319 rather the reliance upon player timing
X2xs24kdajI-00482-00123320-00123478 ensures that outcomes are highly
X2xs24kdajI-00483-00123479-00124039 variable
X2xs24kdajI-00484-00124040-00124561 topic see also
X2xs24kdajI-00485-00124563-00125121 sequential game simultaneous game
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00000-00000008-00000271 free he began practicing krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00001-00000272-00000551 consciousness in new york city
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00002-00000552-00000854 and shortly after began serving at
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00003-00000855-00001111 new vrindaman farm community
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00004-00001112-00001303 in west virginia
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00005-00001304-00001574 maharaja received initiation in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00006-00001575-00001814 1973
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00007-00001816-00001959 from his divine grace i see
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00008-00001960-00002247 bhaktivedanta swami shiva prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00009-00002248-00002379 and in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00010-00002380-00002807 1986 mahaj accepted the sannyas order
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00011-00002808-00003071 and began preaching in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00012-00003072-00003463 uh sinsa nati and colombias
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00013-00003464-00003651 and in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00014-00003652-00004038 1990s he became involved with the scone
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00015-00004039-00004327 prison ministries in america and began
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00016-00004328-00004599 visiting inmates holding programs along
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00017-00004600-00004847 with writing letters to inmates and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00018-00004848-00004943 sending
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00019-00004944-00005231 in srirapada's books
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00020-00005232-00005299 in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00021-00005300-00005606 1995 maharaj began serving as the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00022-00005607-00005870 resident sannyasi in chicago
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00023-00005871-00006102 where he is based today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00024-00006103-00006399 at present malach preaches in america
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00025-00006400-00006518 india
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00026-00006519-00006839 west western europe souvenir
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00027-00006840-00007127 croatia italy and in new york and today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00028-00007128-00007327 we have got maharaj in new zealand as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00029-00007328-00007423 well
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00030-00007423-00007623 and he is the initiating spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00031-00007623-00007959 master within the scone society so on
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00032-00007959-00008199 behalf of us
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00033-00008200-00008391 a very warm welcome to you thank you so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00034-00008392-00008559 much for accepting
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00035-00008560-00008831 uh our invitation and being with us so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00036-00008832-00009211 all over to you hari krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00037-00009212-00009783 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00038-00009784-00012710 that's my shri
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00039-00012711-00014050 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00040-00014051-00014279 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00041-00014280-00014615 today we are uh honoring the supreme
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00042-00014616-00014807 personality of godhead and one of his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00043-00014808-00014999 most amazing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00044-00015000-00015399 incarnations known as sri van nadev
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00045-00015400-00015599 the lord has incarnates in many
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00046-00015600-00015863 manifestations of himself for different
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00047-00015863-00016015 purposes
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00048-00016016-00016319 primarily to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00049-00016319-00016479 uplift
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00050-00016480-00016655 the devotees
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00051-00016656-00017071 to rid the world of demoniac influences
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00052-00017072-00017294 and re-establish true religious
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00053-00017295-00017471 principles
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00054-00017472-00017575 krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00055-00017576-00017814 states that in the bhagavad-gita
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00056-00017815-00017983 so from time to time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00057-00017984-00018150 it's required
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00058-00018151-00018367 throughout the history of mankind for
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00059-00018368-00018535 the lord to appear
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00060-00018536-00018791 on one planet or another somewhere in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00061-00018792-00019063 the material universe is to perform
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00062-00019064-00019439 one or more of these activities
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00063-00019440-00019679 so we read in the shrimad bhagavatam in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00064-00019680-00019863 the eighth canto
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00065-00019864-00020103 about the pastimes and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00066-00020104-00020247 appearance
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00067-00020248-00020599 of uh sri vamanadeva
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00068-00020600-00020719 the story
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00069-00020720-00020950 starts way back
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00070-00020951-00021083 wherein the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00071-00021084-00021439 demigods were
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00072-00021440-00021671 attacked by the demons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00073-00021672-00021903 and it was a great fight
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00074-00021904-00022212 and in that fight the demigods were
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00075-00022213-00022335 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00076-00022336-00022519 victorious
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00077-00022520-00022711 and bali maharaja who was the head of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00078-00022712-00022878 the demons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00079-00022879-00023063 was quite
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00080-00023064-00023391 severely wounded in the battle
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00081-00023392-00023663 he was taken to a particular mountain
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00082-00023664-00023847 and on that mountain
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00083-00023848-00024047 he was treated very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00084-00024048-00024271 uh successfully
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00085-00024272-00024350 by
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00086-00024351-00024567 sukuracharya
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00087-00024568-00024775 which who later became his spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00088-00024776-00024967 master actually he was the spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00089-00024968-00025183 master of the demons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00090-00025184-00025471 sukhitarya had many many powers and so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00091-00025472-00025711 he was able to heal
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00092-00025712-00026022 bali maharaja bali maharaj dedicated his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00093-00026023-00026262 life to sukuru chariot
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00094-00026263-00026543 and because of his dedication to his two
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00095-00026544-00026799 supreme chariots
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00096-00026800-00027055 along with the demons became quite
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00097-00027056-00027279 powerful again
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00098-00027280-00027551 this time after receiving that mercy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00099-00027552-00027758 from sukuracharia
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00100-00027760-00028023 the demons were invincible
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00101-00028024-00028351 so they headed into the heavenly planets
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00102-00028352-00028462 again
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00103-00028463-00028662 and this time as they were approaching
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00104-00028663-00028943 the demigods could realize bali was not
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00105-00028944-00029158 not only back but back
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00106-00029160-00029455 in a very powerful way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00107-00029456-00029670 so the demigods were going to prepare to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00108-00029672-00029758 fight
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00109-00029760-00029974 but brihaspidi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00110-00029975-00030287 who was the priest of the demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00111-00030288-00030495 advised indra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00112-00030495-00030758 not to fight at this particular time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00113-00030760-00030951 there would be no victory
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00114-00030952-00031223 the providence has given
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00115-00031224-00031470 supremacy to the demons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00116-00031472-00031751 therefore it is best to hide
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00117-00031752-00031983 for the time being
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00118-00031983-00032255 so the demons i'm sorry the demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00119-00032256-00032455 left the heavenly planets
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00120-00032456-00032743 and without a fight bali and his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00121-00032744-00032871 followers
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00122-00032872-00033087 took over the entire realm of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00123-00033088-00033359 heavenly area
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00124-00033360-00033615 and he had conquered also the lower
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00125-00033616-00033735 areas
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00126-00033736-00034055 the earthly realm and below that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00127-00034056-00034327 and so bali had became so powerful that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00128-00034328-00034567 he had conquered all places within the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00129-00034568-00035031 three worlds
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00130-00035032-00035287 the demigods were in a
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00131-00035288-00035574 very difficult situation
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00132-00035575-00035759 and um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00133-00035760-00035990 they didn't know what to do of course
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00134-00035991-00036183 they went to lord brahma and lord brahma
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00135-00036184-00036483 told them it's not the time right
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00136-00036484-00036839 now and so the mother of the demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00137-00036840-00037007 aditi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00138-00037008-00037262 she was very much concerned about her
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00139-00037263-00037495 sons well many of them were demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00140-00037496-00037759 including indra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00141-00037760-00038207 so uh she uh approached her husband
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00142-00038208-00038502 and he gave her a particular
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00143-00038503-00038623 brata
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00144-00038624-00038839 austerity to perform
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00145-00038840-00039111 and she successfully executed this very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00146-00039112-00039327 severe austerity
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00147-00039328-00039567 upon completing it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00148-00039568-00039887 she got the darshan of lord visnu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00149-00039888-00040079 vishnu appeared to her
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00150-00040080-00040415 and was willing to grant her wish
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00151-00040416-00040695 she asked that the lord would appear
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00152-00040696-00040990 and re-capture the heavenly planets and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00153-00040991-00041199 re-establish her sons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00154-00041200-00041407 within the realm
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00155-00041408-00041751 vishnu agreed and he disappeared
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00156-00041752-00041974 and after some time that same vishnu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00157-00041975-00042207 manifested himself
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00158-00042208-00042311 as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00159-00042312-00042583 shri vamanadeva
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00160-00042584-00042758 it's a beautiful description on the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00161-00042759-00042935 appearance of vamana day from the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00162-00042936-00043151 srimad-bhagavatam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00163-00043152-00043543 and the later chapters in the 8th canto
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00164-00043544-00043846 the lord of clear
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00165-00043847-00043999 and i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00166-00044000-00044246 out of the metaphor different qualities
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00167-00044247-00044567 or you might say opulences of the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00168-00044568-00044783 there are six main
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00169-00044784-00044951 the lord is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00170-00044952-00045167 he is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00171-00045168-00045430 the reservoir of all
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00172-00045431-00045567 wealth
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00173-00045568-00045702 of fame
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00174-00045703-00046039 or strength all knowledge more beauty
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00175-00046040-00046302 and all renunciation
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00176-00046303-00046567 so many times when the lord appears in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00177-00046568-00046862 the material realm he exhibits one or
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00178-00046863-00047167 more of these opulences in full
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00179-00047168-00047423 in this particular manifestation as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00180-00047424-00047567 vamanadev
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00181-00047568-00047943 he manifested his beauty opulence
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00182-00047944-00048174 so when he appeared he attracted the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00183-00048175-00048327 attention of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00184-00048328-00048399 of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00185-00048400-00048630 so many great souls
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00186-00048631-00048799 lord siva
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00187-00048800-00049083 lord siva's wife babati
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00188-00049084-00049279 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00189-00049280-00049511 kuvera
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00190-00049512-00050023 lord brahma
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00191-00050024-00050135 indra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00192-00050136-00050295 many other
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00193-00050296-00050518 personalities came
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00194-00050519-00050774 and they all awarded him a particular
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00195-00050775-00050902 gift
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00196-00050903-00051271 he received a dunda an umbrella
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00197-00051272-00051382 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00198-00051383-00051542 a
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00199-00051544-00051782 a sacred thread
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00200-00051783-00052030 a pair of underwear from his mother
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00201-00052032-00052207 aditi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00202-00052208-00052242 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00203-00052244-00052575 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00204-00052576-00052750 various types of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00205-00052751-00052854 gifts
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00206-00052855-00053142 were showered upon vamanadev as he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00207-00053144-00053247 appeared
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00208-00053248-00053494 in his beautiful dwarf-like
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00209-00053495-00053663 feature
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00210-00053664-00053903 the lord did not waste time out his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00211-00053904-00054159 appearance he immediately headed to the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00212-00054160-00054399 assembly of bali maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00213-00054400-00054535 to begin
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00214-00054536-00054775 his mission
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00215-00054776-00055054 when he appeared the demons became quite
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00216-00055055-00055319 disturbed on his appearance
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00217-00055320-00055671 babali maharaja very troubably disposed
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00218-00055672-00055887 and always eager to welcome
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00219-00055888-00056063 he saw that this beautiful young
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00220-00056064-00056247 brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00221-00056248-00056454 came to his assembly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00222-00056455-00056719 and be inclined to the prominence
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00223-00056720-00056959 he immediately approached and he could
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00224-00056960-00057142 understand that this personality was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00225-00057144-00057391 very very special
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00226-00057391-00057671 so he started to worship his brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00227-00057672-00057903 who was actually the supreme lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00228-00057904-00058119 and offer nice prayers
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00229-00058120-00058391 he washed his feet and so many ways he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00230-00058391-00058854 pleased
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00231-00058855-00059071 after some time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00232-00059072-00059230 the uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00233-00059232-00059503 lord was pleased so pleased by the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00234-00059504-00059638 worship
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00235-00059639-00059887 that vomit they've started to glorify
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00236-00059888-00060166 the family by which bali maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00237-00060167-00060430 appeared in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00238-00060432-00060679 he glorified
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00239-00060679-00061023 his great-grandfather
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00240-00061024-00061271 karani kashibu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00241-00061272-00061447 who was killed
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00242-00061448-00061550 by
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00243-00061551-00061775 the supreme personality got him in the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00244-00061776-00061999 form of lord of sringadev
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00245-00062000-00062254 he glorified her on yaksha for fighting
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00246-00062255-00062671 so valiantly again against the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00247-00062672-00062982 in his form as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00248-00062983-00063142 varahadev
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00249-00063144-00063406 and of course he mentioned
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00250-00063407-00063511 being
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00251-00063512-00063806 in such a family prahlada maharaja the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00252-00063807-00064030 great devotee of the lord was also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00253-00064032-00064166 connected
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00254-00064167-00064359 as the grandfather
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00255-00064360-00064719 of bali maharaja his father was virus
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00256-00064720-00064999 his son was virochen who became
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00257-00065000-00065326 the father of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00258-00065327-00065599 bali maharaja so the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00259-00065600-00066071 just showered so much praise upon bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00260-00066072-00066367 and bali was very much pleased
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00261-00066368-00066535 and then bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00262-00066536-00067087 and the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00263-00067088-00067271 and no actually was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00264-00067272-00067559 then bali started to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00265-00067560-00067743 say well you are a brahmana you have
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00266-00067744-00067847 come
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00267-00067848-00068087 and i am very charitably disposed to the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00268-00068088-00068255 brahmana class
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00269-00068256-00068479 so please give me the opportunity to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00270-00068480-00068750 grant you any wish you want please
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00271-00068751-00069255 ask for me anything you would like
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00272-00069256-00069438 vamana dave
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00273-00069439-00069623 immediately
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00274-00069624-00069911 didn't respond but he said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00275-00069912-00070167 actually what do i need
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00276-00070168-00070423 i'm simply a brahmana boy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00277-00070424-00070638 i need very little
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00278-00070639-00070975 so and of course one should not
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00279-00070976-00071294 try to ask for anything beyond their
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00280-00071295-00071511 personal needs
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00281-00071512-00071662 and then the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00282-00071663-00071903 bali was insisted so the lord said i all
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00283-00071904-00072287 right i will take three steps of land
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00284-00072288-00072503 bali was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00285-00072504-00072799 was amazed and at the same time quite
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00286-00072800-00072911 shocked
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00287-00072912-00073135 you're so small
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00288-00073136-00073350 and you're only asking for three steps
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00289-00073351-00073471 of land
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00290-00073472-00073662 and i'm prepared to give you anything
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00291-00073663-00073838 you want i own
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00292-00073839-00074047 everything within the three realms of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00293-00074048-00074199 existence
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00294-00074200-00074503 so please do not insult me by asking so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00295-00074504-00074599 little
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00296-00074600-00074847 please take more
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00297-00074848-00074959 but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00298-00074960-00075206 the lord said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00299-00075207-00075511 something very instructive for all of us
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00300-00075512-00075638 he said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00301-00075639-00075894 one who is not satisfied with what he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00302-00075895-00076006 needs
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00303-00076007-00076359 will never be satisfied
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00304-00076360-00076550 and he went on to describe that any
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00305-00076551-00076782 everything in the material world
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00306-00076783-00077082 cannot provide
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00307-00077083-00077319 satisfaction and uh but bali was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00308-00077320-00077462 insistent
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00309-00077463-00077687 now sukuruchari he was there listening
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00310-00077688-00077806 to this whole
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00311-00077807-00077959 dialogue
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00312-00077960-00078238 and he became quite
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00313-00078239-00078359 afraid
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00314-00078360-00078519 or fearful
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00315-00078520-00078679 because he understood that this
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00316-00078680-00078935 personality was the supreme personality
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00317-00078936-00079062 of godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00318-00079063-00079279 and he had come
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00319-00079280-00079567 on behalf of the demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00320-00079568-00079919 and so he started to speak and he said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00321-00079920-00080191 actually you know bali you don't know
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00322-00080192-00080375 what you're doing this is the supreme
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00323-00080376-00080462 lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00324-00080463-00080655 he will take everything away from you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00325-00080656-00080862 with those three steps of land in fact
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00326-00080863-00081079 he'll do it in two steps
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00327-00081080-00081294 and then you will not be able to fulfill
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00328-00081295-00081526 your promise and you will not be able to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00329-00081527-00081750 give him the third step
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00330-00081751-00081847 so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00331-00081848-00082094 it is understood according to one
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00332-00082095-00082375 shastra he mentions one shastra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00333-00082376-00082703 that if a promise is not preceded by the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00334-00082704-00083031 the mantra om or the word om
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00335-00083032-00083359 then that promise is not valid one can
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00336-00083360-00083535 change
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00337-00083536-00083887 and in so many ways he tried to dissuade
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00338-00083888-00084087 bali maharaj for
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00339-00084088-00084318 offering all of these
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00340-00084319-00084559 opportunities for the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00341-00084560-00084799 to act on behalf of the demigods but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00342-00084800-00085238 bali was very insistent
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00343-00085239-00085494 and secretariat's arguments were based
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00344-00085495-00085759 on shastra not
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00345-00085760-00085943 main shastra but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00346-00085944-00086326 smaller shastras which say that if one's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00347-00086327-00086462 interest
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00348-00086463-00086799 is at stake then one can rescind or
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00349-00086800-00086967 change once
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00350-00086968-00087206 one's promise
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00351-00087207-00087462 bali didn't want to hear it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00352-00087463-00087815 he called bali quoted one verse from the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00353-00087816-00088335 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00354-00088336-00088526 uh well it's quoted in the bhagavatam it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00355-00088527-00088726 doesn't give a reference
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00356-00088727-00088975 but in that particular verse
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00357-00088976-00089103 it says
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00358-00089104-00089262 mother earth
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00359-00089263-00089399 can bear
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00360-00089400-00089743 any form of sinful activity
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00361-00089744-00089991 except a liar
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00362-00089992-00090206 and prabhupad goes on to explain in that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00363-00090207-00090406 particular purport
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00364-00090407-00090606 that you see in today's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00365-00090607-00090735 age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00366-00090736-00091367 everyone is subjected to the element
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00367-00091368-00091503 truth
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00368-00091504-00091775 so in kali yuga you hardly find
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00369-00091776-00091991 truthfulness anywhere
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00370-00091992-00092255 and wali now the lord is bali is saying
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00371-00092256-00092359 that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00372-00092360-00092575 how can i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00373-00092576-00092806 after giving my promise
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00374-00092807-00092879 to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00375-00092880-00092991 the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00376-00092992-00093191 take my promise back well he doesn't
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00377-00093192-00093382 refer to him as the lord he refers to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00378-00093383-00093494 him as a
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00379-00093495-00093687 brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00380-00093688-00093926 i would rather give up my life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00381-00093927-00094062 everything
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00382-00094063-00094247 than to offend
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00383-00094248-00094518 a brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00384-00094519-00094650 so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00385-00094651-00094935 sucracharya ran out of arguments and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00386-00094936-00095335 then he said therefore i curse you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00387-00095336-00095615 that you will be bereft of everything
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00388-00095616-00095665 you own
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00389-00095666-00095838 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00390-00095839-00096047 but bali was not
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00391-00096048-00096271 disturbed by sukhoi chariot that's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00392-00096272-00096503 interesting because sukarcharya was his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00393-00096504-00096703 spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00394-00096704-00096950 it appears in this particular situation
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00395-00096951-00097279 he's disobeying his spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00396-00097280-00097543 which which is understood to be a great
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00397-00097544-00097694 offense
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00398-00097695-00097935 but in this case it wasn't why because
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00399-00097936-00098167 the spiritual master is supposed to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00400-00098168-00098391 represent the supreme personality of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00401-00098392-00098550 godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00402-00098551-00098903 and bali and sukhoi was not represent he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00403-00098904-00099143 was acting against
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00404-00099144-00099335 the will of the supreme personality of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00405-00099336-00099655 godhead therefore he became asara the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00406-00099656-00099999 sarah means useless
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00407-00100000-00100150 doesn't have any
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00408-00100151-00100374 standing anywhere
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00409-00100375-00100515 so in this
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00410-00100516-00100815 particular case
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00411-00100816-00101062 bali was explaining
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00412-00101063-00101143 that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00413-00101144-00101287 how
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00414-00101288-00101487 can i give up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00415-00101488-00101694 you know my promise
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00416-00101695-00101943 i would rather suffer in hell
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00417-00101944-00102062 eternally
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00418-00102063-00102199 than to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00419-00102200-00102326 offend
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00420-00102327-00102542 a brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00421-00102543-00102942 and of course sukhoi charia
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00422-00102943-00103175 ran out of his arguments and he became
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00423-00103176-00103310 very angry
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00424-00103311-00103551 so but it was interesting to note that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00425-00103552-00103702 this principle of following the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00426-00103703-00103910 spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00427-00103911-00104142 is an absolute principle but in this
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00428-00104143-00104318 case
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00429-00104319-00104447 it was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00430-00104448-00104830 changed because of secretaries
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00431-00104831-00105047 activities that were against
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00432-00105048-00105286 the will of the supreme lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00433-00105288-00105558 so by bali rejecting his spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00434-00105559-00105815 master and accepting vamana today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00435-00105816-00106263 he was acting on religious principles
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00436-00106264-00106495 and so then the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00437-00106496-00106863 he said okay we'll take your steps
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00438-00106864-00107110 and the lord took one step
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00439-00107111-00107327 and covered the lower
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00440-00107328-00107510 and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00441-00107511-00107775 middle planetary systems
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00442-00107776-00107975 and in the second step he expanded
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00443-00107976-00108095 himself
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00444-00108096-00108251 as a beautiful picture in the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00445-00108252-00108486 srimad-bhagavatam you see the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00446-00108488-00108734 in a very gigantic form
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00447-00108735-00109039 pointing his toe towards the upper realm
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00448-00109040-00109254 and what he did it punctured the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00449-00109255-00109463 coverings of the universe
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00450-00109464-00109695 and the ganges river which was flowing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00451-00109696-00109927 in the heavenly planets started to flow
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00452-00109928-00110223 down towards the lower planets
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00453-00110224-00110543 lord rama seeing what was happening
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00454-00110544-00110863 he took out his kamen daelu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00455-00110864-00110966 pot
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00456-00110967-00111183 and he collected the water
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00457-00111183-00111383 coming from the toe
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00458-00111383-00111686 of the supreme personality of godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00459-00111688-00111910 and he washed the feet
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00460-00111911-00112047 of the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00461-00112048-00112383 and he put that water on his head
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00462-00112383-00112590 so that was one of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00463-00112591-00112775 three
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00464-00112776-00113054 aspects of the gunga's existence in the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00465-00113055-00113215 material world
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00466-00113216-00113647 it was two other one was when
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00467-00113648-00113951 the sons of sanghara had offended kapila
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00468-00113952-00114063 dave
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00469-00114064-00114271 and then janava
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00470-00114272-00114471 janaba muni
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00471-00114472-00114854 actually by his power brought the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00472-00114855-00115078 ganga devi to earth
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00473-00115079-00115671 by his austerity
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00474-00115672-00115790 janu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00475-00115791-00116078 muni muni that's why sometimes
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00476-00116079-00116285 again jesus is called
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00477-00116286-00116766 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00478-00116767-00117078 it's referred to the sage king or the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00479-00117079-00117495 sage jado
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00480-00117496-00117758 and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00481-00117759-00118039 and now the lord had captured the three
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00482-00118040-00118263 realms including the higher planetary
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00483-00118264-00118439 systems
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00484-00118440-00118710 bali is watching this all the demons are
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00485-00118711-00118871 watching this
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00486-00118872-00119023 and then
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00487-00119024-00119278 the lord turns to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00488-00119279-00119583 bali he said you have promised me three
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00489-00119583-00119710 steps
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00490-00119711-00119951 i have taken two and there's no place
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00491-00119952-00120151 for my third step
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00492-00120152-00120414 therefore you have broke your promise
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00493-00120415-00120671 you should be punished now it's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00494-00120672-00120983 interesting the lord became very heavy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00495-00120983-00121239 in treating bali maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00496-00121240-00121486 and he called for the ropes of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00497-00121488-00121863 suki which is a mystic snake and he came
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00498-00121864-00122166 and he tied up bali simply like an
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00499-00122167-00122478 ordinary prisoner
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00500-00122479-00122719 and bali's all tied up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00501-00122720-00123039 now the demons along with the wife
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00502-00123040-00123254 of bali maharaja are becoming really
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00503-00123255-00123414 disturbed
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00504-00123415-00123599 and uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00505-00123600-00123710 so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00506-00123711-00123975 the demons decided to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00507-00123976-00124183 try to do something but the demigods
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00508-00124183-00124334 also were there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00509-00124335-00124534 and there was a big fight between the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00510-00124535-00124727 demigods and the demons
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00511-00124728-00124910 right in the assembly hall but bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00512-00124911-00125102 maharaja immediately
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00513-00125103-00125383 called for the demons to withdraw the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00514-00125383-00125534 fight
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00515-00125535-00125734 and they did
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00516-00125735-00125990 and at the same time the wife of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00517-00125991-00126534 bin vidyavali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00518-00126535-00126783 she uh she started to worship the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00519-00126783-00127039 supreme personality of godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00520-00127040-00127351 lord vamana dave in such a nice way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00521-00127352-00127686 there's an interesting story that is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00522-00127688-00128054 somewhat connected to another pastime
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00523-00128055-00128263 and that is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00524-00128264-00128375 the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00525-00128376-00128527 sister
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00526-00128528-00128831 of bali her name was ratna bahu i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00527-00128832-00129102 believe her name was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00528-00129103-00129510 when she saw vamanadev
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00529-00129511-00129823 she developed maternal affection for the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00530-00129824-00130047 lord because the lord appeared in his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00531-00130048-00130334 form as a dwarf brahmana
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00532-00130335-00130583 so her motherly affection
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00533-00130583-00130878 came out towards vamana day
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00534-00130879-00131127 but then when she saw what vamana dave
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00535-00131128-00131375 had done to her brother and tied him up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00536-00131376-00131519 like an ordinary
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00537-00131520-00131775 she became angry
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00538-00131776-00131919 at the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00539-00131920-00132278 so this mixture of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00540-00132279-00132535 anger and maternal affection later
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00541-00132536-00132687 manifested
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00542-00132688-00133007 in her taking birth in vrndavan as putin
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00543-00133008-00133159 a witch
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00544-00133160-00133414 she was formerly the sister
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00545-00133415-00133502 of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00546-00133503-00133711 bali maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00547-00133712-00134078 and now she appeared in krsna's leela as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00548-00134079-00134366 putin of which and we know the story how
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00549-00134367-00134511 she was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00550-00134512-00134814 liberated by the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00551-00134815-00134943 by
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00552-00134944-00135078 sucking out
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00553-00135079-00135414 the milk that she offered to krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00554-00135415-00135719 from her breast and at the same time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00555-00135720-00136071 she her life was awesome
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00556-00136072-00136302 destroyed at that time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00557-00136303-00136386 so now
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00558-00136387-00136527 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00559-00136528-00136751 the lord has insisted
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00560-00136752-00137214 where should i place my
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00561-00137215-00137487 third step
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00562-00137488-00137663 during that time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00563-00137664-00137831 during this time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00564-00137832-00138102 prahlad maharaj appears in the assembly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00565-00138103-00138247 hall
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00566-00138248-00138390 and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00567-00138391-00138678 bali maharaja he sees his grandfather
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00568-00138679-00138990 the great prahlada maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00569-00138991-00139207 and simply by the presence of prahlada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00570-00139208-00139607 maharaja bali understood what to do
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00571-00139608-00139895 and he said my dear lord please place
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00572-00139896-00140119 your third step
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00573-00140120-00140278 upon my head
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00574-00140279-00140719 i surrender my life to you completely
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00575-00140720-00140990 the lord was pleased with that and then
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00576-00140991-00141143 he placed his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00577-00141144-00141414 third step on the head of bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00578-00141415-00141631 and of course we understand bali later
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00579-00141632-00141870 became the great the great maha john
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00580-00141871-00142014 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00581-00142015-00142271 the maha johns are great personalities
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00582-00142272-00142671 that teach eternal religious principles
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00583-00142672-00142919 and bali maharaja is one of them
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00584-00142920-00143126 and he represents one of the nine
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00585-00143127-00143343 hungers of bhakti
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00586-00143344-00143678 and that is that he he teaches the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00587-00143679-00143935 process of complete surrender
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00588-00143936-00144166 it's called utman evaded him
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00589-00144167-00144414 giving up everything
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00590-00144415-00144751 for the service of the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00591-00144752-00145023 the lord was pleased by bali's surrender
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00592-00145024-00145166 and the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00593-00145167-00145495 granted bali a position
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00594-00145496-00145854 in the lower heavenly planets there's a
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00595-00145855-00146111 series of planets in the lower realm
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00596-00146112-00146214 that are
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00597-00146215-00146583 as opulent as the heavenly planets
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00598-00146584-00146847 so he gave one place on a place called
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00599-00146848-00146923 sutala
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00600-00146924-00147054 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00601-00147055-00147287 and where bali would be the king of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00602-00147288-00147607 sutallah and vamanadeva in his form as a
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00603-00147608-00147726 dwarf
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00604-00147727-00147895 would appear there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00605-00147896-00147999 to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00606-00148000-00148407 serve bali by becoming his doorman
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00607-00148408-00148831 the lord agreed to take the position
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00608-00148832-00149071 of the humble
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00609-00149072-00149383 doorman who would serve bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00610-00149384-00149566 in sutala
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00611-00149567-00149902 so the lord was very pleased by bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00612-00149903-00150135 and then of course the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00613-00150136-00150431 demigods regain their positions
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00614-00150432-00150559 in the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00615-00150560-00150831 heavenly realm
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00616-00150832-00151159 so sometimes it takes the supreme
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00617-00151160-00151407 personality of godhead to rectify the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00618-00151408-00151823 anomalies
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00619-00151824-00152175 the lord incarnates in every age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00620-00152176-00152319 to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00621-00152320-00152590 give people an opportunity to purify
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00622-00152591-00152711 their hearts
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00623-00152712-00152926 through the process of devotional
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00624-00152927-00153063 service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00625-00153064-00153366 so sometimes people say well what is the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00626-00153367-00153607 incarnation in this particular age we
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00627-00153608-00153854 don't specifically see that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00628-00153855-00154078 we see sri chaitanya mahaprabhu of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00629-00154079-00154407 course but then again what is that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00630-00154408-00154590 manifestation
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00631-00154591-00154854 that can purify the entire world and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00632-00154855-00155207 that is krishna has incarnated in the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00633-00155208-00155439 sound of his name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00634-00155440-00156631 kalikale
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00635-00156632-00156878 which describes that in this age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00636-00156879-00157135 the lord has incarnated in the sound of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00637-00157136-00157287 his name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00638-00157288-00157559 and the absolute nature of the supreme
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00639-00157560-00157766 personality of god is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00640-00157767-00157919 is understood
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00641-00157920-00158199 in relationship to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00642-00158200-00158495 his incarnations so whether he appears
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00643-00158496-00158695 in sound or whether he appears in his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00644-00158696-00159007 personal form or in any other form
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00645-00159008-00159383 that incarnation is absolute
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00646-00159384-00159726 so prabhupad said in this age if we
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00647-00159727-00159935 if we regularly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00648-00159936-00160183 take shelter of krishna by chanting his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00649-00160184-00160351 holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00650-00160352-00160551 we are completely
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00651-00160552-00160735 and perfectly protected from the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00652-00160736-00160871 influence
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00653-00160872-00161119 of the age of kali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00654-00161120-00161239 and we see
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00655-00161240-00161471 in our present situation there are many
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00656-00161472-00161751 more there are more difficulties
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00657-00161752-00162014 coming on in different forms
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00658-00162015-00162326 oppressive governments pestilence
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00659-00162327-00162483 threats of war
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00660-00162484-00162743 economic decay
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00661-00162744-00162943 and possible collapse
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00662-00162944-00163271 so many problems are happening now more
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00663-00163272-00163414 so than
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00664-00163415-00163535 in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00665-00163536-00163775 previous years but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00666-00163776-00164054 the holy name is like that bright light
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00667-00164055-00164287 in the darkness of this age of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00668-00164288-00164431 difficulty
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00669-00164432-00164663 so devotees
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00670-00164664-00164831 seriously
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00671-00164832-00165014 and regularly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00672-00165015-00165207 absorb themselves in chanting of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00673-00165208-00165438 hare krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00674-00165439-00165702 they can receive the full protection and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00675-00165703-00165895 full mercy of the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00676-00165896-00166095 through his holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00677-00166096-00166487 kali kalei nama rupa krishna avatar
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00678-00166488-00167568 the khalo doshi di rajan
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00679-00167569-00167711 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00680-00167712-00167943 is just like swimming with so many
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00681-00167944-00168071 faults
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00682-00168072-00168287 there are faults everywhere that is the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00683-00168288-00168463 nature of this age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00684-00168464-00168759 but the lord has so merciful manifested
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00685-00168760-00169071 himself in his holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00686-00169072-00169287 in this particular age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00687-00169288-00169551 and that incarnation is very very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00688-00169552-00169783 available
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00689-00169784-00170071 where in previous forms of the lord's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00690-00170072-00170295 appearance when he comes in his personal
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00691-00170296-00170623 form as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00692-00170624-00171007 as krishna or any manifestation of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00693-00171008-00171254 absolute truth
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00694-00171255-00171543 it's not so as merciful as the holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00695-00171544-00171751 because the holy name can be
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00696-00171752-00171943 chanted anywhere
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00697-00171944-00172078 at any time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00698-00172079-00172343 and one can receive the full mercy and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00699-00172344-00172543 protection of the supreme personality of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00700-00172544-00172743 godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00701-00172744-00173007 so we are very fortunate
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00702-00173008-00173119 to have
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00703-00173120-00173399 caitanya mahaprabhu's mercy comes in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00704-00173400-00175095 such a very direct and powerful way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00705-00175096-00175351 the medicine who's come in this age with
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00706-00175352-00175495 the medicine
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00707-00175496-00175807 to counteract the ill effects of the age
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00708-00175808-00176007 of kalti and what is that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00709-00176008-00176335 chanting the hare krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00710-00176336-00177236 krishna krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00711-00177237-00177535 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00712-00177536-00177823 and i'll speak a little bit also about
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00713-00177824-00177959 srila jiva
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00714-00177960-00178478 which is his appearance day also today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00715-00178479-00178743 it always falls on the same day as sram
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00716-00178744-00178983 and the dave's appearance
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00717-00178984-00179278 um sheila jivagoswami sheila probably
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00718-00179279-00179543 said was the most prolific
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00719-00179544-00179863 writer of godia vaishnav literature he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00720-00179864-00180071 composed over four hundred thousand
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00721-00180072-00180207 verses
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00722-00180208-00180551 his most famous work are the sundarivers
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00723-00180552-00180774 tatwa sindhara
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00724-00180775-00181793 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00725-00181794-00182023 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00726-00182024-00182159 these are
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00727-00182160-00182431 elaborate philosophical
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00728-00182432-00182678 explanations of the entire science of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00729-00182679-00182935 pure devotional service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00730-00182936-00183199 given in a very very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00731-00183200-00183990 detailed way by shiloh goswami and these
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00732-00183991-00184295 also wrote one very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00733-00184296-00184454 sweet
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00734-00184455-00184623 and very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00735-00184624-00184814 powerful
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00736-00184815-00185063 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00737-00185064-00185151 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00738-00185152-00185399 explanation of krsna's pastimes in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00739-00185400-00185543 srivandam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00740-00185544-00185695 when christian appeared on earth from
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00741-00185696-00185919 the time he was born to the time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00742-00185920-00186159 he departed back to the spiritual world
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00743-00186160-00186438 which is known as gopal champu
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00744-00186439-00186711 very poetic expression of krsna's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00745-00186712-00186959 leela's done nicely
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00746-00186960-00187135 by
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00747-00187136-00187390 two personalities who
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00748-00187391-00187631 who appear in the leelah to glorify the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00749-00187632-00187823 lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00750-00187824-00188102 by explaining the lord's glories
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00751-00188103-00188759 to the residents of vrndavan in a very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00752-00188760-00189023 august assembly we might say
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00753-00189024-00189247 that assembly of great personalities
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00754-00189248-00189495 including the lord himself
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00755-00189496-00189623 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00756-00189624-00189902 snig decanter and one other person i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00757-00189903-00190087 can't remember his name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00758-00190088-00190295 two personalities
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00759-00190296-00190447 who appeared
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00760-00190448-00190678 to glorify the lord so jiva goswami's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00761-00190679-00190887 work and gopal champu is a real
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00762-00190888-00191047 masterpiece
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00763-00191048-00191271 in spiritual knowledge about the lord's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00764-00191272-00191583 pastimes in srivandam and jima goswami
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00765-00191584-00191834 has written so many other books also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00766-00191835-00191975 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00767-00191976-00192175 and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00768-00192176-00192319 in fact he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00769-00192320-00192599 is the most prolific and most voluminous
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00770-00192600-00192775 of all the writers
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00771-00192776-00193111 of the ghost families of mondavi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00772-00193112-00193319 so today is his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00773-00193320-00193559 appearance today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00774-00193560-00193871 and he was the nephew of sanatana rupa
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00775-00193872-00193999 gosvami
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00776-00194000-00194223 who met caitanya mahaprabhu and lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00777-00194224-00194519 caitanya came to rama kelly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00778-00194520-00194831 to meet sanatan and rupa gosvami
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00779-00194832-00194966 was also there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00780-00194967-00195350 and at that time he was a young boy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00781-00195351-00195471 but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00782-00195472-00195614 seeing the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00783-00195615-00195943 at that time changed his whole life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00784-00195944-00196343 and he became
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00785-00196344-00196959 fully dedicated to devotional service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00786-00196960-00197214 so these are a few
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00787-00197215-00197631 bits of information about shiloh goswami
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00788-00197632-00197702 so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00789-00197703-00197887 we'll stop there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00790-00197888-00198175 and we'll uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00791-00198176-00198451 i'll turn it back over to you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00792-00198452-00198590 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00793-00198591-00199071 krishna chandra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00794-00199072-00199278 thank you so much maharaj um as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00795-00199279-00199614 requested if you can share some of your
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00796-00199615-00200014 time which
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00797-00200015-00200159 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00798-00200160-00200350 yeah there's not much
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00799-00200351-00200583 to talk about
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00800-00200584-00201223 i spent my early days in nuremberg
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00801-00201224-00201478 came in 1972
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00802-00201479-00201647 74
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00803-00201648-00201883 75
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00804-00201884-00202087 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00805-00202088-00202359 and even earlier 68 and 69
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00806-00202360-00202677 um i joined in 73.
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00807-00202678-00202823 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00808-00202824-00203038 so i saw prabhupada when he came to the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00809-00203039-00203478 community in 1974
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00810-00203479-00203807 for a meeting of all the leaders in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00811-00203808-00204278 north america at the time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00812-00204279-00204566 in november at that time
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00813-00204567-00204838 i was in i i was a cook
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00814-00204839-00205071 in the brahmacari ashram
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00815-00205071-00205294 and therefore didn't have much lead way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00816-00205296-00205527 to go to the lectures by shiloh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00817-00205528-00205734 prabhupada because
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00818-00205735-00205990 my service was to cook for the dealies
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00819-00205991-00206214 so it was mostly in the kitchen during
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00820-00206215-00206479 those times
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00821-00206480-00206775 so i did see prava a couple of times i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00822-00206776-00206927 remember
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00823-00206928-00207255 um being in one of his lectures
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00824-00207256-00207551 spoke
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00825-00207552-00207686 from the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00826-00207687-00207838 seventh canto
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00827-00207839-00208142 of srimad-bhagavatam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00828-00208144-00208486 the sixth chapter alpha spoke about
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00829-00208487-00208694 prahlada's instructions to his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00830-00208696-00208975 schoolmates which is one of the most
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00831-00208976-00209151 philosophical
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00832-00209152-00209503 chapters in the entire bhagavatam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00833-00209504-00210103 maharaja's instructions
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00834-00210104-00210294 personally i didn't have any personal
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00835-00210296-00210582 association with sheila prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00836-00210583-00210815 we did cook for him one time we made
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00837-00210816-00211127 some sweets
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00838-00211128-00211351 he liked it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00839-00211352-00211431 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00840-00211432-00211631 but i was always in the background
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00841-00211632-00211958 always involved with my service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00842-00211959-00212215 so unlike a lot of the devotees who had
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00843-00212216-00212503 personal association with prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00844-00212504-00212839 i was mostly always engaged in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00845-00212840-00213087 temple service during the time when
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00846-00213088-00213271 prabhupad was there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00847-00213271-00213487 although a few times
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00848-00213488-00213798 i would go to the lectures
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00849-00213800-00213982 and that was the best i could do at that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00850-00213983-00214110 time so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00851-00214111-00214319 i didn't have any personal service the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00852-00214319-00214623 personal association with sheila palpa
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00853-00214623-00214919 in the year 1975 when prabhupada went to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00854-00214919-00215039 new york
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00855-00215040-00215303 a group of us left nuvendavan and we
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00856-00215304-00215567 came to see prabhupada in new york
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00857-00215567-00215719 and that's when i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00858-00215719-00215910 was there in some of his classes and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00859-00215911-00216039 also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00860-00216040-00216334 we went to a morning walk
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00861-00216335-00216479 in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00862-00216480-00216530 in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00863-00216531-00217094 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00864-00217096-00217279 the biggest park in new york i can't
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00865-00217280-00217846 even remember the name now
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00866-00217848-00218279 it's the biggest part
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00867-00218280-00218463 yeah central park
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00868-00218464-00218663 so i got a chance to go on the morning
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00869-00218664-00218919 walk with sheila prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00870-00218919-00219223 and i remember one thing he did say
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00871-00219223-00219398 he was walking along
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00872-00219400-00219591 and of course in that park
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00873-00219592-00219806 the park is so big that has roadways
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00874-00219807-00220094 going through the park so alongside of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00875-00220096-00220423 the walking areas there were some
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00876-00220423-00220694 cars driving this way and that way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00877-00220696-00220998 so at one point prabhupad became very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00878-00221000-00221167 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00879-00221167-00221446 i think concerned he stopped
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00880-00221448-00221703 he planted his cane on the ground turned
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00881-00221704-00221958 to some of the devotees who were with us
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00882-00221959-00222103 with him
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00883-00222104-00222206 and he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00884-00222207-00222479 he asked us a question
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00885-00222480-00222767 he said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00886-00222767-00223255 the the man he he runs on four wheels
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00887-00223256-00223694 and the dog runs on four legs
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00888-00223696-00224039 so what is the difference
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00889-00224040-00224303 and none of us
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00890-00224304-00224423 either out of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00891-00224423-00224623 humility or
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00892-00224623-00224782 ignorance either one
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00893-00224783-00225239 we didn't respond to shiloh brahma's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00894-00225240-00225358 question
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00895-00225359-00225527 what is the difference between the man
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00896-00225528-00225710 running on four wheels and the dog
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00897-00225711-00225919 running in four legs
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00898-00225919-00226127 and then probably responded
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00899-00226128-00226287 there's no difference
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00900-00226288-00226606 the business is the same
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00901-00226607-00226779 the man is running after sense
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00902-00226780-00227031 gratification the dog is running at in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00903-00227032-00227191 the same way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00904-00227192-00227398 the business is the same there's no
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00905-00227400-00227655 difference probably kind of help us to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00906-00227656-00227775 understand
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00907-00227776-00228031 that the sophistication that goes on in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00908-00228032-00228206 modern society
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00909-00228207-00228479 is just some royal edition of animal
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00910-00228480-00228582 life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00911-00228583-00228758 it has no
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00912-00228759-00229079 uh nothing glorious about it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00913-00229080-00229367 although people see it in that way
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00914-00229367-00229582 brahman wanted to teach us that sense
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00915-00229583-00229767 gratification
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00916-00229767-00230006 in any way in any form no matter how
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00917-00230007-00230167 nice it may look
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00918-00230167-00230463 is what it is sense gratification
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00919-00230464-00230671 and it leads one away
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00920-00230671-00231071 from the goal of life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00921-00231071-00231367 so i remember that pretty clearly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00922-00231367-00231503 and that's the only one thing i can
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00923-00231504-00231767 remember from that morning walk
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00924-00231767-00231887 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00925-00231888-00232191 i wasn't one of the leading devotees
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00926-00232192-00232455 i was always in the background so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00927-00232456-00232646 in this morning walk
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00928-00232648-00232815 that's where i was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00929-00232816-00233063 towards the back of the line with all
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00930-00233064-00233160 the devotees there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00931-00233161-00233351 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00932-00233352-00233646 but uh i remember provide gave many nice
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00933-00233648-00233879 lectures in new york
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00934-00233880-00234110 it was one lecture which he gave in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00935-00234111-00234271 davin
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00936-00234271-00234423 and then after
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00937-00234423-00234727 the leg no actually prabha just spoke it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00938-00234728-00234958 was a lecture it wasn't a formal class
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00939-00234959-00235119 or anything
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00940-00235119-00235598 and then right after that guru puja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00941-00235600-00235694 was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00942-00235696-00235927 offered to sheila prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00943-00235928-00236223 so one of our devotees from newman david
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00944-00236223-00236415 led the guru puja the prophet had his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00945-00236416-00236655 entourage of his fa
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00946-00236656-00237055 his devotees with him also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00947-00237056-00237310 so when our devotee had finished the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00948-00237311-00237510 guru puja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00949-00237511-00237631 song
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00950-00237632-00237806 guru bandanam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00951-00237807-00237967 he stopped right at the end of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00952-00237967-00238255 prayer and ended the kirtan there
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00953-00238256-00238503 prabhupad immediately looked
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00954-00238504-00238679 towards one of his
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00955-00238680-00238879 one of his sannyasis i believe was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00956-00238880-00239079 pushed to krishna maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00957-00239080-00239351 and signaled chant
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00958-00239352-00239542 so he picked up the madunga and then he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00959-00239544-00239710 started the chantahari krishna maha
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00960-00239711-00239934 mantra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00961-00239935-00240239 some of us including myself was a little
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00962-00240240-00240630 curious why prabhupada did that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00963-00240631-00240710 when
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00964-00240711-00241006 the guru puja's song had completed
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00965-00241007-00241351 and then we later learned that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00966-00241352-00241471 the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00967-00241471-00241655 the maya bodies
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00968-00241656-00241823 they worship
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00969-00241823-00242071 the guru
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00970-00242071-00242287 and the sahajiyas
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00971-00242288-00242487 those who take things cheaply they
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00972-00242488-00242734 worship simply the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00973-00242735-00242975 but we as vaisnavas
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00974-00242976-00243158 in our worship we always worship the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00975-00243159-00243423 lord along with his the pure devotee
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00976-00243423-00243734 or the pure devotee along with the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00977-00243735-00243975 we don't separate the two
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00978-00243976-00244215 and so prabhupad wanted to illustrate
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00979-00244216-00244455 that by teaching us that when we sing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00980-00244456-00244586 the guru puja's song
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00981-00244587-00244719 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00982-00244719-00244982 we should also include the glorification
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00983-00244983-00245342 of the supreme personality of godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00984-00245344-00245703 in this case the hare krishna mantra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00985-00245704-00246039 so i remember that particular incident
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00986-00246040-00246519 quite clearly
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00987-00246519-00246806 okay these are some of the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00988-00246807-00246934 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00989-00246935-00247167 bits and pieces of my association with
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00990-00247167-00247334 srila prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00991-00247335-00248127 during his visit in new vendors
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00992-00248128-00248430 thank you so much maharaj um so we'll
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00993-00248431-00248679 do our question and answers so for
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00994-00248680-00248839 devotees is there any question that you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00995-00248840-00249071 would like to ask you're most welcome
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00996-00249071-00251455 please admit yourself and then ask
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00997-00251456-00251558 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00998-00251559-00251839 what was that verse that you had quoted
X3Tkc8fuUhu-00999-00251840-00253142 from bhakti vinod thakur
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01000-00253144-00253279 when you were talking about the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01001-00253280-00253719 glorification of the holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01002-00253719-00254023 towards the end of your class um talking
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01003-00254023-00254151 about
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01004-00254152-00254334 bali maharaja
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01005-00254335-00254615 yeah there's um i quoted two different
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01006-00254616-00254887 verses one is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01007-00254888-00256119 kalikale
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01008-00256119-00256415 it explains that the lord appears in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01009-00256416-00256598 this age of kali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01010-00256600-00256958 in the form of his holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01011-00256959-00257158 and then i quoted another verse from the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01012-00257159-00257351 srimad-bhagavatam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01013-00257352-00257606 khaleer dosha needy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01014-00257607-00258423 rajan as
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01015-00258423-00258591 and that's in the 12th canto
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01016-00258592-00258871 srimad-bhagavatam
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01017-00258871-00259134 i believe third chapter
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01018-00259135-00259598 um describing that this age of kali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01019-00259600-00259742 is an ocean
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01020-00259744-00259991 it's described as a deep ocean of so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01021-00259992-00260151 many faults
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01022-00260152-00260287 but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01023-00260288-00260463 the one blessing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01024-00260464-00260782 one boon one great blessing is the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01025-00260783-00261767 chanting of the hare krishna muhammad
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01026-00261767-00262503 these are the two verses we quoted
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01027-00262504-00262743 thank you maharaj thank you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01028-00262744-00263071 thank you sudharma devi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01029-00263072-00263182 yeah
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01030-00263183-00263423 i was thinking when you glor when you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01031-00263424-00263615 talked about you glorified bhaktivinoda
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01032-00263616-00264295 takur and he said asari something
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01033-00264296-00264599 did i speak about him today
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01034-00264600-00264871 uh i think so i missed a little bit of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01035-00264872-00265087 that um anyway
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01036-00265088-00265191 i can
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01037-00265192-00265439 listen to that tape yeah
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01038-00265440-00265815 okay i the word us sarah i was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01039-00265816-00266023 talking about
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01040-00266024-00266455 i was talking about sucracharya
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01041-00266456-00266663 yeah
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01042-00266664-00267006 was the spiritual master of the word
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01043-00267007-00267269 asara means useless
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01044-00267270-00267391 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01045-00267392-00267710 that's the translation that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01046-00267711-00267958 sukuchari although he was a guru had
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01047-00267959-00268247 become useless because he had
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01048-00268248-00268479 went against the will of the supreme
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01049-00268480-00268734 lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01050-00268735-00269006 yes and he very nicely explained that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01051-00269007-00269191 the presence of the lord himself was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01052-00269192-00269503 there so as we know that uh not
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01053-00269504-00269639 listening to the spiritual masters
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01054-00269640-00269863 instructions is an offense but because
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01055-00269864-00270127 krishna was there in person so that was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01056-00270128-00270415 not taken to be an offense is that right
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01057-00270416-00270743 correct yeah in that case it was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01058-00270744-00271063 the lord's instructions were superior
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01059-00271064-00271639 to the guru's instructions
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01060-00271640-00271943 thank you very much maharaja krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01061-00271944-00272463 thank you hari krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01062-00272464-00272687 hari krishna maharaja please accept my
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01063-00272688-00272887 humble obeisances all glorious to srila
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01064-00272888-00273006 prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01065-00273007-00273303 i just want to thank you paul paul um i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01066-00273304-00273534 really enjoyed your talk and you're so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01067-00273535-00273847 humble and it's lovely to see you on the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01068-00273848-00274119 sim call that's all i want to say
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01069-00274120-00274295 i'm harriet
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01070-00274296-00274423 thank you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01071-00274424-00275055 my obeisances to you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01072-00275056-00275230 i think non-rashford has a question and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01073-00275231-00275375 i'm not sure what your volume is and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01074-00275376-00275582 your voice is not coming up so let me
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01075-00275583-00275734 speak up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01076-00275735-00277215 okay
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01077-00277216-00277327 because
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01078-00277328-00277687 he in the representing the supreme god
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01079-00277688-00277863 so in case where
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01080-00277864-00278063 some devotees change
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01081-00278064-00278263 their gurus
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01082-00278264-00278679 what is their position
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01083-00278680-00279023 um i i couldn't hear everything you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01084-00279024-00279158 spoke
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01085-00279159-00279382 could did someone else can someone else
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01086-00279383-00279687 repeat what um nanda rogers said
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01087-00279688-00279991 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01088-00279992-00280239 should i come again my great story
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01089-00280240-00280503 uh well you mentioned that the buddhist
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01090-00280504-00280751 position is absolute
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01091-00280752-00281047 and stupid area did not follow
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01092-00281048-00281279 the lost construction
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01093-00281280-00281423 so he became
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01094-00281424-00282430 useless
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01095-00282431-00282719 if the guru is in good standing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01096-00282720-00283030 and a person gives up their guru who is
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01097-00283031-00283358 in good standing that is a very serious
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01098-00283359-00283558 offense
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01099-00283559-00283839 very serious offense i was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01100-00283840-00284230 i also witnessed that one time in
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01101-00284231-00284630 many many years ago in our movement
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01102-00284631-00284806 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01103-00284807-00285095 so yeah one as long as the spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01104-00285096-00285303 master is in good standing
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01105-00285304-00285527 one cannot give up their spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01106-00285528-00285630 master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01107-00285631-00285854 for whatever reason
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01108-00285855-00286127 it's like giving up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01109-00286128-00286399 their relationship with the supreme lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01110-00286400-00286647 because they accept the spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01111-00286648-00286982 at the time of initiation
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01112-00286983-00287079 now
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01113-00287080-00287254 one may
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01114-00287255-00287534 request their spiritual master that i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01115-00287535-00287775 want to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01116-00287776-00288071 i want to take another spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01117-00288072-00288303 as a shikshi guru
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01118-00288304-00288423 and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01119-00288424-00288806 that can be that can also be done but it
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01120-00288807-00289047 must be approved by one's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01121-00289048-00289271 spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01122-00289272-00289527 so shiksha and diksha
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01123-00289528-00289710 you could have one dikshite guru and you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01124-00289711-00289823 can have
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01125-00289824-00290071 many shiksha guru shiksha means one who
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01126-00290072-00290423 gives relevant instructions
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01127-00290424-00290534 so that's
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01128-00290535-00290758 that's within the realm or that's within
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01129-00290759-00291039 the protocol of our society
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01130-00291040-00291279 one can do that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01131-00291280-00291439 with the permission of the spiritual
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01132-00291440-00291630 master but one cannot simply give up
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01133-00291631-00291815 their spiritual master
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01134-00291816-00292663 that's a great offense
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01135-00292664-00292910 yeah
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01136-00292911-00293175 thank you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01137-00293176-00293334 thank you very much this is one more
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01138-00293335-00293575 question coming up from the facebook um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01139-00293576-00293839 because you are on also online there so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01140-00293840-00294079 this question is from
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01141-00294080-00294247 sumo sumukhi mataji
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01142-00294248-00294447 so she is saying maharaj although you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01143-00294448-00294727 have said you didn't have much
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01144-00294728-00294967 association with shrapad
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01145-00294968-00295247 you have maintained such a high standard
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01146-00295248-00295367 of service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01147-00295368-00295687 can you please share what has kept you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01148-00295688-00295847 so enthused
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01149-00295848-00296151 and inspirational to many
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01150-00296152-00296463 for so long
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01151-00296464-00296681 that's an easy question
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01152-00296682-00296815 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01153-00296816-00297303 it's called the hare krishna maha mantra
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01154-00297304-00297382 i
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01155-00297383-00297671 i uh i have
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01156-00297672-00297903 sheila prabhupada when he came over on
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01157-00297904-00298054 the chalitude
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01158-00298055-00298235 he wrote that famous poem
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01159-00298236-00298623 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01160-00298624-00298863 and in that poem he
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01161-00298864-00299095 glorifies the lord he glorifies the
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01162-00299096-00299382 process of pure devotional service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01163-00299383-00299639 and he also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01164-00299640-00299943 very humbly ends the poem
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01165-00299944-00300223 talking about how unqualified he is to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01166-00300224-00300382 do this work
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01167-00300383-00300623 that he's been asked to do
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01168-00300624-00300943 and in the very end of the poem he says
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01169-00300944-00301271 i don't have any knowledge
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01170-00301272-00301551 and i don't have any
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01171-00301552-00301679 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01172-00301680-00301910 i'm without knowledge and i have very
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01173-00301911-00302095 little
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01174-00302096-00302263 something else
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01175-00302264-00302430 i can't remember
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01176-00302431-00302663 he said but he ends he said i have
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01177-00302664-00302775 full
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01178-00302776-00302951 faith
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01179-00302952-00303319 in the chanting of the hare krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01180-00303320-00303534 so prabhupada was able to convey that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01181-00303535-00303654 mood
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01182-00303655-00303863 of the importance of chanting hare
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01183-00303864-00304071 krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01184-00304072-00304463 so if we make that our number one
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01185-00304464-00304695 priority in the practice of krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01186-00304696-00304887 consciousness
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01187-00304888-00305023 then
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01188-00305024-00305334 we get a lot of mercy
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01189-00305335-00305591 whether it's difficult
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01190-00305592-00305863 or whether it's easy it really doesn't
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01191-00305864-00306095 matter
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01192-00306096-00306334 thinking of the hari krishna is so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01193-00306335-00306503 powerful
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01194-00306504-00306782 it will keep one connected to krishna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01195-00306783-00307110 and fixed in devotional service
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01196-00307111-00307199 so
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01197-00307200-00307423 when people ask me this question which
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01198-00307424-00307623 has happened many times
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01199-00307624-00307879 i give the same answer it's the mercy of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01200-00307880-00308039 the holy name
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01201-00308040-00308215 and of course the mercy of sheila
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01202-00308216-00308391 prabhupada
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01203-00308392-00308730 coming through his instructions
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01204-00308731-00309351 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01205-00309352-00309495 thank you maharaj
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01206-00309496-00309679 is any other devotees who would like to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01207-00309680-00309854 ask a question to mirage you're most
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01208-00309855-00310815 welcome
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01209-00310816-00311191 one question for from variasi
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01210-00311192-00311519 i heard that putana in her previous life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01211-00311520-00311815 was daughter
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01212-00311816-00311970 of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01213-00311971-00312415 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01214-00312416-00312599 bali
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01215-00312600-00312815 um
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01216-00312816-00313054 i think it was sister
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01217-00313055-00313158 but
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01218-00313159-00313334 you may be right it might be daughter
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01219-00313335-00313510 but i i was
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01220-00313511-00313703 i was remembering that
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01221-00313704-00313919 it was his sister
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01222-00313920-00314230 and not his daughter but anyway
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01223-00314231-00314479 it doesn't matter one of the two
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01224-00314480-00314656 is either daughter or sister
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01225-00314657-00315030 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01226-00315031-00315239 as the complete question is then why
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01227-00315240-00315710 was she trying to kill krishna as putna
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01228-00315711-00315989 she carried that anger
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01229-00315990-00316119 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01230-00316120-00316310 towards the supreme personality of
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01231-00316311-00316439 godhead
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01232-00316440-00316687 in her next life
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01233-00316688-00317703 or in her life as putin a witch
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01234-00317704-00317934 she carried that mood of anger towards
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01235-00317935-00318999 the lord
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01236-00319000-00319254 that's the answer
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01237-00319255-00319615 thank you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01238-00319616-00320599 maybe last question
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01239-00320600-00320871 so i guess no so we'll request a space
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01240-00320872-00321030 another rush rule to
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01241-00321031-00321230 say a lot of things and we can
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01242-00321231-00321879 end the class
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01243-00321880-00322536 uh
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01244-00322537-00323406 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01245-00323407-00323787 very nice wonderful
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01246-00323788-00324358 [Music]
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01247-00324359-00324479 thank you
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01248-00324480-00324695 thank you for your kind words
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01249-00324696-00326206 all glorious to sheila proud but all
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01250-00326207-00326479 for accepting our humble request
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01251-00326480-00326591 and we
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01252-00326592-00326751 pray that in future you're gonna also
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01253-00326752-00327006 join us again and share your wisdom and
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01254-00327007-00327158 enlighten us
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01255-00327159-00327334 so once again thank you so much maharaj
X3Tkc8fuUhu-01256-00327335-00327748 and all growers to visualize
X4CK7HlnkIo-00000-00000029-00000334 foreign
X4CK7HlnkIo-00001-00000335-00003000 [Music]
X4CK7HlnkIo-00002-00003001-00003370 a sanctuary or one's own Courtyard shall
X4CK7HlnkIo-00003-00003371-00003556 be selected for the performance of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00004-00003557-00003838 sacrifice it shall be on a raised
X4CK7HlnkIo-00005-00003839-00004169 platform at least two hostas High
X4CK7HlnkIo-00006-00004170-00004438 it shall be well decorated
X4CK7HlnkIo-00007-00004439-00004720 Paddy weighing a borrow shall be spread
X4CK7HlnkIo-00008-00004721-00004981 on the ground to make a large Circle
X4CK7HlnkIo-00009-00004982-00005267 diagrams of lotuses shall be made in the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00010-00005268-00005501 middle and in the eight quarters on the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00011-00005502-00005693 border of the circle
X4CK7HlnkIo-00012-00005694-00005986 a big pot round which a thread is tied
X4CK7HlnkIo-00013-00005987-00006238 shall be placed in the middle and date
X4CK7HlnkIo-00014-00006239-00006460 other similar pots shall be placed in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00015-00006461-00006617 the eight quarters
X4CK7HlnkIo-00016-00006618-00006863 all of them shall be fumigated with
X4CK7HlnkIo-00017-00006864-00007006 googalu
X4CK7HlnkIo-00018-00007008-00007264 in the eight pots Bunches of mango
X4CK7HlnkIo-00019-00007265-00007534 leaves shall be placed with darba grass
X4CK7HlnkIo-00020-00007536-00007775 they shall be filled with water purified
X4CK7HlnkIo-00021-00007776-00008128 by mantras and five kinds of articles
X4CK7HlnkIo-00022-00008129-00008387 precious gems shall be put in the nine
X4CK7HlnkIo-00023-00008388-00008633 vessels one in each
X4CK7HlnkIo-00024-00008634-00008873 the sensible devotees shall ask his
X4CK7HlnkIo-00025-00008874-00009214 preceptor to preside as a priest
X4CK7HlnkIo-00026-00009215-00009395 the presiding priests shall be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00027-00009396-00009581 accompanied by his wife
X4CK7HlnkIo-00028-00009582-00009917 he shall be well versed in the rituals
X4CK7HlnkIo-00029-00009918-00010163 gold Idols of the Guardians of the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00030-00010164-00010391 quarters and Vishnu shall be put in the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00031-00010392-00010542 different vessels
X4CK7HlnkIo-00032-00010543-00010871 Vishnu shall be invoked and worshiped in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00033-00010872-00011267 the central vessel
X4CK7HlnkIo-00034-00011268-00011483 the respective Guardians of the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00035-00011484-00011674 different quarters shall be worshiped in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00036-00011675-00011963 the vessel's concerned using the date of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00037-00011964-00012178 case after the name and ending with
X4CK7HlnkIo-00038-00012179-00012328 namaha
X4CK7HlnkIo-00039-00012329-00012599 the invocation shall be performed by the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00040-00012600-00012767 presiding priest
X4CK7HlnkIo-00041-00012768-00013013 he shall repeat the mantras a hundred
X4CK7HlnkIo-00042-00013013-00013277 times along with the rhythmics
X4CK7HlnkIo-00043-00013278-00013565 at the end of the japas Homa shall be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00044-00013566-00013835 performed to the west of the vessel
X4CK7HlnkIo-00045-00013836-00014086 according to the time place and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00046-00014087-00014308 convenience the offerings in the fire
X4CK7HlnkIo-00047-00014309-00014627 may be a crore a hundred thousand a
X4CK7HlnkIo-00048-00014628-00014897 thousand or 108 in number
X4CK7HlnkIo-00049-00014897-00015149 it shall be performed for a single day
X4CK7HlnkIo-00050-00015150-00015503 for nine days or for forty days
X4CK7HlnkIo-00051-00015504-00015779 the sacrificial Twigs shall be of the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00052-00015780-00016013 shami tree if the right is intended for
X4CK7HlnkIo-00053-00016013-00016427 Shanti suppression of evil effects or of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00054-00016428-00016661 palasha tree if the right is intended
X4CK7HlnkIo-00055-00016662-00016915 for the acquisition of livelihood
X4CK7HlnkIo-00056-00016916-00017225 cooked rice and ghee shall also be used
X4CK7HlnkIo-00057-00017226-00017494 the offerings shall be made by repeating
X4CK7HlnkIo-00058-00017495-00017836 the names of the deities or mantras the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00059-00017837-00018011 articles of worship used in the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00060-00018012-00018203 beginning shall be continued till the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00061-00018204-00018286 end
X4CK7HlnkIo-00062-00018287-00018641 at the conclusion the punya habachana
X4CK7HlnkIo-00063-00018642-00018875 shall be performed and the holy water
X4CK7HlnkIo-00064-00018876-00019091 sprinkled over different members of the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00065-00019092-00019205 family
X4CK7HlnkIo-00066-00019206-00019463 as many brahmanas as the number of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00067-00019464-00019744 offerings made shall be fed o scholarly
X4CK7HlnkIo-00068-00019745-00020105 sages the preceptor and presiding priest
X4CK7HlnkIo-00069-00020106-00020717 shall partake of sacrificial food alone
X4CK7HlnkIo-00070-00020718-00020969 the entire right shall conclude after
X4CK7HlnkIo-00071-00020970-00021329 the worship of nine planets a gem along
X4CK7HlnkIo-00072-00021330-00021563 with monetary gifts shall be given to
X4CK7HlnkIo-00073-00021564-00021730 each of the rhythmics
X4CK7HlnkIo-00074-00021731-00021977 different types of gifts shall be made
X4CK7HlnkIo-00075-00021978-00022277 to deserving persons to boys invested
X4CK7HlnkIo-00076-00022278-00022553 with sacred threads to householders
X4CK7HlnkIo-00077-00022554-00022955 sages virgins ladies and widows
X4CK7HlnkIo-00078-00022956-00023183 the materials used for the right shall
X4CK7HlnkIo-00079-00023184-00023380 be given to the priest
X4CK7HlnkIo-00080-00023381-00023644 Yama is the presiding deity of all
X4CK7HlnkIo-00081-00023645-00023980 calamities grave diseases Etc
X4CK7HlnkIo-00082-00023981-00024358 hence to gratify Yama kaladonna shall be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00083-00024359-00024449 made
X4CK7HlnkIo-00084-00024450-00024791 a replica of Kala god of death in the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00085-00024792-00025030 form of a man holding noose and goat
X4CK7HlnkIo-00086-00025031-00025367 shall be made in Gold using a hundred or
X4CK7HlnkIo-00087-00025368-00025684 ten nishkas gold coins
X4CK7HlnkIo-00088-00025685-00025943 this shall be given as gift along with
X4CK7HlnkIo-00089-00025944-00026140 the sacrificial fee
X4CK7HlnkIo-00090-00026141-00026393 Sesame sheets shall be gifted for the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00091-00026394-00026602 sake of longevity
X4CK7HlnkIo-00092-00026604-00026879 ghee or a mirror shall be gifted for the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00093-00026880-00027089 sake of quelling ailments
X4CK7HlnkIo-00094-00027089-00027377 rich men shall feed a thousand brahmanas
X4CK7HlnkIo-00095-00027377-00027749 the poor shall feed a hundred brahmanas
X4CK7HlnkIo-00096-00027750-00028018 Indigent persons shall perform rights
X4CK7HlnkIo-00097-00028019-00028252 according to their capacity
X4CK7HlnkIo-00098-00028254-00028552 for the quiescence of evil spirits the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00099-00028554-00028768 great Adoration of bhairav shall be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00100-00028769-00028883 performed
X4CK7HlnkIo-00101-00028883-00029195 at the conclusion mahabhishek and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00102-00029195-00029452 naiveja shall be offered to Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00103-00029454-00029717 then a public feeding of the brahmanas
X4CK7HlnkIo-00104-00029718-00030089 shall be held
X4CK7HlnkIo-00105-00030089-00030346 by performing sacrifice in this way
X4CK7HlnkIo-00106-00030347-00030562 there will be an alleviation of all
X4CK7HlnkIo-00107-00030563-00030773 defects and evils
X4CK7HlnkIo-00108-00030774-00031037 this Shanti yagna shall be performed
X4CK7HlnkIo-00109-00031038-00031373 every year in the month of haluna in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00110-00031374-00031667 regard to evil dreams and Ill Omens this
X4CK7HlnkIo-00111-00031668-00031877 shall be performed instantly or
X4CK7HlnkIo-00112-00031877-00032087 definitely within a month
X4CK7HlnkIo-00113-00032088-00032435 when one is defiled by a great sin the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00114-00032436-00032711 worship of bhairav shall be performed
X4CK7HlnkIo-00115-00032712-00033035 in regard to Great diseases like leprosy
X4CK7HlnkIo-00116-00033036-00033352 Etc The Vow shall first be taken and the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00117-00033353-00033623 sacrifice performed later on
X4CK7HlnkIo-00118-00033624-00033899 Indigent persons wanting in all these
X4CK7HlnkIo-00119-00033900-00034157 things shall make a gift of a lamp to
X4CK7HlnkIo-00120-00034158-00034289 the deity
X4CK7HlnkIo-00121-00034290-00034612 if incapable of even that he shall take
X4CK7HlnkIo-00122-00034613-00034835 bath and make any gift
X4CK7HlnkIo-00123-00034836-00035074 or he shall make obeisance to the sun
X4CK7HlnkIo-00124-00035075-00035446 god 108 times repeating the mantras
X4CK7HlnkIo-00125-00035447-00035752 a devotee shall perform prostrations and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00126-00035753-00036052 obeisance a thousand ten thousand
X4CK7HlnkIo-00127-00036053-00036407 hundred thousand or a crore in number
X4CK7HlnkIo-00128-00036408-00036659 all the deities are delighted by the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00129-00036660-00036940 obeisance sacrifice in this way
X4CK7HlnkIo-00130-00036941-00037168 the obeisance is performed with the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00131-00037169-00037265 prayer
X4CK7HlnkIo-00132-00037266-00037661 oh Lord Thou Art great and I am humble
X4CK7HlnkIo-00133-00037662-00037985 my intellect is dedicated to thee
X4CK7HlnkIo-00134-00037986-00038351 a void thing does not appeal to thee I
X4CK7HlnkIo-00135-00038352-00038723 am no longer void I am thy slave now
X4CK7HlnkIo-00136-00038724-00039011 whatever Vestige of egotism remained in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00137-00039012-00039601 me has been dispelled on seeing the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00138-00039602-00039959 namaskar offering of the Soul shall be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00139-00039960-00040207 performed according to ability
X4CK7HlnkIo-00140-00040208-00040487 sacrificial food and betel leaves shall
X4CK7HlnkIo-00141-00040488-00040685 be authored to Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00142-00040686-00041005 the devotee himself shall perform 108
X4CK7HlnkIo-00143-00041006-00041296 circumambulations of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00144-00041297-00041674 such circumambulations a thousand ten
X4CK7HlnkIo-00145-00041675-00041933 thousand hundred thousand or a crore in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00146-00041934-00042167 number he shall cause to be performed
X4CK7HlnkIo-00147-00042168-00042329 through others
X4CK7HlnkIo-00148-00042330-00042665 all sins perish instantaneously at the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00149-00042666-00042923 circumambulations of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00150-00042924-00043252 sickness is the root cause of misery and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00151-00043253-00043493 sin is the cause of sickness
X4CK7HlnkIo-00152-00043494-00043823 sins are said to be quelled by virtue
X4CK7HlnkIo-00153-00043824-00044099 a sacred Rite performed with Shiva in
X4CK7HlnkIo-00154-00044100-00044465 view is capable of removing all sins
X4CK7HlnkIo-00155-00044466-00044737 among the sacred Rites of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00156-00044738-00045040 circumambulation leads the rest
X4CK7HlnkIo-00157-00045041-00045358 pranava is in the form of japa and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00158-00045359-00045649 circumambulation is a physical right
X4CK7HlnkIo-00159-00045650-00045893 births and deaths constitute the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00160-00045894-00046079 illusory cycle
X4CK7HlnkIo-00161-00046080-00046408 the Bali Pitta of Shiva is symbolic of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00162-00046409-00046630 this Maya chakra
X4CK7HlnkIo-00163-00046631-00046901 starting from the pedestal the devotee
X4CK7HlnkIo-00164-00046902-00047140 shall make circumambulation halfway
X4CK7HlnkIo-00165-00047141-00047411 return to the pedestal and move
X4CK7HlnkIo-00166-00047412-00047633 anti-clockwise to the place where he
X4CK7HlnkIo-00167-00047634-00047921 stopped before returning to the pedestal
X4CK7HlnkIo-00168-00047922-00048143 makes the circle complete
X4CK7HlnkIo-00169-00048144-00048305 this is the procedure of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00170-00048306-00048521 circumambulation
X4CK7HlnkIo-00171-00048522-00048833 when the birth takes place the obeisance
X4CK7HlnkIo-00172-00048834-00049039 which is the dedication of the Soul
X4CK7HlnkIo-00173-00049040-00049279 prevents further birth
X4CK7HlnkIo-00174-00049280-00049540 births and deaths originate from the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00175-00049541-00049708 Maya of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00176-00049709-00050057 after such a dedication the devotee is
X4CK7HlnkIo-00177-00050058-00050411 not born again
X4CK7HlnkIo-00178-00050412-00050735 as long as the body exists the Jiva is
X4CK7HlnkIo-00179-00050736-00050986 dependent on activities and he is spoken
X4CK7HlnkIo-00180-00050987-00051202 of as being in bondage
X4CK7HlnkIo-00181-00051203-00051425 but when the three forms of the physical
X4CK7HlnkIo-00182-00051426-00051670 body are under control it is called
X4CK7HlnkIo-00183-00051671-00052075 Moksha salvation by Scholars
X4CK7HlnkIo-00184-00052076-00052414 the primary cause of causes is the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00185-00052415-00052630 creator of Maya chakra
X4CK7HlnkIo-00186-00052632-00052961 he wipes off the vandava birth and death
X4CK7HlnkIo-00187-00052962-00053266 which originates from his Maya
X4CK7HlnkIo-00188-00053267-00053561 the devundra is conceived and created by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00189-00053562-00053932 Shiva it shall be dedicated to him
X4CK7HlnkIo-00190-00053933-00054180 o Scholars it shall be known that
X4CK7HlnkIo-00191-00054182-00054419 circumambulation is highly pleasing to
X4CK7HlnkIo-00192-00054420-00054538 Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00193-00054539-00054797 the circumambulation and obeisance of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00194-00054798-00055085 Shiva the Great Soul and the Adoration
X4CK7HlnkIo-00195-00055086-00055426 performed with the 16 upacharas Accord
X4CK7HlnkIo-00196-00055427-00055769 all benefits there is no sin in the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00197-00055770-00055966 world which cannot be destroyed by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00198-00055967-00056147 circumambulation
X4CK7HlnkIo-00199-00056148-00056471 hence one should dispel all sins by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00200-00056472-00056692 circumambulation alone
X4CK7HlnkIo-00201-00056694-00056969 a person observing worship of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00202-00056970-00057250 shall observe silence and perform one of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00203-00057251-00057661 these a sacred ripe Penance Joppa
X4CK7HlnkIo-00204-00057662-00057929 maintenance of the knowledge or
X4CK7HlnkIo-00205-00057929-00058066 meditation
X4CK7HlnkIo-00206-00058067-00058385 he shall observe truthfulness Etc
X4CK7HlnkIo-00207-00058386-00058669 all sorts of riches Divine body
X4CK7HlnkIo-00208-00058670-00058942 knowledge removal of ignorance and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00209-00058944-00059213 nearness to Shiva are the results of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00210-00059214-00059629 sacred rights Etc
X4CK7HlnkIo-00211-00059629-00059932 the sacred right yields the benefit by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00212-00059933-00060203 the performance it removes the darkness
X4CK7HlnkIo-00213-00060204-00060550 of ignorance it wipes off future birth
X4CK7HlnkIo-00214-00060551-00060821 by the achievement of true knowledge the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00215-00060822-00061025 miseries shall seem as if they did not
X4CK7HlnkIo-00216-00061026-00061223 exist at all
X4CK7HlnkIo-00217-00061224-00061475 the true devotee of Shiva shall observe
X4CK7HlnkIo-00218-00061476-00061792 the sacred rites Etc in accordance with
X4CK7HlnkIo-00219-00061794-00062063 the place time physical ability
X4CK7HlnkIo-00220-00062064-00062380 possession of wealth as befitting his
X4CK7HlnkIo-00221-00062382-00062507 state
X4CK7HlnkIo-00222-00062508-00062753 the intelligent devotee shall take up
X4CK7HlnkIo-00223-00062754-00063041 his residence in a holy Center of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00224-00063041-00063299 desist from violence to living beings
X4CK7HlnkIo-00225-00063300-00063629 without exposing himself to undue strain
X4CK7HlnkIo-00226-00063629-00063904 and spending only such wealth as he
X4CK7HlnkIo-00227-00063905-00064144 earns by legitimate means
X4CK7HlnkIo-00228-00064145-00064397 even water Sanctified by the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00229-00064398-00064649 five-syllable Mantra is conducive to
X4CK7HlnkIo-00230-00064650-00065009 happiness like cooked food even the alms
X4CK7HlnkIo-00231-00065010-00065206 begged and acquired by an Indigent
X4CK7HlnkIo-00232-00065207-00065435 devotee is conducive to perfect
X4CK7HlnkIo-00233-00065436-00065585 knowledge
X4CK7HlnkIo-00234-00065586-00065867 charitable food of the devotee of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00235-00065868-00066149 increases Devotion to Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00236-00066150-00066443 Shiva yogis calls such charitable food
X4CK7HlnkIo-00237-00066444-00066737 sacrificial offerings to shiver
X4CK7HlnkIo-00238-00066738-00066994 the devotee of Shiva shall always be
X4CK7HlnkIo-00239-00066995-00067243 scrupulous about the purity of his food
X4CK7HlnkIo-00240-00067244-00067523 wherever he stays and whatever means of
X4CK7HlnkIo-00241-00067524-00067726 sustenance he has
X4CK7HlnkIo-00242-00067727-00067985 he shall observe silence and shall not
X4CK7HlnkIo-00243-00067986-00068171 disclose the secret
X4CK7HlnkIo-00244-00068172-00068417 to the devotees he shall expound the
X4CK7HlnkIo-00245-00068418-00068585 greatness of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00246-00068586-00068921 only shiver can know the secret of Shiva
X4CK7HlnkIo-00247-00068922-00069371 Mantra no one else
X4CK7HlnkIo-00248-00069372-00069647 the devotee of Shiva shall always resort
X4CK7HlnkIo-00249-00069648-00069959 to the phallic emblem of Shiva o
X4CK7HlnkIo-00250-00069960-00070253 brahmanas one becomes Shiva by resorting
X4CK7HlnkIo-00251-00070254-00070523 to stationary phallic emblem
X4CK7HlnkIo-00252-00070524-00070781 by worshiping the mobile phallic image
X4CK7HlnkIo-00253-00070782-00071165 The Liberation is certainly gradual
X4CK7HlnkIo-00254-00071166-00071488 thus I have mentioned the achievable and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00255-00071489-00071747 the excellent means of achievement
X4CK7HlnkIo-00256-00071748-00071987 what has been mentioned formally by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00257-00071988-00072232 vyasa and what has been heard by me
X4CK7HlnkIo-00258-00072233-00072509 before has been mentioned to you
X4CK7HlnkIo-00259-00072510-00072785 May welfare attend ye all
X4CK7HlnkIo-00260-00072786-00073085 May our devotion to Shiva be stable and
X4CK7HlnkIo-00261-00073086-00073199 firm
X4CK7HlnkIo-00262-00073200-00073535 o Scholars whoever reads this chapter by
X4CK7HlnkIo-00263-00073536-00073805 shiva's grace and whoever listens to
X4CK7HlnkIo-00264-00073806-00074099 this always shall acquire the knowledge
X4CK7HlnkIo-00265-00074100-00074395 of Shiva
X63EQCVw2cA-00000-00000000-00000316 foreign
X63EQCVw2cA-00001-00000317-00002662 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00002-00002663-00003311 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00003-00003313-00004604 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00004-00004605-00006095 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00005-00006096-00007454 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00006-00007455-00008289 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00007-00008290-00009150 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00008-00009151-00009800 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00009-00009801-00011093 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00010-00011094-00012127 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00011-00012128-00013111 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00012-00013112-00013407 never forget last time I
X63EQCVw2cA-00013-00013408-00014005 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00014-00014006-00014322 with them
X63EQCVw2cA-00015-00014323-00014899 I got this mission
X63EQCVw2cA-00016-00014900-00015130 [Music]
X63EQCVw2cA-00017-00015131-00015445 I'm already down
X6Q-F4anFey-00000-00000040-00000111 [Music]
X6Q-F4anFey-00001-00000112-00000223 what the hell happened to my time
X6Q-F4anFey-00002-00000224-00000366 machine it appears to be having a time
X6Q-F4anFey-00003-00000367-00000495 machine problem oh no
X6Q-F4anFey-00004-00000496-00001106 too late
X6Q-F4anFey-00005-00001107-00001223 [Music]
X6Q-F4anFey-00006-00001224-00001454 oh wow this is the most boring day of
X6Q-F4anFey-00007-00001455-00001558 our lives
X6Q-F4anFey-00008-00001559-00001767 you know that jess what was that monk
X6Q-F4anFey-00009-00001768-00002023 well i always have a good time with you
X6Q-F4anFey-00010-00002023-00002183 like when i adopted you when you were
X6Q-F4anFey-00011-00002184-00002342 homeless about a year ago
X6Q-F4anFey-00012-00002343-00002575 you know yeah i'm delighted you adopted
X6Q-F4anFey-00013-00002576-00002883 me because my previous parents were
X6Q-F4anFey-00014-00002884-00003679 abusive
X6Q-F4anFey-00015-00003679-00003888 you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00000-00000228-00000399 yeah yeah
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00001-00000400-00002321 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00002-00002322-00003095 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00003-00003096-00003439 [Applause]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00004-00003440-00004027 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00005-00004028-00005388 there is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00006-00005389-00007639 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00007-00007640-00008231 the story
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00008-00008232-00009121 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00009-00009122-00010149 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00010-00010150-00010233 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00011-00010234-00011045 [Laughter]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00012-00011046-00011237 all along
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00013-00011238-00011699 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00014-00011700-00012974 [Laughter]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00015-00012975-00013706 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00016-00013707-00014693 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00017-00014694-00015041 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00018-00015043-00015815 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00019-00015816-00016143 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00020-00016144-00016941 [Applause]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00021-00016942-00017526 [Laughter]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00022-00017527-00018203 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00023-00018204-00018997 thank you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00024-00018998-00019241 [Laughter]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00025-00019242-00019759 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00026-00019760-00020303 [Laughter]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00027-00020304-00021864 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00028-00021865-00022526 you're not alone
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00029-00022527-00023135 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00030-00023136-00024316 thank you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00031-00024317-00024911 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00032-00024912-00026296 very much
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00034-00029668-00029908 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00035-00029910-00030431 please thank you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00036-00030432-00030847 okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00037-00030848-00031682 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00038-00031683-00031996 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00039-00031997-00032218 in order to show Mercy to the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00040-00032219-00032896 conditioned Souls
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00041-00032897-00033185 the Lord in every age manifests himself
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00042-00033186-00033416 in a particular form
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00043-00033417-00033859 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00044-00033860-00034217 to teach and to demonstrate what is the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00045-00034218-00034518 way of self-realization God realization
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00046-00034519-00034865 in that particular age
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00047-00034866-00035843 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00048-00035844-00036209 in every age there is an Incarnation but
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00049-00036210-00036371 in Kali Yuga
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00050-00036372-00036611 there is a special Incarnation that
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00051-00036612-00036737 comes every
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00052-00036738-00037993 1 000 Kali yugas
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00053-00037994-00038524 that Incarnation is very merciful
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00054-00038525-00039299 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00055-00039300-00039521 he manifests himself
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00056-00039522-00039802 in the most most magnanimous and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00057-00039803-00040024 merciful form of himself
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00058-00040025-00040324 just to uplift the conditioned souls in
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00059-00040325-00040537 this nation
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00060-00040538-00041802 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00061-00041803-00043199 known by many names is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00062-00043200-00044130 oh
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00063-00044131-00044561 he is in his definition of the name
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00064-00044562-00044711 goranga
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00065-00044712-00046295 he transforms the minds of everyone
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00066-00046296-00046649 he appears in the beautiful golden form
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00067-00046650-00046993 at
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00068-00046994-00047387 so beautiful so attractive that simply
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00069-00047388-00047723 by seeing him many of the souls
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00070-00047724-00047939 who became fully Krishna conscious
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00071-00047940-00048346 simply by having his darshan
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00072-00048347-00049351 um
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00073-00049352-00049823 he reflects both the unlimited mercy of
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00074-00049824-00050140 the Supreme Lord in the manifestation of
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00075-00050141-00050386 his internal energy radharani
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00076-00050387-00051570 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00077-00051571-00051869 who is the sweet nature of the Supreme
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00078-00051870-00051958 Lord
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00079-00051959-00052319 in her form as the internal pleasure
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00080-00052320-00053365 giving potency
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00081-00053366-00053650 who is Krishna himself
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00083-00057564-00058970 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00084-00058971-00060221 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00085-00060222-00062930 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00086-00062932-00064823 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00087-00064824-00067435 Associates
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00088-00067436-00067775 and they would become so happy
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00089-00067776-00068667 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00090-00068668-00068838 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00091-00068839-00069215 and waking up all the villagers and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00092-00069216-00069382 inspiring them
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00093-00069383-00069767 to join in the chanting of Hare Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00094-00069768-00070045 very English
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00095-00070046-00070775 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00096-00070776-00073117 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00097-00073118-00073415 over everything
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00098-00073416-00074556 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00099-00074557-00074903 immediately connects with Krishna in a
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00100-00074904-00075131 very direct and very very
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00101-00075132-00076141 spiritually powerful way
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00102-00076142-00076582 he's made the process so nice and so
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00103-00076583-00077435 simple so directly
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00104-00077436-00077926 what is the word kirtan mean
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00105-00077927-00078275 the etymological root word of kirtan is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00106-00078276-00079015 the word kirti
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00107-00079016-00079541 sometimes we give a name to a girl kirti
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00108-00079542-00079906 okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00109-00079907-00080291 means
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00110-00080292-00080687 yes so kirtan is in is the word coming
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00111-00080688-00081131 from kirti means to spread the fame of
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00112-00081132-00082362 the all-famous Lord
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00113-00082363-00082776 but it has another meaning also
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00114-00082777-00083200 means one who does kirtan becomes famous
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00115-00083201-00085405 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00116-00085406-00085697 in a material sense means to do
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00117-00085698-00085967 something and get recognized by others
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00118-00085968-00087121 for the achievements you have performed
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00119-00087122-00087437 but that is temporary in its external
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00120-00087438-00089161 it's based on the body and the mind
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00121-00089162-00089512 so those who enthusiastically and I
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00122-00089513-00089812 would say also regularly take part in
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00123-00089813-00090125 kirtan become recognized by the Supreme
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00124-00090126-00090967 Lord
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00125-00090968-00091141 it's
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00126-00091142-00092065 available to everyone
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00127-00092066-00092329 would say
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00128-00092330-00092718 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00129-00092719-00093203 most magnanimous most merciful
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00130-00093204-00096126 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00131-00096127-00096688 a purpose
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00132-00096689-00096929 but this Maha Mantra is different than
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00133-00096930-00097109 all the other mantras that's why it's
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00134-00097110-00097567 called Maha Mantra
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00135-00097568-00097909 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00136-00097910-00098218 contains only the names of the Supreme
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00137-00098219-00098387 Lord only
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00138-00098388-00100453 there's no other words in the Mantra is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00139-00100454-00100793 supreme internal pleasure giving potency
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00140-00100794-00100932 of the Lord
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00141-00100933-00101200 manifested in the personal former
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00142-00101201-00102354 srimati
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00143-00102355-00102551 and Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00144-00102552-00102742 or Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00145-00102743-00103066 sometimes devotees we chant
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00146-00103067-00103271 and we don't really
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00147-00103272-00103696 take it so serious
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00148-00103697-00104077 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00149-00104078-00104356 everyone is chanting I'm also chanting
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00150-00104357-00104827 so that's nice
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00151-00104828-00105208 and sometimes people think
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00152-00105209-00105521 why waste time chanting I got so many
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00153-00105522-00106039 things to do because
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00154-00106040-00106566 I'm spending so much time chanting
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00155-00106567-00106847 I could get so many other things done in
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00156-00106848-00107316 that same time
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00157-00107317-00107627 when I come to the temple but
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00158-00107628-00107999 this job is too hard takes too much time
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00159-00108000-00108823 again
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00160-00108824-00109147 that is one story
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00161-00109148-00109463 and this one the body he was thinking
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00162-00109464-00109728 like that
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00163-00109729-00110134 foreign he have his Guru
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00164-00110135-00110543 okay Guru that's how he was thinking he
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00165-00110544-00110945 I don't want to chant japa anymore
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00166-00110946-00111239 yeah he was thinking I don't want to
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00167-00111240-00111928 chant japa anymore
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00168-00111929-00112331 I'm gonna give it up
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00169-00112332-00112643 but my Guru is so nice I should tell him
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00170-00112644-00113260 first before I give it up
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00171-00113261-00114745 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00172-00114746-00116531 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00173-00116532-00116765 he was you know he was at least thinking
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00174-00116766-00117310 I should ask my Guru
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00175-00117311-00117697 it's always Guru he was very intelligent
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00176-00117698-00117989 he said okay you can give it up but I
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00177-00117990-00118657 don't want I have one saver first
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00178-00118658-00119158 I want you to do this
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00179-00119159-00119478 okay what's the savor
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00180-00119479-00119884 there is one down by the river nearby
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00181-00119885-00120136 there's a little there's a bird
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00182-00120138-00120377 he is known as a crane
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00183-00120378-00120616 you know grains they stand on one leg
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00184-00120617-00120857 and they stay by the river and they
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00185-00120858-00121204 catch the fishes the fish swim by
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00186-00121205-00122434 e again
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00187-00122435-00122771 so he said go go as close as you can to
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00188-00122772-00123208 the bird the crane and say Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00189-00123209-00123845 Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00190-00123846-00124139 so he went got close
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00191-00124140-00125701 and said to the bird Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00192-00125702-00126040 he didn't expect that
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00193-00126041-00126257 no he went back to his Guru and told him
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00194-00126258-00126413 what happened Guru said never mind
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00195-00126414-00126631 that's okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00196-00126632-00126984 but
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00197-00126985-00127681 there's more to this
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00198-00127682-00128015 there is one cow she just gave birth to
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00199-00128016-00128434 a calf baby calf so you go to the go
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00200-00128435-00128657 there and you go near the baby calf and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00201-00128658-00128999 you say Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00202-00129000-00129889 um
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00203-00129890-00130341 it's my guru's instructions I should go
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00204-00130342-00130764 [Applause]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00205-00130765-00131075 he gets near to the nuke born calf and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00206-00131076-00131369 he says Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00207-00131370-00132497 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00208-00132498-00134152 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00209-00134153-00134314 no problem
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00210-00134315-00134928 I have one more part to this service
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00211-00134929-00135287 the king in this area he is my disciple
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00212-00135288-00135497 he is also your god brother
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00213-00135498-00135761 he just had a newborn son
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00214-00135762-00136097 I want you to go and tell the king that
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00215-00136098-00136349 on behalf of your Guru
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00216-00136350-00136577 he wants to give blessings to the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00217-00136578-00138157 newborn son
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00218-00138158-00139051 so this time he's a little nervous
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00219-00139052-00139271 he goes
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00220-00139272-00139504 and he meets The King The King is very
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00221-00139505-00139787 happy he's meeting all the residents in
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00222-00139788-00139978 the palace he's giving out gifts he's
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00223-00139979-00140195 celebrating the birth of the new boy
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00224-00140196-00140573 newborn newborn baby
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00225-00140574-00141695 so hello
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00226-00141696-00141887 and he says oh
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00227-00141888-00142109 I have come I am your god brother on
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00228-00142110-00142325 behalf of our Guru Maharaj he heard you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00229-00142326-00142528 had a new son and he came to give
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00230-00142529-00142763 blessings
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00231-00142764-00142913 so
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00232-00142914-00143813 um
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00233-00143814-00144016 so the King was very happy he said okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00234-00144017-00144263 well the boy is there with the mother
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00235-00144264-00144514 you go give the blessings from Guru
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00236-00144515-00144628 Maharaj
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00237-00144629-00145381 so
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00238-00145382-00145666 he goes the mothers the babies there and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00239-00145667-00146040 he says Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00240-00146041-00146581 hey
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00241-00146582-00146921 Krishna and the baby dies
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00242-00146922-00148189 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00243-00148190-00148535 he doesn't know how what to do he says
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00244-00148536-00148840 causes guards tells the guards take this
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00245-00148841-00149009 boy away and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00246-00149010-00149683 kill him but give him a slow death
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00247-00149684-00150997 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00248-00150998-00151247 so just when they're about to take them
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00249-00151248-00151583 away from the body of the little baby a
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00250-00151584-00151828 beautiful beautiful Gandara spiritual
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00251-00151829-00152147 being with four arms comes up in the air
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00252-00152148-00152452 and holds up in the sky everyone can see
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00253-00152453-00152735 it he looks at the boy and says thank
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00254-00152736-00153154 you I was cursed to take three birds one
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00255-00153155-00153287 is a crane
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00256-00153288-00153652 one is a calf and one is the boy of this
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00257-00153653-00153911 King now I am going back to the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00258-00153912-00156064 spiritual world
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00259-00156065-00158226 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00260-00158227-00159923 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00261-00159924-00161226 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00262-00161227-00161573 there is in the Holy Name of Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00263-00161574-00162243 um
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00264-00162244-00162652 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00265-00162653-00162976 that Krishna has come in his name
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00266-00162977-00163961 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00267-00163962-00164213 sometimes people think
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00268-00164214-00164495 well the name of Krishna represents
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00269-00164496-00164993 Krishna okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00270-00164994-00165347 so one day one is very senior devotee in
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00271-00165348-00165647 iskcon he was giving a lecture
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00272-00165648-00165949 bhagavatam class
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00273-00165950-00166566 es
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00274-00166567-00166823 sometimes he would like to stay and
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00275-00166824-00167754 listen to his devotees speak class
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00276-00167755-00168149 sitting there listening to you
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00277-00168150-00168659 um
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00278-00168660-00169104 so he was giving quests
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00279-00169105-00169597 and he made one statement in the class
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00280-00169598-00170009 he said Krishna is in his name
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00281-00170010-00171299 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00282-00171300-00171539 but then he realized no Krishna is not
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00283-00171540-00172516 in his name Krishna is his name is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00284-00172517-00172781 krishna's name is Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00285-00172782-00173057 how can we can can we can we realize
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00286-00173058-00174247 that you can't realize that is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00287-00174248-00174581 everything is in the name of Krishna all
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00288-00174582-00174814 the energies all the shaktis all the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00289-00174815-00175123 incarnations qualities manifestations
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00290-00175124-00175373 pastimes everything is there in the
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00291-00175374-00175590 sound of Krishna
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00292-00175591-00175807 Nam Roop
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00293-00175808-00176676 Krishna sorry
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00294-00176677-00177016 so the name of Krishna is the most
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00295-00177017-00177311 Supreme manifestation complete
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00296-00177312-00177611 of the mercy of the godhead in this age
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00297-00177612-00178063 anyone and everyone can chat
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00298-00178064-00178909 is
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00299-00178910-00179213 the chatting of the name also gives
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00300-00179214-00179399 complete protection
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00301-00179400-00179893 foreign
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00302-00179894-00180463 [Music]
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00303-00180464-00180725 so let's chat a little bit
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00304-00180726-00181285 okay
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00305-00181286-00181993 we'll do a little chanting and then
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00306-00181994-00182375 less philosophy more kirtan
X7Ta7EcF9_E-00307-00182376-00182676 foreign
X9dIgdAB4zA-00000-00000000-00000179 do you consider yourself a French
X9dIgdAB4zA-00001-00000180-00000521 speaker well think again here are five
X9dIgdAB4zA-00002-00000522-00000682 French phrases you have probably been
X9dIgdAB4zA-00003-00000683-00000886 saying wrong your entire life
X9dIgdAB4zA-00004-00000888-00001091 first of all let's start with the famous
X9dIgdAB4zA-00005-00001092-00001399 excuse me we often use it as an apology
X9dIgdAB4zA-00006-00001400-00001780 however excuse amwa means excuse me the
X9dIgdAB4zA-00007-00001782-00002131 proper French phrase to say I'm sorry is
X9dIgdAB4zA-00008-00002132-00002441 secondly we have C'est La Vie in English
X9dIgdAB4zA-00009-00002442-00002723 it translates to that's life but in
X9dIgdAB4zA-00010-00002724-00002908 French it is C'est La Vie without the
X9dIgdAB4zA-00011-00002909-00003095 you sound at the end of I
X9dIgdAB4zA-00012-00003096-00003329 thirdly a la mode doesn't mean with ice
X9dIgdAB4zA-00013-00003329-00003593 cream if you go to a cafe and ask for a
X9dIgdAB4zA-00014-00003594-00003790 pie a la mode you will probably end up
X9dIgdAB4zA-00015-00003792-00004036 with a strange look from the waiter a la
X9dIgdAB4zA-00016-00004037-00004288 mode simply means trendy or in fashion
X9dIgdAB4zA-00017-00004289-00004547 next up faux pas often mispronounced as
X9dIgdAB4zA-00018-00004548-00004822 fox pass but in French it is pronounced
X9dIgdAB4zA-00019-00004823-00005093 faux pas without the S sound faux pas
X9dIgdAB4zA-00020-00005094-00005345 means a social blunder or a grocery
X9dIgdAB4zA-00021-00005346-00005645 lastly we have which is commonly
X9dIgdAB4zA-00022-00005646-00005945 translated as Joy of living however in
X9dIgdAB4zA-00023-00005946-00006143 French it's pronounced with a V with a
X9dIgdAB4zA-00024-00006144-00006281 soft J sound
X9dIgdAB4zA-00025-00006282-00006520 so there you have it these are five
X9dIgdAB4zA-00026-00006522-00006677 French phrases that you may have been
X9dIgdAB4zA-00027-00006678-00006851 saying wrong all along
X9dIgdAB4zA-00028-00006852-00007091 thanks for watching don't forget to
X9dIgdAB4zA-00029-00007092-00007264 subscribe to our channel for more useful
X9dIgdAB4zA-00030-00007265-00007550 tips and tricks
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00000-00000119-00000335 hey guys what's going on it's knock
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00001-00000336-00000719 welcome along to another worms reloaded
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00002-00000720-00000847 battle between
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00003-00000848-00001150 death wish 808 and a load of crap and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00004-00001151-00001223 today
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00005-00001224-00001439 we are seeing a change of scenery as we
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00006-00001440-00001527 enter
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00007-00001528-00001798 an arctic environment here for this
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00008-00001800-00001975 rather short contest
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00009-00001976-00002223 between our two warriors and it is a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00010-00002224-00002359 load of crap here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00011-00002360-00002750 two getters underway in the center left
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00012-00002751-00003071 of the map not really many options
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00013-00003072-00003319 or easy options here straight off the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00014-00003320-00003495 bat but uh we're gonna see what he can
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00015-00003496-00003583 do
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00016-00003584-00003943 can he get a grenade in that gap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00017-00003944-00004135 possibly not but he's just gonna look to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00018-00004136-00004270 open up that area
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00019-00004271-00004519 and bring that mind a little bit closer
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00020-00004520-00004759 to death wish 808 in the early stages
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00021-00004760-00004991 here of the game
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00022-00004992-00005311 as we now head over to that worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00023-00005312-00005470 who's probably not going to get the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00024-00005471-00005718 ability to do a lot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00025-00005719-00005975 he can just poke his little wormy head
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00026-00005976-00006247 out of that hole though
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00027-00006248-00006550 and uh in retaliation for that shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00028-00006551-00006734 against a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00029-00006736-00007063 action today comes from the 1st of june
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00030-00007064-00007246 so i apologize i've been sitting on this
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00031-00007247-00007423 for a couple of weeks
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00032-00007423-00007727 but we are here now and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00033-00007728-00007934 death wish with the grenade on top of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00034-00007936-00008134 the canoe he can't actually make his way
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00035-00008136-00008303 back up and a load of crap is down
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00036-00008304-00008471 triggers off the mine
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00037-00008472-00008878 big damage indeed to a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00038-00008879-00009078 almost killing off the worm leaving him
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00039-00009079-00009223 with eight health but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00040-00009224-00009351 i can't imagine next time around for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00041-00009352-00009567 that worm of death wish uh it is going
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00042-00009568-00009614 to be
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00043-00009615-00009983 game over for a load of craps
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00044-00009984-00010263 back now with load of crap on the top
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00045-00010264-00010342 left and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00046-00010343-00010495 unfortunately he's a little bit boxed in
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00047-00010496-00010646 there he can't really do a lot to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00048-00010647-00010991 move to the right because of that mine
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00049-00010992-00011206 and looking at the sort of geometry and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00050-00011207-00011335 the layout of the map you've got that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00051-00011336-00011542 sort of bent candy cane pole kind of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00052-00011543-00011614 thing
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00053-00011615-00011846 um which is going to prevent any shots
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00054-00011847-00012014 so anything here is just going to need
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00055-00012015-00012078 to be
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00056-00012079-00012246 nicely lost in the air with the bazooka
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00057-00012247-00012391 can you get through now we just couldn't
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00058-00012392-00012487 quite get
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00059-00012488-00012710 the angle it just went a little bit too
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00060-00012711-00012951 high didn't quite arc enough
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00061-00012952-00013207 but if we could get a bazooka shot sorry
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00062-00013208-00013319 it's nice and steady
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00063-00013319-00013486 it might actually be able to uh get
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00064-00013487-00013647 through that gap and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00065-00013647-00013815 uh there's at least some hope there of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00066-00013816-00014038 creating some damage on a death wishes
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00067-00014040-00014119 worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00068-00014119-00014263 we're back with deathwish now right at
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00069-00014263-00014511 the bottom mid
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00070-00014512-00014847 and he's trying his best to uh get up to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00071-00014847-00015015 the top there which he does
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00072-00015016-00015191 now what's he going to do here is he
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00073-00015191-00015327 going to just throw a grenade in the pit
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00074-00015328-00015438 or is he going to try and bring
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00075-00015440-00015630 the mine into play let's see the grenade
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00076-00015631-00015838 is down and it's right next to a load of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00077-00015840-00015903 crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00078-00015904-00016311 watch the mine
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00079-00016312-00016535 nicely done sends a load of craps worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00080-00016536-00016743 over into the path of the mine and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00081-00016744-00016855 another
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00082-00016856-00017199 real big damage there from death wish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00083-00017200-00017286 808
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00084-00017287-00017550 to fantastic shots and a lot of damage
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00085-00017551-00017694 taken so a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00086-00017695-00017958 really is on the back foot here two
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00087-00017959-00018175 worms already within
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00088-00018176-00019550 one hit kill
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00089-00019551-00019814 can he send the worm down i don't know
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00090-00019815-00019983 if he's gonna have enough here to send
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00091-00019984-00020007 it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00092-00020008-00020214 in the path of the mine he probably
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00093-00020215-00020375 would need to use a grenade if he wanted
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00094-00020376-00020439 to do that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00095-00020440-00020647 good effort though with the bazooka and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00096-00020648-00020750 he puts his worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00097-00020751-00021063 back to safety on that right hand side
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00098-00021064-00021343 but definitely didn't quite fall in that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00099-00021344-00021486 pit i think there was a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00100-00021487-00021655 little like handle sticking out there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00101-00021656-00021791 just on the far right which kind of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00102-00021792-00021999 prevented that from happening as
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00103-00022000-00022383 death wish now moving his worm over
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00104-00022384-00022639 to the left-hand side and you got to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00105-00022640-00022807 think here it's going to be a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00106-00022808-00023007 relatively easy shot here from death
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00107-00023008-00023150 wish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00108-00023151-00023294 unfortunately the angle wasn't quite
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00109-00023295-00023511 right just comes up a little bit short
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00110-00023512-00023791 and it falls down below creating a hole
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00111-00023792-00023830 from
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00112-00023831-00025294 top to bottom
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00113-00025295-00025567 one worm that wouldn't be in one hit
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00114-00025568-00025655 radius there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00115-00025656-00025839 full damage here let's see what he's
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00116-00025839-00025999 gonna do here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00117-00026000-00026567 is he gonna commit suicide
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00118-00026568-00026711 he's gonna try and send the worm onto
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00119-00026712-00026967 the mine the worm is on the mine indeed
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00120-00026968-00027158 it's gonna sit off the barrel is there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00121-00027160-00027414 gonna be any no he has drowned worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00122-00027416-00027711 so despite the fact load of crap had
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00123-00027712-00027774 taken
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00124-00027775-00027958 a lot of damage in the early stages he
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00125-00027960-00028174 is the first one to eliminate a worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00126-00028175-00028390 very good indeed i didn't know if he was
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00127-00028391-00028487 gonna like almost
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00128-00028488-00028735 commit suicide there and and hopefully
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00129-00028736-00028887 the death animation took care of it i'd
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00130-00028888-00028918 have
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00131-00028919-00029127 initially seen the mine and the barrel
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00132-00029127-00029279 on the left-hand side but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00133-00029280-00029423 good place grenade shot will always
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00134-00029424-00029599 throw that worm over into the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00135-00029600-00029943 path of um
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00136-00029944-00030239 mines and barrels and stuff so well
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00137-00030239-00030367 thought out there from a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00138-00030368-00030558 again this is why these two guys
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00139-00030560-00030799 are what i consider the creme de la
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00140-00030800-00030974 creme when it comes to worms players
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00141-00030975-00031158 have been playing it for years
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00142-00031160-00031390 and they often see moves and tactics
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00143-00031391-00031599 that i don't as death wish here is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00144-00031600-00031743 running out of time on the shot clock
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00145-00031744-00031927 only five seconds left what's he gonna
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00146-00031927-00032199 do
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00147-00032200-00032446 it's up with a second to go and yeah
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00148-00032447-00032590 really did sort of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00149-00032591-00032967 run out of time to do anything there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00150-00032968-00033255 yeah and now we are back with a load of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00151-00033256-00033374 crap bottom left
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00152-00033375-00033518 and you've got to think that this is uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00153-00033519-00033727 going to be this worms last turn here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00154-00033728-00033887 because
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00155-00033888-00034271 uh he's only on hate eight health sorry
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00156-00034272-00034455 and he's gonna try and retreat as far as
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00157-00034456-00034735 he can possibly
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00158-00034736-00034943 yeah and uh direct shot will bring death
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00159-00034944-00035623 wishes worm down to 30.
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00160-00035624-00035911 yeah you gotta think that uh it's a real
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00161-00035912-00036071 easy grenade shot and is that worm next
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00162-00036072-00036255 to go
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00163-00036256-00036439 it's a really simple grenade shot for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00164-00036440-00036630 death wish just a simple
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00165-00036631-00036902 up and over and it will be in and a load
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00166-00036903-00036959 of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00167-00036960-00037311 will be down to three to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00168-00037312-00037823 level the playing field
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00169-00037824-00038079 i appreciate it death wishes worm there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00170-00038080-00038230 is uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00171-00038231-00038423 well protected from anybody at all now
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00172-00038424-00038567 hold on a minute
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00173-00038568-00038735 it's not going to kill him but it could
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00174-00038736-00039039 do some serious damage here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00175-00039040-00039374 25 is the maximum he takes another 15 14
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00176-00039375-00039799 sorry from death wishes worms so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00177-00039800-00040046 yeah he was um luckily he was he was out
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00178-00040047-00040223 of range of like the maximum damage
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00179-00040224-00040439 the death animation if you are on top of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00180-00040440-00040695 another worm it will cause 25 damage to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00181-00040696-00040823 you so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00182-00040824-00040935 he was never going to kill him but he
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00183-00040936-00041079 could have he had the opportunity there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00184-00041080-00041207 to bring him down to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00185-00041208-00041639 a solitary five points
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00186-00041640-00041799 holy crap here trying to play some
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00187-00041800-00041983 plinko but the grenade just sticks on
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00188-00041984-00042158 the lip there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00189-00042159-00042527 it's actually done quite well good shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00190-00042528-00042702 that's going to kill the worm off just
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00191-00042703-00042846 when i thought that that worm was
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00192-00042847-00043087 out of harm's way and perfectly safe a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00193-00043088-00043262 load of crap with a bit of fire damage
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00194-00043263-00043446 there sending it down to the worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00195-00043447-00043671 and kills it he got really unfortunate
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00196-00043672-00043758 there with the grenade though the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00197-00043759-00043799 grenade
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00198-00043800-00044007 didn't roll off the edge as you might
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00199-00044008-00044246 expect that it would have done
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00200-00044247-00044502 but uh certainly makes up with it with
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00201-00044503-00044702 the that uh fire damage is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00202-00044703-00044871 deathwish now doesn't make the same
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00203-00044872-00045046 mistake again there's the uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00204-00045047-00045223 grenade damage the the mine was a one
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00205-00045224-00045399 second mine and just rolls away
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00206-00045400-00045718 just enough just to not cause maximum
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00207-00045719-00045887 damage there to a load of crap but it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00208-00045888-00046039 was an extra 20
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00209-00046040-00046343 on the already 45 inflicted from the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00210-00046344-00046527 grenade
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00211-00046528-00046767 so uh another worm of load of craps is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00212-00046768-00046839 now down
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00213-00046840-00047086 to one hit but uh he does have the upper
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00214-00047087-00047207 hand in terms of worms
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00215-00047208-00047683 at this moment in time it is three
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00216-00047684-00047902 two waiting
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00217-00047903-00048190 waiting for the shocking amazing can he
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00218-00048191-00048327 time this grenade shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00219-00048328-00048486 to perfection i think he's going to try
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00220-00048487-00048695 and roll it around this curve here and i
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00221-00048696-00048846 hope that it'll just drop through by the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00222-00048847-00048918 end of the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00223-00048919-00049111 the fuse it'll just drop through the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00224-00049112-00049302 hole at the bottom and uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00225-00049303-00049615 hopefully either
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00226-00049616-00049767 oh no he was going to change that for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00227-00049768-00049958 the bazooka okay interesting
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00228-00049959-00050046 i thought he was going to roll the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00229-00050047-00050246 grenade around that curve and then in
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00230-00050247-00050439 the hope that it would go off and push
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00231-00050440-00050935 death wishes
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00232-00050936-00051183 does get to retaliate now death wishes
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00233-00051184-00051270 had that area
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00234-00051271-00051494 opened up quite a bit here so i haven't
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00235-00051495-00051575 got to worry
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00236-00051576-00051950 this time about the uh angles and things
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00237-00051951-00051999 you remember
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00238-00052000-00052214 the last shot for this worm he ran the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00239-00052215-00052511 clock down trying to decide what to do
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00240-00052512-00053054 but uh let's see this time around
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00241-00053055-00053279 grade is up it goes off is the fire
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00242-00053279-00053430 going to come down no the fire is there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00243-00053432-00053575 for a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00244-00053576-00053742 i did wonder whether or not it was gonna
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00245-00053744-00053942 come back and uh fall in
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00246-00053944-00054230 death wishes path but it does not and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00247-00054232-00054311 that was a good
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00248-00054312-00054687 chunk of damage 31 taken
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00249-00054688-00054807 brought you down to my level now what
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00250-00054808-00055007 can a load of crap do with this worm at
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00251-00055008-00055111 the bottom here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00252-00055112-00055326 who's this guy gonna go for it now you
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00253-00055327-00055550 might try and uh almost
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00254-00055551-00055887 tunnel up uh yeah
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00255-00055888-00056038 with the bazooka to try and create a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00256-00056039-00056199 hole here has to be careful
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00257-00056200-00056335 though because that worm does get to go
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00258-00056336-00056559 next i think he's just opened up a gap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00259-00056560-00056775 there that you could potentially get
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00260-00056776-00057087 a grenade through so watch this i think
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00261-00057088-00057191 death wishes
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00262-00057191-00057359 i know he's not gonna go for it he's not
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00263-00057360-00057494 gonna go for it okay
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00264-00057495-00057759 he's gonna try and take the guaranteed
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00265-00057760-00057966 35 here by throwing the grenade through
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00266-00057967-00058247 and that is that we are back to a two on
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00267-00058248-00058391 two
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00268-00058391-00058591 nice bit of momentum generated from that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00269-00058591-00058711 grenade pushing
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00270-00058712-00058919 a load of craps worm well and truly out
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00271-00058920-00059054 of that hole
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00272-00059055-00059366 not that it matters
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00273-00059367-00059591 so it's interesting now we've got two
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00274-00059591-00059759 worms in the center which are kind of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00275-00059760-00059926 isolated there is a little tiny gap that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00276-00059927-00060079 they could attack each other from and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00277-00060079-00060206 then we've got the two
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00278-00060207-00060359 worms on this right hand side here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00279-00060360-00060494 loader crab has a much better shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00280-00060495-00060647 though this time but i don't think the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00281-00060648-00060703 worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00282-00060704-00060919 is close enough to the right hand edge
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00283-00060920-00061126 unless you can do that that was a good
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00284-00061127-00061215 shot but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00285-00061216-00061406 death wishes worm gets really lucky and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00286-00061407-00061606 just lands on that ledge
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00287-00061607-00061919 and um gotta you've got to think that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00288-00061920-00062175 if the worm hadn't landed on that ledge
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00289-00062176-00062303 then mine would have come into play
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00290-00062304-00062494 there for death wishes worm and we would
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00291-00062495-00062638 have seen a whole different outcome
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00292-00062639-00062854 there but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00293-00062855-00063079 lady luck certainly shining on that worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00294-00063079-00063206 this time there's a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00295-00063207-00063566 now is flung down to the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00296-00063567-00063871 pit below but uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00297-00063872-00064030 looking at the health and bits and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00298-00064032-00064182 pieces apart from death which worm on
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00299-00064183-00064215 top
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00300-00064216-00064438 every worm here is within one hit range
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00301-00064439-00064606 and you've got to think a load of crap's
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00302-00064607-00064815 next turn with that right worm is going
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00303-00064816-00064942 to absolutely
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00304-00064944-00065319 decimate death wishes 33 worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00305-00065320-00065631 now what can a load of crap do here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00306-00065632-00065926 is he going to try and get one through
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00307-00065927-00066175 the hole
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00308-00066176-00066550 you never know he does not but he opens
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00309-00066551-00066599 the gap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00310-00066600-00066879 up but he has put his worm on the ledge
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00311-00066880-00066982 here now
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00312-00066983-00067143 does death wish have an angle with the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00313-00067144-00067559 bazooka i think he might
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00314-00067560-00067911 i could get the grenade shot may or may
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00315-00067912-00068103 not may be off i think the grenade shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00316-00068104-00068199 is off
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00317-00068200-00068431 i don't think he can get a and a good
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00318-00068432-00068631 enough angle throwing it down
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00319-00068632-00069087 but then like i said these two guys are
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00320-00069088-00069287 these are really good players only five
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00321-00069288-00069431 damage and death wish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00322-00069432-00069863 does not i repeat does not get his worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00323-00069864-00070175 far enough away now well i i think what
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00324-00070176-00070199 we're
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00325-00070200-00070503 going to see here though is we're going
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00326-00070504-00070550 to see
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00327-00070551-00070815 a load of crap finishing off the 33 worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00328-00070816-00070919 on the right
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00329-00070920-00071103 and death will get another shot with
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00330-00071104-00071247 that worm at the top on
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00331-00071248-00071567 a load of craps six health worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00332-00071568-00071806 so i think we're going to see a bit of a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00333-00071807-00071982 game my chest opening up anytime
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00334-00071983-00072247 soon between death wishes central and a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00335-00072248-00072391 load of craps
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00336-00072392-00072559 right hand wormers there we go death
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00337-00072560-00072831 wishes worm is dead
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00338-00072832-00072982 i'd say you would expect now death wish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00339-00072983-00073150 to finish off a load of crap six worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00340-00073151-00073303 here in the middle
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00341-00073304-00073806 to take it down to the one on one
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00342-00073807-00074199 is he gonna stick with the grenade and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00343-00074200-00074406 here's a bazooka shot at this angle is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00344-00074407-00074559 very risky you run the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00345-00074560-00074862 such a risk of hitting
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00346-00074863-00075199 oh that backfire you i i very tentative
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00347-00075200-00075350 when like aiming downwards because you
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00348-00075351-00075382 run
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00349-00075383-00075679 the risk of hitting the floor and either
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00350-00075680-00075806 blowing yourself up or
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00351-00075807-00075959 the grenade not going where you want it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00352-00075960-00076119 to go and sticking to the floor near
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00353-00076120-00076215 where you are
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00354-00076216-00076382 now what can a load of crap do here if
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00355-00076383-00076559 he could get a shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00356-00076560-00076862 here and flow sorry
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00357-00076863-00077103 flung fling flong it's not passing it it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00358-00077104-00077247 hasn't happened yet fling death is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00359-00077248-00077615 wearing to the left which he doesn't do
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00360-00077616-00077823 unfortunately i think the wind sort of
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00361-00077824-00077967 kept the but if you could have
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00362-00077968-00078167 caused death wishes worm to fling there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00363-00078168-00078326 to the left there is two mines there and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00364-00078327-00078511 that could have probably won the game
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00365-00078512-00078759 could have probably that's a a great
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00366-00078760-00078959 sentence not but yeah
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00367-00078960-00079199 and uh deathwish there is just buying
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00368-00079200-00079382 his time doesn't really need to take the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00369-00079383-00079535 worm back at this point because
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00370-00079536-00079838 a lot of crap has got to in play but i
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00371-00079839-00079975 want to try something different i think
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00372-00079976-00080206 he's uh i don't know if that was
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00373-00080207-00080406 accidental or on purpose but he is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00374-00080407-00080703 creating water pits down there so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00375-00080704-00081062 any sort of movement for a load of crap
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00376-00081063-00081550 either side could result in death so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00377-00081551-00081743 any sort of shot though nearby is going
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00378-00081744-00081871 to cause death when you think about it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00379-00081872-00082023 because he's only on six
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00380-00082024-00082206 so you don't death which doesn't even
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00381-00082207-00082359 really have to get
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00382-00082360-00082582 down too close to be able to make an
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00383-00082583-00082815 impact here but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00384-00082816-00082943 let's see what he can do here this is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00385-00082944-00083150 the shot that matters
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00386-00083151-00083462 he needs to get this one
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00387-00083463-00083694 or else a load of crap gets another
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00388-00083695-00084038 attempt
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00389-00084039-00084318 switching back to a grenade rolls it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00390-00084319-00084550 down but it's gone too far
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00391-00084551-00084815 so does a load of crap have an angle
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00392-00084816-00085071 here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00393-00085072-00085423 is there enough of that like floor area
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00394-00085424-00085526 above
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00395-00085527-00085711 where he could get a grenade up and next
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00396-00085712-00085871 to death wish or a bazooka
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00397-00085872-00085975 it's not going to be a bazooka because
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00398-00085976-00086182 the wind is against him i think it's a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00399-00086183-00086343 relatively short shot but even still
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00400-00086344-00086543 the wind is too much against him now can
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00401-00086544-00086767 he get this up
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00402-00086768-00087103 he has gone for two second or one one
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00403-00087104-00087175 second
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00404-00087176-00087511 maximum power but no it wasn't able to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00405-00087512-00087606 thread
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00406-00087607-00087943 the hole there and uh death wish now
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00407-00087944-00088311 gets another
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00408-00088312-00088487 at the attempt i didn't factor in the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00409-00088488-00088606 drop so you're gonna go for the same
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00410-00088607-00088855 thing just rolling off that grenade
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00411-00088856-00089015 it looks like he's gonna try and go for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00412-00089016-00089159 a more direct approach here he's
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00413-00089160-00089271 bringing the worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00414-00089272-00089575 all the way over to the edge
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00415-00089576-00089735 well not quite the edge actually i'll be
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00416-00089736-00089935 very careful here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00417-00089936-00090182 and uh no it wasn't able to again do
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00418-00090183-00090262 anything but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00419-00090263-00090479 again moves the worm away doesn't really
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00420-00090480-00090679 have to move it cause like i said before
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00421-00090680-00090887 holy crap has got two worms in place so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00422-00090888-00091031 he will have another attempt at that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00423-00091032-00091111 worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00424-00091112-00091862 before it gets to retaliate
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00425-00091863-00092175 load of crap now is beginning to make
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00426-00092176-00092311 inroads
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00427-00092312-00092671 at that area at the top
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00428-00092672-00092871 in preparation for an aerial assault
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00429-00092872-00093031 which is you've got to imagine he's
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00430-00093032-00093287 going to come down here to a 1v1 between
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00431-00093288-00093494 these two worms unless
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00432-00093495-00093759 death wish falters again here but no
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00433-00093760-00093838 there we go
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00434-00093839-00093967 and that's what i was talking about it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00435-00093968-00094143 did the shot doesn't have to be
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00436-00094144-00094294 anywhere near anything that's going to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00437-00094295-00094487 cause enough of a radius damage
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00438-00094488-00094655 so that worm is going to knock it into
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00439-00094656-00094887 the drink and deathwish does just that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00440-00094888-00095343 so i wouldn't blow my own house
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00441-00095344-00095711 25 plays 100 a load of crap has
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00442-00095712-00095911 opened up the playing field there on the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00443-00095912-00096047 right hand side
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00444-00096048-00096206 death wishes the first it's going to get
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00445-00096207-00096682 a chance to attack the opponent
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00446-00096683-00096894 both
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00447-00096895-00097182 what's his play going to be here the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00448-00097183-00097318 minds are at the side of death which
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00449-00097319-00097462 here if a load of crap plays his shot
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00450-00097463-00097599 right it's still potentially going to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00451-00097600-00097743 come into play here so keep an eye on
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00452-00097744-00097799 those
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00453-00097800-00098079 uh yeah it's a little tricky i've got a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00454-00098080-00098199 little bit of cover but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00455-00098200-00098391 death wish tries to kill the shot round
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00456-00098392-00098559 just wasn't quite enough now let's see
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00457-00098560-00098750 what a load of crap can do from here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00458-00098751-00098999 there's still a lot of geometry and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00459-00099000-00099150 debris there at the top of the map
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00460-00099151-00099406 so it's going to be very difficult to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00461-00099407-00099599 arc a shot over towards deathwish i
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00462-00099600-00099767 think deathwish is relatively safe here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00463-00099768-00099806 for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00464-00099807-00100143 the time being the wind was with a load
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00465-00100144-00100318 of crap and just a little bit higher
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00466-00100319-00100487 and i think that may have seen it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00467-00100488-00100647 through but
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00468-00100648-00100911 um yes it's a very difficult angle here
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00469-00100912-00101087 for a load of crap deathwish can afford
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00470-00101088-00101174 to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00471-00101175-00101503 sort of shoot over here because he
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00472-00101504-00101711 his shots can drop a load of craps need
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00473-00101712-00101855 to go up and it's always harder when
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00474-00101856-00102006 you're shooting up as opposed to
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00475-00102007-00102326 shooting down an opponent
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00476-00102327-00102575 but i am interested in to see what uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00477-00102576-00102686 will happen here as
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00478-00102688-00102910 load of crap now same windows before can
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00479-00102911-00103054 he compensate for the power i know this
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00480-00103055-00103254 time is a little bit too much
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00481-00103255-00103439 same setup as before but unfortunately
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00482-00103440-00103582 just a little bit too much power that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00483-00103583-00103615 time
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00484-00103616-00103839 needs to find that middle ground because
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00485-00103840-00103990 there's no guarantee on what the wind
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00486-00103991-00104254 will be next time around as death wish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00487-00104255-00104478 comes a little short that time again
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00488-00104479-00104654 deathwish has been long he's been short
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00489-00104655-00104943 so he's sort of gauging that power do a
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00490-00104944-00105047 little too much
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00491-00105048-00105263 times he how much power he's putting
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00492-00105264-00105399 into those shots
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00493-00105400-00105639 he may get a good turn next time around
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00494-00105640-00105807 when the wind is with him
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00495-00105808-00106254 three win again though and yeah
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00496-00106255-00106478 each shot is a learning experience and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00497-00106479-00106615 at the same time for load crab it is
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00498-00106616-00106799 getting rid of more and more of that air
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00499-00106800-00107047 at the top but you've got to think
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00500-00107048-00107190 deathwish certainly does have the high
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00501-00107191-00107471 ground he's taken away that area now
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00502-00107472-00107607 above a load of crap he's going to be
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00503-00107608-00107790 opening up even if he goes long
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00504-00107791-00107943 it's going to be opening of an aerial
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00505-00107944-00108119 assault on the load of crap within the
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00506-00108120-00108647 next turn if you can replay that so
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00507-00108648-00109071 it's not looking good
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00508-00109072-00109183 crap here he's going to switch out
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00509-00109183-00109351 grenade does he feel like he's got
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00510-00109352-00109407 enough
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00511-00109408-00109663 here with the bazooka on one win against
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00512-00109664-00109863 him he does
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00513-00109864-00110247 oh that held up really really nicely for
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00514-00110248-00110358 him there
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00515-00110359-00112023 just didn't quite have the distance
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00516-00112024-00112247 he's got the high ground and it's a load
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00517-00112248-00112486 of crap that needs to do the work
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00518-00112488-00112702 just one shot which pushes deathwish
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00519-00112703-00112943 over to that left-hand side
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00520-00112944-00113143 it's all it's gonna take for some big
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00521-00113144-00113431 damage on that worm
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00522-00113432-00113615 could potentially win the game let's see
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00523-00113616-00113727 what loader crap can do with this
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00524-00113728-00114007 grenade
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00525-00114008-00114166 all the previous shots have been bazook
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00526-00114167-00114366 shots he's got no experience at all with
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00527-00114367-00114558 that
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00528-00114559-00114895 so it comes up short
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00529-00114896-00115102 explosives and it yeah deathwish again
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00530-00115103-00115223 here he's uh
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00531-00115224-00115534 wind against him
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00532-00115535-00115790 and there we go the wind against it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00533-00115791-00115983 holds up the shot just nicely like i
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00534-00115983-00116039 said
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00535-00116040-00116239 because he's above a load of crap it
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00536-00116240-00116399 drops nicely and
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00537-00116400-00116671 kills death wish takes this solitary map
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00538-00116672-00116766 tonight
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00539-00116767-00117015 and uh well played to both individuals
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00540-00117016-00117199 guys thank you very much for watching as
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00541-00117200-00117278 always
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00542-00117279-00117471 we'll be back real soon with some more
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00543-00117472-00117678 worms action but until then i've been
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00544-00117679-00117727 knocking
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00545-00117728-00117963 you've been awesome take care happy
XqJr9y3ZDkQ-00546-00117964-00118264 gaming
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00000-00000017-00000191 soccer one of my absolute favorites
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00001-00000192-00000394 she's the skep doc if you haven't read
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00002-00000395-00000653 her column uh in skeptic magazine do
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00003-00000654-00000850 that right now because it's just amazing
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00004-00000851-00001054 she's a retired family physician amongst
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00005-00001055-00001241 other things her talk is called enjoying
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00006-00001242-00001499 alternative medicine uh as a young
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00007-00001500-00001787 person she did not have a hiding place
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00008-00001788-00002021 um her favorite candy bar is a Three
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00009-00002022-00002302 Musketeers unless there's some Godiva
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00010-00002303-00002447 Chocolate available that she'll go for
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00011-00002448-00002675 the Godiva Chocolate she prefers a
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00012-00002676-00002981 shower uh her boat would be called The
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00013-00002982-00003238 Healing Art because it has to be a
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00014-00003239-00003467 sailboat and the one question she would
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00015-00003468-00003695 ask was she actually has asked but has
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00016-00003696-00003833 not gotten an answer yet and she's
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00017-00003834-00004138 waiting is uh on Amazon there is a
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00018-00004139-00004427 twenty four thousand dollar healing pie
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00019-00004428-00004601 that apparently you sit in this thing
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00020-00004602-00004799 and it does something and she wants to
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00021-00004800-00005029 know has anyone bought one
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00022-00005030-00005249 apparently there's no response to that
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00023-00005250-00005483 so please welcome the one and only Harry
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00024-00005484-00005532 Potter
XqKks7Fmg1Q-00025-00005533-00005842 [Music]
XsXj4n-qOaY-00000-00000360-00000574 hello everyone today i'm honored to be
XsXj4n-qOaY-00001-00000575-00000711 chatting with nick bloom
XsXj4n-qOaY-00002-00000712-00000894 who is professor of economics at
XsXj4n-qOaY-00003-00000896-00001023 stanford
XsXj4n-qOaY-00004-00001024-00001247 i sometimes put it this way if i read a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00005-00001248-00001407 new and interesting article
XsXj4n-qOaY-00006-00001408-00001734 whether it be on productivity in science
XsXj4n-qOaY-00007-00001735-00002039 uh the productivity affirms how
XsXj4n-qOaY-00008-00002039-00002223 effective it is to work from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-00009-00002224-00002439 the effect of uncertainty on economic
XsXj4n-qOaY-00010-00002440-00002607 output and then i think well who's the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00011-00002608-00002758 most likely economist
XsXj4n-qOaY-00012-00002759-00002934 to be a co-author or author of this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00013-00002935-00003254 article that one person is nick bloom
XsXj4n-qOaY-00014-00003255-00003479 uh nick welcome thanks very much for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00015-00003479-00003751 having me on tyler it's great to be here
XsXj4n-qOaY-00016-00003752-00003943 let's start with your piece with
XsXj4n-qOaY-00017-00003944-00004175 co-authors on whether progress in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00018-00004176-00004454 science has slowed down and you argue
XsXj4n-qOaY-00019-00004455-00004543 that it has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00020-00004544-00004727 i would ask which are the areas where
XsXj4n-qOaY-00021-00004728-00004854 progress in science
XsXj4n-qOaY-00022-00004855-00005247 has not slowed down ooh that's a good
XsXj4n-qOaY-00023-00005248-00005575 that's a good question um
XsXj4n-qOaY-00024-00005576-00005743 wow that's not what i'm normally asked
XsXj4n-qOaY-00025-00005744-00006031 about um where has it not slowed down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00026-00006032-00006286 i mean i guess in some senses i mean i'm
XsXj4n-qOaY-00027-00006287-00006454 not drawing in any deep personal insight
XsXj4n-qOaY-00028-00006455-00006631 here but just looking at the valuations
XsXj4n-qOaY-00029-00006631-00006823 of firms and exciting areas but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00030-00006823-00007039 there's going to be things like ai i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00031-00007040-00007214 mean i guess social media
XsXj4n-qOaY-00032-00007215-00007470 um genetic medicine if i think of what's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00033-00007472-00007598 going on at stanford
XsXj4n-qOaY-00034-00007600-00007774 i know there's a huge explosion of work
XsXj4n-qOaY-00035-00007775-00007927 in stanford several of my
XsXj4n-qOaY-00036-00007928-00008078 friends and colleagues on campus are
XsXj4n-qOaY-00037-00008079-00008223 working on genetic medicine i mean all
XsXj4n-qOaY-00038-00008224-00008423 kinds of amazing things there actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-00039-00008424-00008671 uh wearables so one of my friends here
XsXj4n-qOaY-00040-00008672-00008814 is actually working with
XsXj4n-qOaY-00041-00008815-00009006 apple on getting devices like in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00042-00009007-00009151 apple watcher can
XsXj4n-qOaY-00043-00009152-00009303 check your heart rate and tell you in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00044-00009304-00009487 advance if there's complications in your
XsXj4n-qOaY-00045-00009488-00009687 heart and basically pre-warn you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00046-00009688-00009951 so i don't want to be super pessimistic
XsXj4n-qOaY-00047-00009952-00010103 that all science is dying and you're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00048-00010104-00010231 right you're exactly right
XsXj4n-qOaY-00049-00010232-00010446 in the research we looked at it we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00050-00010447-00010678 showed for example progress on cancer
XsXj4n-qOaY-00051-00010679-00010951 had uh an acceleration in the 80s and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00052-00010952-00011071 90s it's just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00053-00011072-00011214 it seems that field after field
XsXj4n-qOaY-00054-00011215-00011383 eventually starts to decline and there
XsXj4n-qOaY-00055-00011384-00011535 aren't enough new fields
XsXj4n-qOaY-00056-00011536-00011767 that are growing to offset the bulk of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00057-00011768-00011959 the current fields that are declining
XsXj4n-qOaY-00058-00011960-00012159 so if progress in moore's law is slowing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00059-00012160-00012374 down progress in crop yields is slowing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00060-00012375-00012446 down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00061-00012447-00012655 cross-sectionally what is different
XsXj4n-qOaY-00062-00012656-00012822 about the areas where progress in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00063-00012823-00013071 science is speeding up
XsXj4n-qOaY-00064-00013072-00013294 i mean in some senses they're new it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00065-00013295-00013422 just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00066-00013423-00013727 so the you know it seems pretty obvious
XsXj4n-qOaY-00067-00013728-00013958 uh you know this is why it's useful to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00068-00013959-00014103 have economists to look seriously at the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00069-00014104-00014230 data in the sense it seems pretty
XsXj4n-qOaY-00070-00014231-00014391 obvious that individual areas are going
XsXj4n-qOaY-00071-00014391-00014486 to slow down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00072-00014487-00014711 so you know the wheel the wheel was a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00073-00014712-00014894 fantastic innovation but at some point
XsXj4n-qOaY-00074-00014895-00014943 you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00075-00014944-00015127 progress slows down and you know the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00076-00015128-00015327 horse and car and you know core needles
XsXj4n-qOaY-00077-00015328-00015455 and you can just go through innovation
XsXj4n-qOaY-00078-00015456-00015575 after innovation are
XsXj4n-qOaY-00079-00015576-00015750 incredibly important but at some point
XsXj4n-qOaY-00080-00015751-00015911 of course progress in those areas slows
XsXj4n-qOaY-00081-00015912-00015958 down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00082-00015959-00016247 and you mentioned moore's law so the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00083-00016247-00016447 number of transistors you can pack onto
XsXj4n-qOaY-00084-00016448-00016703 a silicon chip has been roughly doubling
XsXj4n-qOaY-00085-00016704-00017015 every two years and that was kinda
XsXj4n-qOaY-00086-00017016-00017255 moore's law and that's been roughly hell
XsXj4n-qOaY-00087-00017256-00017415 constant actually for about 50 years
XsXj4n-qOaY-00088-00017416-00017599 it's just we've been pouring in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00089-00017600-00017775 way more scientists into that so we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00090-00017776-00018014 estimate since the 70s are 18 times more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00091-00018015-00018079 scientists
XsXj4n-qOaY-00092-00018080-00018286 just to hold that constant so in that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00093-00018287-00018439 sense if you're putting in a lot more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00094-00018440-00018655 scientists to generate the same
XsXj4n-qOaY-00095-00018656-00018830 increase in compute power you'd say that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00096-00018831-00019007 progress is slowing down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00097-00019008-00019239 now that all seems obvious that each
XsXj4n-qOaY-00098-00019240-00019503 field is slowing down the question is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00099-00019504-00019663 are there enough new fields that the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00100-00019664-00019822 that are coming into being to offset
XsXj4n-qOaY-00101-00019823-00020014 that and it just appears that at least
XsXj4n-qOaY-00102-00020015-00020319 since the 1950s in the us the answer is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00103-00020320-00020478 no there are new fields coming on board
XsXj4n-qOaY-00104-00020479-00020655 but just not fast enough to offset the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00105-00020656-00020750 decline
XsXj4n-qOaY-00106-00020751-00020967 so right now yeah go ahead how do we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00107-00020968-00021158 know what counts as a new field so you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00108-00021159-00021335 mentioned progress in genetics
XsXj4n-qOaY-00109-00021336-00021575 but mendel was some time ago you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00110-00021576-00021735 mentioned the wheel but tesla
XsXj4n-qOaY-00111-00021736-00021958 now has a phenomenal valuation that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00112-00021959-00022111 the wheel plus electricity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00113-00022112-00022350 electricity is another old sector right
XsXj4n-qOaY-00114-00022351-00022494 so aren't some of the old sectors
XsXj4n-qOaY-00115-00022495-00022822 currently the most dynamic
XsXj4n-qOaY-00116-00022823-00023014 well tesla is the electric motor i mean
XsXj4n-qOaY-00117-00023015-00023175 you're right the electric motor i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00118-00023176-00023294 the first cars
XsXj4n-qOaY-00119-00023295-00023430 again it's not my expertise but i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00120-00023431-00023630 the first cars were
XsXj4n-qOaY-00121-00023631-00023919 in fact electric cars back in like 1900
XsXj4n-qOaY-00122-00023920-00023999 um
XsXj4n-qOaY-00123-00024000-00024191 well whether you call that a new field
XsXj4n-qOaY-00124-00024192-00024327 or an old i mean a part of that is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00125-00024328-00024486 driven the progress is driven on
XsXj4n-qOaY-00126-00024487-00024591 batteries
XsXj4n-qOaY-00127-00024592-00024807 so batteries we looked at this actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-00128-00024808-00024950 one of the there are several areas you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00129-00024951-00025150 looked at in our paper we never act
XsXj4n-qOaY-00130-00025151-00025383 so i had a paper with um chad jones john
XsXj4n-qOaY-00131-00025384-00025550 van rinder and michael webb
XsXj4n-qOaY-00132-00025551-00025750 uh looking at whether innovation
XsXj4n-qOaY-00133-00025751-00025918 productivity is slowing down
XsXj4n-qOaY-00134-00025919-00026150 and we looked at several sectors to try
XsXj4n-qOaY-00135-00026151-00026287 and evaluate this and some of them
XsXj4n-qOaY-00136-00026288-00026479 lacked complete data on either inputs or
XsXj4n-qOaY-00137-00026480-00026670 outputs but one of them is batteries
XsXj4n-qOaY-00138-00026672-00026918 and batteries have made slow but steady
XsXj4n-qOaY-00139-00026919-00026974 progress
XsXj4n-qOaY-00140-00026975-00027135 and recently you know for example
XsXj4n-qOaY-00141-00027136-00027311 lithium-ion batteries are much more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00142-00027312-00027679 effective um but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00143-00027680-00027846 recently batteries have got to the stage
XsXj4n-qOaY-00144-00027847-00027999 where electric cars are feasible because
XsXj4n-qOaY-00145-00028000-00028127 you need to obviously store enough
XsXj4n-qOaY-00146-00028127-00028199 energy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00147-00028200-00028399 so it's not so much the electric motor
XsXj4n-qOaY-00148-00028400-00028535 is a new idea it's that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00149-00028536-00028799 batteries make it possible if you want
XsXj4n-qOaY-00150-00028800-00028935 to ask what areas in you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00151-00028936-00029199 i would you know practically look at say
XsXj4n-qOaY-00152-00029200-00029287 patents
XsXj4n-qOaY-00153-00029288-00029535 so there's an enormous amount of debt or
XsXj4n-qOaY-00154-00029536-00029599 stock you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00155-00029600-00029790 new new companies floating on on the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00156-00029791-00029935 stock market uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00157-00029936-00030167 patents are a very simple way to look at
XsXj4n-qOaY-00158-00030168-00030327 what technologies are new
XsXj4n-qOaY-00159-00030327-00030502 uh in the sense that they add new fields
XsXj4n-qOaY-00160-00030503-00030623 and you look at patterns that doesn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-00161-00030624-00030727 don't seem to patent
XsXj4n-qOaY-00162-00030727-00030887 or cite much that's gone before them
XsXj4n-qOaY-00163-00030888-00031062 they're truly radical and there's a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00164-00031063-00031374 huge research literature on exactly this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00165-00031375-00031551 now if i understand your estimates
XsXj4n-qOaY-00166-00031552-00031727 correctly efficacy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00167-00031727-00031983 per researcher as as you measure it is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00168-00031983-00032199 falling by about five percent a year
XsXj4n-qOaY-00169-00032200-00032431 that seems phenomenally high what's the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00170-00032432-00032623 mechanism that could account for such a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00171-00032624-00032767 rapid decline
XsXj4n-qOaY-00172-00032768-00032935 yeah so the big picture just to make
XsXj4n-qOaY-00173-00032936-00033271 sure uh everyone's on the same page is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00174-00033272-00033479 if you look in the u.s productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00175-00033480-00033615 growth in fact i could go back a lot
XsXj4n-qOaY-00176-00033616-00033727 further it's an interesting
XsXj4n-qOaY-00177-00033728-00033935 you go but much further and you kind of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00178-00033936-00034118 think of european and north american
XsXj4n-qOaY-00179-00034119-00034223 history so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00180-00034224-00034455 you know in the uk that has better data
XsXj4n-qOaY-00181-00034456-00034655 there was very very little productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00182-00034656-00034855 growth until the industrial revolution
XsXj4n-qOaY-00183-00034856-00035055 so you know literally from the time the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00184-00035056-00035262 romans left and whatever you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00185-00035263-00035351 roughly kind of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00186-00035352-00035727 100 a.d until 1750 um
XsXj4n-qOaY-00187-00035728-00035974 technological progress was very slow so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00188-00035975-00036071 sure the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00189-00036072-00036246 the british were you know more advanced
XsXj4n-qOaY-00190-00036247-00036430 at that point but not dramatically
XsXj4n-qOaY-00191-00036431-00036630 so the estimates are like point one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00192-00036631-00036799 percent a year so very low
XsXj4n-qOaY-00193-00036800-00036943 and then so the industrial revolution
XsXj4n-qOaY-00194-00036944-00037071 starts and it starts to speed up and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00195-00037072-00037199 speed up and speed up
XsXj4n-qOaY-00196-00037200-00037383 and you know technological progress in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00197-00037384-00037543 terms of productivity growth peaks in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00198-00037544-00037671 the 1950s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00199-00037672-00037895 at something like three to four percent
XsXj4n-qOaY-00200-00037896-00038143 a year and then has been falling ever
XsXj4n-qOaY-00201-00038144-00038223 since
XsXj4n-qOaY-00202-00038224-00038511 and then you ask you know that that rate
XsXj4n-qOaY-00203-00038512-00038607 of fall
XsXj4n-qOaY-00204-00038608-00038871 uh it's five percent roughly it would
XsXj4n-qOaY-00205-00038872-00038951 have fallen
XsXj4n-qOaY-00206-00038952-00039271 if we held inputs constant but the one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00207-00039272-00039455 thing that's been offsetting that fall
XsXj4n-qOaY-00208-00039456-00039607 in the rate of progress is we've put
XsXj4n-qOaY-00209-00039608-00039767 more more resources into it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00210-00039768-00039974 so again if you think of the u.s the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00211-00039975-00040159 number of research universities has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00212-00040160-00040359 exploded the number of firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-00213-00040360-00040607 having researched labs now thomas edison
XsXj4n-qOaY-00214-00040608-00040767 for example is the first lab
XsXj4n-qOaY-00215-00040768-00040951 about 100 years ago but post-world war
XsXj4n-qOaY-00216-00040952-00041127 two most large american companies have
XsXj4n-qOaY-00217-00041128-00041207 been
XsXj4n-qOaY-00218-00041208-00041455 pushing huge amounts of cash into r d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00219-00041456-00041535 but despite
XsXj4n-qOaY-00220-00041536-00041743 all of that increase in inputs actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-00221-00041744-00041918 productivity growth has been slowing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00222-00041919-00042079 over the last 50 years so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00223-00042080-00042246 that's the sense in which it's harder
XsXj4n-qOaY-00224-00042247-00042383 and harder to find ideas we're putting
XsXj4n-qOaY-00225-00042384-00042527 more inputs into labs
XsXj4n-qOaY-00226-00042528-00042679 but actually productivity growth is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00227-00042680-00042911 falling but let's say paperwork for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00228-00042912-00043055 researchers is increasing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00229-00043056-00043262 bureaucratization is increasing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00230-00043263-00043455 how do we get that to be negative five
XsXj4n-qOaY-00231-00043456-00043639 percent a year as an effect
XsXj4n-qOaY-00232-00043640-00043790 isn't it that we're throwing kryptonite
XsXj4n-qOaY-00233-00043791-00043999 at our top people your productivity is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00234-00044000-00044167 not declining five percent a year
XsXj4n-qOaY-00235-00044168-00044479 or is it i'll hold it aside right
XsXj4n-qOaY-00236-00044480-00044687 cover it aside you know i don't yeah
XsXj4n-qOaY-00237-00044688-00044862 it's hard to tell it's hard to tell your
XsXj4n-qOaY-00238-00044863-00045039 own productivity i mean right
XsXj4n-qOaY-00239-00045040-00045199 it always feels like it i mean oddly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00240-00045200-00045358 enough there's a you know i always feel
XsXj4n-qOaY-00241-00045359-00045511 like oh you know the stuff that i did
XsXj4n-qOaY-00242-00045512-00045646 before was
XsXj4n-qOaY-00243-00045647-00045823 better research ideas and then you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00244-00045824-00045958 something comes up i'd say personally
XsXj4n-qOaY-00245-00045959-00046102 it's a bit it's very stochastic i find
XsXj4n-qOaY-00246-00046103-00046255 it very hard to predict it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00247-00046256-00046479 uh um increasingly comes from working
XsXj4n-qOaY-00248-00046480-00046646 with basically great and often younger
XsXj4n-qOaY-00249-00046647-00046751 co-authors
XsXj4n-qOaY-00250-00046752-00046967 um why is it happening at the aggregate
XsXj4n-qOaY-00251-00046968-00047207 level i think there are three reasons
XsXj4n-qOaY-00252-00047208-00047295 going on
XsXj4n-qOaY-00253-00047296-00047486 so one is actually come back to ben
XsXj4n-qOaY-00254-00047487-00047679 jones uh who had a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00255-00047680-00047846 important paper which is called i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00256-00047847-00047999 believe renaissance man
XsXj4n-qOaY-00257-00048000-00048286 so ah i mean this came out like 15 years
XsXj4n-qOaY-00258-00048287-00048446 ago or something it was
XsXj4n-qOaY-00259-00048447-00048662 the the idea was it takes longer and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00260-00048663-00048823 longer for us to train so just in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00261-00048824-00048983 economics when i first started in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00262-00048984-00049135 economics it was standard to do a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00263-00049136-00049286 four-year phd
XsXj4n-qOaY-00264-00049287-00049558 it's now a six-year phd plus many of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00265-00049559-00049758 phd students have done a pre-doc so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00266-00049759-00049807 they've
XsXj4n-qOaY-00267-00049808-00049999 they've done an extra two years so we're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00268-00050000-00050174 taking three or four years longer just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00269-00050175-00050358 to get to the research frontier
XsXj4n-qOaY-00270-00050359-00050558 so there's so much more knowledge before
XsXj4n-qOaY-00271-00050559-00050735 us it just takes longer to train up so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00272-00050736-00050783 that's one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00273-00050784-00051111 story a second story i've heard
XsXj4n-qOaY-00274-00051112-00051366 is um research is getting more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00275-00051367-00051479 complicated
XsXj4n-qOaY-00276-00051479-00051814 so i remember i sat down with the former
XsXj4n-qOaY-00277-00051815-00052063 ceo of sri stanford research institute
XsXj4n-qOaY-00278-00052064-00052158 which is a big
XsXj4n-qOaY-00279-00052159-00052326 research lab out here that's done many
XsXj4n-qOaY-00280-00052327-00052559 things for example siri came out of sri
XsXj4n-qOaY-00281-00052560-00052775 and he said increasingly it's like
XsXj4n-qOaY-00282-00052776-00052982 interdisciplinary teams now
XsXj4n-qOaY-00283-00052983-00053182 so it used to be you'd have you know one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00284-00053183-00053335 or two scientists could come up with
XsXj4n-qOaY-00285-00053336-00053407 great ideas
XsXj4n-qOaY-00286-00053408-00053679 and now you're having to combine i can't
XsXj4n-qOaY-00287-00053679-00053799 remember what he said for siri but he
XsXj4n-qOaY-00288-00053800-00053911 said you know there are three or four
XsXj4n-qOaY-00289-00053912-00054079 different research groups in sri that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00290-00054079-00054230 have been pulled together to do it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00291-00054232-00054375 and that of course makes it more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00292-00054376-00054591 expensive and or you think of you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00293-00054591-00054791 biogenetics you're kind of combining
XsXj4n-qOaY-00294-00054791-00054999 biology or genetics or bioengineering
XsXj4n-qOaY-00295-00055000-00055215 there's many more cross-field areas
XsXj4n-qOaY-00296-00055216-00055566 and then finally as you say i suspect
XsXj4n-qOaY-00297-00055567-00055799 you know regulation costs various other
XsXj4n-qOaY-00298-00055800-00055942 factors are making it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00299-00055944-00056215 harder to to make you know to undertake
XsXj4n-qOaY-00300-00056216-00056263 research
XsXj4n-qOaY-00301-00056264-00056447 a lot of that's probably good so it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00302-00056448-00056623 less obvious i mean i'd have to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00303-00056624-00056750 look at individual regulations but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00304-00056751-00056871 health and safety for example is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00305-00056872-00057038 probably a good idea but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00306-00057039-00057199 in the same way that is almost certainly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00307-00057200-00057382 making it more expensive to run labs and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00308-00057383-00057494 in fact covid
XsXj4n-qOaY-00309-00057495-00057750 is a huge pushback from talking you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00310-00057751-00057903 i was talking just before the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00311-00057904-00058126 the shutdown to a good friend of mine
XsXj4n-qOaY-00312-00058127-00058342 and she said there's a big lab
XsXj4n-qOaY-00313-00058344-00058654 that has a number of animals and longer
XsXj4n-qOaY-00314-00058655-00058854 running experiments going on and in fact
XsXj4n-qOaY-00315-00058855-00059015 the shutdown has been extremely
XsXj4n-qOaY-00316-00059016-00059103 expensive
XsXj4n-qOaY-00317-00059104-00059247 and when we reopen with social
XsXj4n-qOaY-00318-00059248-00059407 distancing of course the costs are going
XsXj4n-qOaY-00319-00059408-00059519 to go up again
XsXj4n-qOaY-00320-00059520-00059742 so these are all factors pushing on you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00321-00059744-00059926 know your point of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00322-00059927-00060119 regulation is just expensive running
XsXj4n-qOaY-00323-00060120-00060366 research but what if i argued none of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00324-00060367-00060430 those
XsXj4n-qOaY-00325-00060432-00060654 are the central factors because if those
XsXj4n-qOaY-00326-00060655-00060815 were true as the central factors you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00327-00060816-00060959 would expect the wages
XsXj4n-qOaY-00328-00060960-00061175 of scientists especially in the private
XsXj4n-qOaY-00329-00061176-00061342 sector to be declining
XsXj4n-qOaY-00330-00061344-00061550 say by five percent a year but they're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00331-00061551-00061775 not declining they're mostly going up
XsXj4n-qOaY-00332-00061776-00061966 so doesn't the explanation have to be
XsXj4n-qOaY-00333-00061967-00062159 that scientific efforts
XsXj4n-qOaY-00334-00062160-00062359 used to be devoted to public goods much
XsXj4n-qOaY-00335-00062360-00062542 more and now they're being devoted to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00336-00062544-00062663 private goods
XsXj4n-qOaY-00337-00062664-00062838 and that's the only explanation that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00338-00062839-00063103 consistent with rising wages for science
XsXj4n-qOaY-00339-00063104-00063399 but a declining social output from her
XsXj4n-qOaY-00340-00063400-00063630 research for scientific productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00341-00063632-00063847 okay so great question there are two
XsXj4n-qOaY-00342-00063848-00064038 responses before i lose track in it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00343-00064039-00064215 so first is you know i'm about to say i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00344-00064216-00064438 forgot the fourth reason so you're right
XsXj4n-qOaY-00345-00064439-00064799 uh a fourth factor on this could be
XsXj4n-qOaY-00346-00064800-00065015 just as a just as a simple empirical
XsXj4n-qOaY-00347-00065016-00065119 fact the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00348-00065120-00065423 share of r d in the us uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00349-00065424-00065647 and you know europe which we have best
XsXj4n-qOaY-00350-00065648-00065806 figures on this funded by the government
XsXj4n-qOaY-00351-00065807-00065959 has been declining over time
XsXj4n-qOaY-00352-00065960-00066294 so in fact in the us uh when our data
XsXj4n-qOaY-00353-00066295-00066455 when you go back to the 60s roughly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00354-00066456-00066591 two-thirds of it is funded by the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00355-00066592-00066655 government
XsXj4n-qOaY-00356-00066656-00066950 and one-third by private firms and now
XsXj4n-qOaY-00357-00066951-00067047 it's the reverse
XsXj4n-qOaY-00358-00067048-00067231 in fact it always made me wonder when i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00359-00067232-00067391 first pulled out this data six seven
XsXj4n-qOaY-00360-00067392-00067447 years ago
XsXj4n-qOaY-00361-00067448-00067591 it made me wonder about the story of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00362-00067592-00067767 stanford because when i arrived at
XsXj4n-qOaY-00363-00067768-00067926 stanford i was told that stanford
XsXj4n-qOaY-00364-00067927-00068135 pre-war really was like a finishing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00365-00068136-00068350 university it wasn't really a big deal
XsXj4n-qOaY-00366-00068351-00068567 and post-war stanford got its big break
XsXj4n-qOaY-00367-00068568-00068735 because of lots of research from nasa
XsXj4n-qOaY-00368-00068736-00068799 dollars
XsXj4n-qOaY-00369-00068800-00068975 and i was kind of thinking well you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00370-00068976-00069167 government r d is not such a big
XsXj4n-qOaY-00371-00069168-00069343 factor anymore it's mainly private firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-00372-00069344-00069487 and that's because post war
XsXj4n-qOaY-00373-00069488-00069655 it was the big driver and the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00374-00069656-00069823 government's pulled back from r d and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00375-00069824-00069999 private firms have taken over
XsXj4n-qOaY-00376-00070000-00070182 and the reason that's you know the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00377-00070183-00070406 fourth possible driver of the decline
XsXj4n-qOaY-00378-00070407-00070599 in productivity as you point out is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00379-00070600-00070791 government r d tends to be more focused
XsXj4n-qOaY-00380-00070792-00071038 on the r the research and private r d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00381-00071039-00071255 more on the d the development and the r
XsXj4n-qOaY-00382-00071256-00071406 you may have think has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00383-00071407-00071711 more spillovers longer-run benefits uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00384-00071712-00071855 and is what's going to drive longer and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00385-00071856-00071975 growth so yes that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00386-00071976-00072119 that would be another role for policy in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00387-00072120-00072303 fact you know i'm embarrassed i left it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00388-00072304-00072431 out but a big
XsXj4n-qOaY-00389-00072432-00072623 driver would be i mean it feels hard to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00390-00072624-00072799 be saying this being in a university but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00391-00072800-00073087 the government should fund more public r
XsXj4n-qOaY-00392-00073088-00073167 d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00393-00073168-00073311 i can come back and answer this month's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00394-00073312-00073479 wages question if you want but i i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00395-00073480-00073615 i can see you have a question because
XsXj4n-qOaY-00396-00073616-00073838 we're looking at each other on uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00397-00073839-00074062 zoom but if you assign the blame to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00398-00074063-00074167 government
XsXj4n-qOaY-00399-00074168-00074382 ideas are a global public good isn't it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00400-00074383-00074543 true that global governmental
XsXj4n-qOaY-00401-00074544-00074662 expenditure on r
XsXj4n-qOaY-00402-00074663-00074943 d in absolute terms is up even if it may
XsXj4n-qOaY-00403-00074944-00075143 be down as a percentage of budgets or
XsXj4n-qOaY-00404-00075144-00075271 total r d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00405-00075272-00075462 and thus say scientific progress in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00406-00075463-00075647 united states which can draw upon
XsXj4n-qOaY-00407-00075648-00075831 governmental support in china japan
XsXj4n-qOaY-00408-00075832-00075879 india
XsXj4n-qOaY-00409-00075880-00076223 uk switzerland should still be going up
XsXj4n-qOaY-00410-00076224-00076567 and it has to be within private
XsXj4n-qOaY-00411-00076568-00076743 scientific progress that there's a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00412-00076744-00076887 diversion of effort
XsXj4n-qOaY-00413-00076888-00077047 away from public goods and toward more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00414-00077048-00077255 private goods or no
XsXj4n-qOaY-00415-00077256-00077455 no it's a good question i it's certainly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00416-00077456-00077631 true our paper only
XsXj4n-qOaY-00417-00077632-00077855 focused on the us the puzzle gets much
XsXj4n-qOaY-00418-00077856-00078094 harder if you include global r d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00419-00078095-00078462 so uh you see that productivity per
XsXj4n-qOaY-00420-00078463-00078662 researcher or a research dollar is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00421-00078663-00078782 falling in the sense of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00422-00078783-00078975 the rate of progress per dollar we're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00423-00078976-00079143 spending i mean you've looked at i mean
XsXj4n-qOaY-00424-00079144-00079279 just to be clear this is not a new
XsXj4n-qOaY-00425-00079280-00079438 thesis you know you have your book the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00426-00079439-00079575 great stagnation and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00427-00079576-00079759 uh patrick collison for example has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00428-00079760-00079903 worked on this more recently and you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00429-00079904-00080071 know there's jesus is that book the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00430-00080072-00080199 death of science i'm embarrassed i've
XsXj4n-qOaY-00431-00080200-00080367 forgotten who the author was but john
XsXj4n-qOaY-00432-00080368-00080438 horrigan
XsXj4n-qOaY-00433-00080439-00080759 yeah that's it and so the puzzle gets
XsXj4n-qOaY-00434-00080760-00080935 even more extreme if you look globally
XsXj4n-qOaY-00435-00080936-00081015 because of course
XsXj4n-qOaY-00436-00081016-00081311 now i'm sure you know it's it's tricky
XsXj4n-qOaY-00437-00081312-00081343 because
XsXj4n-qOaY-00438-00081344-00081511 europe has become slightly less of a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00439-00081512-00081655 powerhouse but obviously asia has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00440-00081656-00081815 completely taken off and the amount of r
XsXj4n-qOaY-00441-00081816-00081838 d
XsXj4n-qOaY-00442-00081839-00082015 being spent in say india and china has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00443-00082016-00082255 exploded um
XsXj4n-qOaY-00444-00082256-00082591 has that offset the reduction in u.s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00445-00082592-00082767 publicly funded r d certainly it's a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00446-00082768-00082943 share of gdp it's not obvious
XsXj4n-qOaY-00447-00082944-00083143 one reason is there's plenty of evidence
XsXj4n-qOaY-00448-00083144-00083359 on uh knowledge spillovers being
XsXj4n-qOaY-00449-00083360-00083447 localized
XsXj4n-qOaY-00450-00083448-00083615 so there's a lot of evidence for example
XsXj4n-qOaY-00451-00083616-00083718 that you're more likely to co-author
XsXj4n-qOaY-00452-00083719-00083831 with your colleagues and your own
XsXj4n-qOaY-00453-00083832-00083999 university or in the same
XsXj4n-qOaY-00454-00084000-00084143 for i mean i guess the same firm's more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00455-00084144-00084343 obvious but if that was true you may
XsXj4n-qOaY-00456-00084344-00084511 think the transmission of ideas from
XsXj4n-qOaY-00457-00084512-00084591 china to the u.s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00458-00084592-00084831 is less effective than within the us i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00459-00084832-00084959 also don't know if the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00460-00084960-00085167 increase in chinese and indian r d by
XsXj4n-qOaY-00461-00085168-00085343 their government sectors is enough
XsXj4n-qOaY-00462-00085344-00085511 to offset the reduction by the us and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00463-00085512-00085662 whether it's in the right areas
XsXj4n-qOaY-00464-00085663-00085815 it may be that a lot of developing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00465-00085816-00085967 countries r d is more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00466-00085968-00086159 say defense and national security focus
XsXj4n-qOaY-00467-00086160-00086382 which i suspect has lower trade-offs
XsXj4n-qOaY-00468-00086383-00086543 and the nice thing about the us and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00469-00086544-00086687 things like the the national science
XsXj4n-qOaY-00470-00086688-00086767 foundation the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00471-00086768-00087062 ni national institute for health is they
XsXj4n-qOaY-00472-00087063-00087118 would
XsXj4n-qOaY-00473-00087119-00087375 put huge amounts of funding on very
XsXj4n-qOaY-00474-00087376-00087550 basic research to have broad
XsXj4n-qOaY-00475-00087551-00087782 value i mean i mean you know mit
XsXj4n-qOaY-00476-00087783-00088031 researcher goes to the nsf gets funding
XsXj4n-qOaY-00477-00088032-00088215 for research they tend to be focused on
XsXj4n-qOaY-00478-00088216-00088335 very
XsXj4n-qOaY-00479-00088336-00088494 basic things that have interest abroad
XsXj4n-qOaY-00480-00088495-00088687 science and that has i suspect the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00481-00088688-00088871 largest value added
XsXj4n-qOaY-00482-00088872-00089023 apart from possibly giving them more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00483-00089024-00089231 money how should we improve the nsf in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00484-00089232-00089606 the nih
XsXj4n-qOaY-00485-00089607-00089726 you know how can we raise their
XsXj4n-qOaY-00486-00089727-00089959 productivity i mean the more money seems
XsXj4n-qOaY-00487-00089960-00090135 the most obvious part of it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00488-00090136-00090406 um there's obviously secondly how you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00489-00090407-00090503 distribute it and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00490-00090504-00090711 you know again i i remember seeing a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00491-00090712-00090838 couple of papers on
XsXj4n-qOaY-00492-00090839-00091118 how exactly you evaluate research uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00493-00091119-00091287 proposals and it's hard and you know do
XsXj4n-qOaY-00494-00091288-00091335 you get
XsXj4n-qOaY-00495-00091336-00091518 insiders within the field to evaluate
XsXj4n-qOaY-00496-00091519-00091694 who tend to have be more informed but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00497-00091695-00091791 tend to be
XsXj4n-qOaY-00498-00091792-00091926 you know more based towards their own
XsXj4n-qOaY-00499-00091927-00092135 field or outsiders i think the broad
XsXj4n-qOaY-00500-00092136-00092215 issue is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00501-00092216-00092462 i mean i'm not aware of any huge
XsXj4n-qOaY-00502-00092463-00092679 criticisms of how the research agencies
XsXj4n-qOaY-00503-00092680-00092782 hand out their money i'm sure there's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00504-00092783-00092943 lots of quibbling around the edges i've
XsXj4n-qOaY-00505-00092944-00093111 been involved in refereeing for the nsf
XsXj4n-qOaY-00506-00093112-00093215 for example i've always been very
XsXj4n-qOaY-00507-00093216-00093279 impressed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00508-00093280-00093438 the way they've run it and the esrc for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00509-00093439-00093582 example in the uk
XsXj4n-qOaY-00510-00093583-00093767 um i think the big issue is just their
XsXj4n-qOaY-00511-00093768-00093950 budgets their budgets
XsXj4n-qOaY-00512-00093951-00094126 sure are growing but they're not growing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00513-00094127-00094350 nearly as fast as gdp and so as a result
XsXj4n-qOaY-00514-00094351-00094543 government is basically pulling back
XsXj4n-qOaY-00515-00094544-00094806 from r d it's being at some extent
XsXj4n-qOaY-00516-00094807-00095031 replaced by universities
XsXj4n-qOaY-00517-00095032-00095182 so if you think of these elite
XsXj4n-qOaY-00518-00095183-00095447 universities their enormous endowments
XsXj4n-qOaY-00519-00095448-00095559 are partly being
XsXj4n-qOaY-00520-00095560-00095774 funneled into early stage r d and in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00521-00095775-00095871 fact it's why
XsXj4n-qOaY-00522-00095872-00096111 you know another fascinating observation
XsXj4n-qOaY-00523-00096112-00096182 on the us
XsXj4n-qOaY-00524-00096183-00096438 is increasingly growth is being driven
XsXj4n-qOaY-00525-00096439-00096518 by
XsXj4n-qOaY-00526-00096519-00096815 uh kind of knowledge flows out of elite
XsXj4n-qOaY-00527-00096816-00096943 research universities
XsXj4n-qOaY-00528-00096944-00097111 so just even in the stock market the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00529-00097112-00097343 stock market over the last 10 15 years
XsXj4n-qOaY-00530-00097344-00097503 has almost entirely been driven by high
XsXj4n-qOaY-00531-00097504-00097567 tech
XsXj4n-qOaY-00532-00097568-00097743 and you know high tech in many ways you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00533-00097744-00097991 can think of it as clustering around
XsXj4n-qOaY-00534-00097992-00098167 elite u.s research universities so they
XsXj4n-qOaY-00535-00098168-00098311 are stepping into some extent to fill
XsXj4n-qOaY-00536-00098312-00098518 the gap left by government
XsXj4n-qOaY-00537-00098519-00098687 how much of the measured productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00538-00098688-00098879 edge of american multinationals
XsXj4n-qOaY-00539-00098880-00099111 is just tax arbitrage and where profits
XsXj4n-qOaY-00540-00099112-00099382 get assigned to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00541-00099383-00099759 um i you know i i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00542-00099760-00099903 never really thought a huge amount of it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00543-00099904-00100094 was that my personal view i guess this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00544-00100095-00100199 is again
XsXj4n-qOaY-00545-00100200-00100526 biased by my research is american firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-00546-00100527-00100703 in particular just fantastically well
XsXj4n-qOaY-00547-00100704-00100774 managed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00548-00100775-00100943 so i've done a lot of work for many
XsXj4n-qOaY-00549-00100944-00101094 years looking at management practices
XsXj4n-qOaY-00550-00101095-00101279 trying to collect data in cross-country
XsXj4n-qOaY-00551-00101280-00101374 surveys
XsXj4n-qOaY-00552-00101375-00101559 and to explain what i mean management
XsXj4n-qOaY-00553-00101560-00101735 practices you know the basics around you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00554-00101736-00101838 collect information
XsXj4n-qOaY-00555-00101839-00102055 and use it to improve yourself so think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00556-00102056-00102150 of you know lean
XsXj4n-qOaY-00557-00102151-00102303 collecting information all the time and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00558-00102304-00102447 having improvement processes and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00559-00102448-00102542 secondly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00560-00102543-00102886 do you train and promote employees try
XsXj4n-qOaY-00561-00102888-00103015 to provide the best people trying to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00562-00103016-00103134 avoid things like
XsXj4n-qOaY-00563-00103135-00103423 you know promoting family friends or
XsXj4n-qOaY-00564-00103424-00103582 long-serving employees
XsXj4n-qOaY-00565-00103583-00103815 so meritocratic hr systems and i don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-00566-00103816-00103942 say american firms are perfect they're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00567-00103943-00104110 definitely not perfect there are many
XsXj4n-qOaY-00568-00104111-00104263 management scandals but on average
XsXj4n-qOaY-00569-00104264-00104430 american firms are much better managed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00570-00104431-00104590 and they take that with them abroad and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00571-00104591-00104758 there's this whole literature
XsXj4n-qOaY-00572-00104759-00104895 this has been sometimes called dark
XsXj4n-qOaY-00573-00104896-00105086 matter or you know explaining why we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00574-00105088-00105254 seem to have this endless
XsXj4n-qOaY-00575-00105255-00105447 uh negative balance of trade but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00576-00105448-00105599 positive balance on
XsXj4n-qOaY-00577-00105600-00105783 investments abroad american companies
XsXj4n-qOaY-00578-00105783-00106007 seem to make huge profits abroad
XsXj4n-qOaY-00579-00106008-00106199 and one big explanation is they're just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00580-00106200-00106343 exploiting lots of this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00581-00106344-00106510 intangible capital which we think of as
XsXj4n-qOaY-00582-00106511-00106647 good management so american
XsXj4n-qOaY-00583-00106648-00106775 multinationals
XsXj4n-qOaY-00584-00106776-00107047 around the world are well managed and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00585-00107048-00107199 they make a lot of profits where they're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00586-00107200-00107478 located in the uk in france in ghana
XsXj4n-qOaY-00587-00107479-00107686 you know in uh thailand wherever they
XsXj4n-qOaY-00588-00107688-00107910 are and that's helping keep us
XsXj4n-qOaY-00589-00107911-00108151 the u.s economy afloat that return
XsXj4n-qOaY-00590-00108152-00108223 profits
XsXj4n-qOaY-00591-00108224-00108510 so i don't see that as being related to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00592-00108511-00108631 transaction cut
XsXj4n-qOaY-00593-00108632-00108878 transaction pricing it sorry transfer
XsXj4n-qOaY-00594-00108879-00109047 pricing and offshore
XsXj4n-qOaY-00595-00109048-00109231 tax manipulation that is a factor but i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00596-00109232-00109383 think american firms are primarily
XsXj4n-qOaY-00597-00109383-00109543 driven actually by better innovation and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00598-00109544-00109671 better management
XsXj4n-qOaY-00599-00109672-00109847 why hasn't information technology
XsXj4n-qOaY-00600-00109848-00110015 boosted productivity more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00601-00110016-00110254 right so productivity is sluggish it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00602-00110255-00110447 been taking off like crazy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00603-00110448-00110751 companies big business is what uses i.t
XsXj4n-qOaY-00604-00110752-00111039 how do we fit the whole picture together
XsXj4n-qOaY-00605-00111040-00111119 yes so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00606-00111120-00111415 you know this was the uh another kind of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00607-00111416-00111439 uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00608-00111440-00111607 age-old debate goes back to robert
XsXj4n-qOaY-00609-00111608-00111775 solo's quip about we in the new york
XsXj4n-qOaY-00610-00111776-00111983 times he wrote it i think in 86 you see
XsXj4n-qOaY-00611-00111983-00112158 computers everywhere except in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00612-00112159-00112286 productivity figures
XsXj4n-qOaY-00613-00112288-00112599 so you're right um you know paul david
XsXj4n-qOaY-00614-00112600-00112743 and tim bresnan at stanford my
XsXj4n-qOaY-00615-00112744-00112951 colleagues have had various you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00616-00112952-00112983 this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00617-00112983-00113134 again as an old literature about general
XsXj4n-qOaY-00618-00113135-00113302 purpose technologies these technologies
XsXj4n-qOaY-00619-00113303-00113463 that change society and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00620-00113464-00113615 at least two previous ones with the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00621-00113616-00113783 steam engine the electric motor and the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00622-00113783-00113943 big question is why haven't computers
XsXj4n-qOaY-00623-00113944-00114134 done that they seem as transformational
XsXj4n-qOaY-00624-00114135-00114390 as the previous two but we i mean as we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00625-00114391-00114471 discussed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00626-00114472-00114647 productivity growth rates in the us have
XsXj4n-qOaY-00627-00114648-00114831 been declining since the 50s and don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-00628-00114832-00114910 seem to have
XsXj4n-qOaY-00629-00114911-00115158 picked up much anyway with computers i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00630-00115159-00115295 think um
XsXj4n-qOaY-00631-00115296-00115527 the primary reason people make you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00632-00115528-00115678 argue for this is you need to change
XsXj4n-qOaY-00633-00115679-00115863 society in order to exploit this and in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00634-00115864-00116031 fact in an odd way covid
XsXj4n-qOaY-00635-00116032-00116207 the pandemic and working from home is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00636-00116208-00116358 one example of this so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00637-00116359-00116583 all the technology necessary for working
XsXj4n-qOaY-00638-00116583-00116671 from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-00639-00116672-00116839 so just to be clear the email you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00640-00116840-00116975 internet and email
XsXj4n-qOaY-00641-00116976-00117334 are cheap personal computers and video
XsXj4n-qOaY-00642-00117335-00117486 calls have all been around since the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00643-00117488-00117727 late 2000s so the last piece skype
XsXj4n-qOaY-00644-00117728-00117990 came out in 2003 but it isn't until the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00645-00117991-00118166 pandemic that we actually massively
XsXj4n-qOaY-00646-00118167-00118343 embraced working from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-00647-00118344-00118558 why is that i think it's just social
XsXj4n-qOaY-00648-00118559-00118766 norms and firm organizational practices
XsXj4n-qOaY-00649-00118767-00118886 were slow to change
XsXj4n-qOaY-00650-00118888-00119078 so i think something holding back the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00651-00119079-00119231 impact of ict is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00652-00119232-00119471 firms and society doesn't change that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00653-00119472-00119558 rapidly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00654-00119559-00119751 and you know and a good example paul
XsXj4n-qOaY-00655-00119752-00119902 david mentions about
XsXj4n-qOaY-00656-00119903-00120183 um electricity that when electricity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00657-00120183-00120295 came in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00658-00120296-00120583 which i believe is like the 1910 1920s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00659-00120583-00120727 factories were slow to adopt it and the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00660-00120728-00120807 reason was
XsXj4n-qOaY-00661-00120808-00120943 in the older factories where you had a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00662-00120944-00121158 big steam engine or even water wheel
XsXj4n-qOaY-00663-00121159-00121343 it made sense to have the building very
XsXj4n-qOaY-00664-00121344-00121495 vertical so you'd have four stories
XsXj4n-qOaY-00665-00121496-00121599 around this one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00666-00121600-00121807 central shaft which belts would connect
XsXj4n-qOaY-00667-00121808-00122086 to which drove all your mechanical power
XsXj4n-qOaY-00668-00122088-00122254 with electricity instead you can have
XsXj4n-qOaY-00669-00122255-00122447 lots of little localized electric motors
XsXj4n-qOaY-00670-00122448-00122647 which is a large flat building
XsXj4n-qOaY-00671-00122648-00122807 so you know that explains if you look at
XsXj4n-qOaY-00672-00122808-00122975 really old-fashioned factories and like
XsXj4n-qOaY-00673-00122976-00123134 the center of you know manhattan and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00674-00123135-00123271 places where they were built 200 years
XsXj4n-qOaY-00675-00123272-00123407 ago they're very tall buildings
XsXj4n-qOaY-00676-00123408-00123607 modern factories are low slung massive
XsXj4n-qOaY-00677-00123608-00123758 sheds but of course
XsXj4n-qOaY-00678-00123759-00123943 when electricity came in it's very hard
XsXj4n-qOaY-00679-00123944-00124134 to reshape all those buildings and it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00680-00124135-00124310 takes decades and it's kind of like that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00681-00124311-00124423 with reshaping
XsXj4n-qOaY-00682-00124424-00124607 the management organizational structures
XsXj4n-qOaY-00683-00124608-00124734 of society i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00684-00124735-00124958 that's one reason why it's taken so long
XsXj4n-qOaY-00685-00124959-00125095 for it to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00686-00125096-00125366 you know affect productivity so italy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00687-00125367-00125551 has had almost no per capita income
XsXj4n-qOaY-00688-00125552-00125751 growth for about 20 years now
XsXj4n-qOaY-00689-00125752-00125927 is that because of the deficiencies of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00690-00125928-00126214 italian firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-00691-00126215-00126478 italy hasn't changed enough i mean italy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00692-00126479-00126543 is just a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00693-00126544-00126734 you know a productivity basket case when
XsXj4n-qOaY-00694-00126735-00126910 i talk to you know rafaela siddin for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00695-00126911-00127014 example my
XsXj4n-qOaY-00696-00127015-00127199 you know long-term co-author when i talk
XsXj4n-qOaY-00697-00127200-00127351 to her about
XsXj4n-qOaY-00698-00127352-00127558 italian productivity i mean a lot of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00699-00127559-00127695 issues you hear about
XsXj4n-qOaY-00700-00127696-00127958 are regulations you know political
XsXj4n-qOaY-00701-00127959-00128063 instability
XsXj4n-qOaY-00702-00128064-00128383 um challenges of the education system
XsXj4n-qOaY-00703-00128383-00128463 migration
XsXj4n-qOaY-00704-00128464-00128647 i mean you know another thing for italy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00705-00128648-00128831 it's even more so for greece actually is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00706-00128832-00128958 that a lot of southern europe has
XsXj4n-qOaY-00707-00128959-00128999 suffered
XsXj4n-qOaY-00708-00129000-00129175 from a large negative brain drain i know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00709-00129176-00129414 lots of you know highly able italians
XsXj4n-qOaY-00710-00129415-00129614 but they basically tend to you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00711-00129615-00129766 many of them i know that are in the us
XsXj4n-qOaY-00712-00129767-00129983 and the uk and they've left the country
XsXj4n-qOaY-00713-00129983-00130207 because it's poor economic prospects
XsXj4n-qOaY-00714-00130208-00130439 so you know italy is almost the laundry
XsXj4n-qOaY-00715-00130440-00130590 list of what's gone wrong and what not
XsXj4n-qOaY-00716-00130591-00130647 to do
XsXj4n-qOaY-00717-00130648-00130839 um but i think a lot of it comes down to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00718-00130840-00130951 poor government
XsXj4n-qOaY-00719-00130952-00131111 you know that then feeds through into
XsXj4n-qOaY-00720-00131112-00131271 all these policies that make it hard for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00721-00131272-00131366 firms to innovate
XsXj4n-qOaY-00722-00131367-00131607 italy's r d performance isn't great uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-00723-00131608-00131775 it's very uncertain it drives a lot of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00724-00131776-00131927 people abroad the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00725-00131928-00132254 education systems poor what exactly is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00726-00132255-00132439 the value of management consultants
XsXj4n-qOaY-00727-00132440-00132614 because to many outsiders it appears
XsXj4n-qOaY-00728-00132615-00132687 absurd
XsXj4n-qOaY-00729-00132688-00132863 that these not so well-trained young
XsXj4n-qOaY-00730-00132864-00133063 people come in they tell companies what
XsXj4n-qOaY-00731-00133064-00133159 to do
XsXj4n-qOaY-00732-00133160-00133399 sometimes it's even called fraudulent if
XsXj4n-qOaY-00733-00133400-00133559 they command high returns
XsXj4n-qOaY-00734-00133560-00133727 how does this work what's the value
XsXj4n-qOaY-00735-00133728-00133895 added
XsXj4n-qOaY-00736-00133896-00134078 you know i i i don't know if everyone
XsXj4n-qOaY-00737-00134079-00134271 knows but i worked at mckinsey
XsXj4n-qOaY-00738-00134272-00134535 for uh about a year and a half so you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00739-00134536-00134654 know i should state that i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00740-00134655-00134790 no longer work for them i don't take any
XsXj4n-qOaY-00741-00134791-00134919 money for them anymore i mean that was a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00742-00134920-00135078 long time ago that's almost 20 years ago
XsXj4n-qOaY-00743-00135079-00135151 but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00744-00135152-00135439 just from that and from my research you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00745-00135440-00135487 know there's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00746-00135488-00135727 two or three things they do i mean it is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00747-00135728-00135863 true on the negatives to start the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00748-00135864-00136095 negative side the critique that's often
XsXj4n-qOaY-00749-00136096-00136302 thrown at them is they either take the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00750-00136303-00136454 obvious you know they ask to borrow your
XsXj4n-qOaY-00751-00136455-00136607 watch and tell you the time
XsXj4n-qOaY-00752-00136608-00136975 or uh they tell you things that the ceo
XsXj4n-qOaY-00753-00136976-00137039 normally
XsXj4n-qOaY-00754-00137040-00137271 knew but she or he basically didn't want
XsXj4n-qOaY-00755-00137272-00137454 to fess up to tell the workers and it is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00756-00137455-00137551 true that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00757-00137552-00137775 i thought there was some element of that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00758-00137776-00137854 that you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00759-00137855-00138023 there was a one project in particular
XsXj4n-qOaY-00760-00138024-00138199 and i was involved in i remember it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00761-00138200-00138351 seemed to us to be reasonably clear what
XsXj4n-qOaY-00762-00138352-00138407 to do
XsXj4n-qOaY-00763-00138408-00138599 i think it seemed to be reasonably clear
XsXj4n-qOaY-00764-00138600-00138743 to the division ahead what to do but it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00765-00138744-00138887 was hard for her to tell the whole group
XsXj4n-qOaY-00766-00138888-00138951 and you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00767-00138952-00139199 mckinsey came in you know the project
XsXj4n-qOaY-00768-00139200-00139366 was highly successful the division
XsXj4n-qOaY-00769-00139367-00139511 improved dramatically but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00770-00139512-00139711 it was partly we were there to bolster
XsXj4n-qOaY-00771-00139712-00139887 evidence the third element i think is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00772-00139888-00140078 generally useful and i've seen this in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00773-00140079-00140127 you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00774-00140128-00140278 when i think of the randomized control
XsXj4n-qOaY-00775-00140279-00140423 trial and did that in india very hard
XsXj4n-qOaY-00776-00140424-00140607 accenture to work in a number of firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-00777-00140608-00140687 is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00778-00140688-00140887 a lot of uh management improvements
XsXj4n-qOaY-00779-00140888-00141031 aren't that obvious to people on the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00780-00141032-00141111 ground so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00781-00141112-00141359 just to give you one example then back
XsXj4n-qOaY-00782-00141360-00141463 in history
XsXj4n-qOaY-00783-00141464-00141735 after world war ii the big movement in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00784-00141736-00141887 the us was what's called mass
XsXj4n-qOaY-00785-00141888-00142135 uh production so henry ford had you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00786-00142136-00142302 the the production line
XsXj4n-qOaY-00787-00142303-00142487 and the idea is you just scale up get
XsXj4n-qOaY-00788-00142488-00142623 bigger and bigger and bigger and make
XsXj4n-qOaY-00789-00142624-00142775 more and more you know forwards and roll
XsXj4n-qOaY-00790-00142776-00142935 it off in a massive factory
XsXj4n-qOaY-00791-00142936-00143239 set up uh toyota and the japanese
XsXj4n-qOaY-00792-00143240-00143439 uh car manufacturing sector at that time
XsXj4n-qOaY-00793-00143440-00143559 in the 1950s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00794-00143560-00143702 because they're obviously so devastated
XsXj4n-qOaY-00795-00143703-00143919 by the war didn't have access to capital
XsXj4n-qOaY-00796-00143920-00144047 and had to produce things on a small
XsXj4n-qOaY-00797-00144048-00144190 scale and they went for an alternative
XsXj4n-qOaY-00798-00144191-00144326 system called lean
XsXj4n-qOaY-00799-00144327-00144590 and the whole idea of lean is that you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00800-00144591-00144831 try and spot mistakes and immediately
XsXj4n-qOaY-00801-00144832-00145014 you know stop the line it's very painful
XsXj4n-qOaY-00802-00145015-00145159 in the slow run if you stop see a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00803-00145160-00145326 problem in the car you stop it you go
XsXj4n-qOaY-00804-00145327-00145439 through it you figure out and then you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00805-00145440-00145519 restart
XsXj4n-qOaY-00806-00145520-00145678 and it takes time to start off and it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-00807-00145679-00146014 a slow burn but by the 1980s the uh the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00808-00146015-00146175 japanese car factories were clearly
XsXj4n-qOaY-00809-00146176-00146302 starting to dominate they had lower
XsXj4n-qOaY-00810-00146303-00146431 costs and higher quality
XsXj4n-qOaY-00811-00146432-00146590 in fact there's a great mit book called
XsXj4n-qOaY-00812-00146591-00146711 the machine that changed the world that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00813-00146712-00146831 documents that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00814-00146832-00147047 now if you think of the way consultants
XsXj4n-qOaY-00815-00147048-00147271 are operating in the 90s 2000s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00816-00147272-00147463 it isn't obvious to many firms that lean
XsXj4n-qOaY-00817-00147464-00147678 was a far better way to run your factory
XsXj4n-qOaY-00818-00147679-00147814 that you really want to introduce you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00819-00147815-00147951 know these
XsXj4n-qOaY-00820-00147952-00148151 kaizen production processes etc and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00821-00148152-00148335 consultants come in and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00822-00148336-00148463 help you adopt them and it's not just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00823-00148464-00148654 factories healthcare
XsXj4n-qOaY-00824-00148655-00148807 so there's been a huge transformation
XsXj4n-qOaY-00825-00148808-00149047 and lean health whereby when you go and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00826-00149048-00149223 see a doctor you really really don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-00827-00149224-00149390 want them to be process mistakes and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00828-00149391-00149551 lean is actually very good at reducing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00829-00149552-00149647 quality defects
XsXj4n-qOaY-00830-00149648-00149831 improving productivity so that's the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00831-00149832-00149983 area where consultants are great i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00832-00149984-00150095 remember when i was at
XsXj4n-qOaY-00833-00150096-00150263 mckinsey in one of the projects i did
XsXj4n-qOaY-00834-00150264-00150414 with a retailer we had someone that used
XsXj4n-qOaY-00835-00150415-00150551 to work at toyota
XsXj4n-qOaY-00836-00150552-00150735 and this toyota guy had been there for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00837-00150736-00150902 three four years and was just fantastic
XsXj4n-qOaY-00838-00150903-00151111 he went round the retailer and said
XsXj4n-qOaY-00839-00151112-00151239 you know here's the kind of tools we
XsXj4n-qOaY-00840-00151240-00151414 used in toyota and just applied them and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00841-00151415-00151551 it was extremely valuable
XsXj4n-qOaY-00842-00151552-00151735 so that's the positive side of managing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00843-00151736-00151895 consulting
XsXj4n-qOaY-00844-00151896-00152126 highlighting things that maybe exposed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00845-00152127-00152278 after the event are obvious why it works
XsXj4n-qOaY-00846-00152279-00152383 but in advance
XsXj4n-qOaY-00847-00152384-00152678 you know just aren't given the high
XsXj4n-qOaY-00848-00152679-00152751 returns
XsXj4n-qOaY-00849-00152752-00153007 to management advice to india and other
XsXj4n-qOaY-00850-00153008-00153143 emerging economies
XsXj4n-qOaY-00851-00153144-00153319 what's the main constraint that prevents
XsXj4n-qOaY-00852-00153320-00153559 that from being scaled up much more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00853-00153560-00153695 why don't those consultants just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00854-00153696-00153935 transform those management practices
XsXj4n-qOaY-00855-00153936-00154231 and productivity levels it's a great
XsXj4n-qOaY-00856-00154232-00154407 question i've long thought about this
XsXj4n-qOaY-00857-00154408-00154639 i think the biggest well one of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00858-00154640-00154823 major constraints india and nova scotia
XsXj4n-qOaY-00859-00154824-00154951 has been out there a lot
XsXj4n-qOaY-00860-00154952-00155207 um and one of the huge constraints so is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00861-00155208-00155366 the legal system
XsXj4n-qOaY-00862-00155367-00155519 so it sounds but i'll just go through it
XsXj4n-qOaY-00863-00155520-00155799 so in india you know the actual law as
XsXj4n-qOaY-00864-00155800-00155975 it's written down in the statute book is
XsXj4n-qOaY-00865-00155976-00156023 you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00866-00156024-00156271 but it is good there's no obvious issues
XsXj4n-qOaY-00867-00156272-00156390 with it at least as you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00868-00156391-00156559 people i talk to but the big constraint
XsXj4n-qOaY-00869-00156560-00156814 is processing cases through the courts
XsXj4n-qOaY-00870-00156815-00156959 so the courts are dramatically
XsXj4n-qOaY-00871-00156960-00157159 undersupplied in terms of judges
XsXj4n-qOaY-00872-00157160-00157359 and so what happens is it's very slow to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00873-00157360-00157463 process cases
XsXj4n-qOaY-00874-00157464-00157647 through court as a result when you talk
XsXj4n-qOaY-00875-00157648-00157847 to indian firms they're very skeptical
XsXj4n-qOaY-00876-00157848-00158063 of taking any issues through the court
XsXj4n-qOaY-00877-00158064-00158151 system so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00878-00158152-00158302 just to be clear if you're in the u.s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00879-00158303-00158454 and you're a manager and you discover
XsXj4n-qOaY-00880-00158455-00158590 somebody stealing stuff from me you're
XsXj4n-qOaY-00881-00158591-00158814 pretty likely to report it to the police
XsXj4n-qOaY-00882-00158815-00159047 uh and then it goes to the court system
XsXj4n-qOaY-00883-00159048-00159126 that manager
XsXj4n-qOaY-00884-00159127-00159319 faces you know potential prison they
XsXj4n-qOaY-00885-00159320-00159487 clearly lose their job they have a big
XsXj4n-qOaY-00886-00159488-00159647 loss of career earning states
XsXj4n-qOaY-00887-00159648-00159766 so in the first place they probably
XsXj4n-qOaY-00888-00159767-00159999 won't do it and india but if the court
XsXj4n-qOaY-00889-00160000-00160190 if the courts are the binding constraint
XsXj4n-qOaY-00890-00160191-00160359 why doesn't that make all management
XsXj4n-qOaY-00891-00160360-00160535 advice for india worthless
XsXj4n-qOaY-00892-00160536-00160719 why is that particularly an issue with
XsXj4n-qOaY-00893-00160720-00160887 respect to scaling because they all live
XsXj4n-qOaY-00894-00160888-00161007 under that court system
XsXj4n-qOaY-00895-00161008-00161199 oh okay i was going to say well one
XsXj4n-qOaY-00896-00161200-00161326 solution you'd think
XsXj4n-qOaY-00897-00161327-00161607 for you know i i mean i use india but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00898-00161608-00161766 it's basically all developing countries
XsXj4n-qOaY-00899-00161767-00161911 and including honestly large parts of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00900-00161912-00162087 southern europe is private equity
XsXj4n-qOaY-00901-00162088-00162247 so look you see all these badly run
XsXj4n-qOaY-00902-00162248-00162431 firms why doesn't pe come in
XsXj4n-qOaY-00903-00162432-00162583 buy up firms and turn them around the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00904-00162584-00162783 problem is the legal environment is not
XsXj4n-qOaY-00905-00162784-00162863 great so
XsXj4n-qOaY-00906-00162864-00163047 i remember talking to someone that said
XsXj4n-qOaY-00907-00163048-00163335 uh it was blackstone came in a big pe
XsXj4n-qOaY-00908-00163336-00163543 firm bought a large retailer sorry
XsXj4n-qOaY-00909-00163544-00163831 a large apparel manufacturer in india
XsXj4n-qOaY-00910-00163832-00163863 and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00911-00163864-00164047 really struggled because sure they could
XsXj4n-qOaY-00912-00164048-00164207 improve management practices but profit
XsXj4n-qOaY-00913-00164208-00164343 wasn't going up and it was you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00914-00164344-00164447 there's a lot of money
XsXj4n-qOaY-00915-00164448-00164614 basically illegally leaking out of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00916-00164615-00164799 company because the legal system was
XsXj4n-qOaY-00917-00164800-00164975 weak it was hard to turn this around
XsXj4n-qOaY-00918-00164976-00165135 so then you're right the alternative
XsXj4n-qOaY-00919-00165136-00165295 look even if private equity doesn't come
XsXj4n-qOaY-00920-00165296-00165447 in why can't they do organically and
XsXj4n-qOaY-00921-00165448-00165502 they are
XsXj4n-qOaY-00922-00165503-00165695 so to be clear you know management
XsXj4n-qOaY-00923-00165696-00165831 practices in india which i know best
XsXj4n-qOaY-00924-00165832-00165887 have been
XsXj4n-qOaY-00925-00165888-00166087 improving over time there are some very
XsXj4n-qOaY-00926-00166088-00166278 successful indian multinationals like
XsXj4n-qOaY-00927-00166279-00166326 tartar
XsXj4n-qOaY-00928-00166327-00166559 alliance the issue is that isn't scaling
XsXj4n-qOaY-00929-00166560-00166711 is it if you think of it the frontier of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00930-00166712-00166871 management practices is improving every
XsXj4n-qOaY-00931-00166872-00167014 year we're getting better at managing
XsXj4n-qOaY-00932-00167015-00167183 firms in the u.s
XsXj4n-qOaY-00933-00167184-00167351 and below that frontier there are
XsXj4n-qOaY-00934-00167352-00167535 countries that are closer say northern
XsXj4n-qOaY-00935-00167536-00167695 europe that are further say southern
XsXj4n-qOaY-00936-00167696-00167838 europe and even further below the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00937-00167839-00167983 developing world
XsXj4n-qOaY-00938-00167984-00168119 and they're improving too it's just
XsXj4n-qOaY-00939-00168120-00168278 there's a big gap and it takes time for
XsXj4n-qOaY-00940-00168279-00168319 it's like
XsXj4n-qOaY-00941-00168320-00168454 innovation it takes time for it to
XsXj4n-qOaY-00942-00168455-00168678 defuse and a better legal system would
XsXj4n-qOaY-00943-00168679-00168775 accelerate that
XsXj4n-qOaY-00944-00168776-00168911 if you could have you know ruthless
XsXj4n-qOaY-00945-00168912-00169119 private equity backed by you know tough
XsXj4n-qOaY-00946-00169120-00169199 laws
XsXj4n-qOaY-00947-00169200-00169359 i think it would be you know that would
XsXj4n-qOaY-00948-00169360-00169502 be it would be
XsXj4n-qOaY-00949-00169503-00169775 painful uh economically and socially but
XsXj4n-qOaY-00950-00169776-00169926 the growth rate would improve because
XsXj4n-qOaY-00951-00169927-00170031 you'd have much more transfer of
XsXj4n-qOaY-00952-00170032-00170183 management practices
XsXj4n-qOaY-00953-00170184-00170319 you mentioned the machine that changed
XsXj4n-qOaY-00954-00170320-00170535 the world also a favorite book of mine
XsXj4n-qOaY-00955-00170536-00170687 what's another book on management you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00956-00170688-00171023 find especially rewarding
XsXj4n-qOaY-00957-00171024-00171238 uh another book on management you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-00958-00171239-00171407 i'm not a huge book reader having said
XsXj4n-qOaY-00959-00171408-00171559 that i've recently been recently reading
XsXj4n-qOaY-00960-00171560-00171671 hillbilly elegy
XsXj4n-qOaY-00961-00171672-00171895 which is fantastic but i tend to you
XsXj4n-qOaY-00962-00171896-00171999 know it's oddly enough
XsXj4n-qOaY-00963-00172000-00172311 i tend to be a huge reader of news
XsXj4n-qOaY-00964-00172312-00172463 like you know the times the wall street
XsXj4n-qOaY-00965-00172464-00172695 journal the economist the ft
XsXj4n-qOaY-00966-00172696-00172935 uh i think management books i'm sure as
XsXj4n-qOaY-00967-00172936-00173095 soon as the interview's over i'll kick
XsXj4n-qOaY-00968-00173096-00173214 myself and think there was some
XsXj4n-qOaY-00969-00173215-00173375 fantastic book let me repoint the
XsXj4n-qOaY-00970-00173376-00173431 question
XsXj4n-qOaY-00971-00173432-00173631 why are management books so bad if i ask
XsXj4n-qOaY-00972-00173632-00173807 myself if i had to go into a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00973-00173808-00173975 big barnes and noble and had to read all
XsXj4n-qOaY-00974-00173976-00174119 the books in one section
XsXj4n-qOaY-00975-00174120-00174278 management might be the last section i
XsXj4n-qOaY-00976-00174279-00174478 would pick even though i'm an economist
XsXj4n-qOaY-00977-00174479-00174719 and to a more modest extent to manager
XsXj4n-qOaY-00978-00174720-00174935 why is there so much junk in that area
XsXj4n-qOaY-00979-00174936-00175078 it's endogenous that you don't read more
XsXj4n-qOaY-00980-00175079-00175238 of it correct
XsXj4n-qOaY-00981-00175239-00175375 yeah i mean there are great books i'm
XsXj4n-qOaY-00982-00175376-00175519 sure i don't mean to imply they're all
XsXj4n-qOaY-00983-00175520-00175671 terrible i'm sure they're i'm gonna
XsXj4n-qOaY-00984-00175672-00175814 you know as soon as this is over
XsXj4n-qOaY-00985-00175815-00175966 entertainment yeah you go to the history
XsXj4n-qOaY-00986-00175967-00176023 section
XsXj4n-qOaY-00987-00176024-00176175 most of the books are at least pretty
XsXj4n-qOaY-00988-00176176-00176399 good
XsXj4n-qOaY-00989-00176400-00176599 yeah i you know one issue that struck me
XsXj4n-qOaY-00990-00176600-00176743 when i got into management in the first
XsXj4n-qOaY-00991-00176744-00176878 place so just to explain what i've been
XsXj4n-qOaY-00992-00176879-00177047 doing for years i've been working with a
XsXj4n-qOaY-00993-00177048-00177231 huge coalition of people so i mentioned
XsXj4n-qOaY-00994-00177232-00177375 rafaela sadin
XsXj4n-qOaY-00995-00177376-00177590 uh john van rin and henata limos
XsXj4n-qOaY-00996-00177591-00177775 danielska eric quinn jose and lucha
XsXj4n-qOaY-00997-00177776-00177919 foster there's a huge group of us scott
XsXj4n-qOaY-00998-00177920-00178038 olmacher that have been
XsXj4n-qOaY-00999-00178039-00178278 trying to measure management practices
XsXj4n-qOaY-01000-00178279-00178366 across
XsXj4n-qOaY-01001-00178367-00178543 firms and countries just very
XsXj4n-qOaY-01002-00178544-00178751 methodically in some ways very boringly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01003-00178752-00178911 running and we must have surveyed
XsXj4n-qOaY-01004-00178912-00179087 several million organizations by now to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01005-00179088-00179238 create a big data set and we take
XsXj4n-qOaY-01006-00179239-00179471 populations of firms run these surveys
XsXj4n-qOaY-01007-00179472-00179623 collect data and compare them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01008-00179624-00179863 now that was just you know most of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01009-00179864-00180038 books that i read that are popular
XsXj4n-qOaY-01010-00180039-00180207 good to great and built to last and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01011-00180208-00180399 things like this are generally based on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01012-00180400-00180607 individual anecdotes and case studies
XsXj4n-qOaY-01013-00180608-00180814 and i think that's quite i mean it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01014-00180815-00180911 great for teaching
XsXj4n-qOaY-01015-00180912-00181063 i use case studies and have a business
XsXj4n-qOaY-01016-00181064-00181214 called case studies all the time to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01017-00181215-00181407 teach because it's very inspirational
XsXj4n-qOaY-01018-00181408-00181614 but you know they're always positive
XsXj4n-qOaY-01019-00181615-00181766 stories of how you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01020-00181767-00181975 mrs you know x or mr white turned the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01021-00181976-00182166 firm around but they're not great for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01022-00182167-00182343 research and the reason is i know from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01023-00182344-00182495 personal experience having to write one
XsXj4n-qOaY-01024-00182496-00182583 case study
XsXj4n-qOaY-01025-00182584-00182799 i wrote a case study on a firm that i'd
XsXj4n-qOaY-01026-00182800-00182926 uh was owned by
XsXj4n-qOaY-01027-00182927-00183119 uh someone that was in my stanford mba
XsXj4n-qOaY-01028-00183120-00183247 course uh called
XsXj4n-qOaY-01029-00183248-00183383 curtis and it's called the challenge of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01030-00183384-00183551 change and the problem was we wrote this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01031-00183552-00183711 case that it was a fascinating company
XsXj4n-qOaY-01032-00183712-00183878 that actually eventually got taken over
XsXj4n-qOaY-01033-00183879-00184054 by private equity in india and they
XsXj4n-qOaY-01034-00184055-00184302 were huge very successful apparel firm
XsXj4n-qOaY-01035-00184303-00184535 um but we had to get legal sign off from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01036-00184536-00184702 everyone involved so we interviewed six
XsXj4n-qOaY-01037-00184703-00184823 or seven people and they all had to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01038-00184824-00184966 legally sign off and say
XsXj4n-qOaY-01039-00184967-00185166 they were fine with using the material
XsXj4n-qOaY-01040-00185167-00185319 you can imagine what that does
XsXj4n-qOaY-01041-00185320-00185519 for selection effects it means that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01042-00185520-00185687 basically these books
XsXj4n-qOaY-01043-00185688-00185847 are only you know it's very hard for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01044-00185848-00186063 them to get proper information on firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-01045-00186064-00186223 that do badly because they refuse you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01046-00186224-00186399 know they threaten lawsuits so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01047-00186400-00186575 i think a lot of management research is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01048-00186576-00186735 correct you know most of these books are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01049-00186736-00186838 probably saying the right thing the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01050-00186839-00186919 problem is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01051-00186920-00187102 but every story you want to come up with
XsXj4n-qOaY-01052-00187103-00187247 every theory there's a book supporting
XsXj4n-qOaY-01053-00187248-00187414 it so it's kind of hard to know where to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01054-00187415-00187478 look
XsXj4n-qOaY-01055-00187479-00187750 what we really need ideally is you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01056-00187751-00187799 what we're trying
XsXj4n-qOaY-01057-00187800-00187926 to build i wouldn't say it's our
XsXj4n-qOaY-01058-00187927-00188071 research but more our data that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01059-00188072-00188135 hopefully
XsXj4n-qOaY-01060-00188136-00188287 people will use because it's publicly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01061-00188288-00188495 available data is to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01062-00188496-00188647 you know say look here are five
XsXj4n-qOaY-01063-00188648-00188790 hypotheses and management is this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01064-00188791-00188959 supported in large-scale data i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-01065-00188960-00189102 that would put more discipline on it and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01066-00189103-00189278 then therefore put more credibility on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01067-00189279-00189407 these books
XsXj4n-qOaY-01068-00189408-00189583 if teaching management techniques to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01069-00189584-00189759 companies are so effective
XsXj4n-qOaY-01070-00189760-00189990 can we expect similarly large gains to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01071-00189991-00190175 teaching personal productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-01072-00190176-00190343 techniques to individuals
XsXj4n-qOaY-01073-00190344-00190526 who if anything should absorb it more
XsXj4n-qOaY-01074-00190527-00190735 rapidly right no collective action
XsXj4n-qOaY-01075-00190736-00190831 problem
XsXj4n-qOaY-01076-00190832-00191063 but it seems overall self-help books
XsXj4n-qOaY-01077-00191064-00191150 life coaching
XsXj4n-qOaY-01078-00191151-00191390 they seem pretty ineffective how do we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01079-00191391-00191599 square that larger picture
XsXj4n-qOaY-01080-00191600-00191759 i'm not sure they're pretty i don't know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01081-00191760-00191959 how i'd evaluate it there is a large
XsXj4n-qOaY-01082-00191960-00192159 you know i can flip it around i take the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01083-00192160-00192335 economist take i'm going to kind of take
XsXj4n-qOaY-01084-00192336-00192478 your line on this which is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01085-00192479-00192687 there is an enormous volume of like
XsXj4n-qOaY-01086-00192688-00192959 self-help books and podcasts and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01087-00192960-00193214 newsreels etc and the fact that they
XsXj4n-qOaY-01088-00193215-00193375 exist means people are spending a lot of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01089-00193376-00193399 time
XsXj4n-qOaY-01090-00193400-00193590 reading them and i presume if you assume
XsXj4n-qOaY-01091-00193591-00193726 that people are rational means they get
XsXj4n-qOaY-01092-00193727-00193807 value out of it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01093-00193808-00193935 i actually find these things quite
XsXj4n-qOaY-01094-00193936-00194150 useful i'm not sure i absorb most of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01095-00194151-00194214 tips
XsXj4n-qOaY-01096-00194215-00194366 but you know i guess my mental model is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01097-00194367-00194550 like i listen to some i mean i don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01098-00194551-00194711 tend to listen to self-help podcasts but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01099-00194712-00194831 i read a lot
XsXj4n-qOaY-01100-00194832-00195054 and i read something there maybe 10 tips
XsXj4n-qOaY-01101-00195055-00195254 in there in fact before the podcast was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01102-00195255-00195375 uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-01103-00195376-00195654 you know started i was talking to dallas
XsXj4n-qOaY-01104-00195655-00195719 your you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01105-00195720-00195935 your producer and she was she'd sent me
XsXj4n-qOaY-01106-00195936-00196054 this whole list of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01107-00196055-00196159 things on what to do with your
XsXj4n-qOaY-01108-00196160-00196350 microphone and video and i had read it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01109-00196351-00196383 all
XsXj4n-qOaY-01110-00196384-00196535 in fact she concluded the link that i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01111-00196536-00196678 went onto that i found a couple of them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01112-00196679-00196799 really useful i'd say
XsXj4n-qOaY-01113-00196800-00196990 90 of them i'd seen or maybe it wasn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01114-00196991-00197175 applicable but 10 were great
XsXj4n-qOaY-01115-00197176-00197366 so i actually think they potentially are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01116-00197367-00197550 quite helpful um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01117-00197551-00197759 the issue is maybe on the evidence base
XsXj4n-qOaY-01118-00197760-00197919 again to you know as an economist
XsXj4n-qOaY-01119-00197920-00198102 ideally you'd have an rct how you'd
XsXj4n-qOaY-01120-00198103-00198254 execute it's not obvious but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01121-00198255-00198431 you know you may take a thousand you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01122-00198432-00198614 know americans or you know a thousand
XsXj4n-qOaY-01123-00198615-00198783 spanish spaniards or something some
XsXj4n-qOaY-01124-00198784-00198871 sample and then
XsXj4n-qOaY-01125-00198872-00199071 give 500 of them intensive self-help
XsXj4n-qOaY-01126-00199072-00199238 coaching for a month and see what
XsXj4n-qOaY-01127-00199239-00199366 happens i mean quite possibly somebody's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01128-00199367-00199559 done this i don't you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01129-00199560-00199750 you know may exist but that would be my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01130-00199751-00199863 way to evaluate
XsXj4n-qOaY-01131-00199864-00200071 these kind of interventions then you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01132-00200072-00200238 must think people are remarkably
XsXj4n-qOaY-01133-00200239-00200399 productive and effective because
XsXj4n-qOaY-01134-00200400-00200550 self-help books are very cheap
XsXj4n-qOaY-01135-00200551-00200711 the advice to alice sent you that was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01136-00200712-00200902 for free so if you think of it in terms
XsXj4n-qOaY-01137-00200903-00201031 of marginal value
XsXj4n-qOaY-01138-00201032-00201263 given the low price the marginal gains
XsXj4n-qOaY-01139-00201264-00201383 to being more
XsXj4n-qOaY-01140-00201384-00201590 productive personally well you must be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01141-00201591-00201743 very close to the frontier
XsXj4n-qOaY-01142-00201744-00201911 right but that strikes me as
XsXj4n-qOaY-01143-00201912-00202095 counter-intuitive i see people
XsXj4n-qOaY-01144-00202096-00202254 sort of screwing up all the time not
XsXj4n-qOaY-01145-00202255-00202431 realizing their potential i think the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01146-00202432-00202543 market for talent
XsXj4n-qOaY-01147-00202544-00202726 is remarkably inefficient and that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01148-00202727-00203014 people don't do their very best
XsXj4n-qOaY-01149-00203015-00203278 well i this there's two issues i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-01150-00203279-00203438 one is you gotta consider what would be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01151-00203439-00203543 like without it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01152-00203544-00203863 so uh you know humanity is dramatically
XsXj4n-qOaY-01153-00203864-00204031 more productive than it was and some of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01154-00204032-00204159 it could be self-help
XsXj4n-qOaY-01155-00204160-00204343 the other issue is i think this uh you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01156-00204344-00204519 know unknown unknowns the problem is you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01157-00204520-00204654 don't know what you don't know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01158-00204655-00204975 and just again as a personal anecdote um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01159-00204976-00205103 i always thought i was reasonably given
XsXj4n-qOaY-01160-00205104-00205494 energy you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01161-00205496-00205703 kind of energy efficiency in my brother
XsXj4n-qOaY-01162-00205704-00205862 came round you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01163-00205863-00206031 before covid and point there was a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01164-00206032-00206166 couple of years ago and pointed out look
XsXj4n-qOaY-01165-00206167-00206319 i should be using led bulbs throughout
XsXj4n-qOaY-01166-00206319-00206462 the entire house rather than the old
XsXj4n-qOaY-01167-00206463-00206766 halogen or cfl fluorescent ones and you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01168-00206767-00206903 know my brother's an engineer and i kind
XsXj4n-qOaY-01169-00206904-00207055 of sat down and went through the numbers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01170-00207056-00207103 and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01171-00207104-00207279 it paid off within two to three years
XsXj4n-qOaY-01172-00207280-00207414 and that's clearly a fantastic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01173-00207415-00207575 rate of return and so pretty rapidly i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01174-00207576-00207719 switched out every single bulb in my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01175-00207719-00207823 house to led
XsXj4n-qOaY-01176-00207823-00207990 but you know i didn't know it until
XsXj4n-qOaY-01177-00207991-00208134 someone had pointed it out x post it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01178-00208135-00208255 seems kind of obvious i could have
XsXj4n-qOaY-01179-00208256-00208358 easily gone to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01180-00208359-00208542 you know amazon and worked out the cost
XsXj4n-qOaY-01181-00208544-00208703 of it worked that electricity uses and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01182-00208704-00208831 done the calculation i just never
XsXj4n-qOaY-01183-00208832-00208927 thought of it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01184-00208928-00209175 so a lot of this just is like dallas's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01185-00209176-00209327 recommendations i can't remember what
XsXj4n-qOaY-01186-00209328-00209390 she said
XsXj4n-qOaY-01187-00209391-00209542 there's various things that's it she
XsXj4n-qOaY-01188-00209544-00209703 said you're using this microphone turn
XsXj4n-qOaY-01189-00209704-00209767 the gain
XsXj4n-qOaY-01190-00209767-00209934 thing down to zero i didn't realize that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01191-00209935-00210134 and there was a knob at the back of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01192-00210135-00210310 microphone i'd never even looked at
XsXj4n-qOaY-01193-00210311-00210471 i then looked at it and thought oh yeah
XsXj4n-qOaY-01194-00210471-00210598 there is that you know turned it down to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01195-00210600-00210839 zero and hopefully it sounds okay but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01196-00210840-00210998 i think a lot of it is honestly see this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01197-00211000-00211158 in firms all the time when we were out
XsXj4n-qOaY-01198-00211159-00211246 in india
XsXj4n-qOaY-01199-00211248-00211398 or when i was in mckinsey you'd often
XsXj4n-qOaY-01200-00211400-00211615 give pieces of advice and exposed it was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01201-00211616-00211710 really useful
XsXj4n-qOaY-01202-00211711-00211934 so for example just as another concrete
XsXj4n-qOaY-01203-00211935-00212103 piece of you know analysis when i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01204-00212104-00212198 out in india a big
XsXj4n-qOaY-01205-00212200-00212358 issue and a lot of modern management is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01206-00212359-00212567 quality defects so we went
XsXj4n-qOaY-01207-00212567-00212734 these companies or large companies
XsXj4n-qOaY-01208-00212735-00212919 making say fabric
XsXj4n-qOaY-01209-00212919-00213071 that goes into making shirts and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01210-00213071-00213246 trousers and you know upholstery
XsXj4n-qOaY-01211-00213248-00213342 coverings
XsXj4n-qOaY-01212-00213344-00213582 and a lot of the learnings from coming
XsXj4n-qOaY-01213-00213583-00213782 out originally from japan is you should
XsXj4n-qOaY-01214-00213783-00213967 you know zero in and quality defects and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01215-00213967-00214103 fix them instantly so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01216-00214104-00214294 essentially said look your factory over
XsXj4n-qOaY-01217-00214296-00214455 100 loom so we're going to take
XsXj4n-qOaY-01218-00214456-00214639 you know six looms at the back row and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01219-00214640-00214855 have a quality defect index and have a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01220-00214856-00215103 quality control process a kaizen process
XsXj4n-qOaY-01221-00215104-00215294 and after two to four weeks it was so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01222-00215296-00215527 effective in spotting repeated issues
XsXj4n-qOaY-01223-00215528-00215679 that the factory owner said this is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01224-00215680-00215855 great it's worth the effort setting up
XsXj4n-qOaY-01225-00215856-00216046 this qdi index and this committee we're
XsXj4n-qOaY-01226-00216048-00216151 just going to roll it out to the whole
XsXj4n-qOaY-01227-00216152-00216231 factory but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01228-00216232-00216415 in advance they were skeptical so i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01229-00216416-00216575 think that's you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01230-00216576-00216710 there was so many things in life
XsXj4n-qOaY-01231-00216711-00216823 unfortunately we just don't know what we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01232-00216823-00216975 don't know and so we're skeptical on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01233-00216976-00217094 advice
XsXj4n-qOaY-01234-00217096-00217231 how about this are you on chinese
XsXj4n-qOaY-01235-00217232-00217479 management
XsXj4n-qOaY-01236-00217480-00217727 chinese management has in you know i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01237-00217728-00217910 don't have fantastic recent data so i'll
XsXj4n-qOaY-01238-00217911-00218094 give you my best data we surveyed them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01239-00218096-00218206 last
XsXj4n-qOaY-01240-00218207-00218534 on you know at scale in 2005
XsXj4n-qOaY-01241-00218535-00218703 at that point they were roughly in line
XsXj4n-qOaY-01242-00218704-00218903 with gdp they were okay they weren't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01243-00218904-00218982 fantastic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01244-00218983-00219134 i've had some other surveys that are not
XsXj4n-qOaY-01245-00219135-00219334 internationally comparable more recently
XsXj4n-qOaY-01246-00219335-00219446 they're pretty good i have to say
XsXj4n-qOaY-01247-00219448-00219575 manufacturing
XsXj4n-qOaY-01248-00219576-00219782 um a lot of what drives good management
XsXj4n-qOaY-01249-00219783-00219903 practices is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01250-00219904-00220094 being large being being around for a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01251-00220096-00220279 while being open to competition
XsXj4n-qOaY-01252-00220280-00220534 i know china has and having educated
XsXj4n-qOaY-01253-00220535-00220687 employees and china has those
XsXj4n-qOaY-01254-00220688-00220887 inputs so a lot of their manufacturing
XsXj4n-qOaY-01255-00220888-00221015 firms in particular are big
XsXj4n-qOaY-01256-00221016-00221191 they're competing ferociously with other
XsXj4n-qOaY-01257-00221192-00221327 companies they actually china's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01258-00221328-00221446 education systems
XsXj4n-qOaY-01259-00221448-00221679 churning out vast numbers of engineers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01260-00221680-00221782 um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01261-00221783-00221982 and they've been operating enough quite
XsXj4n-qOaY-01262-00221983-00222198 a while i suspect at this point now
XsXj4n-qOaY-01263-00222200-00222455 chinese manufacturing management is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01264-00222456-00222598 pretty good actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-01265-00222600-00222758 it's harder to tell in other sectors
XsXj4n-qOaY-01266-00222759-00222846 particularly those are not
XsXj4n-qOaY-01267-00222848-00222982 internationally comparable you know the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01268-00222983-00223215 financial services who knows it's much
XsXj4n-qOaY-01269-00223216-00223439 that's harder to evaluate but typically
XsXj4n-qOaY-01270-00223440-00223591 if you want to look for well-run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01271-00223592-00223671 companies
XsXj4n-qOaY-01272-00223671-00223903 you know its size com levels high levels
XsXj4n-qOaY-01273-00223904-00224110 of competition open to trade educated
XsXj4n-qOaY-01274-00224111-00224303 employees no family firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-01275-00224304-00224519 where it's handed down by promo janitor
XsXj4n-qOaY-01276-00224519-00224719 you know the eldest son inherits it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01277-00224719-00225031 uh if you you know go into the sectors
XsXj4n-qOaY-01278-00225032-00225158 that don't have these issues then you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01279-00225159-00225294 tend to see very good management and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01280-00225296-00225431 china typically tick
XsXj4n-qOaY-01281-00225432-00225687 most of those boxes manufacturing over
XsXj4n-qOaY-01282-00225688-00225879 20 years ago your stanford colleague
XsXj4n-qOaY-01283-00225880-00226094 frank fukuyama wrote a book on trust
XsXj4n-qOaY-01284-00226096-00226279 and he basically said well china will
XsXj4n-qOaY-01285-00226280-00226463 never have successful large firms in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01286-00226464-00226591 way that japan does
XsXj4n-qOaY-01287-00226592-00226734 because there's not enough trust in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01288-00226735-00226927 chinese society that seemed
XsXj4n-qOaY-01289-00226928-00227142 plausible at the time yet obviously it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01290-00227144-00227255 turned out to be wrong
XsXj4n-qOaY-01291-00227256-00227463 i mean what did we miss about china
XsXj4n-qOaY-01292-00227464-00227582 since you emphasized
XsXj4n-qOaY-01293-00227583-00227791 trust and corruption and ability to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01294-00227792-00227967 delegate authority without too many
XsXj4n-qOaY-01295-00227967-00228151 bureaucratic checks and balances
XsXj4n-qOaY-01296-00228152-00228334 and exxonte china seemed bad on all
XsXj4n-qOaY-01297-00228335-00228542 those things and yet
XsXj4n-qOaY-01298-00228544-00228727 chinese big business has done pretty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01299-00228728-00228934 phenomenally well
XsXj4n-qOaY-01300-00228935-00229206 a lot of trust i think derives from rule
XsXj4n-qOaY-01301-00229207-00229446 of law and so in china the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01302-00229448-00229575 again i mean this is getting sensitive
XsXj4n-qOaY-01303-00229576-00229806 into politics but there's law around
XsXj4n-qOaY-01304-00229807-00229903 rule of law ram
XsXj4n-qOaY-01305-00229904-00230063 political system which i really don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01306-00230064-00230206 want to comment on but there's rule of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01307-00230207-00230375 law around things like contractual
XsXj4n-qOaY-01308-00230376-00230487 enforcement
XsXj4n-qOaY-01309-00230488-00230798 um which turns out to be important for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01310-00230800-00231063 trust between firms so you know if you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01311-00231064-00231127 tyler
XsXj4n-qOaY-01312-00231128-00231287 and set up a company and give me a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01313-00231288-00231446 contract for three years from providing
XsXj4n-qOaY-01314-00231448-00231551 ball bearings
XsXj4n-qOaY-01315-00231552-00231694 i'm going to go and put a bit of money
XsXj4n-qOaY-01316-00231696-00231871 into r d and improving them set up a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01317-00231871-00231942 process
XsXj4n-qOaY-01318-00231944-00232134 if you then you know say after six
XsXj4n-qOaY-01319-00232135-00232294 months i've changed my mind can i see
XsXj4n-qOaY-01320-00232296-00232439 you and get the money back
XsXj4n-qOaY-01321-00232440-00232606 and if i can effectively do it through
XsXj4n-qOaY-01322-00232607-00232791 the court system i can trust you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01323-00232792-00232975 so that's maybe a kind of odd concept of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01324-00232976-00233182 trust it's not an it's not based on some
XsXj4n-qOaY-01325-00233183-00233246 you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01326-00233248-00233415 cultural religious thing it's based on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01327-00233416-00233591 the fact that the legal system works and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01328-00233592-00233671 if you look in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01329-00233671-00233839 for example the world value server which
XsXj4n-qOaY-01330-00233840-00234039 measures interpersonal trust
XsXj4n-qOaY-01331-00234040-00234206 trust measured there is highly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01332-00234207-00234358 correlated with
XsXj4n-qOaY-01333-00234359-00234575 um the effectiveness of the legal system
XsXj4n-qOaY-01334-00234576-00234719 so some of the lowest countries in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01335-00234719-00234831 world
XsXj4n-qOaY-01336-00234832-00235046 in terms of trust are some of the you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01337-00235048-00235134 know the african
XsXj4n-qOaY-01338-00235135-00235327 countries whereby the legal systems in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01339-00235328-00235479 chaos because they're undergoing civil
XsXj4n-qOaY-01340-00235480-00235567 war and the highest
XsXj4n-qOaY-01341-00235567-00235734 countries are like norway sweden north
XsXj4n-qOaY-01342-00235735-00235903 america so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01343-00235904-00236127 i you know currently in china the rule
XsXj4n-qOaY-01344-00236128-00236294 of law is applied to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01345-00236296-00236494 commercial contracts i think is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01346-00236496-00236710 reasonable i'm not an expert but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01347-00236711-00236863 you don't hear endless stories of you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01348-00236864-00237006 know scandals and corruption at least
XsXj4n-qOaY-01349-00237007-00237046 those
XsXj4n-qOaY-01350-00237048-00237191 commercial contracts go and i think
XsXj4n-qOaY-01351-00237192-00237358 that's what enables these large firms to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01352-00237359-00237415 grow
XsXj4n-qOaY-01353-00237416-00237606 when we've collected survey evidence you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01354-00237607-00237751 know in reverse we definitely don't hear
XsXj4n-qOaY-01355-00237752-00237879 endless stories of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01356-00237880-00238079 managers ripping off firms and stealing
XsXj4n-qOaY-01357-00238080-00238231 ideas which is a big problem
XsXj4n-qOaY-01358-00238232-00238431 so just to reverse it around what
XsXj4n-qOaY-01359-00238432-00238623 happens in countries with very
XsXj4n-qOaY-01360-00238623-00238782 weak legal systems where you can't trust
XsXj4n-qOaY-01361-00238783-00238998 anyone is you hire your family members
XsXj4n-qOaY-01362-00239000-00239142 so if i want to set up a company and i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01363-00239144-00239334 can't trust any outsiders i start to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01364-00239335-00239455 stuff it full of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01365-00239456-00239631 you know sons daughters brothers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01366-00239632-00239823 brothers-in-laws sisters sisters aunts
XsXj4n-qOaY-01367-00239823-00239942 uncles etc
XsXj4n-qOaY-01368-00239944-00240134 now that's good because i can trust them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01369-00240135-00240279 but the problem is you know these people
XsXj4n-qOaY-01370-00240280-00240446 aren't actually the best managers to run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01371-00240448-00240615 the place and of course as i get bigger
XsXj4n-qOaY-01372-00240616-00240679 and bigger
XsXj4n-qOaY-01373-00240680-00240863 i'm i'm running out of good family
XsXj4n-qOaY-01374-00240864-00241079 members so do i appoint a second cousin
XsXj4n-qOaY-01375-00241080-00241358 or that pretty incompetent you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01376-00241359-00241503 younger son of mine and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01377-00241504-00241639 you know you can imagine the trade-offs
XsXj4n-qOaY-01378-00241640-00241830 are going on but it means that unless
XsXj4n-qOaY-01379-00241831-00242006 you have a proper legal system and prop
XsXj4n-qOaY-01380-00242007-00242182 you know which in generates trust it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01381-00242183-00242358 very hard to grow large firms without
XsXj4n-qOaY-01382-00242359-00242527 professional managers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01383-00242528-00242679 how do you think about trust and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01384-00242680-00242839 management in england
XsXj4n-qOaY-01385-00242840-00243191 versus trust and management in scotland
XsXj4n-qOaY-01386-00243192-00243463 oh my you know i don't know my wife is a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01387-00243464-00243519 scot
XsXj4n-qOaY-01388-00243519-00243823 yeah of course my mom is scottish so i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01389-00243823-00243942 don't think they're that different
XsXj4n-qOaY-01390-00243944-00243991 actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-01391-00243992-00244206 i mean having now lived in the us even
XsXj4n-qOaY-01392-00244207-00244406 the us uk difference i don't think is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01393-00244407-00244510 enormous having
XsXj4n-qOaY-01394-00244511-00244623 you know increasing that travel around
XsXj4n-qOaY-01395-00244623-00244775 the world you realize that there are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01396-00244776-00244982 huge differences there are huge
XsXj4n-qOaY-01397-00244983-00245103 differences between northern and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01398-00245104-00245263 southern europe that strikes me as quite
XsXj4n-qOaY-01399-00245264-00245382 striking actually
XsXj4n-qOaY-01400-00245383-00245630 um you know england and scotland are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01401-00245631-00245719 very similar we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01402-00245719-00245967 effectively have the same legal system
XsXj4n-qOaY-01403-00245967-00246119 you know the same educational standards
XsXj4n-qOaY-01404-00246119-00246215 my mother-in-law
XsXj4n-qOaY-01405-00246216-00246391 who's in glasgow i should send you this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01406-00246392-00246551 podcast will probably kill me for saying
XsXj4n-qOaY-01407-00246552-00246663 that but you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01408-00246664-00246919 uh the scots i should point out i've had
XsXj4n-qOaY-01409-00246919-00247087 some of the most successful you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01410-00247088-00247223 members of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01411-00247223-00247487 uh british you know the kind of british
XsXj4n-qOaY-01412-00247488-00247671 government like gordon brown and various
XsXj4n-qOaY-01413-00247671-00247758 prime ministers they've
XsXj4n-qOaY-01414-00247759-00248039 overrepresented but i i don't think
XsXj4n-qOaY-01415-00248040-00248167 they're very different i think in fact
XsXj4n-qOaY-01416-00248167-00248375 in reverse they're really pretty similar
XsXj4n-qOaY-01417-00248376-00248558 but the scots have done much better
XsXj4n-qOaY-01418-00248559-00248719 fighting against the pandemic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01419-00248719-00248903 in the public sector if you look at
XsXj4n-qOaY-01420-00248904-00249039 globally known brands
XsXj4n-qOaY-01421-00249040-00249287 i know england has a greater population
XsXj4n-qOaY-01422-00249288-00249479 but it seems to do disproportionately
XsXj4n-qOaY-01423-00249480-00249687 better than scotland does
XsXj4n-qOaY-01424-00249688-00249942 so it seems to me the two cultures are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01425-00249944-00250182 not that similar across critical margins
XsXj4n-qOaY-01426-00250183-00250358 maybe there are small differences in an
XsXj4n-qOaY-01427-00250359-00250519 absolute sense but those
XsXj4n-qOaY-01428-00250519-00250742 compound into large differences in final
XsXj4n-qOaY-01429-00250744-00250894 outcomes
XsXj4n-qOaY-01430-00250896-00251094 it's an interesting point the scots also
XsXj4n-qOaY-01431-00251096-00251279 voted what i would say is the right way
XsXj4n-qOaY-01432-00251280-00251382 on brexit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01433-00251383-00251534 they're against brexit i mean i'm going
XsXj4n-qOaY-01434-00251535-00251710 to let you know be very open here i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01435-00251711-00251839 against brexit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01436-00251840-00252023 because britain leaving the european
XsXj4n-qOaY-01437-00252023-00252206 union i think is bad economically
XsXj4n-qOaY-01438-00252207-00252446 for the uk and i think it's kind of this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01439-00252448-00252615 whole concept of being a little england
XsXj4n-qOaY-01440-00252616-00252727 and looking in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01441-00252728-00252951 inwards scotland voted against brexit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01442-00252952-00253063 quite resoundingly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01443-00253064-00253191 and it's true that they've handled the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01444-00253192-00253439 pandemic much better why that is is not
XsXj4n-qOaY-01445-00253440-00253663 clear i mean i regularly talk to my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01446-00253664-00253975 mother-in-law in scotland um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01447-00253976-00254151 they in some ways they seem to be more
XsXj4n-qOaY-01448-00254152-00254327 educated and at least as far as i'd sit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01449-00254328-00254423 in the way they vote
XsXj4n-qOaY-01450-00254423-00254663 their oecd measured levels of education
XsXj4n-qOaY-01451-00254664-00254871 are not higher i'm not aware of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01452-00254871-00255063 you know any other striking differences
XsXj4n-qOaY-01453-00255064-00255334 um i think i like nicola sturgeon who is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01454-00255335-00255423 the uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-01455-00255423-00255551 i think is what's called the first
XsXj4n-qOaY-01456-00255552-00255703 minister she's effectively the prime
XsXj4n-qOaY-01457-00255704-00255846 minister of scotland
XsXj4n-qOaY-01458-00255848-00256142 um she's done a very good job she locked
XsXj4n-qOaY-01459-00256144-00256310 down faster in scotland i think that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01460-00256311-00256510 why they dealt with the pandemic sooner
XsXj4n-qOaY-01461-00256511-00256751 again on the pandemic i'm not enough up
XsXj4n-qOaY-01462-00256752-00256942 to the news on england versus scotland
XsXj4n-qOaY-01463-00256944-00257071 living in the u.s to give
XsXj4n-qOaY-01464-00257071-00257263 to give more of an answer but i am aware
XsXj4n-qOaY-01465-00257264-00257382 the scots have done better on that and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01466-00257383-00257558 they certainly did better on brexit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01467-00257559-00257727 does scotland have a different cultural
XsXj4n-qOaY-01468-00257728-00258023 notion of hooliganism
XsXj4n-qOaY-01469-00258023-00258342 uh i mean if you've
XsXj4n-qOaY-01470-00258344-00258542 you know about the famous old firm
XsXj4n-qOaY-01471-00258544-00258758 rivalry celtic rangers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01472-00258759-00259063 uh you probably think no uh you know the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01473-00259064-00259110 two
XsXj4n-qOaY-01474-00259111-00259334 region teams again i you know i i know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01475-00259335-00259446 in scotland i really
XsXj4n-qOaY-01476-00259448-00259582 spent the vast amount of my time in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01477-00259583-00259791 glasgow uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-01478-00259792-00259919 i don't think it's cut i wasn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01479-00259919-00260134 expecting a tyler i think to be asked
XsXj4n-qOaY-01480-00260135-00260246 about scott
XsXj4n-qOaY-01481-00260248-00260415 the scottish football hooliganism but as
XsXj4n-qOaY-01482-00260416-00260567 far as i'm aware no i mean the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01483-00260567-00260694 interesting thing by the way on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01484-00260696-00260806 technology
XsXj4n-qOaY-01485-00260807-00261046 um one of the issues that afflicted the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01486-00261048-00261158 uk
XsXj4n-qOaY-01487-00261159-00261375 was hooliganism and you know there's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01488-00261376-00261510 kind of various elements of it but one
XsXj4n-qOaY-01489-00261511-00261575 was just
XsXj4n-qOaY-01490-00261576-00261806 uh you know fighting and violence but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01491-00261807-00262023 another one was racism and both of them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01492-00262023-00262206 technology has been fantastic at
XsXj4n-qOaY-01493-00262207-00262358 combating just on you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01494-00262359-00262591 on both them cameras in the ground id
XsXj4n-qOaY-01495-00262592-00262695 cards online
XsXj4n-qOaY-01496-00262696-00262799 there was an instant just over the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01497-00262800-00262943 weekend i was looking just this morning
XsXj4n-qOaY-01498-00262944-00263127 about the racial comments made
XsXj4n-qOaY-01499-00263128-00263351 against a crystal palace football player
XsXj4n-qOaY-01500-00263352-00263534 that they the police
XsXj4n-qOaY-01501-00263535-00263695 checked through online and turned out to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01502-00263696-00263903 be a 12 year old boy in the west of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01503-00263904-00264095 midlands making this stuff but just in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01504-00264096-00264271 terms of the ground technology has
XsXj4n-qOaY-01505-00264272-00264367 improved
XsXj4n-qOaY-01506-00264368-00264606 uh attendance at sports games because of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01507-00264607-00264743 this we can stamp it out
XsXj4n-qOaY-01508-00264744-00264847 and that's something that doesn't show
XsXj4n-qOaY-01509-00264848-00264999 up in productivity figures so another
XsXj4n-qOaY-01510-00265000-00265143 concern you could have and there's being
XsXj4n-qOaY-01511-00265144-00265239 a big debate
XsXj4n-qOaY-01512-00265240-00265399 in terms of productivity is that the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01513-00265400-00265575 case that the quality of life has risen
XsXj4n-qOaY-01514-00265576-00265791 in ways that we're not measuring it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01515-00265792-00265958 i could get into that debate i think the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01516-00265959-00266215 answer is primarily no but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01517-00266216-00266415 you could make that claim and you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01518-00266416-00266599 hooliganism has been pushed back a lot
XsXj4n-qOaY-01519-00266600-00266743 by technology
XsXj4n-qOaY-01520-00266744-00266967 if policy uncertainty is so important
XsXj4n-qOaY-01521-00266968-00267127 for the macro economy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01522-00267128-00267327 precovid why was the reign of donald
XsXj4n-qOaY-01523-00267328-00267558 trump just fine for the american economy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01524-00267559-00267775 because there was high uncertainty i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01525-00267776-00267943 woke up every morning not knowing
XsXj4n-qOaY-01526-00267944-00268119 what would happen or what would be said
XsXj4n-qOaY-01527-00268120-00268295 i'm not sure exposed that uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01528-00268296-00268382 was realized
XsXj4n-qOaY-01529-00268383-00268551 until covered but in fact it was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01530-00268552-00268775 realized on a massive scale
XsXj4n-qOaY-01531-00268776-00268991 yet exante the uncertainty didn't seem
XsXj4n-qOaY-01532-00268992-00269223 to have much of a negative drag
XsXj4n-qOaY-01533-00269224-00269503 yeah donald trump in terms of political
XsXj4n-qOaY-01534-00269504-00269775 sorry in terms of economic performance
XsXj4n-qOaY-01535-00269776-00270087 how would you assess it before kovid he
XsXj4n-qOaY-01536-00270088-00270439 you know it was fine you could some ways
XsXj4n-qOaY-01537-00270440-00270510 be slightly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01538-00270511-00270687 i mean again i'm not a trump supporter
XsXj4n-qOaY-01539-00270688-00270895 so definitely wrong you could be mildly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01540-00270896-00271030 positive on it and saying look
XsXj4n-qOaY-01541-00271031-00271239 he took the obama boom and continued it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01542-00271240-00271447 and as expansions go on maybe you think
XsXj4n-qOaY-01543-00271448-00271567 it's harder and harder to keep that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01544-00271568-00271663 expansion going
XsXj4n-qOaY-01545-00271664-00271839 growth didn't pick up but it also didn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01546-00271840-00271999 slow down under trump so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01547-00272000-00272143 that would be a passing grade it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01548-00272144-00272295 wouldn't be fantastic wouldn't be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01549-00272296-00272399 terrible either
XsXj4n-qOaY-01550-00272400-00272639 um one thing that aided growth under
XsXj4n-qOaY-01551-00272640-00272758 trump was the corporate
XsXj4n-qOaY-01552-00272759-00273071 tax cuts um you know there's another
XsXj4n-qOaY-01553-00273072-00273223 political uncertainty in changing his
XsXj4n-qOaY-01554-00273224-00273382 mind all the time and honestly a lot of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01555-00273383-00273503 bad policy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01556-00273504-00273758 with you know reduced growth under trump
XsXj4n-qOaY-01557-00273759-00273871 now it seems to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01558-00273872-00274047 netted out to about zero it was no
XsXj4n-qOaY-01559-00274048-00274199 higher or no lower than in obama's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01560-00274200-00274319 second term
XsXj4n-qOaY-01561-00274320-00274663 um so the policy uncertainty was a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01562-00274664-00274823 negative but there are other things he
XsXj4n-qOaY-01563-00274824-00274927 did that were positive
XsXj4n-qOaY-01564-00274928-00275255 it's also true that um under obama
XsXj4n-qOaY-01565-00275256-00275391 there was considerable policy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01566-00275392-00275510 uncertainty because things like the debt
XsXj4n-qOaY-01567-00275511-00275679 ceiling debate in the fiscal cliff
XsXj4n-qOaY-01568-00275680-00275927 and who you blame is less obvious there
XsXj4n-qOaY-01569-00275928-00276103 so congress was fighting
XsXj4n-qOaY-01570-00276104-00276358 you know the president obama wanted to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01571-00276359-00276510 pass various pieces of legislation
XsXj4n-qOaY-01572-00276511-00276679 couldn't the same thing is true now of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01573-00276680-00276751 course so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01574-00276752-00277047 we have a mixed control of congress um i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01575-00277048-00277255 think trump made it a lot worse you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01576-00277256-00277487 default him quite explicitly he just
XsXj4n-qOaY-01577-00277488-00277623 changed his mind and he also didn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01578-00277624-00277775 listen to advisers so when he talked to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01579-00277776-00277919 firms it's very hard to predict which
XsXj4n-qOaY-01580-00277920-00278087 rate policy was going to go
XsXj4n-qOaY-01581-00278088-00278287 because a lot of decisions didn't seem
XsXj4n-qOaY-01582-00278288-00278510 entirely
XsXj4n-qOaY-01583-00278511-00278743 thought out rational predictable i don't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01584-00278744-00278879 know what words you use
XsXj4n-qOaY-01585-00278880-00279199 but uh firms who complain about we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01586-00279200-00279351 didn't see this coming and you know he
XsXj4n-qOaY-01587-00279352-00279510 changed his mind and tweets and that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01588-00279511-00279734 by the way us physical investment even
XsXj4n-qOaY-01589-00279735-00279919 before covert was not great
XsXj4n-qOaY-01590-00279920-00280263 so the intangibles right yeah and in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01591-00280264-00280471 stock market is doing well
XsXj4n-qOaY-01592-00280472-00280655 yes but the stock market does not re
XsXj4n-qOaY-01593-00280656-00280815 reflect the u.s economy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01594-00280816-00281047 um the stock market for example right
XsXj4n-qOaY-01595-00281048-00281143 now is 30
XsXj4n-qOaY-01596-00281144-00281406 high tech which is only 7 of us jobs and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01597-00281407-00281558 also when interest rates drop because
XsXj4n-qOaY-01598-00281559-00281615 the economy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01599-00281616-00281806 slows it makes the stock market go up
XsXj4n-qOaY-01600-00281807-00281967 because it's suddenly a relatively
XsXj4n-qOaY-01601-00281968-00282087 better investment so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01602-00282088-00282230 i think the stock market and the state
XsXj4n-qOaY-01603-00282231-00282447 the us economy are only weakly linked
XsXj4n-qOaY-01604-00282448-00282751 uh say we take the 1960s which is one of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01605-00282752-00282967 the golden areas for of macroeconomic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01606-00282968-00283006 growth
XsXj4n-qOaY-01607-00283007-00283279 uh many wonderful things about it it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01608-00283280-00283487 seems policy uncertainty was quite high
XsXj4n-qOaY-01609-00283488-00283591 there was the cold war
XsXj4n-qOaY-01610-00283592-00283767 there was the vietnam war it was the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01611-00283768-00283927 civil rights movement not clear how it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01612-00283928-00284006 would turn out
XsXj4n-qOaY-01613-00284007-00284199 there were riots in cities all the time
XsXj4n-qOaY-01614-00284200-00284430 we were on the verge of major changes
XsXj4n-qOaY-01615-00284431-00284606 in regulatory policy right like the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01616-00284607-00284734 environmental movement
XsXj4n-qOaY-01617-00284735-00284934 so anecdotally very high policy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01618-00284935-00285079 uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01619-00285080-00285334 uh things proceed just great it seems or
XsXj4n-qOaY-01620-00285335-00285471 now
XsXj4n-qOaY-01621-00285472-00285710 you know this is why uh long run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01622-00285711-00285854 measures are actually useful it's very
XsXj4n-qOaY-01623-00285855-00285991 hard when you talk to people they often
XsXj4n-qOaY-01624-00285992-00286182 raise different errors as particularly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01625-00286183-00286406 more or less uncertain and often it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01626-00286407-00286487 driven by
XsXj4n-qOaY-01627-00286488-00286647 you know their own personal experiences
XsXj4n-qOaY-01628-00286648-00286879 and there's actually a phenomena i mean
XsXj4n-qOaY-01629-00286880-00287015 it's interesting you raised the 60s it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01630-00287016-00287158 actually phenomenal to think the past
XsXj4n-qOaY-01631-00287159-00287199 was more
XsXj4n-qOaY-01632-00287200-00287367 certain than the present because you see
XsXj4n-qOaY-01633-00287368-00287534 the past having happened you forget all
XsXj4n-qOaY-01634-00287535-00287671 the alternative scenarios that could
XsXj4n-qOaY-01635-00287672-00287727 have been
XsXj4n-qOaY-01636-00287728-00288079 so just on data um the 60s
XsXj4n-qOaY-01637-00288080-00288271 in terms of stock market volatility were
XsXj4n-qOaY-01638-00288272-00288543 quite low in terms of macro volatility
XsXj4n-qOaY-01639-00288544-00288647 were
XsXj4n-qOaY-01640-00288648-00288823 moderately low there was the whole great
XsXj4n-qOaY-01641-00288824-00289039 moderation and the 8 1780s were very
XsXj4n-qOaY-01642-00289040-00289095 volatile
XsXj4n-qOaY-01643-00289096-00289295 macro growth but the 60s were reasonably
XsXj4n-qOaY-01644-00289296-00289495 calm in terms of our index economic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01645-00289496-00289654 policy uncertainty index very straight
XsXj4n-qOaY-01646-00289655-00289751 newspapers
XsXj4n-qOaY-01647-00289752-00289927 it didn't appear to be particularly high
XsXj4n-qOaY-01648-00289928-00290063 levels of uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01649-00290064-00290230 so you could argue newspapers uh you
XsXj4n-qOaY-01650-00290231-00290454 know in that era it wasn't clear how
XsXj4n-qOaY-01651-00290455-00290615 completely open they were
XsXj4n-qOaY-01652-00290616-00290815 um watergate was kind of opening the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01653-00290816-00291063 floodgates of being more transparent but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01654-00291064-00291254 i don't see in the evidence i've seen
XsXj4n-qOaY-01655-00291255-00291463 the 60s as a period of particularly high
XsXj4n-qOaY-01656-00291464-00291599 policy uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01657-00291600-00291839 so you're right those incidents happened
XsXj4n-qOaY-01658-00291840-00292023 but in other areas like domestic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01659-00292024-00292158 economic policy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01660-00292159-00292463 uh again i'm going off newspapers but on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01661-00292464-00292519 average
XsXj4n-qOaY-01662-00292520-00292703 in stock market reactions it doesn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01663-00292704-00292863 seem to be pretty particularly high i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01664-00292864-00292999 mean the two great spikes
XsXj4n-qOaY-01665-00293000-00293151 in the stock market volatility by the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01666-00293152-00293287 way in the 60s with the cuban missile
XsXj4n-qOaY-01667-00293288-00293367 crisis
XsXj4n-qOaY-01668-00293368-00293671 and the assassination of jfk
XsXj4n-qOaY-01669-00293672-00293887 we're speaking in july 2020 given that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01670-00293888-00293982 there's so much
XsXj4n-qOaY-01671-00293983-00294230 working at home going on right now how
XsXj4n-qOaY-01672-00294231-00294406 long will it take before tech company
XsXj4n-qOaY-01673-00294407-00294551 productivity declines
XsXj4n-qOaY-01674-00294552-00294703 as people grow frustrated or
XsXj4n-qOaY-01675-00294704-00294958 disconnected or they become too restless
XsXj4n-qOaY-01676-00294959-00295110 it's too hard to bring on board new
XsXj4n-qOaY-01677-00295111-00295334 hires how much time do we have before
XsXj4n-qOaY-01678-00295335-00295415 things really
XsXj4n-qOaY-01679-00295416-00295751 start to fray it's a a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01680-00295752-00295951 great question just to be clear my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01681-00295952-00296103 thoughts on working fine in the short
XsXj4n-qOaY-01682-00296104-00296182 run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01683-00296183-00296367 uh working from home for those of us
XsXj4n-qOaY-01684-00296368-00296487 that can't just to be clear
XsXj4n-qOaY-01685-00296488-00296695 only something like 40 of americans can
XsXj4n-qOaY-01686-00296696-00296806 work from home but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01687-00296807-00296967 for those and that but that accounts for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01688-00296968-00297175 something like 56 of gdp because they
XsXj4n-qOaY-01689-00297176-00297327 tend to be higher earning
XsXj4n-qOaY-01690-00297328-00297615 uh individuals so for those of us that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01691-00297616-00297767 can work from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-01692-00297768-00297951 the evidence looks like in the short run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01693-00297952-00298167 that increases productivity as long as
XsXj4n-qOaY-01694-00298168-00298319 you've got reasonable conditions like
XsXj4n-qOaY-01695-00298320-00298495 you know proper internet and a room
XsXj4n-qOaY-01696-00298496-00298775 your own exclusive room to work in um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01697-00298776-00298919 the big question you know that that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01698-00298920-00299015 research i've been
XsXj4n-qOaY-01699-00299016-00299167 you know that i had no paper looking in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01700-00299168-00299351 china and we showed very large increases
XsXj4n-qOaY-01701-00299352-00299391 in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01702-00299392-00299551 what i call short-run productivity from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01703-00299552-00299727 people working in call centers the big
XsXj4n-qOaY-01704-00299728-00299854 unknown in which there's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01705-00299855-00300015 little evidence i'm working and i know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01706-00300016-00300143 other people are looking at this too
XsXj4n-qOaY-01707-00300144-00300199 which is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01708-00300200-00300399 what's the impact on longer-run
XsXj4n-qOaY-01709-00300400-00300575 productivity which the concept will come
XsXj4n-qOaY-01710-00300576-00300710 back to the beginning of the podcast is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01711-00300711-00300919 about kind of creation and innovation
XsXj4n-qOaY-01712-00300920-00301158 so lots of claims including you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01713-00301159-00301367 steve jobs before he passed away made
XsXj4n-qOaY-01714-00301368-00301495 several comments about
XsXj4n-qOaY-01715-00301496-00301663 uh he wanted people to be in the office
XsXj4n-qOaY-01716-00301664-00301799 you know you have to be there for the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01717-00301800-00301967 new ideas come up from water cooler
XsXj4n-qOaY-01718-00301968-00302127 discussions and meetings and one-on-one
XsXj4n-qOaY-01719-00302128-00302239 stuff and obviously
XsXj4n-qOaY-01720-00302240-00302575 undercover that's all stooled so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01721-00302576-00302743 none of that will really show up right
XsXj4n-qOaY-01722-00302744-00302903 now you know you can get away for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01723-00302904-00303110 with three to six maybe even nine months
XsXj4n-qOaY-01724-00303111-00303327 probably if not radically creating new
XsXj4n-qOaY-01725-00303328-00303439 things but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01726-00303440-00303591 in the long run i fear there'll be a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01727-00303592-00303791 drop in say patenting in 2021
XsXj4n-qOaY-01728-00303792-00304110 2022 because of this and the question is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01729-00304111-00304215 how firms respond
XsXj4n-qOaY-01730-00304216-00304430 my guess is from talking to a lot of u.s
XsXj4n-qOaY-01731-00304431-00304623 companies is they will return partly to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01732-00304624-00304687 the office
XsXj4n-qOaY-01733-00304688-00304847 so i think in the long run working from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01734-00304848-00304982 home will be fine because we'll be in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01735-00304983-00305119 the office three days a week and two
XsXj4n-qOaY-01736-00305120-00305215 days a week at home
XsXj4n-qOaY-01737-00305216-00305334 so that's kind of the best of both
XsXj4n-qOaY-01738-00305335-00305430 worlds i don't think you need to be in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01739-00305431-00305558 the office five days a week to be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01740-00305559-00305623 creative
XsXj4n-qOaY-01741-00305624-00305782 but you do need some time each week with
XsXj4n-qOaY-01742-00305783-00306039 colleagues so i'm not too worried now
XsXj4n-qOaY-01743-00306040-00306215 what i think will be problematic is if
XsXj4n-qOaY-01744-00306216-00306391 we're in late 2021
XsXj4n-qOaY-01745-00306392-00306639 we were still all 100 working from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-01746-00306640-00306799 then i would really worry about impacts
XsXj4n-qOaY-01747-00306800-00306943 and productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-01748-00306944-00307158 so your long-term co-authors should be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01749-00307159-00307367 those who are at stanford or berkeley
XsXj4n-qOaY-01750-00307368-00307534 but your short-term co-authors can be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01751-00307535-00307710 anywhere
XsXj4n-qOaY-01752-00307711-00307991 i know my co-authors are just all over
XsXj4n-qOaY-01753-00307992-00308047 the place
XsXj4n-qOaY-01754-00308048-00308199 i uh i was going to say one of the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01755-00308200-00308367 things i really miss about working home
XsXj4n-qOaY-01756-00308368-00308510 is going to seminars
XsXj4n-qOaY-01757-00308511-00308743 and conferences and particularly kind of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01758-00308744-00308863 you know the two
XsXj4n-qOaY-01759-00308864-00309006 the two last conferences i went to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01760-00309007-00309199 before lockdown one was in mexico itam
XsXj4n-qOaY-01761-00309200-00309351 and one was in melbourne at monash
XsXj4n-qOaY-01762-00309352-00309487 university they're both fantastic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01763-00309488-00309623 because they were small
XsXj4n-qOaY-01764-00309624-00309823 and i got to basically talk to everyone
XsXj4n-qOaY-01765-00309824-00309975 there and that's the kind of thing that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01766-00309976-00310039 generates
XsXj4n-qOaY-01767-00310040-00310199 for me co-authors is talking to someone
XsXj4n-qOaY-01768-00310200-00310351 of the quirky idea that comes up with
XsXj4n-qOaY-01769-00310352-00310439 something so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01770-00310440-00310599 oddly enough most of my co-authors are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01771-00310600-00310806 not at stanford uh which seems to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01772-00310807-00310975 disobey my own rule i don't know why
XsXj4n-qOaY-01773-00310976-00310999 that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01774-00311000-00311199 is mostly i have overlapped with them
XsXj4n-qOaY-01775-00311200-00311375 physically at one point or another their
XsXj4n-qOaY-01776-00311376-00311551 former students or former colleagues
XsXj4n-qOaY-01777-00311552-00311582 like
XsXj4n-qOaY-01778-00311583-00311863 when i was at the ucl or lse steve davis
XsXj4n-qOaY-01779-00311864-00312039 i worked with a lot in us at chicago
XsXj4n-qOaY-01780-00312040-00312247 i never physically overlapped with him
XsXj4n-qOaY-01781-00312248-00312423 uh you know two are they like ivana
XsXj4n-qOaY-01782-00312424-00312623 faraz algie lin i met them ohio state
XsXj4n-qOaY-01783-00312624-00312719 university
XsXj4n-qOaY-01784-00312720-00312999 i um so if you can do it if you can do
XsXj4n-qOaY-01785-00313000-00313206 it why can't tech companies do the same
XsXj4n-qOaY-01786-00313207-00313447 okay so let's take i ivan and zaji lim
XsXj4n-qOaY-01787-00313448-00313639 from ohio state university i first
XsXj4n-qOaY-01788-00313640-00313815 met them physically i went to give her a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01789-00313816-00313999 seminar at ohio state university
XsXj4n-qOaY-01790-00314000-00314206 i sat in zaji's office for half an hour
XsXj4n-qOaY-01791-00314207-00314382 we kind of got excited about a research
XsXj4n-qOaY-01792-00314383-00314471 idea
XsXj4n-qOaY-01793-00314472-00314727 um that was the critical meeting point
XsXj4n-qOaY-01794-00314728-00314895 i'm not sure would have happened if we'd
XsXj4n-qOaY-01795-00314896-00315071 done done it remotely and after talking
XsXj4n-qOaY-01796-00315072-00315199 to him i thought this you know this guy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01797-00315200-00315263 seems great
XsXj4n-qOaY-01798-00315264-00315391 it's a really interesting idea he
XsXj4n-qOaY-01799-00315392-00315575 continued to communicate by email
XsXj4n-qOaY-01800-00315576-00315839 so my thought is and it kind of matches
XsXj4n-qOaY-01801-00315840-00316006 roughly what a lot of silicon valley
XsXj4n-qOaY-01802-00316007-00316095 types say
XsXj4n-qOaY-01803-00316096-00316382 is the initial spark or idea is much
XsXj4n-qOaY-01804-00316383-00316599 more effectively generated in person
XsXj4n-qOaY-01805-00316600-00316815 often it's over lunch or over coffee so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01806-00316816-00316982 this is the sense in which
XsXj4n-qOaY-01807-00316983-00317175 productivity now is i've been running
XsXj4n-qOaY-01808-00317176-00317287 masses of surveys
XsXj4n-qOaY-01809-00317288-00317439 under working from home to try and get
XsXj4n-qOaY-01810-00317440-00317582 the sense of how people are feeling and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01811-00317583-00317695 both firms and workers are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01812-00317696-00317879 overwhelmingly positive about working
XsXj4n-qOaY-01813-00317880-00318063 from home but that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01814-00318064-00318247 now i mean again to be clear that's july
XsXj4n-qOaY-01815-00318248-00318351 and we're kind of three to four months
XsXj4n-qOaY-01816-00318352-00318454 into the lockdown
XsXj4n-qOaY-01817-00318455-00318639 my theory is if it were full time
XsXj4n-qOaY-01818-00318640-00318791 working for him five days a week for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01819-00318792-00318934 another six to nine months it's going to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01820-00318935-00319071 be much more discontentment
XsXj4n-qOaY-01821-00319072-00319239 in fact i saw that in china when we did
XsXj4n-qOaY-01822-00319240-00319382 the sea trip study people were working
XsXj4n-qOaY-01823-00319383-00319463 from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-01824-00319464-00319639 for nine months and towards the end of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01825-00319640-00319863 it it started to really grind and drag
XsXj4n-qOaY-01826-00319864-00319910 on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01827-00319911-00320095 that was more about loneliness but
XsXj4n-qOaY-01828-00320096-00320327 there's the other issue is in terms of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01829-00320328-00320582 being productive and being creative for
XsXj4n-qOaY-01830-00320583-00320782 our final section of the conversation i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01831-00320783-00320943 have a number of questions about your
XsXj4n-qOaY-01832-00320944-00321054 own productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-01833-00321055-00321223 this is called the nick bloom production
XsXj4n-qOaY-01834-00321224-00321382 function are you ready
XsXj4n-qOaY-01835-00321383-00321703 yes go ahead thank you now most people
XsXj4n-qOaY-01836-00321704-00321910 at top five schools in economics
XsXj4n-qOaY-01837-00321911-00322167 as you know also have phds from other
XsXj4n-qOaY-01838-00322168-00322310 top five schools
XsXj4n-qOaY-01839-00322311-00322495 but nathan nunn has a phd from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01840-00322496-00322639 university of toronto
XsXj4n-qOaY-01841-00322640-00322895 and your phd is from university college
XsXj4n-qOaY-01842-00322896-00323110 london
XsXj4n-qOaY-01843-00323111-00323287 what have made you an outlier in this
XsXj4n-qOaY-01844-00323288-00323447 regard and what do you think have been
XsXj4n-qOaY-01845-00323448-00323630 its advantages and disadvantages
XsXj4n-qOaY-01846-00323631-00324006 for you i you know for me doing my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01847-00324007-00324319 phd at ucl was extremely fortunate oddly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01848-00324320-00324471 enough i've had this discussion with a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01849-00324472-00324623 lot of people that are applying to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01850-00324624-00324847 stanford's phd genes i'm not sure if i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01851-00324848-00325015 yeah effectively sales or undersell
XsXj4n-qOaY-01852-00325016-00325230 stanford but there's trade-offs when
XsXj4n-qOaY-01853-00325231-00325327 thinking about grad school
XsXj4n-qOaY-01854-00325328-00325495 it's true if you go to an elite grad
XsXj4n-qOaY-01855-00325496-00325703 school um you're surrounded by a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01856-00325704-00325903 fantastic cohort and have great faculty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01857-00325904-00326006 on the other hand
XsXj4n-qOaY-01858-00326007-00326175 it's hard to work often with faculty
XsXj4n-qOaY-01859-00326176-00326303 because there's so many other good
XsXj4n-qOaY-01860-00326304-00326375 students
XsXj4n-qOaY-01861-00326376-00326695 around at the time i was at ucl i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01862-00326696-00326854 doing my pitch in the late 90s
XsXj4n-qOaY-01863-00326855-00327006 the number of other phd students was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01864-00327007-00327182 very thin they were just not it wasn't a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01865-00327183-00327303 big program
XsXj4n-qOaY-01866-00327304-00327551 um mostly very you know there's a mix
XsXj4n-qOaY-01867-00327552-00327663 many of them were not interested in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01868-00327664-00327887 ultimately going into academia
XsXj4n-qOaY-01869-00327888-00328047 so i was one of the few students that
XsXj4n-qOaY-01870-00328048-00328199 was focused i mean there are a few
XsXj4n-qOaY-01871-00328200-00328310 others don't get me wrong they're like
XsXj4n-qOaY-01872-00328311-00328478 five or six in my year but there's a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01873-00328479-00328630 much smaller cohort say compared to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01874-00328631-00328806 stanford but there's 25 a year
XsXj4n-qOaY-01875-00328807-00328982 as a result it was much easier for me to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01876-00328983-00329271 work with faculty so you know folks
XsXj4n-qOaY-01877-00329272-00329439 not just faculty at ucl but others
XsXj4n-qOaY-01878-00329440-00329615 through the ifs so people like you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01879-00329616-00329758 richard blundell john van rena and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01880-00329759-00329975 rachel griffis frank winmar steve bond
XsXj4n-qOaY-01881-00329976-00330095 these guys
XsXj4n-qOaY-01882-00330096-00330399 were uh sitting around you know lucy
XsXj4n-qOaY-01883-00330400-00330519 channels i remember she was sitting
XsXj4n-qOaY-01884-00330520-00330671 right on the other side of the desk from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01885-00330672-00330719 me
XsXj4n-qOaY-01886-00330720-00330927 i'd speak to lucy as a graduate
XsXj4n-qOaY-01887-00330928-00331054 fantastic this was something i've been
XsXj4n-qOaY-01888-00331055-00331206 out or rachel for you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01889-00331207-00331439 five ten years having that exposure was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01890-00331440-00331630 great if i'd been in an enormous cohort
XsXj4n-qOaY-01891-00331631-00331887 of 25 of us per year over six years
XsXj4n-qOaY-01892-00331888-00332087 i never would have got that so so are
XsXj4n-qOaY-01893-00332088-00332271 the top five schools overrated
XsXj4n-qOaY-01894-00332272-00332591 for economics graduate study i think the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01895-00332592-00332743 question to ask is what's the value
XsXj4n-qOaY-01896-00332744-00332791 added
XsXj4n-qOaY-01897-00332792-00332982 so remember the top five schools recruit
XsXj4n-qOaY-01898-00332983-00333143 by far the best students
XsXj4n-qOaY-01899-00333144-00333319 they just i know stanford ranks the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01900-00333320-00333487 students and we tend to get those to we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01901-00333488-00333630 offer make offers to those at the top of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01902-00333631-00333751 the list and we do pretty well out of
XsXj4n-qOaY-01903-00333752-00333806 that we
XsXj4n-qOaY-01904-00333807-00334151 typically get you know pipped by mit um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01905-00334152-00334287 so the question is what's the value
XsXj4n-qOaY-01906-00334288-00334463 added and it's never been obvious to me
XsXj4n-qOaY-01907-00334464-00334630 what that is i suspect it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01908-00334631-00334847 positive but i'm not certain and it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-01909-00334848-00335087 definitely not uniformly positive for me
XsXj4n-qOaY-01910-00335088-00335263 almost certainly it was a better off
XsXj4n-qOaY-01911-00335264-00335471 having gone to ucl was a fantastic
XsXj4n-qOaY-01912-00335472-00335639 outcome for me versus anywhere else and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01913-00335640-00335775 because i got to work with all these
XsXj4n-qOaY-01914-00335776-00335958 people early on i was also i'd just say
XsXj4n-qOaY-01915-00335959-00336175 very lucky because the ifs of that era
XsXj4n-qOaY-01916-00336176-00336287 was big into what they called
XsXj4n-qOaY-01917-00336288-00336439 microeconometrics which is basically
XsXj4n-qOaY-01918-00336440-00336558 using panel data
XsXj4n-qOaY-01919-00336559-00336710 which turned out to be exactly the way
XsXj4n-qOaY-01920-00336711-00336863 to go so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01921-00336864-00337006 i was kind of fortunate i mean i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01922-00337007-00337134 clearly fortunate i just happened to be
XsXj4n-qOaY-01923-00337135-00337319 in a university was on the rise at the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01924-00337320-00337399 time
XsXj4n-qOaY-01925-00337400-00337591 and you began your career at the british
XsXj4n-qOaY-01926-00337592-00337775 institute for fiscal studies
XsXj4n-qOaY-01927-00337776-00337943 how did that shape your subsequent
XsXj4n-qOaY-01928-00337944-00338119 research and how you think was that a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01929-00338120-00338254 mistake was that a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01930-00338255-00338439 a wonderful start to have it's again
XsXj4n-qOaY-01931-00338440-00338606 highly unusual yes
XsXj4n-qOaY-01932-00338607-00338854 yeah the ifs was great i when i finished
XsXj4n-qOaY-01933-00338855-00338919 my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01934-00338920-00339230 i did a master's at oxford um i wasn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01935-00339231-00339399 intending to go into research at all
XsXj4n-qOaY-01936-00339400-00339487 actually i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01937-00339488-00339639 applied for a lot of investment banks
XsXj4n-qOaY-01938-00339640-00339854 and i applied for it jobs i mean i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01939-00339855-00340015 remember getting an offer from
XsXj4n-qOaY-01940-00340016-00340271 bzw now kind of long closed british
XsXj4n-qOaY-01941-00340272-00340454 investment bank to go work in the i.t
XsXj4n-qOaY-01942-00340455-00340615 department and thought
XsXj4n-qOaY-01943-00340616-00340839 it very seriously i so you know all over
XsXj4n-qOaY-01944-00340840-00341023 the place i took this job at the rfs
XsXj4n-qOaY-01945-00341024-00341167 turned out to be fantastic one is it
XsXj4n-qOaY-01946-00341168-00341303 really inspired me to get interested in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01947-00341304-00341519 economics they answered
XsXj4n-qOaY-01948-00341520-00341710 you know what i would call pub economics
XsXj4n-qOaY-01949-00341711-00341871 questions so what i mean is in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01950-00341872-00341943 british sense
XsXj4n-qOaY-01951-00341944-00342078 they're questions you can talk to your
XsXj4n-qOaY-01952-00342079-00342215 friends in the pub about which are the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01953-00342216-00342382 same ones frankly that you know the
XsXj4n-qOaY-01954-00342383-00342567 the new york times or anyone they're
XsXj4n-qOaY-01955-00342568-00342719 kind of not obstructing things like what
XsXj4n-qOaY-01956-00342720-00342887 happens in this model when alpha goes to
XsXj4n-qOaY-01957-00342888-00343006 seven but more like
XsXj4n-qOaY-01958-00343007-00343206 how would you know increase growth rates
XsXj4n-qOaY-01959-00343207-00343430 so the rfs was very much about inspiring
XsXj4n-qOaY-01960-00343431-00343543 me to do this stuff and it's also
XsXj4n-qOaY-01961-00343544-00343734 entirely empirically focused so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01962-00343735-00343895 again that was in an era where empirical
XsXj4n-qOaY-01963-00343896-00344054 economics wasn't so
XsXj4n-qOaY-01964-00344055-00344287 dominant it is much more dominant now
XsXj4n-qOaY-01965-00344288-00344367 but so i just
XsXj4n-qOaY-01966-00344368-00344567 basically focused on data and i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-01967-00344568-00344815 lucky at the rfs i could do a part-time
XsXj4n-qOaY-01968-00344816-00344982 phd just to be clear when i started i
XsXj4n-qOaY-01969-00344983-00345151 was not a phd student and i had a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01970-00345152-00345343 program encouraging people to go do
XsXj4n-qOaY-01971-00345344-00345543 part-time phds at ucl
XsXj4n-qOaY-01972-00345544-00345703 so from there i then went to start my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01973-00345704-00345895 phd about nine months after
XsXj4n-qOaY-01974-00345896-00346175 joining the rfs at ucl so i was oddly
XsXj4n-qOaY-01975-00346176-00346319 kind of an accidental
XsXj4n-qOaY-01976-00346320-00346471 phd student it's not something i ever
XsXj4n-qOaY-01977-00346472-00346678 had in mind and what do you think it is
XsXj4n-qOaY-01978-00346679-00346839 in either your personality or your
XsXj4n-qOaY-01979-00346840-00346919 background
XsXj4n-qOaY-01980-00346920-00347134 that led you to take these unusual paths
XsXj4n-qOaY-01981-00347135-00347287 because again they're somewhat atypical
XsXj4n-qOaY-01982-00347288-00347439 as you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-01983-00347440-00347703 uh yeah i mean i at the office at some
XsXj4n-qOaY-01984-00347704-00347839 point i left and went to work in
XsXj4n-qOaY-01985-00347840-00347927 mckinsey and
XsXj4n-qOaY-01986-00347928-00348223 i went to the uk so atypical right yeah
XsXj4n-qOaY-01987-00348224-00348375 just go straight through research
XsXj4n-qOaY-01988-00348376-00348510 research research
XsXj4n-qOaY-01989-00348511-00348775 i i was clearly very lucky so i wouldn't
XsXj4n-qOaY-01990-00348776-00348927 advise probably my
XsXj4n-qOaY-01991-00348928-00349151 certainly going to work in mckinsey uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-01992-00349152-00349343 as in leaving your phd and going to a
XsXj4n-qOaY-01993-00349344-00349510 non-academic job is probably you know on
XsXj4n-qOaY-01994-00349511-00349639 average is not a good
XsXj4n-qOaY-01995-00349640-00349903 uh path i was just extremely fortunate
XsXj4n-qOaY-01996-00349904-00350071 that i managed to get back into academia
XsXj4n-qOaY-01997-00350072-00350247 afterwards i wasn't there for that long
XsXj4n-qOaY-01998-00350248-00350623 for you know under two years and um
XsXj4n-qOaY-01999-00350624-00350775 i was fortunate the people i worked
XsXj4n-qOaY-02000-00350776-00350934 before were running a research center so
XsXj4n-qOaY-02001-00350935-00351134 john van reen in particular the cp
XsXj4n-qOaY-02002-00351135-00351271 took me back as like what's called a
XsXj4n-qOaY-02003-00351272-00351447 research officer i mean i was
XsXj4n-qOaY-02004-00351448-00351727 i was like a kind of souped-up ra and
XsXj4n-qOaY-02005-00351728-00351767 then
XsXj4n-qOaY-02006-00351768-00351934 i started working on two errors one is
XsXj4n-qOaY-02007-00351935-00352095 management one was uncertainty and the
XsXj4n-qOaY-02008-00352096-00352191 management one
XsXj4n-qOaY-02009-00352192-00352343 turned out to be a fertile error to look
XsXj4n-qOaY-02010-00352344-00352471 and just because there's not much data
XsXj4n-qOaY-02011-00352472-00352615 and uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-02012-00352616-00352830 i honestly was again fortunate on timing
XsXj4n-qOaY-02013-00352831-00352982 because when i started to look in it was
XsXj4n-qOaY-02014-00352983-00353078 during the period of the great
XsXj4n-qOaY-02015-00353079-00353167 moderation
XsXj4n-qOaY-02016-00353168-00353327 so when i was working on uncertainty i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02017-00353328-00353495 was looking at things like 9 11 as an
XsXj4n-qOaY-02018-00353496-00353654 enormous uncertainty shock started to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02019-00353655-00353758 get into the topic
XsXj4n-qOaY-02020-00353759-00353895 but you know business cycles were kind
XsXj4n-qOaY-02021-00353896-00354087 of quiet people weren't working on that
XsXj4n-qOaY-02022-00354088-00354215 that much and then suddenly of course
XsXj4n-qOaY-02023-00354216-00354454 0809 happened and then covet
XsXj4n-qOaY-02024-00354455-00354806 um so in hindsight i i wouldn't advise
XsXj4n-qOaY-02025-00354807-00354887 that path
XsXj4n-qOaY-02026-00354888-00355087 uh the issue is you know it's like first
XsXj4n-qOaY-02027-00355088-00355263 and second order stochastic dominance
XsXj4n-qOaY-02028-00355264-00355358 it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-02029-00355359-00355558 on average the path i took was probably
XsXj4n-qOaY-02030-00355559-00355751 a less you know good path to take it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02031-00355752-00355919 turned out for me individually due to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02032-00355920-00356095 circumstance and good luck it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02033-00356096-00356327 worked out well now your dissertation
XsXj4n-qOaY-02034-00356328-00356558 was on the topic of adjustment costs
XsXj4n-qOaY-02035-00356559-00356767 is there a lens through which i can read
XsXj4n-qOaY-02036-00356768-00356967 a lot of your subsequent major topics
XsXj4n-qOaY-02037-00356968-00357151 as actually all being about adjustment
XsXj4n-qOaY-02038-00357152-00357439 costs speeding up progress and science
XsXj4n-qOaY-02039-00357440-00357606 copying management productivity
XsXj4n-qOaY-02040-00357607-00357791 techniques and why it's so hard
XsXj4n-qOaY-02041-00357792-00357967 uh the effects of uncertainty it's hard
XsXj4n-qOaY-02042-00357968-00358158 to adjust to it are you still working on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02043-00358159-00358319 adjustment costs
XsXj4n-qOaY-02044-00358320-00358615 yeah you know this kind of it's like my
XsXj4n-qOaY-02045-00358616-00358654 first
XsXj4n-qOaY-02046-00358655-00358854 academic love was adjustment cost it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02047-00358855-00359078 find it seems strange to say that
XsXj4n-qOaY-02048-00359079-00359287 i remember bob hall saying he went to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02049-00359288-00359391 some mbr event
XsXj4n-qOaY-02050-00359392-00359558 and saying there's a huge shouting match
XsXj4n-qOaY-02051-00359559-00359719 about adjustment cost and he said how
XsXj4n-qOaY-02052-00359720-00359927 can anyone get so excited about
XsXj4n-qOaY-02053-00359928-00360063 you know bob who was some famous folks
XsXj4n-qOaY-02054-00360064-00360223 and justin cosby it's kind of funny how
XsXj4n-qOaY-02055-00360224-00360415 can anyone get so animated and excited
XsXj4n-qOaY-02056-00360416-00360575 about something so boring
XsXj4n-qOaY-02057-00360576-00360871 um and you know bob and i many others
XsXj4n-qOaY-02058-00360872-00360958 have worked in it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02059-00360959-00361110 i got really interesting i realized
XsXj4n-qOaY-02060-00361111-00361263 halfway through my phd it was hard to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02061-00361264-00361406 excite other people about adjusting
XsXj4n-qOaY-02062-00361407-00361551 costs i'd honestly start talking to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02063-00361552-00361687 people again coming back to the pub
XsXj4n-qOaY-02064-00361688-00361775 economics thing
XsXj4n-qOaY-02065-00361776-00361903 my friends in particular about it and
XsXj4n-qOaY-02066-00361904-00362063 their eyes would start eyelids was like
XsXj4n-qOaY-02067-00362064-00362134 drooping
XsXj4n-qOaY-02068-00362135-00362287 they were just pouring into tears and
XsXj4n-qOaY-02069-00362288-00362447 that's how i kind of ended up morphing
XsXj4n-qOaY-02070-00362448-00362575 to look at uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-02071-00362576-00362703 so i realized if you have high
XsXj4n-qOaY-02072-00362704-00362934 adjustment costs as in it's expensive to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02073-00362935-00363039 hire someone and far
XsXj4n-qOaY-02074-00363040-00363191 invest and disinvest uncertainty is
XsXj4n-qOaY-02075-00363192-00363382 really costly because you can't change
XsXj4n-qOaY-02076-00363383-00363471 your mind
XsXj4n-qOaY-02077-00363472-00363751 um but yeah it has colored my thinking a
XsXj4n-qOaY-02078-00363752-00363854 lot i was trying to think of
XsXj4n-qOaY-02079-00363855-00364023 there's some i'm flanking what it was
XsXj4n-qOaY-02080-00364024-00364134 but the other day i was talking to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02081-00364135-00364230 someone about something to do with
XsXj4n-qOaY-02082-00364231-00364399 management and talking about
XsXj4n-qOaY-02083-00364400-00364534 how it's a big issue of adjustment
XsXj4n-qOaY-02084-00364535-00364647 because that's right i think about
XsXj4n-qOaY-02085-00364648-00364903 working from home so just to be clear
XsXj4n-qOaY-02086-00364904-00365158 under covid with social distancing
XsXj4n-qOaY-02087-00365159-00365263 working from home
XsXj4n-qOaY-02088-00365264-00365415 i think this is going to last for
XsXj4n-qOaY-02089-00365416-00365606 another you know let's say a year it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-02090-00365607-00365710 hard to know
XsXj4n-qOaY-02091-00365711-00365943 if after a year more we are still social
XsXj4n-qOaY-02092-00365944-00366078 distancing working from home we've been
XsXj4n-qOaY-02093-00366079-00366327 in that regime for up to 18 months
XsXj4n-qOaY-02094-00366328-00366534 and the a lot of firms are going to have
XsXj4n-qOaY-02095-00366535-00366758 adjusted individuals to that process
XsXj4n-qOaY-02096-00366759-00366943 and you know you can call it inertia you
XsXj4n-qOaY-02097-00366944-00367087 can also think of it as adjustment costs
XsXj4n-qOaY-02098-00367088-00367223 but this is what i think a lot of what's
XsXj4n-qOaY-02099-00367224-00367423 happening now is going to stick
XsXj4n-qOaY-02100-00367424-00367582 because of that and yes in some senses
XsXj4n-qOaY-02101-00367583-00367734 that has colored my thinking
XsXj4n-qOaY-02102-00367735-00367934 and just you personally relative to your
XsXj4n-qOaY-02103-00367935-00368063 level of talent
XsXj4n-qOaY-02104-00368064-00368230 are you a person of high or low
XsXj4n-qOaY-02105-00368231-00368382 adjustment costs when you need to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02106-00368383-00368687 adjust uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-02107-00368688-00368903 you know as as we get older and older it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02108-00368904-00369110 feels like our adjustment costs become
XsXj4n-qOaY-02109-00369111-00369351 higher and higher you know i have these
XsXj4n-qOaY-02110-00369352-00369519 three areas i'm working on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02111-00369520-00369727 i guess innovation i started working on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02112-00369728-00369895 management and uncertainty the two i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02113-00369896-00369951 guess i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02114-00369952-00370103 started working more recently i mean
XsXj4n-qOaY-02115-00370104-00370278 innovation just again this is a random
XsXj4n-qOaY-02116-00370279-00370382 thing years i mean
XsXj4n-qOaY-02117-00370383-00370558 i don't know how long ago it was i had a
XsXj4n-qOaY-02118-00370559-00370847 summer internship an unpaid internship
XsXj4n-qOaY-02119-00370848-00371054 there it's a ministry long gone in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-02120-00371055-00371199 uk called the department of trading
XsXj4n-qOaY-02121-00371200-00371430 industry uh to do a project looking at
XsXj4n-qOaY-02122-00371431-00371502 patents
XsXj4n-qOaY-02123-00371503-00371654 i mean this was like 30 years ago and i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02124-00371655-00371775 remember pulling up all the data on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02125-00371776-00371902 patents and that kind of interest
XsXj4n-qOaY-02126-00371903-00372215 innovation stuck i tend to think i built
XsXj4n-qOaY-02127-00372216-00372391 up so much knowledge and interest
XsXj4n-qOaY-02128-00372392-00372543 in particularly managing uncertainty
XsXj4n-qOaY-02129-00372544-00372727 innovation i tend to mostly focus on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02130-00372728-00372758 that
XsXj4n-qOaY-02131-00372759-00372934 although recently through you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-02132-00372935-00373119 fortuitous luck as working with another
XsXj4n-qOaY-02133-00373120-00373175 couple of
XsXj4n-qOaY-02134-00373176-00373319 co-authors again i've never overlapped
XsXj4n-qOaY-02135-00373320-00373543 with fatty giving and sergio salgado
XsXj4n-qOaY-02136-00373544-00373806 looking at you know inequality and firms
XsXj4n-qOaY-02137-00373807-00373910 and skewness and other
XsXj4n-qOaY-02138-00373911-00374215 topics um i mean for me
XsXj4n-qOaY-02139-00374216-00374439 i really like to read broadly rather
XsXj4n-qOaY-02140-00374440-00374582 than deeply it sounds an odd thing to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02141-00374583-00374743 say but you know every monday for
XsXj4n-qOaY-02142-00374744-00374871 example or sunday night the national
XsXj4n-qOaY-02143-00374872-00375063 bureau of economic research has their
XsXj4n-qOaY-02144-00375064-00375310 this vast email of all the recent papers
XsXj4n-qOaY-02145-00375311-00375430 i tend to try and scan
XsXj4n-qOaY-02146-00375431-00375615 every title and abstract i read the
XsXj4n-qOaY-02147-00375616-00375799 papers a lot i like the economist
XsXj4n-qOaY-02148-00375800-00375951 in the economist magazine it's good it's
XsXj4n-qOaY-02149-00375952-00376119 kind of often been a source of ideas
XsXj4n-qOaY-02150-00376120-00376215 actually of
XsXj4n-qOaY-02151-00376216-00376334 you know at least we're talking before
XsXj4n-qOaY-02152-00376335-00376454 the court i listen to your podcast
XsXj4n-qOaY-02153-00376455-00376606 actually listen to a lot of podcasts
XsXj4n-qOaY-02154-00376607-00376775 because i try and go out for a walk or a
XsXj4n-qOaY-02155-00376776-00376927 run for about an hour every day
XsXj4n-qOaY-02156-00376928-00377151 and mostly listen to podcasts i'd say
XsXj4n-qOaY-02157-00377152-00377334 well if i'm getting too tired i have to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02158-00377335-00377471 switch onto music
XsXj4n-qOaY-02159-00377472-00377734 um but yeah i think for me that's been
XsXj4n-qOaY-02160-00377735-00377854 helpful for uh
XsXj4n-qOaY-02161-00377855-00378095 coming up with new research ideas and
XsXj4n-qOaY-02162-00378096-00378263 what do you think will be the next
XsXj4n-qOaY-02163-00378264-00378471 different thing that you do it's not
XsXj4n-qOaY-02164-00378472-00378871 just an extension of current work
XsXj4n-qOaY-02165-00378872-00379151 geez that's hard to say i my best guess
XsXj4n-qOaY-02166-00379152-00379175 is
XsXj4n-qOaY-02167-00379176-00379302 as you said the other thing that's
XsXj4n-qOaY-02168-00379303-00379502 really helpful for me is working with
XsXj4n-qOaY-02169-00379503-00379823 with co-authors will be some you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-02170-00379824-00380151 bright sparky co-author grad student
XsXj4n-qOaY-02171-00380152-00380247 would suggest
XsXj4n-qOaY-02172-00380248-00380534 we should look at x and you know maybe
XsXj4n-qOaY-02173-00380535-00380678 they they're not that interested in i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02174-00380679-00380830 said no that's a great idea and you know
XsXj4n-qOaY-02175-00380831-00380975 maybe at some point it turns into a
XsXj4n-qOaY-02176-00380976-00381134 collaboration
XsXj4n-qOaY-02177-00381135-00381391 often or i'm giving a seminar a lot of
XsXj4n-qOaY-02178-00381392-00381543 great ideas come from just
XsXj4n-qOaY-02179-00381544-00381775 you know just for those that don't go on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02180-00381776-00381878 the academic seminar
XsXj4n-qOaY-02181-00381879-00382095 the way that academic seminars work is
XsXj4n-qOaY-02182-00382096-00382239 you know because at gmu
XsXj4n-qOaY-02183-00382240-00382415 uh not that long ago but you go and give
XsXj4n-qOaY-02184-00382416-00382623 a talk and then normally you get
XsXj4n-qOaY-02185-00382624-00382775 meetings in the morning in the afternoon
XsXj4n-qOaY-02186-00382776-00382910 so a classic
XsXj4n-qOaY-02187-00382911-00383087 day would be you turn up at 10 a.m you
XsXj4n-qOaY-02188-00383088-00383230 have half hour meetings and then the
XsXj4n-qOaY-02189-00383231-00383327 lunch and there's a talk in the
XsXj4n-qOaY-02190-00383328-00383495 afternoon and then dinner
XsXj4n-qOaY-02191-00383496-00383630 and what i really like is those
XsXj4n-qOaY-02192-00383631-00383727 one-on-one meetings because you're
XsXj4n-qOaY-02193-00383728-00383878 talking to lots of people for half an
XsXj4n-qOaY-02194-00383879-00384015 hour and i find them mentally really
XsXj4n-qOaY-02195-00384016-00384071 tiring
XsXj4n-qOaY-02196-00384072-00384254 because you're like fully on and i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02197-00384255-00384406 actually whenever i meet people i go to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02198-00384407-00384558 their website look them up for half an
XsXj4n-qOaY-02199-00384559-00384695 hour 20 minutes beforehand and really
XsXj4n-qOaY-02200-00384696-00384839 try and learn about what they work on it
XsXj4n-qOaY-02201-00384840-00384958 takes a lot of time
XsXj4n-qOaY-02202-00384959-00385191 but it's i find it really valuable and
XsXj4n-qOaY-02203-00385192-00385415 that's the great source of ideas so i'm
XsXj4n-qOaY-02204-00385416-00385575 personally also suffering
XsXj4n-qOaY-02205-00385576-00385815 in the sense of productivity as i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02206-00385816-00385999 mentioned i think the us economy is from
XsXj4n-qOaY-02207-00386000-00386182 working at home full time because
XsXj4n-qOaY-02208-00386183-00386358 those one-on-one meetings have stopped
XsXj4n-qOaY-02209-00386359-00386575 and my own production function in some
XsXj4n-qOaY-02210-00386576-00386639 ways of
XsXj4n-qOaY-02211-00386640-00386854 continuing current projects is fine i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02212-00386855-00387023 can do that but i do feel that
XsXj4n-qOaY-02213-00387024-00387254 if this carries on for another year i i
XsXj4n-qOaY-02214-00387255-00387415 feel like the u.s economy are going to
XsXj4n-qOaY-02215-00387416-00387519 suffer a little bit
XsXj4n-qOaY-02216-00387520-00387647 in terms of struggling to come up with
XsXj4n-qOaY-02217-00387648-00387791 new ideas because there's not so much
XsXj4n-qOaY-02218-00387792-00387975 one-on-one discussion i'm not randomly
XsXj4n-qOaY-02219-00387976-00388063 meeting people
XsXj4n-qOaY-02220-00388064-00388327 so i'm you know i can easily zoom in
XsXj4n-qOaY-02221-00388328-00388495 current people i know on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02222-00388496-00388687 or but it's much harder to come up with
XsXj4n-qOaY-02223-00388688-00388839 random people that seminars you would
XsXj4n-qOaY-02224-00388840-00388895 you know you
XsXj4n-qOaY-02225-00388896-00389119 you would have gone to but clearly on
XsXj4n-qOaY-02226-00389120-00389310 nick boom thank you very much
XsXj4n-qOaY-02227-00389311-00389430 tyler thanks very much for having me
XsXj4n-qOaY-02228-00389431-00390096 that was great
XtR0-MUaGnY-00000-00000229-00001111 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00001-00001112-00001641 do
XtR0-MUaGnY-00002-00001642-00002095 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00003-00002096-00002248 so
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XtR0-MUaGnY-00005-00003504-00003814 do
XtR0-MUaGnY-00006-00003815-00004894 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00007-00004895-00006744 [Music]
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XtR0-MUaGnY-00011-00008975-00009383 do
XtR0-MUaGnY-00012-00009384-00010774 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00013-00010775-00011774 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00014-00011775-00012004 do
XtR0-MUaGnY-00015-00012005-00012962 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00016-00012963-00014669 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00017-00014669-00015847 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00018-00015849-00017567 [Music]
XtR0-MUaGnY-00019-00017568-00017776 you
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00000-00000000-00000250 today I'm proud to say that under the
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00001-00000252-00000515 UK's presidency the group of the world's
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00002-00000516-00000815 seven most advanced economies the G7 is
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00003-00000816-00001019 launching a set of public policy
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00004-00001019-00001253 principles for retail Central Bank
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00005-00001254-00001582 digital currencies cbdcs
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00006-00001583-00001787 Central Bank digital currencies could be
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00007-00001788-00002032 a digital version of money a bit like a
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00008-00002034-00002201 digital banknote that could be used
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00009-00002202-00002418 alongside physical notes and coins
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00010-00002419-00002663 unlike most of the digital money people
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00011-00002664-00002897 use daily today it would be issued
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00012-00002898-00003131 directly by a central bank like the bank
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00013-00003132-00003401 of England in the UK and governments and
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00014-00003402-00003604 central banks across the world are
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00015-00003605-00003797 working together looking into what
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00016-00003797-00004061 having a digital currency might mean in
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00017-00004061-00004199 practice
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00018-00004200-00004391 this includes issues that people care
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00019-00004392-00004606 about such as ensuring users money would
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00020-00004607-00004811 be safe and secure that it could work
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00021-00004812-00005033 with other ways to pay would be energy
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00022-00005034-00005315 efficient and available to everyone
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00023-00005316-00005620 a potential cbdc could offer businesses
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00024-00005621-00005861 and consumers new ways to pay in the
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00025-00005862-00005963 future
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00026-00005964-00006179 it's all part of the wider story of
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00027-00006180-00006365 digital Innovation that has delivered
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00028-00006366-00006563 benefits to Millions around the world
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00029-00006564-00006748 and in the UK
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00030-00006750-00006934 the decision on whether to launch a
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00031-00006936-00007133 central bank digital currency is for
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00032-00007134-00007355 each country to make and no G7
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00033-00007356-00007596 jurisdiction has yet made that choice
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00034-00007597-00007810 these decisions raise important
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00035-00007811-00007973 questions about the reshaping of our
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00036-00007973-00008231 economy Financial systems and the way in
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00037-00008232-00008410 which people interact with money and
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00038-00008411-00008741 payments that's why working together and
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00039-00008742-00008921 careful evaluation with our
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00040-00008922-00009178 International Partners is essential
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00041-00009179-00009424 in the UK earlier this year I announced
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00042-00009425-00009641 a new Joint Task Force between the
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00043-00009642-00009851 treasury and the bank of England to look
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00044-00009852-00010156 into a potential cbdc as a complement to
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00045-00010157-00010391 cash and Bank deposits we're also
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00046-00010392-00010613 hearing from firms technology experts
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00047-00010614-00010727 and others
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00048-00010728-00010978 under the leadership of the UK this
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00049-00010979-00011213 report today will help support and
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00050-00011214-00011542 inform exploration of cbdc's in the G7
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00051-00011543-00011681 and Beyond
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00052-00011682-00011987 with these principles the G7 is leading
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00053-00011988-00012209 an important step change in the global
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00054-00012210-00012371 policy conversation
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00055-00012372-00012587 the report covers a range of important
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00056-00012588-00012785 matters such as Financial stability
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00057-00012786-00013057 cyber resilience Energy Efficiency
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00058-00013058-00013403 privacy inclusion and tackling illicit
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00059-00013404-00013535 Finance
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00060-00013536-00013793 these factors should all be considered
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00061-00013794-00013949 when designing and potentially
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00062-00013950-00014261 delivering a cbdc that would be fit for
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00063-00014262-00014380 the future
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00064-00014381-00014651 our shared objective is to ensure that
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00065-00014652-00014897 cbdcs would be grounded in long-standing
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00066-00014897-00015125 commitments to transparency the rule of
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00067-00015126-00015401 law and sound economic governance
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00068-00015402-00015622 the G7 will continue its work in this
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00069-00015623-00015827 important area working with others to
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00070-00015828-00016049 enhance understanding and use of these
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00071-00016050-00016175 principles
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00072-00016176-00016397 we're excited to be taking a leading
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00073-00016398-00016661 role with G7 members in publishing this
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00074-00016662-00016900 exploratory work bringing money and
Xv7t0TSrKHc-00075-00016901-00017342 finance into the 21st century
XvJY862Ne5A-00000-00000003-00000262 hi this is Chris chuckling and this is a
XvJY862Ne5A-00001-00000263-00000730 pre class presentation for transform
XvJY862Ne5A-00002-00000731-00000922 Terrace pottery the state-space models
XvJY862Ne5A-00003-00000923-00001265 this will be out Friday the 19th of
XvJY862Ne5A-00004-00001266-00001546 March and I'll deliver the actual class
XvJY862Ne5A-00005-00001547-00001873 so in this in this session what I want
XvJY862Ne5A-00006-00001875-00002134 to cover is the following
XvJY862Ne5A-00007-00002135-00002354 let's talk about transforms time
XvJY862Ne5A-00008-00002355-00002537 responses for States based models so I'm
XvJY862Ne5A-00009-00002538-00002654 going to be looking at the Laplace
XvJY862Ne5A-00010-00002655-00002860 transform of the state space model now
XvJY862Ne5A-00011-00002861-00003109 we convert from state space into
XvJY862Ne5A-00012-00003110-00003415 transfer function format will then use
XvJY862Ne5A-00013-00003417-00003677 that format to discuss the time response
XvJY862Ne5A-00014-00003678-00003940 for space based models will develop an
XvJY862Ne5A-00015-00003942-00004318 idea of call the resolver matrix and the
XvJY862Ne5A-00016-00004319-00004711 transition matrix and we will see how
XvJY862Ne5A-00017-00004712-00004868 these things can be used to solve
XvJY862Ne5A-00018-00004869-00005243 problems using the state space model and
XvJY862Ne5A-00019-00005244-00005416 the transfer function model together
XvJY862Ne5A-00020-00005417-00005681 we'll go for in a detail example of this
XvJY862Ne5A-00021-00005682-00006047 in the class so we will show on the
XvJY862Ne5A-00022-00006048-00006256 board step by step how we can apply
XvJY862Ne5A-00023-00006257-00006646 these ideas to a problem and there are
XvJY862Ne5A-00024-00006647-00006794 some additional problems in the in the
XvJY862Ne5A-00025-00006795-00007244 notes for for homework so we'll start
XvJY862Ne5A-00026-00007245-00007766 off by looking at how the state vectors
XvJY862Ne5A-00027-00007767-00007984 and things would relate to the transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00028-00007986-00009403 functions quite simply if we have a
XvJY862Ne5A-00029-00009404-00010035 if we have a vector of functions of time
XvJY862Ne5A-00030-00010036-00010543 then if we take the transform of those
XvJY862Ne5A-00031-00010544-00011506 it's simply going to be simply going to
XvJY862Ne5A-00032-00011507-00011830 be equal to the Laplace transform of the
XvJY862Ne5A-00033-00011831-00012193 vector which is given by this so it's
XvJY862Ne5A-00034-00012194-00012499 just simple l who you wanna T will be
XvJY862Ne5A-00035-00012500-00012742 will just come to correspond straight to
XvJY862Ne5A-00036-00012743-00013156 of the v1 of T do u 1 of s so quite
XvJY862Ne5A-00037-00013157-00013393 straight forward vectors become vectors
XvJY862Ne5A-00038-00013394-00013654 by a Laplace transform so works equally
XvJY862Ne5A-00039-00013655-00014359 well in both viewpoints so if we take an
XvJY862Ne5A-00040-00014360-00014604 example of a vector this one contains
XvJY862Ne5A-00041-00014605-00015436 three different different functions of
XvJY862Ne5A-00042-00015437-00015760 time we've got the unit step we've got a
XvJY862Ne5A-00043-00015761-00016030 decaying exponential exponential and
XvJY862Ne5A-00044-00016031-00016336 we've got a sine function and these are
XvJY862Ne5A-00045-00016337-00016612 all functions of time if we take a look
XvJY862Ne5A-00046-00016613-00016741 last transform with each of those
XvJY862Ne5A-00047-00016742-00016885 function of time you think the
XvJY862Ne5A-00048-00016886-00017122 equivalent vector would be one of the
XvJY862Ne5A-00049-00017123-00017368 rest for the input or the rest was a
XvJY862Ne5A-00050-00017369-00017593 except for the exponential B over s
XvJY862Ne5A-00051-00017594-00018304 square goes beasts with the same sine
XvJY862Ne5A-00052-00018305-00018625 function so a lecture of functions of
XvJY862Ne5A-00053-00018626-00018847 time becomes a vector of function space
XvJY862Ne5A-00054-00018848-00019697 all right applying the Laplace transform
XvJY862Ne5A-00055-00019698-00020137 so if we look at how we then how this
XvJY862Ne5A-00056-00020138-00020450 would apply them to stay space systems
XvJY862Ne5A-00057-00020451-00020719 what we have here is a state space model
XvJY862Ne5A-00058-00020720-00021160 and we've got DX by DT because ax plus
XvJY862Ne5A-00059-00021161-00021652 bu y equals 6 by plus tu and just
XvJY862Ne5A-00060-00021653-00021825 applying the Laplace transform
XvJY862Ne5A-00061-00021826-00022259 since ABCD are all constant matrices
XvJY862Ne5A-00062-00022260-00022617 it's saying this is simply s
XvJY862Ne5A-00063-00022618-00023022 times excellence which is the Laplace
XvJY862Ne5A-00064-00023023-00023278 transform differential minus the initial
XvJY862Ne5A-00065-00023279-00023655 conditions as a vector is equal to a
XvJY862Ne5A-00066-00023656-00024079 times X s plus B times u of X s very
XvJY862Ne5A-00067-00024080-00024361 straightforward and similarly Y simply a
XvJY862Ne5A-00068-00024362-00024883 x CX Plus D U and so we can always take
XvJY862Ne5A-00069-00024884-00025060 a transfer function and just convert it
XvJY862Ne5A-00070-00025061-00025394 into into the Laplace transforms using
XvJY862Ne5A-00071-00025395-00026455 those techniques so if we take an
XvJY862Ne5A-00072-00026456-00026761 example this is the circuit example from
XvJY862Ne5A-00073-00026762-00026989 last week and one I won't say too much
XvJY862Ne5A-00074-00026989-00027229 about this but this is the initial
XvJY862Ne5A-00075-00027230-00027532 system we've got in core voltage and
XvJY862Ne5A-00076-00027533-00027757 current these are the initial conditions
XvJY862Ne5A-00077-00027758-00027982 of those two volumes this is other
XvJY862Ne5A-00078-00027983-00028255 circuit components capacitor inductor
XvJY862Ne5A-00079-00028256-00028807 resistor they were combined for argument
XvJY862Ne5A-00080-00028808-00028957 in the last lecture we used all the
XvJY862Ne5A-00081-00028958-00029260 inputs all the possible outputs from the
XvJY862Ne5A-00082-00029261-00029589 system so we've got the voltage across
XvJY862Ne5A-00083-00029591-00029827 the capacitor the current flowing
XvJY862Ne5A-00084-00029827-00030055 through the inductor I think is the
XvJY862Ne5A-00085-00030056-00030373 voltage across the inductor voltage
XvJY862Ne5A-00086-00030374-00030613 across resistor and connect flying
XvJY862Ne5A-00087-00030614-00030969 through the other branch of the circuit
XvJY862Ne5A-00088-00030970-00031233 so you can see that these are all the
XvJY862Ne5A-00089-00031235-00031570 equations of motion do is this the D
XvJY862Ne5A-00090-00031570-00031789 vector is zero because we don't have any
XvJY862Ne5A-00091-00031789-00032026 direct tokens from the input to the
XvJY862Ne5A-00092-00032027-00032374 outlet so if we apply the first
XvJY862Ne5A-00093-00032375-00032640 transform to that we're gonna get sx- I
XvJY862Ne5A-00094-00032641-00033052 expect no ax being used as minus ax just
XvJY862Ne5A-00095-00033053-00033604 be this X naught so if we take the if we
XvJY862Ne5A-00096-00033605-00033877 take this term and we simplify it all
XvJY862Ne5A-00097-00033878-00034108 other terms and this is gonna be si
XvJY862Ne5A-00098-00034109-00034399 minus a times X where I is the identity
XvJY862Ne5A-00099-00034400-00034801 matrix which is another identity matrix
XvJY862Ne5A-00100-00034802-00035074 is a matrix which brought the traffic
XvJY862Ne5A-00101-00035075-00035530 here on the on the slides in this case
XvJY862Ne5A-00102-00035531-00035827 for 1 by 2 by 2 system
XvJY862Ne5A-00103-00035828-00035974 matrix would look like that but
XvJY862Ne5A-00104-00035975-00036237 generally would be a matrix with where
XvJY862Ne5A-00105-00036238-00037204 the diagonal ones and 0 0 else so we put
XvJY862Ne5A-00106-00037205-00037570 that value into the equation for C why
XvJY862Ne5A-00107-00037571-00038175 is C times si minus a 2 minus 1 inverse
XvJY862Ne5A-00108-00038176-00038611 bu plus C that's I want to say times X
XvJY862Ne5A-00109-00038612-00038944 naught plus do you gathering all the
XvJY862Ne5A-00110-00038945-00039148 terms together we get this term here
XvJY862Ne5A-00111-00039149-00039948 which represents the zero state response
XvJY862Ne5A-00112-00039949-00040285 these two equations give us together
XvJY862Ne5A-00113-00040286-00040495 give us the total response of the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00114-00040496-00040768 part of it is due to initial conditions
XvJY862Ne5A-00115-00040769-00041023 about depends only on pay and see in the
XvJY862Ne5A-00116-00041024-00042190 rest so we can write down a transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00117-00042191-00042442 function for our state space model why
XvJY862Ne5A-00118-00042443-00043135 is this matrix times view and so from
XvJY862Ne5A-00119-00043136-00043351 that we can say that the system transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00120-00043352-00043744 matrix is si si minus H minus 1 D plus D
XvJY862Ne5A-00121-00043745-00044188 and the I throw J column is going to be
XvJY862Ne5A-00122-00044189-00044346 the transfer function from the eyes
XvJY862Ne5A-00123-00044347-00044968 input to the chief high five quick sight
XvJY862Ne5A-00124-00044969-00045217 to the J think button or the set of
XvJY862Ne5A-00125-00045218-00045438 transfer functions for each one of those
XvJY862Ne5A-00126-00045439-00045682 and if we've got a single sip Inc that's
XvJY862Ne5A-00127-00045683-00045861 in your wiper system is dream to sleep
XvJY862Ne5A-00128-00045862-00046246 employment transfer function that matrix
XvJY862Ne5A-00129-00046247-00046615 si minus a to the minus 1 because it
XvJY862Ne5A-00130-00046616-00046771 hasn't been very important to determine
XvJY862Ne5A-00131-00046772-00047008 it's not dynamics in the system and we
XvJY862Ne5A-00132-00047009-00047386 call it the resolving matrix now we read
XvJY862Ne5A-00133-00047387-00047427 need
XvJY862Ne5A-00134-00047428-00047650 assign minus 18 I just want to do it is
XvJY862Ne5A-00135-00047651-00047914 the adjoint that's not good determinants
XvJY862Ne5A-00136-00047915-00048562 that's a way of solving system so if you
XvJY862Ne5A-00137-00048563-00048817 take the example that we had
XvJY862Ne5A-00138-00048818-00049212 the circuit that's fine is is this as I
XvJY862Ne5A-00139-00049213-00049546 might you say is going to be s times the
XvJY862Ne5A-00140-00049547-00049977 diagnose or SMS and then let's subtract
XvJY862Ne5A-00141-00049978-00050167 out from ninety that works so we're
XvJY862Ne5A-00142-00050168-00050545 going to get this matrix on top of this
XvJY862Ne5A-00143-00050546-00050768 is the determinant which is the
XvJY862Ne5A-00144-00050769-00051298 combination that's that's plus RL change
XvJY862Ne5A-00145-00051299-00051985 the signs so that's s plus R over L plus
XvJY862Ne5A-00146-00051986-00052254 one award can't see is the determinant
XvJY862Ne5A-00147-00052255-00052486 and that can be expected out fish are
XvJY862Ne5A-00148-00052487-00052759 there then on the top we've got the
XvJY862Ne5A-00149-00052760-00052978 adjoint matrix which we're to back to me
XvJY862Ne5A-00150-00052979-00053721 the simple means we take the original
XvJY862Ne5A-00151-00053722-00054057 original matrix and we swap the diagonal
XvJY862Ne5A-00152-00054058-00054487 terms so these are swapped places and
XvJY862Ne5A-00153-00054488-00054741 the after I get to exchange their site
XvJY862Ne5A-00154-00054742-00055084 so we end up with this matrix on top of
XvJY862Ne5A-00155-00055085-00055321 this determinant of course we can expand
XvJY862Ne5A-00156-00055322-00055566 that out as we see in the next slide so
XvJY862Ne5A-00157-00055567-00055903 if we take the total transfer function
XvJY862Ne5A-00158-00055904-00056185 we've got this input vector times this
XvJY862Ne5A-00159-00056186-00056722 lot times the output vector plus it's
XvJY862Ne5A-00160-00056723-00057230 the one that you're just cooking so we
XvJY862Ne5A-00161-00057232-00057529 do this multiplication first we take
XvJY862Ne5A-00162-00057529-00058079 this this row by by this column we get
XvJY862Ne5A-00163-00058080-00058467 this result on the top of this result in
XvJY862Ne5A-00164-00058469-00058651 the second time and then we multiply
XvJY862Ne5A-00165-00058652-00059267 this by this for each row in the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00166-00059269-00059515 so we're going to end up with this will
XvJY862Ne5A-00167-00059516-00059647 take you have a common factor which is
XvJY862Ne5A-00168-00059648-00060291 the determinant this this and so adding
XvJY862Ne5A-00169-00060292-00060634 in lucked do matrix is final value said
XvJY862Ne5A-00170-00060635-00060819 of transfer functions each one I was
XvJY862Ne5A-00171-00060820-00061206 saying denominator notice different
XvJY862Ne5A-00172-00061207-00061414 right
XvJY862Ne5A-00173-00061415-00061974 okay notice this one has an extra one so
XvJY862Ne5A-00174-00061975-00062286 far the old wall example that we can say
XvJY862Ne5A-00175-00062287-00062509 if we're interested in these three ones
XvJY862Ne5A-00176-00062510-00062671 and the way this transfer function if
XvJY862Ne5A-00177-00062672-00062839 interesting lead to what's maybe this
XvJY862Ne5A-00178-00062840-00063574 transfer function to do this in my club
XvJY862Ne5A-00179-00063575-00064009 recently take a transfer so it's not the
XvJY862Ne5A-00180-00064010-00064179 existing state space model of the
XvJY862Ne5A-00181-00064180-00064384 circuit system if I'm their BC D
XvJY862Ne5A-00182-00064385-00064807 matrices just from the transfer function
XvJY862Ne5A-00183-00064808-00065038 by tying up the transfer function
XvJY862Ne5A-00184-00065039-00065344 operator exact lie between the vector of
XvJY862Ne5A-00185-00065345-00065497 transfer functions in this particular
XvJY862Ne5A-00186-00065498-00065794 case I can probably demonstrate that in
XvJY862Ne5A-00187-00065795-00066357 class if you're interested the
XvJY862Ne5A-00188-00066358-00066520 characteristics of this equation the
XvJY862Ne5A-00189-00066521-00066823 system poles they simply given by the
XvJY862Ne5A-00190-00066824-00067003 denominator just as they are in for a
XvJY862Ne5A-00191-00067004-00067201 normal fast transform denominator is
XvJY862Ne5A-00192-00067202-00067567 given by the determinant and when that
XvJY862Ne5A-00193-00067568-00067711 is equal to not so the characteristic
XvJY862Ne5A-00194-00067712-00068032 equation in space based change is the
XvJY862Ne5A-00195-00068033-00068432 determinant of Si minus a because not
XvJY862Ne5A-00196-00068433-00068928 zeros are those values for which if we
XvJY862Ne5A-00197-00068929-00069400 combine the terms as iong as ax plus B u
XvJY862Ne5A-00198-00069401-00069835 CX plus 2 u y both equals 0 when the
XvJY862Ne5A-00199-00069836-00070030 input is not 0 in the states of non zero
XvJY862Ne5A-00200-00070031-00070326 and then a non trivial case and this is
XvJY862Ne5A-00201-00070327-00070588 this can be represented as a as a block
XvJY862Ne5A-00202-00070589-00070971 matrix yes I might say that upper left
XvJY862Ne5A-00203-00070972-00071244 being the upper right seen the lower
XvJY862Ne5A-00204-00071245-00071521 left and D in the lower right and of
XvJY862Ne5A-00205-00071522-00071656 course they did that mention the
XvJY862Ne5A-00206-00071657-00072067 matrices should match which of these may
XvJY862Ne5A-00207-00072068-00072463 be multiplied this by x mmm that should
XvJY862Ne5A-00208-00072464-00072801 be equal to 0 0 symmetry determined
XvJY862Ne5A-00209-00072802-00073101 later so in other words the determinant
XvJY862Ne5A-00210-00073102-00073528 of this block matrix gives us a zeros of
XvJY862Ne5A-00211-00073529-00074137 the transfer function
XvJY862Ne5A-00212-00074138-00074489 so we can write rewrite the transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00213-00074490-00074731 function is the determinant of this
XvJY862Ne5A-00214-00074732-00075062 block matrix to find it I'll turn into
XvJY862Ne5A-00215-00075063-00075302 this on my side this is the total
XvJY862Ne5A-00216-00075303-00075629 transfer function fit system to find
XvJY862Ne5A-00217-00075630-00075830 Paul zeroes in my club we simply use
XvJY862Ne5A-00218-00075831-00076813 that pre-k function matrix an important
XvJY862Ne5A-00219-00076814-00077027 consequence of all this is that the
XvJY862Ne5A-00220-00077028-00077317 state transition matrix the SI minus a
XvJY862Ne5A-00221-00077318-00077812 term to minus 1 which we call fine is
XvJY862Ne5A-00222-00077813-00078041 very important when it comes to
XvJY862Ne5A-00223-00078042-00078320 determining the transient response of a
XvJY862Ne5A-00224-00078321-00078755 system it's given it basically it tells
XvJY862Ne5A-00225-00078756-00079130 us the poles and the zeros of the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00226-00079131-00079439 and so it determines the challenge of
XvJY862Ne5A-00227-00079440-00079637 the following staff the system itself so
XvJY862Ne5A-00228-00079638-00079889 this Phi of 2 which is look inverse
XvJY862Ne5A-00229-00079890-00080129 Laplace transform of this is an
XvJY862Ne5A-00230-00080130-00080312 important functions interesting to know
XvJY862Ne5A-00231-00080313-00080554 what kind what kind of structure it has
XvJY862Ne5A-00232-00080555-00080798 and we can get at this by just taking
XvJY862Ne5A-00233-00080799-00080981 the capture stick equation if we assume
XvJY862Ne5A-00234-00080982-00081218 that we've got a fully populated a
XvJY862Ne5A-00235-00081219-00081487 matrix with all or coefficients in place
XvJY862Ne5A-00236-00081488-00081841 the nests are - a has been up this form
XvJY862Ne5A-00237-00081842-00082154 smoothly s minus a11 that's not a thank
XvJY862Ne5A-00238-00082155-00082352 you to someone on the diagonals and then
XvJY862Ne5A-00239-00082353-00082601 the negatives of all the other
XvJY862Ne5A-00240-00082602-00083231 coefficients on the off diagonals and
XvJY862Ne5A-00241-00083232-00083885 this the determinant of this will always
XvJY862Ne5A-00242-00083886-00084125 have this is in this form so the
XvJY862Ne5A-00243-00084126-00084383 numerator not the forum like this it's
XvJY862Ne5A-00244-00084384-00084521 always going to be one less than the
XvJY862Ne5A-00245-00084522-00084787 denominator if this is a proper system
XvJY862Ne5A-00246-00084788-00085273 denominator is going to have this form
XvJY862Ne5A-00247-00085274-00085798 and we can always take that that
XvJY862Ne5A-00248-00085799-00086012 dominant two dominant the captured
XvJY862Ne5A-00249-00086013-00086180 polynomial in the worst we can always
XvJY862Ne5A-00250-00086181-00086471 factorize that into s minus PS minus P 2
XvJY862Ne5A-00251-00086472-00086750 and so on and these will be known as the
XvJY862Ne5A-00252-00086751-00086928 characteristic values
XvJY862Ne5A-00253-00086929-00087224 well I give al use when it turns out
XvJY862Ne5A-00254-00087225-00087450 there are three eigenvalues of the
XvJY862Ne5A-00255-00087451-00087660 matrix a as we've seen a laser
XvJY862Ne5A-00256-00087661-00087891 literature and of course there also
XvJY862Ne5A-00257-00087892-00088170 because the denominator of the transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00258-00088171-00088518 function there also the poles of the
XvJY862Ne5A-00259-00088519-00088887 original system as well so the eigen
XvJY862Ne5A-00260-00088888-00089034 values of the a matrix turn out to the
XvJY862Ne5A-00261-00089035-00089478 polls of the quality of the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00262-00089479-00090090 we can always expand this format so the
XvJY862Ne5A-00263-00090091-00090420 response Phi when given input output
XvJY862Ne5A-00264-00090421-00090759 combinations is going to be a set of
XvJY862Ne5A-00265-00090760-00091152 terms like this partial fraction is
XvJY862Ne5A-00266-00091153-00091413 funded form some message or S Plus P
XvJY862Ne5A-00267-00091414-00091694 minus p1 you waste your time and so on
XvJY862Ne5A-00268-00091695-00091983 so these are all going to have this this
XvJY862Ne5A-00269-00091984-00092288 sort of form means the minus is the PT
XvJY862Ne5A-00270-00092289-00092679 type of structure so the output response
XvJY862Ne5A-00271-00092680-00092829 is always going to be a linear
XvJY862Ne5A-00272-00092830-00093258 combination of exponential terms where
XvJY862Ne5A-00273-00093259-00093600 the exponential value is equal to the
XvJY862Ne5A-00274-00093601-00094176 pole so this is always going to be the
XvJY862Ne5A-00275-00094177-00094314 format so I'm going to be let's sort of
XvJY862Ne5A-00276-00094315-00094584 someone off exponential terms of course
XvJY862Ne5A-00277-00094585-00094785 there may be some complex ones it's a
XvJY862Ne5A-00278-00094786-00095013 repeated ones but then in general this
XvJY862Ne5A-00279-00095014-00095445 is the form so this this sort of gives
XvJY862Ne5A-00280-00095446-00095637 the transient response of the system is
XvJY862Ne5A-00281-00095638-00095906 called a state transition function fine
XvJY862Ne5A-00282-00095907-00096240 if nothing else was changed finally the
XvJY862Ne5A-00283-00096241-00096963 system would respond and it turns out
XvJY862Ne5A-00284-00096964-00097221 that this matrix this this transition
XvJY862Ne5A-00285-00097222-00097449 matrix is n by n as well same size as
XvJY862Ne5A-00286-00097450-00097740 the a matrix each elements is going to
XvJY862Ne5A-00287-00097741-00098001 be a linear combination of those mode
XvJY862Ne5A-00288-00098002-00098190 functions we call them or simply modes
XvJY862Ne5A-00289-00098191-00098679 the p1 to p2 insulin since each one of
XvJY862Ne5A-00290-00098680-00098820 these modes is constructed from the
XvJY862Ne5A-00291-00098821-00099072 eigen values of p1 p2 the Queen under
XvJY862Ne5A-00292-00099073-00099434 the system of the other zeros then
XvJY862Ne5A-00293-00099435-00099636 there's a direct relationship between
XvJY862Ne5A-00294-00099637-00099846 the characteristic of the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00295-00099847-00100095 response and the cosy system which of
XvJY862Ne5A-00296-00100096-00100128 course
XvJY862Ne5A-00297-00100129-00100431 we already view because we call it the
XvJY862Ne5A-00298-00100432-00100569 closed attaches to the equation for
XvJY862Ne5A-00299-00100570-00100989 something close with systems and he's
XvJY862Ne5A-00300-00100990-00101142 also worth noting the eigen values they
XvJY862Ne5A-00301-00101143-00101370 a matrix and um the poles in the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00302-00101371-00102015 we take space models so if we want to
XvJY862Ne5A-00303-00102016-00102195 consider the response of the hope the
XvJY862Ne5A-00304-00102196-00102378 overall response the system just to the
XvJY862Ne5A-00305-00102379-00102719 inputs and we would we would use these
XvJY862Ne5A-00306-00102720-00103122 equations the responses the transform of
XvJY862Ne5A-00307-00103123-00103334 the response of the state matrix is
XvJY862Ne5A-00308-00103335-00103556 given by si minus a to the minus 1 times
XvJY862Ne5A-00309-00103557-00103841 X acknowledge our Phi of s and X naught
XvJY862Ne5A-00310-00103842-00104193 and therefore if we want to find the
XvJY862Ne5A-00311-00104194-00104406 response of the output to that we just
XvJY862Ne5A-00312-00104407-00104691 simply move pre multiply that thing by
XvJY862Ne5A-00313-00104692-00105066 the Quebec matrix see I mean this will
XvJY862Ne5A-00314-00105067-00105294 be another linear combination of those
XvJY862Ne5A-00315-00105295-00105726 modes if we want the zero state response
XvJY862Ne5A-00316-00105727-00106033 one of the responses system to the
XvJY862Ne5A-00317-00106034-00106428 inputs only then we can get that through
XvJY862Ne5A-00318-00106429-00106644 these of two these two equations X of s
XvJY862Ne5A-00319-00106645-00107028 is there is our matrix times B U of S
XvJY862Ne5A-00320-00107029-00107664 now is to transform the inputs so this 0
XvJY862Ne5A-00321-00107665-00107922 false 0 I put our first response is
XvJY862Ne5A-00322-00107923-00108555 given by 0 state is given by this this
XvJY862Ne5A-00323-00108556-00108732 of course is the system transfer
XvJY862Ne5A-00324-00108733-00109235 function matrix so for the full system
XvJY862Ne5A-00325-00109236-00109508 response since the system is systems are
XvJY862Ne5A-00326-00109509-00109764 linear superposition applies we can just
XvJY862Ne5A-00327-00109765-00110076 find a floor response by adding the 0
XvJY862Ne5A-00328-00110077-00110283 state response together
XvJY862Ne5A-00329-00110283-00110514 and if we put those in matrix form use
XvJY862Ne5A-00330-00110515-00110684 anyway what we get an equation like this
XvJY862Ne5A-00331-00110685-00111035 this is this part of it is the system
XvJY862Ne5A-00332-00111036-00111308 response to the states this is a
XvJY862Ne5A-00333-00111309-00111536 response this Plus this gives you
XvJY862Ne5A-00334-00111538-00111771 response to the inputs and this is the
XvJY862Ne5A-00335-00111772-00111948 director of Coco any direct connections
XvJY862Ne5A-00336-00111949-00112158 between the input and the output that
XvJY862Ne5A-00337-00112158-00112817 might exist
XvJY862Ne5A-00338-00112818-00113063 so basically that's where I want to
XvJY862Ne5A-00339-00113064-00113291 start on the pre class representation
XvJY862Ne5A-00340-00113292-00113498 we've got an equation here that allows
XvJY862Ne5A-00341-00113499-00113765 us to determine the response of any
XvJY862Ne5A-00342-00113766-00113933 system given its initial conditions and
XvJY862Ne5A-00343-00113933-00114173 its inputs providing those inputs come
XvJY862Ne5A-00344-00114174-00114416 to transform using Laplace and we can
XvJY862Ne5A-00345-00114417-00114620 get out through the forest bus and of
XvJY862Ne5A-00346-00114621-00114779 course to get up the actual time
XvJY862Ne5A-00347-00114780-00114974 response all we would need to do is take
XvJY862Ne5A-00348-00114975-00115183 this for response and then inverse
XvJY862Ne5A-00349-00115184-00115523 Laplace transform the result so what I
XvJY862Ne5A-00350-00115524-00115829 want to do in the class is to actually
XvJY862Ne5A-00351-00115830-00116345 show a detailed example of this in the
XvJY862Ne5A-00352-00116346-00116560 notes you can have a pre you can look at
XvJY862Ne5A-00353-00116561-00116915 it if you have the time but we go
XvJY862Ne5A-00354-00116916-00117200 through that example in class is also if
XvJY862Ne5A-00355-00117201-00117385 they have time show me how we can use
XvJY862Ne5A-00356-00117386-00117644 much like to solve these equations using
XvJY862Ne5A-00357-00117645-00117958 a symbolic toolbox and the various data
XvJY862Ne5A-00358-00117959-00118318 transfer function functions and
XvJY862Ne5A-00359-00118319-00118613 hopefully you enjoy the session when it
XvJY862Ne5A-00360-00118614-00118940 starts when I'll see you in the class on
XvJY862Ne5A-00361-00118941-00119177 Friday so thanks for watching and see
XvJY862Ne5A-00362-00119178-00119410 you soon
XwRp9GxuIVM-00001-00003254-00003604 [Music]
XwRp9GxuIVM-00002-00003604-00003824 welcome back to another my name too is
XwRp9GxuIVM-00003-00003825-00004072 video as you did here we are going to be
XwRp9GxuIVM-00004-00004073-00004279 doing a comparison between D let's
XwRp9GxuIVM-00005-00004280-00004484 Health Products Batista right here going
XwRp9GxuIVM-00006-00004485-00004661 one-on-one with my custom elite
XwRp9GxuIVM-00007-00004662-00004861 WrestleMania 21 but ISA on the right
XwRp9GxuIVM-00008-00004862-00005042 here and I'm very excited for this
XwRp9GxuIVM-00009-00005043-00005183 matchup I'm gonna take you through both
XwRp9GxuIVM-00010-00005184-00005438 figures compare them you know head scans
XwRp9GxuIVM-00011-00005439-00005708 pain apps every single thing a parts
XwRp9GxuIVM-00012-00005709-00005867 choice every single thing that we can
XwRp9GxuIVM-00013-00005868-00006031 cover to compare these guys we're gonna
XwRp9GxuIVM-00014-00006032-00006206 put them through it to see who the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00015-00006207-00006475 ultimate Batista is from that moment in
XwRp9GxuIVM-00016-00006476-00006748 his career again like you heard we will
XwRp9GxuIVM-00017-00006750-00006941 be putting the loser through the table
XwRp9GxuIVM-00018-00006942-00007120 with a Batista Bomb so let's go ahead
XwRp9GxuIVM-00019-00007122-00007352 and conduct this challenge it is for the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00020-00007353-00007598 World Heavyweight Championship alright
XwRp9GxuIVM-00021-00007598-00007763 guys so starting things off when
XwRp9GxuIVM-00022-00007764-00007919 comparing these two figures you will
XwRp9GxuIVM-00023-00007920-00008056 notice that the head scans are not
XwRp9GxuIVM-00024-00008058-00008330 completely the same I did not get this
XwRp9GxuIVM-00025-00008331-00008549 elite originally on the right with this
XwRp9GxuIVM-00026-00008550-00008692 head scan I did have to get a
XwRp9GxuIVM-00027-00008693-00008939 Wrestlemania heritage Batista and pop it
XwRp9GxuIVM-00028-00008940-00009245 on the elite - Batista body so that is
XwRp9GxuIVM-00029-00009246-00009389 what you're seeing here as you can see
XwRp9GxuIVM-00030-00009390-00009653 the hair color of the custom is black
XwRp9GxuIVM-00031-00009654-00009866 and the hair color on the official
XwRp9GxuIVM-00032-00009867-00010085 Mattel is like a darkish Brown and I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00033-00010086-00010249 think that darkish Brown is more
XwRp9GxuIVM-00034-00010250-00010469 accurate however I think I like the look
XwRp9GxuIVM-00035-00010470-00010753 of the darker like black color more when
XwRp9GxuIVM-00036-00010754-00010871 I'm looking at the figures and the head
XwRp9GxuIVM-00037-00010872-00011056 scans are not completely the same I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00038-00011057-00011260 think I like the one on the right better
XwRp9GxuIVM-00039-00011261-00011483 it's like a more menacing face if you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00040-00011484-00011806 guys can tell I think I am going to say
XwRp9GxuIVM-00041-00011807-00011951 that the head scan I'm gonna go with the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00042-00011952-00012277 custom the custom is slightly better and
XwRp9GxuIVM-00043-00012278-00012542 so I like the shape of it too like you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00044-00012543-00012767 can kind of tell the shape there I kinda
XwRp9GxuIVM-00045-00012768-00013036 am liking the custom head more so I'm
XwRp9GxuIVM-00046-00013037-00013319 gonna go with the custom is up once
XwRp9GxuIVM-00047-00013321-00013602 here with the head scans up next we're
XwRp9GxuIVM-00048-00013603-00013772 gonna get into the torsos here and if
XwRp9GxuIVM-00049-00013774-00013902 you can tell at first glance I thought
XwRp9GxuIVM-00050-00013903-00014118 these things were the exact same but if
XwRp9GxuIVM-00051-00014119-00014310 you look at it better I think this one
XwRp9GxuIVM-00052-00014311-00014553 is slightly wider and you can see that
XwRp9GxuIVM-00053-00014554-00014813 it's it's a bit lower here so if you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00054-00014815-00014972 look here you can see all three abs
XwRp9GxuIVM-00055-00014974-00015156 pretty good on this one it's like two
XwRp9GxuIVM-00056-00015157-00015341 and a half ABS if you're seeing that and
XwRp9GxuIVM-00057-00015343-00015522 it is a little bit wider in the chest I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00058-00015522-00015660 believe like this is more like circular
XwRp9GxuIVM-00059-00015661-00015954 and this is more like dinner there it
XwRp9GxuIVM-00060-00015955-00016094 makes sort of like a triangle looking
XwRp9GxuIVM-00061-00016096-00016335 pattern and I think I like the custom
XwRp9GxuIVM-00062-00016336-00016551 more when it comes to the the chest
XwRp9GxuIVM-00063-00016552-00016743 options I think this is more accurate to
XwRp9GxuIVM-00064-00016744-00017004 Bateses actual torso so I'm gonna go
XwRp9GxuIVM-00065-00017005-00017223 custom again on this one so the custom
XwRp9GxuIVM-00066-00017224-00017406 has an early 200 lead not looking good
XwRp9GxuIVM-00067-00017407-00017598 for Mattel right now but it is very
XwRp9GxuIVM-00068-00017599-00017766 early right now so who knows who's gonna
XwRp9GxuIVM-00069-00017767-00017925 take it but right now the custom is up
XwRp9GxuIVM-00070-00017926-00018153 to 2-0 up next we're gonna take a look
XwRp9GxuIVM-00071-00018154-00018369 at the tattoos as you see the Hall of
XwRp9GxuIVM-00072-00018370-00018537 Champions is here on the left and it's
XwRp9GxuIVM-00073-00018538-00018759 kind of hard to even differentiate I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00074-00018760-00018930 thought like this one is a bit longer
XwRp9GxuIVM-00075-00018931-00019095 but besides that they're pretty much the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00076-00019096-00019221 same I really can't tell a difference
XwRp9GxuIVM-00077-00019222-00019389 between these two so what we're gonna
XwRp9GxuIVM-00078-00019390-00019560 have to do is compare the back tattoo
XwRp9GxuIVM-00079-00019561-00019782 and the other shoulder tat to see who
XwRp9GxuIVM-00080-00019783-00020019 wins on the tattoos alright guys so
XwRp9GxuIVM-00081-00020020-00020262 taking a look at the back tattoos here I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00082-00020263-00020481 gotta say I like the way the custom one
XwRp9GxuIVM-00083-00020482-00020625 looks just because I think the figure is
XwRp9GxuIVM-00084-00020626-00020838 so old that it kind of fades but there
XwRp9GxuIVM-00085-00020839-00021054 is some like paint missing in here as
XwRp9GxuIVM-00086-00021055-00021300 you can tell if you compare the two the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00087-00021301-00021528 tattoo is sort of marking off so I guess
XwRp9GxuIVM-00088-00021529-00021786 I gotta go with my tails in this one you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00089-00021787-00021915 know they printed it on there perfectly
XwRp9GxuIVM-00090-00021916-00022116 of course Mattel did print this one but
XwRp9GxuIVM-00091-00022117-00022281 I feel like this is a better
XwRp9GxuIVM-00092-00022282-00022524 representation of the tattoo on the back
XwRp9GxuIVM-00093-00022525-00022710 and as we compare the two on the sides
XwRp9GxuIVM-00094-00022711-00022887 with his Chinese lettering it may be
XwRp9GxuIVM-00095-00022888-00023181 Japanese so I apologize but I'm feeling
XwRp9GxuIVM-00096-00023182-00023349 this one over here I just like the way
XwRp9GxuIVM-00097-00023350-00023595 that looks better so I think my tail is
XwRp9GxuIVM-00098-00023596-00023811 gonna win it with the tattoos we look at
XwRp9GxuIVM-00099-00023812-00024027 the belly buttons here as well so I mean
XwRp9GxuIVM-00100-00024028-00024270 it's kind of hard to tell but I am gonna
XwRp9GxuIVM-00101-00024271-00024531 go with Mattel on the you can see like
XwRp9GxuIVM-00102-00024532-00024807 the the lines on the left is better it's
XwRp9GxuIVM-00103-00024808-00025071 just more crisp looking and not as like
XwRp9GxuIVM-00104-00025072-00025233 faded out so I'm gonna go with Mattel
XwRp9GxuIVM-00105-00025234-00025493 and the tattoos so now it is 2 2 1
XwRp9GxuIVM-00106-00025494-00025794 custom leading the way Argus up next
XwRp9GxuIVM-00107-00025795-00026019 we're gonna compare the trunks decals
XwRp9GxuIVM-00108-00026020-00026343 which one looks more like that moment at
XwRp9GxuIVM-00109-00026344-00026586 WrestleMania 21 and I knew for a fact
XwRp9GxuIVM-00110-00026587-00026655 that Mattel
XwRp9GxuIVM-00111-00026656-00026805 gonna crush this one you know they have
XwRp9GxuIVM-00112-00026806-00026952 the ability they have the connections
XwRp9GxuIVM-00113-00026952-00027258 with WWE they can get perfect logos of
XwRp9GxuIVM-00114-00027258-00027432 what Batista was wearing and that's what
XwRp9GxuIVM-00115-00027433-00027648 they did here back in the day I don't
XwRp9GxuIVM-00116-00027649-00027867 think that there was a clear image of
XwRp9GxuIVM-00117-00027868-00028139 the graphics that Batista used on his
XwRp9GxuIVM-00118-00028141-00028352 trunks so I think we were just you know
XwRp9GxuIVM-00119-00028354-00028514 that we had to just go based off what we
XwRp9GxuIVM-00120-00028516-00028761 can really make out in images and you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00121-00028762-00028992 know videos of WrestleMania 21 so it's
XwRp9GxuIVM-00122-00028993-00029195 obvious here that Mattel crushes the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00123-00029197-00029402 custom so the game has to be tied here
XwRp9GxuIVM-00124-00029404-00029625 you can check on the back as well that
XwRp9GxuIVM-00125-00029626-00029898 there is no comparison like Mattel's is
XwRp9GxuIVM-00126-00029899-00030089 much more cleaner a lot better looking
XwRp9GxuIVM-00127-00030091-00030312 and just way more accurate obvious
XwRp9GxuIVM-00128-00030313-00030527 because you know again they have
XwRp9GxuIVM-00129-00030529-00030699 connections with WWE they can get the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00130-00030700-00030954 exact logo they need so I got to go with
XwRp9GxuIVM-00131-00030955-00031149 Mattel there that ties up the game and
XwRp9GxuIVM-00132-00031150-00031302 now we're gonna come down to crunch time
XwRp9GxuIVM-00133-00031302-00031527 guys it's the tiebreaker round so for
XwRp9GxuIVM-00134-00031527-00031689 the tiebreaker round guys we got to go
XwRp9GxuIVM-00135-00031689-00031944 with who has the most accurate colored
XwRp9GxuIVM-00136-00031945-00032162 trunks and boots to that moment at
XwRp9GxuIVM-00137-00032163-00032376 WrestleMania 21 and at first glance I
XwRp9GxuIVM-00138-00032377-00032552 really did not know who to go with I had
XwRp9GxuIVM-00139-00032554-00032742 to study the pictures hard I think you
XwRp9GxuIVM-00140-00032743-00032919 know investigate had to rewatch the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00141-00032920-00033063 match had to make sure I had all the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00142-00033064-00033387 angles covered and my decision and the
XwRp9GxuIVM-00143-00033388-00033621 new and crowned World Heavyweight
XwRp9GxuIVM-00144-00033622-00034077 Champion is going to be the custom
XwRp9GxuIVM-00145-00034078-00036027 [Applause]
XwRp9GxuIVM-00146-00036028-00036332 and the New World Heavyweight Champion
XwRp9GxuIVM-00147-00036333-00036587 is much Hell's Hall of Champions Batista
XwRp9GxuIVM-00148-00036588-00036821 thank you guys so much for watching do
XwRp9GxuIVM-00149-00036822-00037130 you agree with the decision of Mattel
XwRp9GxuIVM-00150-00037131-00037301 winning this thing let me know down in
XwRp9GxuIVM-00151-00037302-00037442 the comments section below leave a like
XwRp9GxuIVM-00152-00037443-00037673 if you liked the video subscribe for
XwRp9GxuIVM-00153-00037674-00037924 more epic WWE WWE figure related videos
XwRp9GxuIVM-00154-00037925-00038057 and I will see you guys in the next
XwRp9GxuIVM-00155-00038058-00038099 video
XwRp9GxuIVM-00156-00038100-00038399 thank you
XwYMeXvhODI-00000-00000000-00000143 foreign
XwYMeXvhODI-00001-00000144-00002832 [Music]
XwYMeXvhODI-00002-00002833-00003893 [Music]
XwYMeXvhODI-00003-00003894-00004026 foreign
XwYMeXvhODI-00005-00007056-00007678 foreign
XwYMeXvhODI-00006-00007679-00009983 [Music]
XwYMeXvhODI-00007-00009984-00010185 foreign
XwYMeXvhODI-00008-00010186-00010469 [Music]
XwYMeXvhODI-00009-00010470-00010857 foreign
XwYMeXvhODI-00010-00010858-00011709 [Music]
XzpFT0eAIhk-00000-00000032-00000318 we live in a almost a small community
XzpFT0eAIhk-00001-00000319-00000366 here
XzpFT0eAIhk-00002-00000367-00000526 and we interact with each other across
XzpFT0eAIhk-00003-00000527-00000751 campus all day every day
XzpFT0eAIhk-00004-00000752-00000943 and that vaccine is going to give us an
XzpFT0eAIhk-00005-00000944-00001070 opportunity
XzpFT0eAIhk-00006-00001071-00001287 to really kind of bring this pandemic to
XzpFT0eAIhk-00007-00001288-00001527 an end purdue is a community
XzpFT0eAIhk-00008-00001528-00001710 and this is a virus which affects the
XzpFT0eAIhk-00009-00001711-00001926 community so we shall do our part
XzpFT0eAIhk-00010-00001927-00002215 it's not simply about the individual
XzpFT0eAIhk-00011-00002216-00002287 it's about
XzpFT0eAIhk-00012-00002288-00002591 everybody and the faster we get a large
XzpFT0eAIhk-00013-00002592-00002799 fraction of people vaccinated
XzpFT0eAIhk-00014-00002800-00002950 the faster we're going to get back to
XzpFT0eAIhk-00015-00002951-00003154 normal i see it as a sense of
XzpFT0eAIhk-00016-00003155-00003343 responsibility too
XzpFT0eAIhk-00017-00003344-00003663 i see it as empathy as well
XzpFT0eAIhk-00018-00003664-00003847 empathy in the sense that we're not only
XzpFT0eAIhk-00019-00003847-00003990 in this alone
XzpFT0eAIhk-00020-00003992-00004279 it's all of us we've learned in the last
XzpFT0eAIhk-00021-00004280-00004335 year
XzpFT0eAIhk-00022-00004336-00004583 about our commitment and our resilience
XzpFT0eAIhk-00023-00004584-00004735 as a university because
XzpFT0eAIhk-00024-00004736-00005054 we haven't had to stop classes
XzpFT0eAIhk-00025-00005055-00005183 when people have been told i have to
XzpFT0eAIhk-00026-00005184-00005391 quarantine they don't throw a fit they
XzpFT0eAIhk-00027-00005392-00005495 do that
XzpFT0eAIhk-00028-00005496-00005815 what i want to say is how proud i
XzpFT0eAIhk-00029-00005816-00006063 am of the purdue community just walking
XzpFT0eAIhk-00030-00006064-00006279 to my car on my way here
XzpFT0eAIhk-00031-00006280-00006527 everyone had a mask on it and you don't
XzpFT0eAIhk-00032-00006528-00006598 see that
XzpFT0eAIhk-00033-00006600-00006927 other places our emphasis on protect
XzpFT0eAIhk-00034-00006928-00007023 purdue
XzpFT0eAIhk-00035-00007023-00007255 i think that has brought us together as
XzpFT0eAIhk-00036-00007256-00007383 a community
XzpFT0eAIhk-00037-00007384-00007646 and i see that this will only make us
XzpFT0eAIhk-00038-00007647-00007855 stronger in the future
XzpFT0eAIhk-00039-00007856-00008199 the students have given me encouragement
XzpFT0eAIhk-00040-00008200-00008407 it was the work and what the students
XzpFT0eAIhk-00041-00008408-00008574 did that gave me hope that we are going
XzpFT0eAIhk-00042-00008575-00008719 to be okay
XzpFT0eAIhk-00043-00008720-00008974 this is our ability to adapt when things
XzpFT0eAIhk-00044-00008975-00009039 change
XzpFT0eAIhk-00045-00009040-00009391 boiler makers respond this culture
XzpFT0eAIhk-00046-00009392-00009735 that is instilled in our students and
XzpFT0eAIhk-00047-00009736-00010006 others on campus is really great for the
XzpFT0eAIhk-00048-00010007-00010223 future of purdue
XzpFT0eAIhk-00049-00010224-00010431 we've proved that we're great in another
XzpFT0eAIhk-00050-00010432-00010638 way and it's something that we can build
XzpFT0eAIhk-00051-00010639-00010799 on for the future
XzpFT0eAIhk-00052-00010800-00011110 my resilience is there i'm stronger than
XzpFT0eAIhk-00053-00011111-00011263 what i thought i was
XzpFT0eAIhk-00054-00011264-00011471 if we can keep the best of what was
XzpFT0eAIhk-00055-00011472-00011606 before
XzpFT0eAIhk-00056-00011607-00011791 and combine that with the best of what
XzpFT0eAIhk-00057-00011792-00012006 we've learned over the last year
XzpFT0eAIhk-00058-00012007-00012270 what we're going to have after covid is
XzpFT0eAIhk-00059-00012271-00012414 going to be better than what we had
XzpFT0eAIhk-00060-00012415-00012503 before
XzpFT0eAIhk-00061-00012504-00012719 we now understand more than ever how
XzpFT0eAIhk-00062-00012720-00012815 much we depend
XzpFT0eAIhk-00063-00012816-00013158 on each other how much when we say
XzpFT0eAIhk-00064-00013159-00013415 the purdue community it really is a
XzpFT0eAIhk-00065-00013416-00013655 community and we directly affect each
XzpFT0eAIhk-00066-00013656-00013815 other's lives
XzpFT0eAIhk-00067-00013816-00014693 our successes and our next steps
XzpFT0eAIhk-00068-00014694-00015028 [Music]
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00000-00000028-00000265 excuse me I would like to sign up for a
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00001-00000266-00000499 new membership is there any packages you
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00002-00000500-00000649 can show me yeah we have this really
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00003-00000650-00000817 good one that gives you everyday access
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00004-00000818-00001324 every day ah ah how about this one twice
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00005-00001325-00001907 a week okay okay one month week once a
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00006-00001907-00002480 week most popular one the once a month
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00007-00002481-00002687 once a month okay I think this one is
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00008-00002688-00002891 not bad for me I will take this one and
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00009-00002892-00003020 I will see you in four weeks
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00010-00003021-00004217 bye why pen bro
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00011-00004218-00004420 I lost too much money Atticus you know
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00012-00004421-00004667 that this year I stopped Emily really
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00013-00004668-00005113 stop ray stop me confirma boom proud of
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00014-00005114-00005375 you man but just for fun oh yeah guess
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00015-00005376-00005545 how much I lost if you guess correctly I
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00016-00005546-00005816 do $20 if you guess wrong ah you give me
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00017-00005817-00006293 ten yours you're 15 minutes late I'm
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00018-00006294-00006434 sorry I said this will never happen
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00019-00006434-00006771 again so sorry I'm sorry
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00020-00006772-00006977 this year I'm going to change I'm gonna
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00021-00006978-00007198 be on time
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00022-00007198-00007505 I'll go home and yeah okay oh do you
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00023-00007506-00008248 think
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00024-00008249-00009288 [Music]
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00025-00009289-00009759 excuse me miss you drop your $5 oh thank
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00026-00009760-00010184 you no problem
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00027-00010185-00010368 [Music]
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00028-00010369-00010527 this year I'm gonna make all the
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00029-00010528-00010722 decisions by myself oh it sounds like a
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00030-00010723-00010950 good resolution right and for lunch I'm
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00031-00010951-00011127 gonna have chicken rice oh okay you
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00032-00011128-00011232 changed woman
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00033-00011233-00011616 I'm gonna have chocolate you will choc
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00034-00011617-00011853 we go then they drove choc we don't even
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00035-00011854-00012771 rise this year I'm gonna make sure I get
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00036-00012772-00014394 some quality rest B what can you see on
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00037-00014394-00014571 ha what's your up you know social why
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00038-00014572-00014744 not can you go out I mean when your
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00039-00014746-00015015 friends hi Nana
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00040-00015016-00015483 anything for EULA hey sorry why your
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00041-00015484-00016079 name hey it's Joey what your name
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00042-00016080-00016446 milliliters nice to meet you
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00043-00016447-00016953 I just broke up with my boyfriend I'm
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00044-00016954-00017169 gonna be forever alone sis
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00045-00017170-00017301 you say you're gonna be more positive
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00046-00017302-00017688 this year whatever do that huh you're
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00047-00017689-00017964 right I just broke up with my boyfriend
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00048-00017965-00018405 I'm gonna be forever alone hey Jason
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00049-00018406-00018627 Jason whoa dinner no I'm honored I am
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00050-00018628-00019203 skipping dinner by a supper I thought
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00051-00019204-00019397 you wanna do it what I skip do you know
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00052-00019398-00019974 what a reason you never go up on Obama
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00053-00019975-00020154 this year I've decided to spend more
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00054-00020155-00020541 time with Emily Wow anything quiet very
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00055-00020542-00020610 good very good
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00056-00020611-00020822 yeah so you guys have about ten minutes
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00057-00020823-00021447 chop-chop it is a this is our theme of
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00058-00021448-00021594 public transport to release my colorful
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00059-00021595-00021642 pee
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00060-00021643-00021777 oh nice nice I'm actually going through
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00061-00021778-00022005 a math disease you know Oh see watch
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00062-00022006-00022296 okay then
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00063-00022297-00022461 I really want to be more environmentally
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00064-00022462-00022698 friendly this year like see if the earth
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00065-00022699-00022947 you know oh there's a good idea maybe
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00066-00022948-00023103 you can start by not buying lunch we
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00067-00023104-00023229 have two boys
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00068-00023230-00023685 sounds like a great idea look at me
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00069-00023686-00024498 saving dog would you like some wine yes
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00070-00024499-00024699 please but just one glass for me tonight
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00071-00024700-00024864 oh wait you don't wanna keep the bottle
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00072-00024865-00025110 no no no only one glass I'm cutting down
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00073-00025111-00025424 a new uni of you yeah I'm thinking like
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00074-00025425-00025680 like more than one glass per night is
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00075-00025681-00025902 bit too much so I'm thinking about
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00076-00025902-00026100 trying to keep that as a new year
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00077-00026101-00027815 resolution so yeah I think I can do it
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00078-00027816-00028086 my new year resolution is to get a
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00079-00028087-00028377 girlfriend oh how about you watch this
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00080-00028378-00028654 video down below at the end I review how
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00081-00028655-00028902 to get a girlfriend the true secrets
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00082-00028903-00029257 oh right here so she watched now Lola
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00083-00029258-00029617 yeah watch now click here since this
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00084-00029618-00029764 video is that over Eddie lies
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00085-00029764-00030333 watch now next video ok I cannot click
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00086-00030334-00030589 biting they can click they can trick
X_kLg8-Mcg8-00087-00030589-00030972 your can click your click now
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00000-00000000-00000214 this picture shows where I want to go
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00001-00000215-00000428 and it reminds me and my students
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00002-00000429-00000668 hopefully where our goal is now here we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00003-00000669-00000958 are in Boston and it makes sense to to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00004-00000959-00001235 make a sort of comparison with what Rob
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00005-00001236-00001420 would tries to do with the rubber be
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00006-00001421-00001660 project and this one so the first thing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00007-00001661-00001829 the first difference between what Rob
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00008-00001830-00002087 does and what I do is that our robots
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00009-00002088-00002437 have much larger than rubs rub would
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00010-00002438-00002645 Roberts which are very tiny so it's a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00011-00002646-00002780 completely different story in terms of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00012-00002781-00002996 of the mechatronics and manufacturing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00013-00002997-00003290 the second difference is that the rub
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00014-00003290-00003476 approach the problem from a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00015-00003477-00003704 manufacturing and morphology point of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00016-00003704-00003856 view so there is a lot of effort in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00017-00003857-00004036 Rob's lab in making this system very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00018-00004037-00004256 small instead of the approach the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00019-00004257-00004381 problem from a different perspective the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00020-00004382-00004616 perspective of perception communication
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00021-00004617-00004826 and eventually I'm going towards
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00022-00004827-00005090 morphology just like now Rob yes the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00023-00005091-00005252 first prototype n is going more towards
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00024-00005253-00005483 perception so that's where we meetin at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00025-00005484-00005597 the moment or so we are meeting
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00026-00005598-00005822 physically because Rob is back in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00027-00005823-00006059 lab at epfl during it sabbatical and I
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00028-00006060-00006313 will be here from September at the other
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00029-00006314-00006613 Harvard this in from september's here
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00030-00006614-00006944 okay so this is as a background so this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00031-00006945-00007094 is where we want to go and today in my
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00032-00007095-00007327 lecturer will be giving another view of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00033-00007328-00007577 some of these topics the first is about
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00034-00007578-00007853 perception how can we have a rubbish at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00035-00007854-00008042 flying in cluttered environments like
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00036-00008043-00008327 CDs for example detect their
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00037-00008328-00008521 surroundings will then talk about
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00038-00008522-00008705 communication our dis rubbers can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00039-00008706-00008858 possibly communicate with each other so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00040-00008859-00009146 that they can accomplish coordinated
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00041-00009147-00009367 flight and then finally we'll move the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00042-00009368-00009602 words morphology in ways as have been
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00043-00009603-00009799 said that they're probably not at this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00044-00009800-00010024 type of morphologies but a different
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00045-00010025-00010192 type of morphologies that can make these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00046-00010193-00010399 robots safer for humans to interact with
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00047-00010400-00010628 and safer also for the environment if
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00048-00010629-00010931 for objects if they eventually collide
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00049-00010932-00011120 or interact with the environment let's
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00050-00011121-00011281 start with perception so we want the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00051-00011282-00011438 shrubs to fly in cluttered environments
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00052-00011439-00011710 like forest or rupan canyons then we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00053-00011711-00011899 need to give them an ability to detect
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00054-00011900-00012059 their environment in the distances from
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00055-00012060-00012256 from obstacles so right from the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00056-00012257-00012419 beginning almost ten years ago we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00057-00012420-00012517 started to look at the way in which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00058-00012518-00012724 insects do that problem and so they use
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00059-00012725-00012971 a vision vision is a very good sensing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00060-00012972-00013147 capability or modality because it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00061-00013148-00013397 doesn't use energy it's not like a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00062-00013397-00013547 its owner or like an infrared sensor
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00063-00013547-00013682 that the midst energy environment
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00064-00013683-00013877 measures the reflected energy which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00065-00013878-00014219 takes a lot of energy like battery which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00066-00014219-00014453 is a problem for flying robots vision is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00067-00014454-00014686 a passive sensor so what you see here is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00068-00014687-00015044 the cross section of the of a fly brain
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00069-00015044-00015227 from the top and you see that instead of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00070-00015228-00015449 having a single eyes if there's a number
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00071-00015450-00015746 of ice called ommatidia pointing in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00072-00015747-00016088 different directions and as the fly
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00073-00016088-00016343 flies imagine towards the screen where
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00074-00016344-00016519 the fly will perceive what to fly will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00075-00016520-00016721 experience neurophysiologist think is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00076-00016722-00016928 that pattern that you see on your right
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00077-00016929-00017311 that's called optic flow so all the this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00078-00017312-00017611 individual eyes or a material pointing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00079-00017612-00017794 in different directions will record the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00080-00017795-00018119 change in the image as they insect flies
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00081-00018120-00018400 towards the wall and the if the insect
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00082-00018401-00018700 flies towards the wall in a stripe
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00083-00018701-00018968 trajectory then mathematically it has
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00084-00018969-00019150 been shown 30 years ago that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00085-00019151-00019493 magnitude of the of those vectors which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00086-00019494-00019703 described out the features move on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00087-00019704-00019874 visual field the magnitude of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00088-00019875-00020080 vector is proportional to the distance
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00089-00020081-00020350 of the objects in the environment those
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00090-00020351-00020602 objects that have generated those those
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00091-00020603-00021017 optic those vectors but if the insect
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00092-00021018-00021344 turns rotates that's no longer true at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00093-00021345-00021536 that point the magnet of those vectors
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00094-00021537-00021733 is proportional to the rotation of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00095-00021734-00021940 insect no longer proportional to the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00096-00021941-00022294 distance of the object so we know that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00097-00022295-00022687 insects have a number of tricks to to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00098-00022688-00022858 compensate for this problem for the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00099-00022859-00022975 problem due to the fact that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00100-00022976-00023165 rotational optic flow as it is called is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00101-00023166-00023278 no longer proportional to the distance
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00102-00023279-00023477 of the objects one trick is that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00103-00023478-00023747 apparently very often they fly on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00104-00023748-00023918 straight ejector is most of the time and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00105-00023919-00024140 then they suddenly turn when they are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00106-00024141-00024361 getting very close to an object this is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00107-00024362-00024537 called like a saccadic movements
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00108-00024538-00024836 occurring turning the other way which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00109-00024837-00025214 insect compensate for this problem is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00110-00025215-00025508 that they use sort of gyroscopes which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00111-00025509-00025834 are they are called al tears on insects
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00112-00025835-00026018 and these gyroscopes can tell the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00113-00026019-00026215 insects about the rotation of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00114-00026216-00026365 accelerations in the direction of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00115-00026366-00026618 rotation and the brain of the insect
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00116-00026619-00026737 therefore discount
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00117-00026738-00026989 the predicted optic flow generated by
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00118-00026990-00027236 its own rotation from the experience of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00119-00027237-00027461 the flow leaving the nervous system only
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00120-00027462-00027724 with these type of vectors now how
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00121-00027725-00027892 exactly the insects do that is not yet
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00122-00027893-00028067 fully understood but that's an iPodTouch
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00123-00028068-00028240 neurophysiologist put forward now how
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00124-00028241-00028477 can we translate that into a control
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00125-00028478-00028795 system for a flying robot I keep to the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00126-00028796-00029226 any type of camera and this is how the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00127-00029227-00029420 solution that we proposed with the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00128-00029420-00029692 rankest of the frame and one by LF a few
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00129-00029693-00029930 years ago imagine we call it up the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00130-00029931-00030174 pilot imagine that you have a fixed-wing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00131-00030175-00030442 drone like we wanted to she we see on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00132-00030443-00030761 the top now what I'm describing in them
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00133-00030762-00030995 I'm going to describe now can be applied
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00134-00030995-00031267 to any type of drones as long as they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00135-00031268-00031477 fly mainly on a transitional flight and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00136-00031478-00031702 let's try trajectory so flying wings are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00137-00031703-00031970 very good at that now we need to do two
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00138-00031970-00032314 things for this type of drones when we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00139-00032315-00032567 want to turn we need to be able to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00140-00032568-00032896 control the the role of the plane and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00141-00032897-00033092 the pitch of the plate so if you want to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00142-00033093-00033418 turn you have to roll and then pick up
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00143-00033419-00033796 ok so you have therefore to control the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00144-00033797-00034082 pitch and the roll now imagine that you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00145-00034083-00034336 have to control the the pitch you need
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00146-00034337-00034558 to control a structure that will pitch
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00147-00034559-00034840 up or down your plane so what you can do
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00148-00034841-00034970 imagine that you have a camera in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00149-00034971-00035192 front of your plane and you are looking
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00150-00035193-00035429 at all the pixels as the robot moves
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00151-00035430-00035549 what you have to do is that you have to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00152-00035550-00035882 measure the change in the image at all
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00153-00035883-00036107 those pixel points here I'm showing just
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00154-00036108-00036412 the number of pixels around a disk you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00155-00036413-00036605 can imagine you're a virtual camera we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00156-00036606-00036787 are measuring just the the change of a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00157-00036788-00037004 image at those particular point and what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00158-00037005-00037132 you want to do is that you want to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00159-00037133-00037546 connect the vectors or the intensity of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00160-00037547-00037874 the change in the image to the control
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00161-00037875-00038065 system that will make the robot pitch up
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00162-00038066-00038530 or down by means of to set of weights we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00163-00038531-00038930 have positive weights that filter if you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00164-00038931-00039124 like the intensity of the image coming
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00165-00039125-00039292 from the ventral direction of the robot
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00166-00039293-00039542 so if you perceive a lot of change on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00167-00039543-00039680 the ventral side of the robot what you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00168-00039681-00039925 will do is that you will actuate the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00169-00039926-00040071 aliens that will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00170-00040072-00040355 make a pitch up and then instead if you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00171-00040356-00040632 perceive a lot of structure a lot of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00172-00040633-00040833 image change on the top on the dorsal
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00173-00040834-00041023 part of the robot you will have negative
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00174-00041024-00041182 weights which you see they are in blue
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00175-00041183-00041487 which will make the robot pitch down now
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00176-00041488-00041614 you have you have the control of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00177-00041615-00041904 pitch now what about the rod from the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00178-00041905-00042120 roll we have the two structure we can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00179-00042121-00042292 change the inner so that we can make the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00180-00042293-00042483 robot roll in one direction or in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00181-00042484-00042654 other direction and we use the same
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00182-00042655-00042895 philosophy we have to set of weights
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00183-00042896-00043107 let's imagine we use the same pixels in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00184-00043108-00043326 our camera but this time the excitatory
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00185-00043327-00043637 weights that the filter if you like the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00186-00043638-00043914 pixels stay on one side and the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00187-00043915-00044052 inhibitory weights I stay on the other
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00188-00044053-00044283 side now what you see therefore is that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00189-00044284-00044433 whenever the robot can perceive
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00190-00044434-00044652 structure on one side it will roll in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00191-00044653-00045145 the opposite direction okay now when we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00192-00045146-00045408 are taking care of a pitch we are not
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00193-00045409-00045610 interested about the change in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00194-00045611-00045774 formation coming from the two side
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00195-00045775-00046057 that's why in this first control Colonel
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00196-00046058-00046254 as we call it we have zero weights on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00197-00046255-00046480 the left and on the right side when we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00198-00046481-00046644 want to control the roll we are not
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00199-00046645-00046833 interested in anything happening on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00200-00046834-00047064 top and on the bottom of the Robert
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00201-00047065-00047268 count of the robot image perception and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00202-00047269-00047469 that's why we have zero weights on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00203-00047470-00047686 top and on the bottom over there so we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00204-00047687-00047838 have these two very simple set of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00205-00047839-00048252 weights which sum up to a weighted sum
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00206-00048253-00048495 of the input and this is something that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00207-00048496-00048687 can be done by any type of biological
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00208-00048688-00048933 artificial neurons so here we have a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00209-00048934-00049140 very simple control structure that can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00210-00049141-00049407 be summarized into neurons that can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00211-00049408-00049561 control the role and the pitch of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00212-00049562-00049869 plane flying in translation of light
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00213-00049870-00050157 through an environment what about the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00214-00050158-00050373 rotational optic flow for the rotational
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00215-00050374-00050604 optic flow we use gyroscopes and what we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00216-00050605-00050799 do is that we always as the robot flies
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00217-00050800-00051036 we can detect the rotational speed of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00218-00051037-00051274 the robot and we can compensate the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00219-00051275-00051537 experiencer optic flow by means of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00220-00051538-00051780 subtracting the predicted optic flow due
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00221-00051781-00051973 to the rotation of the robot and so we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00222-00051974-00052302 end up always with a purely with a pure
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00223-00052303-00052494 translational optic flow which gives us
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00224-00052495-00052816 a disassembly object ok let's see how
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00225-00052816-00053007 this works now the beautiful thing about
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00226-00053008-00053188 this control system is not that's very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00227-00053189-00053470 simple only just a few lines of code
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00228-00053471-00053635 but also can be applied to any type of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00229-00053636-00053848 camera with any type of geometry as long
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00230-00053849-00054066 as the camera is position in the front
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00231-00054067-00054310 of the robot and pointing forward so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00232-00054311-00054487 here I'm showing to you a few pictures
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00233-00054488-00054685 this white points and measuring but you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00234-00054686-00054934 can imagine it you can measure pictures
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00235-00054935-00055075 a different direction or many more
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00236-00055076-00055291 pixels in your covers the only thing you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00237-00055291-00055477 have to do is that these weights will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00238-00055478-00055657 have an additional constant that depends
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00239-00055658-00055834 on their position on the camera it's
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00240-00055835-00056166 just a number small number you can also
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00241-00056167-00056379 take fewer pixels and what I'm going to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00242-00056380-00056592 show to you now here in this robot we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00243-00056594-00056821 are only using only if you like five
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00244-00056822-00057064 pixels so to speak one pointing down in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00245-00057065-00057258 the virtual direction two on the sides
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00246-00057259-00057562 horizontally into towards the between
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00247-00057563-00057853 the Torah's of the two side pixels and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00248-00057854-00058141 the center picture now you connect all
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00249-00058141-00058380 these to the railroads of the rabbit and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00250-00058382-00058519 you will see that the air rubbers does
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00251-00058520-00058672 two things the first is that it flies
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00252-00058673-00058945 and it avoids obstacles by the second
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00253-00058946-00059122 thing that it does is that also it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00254-00059123-00059449 maintains altitude so we do not have an
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00255-00059450-00059713 attitude regulation algorithm and an
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00256-00059714-00059955 obstacle avoidance our goals we have the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00257-00059957-00060151 same control system it have just
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00258-00060152-00060385 described before that can maintain both
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00259-00060386-00060673 the altitude and regulate the obstacle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00260-00060674-00060946 avoidance of the robot now here we are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00261-00060947-00061249 using five smart pixels or to say
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00262-00061250-00061603 because they be behind each of those
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00263-00061604-00061977 optics that you've seen there there is a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00264-00061978-00062275 trip that comes from Logitech which is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00265-00062276-00062505 the mouse manufacturer and logitech has
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00266-00062507-00062683 this optical mouse what we do is that we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00267-00062684-00062827 use their chips that is capable of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00268-00062828-00063079 measuring the optic flow in a very tiny
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00269-00063079-00063322 region we just fabricated the optics so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00270-00063323-00063526 that they fit the requirements of our
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00271-00063527-00063772 robot but it's all there is so you could
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00272-00063773-00063976 use any type of camera have many more
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00273-00063977-00064129 pixels and fly more structured
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00274-00064129-00064408 environment now this was a reactive type
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00275-00064409-00064558 of robot what about if you want to use
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00276-00064559-00064758 this robot for carrying out the mission
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00277-00064759-00065002 so you tell the robot where the rubber
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00278-00065003-00065275 should go but you make your robot fly in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00279-00065276-00065515 an environment where there is some
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00280-00065516-00065823 structure like trees or for example
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00281-00065824-00066187 buildings that's very simple you can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00282-00066188-00066541 simply use drew wave point navigation as
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00283-00066542-00066847 we say so you you use the same robot we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00284-00066848-00067009 seen before now simply there is like a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00285-00067010-00067318 structure covering the optic flow sensor
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00286-00067319-00067707 and you launch the robot in the air the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00287-00067708-00067932 robot is equipped with the GPS device
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00288-00067933-00068382 the robot will try to fly the worst
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00289-00068383-00068710 predefined point called the waypoints
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00290-00068711-00069138 indeed using the GPS information now we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00291-00069139-00069387 ask the robot to fly it approximately 20
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00292-00069388-00069730 meters altitude and as the robot fly to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00293-00069731-00069892 meet the different wave point don't you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00294-00069893-00070237 see here describe the circles there are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00295-00070238-00070480 both will encounter structures are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00296-00070481-00070731 obstacles like trees and what is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00297-00070732-00071013 happening as as as soon as the the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00298-00071014-00071230 obstacle avoidance Algar is the text
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00299-00071231-00071422 there is some structure it takes over
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00300-00071423-00071668 control from the Waypoint navigation it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00301-00071669-00071947 avoids these obstacles and as soon as
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00302-00071948-00072121 there are no more obstacles coming into
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00303-00072122-00072337 the view it will tend to go towards the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00304-00072338-00072634 nearest trajectory to the next Waypoint
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00305-00072635-00072894 so you can have now very easily wave
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00306-00072895-00073273 point navigation using this sort of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00307-00073274-00073492 reactive obstacle avoidance in all this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00308-00073493-00073776 in a very simple algorithm that can be
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00309-00073777-00073972 used on any type of camera now the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00310-00073973-00074155 beautiful thing about compound eyes is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00311-00074156-00074562 that not only they can they can let you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00312-00074563-00074757 control a flying robot using very simple
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00313-00074758-00075051 algorithm like this but also that they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00314-00075052-00075241 have very wide field of view in other
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00315-00075242-00075525 words if you look at insects the the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00316-00075526-00075693 compound eyes of insects they come in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00317-00075694-00076038 all sort of shapes and depending on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00318-00076039-00076216 species of dating sex I mean sex are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00319-00076217-00076354 more interested in looking at the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00320-00076355-00076546 structure on the ventral side as they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00321-00076547-00076771 fly other insects are more interested in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00322-00076772-00076972 looking at the structure on the dorsal
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00323-00076973-00077271 side depending on their type of their of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00324-00077272-00077737 ecological system so what I do is that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00325-00077738-00078025 evolution has equipped them with eyes
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00326-00078026-00078286 pointing in the right direction and they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00327-00078287-00078478 can have a very wide field of view while
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00328-00078479-00078693 maintaining a very thin structure that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00329-00078694-00078910 can encapsulate the brain and many other
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00330-00078911-00079111 things I said if you have single lens
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00331-00079112-00079332 optics you have the optics if you want
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00332-00079333-00079474 to a very wide field of view you need to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00333-00079475-00079672 have very thick optics and then between
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00334-00079673-00079867 the optics and your imager there is a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00335-00079868-00080038 lot of space that you cannot use so you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00336-00080039-00080215 end up with very bulky structures
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00337-00080216-00080451 so the beautiful thing of compound eyes
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00338-00080452-00080613 is that you're very large field of view
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00339-00080614-00080832 there is no distortion whatsoever due to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00340-00080833-00081105 the fish eyes lenses if you like but of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00341-00081106-00081276 course the disadvantage is that you have
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00342-00081277-00081478 very coarse spatial resolution so if you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00343-00081479-00081768 want to use a compound eyes for doing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00344-00081769-00082015 image reproduction probably you don't
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00345-00082016-00082390 get very far so you see there on your
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00346-00082391-00082638 right the structure of the compound I we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00347-00082639-00082962 decided to mimic the compound I the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00348-00082963-00083134 biological compound eye and create a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00349-00083135-00083355 first artificial compound eye that you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00350-00083356-00083649 can bend and adapt to any different type
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00351-00083650-00083943 of structures while maintaining the very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00352-00083944-00084162 small size that artificial the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00353-00084163-00084505 biological compound eyes have and just
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00354-00084506-00084667 very recently we completed this project
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00355-00084668-00084924 which we call the curve vase curved
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00356-00084925-00085255 artificial compound I you see the the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00357-00085256-00085504 idea is to to build an artificial
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00358-00085505-00085960 compound I made out of three layers that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00359-00085961-00086260 make also biological eyes that is a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00360-00086261-00086568 layer of optics compound octaves a layer
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00361-00086569-00086935 of photoreceptors in this case we use
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00362-00086936-00087142 neuromorphic engineering and an
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00363-00087143-00087369 additional layer which is a flexible
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00364-00087370-00087630 printed circuit board it takes all the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00365-00087631-00087936 signals coming from these neuromorphic
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00366-00087937-00088228 photo detectors and transmit all these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00367-00088229-00088638 sensors the words a processing unit that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00368-00088639-00088830 can take care of control so here you see
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00369-00088831-00089065 the a layer of compound optics you see
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00370-00089066-00089382 the small optics for each material what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00371-00089383-00089647 you see here are the photo detectors and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00372-00089648-00089899 then there are we have a black film
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00373-00089900-00090148 within polymers which are positioned
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00374-00090149-00090310 between the optics and the neuromorphic
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00375-00090311-00090616 chip in order to prevent crosstalk
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00376-00090617-00090937 photons going from one lens towards the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00377-00090938-00091153 different photoreceptors than the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00378-00091154-00091413 corresponding one we fabricate each of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00379-00091414-00091725 these layers using flat manufacturing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00380-00091726-00091873 technologies which means that we can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00381-00091874-00092053 make this on a very large scale using
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00382-00092054-00092307 today's technologies and then what we do
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00383-00092308-00092710 is that we align them very perfectly as
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00384-00092711-00092929 you see here we use wire bonding and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00385-00092930-00093282 then we cut each of these columns down
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00386-00093283-00093474 to the flexible printed circuit board
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00387-00093475-00093607 and once we have done that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00388-00093608-00093907 we adapt the shape the if you like that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00389-00093908-00094111 official compound I to the shape that we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00390-00094112-00094408 have and the we can calculate here any
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00391-00094409-00094726 type of processor gyroscopes battery
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00392-00094727-00095065 antenna using this technology we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00393-00095066-00095308 recently produced the first artificial
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00394-00095309-00095550 compound eye which you see here the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00395-00095551-00095920 compound eye itself is only this black
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00396-00095921-00096184 stripe which you see here the scaffold
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00397-00096185-00096391 ear is only used for ourself for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00398-00096392-00096697 detecting the signals characterizing the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00399-00096698-00096868 sensor but if you look at the sensor
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00400-00096869-00097039 itself that official compound I it's the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00401-00097040-00097279 less than a gram and is less than 1
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00402-00097280-00097639 millimeter thickness now this compound
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00403-00097640-00097882 eye is a cylindrical compound eye and it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00404-00097883-00098062 turns out interestingly that the first
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00405-00098063-00098260 that the first biological compound I
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00406-00098261-00098416 detest that has been documented in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00407-00098417-00098689 nature is a compound I that was used by
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00408-00098690-00098968 trilobites on the sea floor it was
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00409-00098969-00099141 described three years ago in nature and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00410-00099142-00099400 interestingly our first compound is also
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00411-00099401-00099646 cylindrica now how can we approximate an
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00412-00099647-00099904 insect compound eye our goal was to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00413-00099905-00100093 approximate the compound eye of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00414-00100094-00100366 Drosophila the fruit fly which you see
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00415-00100367-00100687 here on the right side now for what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00416-00100688-00100948 concerns the field of view on the result
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00417-00100949-00101128 our plane is no problem because we can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00418-00101129-00101584 bend our columns at any angle but the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00419-00101585-00101869 problem was to approximate the field of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00420-00101870-00102109 view on the vertical side and using this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00421-00102110-00102241 technology this planner tech
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00422-00102242-00102408 manufacturing technology that I just
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00423-00102409-00102664 described we cannot do that but what we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00424-00102665-00102877 can do is that we can change the pitch
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00425-00102878-00103156 between the viewing direction of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00426-00103157-00103314 optics and the corresponding
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00427-00103315-00103549 photoreceptors on the back on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00428-00103550-00103884 vertical plane that means that the the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00429-00103885-00104184 ommatidia later sitting on the top of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00430-00104185-00104493 the compound I have a pitch so that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00431-00104494-00104698 optics are pointing upwards and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00432-00104699-00104914 projecting the photons the light rays if
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00433-00104915-00105052 you like the words the photoreceptors
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00434-00105053-00105283 coming from the top side and the up and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00435-00105283-00105529 they just the opposite for the oh mighty
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00436-00105530-00105708 gators pointing towards the bottom of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00437-00105709-00105913 the compound I the optics there are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00438-00105914-00106110 displaced so that the Umatilla are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00439-00106111-00106333 looking more towards the ventral side so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00440-00106333-00106597 we have a continuum now using this this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00441-00106598-00106771 trick we cannot approximate a truffle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00442-00106772-00106993 compound eye but we can increase the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00443-00106994-00107170 viewing direction of our compound optics
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00444-00107171-00107419 without any aberration and distortion up
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00445-00107420-00107620 to 60 degrees so we have under an 80
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00446-00107621-00107816 degrees on one side for this particular
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00447-00107817-00108078 prototype and 60 degrees in optic flow
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00448-00108079-00108285 for the inner in degrees for the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00449-00108286-00108536 vertical side and then we can measure
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00450-00108537-00108804 using the neuromorphic chip the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00451-00108805-00109021 neuromorphic chip mimics the response
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00452-00109022-00109396 properties of the drosophila sensors
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00453-00109397-00109635 photoreceptors it has the same type of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00454-00109636-00109873 activity to the light intensity so what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00455-00109874-00109965 you see there is that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00456-00109966-00110224 characterization of the optical
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00457-00110225-00110475 detection of the sensor at different
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00458-00110476-00110683 lighting conditions we mimic exactly the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00459-00110683-00110910 same sensitivity of the drosophila and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00460-00110911-00111073 if you compare our artificial compound
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00461-00111074-00111339 eye with a biological compound I we see
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00462-00111340-00111568 that the properties are very similar in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00463-00111569-00111868 a number of dimensions the number of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00464-00111869-00112096 amity dia single eyes in our compound
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00465-00112097-00112432 eye is 630 friend Rosa fly we are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00466-00112433-00112790 approximately 600 to 700 the artificial
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00467-00112791-00113032 biological compound eyes but logical
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00468-00113033-00113296 omikuji excuse me the except this angle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00469-00113297-00113656 of each of these eyes Oh material in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00470-00113657-00113881 biological in the artificial system is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00471-00113882-00114186 approximately the same 4.2 degrees in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00472-00114187-00114378 the interim athelia angle that is the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00473-00114379-00114489 distance between the viewing direction
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00474-00114490-00114738 of the two eyes which tells you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00475-00114739-00114907 something about the resolution of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00476-00114908-00115140 compound eyes is the same also in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00477-00115141-00115299 artificial and in the biological system
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00478-00115300-00115495 the field of view is like two different
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00479-00115496-00115665 because the de la Falaise approximately
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00480-00115666-00115860 under me degrees by under 90 degrees on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00481-00115861-00116013 the vertical and horizontal side whereas
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00482-00116014-00116344 we have 175 times 60 degrees local
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00483-00116345-00116553 lighted activity is the same as the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00484-00116554-00116808 drosophila in a few nanoseconds the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00485-00116809-00117063 neuromorphic chip can adapt to the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00486-00117064-00117324 different light intensity and we are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00487-00117325-00117561 faster than drosophila södra fila it has
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00488-00117562-00117801 been estimated the ruffler can extract
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00489-00117802-00118053 the optic flow at hundred Earth's we can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00490-00118054-00118353 go up to 300 so this is a very good eye
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00491-00118354-00118713 for having very fast flying grabbers
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00492-00118714-00119170 detecting a change of the image as the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00493-00119171-00119439 robot flies now where we clearly lose
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00494-00119440-00119679 competitors or fillets our radius of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00495-00119680-00119859 curvature which gives you the dimension
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00496-00119860-00120090 of the compound eye in our case is much
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00497-00120091-00120360 larger than these rough life
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00498-00120361-00120547 but here we start to have a compound eye
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00499-00120548-00120828 that we can fit on on flying robots
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00500-00120829-00121110 smaller ones and we can fabricate a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00501-00121111-00121282 different type of dimensions and a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00502-00121283-00121540 different type of number of a materia
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00503-00121541-00121738 and fit two different robots which is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00504-00121739-00121903 what we're doing right at the moment in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00505-00121904-00122113 the lab but since we have a curved
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00506-00122114-00122361 artificial compound i we can also start
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00507-00122363-00122604 to fabricate what i call vision tapes we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00508-00122605-00122842 can you see there a detail of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00509-00122843-00122998 vision tape and we can put it on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00510-00122999-00123435 flexible PCBs with the sensors that can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00511-00123436-00123703 detect the bending of the of the of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00512-00123704-00123922 visual tape and then we can give for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00513-00123923-00124204 example these are we can put this type
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00514-00124205-00124519 of vision tapes on garments like a head
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00515-00124520-00124816 and we can if coupled with tactile
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00516-00124817-00124999 sensors we could with people tactile
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00517-00125000-00125194 sensor we could give a person the blind
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00518-00125195-00125395 person the capability of detecting
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00519-00125396-00125701 obstacles at the height of the head for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00520-00125702-00125859 example the blind person will continue
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00521-00125860-00126139 to use the cane but we're in this at the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00522-00126140-00126459 vision tape this artificial compound I
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00523-00126460-00126673 could give the person information about
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00524-00126674-00126964 the environment this does information so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00525-00126965-00127132 here is the first prototype that we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00526-00127133-00127327 describe and we successfully
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00527-00127328-00127608 incorporated into a hat and we show that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00528-00127609-00127903 the person using bisset can perceive the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00529-00127904-00128152 distance of incoming obstacles as it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00530-00128153-00128674 moves through vibrations in the head now
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00531-00128675-00128859 what about the communication and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00532-00128860-00129106 coordination in groups this is the work
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00533-00129107-00129379 that sabine has been working on this is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00534-00129380-00129640 a situation in case of a catastrophic
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00535-00129641-00129841 event like a landslide one of the first
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00536-00129842-00130108 problems that rescuers have is to put in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00537-00130108-00130339 place a communication infrastructure so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00538-00130340-00130576 that they use dedicated bands dedicated
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00539-00130577-00130732 frequencies and this takes time
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00540-00130733-00130903 especially mountain regions as we have
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00541-00130904-00131161 in Switzerland so when the Civil
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00542-00131162-00131362 Protection Unit is with and approached
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00543-00131363-00131533 us they said could you develop flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00544-00131534-00131923 robots that can be equipped with the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00545-00131924-00132166 meters and receivers low energy meters
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00546-00132167-00132382 and receivers be launched by one of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00547-00132383-00132532 rescuers in the air as the other
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00548-00132533-00132763 rescuers go down in the ground and these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00549-00132764-00132946 robots would fly over the people and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00550-00132947-00133174 detect the radio signal and then
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00551-00133175-00133345 distribute themselves optimally so that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00552-00133346-00133651 they effectively establish another radio
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00553-00133652-00133741 network
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00554-00133742-00133996 the rescuers are on the ground and one
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00555-00133997-00134194 of the things that the time is running
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00556-00134195-00134326 out but one of the things that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00557-00134327-00134596 Sabine has been looking at was how could
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00558-00134597-00134722 it be a tapped out could be for example
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00559-00134723-00134983 look at the flocking that was described
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00560-00134984-00135142 many years ago by Ray notes in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00561-00135143-00135382 literature for computer graphics how can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00562-00135383-00135652 we adapt flocking to this team of flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00563-00135653-00135799 rubber so that they can coordinate it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00564-00135800-00135982 flying together and one of the big
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00565-00135983-00136198 problem is that if you have real flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00566-00136199-00136435 robots that move in the in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00567-00136436-00136629 environment you have start to have
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00568-00136630-00136930 issues of communication range because if
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00569-00136931-00137065 you have rubbers communicating their
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00570-00137066-00137212 positions to each other so that they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00571-00137213-00137506 flock coherently using current
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00572-00137507-00137830 technology you saturate very quickly the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00573-00137831-00138085 your check your wireless chip so then
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00574-00138086-00138283 you have to look at it's very important
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00575-00138284-00138505 to look at the radius of communication
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00576-00138506-00138718 of each of the individual flyers the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00577-00138719-00138886 other thing is the flight dynamics in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00578-00138887-00139048 computer graphics you can have each
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00579-00139049-00139324 individual agents adapt very rapidly to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00580-00139325-00139459 the motion of the other agents but if
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00581-00139460-00139627 you have a flying rubber this is not so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00582-00139628-00139807 immediate so what's a penis looked at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00583-00139808-00139906 what is the influence of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00584-00139907-00140092 communication range and flight dynamics
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00585-00140093-00140671 and and perhaps I left to Russia I don't
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00586-00140672-00140845 I think I don't have so much time I what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00587-00140846-00141418 Sabine found out is that if you have two
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00588-00141419-00141688 small communication range you will end
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00589-00141689-00141970 up with small flocks so you will tend
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00590-00141971-00142114 you will start with a big flock of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00591-00142115-00142264 flying robots and then this they will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00592-00142265-00142585 split up in four small flocks so it's
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00593-00142586-00142705 very important to have a communication
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00594-00142706-00142894 range which is sufficiently large but
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00595-00142895-00143080 this doesn't have to be very large so it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00596-00143081-00143233 depends on the dynamics of your plane
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00597-00143234-00143401 and the second thing that she realized
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00598-00143402-00143677 is that the it's very important that the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00599-00143678-00143866 flying robot is capable of adapting very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00600-00143867-00144100 quickly to the change of motion of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00601-00144101-00144418 other robots so if your flight dynamics
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00602-00144419-00144688 is not sufficiently rapid to adapt to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00603-00144689-00144865 the other robot then the flock will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00604-00144866-00145120 break up and one of the questions we are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00605-00145121-00145312 looking at the moment is could this be
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00606-00145313-00145495 also one of the reasons why in nature
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00607-00145496-00145666 sometimes we see all these birds flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00608-00145667-00145849 together in all of a sudden the flock
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00609-00145850-00146044 explodes this is because some of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00610-00146045-00146383 birds losted synchronization with the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00611-00146384-00146545 others and therefore the entire system
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00612-00146546-00146770 breaks up this is not very well known
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00613-00146771-00147031 but so what we started to do is at that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00614-00147032-00147134 point a few years
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00615-00147135-00147323 go four years ago we had all this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00616-00147324-00147518 technology for avoiding obstacles for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00617-00147519-00147776 communication and we decided to set up a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00618-00147777-00148175 company called sense fly with the two of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00619-00148176-00148406 my former students Antoine Baylor and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00620-00148407-00148700 Jean Christophe the frame for solving
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00621-00148701-00149081 the imaging problem so since fly now is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00622-00149082-00149363 a part of the parrot group in only three
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00623-00149364-00149522 years three half years it grew from
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00624-00149523-00149878 three persons to 60 persons they are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00625-00149879-00150086 still based in Switzerland but one of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00626-00150087-00150251 the winning technologies for example
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00627-00150252-00150494 that this company has is that the it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00628-00150495-00150932 uses a vision-based landing in case of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00629-00150933-00151207 if you want to land close to a person
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00630-00151208-00151610 the GPS is very good for on the x and y
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00631-00151611-00151826 play but it's not very precise when it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00632-00151827-00152120 comes to the z-plane the altitude so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00633-00152121-00152336 some of our robots in the past the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00634-00152337-00152519 previous product were actually coming
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00635-00152520-00152827 quite quickly towards the ground and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00636-00152828-00153107 some of those broke the wings not so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00637-00153108-00153265 many but some of those probably wings
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00638-00153266-00153470 and so what the company did is that they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00639-00153471-00153818 adapted the optic flow estimation that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00640-00153819-00154027 I've shown to you before the robot now
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00641-00154028-00154220 has a visual sensor on the ground and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00642-00154221-00154493 the Susan as soon as it wants to go back
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00643-00154494-00154718 to the user say the user is here what it
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00644-00154719-00154886 will do is that we complete the mission
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00645-00154887-00155089 goes back to the location where the user
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00646-00155090-00155357 is then it will fly out then it will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00647-00155358-00155534 stand the descent which we study design
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00648-00155535-00155713 the descent at the beginning is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00649-00155714-00155984 controlled by using GPS information as
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00650-00155985-00156166 soon as the robot goes up with a certain
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00651-00156167-00156413 altitude approximately 20 meters it will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00652-00156414-00156658 switch on vision-based landing and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00653-00156659-00156865 therefore it will do a very smooth
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00654-00156866-00157141 landing by gradually approaching the the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00655-00157142-00157361 ground and it will land approximately 5
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00656-00157362-00157562 to 10 meters from the where the user is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00657-00157563-00158221 and this is a game of of these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00658-00158222-00158439 of the combination of this technology
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00660-00164969-00165148 having multiple robots flying in the air
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00661-00165149-00165535 and a requirement of monitoring where
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00662-00165536-00165724 they are was very useful for having
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00663-00165725-00166033 beautiful drone operations this page we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00664-00166034-00166234 can use very practical if you want to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00665-00166235-00166539 control you want to take care of nothing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00666-00166540-00167310 very large areas you let me reply
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00667-00167311-00169530 we put it round Center also we embrace
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00668-00169531-00169834 okay so this is a nice example of a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00669-00169835-00170242 successful start-up technology mask from
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00670-00170243-00170629 winter now what if you want to go into
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00671-00170630-00170812 situations like this the game it was
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00672-00170813-00171082 Fukushima disaster situation it was
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00673-00171083-00171232 mentioned by speaker earlier this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00674-00171233-00171463 morning here there is a lot of structure
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00675-00171464-00171772 so it's you want to fly there and it's
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00676-00171773-00171904 good to have if you want to do monitor
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00677-00171905-00172057 for example it's good to have flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00678-00172058-00172231 wings because they can cover for example
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00679-00172232-00172450 10 kilometers on a on a battery charge
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00680-00172451-00172633 but when you are there and you want to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00681-00172634-00172792 monitor stuff very often you want to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00682-00172793-00172978 stay stationary at a certain point and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00683-00172979-00173278 so you may want to go into a very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00684-00173279-00173545 complex structure so it would be nice to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00685-00173546-00173821 have a something like a wing a flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00686-00173822-00174034 wing that can eventually go on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00687-00174035-00174301 ground and do some locomotion and go
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00688-00174302-00174568 into small holes and it turns out it in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00689-00174569-00174772 nature there are animals that do that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00690-00174773-00174931 they're capable of flying and also
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00691-00174932-00175222 walking this is a vampire it adapts its
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00692-00175223-00175492 morphology and is capable of reusing the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00693-00175493-00175840 wings for both flying and walking so we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00694-00175841-00175978 started by looking how quick could
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00695-00175979-00176161 transform that type of drone they are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00696-00176162-00176413 into an a rubber that can walk on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00697-00176414-00176845 ground and what ludovic dollar did the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00698-00176846-00177061 PhD student they started to decompose
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00699-00177062-00177292 the problem of the morphology of a robot
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00700-00177293-00177607 like this into three parameters and what
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00701-00177608-00177805 we did is that we characterized we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00702-00177806-00178054 studied the efficiency of this rabbit
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00703-00178055-00178210 for different values of these parameters
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00704-00178211-00178462 which generate different morphologies we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00705-00178463-00178618 characterize the capability of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00706-00178619-00178900 robot to fly and to lock mode on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00707-00178901-00179167 ground and eventually out of this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00708-00179168-00179407 physics based simulation we ended up
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00709-00179408-00179638 with a parameter set that was used to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00710-00179639-00179923 create our first prototype of a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00711-00179924-00180289 deployable airland exploration robot at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00712-00180290-00180478 the laboratory of intelligent system
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00713-00180479-00180691 we are developing another fine platform
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00714-00180692-00180889 which has the ability to move on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00715-00180890-00181165 ground by using its wings only a locking
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00716-00181166-00181378 wing mechanism was designed to ensure a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00717-00181379-00181618 good position and rigidity of the wings
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00718-00181619-00181885 during the flight phase once the wings
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00719-00181886-00182113 are locked several motors are used to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00720-00182114-00182353 actuate the elephants on the wings which
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00721-00182354-00182620 control the flight after the robot has
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00722-00182621-00182812 landed the wings are unlocked and can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00723-00182813-00183028 therefore rotate continuously allowing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00724-00183029-00183523 the robot to move on the ground using
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00725-00183524-00183739 the wings as legs to move on rough
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00726-00183740-00183970 terrains instead of adding an additional
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00727-00183971-00184180 structure to the robot allows to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00728-00184181-00184471 minimize its structural mass therefore
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00729-00184472-00184729 this design minimizes the total weight
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00730-00184730-00184987 of the platform and thus minimizes the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00731-00184988-00185149 impact on the flight performance of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00732-00185150-00185560 robot the morphology of the robot is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00733-00185561-00185800 optimized for ground speed it can move
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00734-00185801-00186076 forward at 0.2 meters per second and can
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00735-00186077-00186366 rotate on spot at 25 degrees per second
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00736-00186367-00186625 the robot is capable of working with
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00737-00186626-00186841 different gates it can move on different
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00738-00186842-00187081 surfaces it can overcome high obstacles
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00739-00187082-00187800 and can also navigate in rough terrains
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00740-00187801-00188230 ok so so this is the dollar now if you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00741-00188231-00188398 want to take these rubbers to situations
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00742-00188399-00188677 like this however no matter how
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00743-00188678-00188842 sophisticated new obstacle avoidance
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00744-00188843-00189064 system is your vision system is sooner
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00745-00189065-00189349 or later you will collide with some
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00746-00189350-00189529 obstacles with some of these sticks for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00747-00189530-00189772 example cables or stuffing so how can we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00748-00189773-00190024 possibly address this problem and we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00749-00190025-00190198 decided to look at the comment
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00750-00190199-00190579 differently so one my students former
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00751-00190580-00190792 students at the embryo went to visit
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00752-00190793-00191233 rubber boots lab and if fill the house
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00753-00191234-00191392 flies flying in very confined
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00754-00191393-00191524 environment and what you see that house
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00755-00191525-00191815 flies are actually not always capable of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00756-00191816-00191959 avoiding obstacles very often they
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00757-00191960-00192130 collide and they absorb the collisions
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00758-00192131-00192439 thanks to their exoskeletons and the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00759-00192440-00192715 news legs for up writing themselves or
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00760-00192716-00193003 for stabilizing after a collision and so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00761-00193004-00193405 we started to consider this capability
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00762-00193406-00193609 and we looked at the different type of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00763-00193610-00193795 the idea of building a different type of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00764-00193796-00193861 robot so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00765-00193862-00194161 Adam here we built a a new concept of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00766-00194162-00194341 era but which is capable of flying and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00767-00194342-00194560 then as a nexus skeleton that protects
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00768-00194561-00194737 the rubbers against the collision the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00769-00194738-00194904 rebels would then fall on the ground and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00770-00194905-00195175 then use legs too upright itself and fly
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00771-00195176-00195571 again and so we one of the very first
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00772-00195572-00195877 things we had to pay attention to was
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00773-00195878-00196254 the design of the outer cage and so this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00774-00196255-00196495 is the outer cage we used for our flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00775-00196496-00196864 robot it's a star-shaped cage using
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00776-00196865-00197131 carbon fibers and 3d printed joints that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00777-00197132-00197284 is capable of absorbing quite heavy
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00778-00197285-00197454 shock so this Robert can fall from two
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00779-00197455-00197851 meters and and without breaking we then
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00780-00197852-00198159 I keep dis Roberts with the legs and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00781-00198160-00198463 that normally retracted against the body
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00782-00198464-00198664 of the robot there I'm going to fly out
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00783-00198665-00198865 we fall on the ground and then we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00784-00198866-00199135 deployed the legs too upright itself and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00785-00199136-00199444 then fly again so this robot is as a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00786-00199445-00199660 very simple sensory system in a very
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00787-00199661-00199831 simple control system it only has one
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00788-00199832-00200107 light sensor which is used to detect the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00789-00200108-00200314 intensity of the light its goal is to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00790-00200315-00200527 simply navigate their words the source
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00791-00200528-00200841 of the light while of colliding with all
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00792-00200842-00200986 sort of structures and it can collide
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00793-00200987-00201112 with structures because it has this
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00794-00201113-00201406 protective cage so here we trade if you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00795-00201407-00201661 like complexity of the control system
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00796-00201662-00202003 for morphology from the protection due
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00797-00202004-00202207 to the morphology a new solution is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00798-00202208-00202573 quite smart but it's all it has one
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00799-00202574-00202864 problem like when the robot encounters
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00800-00202865-00203299 an obstacle its propellers will be due
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00801-00203300-00203488 to the collision would be oriented in a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00802-00203489-00203683 direction which is no longer the desired
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00803-00203684-00203965 direction to fly towards the goal and so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00804-00203966-00204135 what the robot will do because of these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00805-00204136-00204337 destabilization we tend to fall on the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00806-00204338-00204487 ground and then it will have to use
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00807-00204488-00204745 energy and time to upright itself and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00808-00204746-00205116 fly again and so what Audrey embryo and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00809-00205117-00205681 the przemek Karnowski here found was the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00810-00205682-00205863 idea of keeping this robot with a gimbal
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00811-00205864-00206050 system and outer frame I possibly
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00812-00206051-00206298 rotated out the frame they can take care
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00813-00206300-00206514 of the collision while the inner frame
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00814-00206515-00206736 with the propulsion system can remain
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00815-00206737-00206926 stable allowing the robot to move
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00816-00206927-00207164 towards it's a destination
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00817-00207165-00207340 and so they came up with the gimbal and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00818-00207341-00207719 gimble is a new type of the edge of some
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00819-00207719-00208169 very capable of stopping pollution in
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00820-00208169-00208541 flattered by the goal of this flying
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00821-00208542-00208775 robot is to reproduce the amazing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00822-00208776-00208976 capabilities of insects especially the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00823-00208977-00209129 fact that they can collide into things
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00824-00209130-00209576 and continue flying afterwards to
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00825-00209577-00209759 reproduce this we realize that we could
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00826-00209760-00209912 put a lot of intelligence in the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00827-00209913-00210158 mechanics by having this rotating frame
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00828-00210159-00210401 around the inner frame that always
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00829-00210402-00210566 remains stable even when they are
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00830-00210567-00210809 collisions so this allows us to send the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00831-00210810-00211042 robot in very difficult environments for
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00832-00211044-00211202 example for search-and-rescue missions
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00833-00211203-00211442 where there are lots of obstacles and we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00834-00211442-00211669 can do that without complex obstacle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00835-00211671-00211871 avoidance techniques so that we have a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00836-00211871-00212192 very lightweight platform the novelty of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00837-00212192-00212494 this platform is its rotating protective
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00838-00212496-00212873 frame it decouples the inner frame with
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00839-00212873-00213032 all the stabilization system and avi
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00840-00213033-00213338 onyx so that when a collision occurs the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00841-00213339-00213587 inner frame remains stable and only the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00842-00213588-00213842 outer frame rotates to test our robot we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00843-00213842-00214028 threw it completely autonomously through
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00844-00214029-00214265 a forest we just gave it a magnetic
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00845-00214266-00214519 direction and without any obstacle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00846-00214521-00214688 avoidance technique it was able to fly
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00847-00214689-00214889 for several hundred meters while
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00848-00214890-00215054 encountering multiple collisions with
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00849-00215055-00216656 trees
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00850-00216657-00216861 designing and building a flying platform
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00851-00216862-00217104 like this is very challenging the first
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00852-00217105-00217311 challenge that I had to face with is the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00853-00217312-00217544 weight that's why I built this robot
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00854-00217546-00217785 with the carbon fiber materials the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00855-00217786-00218171 second one is the band's so the robot
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00856-00218173-00218342 could remain stable after the collision
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00857-00218344-00218604 the main advantages of this platform is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00858-00218605-00218787 that it is very robust and lightweight
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00859-00218788-00219027 and that's because it doesn't need heavy
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00860-00219028-00219234 and complex sensors for obstacle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00861-00219235-00219462 avoidance in fact this robot can even
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00862-00219463-00219780 use collisions and have the obstacle
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00863-00219781-00220080 guided we think that this platform will
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00864-00220081-00220341 alow rescuers to access places that no
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00865-00220342-00220527 other robot can access and we hope that
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00866-00220528-00220680 one day we'll be able to achieve the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00867-00220681-00221301 amazing capabilities of insects okay so
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00868-00221302-00221471 if you are interesting there will be a
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00869-00221473-00221664 demonstration by traumatic of the game
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00870-00221665-00222030 ball down in the hole and also this is
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00871-00222031-00222405 the core of a potential startup that we
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00872-00222406-00222648 are considering so a dream here later on
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00873-00222648-00222831 during the there is I think a small
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00874-00222832-00223155 pitch what it will show the potential of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00875-00223156-00223440 these for solving problems in real
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00876-00223441-00223725 application real problems so I gave you
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00877-00223726-00223944 today an overview of some of the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00878-00223944-00224211 projects we have in the lab we still
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00879-00224212-00224369 have many challenges I'm going one of
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00880-00224371-00224492 the things we are looking at for example
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00881-00224494-00224798 these days is to have these robots with
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00882-00224800-00224982 the probable wings couple of multimodal
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00883-00224983-00225252 of commotion using flexible technologies
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00884-00225253-00225462 so we have foldable wings just like the
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00885-00225463-00225669 bath has another thing we are looking at
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00886-00225669-00225885 is how we can use we can leverage these
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00887-00225886-00226128 artificial compound eyes for detecting
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00888-00226129-00226271 neighboring robots that fly together
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00889-00226271-00226536 instead of using GPS information and
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00890-00226537-00226823 communication of the via radio and any
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00891-00226825-00227076 few other items so this is an ongoing
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00892-00227077-00227313 work and we hope we get there at some
XAkMIrkkJ6g-00893-00227314-00227631 point thank you very much
XAmqDOeS3H8-00000-00000035-00001374 [Music]
XAmqDOeS3H8-00001-00001375-00001491 hello
XAmqDOeS3H8-00002-00001492-00001767 everyone it is a pleasure to welcome you
XAmqDOeS3H8-00003-00001768-00002055 all once again to msp lecture series on
XAmqDOeS3H8-00004-00002056-00002295 transformative chemistry
XAmqDOeS3H8-00005-00002296-00002623 since my last lecture that is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00006-00002624-00003047 in my 45th lecture i started the topic
XAmqDOeS3H8-00007-00003048-00003327 inorganic reaction mechanisms with brief
XAmqDOeS3H8-00008-00003328-00003647 introduction i also initiated discussion
XAmqDOeS3H8-00009-00003647-00003831 on substitution reactions in square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00010-00003832-00004079 planar complexes so let me continue from
XAmqDOeS3H8-00011-00004079-00004359 where i had stopped so transmitted
XAmqDOeS3H8-00012-00004360-00004543 complexes having d8 electronic
XAmqDOeS3H8-00013-00004544-00004767 configuration and we can consider
XAmqDOeS3H8-00014-00004768-00004943 rhodium iridium
XAmqDOeS3H8-00015-00004944-00005159 palladium and platinum in plus two state
XAmqDOeS3H8-00016-00005160-00005399 rhodium and iridium in plus one state
XAmqDOeS3H8-00017-00005400-00005631 and also gold in plus three state so
XAmqDOeS3H8-00018-00005632-00005902 they all prefer scraper geometry with an
XAmqDOeS3H8-00019-00005903-00006191 exception of nickel 2 complexes they
XAmqDOeS3H8-00020-00006192-00006391 have a tendency to adopt both
XAmqDOeS3H8-00021-00006392-00006670 tetrahedral and square planar geometries
XAmqDOeS3H8-00022-00006672-00006959 even with sometimes strong field ligands
XAmqDOeS3H8-00023-00006959-00007246 however majority of kinetic work
XAmqDOeS3H8-00024-00007247-00007439 on square planar systems
XAmqDOeS3H8-00025-00007440-00007639 has been carried out
XAmqDOeS3H8-00026-00007640-00007974 on platinum 2 complexes because the rate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00027-00007975-00008223 of ligand substitution is conveniently
XAmqDOeS3H8-00028-00008224-00008483 slow so that the mechanism can be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00029-00008484-00008774 established with much easy without going
XAmqDOeS3H8-00030-00008775-00009135 to very fancy fast reaction rates
XAmqDOeS3H8-00031-00009136-00009319 systems and other things
XAmqDOeS3H8-00032-00009320-00009559 although substitution reaction data is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00033-00009560-00009774 available for palladium 2 as well as
XAmqDOeS3H8-00034-00009775-00010023 gold 3 complexes which also show
XAmqDOeS3H8-00035-00010024-00010159 similarities
XAmqDOeS3H8-00036-00010160-00010423 they are not always follow the same
XAmqDOeS3H8-00037-00010424-00010631 mechanism that is followed by these
XAmqDOeS3H8-00038-00010632-00010831 metals such as rhodium iridium or
XAmqDOeS3H8-00039-00010832-00011071 platinum so let us look into those
XAmqDOeS3H8-00040-00011072-00011295 differences as we progress with this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00041-00011296-00011638 topic the extensive mechanistic studies
XAmqDOeS3H8-00042-00011639-00011983 on platinum two complexes and observe
XAmqDOeS3H8-00043-00011984-00012303 negative values of delta s and delta v
XAmqDOeS3H8-00044-00012304-00012527 suggest that the nucleophilic substance
XAmqDOeS3H8-00045-00012528-00012735 reactions in square panel complexes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00046-00012736-00012991 proceed by associative mechanisms once
XAmqDOeS3H8-00047-00012991-00013247 again i tell you the extensive data we
XAmqDOeS3H8-00048-00013247-00013463 have on mechanistic studies on
XAmqDOeS3H8-00049-00013463-00013663 substitution reactions in platinum 2
XAmqDOeS3H8-00050-00013663-00013958 complexes and also observed negative
XAmqDOeS3H8-00051-00013959-00014222 values of delta s and delta v suggest
XAmqDOeS3H8-00052-00014223-00014303 that
XAmqDOeS3H8-00053-00014304-00014479 most of the nucleophilic substitution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00054-00014480-00014663 reactions that we perform on square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00055-00014663-00014951 planar complexes proceed by associative
XAmqDOeS3H8-00056-00014952-00015071 mechanism
XAmqDOeS3H8-00057-00015072-00015279 for example if you look into the rate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00058-00015280-00015471 constant for the displacement of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00059-00015472-00015794 chloride ligand by water in
XAmqDOeS3H8-00060-00015795-00016055 tetrachloroplatinate or you can consider
XAmqDOeS3H8-00061-00016056-00016455 here cl3 and nh3 having anionic ligand
XAmqDOeS3H8-00062-00016456-00016822 or you have diamino dichloro or having
XAmqDOeS3H8-00063-00016823-00017022 something like this if you consider any
XAmqDOeS3H8-00064-00017023-00017383 of these four complexes okay for
XAmqDOeS3H8-00065-00017384-00017703 substitution of chloride by water they
XAmqDOeS3H8-00066-00017704-00017975 suggest associative mechanism the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00067-00017976-00018255 dissociative pathway is expected to show
XAmqDOeS3H8-00068-00018256-00018494 a significant dependence on the charge
XAmqDOeS3H8-00069-00018495-00018639 on the complex
XAmqDOeS3H8-00070-00018640-00018975 nevertheless there are ways to explain
XAmqDOeS3H8-00071-00018976-00019214 substitution reaction in case of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00072-00019215-00019479 platinum complexes or d8 system or
XAmqDOeS3H8-00073-00019480-00019663 square panel complexes using
XAmqDOeS3H8-00074-00019664-00019943 dissociative pathway by looking into
XAmqDOeS3H8-00075-00019944-00020239 some donor solvent interaction which
XAmqDOeS3H8-00076-00020240-00020455 make weak interactions on the axial
XAmqDOeS3H8-00077-00020456-00020767 position to have a tetragonal geometry
XAmqDOeS3H8-00078-00020768-00020967 so let us look into those things later
XAmqDOeS3H8-00079-00020968-00021239 now let us consider a typical reaction
XAmqDOeS3H8-00080-00021240-00021439 here square panther complex of platinum
XAmqDOeS3H8-00081-00021440-00021694 2 that undergoes substitution here again
XAmqDOeS3H8-00082-00021695-00021903 x is the leaving group and y is the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00083-00021904-00022150 entering group and we have this one and
XAmqDOeS3H8-00084-00022151-00022414 it is forming here so the rate law can
XAmqDOeS3H8-00085-00022415-00022519 be written
XAmqDOeS3H8-00086-00022520-00022791 this one in this format where we are
XAmqDOeS3H8-00087-00022792-00023199 considering two terms here k1 and k2
XAmqDOeS3H8-00088-00023200-00023471 so the typical reaction
XAmqDOeS3H8-00089-00023472-00023750 of this type are studied under pseudo
XAmqDOeS3H8-00090-00023751-00023975 first order conditions in the presence
XAmqDOeS3H8-00091-00023976-00024303 of an excess of y and also solvent s the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00092-00024304-00024511 two terms are there you should recall so
XAmqDOeS3H8-00093-00024512-00024783 the reason is the solvent interference
XAmqDOeS3H8-00094-00024784-00024958 in the substitution reactions for
XAmqDOeS3H8-00095-00024959-00025199 example if y is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00096-00025200-00025439 in large axis of course solvent is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00097-00025440-00025694 always in large axis the change of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00098-00025695-00026094 concentration of y with time is almost
XAmqDOeS3H8-00099-00026095-00026374 zero so that means after certain time
XAmqDOeS3H8-00100-00026375-00026599 the y concentration does not change
XAmqDOeS3H8-00101-00026600-00026814 similarly solvent concentration also
XAmqDOeS3H8-00102-00026816-00027079 doesn't change with time because the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00103-00027080-00027351 minimum change in the solvent can be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00104-00027352-00027590 ignored so it it more or less remains
XAmqDOeS3H8-00105-00027591-00027895 same so that means with respect to time
XAmqDOeS3H8-00106-00027895-00028239 the change observed is 0 and then what
XAmqDOeS3H8-00107-00028239-00028446 happens the observed rate constant can
XAmqDOeS3H8-00108-00028447-00028687 be simply written as in this format and
XAmqDOeS3H8-00109-00028688-00028935 that means otherwise k observed equals k
XAmqDOeS3H8-00110-00028936-00029246 1 plus k 2 into the concentration of y
XAmqDOeS3H8-00111-00029247-00029574 so k 1 and k 2 can be evaluated by
XAmqDOeS3H8-00112-00029575-00029839 carrying out a series of reactions with
XAmqDOeS3H8-00113-00029839-00030118 various concentrations of y i showed you
XAmqDOeS3H8-00114-00030119-00030351 two terms k 1 and k 2 they can be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00115-00030352-00030607 evaluated by carrying out a series of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00116-00030608-00030846 reactions with various concentrations of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00117-00030847-00031039 y for example let us look into this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00118-00031039-00031374 plots here the experiments shows that
XAmqDOeS3H8-00119-00031375-00031718 the term k 1 becomes dominant if the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00120-00031719-00031911 reaction is carried out in polar
XAmqDOeS3H8-00121-00031912-00032143 solvents ok and its contribution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00122-00032144-00032470 diminishes in a polar solvents so this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00123-00032472-00032751 indicates solvent participation can be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00124-00032752-00033127 represented by ok modifying the equation
XAmqDOeS3H8-00125-00033128-00033390 in this form you can see here in this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00126-00033391-00033711 form so you can see the experiments
XAmqDOeS3H8-00127-00033712-00034055 shows that the term k 1 becomes dominant
XAmqDOeS3H8-00128-00034056-00034295 if the reaction is carried out
XAmqDOeS3H8-00129-00034296-00034559 in polar solvents and its contribution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00130-00034560-00034790 diminishes in a polar solvent you should
XAmqDOeS3H8-00131-00034791-00035062 remember that this indicates solvent
XAmqDOeS3H8-00132-00035063-00035255 participation can be represented by
XAmqDOeS3H8-00133-00035256-00035439 modifying the equation
XAmqDOeS3H8-00134-00035440-00035751 e one as e two you can see here so for
XAmqDOeS3H8-00135-00035752-00035990 example here we are taking k one into p
XAmqDOeS3H8-00136-00035991-00036262 t l three x concentration of this one
XAmqDOeS3H8-00137-00036263-00036471 and then concentration of this one also
XAmqDOeS3H8-00138-00036472-00036662 whereas in this case when the solvent is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00139-00036663-00036902 there you can also add the term solvent
XAmqDOeS3H8-00140-00036903-00037079 here in this case
XAmqDOeS3H8-00141-00037080-00037367 so this is how the influence of solvent
XAmqDOeS3H8-00142-00037368-00037590 can also be added to the rate equation
XAmqDOeS3H8-00143-00037591-00037855 since s c is in what axis that means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00144-00037856-00038046 solvent s is solvent
XAmqDOeS3H8-00145-00038047-00038390 is in large axis its concentration is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00146-00038391-00038574 unaffected during the reaction the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00147-00038575-00038783 literally there is no change and hence
XAmqDOeS3H8-00148-00038784-00038999 it can be considered pseudo first order
XAmqDOeS3H8-00149-00039000-00039262 condition by comparing equation one and
XAmqDOeS3H8-00150-00039263-00039559 two what we can get is this is the one
XAmqDOeS3H8-00151-00039560-00039807 simply by comparing we get k1 equals k3
XAmqDOeS3H8-00152-00039808-00040015 into the concentration of solvent if the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00153-00040016-00040262 solvent is a potential ligand such as
XAmqDOeS3H8-00154-00040263-00040607 water it competes with y the entering
XAmqDOeS3H8-00155-00040608-00040767 group in the rate determining step of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00156-00040768-00041071 the reaction so that x can be replaced
XAmqDOeS3H8-00157-00041072-00041430 by y or s to begin with yes x is the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00158-00041431-00041758 leaving group substitution of s by y
XAmqDOeS3H8-00159-00041759-00042030 takes place in a first step there is non
XAmqDOeS3H8-00160-00042031-00042287 rate determining step so therefore two
XAmqDOeS3H8-00161-00042288-00042535 pathways by which the reaction probably
XAmqDOeS3H8-00162-00042536-00042639 proceed
XAmqDOeS3H8-00163-00042640-00042862 are represented in this one for example
XAmqDOeS3H8-00164-00042863-00043223 this is a typical reaction here so that
XAmqDOeS3H8-00165-00043224-00043374 we can see first
XAmqDOeS3H8-00166-00043375-00043767 initially before x is leaving s comes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00167-00043768-00043999 here and then it establishes this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00168-00044000-00044199 intermediate and then this intermediate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00169-00044200-00044439 would react with y to give the product
XAmqDOeS3H8-00170-00044440-00044662 in the first step that means the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00171-00044663-00044879 decrease in the rate constants with
XAmqDOeS3H8-00172-00044880-00045246 sterically bulky ligands y or l
XAmqDOeS3H8-00173-00045247-00045527 is an indicative of associative pathway
XAmqDOeS3H8-00174-00045528-00045767 favoring both the terms k1 and k2 so
XAmqDOeS3H8-00175-00045768-00045967 that means the steric factors when we
XAmqDOeS3H8-00176-00045968-00046183 are considering we have to consider the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00177-00046184-00046383 ligands already present on the metal
XAmqDOeS3H8-00178-00046384-00046695 such as l and also the steric bulk of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00179-00046696-00046911 the entering ligand y both have to be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00180-00046912-00047158 considered to understand about the the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00181-00047159-00047462 nature of the pathways but here very
XAmqDOeS3H8-00182-00047463-00047711 clearly one can tell about the decrease
XAmqDOeS3H8-00183-00047712-00047943 in the rate constant with sterically
XAmqDOeS3H8-00184-00047944-00048230 bulky ligands indicates the associative
XAmqDOeS3H8-00185-00048231-00048430 pathway that means when associated
XAmqDOeS3H8-00186-00048431-00048646 pathway is there that favors both the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00187-00048647-00048974 terms k1 and k2 in majority of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00188-00048975-00049127 substitution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00189-00049128-00049390 of square pen or platinum 2 complexes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00190-00049391-00049467 yes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00191-00049468-00049702 stereochemistry is retained you should
XAmqDOeS3H8-00192-00049703-00049943 remember in majority of substitution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00193-00049944-00050174 reactions of square planar complexes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00194-00050175-00050439 stereochemistry is retained the entering
XAmqDOeS3H8-00195-00050440-00050623 group occupies the leaving group
XAmqDOeS3H8-00196-00050624-00050758 position
XAmqDOeS3H8-00197-00050759-00051079 the entering group occupies the leaving
XAmqDOeS3H8-00198-00051080-00051487 group position and associative or
XAmqDOeS3H8-00199-00051488-00051775 iea mechanism involves a five coordinate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00200-00051776-00052054 intermediate or constant state
XAmqDOeS3H8-00201-00052055-00052294 and since the energy difference between
XAmqDOeS3H8-00202-00052295-00052542 the five coordinate geometry is small
XAmqDOeS3H8-00203-00052544-00052799 one would expect rearrangement of five
XAmqDOeS3H8-00204-00052800-00053087 coordinated species to be facile unless
XAmqDOeS3H8-00205-00053088-00053326 for example it is sterically hindered
XAmqDOeS3H8-00206-00053327-00053615 that means c r i a or its lifetime is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00207-00053616-00053879 too short like i a you have to consider
XAmqDOeS3H8-00208-00053879-00054159 so once again i tell you in a
XAmqDOeS3H8-00209-00054160-00054415 substitution reaction on square manner
XAmqDOeS3H8-00210-00054416-00054654 complexes the stereochemistry is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00211-00054655-00054950 retained the entering group occupies the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00212-00054951-00055230 position left by the living group
XAmqDOeS3H8-00213-00055232-00055479 an associative mechanism or interchange
XAmqDOeS3H8-00214-00055479-00055742 associative mechanism involves a five
XAmqDOeS3H8-00215-00055744-00055966 coordinate intermediate or transient
XAmqDOeS3H8-00216-00055967-00056063 state
XAmqDOeS3H8-00217-00056064-00056359 i a ia transisted in a intermediate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00218-00056360-00056582 since the energy difference between
XAmqDOeS3H8-00219-00056583-00056782 different phi coordinate geometries is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00220-00056783-00057103 small especially in ia one would expect
XAmqDOeS3H8-00221-00057104-00057294 rearrangement of the five coordinate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00222-00057295-00057526 species to be very facile
XAmqDOeS3H8-00223-00057527-00057679 for example this is the one i am telling
XAmqDOeS3H8-00224-00057679-00058063 you very facile unless for example it is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00225-00058064-00058254 sterically
XAmqDOeS3H8-00226-00058255-00058542 hindered a or i it does not matter or
XAmqDOeS3H8-00227-00058544-00058791 its lifetime is too short in that case
XAmqDOeS3H8-00228-00058791-00059071 its ia the stereochemical retention can
XAmqDOeS3H8-00229-00059072-00059342 be envisaged as shown in this figure
XAmqDOeS3H8-00230-00059344-00059694 here you can see in this figure why does
XAmqDOeS3H8-00231-00059695-00059847 intermediate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00232-00059848-00060079 or the transistor species has a trigonal
XAmqDOeS3H8-00233-00060079-00060375 biprenatal geometry so that means now
XAmqDOeS3H8-00234-00060376-00060638 the question is if associative mechanism
XAmqDOeS3H8-00235-00060639-00060863 is followed exclusively with square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00236-00060864-00061071 planar complexes during the substitution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00237-00061072-00061319 reaction and it increases the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00238-00061320-00061575 coordination number by one in the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00239-00061576-00061791 intermediate that means going from 4 to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00240-00061791-00062054 5 in that case the preferred geometry is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00241-00062055-00062311 trigonal bipyramidal you can see here it
XAmqDOeS3H8-00242-00062312-00062606 is added now it is revert back to square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00243-00062607-00062775 planar geometry of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00244-00062776-00063038 x leaves that means here it indicates
XAmqDOeS3H8-00245-00063039-00063206 substitution is completed now the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00246-00063207-00063519 question is why it adopts
XAmqDOeS3H8-00247-00063520-00063799 trigonal bipedal geometry why not square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00248-00063800-00063966 pyramidal geometry square pyramidal
XAmqDOeS3H8-00249-00063967-00064150 geometry it can come and attack
XAmqDOeS3H8-00250-00064151-00064406 something like this and then this can go
XAmqDOeS3H8-00251-00064407-00064575 on it can revert back to square by the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00252-00064576-00064830 geometry so that is the thing now this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00253-00064832-00065175 is the time appropriate time to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00254-00065176-00065447 bring the concept called trans effect
XAmqDOeS3H8-00255-00065448-00065703 trans effect is very very important when
XAmqDOeS3H8-00256-00065704-00065894 we talk about the substitution reactions
XAmqDOeS3H8-00257-00065895-00066150 of square planar complexes perhaps you
XAmqDOeS3H8-00258-00066151-00066375 are wondering why i didn't bring the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00259-00066376-00066582 term trans effect r why i didn't
XAmqDOeS3H8-00260-00066583-00066863 introduce trans effect prior to the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00261-00066864-00067094 discussion on square panel complexes of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00262-00067095-00067359 course i was waiting for this juncture
XAmqDOeS3H8-00263-00067360-00067599 to introduce trans effect the choice of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00264-00067600-00067871 leaving group in a square panel complex
XAmqDOeS3H8-00265-00067872-00068103 is determined by the nature of the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00266-00068104-00068367 ligand trans to it this is the trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00267-00068368-00068655 effect and is kinetic in origin that
XAmqDOeS3H8-00268-00068656-00068750 means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00269-00068751-00068982 in other words i can also explain the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00270-00068983-00069263 ability of a ligand to labelize a group
XAmqDOeS3H8-00271-00069264-00069487 trans to itself so that the entering
XAmqDOeS3H8-00272-00069488-00069735 ligand can occupy that position is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00273-00069736-00069926 called trans effect that means the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00274-00069927-00070126 leveraging effect of a group trans to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00275-00070127-00070423 itself during a substitution reaction to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00276-00070424-00070615 make way for the entering ligand is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00277-00070616-00070879 called trans effect let us look into the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00278-00070880-00071167 preparation of well-known complexes of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00279-00071168-00071447 cis and transplanting that means ptcl to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00280-00071448-00071711 nh3 twice it is a square path complex
XAmqDOeS3H8-00281-00071712-00071950 you all know and it shows geometric
XAmqDOeS3H8-00282-00071951-00072271 isomerism cis and trans so that means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00283-00072272-00072511 how cis and trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00284-00072512-00072847 complexes can be prepared using trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00285-00072848-00073150 effect so how trans effect operates in
XAmqDOeS3H8-00286-00073151-00073319 substitution reactions of square planar
XAmqDOeS3H8-00287-00073320-00073575 complexes we can look into it just with
XAmqDOeS3H8-00288-00073576-00073759 the beginning of the understanding of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00289-00073760-00074062 the formation of cis and trans diamino
XAmqDOeS3H8-00290-00074063-00074319 dichloroplatinum complexes so look into
XAmqDOeS3H8-00291-00074320-00074567 it here we started with
XAmqDOeS3H8-00292-00074568-00074675 here
XAmqDOeS3H8-00293-00074676-00074871 tetrachloroplatinate here you should
XAmqDOeS3H8-00294-00074872-00075119 remember of course we are adding ammonia
XAmqDOeS3H8-00295-00075120-00075350 and by spectrochemical series also you
XAmqDOeS3H8-00296-00075351-00075487 know that the moment a strong field
XAmqDOeS3H8-00297-00075488-00075767 ligand such as ammonia comes chloride
XAmqDOeS3H8-00298-00075768-00075999 relatively weaker ligand it leaves yes
XAmqDOeS3H8-00299-00076000-00076287 it goes and now we have three chlorides
XAmqDOeS3H8-00300-00076288-00076462 are there and one ammonia is there in
XAmqDOeS3H8-00301-00076463-00076694 this one and next continue adding
XAmqDOeS3H8-00302-00076695-00076919 another molecule of ammonia so that
XAmqDOeS3H8-00303-00076920-00077231 replaces another one and then we get a
XAmqDOeS3H8-00304-00077232-00077479 cis compound here so that means we are
XAmqDOeS3H8-00305-00077480-00077726 getting a cis compound means either
XAmqDOeS3H8-00306-00077727-00078023 replacing this one or this one
XAmqDOeS3H8-00307-00078024-00078350 not this one so we are getting the cis
XAmqDOeS3H8-00308-00078351-00078711 product here in contrast we started with
XAmqDOeS3H8-00309-00078712-00079023 tetramine platinum 2 complex so now in
XAmqDOeS3H8-00310-00079024-00079406 order to make a chloro amine complex we
XAmqDOeS3H8-00311-00079407-00079631 have to add cl minus when you are adding
XAmqDOeS3H8-00312-00079632-00079879 cl minus obviously one of the ammonia
XAmqDOeS3H8-00313-00079880-00080094 goes does not matter which one goes we
XAmqDOeS3H8-00314-00080095-00080326 end up getting a three ammonia and
XAmqDOeS3H8-00315-00080327-00080711 chloride comes next when we add nh3 this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00316-00080712-00080862 nh3
XAmqDOeS3H8-00317-00080863-00081262 adds to a position trans to the chloride
XAmqDOeS3H8-00318-00081263-00081350 here
XAmqDOeS3H8-00319-00081351-00081494 so that means that results in the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00320-00081495-00081959 formation of trans compound here
XAmqDOeS3H8-00321-00081960-00082159 so trans compound is obtained that means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00322-00082160-00082326 tetrachloroplatinate
XAmqDOeS3H8-00323-00082327-00082591 if you take and add in the sequential
XAmqDOeS3H8-00324-00082592-00082838 order ammonia that leads to the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00325-00082839-00083143 formation of a cis product here on the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00326-00083144-00083311 other hand if you take tetramine
XAmqDOeS3H8-00327-00083312-00083662 platinum two complex add chloride
XAmqDOeS3H8-00328-00083663-00083903 in two steps that leads to the formation
XAmqDOeS3H8-00329-00083904-00084150 of trans compound so this was the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00330-00084151-00084255 beginning
XAmqDOeS3H8-00331-00084256-00084511 of the reactions that led to the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00332-00084512-00084743 understanding and explanation of trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00333-00084744-00084959 effect and hence the substitution
XAmqDOeS3H8-00334-00084960-00085206 reactions in square planar complexes and
XAmqDOeS3H8-00335-00085207-00085462 in case of octahedral complexes this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00336-00085463-00085679 trans effect may or may not influence
XAmqDOeS3H8-00337-00085680-00085894 the substitution but whereas in case of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00338-00085895-00086143 square planar complexes this trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00339-00086144-00086406 effect influences a large and it has
XAmqDOeS3H8-00340-00086407-00086703 tremendous influence on the rate of the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00341-00086704-00086935 reaction and also in understanding the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00342-00086936-00087262 mechanism of the reaction so the general
XAmqDOeS3H8-00343-00087263-00087471 order of the trans effect that means the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00344-00087472-00087711 ability of ligands to direct trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00345-00087712-00087967 substitution spans a factor about 10 to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00346-00087968-00088262 the power of 6 in the rates that means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00347-00088263-00088479 their influence is remarkable if you can
XAmqDOeS3H8-00348-00088480-00088559 see
XAmqDOeS3H8-00349-00088560-00088799 to what extent the influence is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00350-00088800-00089126 represented by this order that indicates
XAmqDOeS3H8-00351-00089127-00089391 to what extent this trans effect has an
XAmqDOeS3H8-00352-00089392-00089606 influence on the substitution reactions
XAmqDOeS3H8-00353-00089607-00089847 in square planar complexes the trans
XAmqDOeS3H8-00354-00089848-00090150 series is given here
XAmqDOeS3H8-00355-00090151-00090335 for example if you just look into this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00356-00090336-00090623 one you should be able to see how a
XAmqDOeS3H8-00357-00090624-00090806 ligand can be replaced with another
XAmqDOeS3H8-00358-00090807-00091055 ligand can be clearly seen so this is
XAmqDOeS3H8-00359-00091056-00091311 the trans series and one can also extend
XAmqDOeS3H8-00360-00091312-00091550 it adding some more but these are the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00361-00091551-00091806 important ligands we come across when we
XAmqDOeS3H8-00362-00091807-00092047 perform substitution reactions in square
XAmqDOeS3H8-00363-00092048-00092359 planar complexes so now with this
XAmqDOeS3H8-00364-00092360-00092606 information now let us look into the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00365-00092607-00092935 classification of ligands in my previous
XAmqDOeS3H8-00366-00092936-00093174 lectures when i was talking about
XAmqDOeS3H8-00367-00093175-00093455 classification of ligands by donor atoms
XAmqDOeS3H8-00368-00093456-00093582 so i
XAmqDOeS3H8-00369-00093583-00093838 tried to convince you about the type of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00370-00093839-00094103 ligands we have and also how they can be
XAmqDOeS3H8-00371-00094104-00094343 classified that means classification of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00372-00094344-00094543 ligands one can do
XAmqDOeS3H8-00373-00094544-00094767 into three categories and their
XAmqDOeS3H8-00374-00094768-00094943 characteristic properties have been
XAmqDOeS3H8-00375-00094944-00095118 thoroughly explained in my previous
XAmqDOeS3H8-00376-00095119-00095350 lecture so in order to understand the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00377-00095351-00095599 trans influence of these ligands one has
XAmqDOeS3H8-00378-00095600-00095799 to look into
XAmqDOeS3H8-00379-00095800-00096079 different trans theories that means
XAmqDOeS3H8-00380-00096080-00096350 the three class of ligands i classified
XAmqDOeS3H8-00381-00096351-00096726 and and told you are the pure sigma are
XAmqDOeS3H8-00382-00096727-00097023 ligands and sigma donor and pi donor
XAmqDOeS3H8-00383-00097024-00097359 ligands and sigma donor and pi acceptor
XAmqDOeS3H8-00384-00097360-00097679 ligands that means we do not have a very
XAmqDOeS3H8-00385-00097680-00098015 general trans theory to explain the
XAmqDOeS3H8-00386-00098016-00098262 influence of these ligands on
XAmqDOeS3H8-00387-00098263-00098550 substitution reactions but we have to go
XAmqDOeS3H8-00388-00098551-00098782 for different theories depending upon
XAmqDOeS3H8-00389-00098783-00099038 the nature of the ligands we are using
XAmqDOeS3H8-00390-00099039-00099206 that means since we have three
XAmqDOeS3H8-00391-00099207-00099343 categories of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00392-00099344-00099550 ligands we also should have three
XAmqDOeS3H8-00393-00099551-00099799 categories of trans theories
XAmqDOeS3H8-00394-00099800-00099974 that means we cannot have a general
XAmqDOeS3H8-00395-00099975-00100247 theory that can explain the influence of
XAmqDOeS3H8-00396-00100248-00100567 all clause of ligands ok so we have to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00397-00100568-00100799 have conveniently three theories to
XAmqDOeS3H8-00398-00100800-00101023 understand the transfect of these three
XAmqDOeS3H8-00399-00101024-00101294 class of ligands what i will do is in my
XAmqDOeS3H8-00400-00101295-00101567 next lecture i shall
XAmqDOeS3H8-00401-00101568-00101823 elaborate on trans effects and what are
XAmqDOeS3H8-00402-00101824-00102006 the trans theories we have at our
XAmqDOeS3H8-00403-00102007-00102247 disposal and what kind of ligands would
XAmqDOeS3H8-00404-00102248-00102463 follow which theory all those things i
XAmqDOeS3H8-00405-00102464-00102599 shall tell you
XAmqDOeS3H8-00406-00102600-00102847 in more detail so
XAmqDOeS3H8-00407-00102848-00103102 until then have excellent time in
XAmqDOeS3H8-00408-00103103-00103294 reading chemistry thank you for your
XAmqDOeS3H8-00409-00103295-00103936 kind attention
XAmqDOeS3H8-00410-00103938-00106221 [Music]
XAmqDOeS3H8-00411-00106222-00106521 [Applause]
XAmqDOeS3H8-00412-00106522-00107766 [Music]
XAmqDOeS3H8-00413-00107767-00107976 you
XAPuV8QXVB8-00000-00000075-00000429 nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00001-00000430-00000740 molecular formula and no -3 and a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00002-00000741-00001365 molecular mass of 60 2.00 for 9u organic
XAPuV8QXVB8-00003-00001366-00001673 compounds that contain the nitrate ester
XAPuV8QXVB8-00004-00001675-00002022 as a functional group ro no.2 are also
XAPuV8QXVB8-00005-00002023-00002751 called nitrates
XAPuV8QXVB8-00006-00002752-00003329 topic structure
XAPuV8QXVB8-00007-00003329-00003650 the anion is the conjugate base of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00008-00003651-00003995 nitric acid consisting of one central
XAPuV8QXVB8-00009-00003996-00004286 nitrogen atoms surrounded by three
XAPuV8QXVB8-00010-00004287-00004628 identically bonded oxygen atoms in a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00011-00004629-00005021 trigonal planar arrangement the nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00012-00005022-00005393 ion carries a formal charge of minus one
XAPuV8QXVB8-00013-00005394-00005765 this results from a combination formal
XAPuV8QXVB8-00014-00005766-00005996 charge in which each of the three
XAPuV8QXVB8-00015-00005997-00006299 oxygens carries a minus two-thirds
XAPuV8QXVB8-00016-00006300-00006610 charge whereas the nitrogen carries a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00017-00006611-00006931 plus one charge all these adding up to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00018-00006933-00007241 formal charge of the polyatomic nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00019-00007242-00007699 ion this arrangement is commonly used as
XAPuV8QXVB8-00020-00007700-00008034 an example of resonance like the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00021-00008036-00008378 isoelectronic carbonate ion the nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00022-00008379-00008671 ion can be represented by resonance
XAPuV8QXVB8-00023-00008672-00009255 structures
XAPuV8QXVB8-00024-00009256-00009908 topic properties and diet
XAPuV8QXVB8-00025-00009909-00010301 almost all inorganic nitrate salts are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00026-00010302-00010562 soluble in water at standard temperature
XAPuV8QXVB8-00027-00010563-00011024 and pressure a common example of an
XAPuV8QXVB8-00028-00011025-00011317 inorganic nitrate salt is potassium
XAPuV8QXVB8-00029-00011318-00011767 nitrate saltpeter a rich source of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00030-00011768-00012056 inorganic nitrate in the human body
XAPuV8QXVB8-00031-00012057-00012395 comes from diets rich in leafy green
XAPuV8QXVB8-00032-00012396-00012943 foods such as spinach and arugula no -3
XAPuV8QXVB8-00033-00012944-00013297 inorganic nitrate is the viable active
XAPuV8QXVB8-00034-00013298-00013577 component within beetroot juice and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00035-00013578-00014050 other vegetables Dietary nitrate may be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00036-00014051-00014390 found in cured meats various leafy
XAPuV8QXVB8-00037-00014391-00014732 vegetables and drinking water nitrite
XAPuV8QXVB8-00038-00014733-00015016 consumption is primarily determined by
XAPuV8QXVB8-00039-00015018-00015319 the amount of processed meats eaten and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00040-00015320-00015632 the concentration of nitrates in these
XAPuV8QXVB8-00041-00015633-00016100 meats nitrate and water are converted in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00042-00016101-00016400 the body to nitric oxide which could
XAPuV8QXVB8-00043-00016401-00016828 reduce hypertension antihypertensive
XAPuV8QXVB8-00044-00016829-00017102 diets such as the - diet
XAPuV8QXVB8-00045-00017103-00017359 typically contain high levels of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00046-00017360-00017639 nitrates which are first reduced to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00047-00017640-00017978 nitrite in the saliva as detected in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00048-00017979-00018322 saliva testing prior to forming nitric
XAPuV8QXVB8-00049-00018323-00018958 oxide
XAPuV8QXVB8-00050-00018959-00019162 topic occurrence
XAPuV8QXVB8-00051-00019163-00019549 [Music]
XAPuV8QXVB8-00052-00019550-00019855 nitrate salts are found naturally on
XAPuV8QXVB8-00053-00019856-00020201 earth as large deposits particularly of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00054-00020202-00020486 nitrogen a major source of sodium
XAPuV8QXVB8-00055-00020487-00020944 nitrate nitrates are produced by a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00056-00020945-00021235 number of species of nitrifying bacteria
XAPuV8QXVB8-00057-00021236-00021586 and the nitrate compounds for gunpowder
XAPuV8QXVB8-00058-00021587-00021875 see this topic for more were
XAPuV8QXVB8-00059-00021876-00022193 historically produced in the absence of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00060-00022194-00022499 mineral nitrate sources by means of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00061-00022500-00022819 various fermentation processes using
XAPuV8QXVB8-00062-00022820-00023278 urine and dung nitrates are found in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00063-00023279-00023755 fertilizers as a by-product of lightning
XAPuV8QXVB8-00064-00023756-00024077 strikes in Earth's nitrogen oxygen rich
XAPuV8QXVB8-00065-00024078-00024397 atmosphere my trick acid is produced
XAPuV8QXVB8-00066-00024398-00024737 when nitrogen dioxide reacts with water
XAPuV8QXVB8-00067-00024738-00025374 vapor
XAPuV8QXVB8-00068-00025375-00025960 topic users
XAPuV8QXVB8-00069-00025961-00026311 nitrates are mainly produced for use as
XAPuV8QXVB8-00070-00026312-00026630 fertilizers in agriculture because of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00071-00026631-00026845 their high solubility and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00072-00026845-00027238 biodegradability the main nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00073-00027239-00027530 fertilizers are ammonium sodium
XAPuV8QXVB8-00074-00027531-00028001 potassium and calcium salts several
XAPuV8QXVB8-00075-00028002-00028274 million kilograms are produced annually
XAPuV8QXVB8-00076-00028275-00028555 for this purpose the second major
XAPuV8QXVB8-00077-00028556-00028904 application of nitrates is as oxidizing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00078-00028905-00029258 agents most notably in explosives where
XAPuV8QXVB8-00079-00029258-00029600 the rapid oxidation of carbon compounds
XAPuV8QXVB8-00080-00029601-00029939 liberates large volumes of gases see
XAPuV8QXVB8-00081-00029939-00030329 gunpowder through an example sodium
XAPuV8QXVB8-00082-00030330-00030595 nitrate is used to remove air bubbles
XAPuV8QXVB8-00083-00030597-00031042 from molten glass than some ceramics
XAPuV8QXVB8-00084-00031043-00031388 mixtures of the molten salt to use to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00085-00031389-00031698 harden some metals
XAPuV8QXVB8-00086-00031699-00032023 explosives and table tennis balls are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00087-00032024-00032395 made from celluloid in the early 20th
XAPuV8QXVB8-00088-00032395-00032725 century most motion picture film was
XAPuV8QXVB8-00089-00032726-00033022 made of nitrocellulose but the intense
XAPuV8QXVB8-00090-00033023-00033328 flammability of the film led to it being
XAPuV8QXVB8-00091-00033329-00033765 replaced with safety film by the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00092-00033766-00034276 mid-20th century although nitrites are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00093-00034277-00034606 the nitrogen compound chiefly used in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00094-00034607-00034938 meat curing nitrates are used in certain
XAPuV8QXVB8-00095-00034939-00035254 specialty curing processes where a long
XAPuV8QXVB8-00096-00035255-00035569 release of nitrite from parent nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00097-00035570-00036016 stalls is needed the use of nitrates in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00098-00036017-00036382 food preservation is controversial this
XAPuV8QXVB8-00099-00036383-00036619 is due to the potential for the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00100-00036620-00036880 formation of nitrosamine x' when
XAPuV8QXVB8-00101-00036881-00037131 nitrates are present in high
XAPuV8QXVB8-00102-00037132-00037399 concentrations and the product is cooked
XAPuV8QXVB8-00103-00037400-00037804 at high temperatures the effect is seen
XAPuV8QXVB8-00104-00037805-00038131 for red or processed meat but not for
XAPuV8QXVB8-00105-00038132-00038532 white meat or fish the production of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00106-00038533-00038791 carcinogenic nitrosamines may be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00107-00038792-00039133 inhibited by the use of the antioxidants
XAPuV8QXVB8-00108-00039134-00039451 vitamin C and the alpha tocopheryl form
XAPuV8QXVB8-00109-00039452-00039742 of vitamin E during curing under
XAPuV8QXVB8-00110-00039743-00040084 simulated gastric conditions nitro sur
XAPuV8QXVB8-00111-00040085-00040375 files rather than nitrosamine so the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00112-00040376-00040813 main nitroso species being formed the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00113-00040814-00041101 use of either compound is therefore
XAPuV8QXVB8-00114-00041102-00041446 regulated for example in the United
XAPuV8QXVB8-00115-00041447-00041788 States the concentration of nitrates and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00116-00041789-00042193 nitrites is generally limited to 200 ppm
XAPuV8QXVB8-00117-00042194-00042519 or lower they are considered
XAPuV8QXVB8-00118-00042520-00042757 irreplaceable in the prevention of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00119-00042758-00043075 botulinum poisoning from consumption of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00120-00043076-00043423 cured dry sausages by preventing spore
XAPuV8QXVB8-00121-00043424-00043684 germination research has shown that
XAPuV8QXVB8-00122-00043685-00044050 dietary nitrate supplementation delivers
XAPuV8QXVB8-00123-00044051-00044377 positive results when testing endurance
XAPuV8QXVB8-00124-00044378-00044736 exercise performance
XAPuV8QXVB8-00125-00044737-00045126 you
XAPuV8QXVB8-00126-00045127-00045924 topic detection the historical standard
XAPuV8QXVB8-00127-00045925-00046227 method of testing for nitrate is the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00128-00046228-00046485 cadmium reduction method which is
XAPuV8QXVB8-00129-00046486-00046761 reliable and accurate although it is
XAPuV8QXVB8-00130-00046762-00047088 dependent on a toxic metal cadmium and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00131-00047089-00047432 thus not suitable for all applications
XAPuV8QXVB8-00132-00047433-00047817 an alternative method for nitrate and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00133-00047818-00048192 nitrite analysis is enzymatic reduction
XAPuV8QXVB8-00134-00048193-00048495 using nitrate reductase which has
XAPuV8QXVB8-00135-00048496-00048783 recently been proposed by the US
XAPuV8QXVB8-00136-00048784-00049104 Environmental Protection Agency as an
XAPuV8QXVB8-00137-00049105-00049410 alternate test procedure for determining
XAPuV8QXVB8-00138-00049411-00049806 nitrate an open source photometer
XAPuV8QXVB8-00139-00049807-00050085 has been developed for this method to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00140-00050086-00050475 accurately detect nitrate in water soils
XAPuV8QXVB8-00141-00050476-00050897 forage etc free nitrate ions in solution
XAPuV8QXVB8-00142-00050898-00051252 can be detected by a nitrate ion
XAPuV8QXVB8-00143-00051253-00051649 selective electrode such electrodes
XAPuV8QXVB8-00144-00051650-00052024 function analogously to the pH selective
XAPuV8QXVB8-00145-00052025-00052380 electrode this response is partially
XAPuV8QXVB8-00146-00052381-00053151 described by the Nernst equation
XAPuV8QXVB8-00147-00053152-00054110 topic toxicity
XAPuV8QXVB8-00148-00054111-00054673 topic poisoning
XAPuV8QXVB8-00149-00054674-00054971 nitrate poisoning can occur through
XAPuV8QXVB8-00150-00054972-00055346 enterohepatic metabolism of nitrate due
XAPuV8QXVB8-00151-00055347-00055684 to nitrite being an intermediate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00152-00055685-00056062 nitrites oxidize the iron atoms in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00153-00056063-00056392 hemoglobin from ferrous iron to to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00154-00056394-00056711 ferric iron 3 rendering it unable to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00155-00056712-00057164 carry oxygen this process can lead to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00156-00057165-00057464 generalized lack of oxygen in organ
XAPuV8QXVB8-00157-00057465-00057746 tissue and a dangerous condition called
XAPuV8QXVB8-00158-00057747-00057961 methemoglobinemia
XAPuV8QXVB8-00159-00057962-00058328 although nitrite converts to ammonia if
XAPuV8QXVB8-00160-00058329-00058567 there is more nitrite than can be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00161-00058569-00058913 converted the animal slowly suffers from
XAPuV8QXVB8-00162-00058914-00059587 a lack of oxygen
XAPuV8QXVB8-00163-00059588-00060239 topic human health effects
XAPuV8QXVB8-00164-00060240-00060632 humans are subject to nitrate toxicity
XAPuV8QXVB8-00165-00060633-00060892 with infants being especially vulnerable
XAPuV8QXVB8-00166-00060894-00061315 to methemoglobinemia methemoglobinemia
XAPuV8QXVB8-00167-00061316-00061661 in infants is known as blue baby
XAPuV8QXVB8-00168-00061662-00062090 syndrome methemoglobin occurs in normal
XAPuV8QXVB8-00169-00062091-00062621 people in concentrations of 0.5 to 3.0
XAPuV8QXVB8-00170-00062622-00062984 percent when concentrations of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00171-00062985-00063338 methemoglobin exceed 10% clinical
XAPuV8QXVB8-00172-00063339-00063820 symptoms of methemoglobinemia occur any
XAPuV8QXVB8-00173-00063821-00064201 concentration above 50% can result in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00174-00064202-00064490 death through the safe drinking water
XAPuV8QXVB8-00175-00064491-00064792 act the United States Environmental
XAPuV8QXVB8-00176-00064794-00065170 Protection Agency has set a maximum
XAPuV8QXVB8-00177-00065171-00065495 contaminant level of 10 milligrams per
XAPuV8QXVB8-00178-00065496-00065912 liter or 10 ppm of nitrates in drinking
XAPuV8QXVB8-00179-00065913-00066332 water this particular standard was set
XAPuV8QXVB8-00180-00066333-00066697 to prevent methemoglobinemia in infants
XAPuV8QXVB8-00181-00066698-00067022 infants exposed to water containing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00182-00067023-00067282 nitrates are at highest risk of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00183-00067283-00067616 developing blue baby syndrome during the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00184-00067617-00068042 first 6 months of life in the United
XAPuV8QXVB8-00185-00068043-00068401 States it is estimated that 40,000
XAPuV8QXVB8-00186-00068402-00068705 infants younger than six months live in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00187-00068706-00068972 homes with water contaminated with
XAPuV8QXVB8-00188-00068973-00069376 nitrates this is due to low
XAPuV8QXVB8-00189-00069377-00069712 concentrations of nitrate metabolizing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00190-00069713-00070037 triglycerides during this developmental
XAPuV8QXVB8-00191-00070038-00070478 period private water systems such as
XAPuV8QXVB8-00192-00070479-00070835 well water in agricultural areas are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00193-00070836-00071156 more likely to have nitrate levels above
XAPuV8QXVB8-00194-00071157-00071618 the maximum contaminant level MCL well
XAPuV8QXVB8-00195-00071619-00071984 water is not treated and tested as often
XAPuV8QXVB8-00196-00071985-00072469 as municipal water rural well water near
XAPuV8QXVB8-00197-00072470-00072719 agricultural fields can become
XAPuV8QXVB8-00198-00072720-00073105 contaminated with nitrates due to manure
XAPuV8QXVB8-00199-00073106-00073463 fertilizers or septic tanks
XAPuV8QXVB8-00200-00073464-00073859 exposure commonly occurs when formula is
XAPuV8QXVB8-00201-00073860-00074119 mixed with well water containing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00202-00074120-00074468 nitrates or infants under six months of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00203-00074469-00074698 fed vegetables washed with the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00204-00074699-00075074 contaminated drinking water it is
XAPuV8QXVB8-00205-00075075-00075323 important to note that infants who are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00206-00075324-00075611 breastfed by mothers who ingest water
XAPuV8QXVB8-00207-00075612-00076055 with concentrations of nitrates 100 ppm
XAPuV8QXVB8-00208-00076056-00076487 are not at risk of methemoglobinemia it
XAPuV8QXVB8-00209-00076488-00076778 is recommended that foods like green
XAPuV8QXVB8-00210-00076779-00077210 beans carrots spinach squash and beets
XAPuV8QXVB8-00211-00077211-00077474 are not fed to infants under three
XAPuV8QXVB8-00212-00077475-00077757 months these foods have
XAPuV8QXVB8-00213-00077758-00078068 naturally-occurring nitrates which can
XAPuV8QXVB8-00214-00078069-00078485 be harmful to the infant high levels of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00215-00078486-00078763 nitrate in fertilizer may also
XAPuV8QXVB8-00216-00078764-00079121 contribute to elevated levels of nitrate
XAPuV8QXVB8-00217-00079122-00079409 in the harvested plant not only are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00218-00079410-00079726 infants under six months a concern for
XAPuV8QXVB8-00219-00079727-00080048 nitrate exposure but pregnant women with
XAPuV8QXVB8-00220-00080049-00080293 altered physiological states and
XAPuV8QXVB8-00221-00080294-00080597 compromised immune systems can be at
XAPuV8QXVB8-00222-00080598-00080718 risk
XAPuV8QXVB8-00223-00080719-00081001 pregnant women show a decrease in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00224-00081002-00081319 methemoglobin levels with increasing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00225-00081320-00081692 gestation exposure to nitrate in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00226-00081693-00082003 groundwater during pregnancy at
XAPuV8QXVB8-00227-00082004-00082309 concentrations above the MCL was
XAPuV8QXVB8-00228-00082310-00082582 associated with increased risk for
XAPuV8QXVB8-00229-00082583-00083042 anencephaly a study done in texas and i
XAPuV8QXVB8-00230-00083043-00083332 were found that mothers of babies with
XAPuV8QXVB8-00231-00083333-00083624 spina bifida were twice as likely to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00232-00083625-00083936 ingest five milligrams or more of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00233-00083937-00084260 nitrate daily from drinking water as
XAPuV8QXVB8-00234-00084261-00084556 mothers of babies without major birth
XAPuV8QXVB8-00235-00084557-00084991 defects mothers of babies with limb
XAPuV8QXVB8-00236-00084992-00085334 deficiencies cleft palate and cleft lip
XAPuV8QXVB8-00237-00085335-00085916 were respectively 1.8 1.9 and 1.8 times
XAPuV8QXVB8-00238-00085917-00086251 more likely to ingest five point four
XAPuV8QXVB8-00239-00086252-00086603 two milligrams or more of nitrate daily
XAPuV8QXVB8-00240-00086604-00086855 than mothers of babies without Mae
XAPuV8QXVB8-00241-00086856-00087149 birth defects while there is evidence
XAPuV8QXVB8-00242-00087150-00087467 that shows nitrates can affect infants
XAPuV8QXVB8-00243-00087468-00087770 and pregnant women recent evidence shows
XAPuV8QXVB8-00244-00087771-00088058 there are significant scientific doubts
XAPuV8QXVB8-00245-00088059-00088384 as to whether there is a causal link
XAPuV8QXVB8-00246-00088385-00088769 blue baby syndrome now is thought to be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00247-00088770-00089057 the product of a number of other factors
XAPuV8QXVB8-00248-00089058-00089407 such as gastric upset such as diarrhea
XAPuV8QXVB8-00249-00089408-00089735 infection protein intolerance heavy
XAPuV8QXVB8-00250-00089736-00090076 metal toxicity etc with my traits
XAPuV8QXVB8-00251-00090077-00090563 playing a minor role some adults may be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00252-00090564-00090812 more susceptible to the effects of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00253-00090813-00091271 nitrates than others in these adults the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00254-00091272-00091610 methemoglobin reductase enzyme may be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00255-00091611-00091934 under produced or absent in certain
XAPuV8QXVB8-00256-00091935-00092251 people who have an inherited mutation in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00257-00092252-00092684 the enzyme such individuals cannot break
XAPuV8QXVB8-00258-00092685-00092972 down the femur globin as rapidly as
XAPuV8QXVB8-00259-00092973-00093284 those who do have the enzyme leading to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00260-00093285-00093530 increased circulating levels of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00261-00093531-00093821 methemoglobin the implication being that
XAPuV8QXVB8-00262-00093822-00094151 the blood is not so oxygen-rich as that
XAPuV8QXVB8-00263-00094152-00094600 of the others diets rich in green leafy
XAPuV8QXVB8-00264-00094601-00094877 vegetables typically accompany an
XAPuV8QXVB8-00265-00094878-00095270 increased nitrate intake a wide variety
XAPuV8QXVB8-00266-00095271-00095642 of medical conditions such as food
XAPuV8QXVB8-00267-00095643-00096023 allergies asthma hepatitis and gall
XAPuV8QXVB8-00268-00096024-00096302 stones may be linked with low stomach
XAPuV8QXVB8-00269-00096303-00096641 acid these individuals also may be
XAPuV8QXVB8-00270-00096642-00096899 highly sensitive to the effects of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00271-00096900-00097235 nitrate methemoglobinemia may be treated
XAPuV8QXVB8-00272-00097236-00097574 with methylene blue which reduces ferric
XAPuV8QXVB8-00273-00097575-00097934 iron 3 back to ferrous iron 2 in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00274-00097935-00098231 affected blood cells another human
XAPuV8QXVB8-00275-00098232-00098476 health effects from the ingestion of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00276-00098477-00098836 nitrate is in the form of processed meat
XAPuV8QXVB8-00277-00098837-00099236 this form of ingestion may increase the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00278-00099237-00099601 risk pancreatic cancer processed meat
XAPuV8QXVB8-00279-00099602-00099929 can be cured with nitrate based salt to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00280-00099930-00100235 decrease bacterial growth and improve
XAPuV8QXVB8-00281-00100236-00100675 flavor when ingested nitrate can become
XAPuV8QXVB8-00282-00100676-00101084 n nitrous o compounds n OC a probable
XAPuV8QXVB8-00283-00101085-00101537 human carcinogen in a study performed by
XAPuV8QXVB8-00284-00101538-00101798 the US government there was a positive
XAPuV8QXVB8-00285-00101799-00102146 correlation between nitrate intake of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00286-00102147-00102493 more than 3 grams per day and pancreatic
XAPuV8QXVB8-00287-00102494-00102938 cancer in men however there are few data
XAPuV8QXVB8-00288-00102939-00103190 points which results in only a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00289-00103191-00103913 borderline significance
XAPuV8QXVB8-00290-00103914-00104570 topic aquatic toxicity
XAPuV8QXVB8-00291-00104571-00104963 in freshwater or estrine systems close
XAPuV8QXVB8-00292-00104964-00105323 to land nitrate can reach concentrations
XAPuV8QXVB8-00293-00105324-00105586 that can potentially cause the death of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00294-00105588-00105983 fish while nitrate is much less toxic
XAPuV8QXVB8-00295-00105983-00106355 than ammonia levels over 30 ppm of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00296-00106356-00106676 nitrate can inhibit growth impair the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00297-00106677-00106970 immune system and cause stress in some
XAPuV8QXVB8-00298-00106971-00107408 aquatic species however in light of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00299-00107408-00107744 inherent problems with past protocols on
XAPuV8QXVB8-00300-00107745-00108095 acute nitrate toxicity experiments the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00301-00108096-00108440 extent of nitrate toxicity has been the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00302-00108441-00108758 subject of recent debate in most cases
XAPuV8QXVB8-00303-00108758-00109097 of excess nitrate concentrations in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00304-00109098-00109415 aquatic systems the primary source is
XAPuV8QXVB8-00305-00109416-00109724 surface runoff from agricultural or
XAPuV8QXVB8-00306-00109725-00110000 landscaped areas that have received
XAPuV8QXVB8-00307-00110001-00110414 excess nitrate fertilizer this will
XAPuV8QXVB8-00308-00110415-00110714 contribute to eutrophication and can
XAPuV8QXVB8-00309-00110715-00111044 lead to algae blooms which may result in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00310-00111045-00111341 anoxia and the formation of dead zones
XAPuV8QXVB8-00311-00111342-00111721 these blooms may cause other changes to
XAPuV8QXVB8-00312-00111722-00112055 ecosystem function favoring some groups
XAPuV8QXVB8-00313-00112056-00112420 of organisms over others as a
XAPuV8QXVB8-00314-00112421-00112820 consequence as nitrate forms a component
XAPuV8QXVB8-00315-00112821-00113093 of total dissolved solids they are
XAPuV8QXVB8-00316-00113094-00113386 widely used as an indicator of water
XAPuV8QXVB8-00317-00113388-00114034 quality
XAPuV8QXVB8-00318-00114035-00114736 topic domestic animal feed
XAPuV8QXVB8-00319-00114738-00115041 symptoms of nitrate poisoning in
XAPuV8QXVB8-00320-00115042-00115368 domestic animals include increased heart
XAPuV8QXVB8-00321-00115369-00115683 rate and respiration in advanced cases
XAPuV8QXVB8-00322-00115683-00116001 blood and tissue may turn a blue or
XAPuV8QXVB8-00323-00116002-00116373 brown color feed can be tested for
XAPuV8QXVB8-00324-00116374-00116669 nitrate treatment consists of
XAPuV8QXVB8-00325-00116670-00117006 supplementing or substituting existing
XAPuV8QXVB8-00326-00117007-00117356 supplies with lower nitrate material
XAPuV8QXVB8-00327-00117357-00117761 safe levels of nitrate for various types
XAPuV8QXVB8-00328-00117763-00118221 of livestock are as follows the values
XAPuV8QXVB8-00329-00118222-00118500 are bar VAR on a dry moisture-free
XAPuV8QXVB8-00330-00118501-00119143 basis
XAPuV8QXVB8-00331-00119144-00119800 topic nitrate overview
XAPuV8QXVB8-00332-00119801-00120133 nitrate formation with elements of the
XAPuV8QXVB8-00333-00120134-00120781 periodic table
XAPuV8QXVB8-00334-00120782-00121389 topic see also
XAPuV8QXVB8-00335-00121390-00122233 ammonium f-ratio nitrification Nitra
XAPuV8QXVB8-00336-00122234-00123010 teen peroxy nitrate sodium nitrate
XAaXau5FyM8-00000-00000014-00000299 the European launcher development
XAaXau5FyM8-00001-00000300-00000617 organization Eldo is a former European
XAaXau5FyM8-00002-00000618-00000965 Space Research Organisation it was first
XAaXau5FyM8-00003-00000966-00001174 developed in order to establish a
XAaXau5FyM8-00004-00001175-00001477 satellite launch vehicle for Europe the
XAaXau5FyM8-00005-00001478-00001742 three-stage rocket developed was named
XAaXau5FyM8-00006-00001743-00002050 Europa after the mythical Greek god
XAaXau5FyM8-00007-00002051-00002302 overall there were 10 launches that
XAaXau5FyM8-00008-00002303-00002652 occurred under a LDOS funding the
XAaXau5FyM8-00009-00002653-00002893 organization consisted of Belgium
XAaXau5FyM8-00010-00002894-00003265 Britain France Germany Italy and the
XAaXau5FyM8-00011-00003266-00003617 Netherlands Australia was an associate
XAaXau5FyM8-00012-00003618-00003929 member of the organisation initially the
XAaXau5FyM8-00013-00003929-00004222 launch site was in woomera Australia but
XAaXau5FyM8-00014-00004223-00004451 was later moved to the French site Carew
XAaXau5FyM8-00015-00004452-00004811 in French Guiana the program was created
XAaXau5FyM8-00016-00004812-00005036 to replace the Blue Streak missile
XAaXau5FyM8-00017-00005037-00005368 programme after its cancellation in 1960
XAaXau5FyM8-00018-00005369-00005840 in 1974 after an unsuccessful satellite
XAaXau5FyM8-00019-00005841-00006056 launch the program was merged with the
XAaXau5FyM8-00020-00006057-00006338 European Space Research Organisation to
XAaXau5FyM8-00021-00006339-00006716 form the European Space Agency
XAaXau5FyM8-00022-00006717-00007084 you
XAaXau5FyM8-00023-00007084-00007654 topic origins
XAaXau5FyM8-00024-00007655-00007909 after the failure to launch of Britain's
XAaXau5FyM8-00025-00007909-00008122 Blue Streak missile Britain wished to
XAaXau5FyM8-00026-00008123-00008359 use its finished space launch parts in
XAaXau5FyM8-00027-00008360-00008818 order to cut losses in 1961 Britain and
XAaXau5FyM8-00028-00008819-00008986 France announced that they would be
XAaXau5FyM8-00029-00008987-00009175 working together on a launcher that
XAaXau5FyM8-00030-00009176-00009394 would be capable of sending a one-ton
XAaXau5FyM8-00031-00009395-00009745 satellite into space this cooperation
XAaXau5FyM8-00032-00009746-00009997 was later drafted into the convention of
XAaXau5FyM8-00033-00009998-00010180 the European launcher development
XAaXau5FyM8-00034-00010181-00010501 organisation which Italy Belgium West
XAaXau5FyM8-00035-00010502-00010705 Germany the Netherlands and Australia
XAaXau5FyM8-00036-00010706-00011125 would join Australia although not a part
XAaXau5FyM8-00037-00011126-00011329 of Britain as a member of the British
XAaXau5FyM8-00038-00011330-00011605 Commonwealth and wartime Ally provided a
XAaXau5FyM8-00039-00011606-00011836 sparsely populated missile launcher
XAaXau5FyM8-00040-00011837-00012067 testing and development site at woomera
XAaXau5FyM8-00041-00012068-00012445 South Australia the original intent of
XAaXau5FyM8-00042-00012446-00012697 this organisation was to develop a space
XAaXau5FyM8-00043-00012698-00012997 program exclusively for Europe excluding
XAaXau5FyM8-00044-00012997-00013378 the UN or any outside country
XAaXau5FyM8-00045-00013379-00013744 you
XAaXau5FyM8-00046-00013744-00014299 topic history
XAaXau5FyM8-00047-00014300-00014547 the initial plans for the rocket were
XAaXau5FyM8-00048-00014549-00015010 proposed in 1962 the rocket created was
XAaXau5FyM8-00049-00015011-00015229 called the L dough a later renamed
XAaXau5FyM8-00050-00015230-00015703 Europa one it measured 30 1.7 meters in
XAaXau5FyM8-00051-00015704-00016044 length and weighed more than 110 tons
XAaXau5FyM8-00052-00016044-00016321 Europa one was planned to put a payload
XAaXau5FyM8-00053-00016322-00016792 of 1,000 to 1,200 kilograms into a 500
XAaXau5FyM8-00054-00016793-00017046 kilometers circular orbit above Earth
XAaXau5FyM8-00055-00017047-00017332 the three stages consisted of the
XAaXau5FyM8-00056-00017333-00017578 Bluestreak stage the French Coralie
XAaXau5FyM8-00057-00017579-00017905 stage and the German stage the first
XAaXau5FyM8-00058-00017906-00018205 stage the Bluestreak stage was to fire
XAaXau5FyM8-00059-00018206-00018664 for 160 seconds after lunch the second
XAaXau5FyM8-00060-00018665-00018979 stage the French Coralie stage fired for
XAaXau5FyM8-00061-00018980-00019369 the following 103 seconds the third and
XAaXau5FyM8-00062-00019370-00019678 final stage the German stage fired for
XAaXau5FyM8-00063-00019679-00020002 an extra 361 seconds to launch the
XAaXau5FyM8-00064-00020003-00020326 rocket into Earth's lower orbit in the
XAaXau5FyM8-00065-00020327-00020557 first stage was a development of blue
XAaXau5FyM8-00066-00020558-00020755 streak and was built in Stevenage
XAaXau5FyM8-00067-00020756-00021271 hartfordshire UK in June 1964 the first
XAaXau5FyM8-00068-00021272-00021610 stage f1 had its first launch at woomera
XAaXau5FyM8-00069-00021611-00022069 South Australia by the middle of 1966
XAaXau5FyM8-00070-00022070-00022375 aldo decided to change Europa one from a
XAaXau5FyM8-00071-00022376-00022612 three-stage launcher into a four stage
XAaXau5FyM8-00072-00022613-00022849 launcher that was capable of placing a
XAaXau5FyM8-00073-00022850-00023062 satellite into geostationary transfer
XAaXau5FyM8-00074-00023063-00023563 orbit following this decision in 1969
XAaXau5FyM8-00075-00023564-00023857 many unsuccessful launches of Europa one
XAaXau5FyM8-00076-00023858-00024058 in the resignation of Britain and Italy
XAaXau5FyM8-00077-00024059-00024456 prompted a reconsideration of ideas in
XAaXau5FyM8-00078-00024457-00024753 1970 aldo was forced to cancel the
XAaXau5FyM8-00079-00024754-00025192 Europa one programme by late 1970 the
XAaXau5FyM8-00080-00025193-00025606 plans for Europa 2 were created Europa 2
XAaXau5FyM8-00081-00025607-00025839 was a similarly designed rocket with an
XAaXau5FyM8-00082-00025841-00026175 extra stage added in the funding for
XAaXau5FyM8-00083-00026176-00026512 Europa 2 was supplied 90% by France and
XAaXau5FyM8-00084-00026513-00027013 Germany on November 5th 1971 Europa 2
XAaXau5FyM8-00085-00027014-00027231 was launched for the first time but
XAaXau5FyM8-00086-00027232-00027420 unsuccessfully
XAaXau5FyM8-00087-00027422-00027633 the failure of the rocket led to the
XAaXau5FyM8-00088-00027635-00027886 consideration of a Europa 3 rocket
XAaXau5FyM8-00089-00027887-00028261 design however Europa 3 was never
XAaXau5FyM8-00090-00028262-00028507 created and the lack of funding prompted
XAaXau5FyM8-00091-00028508-00028695 the merging of the European launcher
XAaXau5FyM8-00092-00028697-00028951 development organization in the European
XAaXau5FyM8-00093-00028952-00029197 Space Research Organization to form the
XAaXau5FyM8-00094-00029198-00029533 European Space Agency
XAaXau5FyM8-00095-00029533-00029901 you
XAaXau5FyM8-00096-00029902-00030457 topic launches
XAaXau5FyM8-00097-00030458-00030712 overall the European launcher
XAaXau5FyM8-00098-00030713-00030961 development organization planned 11
XAaXau5FyM8-00099-00030962-00031219 launches only 10 of which actually
XAaXau5FyM8-00100-00031220-00031533 occurred of the nine actual launches
XAaXau5FyM8-00101-00031535-00031873 four were successful for other launches
XAaXau5FyM8-00102-00031874-00032077 were unsuccessful and there was one
XAaXau5FyM8-00103-00032077-00032374 lunch that was terminated the first
XAaXau5FyM8-00104-00032375-00032712 lunch f1 occurred on the 5th of June
XAaXau5FyM8-00105-00032713-00033016 1964 which tested only the first stage
XAaXau5FyM8-00106-00033017-00033388 of the launch and was successful both f2
XAaXau5FyM8-00107-00033389-00033661 and f3 which occurred on the 20th of
XAaXau5FyM8-00108-00033662-00034162 October 1964 and the 22nd of March 1965
XAaXau5FyM8-00109-00034163-00034384 on their respective dates tested only
XAaXau5FyM8-00110-00034385-00034621 the first stage once again and were both
XAaXau5FyM8-00111-00034622-00035044 successful the fourth launch f4 occurred
XAaXau5FyM8-00112-00035045-00035509 on the 24th of May 1966 this launch
XAaXau5FyM8-00113-00035510-00035734 tested only the first stage of the
XAaXau5FyM8-00114-00035735-00036100 rocket with a dummy stage 2 & 3 this
XAaXau5FyM8-00115-00036101-00036463 flight was terminated 136 seconds into
XAaXau5FyM8-00116-00036464-00036658 flight the fifth lunch
XAaXau5FyM8-00117-00036659-00037026 f5 took place on the 13th of November
XAaXau5FyM8-00118-00037027-00037429 1966 this launch aimed to complete the
XAaXau5FyM8-00119-00037430-00037807 same task as f4 and was successful the
XAaXau5FyM8-00120-00037808-00038176 sixth lunch F minus 6 over 1 took place
XAaXau5FyM8-00121-00038177-00038623 on the 4th of August 1967 this launch
XAaXau5FyM8-00122-00038624-00038863 had an active first and second stage
XAaXau5FyM8-00123-00038864-00039097 with a dummy third stage and satellite
XAaXau5FyM8-00124-00039098-00039472 on this launch the second stage did not
XAaXau5FyM8-00125-00039473-00039817 ignite and was unsuccessful the seventh
XAaXau5FyM8-00126-00039818-00040144 launch F minus 6 halves took place on
XAaXau5FyM8-00127-00040145-00040585 the 5th of December 1967 it aimed to do
XAaXau5FyM8-00128-00040586-00040888 the same objective as F minus 6 over 1
XAaXau5FyM8-00129-00040889-00041152 but the first and second stages did not
XAaXau5FyM8-00130-00041153-00041425 separate the 8th launch
XAaXau5FyM8-00131-00041426-00041775 f7 took place on the 30th of November
XAaXau5FyM8-00132-00041776-00042199 1968 on this launch all three stages
XAaXau5FyM8-00133-00042200-00042477 were active and a satellite was fitted
XAaXau5FyM8-00134-00042478-00042796 after the second stage ignited the third
XAaXau5FyM8-00135-00042797-00043135 stage exploded the ninth launch f8
XAaXau5FyM8-00136-00043136-00043492 occurred on the 3rd of July 1969 and
XAaXau5FyM8-00137-00043493-00043773 aimed to do the same thing as f7 but n
XAaXau5FyM8-00138-00043774-00044115 the same way the 10th lunch s9 occurred
XAaXau5FyM8-00139-00044116-00044412 on the 12th of June 1970 and had all
XAaXau5FyM8-00140-00044413-00044733 stages active with a satellite fitted in
XAaXau5FyM8-00141-00044734-00045030 this lunch all stages were successful
XAaXau5FyM8-00142-00045031-00045305 yet the satellite failed to orbit after
XAaXau5FyM8-00143-00045306-00045477 this lunch
XAaXau5FyM8-00144-00045478-00045726 Eldo began losing funds and members and
XAaXau5FyM8-00145-00045727-00045980 was eventually phased into the ESR Oh to
XAaXau5FyM8-00146-00045981-00046340 create the ESA after f10 was cancelled
XAaXau5FyM8-00147-00046341-00046590 it was decided that Wilmer a launch site
XAaXau5FyM8-00148-00046591-00046821 was not suitable for putting satellites
XAaXau5FyM8-00149-00046822-00047298 into geosynchronous orbit in 1966 it was
XAaXau5FyM8-00150-00047299-00047535 decided to move to the French site of
XAaXau5FyM8-00151-00047536-00047901 kuru in South America France plan to
XAaXau5FyM8-00152-00047902-00048207 launch F 11 on which Europa 2 launched
XAaXau5FyM8-00153-00048208-00048567 off into the sky however thanks to the
XAaXau5FyM8-00154-00048568-00048752 static discharge from the fairings
XAaXau5FyM8-00155-00048753-00048945 traveling down to the third stage
XAaXau5FyM8-00156-00048946-00049136 sequencer and inertial navigation
XAaXau5FyM8-00157-00049137-00049389 computer they caused it to hang and
XAaXau5FyM8-00158-00049390-00049605 malfunction signaling the Range Safety
XAaXau5FyM8-00159-00049606-00050027 Officer to destroy it the launch of f12
XAaXau5FyM8-00160-00050028-00050268 was postponed whilst a project review
XAaXau5FyM8-00161-00050269-00050460 was carried out which led to the
XAaXau5FyM8-00162-00050461-00050891 decision to abandon the Europa design
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00000-00000146-00000291 [Applause]
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00001-00000292-00000736 the show is appropriate for all ages 3
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00002-00000737-00001241 to welcome to tool time the first ever
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00003-00001242-00001673 show Internet show that we're doing a
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00004-00001673-00001895 full series we're so excited
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00005-00001896-00002297 did that sound right tool time Tim Allen
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00006-00002298-00002495 Tim can we use your show name it's so
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00007-00002496-00002945 good Tim I went to Michigan because of
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00008-00002946-00003278 your commercials 25,000 mornings give or
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00009-00003279-00003745 take is all we humans get just over time
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00010-00003746-00003895 we'll just work on this piece of art and
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00011-00003896-00004036 I have a couple others back there and
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00012-00004037-00004270 just do all this stuff slowly so that's
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00013-00004271-00004958 the idea of this series what are you
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00014-00004959-00005318 gonna oh you know I said script Tim
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00015-00005319-00005867 Ellen's a good guy oh he would be double
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00016-00005868-00006418 med tool Tim yeah it's tool time this
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00017-00006419-00006823 show is about two of him are two of him
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00018-00006825-00007028 we're gonna be standing to love him
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00019-00007029-00007237 we're gonna be hammering to love him
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00020-00007238-00007453 gluing to love him
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00021-00007454-00007978 yeah it's tool Tim tool Tim so on tool
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00022-00007979-00008167 Tim we have a lot of great things to do
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00023-00008168-00008389 I'm an artist and I like to make things
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00024-00008390-00008969 so lots of times my art uses tools see
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00025-00008970-00009460 they're everywhere with you those today
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00026-00009461-00009778 I got a six pack of they call them
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00027-00009779-00010167 voluntas but I just see them as big cups
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00028-00010168-00010714 what's the tooltip logo
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00029-00010715-00011031 okay we'll work on it over time maybe by
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00030-00011032-00011730 episode 10 I can't make these cows big
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00031-00011731-00011823 enough for me
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00032-00011824-00012134 so let's do this one what are you okay
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00033-00012135-00012216 okay one second
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00034-00012217-00012935 I told you we're doing all right you're
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00035-00012936-00013241 not forcing sir did you film no no
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00036-00013243-00013422 because you asked me to come in today
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00037-00013422-00013586 yeah but I'm not you know I'm not
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00038-00013587-00013887 feeling uh what are you doing stuff you
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00039-00013888-00014219 shouldn't find I'm so know what
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00040-00014220-00014313 seriously is there something you wanted
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00041-00014313-00014502 me to do today like right I thought you
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00042-00014503-00014628 could kind of help but we kind of did
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00043-00014629-00014906 everything we needed to do so if you're
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00044-00014907-00015341 sick you can just go okay because I I
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00045-00015343-00015660 live an hour away an hour that's why I
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00046-00015661-00015856 took you okay I should just asked you
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00047-00015857-00016074 why didn't you sleep here last night I
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00048-00016075-00016638 have two children dude I just thought we
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00049-00016639-00016865 talked about this
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00050-00016866-00017233 [Music]
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00051-00017234-00017900 to him I this is a tool time Tim - Tim
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00052-00017901-00018133 yeah think it's like isn't his name Tim
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00053-00018134-00018371 exactly but he doesn't own the name tool
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00054-00018372-00018514 Tim it's all the people that watch
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00055-00018515-00018703 YouTube they won't know what tool time
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00056-00018704-00018944 is do they know what this is tool Tim
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00057-00018945-00019521 what is this yeah two of them yeah
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00058-00019522-00019594 [Music]
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00059-00019595-00019680 [Applause]
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00060-00019681-00019738 [Music]
XD8F5h-0Rkk-00061-00019739-00020054 [Applause]
XEV0URQdupy-00000-00000112-00000403 the chaton language also called Chow
XEV0URQdupy-00001-00000404-00000671 dung chinese cha dong Yu is a can sway
XEV0URQdupy-00002-00000672-00000869 language spoken mainly in Chatham
XEV0URQdupy-00003-00000869-00001079 township linguae County wail in
XEV0URQdupy-00004-00001080-00001391 northeastern Guang XI China it is most
XEV0URQdupy-00005-00001392-00001612 closely related to the mountain language
XEV0URQdupy-00006-00001613-00001768 Chad Ong has only been recently
XEV0URQdupy-00007-00001769-00002014 described by Chinese linguist Jin Fong
XEV0URQdupy-00008-00002016-00002417 Lee in the 1990s and 2000
XEV0URQdupy-00009-00002418-00002997 history according to inscriptions from
XEV0URQdupy-00010-00002998-00003198 the Ming Dynasty chatting speakers
XEV0URQdupy-00011-00003199-00003426 originally came from Qingyuan Phu nandan
XEV0URQdupy-00012-00003427-00003657 Guang XI which is located further to the
XEV0URQdupy-00013-00003658-00003915 west they were originally sent to the
XEV0URQdupy-00014-00003915-00004140 guilin area during the Yuan Dynasty in
XEV0URQdupy-00015-00004141-00004341 order to suppress locals Wang and Yao
XEV0URQdupy-00016-00004342-00004581 rebellions
XEV0URQdupy-00017-00004582-00005182 genetics chunying Deng and Chuang Chou
XEV0URQdupy-00018-00005183-00005416 Wong at all have reported that most of
XEV0URQdupy-00019-00005417-00005620 the patrilineal and matrilineal gene
XEV0URQdupy-00020-00005621-00005821 pools of chatting are characteristic
XEV0URQdupy-00021-00005822-00005983 lineages of southern China
XEV0URQdupy-00022-00005984-00006262 some ancient Southeast Asian lineages
XEV0URQdupy-00023-00006263-00006598 y-chromosome haplogroup C and D mtDNA
XEV0URQdupy-00024-00006598-00007018 haplogroups M asterisk m 33 M 74 and our
XEV0URQdupy-00025-00007019-00007269 asterisk were also identified in Chad on
XEV0URQdupy-00026-00007270-00007513 Chad Ong shows patterns of the Y
XEV0URQdupy-00027-00007514-00007813 chromosome and mtDNA diversity similar
XEV0URQdupy-00028-00007814-00007990 to other southern populations especially
XEV0URQdupy-00029-00007991-00008293 camp sway populations which was actually
XEV0URQdupy-00030-00008294-00008434 in accordance with linguistic
XEV0URQdupy-00031-00008435-00008716 classification however the origin of
XEV0URQdupy-00032-00008717-00008964 Chad hung seems to be much more complex
XEV0URQdupy-00033-00008965-00009216 recent gene flow from sino-tibetan
XEV0URQdupy-00034-00009217-00009415 populations is detected in the
XEV0URQdupy-00035-00009416-00009640 patrilineal side of Chad on such as
XEV0URQdupy-00036-00009641-00010051 y-chromosome haplogroup so 3 a1c oo - 6
XEV0URQdupy-00037-00010052-00010501 1 103 A to C one asterisk M 1 3 4 and O
XEV0URQdupy-00038-00010502-00010873 3 A to C 1 M 1 1 7 probably through the
XEV0URQdupy-00039-00010874-00011094 expansion and dispersal of Han Chinese
XEV0URQdupy-00040-00011095-00011467 from the matrilineal aspect most mtDNA
XEV0URQdupy-00041-00011468-00011710 haplogroups of chatting also clustered
XEV0URQdupy-00042-00011711-00011917 together with Hmong mean an obvious gene
XEV0URQdupy-00043-00011918-00012148 flow from tibeto-burman populations to
XEV0URQdupy-00044-00012149-00012343 chaton was also observed in half --lo
XEV0URQdupy-00045-00012344-00012682 group F 1 a taken together the origin of
XEV0URQdupy-00046-00012683-00012853 chatting are mainly results of an
XEV0URQdupy-00047-00012854-00013003 admixture between surrounding
XEV0URQdupy-00048-00013004-00013219 populations with the indigenous cam sway
XEV0URQdupy-00049-00013219-00013480 populations within the can sway
XEV0URQdupy-00050-00013481-00013569 populations
XEV0URQdupy-00051-00013570-00013771 Chad Hong is more closely related to
XEV0URQdupy-00052-00013772-00013969 Mulan than to mountain especially from
XEV0URQdupy-00053-00013969-00014233 the matrilineal side
XEV0URQdupy-00054-00014234-00014830 distribution in Lang G on the chaton
XEV0URQdupy-00055-00014831-00015041 language is less conservative due to
XEV0URQdupy-00056-00015041-00015275 influences from Shuang pinghua Lang to
XEV0URQdupy-00057-00015276-00015475 Yong ping Wu Liang Zhang Qing hua
XEV0URQdupy-00058-00015476-00015703 dialect and southwestern Mandarin Diller
XEV0URQdupy-00059-00015704-00015781 at all
XEV0URQdupy-00060-00015782-00016183 2008 cha dong is spoken by 18,000 people
XEV0URQdupy-00061-00016184-00016462 in 98 villages while there are 104
XEV0URQdupy-00062-00016463-00016831 ethnic chaton villages with 20,000 547
XEV0URQdupy-00063-00016832-00017269 people as of 2000 lis at all 2012
XEV0URQdupy-00064-00017270-00017697 chaton cha dong xiang lingua County
XEV0URQdupy-00065-00017698-00017994 Liang Liang Liang Zhang gen lingua
XEV0URQdupy-00066-00017995-00018418 County launching Long John Chang Jung
XEV0URQdupy-00067-00018419-00018680 foo County
XEV0URQdupy-00068-00018681-00019062 references
XEV0URQdupy-00069-00019063-00019374 li rule on li rule on who shall yang who
XEV0URQdupy-00070-00019375-00019620 shall yang Lin Thien song Lin Tian song
XEV0URQdupy-00071-00019621-00019998 Shinkai chin Chi 2012 the study of cha
XEV0URQdupy-00072-00019999-00020277 dong cha dong Yu Yan Beijing ethnic
XEV0URQdupy-00073-00020278-00020718 publishing house ISBN nine trillion 787
XEV0URQdupy-00074-00020719-00020985 billion 105 million one hundred twenty
XEV0URQdupy-00075-00020986-00021522 three thousand two hundred sixteen
XEV0URQdupy-00076-00021523-00022120 external links chat on word list from
XEV0URQdupy-00077-00022121-00022282 the Austronesian basic vocabulary
XEV0URQdupy-00078-00022283-00022573 database
XG1kTX1yiPk-00000-00000263-00001087 [Music]
XG1kTX1yiPk-00001-00001088-00001262 you gotta focus on yourself on your
XG1kTX1yiPk-00002-00001263-00001431 faith on your dreams on your mind on
XG1kTX1yiPk-00003-00001432-00001689 your health yeah
XG1kTX1yiPk-00004-00001691-00002318 [Music]
XG1kTX1yiPk-00005-00002319-00002591 create what you want feel compelled yeah
XG1kTX1yiPk-00006-00002592-00002767 and once you finally get a taste of the
XG1kTX1yiPk-00007-00002768-00002958 race you'll never look back once you
XG1kTX1yiPk-00008-00002959-00003263 felt that don't let somebody take your
XG1kTX1yiPk-00009-00003264-00003495 time and your worth to focus on yourself
XG1kTX1yiPk-00010-00003496-00003903 first
XG1kTX1yiPk-00011-00003904-00005155 focus on yourself
XG1kTX1yiPk-00012-00005156-00006359 [Music]
XG1kTX1yiPk-00013-00006360-00006668 so
XG1kTX1yiPk-00014-00006669-00007287 [Music]
XG1kTX1yiPk-00015-00007288-00007573 breathe
XG1kTX1yiPk-00016-00007573-00009614 [Music]
XG1kTX1yiPk-00017-00009615-00009783 wasting time on your dreams instead of
XG1kTX1yiPk-00018-00009784-00009959 mine yeah bout to turn this franchise
XG1kTX1yiPk-00019-00009960-00010223 around on a dime man it's all about
XG1kTX1yiPk-00020-00010224-00010414 finding your right state of mind it's
XG1kTX1yiPk-00021-00010415-00010646 all about turning the worst in the fine
XG1kTX1yiPk-00022-00010647-00010855 it's all about time and the work and the
XG1kTX1yiPk-00023-00010856-00011031 climb from the first we will rise i'm
XG1kTX1yiPk-00024-00011032-00011214 immersed in this life
XG1kTX1yiPk-00025-00011215-00011399 don't let somebody take your time and
XG1kTX1yiPk-00026-00011400-00011710 your worth just focus on yourself first
XG1kTX1yiPk-00027-00011711-00011910 don't let somebody take your time and
XG1kTX1yiPk-00028-00011911-00012223 your worth just focus on yourself first
XG1kTX1yiPk-00029-00012224-00012727 don't let somebody take your
XG1kTX1yiPk-00030-00012728-00012943 don't let time take your time in your
XG1kTX1yiPk-00031-00012944-00013238 word just focus on yourself first
XG1kTX1yiPk-00033-00016831-00017047 thank you
XG1kTX1yiPk-00034-00017048-00017348 foreign
XHmxcK5ml6c-00000-00000090-00000501 [Music]
XHmxcK5ml6c-00001-00000503-00000965 hey friends hello how are you myself
XHmxcK5ml6c-00002-00000966-00001304 dr. Leonor Qureshi and I welcome in you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00003-00001305-00001481 in my youth
XHmxcK5ml6c-00004-00001482-00001966 friends today we are discussing a very
XHmxcK5ml6c-00005-00001967-00002426 important issue a very important topic
XHmxcK5ml6c-00006-00002427-00002954 that is a health related condition in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00007-00002955-00003203 which I am today's talking is kidney
XHmxcK5ml6c-00008-00003204-00003640 stone friend's kidney stone is a major
XHmxcK5ml6c-00009-00003642-00004406 problem in a nowadays our society our so
XHmxcK5ml6c-00010-00004407-00004750 our members in the society nearly 60% of
XHmxcK5ml6c-00011-00004751-00005125 the pupils will have you will see they
XHmxcK5ml6c-00012-00005126-00005272 are suffering from or they are
XHmxcK5ml6c-00013-00005273-00005543 complaining of the abdominal pain of the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00014-00005544-00005831 pain in the urinary system of the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00015-00005832-00006149 urinary incontinence or the urinary
XHmxcK5ml6c-00016-00006150-00006491 problem it is due to 100 percent due to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00017-00006492-00006941 it may stall friends I guarantee you I
XHmxcK5ml6c-00018-00006942-00007585 assure you that in India I think it
XHmxcK5ml6c-00019-00007586-00007966 needs tour is on the larger graph what
XHmxcK5ml6c-00020-00007967-00008144 about kidney stone we are talking about
XHmxcK5ml6c-00021-00008145-00008423 I will discuss in detail friends because
XHmxcK5ml6c-00022-00008424-00008759 this is a live chat and if someone ask
XHmxcK5ml6c-00023-00008760-00008987 me any question I will give the answer
XHmxcK5ml6c-00024-00008988-00009142 of that question also
XHmxcK5ml6c-00025-00009143-00009373 I am dr. Leonor Qureshi from LA to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00026-00009374-00009656 Maharashtra let's starts today's topic
XHmxcK5ml6c-00027-00009657-00009985 our today's topic kidney stone friend a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00028-00009986-00010309 kidney is an organ which is related to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00029-00010310-00010570 the filtration of flutes of our body
XHmxcK5ml6c-00030-00010571-00010930 kidneys are too and they are situated in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00031-00010931-00011105 the abdomen on the posterior wall of the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00032-00011106-00011560 abdomen and you will know how kidneys
XHmxcK5ml6c-00033-00011561-00011834 are working kidneys are related to the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00034-00011835-00011953 filtrations of the water
XHmxcK5ml6c-00035-00011954-00012295 flute and that fluid comes out of the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00036-00012296-00012520 body in the form of urine true you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00037-00012521-00012685 donate blood or you rater you in a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00038-00012686-00013094 bladder and you refer friends I will
XHmxcK5ml6c-00039-00013094-00013346 learn discuss you in detail because as
XHmxcK5ml6c-00040-00013347-00013522 it is a live discussion
XHmxcK5ml6c-00041-00013524-00013793 so I'm going for a live chat also if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00042-00013794-00014105 someone asks me questions I will exactly
XHmxcK5ml6c-00043-00014106-00014263 surely I will answer it without
XHmxcK5ml6c-00044-00014265-00014584 revealing the entity of that person
XHmxcK5ml6c-00045-00014585-00014843 French kidneys are - as I've explained
XHmxcK5ml6c-00046-00014844-00015233 it and they are behind the liver on the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00047-00015234-00015554 right side and in the left side also if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00048-00015555-00015746 someone thinks kidney is only one that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00049-00015747-00016061 is wrong kidneys are - in our body again
XHmxcK5ml6c-00050-00016062-00016391 I will tell you kidney is a wedge shape
XHmxcK5ml6c-00051-00016392-00016721 organ and it is situated on a positive
XHmxcK5ml6c-00052-00016722-00017096 side it continues through greater on the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00053-00017097-00017375 both the sides and the both the ureter
XHmxcK5ml6c-00054-00017376-00017600 concludes in the one single urinary
XHmxcK5ml6c-00055-00017601-00017834 bladder and which opens into the single
XHmxcK5ml6c-00056-00017835-00018089 urethra which passes the urine in male
XHmxcK5ml6c-00057-00018090-00018653 and female as both same friends nowadays
XHmxcK5ml6c-00058-00018654-00018950 why kidney stones are the major problem
XHmxcK5ml6c-00059-00018951-00019127 kidney stones are a major problem
XHmxcK5ml6c-00060-00019128-00019520 because we are having improper that and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00061-00019521-00019799 improper water we are having a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00062-00019800-00019988 vegetables' which can cause the kidney
XHmxcK5ml6c-00063-00019989-00020255 stone and we are having a water that is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00064-00020256-00020447 calling the kidney stone that is a water
XHmxcK5ml6c-00065-00020448-00020747 of boring which contains calcium oxalate
XHmxcK5ml6c-00066-00020748-00021095 calcium oxalate but as I will sure I
XHmxcK5ml6c-00067-00021096-00021406 will discuss you two topics that is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00068-00021407-00021779 there are three types of stones one is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00069-00021780-00022046 radiopaque and one is not radiopaque the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00070-00022047-00022235 stones which are produced due to the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00071-00022236-00022433 vegetables that are not radiopaque and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00072-00022434-00022673 which will not be seen on the x-ray also
XHmxcK5ml6c-00073-00022674-00022907 there are the stone which are radio
XHmxcK5ml6c-00074-00022908-00023213 Payton on radio peak and Samara the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00075-00023214-00023359 stone seats were made up of the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00076-00023360-00023798 cholesterol fat also so I will discuss
XHmxcK5ml6c-00077-00023799-00024203 you in a topic that it needs to know if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00078-00024204-00024554 the stone is in the kidney it will not
XHmxcK5ml6c-00079-00024555-00024692 harm you or it will not obstruct
XHmxcK5ml6c-00080-00024693-00025058 anything fluid or urine so that's not a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00081-00025059-00025160 problem
XHmxcK5ml6c-00082-00025161-00025403 if the stone is on the pelvis it may
XHmxcK5ml6c-00083-00025404-00025733 cause problem and the major problem in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00084-00025733-00025916 the kidney stones patient is that is a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00085-00025917-00026164 renal colic or colic pain is when the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00086-00026166-00026761 stone is at the level of illuminator
XHmxcK5ml6c-00087-00026762-00027287 that may cause hydronephrosis that is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00088-00027288-00027808 euro vesicle junction and friends if the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00089-00027810-00028189 size of the stone is large then it may
XHmxcK5ml6c-00090-00028191-00028699 cause huge pain and whenever your stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00091-00028700-00029014 moves the positions that call that may
XHmxcK5ml6c-00092-00029016-00029308 also cause the pain now the kidney stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00093-00029310-00029539 may be on the right side or maybe on the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00094-00029541-00029939 left side or bilateral so friends you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00095-00029939-00030200 need to know that today's topic is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00096-00030201-00030494 kidney stones ayurvedic treatment and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00097-00030495-00030869 allopathic as well in allopathic the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00098-00030870-00031064 conservative treatment is not much more
XHmxcK5ml6c-00099-00031064-00031400 they use auto doctors and wise is the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00100-00031401-00031708 hydrotherapy where they use injection
XHmxcK5ml6c-00101-00031710-00032065 elastics to flush out the stone from the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00102-00032066-00032420 urinary system and if the stone is big
XHmxcK5ml6c-00103-00032420-00032717 they go directly to the surgery nowadays
XHmxcK5ml6c-00104-00032718-00032900 advanced surgeries are also available
XHmxcK5ml6c-00105-00032901-00033322 which you may not know you may know that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00106-00033323-00033520 laparoscopic surgeries are nowadays
XHmxcK5ml6c-00107-00033521-00033856 available and there is no need to open
XHmxcK5ml6c-00108-00033857-00034093 surgery to the surgery
XHmxcK5ml6c-00109-00034094-00034370 the second thing most important thing is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00110-00034371-00034571 they in the conservative treatment only
XHmxcK5ml6c-00111-00034572-00034834 the hydro trip is one therapy that's all
XHmxcK5ml6c-00112-00034835-00035201 but in higher whether kidney stone has a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00113-00035202-00035496 proper and good very good treatment
XHmxcK5ml6c-00114-00035497-00035935 whatever your stones size is below 10 mm
XHmxcK5ml6c-00115-00035936-00036284 that will get broken friends today
XHmxcK5ml6c-00116-00036285-00036767 friends I will show you I will sure I am
XHmxcK5ml6c-00117-00036768-00037037 showing you one tablet that is the naree
XHmxcK5ml6c-00118-00037038-00037286 tablet which is from the amel company
XHmxcK5ml6c-00119-00037287-00037625 and it contains fashion bed book sure a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00120-00037626-00037793 p'march Shui property and many more
XHmxcK5ml6c-00121-00037794-00038033 contents which breaks the stones and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00122-00038034-00038296 crushes and flushes from the urinary
XHmxcK5ml6c-00123-00038297-00038417 system
XHmxcK5ml6c-00124-00038418-00039002 same type of tablet as as such to nari
XHmxcK5ml6c-00125-00039003-00039257 is the stone wheel from the phyto parma
XHmxcK5ml6c-00126-00039258-00039571 same tablet system from Himalaya you can
XHmxcK5ml6c-00127-00039572-00039896 use any tablet but according to me these
XHmxcK5ml6c-00128-00039897-00040174 narrator blade is a phenomenal friends
XHmxcK5ml6c-00129-00040175-00040577 because I also use this because I am
XHmxcK5ml6c-00130-00040578-00040946 also having right-sided renal colic and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00131-00040947-00041342 it sometimes syllables the pain but for
XHmxcK5ml6c-00132-00041343-00041555 your kind information it doesn't take a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00133-00041556-00041780 single injection center for the spin
XHmxcK5ml6c-00134-00041781-00042314 first I just follow tablet nari number 1
XHmxcK5ml6c-00135-00042315-00042802 number 2 tablet Chandra Prabhavati for
XHmxcK5ml6c-00136-00042803-00043142 BD - time number 3 tablet book should
XHmxcK5ml6c-00137-00043143-00043412 have the Google for BD - time and last
XHmxcK5ml6c-00138-00043413-00043771 syrup for una de cara for 2 time 1 TSP
XHmxcK5ml6c-00139-00043772-00043996 for qu time if you follow these four
XHmxcK5ml6c-00140-00043997-00044296 steps for treatment options your stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00141-00044297-00044633 will be flush 100% guaranteed it's the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00142-00044634-00044932 formula from me dr. Ali and mercury she
XHmxcK5ml6c-00143-00044933-00045277 it's a phenomenal formula friend I
XHmxcK5ml6c-00144-00045278-00045551 flushes my own stone and lots of
XHmxcK5ml6c-00145-00045552-00045946 patients don't also at last I want to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00146-00045947-00046226 ask you one favor
XHmxcK5ml6c-00147-00046227-00046468 if you doesn't subscribe to my this
XHmxcK5ml6c-00148-00046469-00046664 channel health tips be subscribed to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00149-00046665-00046973 this my channel if you are having a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00150-00046974-00047135 problem with English who doesn't
XHmxcK5ml6c-00151-00047136-00047306 understand English if you understand
XHmxcK5ml6c-00152-00047307-00047558 Hindi you can go to my Hindi channel
XHmxcK5ml6c-00153-00047559-00047870 health consultant I will give a link in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00154-00047871-00048299 this description video where I provide
XHmxcK5ml6c-00155-00048300-00048640 total health of technologies in Hindi as
XHmxcK5ml6c-00156-00048641-00049096 same to help tips in English so friend
XHmxcK5ml6c-00157-00049097-00049256 what I am saying is if you are having
XHmxcK5ml6c-00158-00049257-00049493 any problem of kidney stone or a pain in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00159-00049494-00049880 abdomen you just go to sonography that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00160-00049881-00050349 is USG abdomen your abdomen is done
XHmxcK5ml6c-00161-00050350-00050818 it will show you the size of stone and a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00162-00050819-00051037 doctor will give you the injection and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00163-00051038-00051301 tablets and the size of the stone is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00164-00051302-00051442 shown in the usage of term and that is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00165-00051444-00051782 the test which is most required in use
XHmxcK5ml6c-00166-00051783-00052160 pain in the abdomen and if the stone is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00167-00052161-00052354 on the right side you have to correlate
XHmxcK5ml6c-00168-00052355-00052600 you with or you have to differentiate it
XHmxcK5ml6c-00169-00052601-00052904 with appendix also on the left side it
XHmxcK5ml6c-00170-00052904-00053092 is easily diagnosable but on the right
XHmxcK5ml6c-00171-00053094-00053281 side it should be differential diagnosed
XHmxcK5ml6c-00172-00053282-00053669 with appendix and so friends and if you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00173-00053670-00054044 are having a pain in the right side you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00174-00054045-00054260 go to sonography or left side go to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00175-00054261-00054451 sonography the size of the stone might
XHmxcK5ml6c-00176-00054452-00054766 be confirmed with the and if the size is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00177-00054767-00054991 below 10 mm you can go with Ayurvedic
XHmxcK5ml6c-00178-00054992-00055117 treatment nari
XHmxcK5ml6c-00179-00055119-00055346 Chandra Prabhavati Verona the karabakh
XHmxcK5ml6c-00180-00055347-00055579 Shraddha Kapoor that's all but two
XHmxcK5ml6c-00181-00055580-00055825 months because all the kidney will be
XHmxcK5ml6c-00182-00055826-00056167 cleared if you're having a stone bigger
XHmxcK5ml6c-00183-00056169-00056612 than 13 or 14 or 15 mm then in that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00184-00056613-00056842 condition if that is causing the more
XHmxcK5ml6c-00185-00056844-00057163 problem to your system that is a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00186-00057164-00057473 hydronephrosis is causing by that stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00187-00057474-00057832 at the uro vesicle junction that might
XHmxcK5ml6c-00188-00057833-00058051 cause the increase in serum create and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00189-00058052-00058319 that might cause the kidney damages also
XHmxcK5ml6c-00190-00058320-00058625 so in that condition you will have to go
XHmxcK5ml6c-00191-00058626-00058879 to your surgeon and whatever he says or
XHmxcK5ml6c-00192-00058880-00059219 she says you'll have to follow that step
XHmxcK5ml6c-00193-00059220-00059621 back immediately you see friends what
XHmxcK5ml6c-00194-00059622-00059804 I'm recommending about the treatment
XHmxcK5ml6c-00195-00059804-00060038 whether it is Ayurvedic or elevated if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00196-00060039-00060353 the condition is acute then you have to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00197-00060354-00060674 follow allopathic treatment only and if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00198-00060675-00060901 the condition is chronic or it is simple
XHmxcK5ml6c-00199-00060902-00061088 then you can go with a red ribbon
XHmxcK5ml6c-00200-00061089-00061330 once your pain is subside the below the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00201-00061332-00061526 when the stone is below 10 mm and you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00202-00061527-00061829 can go to ayurvedic treatment for sure
XHmxcK5ml6c-00203-00061829-00062087 definitely 100% guaranteed your stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00204-00062088-00062396 will be this all broken flushes out that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00205-00062397-00062767 is nary Varna dakara and general
XHmxcK5ml6c-00206-00062769-00063019 Prabhavati
XHmxcK5ml6c-00207-00063020-00063332 Neri Verona D courage and authority book
XHmxcK5ml6c-00208-00063333-00063500 should have the mover one tablet you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00209-00063501-00063767 follow it you keep it time whenever
XHmxcK5ml6c-00210-00063769-00063962 you've found a kidney problem with
XHmxcK5ml6c-00211-00063963-00064196 kidney stone just follow these steps and
XHmxcK5ml6c-00212-00064197-00064538 what you have to avoid in fruits or that
XHmxcK5ml6c-00213-00064539-00064899 or vegetables you have to avoid pollen
XHmxcK5ml6c-00214-00064900-00065249 in the vegetables and in water you have
XHmxcK5ml6c-00215-00065250-00065397 to ord the water of boring which
XHmxcK5ml6c-00216-00065398-00065604 contains the calcium oxalate in the more
XHmxcK5ml6c-00217-00065605-00065874 forms you just have to take the water of
XHmxcK5ml6c-00218-00065875-00066423 our drainage system that's all and you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00219-00066424-00066621 have to you will have to increase your
XHmxcK5ml6c-00220-00066622-00066855 intake of water daily intake of water if
XHmxcK5ml6c-00221-00066856-00067163 you're drinking low minimum amount of
XHmxcK5ml6c-00222-00067164-00067418 water that can also cause it based on so
XHmxcK5ml6c-00223-00067419-00067718 you have to drink maximum water to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00224-00067719-00068034 resolve your kidney stone if you are
XHmxcK5ml6c-00225-00068035-00068193 drinking maximum water friends your
XHmxcK5ml6c-00226-00068194-00068603 kidney will be in a good condition also
XHmxcK5ml6c-00227-00068604-00068880 another thing what I am discussing is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00228-00068881-00069303 you will have to follow the tips from
XHmxcK5ml6c-00229-00069304-00069666 the doctors also the Ayurvedic treatment
XHmxcK5ml6c-00230-00069667-00069903 is the best treatment for kidney stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00231-00069904-00070343 and gallbladder stone also sometimes you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00232-00070344-00070536 may have the stone in the both the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00233-00070537-00070773 kidneys so you have to follow that treat
XHmxcK5ml6c-00234-00070774-00071034 but also for two to three months so your
XHmxcK5ml6c-00235-00071035-00071625 stone will be flush out so friends this
XHmxcK5ml6c-00236-00071626-00071922 is the detail information or the kidney
XHmxcK5ml6c-00237-00071923-00072267 stone and sometimes there might be a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00238-00072268-00072537 stone at the ureter also so that causes
XHmxcK5ml6c-00239-00072538-00072846 the pain at the upper side of the penis
XHmxcK5ml6c-00240-00072847-00073100 also so that is the severe condition
XHmxcK5ml6c-00241-00073101-00073512 which some of the patient felt in the
XHmxcK5ml6c-00242-00073513-00074000 kidney stones the pain during the kidney
XHmxcK5ml6c-00243-00074001-00074211 stone is basically on the midnight
XHmxcK5ml6c-00244-00074212-00074772 friends so Ayurvedic treatment I have
XHmxcK5ml6c-00245-00074773-00075155 discussed you also can serve a treatment
XHmxcK5ml6c-00246-00075156-00075281 in telepathy and surgical treatment
XHmxcK5ml6c-00247-00075282-00075375 dissolve
XHmxcK5ml6c-00248-00075376-00075561 discussed it to you there are lots of
XHmxcK5ml6c-00249-00075562-00075774 technique which remove the stones
XHmxcK5ml6c-00250-00075775-00075951 basketball taking a basket Technic
XHmxcK5ml6c-00251-00075952-00076140 seller available laparoscope is
XHmxcK5ml6c-00252-00076141-00076443 available for kidney stones as well
XHmxcK5ml6c-00253-00076444-00076730 [Music]
XHmxcK5ml6c-00254-00076731-00077127 friends if you are having a larger
XHmxcK5ml6c-00255-00077128-00077367 amount of larger size of kidney stone
XHmxcK5ml6c-00256-00077368-00077649 then it will have to go through the euro
XHmxcK5ml6c-00257-00077650-00078101 surgeon for his or her opinion so
XHmxcK5ml6c-00258-00078102-00078645 friends I think you got understand what
XHmxcK5ml6c-00259-00078646-00078822 i am telling you what I am saying you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00260-00078823-00079179 about the kidney stone kidney stone is a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00261-00079180-00079569 phenomenal disease phenomenal condition
XHmxcK5ml6c-00262-00079570-00079788 in which the patient is suffering from a
XHmxcK5ml6c-00263-00079789-00080151 lot of total stretch and the most
XHmxcK5ml6c-00264-00080152-00080376 important problem is urine incontinence
XHmxcK5ml6c-00265-00080377-00080580 if you are not having you in properly
XHmxcK5ml6c-00266-00080581-00080778 you should diagnose through the go-to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00267-00080779-00080958 diagnosis for the scenography and you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00268-00080959-00081189 can be dying out of it it may stall in
XHmxcK5ml6c-00269-00081190-00081585 blood test we do serum creatinine so
XHmxcK5ml6c-00270-00081586-00081960 friends if you not still subscribe to
XHmxcK5ml6c-00271-00081961-00082311 this channel subscribe it and you share
XHmxcK5ml6c-00272-00082312-00082587 it to the maximum I'm your friend your
XHmxcK5ml6c-00273-00082588-00082746 Prairie know crow she's signing off from
XHmxcK5ml6c-00274-00082747-00083166 my youtube channel health tips thank you
XHmxcK5ml6c-00275-00083167-00083484 thank you very much
XIbASJz5BhY-00000-00000055-00000479 acta biological um bianna as a quarterly
XIbASJz5BhY-00001-00000480-00000792 peer-reviewed open-access scientific
XIbASJz5BhY-00002-00000793-00001065 journal covering all aspects of biology
XIbASJz5BhY-00003-00001066-00001457 with special emphasis on the Neotropics
XIbASJz5BhY-00004-00001458-00001845 it is published by the science faculty
XIbASJz5BhY-00005-00001846-00002084 of the National University of Colombia
XIbASJz5BhY-00006-00002085-00002589 and was established in 1982 the
XIbASJz5BhY-00007-00002590-00002957 editor-in-chief as J hon Charles Donato
XIbASJz5BhY-00008-00002958-00003284 Rondon the journal is available online
XIbASJz5BhY-00009-00003285-00003584 from its home page and from read Alec
XIbASJz5BhY-00010-00003585-00003829 and Cielo
XIbASJz5BhY-00011-00003830-00004185 see information about management and
XIbASJz5BhY-00012-00004186-00004951 spreading of content in by a notice son
XIbASJz5BhY-00013-00004952-00005663 topic abstracting an indexing
XIbASJz5BhY-00014-00005664-00006181 the journal is abstracted and indexed in
XIbASJz5BhY-00015-00006182-00006525 biological abstracts
XIbASJz5BhY-00016-00006526-00007259 biosis previews kasi Latin Dex
XIbASJz5BhY-00017-00007261-00008006 lilacs Scopus the zoological record
XIbASJz5BhY-00018-00008006-00008274 Cielo
XIbASJz5BhY-00019-00008275-00008846 bubbling decks categoría a to read Alec
XIbASJz5BhY-00020-00008847-00009237 do AJ
XJrmu-xjlKA-00000-00000120-00000726 [Music]
XJrmu-xjlKA-00001-00000727-00001007 hello youtube me again um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00002-00001008-00001319 now my channel very random i know all
XJrmu-xjlKA-00003-00001320-00001535 sorts of strange videos on there
XJrmu-xjlKA-00004-00001536-00001798 but one of the most viewed videos is an
XJrmu-xjlKA-00005-00001800-00001998 outside light one of the most commented
XJrmu-xjlKA-00006-00002000-00002110 on as well
XJrmu-xjlKA-00007-00002111-00002334 for reasons i'll go into later
XJrmu-xjlKA-00008-00002335-00002510 um so
XJrmu-xjlKA-00009-00002511-00002671 i'm just gonna see how that outside
XJrmu-xjlKA-00010-00002672-00002847 light's going for me
XJrmu-xjlKA-00011-00002848-00003063 bear with so i know you can't really see
XJrmu-xjlKA-00012-00003064-00003206 at the moment but i'm just at the side
XJrmu-xjlKA-00013-00003207-00003383 of the house and i'm going to trigger
XJrmu-xjlKA-00014-00003384-00003599 the outside light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00015-00003600-00003967 hmm
XJrmu-xjlKA-00016-00003968-00004238 as you can see
XJrmu-xjlKA-00017-00004239-00004454 but they're very good
XJrmu-xjlKA-00018-00004455-00004567 hmm
XJrmu-xjlKA-00019-00004568-00004735 i think i'm gonna have to get onto screw
XJrmu-xjlKA-00020-00004736-00004902 fix again and uh
XJrmu-xjlKA-00021-00004903-00005031 it looks like i've gotta buy another
XJrmu-xjlKA-00022-00005032-00005175 cheap light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00023-00005176-00005518 basket complete
XJrmu-xjlKA-00024-00005519-00005783 so got me parts let me show you so i got
XJrmu-xjlKA-00025-00005784-00006102 myself a light with a pir obviously
XJrmu-xjlKA-00026-00006103-00006254 and to stop all the people in the
XJrmu-xjlKA-00027-00006255-00006383 comments going
XJrmu-xjlKA-00028-00006384-00006534 that box you've got that junction box
XJrmu-xjlKA-00029-00006536-00006710 it's not a waterproof box yeah i know
XJrmu-xjlKA-00030-00006711-00006846 but it's well sealed and it's been like
XJrmu-xjlKA-00031-00006847-00007070 about eight years and it works fine but
XJrmu-xjlKA-00032-00007072-00007287 to stop all that
XJrmu-xjlKA-00033-00007288-00007510 myself a waterproof box
XJrmu-xjlKA-00034-00007511-00007719 so i will this time
XJrmu-xjlKA-00035-00007720-00008478 put myself a waterproof box in
XJrmu-xjlKA-00036-00008479-00008574 so
XJrmu-xjlKA-00037-00008575-00008878 isolated it with inside the house
XJrmu-xjlKA-00038-00008879-00009078 neighbours of noisy today
XJrmu-xjlKA-00039-00009079-00009223 let's have a look see how much water's
XJrmu-xjlKA-00040-00009224-00009431 in there shall we
XJrmu-xjlKA-00041-00009432-00009703 yeah i know i'm being cocky but
XJrmu-xjlKA-00042-00009704-00010039 oh look
XJrmu-xjlKA-00043-00010040-00010478 it's bone dry
XJrmu-xjlKA-00044-00010479-00010687 i know it's not waterproof but like i
XJrmu-xjlKA-00045-00010688-00010838 say it's done the job for about eight
XJrmu-xjlKA-00046-00010839-00011023 years
XJrmu-xjlKA-00047-00011024-00011414 so time to check we're all isolated
XJrmu-xjlKA-00048-00011415-00011559 not easy
XJrmu-xjlKA-00049-00011560-00011878 with a camera in your face
XJrmu-xjlKA-00050-00011879-00012055 oh bear with
XJrmu-xjlKA-00051-00012056-00012310 neutral live
XJrmu-xjlKA-00052-00012311-00012495 you have to take my word for it
XJrmu-xjlKA-00053-00012496-00012703 nothing on the meter
XJrmu-xjlKA-00054-00012704-00012894 right let's try not to do that again
XJrmu-xjlKA-00055-00012895-00013191 because that was scary up a ladder
XJrmu-xjlKA-00056-00013191-00013655 a little bit of disconnecting
XJrmu-xjlKA-00057-00013656-00014022 live out
XJrmu-xjlKA-00058-00014023-00014335 neutral out
XJrmu-xjlKA-00059-00014336-00014671 earth felt
XJrmu-xjlKA-00060-00014672-00014966 give it a yank
XJrmu-xjlKA-00061-00014968-00015166 all right let's now get all this out so
XJrmu-xjlKA-00062-00015168-00015383 the light is down and i've got a slight
XJrmu-xjlKA-00063-00015384-00015975 inkling i may know what's wrong with it
XJrmu-xjlKA-00064-00015976-00016263 yeah you can see it it's full of water
XJrmu-xjlKA-00065-00016263-00016391 so my
XJrmu-xjlKA-00066-00016392-00016767 unwaterproof connector junction box
XJrmu-xjlKA-00067-00016768-00016935 is bone dry
XJrmu-xjlKA-00068-00016936-00017327 and the waterproof light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00069-00017328-00017671 quite frankly is not
XJrmu-xjlKA-00070-00017672-00017855 yeah i really can't get over that look
XJrmu-xjlKA-00071-00017856-00017991 at the state of that i can't even see
XJrmu-xjlKA-00072-00017992-00018158 where it's coming in from
XJrmu-xjlKA-00073-00018159-00018358 you know i took the connection out there
XJrmu-xjlKA-00074-00018359-00018503 to see ah
XJrmu-xjlKA-00075-00018504-00018591 yeah
XJrmu-xjlKA-00076-00018592-00018758 well that's where it is then
XJrmu-xjlKA-00077-00018759-00019022 so that waterproof connection there it's
XJrmu-xjlKA-00078-00019023-00019286 probably not waterproof at all
XJrmu-xjlKA-00079-00019287-00019471 oh i don't know whatever let's get the
XJrmu-xjlKA-00080-00019472-00019686 new one up not interested in the bin it
XJrmu-xjlKA-00081-00019687-00019927 goes so you can see the new one is
XJrmu-xjlKA-00082-00019928-00020207 considerably smaller um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00083-00020208-00020375 so let me just get that one off the
XJrmu-xjlKA-00084-00020376-00020671 floor where it's been put into disgrace
XJrmu-xjlKA-00085-00020672-00020950 so that one
XJrmu-xjlKA-00086-00020951-00021086 was
XJrmu-xjlKA-00087-00021087-00021503 made in china um yeah that one was um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00088-00021504-00021622 well there you go
XJrmu-xjlKA-00089-00021623-00021822 whatever that says
XJrmu-xjlKA-00090-00021823-00022214 this one look at that a lot smaller
XJrmu-xjlKA-00091-00022215-00022399 but
XJrmu-xjlKA-00092-00022400-00022703 apparently
XJrmu-xjlKA-00093-00022704-00022783 much
XJrmu-xjlKA-00094-00022784-00023030 the same output
XJrmu-xjlKA-00095-00023031-00023183 oh well whatever
XJrmu-xjlKA-00096-00023184-00023383 don't need anything too bright down the
XJrmu-xjlKA-00097-00023384-00023607 side there so uh yeah that's quite neat
XJrmu-xjlKA-00098-00023608-00023871 actually in fact the box
XJrmu-xjlKA-00099-00023872-00024135 it's almost as big as a flipping light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00100-00024136-00024342 look at that right let's stop waffle
XJrmu-xjlKA-00101-00024343-00024583 let's get it up all right waterproof box
XJrmu-xjlKA-00102-00024584-00024758 first of all just keep the internet
XJrmu-xjlKA-00103-00024759-00024903 happy
XJrmu-xjlKA-00104-00024904-00025103 um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00105-00025104-00025255 why should we put that
XJrmu-xjlKA-00106-00025256-00025687 um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00107-00025688-00025774 right
XJrmu-xjlKA-00108-00025775-00026070 um
XJrmu-xjlKA-00109-00026072-00026311 yeah something like that
XJrmu-xjlKA-00110-00026312-00026431 yeah
XJrmu-xjlKA-00111-00026432-00026623 yeah something like that i'll do
XJrmu-xjlKA-00112-00026624-00026862 right let's get drilling we're really
XJrmu-xjlKA-00113-00026863-00027127 going old school today look at that
XJrmu-xjlKA-00114-00027127-00027239 hand drill
XJrmu-xjlKA-00115-00027239-00027470 nice
XJrmu-xjlKA-00116-00027472-00027687 well the levels i go to never cease to
XJrmu-xjlKA-00117-00027688-00027855 amaze me look at that they even got
XJrmu-xjlKA-00118-00027856-00028118 proper waterproof grommets
XJrmu-xjlKA-00119-00028119-00028262 yeah i've got a good feeling this time
XJrmu-xjlKA-00120-00028263-00028431 that the comments section
XJrmu-xjlKA-00121-00028432-00028670 is going to be dreams and reads of
XJrmu-xjlKA-00122-00028672-00029023 praise about what a wonderful job i've
XJrmu-xjlKA-00123-00029024-00029239 yeah wonderful job i've done now this is
XJrmu-xjlKA-00124-00029239-00029462 youtube isn't it who am i trying to fall
XJrmu-xjlKA-00125-00029463-00029590 it's going gonna be the same old
XJrmu-xjlKA-00126-00029591-00029799 comments right let's get it bolted to
XJrmu-xjlKA-00127-00029800-00029902 the wall
XJrmu-xjlKA-00128-00029904-00030111 and now it's time to do a little bit of
XJrmu-xjlKA-00129-00030112-00030223 stripping
XJrmu-xjlKA-00130-00030224-00030614 just like that
XJrmu-xjlKA-00131-00030616-00030862 and by the magic of the internet it's
XJrmu-xjlKA-00132-00030863-00031111 all in place there you go all bolted up
XJrmu-xjlKA-00133-00031112-00031223 in there
XJrmu-xjlKA-00134-00031224-00031414 we've obviously got uh the waterproof
XJrmu-xjlKA-00135-00031416-00031687 connection now just there just want to
XJrmu-xjlKA-00136-00031688-00031879 tidy these wires up a little bit as well
XJrmu-xjlKA-00137-00031880-00032055 because they do look a bit
XJrmu-xjlKA-00138-00032056-00032158 naff
XJrmu-xjlKA-00139-00032160-00032302 come on they've looked now for the last
XJrmu-xjlKA-00140-00032303-00032439 eight or nine years so
XJrmu-xjlKA-00141-00032439-00032631 oh whatever um it's all right i'm going
XJrmu-xjlKA-00142-00032632-00032783 to give it a quick check i'm not sure if
XJrmu-xjlKA-00143-00032784-00033039 it will work in the daylight but we
XJrmu-xjlKA-00144-00033040-00033262 shall soon find out so there we're going
XJrmu-xjlKA-00145-00033263-00033431 to switch it on
XJrmu-xjlKA-00146-00033432-00033646 see what happens
XJrmu-xjlKA-00147-00033647-00033818 maybe nothing who knows
XJrmu-xjlKA-00148-00033819-00033983 [Applause]
XJrmu-xjlKA-00149-00033984-00034135 it works
XJrmu-xjlKA-00150-00034136-00034302 yeah a bit better than the other one so
XJrmu-xjlKA-00151-00034303-00034439 uh yep
XJrmu-xjlKA-00152-00034440-00034662 cover on now and then wait till later on
XJrmu-xjlKA-00153-00034663-00034831 tonight to
XJrmu-xjlKA-00154-00034832-00035125 set it all up properly
XJrmu-xjlKA-00155-00035126-00035271 [Music]
XJrmu-xjlKA-00156-00035272-00035574 i could get a lift
XJrmu-xjlKA-00157-00035575-00035815 maybe it's the rosa's looking for me
XJrmu-xjlKA-00158-00035816-00036079 maybe they think it's a landing light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00159-00036080-00036215 oops
XJrmu-xjlKA-00160-00036216-00036399 so there you go all finished i've got to
XJrmu-xjlKA-00161-00036400-00036590 say these screws
XJrmu-xjlKA-00162-00036591-00036830 with a struggle to get in um but i think
XJrmu-xjlKA-00163-00036831-00036959 i've got them yeah they're nice and
XJrmu-xjlKA-00164-00036960-00037087 tight now but
XJrmu-xjlKA-00165-00037088-00037302 yeah they fought a little bit
XJrmu-xjlKA-00166-00037303-00037487 um anyway right we've got some settings
XJrmu-xjlKA-00167-00037488-00037630 on the bottom to adjust
XJrmu-xjlKA-00168-00037631-00037783 um that's about where it wants to be
XJrmu-xjlKA-00169-00037784-00038023 pointing just to cover the uh the back
XJrmu-xjlKA-00170-00038024-00038167 gate down there
XJrmu-xjlKA-00171-00038168-00038343 um so i can't really set it up there
XJrmu-xjlKA-00172-00038344-00038583 until it gets dark but um yeah there you
XJrmu-xjlKA-00173-00038584-00038911 go a bit of an update on uh well
XJrmu-xjlKA-00174-00038912-00039095 the second security light
XJrmu-xjlKA-00175-00039096-00039246 i've had to put up
XJrmu-xjlKA-00176-00039247-00039351 in
XJrmu-xjlKA-00177-00039352-00039646 well this year so um yeah
XJrmu-xjlKA-00178-00039647-00039871 the last one didn't last very well um as
XJrmu-xjlKA-00179-00039872-00040055 you can see was full of water so not
XJrmu-xjlKA-00180-00040056-00040287 overly impressed but um yeah it was
XJrmu-xjlKA-00181-00040288-00040518 cheap they all are but there you go all
XJrmu-xjlKA-00182-00040519-00040735 right that's about where we leave it
XJrmu-xjlKA-00183-00040736-00040887 thanks for watching
XJrmu-xjlKA-00184-00040888-00041190 and i'll catch you later
XJrmu-xjlKA-00185-00041191-00041439 works perfectly
XJrmu-xjlKA-00186-00041440-00042453 excellent
XJrmu-xjlKA-00187-00042454-00042974 [Music]
XJrmu-xjlKA-00188-00042975-00043184 you
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00000-00000086-00000299 Constitution Day is a holiday to honor
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00001-00000300-00000538 the constitution of a country
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00002-00000539-00000790 Constitution day is often celebrated on
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00003-00000791-00000925 the anniversary of the signing
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00004-00000926-00001118 promulgation or adoption of the
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00005-00001119-00001331 Constitution or in some cases to
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00006-00001332-00001528 commemorate the change to constitutional
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00007-00001529-00002087 monarchy Abkhazia November 26 1994 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00008-00002088-00002504 constitution of Abkhazia endora March 14
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00009-00002505-00002818 1993 known locally as dia de la
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00010-00002819-00003184 constitución see constitution of Andorra
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00011-00003185-00003629 Argentina May 1st 1853 see constitution
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00012-00003629-00003910 of Argentina not a public holiday
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00013-00003911-00004363 Armenia July 5th 1995 see constitution
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00014-00004364-00004936 of Armenia Australia July 9 1962 ssin of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00015-00004937-00005233 Australia not a public holiday
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00016-00005234-00005618 Azerbaijan November 12 1995 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00017-00005619-00005884 constitution of Azerbaijan not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00018-00005885-00006379 holiday Belarus March 15 1994 known
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00019-00006380-00006650 locally as Ian Kent statue CG see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00020-00006651-00007003 constitution of Belarus Belgium July
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00021-00007004-00007384 21st 1890 known locally as Nationale a
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00022-00007386-00007624 feast oven bell ghee in Dutch and fête
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00023-00007625-00007955 nationale a bell G in French day of the
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00024-00007956-00008189 Flemish community July 11th Flemish
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00025-00008190-00008489 community only known locally as feast da
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00026-00008490-00008813 van Vlaanderen French community holiday
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00027-00008814-00009083 September 27th french-speaking community
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00028-00009084-00009328 only known locally as feast on van
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00029-00009329-00009646 Vlaanderen will only add a 3rd Sunday of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00030-00009647-00009951 September while loon region only
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00031-00009952-00010137 day of the german-speaking community of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00032-00010138-00010362 Belgium November 15th german-speaking
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00033-00010363-00010695 community only known locally as fire tag
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00034-00010696-00010927 der deutsche pressure Gingerman shaft
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00035-00010928-00011334 Brazil November 15th 1889 known in
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00036-00011335-00011613 Brazil is dia praça Masada republica
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00037-00011614-00011912 Republic Day see constitution of Brazil
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00038-00011913-00012360 public holiday Cambodia September 24
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00039-00012361-00012791 1993 see Cambodia Constituent Assembly
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00040-00012792-00013256 Canada Day July 1st 1867 also known as
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00041-00013257-00013481 fete du Canada in French see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00042-00013482-00013827 constitution of Canada China December
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00043-00013828-00014141 4th 1982 see constitution of the
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00044-00014143-00014460 People's Republic of China Cook Islands
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00045-00014461-00014688 August 4th 1965
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00046-00014688-00014888 known locally as tame avian Nui
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00047-00014890-00015153 celebrations see politics of the Cook
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00048-00015154-00015674 Islands Denmark June 5th 18-49 1953
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00049-00015675-00015975 known locally as grunt of stag see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00050-00015976-00016278 constitution of Denmark Dominican
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00051-00016279-00016655 Republic November 6th 1844 see history
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00052-00016656-00016865 of the Dominican Republic
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00053-00016866-00017342 Ethiopia July 16 1931 CIE 1931
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00054-00017343-00017712 constitution of Ethiopia Faroe Islands
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00055-00017713-00018177 June 5th 18-49 1953 known locally as
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00056-00018178-00018417 grunt of stag see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00057-00018418-00018753 Denmark federated states of micronesia
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00058-00018754-00019086 made ten nineteen seventy-nine Fiji
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00059-00019087-00019530 September 7 2013 first observed in 2016
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00060-00019531-00019947 see 2013 constitution of Fiji finland
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00061-00019948-00020508 december 6 1917 Germany made 23 1949
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00062-00020509-00020736 see Basic Law for the Federal Republic
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00063-00020737-00021050 of Germany and German Unity Day not a
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00064-00021051-00021537 public holiday India November 26 1949
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00065-00021538-00021800 indian constitution was adopted by the
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00066-00021801-00022025 Constituent Assembly on the 26th of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00067-00022026-00022124 November
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00068-00022125-00022412 celebrated all over India known locally
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00069-00022413-00022640 as Sam van and divas not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00070-00022641-00023136 holiday Indonesia August 18 1945 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00071-00023137-00023340 constitution of Indonesia
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00072-00023341-00023832 public holiday Ireland December 29 1937
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00073-00023833-00024129 see constitution of Ireland not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00074-00024130-00024600 holiday Italy January 1st 1948 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00075-00024601-00024983 constitution of Italy Japan May 3rd
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00076-00024984-00025307 1947 see constitution of Japan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00077-00025308-00025731 Kazakhstan August 30th 1995 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00078-00025732-00026022 constitution of Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00079-00026023-00026402 May 5th 1993 see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00080-00026404-00026870 Kyrgyzstan Latvia May 1st 1920 day of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00081-00026872-00027063 inauguration of the Constitutional
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00082-00027064-00027330 Assembly of Latvia see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00083-00027331-00027849 Latvia Lithuania October 25th 1992 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00084-00027850-00028158 constitution of Lithuania Marshall
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00085-00028158-00028551 Islands May 1st 1979 see compact of free
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00086-00028552-00029095 association Maldives December 22nd 1932
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00087-00029097-00029214 Mexico
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00088-00029214-00029562 February 5th 1917 known locally as dia
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00089-00029563-00029841 de la constitución see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00090-00029842-00030114 Mexico public holiday for Constitution
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00091-00030114-00030468 Day is first Monday of February Mongolia
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00092-00030469-00030867 January 13 1924 see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00093-00030868-00031311 Mongolia Netherlands December 15 1954
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00094-00031312-00031589 known locally as coning crikes tag see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00095-00031591-00031818 constitution of the Netherlands not a
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00096-00031819-00032382 public holiday neo a October 19 1974 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00097-00032383-00032712 me you a constitution act North Korea
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00098-00032713-00033144 December 27 1972 see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00099-00033145-00033621 North Korea Norway May 17 18 14 known
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00100-00033622-00033837 locally as sittin day my see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00101-00033838-00034179 constitution of Norway Pakistan March
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00102-00034180-00034646 23rd 1973 see Constitution of Pakistan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00103-00034647-00035085 pullout July 9 1980 see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00104-00035086-00035574 Palau Philippines February 2nd 1987 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00105-00035575-00035883 the 1987 Constitution known locally as
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00106-00035884-00036159 the raw egg salad gamba toss in filipino
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00107-00036160-00036693 first observed in 2002 poland May 3rd 17
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00108-00036694-00036966 one known locally as sweet Oakland sty 2
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00109-00036967-00037284 G 3 ma si Constitution of the 3rd of May
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00110-00037285-00037890 1791 Puerto Rico July 25th 1952 known
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00111-00037891-00038136 locally as dia de la constitución del
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00112-00038137-00038445 estado libre asociado also commemorated
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00113-00038446-00038823 as occupation de 1898 see constitution
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00114-00038824-00039252 of Puerto Rico Romania December 8 1991
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00115-00039253-00039585 see constitution of romania not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00116-00039586-00040038 holiday russia december 12th 1993 has
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00117-00040039-00040344 been a working holiday since 2005 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00118-00040345-00040686 constitution of Russia Serbia February
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00119-00040687-00041082 15th 1835 known locally as dan jab nasty
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00120-00041083-00041435 see constitution of Serbia Slovakia
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00121-00041436-00041796 September 1st 1992 known locally as
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00122-00041797-00042099 Dennis Davi Slaven sched Republic II see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00123-00042100-00042338 constitution of the Slovak Republic
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00124-00042339-00042777 South Korea July 17 1948 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00125-00042778-00043080 constitution of South Korea Spain
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00126-00043081-00043488 December 6 1978 known locally as dia de
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00127-00043489-00043746 la constitución see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00128-00043747-00044355 Spain Sweden June 6th 1809 1974 known
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00129-00044356-00044637 locally as Sveriges national dink also
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00130-00044638-00044880 known as the day of the Swedish flag see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00131-00044881-00045149 basic laws of Sweden Switzerland
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00132-00045150-00045522 September 12th 1848 adoption of the
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00133-00045523-00045768 first Federal Constitution see Swiss
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00134-00045769-00045993 Federal Constitution not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00135-00045994-00046500 holiday Taiwan December 25th 1947 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00136-00046501-00046695 Constitution of the Republic of China
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00137-00046696-00047133 not a public holiday Tajikistan November
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00138-00047134-00047517 6 1994 see constitution of Tajikistan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00139-00047518-00047838 not a public holiday Thailand
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00140-00047839-00048186 December 10 1932 known locally as one
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00141-00048187-00048426 rap Dada Menon see constitution of
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00142-00048427-00048768 Thailand Turks and Caicos Islands August
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00143-00048769-00049407 30th 1976 Ukraine June 28 1996 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00144-00049408-00049651 constitution of Ukraine
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00145-00049652-00050058 United States September 17 1787 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00146-00050059-00050329 United States Constitution not a public
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00147-00050330-00050802 holiday Uruguay July 18th 1830 known
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00148-00050803-00051073 locally as Jura de la constitución de la
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00149-00051074-00051373 república oriental del Uruguay see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00150-00051374-00051708 constitution of Uruguay whose Becca Stan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00151-00051709-00052026 December 8 1992 known locally as
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00152-00052027-00052302 constitute Zia Cooney in news back see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00153-00052303-00052500 constitution of Uzbekistan
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00154-00052501-00052936 Vanuatu October 5th 1979 see
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00155-00052937-00053548 constitution of Vanuatu
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00156-00053549-00054079 topic see also
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00157-00054079-00054353 fiestas Patrias homeland national
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00158-00054354-00054712 holidays of Mexico public holiday
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00159-00054713-00055242 National Day Flag Day Republic Day
XJTuB2AA1nQ-00160-00055244-00055733 Independence Day pledge Across America
XP24AbpSUdM-00000-00000016-00000223 venice in the ground is a story of three
XP24AbpSUdM-00001-00000224-00000390 characters
XP24AbpSUdM-00002-00000391-00000799 nicholas nicola and shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00003-00000800-00001143 and it is not too long a novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00004-00001144-00001447 about 250 pages in all
XP24AbpSUdM-00005-00001448-00001702 packed in this particular edition that i
XP24AbpSUdM-00006-00001703-00001759 have
XP24AbpSUdM-00007-00001760-00002023 along with a novella by the name of
XP24AbpSUdM-00008-00002023-00002183 balzac's war
XP24AbpSUdM-00009-00002184-00002439 one that i have not yet read but once i
XP24AbpSUdM-00010-00002440-00002518 do
XP24AbpSUdM-00011-00002519-00002791 perhaps you will hear more about it
XP24AbpSUdM-00012-00002792-00002950 venice in the ground allows us
XP24AbpSUdM-00013-00002951-00003286 a glimpse into themes and motifs
XP24AbpSUdM-00014-00003288-00003615 that je van der meer makes use of
XP24AbpSUdM-00015-00003615-00003919 extensive use of no less in his future
XP24AbpSUdM-00016-00003920-00004015 works
XP24AbpSUdM-00017-00004015-00004327 one of these motifs is a grotesque
XP24AbpSUdM-00018-00004328-00004527 violent coming together of
XP24AbpSUdM-00019-00004528-00005006 human and animal in unsettling passages
XP24AbpSUdM-00020-00005007-00005495 in ways that frankly are liable to turn
XP24AbpSUdM-00021-00005496-00005847 your stomach much like
XP24AbpSUdM-00022-00005848-00006191 the dolphin in annihilation which
XP24AbpSUdM-00023-00006192-00006422 if you have not read this book ever so
XP24AbpSUdM-00024-00006423-00006583 slight spoilers
XP24AbpSUdM-00025-00006584-00006814 uh the main character of annihilation at
XP24AbpSUdM-00026-00006815-00007006 one point sees
XP24AbpSUdM-00027-00007008-00007351 a dolphin with an eye that looks all too
XP24AbpSUdM-00028-00007352-00007614 human in much the same way one of the
XP24AbpSUdM-00029-00007615-00007774 protagonists of venus
XP24AbpSUdM-00030-00007775-00008231 underground sees a dog-like creature
XP24AbpSUdM-00031-00008232-00008510 in whose skin is trapped the face of a
XP24AbpSUdM-00032-00008511-00008655 woman
XP24AbpSUdM-00033-00008656-00008935 really unsettling experiences such as
XP24AbpSUdM-00034-00008936-00009006 this
XP24AbpSUdM-00035-00009007-00009342 speak of one of vandemir's
XP24AbpSUdM-00036-00009343-00009663 chief interests which is this
XP24AbpSUdM-00037-00009664-00010055 again coming together of the natural
XP24AbpSUdM-00038-00010056-00010471 and the human worlds in ways that
XP24AbpSUdM-00039-00010472-00010799 really make you unsettled there is
XP24AbpSUdM-00040-00010800-00010967 something to venus in the ground
XP24AbpSUdM-00041-00010968-00011231 which makes of it almost a blueprint to
XP24AbpSUdM-00042-00011232-00011335 some of
XP24AbpSUdM-00043-00011336-00011623 vandemir's latest novels judging by
XP24AbpSUdM-00044-00011624-00011710 annihilation
XP24AbpSUdM-00045-00011711-00011991 i have not read as many of vandermeer's
XP24AbpSUdM-00046-00011992-00012174 novels as i want to
XP24AbpSUdM-00047-00012175-00012391 in fact venus in the ground was
XP24AbpSUdM-00048-00012392-00012542 something i picked up in my
XP24AbpSUdM-00049-00012543-00012894 local library with the hope of
XP24AbpSUdM-00050-00012895-00013255 you see catching up on this new weird
XP24AbpSUdM-00051-00013256-00013327 altar
XP24AbpSUdM-00052-00013328-00013638 as it were this work
XP24AbpSUdM-00053-00013640-00013991 will appeal not only to those of you who
XP24AbpSUdM-00054-00013991-00014086 are
XP24AbpSUdM-00055-00014087-00014375 fans of science fiction and fantasy but
XP24AbpSUdM-00056-00014376-00014455 also to
XP24AbpSUdM-00057-00014456-00014807 readers of post-modernist works such as
XP24AbpSUdM-00058-00014808-00014855 those
XP24AbpSUdM-00059-00014856-00015222 of angela carter this very much
XP24AbpSUdM-00060-00015223-00015575 recalled that experience i read
XP24AbpSUdM-00061-00015576-00015879 angela carter's the infernal desire
XP24AbpSUdM-00062-00015880-00016007 machine
XP24AbpSUdM-00063-00016008-00016447 of dr hoffman machines
XP24AbpSUdM-00064-00016448-00016815 and in similar ways i felt
XP24AbpSUdM-00065-00016816-00017150 this disquiet at
XP24AbpSUdM-00066-00017151-00017486 the worlds that both writers
XP24AbpSUdM-00067-00017487-00017863 here weave together the world itself as
XP24AbpSUdM-00068-00017864-00018014 the title might have
XP24AbpSUdM-00069-00018015-00018447 helped you realize is that a venus both
XP24AbpSUdM-00070-00018448-00018767 underground and above above ground
XP24AbpSUdM-00071-00018768-00019111 venus is a city not so much prospering
XP24AbpSUdM-00072-00019112-00019335 as it is surviving in a state of
XP24AbpSUdM-00073-00019336-00019439 disrepair
XP24AbpSUdM-00074-00019440-00019807 a place of both technological wonders
XP24AbpSUdM-00075-00019808-00020127 and human despair but venus
XP24AbpSUdM-00076-00020128-00020303 underground is where the truly
XP24AbpSUdM-00077-00020304-00020543 unsettling and labyrinthine
XP24AbpSUdM-00078-00020544-00020871 elements of this novel kick in this
XP24AbpSUdM-00079-00020872-00021183 we visit only in the third and largest
XP24AbpSUdM-00080-00021184-00021343 part of the novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00081-00021344-00021647 with the protagonist shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00082-00021648-00021950 who is himself born
XP24AbpSUdM-00083-00021951-00022271 in the underground and has escaped
XP24AbpSUdM-00084-00022272-00022814 from it is afraid to face it
XP24AbpSUdM-00085-00022815-00023094 but nonetheless is forced to in order to
XP24AbpSUdM-00086-00023095-00023222 save his lover
XP24AbpSUdM-00087-00023223-00023503 nicola it is this darkness that shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00088-00023504-00023535 is
XP24AbpSUdM-00089-00023536-00023791 forced to descend once more in order to
XP24AbpSUdM-00090-00023792-00023967 bring nicole back
XP24AbpSUdM-00091-00023968-00024278 but we will get back to that as i
XP24AbpSUdM-00092-00024279-00024503 said in the beginning of this review the
XP24AbpSUdM-00093-00024504-00024671 novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00094-00024672-00024983 is stole through three points of view
XP24AbpSUdM-00095-00024984-00025327 the first one that of nicholas one of
XP24AbpSUdM-00096-00025328-00025399 our twins
XP24AbpSUdM-00097-00025400-00025758 the other being nicola is
XP24AbpSUdM-00098-00025760-00026118 written in the first person it is soaked
XP24AbpSUdM-00099-00026119-00026527 with self-aggrandizing
XP24AbpSUdM-00100-00026527-00026870 yet pitting opportunism that's the kind
XP24AbpSUdM-00101-00026872-00026990 of character that
XP24AbpSUdM-00102-00026991-00027374 nicholas is and it will become clear
XP24AbpSUdM-00103-00027375-00027679 to you throughout the novel he
XP24AbpSUdM-00104-00027680-00028070 is someone that sharing a headspace with
XP24AbpSUdM-00105-00028072-00028462 even just for 30 or so pages
XP24AbpSUdM-00106-00028463-00028695 it is uncomfortable it makes you feel
XP24AbpSUdM-00107-00028695-00028839 like you need
XP24AbpSUdM-00108-00028839-00029270 to take a shower with your brain
XP24AbpSUdM-00109-00029272-00029623 nicholas is one of the protagonists
XP24AbpSUdM-00110-00029624-00029858 that i did not enjoy sharing
XP24AbpSUdM-00111-00029860-00029983 [Music]
XP24AbpSUdM-00112-00029983-00030246 any time with but he is very well
XP24AbpSUdM-00113-00030247-00030343 written
XP24AbpSUdM-00114-00030344-00030646 and vandemir from the afterward of
XP24AbpSUdM-00115-00030647-00030967 this very novel says that he all he had
XP24AbpSUdM-00116-00030968-00031014 to do
XP24AbpSUdM-00117-00031016-00031351 was just use the least likeable
XP24AbpSUdM-00118-00031352-00031590 qualities of himself to channel them
XP24AbpSUdM-00119-00031591-00031743 into nicholas
XP24AbpSUdM-00120-00031744-00032039 and i'd say it it has worked wonderfully
XP24AbpSUdM-00121-00032039-00032207 the second part of the novel is told
XP24AbpSUdM-00122-00032208-00032399 from the point of view of nicola
XP24AbpSUdM-00123-00032400-00032590 and it is told in the second person
XP24AbpSUdM-00124-00032591-00032799 which not many people
XP24AbpSUdM-00125-00032800-00033135 enjoy i myself am among those who
XP24AbpSUdM-00126-00033136-00033455 are horrifically disillusioned with it
XP24AbpSUdM-00127-00033456-00033583 for the most part
XP24AbpSUdM-00128-00033584-00033846 and yet i have to admit that vandemir
XP24AbpSUdM-00129-00033847-00033967 does an amazing
XP24AbpSUdM-00130-00033968-00034318 job here in what is truly
XP24AbpSUdM-00131-00034319-00034655 a spectacular part of the story what is
XP24AbpSUdM-00132-00034656-00034799 even more impressive is that
XP24AbpSUdM-00133-00034800-00035071 come the third part of the novel the one
XP24AbpSUdM-00134-00035072-00035143 told from
XP24AbpSUdM-00135-00035144-00035302 the third person point of view of
XP24AbpSUdM-00136-00035303-00035462 shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00137-00035463-00035774 you get a very reasonable explanation as
XP24AbpSUdM-00138-00035775-00035855 to why
XP24AbpSUdM-00139-00035856-00036111 nicole's point of view is told in the
XP24AbpSUdM-00140-00036112-00036255 second person
XP24AbpSUdM-00141-00036256-00036687 and it is very diegetic
XP24AbpSUdM-00142-00036688-00037118 is that the right one i think it is
XP24AbpSUdM-00143-00037119-00037430 yes it is diegetic who's have thunk that
XP24AbpSUdM-00144-00037431-00037502 i actually
XP24AbpSUdM-00145-00037503-00037927 remember my terms from narratology
XP24AbpSUdM-00146-00037928-00038143 nikoi is one of a very small number of
XP24AbpSUdM-00147-00038144-00038239 programmers
XP24AbpSUdM-00148-00038240-00038583 in the city of venus and
XP24AbpSUdM-00149-00038584-00038879 she is a very valuable commodity because
XP24AbpSUdM-00150-00038880-00038902 of
XP24AbpSUdM-00151-00038903-00039255 that you see my friends in a city
XP24AbpSUdM-00152-00039256-00039574 run by broken down ais to be a
XP24AbpSUdM-00153-00039575-00039702 programmer is
XP24AbpSUdM-00154-00039703-00040062 basically to safeguard the very
XP24AbpSUdM-00155-00040063-00040518 way of life that the citizens of venus
XP24AbpSUdM-00156-00040519-00040846 have been subjected to and it is a way
XP24AbpSUdM-00157-00040847-00040967 of life that they
XP24AbpSUdM-00158-00040968-00041335 want to keep promulgating because
XP24AbpSUdM-00159-00041336-00041671 venus is a city of order
XP24AbpSUdM-00160-00041672-00041990 amidst the sea of chaos amidst
XP24AbpSUdM-00161-00041991-00042327 a world in which civilization from what
XP24AbpSUdM-00162-00042328-00042462 i've gathered
XP24AbpSUdM-00163-00042463-00042807 has broken down utterly
XP24AbpSUdM-00164-00042808-00043158 to say the least i absolutely adored my
XP24AbpSUdM-00165-00043159-00043271 time with nicole
XP24AbpSUdM-00166-00043272-00043558 that's one thing i can tell you for sure
XP24AbpSUdM-00167-00043559-00043623 she
XP24AbpSUdM-00168-00043624-00043990 is light she is the lightest part
XP24AbpSUdM-00169-00043991-00044318 of this knoll she is like a lighthouse
XP24AbpSUdM-00170-00044319-00044639 that many of the other characters either
XP24AbpSUdM-00171-00044640-00044735 want to
XP24AbpSUdM-00172-00044736-00045071 diminish because it's too bright or they
XP24AbpSUdM-00173-00045072-00045423 want to safeguard they want to
XP24AbpSUdM-00174-00045424-00045758 allow to burn to continue burning bright
XP24AbpSUdM-00175-00045759-00046079 she is also human in the best of ways i
XP24AbpSUdM-00176-00046080-00046255 have here a few quotes
XP24AbpSUdM-00177-00046256-00046543 that are from her section of the novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00178-00046544-00046695 and i'm going to read them to you
XP24AbpSUdM-00179-00046696-00046943 the first one is nikola's own
XP24AbpSUdM-00180-00046944-00047046 considerations
XP24AbpSUdM-00181-00047047-00047367 about her relationship with her
XP24AbpSUdM-00182-00047368-00047799 brother once we were close in close-knit
XP24AbpSUdM-00183-00047800-00048055 but now we are in moored islands each
XP24AbpSUdM-00184-00048056-00048286 alone each a separate planet drifting
XP24AbpSUdM-00185-00048287-00048590 farther and farther away content
XP24AbpSUdM-00186-00048591-00048958 to turn ever inward this is no idle
XP24AbpSUdM-00187-00048959-00049111 solipsism
XP24AbpSUdM-00188-00049112-00049358 it has taken on the fragile brightness
XP24AbpSUdM-00189-00049359-00049430 of
XP24AbpSUdM-00190-00049431-00049735 truth and
XP24AbpSUdM-00191-00049736-00050007 a much shorter one the first one was
XP24AbpSUdM-00192-00050008-00050143 from page 26
XP24AbpSUdM-00193-00050144-00050462 the second one is from page 28. genius
XP24AbpSUdM-00194-00050463-00050743 doesn't strain for perfection
XP24AbpSUdM-00195-00050744-00051079 genius is effortless i also have a real
XP24AbpSUdM-00196-00051080-00051223 appreciation about
XP24AbpSUdM-00197-00051224-00051607 how vandemir codes the
XP24AbpSUdM-00198-00051608-00051846 world view that nikola has and i use
XP24AbpSUdM-00199-00051847-00051919 codes
XP24AbpSUdM-00200-00051920-00052182 codes here because i'm kind of a funny
XP24AbpSUdM-00201-00052183-00052230 guy
XP24AbpSUdM-00202-00052232-00052430 and she's a programmer so a lot of the
XP24AbpSUdM-00203-00052432-00052694 way that nikola views the world
XP24AbpSUdM-00204-00052695-00053007 it has to do with like language you
XP24AbpSUdM-00205-00053008-00053207 would associate with programming
XP24AbpSUdM-00206-00053208-00053535 but not in ways that are
XP24AbpSUdM-00207-00053536-00053854 overdone it's all very measured
XP24AbpSUdM-00208-00053855-00054247 and very clever i really enjoyed it
XP24AbpSUdM-00209-00054248-00054463 for example habits for her are not
XP24AbpSUdM-00210-00054464-00054615 simple routines
XP24AbpSUdM-00211-00054616-00054811 rather than subroutines and
XP24AbpSUdM-00212-00054812-00054966 sub-sub-routines
XP24AbpSUdM-00213-00054967-00055326 and those uh go out of sync as soon as
XP24AbpSUdM-00214-00055327-00055438 she begins
XP24AbpSUdM-00215-00055439-00055615 thinking about her missing brother
XP24AbpSUdM-00216-00055616-00055823 nicholas
XP24AbpSUdM-00217-00055824-00056175 it's done very very well vandamir has a
XP24AbpSUdM-00218-00056176-00056366 way with details in a way with words
XP24AbpSUdM-00219-00056367-00056575 that i appreciate from the bottom
XP24AbpSUdM-00220-00056576-00056838 of my being now for the last and biggest
XP24AbpSUdM-00221-00056839-00056982 element of this novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00222-00056983-00057294 we have got shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00223-00057295-00057630 and i am deeply interested in shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00224-00057632-00057950 because he does one of the things
XP24AbpSUdM-00225-00057951-00058191 i love most in literature and fiction
XP24AbpSUdM-00226-00058191-00058287 overall
XP24AbpSUdM-00227-00058288-00058630 he goes on a catabasis a catalysis
XP24AbpSUdM-00228-00058632-00058830 is a descent into the underworld i have
XP24AbpSUdM-00229-00058832-00059015 spoken about it at length
XP24AbpSUdM-00230-00059016-00059238 in one of my gaming videos that gaming
XP24AbpSUdM-00231-00059239-00059415 video is all about
XP24AbpSUdM-00232-00059416-00059735 senua's sacrifice hellblade um
XP24AbpSUdM-00233-00059736-00060135 the well-known video game by
XP24AbpSUdM-00234-00060136-00060479 ninja theory was it who did an
XP24AbpSUdM-00235-00060479-00060754 amazing work just exploring
XP24AbpSUdM-00236-00060755-00060894 schizophrenia
XP24AbpSUdM-00237-00060895-00061254 through the use of once more a catalysis
XP24AbpSUdM-00238-00061255-00061503 in much the same way shadrach who is the
XP24AbpSUdM-00239-00061504-00061566 novel's
XP24AbpSUdM-00240-00061567-00061847 opening one of quinn's men one of his
XP24AbpSUdM-00241-00061848-00061982 servants
XP24AbpSUdM-00242-00061983-00062326 one of his hired help his agents
XP24AbpSUdM-00243-00062327-00062647 in much the same way he is faced with
XP24AbpSUdM-00244-00062648-00062991 the difficult choice of facing his fears
XP24AbpSUdM-00245-00062991-00063254 and going after the woman he loves in
XP24AbpSUdM-00246-00063255-00063391 retrieving her
XP24AbpSUdM-00247-00063391-00063703 from the hell literal in figurative
XP24AbpSUdM-00248-00063704-00064054 that is the underground of venus
XP24AbpSUdM-00249-00064055-00064223 this descendant of the underworld
XP24AbpSUdM-00250-00064224-00064447 reminded me more than once
XP24AbpSUdM-00251-00064448-00064815 of the myth of orpheus and eurydice
XP24AbpSUdM-00252-00064816-00065047 in more than one way both at the
XP24AbpSUdM-00253-00065048-00065247 beginning of shadrach's
XP24AbpSUdM-00254-00065248-00065655 quest and at the end of the novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00255-00065656-00065982 there is also an element to storytelling
XP24AbpSUdM-00256-00065983-00066103 logic especially
XP24AbpSUdM-00257-00066104-00066519 later on when one of the characters uh
XP24AbpSUdM-00258-00066520-00066750 the golducks that's the one had to
XP24AbpSUdM-00259-00066751-00066982 consult my notes in that one
XP24AbpSUdM-00260-00066983-00067294 that golix creature is one of the
XP24AbpSUdM-00261-00067295-00067638 weirder things i've seen it is
XP24AbpSUdM-00262-00067639-00067943 described as a creature created by quinn
XP24AbpSUdM-00263-00067944-00068247 as a something that appeared once in
XP24AbpSUdM-00264-00068248-00068375 fairy tale
XP24AbpSUdM-00265-00068376-00068647 and it was rendered into reality by
XP24AbpSUdM-00266-00068648-00068823 queen and so it operates
XP24AbpSUdM-00267-00068824-00069135 by a fairytale logic which pervades the
XP24AbpSUdM-00268-00069136-00069238 last couple of
XP24AbpSUdM-00269-00069239-00069463 um dozen pages of the novel and of
XP24AbpSUdM-00270-00069464-00069591 course the whole
XP24AbpSUdM-00271-00069592-00069926 section of quinn's book is very much
XP24AbpSUdM-00272-00069927-00070287 a kind of struggle against this demiurge
XP24AbpSUdM-00273-00070288-00070623 much like philip k dick's um
XP24AbpSUdM-00274-00070624-00070911 malevolent damages someone like palmer
XP24AbpSUdM-00275-00070912-00071015 eldridge
XP24AbpSUdM-00276-00071016-00071215 from the thristic mother of palmer
XP24AbpSUdM-00277-00071216-00071399 eldritch all like alice from
XP24AbpSUdM-00278-00071400-00071711 flomitiers the policeman said yes i'm
XP24AbpSUdM-00279-00071712-00071862 mentioning both those books because i'm
XP24AbpSUdM-00280-00071863-00072038 writing my teasers about them and i'm
XP24AbpSUdM-00281-00072039-00072215 thinking about them all the time and i'm
XP24AbpSUdM-00282-00072216-00072350 seeing comparisons
XP24AbpSUdM-00283-00072351-00072575 and drawing comparisons to them wherever
XP24AbpSUdM-00284-00072576-00072662 i look
XP24AbpSUdM-00285-00072663-00072935 but this battle between quinn and
XP24AbpSUdM-00286-00072936-00073015 shadrach
XP24AbpSUdM-00287-00073016-00073343 is powerful it is fierce
XP24AbpSUdM-00288-00073344-00073711 and i love absolutely
XP24AbpSUdM-00289-00073712-00074038 love several of the
XP24AbpSUdM-00290-00074039-00074271 i actually i have a bunch of quotes that
XP24AbpSUdM-00291-00074272-00074471 i took pictures from i would
XP24AbpSUdM-00292-00074472-00074638 have underlined them if this book was
XP24AbpSUdM-00293-00074639-00074894 mine unfortunately it's not
XP24AbpSUdM-00294-00074895-00075150 so i either wrote them by hand in my
XP24AbpSUdM-00295-00075151-00075223 journal
XP24AbpSUdM-00296-00075224-00075550 in my channel or i just took pictures of
XP24AbpSUdM-00297-00075551-00075711 them with my phone
XP24AbpSUdM-00298-00075712-00076038 one of my favorites is
XP24AbpSUdM-00299-00076039-00076415 upon shadrach's descent into venice's
XP24AbpSUdM-00300-00076416-00076694 underground more than once some brave
XP24AbpSUdM-00301-00076695-00076894 local arm of the law
XP24AbpSUdM-00302-00076895-00077294 would stop him and ask him his business
XP24AbpSUdM-00303-00077295-00077638 among them and he would answer them with
XP24AbpSUdM-00304-00077639-00077782 the stand that corroded
XP24AbpSUdM-00305-00077783-00078087 their souls i just love that it's
XP24AbpSUdM-00306-00078088-00078391 such a strong you you you
XP24AbpSUdM-00307-00078392-00078743 absolutely immediately you know
XP24AbpSUdM-00308-00078744-00079094 the look that vandemir wants
XP24AbpSUdM-00309-00079095-00079487 to create here you have probably seen
XP24AbpSUdM-00310-00079488-00079631 this
XP24AbpSUdM-00311-00079632-00079847 or you have at the very least read about
XP24AbpSUdM-00312-00079848-00080038 it you have
XP24AbpSUdM-00313-00080039-00080343 you know exactly what
XP24AbpSUdM-00314-00080344-00080711 that look is and i i love it
XP24AbpSUdM-00315-00080712-00080991 shadrach is almost like a mortal call
XP24AbpSUdM-00316-00080992-00081119 overtaken
XP24AbpSUdM-00317-00081120-00081494 by this angelic spirit of vengeance
XP24AbpSUdM-00318-00081495-00081911 but he holds with him all his memories
XP24AbpSUdM-00319-00081912-00082271 and the next quote i'm going to read you
XP24AbpSUdM-00320-00082272-00082535 feels like excellent proof of that he
XP24AbpSUdM-00321-00082536-00082703 was not truly remorseless
XP24AbpSUdM-00322-00082704-00082975 not truly a machine rebuilt for revenge
XP24AbpSUdM-00323-00082976-00083150 he was brittle with the memories of his
XP24AbpSUdM-00324-00083151-00083238 humanity
XP24AbpSUdM-00325-00083239-00083575 and he had memories of this place
XP24AbpSUdM-00326-00083576-00083918 something about this really gets me
XP24AbpSUdM-00327-00083919-00084191 if there is if there is one point of
XP24AbpSUdM-00328-00084192-00084343 contention i would like to bring up
XP24AbpSUdM-00329-00084344-00084582 it is that the code of the novel the
XP24AbpSUdM-00330-00084583-00084711 afterwards
XP24AbpSUdM-00331-00084712-00085055 which acts as a backstory to the
XP24AbpSUdM-00332-00085056-00085399 violent demiurge i described quinn
XP24AbpSUdM-00333-00085400-00085782 it weakens the
XP24AbpSUdM-00334-00085783-00086159 character of quinn which is unfortunate
XP24AbpSUdM-00335-00086160-00086271 i think
XP24AbpSUdM-00336-00086272-00086567 that said it is not something that has
XP24AbpSUdM-00337-00086568-00086759 taken away a great deal of
XP24AbpSUdM-00338-00086760-00087047 my pleasure i just would have preferred
XP24AbpSUdM-00339-00087048-00087118 it
XP24AbpSUdM-00340-00087119-00087455 if quinn was left out
XP24AbpSUdM-00341-00087456-00087759 as this absolute figure of mystery
XP24AbpSUdM-00342-00087760-00088062 and otherworldly intellect
XP24AbpSUdM-00343-00088063-00088494 that the main body of text here
XP24AbpSUdM-00344-00088495-00088871 really manages to build him up as
XP24AbpSUdM-00345-00088872-00089223 venus underground is i'm going to repeat
XP24AbpSUdM-00346-00089224-00089311 myself
XP24AbpSUdM-00347-00089312-00089711 a flawed but excellent first novel
XP24AbpSUdM-00348-00089712-00090079 and i can see so many of vandermeer's
XP24AbpSUdM-00349-00090080-00090318 later ideas just from having read
XP24AbpSUdM-00350-00090319-00090591 annihilation
XP24AbpSUdM-00351-00090592-00090950 having already kind of put it
XP24AbpSUdM-00352-00090951-00091326 put their tentacles around his mind
XP24AbpSUdM-00353-00091327-00091750 which i think is well deserved
XP24AbpSUdM-00354-00091751-00092006 an image for anyone who writes in the
XP24AbpSUdM-00355-00092007-00092118 new weird
XP24AbpSUdM-00356-00092119-00092550 kind of tradition of science
XP24AbpSUdM-00357-00092551-00092767 should fiction read it absolutely yes
XP24AbpSUdM-00358-00092768-00092887 you should you
XP24AbpSUdM-00359-00092888-00093311 must simply get it read it enjoy it
XP24AbpSUdM-00360-00093312-00093615 and uh while you're at it don't forget
XP24AbpSUdM-00361-00093616-00093823 to subscribe to my channel
XP24AbpSUdM-00362-00093824-00094103 oops don't forget to subscribe don't
XP24AbpSUdM-00363-00094104-00094191 forget to
XP24AbpSUdM-00364-00094192-00094511 smash that like button and uh
XP24AbpSUdM-00365-00094512-00094759 it's gotten awfully dark i hope i won't
XP24AbpSUdM-00366-00094760-00094855 have to
XP24AbpSUdM-00367-00094856-00095103 destroy this piece of footage as well
XP24AbpSUdM-00368-00095104-00095303 because uh
XP24AbpSUdM-00369-00095304-00095687 no it's fine the light's good
XP24AbpSUdM-00370-00095688-00096062 it's fine anyway share this video with
XP24AbpSUdM-00371-00096063-00096223 your friends and i will see you again
XP24AbpSUdM-00372-00096224-00096318 next time
XP24AbpSUdM-00373-00096319-00096535 with probably more murderbot
XP24AbpSUdM-00374-00096536-00096671 misadventures
XP24AbpSUdM-00375-00096672-00096974 and of course some novellas to talk
XP24AbpSUdM-00376-00096975-00097079 about
XP24AbpSUdM-00377-00097080-00097318 until then i'm philip magnus and i'll
XP24AbpSUdM-00378-00097319-00097435 see you next time
XP24AbpSUdM-00379-00097436-00097736 bye
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00000-00000473-00000728 hi everyone I really hope that you've
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00001-00000729-00000970 enjoyed my power saving vlog challenge
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00002-00000971-00001148 proudly sponsored by and a collaboration
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00003-00001149-00001445 with origin energy now this is actually
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00004-00001446-00001766 my second last vlog and I am amazed as
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00005-00001767-00002026 to how much information and knowledge I
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00006-00002027-00002204 have gained from doing this challenge
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00007-00002205-00002534 I've saved so much money I am really
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00008-00002535-00002741 chuffed making much healthier habits in
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00009-00002742-00003001 the way that I consume energy and pay
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00010-00003002-00003299 for energy and use energy and I cannot
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00011-00003300-00003442 wait to share with you guys
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00012-00003443-00003653 approximately how much money I have
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00013-00003654-00003779 saved so if you haven't already
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00014-00003779-00004022 subscribed please make sure you do now I
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00015-00004022-00004235 am sitting outside the office and I have
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00016-00004236-00004513 just received my energy bill and it is
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00017-00004514-00004835 out of control I have laid down the law
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00018-00004836-00005054 or the curls in the office that we are
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00019-00005055-00005329 all going to make a conscious attitude
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00020-00005330-00005510 and approach in the way that we save
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00021-00005511-00005704 energy within the office things like
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00022-00005705-00005863 keeping the door shut and the air
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00023-00005864-00006034 conditioning or heating is on it's
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00024-00006035-00006227 making sure that all the lights and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00025-00006228-00006425 computers are switched off at the end of
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00026-00006426-00006578 the day these little things are
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00027-00006579-00006851 incredibly important and looking at
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00028-00006852-00007009 things like you know just putting on an
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00029-00007011-00007130 extra jumper instead of turning on the
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00030-00007131-00007298 heater or opening the door to let some
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00031-00007298-00007445 fresh air in instead of putting the air
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00032-00007445-00007660 conditioning on it is really important
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00033-00007661-00007873 now I am certainly not gonna sit around
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00034-00007875-00008014 and just complain about this bill I'm
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00035-00008015-00008146 going to do something about it I'm gonna
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00036-00008147-00008282 look at different options and I'm gonna
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00037-00008283-00008534 give origin energy a call to see how
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00038-00008535-00008774 much money they can save me because you
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00039-00008775-00008989 know what I'm just not taking this line
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00040-00008990-00009149 down I want to know what other options
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00041-00009150-00009331 are available where I can save some
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00042-00009332-00009410 money
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00043-00009411-00009665 now whilst I was perusing the origin
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00044-00009666-00009797 energy website looking at different
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00045-00009798-00010022 energy plans I came across a section
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00046-00010023-00010253 called power on so I had over to scroll
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00047-00010254-00010547 through it and this was really I guess
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00048-00010548-00010661 more my heart
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00049-00010662-00010868 reading as part of the origin energy
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00050-00010869-00011183 website they have a it's an option or
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00051-00011184-00011366 service to help people who get stuck
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00052-00011367-00011585 sometimes in paying their bill as much
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00053-00011586-00011756 as we all try and do the right thing and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00054-00011757-00011984 budget and stay on top of our bills and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00055-00011985-00012152 have some savings sometimes life just
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00056-00012153-00012371 throws us a curveball and occasionally
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00057-00012372-00012521 we might not be able to pay our bill on
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00058-00012522-00012725 time or we may not be able to pay our
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00059-00012726-00013111 bill in full well this power on service
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00060-00013112-00013372 option provided by origin energy has
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00061-00013374-00013516 some great initiatives to help us
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00062-00013518-00013660 through those challenging times
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00063-00013661-00013897 essentially they promise not to cut off
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00064-00013899-00014186 your energy they have flexible payment
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00065-00014187-00014408 plans they'll even help you work out any
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00066-00014409-00014558 state concessions that you might be
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00067-00014559-00014765 entitled to they can even give you a
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00068-00014766-00014972 referral for financial counselling and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00069-00014972-00015179 of course what I did myself is some help
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00070-00015180-00015401 in working out the right energy plan for
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00071-00015402-00015557 you and for your budget and for your
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00072-00015558-00015791 energy consumption now how good is that
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00073-00015791-00016063 it is nice to see that human touch
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00074-00016065-00016280 behind a big business those cool things
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00075-00016281-00016625 go a long way with me now I'm gonna give
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00076-00016626-00016877 origin energy a call right now make sure
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00077-00016878-00017042 you keep watching this vlog because I
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00078-00017043-00017200 have some really fun things to share
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00079-00017201-00017519 with you and it's probably more aware
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00080-00017520-00017750 and more passionate about saving energy
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00081-00017751-00018017 and money in this book so keep watching
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00082-00018018-00018341 it is the morning and I'm in trouble
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00083-00018342-00018731 with Rocco I left the gas fireplace
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00084-00018732-00018997 which is perfectly safe on all night
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00085-00018998-00019136 normally I would switch it off when I go
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00086-00019137-00019334 to bed so when I woke up this morning
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00087-00019335-00019514 the house was really nice and warm and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00088-00019515-00019844 toasty but Rocco told me off he told me
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00089-00019845-00020228 it was a waste of fire and of course a
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00090-00020229-00020459 waste of money however the positive is
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00091-00020460-00020666 at least we have our laundry like
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00092-00020667-00020855 hanging up around it so that it is
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00093-00020856-00021325 drying but I'm so glad to see this you
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00094-00021326-00021521 know reaction from Rocco because it
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00095-00021522-00021671 means he's started to understand the
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00096-00021672-00021788 importance of taking care of our
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00097-00021789-00021980 environment being proactive being
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00098-00021981-00022172 responsible and of course you know
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00099-00022173-00022412 respecting the opportunities to save
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00100-00022413-00022633 money and be sensible with money
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00101-00022634-00023308 good work Rocco so instead of driving
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00102-00023309-00023662 getting in a cab or getting an uber I am
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00103-00023663-00023887 walking and it's actually a really
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00104-00023888-00024077 beautiful day I'm enjoying every second
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00105-00024078-00024133 of this
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00106-00024134-00024386 thank you everyone who's been sharing
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00107-00024387-00024602 and they recycling their power saving
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00108-00024603-00024811 their money saving tip with me I cannot
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00109-00024812-00024947 tell you how much I appreciate it
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00110-00024948-00025253 I am opportunist press o to return or
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00111-00025254-00025577 recycle my espresso pod so all these
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00112-00025578-00025708 little things really do make a
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00113-00025709-00025870 difference thank you very much for
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00114-00025872-00026047 subscribing and for giving me your
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00115-00026048-00026301 feedback and
XRCyH3ZJsIQ-00116-00026302-00026907 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00000-00000678-00001379 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00001-00001380-00002302 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00002-00002303-00002783 uh
XRVwcxTapFA-00003-00002784-00004270 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00004-00004271-00004726 big
XRVwcxTapFA-00005-00004727-00005672 [Applause]
XRVwcxTapFA-00006-00005673-00006973 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00007-00006973-00008297 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00008-00008298-00009846 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00009-00009847-00011163 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00010-00011164-00012231 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00011-00012232-00012851 so
XRVwcxTapFA-00013-00016464-00017922 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00014-00017923-00018975 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00015-00018976-00020444 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00016-00020445-00021830 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00017-00021831-00023439 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00018-00023440-00023635 so
XRVwcxTapFA-00019-00023636-00025819 [Applause]
XRVwcxTapFA-00020-00025820-00026516 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00021-00026517-00027141 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00022-00027142-00028606 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00023-00028607-00029639 [Music]
XRVwcxTapFA-00024-00029639-00029847 you
XRZTcSfiB18-00000-00000068-00000353 Stanislaus National Forest as a United
XRZTcSfiB18-00001-00000354-00000674 States National Forest which manages 898
XRZTcSfiB18-00002-00000675-00000911 thousand 99 acres one thousand four
XRZTcSfiB18-00003-00000911-00001100 hundred three point three square miles
XRZTcSfiB18-00004-00001101-00001322 three thousand six hundred thirty-four
XRZTcSfiB18-00005-00001323-00001556 point five square kilometers of land in
XRZTcSfiB18-00006-00001557-00001754 four counties in the Sierra Nevada in
XRZTcSfiB18-00007-00001755-00001859 Northern California
XRZTcSfiB18-00008-00001860-00002275 it was established on February 22nd 1897
XRZTcSfiB18-00009-00002276-00002480 making it one of the oldest national
XRZTcSfiB18-00010-00002481-00002714 forests it was named after the
XRZTcSfiB18-00011-00002715-00003286 Stanislaus River
XRZTcSfiB18-00012-00003287-00003818 topic geography
XRZTcSfiB18-00013-00003819-00004065 the forest is located primarily in
XRZTcSfiB18-00014-00004065-00004293 eastern Tuolumne County adjacent to the
XRZTcSfiB18-00015-00004294-00004481 northwestern part of Yosemite National
XRZTcSfiB18-00016-00004482-00004686 Park but parts of it extend in
XRZTcSfiB18-00017-00004687-00004886 descending order of forest land area
XRZTcSfiB18-00018-00004887-00005109 into southern alpine northern Mariposa
XRZTcSfiB18-00019-00005110-00005414 and eastern Calaveras counties forest
XRZTcSfiB18-00020-00005415-00005600 headquarters are located in Sonora
XRZTcSfiB18-00021-00005601-00005834 California there are local Ranger
XRZTcSfiB18-00022-00005835-00006050 District offices in Groveland Hathaway
XRZTcSfiB18-00023-00006051-00006353 Pines me wuk Village and Pine Crest
XRZTcSfiB18-00024-00006354-00006536 the emigrant wilderness is located
XRZTcSfiB18-00025-00006537-00006809 entirely within its boundaries portions
XRZTcSfiB18-00026-00006811-00006971 of the Carson iceburg wilderness
XRZTcSfiB18-00027-00006972-00007163 including the Dardanelles cone and the
XRZTcSfiB18-00028-00007164-00007364 Mokelumne wilderness are also within the
XRZTcSfiB18-00029-00007365-00008027 Stanislaus National Forest
XRZTcSfiB18-00030-00008028-00008544 topic features
XRZTcSfiB18-00031-00008545-00009042 it contains 78 lakes and 811 miles 1300
XRZTcSfiB18-00032-00009043-00009402 5.2 kilometres of rivers and streams it
XRZTcSfiB18-00033-00009403-00009846 has 1,100 miles 1770 point three
XRZTcSfiB18-00034-00009847-00010074 kilometers of non-motorized trails in
XRZTcSfiB18-00035-00010075-00010238 two thousand eight hundred fifty nine
XRZTcSfiB18-00036-00010239-00010538 miles four thousand six hundred 1.1
XRZTcSfiB18-00037-00010539-00010863 kilometers of roads 188 miles three
XRZTcSfiB18-00038-00010864-00011058 hundred two point six kilometers of
XRZTcSfiB18-00039-00011059-00011374 which are paved the forest contains some
XRZTcSfiB18-00040-00011375-00011777 139 thousand acres 560 square kilometers
XRZTcSfiB18-00041-00011778-00011991 of old-growth which includes lodgepole
XRZTcSfiB18-00042-00011992-00012270 pine pinus contorta jeffrey pine pinus
XRZTcSfiB18-00043-00012271-00013005 jeffrey and white fir abies concolor
XRZTcSfiB18-00044-00013006-00013533 topic recreation
XRZTcSfiB18-00045-00013534-00013743 the proximity of the Stanislaus National
XRZTcSfiB18-00046-00013744-00013980 Forest to the San Francisco Bay Area
XRZTcSfiB18-00047-00013981-00014183 makes it a popular recreation
XRZTcSfiB18-00048-00014184-00014438 destination the volcanic and granite
XRZTcSfiB18-00049-00014440-00014652 formations in the wilderness are exist
XRZTcSfiB18-00050-00014653-00014868 alongside heavy cattle grazing a shock
XRZTcSfiB18-00051-00014869-00015168 to many backpackers whitewater rafting
XRZTcSfiB18-00052-00015169-00015341 and kayaking can be found in the wild
XRZTcSfiB18-00053-00015343-00015549 and scenic Tuolumne River and Cherry
XRZTcSfiB18-00054-00015550-00015804 Creek other rivers flowing out of the
XRZTcSfiB18-00055-00015805-00016022 Stanislas include the claw V River the
XRZTcSfiB18-00056-00016023-00016194 Stanislaus river and the Merced River
XRZTcSfiB18-00057-00016194-00016508 along the southern boundary to ski
XRZTcSfiB18-00058-00016509-00016680 resorts Dodge Ridge and Bear Valley
XRZTcSfiB18-00059-00016681-00017436 operate here under a special use permit
XRZTcSfiB18-00060-00017437-00018057 topic 2013 rimfire
XRZTcSfiB18-00061-00018058-00018264 the rim fire was ignited on the
XRZTcSfiB18-00062-00018265-00018486 Stanislaus National Forest in August
XRZTcSfiB18-00063-00018487-00018723 2013 and eventually grew to become the
XRZTcSfiB18-00064-00018724-00018953 third largest fire in California history
XRZTcSfiB18-00065-00018954-00019224 the fire was named after the rim of the
XRZTcSfiB18-00066-00019225-00019448 world Vista on California State Route
XRZTcSfiB18-00067-00019449-00020221 125 was initially reported
XRZTcSfiB18-00068-00020222-00020764 topic C also
XRZTcSfiB18-00069-00020765-00021116 ecology of the Sierra Nevada list of
XRZTcSfiB18-00070-00021117-00021455 plants of the Sierra Nevada u.s. index
XRZTcSfiB18-00071-00021456-00021808 fonda of the sierra nevada us
XRZTcSfiB18-00072-00021809-00022097 Calaveras Big Tree National Forest
XRZTcSfiB18-00073-00022098-00022361 historical
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00000-00000079-00001623 that was that true
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00002-00005684-00006043 oh
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00003-00006044-00006229 [Applause]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00004-00006230-00006465 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00005-00006466-00006709 [Applause]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00006-00006709-00008483 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00007-00008484-00008599 now
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00008-00008600-00009883 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00009-00009884-00010167 yes
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00010-00010168-00011283 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00011-00011284-00012053 oh
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00012-00012054-00014083 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00013-00014084-00014693 oh
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00014-00014694-00015483 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00015-00015484-00016200 uh
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00016-00016201-00016630 [Music]
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00017-00016631-00017294 with the fans
XVV7Vs9v1pA-00018-00017295-00017504 you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00000-00000102-00000269 what were you and your team able to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00001-00000270-00000515 piece together about Alma's last known
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00002-00000516-00000827 whereabouts
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00003-00000827-00001211 met up with some friends
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00004-00001212-00001439 the last anyone saw Alma was when she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00005-00001440-00001745 climbed into a friend's truck
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00006-00001746-00001960 said I dropped her off I offered to walk
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00007-00001961-00002176 her to the door she said no and that's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00008-00002177-00002713 the last I saw a valve
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00009-00002714-00003023 they wanted answers their marches they
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00010-00003024-00003311 were organized search parties the media
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00011-00003311-00003490 covered all of that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00012-00003492-00003761 which is hasn't been on Facebook she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00013-00003761-00004067 wasn't on her Snapchat this is not
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00014-00004068-00004227 normal I love
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00015-00004228-00004469 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00016-00004470-00004799 a gentleman overheard a couple of men
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00017-00004800-00005099 speaking about Alma and the human
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00018-00005100-00005356 trafficking scenario one of the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00019-00005357-00005585 gentleman's Brothers had her kidnapped
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00020-00005586-00005938 and sold her into a sex ring
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00021-00005939-00006191 when that lead was investigated
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00022-00006192-00006454 observed at a hotel up in Chicago
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00023-00006455-00006755 but now we're crossing state lines
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00024-00006756-00006964 he pointed to an area and said she's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00025-00006965-00007331 over there and I got out of the car and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00026-00007331-00007510 you've ever smelled death you'll never
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00027-00007511-00007677 forget it
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00028-00007678-00008207 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00029-00008208-00008483 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00030-00008484-00008903 hi I'm Paula Zahn and tonight we're on
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00031-00008904-00009239 the case in South Bend Indiana the city
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00032-00009240-00009449 best known as the home of the University
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00033-00009450-00009749 of Notre Dame became the setting for an
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00034-00009750-00010096 alarming mystery when 22 year old Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00035-00010097-00010421 Del real vanished Without a Trace
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00036-00010422-00010667 as police said the young woman's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00037-00010668-00010967 devastated family began a desperate
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00038-00010968-00011267 search to find her they never could have
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00039-00011268-00011524 imagined the series of high-tech Clues
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00040-00011525-00011813 it would take to uncover the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00041-00011814-00012035 heartbreaking truth
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00042-00012036-00012460 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00043-00012461-00012802 April 14th a lagunas called South Bend
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00044-00012803-00013180 Police to report that her niece Alma Del
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00045-00013181-00013516 real was missing Susanna told
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00046-00013518-00013788 investigators the reliable and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00047-00013790-00014075 career-oriented 22 year old who worked
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00048-00014076-00014363 at Wells Fargo bank had not shown up for
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00049-00014363-00014686 work on either Monday or Tuesday of that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00050-00014687-00014777 week
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00051-00014778-00015041 what was your reaction when you heard
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00052-00015041-00015353 Alma had missed two days of work in a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00053-00015354-00015569 row I was like something is wrong here
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00054-00015569-00015827 she never misses anything she's always
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00055-00015828-00016044 so responsible she just got a promotion
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00056-00016045-00016786 something has to be completely off
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00057-00016787-00017086 or heard from her in days
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00058-00017087-00017399 when was the last time you saw Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00059-00017400-00017897 Friday April 11 is when I saw her last
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00060-00017898-00018155 can't call me in the morning and she has
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00061-00018156-00018436 a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00062-00018437-00018749 break instead of you know going out I
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00063-00018750-00018941 actually made the coffee at home and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00064-00018942-00019499 brought her to her job
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00065-00019500-00019739 closest to almost shared Susanna's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00066-00019740-00019997 concerns including her friend and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00067-00019998-00020344 colleague at the bank Myra Marcus
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00068-00020345-00020689 I tried calling her several times
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00069-00020690-00021071 and left her voicemails didn't know what
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00070-00021072-00021419 was going on we were very wary the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00071-00021420-00021629 conversations with almost Inner Circle
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00072-00021630-00022013 only added to Susanna's anxiety
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00073-00022014-00022355 Alma would normally be in constant
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00074-00022356-00022577 contact with everyone she knew through
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00075-00022578-00022913 social media but all of her accounts had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00076-00022914-00023267 been silent since late Saturday night
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00077-00023268-00023494 just hasn't been on Facebook she hasn't
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00078-00023495-00023764 posted anything she wasn't on her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00079-00023765-00024244 Snapchat nobody has heard from her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00080-00024245-00024905 this is not normal at all
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00081-00024906-00025157 but perhaps the most disturbing news
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00082-00025158-00025463 came fugo but when Crystal arrived to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00083-00025464-00025727 pick up Alma on Sunday morning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00084-00025727-00026052 she was nowhere to be found
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00085-00026054-00026339 you know she never answered the door I
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00086-00026339-00026968 went to the conference by myself
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00087-00026969-00027262 Susanna reported the disturbing sequence
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00088-00027263-00027455 of events to police
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00089-00027456-00027712 detective Jennifer Goebel was assigned
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00090-00027713-00027970 to Alma's missing persons case
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00091-00027972-00028223 what time was she supposed to leave for
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00092-00028224-00028540 Chicago around 9 30 was when she was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00093-00028541-00029123 supposed to leave
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00094-00029124-00029387 Alma's friend Crystal told the detective
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00095-00029388-00029711 and the whole day there
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00096-00029712-00029927 his friend came to the house rang the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00097-00029927-00030137 doorbell knocked on all the windows and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00098-00030138-00030323 there was no answer and that's when she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00099-00030324-00030451 really became worried
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00100-00030452-00030946 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00101-00030947-00031289 despite the puzzling Clues detective
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00102-00031289-00031529 Goble still wasn't convinced there was a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00103-00031530-00031679 cause for alarm
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00104-00031680-00031973 we get missing person reports quite
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00105-00031974-00032249 often a lot of times someone wanted to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00106-00032250-00032399 kind of disappear or wanted to get away
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00107-00032400-00032602 from their problems they just kind of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00108-00032603-00032849 lay low for a couple of days and then
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00109-00032850-00033077 show back up when you went to Alma's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00110-00033078-00033323 house did you see any signs of a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00111-00033324-00033665 break-in the door was locked and so roll
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00112-00033666-00033893 the room with clothes and makeup and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00113-00033894-00034157 hair accessories all over the place
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00114-00034158-00034457 but there were items missing that added
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00115-00034458-00034655 to the mystery
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00116-00034656-00034907 were you able to find her phone in her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00117-00034908-00035590 home not the phone that she was using
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00118-00035591-00035896 did you find her purse no but her bank
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00119-00035897-00036107 cards were still in her room her ID was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00120-00036108-00036389 still in her room it was just very very
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00121-00036390-00036724 confusing to figure out like where the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00122-00036725-00036865 foul play was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00123-00036866-00037529 if there was at the time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00124-00037530-00037973 foreign
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00125-00037974-00038212 they discovered the last time she had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00126-00038213-00038440 been seen was in the wee hours of Sunday
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00127-00038441-00038567 morning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00128-00038568-00038824 Alma and a group of friends had been out
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00129-00038825-00039155 all night having fun
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00130-00039156-00039335 he met up with some friends at Brother's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00131-00039336-00039659 Bar from there they ended up leaving and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00132-00039660-00040024 heading out to Studio Rumba
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00133-00040025-00040421 where they basically danced all night
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00134-00040422-00040655 did her friends say anything happened at
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00135-00040656-00040985 the bar that was unusual that night she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00136-00040986-00041290 was just her normal very social self
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00137-00041291-00041543 hanging out with her friends and having
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00138-00041544-00041746 a good time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00139-00041747-00042017 after the club closed Alma had gotten a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00140-00042018-00042179 warning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00141-00042180-00042502 it appeared that no one had heard from
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00142-00042503-00042683 her since
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00143-00042684-00042935 but as investigators analyzed that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00144-00042936-00043211 timeline further the mysterious
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00145-00043212-00043540 disappearance of Alma Del real took its
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00146-00043541-00044880 first dark term
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00147-00044881-00045157 thank you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00148-00045158-00045539 22 year old Alma Del real seemed to have
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00149-00045540-00045874 simply disappeared the popular and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00150-00045875-00046102 well-respected young woman had last been
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00151-00046103-00046301 seen during a night of banished from
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00152-00046302-00046445 social media
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00153-00046446-00046715 while her family and friends began a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00154-00046716-00046990 desperate search to find her detectives
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00155-00046991-00047285 were still looking for a clue that might
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00156-00047286-00047927 help them Focus their investigation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00157-00047928-00048215 South Bend Indiana police had a solid
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00158-00048216-00048418 theory about the time frame in which
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00159-00048419-00048749 almadel real had gone missing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00160-00048750-00049012 from good friend Alberto had dropped her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00161-00049013-00049318 off at home around 3 15 in the morning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00162-00049319-00049655 but she was nowhere to be found just six
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00163-00049656-00049912 hours later when she was supposed to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00164-00049913-00050140 leave for a cosmetology conference in
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00165-00050141-00050752 Chicago
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00166-00050753-00051023 detective Jennifer Goebel listened
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00167-00051024-00051490 carefully to the details of his story
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00168-00051491-00051730 what did he tell you about that night he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00169-00051732-00051982 said that he dropped her off
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00170-00051983-00052246 and he had asked her if she wanted him
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00171-00052247-00052469 to walk her to the door
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00172-00052470-00052763 she declined and then he said once you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00173-00052764-00052979 got out of the truck they never actually
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00174-00052979-00053653 saw her go inside the house
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00175-00053654-00053938 Alberto claimed he had been exhausted
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00176-00053939-00054173 and went straight to bed when he got
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00177-00054174-00054503 home but he did reveal that while he was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00178-00054504-00054742 making that short drop it was shortly
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00179-00054744-00054959 after he said that he had left
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00180-00054960-00055115 Within
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00181-00055116-00055780 five seven minutes
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00182-00055782-00056099 time Alberto said he hadn't thought
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00183-00056100-00056441 s about ignoring Alma's call he claimed
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00184-00056441-00056663 that he thought that she would just want
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00185-00056664-00056921 to go get something to eat he was tired
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00186-00056922-00057161 and wanted to go home but now he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00187-00057162-00057413 wondered if not answering the FaceTime
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00188-00057414-00057730 had been a tragic mistake
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00189-00057732-00058025 could almost call had been a desperate
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00190-00058026-00058300 attempt to warn her friend that she was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00191-00058301-00058753 in trouble
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00192-00058754-00059009 investigate did they line up with his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00193-00059010-00059266 stories everything lined up when his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00194-00059267-00059471 phone last pinged it was in the vicinity
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00195-00059472-00059891 of his house there was no kind of ink in
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00196-00059891-00060209 his story
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00197-00060210-00060550 still Alberto's account raised troubling
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00198-00060551-00060809 possibilities
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00199-00060810-00061085 had Alma been attacked as he was driving
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00200-00061086-00061426 away
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00201-00061427-00061769 or could a predator have been inside her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00202-00061770-00062423 home waiting for her that morning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00203-00062424-00062644 has attempted to retrace the young
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00204-00062645-00062897 woman's steps that night speaking with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00205-00062898-00063209 staff and paid floor and they noted she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00206-00063210-00063419 had a lot of admirers
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00207-00063420-00063707 Alma was gorgeous
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00208-00063708-00063971 a lot of people would buy her a drink or
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00209-00063972-00064204 talk to her or dance with her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00210-00064205-00064487 but police weren't able to identify
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00211-00064488-00064750 anyone who would threatened Alma or
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00212-00064751-00064991 might have followed the young woman home
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00213-00064991-00065242 we weren't able to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00214-00065244-00065519 really find any further suspects based
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00215-00065520-00065591 on
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00216-00065592-00066106 what patrons and the owners had seen
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00217-00066107-00066473 thank you meanwhile authorities were
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00218-00066474-00066731 also searching Alma's Financial records
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00219-00066732-00067013 hoping they might provide a clue about
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00220-00067014-00067187 her disappearance
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00221-00067188-00067531 two days prior to her going missing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00222-00067532-00067817 investigators did a deep dive into
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00223-00067818-00068075 Alma's social media postings and chats
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00224-00068076-00068375 looking for evidence that someone might
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00225-00068376-00068693 have wanted to hurt the young woman
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00226-00068694-00068873 I can't tell you the number of search
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00227-00068874-00069023 warrants that I wrote for Snapchat
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00228-00069024-00069388 Facebook Kik WhatsApp to find anything
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00229-00069389-00069755 in her Communications online no we ended
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00230-00069756-00070465 up not finding anything
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00231-00070466-00070769 detectives were now convinced that Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00232-00070770-00070931 Del Rio
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00233-00070932-00071227 had met with Foul Play
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00234-00071228-00071405 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00235-00071406-00071705 ERS that were growing darker with each
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00236-00071706-00071837 passing hour
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00237-00071838-00072053 police always talk about how critical
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00238-00072054-00072329 time is in solving these missing persons
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00239-00072330-00072694 cases as the days went by
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00240-00072695-00073061 with no sightings of Alma did you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00241-00073062-00073313 intensely feel that Race Against Time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00242-00073314-00073523 yes
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00243-00073524-00073709 definitely if you don't find somebody
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00244-00073710-00073853 within two days it's because they're
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00245-00073854-00074099 already dead but we were not ready to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00246-00074100-00074363 accept that at all
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00247-00074364-00074681 in fact almost family and friends were
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00248-00074682-00074938 doing whatever they could to see that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00249-00074939-00075185 she was returned home safely
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00250-00075186-00075503 they mobilized a massive campaign to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00251-00075504-00075785 bring attention towards on the case and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00252-00075786-00076121 their tremendous efforts paid off dozens
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00253-00076122-00076456 of tips poured in including one that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00254-00076457-00076769 became the first important lead of the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00255-00076770-00076843 investigation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00256-00076844-00077965 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00257-00077966-00078197 thank you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00258-00078198-00078515 South Bend Indiana police intensified
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00259-00078516-00078797 their search for 22 year old Alma Del
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00260-00078798-00079073 real the young woman had gone missing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00261-00079074-00079421 after a late night out with friends as
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00262-00079422-00079715 detectives poured over each detail of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00263-00079716-00079881 the young woman's Eve look on
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00264-00079882-00080512 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00265-00080513-00080771 Alma Del real had been the bright light
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00266-00080772-00081029 of her family she had come to the United
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00267-00081030-00081311 States from Mexico when she was just 10
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00268-00081312-00081653 years old from that tender age on she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00269-00081654-00081959 had been raised by her grandparents as
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00270-00081960-00082253 she grew up her aunt Susanna had always
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00271-00082254-00082625 kept a watchful eye on her niece she was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00272-00082626-00082823 used like the younger sister in the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00273-00082824-00083069 house she was independent she was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00274-00083070-00083494 outgoing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00275-00083495-00083753 by the time she was 15
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00276-00083754-00083999 Oma had an after-school job trying to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00277-00084000-00084238 help love a theater that shaped her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00278-00084239-00084532 plans for her future
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00279-00084533-00084761 what was she interested in one of her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00280-00084762-00084961 dreams was to be an actress
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00281-00084962-00085373 but soon Alma became just as fascinated
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00282-00085374-00085612 by the behind the scenes work of a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00283-00085613-00086094 makeup artist
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00284-00086095-00086393 she wanted to do those things it was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00285-00086394-00087035 kind of her passion
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00286-00087036-00087335 was also a well-respected employee of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00287-00087336-00087611 the local well Wells Fargo Bank her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00288-00087612-00087917 position as a teller allowed her to save
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00289-00087918-00088331 money for college but despite hurries
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00290-00088332-00088541 she had a heart that was made out of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00291-00088542-00088835 gold she was always there and she would
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00292-00088836-00089044 always tell me I'm only a call away I'm
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00293-00089045-00089249 only a text away
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00294-00089250-00089615 oh
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00295-00089616-00089879 the tight-knit relationships Alma had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00296-00089880-00090137 made it impossible for her loved ones to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00297-00090138-00090406 believe she had suddenly decided to run
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00298-00090407-00090563 away
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00299-00090564-00090768 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00300-00090769-00091085 they banded together to make sure that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00301-00091086-00091312 the community understood their
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00302-00091313-00091588 determination to find Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00303-00091589-00091906 as the days went by as you fear she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00304-00091907-00092399 might not ever be found yes
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00305-00092400-00092717 you're living this whole situation but
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00306-00092718-00092932 then everybody else around you are
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00307-00092933-00093388 living their normal lives
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00308-00093389-00093712 and Susanna's pain resonated with nearly
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00309-00093713-00093991 everyone who heard Alma's story
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00310-00093992-00094391 including the investigators on the case
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00311-00094392-00094750 what kind of impact did the news of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00312-00094751-00094894 Alma's disappearance have on the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00313-00094895-00095176 community in my opinion a ton there were
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00314-00095177-00095375 marches there were organized search
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00315-00095376-00095531 parties
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00316-00095532-00095825 raising money for reward the media
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00317-00095826-00096125 covered all of that and so that added to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00318-00096126-00096599 the pressure they wanted answers as well
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00319-00096600-00096815 ominous lead was brought to the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00320-00096816-00097115 attention of law enforcement a witness
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00321-00097116-00097426 reported that Alma might have been the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00322-00097427-00097847 victim of an interstate kidnapping
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00323-00097848-00098129 special agent Tom Weber was assigned to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00324-00098130-00098305 investigate
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00325-00098306-00098656 why was the FBI brought into the case we
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00326-00098657-00098800 normally wouldn't help with a missing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00327-00098801-00099100 person but we do do human trafficking
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00328-00099101-00099275 there was a witness that came forward
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00329-00099276-00099593 this was said that she was in Ohio
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00330-00099594-00099856 the witness claimed to have overheard a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00331-00099857-00100115 group of men discussing Alma's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00332-00100116-00100426 kidnapping at a local Kmart
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00333-00100427-00100594 he had been there and actually had heard
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00334-00100595-00100841 five gentlemen talking about Alma and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00335-00100842-00101143 soldering to a sex ring
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00336-00101144-00101524 it was a stunning allegation did that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00337-00101525-00101843 seem plausible how can you deny an
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00338-00101844-00102065 accusation that serious at that point
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00339-00102066-00102604 that's all we had to go on
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00340-00102605-00102863 the tempster tool police that one of the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00341-00102864-00103121 men had even claimed to have seen Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00342-00103122-00103458 where she was being held captive
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00343-00103459-00103739 investigators immediately began to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00344-00103740-00104080 aggressively follow up on the lead
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00345-00104081-00104278 how did you even begin to track down
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00346-00104279-00104477 those men the witness knew one of them
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00347-00104478-00104627 and then looking through that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00348-00104628-00104825 individual's Facebook page we were able
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00349-00104826-00105107 to identify the five of them and my own
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00350-00105108-00105407 the cell phone records cast doubt on the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00351-00105408-00105719 claims that tipster had overheard they
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00352-00105720-00106186 never left the area at all
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00353-00106188-00106523 but just as the FBI prepared to dismiss
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00354-00106524-00106804 the possibility Alma had been kidnapped
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00355-00106805-00107128 a second lead was reported that appeared
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00356-00107129-00107266 to be related
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00357-00107267-00107543 another call came in to police this one
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00358-00107544-00107813 from Illinois what did that tipster have
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00359-00107814-00108023 to say tipster said that they had seen
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00360-00108024-00108502 Alma at a hotel in a suburb of Chicago
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00361-00108503-00108743 and that a gentleman was kind of hiding
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00362-00108744-00108971 her against her will that hotel was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00363-00108972-00109199 known for prostitution
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00364-00109200-00109451 do increasing the visibility of the case
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00365-00109452-00109781 might finally be paying off
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00366-00109782-00109949 the family had put so much information
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00367-00109950-00110134 out to the media and even reached people
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00368-00110135-00110569 in Illinois
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00369-00110570-00110902 fearing that Alma Del Rio was in serious
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00370-00110903-00111233 danger agent Tom Webber and detective
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00371-00111233-00111551 Jen Goble raced to Chicago they could
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00372-00111552-00111827 only hope they arrived there in time to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00373-00111828-00113040 save the young woman
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00374-00113041-00113290 thank you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00375-00113291-00113615 South Bend Police 22 year old Alma Del
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00376-00113616-00114034 real a tipster reported that Alma had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00377-00114035-00114304 been kidnapped by a sex trafficking ring
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00378-00114305-00114658 then a second call gave police the name
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00379-00114659-00114904 of an Illinois hotel where the young
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00380-00114905-00115216 woman had been seen the report indicated
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00381-00115217-00115565 she was being held captive inside one of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00382-00115566-00115960 its rooms now as detectives raced to the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00383-00115961-00116213 scene they hoped they could rescue the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00384-00116214-00116531 young woman before it was too late
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00385-00116532-00116999 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00386-00117000-00117251 had been missed
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00387-00117252-00117490 when detective Jennifer Goebel and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00388-00117491-00117766 special agent Tom Webb was in danger at
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00389-00117767-00118073 a Chicago area Hotel
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00390-00118074-00118343 tipster said that they had seen Alma
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00391-00118344-00118534 they figured that somebody was holding
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00392-00118535-00118775 there against her will and that hotel is
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00393-00118776-00119110 known for prostitution
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00394-00119111-00119410 traveled to Chicago to pull video
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00395-00119411-00119927 surveillance from the hotels
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00396-00119928-00120227 special agent Weber and detective Goble
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00397-00120228-00120449 asked the hotel manager to review
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00398-00120450-00120743 videotape from the time when Alma was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00399-00120744-00121031 spotted then they learned that the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00400-00121032-00121234 incident had already been investigated
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00401-00121235-00121421 by local police
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00402-00121422-00121636 we spoke with a detective that was there
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00403-00121638-00121960 the detective was actually familiar to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00404-00121961-00122189 check on a disturbance that closely
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00405-00122190-00122416 matched the one reported by the tipster
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00406-00122417-00122621 in Indiana
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00407-00122622-00122813 we showed him the picture of Alma he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00408-00122814-00122945 said well yeah that looks just like the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00409-00122946-00123299 girl
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00410-00123300-00123482 that's not her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00411-00123483-00123899 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00412-00123900-00124210 then the local detective explained why
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00413-00124211-00124516 he was so certain he actually knew the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00414-00124517-00124793 young woman by name she's a frequent
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00415-00124794-00125057 runaway that we always deal with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00416-00125058-00125333 that room had been raided and they knew
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00417-00125333-00125704 that female as a local
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00418-00125705-00125860 one of the chances that this police
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00419-00125861-00125999 officer would actually have been
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00420-00126000-00126125 familiar
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00421-00126126-00126310 it saved us a lot of time we were
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00422-00126311-00126623 confident that was not Alma at the hotel
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00423-00126624-00126947 the lead was another disappointing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00424-00126948-00127060 setback
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00425-00127061-00127228 where did that leave the investigation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00426-00127229-00127845 at that point we were back to square one
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00427-00127846-00128297 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00428-00128298-00128663 I lie awaken in bed at night just trying
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00429-00128664-00128843 to think what am I missing here I had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00430-00128844-00129040 nothing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00431-00129041-00129304 no physical evidence not even
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00432-00129305-00129545 circumstantial evidence I had exhausted
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00433-00129546-00129821 every single possible lead and spoken to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00434-00129822-00130073 every single possible person that had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00435-00130074-00130301 some sort of relationship with all
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00436-00130302-00130552 every scenario that played out in the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00437-00130553-00130775 minds of the other investigators LED
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00438-00130776-00131104 them to the same conclusion we just need
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00439-00131105-00131416 to look at this all over again you keep
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00440-00131417-00131543 circling back
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00441-00131544-00131893 who was the last person she was with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00442-00131894-00132125 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00443-00132126-00132623 it's Alberto
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00444-00132624-00132904 almost good friend had supported her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00445-00132905-00133145 family throughout the searches and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00446-00133146-00133469 complied with every request police had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00447-00133470-00133793 made of it any time that I would ask him
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00448-00133794-00134128 to come in he would come in he was very
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00449-00134129-00134614 cooperative
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00450-00134615-00134878 time detectives asked Alberto to walk
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00451-00134879-00135107 them through those last moments with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00452-00135108-00135478 Alma his account never wavered
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00453-00135479-00135683 you're the last person to be with it
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00454-00135684-00135821 right
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00455-00135822-00135995 so that's the first person that we start
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00456-00135996-00136139 with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00457-00136140-00136366 stuck to the same story that he dropped
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00458-00136367-00136854 her off that was the last he saw her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00459-00136855-00137189 but this time detective Goble noticed
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00460-00137190-00137507 one small seemingly inconsequential
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00461-00137508-00137873 detail had shifted
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00462-00137874-00138101 it was about the FaceTime call he had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00463-00138102-00138499 received from Alma on his drive home
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00464-00138500-00138719 Alberto had eat
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00465-00138720-00139054 now the reason had changed
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00466-00139055-00139325 what was version two version two was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00467-00139326-00139595 that he had his radio up and he either
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00468-00139596-00139745 wasn't paying attention or didn't hear
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00469-00139746-00139973 it why was that such a big deal because
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00470-00139974-00140140 that is the only thing in his story that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00471-00140141-00140561 changed it just seemed odd the small
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00472-00140562-00140951 detail haunted detective Goble I went
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00473-00140952-00141166 back and forth about this face time how
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00474-00141167-00141371 do you know something didn't happen you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00475-00141372-00141611 didn't check up with her why didn't he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00476-00141612-00142228 answer that call
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00477-00142229-00142516 detective Goble was determined to get an
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00478-00142517-00142745 answer to that nagging question
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00479-00142746-00142997 at that point completely eliminate you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00480-00142998-00143327 any kind of suspect did he agree to take
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00481-00143328-00143566 one he did
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00482-00143567-00143825 during the polygraph investigators also
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00483-00143826-00144101 hope to take a second more extensive
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00484-00144102-00144419 look at Alberto's cell phone I said can
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00485-00144420-00144575 we look at this information again just
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00486-00144576-00144851 to verify his story do you mind if they
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00487-00144852-00145013 look at your phone again is that a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00488-00145014-00145116 problem
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00489-00145117-00145433 they said they'd looked at my phone
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00490-00145434-00145654 I'd like to go through it
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00491-00145655-00145901 is that okay I mean I'll give it right
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00492-00145902-00146123 back to you I don't mind but for what
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00493-00146124-00146339 reason just to do a complete scan of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00494-00146340-00146554 your phone okay you know both of my
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00495-00146555-00147016 phone that's fine
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00496-00147017-00147361 Alberto from suspicion once and for all
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00497-00147362-00147701 instead what those tests discovered only
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00498-00147702-00147989 deepen the mystery of what really
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00499-00147990-00149263 happened to Alma Del Rio
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00500-00149264-00149514 thank you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00501-00149515-00149825 after several promising leads failed to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00502-00149826-00149928 pan out
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00503-00149929-00150173 investigators working on the mysterious
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00504-00150174-00150466 disappearance of Alma Del Riel decided
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00505-00150467-00150766 to start over that meant having another
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00506-00150767-00150978 conversation with Alma's good friend
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00507-00150979-00151387 Alberto Cruz the lettid ever so slightly
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00508-00151388-00151763 it forced detectives to re-evaluate
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00509-00151764-00152452 everything they knew about the case
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00510-00152453-00152776 after Alberto Cruz changed a small
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00511-00152777-00153047 detail in his account of why he hadn't
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00512-00153048-00153323 answered a FaceTime call from Alma on
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00513-00153324-00153569 the morning she disappeared detective
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00514-00153570-00154001 Goble began to question his entire alibi
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00515-00154002-00154385 Cruz agreed to take a polygraph Goble
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00516-00154386-00154613 knew the outcome of the exam would play
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00517-00154614-00154931 a critical role in how the investigation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00518-00154932-00155093 moved forward
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00519-00155094-00155333 what were the results of the test are
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00520-00155334-00155987 you as untruthful the suspect category
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00521-00155988-00156304 and when Sergeant Chad gobin finished a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00522-00156305-00156569 second much more methodical analysis of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00523-00156570-00156809 Cruz's cell phone investigator
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00524-00156810-00157085 suspicions only deepened
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00525-00157086-00157354 the GPS records obtained from his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00526-00157355-00157645 phone's location services applications
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00527-00157646-00157954 revealed information that contradicted
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00528-00157955-00158243 much of what he had told police his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00529-00158244-00158381 phone told me a little different story
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00530-00158382-00158543 than what he had been telling the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00531-00158544-00158681 investigators
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00532-00158682-00158993 Alberto originally claimed he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00533-00158994-00159245 immediately left almost home after
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00534-00159246-00159514 dropping her off around 3 15 that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00535-00159515-00159623 morning
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00536-00159624-00159881 actually stayed at the house for more
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00537-00159882-00160325 than two hours after he arrived
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00538-00160326-00160504 the second time We examined his phone we
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00539-00160505-00160678 found out that he was lying he stayed at
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00540-00160679-00160895 Alma's house until about 5 35 in the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00541-00160896-00161393 morning it was a bombshell revelation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00542-00161394-00161728 the new data showed that Cruz then made
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00543-00161729-00162101 a long drive out into the rural Indiana
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00544-00162102-00162347 Countryside
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00545-00162348-00162551 it drove 40 miles south of Culver
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00546-00162552-00162749 Indiana where he stayed in between two
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00547-00162750-00163402 cell towers for approximately an hour
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00548-00163403-00163649 stunning new timeline and cover-up of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00549-00163650-00163943 his whereabouts suddenly an explanation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00550-00163944-00164152 for why he was on the road at that time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00551-00164153-00164357 at that point no he knew he was lying to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00552-00164358-00164525 us
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00553-00164526-00164825 that was the aha moment like how do you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00554-00164826-00165027 wiggle out of this
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00555-00165028-00165275 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00556-00165276-00165563 special agent Tom Weber confronted Cruz
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00557-00165564-00165821 with the evidence that shattered his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00558-00165822-00165928 alibi
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00559-00165929-00166163 what do you want me to tell you we left
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00560-00166164-00166402 Monday I believed every word you told me
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00561-00166403-00166607 but now you know but then when we
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00562-00166608-00166757 started looking at the phone stuff a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00563-00166758-00167039 record show you're somewhere else
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00564-00167040-00167339 how can I believe you I'm telling you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00565-00167340-00167590 I'm telling you the honest truth not one
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00566-00167591-00167764 of those results the phone can't lie you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00567-00167765-00168031 can't lie
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00568-00168032-00168754 to stick to his story nothing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00569-00168755-00168989 I can't believe that though I can't
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00570-00168990-00169145 because there's something someone
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00571-00169146-00169451 different okay bro
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00572-00169452-00169925 prove it that um
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00573-00169926-00170249 yes I have to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00574-00170250-00170423 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00575-00170424-00170740 he went from very cool and relaxed to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00576-00170741-00170957 the fight or flight mechanism that we
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00577-00170958-00171107 see when people are confronted with
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00578-00171108-00171316 being caught it was what we call a shock
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00579-00171317-00171551 response
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00580-00171552-00171947 still Cruz refused to confess to the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00581-00171948-00172140 crime
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00582-00172141-00172459 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00583-00172460-00172702 I don't know nothing about
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00584-00172703-00172859 was that the point at which you asked
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00585-00172860-00173176 him did you kill Alma yeah yeah and and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00586-00173177-00173471 he denied it he denied anything having
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00587-00173472-00173735 any involvement whatsoever
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00588-00173736-00173963 Cruz became emotional
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00589-00173964-00174281 special agent Weber patiently explained
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00590-00174282-00174526 how this cell phone evidence had proved
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00591-00174527-00174826 that everything he had told police had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00592-00174827-00174989 been a lie
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00593-00174990-00175301 he started to tear up and asked everyone
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00594-00175302-00175504 else to leave the room do you think that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00595-00175505-00175739 that was the first time during the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00596-00175740-00175883 interrogation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00597-00175884-00176123 where he finally knew you had him I
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00598-00176124-00176423 believe so
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00599-00176424-00176704 that the interrogation had reached a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00600-00176705-00176957 Breaking Point and those watching from
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00601-00176958-00177323 outside the room agreed including Tim
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00602-00177324-00177533 Corbett the commander of the Saint
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00603-00177534-00177881 Joseph County homicide unit did crew
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00604-00177882-00178037 seem nervous when he was being
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00605-00178038-00178421 interviewed by FBI agent Weber at times
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00606-00178422-00178666 when Tom was hitting him with some tough
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00607-00178667-00178828 questions you could tell that he would
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00608-00178829-00179002 start the ball up just kind of try and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00609-00179003-00179407 deflect away from things
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00610-00179408-00179807 over several hours Crews begrudgingly
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00611-00179808-00180023 began to accept that the cell phone
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00612-00180024-00180388 evidence was overwhelming then out of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00613-00180389-00180749 nowhere he created a prism
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00614-00180750-00181054 you try to tell me a story that Alma or
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00615-00181055-00181228 someone in her family owed a bunch of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00616-00181229-00181511 money to a Mexican cartel and that when
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00617-00181512-00181697 he arrived at the house after the club
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00618-00181698-00181997 that the local street gang members that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00619-00181998-00182219 were tied to the Mexican cartel waiting
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00620-00182220-00182395 for them
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00621-00182396-00182890 he was helpless to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00622-00182891-00183161 they came up and grabbed Alma and they
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00623-00183162-00183287 told him you better leave or we're going
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00624-00183288-00183466 to kill you how did you go about
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00625-00183467-00183683 challenging that story it got weirder
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00626-00183684-00184019 after that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00627-00184020-00184211 Cruz claimed that this
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00628-00184212-00184487 thing forced him out of his truck and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00629-00184488-00184769 fled with Alma he explained that he had
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00630-00184770-00185038 been 2-10 he went outside and he saw his
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00631-00185039-00185261 truck parked down the road he said he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00632-00185262-00185423 went in there it was left unlocked the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00633-00185424-00185566 keys were in it and his cell phone was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00634-00185567-00185723 in it
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00635-00185724-00185999 how did you react to that I still just
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00636-00186000-00186166 let him continue talking just told him
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00637-00186167-00186437 I'm sorry I can't believe you the story
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00638-00186438-00186628 just does not make sense I've done
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00639-00186629-00186749 nothing wrong
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00640-00186750-00186935 everything crew set you to start off
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00641-00186936-00187077 with Once Upon a Time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00642-00187078-00187954 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00643-00187955-00188290 story without a confession special agent
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00644-00188291-00188501 Weber stepped out of the interrogation
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00645-00188502-00188740 room to confer with Commander Corbett
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00646-00188741-00189071 the veteran homicide investigator
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00647-00189072-00189299 asked him if he knows where she's at and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00648-00189300-00189575 if he'll take you there
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00649-00189576-00189821 whoever believe D he had nothing to lose
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00650-00189822-00190204 and gave Corbett's suggestion a try
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00651-00190205-00190366 so I walked back in the room I said you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00652-00190367-00190511 want to get out of here and he said yeah
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00653-00190512-00190697 I want to get out of here I said let's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00654-00190698-00190852 go for a ride but you have to show me
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00655-00190853-00191188 where her body is and he agreed
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00656-00191189-00191543 was a stun
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00657-00191544-00191681 a stunner dropped
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00658-00191682-00192035 because it was a very simple question
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00659-00192036-00192288 take us to the body
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00660-00192289-00192640 Alberto Cruz an Asian Weber drove 40
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00661-00192641-00192983 miles into the Indiana Countryside while
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00662-00192984-00193271 Corbett and other investigators taking
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00663-00193272-00193481 us on a wild goose chase where it was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00664-00193482-00193714 actually going to take us to our body
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00665-00193715-00194075 still investigators knew the path they
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00666-00194076-00194345 were following was a match to Cruz's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00667-00194346-00194543 cell phone records from the morning of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00668-00194544-00194801 Alma's disappearance and all of a sudden
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00669-00194802-00194951 he said stop
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00670-00194952-00195101 and then point it out in the woods and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00671-00195102-00195751 said she's out there
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00672-00195752-00195916 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00673-00195917-00196259 started to search the remote location
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00674-00196260-00196487 what happened next I got out of the car
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00675-00196488-00196769 and I didn't smell anything and I knew
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00676-00196770-00197033 there would be a smell if you've ever
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00677-00197034-00197292 smelled death you'll never forget it
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00678-00197293-00197435 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00679-00197436-00197843 and I just followed it about 20 30 yards
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00680-00197844-00198119 was there
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00681-00198120-00198437 covered the remains of 22 year old
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00682-00198438-00198816 euroma Del Rio
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00683-00198817-00199054 thank you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00684-00199055-00199295 staying on my ears that's probably in
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00685-00199296-00199463 the top two or three worst bodies I've
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00686-00199464-00199697 ever seen extreme decomposition
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00687-00199698-00200213 unidentifiable
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00688-00200214-00200500 it was hard to look at she was face down
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00689-00200501-00200878 in a very marshy Mucky area
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00690-00200879-00201197 while investigators sealed off the crime
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00691-00201198-00201307 scene
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00692-00201308-00201676 Alberto Cruz sat in the car for what he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00693-00201677-00201952 did I think both I think he knew what he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00694-00201953-00202081 was facing
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00695-00202082-00202450 Alberto Cruz was arrested and charged
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00696-00202451-00203140 with the murder of Alma Del Rio
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00697-00203141-00203471 detectives called the Alma's family and
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00698-00203472-00203776 delivered the crushing news
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00699-00203777-00204071 it was just so devastating not only she
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00700-00204072-00204263 had me murder but she had been thrown
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00701-00204264-00204901 away like a piece of trash
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00702-00204902-00205223 adding to the trauma was the fact that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00703-00205223-00205582 Alma's murder had been at the hands of a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00704-00205583-00205805 close friend you had heard his name
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00705-00205806-00206003 before anybody had seen her but did you
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00706-00206004-00206327 suspect him all along I actually did not
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00707-00206328-00206596 and I didn't because
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00708-00206598-00206866 when am I went missing I actually met
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00709-00206867-00207107 with him and he basically looked me in
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00710-00207108-00207196 the eye
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00711-00207198-00207527 and he said we are going to find arm I
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00712-00207528-00208121 promise you that we're gonna find out
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00713-00208121-00208498 even after Cruz LED detectives to Alma's
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00714-00208500-00208625 body
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00715-00208626-00208973 he still pled not guilty to her murder
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00716-00208975-00209284 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00717-00209285-00209608 at trial his defense team offered yet
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00718-00209609-00210017 another story of how Alma died
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00719-00210017-00210334 sensual sex
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00720-00210335-00210689 a fight ensued and he pushed her down
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00721-00210690-00210869 she bumped her head
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00722-00210869-00211108 he realized that she was probably
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00723-00211109-00211456 deceased he said he panicked
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00724-00211457-00211655 this story made absolutely no sense to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00725-00211656-00212008 me
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00726-00212009-00212287 prosecutor Chris frock
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00727-00212288-00212567 Pathologists report to cast even or
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00728-00212567-00212884 doubt on Cruz's defense there had been
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00729-00212885-00213167 no evidence of an injury to Alma's head
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00730-00213167-00213371 the pathologist was able to look at her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00731-00213371-00213556 skull which was intact and say in a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00732-00213557-00213773 healthy young person like this you would
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00733-00213773-00213982 expect to see skull damage in the sort
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00734-00213983-00214206 of trauma that would lead to her death
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00735-00214207-00214571 one that appeared to be backed up by the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00736-00214571-00215255 evidence
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00737-00215256-00215513 Alberto had taken her home and most
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00738-00215514-00215696 likely had had raped her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00739-00215696-00216101 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00740-00216102-00216634 he had killed her to keep it quiet
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00741-00216635-00216892 do you think he just snapped no I think
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00742-00216894-00217139 it was a situation where he rationally
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00743-00217140-00217391 decided that if I can't have her nobody
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00744-00217392-00217613 can have her I can't be reported to the
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00745-00217614-00217708 police
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00746-00217709-00218275 this has got to end here
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00747-00218276-00218567 investigators believe I'm Thai
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00748-00218567-00218842 he was infatuated with her they went to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00749-00218844-00218992 the clubs all the time they went out to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00750-00218994-00219353 bars but she never paid any attention to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00751-00219354-00219581 him romantically but yes she had other
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00752-00219582-00219737 boyfriends
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00753-00219738-00220006 and when Crews dropped Alma off that
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00754-00220007-00220337 morning his resentment reached a
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00755-00220338-00220444 Breaking Point
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00756-00220446-00220756 you know now it's my time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00757-00220757-00221044 and I think she turned him away and he
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00758-00221046-00221692 said no you're not going to turn me away
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00759-00221694-00221932 almost loved ones attended the trial
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00760-00221933-00222227 they sat just a few feet away from her
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00761-00222228-00222341 killer
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00762-00222342-00222532 what was the most challenging part of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00763-00222533-00222803 the trial for you I'm really it seems
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00764-00222804-00222965 like we were going through the same type
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00765-00222966-00223625 of pain because we lost a child
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00766-00223626-00223955 the jury deliberated for less than 90
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00767-00223956-00224231 minutes before finding 25 year old
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00768-00224232-00224548 Alberto Cruz guilty of the murder of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00769-00224550-00224692 Alma Del real
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00770-00224694-00225377 he was sentenced to 60 years in prison
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00771-00225378-00225598 his family and friends were relieved by
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00772-00225600-00225839 the verdict but it forced them to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00773-00225840-00226169 reflect on just how much Cruz had taken
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00774-00226169-00226217 from them
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00775-00226219-00226642 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00776-00226644-00226937 she appreciated
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00777-00226938-00227171 she was very ambitious and she was very
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00778-00227171-00227471 outgoing she was very very hungry to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00779-00227471-00227888 always be more than what she was
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00780-00227889-00228527 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00781-00228528-00228869 never be forgotten
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00782-00228869-00229169 that little sister you know full of
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00783-00229169-00229360 Dreams full of Hope
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00784-00229361-00229679 full of Ambitions that she never got to
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00785-00229680-00229879 accomplish
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00786-00229880-00230267 your life
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00787-00230267-00230484 yours looks there okay do mine
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00788-00230485-00230627 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00789-00230628-00230992 that pain even though it's been so many
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00790-00230994-00231056 years already
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00791-00231057-00231598 [Music]
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00792-00231600-00231881 Almost Family says they're extremely
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00793-00231882-00232156 grateful to the South Bend Community for
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00794-00232157-00232367 coming out and supporting them
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00795-00232367-00232619 throughout their ordeal
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00796-00232619-00232901 I'm Paula Zahn please join us next time
XWBeQpqT4Z4-00797-00232902-00233323 when we're back on the case
XXU_dBhacyk-00000-00000000-00002534 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00001-00002535-00004376 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00002-00004377-00005647 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00003-00005648-00008495 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00004-00008496-00009601 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00005-00009602-00011055 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00006-00011056-00013647 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00007-00013647-00014630 speaking
XXU_dBhacyk-00008-00014631-00016855 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00009-00016856-00018094 oh god
XXU_dBhacyk-00010-00018095-00018927 you're not feeling it
XXU_dBhacyk-00011-00018928-00021730 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00012-00021731-00022575 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00013-00022576-00022655 hey
XXU_dBhacyk-00014-00022656-00022958 you you you i pulled up the idiot of the
XXU_dBhacyk-00015-00022959-00024894 pool of the ass ass ass
XXU_dBhacyk-00016-00024895-00025558 are you
XXU_dBhacyk-00017-00025559-00025774 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00018-00025775-00028062 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00019-00028063-00030758 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00020-00030760-00031574 my
XXU_dBhacyk-00021-00031575-00032022 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00022-00032023-00032999 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00023-00033000-00033623 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00024-00033624-00036039 i am
XXU_dBhacyk-00025-00036040-00037679 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00026-00037680-00040264 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00027-00040265-00040799 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00028-00040800-00041175 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00029-00041176-00043943 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00030-00043944-00045247 rascal
XXU_dBhacyk-00031-00045248-00046158 [Music]
XXU_dBhacyk-00032-00046159-00047543 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00033-00047544-00048983 foreign
XXU_dBhacyk-00034-00048984-00049690 feeling it
XXU_dBhacyk-00036-00052767-00053991 are you
XXU_dBhacyk-00037-00053991-00054200 you
XdaMez8eVeu-00000-00000048-00000222 foreign
XdaMez8eVeu-00002-00004814-00005013 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00003-00005014-00007956 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00004-00007958-00008387 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00005-00008388-00009733 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00006-00009734-00010030 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00007-00010031-00011074 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00008-00011075-00011358 foreign
XdaMez8eVeu-00010-00014436-00014613 foreign
XdaMez8eVeu-00011-00014615-00015583 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00012-00015584-00017593 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00013-00017594-00017723 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00014-00017724-00019727 [Music]
XdaMez8eVeu-00015-00019728-00020255 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00017-00024192-00024410 foreign
XdaMez8eVeu-00019-00029245-00029866 thank you
XdaMez8eVeu-00020-00029867-00031650 [Music]
XdbPakAiQtM-00000-00000153-00000726 [Music]
XdbPakAiQtM-00001-00000727-00000902 one of my favorite topics is
XdbPakAiQtM-00002-00000903-00001183 accessibility and assistive tech
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XdbPakAiQtM-00004-00001351-00001614 school freshmen one of them asked isn't
XdbPakAiQtM-00005-00001616-00001743 this cheating
XdbPakAiQtM-00006-00001744-00001998 and i thought that's the perfect title
XdbPakAiQtM-00007-00002000-00002271 so i'll put the link to my blog and this
XdbPakAiQtM-00008-00002272-00002542 collection down below but i want to talk
XdbPakAiQtM-00009-00002543-00002742 about one of the specific tools that i
XdbPakAiQtM-00010-00002743-00002879 really appreciate
XdbPakAiQtM-00011-00002880-00003219 and that's rewordify
XdbPakAiQtM-00012-00003220-00003535 rewordify.com is a website where you can
XdbPakAiQtM-00013-00003536-00003686 put in text
XdbPakAiQtM-00014-00003688-00003854 or articles and it will make the
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XdbPakAiQtM-00016-00004207-00004479 so let's take this article
XdbPakAiQtM-00017-00004480-00004751 and i've copied the link
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XdbPakAiQtM-00021-00005464-00005663 webpage and display it
XdbPakAiQtM-00022-00005664-00005959 or rewordify web page text only
XdbPakAiQtM-00023-00005960-00006095 i'm going to go ahead and go with the
XdbPakAiQtM-00024-00006096-00006302 webpage and display it
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XdbPakAiQtM-00026-00006487-00006823 in a new window
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XdbPakAiQtM-00028-00006976-00007239 highlighted
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XdbPakAiQtM-00032-00007928-00008207 instead of the word economic
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XdbPakAiQtM-00041-00009856-00010087 noticed classic literature was linked at
XdbPakAiQtM-00042-00010088-00010342 the top
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XdbPakAiQtM-00044-00010552-00010678 list
XdbPakAiQtM-00045-00010679-00010983 of classic literature
XdbPakAiQtM-00046-00010984-00011183 let's open up around the world in 80
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XdbPakAiQtM-00048-00011504-00011774 chapter 1
XdbPakAiQtM-00049-00011775-00012151 it now has around the world in 80 days
XdbPakAiQtM-00050-00012152-00012503 with the rewardified vocabulary
XdbPakAiQtM-00051-00012504-00012735 not only that at the top
XdbPakAiQtM-00052-00012736-00012910 you can see print and learning
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XdbPakAiQtM-00054-00013039-00013247 you can get the original text the
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XdbPakAiQtM-00058-00014019-00014347 [Music]
XfBBUabpEKY-00000-00000064-00000279 everybody loves to laugh even the
XfBBUabpEKY-00001-00000280-00000591 meanest people like to laugh at someone
XfBBUabpEKY-00002-00000592-00000854 while most of us also like to laugh with
XfBBUabpEKY-00003-00000855-00000966 others
XfBBUabpEKY-00004-00000967-00001183 that's why our society is full of ways
XfBBUabpEKY-00005-00001184-00001374 to get in a good belly laugh from
XfBBUabpEKY-00006-00001375-00001639 stand-up shows to humorous movies books
XfBBUabpEKY-00007-00001639-00001839 and even comic strips
XfBBUabpEKY-00008-00001839-00001991 what you might not realize is that
XfBBUabpEKY-00009-00001992-00002326 comedy is not a new art form in fact it
XfBBUabpEKY-00010-00002327-00002518 may be one of the oldest forms of
XfBBUabpEKY-00011-00002519-00002647 literature
XfBBUabpEKY-00012-00002648-00002847 this video will give you an overview of
XfBBUabpEKY-00013-00002848-00003047 the history of comedic literature
XfBBUabpEKY-00014-00003048-00003254 including info about different types of
XfBBUabpEKY-00015-00003255-00003631 humor and how comedy has developed
XfBBUabpEKY-00016-00003632-00003879 now what makes people laugh
XfBBUabpEKY-00017-00003879-00004095 depends on the individual as well as
XfBBUabpEKY-00018-00004096-00004222 their culture
XfBBUabpEKY-00019-00004223-00004447 what's hilarious to one person might be
XfBBUabpEKY-00020-00004448-00004663 highly offensive to someone else and
XfBBUabpEKY-00021-00004664-00004822 vice versa
XfBBUabpEKY-00022-00004823-00005038 but one common thread across cultures
XfBBUabpEKY-00023-00005039-00005415 and individuals is that humor usually
XfBBUabpEKY-00024-00005416-00005727 goes against our expectations
XfBBUabpEKY-00025-00005728-00005911 there's a build up that makes us think
XfBBUabpEKY-00026-00005912-00006231 we know what to expect but the punchline
XfBBUabpEKY-00027-00006232-00006503 usually gives us something different
XfBBUabpEKY-00028-00006504-00006742 maybe that punchline flies in the face
XfBBUabpEKY-00029-00006743-00007167 of the rules of our society or culture
XfBBUabpEKY-00030-00007168-00007455 maybe it's simply surprising
XfBBUabpEKY-00031-00007456-00007742 or maybe we laugh because the punchline
XfBBUabpEKY-00032-00007743-00007959 finally levels the
XfBBUabpEKY-00033-00007959-00008174 playing field and shows how we're all
XfBBUabpEKY-00034-00008175-00008487 more alike than we like to think
XfBBUabpEKY-00035-00008488-00008774 a few examples include physical or body
XfBBUabpEKY-00036-00008775-00009023 humor like fart jokes
XfBBUabpEKY-00037-00009024-00009351 while everyone passes gas polite society
XfBBUabpEKY-00038-00009352-00009655 likes to pretend that no one ever does
XfBBUabpEKY-00039-00009656-00009983 the fart joke releases pun intended some
XfBBUabpEKY-00040-00009984-00010271 of the pressure to be so perfect or to
XfBBUabpEKY-00041-00010272-00010559 pretend that other people are
XfBBUabpEKY-00042-00010560-00010710 on a rhyming note
XfBBUabpEKY-00043-00010711-00010983 far says are a form of comedy that make
XfBBUabpEKY-00044-00010984-00011223 us laugh out of pure shock because the
XfBBUabpEKY-00045-00011224-00011471 characters and events are so far beyond
XfBBUabpEKY-00046-00011472-00011695 what's possible that we're stunned into
XfBBUabpEKY-00047-00011696-00011855 laughter
XfBBUabpEKY-00048-00011856-00012070 farce was especially strong in in
XfBBUabpEKY-00049-00012071-00012303 ancient open-air theaters where people
XfBBUabpEKY-00050-00012304-00012527 in the very back needed to be able to
XfBBUabpEKY-00051-00012528-00012735 understand even if they couldn't hear
XfBBUabpEKY-00052-00012736-00012910 the dialogue
XfBBUabpEKY-00053-00012911-00013094 the fun is in going against the grain
XfBBUabpEKY-00054-00013095-00013294 and experiencing something new
XfBBUabpEKY-00055-00013295-00013511 especially in the middle of a repetitive
XfBBUabpEKY-00056-00013512-00013783 or humdrum life
XfBBUabpEKY-00057-00013784-00014047 on the other hand puns are a form of
XfBBUabpEKY-00058-00014047-00014279 wordplay that gets chuckles from some
XfBBUabpEKY-00059-00014280-00014543 people by mixing up different meanings
XfBBUabpEKY-00060-00014544-00014751 for the same word or using words that
XfBBUabpEKY-00061-00014752-00014991 sound alike to surprise us
XfBBUabpEKY-00062-00014991-00015230 for example the old joke make like a
XfBBUabpEKY-00063-00015231-00015375 tree and leave
XfBBUabpEKY-00064-00015376-00015647 uses a pun by blending together the two
XfBBUabpEKY-00065-00015647-00015983 meanings of the word leave
XfBBUabpEKY-00066-00015984-00016127 and finally
XfBBUabpEKY-00067-00016128-00016358 satire is another form of comedy that
XfBBUabpEKY-00068-00016359-00016630 always existed but it took off even more
XfBBUabpEKY-00069-00016631-00016822 towards the end of the european dark
XfBBUabpEKY-00070-00016823-00016958 ages
XfBBUabpEKY-00071-00016959-00017199 the humor in satire comes from taking
XfBBUabpEKY-00072-00017200-00017486 down or pointing out the inconsistencies
XfBBUabpEKY-00073-00017487-00017694 and ridiculous aspects
XfBBUabpEKY-00074-00017695-00017950 of powerful individuals groups or
XfBBUabpEKY-00075-00017951-00018135 schools of thought
XfBBUabpEKY-00076-00018136-00018303 we see a lot of satire today in
XfBBUabpEKY-00077-00018304-00018614 political cartoons or parody shows like
XfBBUabpEKY-00078-00018615-00018814 the daily show
XfBBUabpEKY-00079-00018815-00019022 part of the joy of satire is seeing that
XfBBUabpEKY-00080-00019023-00019183 others agree with you
XfBBUabpEKY-00081-00019184-00019471 and feeling that the big shots aren't as
XfBBUabpEKY-00082-00019472-00019903 big and powerful as they seem
XfBBUabpEKY-00083-00019904-00020135 now you may be asking why did satire
XfBBUabpEKY-00084-00020136-00020350 explode into such popularity in the
XfBBUabpEKY-00085-00020351-00020783 1600s 1700s and beyond
XfBBUabpEKY-00086-00020784-00021007 part of the reason is because political
XfBBUabpEKY-00087-00021008-00021311 parties and freedom
XfBBUabpEKY-00088-00021312-00021614 of thought became more possible
XfBBUabpEKY-00089-00021615-00021807 as you've probably noticed before the
XfBBUabpEKY-00090-00021808-00022039 age of reason or enlightenment i'm
XfBBUabpEKY-00091-00022040-00022247 putting both of those in quotes
XfBBUabpEKY-00092-00022248-00022399 there were only a few people whose
XfBBUabpEKY-00093-00022400-00022567 opinions mattered
XfBBUabpEKY-00094-00022568-00022958 it was either the kings or the gods
XfBBUabpEKY-00095-00022959-00023183 everyone else was expected to do as they
XfBBUabpEKY-00096-00023184-00023375 were told and think whatever wouldn't
XfBBUabpEKY-00097-00023376-00023855 get them murdered i mean executed
XfBBUabpEKY-00098-00023856-00024086 but starting in the european middle ages
XfBBUabpEKY-00099-00024087-00024311 when political scientific and religious
XfBBUabpEKY-00100-00024312-00024463 revolutions
XfBBUabpEKY-00101-00024464-00024694 plus encounters with the quote-unquote
XfBBUabpEKY-00102-00024695-00024950 new world called everything into
XfBBUabpEKY-00103-00024951-00025103 question
XfBBUabpEKY-00104-00025104-00025350 it suddenly seemed possible and even
XfBBUabpEKY-00105-00025351-00025455 necessary
XfBBUabpEKY-00106-00025456-00025702 to challenge everything and think more
XfBBUabpEKY-00107-00025704-00025902 independently
XfBBUabpEKY-00108-00025904-00026087 the invention of the printing press in
XfBBUabpEKY-00109-00026088-00026470 1436 gave more people access to literacy
XfBBUabpEKY-00110-00026472-00026735 both in sharing their own ideas and in
XfBBUabpEKY-00111-00026736-00026943 discovering others
XfBBUabpEKY-00112-00026944-00027223 in 1517 when martin luther launched
XfBBUabpEKY-00113-00027224-00027495 protestantism by nailing his 95 theses
XfBBUabpEKY-00114-00027495-00027711 to a church door in germany
XfBBUabpEKY-00115-00027712-00027983 religious thought got turned inside out
XfBBUabpEKY-00116-00027983-00028223 with many new christian ideologies
XfBBUabpEKY-00117-00028224-00028446 springing forth where there had been
XfBBUabpEKY-00118-00028447-00028711 only one
XfBBUabpEKY-00119-00028712-00028902 introduced to a whole world of people
XfBBUabpEKY-00120-00028904-00029151 not following the official religion and
XfBBUabpEKY-00121-00029152-00029414 not suffering terribly for it
XfBBUabpEKY-00122-00029416-00029711 many europeans at least started to ask
XfBBUabpEKY-00123-00029712-00029887 what's going on in heaven
XfBBUabpEKY-00124-00029888-00030062 is there one at all
XfBBUabpEKY-00125-00030063-00030246 if earth is not the center of the
XfBBUabpEKY-00126-00030247-00030535 universe then what is
XfBBUabpEKY-00127-00030536-00030758 if there are lands animals and plants
XfBBUabpEKY-00128-00030760-00031055 that no easterner has ever seen
XfBBUabpEKY-00129-00031056-00031351 then what else don't we know
XfBBUabpEKY-00130-00031352-00031662 the result was lots of new ideas
XfBBUabpEKY-00131-00031663-00031911 and lots of people making fun of others
XfBBUabpEKY-00132-00031912-00032190 for their ideas and their looks
XfBBUabpEKY-00133-00032191-00032487 and their personalities
XfBBUabpEKY-00134-00032488-00032695 of course all that information is very
XfBBUabpEKY-00135-00032695-00032983 eurocentric and limited to more recent
XfBBUabpEKY-00136-00032984-00033215 times
XfBBUabpEKY-00137-00033216-00033439 in ancient times the broader world
XfBBUabpEKY-00138-00033440-00033671 beyond europe and even during the
XfBBUabpEKY-00139-00033672-00033871 european middle ages
XfBBUabpEKY-00140-00033872-00034095 comedy challenged social norms in less
XfBBUabpEKY-00141-00034096-00034287 satirical ways
XfBBUabpEKY-00142-00034288-00034471 one of the most common ways to play with
XfBBUabpEKY-00143-00034472-00034631 expectations
XfBBUabpEKY-00144-00034632-00034743 was
XfBBUabpEKY-00145-00034744-00035023 allowing characters to marry for love
XfBBUabpEKY-00146-00035024-00035287 or across class boundaries
XfBBUabpEKY-00147-00035288-00035607 as in rich people with poor people
XfBBUabpEKY-00148-00035608-00035774 as i brought up in my video about
XfBBUabpEKY-00149-00035775-00036079 romances most societies had rigid rules
XfBBUabpEKY-00150-00036080-00036343 about who could marry whom
XfBBUabpEKY-00151-00036344-00036655 comedies have always ended in marriage
XfBBUabpEKY-00152-00036656-00037023 while classical tragedies ended in death
XfBBUabpEKY-00153-00037024-00037279 yet many comedies including romantic
XfBBUabpEKY-00154-00037280-00037415 comedies today
XfBBUabpEKY-00155-00037416-00037630 get laughs by pairing
XfBBUabpEKY-00156-00037631-00037862 mismatched lovers that no one would
XfBBUabpEKY-00157-00037863-00038111 expect to get along
XfBBUabpEKY-00158-00038112-00038311 this trend reflects a long-standing
XfBBUabpEKY-00159-00038312-00038551 tradition in comedic theater
XfBBUabpEKY-00160-00038552-00038759 messing with society's expectations
XfBBUabpEKY-00161-00038760-00039079 about class gender sexuality and
XfBBUabpEKY-00162-00039080-00039302 sometimes religion at least in
XfBBUabpEKY-00163-00039303-00039567 polytheistic societies
XfBBUabpEKY-00164-00039568-00039839 thus the comedy was less political for
XfBBUabpEKY-00165-00039840-00040439 reasons already discussed
XfBBUabpEKY-00166-00040440-00040630 so it's pretty easy to see that comedy
XfBBUabpEKY-00167-00040631-00040887 can come in almost any form sometimes
XfBBUabpEKY-00168-00040888-00041087 even tucked away in otherwise tense
XfBBUabpEKY-00169-00041088-00041246 situations
XfBBUabpEKY-00170-00041247-00041455 as you read the assigned elections ask
XfBBUabpEKY-00171-00041456-00041574 yourself
XfBBUabpEKY-00172-00041575-00041846 what's supposed to surprise me here
XfBBUabpEKY-00173-00041847-00042046 what would be surprising to the original
XfBBUabpEKY-00174-00042047-00042215 audience
XfBBUabpEKY-00175-00042216-00042358 am i laughing
XfBBUabpEKY-00176-00042359-00042615 if so what's funny
XfBBUabpEKY-00177-00042616-00042839 am i laughing at someone
XfBBUabpEKY-00178-00042840-00042974 with someone
XfBBUabpEKY-00179-00042975-00043079 or
XfBBUabpEKY-00180-00043080-00043380 both
XgbsfLtEMdA-00000-00000008-00000167 he just spoke to the media let's see
XgbsfLtEMdA-00001-00000168-00000407 what garcia had to say
XgbsfLtEMdA-00002-00000408-00000582 baby aaron boone just said that this
XgbsfLtEMdA-00003-00000583-00000751 afternoon was a bit of a grind for you
XgbsfLtEMdA-00004-00000752-00002883 how would you describe this afternoon
XgbsfLtEMdA-00005-00002884-00003631 is
XgbsfLtEMdA-00006-00003632-00003854 yeah exactly that you know it was the
XgbsfLtEMdA-00007-00003855-00004038 outing um
XgbsfLtEMdA-00008-00004039-00004367 it was a grind for me today you know um
XgbsfLtEMdA-00009-00004368-00004559 good thing is you know i'm healthy out
XgbsfLtEMdA-00010-00004560-00004743 there and trying to compete
XgbsfLtEMdA-00011-00004744-00005127 uh but yeah it was full of different uh
XgbsfLtEMdA-00012-00005128-00005359 different battles uh throughout the game
XgbsfLtEMdA-00013-00005360-00005551 and you know you just gotta keep
XgbsfLtEMdA-00014-00005552-00005679 fighting your way
XgbsfLtEMdA-00015-00005680-00005902 uh keep making little adjustments and
XgbsfLtEMdA-00016-00005903-00006111 try to navigate
XgbsfLtEMdA-00017-00006112-00006295 why do you think it was a grind what
XgbsfLtEMdA-00018-00006296-00007284 what did you feel like you were battling
XgbsfLtEMdA-00019-00007286-00008483 [Music]
XgbsfLtEMdA-00020-00008484-00008846 okay
XgbsfLtEMdA-00021-00008847-00009174 yeah i think it was uh you know uh
XgbsfLtEMdA-00022-00009175-00009391 i'm usually uh much more consistent with
XgbsfLtEMdA-00023-00009392-00009478 my pitches
XgbsfLtEMdA-00024-00009479-00009751 uh in the game and today that wasn't the
XgbsfLtEMdA-00025-00009752-00009910 case and that led
XgbsfLtEMdA-00026-00009911-00010135 uh for the kind of outing i had today
XgbsfLtEMdA-00027-00010136-00010223 where you know
XgbsfLtEMdA-00028-00010224-00010551 it was a it's a grind and
XgbsfLtEMdA-00029-00010552-00010832 a fight
XjPe20pJNbo-00000-00000112-00000455 hey today I want to show you how you
XjPe20pJNbo-00001-00000456-00000757 could put on a generic YouTube watermark
XjPe20pJNbo-00002-00000758-00001162 a subscribe button and also your own
XjPe20pJNbo-00003-00001163-00001457 custom watermark so hang on I'm gonna
XjPe20pJNbo-00004-00001458-00001679 get on my computer and I'll show you
XjPe20pJNbo-00005-00001680-00002101 exactly how you do it extremely easy see
XjPe20pJNbo-00006-00002102-00002668 on my computer they are now on I'm back
XjPe20pJNbo-00007-00002669-00002849 at my computer I want to show you how
XjPe20pJNbo-00008-00002850-00003224 you could put on your YouTube watermark
XjPe20pJNbo-00009-00003225-00003388 and the what I'm talking about is this
XjPe20pJNbo-00010-00003389-00003736 little button down here whoops that
XjPe20pJNbo-00011-00003738-00003904 won't button down here my subscribe
XjPe20pJNbo-00012-00003905-00004106 button so when people get on my videos
XjPe20pJNbo-00013-00004107-00004331 if they click that all it does is
XjPe20pJNbo-00014-00004332-00004529 automatically subscribe them to my
XjPe20pJNbo-00015-00004530-00004901 channel it's extremely easy to but I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00016-00004902-00005084 also gonna show you how you could put
XjPe20pJNbo-00017-00005085-00005375 your own watermark on depending on which
XjPe20pJNbo-00018-00005376-00005735 one you want and either one is is okay
XjPe20pJNbo-00019-00005736-00006008 with how you want to go so I'm gonna go
XjPe20pJNbo-00020-00006009-00006266 up to my channel and when I go to my
XjPe20pJNbo-00021-00006267-00006442 channel I'm gonna go this is YouTube
XjPe20pJNbo-00022-00006443-00006748 studio and there is a creator studio and
XjPe20pJNbo-00023-00006750-00006931 YouTube studio they're about the same I
XjPe20pJNbo-00024-00006933-00007094 believe it's gonna continue to go to
XjPe20pJNbo-00025-00007095-00007364 YouTube channel YouTube studio excuse me
XjPe20pJNbo-00026-00007365-00007567 but when I go here what I'm going to do
XjPe20pJNbo-00027-00007568-00007859 is I'm going to go all the way down to
XjPe20pJNbo-00028-00007859-00008228 settings and when the settings it talks
XjPe20pJNbo-00029-00008229-00008392 about different things but I want to go
XjPe20pJNbo-00030-00008393-00008674 to channel and I can put my tags in
XjPe20pJNbo-00031-00008675-00009005 there but I also want to go to branding
XjPe20pJNbo-00032-00009006-00009367 and this says this is what I have on
XjPe20pJNbo-00033-00009368-00009530 right now I'm gonna show you how to do
XjPe20pJNbo-00034-00009531-00009866 that so I'm just gonna remove it and
XjPe20pJNbo-00035-00009867-00010049 then what it does when you come to it it
XjPe20pJNbo-00036-00010050-00010298 says choose an image so I'm gonna choose
XjPe20pJNbo-00037-00010299-00010685 an image and all I did before I get
XjPe20pJNbo-00038-00010686-00010849 there because I'm gonna go back to this
XjPe20pJNbo-00039-00010850-00011048 channel if like I'm gonna hit cancel
XjPe20pJNbo-00040-00011049-00011309 sorry about that what I did is I went to
XjPe20pJNbo-00041-00011310-00011591 Google and I just googled YouTube
XjPe20pJNbo-00042-00011592-00011792 subscribe buttons and what this wants is
XjPe20pJNbo-00043-00011793-00012028 what they call a PNG meaning the
XjPe20pJNbo-00044-00012029-00012313 background is transparent so I
XjPe20pJNbo-00045-00012314-00012542 downloaded this I like to work subscribe
XjPe20pJNbo-00046-00012543-00012752 on I downloaded this so then when I go
XjPe20pJNbo-00047-00012753-00013030 back to my channel and I say choose an
XjPe20pJNbo-00048-00013031-00013283 image it comes up here and I've already
XjPe20pJNbo-00049-00013284-00013366 done I actually
XjPe20pJNbo-00050-00013368-00013513 downloaded too but I want the word
XjPe20pJNbo-00051-00013515-00013874 subscribe on there and I just put it up
XjPe20pJNbo-00052-00013875-00014150 now what happens do you see what it did
XjPe20pJNbo-00053-00014151-00014467 it changed it to end of video I don't
XjPe20pJNbo-00054-00014468-00014686 want the end of my videos I want it to
XjPe20pJNbo-00055-00014687-00014944 be at the entire video you can do a
XjPe20pJNbo-00056-00014945-00015122 custom time some people have it coming
XjPe20pJNbo-00057-00015122-00015333 after a couple minutes I want entire
XjPe20pJNbo-00058-00015334-00015758 video so I'm just gonna click save and
XjPe20pJNbo-00059-00015759-00016133 that's where it is now when I go to one
XjPe20pJNbo-00060-00016134-00016433 of my videos and I'm just gonna go back
XjPe20pJNbo-00061-00016434-00016612 here to one of my videos and you're
XjPe20pJNbo-00062-00016613-00017194 gonna see that as they play let me grab
XjPe20pJNbo-00063-00017195-00017562 a different one here is a how to make
XjPe20pJNbo-00064-00017563-00017927 your youtube channel banner and I just
XjPe20pJNbo-00065-00017928-00018133 want to play that I don't want to see it
XjPe20pJNbo-00066-00018134-00018319 here let's go to this link sorry about
XjPe20pJNbo-00067-00018320-00018578 that what you're gonna do is you're
XjPe20pJNbo-00068-00018579-00018764 gonna see there's my subscribe button
XjPe20pJNbo-00069-00018765-00019052 and that's where that's at so how cool
XjPe20pJNbo-00070-00019053-00019253 is that now I also want to teach you how
XjPe20pJNbo-00071-00019254-00019517 to I'm gonna stop this I'm gonna teach
XjPe20pJNbo-00072-00019518-00020044 you how to do a branded watermark if you
XjPe20pJNbo-00073-00020045-00020284 have you know your own color schemes or
XjPe20pJNbo-00074-00020285-00020434 whatnot and what I'm gonna do is I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00075-00020435-00020914 gonna go to canva the this is a free
XjPe20pJNbo-00076-00020915-00021253 service so and I use it quite a bit but
XjPe20pJNbo-00077-00021254-00021597 I'm gonna just i've already have my
XjPe20pJNbo-00078-00021598-00022150 channel sitting in here so I'm gonna get
XjPe20pJNbo-00079-00022151-00022519 in here with canva and I don't want to
XjPe20pJNbo-00080-00022520-00022936 get started I don't want to login I tell
XjPe20pJNbo-00081-00022937-00023117 you sometimes they these things they
XjPe20pJNbo-00082-00023118-00023224 change too much
XjPe20pJNbo-00083-00023225-00023433 they don't change too much I'm sorry
XjPe20pJNbo-00084-00023434-00023719 here and now I'll just log in so I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00085-00023720-00024053 gonna get to canned up and I'm gonna
XjPe20pJNbo-00086-00024054-00024446 create a design and it asked to do
XjPe20pJNbo-00087-00024447-00024596 different things I'm gonna do custom
XjPe20pJNbo-00088-00024597-00024975 dimensions and I'm just going to go 400
XjPe20pJNbo-00089-00024976-00025436 by 400 and then I hit create and this is
XjPe20pJNbo-00090-00025437-00025678 really easy to make now this isn't going
XjPe20pJNbo-00091-00025679-00025943 to be if this is going to be a camera
XjPe20pJNbo-00092-00025944-00026271 design so what you do right away is
XjPe20pJNbo-00093-00026272-00026527 here's your image it lets you choose the
XjPe20pJNbo-00094-00026528-00026579 color
XjPe20pJNbo-00095-00026580-00026827 and I don't know your color schemes or
XjPe20pJNbo-00096-00026828-00027005 whatnot but you can put your own color
XjPe20pJNbo-00097-00027006-00027218 up there 8 what you what you want but
XjPe20pJNbo-00098-00027219-00027554 you can also go to different ones so
XjPe20pJNbo-00099-00027555-00028202 let's just go to I'm a blue van I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00100-00028202-00028382 gonna pick that blue and it can be any
XjPe20pJNbo-00101-00028383-00028661 so I got my blue up and I'm gonna go to
XjPe20pJNbo-00102-00028662-00029083 text and I'm gonna add a heading and I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00103-00029084-00029318 gonna right-click if I can spell it
XjPe20pJNbo-00104-00029319-00029705 click here and then what I'm gonna do is
XjPe20pJNbo-00105-00029706-00029965 I want to make this a little larger so
XjPe20pJNbo-00106-00029966-00030320 I'm gonna go down to 56 and I'm gonna
XjPe20pJNbo-00107-00030320-00030520 spread it out a little wider because I
XjPe20pJNbo-00108-00030522-00030845 want it all in one and then I'm just
XjPe20pJNbo-00109-00030845-00031177 gonna raise it up and then I want
XjPe20pJNbo-00110-00031178-00031627 another one and I'm just gonna write the
XjPe20pJNbo-00111-00031628-00032174 word subscribe and I want this lets go
XjPe20pJNbo-00112-00032175-00032651 really bigger see if I can put it to 96
XjPe20pJNbo-00113-00032652-00032987 and it might be way too big and if it is
XjPe20pJNbo-00114-00032988-00033380 I'll just change it and that is like I
XjPe20pJNbo-00115-00033381-00033554 can't get it on so then I want to go I
XjPe20pJNbo-00116-00033555-00033955 can put my own in there let me go to 84
XjPe20pJNbo-00117-00033956-00034399 and see how I just put the 84 in I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00118-00034400-00034633 just gonna hit enter and it's still too
XjPe20pJNbo-00119-00034634-00035239 big so let's go to 76 and I'm gonna play
XjPe20pJNbo-00120-00035240-00035474 with it it's not gonna let me do any of
XjPe20pJNbo-00121-00035475-00035735 that so I'm gonna go back and do a 64 oh
XjPe20pJNbo-00122-00035736-00036137 I was so close let me do a 62 I should
XjPe20pJNbo-00123-00036138-00036846 have played with this before but I hit
XjPe20pJNbo-00124-00036847-00037139 there I got it all one line and you can
XjPe20pJNbo-00125-00037140-00037471 do different fonts I like this font but
XjPe20pJNbo-00126-00037472-00037624 some people like different fonts you can
XjPe20pJNbo-00127-00037625-00037835 change it and of course what happens
XjPe20pJNbo-00128-00037836-00038126 when you change to different fonts this
XjPe20pJNbo-00129-00038127-00038368 size might and so all I'm gonna do is
XjPe20pJNbo-00130-00038369-00038636 download it and it suggests well it
XjPe20pJNbo-00131-00038637-00038845 suggested PNG and that's what I want so
XjPe20pJNbo-00132-00038846-00039049 I'm just going to download it as
XjPe20pJNbo-00133-00039050-00039308 preparing my design and that's where
XjPe20pJNbo-00134-00039309-00039479 it's there so now I go back to my
XjPe20pJNbo-00135-00039480-00039729 youtube channel
XjPe20pJNbo-00136-00039730-00040395 and I'm gonna go back to the original
XjPe20pJNbo-00137-00040396-00040572 part of my channel where it says I can
XjPe20pJNbo-00138-00040573-00041133 get it to change to Studio beta so I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00139-00041134-00041364 back to the very front and again I'm
XjPe20pJNbo-00140-00041365-00041610 just gonna go to use to youtube studio
XjPe20pJNbo-00141-00041611-00042104 and then I'm gonna go down to settings
XjPe20pJNbo-00142-00042105-00042450 I'm gonna go back to channel I'm gonna
XjPe20pJNbo-00143-00042451-00042869 go back to branding and I'm going to
XjPe20pJNbo-00144-00042870-00043116 replace this one I could either replace
XjPe20pJNbo-00145-00043117-00043210 it or remove it
XjPe20pJNbo-00146-00043211-00043425 and let's see where that went I'm gonna
XjPe20pJNbo-00147-00043426-00043641 go to downloads and see if that popped
XjPe20pJNbo-00148-00043642-00043944 in this right here and when I open that
XjPe20pJNbo-00149-00043945-00044124 now I got to play with this cuz right
XjPe20pJNbo-00150-00044125-00044454 away now it says it's dated entire video
XjPe20pJNbo-00151-00044455-00044739 so in that's why want so I'm gonna hit
XjPe20pJNbo-00152-00044740-00045231 save and now I'm gonna go back to my
XjPe20pJNbo-00153-00045232-00045672 videos and I'm gonna choose a different
XjPe20pJNbo-00154-00045673-00046161 one let's to start a home business let's
XjPe20pJNbo-00155-00046162-00046302 see if I can get that one up right away
XjPe20pJNbo-00156-00046303-00046929 and it's I want to get to this one and
XjPe20pJNbo-00157-00046930-00047304 there it is and it says subscribed now I
XjPe20pJNbo-00158-00047305-00047574 probably won't leave that there but that
XjPe20pJNbo-00159-00047575-00048036 is so easy so I have a quick thing when
XjPe20pJNbo-00160-00048037-00048235 we talk about this now this one is you
XjPe20pJNbo-00161-00048236-00048363 want to start a home business but I have
XjPe20pJNbo-00162-00048364-00048824 no clue where to start I have a great
XjPe20pJNbo-00163-00048825-00049215 free resource for you about how you can
XjPe20pJNbo-00164-00049216-00049404 generate leads and generate leads is
XjPe20pJNbo-00165-00049405-00049578 right where it's at so how you can grow
XjPe20pJNbo-00166-00049579-00049797 your business so that's in the
XjPe20pJNbo-00167-00049798-00050151 description below but then click on that
XjPe20pJNbo-00168-00050152-00050335 so you get that free resource but then
XjPe20pJNbo-00169-00050336-00050607 also click on here and subscribe my
XjPe20pJNbo-00170-00050608-00050849 channel I come on every Tuesday and
XjPe20pJNbo-00171-00050850-00051108 sometimes Tuesday and Friday but I come
XjPe20pJNbo-00172-00051109-00051345 on every Tuesday for sure so there you
XjPe20pJNbo-00173-00051346-00051744 have it how easy was that you all take
XjPe20pJNbo-00174-00051745-00051972 care
XjPOLprtDH0-00000-00000000-00000347 a little bit of art is that stories are
XjPOLprtDH0-00001-00000348-00000794 a political strategy no we're so good at
XjPOLprtDH0-00002-00000795-00001212 it as teachers and alone use it no and I
XjPOLprtDH0-00003-00001213-00001589 talked to some legislators in Texas and
XjPOLprtDH0-00004-00001590-00001787 it was very intimidated and scared and I
XjPOLprtDH0-00005-00001788-00002014 was like okay but do what you can do
XjPOLprtDH0-00006-00002016-00002246 tell a story put a human face all right
XjPOLprtDH0-00007-00002247-00002531 this piece of legislation so the senator
XjPOLprtDH0-00008-00002532-00002896 will understand what happened and I
XjPOLprtDH0-00009-00002897-00003142 thought you know I really need to get
XjPOLprtDH0-00010-00003143-00003326 better bet doing them around la Verde
XjPOLprtDH0-00011-00003327-00003593 poverty such a huge wreck struct right
XjPOLprtDH0-00012-00003594-00003988 and we need to make it concrete we know
XjPOLprtDH0-00013-00003989-00004204 as teachers we do me right haptics well
XjPOLprtDH0-00014-00004205-00004513 you try but we forget that people
XjPOLprtDH0-00015-00004514-00004691 outside of our clients were they don't
XjPOLprtDH0-00016-00004692-00004868 know it and so we need to roll those
XjPOLprtDH0-00017-00004869-00005258 stories those are our way of pushing
XjPOLprtDH0-00018-00005259-00005556 back on that dominant-negative here
XjPOLprtDH0-00019-00005557-00005857 mm-hmm
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00000-00000016-00000175 it's your boy the hot rodster here and
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00001-00000176-00000295 today we're going to be logging in
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00002-00000296-00000478 another entry to the quirk registry by
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00003-00000479-00001135 examining the quirk blood curdle
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00004-00001136-00001278 blood critter is an emitter quirk that
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00005-00001279-00001478 allows the user to paralyze their victim
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00006-00001479-00001663 this quirks user is the popular villain
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00007-00001664-00001879 chaizum akugiro who is more commonly
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00008-00001880-00002134 known as the hero killer stain he was
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00009-00002135-00002318 able to use this quirk to easily catch
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00010-00002319-00002526 multiple heroes off guard and end them
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00011-00002527-00002655 the name of this quirk comes from
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00012-00002656-00002839 combining two words to make a new
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00013-00002840-00003079 compound word blood is obviously the red
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00014-00003080-00003238 liquid that exists inside of all of
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00015-00003239-00003415 humans and it's included in the name of
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00016-00003415-00003583 this quirk because blood is a vital
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00017-00003584-00003847 component of how it all works curdle is
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00018-00003847-00003999 a verb that the oxford dictionary
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00019-00004000-00004238 defines as to separate or to cause to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00020-00004239-00004463 separate into curds or lumps this
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00021-00004464-00004615 definition doesn't really have much to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00022-00004616-00004799 do with the quirk's function or usage
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00023-00004800-00004991 however the phrase make one blood's
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00024-00004992-00005206 curdle means to fill that person with
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00025-00005207-00005406 horror it could also mean to cause them
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00026-00005407-00005670 to be afraid or disgusted therefore this
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00027-00005671-00005847 name may not completely describe the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00028-00005848-00006038 function of this quirk but it would give
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00029-00006039-00006199 one the impression that stain is a
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00030-00006200-00006454 horrifying and disgusting person it
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00031-00006455-00006631 could also imply that his victims are
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00032-00006631-00006823 paralyzed out of horror even though that
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00033-00006823-00007103 isn't necessarily how this quirk works
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00034-00007104-00007327 stain can paralyze people by ingesting
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00035-00007328-00007542 their blood in case you don't know
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00036-00007543-00007751 paralysis is a loss of motor functions
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00037-00007752-00007974 in one or more muscles it's not just
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00038-00007975-00008167 having so much pain in an area of the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00039-00008168-00008342 body which makes it hurt too much to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00040-00008343-00008567 move it's also not just a great weight
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00041-00008568-00008759 in an area that if one is strong enough
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00042-00008760-00008983 to overpower they can it's more like the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00043-00008984-00009199 nervous system gets damaged so signals
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00044-00009200-00009391 don't transmit properly between the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00045-00009392-00009567 brain and the body i didn't think that
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00046-00009568-00009742 i'd have to explain that but i recently
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00047-00009743-00009887 got into an argument with someone who
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00048-00009888-00010095 knew nothing about paralysis so i made
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00049-00010096-00010255 sure to include a bit of that for this
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00050-00010256-00010463 entry the amount of blood doesn't really
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00051-00010464-00010646 matter it could be less than a teaspoon
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00052-00010647-00010846 or more than a gallon the paralysis
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00053-00010847-00011031 would still take effect there is no
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00054-00011032-00011231 known range and so it has to be assumed
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00055-00011232-00011351 that the range is infinite
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00056-00011352-00011542 hypothetically if stainless on the other
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00057-00011543-00011695 side of the planet and he had a sample
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00058-00011696-00011903 of your blood he could paralyze you by
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00059-00011904-00012119 eating it however the current maximum
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00060-00012120-00012270 amount of time his victims can be
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00061-00012271-00012487 paralyzed is 8 minutes so there wouldn't
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00062-00012488-00012703 be any practical purpose for doing that
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00063-00012704-00012879 that 8 minute limit may not be set in
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00064-00012880-00013063 stone though it's possible for quirks to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00065-00013063-00013279 get stronger as the user hones them so
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00066-00013280-00013479 maybe it's possible for the paralysis to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00067-00013480-00013719 last longer as well also the amount of
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00068-00013719-00013927 time for paralysis depends on the blood
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00069-00013928-00014119 type b lasts for the longest amount of
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00070-00014119-00014351 time a b is shorter and a is even
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00071-00014352-00014551 shorter while o represents the shortest
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00072-00014552-00014775 amount of time this represents a pretty
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00073-00014776-00014951 big weakness because o is the most
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00074-00014952-00015127 common blood type well b is one of the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00075-00015128-00015319 least common blood types in the united
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00076-00015319-00015615 states o represents 45 of the population
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00077-00015616-00015903 while b represents 11 the distribution
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00078-00015904-00016135 of blood types vary across the world but
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00079-00016136-00016391 even in japan type o is the second most
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00080-00016392-00016622 common right behind type a and i'm
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00081-00016623-00016750 pretty sure i don't have to remind you
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00082-00016751-00016886 that those are the two types that are
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00083-00016887-00017127 affected for the shortest amount of time
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00084-00017128-00017335 so the drawback to this quirk is that
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00085-00017336-00017550 the time one would remain paralyzed is
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00086-00017551-00017743 unpredictable since he can't control
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00087-00017744-00017975 their blood type this quirk's abilities
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00088-00017976-00018183 are very unique compared to others for
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00089-00018184-00018375 most quirks that affect people something
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00090-00018376-00018567 has to be done to that person in order
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00091-00018568-00018758 for it to take effect but that isn't the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00092-00018759-00018967 case for this one sure stain has to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00093-00018968-00019158 ingest the victim's blood but he doesn't
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00094-00019159-00019303 have to get it himself and it doesn't
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00095-00019304-00019494 even have to be fresh he doesn't even
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00096-00019495-00019663 have to eat the blood in front of his
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00097-00019664-00019847 target so it's not like psychological
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00098-00019848-00020071 manipulation going on either this may be
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00099-00020072-00020294 a bit confusing but to sum it up some
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00100-00020295-00020455 quirks like midnight actually have to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00101-00020456-00020614 interact with their target in order to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00102-00020615-00020830 take effect however blood curdle doesn't
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00103-00020831-00020999 require that level of interaction
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00104-00021000-00021150 compared to other quirks it might as
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00105-00021151-00021350 well just be magic it's also possible
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00106-00021351-00021494 that we don't have enough information
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00107-00021495-00021655 about how this quirk functions so there
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00108-00021656-00021855 may be more to be discovered like i
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00109-00021856-00022014 mentioned earlier this quirk was used by
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00110-00022015-00022207 the hero killer stained in order to kill
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00111-00022208-00022367 all of those he deemed to be false
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00112-00022368-00022622 heroes he trained himself to be fast
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00113-00022623-00022807 strong and have a lot of stamina so he
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00114-00022808-00022967 could continue fighting even when his
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00115-00022968-00023150 body was pushed to the limit he learned
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00116-00023151-00023350 how to use a variety of blades as a tool
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00117-00023351-00023575 to easily extract blood from his victims
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00118-00023576-00023775 before paralyzing them staying usually
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00119-00023776-00023958 tries to get heroes alone so no one can
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00120-00023959-00024094 interfere because things get more
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00121-00024095-00024247 complicated when more people get
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00122-00024248-00024414 involved he would have to paralyze more
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00123-00024415-00024558 people which would take more time to
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00124-00024559-00024703 accomplish and since the time of the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00125-00024704-00024894 paralysis is often unpredictable he
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00126-00024895-00025135 can't waste a lot of it not to mention
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00127-00025136-00025319 if he gives his opponents too much time
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00128-00025320-00025455 they would figure out how his quirk
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00129-00025456-00025662 works and defeat him looking at how much
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00130-00025663-00025814 he's trained i'd say he probably made
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00131-00025816-00026022 the most efficient use of his abilities
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00132-00026023-00026206 a miscellaneous fact about this quirk
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00133-00026207-00026487 stain's nose or lack thereof isn't due
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00134-00026488-00026735 to his quirk or any other mutation he
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00135-00026736-00026943 has no notes because he cut it off after
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00136-00026944-00027223 a vigilante broke it and a truly useless
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00137-00027224-00027414 fact is that the shape of his tongue may
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00138-00027416-00027607 not be a mutation from his quirk but
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00139-00027608-00027807 rather a genetic mutation that passed
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00140-00027808-00028014 down from one of his parents this is
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00141-00028016-00028158 definitely one of the most terrifying
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00142-00028160-00028390 quirks in this series it is very unique
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00143-00028391-00028543 and the user used it in such an
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00144-00028544-00028702 effective way that he was able to take
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00145-00028704-00028902 on fully fledged heroes it's a quirk
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00146-00028904-00029062 that i probably wouldn't want for a few
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00147-00029063-00029214 reasons to start i don't think it would
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00148-00029216-00029423 be very practical for me i probably
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00149-00029424-00029558 wouldn't put in the effort to actually
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00150-00029560-00029767 take someone's blood like stain does not
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00151-00029768-00029974 to mention i'm not evil well at least
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00152-00029975-00030143 not to your knowledge so i don't think
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00153-00030144-00030318 i'd want to use things like knives or
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00154-00030319-00030551 blades to take my opponent's blood in my
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00155-00030552-00030727 hands this quirk would just go to waste
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00156-00030727-00030911 which only solidifies how committed
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00157-00030912-00031158 stain was and with that i think we can
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00158-00031160-00031407 officially commit blood curdle to the
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00159-00031408-00031511 quirk
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00160-00031512-00031774 registry
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00161-00031775-00031918 if you like this video consider watching
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00162-00031919-00032087 another one i talk about a variety of
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00163-00032088-00032255 different topics on this channel mostly
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00164-00032256-00032414 my hero right now so i hope to see you
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00165-00032416-00032646 there this has been the hot rodster i'll
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00166-00032647-00032790 see you in the next one
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00167-00032791-00032956 peace out
Xk8RsBkK9OU-00168-00032957-00033277 [Music]
XkciZg-6qv4-00000-00000672-00001157 pew
XkciZg-6qv4-00001-00001158-00001200 baby
XkciZg-6qv4-00002-00001201-00001573 [Music]
XkciZg-6qv4-00003-00001574-00001876 tap tap tap tap tap tap tap tap tap tap
XkciZg-6qv4-00004-00001877-00002068 tap tap tap tap tap
XkciZg-6qv4-00005-00002069-00002578 pop
XkciZg-6qv4-00006-00002579-00002700 [Music]
XkciZg-6qv4-00007-00002701-00003142 Pope Splat Pew Splat Pew squat it's
XkciZg-6qv4-00008-00003143-00003472 Splatoon 3 for the Nintendo switch
XkciZg-6qv4-00009-00003473-00003757 ah
XlFFFLloZSA-00000-00003776-00003983 the advocacy industry so when i speak to
XlFFFLloZSA-00001-00003984-00004119 my political
XlFFFLloZSA-00002-00004120-00004375 agenda and the politicians community i
XlFFFLloZSA-00003-00004376-00004503 deal with those that connect with the
XlFFFLloZSA-00004-00004504-00004599 streets
XlFFFLloZSA-00005-00004600-00004775 that deal with our issues in our
XlFFFLloZSA-00006-00004776-00005831 community so now that he is
XlFFFLloZSA-00007-00005832-00007406 accountable uh
XlFFFLloZSA-00008-00007408-00009567 made that a reality
XlFFFLloZSA-00009-00009568-00009742 this is february
XlFFFLloZSA-00010-00009743-00010039 and in the coming months we need people
XlFFFLloZSA-00011-00010040-00010303 organized to mobilize
XlFFFLloZSA-00012-00010304-00010471 i'ma say it again
XlFFFLloZSA-00013-00010472-00010719 organize to mobilize
XlFFFLloZSA-00014-00010720-00010959 it's very important there's too many
XlFFFLloZSA-00015-00010960-00011191 things going on in our community you can
XlFFFLloZSA-00016-00011192-00011455 no longer ignore it
XlFFFLloZSA-00017-00011456-00011623 that being said
XlFFFLloZSA-00018-00011624-00011823 let's get to our another next call of
XlFFFLloZSA-00019-00011824-00011991 action
XlFFFLloZSA-00020-00011992-00012303 which is a interesting one i i i made
XlFFFLloZSA-00021-00012304-00012470 this picture
XlFFFLloZSA-00022-00012471-00012631 you could barely see the young brother
XlFFFLloZSA-00023-00012632-00012871 um that that drew it for me
XlFFFLloZSA-00024-00012872-00013030 i promised him one day that i would
XlFFFLloZSA-00025-00013031-00013255 actually present it to the people
XlFFFLloZSA-00026-00013256-00013383 a judge
XlFFFLloZSA-00027-00013384-00013599 a defendant
XlFFFLloZSA-00028-00013600-00013799 and a sonographer
XlFFFLloZSA-00029-00013800-00014111 and a witness in a court room you know
XlFFFLloZSA-00030-00014112-00014319 and highlight the probabilities of this
XlFFFLloZSA-00031-00014319-00014607 individual ended up incarcerated
XlFFFLloZSA-00032-00014608-00015158 that brings us to our next story
XlFFFLloZSA-00033-00015159-00015335 never stand down that was the statement
XlFFFLloZSA-00034-00015336-00015479 that was made on top of this it says
XlFFFLloZSA-00035-00015480-00015766 never stand down this was october
XlFFFLloZSA-00036-00015768-00016175 the 2nd 2006 that he actually did this
XlFFFLloZSA-00037-00016176-00016350 he drew this for me
XlFFFLloZSA-00038-00016351-00016655 and it says never stand down
XlFFFLloZSA-00039-00016656-00016807 meaning
XlFFFLloZSA-00040-00016808-00016983 recently there has been a host of
XlFFFLloZSA-00041-00016984-00017158 current events that have taken place in
XlFFFLloZSA-00042-00017159-00017415 our community regarding nypd law
XlFFFLloZSA-00043-00017416-00017527 enforcement
XlFFFLloZSA-00044-00017528-00017743 law enforcement all over the world
XlFFFLloZSA-00045-00017744-00017943 now
XlFFFLloZSA-00046-00017944-00018167 the stop and frisk issue
XlFFFLloZSA-00047-00018168-00018327 which was won
XlFFFLloZSA-00048-00018328-00018430 four
XlFFFLloZSA-00049-00018431-00018575 and one
XlFFFLloZSA-00050-00018576-00018686 um
XlFFFLloZSA-00051-00018687-00019039 basically has been
XlFFFLloZSA-00052-00019040-00019279 ignored um
XlFFFLloZSA-00053-00019280-00019558 but the police commissioner bretton
XlFFFLloZSA-00054-00019559-00019767 recently just came up with some new
XlFFFLloZSA-00055-00019768-00019999 stuff i mean you know he wants to
XlFFFLloZSA-00056-00020000-00020135 actually
XlFFFLloZSA-00057-00020136-00020463 make resistant arrests a felony
XlFFFLloZSA-00058-00020464-00020703 now ladies and gentlemen i i have to
XlFFFLloZSA-00059-00020704-00020886 start there
XlFFFLloZSA-00060-00020887-00021135 you want to make a resisting arrest a
XlFFFLloZSA-00061-00021136-00021239 felony
XlFFFLloZSA-00062-00021240-00021455 be mindful of the fact that resistant
XlFFFLloZSA-00063-00021456-00021711 arrests at this time is basically only a
XlFFFLloZSA-00064-00021712-00021903 violation
XlFFFLloZSA-00065-00021904-00022111 and the reason why resistant arrest is a
XlFFFLloZSA-00066-00022112-00022455 violation because it is an actual excuse
XlFFFLloZSA-00067-00022456-00022694 for law enforcement when they can no
XlFFFLloZSA-00068-00022695-00023094 longer actually justify their actions
XlFFFLloZSA-00069-00023095-00023383 to now say that you have indeed
XlFFFLloZSA-00070-00023384-00023750 committed a crime that you didn't commit
XlFFFLloZSA-00071-00023751-00024039 it's a defense mechanism that is used by
XlFFFLloZSA-00072-00024040-00024478 law enforcement to cover or to delay any
XlFFFLloZSA-00073-00024479-00024727 immediate ratification for wrongdoing on
XlFFFLloZSA-00074-00024728-00024935 their part
XlFFFLloZSA-00075-00024936-00025111 in so many ways
XlFFFLloZSA-00076-00025112-00025327 this is what resistant arrest really
XlFFFLloZSA-00077-00025328-00025591 stands for it's a vague law on the books
XlFFFLloZSA-00078-00025592-00025758 that should have never been there in the
XlFFFLloZSA-00079-00025760-00025870 first place
XlFFFLloZSA-00080-00025872-00026014 but
XlFFFLloZSA-00081-00026016-00026255 police commissioner commissioner breton
XlFFFLloZSA-00082-00026256-00026518 would like to make that a felony in and
XlFFFLloZSA-00083-00026519-00026687 of itself
XlFFFLloZSA-00084-00026688-00026918 wow
XlFFFLloZSA-00085-00026919-00027023 really
XlFFFLloZSA-00086-00027024-00027414 a felony
XlFFFLloZSA-00087-00027416-00027711 this goes from one extreme to the next
XlFFFLloZSA-00088-00027712-00027974 when you start talking law enforcement
XlFFFLloZSA-00089-00027975-00028158 it is not just law enforcement here in
XlFFFLloZSA-00090-00028160-00028295 the city
XlFFFLloZSA-00091-00028295-00028543 he went to make legislation he went to
XlFFFLloZSA-00092-00028544-00028902 legislators to have legislators change
XlFFFLloZSA-00093-00028904-00029446 the law
XlFFFLloZSA-00094-00029447-00029831 this is alarming
XlFFFLloZSA-00095-00029832-00030167 if a new york city police commissioner
XlFFFLloZSA-00096-00030168-00030470 has the ability to go and
XlFFFLloZSA-00097-00030472-00030883 insist that legislators change the
XlFFFLloZSA-00098-00030883-00031495 laws what's wrong with you
XlFFFLloZSA-00099-00031495-00031790 in a neighborhood where law enforcement
XlFFFLloZSA-00100-00031791-00031918 has clearly
XlFFFLloZSA-00101-00031919-00032095 claimed the lives
XlFFFLloZSA-00102-00032095-00032414 of far too many innocent victims you
XlFFFLloZSA-00103-00032416-00032774 will allow them to push for legislation
XlFFFLloZSA-00104-00032775-00033199 to make something illegal legal
XlFFFLloZSA-00105-00033200-00033615 wow
XlFFFLloZSA-00106-00033616-00033702 i
XlFFFLloZSA-00107-00033703-00033967 also caution you
XlFFFLloZSA-00108-00033968-00034159 they have just lost
XlFFFLloZSA-00109-00034160-00034415 the stop and frisk law in federal court
XlFFFLloZSA-00110-00034416-00034999 it's been proven to be unconstitutional
XlFFFLloZSA-00111-00035000-00035239 guidelines and rules and regulations are
XlFFFLloZSA-00112-00035240-00035446 scheduled to be enforced as a result of
XlFFFLloZSA-00113-00035447-00035727 the unconstitutional activities of
XlFFFLloZSA-00114-00035728-00036239 in-question nypd alone nypd
XlFFFLloZSA-00115-00036240-00036502 at what point does the citizen gets
XlFFFLloZSA-00116-00036503-00036751 justice for criminal activity caused
XlFFFLloZSA-00117-00036752-00037030 upon him or her by the
XlFFFLloZSA-00118-00037031-00037255 new york city police department
XlFFFLloZSA-00119-00037256-00037535 and why is it that law enforcement is
XlFFFLloZSA-00120-00037536-00037830 afforded such
XlFFFLloZSA-00121-00037831-00038390 over jealous violations of the law
XlFFFLloZSA-00122-00038391-00038630 ladies and gentlemen we really need to
XlFFFLloZSA-00123-00038631-00038815 recognize the reality of these
XlFFFLloZSA-00124-00038816-00039135 situations
XlFFFLloZSA-00125-00039136-00039374 for which
XlFFFLloZSA-00126-00039375-00039607 there was a beef between the mayor
XlFFFLloZSA-00127-00039608-00039983 and the new york city police department
XlFFFLloZSA-00128-00039984-00040239 all of this came right after one
XlFFFLloZSA-00129-00040240-00040359 incident
XlFFFLloZSA-00130-00040360-00040646 and nobody wants to accept that reality
XlFFFLloZSA-00131-00040647-00040902 that incident was the actual legal
XlFFFLloZSA-00132-00040903-00041102 standing of stop and frisk being
XlFFFLloZSA-00133-00041103-00041223 enforced
XlFFFLloZSA-00134-00041224-00041567 at the present time the judge was in in
XlFFFLloZSA-00135-00041568-00041774 process of actually
XlFFFLloZSA-00136-00041775-00041983 just coming off of getting them to put
XlFFFLloZSA-00137-00041984-00042279 it back on the books they gunned for the
XlFFFLloZSA-00138-00042280-00042474 judge who said that it was basically
XlFFFLloZSA-00139-00042475-00042687 unconstitutional they delayed it for
XlFFFLloZSA-00140-00042688-00042983 another six months today near a year
XlFFFLloZSA-00141-00042984-00043158 right after that was swashed and it was
XlFFFLloZSA-00142-00043159-00043327 out the way the unions immediately
XlFFFLloZSA-00143-00043328-00043479 stepped in and said they gonna fight it
XlFFFLloZSA-00144-00043480-00043751 anyway against the mayor's best interest
XlFFFLloZSA-00145-00043752-00043911 they lost that battle
XlFFFLloZSA-00146-00043912-00044111 right after that took place immediately
XlFFFLloZSA-00147-00044112-00044407 two officers are executed
XlFFFLloZSA-00148-00044408-00044599 detention is removed from that now all
XlFFFLloZSA-00149-00044600-00044815 the people are in support of nypd all
XlFFFLloZSA-00150-00044816-00045062 over again
XlFFFLloZSA-00151-00045063-00045239 shortly after they got back to support
XlFFFLloZSA-00152-00045240-00045495 of the people after downsizing the
XlFFFLloZSA-00153-00045496-00045671 development of the city of new york by
XlFFFLloZSA-00154-00045672-00045974 not actually doing their jobs mind you
XlFFFLloZSA-00155-00045975-00046271 they didn't do their jobs for weeks
XlFFFLloZSA-00156-00046272-00046590 proving that their actual beneficial
XlFFFLloZSA-00157-00046591-00046767 purpose in the city of new york is to
XlFFFLloZSA-00158-00046768-00047158 make money
XlFFFLloZSA-00159-00047159-00047351 then they went away from that
XlFFFLloZSA-00160-00047352-00047599 and came back to this to hit at the
XlFFFLloZSA-00161-00047600-00047855 legislators to say listen
XlFFFLloZSA-00162-00047856-00048046 we're entitled
XlFFFLloZSA-00163-00048047-00048286 to a law on the books that will protect
XlFFFLloZSA-00164-00048287-00048711 our officers
XlFFFLloZSA-00165-00048712-00048951 and all this is after the unions
XlFFFLloZSA-00166-00048952-00049151 pat lynch
XlFFFLloZSA-00167-00049152-00049527 lost their battles
XlFFFLloZSA-00168-00049528-00049718 literally
XlFFFLloZSA-00169-00049719-00049943 we are confronted with a serious issue
XlFFFLloZSA-00170-00049944-00050215 here today
XlFFFLloZSA-00171-00050216-00050455 this issue hints that law enforcement is
XlFFFLloZSA-00172-00050456-00050615 clearly
XlFFFLloZSA-00173-00050616-00050823 independent
XlFFFLloZSA-00174-00050824-00051071 of any jurisdiction
XlFFFLloZSA-00175-00051072-00051246 from government that we could actually
XlFFFLloZSA-00176-00051247-00051358 put forth
XlFFFLloZSA-00177-00051359-00051582 they are too powerful at this present
XlFFFLloZSA-00178-00051583-00051735 time
XlFFFLloZSA-00179-00051736-00052038 they need to be put on a leash and only
XlFFFLloZSA-00180-00052039-00052270 ones that can do that is legislation
XlFFFLloZSA-00181-00052271-00052511 your elected officials are the only ones
XlFFFLloZSA-00182-00052512-00053063 that could put these officers in check
XlFFFLloZSA-00183-00053064-00053238 and i'm not going to say that our
XlFFFLloZSA-00184-00053239-00053535 elected officials are blind to the fact
XlFFFLloZSA-00185-00053536-00053782 i'm welcoming you to come on the show
XlFFFLloZSA-00186-00053783-00053966 and tell me otherwise tell your
XlFFFLloZSA-00187-00053967-00054199 constituents otherwise as to the
XlFFFLloZSA-00188-00054200-00054382 objective opinion which we have placed
XlFFFLloZSA-00189-00054383-00054663 right here on this show that officers
XlFFFLloZSA-00190-00054664-00054950 are clearly too powerful in the city of
XlFFFLloZSA-00191-00054951-00055063 new york
XlFFFLloZSA-00192-00055064-00055254 and my view not only the city of new
XlFFFLloZSA-00193-00055255-00055382 york
XlFFFLloZSA-00194-00055383-00055671 all over the united states because when
XlFFFLloZSA-00195-00055672-00055863 them two officers was executed here in
XlFFFLloZSA-00196-00055864-00056142 new york city they busloaded
XlFFFLloZSA-00197-00056144-00056326 officers from all over the state that
XlFFFLloZSA-00198-00056327-00056687 wanted to come to their friends
XlFFFLloZSA-00199-00056688-00056823 i don't see nobody else getting that
XlFFFLloZSA-00200-00056824-00057038 type of privilege in their duties
XlFFFLloZSA-00201-00057039-00057287 as a result of their jobs
XlFFFLloZSA-00202-00057288-00057438 they neglected the fact that two
XlFFFLloZSA-00203-00057439-00057679 afro-american officers was killed
XlFFFLloZSA-00204-00057679-00057854 no less than two years ago in the same
XlFFFLloZSA-00205-00057855-00058103 capacity while working on the job they
XlFFFLloZSA-00206-00058104-00058254 got nowhere near
XlFFFLloZSA-00207-00058255-00058463 the support and publicity of these issue
XlFFFLloZSA-00208-00058464-00058654 two officers that was executed in the
XlFFFLloZSA-00209-00058655-00058887 streets of new york surrounding the mere
XlFFFLloZSA-00210-00058888-00059094 fact that everybody was fighting and
XlFFFLloZSA-00211-00059095-00059359 rooming over the arigana and the mike
XlFFFLloZSA-00212-00059360-00059647 brown situation
XlFFFLloZSA-00213-00059648-00059926 leading us to do we have the right or
XlFFFLloZSA-00214-00059927-00060126 the action to continue to
XlFFFLloZSA-00215-00060127-00060215 march
XlFFFLloZSA-00216-00060216-00060694 or protest in that perfect capacity
XlFFFLloZSA-00217-00060695-00060935 after that clear-cut indictment was
XlFFFLloZSA-00218-00060936-00061094 denied
XlFFFLloZSA-00219-00061095-00061247 to the people
XlFFFLloZSA-00220-00061248-00061487 and marches took place there was even a
XlFFFLloZSA-00221-00061488-00061854 riffle amongst activists
XlFFFLloZSA-00222-00061855-00062126 as to what the next step should be going
XlFFFLloZSA-00223-00062127-00062230 forward
XlFFFLloZSA-00224-00062232-00062454 marching in my opinion was not the next
XlFFFLloZSA-00225-00062455-00062623 now that's not the next step not at that
XlFFFLloZSA-00226-00062624-00062703 point
XlFFFLloZSA-00227-00062704-00062847 not at that level
XlFFFLloZSA-00228-00062848-00063006 not when you have law enforcement
XlFFFLloZSA-00229-00063007-00063223 clearly being admonished for their
XlFFFLloZSA-00230-00063224-00063694 actions in federal court
XlFFFLloZSA-00231-00063695-00063854 and giving
XlFFFLloZSA-00232-00063855-00064071 legislative laws rules and regulations
XlFFFLloZSA-00233-00064072-00064223 to which they would have to follow as a
XlFFFLloZSA-00234-00064224-00064375 result of their actual or their
XlFFFLloZSA-00235-00064376-00064647 misconduct or their failure to act
XlFFFLloZSA-00236-00064648-00064799 appropriately in the line of their
XlFFFLloZSA-00237-00064800-00064919 duties
XlFFFLloZSA-00238-00064920-00065382 now
XlFFFLloZSA-00239-00065383-00065655 this is the objective opinion
XlFFFLloZSA-00240-00065656-00065823 i have a note to all my elected
XlFFFLloZSA-00241-00065824-00066047 officials
XlFFFLloZSA-00242-00066048-00066415 before anybody stands up and speaks
XlFFFLloZSA-00243-00066416-00066631 or stand up and say
XlFFFLloZSA-00244-00066632-00066847 regarding the new york city
XlFFFLloZSA-00245-00066848-00067111 police department or law enforcement in
XlFFFLloZSA-00246-00067112-00067367 general
XlFFFLloZSA-00247-00067368-00067591 anything other than the reality of what
XlFFFLloZSA-00248-00067592-00067750 has taken place
XlFFFLloZSA-00249-00067751-00068006 after countless innocent bystanders have
XlFFFLloZSA-00250-00068007-00068567 been executed
XlFFFLloZSA-00251-00068568-00068847 families go through the judicial process
XlFFFLloZSA-00252-00068848-00069406 and receive no justice
XlFFFLloZSA-00253-00069407-00069887 you have best to think
XlFFFLloZSA-00254-00069888-00070206 this is well over bedtime
XlFFFLloZSA-00255-00070207-00070447 far far way out of whack
XlFFFLloZSA-00256-00070448-00070750 we no longer can accept it
XlFFFLloZSA-00257-00070751-00070991 and we have to have something more than
XlFFFLloZSA-00258-00070992-00071215 a brief statement from individuals that
XlFFFLloZSA-00259-00071216-00071391 engage in it
XlFFFLloZSA-00260-00071392-00071655 with no retribution to the community for
XlFFFLloZSA-00261-00071656-00071815 it
XlFFFLloZSA-00262-00071816-00071975 this is our pima do a death with
XlFFFLloZSA-00263-00071976-00073126 objective opinion it's one to grow on
XlFFFLloZSA-00264-00073127-00075759 turn it up
XlFFFLloZSA-00265-00075760-00078206 told um be back
XlFFFLloZSA-00266-00078207-00079606 tell me when you see your hat
XlFFFLloZSA-00267-00079607-00080111 is
XlFFFLloZSA-00268-00080112-00080287 what up him ladies pittsburgh
XlFFFLloZSA-00269-00080288-00080655 pennsylvania is jealous baby
XlFFFLloZSA-00270-00080656-00081119 in the house
XlFFFLloZSA-00271-00081120-00081282 happy birthday
XlFFFLloZSA-00272-00081283-00081703 baby stillers
XlFFFLloZSA-00273-00081704-00081847 so is this your first time doing this
XlFFFLloZSA-00274-00081848-00082006 yes yeah you never been to new york
XlFFFLloZSA-00275-00082007-00082311 before okay
XlFFFLloZSA-00276-00082312-00082662 not the time square
XlFFFLloZSA-00277-00082663-00083823 i'm
XlFFFLloZSA-00278-00083824-00083991 i just asked her
XlFFFLloZSA-00279-00083992-00084135 about this daggone violence in our
XlFFFLloZSA-00280-00084136-00084262 communities
XlFFFLloZSA-00281-00084263-00084447 now i said
XlFFFLloZSA-00282-00084448-00084655 when the other boy got shot at them they
XlFFFLloZSA-00283-00084656-00084782 should stop marching and start
XlFFFLloZSA-00284-00084783-00084950 protesting in a different way
XlFFFLloZSA-00285-00084951-00085118 the way i'm suggested was that all
XlFFFLloZSA-00286-00085119-00085326 afro-americans should stop work for one
XlFFFLloZSA-00287-00085327-00085431 day
XlFFFLloZSA-00288-00085432-00085631 which i'll take
XlFFFLloZSA-00289-00085632-00085879 what to stand up for our rights
XlFFFLloZSA-00290-00085880-00086135 so people can stop the violence for no
XlFFFLloZSA-00291-00086136-00086279 apparent reason
XlFFFLloZSA-00292-00086280-00086535 i'm for it
XlFFFLloZSA-00293-00086536-00086687 yeah
XlFFFLloZSA-00294-00086688-00086838 the point behind that would be that you
XlFFFLloZSA-00295-00086839-00087038 were actually stifling you would stop
XlFFFLloZSA-00296-00087039-00087238 all economic development and growth in
XlFFFLloZSA-00297-00087239-00087455 that community for a whole day
XlFFFLloZSA-00298-00087456-00087582 and that would be devastating to the
XlFFFLloZSA-00299-00087583-00087735 economy
XlFFFLloZSA-00300-00087736-00087950 and if every state did it you ain't have
XlFFFLloZSA-00301-00087951-00088199 to lift a finger to make it happen right
XlFFFLloZSA-00302-00088200-00088326 right
XlFFFLloZSA-00303-00088327-00088479 take it back to the martin luther
XlFFFLloZSA-00304-00088480-00088759 kingdom
XlFFFLloZSA-00305-00088760-00089103 hallelujah
XlFFFLloZSA-00306-00089104-00089455 i thought they would never believe me
XlFFFLloZSA-00307-00089456-00089687 i thought the people would never see it
XlFFFLloZSA-00308-00089688-00089999 well we need to stand up and fight
XlFFFLloZSA-00309-00090000-00090238 and put the gun down
XlFFFLloZSA-00310-00090239-00090471 thank you ladies you enjoy your name and
XlFFFLloZSA-00311-00090472-00090615 i hope to see you again remember go to
XlFFFLloZSA-00312-00090616-00090838 oj opinion.net
XlFFFLloZSA-00313-00090839-00090991 and see all your elected officials and
XlFFFLloZSA-00314-00090992-00091094 remember
XlFFFLloZSA-00315-00091095-00091247 we got the power to vote
XlFFFLloZSA-00316-00091248-00091567 exactly do it i voted
XlFFFLloZSA-00317-00091568-00091903 unity baby in our community please turn
XlFFFLloZSA-00318-00091904-00093759 up
XlFFFLloZSA-00319-00093760-00093950 i found some men
XlFFFLloZSA-00320-00093951-00094103 in the crowd
XlFFFLloZSA-00321-00094104-00094206 and you wouldn't believe i've been
XlFFFLloZSA-00322-00094207-00094343 looking at this crowd for a minute and
XlFFFLloZSA-00323-00094344-00094543 found number women but now i got some
XlFFFLloZSA-00324-00094544-00094679 men on deck
XlFFFLloZSA-00325-00094680-00094894 my brother's peace what's up my brother
XlFFFLloZSA-00326-00094895-00095038 hold on hold on i gotta do the hood
XlFFFLloZSA-00327-00095039-00096103 things
XlFFFLloZSA-00328-00096104-00096231 now look at here we're gonna ask our
XlFFFLloZSA-00329-00096232-00096359 brothers the same thing we asked the
XlFFFLloZSA-00330-00096360-00096550 sisters a minute ago hold up put this
XlFFFLloZSA-00331-00096551-00096831 down
XlFFFLloZSA-00332-00096832-00097015 in our community afro-american males and
XlFFFLloZSA-00333-00097016-00097167 females have been assassinated for
XlFFFLloZSA-00334-00097168-00097311 unreal one reason or another but it's
XlFFFLloZSA-00335-00097312-00097703 always a sister's killing so for the men
XlFFFLloZSA-00336-00097704-00097918 what do you think we as men have to do
XlFFFLloZSA-00337-00097919-00098279 to change this stigma in our communities
XlFFFLloZSA-00338-00098280-00098479 i didn't hear what you said
XlFFFLloZSA-00339-00098480-00098703 afro-american males have been executed
XlFFFLloZSA-00340-00098704-00099071 at an alarming rate far too many times
XlFFFLloZSA-00341-00099072-00099271 unjustifiably
XlFFFLloZSA-00342-00099272-00099455 at the time out there's a division in
XlFFFLloZSA-00343-00099456-00099726 our community how do we resolve that
XlFFFLloZSA-00344-00099727-00099974 problem from the men's perspective
XlFFFLloZSA-00345-00099975-00100206 well first off we need to stop killing
XlFFFLloZSA-00346-00100207-00100462 each other that's what we need to do
XlFFFLloZSA-00347-00100463-00100655 that's the main thing
XlFFFLloZSA-00348-00100656-00100815 really truly how we gonna expect people
XlFFFLloZSA-00349-00100816-00100943 to respect us that we don't respect
XlFFFLloZSA-00350-00100944-00101103 ourselves
XlFFFLloZSA-00351-00101104-00101279 that's all i got to say on it because
XlFFFLloZSA-00352-00101280-00101471 i'll sit by that i stand by that that's
XlFFFLloZSA-00353-00101472-00101647 all i got to say and he's right that's
XlFFFLloZSA-00354-00101648-00101918 tony herbert that's his standpoint
XlFFFLloZSA-00355-00101919-00102071 herbert got that same standpoint you my
XlFFFLloZSA-00356-00102072-00102215 brother
XlFFFLloZSA-00357-00102216-00102478 i feel the same way he felt oh we got a
XlFFFLloZSA-00358-00102479-00102678 one we got two for three two for three
XlFFFLloZSA-00359-00102679-00102847 come on bro what you got see it's the
XlFFFLloZSA-00360-00102848-00102999 team thing right here man i'm feeling
XlFFFLloZSA-00361-00103000-00103151 the same way he do
XlFFFLloZSA-00362-00103152-00103239 no
XlFFFLloZSA-00363-00103240-00103671 i got i got team unity
XlFFFLloZSA-00364-00103672-00103910 i got team unity on deck here
XlFFFLloZSA-00365-00103911-00104086 no now watch it
XlFFFLloZSA-00366-00104088-00104615 louisiana you know what i'm saying
XlFFFLloZSA-00367-00104616-00104790 damn man i'm from new york you know i
XlFFFLloZSA-00368-00104791-00104934 get around but i ain't get to louisiana
XlFFFLloZSA-00369-00104935-00105727 yet
XlFFFLloZSA-00370-00105728-00105975 go to my website send me a link
XlFFFLloZSA-00371-00105976-00106247 i have no problem coming
XlFFFLloZSA-00372-00106248-00106551 i just don't i don't i don't i don't
XlFFFLloZSA-00373-00106552-00106783 i go all over the place i get around but
XlFFFLloZSA-00374-00106783-00106910 now we're going to deal with this issue
XlFFFLloZSA-00375-00106911-00107086 in our community now hold up
XlFFFLloZSA-00376-00107088-00107215 y'all said that we need to stop the
XlFFFLloZSA-00377-00107216-00107510 violence in our own communities
XlFFFLloZSA-00378-00107511-00107702 now i gotta look at my history you know
XlFFFLloZSA-00379-00107703-00107878 malcolm martin
XlFFFLloZSA-00380-00107879-00108015 all of them came up and said that we
XlFFFLloZSA-00381-00108016-00108175 should always be
XlFFFLloZSA-00382-00108176-00108343 self-centered and protect ourselves and
XlFFFLloZSA-00383-00108344-00108519 also protect each other there should
XlFFFLloZSA-00384-00108520-00108710 always be unity in our community
XlFFFLloZSA-00385-00108711-00108886 but they never did tell us how to
XlFFFLloZSA-00386-00108888-00109095 establish that union in our community
XlFFFLloZSA-00387-00109096-00109527 that our youth could pick up and follow
XlFFFLloZSA-00388-00109528-00109695 it's easy to say that we shouldn't
XlFFFLloZSA-00389-00109696-00109886 attack each other it's easy to say that
XlFFFLloZSA-00390-00109888-00110095 we shouldn't attack law enforcement
XlFFFLloZSA-00391-00110096-00110254 it's hard as hell to give the people a
XlFFFLloZSA-00392-00110255-00111495 roadmap to make that a reality
XlFFFLloZSA-00393-00111496-00111775 they keep taking the fathers away
XlFFFLloZSA-00394-00111776-00112015 wow do you know that barack obama put
XlFFFLloZSA-00395-00112016-00112183 1.5 billion on the table for
XlFFFLloZSA-00396-00112183-00112431 african-american males
XlFFFLloZSA-00397-00112432-00112599 did any of y'all know that where's that
XlFFFLloZSA-00398-00112600-00112702 money
XlFFFLloZSA-00399-00112703-00112823 the republicans just holding it up
XlFFFLloZSA-00400-00112824-00112990 that's why you can't get it
XlFFFLloZSA-00401-00112991-00113127 that's what that one is right now the
XlFFFLloZSA-00402-00113128-00113351 republican stipend that that quote but
XlFFFLloZSA-00403-00113352-00113454 we're not going to get on the negative
XlFFFLloZSA-00404-00113455-00113639 we will steal the positive
XlFFFLloZSA-00405-00113640-00114271 in our community
XlFFFLloZSA-00406-00114272-00114471 some grown people
XlFFFLloZSA-00407-00114472-00114631 he's on his master's i'm on my masters
XlFFFLloZSA-00408-00114632-00114823 he already got his two degrees
XlFFFLloZSA-00409-00114824-00115119 that's positive exactly exactly more
XlFFFLloZSA-00410-00115120-00115247 people like us
XlFFFLloZSA-00411-00115248-00115375 i got so many of y'all in the world
XlFFFLloZSA-00412-00115376-00115558 right now
XlFFFLloZSA-00413-00115559-00115807 but i still don't got no improvement
XlFFFLloZSA-00414-00115808-00115999 you're right it's a progress man
XlFFFLloZSA-00415-00116000-00116143 you know what i'm saying take time it's
XlFFFLloZSA-00416-00116144-00116286 not gonna happen overnight
XlFFFLloZSA-00417-00116288-00116471 yeah and it's up to people like us
XlFFFLloZSA-00418-00116472-00116727 to set examples
XlFFFLloZSA-00419-00116728-00116895 like he said you know you got to just
XlFFFLloZSA-00420-00116896-00117102 keep building everybody
XlFFFLloZSA-00421-00117103-00117239 you do you do realize i'm gonna make
XlFFFLloZSA-00422-00117240-00117366 y'all come out with the truth about this
XlFFFLloZSA-00423-00117367-00117454 right
XlFFFLloZSA-00424-00117455-00117599 because
XlFFFLloZSA-00425-00117600-00117847 our ancestors and our youth
XlFFFLloZSA-00426-00117848-00118015 futures and lives are at state at this
XlFFFLloZSA-00427-00118016-00118158 present point
XlFFFLloZSA-00428-00118159-00118302 now i had to pull somebody code about
XlFFFLloZSA-00429-00118303-00118478 this a long time ago i said no listen i
XlFFFLloZSA-00430-00118479-00118671 could stand here and i could tell you
XlFFFLloZSA-00431-00118672-00118886 that yeah my college degree got me this
XlFFFLloZSA-00432-00118888-00119095 it got me that but when i walk out my
XlFFFLloZSA-00433-00119096-00119263 front door my brother standing here
XlFFFLloZSA-00434-00119264-00119478 ain't got jack my sister down the block
XlFFFLloZSA-00435-00119479-00119686 still getting beat up by a man
XlFFFLloZSA-00436-00119688-00119871 my other sister across town still can't
XlFFFLloZSA-00437-00119872-00119990 get a job
XlFFFLloZSA-00438-00119991-00120158 there's some stigma in our society that
XlFFFLloZSA-00439-00120159-00120375 continue to persist and harness
XlFFFLloZSA-00440-00120376-00120599 so i said i got to look at real hard
XlFFFLloZSA-00441-00120600-00120975 solutions to resolve these issues
XlFFFLloZSA-00442-00120976-00121158 everybody got problems in every race and
XlFFFLloZSA-00443-00121159-00121302 every demographic they got people in
XlFFFLloZSA-00444-00121303-00121431 third world countries right now that
XlFFFLloZSA-00445-00121432-00121615 can't get run in order so i mean they
XlFFFLloZSA-00446-00121616-00121839 got problems all over the world
XlFFFLloZSA-00447-00121840-00122078 it's 2014 it's about to be a brand new
XlFFFLloZSA-00448-00122079-00122231 year we're just trying to party have a
XlFFFLloZSA-00449-00122232-00122583 good time and enjoy ourselves 2015 2015
XlFFFLloZSA-00450-00122583-00122710 when it's coming in that's what we're
XlFFFLloZSA-00451-00122711-00122807 trying to do we're just trying to have a
XlFFFLloZSA-00452-00122808-00122966 good time we're trying to set the bar
XlFFFLloZSA-00453-00122967-00123110 high we're trying to have great
XlFFFLloZSA-00454-00123111-00123343 expectations 2015. we won't make this
XlFFFLloZSA-00455-00123344-00123527 the best year yet so that's what we out
XlFFFLloZSA-00456-00123528-00123702 here for we just you know how we gonna
XlFFFLloZSA-00457-00123703-00123895 do this we're just having all positive
XlFFFLloZSA-00458-00123896-00124119 vibes it's starting to mind whatever you
XlFFFLloZSA-00459-00124120-00124223 believe you know what i'm saying the
XlFFFLloZSA-00460-00124224-00124407 mind of a man could achieve
XlFFFLloZSA-00461-00124408-00124527 you know what i'm saying that like
XlFFFLloZSA-00462-00124528-00124734 napoleon hill said whatever you believe
XlFFFLloZSA-00463-00124735-00124823 in them
XlFFFLloZSA-00464-00124824-00125071 we can do whatever we set our minds to
XlFFFLloZSA-00465-00125072-00125166 do
XlFFFLloZSA-00466-00125167-00125310 and he right
XlFFFLloZSA-00467-00125311-00125463 he right
XlFFFLloZSA-00468-00125464-00125702 but we got to keep pushing everybody
XlFFFLloZSA-00469-00125703-00125975 amongst us to do the same thing
XlFFFLloZSA-00470-00125976-00126158 that's why we hear this at this point in
XlFFFLloZSA-00471-00126159-00126239 time
XlFFFLloZSA-00472-00126240-00126519 with the unity within our community you
XlFFFLloZSA-00473-00126520-00126590 know
XlFFFLloZSA-00474-00126591-00126702 always
XlFFFLloZSA-00475-00126703-00126886 that's the thing that's the thing my man
XlFFFLloZSA-00476-00126888-00127110 nice to meet you
XlFFFLloZSA-00477-00127111-00127286 and there you have it you need unity
XlFFFLloZSA-00478-00127288-00127407 within your community and you keep
XlFFFLloZSA-00479-00127408-00127639 pushing for the highest the higher level
XlFFFLloZSA-00480-00127640-00127831 of 2015 is coming in and we're gonna
XlFFFLloZSA-00481-00127832-00127934 turn it up
XlFFFLloZSA-00482-00127935-00129166 turn it up
XlFFFLloZSA-00483-00129167-00129375 in the month of january going into
XlFFFLloZSA-00484-00129376-00129623 february there have been many many
XlFFFLloZSA-00485-00129624-00129783 events planned
XlFFFLloZSA-00486-00129783-00129983 those events that were planned were
XlFFFLloZSA-00487-00129983-00130302 highlighting rent laws in our community
XlFFFLloZSA-00488-00130303-00130510 and the fact that rent laws are subject
XlFFFLloZSA-00489-00130511-00130863 to change this july up it's june this
XlFFFLloZSA-00490-00130864-00131054 june up in albany
XlFFFLloZSA-00491-00131055-00131135 we
XlFFFLloZSA-00492-00131136-00131311 really need to become more aware and
XlFFFLloZSA-00493-00131312-00131575 more alert um our elected officials came
XlFFFLloZSA-00494-00131576-00131647 out
XlFFFLloZSA-00495-00131648-00131902 at a gathering located in brooklyn
XlFFFLloZSA-00496-00131903-00132366 and basically run the alarm for all
XlFFFLloZSA-00497-00132367-00132527 rent stabilized
XlFFFLloZSA-00498-00132528-00132735 or new york city housing nycha and the
XlFFFLloZSA-00499-00132736-00132990 likes for affordable housing individuals
XlFFFLloZSA-00500-00132991-00133199 to get involved my question is what is
XlFFFLloZSA-00501-00133200-00133463 really affordable nowadays in new york
XlFFFLloZSA-00502-00133464-00133735 rent is extremely outrageously high and
XlFFFLloZSA-00503-00133736-00133990 like one politician said rent is too
XlFFFLloZSA-00504-00133991-00134102 damn high
XlFFFLloZSA-00505-00134103-00134319 many moments ago and many people heard
XlFFFLloZSA-00506-00134320-00134463 them but then they didn't hear them it
XlFFFLloZSA-00507-00134464-00134759 was the ongoing alarm that was sound as
XlFFFLloZSA-00508-00134760-00134919 a result of a current
XlFFFLloZSA-00509-00134920-00135175 study rising slowly throughout the years
XlFFFLloZSA-00510-00135176-00135454 and he started that campaign in 1999 if
XlFFFLloZSA-00511-00135455-00135647 many can remember correctly
XlFFFLloZSA-00512-00135648-00135727 um
XlFFFLloZSA-00513-00135728-00135823 but
XlFFFLloZSA-00514-00135824-00135919 these
XlFFFLloZSA-00515-00135920-00136159 elected officials came out you know eric
XlFFFLloZSA-00516-00136160-00136263 adams
XlFFFLloZSA-00517-00136264-00136343 um
XlFFFLloZSA-00518-00136344-00136487 corey booster
XlFFFLloZSA-00519-00136488-00136735 uh hamilton with a host of other
XlFFFLloZSA-00520-00136736-00136959 individuals to this event a call to
XlFFFLloZSA-00521-00136960-00137166 action by your senators and if you
XlFFFLloZSA-00522-00137167-00137390 missed it you know um don't be alarmed
XlFFFLloZSA-00523-00137391-00137559 by it um because now only thing i'm
XlFFFLloZSA-00524-00137560-00137759 gonna do is give you the insight on what
XlFFFLloZSA-00525-00137760-00137943 exactly took place at that particular
XlFFFLloZSA-00526-00137944-00138247 event so that you may be better informed
XlFFFLloZSA-00527-00138248-00138439 so
XlFFFLloZSA-00528-00138440-00138687 it was a traumatic
XlFFFLloZSA-00529-00138688-00138878 outcome you know a lot of people came up
XlFFFLloZSA-00530-00138879-00139014 but these are the regular individuals
XlFFFLloZSA-00531-00139015-00139183 that came out people like from community
XlFFFLloZSA-00532-00139184-00139439 for change uh um
XlFFFLloZSA-00533-00139440-00139583 um
XlFFFLloZSA-00534-00139584-00139823 unions you know people that normally
XlFFFLloZSA-00535-00139824-00139990 come out to these guys nevertheless the
XlFFFLloZSA-00536-00139991-00140223 community has yet to get involved so we
XlFFFLloZSA-00537-00140224-00140431 encourage the community to get involved
XlFFFLloZSA-00538-00140432-00140614 on these issues it is very important
XlFFFLloZSA-00539-00140615-00140831 that you become alert and actually
XlFFFLloZSA-00540-00140832-00141102 activated and how can you do that by
XlFFFLloZSA-00541-00141103-00141335 contacting your local official in your
XlFFFLloZSA-00542-00141336-00141575 community going to your local boards
XlFFFLloZSA-00543-00141576-00141743 that will be community boards whatever
XlFFFLloZSA-00544-00141744-00141895 your community board number is you need
XlFFFLloZSA-00545-00141896-00142087 to find out where your community board
XlFFFLloZSA-00546-00142088-00142302 is located who's your local council
XlFFFLloZSA-00547-00142303-00142511 member senator and um then you need to
XlFFFLloZSA-00548-00142512-00142671 get involved with these people you need
XlFFFLloZSA-00549-00142672-00142831 to hold them accountable because you put
XlFFFLloZSA-00550-00142832-00142990 them in office so if you don't hold them
XlFFFLloZSA-00551-00142991-00143135 accountable for their actions in the
XlFFFLloZSA-00552-00143136-00143351 streets then there will be
XlFFFLloZSA-00553-00143352-00143599 no cause for redress for the concerns
XlFFFLloZSA-00554-00143600-00143759 that you are about to be confronted with
XlFFFLloZSA-00555-00143760-00143935 in the near future don't think that it
XlFFFLloZSA-00556-00143936-00144183 doesn't affect you it does
XlFFFLloZSA-00557-00144184-00144351 so we're going to get into this clip
XlFFFLloZSA-00558-00144352-00144454 real quick
XlFFFLloZSA-00559-00144455-00144663 um there was a gathering a meeting that
XlFFFLloZSA-00560-00144664-00144807 i went to um
XlFFFLloZSA-00561-00144808-00145039 for the crown heights tennis union this
XlFFFLloZSA-00562-00145040-00145343 is a new a new not-for-profit apparently
XlFFFLloZSA-00563-00145344-00145511 um or a new
XlFFFLloZSA-00564-00145512-00145759 organization that spurred out nowhere um
XlFFFLloZSA-00565-00145760-00145878 statement they want to fight for the
XlFFFLloZSA-00566-00145879-00146111 rights of tenants
XlFFFLloZSA-00567-00146112-00146254 ironically these people are well
XlFFFLloZSA-00568-00146255-00146511 organized and they're attempting to
XlFFFLloZSA-00569-00146512-00146743 basically organize crown heights around
XlFFFLloZSA-00570-00146744-00146975 the rent increase issue which is a good
XlFFFLloZSA-00571-00146976-00147214 thing however they fail to neglect that
XlFFFLloZSA-00572-00147215-00147390 they are also a part of the genification
XlFFFLloZSA-00573-00147391-00147535 package that's also coming into the
XlFFFLloZSA-00574-00147536-00147775 community that we must be mindful of and
XlFFFLloZSA-00575-00147776-00147959 aware now
XlFFFLloZSA-00576-00147960-00148119 in brooklyn if you're a brooklyn knight
XlFFFLloZSA-00577-00148120-00148287 you have a brooklyn birth certificate to
XlFFFLloZSA-00578-00148288-00148495 prove it if you don't that means you
XlFFFLloZSA-00579-00148496-00148663 moved into the community and you're
XlFFFLloZSA-00580-00148664-00148863 assessing that you are part of the
XlFFFLloZSA-00581-00148864-00149071 community well in all reality you're
XlFFFLloZSA-00582-00149072-00149239 trying to become bring about a new
XlFFFLloZSA-00583-00149240-00149390 community meaning that you will fight
XlFFFLloZSA-00584-00149391-00149599 for new rules and regulations and at the
XlFFFLloZSA-00585-00149600-00149783 end of the day where you may appear to
XlFFFLloZSA-00586-00149784-00149911 be friendly you
XlFFFLloZSA-00587-00149912-00150119 end up outscoring people that's been
XlFFFLloZSA-00588-00150120-00150247 here for years
XlFFFLloZSA-00589-00150248-00150359 and then you try to play it off like
XlFFFLloZSA-00590-00150360-00150575 that's really not an issue but it is
XlFFFLloZSA-00591-00150576-00150751 so with that being said we're going to
XlFFFLloZSA-00592-00150752-00150966 get into this brief clip real quick of
XlFFFLloZSA-00593-00150967-00151159 what mr hamilton who was also fighting
XlFFFLloZSA-00594-00151160-00151326 for a young lady and up to new york city
XlFFFLloZSA-00595-00151327-00151735 housing where they put nycha on notice
XlFFFLloZSA-00596-00151736-00152007 after attempting to evict an old woman
XlFFFLloZSA-00597-00152008-00152223 for five hundred dollars if i'm not
XlFFFLloZSA-00598-00152224-00152511 mistaken and uh and and i'm gonna let
XlFFFLloZSA-00599-00152512-00152671 them explain it to you it's better that
XlFFFLloZSA-00600-00152672-00152871 they explain it because if i explain it
XlFFFLloZSA-00601-00152872-00153039 i'm gonna get a little upset because my
XlFFFLloZSA-00602-00153040-00153271 mother went through a safe scenario and
XlFFFLloZSA-00603-00153272-00153487 this is what they're doing today so it's
XlFFFLloZSA-00604-00153488-00153743 imperative that you get involved
XlFFFLloZSA-00605-00153744-00153854 wow
XlFFFLloZSA-00606-00153855-00154007 after all these years they just want to
XlFFFLloZSA-00607-00154008-00154166 push you out of communication out of the
XlFFFLloZSA-00608-00154167-00154366 community gentrification is a reality
XlFFFLloZSA-00609-00154367-00154575 it's not a game pay attention uh good
XlFFFLloZSA-00610-00154576-00154759 afternoon everyone uh my name is jesse
XlFFFLloZSA-00611-00154760-00154959 hamilton new york state senator
XlFFFLloZSA-00612-00154960-00155135 uh and we're here in brownsville today
XlFFFLloZSA-00613-00155136-00155463 to highlight the egregious acts of nycha
XlFFFLloZSA-00614-00155464-00155671 against the residents uh in our
XlFFFLloZSA-00615-00155672-00155895 community uh miss connelly matteos has
XlFFFLloZSA-00616-00155896-00156271 been here for 30 years imagine living in
XlFFFLloZSA-00617-00156272-00156471 the building for 30 years paying your
XlFFFLloZSA-00618-00156472-00156663 rent for 30 years
XlFFFLloZSA-00619-00156664-00156951 and someone trying to evict you for
XlFFFLloZSA-00620-00156952-00157054 hundred
XlFFFLloZSA-00621-00157055-00157214 and eighty one dollars
XlFFFLloZSA-00622-00157215-00157454 that's unconscionable it's an egregious
XlFFFLloZSA-00623-00157455-00157543 act
XlFFFLloZSA-00624-00157544-00157654 by
XlFFFLloZSA-00625-00157655-00157831 the new york city housing authority but
XlFFFLloZSA-00626-00157832-00158014 before we go forward
XlFFFLloZSA-00627-00158015-00158207 there was a woman uh shelly kelly who
XlFFFLloZSA-00628-00158208-00158359 lived in this building
XlFFFLloZSA-00629-00158360-00158519 and she died
XlFFFLloZSA-00630-00158520-00158799 in 2006 in the fire in this building
XlFFFLloZSA-00631-00158800-00159014 which shows the unsafe conditions that
XlFFFLloZSA-00632-00159015-00159175 we have in nycha
XlFFFLloZSA-00633-00159176-00159375 are faulty elevators
XlFFFLloZSA-00634-00159376-00159559 dimlet stairwells
XlFFFLloZSA-00635-00159560-00159814 and we just want respect for the people
XlFFFLloZSA-00636-00159815-00159951 who live here so let's have a moment of
XlFFFLloZSA-00637-00159952-00160143 silence for miss shelley kelly before we
XlFFFLloZSA-00638-00160144-00161119 see
XlFFFLloZSA-00639-00161120-00161471 thank you i want to say shame on united
XlFFFLloZSA-00640-00161472-00161695 shame on you nycha
XlFFFLloZSA-00641-00161696-00161887 ms [__] matthias has been living here
XlFFFLloZSA-00642-00161888-00162054 for 30 years
XlFFFLloZSA-00643-00162055-00162311 30 years paying her rent being a vibrant
XlFFFLloZSA-00644-00162312-00162502 person in the community working with
XlFFFLloZSA-00645-00162503-00162671 children in the community being a
XlFFFLloZSA-00646-00162672-00162975 daycare worker for so many years she's a
XlFFFLloZSA-00647-00162976-00163126 person who took care of the children in
XlFFFLloZSA-00648-00163127-00163239 this community
XlFFFLloZSA-00649-00163240-00163502 and for not paying five hundred and
XlFFFLloZSA-00650-00163503-00163695 eighty one dollars they're ready to
XlFFFLloZSA-00651-00163696-00163807 victor
XlFFFLloZSA-00652-00163808-00163975 this is the common theme of nature
XlFFFLloZSA-00653-00163976-00164231 throughout brownsville throughout many
XlFFFLloZSA-00654-00164232-00164399 neighborhoods in new york city where
XlFFFLloZSA-00655-00164400-00164671 they're aggressively trying to kick out
XlFFFLloZSA-00656-00164672-00164878 long-term tenants
XlFFFLloZSA-00657-00164879-00165071 for no reason at all
XlFFFLloZSA-00658-00165072-00165207 someone who's lived up for 30 years
XlFFFLloZSA-00659-00165208-00165343 should own the apartment she had a
XlFFFLloZSA-00660-00165344-00165566 mortgage she will own the apartment
XlFFFLloZSA-00661-00165567-00165775 and that's why i'm always for affordable
XlFFFLloZSA-00662-00165776-00166087 ownership rather than affordable housing
XlFFFLloZSA-00663-00166088-00166271 in the brownsville partnership
XlFFFLloZSA-00664-00166272-00166407 thanks for their help
XlFFFLloZSA-00665-00166408-00166519 help keep
XlFFFLloZSA-00666-00166520-00166814 coming matthias in her apartment thanks
XlFFFLloZSA-00667-00166815-00166959 to brian here and work with the
XlFFFLloZSA-00668-00166960-00167199 brownsville partnership we fought nycha
XlFFFLloZSA-00669-00167200-00167366 and we said no
XlFFFLloZSA-00670-00167367-00167719 no no to evicting long-term
XlFFFLloZSA-00671-00167720-00167854 seniors
XlFFFLloZSA-00672-00167855-00168071 who rely on housing no one should be
XlFFFLloZSA-00673-00168072-00168278 living in fear
XlFFFLloZSA-00674-00168279-00168414 in a place they've been living after 30
XlFFFLloZSA-00675-00168415-00168543 years
XlFFFLloZSA-00676-00168544-00168695 able to stay in their communities that
XlFFFLloZSA-00677-00168696-00168831 makes brownsville just that much
XlFFFLloZSA-00678-00168832-00169031 stronger um and that's even more another
XlFFFLloZSA-00679-00169032-00169190 reason why it's important that we
XlFFFLloZSA-00680-00169191-00169414 address the issues that are that are
XlFFFLloZSA-00681-00169415-00169575 taking folks uh and having that you're
XlFFFLloZSA-00682-00169576-00169823 trying to move them out so um
XlFFFLloZSA-00683-00169824-00170031 i know matias doesn't want to speak uh
XlFFFLloZSA-00684-00170032-00170238 but but she's a remarkable woman and
XlFFFLloZSA-00685-00170239-00170366 y'all should speak with her because
XlFFFLloZSA-00686-00170367-00170607 she's really the the story here she's a
XlFFFLloZSA-00687-00170608-00170887 great person um and she's an inspiration
XlFFFLloZSA-00688-00170888-00171087 um you know her resilience is really
XlFFFLloZSA-00689-00171088-00171326 something that uh that we all
XlFFFLloZSA-00690-00171327-00171943 should look for
XlFFFLloZSA-00691-00171944-00172102 my name is brian wall and i work at the
XlFFFLloZSA-00692-00172103-00172326 brownsville partnership which is an
XlFFFLloZSA-00693-00172327-00172471 initiative of community solutions and we
XlFFFLloZSA-00694-00172472-00172583 work with nature tenants here in
XlFFFLloZSA-00695-00172584-00172807 brownsville thank you
XlFFFLloZSA-00696-00172808-00172966 attorney he has agreed to give you free
XlFFFLloZSA-00697-00172967-00173102 legal advice
XlFFFLloZSA-00698-00173103-00173278 my office in the office of latrice
XlFFFLloZSA-00699-00173279-00173375 walker
XlFFFLloZSA-00700-00173376-00173551 will also be assisting you in whatever
XlFFFLloZSA-00701-00173552-00173695 you can do with the brownsville
XlFFFLloZSA-00702-00173696-00173943 partnership and brian and also we have a
XlFFFLloZSA-00703-00173944-00174151 um alika
XlFFFLloZSA-00704-00174152-00174271 from a
XlFFFLloZSA-00705-00174272-00174375 chief walker's office something which
XlFFFLloZSA-00706-00174376-00174631 you talk about a couple words
XlFFFLloZSA-00707-00174632-00174799 good morning everyone i just want the
XlFFFLloZSA-00708-00174800-00175087 public to know that for one of the first
XlFFFLloZSA-00709-00175088-00175351 times in brownsville history we actually
XlFFFLloZSA-00710-00175352-00175623 have two new representatives and senator
XlFFFLloZSA-00711-00175624-00175847 jesse hamilton and assemblywoman latrice
XlFFFLloZSA-00712-00175848-00176087 walker who knows exactly what nycha
XlFFFLloZSA-00713-00176088-00176271 residents are going through because they
XlFFFLloZSA-00714-00176272-00176431 themselves have lived in nature
XlFFFLloZSA-00715-00176432-00176663 developments so i just really want
XlFFFLloZSA-00716-00176664-00176951 everyone to know that we really do have
XlFFFLloZSA-00717-00176952-00177183 a level of support that we haven't had
XlFFFLloZSA-00718-00177184-00177390 in a very long time so that ms matias
XlFFFLloZSA-00719-00177391-00177551 and her neighbors and the rest of the
XlFFFLloZSA-00720-00177552-00177814 brownsville community actually have
XlFFFLloZSA-00721-00177815-00178031 leaders who care about them so thank you
XlFFFLloZSA-00723-00181239-00181448 you