6dGwNGj8ggu-00000-00000186-00000437 welcome back in it's the season finale
6dGwNGj8ggu-00001-00000438-00000599 of The Journey House college sports show
6dGwNGj8ggu-00002-00000600-00000790 powered by WaterStone Bank presented by
6dGwNGj8ggu-00003-00000791-00001103 sewer ninjas right here on 97-3 the game
6dGwNGj8ggu-00004-00001104-00001283 with that we're gonna jump to the Pella
6dGwNGj8ggu-00005-00001284-00001660 wi.com talk and text line and bring in
6dGwNGj8ggu-00006-00001661-00001979 the head coach of the now national
6dGwNGj8ggu-00007-00001980-00002284 champions over at MATC Randy Casey
6dGwNGj8ggu-00008-00002285-00002483 joining us coach good morning how are
6dGwNGj8ggu-00009-00002484-00002597 you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00010-00002598-00002771 good morning I'm doing well how are you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00011-00002772-00002975 we're doing great thanks so much for
6dGwNGj8ggu-00012-00002976-00003160 jumping on and and joining us
6dGwNGj8ggu-00013-00003161-00003593 congratulations on the championship it's
6dGwNGj8ggu-00014-00003594-00003856 an interesting road to get to where you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00015-00003857-00004151 got to what was it like to go through
6dGwNGj8ggu-00016-00004152-00004565 that Journey that process with this team
6dGwNGj8ggu-00017-00004566-00004852 oh I mean how to I don't know if words
6dGwNGj8ggu-00018-00004853-00005177 can express everything you know um
6dGwNGj8ggu-00019-00005178-00005381 didn't start off too well in the season
6dGwNGj8ggu-00020-00005382-00005759 but hit our hit our best you know Games
6dGwNGj8ggu-00021-00005760-00006035 Starting in the region playoffs and you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00022-00006036-00006197 know it ended up taking us to a national
6dGwNGj8ggu-00023-00006198-00006317 title
6dGwNGj8ggu-00024-00006318-00006532 you know when you look at this team and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00025-00006533-00006820 okay you mentioned that you didn't start
6dGwNGj8ggu-00026-00006822-00007175 at your best but what what were the
6dGwNGj8ggu-00027-00007176-00007313 characteristics of the team that you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00028-00007314-00007505 think it kind of fell back on that that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00029-00007506-00007673 it pulled from is probably a better way
6dGwNGj8ggu-00030-00007673-00008074 that allowed them to make this run
6dGwNGj8ggu-00031-00008075-00008453 I think it was the belief in themselves
6dGwNGj8ggu-00032-00008454-00008591 um you know we went through some rough
6dGwNGj8ggu-00033-00008592-00008764 times but they knew what we were capable
6dGwNGj8ggu-00034-00008765-00009046 of and they just kept working hard to to
6dGwNGj8ggu-00035-00009047-00009305 get where we got coach talk a little bit
6dGwNGj8ggu-00036-00009306-00009701 about the the guys from that 1819 season
6dGwNGj8ggu-00037-00009702-00010085 excuse me not 18 19 20 season where it
6dGwNGj8ggu-00038-00010086-00010295 got cut short because of the pandemic
6dGwNGj8ggu-00039-00010296-00010492 and we were talking a little bit about
6dGwNGj8ggu-00040-00010493-00010817 how you know Wisconsin was rallying that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00041-00010818-00010985 particular season and no one got a
6dGwNGj8ggu-00042-00010986-00011245 chance to see it come to a conclusion
6dGwNGj8ggu-00043-00011246-00011609 and for a lot of those guys in looking
6dGwNGj8ggu-00044-00011610-00011783 at whether we're looking at news
6dGwNGj8ggu-00045-00011784-00012083 articles or social media posts a lot of
6dGwNGj8ggu-00046-00012084-00012328 them kind of felt like they were a part
6dGwNGj8ggu-00047-00012329-00012628 of this group feeling as if that their
6dGwNGj8ggu-00048-00012629-00012827 opportunities were thwarted obviously
6dGwNGj8ggu-00049-00012828-00013060 because of the pandemic so you had a
6dGwNGj8ggu-00050-00013061-00013277 little extra support from from some guys
6dGwNGj8ggu-00051-00013278-00013457 who had played from you for you excuse
6dGwNGj8ggu-00052-00013458-00013661 me in the past
6dGwNGj8ggu-00053-00013662-00013847 most definitely
6dGwNGj8ggu-00054-00013847-00014075 um it just shows to me what what our
6dGwNGj8ggu-00055-00014076-00014285 program is about right we we preach
6dGwNGj8ggu-00056-00014286-00014501 family all the time
6dGwNGj8ggu-00057-00014502-00014777 um our staff is made up of a couple
6dGwNGj8ggu-00058-00014778-00015172 extra player or ex players my associate
6dGwNGj8ggu-00059-00015173-00015485 head coach has been with me for 18 plus
6dGwNGj8ggu-00060-00015486-00015875 years my father on the staff and and to
6dGwNGj8ggu-00061-00015876-00016097 show those guys continuing to support
6dGwNGj8ggu-00062-00016097-00016385 our program it just shows that the true
6dGwNGj8ggu-00063-00016386-00016541 family
6dGwNGj8ggu-00064-00016542-00016817 um of what our program is about
6dGwNGj8ggu-00065-00016818-00017147 when you're out there recruiting and and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00066-00017148-00017321 trying to find the next set of athletes
6dGwNGj8ggu-00067-00017322-00017585 that are going to come in
6dGwNGj8ggu-00068-00017586-00017783 um probably a lot of athletes that from
6dGwNGj8ggu-00069-00017784-00017977 the beginning aren't looking at MATC
6dGwNGj8ggu-00070-00017978-00018341 what is it that you you're able to bring
6dGwNGj8ggu-00071-00018342-00018605 them into and man I'm sorry this is a
6dGwNGj8ggu-00072-00018606-00019021 crappy question let me start over Okay
6dGwNGj8ggu-00073-00019022-00019271 I guess wanna it's the last show Coach
6dGwNGj8ggu-00074-00019272-00019486 I'm so sorry but when you're trying to
6dGwNGj8ggu-00075-00019487-00019744 bring these athletes to MATC what is it
6dGwNGj8ggu-00076-00019745-00019930 that gets them in the door that's way
6dGwNGj8ggu-00077-00019931-00020043 better let's start there
6dGwNGj8ggu-00078-00020044-00020308 [Music]
6dGwNGj8ggu-00079-00020309-00020572 um obviously people want to be part of a
6dGwNGj8ggu-00080-00020573-00020741 winning program right that's the biggest
6dGwNGj8ggu-00081-00020742-00021053 thing and how how can this program help
6dGwNGj8ggu-00082-00021054-00021383 them continue on at a four-year level
6dGwNGj8ggu-00083-00021384-00021617 um in the last five years our program
6dGwNGj8ggu-00084-00021618-00022043 has went to 131 and 22. so
6dGwNGj8ggu-00085-00022044-00022313 um guys see that and and want to be a
6dGwNGj8ggu-00086-00022314-00022583 part of a winning culture and know know
6dGwNGj8ggu-00087-00022584-00022817 that winning is going to help them get
6dGwNGj8ggu-00088-00022818-00023033 to where they want to go as well
6dGwNGj8ggu-00089-00023034-00023393 coach what did it mean if if you can put
6dGwNGj8ggu-00090-00023394-00023663 it into words when you were named coach
6dGwNGj8ggu-00091-00023664-00024125 of the year uh for the n4c yeah it it's
6dGwNGj8ggu-00092-00024126-00024299 it's got to help not only with
6dGwNGj8ggu-00093-00024300-00024575 recruiting but it's got to be a nice pat
6dGwNGj8ggu-00094-00024576-00024893 on the back for the level of success
6dGwNGj8ggu-00095-00024894-00025108 that you just talked about with that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00096-00025109-00025547 program there at MATC
6dGwNGj8ggu-00097-00025548-00025781 um I mean it does mean a lot it it just
6dGwNGj8ggu-00098-00025782-00026068 shows that you know the players that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00099-00026069-00026296 have have played for me you know that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00100-00026297-00026585 are are willing to buy into to what we
6dGwNGj8ggu-00101-00026586-00026855 want to do as a program right
6dGwNGj8ggu-00102-00026856-00027185 um as as good a coach as as you are
6dGwNGj8ggu-00103-00027186-00027370 right you have to have the players that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00104-00027372-00027640 buy into what you want to do that make
6dGwNGj8ggu-00105-00027641-00027952 those things possible right so
6dGwNGj8ggu-00106-00027954-00028223 um it's a testament to those young men
6dGwNGj8ggu-00107-00028224-00028583 and buying into our program
6dGwNGj8ggu-00108-00028583-00028757 questions that I'll try to ask decently
6dGwNGj8ggu-00109-00028758-00029051 this time so we'll see if that actually
6dGwNGj8ggu-00110-00029052-00029381 happens but you know looking into next
6dGwNGj8ggu-00111-00029382-00029657 season uh a while ago
6dGwNGj8ggu-00112-00029658-00029831 Mike McCarthy when he was with the
6dGwNGj8ggu-00113-00029832-00030017 Packers he said we're not we're not
6dGwNGj8ggu-00114-00030018-00030202 defending our Championship we're we're
6dGwNGj8ggu-00115-00030204-00030407 hunting for a new one which I thought
6dGwNGj8ggu-00116-00030408-00030731 was really sound to say so looking into
6dGwNGj8ggu-00117-00030732-00031012 the next season coming up what's your
6dGwNGj8ggu-00118-00031013-00031289 approach going to be to kind of maintain
6dGwNGj8ggu-00119-00031289-00031457 this incredible success you've had for
6dGwNGj8ggu-00120-00031458-00031696 so long
6dGwNGj8ggu-00121-00031697-00031918 you know hits his putting in hard work
6dGwNGj8ggu-00122-00031919-00032152 and knowing and explaining to them that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00123-00032154-00032357 nothing is guaranteed just because we
6dGwNGj8ggu-00124-00032358-00032573 did the things we did this year that's
6dGwNGj8ggu-00125-00032574-00032771 not guaranteed for next year that's not
6dGwNGj8ggu-00126-00032772-00033029 guaranteed for the year after that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00127-00033030-00033215 um we have to work hard for everything
6dGwNGj8ggu-00128-00033216-00033545 that we're going to earn and knowing
6dGwNGj8ggu-00129-00033546-00033707 that we have a Target on our back
6dGwNGj8ggu-00130-00033708-00033887 because now everybody's going to want to
6dGwNGj8ggu-00131-00033888-00034067 knock off the national champions right
6dGwNGj8ggu-00132-00034068-00034385 so we're going to have to work and and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00133-00034386-00034595 know the expectations that are out in
6dGwNGj8ggu-00134-00034596-00034817 front of us hey coach one final question
6dGwNGj8ggu-00135-00034818-00035279 for you has the idea really affected
6dGwNGj8ggu-00136-00035280-00035699 MATC with regards to things like nil and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00137-00035700-00035867 and other
6dGwNGj8ggu-00138-00035868-00036083 um division one two and three programs
6dGwNGj8ggu-00139-00036084-00036352 coming in and trying to maybe grab some
6dGwNGj8ggu-00140-00036353-00036562 athletes a little bit earlier I know
6dGwNGj8ggu-00141-00036563-00036868 we're on a two-year program at MATC but
6dGwNGj8ggu-00142-00036869-00037127 has your program been affected at all
6dGwNGj8ggu-00143-00037128-00037402 with guys who have made maybe had some
6dGwNGj8ggu-00144-00037403-00037643 success in year one were those division
6dGwNGj8ggu-00145-00037644-00037805 one two or three three teams are coming
6dGwNGj8ggu-00146-00037806-00037985 in and trying to grab them maybe a year
6dGwNGj8ggu-00147-00037986-00038189 early
6dGwNGj8ggu-00148-00038190-00038368 um I I think you have all ends of the
6dGwNGj8ggu-00149-00038369-00038590 spectrums to be honest with you with the
6dGwNGj8ggu-00150-00038591-00038855 the transfer portal and and things like
6dGwNGj8ggu-00151-00038856-00038962 that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00152-00038963-00039149 um being a two-year School sometimes
6dGwNGj8ggu-00153-00039150-00039389 it's now a one-year school for both ways
6dGwNGj8ggu-00154-00039390-00039611 right right sure coming in transferring
6dGwNGj8ggu-00155-00039612-00039880 back you know all those things where
6dGwNGj8ggu-00156-00039881-00040133 we've we've always had a tough time with
6dGwNGj8ggu-00157-00040134-00040373 you think by the time after two years
6dGwNGj8ggu-00158-00040374-00040571 are done they're they're finally in that
6dGwNGj8ggu-00159-00040572-00040793 Groove exactly where you want them to be
6dGwNGj8ggu-00160-00040794-00041021 in your program and they're gone well
6dGwNGj8ggu-00161-00041022-00041207 these days with all the things going on
6dGwNGj8ggu-00162-00041208-00041495 sometimes that's only one year so
6dGwNGj8ggu-00163-00041496-00041777 um we just have to adjust and and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00164-00041778-00042023 and keep doing the things we do and and
6dGwNGj8ggu-00165-00042024-00042251 helping these young men reach their
6dGwNGj8ggu-00166-00042252-00042352 goals
6dGwNGj8ggu-00167-00042353-00042667 uh coach yesterday was National Beer day
6dGwNGj8ggu-00168-00042668-00043007 how did you celebrate that and how did
6dGwNGj8ggu-00169-00043008-00043367 you celebrate your title
6dGwNGj8ggu-00170-00043368-00043540 um I mean it's kind of been a whirlwind
6dGwNGj8ggu-00171-00043541-00043811 since we've been back uh we you know
6dGwNGj8ggu-00172-00043812-00044099 we've had a lot of love from the city
6dGwNGj8ggu-00173-00044100-00044321 and different places wanting us to be in
6dGwNGj8ggu-00174-00044322-00044524 come talk to us
6dGwNGj8ggu-00175-00044525-00044680 um you know with being good Friday
6dGwNGj8ggu-00176-00044681-00044921 yesterday school was closed so it was
6dGwNGj8ggu-00177-00044922-00045173 really a time for me to just sit back
6dGwNGj8ggu-00178-00045174-00045430 and reflect on the journey that we had
6dGwNGj8ggu-00179-00045431-00045724 what we actually accomplished so it was
6dGwNGj8ggu-00180-00045725-00045946 just the day to sit back and take it all
6dGwNGj8ggu-00181-00045947-00046199 in very well said coach congratulations
6dGwNGj8ggu-00182-00046200-00046357 on the national championship
6dGwNGj8ggu-00183-00046358-00046624 congratulations on being named Coach of
6dGwNGj8ggu-00184-00046625-00046823 the Year enjoy the rest of the weekend
6dGwNGj8ggu-00185-00046824-00047015 it was great talking to you
6dGwNGj8ggu-00186-00047016-00047249 thanks for having me take care guys all
6dGwNGj8ggu-00187-00047250-00047458 right that's Randy Casey the head coach
6dGwNGj8ggu-00188-00047459-00047752 at MATC as we noted coming off of the
6dGwNGj8ggu-00189-00047753-00047968 national championship getting some Coach
6dGwNGj8ggu-00190-00047969-00048190 of the Year honors which is nice to see
6dGwNGj8ggu-00191-00048191-00048479 college basketball again in this Fair
6dGwNGj8ggu-00192-00048480-00048730 city of ours kind of gaining some
6dGwNGj8ggu-00193-00048731-00049046 relevance nationally
6e6vnO3AMgk-00000-00000050-00000339 the nebular hypothesis as the most
6e6vnO3AMgk-00001-00000340-00000613 widely accepted model in the field of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00002-00000614-00000892 cosmogony to explain the formation and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00003-00000893-00001186 evolution of the solar system as well as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00004-00001187-00001579 other planetary systems it suggests that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00005-00001580-00001818 the solar system is formed from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00006-00001819-00002146 nebulous material the theory was
6e6vnO3AMgk-00007-00002147-00002427 developed by Immanuel Kant and published
6e6vnO3AMgk-00008-00002428-00002689 in his algemene inator Josh de onde
6e6vnO3AMgk-00009-00002690-00003046 theory de himmel's Universal Natural
6e6vnO3AMgk-00010-00003047-00003345 History and theory of the heavens
6e6vnO3AMgk-00011-00003346-00003850 published in 1755 originally applied to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00012-00003851-00004081 the solar system the process of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00013-00004082-00004339 planetary system formation is now
6e6vnO3AMgk-00014-00004340-00004525 thought to be at work throughout the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00015-00004526-00004891 universe the widely accepted modern
6e6vnO3AMgk-00016-00004892-00005197 variant of the nebular hypothesis as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00017-00005198-00005584 solar nebula disc model SN DM or solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00018-00005585-00005998 nebula model it offered explanations for
6e6vnO3AMgk-00019-00005999-00006235 a variety of properties of the solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00020-00006236-00006538 system including the nearly circular and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00021-00006539-00006798 coplanar orbits of the planets and their
6e6vnO3AMgk-00022-00006800-00007023 motion in the same direction as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00023-00007025-00007366 sun's rotation some elements of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00024-00007367-00007663 original nebular hypothesis are echoed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00025-00007664-00007879 in modern theories of planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00026-00007880-00008134 formation but most elements have been
6e6vnO3AMgk-00027-00008134-00008344 superseded
6e6vnO3AMgk-00028-00008345-00008617 according to the nebular hypothesis
6e6vnO3AMgk-00029-00008618-00008908 stars form in massive and dense clouds
6e6vnO3AMgk-00030-00008909-00009213 of molecular hydrogen giant molecular
6e6vnO3AMgk-00031-00009214-00009645 clouds GMC these clouds are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00032-00009646-00009880 gravitationally unstable and matter
6e6vnO3AMgk-00033-00009881-00010110 coalesce is within them two smaller
6e6vnO3AMgk-00034-00010111-00010426 denser clumps which then rotate collapse
6e6vnO3AMgk-00035-00010427-00010834 and form stars star formation as a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00036-00010835-00011152 complex process which always produces a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00037-00011153-00011458 gaseous protoplanetary disc Pro plate
6e6vnO3AMgk-00038-00011459-00011776 around the young star this may give
6e6vnO3AMgk-00039-00011777-00011974 birth to planets in certain
6e6vnO3AMgk-00040-00011975-00012273 circumstances which are not well known
6e6vnO3AMgk-00041-00012274-00012610 thus the formation of planetary systems
6e6vnO3AMgk-00042-00012611-00012880 as thought to be a natural result of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00043-00012881-00013308 star formation a sun-like star usually
6e6vnO3AMgk-00044-00013309-00013594 takes approximately 1 million year to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00045-00013594-00013840 form with the protoplanetary disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00046-00013841-00014143 evolving into a planetary system over
6e6vnO3AMgk-00047-00014144-00014463 the next 10 to 100 million years the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00048-00014463-00014728 protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00049-00014729-00015103 that feeds the central star initially
6e6vnO3AMgk-00050-00015104-00015397 very hot the disk later cools in what is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00051-00015397-00015684 known as the T Tauri star stage here
6e6vnO3AMgk-00052-00015685-00015978 formation of small dust grains made of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00053-00015979-00016312 rocks and ice as possible the grains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00054-00016313-00016556 eventually may coagulate into
6e6vnO3AMgk-00055-00016557-00016881 kilometer-sized planetesimals if the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00056-00016882-00017103 disk is massive enough the runaway
6e6vnO3AMgk-00057-00017104-00017496 accretions begin resulting in the rapid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00058-00017497-00017955 100,000 to 300,000 years formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00059-00017956-00018300 moon to Mars sized planetary embryos
6e6vnO3AMgk-00060-00018301-00018684 near the star the planetary embryos go
6e6vnO3AMgk-00061-00018685-00018894 through a stage of violent mergers
6e6vnO3AMgk-00062-00018895-00019287 producing a few terrestrial planets the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00063-00019288-00019600 last stage takes approximately 100
6e6vnO3AMgk-00064-00019601-00019891 million to a billion years the formation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00065-00019892-00020137 of giant planets as a more complicated
6e6vnO3AMgk-00066-00020138-00020515 process it is thought to occur beyond
6e6vnO3AMgk-00067-00020516-00020775 the frost line where planetary embryos
6e6vnO3AMgk-00068-00020776-00021075 mainly are made of various types of ice
6e6vnO3AMgk-00069-00021076-00021460 as a result they are several times more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00070-00021461-00021678 massive than in the inner part of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00071-00021679-00021727 proto
6e6vnO3AMgk-00072-00021728-00022090 planetary disc what follows after the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00073-00022091-00022393 embryo formation is not completely clear
6e6vnO3AMgk-00074-00022394-00022726 some embryos appear to continue to grow
6e6vnO3AMgk-00075-00022727-00023011 and eventually reach five to ten earth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00076-00023012-00023353 masses the threshold value which is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00077-00023354-00023587 necessary to begin accretion of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00078-00023588-00023947 hydrogen helium gas from the disc the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00079-00023948-00024205 accumulation of gas by the core as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00080-00024206-00024514 initially a slow process which continues
6e6vnO3AMgk-00081-00024515-00024763 for several million years but after the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00082-00024764-00025042 forming protoplanet reaches about 30
6e6vnO3AMgk-00083-00025043-00025321 Earth masses M it accelerates and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00084-00025322-00025711 proceeds in a runaway manner Jupiter and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00085-00025712-00025918 Saturn like planets are thought to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00086-00025919-00026172 accumulate the bulk of their mass during
6e6vnO3AMgk-00087-00026173-00026602 only 10,000 years the accretion stops
6e6vnO3AMgk-00088-00026602-00026902 when the gas is exhausted the formed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00089-00026902-00027202 planets can migrate over long distances
6e6vnO3AMgk-00090-00027202-00027540 during or after their formation ice
6e6vnO3AMgk-00091-00027541-00027840 giants such as Uranus and Neptune are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00092-00027841-00028108 thought to be failed cores which formed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00093-00028108-00028300 too late when the disc had almost
6e6vnO3AMgk-00094-00028301-00028925 disappeared
6e6vnO3AMgk-00095-00028926-00029450 topic history
6e6vnO3AMgk-00096-00029451-00029689 there is evidence that emanuel
6e6vnO3AMgk-00097-00029691-00029963 swedenborg first proposed parts of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00098-00029964-00030491 nebular hypothesis in 1734 Immanuel Kant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00099-00030492-00030727 familiar with Swedenborg's were
6e6vnO3AMgk-00100-00030729-00031102 developed the theory further in 1755
6e6vnO3AMgk-00101-00031104-00031391 publishing his own universal natural
6e6vnO3AMgk-00102-00031392-00031607 history and theory of the heavens
6e6vnO3AMgk-00103-00031608-00031874 wherein he argued that gaseous clouds
6e6vnO3AMgk-00104-00031875-00032219 nebulae slowly rotate gradually collapse
6e6vnO3AMgk-00105-00032220-00032507 and flatten due to gravity eventually
6e6vnO3AMgk-00106-00032508-00032773 forming stars and planets pierre-simon
6e6vnO3AMgk-00107-00032774-00033056 Laplace independently developed and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00108-00033057-00033470 proposed a similar model in 1796 in his
6e6vnO3AMgk-00109-00033471-00033833 exposition du system a du monde he
6e6vnO3AMgk-00110-00033834-00034079 envisioned that the Sun originally had
6e6vnO3AMgk-00111-00034080-00034328 an extended hot atmosphere throughout
6e6vnO3AMgk-00112-00034329-00034664 the volume of the solar system his
6e6vnO3AMgk-00113-00034665-00034904 theory featured a contracting and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00114-00034905-00035213 cooling proto solar cloud the proto
6e6vnO3AMgk-00115-00035214-00035534 solar nebula as this cooled and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00116-00035535-00035792 contracted it flattened and spun more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00117-00035793-00036050 rapidly throwing off or shedding a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00118-00036051-00036335 series of gaseous rings of material and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00119-00036336-00036608 according to him the planets condensed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00120-00036609-00036941 from this material his model was similar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00121-00036942-00037244 to cancer except more detailed and on a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00122-00037245-00037376 smaller scale
6e6vnO3AMgk-00123-00037377-00037673 while the laplacian nebular model
6e6vnO3AMgk-00124-00037674-00037943 dominated in the 19th century it
6e6vnO3AMgk-00125-00037944-00038300 encountered a number of difficulties the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00126-00038301-00038594 main problem involved angular momentum
6e6vnO3AMgk-00127-00038595-00038887 distribution between the Sun and planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00128-00038888-00039281 the planets have 99% of the angular
6e6vnO3AMgk-00129-00039282-00039542 momentum and this fact could not be
6e6vnO3AMgk-00130-00039543-00039826 explained by the nebular model as a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00131-00039827-00040160 result astronomers largely abandoned
6e6vnO3AMgk-00132-00040161-00040424 this theory of planet formation at the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00133-00040425-00040723 beginning of the 20th century
6e6vnO3AMgk-00134-00040724-00041047 a major critique came during the 19th
6e6vnO3AMgk-00135-00041048-00041511 century from James Clerk Maxwell 1831 to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00136-00041512-00041830 1879 who maintained that different
6e6vnO3AMgk-00137-00041831-00042040 rotation between the inner and outer
6e6vnO3AMgk-00138-00042041-00042264 parts of a ring could not allow
6e6vnO3AMgk-00139-00042265-00042661 condensation of material astronomer Sir
6e6vnO3AMgk-00140-00042662-00042943 David Brewster also rejected Laplace
6e6vnO3AMgk-00141-00042944-00043378 writing in 1876 that those who believe
6e6vnO3AMgk-00142-00043379-00043672 in the nebular theory consider it as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00143-00043673-00043966 certain that our Earth derived its solid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00144-00043967-00044233 matter and its atmosphere from a ring
6e6vnO3AMgk-00145-00044234-00044524 thrown from the solar atmosphere which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00146-00044525-00044836 afterwards contracted into a solid Turei
6e6vnO3AMgk-00147-00044837-00045121 quiesce fear from which the moon was
6e6vnO3AMgk-00148-00045122-00045486 thrown off by the same process
6e6vnO3AMgk-00149-00045487-00045843 he argued that under such view the moon
6e6vnO3AMgk-00150-00045844-00046158 must necessarily have carried off water
6e6vnO3AMgk-00151-00046159-00046470 and air from the watery and aerial parts
6e6vnO3AMgk-00152-00046471-00046843 of the earth and must have an atmosphere
6e6vnO3AMgk-00153-00046844-00047151 Brewster claimed that Sir Isaac Newton's
6e6vnO3AMgk-00154-00047152-00047387 religious beliefs had previously
6e6vnO3AMgk-00155-00047388-00047690 considered nebular ideas as tending to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00156-00047691-00047940 atheism and quoted him as saying that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00157-00047941-00048270 the growth of new systems out of old
6e6vnO3AMgk-00158-00048271-00048564 ones without the mediation of a divine
6e6vnO3AMgk-00159-00048565-00048943 power seemed to him apparently absurd
6e6vnO3AMgk-00160-00048944-00049242 the perceived deficiencies of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00161-00049243-00049554 laplacian model stimulated scientists to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00162-00049555-00049875 find a replacement for it during the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00163-00049876-00050196 20th century many theories addressed the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00164-00050197-00050514 issue including the planetesimals of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00165-00050515-00050812 Thomas Chamberlain and Forrest Moulton
6e6vnO3AMgk-00166-00050813-00051239 1901 the title model of James Gene's
6e6vnO3AMgk-00167-00051240-00051646 1917 the accretion model of Otto Schmidt
6e6vnO3AMgk-00168-00051647-00051989 1944 the protoplanet theory of william
6e6vnO3AMgk-00169-00051990-00052362 McCrae 1960 and finally the capture
6e6vnO3AMgk-00170-00052363-00052878 theory of Michael Wolfson in 1978 Andrew
6e6vnO3AMgk-00171-00052879-00053091 Prentiss resurrected the initial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00172-00053091-00053364 laplacian ideas about planet formation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00173-00053365-00053589 and developed the modern laplacian
6e6vnO3AMgk-00174-00053590-00053949 theory none of these attempts proved
6e6vnO3AMgk-00175-00053950-00054216 completely successful and many of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00176-00054216-00054597 proposed theories were descriptive the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00177-00054598-00054837 birth of the modern widely accepted
6e6vnO3AMgk-00178-00054838-00055191 theory of planetary formation the solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00179-00055191-00055614 nebula disk model s nd M can be traced
6e6vnO3AMgk-00180-00055615-00055907 to the Soviet astronomer Victor Saffron
6e6vnO3AMgk-00181-00055908-00056397 of his 1969 book evolution of the proto
6e6vnO3AMgk-00182-00056398-00056666 planetary cloud and formation of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00183-00056667-00056850 earth and the planets which was
6e6vnO3AMgk-00184-00056851-00057230 translated to English in 1972 had a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00185-00057232-00057444 long-lasting effect on the way
6e6vnO3AMgk-00186-00057445-00057716 scientists think about the formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00187-00057717-00058062 the planets in this book almost all
6e6vnO3AMgk-00188-00058063-00058292 major problems of the planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00189-00058294-00058592 formation process were formulated and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00190-00058594-00058967 some of them solved Safran auvs ideas
6e6vnO3AMgk-00191-00058969-00059204 were further developed in the works of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00192-00059205-00059457 George Wetherill who discovered runaway
6e6vnO3AMgk-00193-00059458-00059819 accretion while originally applied only
6e6vnO3AMgk-00194-00059820-00060224 to the solar system the SN DM was
6e6vnO3AMgk-00195-00060225-00060473 we thought by theorists to be at work
6e6vnO3AMgk-00196-00060474-00060725 throughout the universe as of the 1st of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00197-00060726-00061001 December 2018 astronomers have
6e6vnO3AMgk-00198-00061002-00061460 discovered 3903 extrasolar planets in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00199-00061461-00062076 our galaxy
6e6vnO3AMgk-00200-00062077-00062492 topic Solar nebular model achievements
6e6vnO3AMgk-00201-00062494-00063295 and problems
6e6vnO3AMgk-00202-00063296-00063824 topic achievements
6e6vnO3AMgk-00203-00063825-00064154 the star formation process naturally
6e6vnO3AMgk-00204-00064154-00064400 results in the appearance of accretion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00205-00064401-00064696 discs around young stellar objects at
6e6vnO3AMgk-00206-00064697-00065087 the age of about 1 million year 100
6e6vnO3AMgk-00207-00065088-00065386 percent of stars may have such disks
6e6vnO3AMgk-00208-00065387-00065684 this conclusion is supported by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00209-00065685-00065969 discovery of the gaseous and dusty discs
6e6vnO3AMgk-00210-00065970-00066284 around protostars and t-tauri stars as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00211-00066285-00066670 well as by theoretical considerations
6e6vnO3AMgk-00212-00066671-00066938 observations of these discs show that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00213-00066939-00067217 the dust grains inside them grow in size
6e6vnO3AMgk-00214-00067218-00067477 on short thousand-year timescales
6e6vnO3AMgk-00215-00067478-00067802 producing 1 centimeter sized particles
6e6vnO3AMgk-00216-00067803-00068081 the accretion process by which one
6e6vnO3AMgk-00217-00068082-00068387 kilometer planetesimals grow into one
6e6vnO3AMgk-00218-00068388-00068696 thousand kilometers sized bodies is well
6e6vnO3AMgk-00219-00068697-00069065 understood now this process develops
6e6vnO3AMgk-00220-00069066-00069311 inside any disc where the number density
6e6vnO3AMgk-00221-00069312-00069608 of planetesimals is sufficiently high
6e6vnO3AMgk-00222-00069609-00069986 and proceeds in a runaway manner growth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00223-00069987-00070301 later slows and continues as oligarchic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00224-00070302-00070649 accretion the end result as formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00225-00070650-00070985 planetary embryos of varying sizes which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00226-00070986-00071263 depend on the distance from the star
6e6vnO3AMgk-00227-00071264-00071579 various simulations have demonstrated
6e6vnO3AMgk-00228-00071580-00071831 that the merger of embryos in the inner
6e6vnO3AMgk-00229-00071832-00072110 part of the proto planetary disc leads
6e6vnO3AMgk-00230-00072111-00072353 to the formation of a few earth sized
6e6vnO3AMgk-00231-00072354-00072698 bodies thus the origin of terrestrial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00232-00072699-00072974 planets is now considered to be an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00233-00072975-00073654 almost solved problem
6e6vnO3AMgk-00234-00073655-00074217 topic current issues
6e6vnO3AMgk-00235-00074218-00074463 the physics of accretion disks
6e6vnO3AMgk-00236-00074464-00074730 encounters some problems the most
6e6vnO3AMgk-00237-00074731-00075018 important one is how the material which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00238-00075019-00075294 is accreted by the protostar loses its
6e6vnO3AMgk-00239-00075295-00075624 angular momentum one possible
6e6vnO3AMgk-00240-00075625-00075933 explanation suggested by Hannes Alvin
6e6vnO3AMgk-00241-00075934-00076197 was that angular momentum was shed by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00242-00076198-00076317 the solar wind
6e6vnO3AMgk-00243-00076318-00076662 during its t-tauri stars' phase the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00244-00076663-00076887 momentum is transported to the outer
6e6vnO3AMgk-00245-00076888-00077237 parts of the disc by viscous stresses
6e6vnO3AMgk-00246-00077238-00077535 viscosity is generated by macroscopic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00247-00077536-00077817 turbulence but the precise mechanism
6e6vnO3AMgk-00248-00077818-00078063 that produces this turbulence as not
6e6vnO3AMgk-00249-00078064-00078450 well understood another possible process
6e6vnO3AMgk-00250-00078451-00078675 for shedding angular momentum as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00251-00078676-00078918 magnetic braking where the spin of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00252-00078919-00079188 star is transferred into the surrounding
6e6vnO3AMgk-00253-00079189-00079572 disk via that star's magnetic field the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00254-00079573-00079827 main processes responsible for the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00255-00079828-00080079 disappearance of the gas in discs are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00256-00080080-00080373 viscous diffusion and photo evaporation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00257-00080374-00080652 the formation of planetesimals as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00258-00080653-00080922 biggest unsolved problem in the nebular
6e6vnO3AMgk-00259-00080923-00081282 disk model how one centimeter sized
6e6vnO3AMgk-00260-00081283-00081582 particles coalesce into one kilometer
6e6vnO3AMgk-00261-00081583-00081906 planetesimals as a mystery this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00262-00081907-00082164 mechanism appears to be the key to the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00263-00082165-00082401 question as to why some stars have
6e6vnO3AMgk-00264-00082402-00082653 planets while others have nothing around
6e6vnO3AMgk-00265-00082654-00082956 them not even dust belts the formation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00266-00082957-00083256 timescale of giant planets is also an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00267-00083257-00083601 important problem old theories were
6e6vnO3AMgk-00268-00083602-00083877 unable to explain how their cores could
6e6vnO3AMgk-00269-00083878-00084102 form fast enough to accumulate
6e6vnO3AMgk-00270-00084103-00084339 significant amounts of gas from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00271-00084340-00084585 quickly disappearing protoplanetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00272-00084586-00084942 discs the mean lifetime of the discs
6e6vnO3AMgk-00273-00084943-00085326 which is less than 10 million 107 years
6e6vnO3AMgk-00274-00085327-00085533 appeared to be shorter than the time
6e6vnO3AMgk-00275-00085534-00085905 necessary for the core formation much
6e6vnO3AMgk-00276-00085906-00086154 progress has been done to solve this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00277-00086155-00086412 problem and current models of giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00278-00086413-00086667 planet formation are now capable of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00279-00086668-00086958 forming Jupiter or more massive planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00280-00086959-00087258 in about 4 million years or less well
6e6vnO3AMgk-00281-00087259-00087483 within the average lifetime of gaseous
6e6vnO3AMgk-00282-00087484-00087582 discs
6e6vnO3AMgk-00283-00087583-00087822 another potential problem of giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00284-00087823-00088041 planet formation as their orbital
6e6vnO3AMgk-00285-00088042-00088398 migration some calculations show that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00286-00088399-00088644 interaction with the disk can cause
6e6vnO3AMgk-00287-00088645-00088941 rapid inward migration which if not
6e6vnO3AMgk-00288-00088942-00089205 stopped results in the planet reaching
6e6vnO3AMgk-00289-00089206-00089520 the central regions still as a sub
6e6vnO3AMgk-00290-00089521-00089906 Jovian object more recent calculations
6e6vnO3AMgk-00291-00089907-00090177 indicate that disc evolution during
6e6vnO3AMgk-00292-00090178-00090966 migration can mitigate this problem
6e6vnO3AMgk-00293-00090967-00091310 topic formation of stars and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00294-00091311-00092184 protoplanetary disks
6e6vnO3AMgk-00295-00092185-00092752 topic protostars
6e6vnO3AMgk-00296-00092753-00093058 stars are thought to form inside giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00297-00093059-00093427 clouds of cold molecular hydrogen giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00298-00093428-00093778 molecular clouds roughly 300,000 times
6e6vnO3AMgk-00299-00093779-00094126 the mass of the Sun M and 20 parsecs in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00300-00094127-00094531 diameter over millions of years giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00301-00094532-00094780 molecular clouds are prone to collapse
6e6vnO3AMgk-00302-00094781-00095143 and fragmentation these fragments then
6e6vnO3AMgk-00303-00095144-00095455 form small dense cores which in turn
6e6vnO3AMgk-00304-00095456-00095851 collapse into stars the cores range in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00305-00095852-00096109 mass from a fraction to several times
6e6vnO3AMgk-00306-00096110-00096289 that of the Sun and are called
6e6vnO3AMgk-00307-00096290-00096676 protostellar proto solar nebulae they
6e6vnO3AMgk-00308-00096677-00097330 possess diameters of 0.01 to 0.1% 2,000
6e6vnO3AMgk-00309-00097331-00097633 to 20,000 astronomical units and a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00310-00097634-00097864 particle number density of roughly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00311-00097865-00098293 10,000 to 100,000 centimeters minus 3
6e6vnO3AMgk-00312-00098294-00098545 the initial collapse of a solar mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00313-00098546-00098911 protostellar nebula takes around 100,000
6e6vnO3AMgk-00314-00098912-00099298 years every nebula begins with a certain
6e6vnO3AMgk-00315-00099299-00099622 amount of angular momentum gas in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00316-00099623-00099817 central part of the nebula with
6e6vnO3AMgk-00317-00099818-00100057 relatively low angular momentum
6e6vnO3AMgk-00318-00100058-00100354 undergoes fast compression and forms a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00319-00100355-00100639 hot hydrostatic not contracting core
6e6vnO3AMgk-00320-00100640-00100888 containing a small fraction of the mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00321-00100889-00101266 of the original nebula this core forms
6e6vnO3AMgk-00322-00101267-00101512 the seed of what will become a star as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00323-00101513-00101851 the collapse continues conservation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00324-00101852-00102148 angular momentum means that the rotation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00325-00102149-00102397 of the infalling envelope accelerates
6e6vnO3AMgk-00326-00102398-00102646 which largely prevents the gas from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00327-00102647-00102921 directly accreting onto the central core
6e6vnO3AMgk-00328-00102922-00103240 the gas has instead forced to spread
6e6vnO3AMgk-00329-00103241-00103471 outwards near its equatorial plane
6e6vnO3AMgk-00330-00103472-00103767 forming a disc which in turn accretes
6e6vnO3AMgk-00331-00103768-00104125 onto the core the core gradually grows
6e6vnO3AMgk-00332-00104126-00104394 in mass until it becomes a young hot
6e6vnO3AMgk-00333-00104395-00104767 protostar at this stage the protostar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00334-00104768-00105049 and its disc are heavily obscured by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00335-00105050-00105316 infalling envelope and are not directly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00336-00105317-00105481 observable
6e6vnO3AMgk-00337-00105482-00105783 in fact the remaining envelopes opacity
6e6vnO3AMgk-00338-00105784-00106030 is so high that even millimeter wave
6e6vnO3AMgk-00339-00106031-00106306 radiation has trouble escaping from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00340-00106307-00106683 inside it such objects are observed as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00341-00106684-00106969 very bright condensations which emit
6e6vnO3AMgk-00342-00106970-00107182 mainly millimeter wave and sub
6e6vnO3AMgk-00343-00107183-00107617 millimeter wave radar classified as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00344-00107618-00107883 spectral class zero protostars
6e6vnO3AMgk-00345-00107884-00108145 the collapse is often accompanied by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00346-00108146-00108619 bipolar outflows Jets that emanate along
6e6vnO3AMgk-00347-00108620-00108921 the rotational axis of the inferred disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00348-00108922-00109267 the Jets are frequently observed in star
6e6vnO3AMgk-00349-00109268-00109725 forming regions see herbig-haro objects
6e6vnO3AMgk-00350-00109726-00110029 the luminosity of the class zero
6e6vnO3AMgk-00351-00110030-00110347 protostars as high a solar mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00352-00110348-00110715 protostar may radiate at up to 100 solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00353-00110716-00111046 luminosities the source of this energy
6e6vnO3AMgk-00354-00111047-00111373 as gravitational collapse as their cores
6e6vnO3AMgk-00355-00111374-00111631 are not yet hot enough to begin nuclear
6e6vnO3AMgk-00356-00111632-00111807 fusion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00357-00111808-00112113 as the in fall of its material onto the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00358-00112114-00112413 disk continues the envelope eventually
6e6vnO3AMgk-00359-00112414-00112661 becomes thin and transparent and the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00360-00112663-00112956 young stellar object yso becomes
6e6vnO3AMgk-00361-00112957-00113220 observable initially in far infrared
6e6vnO3AMgk-00362-00113221-00113520 light and later in the visible around
6e6vnO3AMgk-00363-00113521-00113838 this time the protostar begins to fuse
6e6vnO3AMgk-00364-00113839-00114104 deuterium if the protostar is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00365-00114105-00114401 sufficiently massive above 80 Jupiter
6e6vnO3AMgk-00366-00114402-00114811 masses MJ hydrogen fusion follows
6e6vnO3AMgk-00367-00114813-00115154 otherwise if its mass as too low the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00368-00115155-00115529 object becomes a brown dwarf this birth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00369-00115530-00115820 of a new star occurs approximately
6e6vnO3AMgk-00370-00115821-00116209 100,000 years after the collapse begins
6e6vnO3AMgk-00371-00116210-00116510 objects at this stage are known as class
6e6vnO3AMgk-00372-00116511-00116757 1 proto stars which are also called
6e6vnO3AMgk-00373-00116758-00117128 young T Tauri stars evolved protostars
6e6vnO3AMgk-00374-00117129-00117519 or young stellar objects by this time
6e6vnO3AMgk-00375-00117520-00117803 the forming star has already accreted
6e6vnO3AMgk-00376-00117804-00118068 much of its mass the total mass of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00377-00118069-00118299 disk and remaining envelope does not
6e6vnO3AMgk-00378-00118300-00118608 exceed 10 to 20 percent of the mass of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00379-00118608-00118940 the central yso at the next stage the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00380-00118941-00119208 envelope completely disappears having
6e6vnO3AMgk-00381-00119208-00119426 been gathered up by the disk and the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00382-00119427-00119718 protostar becomes a classical t-tauri
6e6vnO3AMgk-00383-00119719-00120099 star this happens after about 1 million
6e6vnO3AMgk-00384-00120100-00120389 year the mass of the disk around a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00385-00120390-00120747 classical t-tauri star as about 1 to 3%
6e6vnO3AMgk-00386-00120748-00121037 of the stellar mass and it is accreted
6e6vnO3AMgk-00387-00121038-00121508 at a rate of 10 - 7 - 10 - 9 m per year
6e6vnO3AMgk-00388-00121509-00121853 a pair of bipolar Jets as usually
6e6vnO3AMgk-00389-00121854-00122162 present as well the accretion explains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00390-00122163-00122450 all peculiar properties of classical
6e6vnO3AMgk-00391-00122451-00122745 t-tauri stars' strong flux in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00392-00122746-00123053 emission lines up to 100 percent of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00393-00123054-00123265 intrinsic luminosity of the star
6e6vnO3AMgk-00394-00123266-00123535 magnetic activity photometric
6e6vnO3AMgk-00395-00123536-00123799 variability and jets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00396-00123800-00124099 the emission lines actually form as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00397-00124100-00124477 accreted gas hits the surface of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00398-00124478-00124753 star which happens around its magnetic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00399-00124754-00125034 poles the Jets are byproducts of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00400-00125035-00125299 accretion they carry away excessive
6e6vnO3AMgk-00401-00125300-00125685 angular momentum the classical T Tauri
6e6vnO3AMgk-00402-00125686-00126049 stage lasts about ten million years the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00403-00126050-00126298 disc eventually disappears due to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00404-00126299-00126583 accretion onto the central star planet
6e6vnO3AMgk-00405-00126583-00126865 formation ejection by jets and photo
6e6vnO3AMgk-00406-00126866-00127171 evaporation by UV radiation from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00407-00127172-00127479 central star and nearby stars as a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00408-00127480-00127819 result the young star becomes a weakly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00409-00127820-00128143 lined T Tauri star which slowly over
6e6vnO3AMgk-00410-00128144-00128407 hundreds of millions of years evolves
6e6vnO3AMgk-00411-00128408-00129140 into an ordinary sun-like star
6e6vnO3AMgk-00412-00129141-00129783 topic protoplanetary disks
6e6vnO3AMgk-00413-00129784-00130090 under certain circumstances the disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00414-00130091-00130353 which can now be called protoplanetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00415-00130354-00130760 may give birth to a planetary system
6e6vnO3AMgk-00416-00130761-00131020 protoplanetary discs have been observed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00417-00131021-00131311 around a very high fraction of stars in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00418-00131312-00131671 young star clusters they exist from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00419-00131672-00131935 beginning of a stars formation but at
6e6vnO3AMgk-00420-00131936-00132220 the earliest stages are unobservable due
6e6vnO3AMgk-00421-00132221-00132427 to the opacity of the surrounding
6e6vnO3AMgk-00422-00132428-00132835 envelope the disk of a class 0 protostar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00423-00132836-00133152 is thought to be massive and hot it is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00424-00133153-00133402 an accretion disk which feeds the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00425-00133403-00133714 central protostar the temperature can
6e6vnO3AMgk-00426-00133715-00134054 easily exceed 400 K inside 5
6e6vnO3AMgk-00427-00134055-00134454 astronomical units and 1000 K inside one
6e6vnO3AMgk-00428-00134455-00134785 astronomical unit the heating of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00429-00134786-00135082 disk is primarily caused by the viscous
6e6vnO3AMgk-00430-00135083-00135343 dissipation of turbulence in it and by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00431-00135344-00135594 the in fall of the gas from the nebula
6e6vnO3AMgk-00432-00135595-00135910 the high temperature in the inner disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00433-00135911-00136179 causes most of the volatile material
6e6vnO3AMgk-00434-00136180-00136503 water organics and some rocks to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00435-00136504-00136728 evaporate leaving only the most
6e6vnO3AMgk-00436-00136729-00137098 refractory elements like iron the ice
6e6vnO3AMgk-00437-00137099-00137368 can survive only in the outer part of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00438-00137369-00137548 the disc
6e6vnO3AMgk-00439-00137549-00137776 the main problem in the physics of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00440-00137777-00138027 accretion discs as the generation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00441-00138028-00138307 turbulence and the mechanism responsible
6e6vnO3AMgk-00442-00138308-00138631 for the high effective viscosity the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00443-00138632-00138866 turbulent viscosity is thought to be
6e6vnO3AMgk-00444-00138867-00139111 responsible for the transport of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00445-00139112-00139341 mass to the central protostar and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00446-00139342-00139593 momentum to the periphery of the disc
6e6vnO3AMgk-00447-00139594-00139936 this is vital for accretion because the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00448-00139937-00140158 gas can be accreted by the central
6e6vnO3AMgk-00449-00140159-00140451 protostar only if it loses most of its
6e6vnO3AMgk-00450-00140452-00140731 angular momentum which must be carried
6e6vnO3AMgk-00451-00140732-00140947 away by the small part of the gas
6e6vnO3AMgk-00452-00140948-00141279 drifting outwards the result of this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00453-00141280-00141501 process as the growth of both the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00454-00141502-00141769 protostar and of the disk radius which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00455-00141770-00142101 can reach 1,000 astronomical units if
6e6vnO3AMgk-00456-00142102-00142336 the initial angular momentum of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00457-00142337-00142716 nebula is large enough large discs are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00458-00142717-00143013 routinely observed in many star forming
6e6vnO3AMgk-00459-00143014-00143413 regions such as the Orion Nebula the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00460-00143414-00143691 lifespan of the accretion disks as about
6e6vnO3AMgk-00461-00143692-00144013 10 million years by the time the star
6e6vnO3AMgk-00462-00144014-00144334 reaches the classical t-tauri stage the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00463-00144335-00144682 disk becomes thinner and cools less
6e6vnO3AMgk-00464-00144683-00144939 volatile materials start to condense
6e6vnO3AMgk-00465-00144940-00145351 close to its center forming 0.12 one
6e6vnO3AMgk-00466-00145352-00145602 micrometer dust grains that contain
6e6vnO3AMgk-00467-00145603-00145963 crystalline silicates the transport of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00468-00145964-00146236 the material from the outer disk can mix
6e6vnO3AMgk-00469-00146237-00146488 these newly formed dust grains with
6e6vnO3AMgk-00470-00146489-00146749 primordial ones which contain organic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00471-00146750-00147145 matter and other volatiles this mixing
6e6vnO3AMgk-00472-00147146-00147414 can explain some peculiarities in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00473-00147415-00147706 composition of solar system bodies such
6e6vnO3AMgk-00474-00147707-00147937 as the presence of interstellar grains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00475-00147938-00148147 in the primitive meteorites and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00476-00148148-00148505 refractory inclusions in comets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00477-00148506-00148757 dust particles tend to stick to each
6e6vnO3AMgk-00478-00148758-00149006 other in the dense disk environment
6e6vnO3AMgk-00479-00149007-00149237 leading to the formation of larger
6e6vnO3AMgk-00480-00149238-00149504 particles up to several centimeters in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00481-00149505-00149819 size the signatures of the dust
6e6vnO3AMgk-00482-00149820-00150107 processing and coagulation are observed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00483-00150108-00150332 in the infrared spectra of the young
6e6vnO3AMgk-00484-00150333-00150716 disks further aggregation can lead to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00485-00150717-00150998 the formation of planetesimals measuring
6e6vnO3AMgk-00486-00150999-00151313 one kilometer across or larger which are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00487-00151314-00151567 the building blocks of planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00488-00151568-00151835 planetesimals formation as another
6e6vnO3AMgk-00489-00151836-00152117 unsolved problem of disk physics as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00490-00152118-00152381 simple sticking becomes ineffective as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00491-00152382-00152624 dust particles grow larger one
6e6vnO3AMgk-00492-00152625-00152857 hypothesis as formation by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00493-00152858-00153209 gravitational instability particles
6e6vnO3AMgk-00494-00153210-00153506 several centimeters in size or larger
6e6vnO3AMgk-00495-00153507-00153758 slowly settle near the middle plane of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00496-00153759-00154100 the disk forming a very thin less than
6e6vnO3AMgk-00497-00154101-00154532 100 kilometers and dense layer this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00498-00154533-00154820 layer is gravitationally unstable and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00499-00154821-00155096 may fragment into numerous clumps which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00500-00155097-00155413 in turn collapse into planetesimals
6e6vnO3AMgk-00501-00155414-00155738 however the differing velocities of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00502-00155739-00155975 gas disc and the solids near the mid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00503-00155976-00156227 plane can generate turbulence which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00504-00156228-00156458 prevents the layer from becoming thin
6e6vnO3AMgk-00505-00156459-00156692 enough to fragment due to gravitational
6e6vnO3AMgk-00506-00156693-00157097 instability this may limit the formation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00507-00157098-00157370 of planetesimals via gravitational
6e6vnO3AMgk-00508-00157371-00157667 instabilities to specific locations in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00509-00157668-00157886 the disk where the concentration of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00510-00157887-00158258 solids as enhanced another possible
6e6vnO3AMgk-00511-00158259-00158453 mechanism for the formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00512-00158454-00158654 planetesimals as the streaming
6e6vnO3AMgk-00513-00158655-00158933 instability in which the drag felt by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00514-00158934-00159230 particles orbiting through gas creates a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00515-00159231-00159452 feedback effect causing the growth of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00516-00159453-00159821 local concentrations these local
6e6vnO3AMgk-00517-00159822-00160058 concentration push back on the gas
6e6vnO3AMgk-00518-00160059-00160307 creating a region where the headwind
6e6vnO3AMgk-00519-00160308-00160654 felt by the particles as smaller the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00520-00160655-00160910 concentration as thus able to orbit
6e6vnO3AMgk-00521-00160911-00161284 faster and undergoes less radial drift
6e6vnO3AMgk-00522-00161285-00161542 isolated particles join these
6e6vnO3AMgk-00523-00161543-00161828 concentrations as they are overtaken or
6e6vnO3AMgk-00524-00161829-00162062 as they drift inward causing it to grow
6e6vnO3AMgk-00525-00162063-00162473 in mass eventually these concentrations
6e6vnO3AMgk-00526-00162474-00162764 for massive filaments which fragment and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00527-00162765-00163052 undergo gravitational collapse forming
6e6vnO3AMgk-00528-00163053-00163304 planetesimals the size of the larger
6e6vnO3AMgk-00529-00163305-00163619 asteroids planetary formation can also
6e6vnO3AMgk-00530-00163620-00163832 be triggered by gravitational
6e6vnO3AMgk-00531-00163833-00164114 instability within the disc itself which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00532-00164115-00164425 leads to its fragmentation into clumps
6e6vnO3AMgk-00533-00164426-00164717 some of them if they are dense enough
6e6vnO3AMgk-00534-00164718-00164987 will collapse which can lead to rapid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00535-00164988-00165272 formation of gas giant planets and even
6e6vnO3AMgk-00536-00165273-00165605 brown dwarfs on the timescale of 1000
6e6vnO3AMgk-00537-00165606-00165977 years if these clumps migrate inward as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00538-00165978-00166247 the collapse proceeds tidal forces from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00539-00166248-00166502 the star can result in a significant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00540-00166503-00166849 mass loss leaving behind a smaller body
6e6vnO3AMgk-00541-00166850-00167189 however it is only possible in massive
6e6vnO3AMgk-00542-00167190-00167707 discs more massive than 0.3 m in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00543-00167708-00168170 comparison typical disk masses are 0.01
6e6vnO3AMgk-00544-00168171-00168710 to 0.03 m because the massive discs are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00545-00168711-00168944 rare this mechanism of the planet
6e6vnO3AMgk-00546-00168945-00169187 formation has thought to be infrequent
6e6vnO3AMgk-00547-00169188-00169544 on the other hand this mechanism may
6e6vnO3AMgk-00548-00169545-00169808 play a major role in the formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00549-00169809-00170022 brown dwarfs
6e6vnO3AMgk-00550-00170023-00170232 the ultimate dissipation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00551-00170233-00170508 protoplanetary disks as triggered by a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00552-00170509-00170862 number of different mechanisms the inner
6e6vnO3AMgk-00553-00170863-00171120 part of the disk is either accreted by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00554-00171121-00171413 the star are ejected by the bipolar jets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00555-00171414-00171645 whereas the outer part can evaporate
6e6vnO3AMgk-00556-00171646-00171993 under the stars powerful UV radiation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00557-00171994-00172265 during the T Tauri stage or by nearby
6e6vnO3AMgk-00558-00172266-00172656 stars the gas in the central part can
6e6vnO3AMgk-00559-00172657-00172881 either be accreted or ejected by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00560-00172882-00173133 growing planets while the small dust
6e6vnO3AMgk-00561-00173134-00173387 particles are ejected by the radiation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00562-00173388-00173729 pressure of the central star what is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00563-00173730-00173994 finally left is either a planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00564-00173995-00174249 system a remnant disk of dust without
6e6vnO3AMgk-00565-00174250-00174519 planets or nothing if planetesimals
6e6vnO3AMgk-00566-00174520-00174843 failed to form because planetesimals are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00567-00174844-00175085 so numerous and spread throughout the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00568-00175086-00175371 protoplanetary disk some survived the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00569-00175372-00175673 formation of a planetary system
6e6vnO3AMgk-00570-00175674-00175964 asteroids are understood to be left over
6e6vnO3AMgk-00571-00175965-00176262 planetesimals gradually grinding each
6e6vnO3AMgk-00572-00176263-00176516 other down into smaller and smaller bits
6e6vnO3AMgk-00573-00176517-00176811 while comets are typically planetesimals
6e6vnO3AMgk-00574-00176812-00177099 from the farther reaches of a planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00575-00177100-00177450 system meteorites are samples of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00576-00177451-00177701 planetesimals that reach a planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00577-00177702-00177962 surface and provide a great deal of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00578-00177963-00178202 information about the formation of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00579-00178203-00178575 solar system primitive type meteorites
6e6vnO3AMgk-00580-00178576-00178782 are chunks of shattered low mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00581-00178783-00179041 planetesimals where no thermal
6e6vnO3AMgk-00582-00179042-00179259 differentiation took place while
6e6vnO3AMgk-00583-00179260-00179520 processed type meteorites are chunks
6e6vnO3AMgk-00584-00179521-00180288 from shattered massive planetesimals
6e6vnO3AMgk-00585-00180289-00181263 topic formation of planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00586-00181264-00181837 topic rocky planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00587-00181838-00182140 according to the solar nebula disk model
6e6vnO3AMgk-00588-00182141-00182435 rocky planets form in the inner part of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00589-00182436-00182675 the proto planetary disc within the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00590-00182676-00182938 frost line where the temperature is high
6e6vnO3AMgk-00591-00182939-00183212 enough to prevent condensation of water
6e6vnO3AMgk-00592-00183213-00183528 ice and other substances into grains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00593-00183529-00183896 this results in coagulation of purely
6e6vnO3AMgk-00594-00183897-00184169 rocky grains and later in the formation
6e6vnO3AMgk-00595-00184170-00184559 of rocky planetesimals such conditions
6e6vnO3AMgk-00596-00184560-00184804 are thought to exist in the inner three
6e6vnO3AMgk-00597-00184805-00185077 to four astronomical units part of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00598-00185078-00185345 disk of a sun-like star after small
6e6vnO3AMgk-00599-00185346-00185689 planetesimals about one kilometer in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00600-00185690-00186016 diameter have formed by one way or
6e6vnO3AMgk-00601-00186017-00186400 another runaway accretion begins it is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00602-00186401-00186652 called runaway because the mass growth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00603-00186653-00186964 rate is proportional to R for tilde M
6e6vnO3AMgk-00604-00186965-00187334 4/3 where R an M R the radius and mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00605-00187335-00187694 of the growing body respectively the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00606-00187695-00187937 specific divided by mass growth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00607-00187938-00188309 accelerates as the mass increases this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00608-00188310-00188543 leads to the preferential growth of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00609-00188544-00188803 larger bodies at the expense of smaller
6e6vnO3AMgk-00610-00188804-00189235 ones the runaway accretion lasts between
6e6vnO3AMgk-00611-00189236-00189601 10,000 and 100,000 years and ends when
6e6vnO3AMgk-00612-00189602-00189884 the largest bodies exceed approximately
6e6vnO3AMgk-00613-00189885-00190319 1,000 kilometers in diameter slowing of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00614-00190320-00190564 the accretion is caused by gravitational
6e6vnO3AMgk-00615-00190565-00190864 perturbations by large bodies on the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00616-00190865-00191246 remaining planetesimals in addition the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00617-00191247-00191537 influence of larger bodies stops further
6e6vnO3AMgk-00618-00191538-00191825 growth of smaller bodies the next stage
6e6vnO3AMgk-00619-00191826-00192182 is called oligarchic accretion it is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00620-00192183-00192403 characterized by the dominance of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00621-00192404-00192675 several hundred of the largest bodies
6e6vnO3AMgk-00622-00192676-00192937 oligarchs which continue to slowly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00623-00192938-00193331 accrete planetesimals no body other than
6e6vnO3AMgk-00624-00193332-00193694 the oligarchs can grow at this stage the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00625-00193695-00194002 rate of accretion is proportional to R 2
6e6vnO3AMgk-00626-00194003-00194275 which is derived from the geometrical
6e6vnO3AMgk-00627-00194276-00194578 cross-section of an oligarch the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00628-00194579-00194861 specific accretion rate is proportional
6e6vnO3AMgk-00629-00194862-00195139 to M minus one-third and it declines
6e6vnO3AMgk-00630-00195140-00195221 with the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00631-00195222-00195518 of the body this allows smaller
6e6vnO3AMgk-00632-00195519-00195889 oligarchs to catch up to larger ones the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00633-00195890-00196127 oligarchs are kept at the distance of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00634-00196128-00196540 about ten our our equals of one em3 mega
6e6vnO3AMgk-00635-00196541-00196820 seconds one third as the hill radius
6e6vnO3AMgk-00636-00196821-00197147 where a is the semi-major axis e is the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00637-00197148-00197411 orbital eccentricity and misses the mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00638-00197412-00197663 of the central star from each other by
6e6vnO3AMgk-00639-00197664-00197825 the influence of the remaining
6e6vnO3AMgk-00640-00197826-00198136 planetesimals their orbital
6e6vnO3AMgk-00641-00198137-00198410 eccentricities and inclinations remains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00642-00198411-00198746 small the oligarchs continue to accrete
6e6vnO3AMgk-00643-00198747-00199043 until planetesimals are exhausted in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00644-00199044-00199378 disk around them sometimes nearby
6e6vnO3AMgk-00645-00199379-00199690 oligarchs merge the final mass of an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00646-00199691-00199939 oligarch depends on the distance from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00647-00199940-00200159 the star and surface density of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00648-00200160-00200372 planetesimals and is called the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00649-00200373-00200768 isolation mass for the rocky planets it
6e6vnO3AMgk-00650-00200769-00201314 is up to 0.1 m or 1 Mars mass the final
6e6vnO3AMgk-00651-00201315-00201575 result of the oligarchic stage as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00652-00201576-00201853 formation of about 100 moon to Mars
6e6vnO3AMgk-00653-00201854-00202214 sized planetary embryos uniformly spaced
6e6vnO3AMgk-00654-00202215-00202532 at about 10 hour they are thought to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00655-00202533-00202816 reside inside gaps in the disk and to be
6e6vnO3AMgk-00656-00202817-00203041 separated by rings of remaining
6e6vnO3AMgk-00657-00203042-00203402 planetesimals this stage has thought to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00658-00203403-00203660 last a few hundred thousand years the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00659-00203661-00203960 last stage of rocky planet formation as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00660-00203961-00204320 the merger stage it begins when only a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00661-00204321-00204602 small number of planetesimals remains
6e6vnO3AMgk-00662-00204603-00204848 and embryos become massive enough to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00663-00204848-00205111 perturb each other which causes their
6e6vnO3AMgk-00664-00205112-00205330 orbits to become chaotic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00665-00205331-00205636 during this stage embryos expel
6e6vnO3AMgk-00666-00205637-00205921 remaining planetesimals and collide with
6e6vnO3AMgk-00667-00205923-00206221 each other the result of this process
6e6vnO3AMgk-00668-00206223-00206594 which lasts for ten to 100 million years
6e6vnO3AMgk-00669-00206594-00206846 is the formation of a limited number of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00670-00206846-00207248 earths sized bodies simulations show
6e6vnO3AMgk-00671-00207248-00207500 that the number of surviving planets as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00672-00207501-00207871 on average from two to five in the solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00673-00207873-00208151 system they may be represented by earth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00674-00208152-00208526 and venus formation of both planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00675-00208527-00208671 required merge
6e6vnO3AMgk-00676-00208672-00209002 approximately 10 to 20 embryos while an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00677-00209003-00209221 equal number of them were thrown out of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00678-00209222-00209575 the solar system some of the embryos
6e6vnO3AMgk-00679-00209576-00209840 which originated in the asteroid belt
6e6vnO3AMgk-00680-00209841-00210028 are thought to have brought water to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00681-00210029-00210433 earth Mars and Mercury may be regarded
6e6vnO3AMgk-00682-00210434-00210697 as remaining embryos that survived that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00683-00210698-00211096 rivalry rocky planets which have managed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00684-00211097-00211399 to coalesce settle eventually into more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00685-00211400-00211678 or less stable orbits explaining why
6e6vnO3AMgk-00686-00211679-00211951 planetary systems are generally packed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00687-00211952-00212230 to the limit or in other words why they
6e6vnO3AMgk-00688-00212231-00212444 always appear to be at the brink of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00689-00212444-00213032 instability
6e6vnO3AMgk-00690-00213033-00213608 topic giant planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00691-00213609-00213908 the formation of giant planets as an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00692-00213909-00214160 outstanding problem in the planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00693-00214161-00214514 sciences in the framework of the solar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00694-00214515-00214781 nebula model two theories for their
6e6vnO3AMgk-00695-00214782-00215144 formation exist the first one as the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00696-00215144-00215402 disk instability model where giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00697-00215403-00215598 planets form in the massive
6e6vnO3AMgk-00698-00215600-00215876 protoplanetary disks as a result of its
6e6vnO3AMgk-00699-00215877-00216178 gravitational fragmentation see above
6e6vnO3AMgk-00700-00216179-00216491 the second possibility as the core
6e6vnO3AMgk-00701-00216492-00216764 accretion model which is also known as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00702-00216765-00217096 the nucleated instability model the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00703-00217098-00217313 latter scenario is thought to be the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00704-00217314-00217562 most promising one because it can
6e6vnO3AMgk-00705-00217563-00217790 explain the formation of the giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00706-00217791-00218081 planets in relatively low mass discs
6e6vnO3AMgk-00707-00218082-00218564 less than 0.1 m in this model giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00708-00218565-00218837 planet formation as divided into two
6e6vnO3AMgk-00709-00218838-00219083 stages of accretion of a core of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00710-00219084-00219377 approximately 10 m and b accretion of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00711-00219378-00219742 gas from the protoplanetary disk either
6e6vnO3AMgk-00712-00219744-00220040 method may also lead to the creation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00713-00220041-00220439 brown dwarfs searches as of 2011 have
6e6vnO3AMgk-00714-00220440-00220703 found that core accretion is likely the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00715-00220704-00220969 dominant formation mechanism giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00716-00220971-00221213 planet core formation as thought to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00717-00221214-00221450 proceed roughly along the lines of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00718-00221451-00221816 terrestrial planet formation it starts
6e6vnO3AMgk-00719-00221817-00222094 with planetesimals that undergo runaway
6e6vnO3AMgk-00720-00222096-00222392 growth followed by the slower oligarchic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00721-00222392-00222800 stage hypotheses do not predict a merger
6e6vnO3AMgk-00722-00222801-00223048 stage due to the low probability of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00723-00223050-00223348 collisions between planetary embryos in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00724-00223350-00223690 the outer part of planetary systems an
6e6vnO3AMgk-00725-00223691-00223946 additional difference as the composition
6e6vnO3AMgk-00726-00223946-00224225 of the planetesimals which in the case
6e6vnO3AMgk-00727-00224226-00224467 of giant planets form beyond the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00728-00224469-00224723 so-called snow line and consists mainly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00729-00224723-00225107 of ice the ice to rock ratio is about
6e6vnO3AMgk-00730-00225108-00225488 four to one this enhances the mass of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00731-00225489-00225689 planetesimals fourfold
6e6vnO3AMgk-00732-00225690-00226037 however the minimum mass nebula capable
6e6vnO3AMgk-00733-00226038-00226319 of terrestrial planet formation can only
6e6vnO3AMgk-00734-00226319-00226640 form one to two M cores at the distance
6e6vnO3AMgk-00735-00226641-00226969 of Jupiter 5 astronomical units with
6e6vnO3AMgk-00736-00226971-00227306 ten million years the latter number
6e6vnO3AMgk-00737-00227307-00227548 represents the average lifetime of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00738-00227550-00227944 gaseous disks around sun-like stars the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00739-00227946-00228248 proposed solutions include enhanced mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00740-00228248-00228563 of the disk a tenfold increase would
6e6vnO3AMgk-00741-00228564-00228842 suffice protoplanet migration which
6e6vnO3AMgk-00742-00228842-00229069 allows the embryo to accrete more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00743-00229071-00229342 planetesimals and finally accretion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00744-00229344-00229585 enhancement due to gas drag in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00745-00229586-00229948 gaseous envelopes of the embryos some
6e6vnO3AMgk-00746-00229950-00230221 combination of the above-mentioned ideas
6e6vnO3AMgk-00747-00230223-00230482 may explain the formation of the cores
6e6vnO3AMgk-00748-00230483-00230798 of gas giant planets such as Jupiter and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00749-00230798-00231167 perhaps even Saturn the formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00750-00231167-00231457 planets like Uranus and Neptune as more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00751-00231458-00231748 problematic since no theory has been
6e6vnO3AMgk-00752-00231750-00232054 capable of providing for the in-situ
6e6vnO3AMgk-00753-00232055-00232321 formation of their cores at the distance
6e6vnO3AMgk-00754-00232323-00232642 of 20 to 30 astronomical units from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00755-00232644-00232988 central star one hypothesis says that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00756-00232989-00233240 they initially accreted in the Jupiter
6e6vnO3AMgk-00757-00233241-00233485 Saturn region then were scattered and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00758-00233486-00233742 migrated to their present location
6e6vnO3AMgk-00759-00233744-00234065 another possible solution as the growth
6e6vnO3AMgk-00760-00234066-00234317 of the cores of the giant planets via
6e6vnO3AMgk-00761-00234317-00234665 pebble accretion in pebble accretion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00762-00234666-00234938 objects between a cm and a meter in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00763-00234939-00235198 diameter falling toward a massive body
6e6vnO3AMgk-00764-00235200-00235475 are slowed enough by gas drag for them
6e6vnO3AMgk-00765-00235476-00235744 to spiral toward it and be accreted
6e6vnO3AMgk-00766-00235744-00236078 growth via pebble accretion may be as
6e6vnO3AMgk-00767-00236079-00236387 much as 1,000 times faster than by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00768-00236388-00236654 accretion of planetesimals once the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00769-00236655-00236954 cores are of sufficient mass 5 to 10 M
6e6vnO3AMgk-00770-00236955-00237182 they begin to gather gas from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00771-00237183-00237544 surrounding disk initially it is a slow
6e6vnO3AMgk-00772-00237546-00237863 process increasing the core masses up to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00773-00237864-00238244 30 M in a few million years after that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00774-00238244-00238463 the accretion rates increased
6e6vnO3AMgk-00775-00238464-00238757 dramatically and the remaining 90% of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00776-00238758-00238937 the mass has accumulated in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00777-00238938-00239354 approximately 10,000 years the accretion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00778-00239355-00239612 of gas stops when the supply from the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00779-00239613-00239832 disk is exhausted
6e6vnO3AMgk-00780-00239833-00240060 this happens gradually due to the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00781-00240061-00240296 formation of a density gap in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00782-00240296-00240519 protoplanetary disk and to disk
6e6vnO3AMgk-00783-00240519-00240879 dispersal in this model ice giants
6e6vnO3AMgk-00784-00240880-00241257 Uranus and Neptune are failed course
6e6vnO3AMgk-00785-00241258-00241548 that began gas accretion too late when
6e6vnO3AMgk-00786-00241548-00241838 almost all gas had already disappeared
6e6vnO3AMgk-00787-00241839-00242219 the post runaway gas accretions stage is
6e6vnO3AMgk-00788-00242221-00242487 characterized by migration of the newly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00789-00242488-00242792 formed giant planets and continued slow
6e6vnO3AMgk-00790-00242794-00243192 gas accretion migration is caused by the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00791-00243192-00243450 interaction of the planet sitting in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00792-00243451-00243777 gap with the remaining disk it stops
6e6vnO3AMgk-00793-00243778-00244073 when the protoplanetary disk disappears
6e6vnO3AMgk-00794-00244075-00244337 or when the end of the disk is attained
6e6vnO3AMgk-00795-00244338-00244683 the latter case corresponds to the so
6e6vnO3AMgk-00796-00244684-00244956 called hot Jupiters which are likely to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00797-00244957-00245171 have stopped their migration when they
6e6vnO3AMgk-00798-00245173-00245348 reached the inner hole in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00799-00245348-00245781 protoplanetary disk giant planets can
6e6vnO3AMgk-00800-00245782-00246030 significantly influence terrestrial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00801-00246031-00246371 planet formation the presence of giants
6e6vnO3AMgk-00802-00246373-00246623 tends to increase eccentricities and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00803-00246625-00246906 inclinations see Kozai mechanism of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00804-00246907-00247161 planetesimals and embryos in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00805-00247162-00247442 terrestrial planet region inside for
6e6vnO3AMgk-00806-00247444-00247740 astronomical units in the solar system
6e6vnO3AMgk-00807-00247741-00248127 if giant planets formed too early they
6e6vnO3AMgk-00808-00248128-00248369 can slow or prevent inner planet
6e6vnO3AMgk-00809-00248371-00248706 accretion if they form near the end of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00810-00248707-00248958 the oligarchic stage as as thought to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00811-00248959-00249198 have happened in the solar system they
6e6vnO3AMgk-00812-00249198-00249453 will influence the merges of planetary
6e6vnO3AMgk-00813-00249454-00249782 embryos making them more violent as a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00814-00249783-00250113 result the number of terrestrial planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00815-00250114-00250311 will decrease and they will be more
6e6vnO3AMgk-00816-00250312-00250653 massive in addition the size of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00817-00250654-00250905 system will shrink because terrestrial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00818-00250906-00251178 planets will form closer to the central
6e6vnO3AMgk-00819-00251179-00251565 star the influence of giant planets in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00820-00251566-00251835 the solar system particularly that of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00821-00251836-00252075 Jupiter is thought to have been limited
6e6vnO3AMgk-00822-00252076-00252312 because they are relatively remote from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00823-00252313-00252567 the terrestrial planets the region of a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00824-00252567-00252852 planetary system adjacent to the giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00825-00252853-00253071 planets will be influenced in a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00826-00253071-00253215 different way
6e6vnO3AMgk-00827-00253216-00253496 in such a region eccentricities of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00828-00253498-00253785 embryos may become so large that the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00829-00253786-00254055 embryos pass close to a giant planet
6e6vnO3AMgk-00830-00254056-00254325 which may cause them to be ejected from
6e6vnO3AMgk-00831-00254326-00254685 the system if all embryos are removed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00832-00254686-00254991 then no planets will form in this region
6e6vnO3AMgk-00833-00254992-00255360 an additional consequence as that a huge
6e6vnO3AMgk-00834-00255361-00255615 number of small planetesimals will
6e6vnO3AMgk-00835-00255616-00255852 remain because giant planets are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00836-00255853-00256067 incapable of clearing them all out
6e6vnO3AMgk-00837-00256069-00256416 without the help of embryos the total
6e6vnO3AMgk-00838-00256417-00256692 mass of remaining planetesimals will be
6e6vnO3AMgk-00839-00256692-00256962 small because cumulative action of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00840-00256963-00257232 embryos before their ejection and giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00841-00257233-00257534 planets as still strong enough to remove
6e6vnO3AMgk-00842-00257535-00257952 99% of the small bodies such a region
6e6vnO3AMgk-00843-00257953-00258237 will eventually evolve into an asteroid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00844-00258238-00258504 belt which is a full analog of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00845-00258505-00258723 asteroid belt in the solar system
6e6vnO3AMgk-00846-00258723-00259101 located from 2 to 4 astronomical units
6e6vnO3AMgk-00847-00259102-00259676 from the Sun
6e6vnO3AMgk-00848-00259677-00260239 topic exoplanets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00849-00260240-00260477 thousands of exoplanets have been
6e6vnO3AMgk-00850-00260478-00260821 identified in the last 20 years the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00851-00260823-00261056 orbits of many of these planets and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00852-00261057-00261271 systems of planets differ significantly
6e6vnO3AMgk-00853-00261273-00261694 from the planets in the solar system the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00854-00261696-00261953 exoplanets discovered include hot
6e6vnO3AMgk-00855-00261954-00262289 Jupiters warm Jupiter's super Earths and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00856-00262290-00262630 systems of tightly packed inner planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00857-00262631-00262991 the hot Jupiters and warm Jupiter's are
6e6vnO3AMgk-00858-00262992-00263168 thought to have migrated to their
6e6vnO3AMgk-00859-00263169-00263434 current orbits during or following their
6e6vnO3AMgk-00860-00263435-00263753 formation a number of possible
6e6vnO3AMgk-00861-00263754-00264008 mechanisms for this migration have been
6e6vnO3AMgk-00862-00264009-00264377 proposed type 1 or type 2 migration
6e6vnO3AMgk-00863-00264378-00264605 could smoothly decrease the semi-major
6e6vnO3AMgk-00864-00264606-00264905 axis of the planet's orbit resulting in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00865-00264906-00265289 a warm or hot Jupiter gravitational
6e6vnO3AMgk-00866-00265290-00265526 scattering by other planets onto
6e6vnO3AMgk-00867-00265527-00265805 eccentric orbits with a perihelion near
6e6vnO3AMgk-00868-00265806-00266027 the star followed by the circularization
6e6vnO3AMgk-00869-00266028-00266357 of its orbit due to tidal interactions
6e6vnO3AMgk-00870-00266358-00266591 with the star can leave a planet on a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00871-00266592-00266945 closed orbit if a massive companion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00872-00266946-00267235 planet or star on an inclined orbit was
6e6vnO3AMgk-00873-00267236-00267500 present an exchange of inclination for
6e6vnO3AMgk-00874-00267501-00267779 eccentricity via the cosy mechanism
6e6vnO3AMgk-00875-00267780-00268007 raising eccentricities and lowering
6e6vnO3AMgk-00876-00268008-00268265 perihelion followed by circularization
6e6vnO3AMgk-00877-00268266-00268727 can also result in a close orbit many of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00878-00268728-00269024 the Jupiter sized planets have eccentric
6e6vnO3AMgk-00879-00269025-00269201 orbits which may indicate that
6e6vnO3AMgk-00880-00269202-00269444 gravitational encounters occurred
6e6vnO3AMgk-00881-00269445-00269573 between the planets
6e6vnO3AMgk-00882-00269574-00269816 although migration while in resonance
6e6vnO3AMgk-00883-00269817-00270194 can also excite eccentricities the in
6e6vnO3AMgk-00884-00270195-00270569 situ growth of hot Jupiters from closely
6e6vnO3AMgk-00885-00270570-00270824 orbiting super-earths has also been
6e6vnO3AMgk-00886-00270825-00271196 proposed the cores in this hypothesis
6e6vnO3AMgk-00887-00271197-00271412 could have formed locally or at a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00888-00271413-00271688 greater distance and migrated close to
6e6vnO3AMgk-00889-00271689-00271940 the star super-earths and other closely
6e6vnO3AMgk-00890-00271941-00272171 orbiting planets are thought to have
6e6vnO3AMgk-00891-00272172-00272465 either formed in situ or to have
6e6vnO3AMgk-00892-00272466-00272663 migrated inward from their initial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00893-00272664-00273140 locations the in situ formation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00894-00273141-00273398 closely orbiting super Earths would
6e6vnO3AMgk-00895-00273399-00273689 require a massive disk the migration of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00896-00273690-00273998 planetary embryos followed by collisions
6e6vnO3AMgk-00897-00273999-00274283 and mergers or the radial drift of small
6e6vnO3AMgk-00898-00274284-00274652 solids from farther out in the disk the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00899-00274653-00274856 migration of the super Earths
6e6vnO3AMgk-00900-00274857-00275078 or the embryos that collided to form
6e6vnO3AMgk-00901-00275079-00275393 them is likely to have been type 1 due
6e6vnO3AMgk-00902-00275394-00275578 to their smaller mass
6e6vnO3AMgk-00903-00275579-00275830 the resonant orbits of some of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00904-00275831-00276121 exoplanet systems indicates that some
6e6vnO3AMgk-00905-00276122-00276316 migration occurred in these systems
6e6vnO3AMgk-00906-00276317-00276595 while the spacing of the orbits in many
6e6vnO3AMgk-00907-00276596-00276844 of the other systems not in resonance
6e6vnO3AMgk-00908-00276845-00277117 indicates that an instability likely
6e6vnO3AMgk-00909-00277118-00277336 occurred in those systems after the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00910-00277337-00277696 dissipation of the gas disc the absence
6e6vnO3AMgk-00911-00277697-00277963 of super Earths and closely orbiting
6e6vnO3AMgk-00912-00277964-00278245 planets in the solar system may be due
6e6vnO3AMgk-00913-00278246-00278491 to the previous formation of Jupiter
6e6vnO3AMgk-00914-00278492-00278728 blocking their inward migration the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00915-00278729-00278995 amount of gas a super-earth that formed
6e6vnO3AMgk-00916-00278996-00279364 in situ acquires may depend on when the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00917-00279365-00279661 planetary embryos merged due to giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00918-00279662-00279922 impacts relative to the dissipation of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00919-00279923-00280303 the gas disc if the mergers happen after
6e6vnO3AMgk-00920-00280304-00280549 the gas disc dissipates terrestrial
6e6vnO3AMgk-00921-00280550-00280870 planets can form if in a transition disc
6e6vnO3AMgk-00922-00280871-00281074 a super-earth with a gas envelope
6e6vnO3AMgk-00923-00281075-00281395 containing a few percent of its mass may
6e6vnO3AMgk-00924-00281396-00281764 form if the mergers happen to early
6e6vnO3AMgk-00925-00281765-00282031 runaway gas accretion may occur leading
6e6vnO3AMgk-00926-00282032-00282388 to the formation of a gas giant the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00927-00282389-00282625 mergers begin when the dynamical
6e6vnO3AMgk-00928-00282626-00282865 friction due to the gas disc becomes
6e6vnO3AMgk-00929-00282866-00283111 insufficient to prevent collisions a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00930-00283112-00283363 process that will begin earlier in a
6e6vnO3AMgk-00931-00283364-00283699 higher metallicity disk alternatively
6e6vnO3AMgk-00932-00283700-00283984 gas accretion may be limited due to the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00933-00283985-00284254 envelopes not being in hydrostatic
6e6vnO3AMgk-00934-00284255-00284566 equilibrium instead gas may flow through
6e6vnO3AMgk-00935-00284567-00284788 the envelope slowing its growth and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00936-00284789-00285031 delaying the onset of runaway gas
6e6vnO3AMgk-00937-00285032-00285262 accretion until the mass of the core
6e6vnO3AMgk-00938-00285263-00286013 reaches 15 Earth masses
6e6vnO3AMgk-00939-00286014-00286631 topic meaning of accretion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00940-00286632-00287066 use of the term accretion disk for the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00941-00287067-00287313 protoplanetary disk leads to confusion
6e6vnO3AMgk-00942-00287314-00287797 over the planetary accretion process the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00943-00287798-00288039 protoplanetary disk is sometimes
6e6vnO3AMgk-00944-00288040-00288299 referred to as an accretion disk because
6e6vnO3AMgk-00945-00288300-00288593 while the young t-tauri like protostar
6e6vnO3AMgk-00946-00288594-00288881 is still contracting gaseous material
6e6vnO3AMgk-00947-00288882-00289145 may still be falling onto it accreting
6e6vnO3AMgk-00948-00289146-00289391 on its surface from the disks inner edge
6e6vnO3AMgk-00949-00289392-00289766 in an accretion disk there is a net flux
6e6vnO3AMgk-00950-00289767-00290030 of mass from larger radii towards
6e6vnO3AMgk-00951-00290031-00290306 smaller radii however that meaning
6e6vnO3AMgk-00952-00290307-00290567 should not be confused with the process
6e6vnO3AMgk-00953-00290568-00290924 of accretion forming the planets in this
6e6vnO3AMgk-00954-00290925-00291242 context accretion refers to the process
6e6vnO3AMgk-00955-00291243-00291548 of cooled solidified grains of dust and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00956-00291549-00291791 ice orbiting the protostar in the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00957-00291792-00292043 protoplanetary disk colliding and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00958-00292044-00292287 sticking together and gradually growing
6e6vnO3AMgk-00959-00292288-00292529 up to and including the high-energy
6e6vnO3AMgk-00960-00292530-00292757 collisions between sizeable
6e6vnO3AMgk-00961-00292758-00293040 planetesimals in addition the giant
6e6vnO3AMgk-00962-00293041-00293321 planets probably had accretion discs of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00963-00293322-00293541 their own in the first meaning of the
6e6vnO3AMgk-00964-00293542-00293916 word the clouds of captured hydrogen and
6e6vnO3AMgk-00965-00293917-00294240 helium gas contracted spun up flattened
6e6vnO3AMgk-00966-00294241-00294521 and deposited gas onto the surface of
6e6vnO3AMgk-00967-00294522-00294776 each giant protoplanet while solid
6e6vnO3AMgk-00968-00294777-00295016 bodies within that disk accreted into
6e6vnO3AMgk-00969-00295017-00295800 the giant planets regular moons
6e6vnO3AMgk-00970-00295801-00296384 topic see also
6e6vnO3AMgk-00971-00296385-00296821 asteroid belt Bok globules
6e6vnO3AMgk-00972-00296822-00297368 comet EXO comet formation and evolution
6e6vnO3AMgk-00973-00297369-00297931 of the solar system herbig-haro object
6e6vnO3AMgk-00974-00297932-00298403 history of Earth Kuiper belt
6e6vnO3AMgk-00975-00298404-00298988 Oort cloud T Tauri star equals equals
6e6vnO3AMgk-00976-00298989-00299234 notes
6gdShzIrn58-00000-00000064-00000311 happy new year
6gdShzIrn58-00001-00000312-00000487 welcome to
6gdShzIrn58-00002-00000488-00000655 reading for royalty with the saskatoon
6gdShzIrn58-00003-00000656-00001095 public library and drag story hour with
6gdShzIrn58-00004-00001096-00001399 storyteller phoenix and storyteller
6gdShzIrn58-00005-00001400-00001759 stabby the unicorn hi we are so excited
6gdShzIrn58-00006-00001760-00001934 to be reading with you today we've got
6gdShzIrn58-00007-00001935-00002175 two fantastic stories as well as a body
6gdShzIrn58-00008-00002176-00002359 break so we should probably jump right
6gdShzIrn58-00009-00002360-00002558 into it what story do you have today to
6gdShzIrn58-00010-00002559-00002902 read i have anne tango makes three
6gdShzIrn58-00011-00002903-00003215 that was a lovely little tail and i have
6gdShzIrn58-00012-00003215-00003622 kahasi and the loon which is an inuit
6gdShzIrn58-00013-00003623-00003719 legend
6gdShzIrn58-00014-00003720-00003935 so those are our two stories today nice
6gdShzIrn58-00015-00003936-00004167 are you going to be reading first sure
6gdShzIrn58-00016-00004168-00004351 all right thanks
6gdShzIrn58-00017-00004352-00004583 uh and tango makes three by justin
6gdShzIrn58-00018-00004584-00004838 richardson and peter parnell illustrated
6gdShzIrn58-00019-00004839-00005038 by henry cole
6gdShzIrn58-00020-00005039-00005222 and
6gdShzIrn58-00021-00005223-00005495 it's published by simon and schuster
6gdShzIrn58-00022-00005496-00005683 books for young
6gdShzIrn58-00023-00005684-00006047 readers in the middle of new york city
6gdShzIrn58-00024-00006048-00006254 there is a great big park called central
6gdShzIrn58-00025-00006255-00006503 park children love to play there it has
6gdShzIrn58-00026-00006504-00006719 a toy boat pond where they can sail
6gdShzIrn58-00027-00006720-00006942 their boats it has a carousel to ride on
6gdShzIrn58-00028-00006943-00007110 in the summer and an ice rink to skate
6gdShzIrn58-00029-00007111-00007327 on in the winter
6gdShzIrn58-00030-00007328-00007639 best of all it has its very own zoo
6gdShzIrn58-00031-00007640-00007863 every day families of all kinds go to
6gdShzIrn58-00032-00007864-00008423 visit the animals that live there
6gdShzIrn58-00033-00008424-00008574 but children and their parents aren't
6gdShzIrn58-00034-00008575-00008831 the only families at the zoo
6gdShzIrn58-00035-00008832-00009055 the animals make families of their own
6gdShzIrn58-00036-00009056-00009278 there are red panda bear families with
6gdShzIrn58-00037-00009279-00009495 mothers and fathers and furry red panda
6gdShzIrn58-00038-00009496-00009606 bear cubs
6gdShzIrn58-00039-00009607-00009814 there are monkey dads and monkey moms
6gdShzIrn58-00040-00009815-00010039 raising noisy monkey babies there are
6gdShzIrn58-00041-00010040-00010246 toad families and tucon
6gdShzIrn58-00042-00010247-00010567 families and cottontop tamarind families
6gdShzIrn58-00043-00010568-00010814 too
6gdShzIrn58-00044-00010815-00011023 exotic
6gdShzIrn58-00045-00011024-00011174 and in the penguin house there are
6gdShzIrn58-00046-00011175-00011438 penguin families every year at the very
6gdShzIrn58-00047-00011439-00011614 same time the girl penguins start
6gdShzIrn58-00048-00011615-00011806 noticing the boy penguins and the boy
6gdShzIrn58-00049-00011807-00012038 penguins start noticing the girls when
6gdShzIrn58-00050-00012039-00012255 the right girl and the right boy find
6gdShzIrn58-00051-00012256-00012510 each other they become a couple
6gdShzIrn58-00052-00012511-00012727 two penguins in the penguin house were a
6gdShzIrn58-00053-00012728-00012983 little bit different one was named roy
6gdShzIrn58-00054-00012984-00013222 and the other one was named cylo
6gdShzIrn58-00055-00013223-00013430 roy and xylo were both boys but they did
6gdShzIrn58-00056-00013431-00013679 everything together they bowed to each
6gdShzIrn58-00057-00013680-00013951 other they walked together they sang to
6gdShzIrn58-00058-00013952-00014199 each other and swam together wherever
6gdShzIrn58-00059-00014200-00014615 roy went silo went too
6gdShzIrn58-00060-00014616-00014758 they didn't spend much time with the
6gdShzIrn58-00061-00014759-00014911 girl penguins and the girl penguins
6gdShzIrn58-00062-00014912-00015127 didn't spend much time with them instead
6gdShzIrn58-00063-00015128-00015311 roy and silo wound their necks around
6gdShzIrn58-00064-00015312-00015622 each other their keeper mr gramzy notice
6gdShzIrn58-00065-00015623-00015783 the two penguins and thought to himself
6gdShzIrn58-00066-00015784-00016071 they must be in love
6gdShzIrn58-00067-00016072-00016247 roy and silo watched how the other
6gdShzIrn58-00068-00016247-00016455 penguins made a home so they built the
6gdShzIrn58-00069-00016456-00016647 nest of stones for themselves every
6gdShzIrn58-00070-00016648-00016839 night roy and zilos slept there together
6gdShzIrn58-00071-00016840-00017343 just like the other penguin couples
6gdShzIrn58-00072-00017344-00017550 and every morning roy and silo woke up
6gdShzIrn58-00073-00017551-00017750 together but one day roy and cylo saw
6gdShzIrn58-00074-00017751-00017863 that the other couples could do
6gdShzIrn58-00075-00017864-00018039 something they could not
6gdShzIrn58-00076-00018040-00018286 the mama penguin would lay an egg she
6gdShzIrn58-00077-00018287-00018486 and the papa penguin would take turns
6gdShzIrn58-00078-00018487-00018703 keeping the egg warm until finally it
6gdShzIrn58-00079-00018704-00018814 would hatch
6gdShzIrn58-00080-00018815-00019143 and then there would be a baby penguin
6gdShzIrn58-00081-00019144-00019399 oh baby penguins are cute and fluffy
6gdShzIrn58-00082-00019400-00019743 look how tiny they are
6gdShzIrn58-00083-00019744-00019911 they don't have like the tuxedo look
6gdShzIrn58-00084-00019912-00020071 though they're all gray
6gdShzIrn58-00085-00020072-00020199 i don't know if they have that they have
6gdShzIrn58-00086-00020200-00020407 to earn their tuxedo i guess i don't
6gdShzIrn58-00087-00020408-00020494 know
6gdShzIrn58-00088-00020495-00020735 roy and silo had no egg to sit on and
6gdShzIrn58-00089-00020736-00020991 keep warm they had no baby chick to feed
6gdShzIrn58-00090-00020992-00021294 and cuddle and love their nest was nice
6gdShzIrn58-00091-00021295-00021519 but it was empty
6gdShzIrn58-00092-00021520-00021735 one day roy found something that looked
6gdShzIrn58-00093-00021736-00021878 like what the other penguins were
6gdShzIrn58-00094-00021879-00022094 hedging and he brought to their nest
6gdShzIrn58-00095-00022095-00022319 it was only a rock but silo carefully
6gdShzIrn58-00096-00022320-00022483 sat on it and
6gdShzIrn58-00097-00022484-00022727 sat and sat
6gdShzIrn58-00098-00022728-00022903 when silo got sleepy he slept and when
6gdShzIrn58-00099-00022904-00023071 silo was done sleeping and sitting he
6gdShzIrn58-00100-00023072-00023271 swam and roy sat
6gdShzIrn58-00101-00023272-00023647 day after day silo and roy sat on a rock
6gdShzIrn58-00102-00023648-00023942 but nothing happened because it's a rock
6gdShzIrn58-00103-00023943-00024086 it's not an egg
6gdShzIrn58-00104-00024087-00024383 then mr gamsy got an idea he found an
6gdShzIrn58-00105-00024384-00024550 egg that needed to be cared for and he
6gdShzIrn58-00106-00024551-00025103 brought it to roy and silo's nest
6gdShzIrn58-00107-00025104-00025327 roy and cylo knew just what to do they
6gdShzIrn58-00108-00025328-00025471 moved the egg to the center of their
6gdShzIrn58-00109-00025472-00025702 nest every day they turned it so each
6gdShzIrn58-00110-00025704-00025943 side stayed warm some days royce sat
6gdShzIrn58-00111-00025944-00026174 with silo while silo went for food other
6gdShzIrn58-00112-00026175-00026343 days it was silo's turn to take care of
6gdShzIrn58-00113-00026344-00026558 their egg they sat in the morning and
6gdShzIrn58-00114-00026560-00026743 they sat at night they sat through lunch
6gdShzIrn58-00115-00026744-00027014 time and swam time and supper they set
6gdShzIrn58-00116-00027016-00027135 at the beginning of the month and they
6gdShzIrn58-00117-00027136-00027302 sat at the end of the month and they sat
6gdShzIrn58-00118-00027304-00027583 all of the days in between
6gdShzIrn58-00119-00027583-00027799 that's a lot of sitting
6gdShzIrn58-00120-00027800-00027999 until one day they heard a sound coming
6gdShzIrn58-00121-00028000-00028311 from inside their egg
6gdShzIrn58-00122-00028312-00028695 it said ruin silent come back swap swap
6gdShzIrn58-00123-00028695-00028879 bats at the egg
6gdShzIrn58-00124-00028880-00028974 oh
6gdShzIrn58-00125-00028975-00029111 unlike a crack
6gdShzIrn58-00126-00029112-00029262 and it's getting bigger
6gdShzIrn58-00127-00029263-00029487 and bigger and now there's a hole and
6gdShzIrn58-00128-00029488-00029743 the hole is getting bigger until
6gdShzIrn58-00129-00029744-00029927 suddenly a tiny hole appeared in the
6gdShzIrn58-00130-00029927-00030302 eggshell and then
6gdShzIrn58-00131-00030303-00030487 crack
6gdShzIrn58-00132-00030488-00030718 out came their very own baby she had
6gdShzIrn58-00133-00030719-00030911 fuzzy white feathers and a funny black
6gdShzIrn58-00134-00030912-00031190 beak now roy and silo were fathers we'll
6gdShzIrn58-00135-00031191-00031423 call her tango said mr ramsay decided
6gdShzIrn58-00136-00031424-00031839 because it takes two to make a tango
6gdShzIrn58-00137-00031839-00032039 roy and xyla taught tango how to sing
6gdShzIrn58-00138-00032039-00032231 for them when she was hungry they fed
6gdShzIrn58-00139-00032232-00032439 her food from their beaks they snuggled
6gdShzIrn58-00140-00032439-00032655 her in their nest at night and tango was
6gdShzIrn58-00141-00032656-00032839 the very first penguin in the zoo to
6gdShzIrn58-00142-00032840-00033118 have two daddies
6gdShzIrn58-00143-00033119-00033207 oh
6gdShzIrn58-00144-00033208-00033390 look at all the penguins
6gdShzIrn58-00145-00033391-00033574 some tangos grew strong enough to leave
6gdShzIrn58-00146-00033575-00033823 the nest roy and silo took her first one
6gdShzIrn58-00147-00033824-00034111 just like all the other penguin families
6gdShzIrn58-00148-00034112-00034318 and all of the children who came to the
6gdShzIrn58-00149-00034319-00034559 zoo could see tango and her two fathers
6gdShzIrn58-00150-00034560-00034743 playing in the penguin house with the
6gdShzIrn58-00151-00034744-00035046 other penguins hooray roy hurry silo
6gdShzIrn58-00152-00035047-00035343 welcome tango they cheered
6gdShzIrn58-00153-00035344-00035590 looks like a good time
6gdShzIrn58-00154-00035591-00035767 at night the three penguins returned to
6gdShzIrn58-00155-00035768-00035983 their nest they snuggled together and
6gdShzIrn58-00156-00035984-00036111 like all the other penguins in the
6gdShzIrn58-00157-00036112-00036359 penguin house and all other animals in
6gdShzIrn58-00158-00036360-00036535 the zoo and all families in the big city
6gdShzIrn58-00159-00036536-00036895 and around them they went to sleep
6gdShzIrn58-00160-00036896-00037071 thank you so much that was so much fun
6gdShzIrn58-00161-00037072-00037287 wasn't that a lot of fun what a lovely
6gdShzIrn58-00162-00037288-00037495 way to look at families
6gdShzIrn58-00163-00037496-00037702 all different kinds hey yeah so many
6gdShzIrn58-00164-00037703-00037959 different kids even in the penguin world
6gdShzIrn58-00165-00037960-00038239 i i think i i'd like to do a tango now
6gdShzIrn58-00166-00038240-00038471 oh maybe a little bit of a tango maybe a
6gdShzIrn58-00167-00038472-00038607 difference or a tango do you know what
6gdShzIrn58-00168-00038608-00038951 we do on new year's eve we count down oh
6gdShzIrn58-00169-00038952-00039159 we count down from ten maybe we can do
6gdShzIrn58-00170-00039160-00039390 some tango's a dance did you know that
6gdShzIrn58-00171-00039391-00039662 yes i did yeah tango is a type of dance
6gdShzIrn58-00172-00039663-00039902 so maybe we could do some sort of a
6gdShzIrn58-00173-00039903-00040190 dance what kind of moves are in a dance
6gdShzIrn58-00174-00040191-00040423 arm moves like moves
6gdShzIrn58-00175-00040424-00040583 sometimes a headphone
6gdShzIrn58-00176-00040584-00040862 there we go alright so what we're going
6gdShzIrn58-00177-00040863-00041207 to do is we're going to stand up
6gdShzIrn58-00178-00041208-00041462 all right now we're all stood up thank
6gdShzIrn58-00179-00041463-00041679 you so let's start at 10
6gdShzIrn58-00180-00041680-00041823 let's do
6gdShzIrn58-00181-00041824-00042158 10 jumps to get us started ready we're
6gdShzIrn58-00182-00042159-00042287 going to count down from 10 just like we
6gdShzIrn58-00183-00042288-00042446 do on news maybe i need to take my
6gdShzIrn58-00184-00042447-00042646 glasses off first there we go all right
6gdShzIrn58-00185-00042647-00042758 ready
6gdShzIrn58-00186-00042759-00043190 one two three four five six seven eight
6gdShzIrn58-00187-00043191-00043358 nine ten
6gdShzIrn58-00188-00043359-00043630 what number comes next
6gdShzIrn58-00189-00043631-00043807 did you say nine
6gdShzIrn58-00190-00043808-00044223 let's do nine arm circles ready one two
6gdShzIrn58-00191-00044224-00044743 three four five six seven eight nine oh
6gdShzIrn58-00192-00044744-00044943 good job so far
6gdShzIrn58-00193-00044944-00045039 eight
6gdShzIrn58-00194-00045040-00045271 eight what could we do eight of i know
6gdShzIrn58-00195-00045272-00045511 stabby suggested we do head bops let's
6gdShzIrn58-00196-00045512-00045607 go
6gdShzIrn58-00197-00045608-00046183 one two three four five six seven eight
6gdShzIrn58-00198-00046184-00046311 awesome
6gdShzIrn58-00199-00046312-00046558 seven what can we do for seven let's do
6gdShzIrn58-00200-00046559-00046767 jumping jacks ready
6gdShzIrn58-00201-00046768-00047262 one two three four five six seven oh i'm
6gdShzIrn58-00202-00047263-00047446 definitely starting to feel like i'm
6gdShzIrn58-00203-00047447-00047727 doing some sort of a dance body movement
6gdShzIrn58-00204-00047728-00047958 now we're down to six what could we do
6gdShzIrn58-00205-00047959-00048239 for six how about six spins like a
6gdShzIrn58-00206-00048240-00048390 dreidel if any of you've ever heard a
6gdShzIrn58-00207-00048391-00048599 hanukkah so we can put our hands up over
6gdShzIrn58-00208-00048600-00048774 our heads and we can be dreidel spinning
6gdShzIrn58-00209-00048775-00049351 tops one two three four five six halfway
6gdShzIrn58-00210-00049352-00049567 there halfway there can we run we're
6gdShzIrn58-00211-00049568-00049702 running to the end can we run on the
6gdShzIrn58-00212-00049703-00049918 spot for five ready
6gdShzIrn58-00213-00049919-00050007 one
6gdShzIrn58-00214-00050008-00050383 two three four five oh my goodness we're
6gdShzIrn58-00215-00050384-00050607 almost there four more to go until we
6gdShzIrn58-00216-00050608-00050879 get to zero what about frog jumps can we
6gdShzIrn58-00217-00050880-00051046 do frog jumps all right you're not going
6gdShzIrn58-00218-00051047-00051174 to see me when i go down but i'm going
6gdShzIrn58-00219-00051175-00051326 to squish it really small and then
6gdShzIrn58-00220-00051327-00051446 you're going to see me when i pop back
6gdShzIrn58-00221-00051447-00051590 up again ready
6gdShzIrn58-00222-00051591-00051735 one
6gdShzIrn58-00223-00051736-00051887 two
6gdShzIrn58-00224-00051888-00052046 three
6gdShzIrn58-00225-00052047-00052382 four oh goodness three more things three
6gdShzIrn58-00226-00052383-00052607 more things what if we do a frog jump
6gdShzIrn58-00227-00052608-00052959 and then we do a spin and then we do uh
6gdShzIrn58-00228-00052960-00053287 um a jumping jack can we do all those as
6gdShzIrn58-00229-00053288-00053566 we count three
6gdShzIrn58-00230-00053567-00053671 two
6gdShzIrn58-00231-00053672-00053863 one ready let's go
6gdShzIrn58-00232-00053864-00054030 three
6gdShzIrn58-00233-00054032-00054215 two
6gdShzIrn58-00234-00054216-00054342 one
6gdShzIrn58-00235-00054344-00054647 good job everyone we counted down all
6gdShzIrn58-00236-00054648-00054919 the way from ten to one are you ready
6gdShzIrn58-00237-00054920-00055071 for the next book
6gdShzIrn58-00238-00055072-00055447 all right see you there
6gdShzIrn58-00239-00055448-00055687 did you enjoy that body break i sure
6gdShzIrn58-00240-00055688-00055942 enjoyed that body but it got my blood
6gdShzIrn58-00241-00055944-00056071 pumping
6gdShzIrn58-00242-00056072-00056359 all right this book
6gdShzIrn58-00243-00056360-00056711 is an intimate legend it's kahasi and
6gdShzIrn58-00244-00056712-00056950 the loon now did you know this time of
6gdShzIrn58-00245-00056951-00057159 year when the sun is starting to get
6gdShzIrn58-00246-00057160-00057342 brighter and brighter after the winter
6gdShzIrn58-00247-00057344-00057582 solstice it's a good time for first
6gdShzIrn58-00248-00057583-00057791 nations and other indigenous peoples
6gdShzIrn58-00249-00057791-00058007 people to tell their legends because a
6gdShzIrn58-00250-00058008-00058166 lot of the creatures a lot of the
6gdShzIrn58-00251-00058167-00058519 spirits a lot of the animals in these
6gdShzIrn58-00252-00058520-00058782 legends are sleeping
6gdShzIrn58-00253-00058783-00058966 so it's a good time to reflect and to
6gdShzIrn58-00254-00058967-00059142 think about where they came from and
6gdShzIrn58-00255-00059144-00059366 oral tradition and legends are a very
6gdShzIrn58-00256-00059367-00059535 big part of that
6gdShzIrn58-00257-00059536-00059838 so this is cassie and the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00258-00059839-00060111 it is written and adopted by terry
6gdShzIrn58-00259-00060112-00060438 cochlean illustrated by charles
6gdShzIrn58-00260-00060439-00060606 reasoner
6gdShzIrn58-00261-00060607-00060854 and it is published by the rorke
6gdShzIrn58-00262-00060855-00061687 corporation inc
6gdShzIrn58-00263-00061688-00062006 in the land of the frozen north
6gdShzIrn58-00264-00062007-00062350 there lived an inuit boy named kahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00265-00062351-00062566 he lived with his mother in a small
6gdShzIrn58-00266-00062567-00062942 hunting village near the sea
6gdShzIrn58-00267-00062944-00063079 every day
6gdShzIrn58-00268-00063079-00063254 all day long
6gdShzIrn58-00269-00063255-00063647 kahasi slept on a warm caribou hide near
6gdShzIrn58-00270-00063648-00063942 the lamp in his aku
6gdShzIrn58-00271-00063944-00064166 why do you not play with other children
6gdShzIrn58-00272-00064167-00064382 his mother would ask you should be
6gdShzIrn58-00273-00064383-00064615 learning how to hunt and fish so you
6gdShzIrn58-00274-00064616-00064887 will grow to be a good man
6gdShzIrn58-00275-00064888-00065199 but kahasi never answered he stayed
6gdShzIrn58-00276-00065200-00065543 asleep by the lamp day after day and no
6gdShzIrn58-00277-00065544-00066087 one could wake him
6gdShzIrn58-00278-00066088-00066391 one morning before the sun was up gahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00279-00066392-00066671 heard a faint rustling sound and felt a
6gdShzIrn58-00280-00066672-00066999 feather light touch on his cheek
6gdShzIrn58-00281-00067000-00067326 what was this he thought who disturbs my
6gdShzIrn58-00282-00067327-00067599 sleep he blinked his eyes open to see a
6gdShzIrn58-00283-00067600-00067855 beautiful black bird with white speckles
6gdShzIrn58-00284-00067856-00068023 on his back
6gdShzIrn58-00285-00068024-00068191 who are you
6gdShzIrn58-00286-00068192-00068367 asked kahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00287-00068368-00068463 hush
6gdShzIrn58-00288-00068464-00068823 whispered the bird it is i the loon i
6gdShzIrn58-00289-00068824-00069103 bring a message from your grandfather
6gdShzIrn58-00290-00069104-00069287 come
6gdShzIrn58-00291-00069288-00069567 quietly so he would not waken his mother
6gdShzIrn58-00292-00069568-00069855 cahasi dressed and followed the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00293-00069856-00070055 but i do not know my grandfather he
6gdShzIrn58-00294-00070056-00070279 whispered to the bird he has been gone
6gdShzIrn58-00295-00070280-00070647 since my mother was a young girl
6gdShzIrn58-00296-00070648-00070871 this is true answer the loon but you
6gdShzIrn58-00297-00070872-00071159 will meet him one day then he will
6gdShzIrn58-00298-00071160-00071703 explain
6gdShzIrn58-00299-00071704-00072006 a bit of a mystery
6gdShzIrn58-00300-00072007-00072247 together they went a great distance from
6gdShzIrn58-00301-00072248-00072431 the village until they came upon a
6gdShzIrn58-00302-00072432-00072726 flowering shrub kahasi had never seen
6gdShzIrn58-00303-00072727-00072903 such a plant before
6gdShzIrn58-00304-00072904-00073103 you must come here every day said the
6gdShzIrn58-00305-00073104-00073431 loon and eat four leaves of this magical
6gdShzIrn58-00306-00073432-00073550 bush
6gdShzIrn58-00307-00073551-00073726 then you will bathe in the waters of
6gdShzIrn58-00308-00073727-00073982 this stream you must be strong when your
6gdShzIrn58-00309-00073983-00074231 grandfather calls for you
6gdShzIrn58-00310-00074232-00074447 kahasi did not understand
6gdShzIrn58-00311-00074448-00074662 but he ate four of the bitter leaves and
6gdShzIrn58-00312-00074663-00074943 bathed in the icy waters each day after
6gdShzIrn58-00313-00074944-00075199 that the loon woke him and went with him
6gdShzIrn58-00314-00075200-00075503 to the magical place then before he was
6gdShzIrn58-00315-00075504-00075759 missed the boy would return to his warm
6gdShzIrn58-00316-00075760-00076215 bed by the lamp
6gdShzIrn58-00317-00076216-00076447 he is a lazy one people would say to
6gdShzIrn58-00318-00076448-00076711 kahasi's mother what good is he to you
6gdShzIrn58-00319-00076712-00077015 or our village he does not hunt or fish
6gdShzIrn58-00320-00077016-00077279 or even help you repair your igloo
6gdShzIrn58-00321-00077280-00077559 but kahasi's mother would always answer
6gdShzIrn58-00322-00077560-00077799 he is a good son
6gdShzIrn58-00323-00077800-00078071 he does not find trouble he will learn
6gdShzIrn58-00324-00078072-00078406 to be a man someday an important man
6gdShzIrn58-00325-00078407-00078767 you will see one day they followed the
6gdShzIrn58-00326-00078768-00079038 next until there came a season of hunger
6gdShzIrn58-00327-00079039-00079175 in the village
6gdShzIrn58-00328-00079176-00079406 time after time the hunters returned
6gdShzIrn58-00329-00079407-00079726 empty-handed all the animals seemed to
6gdShzIrn58-00330-00079727-00079887 be hiding
6gdShzIrn58-00331-00079888-00080503 what were the people to do
6gdShzIrn58-00332-00080504-00080719 casey woke to see the loon sitting
6gdShzIrn58-00333-00080720-00080862 beside him
6gdShzIrn58-00334-00080863-00081143 why have you come loon he asked
6gdShzIrn58-00335-00081144-00081479 your people are starving the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00336-00081480-00081799 answered you must help them
6gdShzIrn58-00337-00081800-00082006 kahasi immediately went out to see what
6gdShzIrn58-00338-00082007-00082111 he could do
6gdShzIrn58-00339-00082112-00082271 when he found the hunters gathered in
6gdShzIrn58-00340-00082272-00082455 the village they all pointed and stared
6gdShzIrn58-00341-00082456-00082543 at him
6gdShzIrn58-00342-00082544-00082767 so you finally woke up someone shouted
6gdShzIrn58-00343-00082768-00082991 what is it lazy one are you hungry do
6gdShzIrn58-00344-00082992-00083150 you miss your food your mother always
6gdShzIrn58-00345-00083151-00083335 catches for you
6gdShzIrn58-00346-00083336-00083511 i will help you
6gdShzIrn58-00347-00083512-00083694 kahasi said
6gdShzIrn58-00348-00083695-00083911 the men laughed you
6gdShzIrn58-00349-00083912-00084238 that is impossible how can you do what
6gdShzIrn58-00350-00084239-00084991 our best hunters cannot
6gdShzIrn58-00351-00084992-00085359 kahasi held up a big walrus skin
6gdShzIrn58-00352-00085360-00085567 each of you take hold around this he
6gdShzIrn58-00353-00085568-00085647 said
6gdShzIrn58-00354-00085648-00085838 i will stand on it and then you can
6gdShzIrn58-00355-00085839-00086087 throw me into the air when i am high
6gdShzIrn58-00356-00086088-00086279 enough i will be able to see where the
6gdShzIrn58-00357-00086280-00086487 animals are hiding
6gdShzIrn58-00358-00086488-00086703 the villagers had never before heard of
6gdShzIrn58-00359-00086704-00086894 such a thing but the rumbling in their
6gdShzIrn58-00360-00086895-00087079 stomachs told them to try
6gdShzIrn58-00361-00087080-00087287 kahasi bounced higher and higher into
6gdShzIrn58-00362-00087288-00087559 the air until he shouted there i see a
6gdShzIrn58-00363-00087560-00088167 herd of walruses on an ice floe
6gdShzIrn58-00364-00088168-00088343 quickly the hunters grabbed their
6gdShzIrn58-00365-00088344-00088526 harpoons and tied the dogs to the
6gdShzIrn58-00366-00088527-00088631 sledges
6gdShzIrn58-00367-00088632-00088862 kahasi rolled with the leader as they
6gdShzIrn58-00368-00088863-00089103 raced in the direction of the walruses
6gdShzIrn58-00369-00089104-00089271 soon they turned the sledges over and
6gdShzIrn58-00370-00089272-00089438 anchored them in the snow
6gdShzIrn58-00371-00089439-00089631 then they pushed their umiyak into the
6gdShzIrn58-00372-00089632-00089718 water
6gdShzIrn58-00373-00089719-00090038 kahasi sat silently at the bow
6gdShzIrn58-00374-00090039-00090255 you helped us find the walruses said a
6gdShzIrn58-00375-00090256-00090487 hunter but surely you do not think you
6gdShzIrn58-00376-00090488-00090655 can hunt
6gdShzIrn58-00377-00090656-00090775 tahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00378-00090776-00090855 said
6gdShzIrn58-00379-00090856-00091023 nothing
6gdShzIrn58-00380-00091024-00091262 let him stay the leader said he may
6gdShzIrn58-00381-00091263-00091671 learn something
6gdShzIrn58-00382-00091672-00091918 they patted through the rough waters to
6gdShzIrn58-00383-00091919-00092047 the ice float
6gdShzIrn58-00384-00092048-00092247 each time they drew near enough to throw
6gdShzIrn58-00385-00092248-00092543 a harpoon a giant wave pushed them back
6gdShzIrn58-00386-00092544-00092775 and the weapon missed its mark
6gdShzIrn58-00387-00092776-00092982 finally the men were exhausted and they
6gdShzIrn58-00388-00092983-00093206 decided to turn back
6gdShzIrn58-00389-00093207-00093494 kahasi stood up paddled closer once more
6gdShzIrn58-00390-00093495-00093694 he said i know what to do
6gdShzIrn58-00391-00093695-00093903 the hunters murmured in disbelief but
6gdShzIrn58-00392-00093904-00094174 did as he asked when they drew close a
6gdShzIrn58-00393-00094175-00094447 powerful wave lifted the umiak high into
6gdShzIrn58-00394-00094448-00094694 the air and kahasi jumped from the boat
6gdShzIrn58-00395-00094695-00094879 onto the ice flow
6gdShzIrn58-00396-00094880-00095126 before the startled walruses had time to
6gdShzIrn58-00397-00095127-00095399 attack or dive into the sea the boar the
6gdShzIrn58-00398-00095400-00095671 boy began knocking their heads together
6gdShzIrn58-00399-00095672-00095838 then he picked up the stunned animals
6gdShzIrn58-00400-00095839-00096038 and hurled them back one by one to the
6gdShzIrn58-00401-00096039-00096191 waiting umnyak
6gdShzIrn58-00402-00096192-00096455 when it could hold no more kahasi jumped
6gdShzIrn58-00403-00096456-00096631 back into the boat
6gdShzIrn58-00404-00096632-00096799 the hunters couldn't believe what
6gdShzIrn58-00405-00096800-00097047 happened it took many men to drag a
6gdShzIrn58-00406-00097048-00097311 walrus how could a boy do such a thing
6gdShzIrn58-00407-00097312-00097415 as this
6gdShzIrn58-00408-00097416-00097591 when they returned to their village
6gdShzIrn58-00409-00097592-00097831 there was much rejoicing the people
6gdShzIrn58-00410-00097832-00098055 wanted to thank gahasi but he was
6gdShzIrn58-00411-00098056-00098238 nowhere to be seen
6gdShzIrn58-00412-00098239-00098438 his mother finally found him
6gdShzIrn58-00413-00098439-00098550 curled up
6gdShzIrn58-00414-00098551-00098662 asleep
6gdShzIrn58-00415-00098663-00099071 by the lounge
6gdShzIrn58-00416-00099072-00099374 days passed and calhassi still slept by
6gdShzIrn58-00417-00099375-00099655 the fire waking only to go secretly with
6gdShzIrn58-00418-00099656-00099831 the loon each morning to their special
6gdShzIrn58-00419-00099832-00099935 place
6gdShzIrn58-00420-00099936-00100143 the people soon forgot how he had saved
6gdShzIrn58-00421-00100144-00100374 them from hunger they remembered only
6gdShzIrn58-00422-00100375-00100543 his laziness
6gdShzIrn58-00423-00100544-00100791 one day strangers came to the village
6gdShzIrn58-00424-00100792-00101062 bringing with them a fierce giant
6gdShzIrn58-00425-00101063-00101294 who among you can defeat our champion
6gdShzIrn58-00426-00101295-00101567 called one of the strangers or are you
6gdShzIrn58-00427-00101568-00101806 all too weak
6gdShzIrn58-00428-00101807-00101999 the giant was twice the size of the
6gdShzIrn58-00429-00102000-00102182 strongest man in the village but it
6gdShzIrn58-00430-00102183-00102374 would cast shame on their people to
6gdShzIrn58-00431-00102375-00102551 refuse such a challenge
6gdShzIrn58-00432-00102552-00102775 there was nothing else to be done
6gdShzIrn58-00433-00102776-00103134 one by one the men took their turn
6gdShzIrn58-00434-00103135-00103406 to fight
6gdShzIrn58-00435-00103407-00103582 cahasi woke to see the loon sitting
6gdShzIrn58-00436-00103583-00103751 beside him in the sunlight
6gdShzIrn58-00437-00103752-00103975 why have you come loon he asked your
6gdShzIrn58-00438-00103976-00104175 people are threatened by a fierce giant
6gdShzIrn58-00439-00104176-00104486 the loon said you must help them
6gdShzIrn58-00440-00104488-00104718 kahasi immediately went out to see what
6gdShzIrn58-00441-00104719-00104854 the trouble was
6gdShzIrn58-00442-00104855-00105078 he reached the circle of shouting people
6gdShzIrn58-00443-00105079-00105319 just as a giant tossed the last hunter
6gdShzIrn58-00444-00105320-00105527 aside like a mosquito
6gdShzIrn58-00445-00105528-00105727 gehasi stepped forward
6gdShzIrn58-00446-00105728-00106143 you have not yet challenged me
6gdShzIrn58-00447-00106144-00106366 the giant looked down ha
6gdShzIrn58-00448-00106367-00106647 now you send a boy to fight i will throw
6gdShzIrn58-00449-00106648-00106902 him away like an old bone
6gdShzIrn58-00450-00106903-00107095 with that he reached out and grabbed
6gdShzIrn58-00451-00107096-00107383 cahasi's arms but he could not move him
6gdShzIrn58-00452-00107383-00107654 the giant tried again and again
6gdShzIrn58-00453-00107655-00107823 but it was as though kahasi were
6gdShzIrn58-00454-00107824-00108054 anchored to the ground
6gdShzIrn58-00455-00108055-00108271 the boy reached out and with one hand
6gdShzIrn58-00456-00108272-00108463 picked the giant up and tossed him
6gdShzIrn58-00457-00108464-00108710 beyond the last igloo in the village the
6gdShzIrn58-00458-00108711-00108927 people cheered and the strangers hurried
6gdShzIrn58-00459-00108928-00109231 to carry their champion off in shame the
6gdShzIrn58-00460-00109232-00109447 people tried to thank their hero
6gdShzIrn58-00461-00109448-00109678 but he was gone
6gdShzIrn58-00462-00109679-00109999 again his mother found him asleep in his
6gdShzIrn58-00463-00110000-00110663 favorite place by the lamp
6gdShzIrn58-00464-00110664-00110902 soon afterward harder times yet fell on
6gdShzIrn58-00465-00110903-00111143 the people with great shaking of the
6gdShzIrn58-00466-00111144-00111343 earth the mountains began moving toward
6gdShzIrn58-00467-00111344-00111431 the sea
6gdShzIrn58-00468-00111432-00111615 closer and closer they came until they
6gdShzIrn58-00469-00111616-00111871 reached the edge of the village kahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00470-00111872-00112110 the people shouted wake up wake up you
6gdShzIrn58-00471-00112111-00112302 must save us
6gdShzIrn58-00472-00112303-00112551 but cahasi slept on and the people took
6gdShzIrn58-00473-00112552-00112727 anything they could carry and pulled
6gdShzIrn58-00474-00112728-00112983 their yumiaks and kayaks to the shore
6gdShzIrn58-00475-00112983-00113215 just then the loon swooped over their
6gdShzIrn58-00476-00113216-00113758 heads to kahasi's
6gdShzIrn58-00477-00113759-00114047 cajac awoke to feel the earth trembling
6gdShzIrn58-00478-00114048-00114302 what is this loon he asked it is the
6gdShzIrn58-00479-00114303-00114502 mountains answered the loon they are
6gdShzIrn58-00480-00114503-00114871 attacking your people you must help
6gdShzIrn58-00481-00114872-00115071 when cahasi crawled out of his igloo the
6gdShzIrn58-00482-00115072-00115239 villagers were pushing their boats into
6gdShzIrn58-00483-00115240-00115486 the water wait called the boy i will
6gdShzIrn58-00484-00115488-00115686 stop this terrible thing
6gdShzIrn58-00485-00115688-00115910 with that he hurried past all the igloos
6gdShzIrn58-00486-00115911-00116134 that now lined the shore he held up his
6gdShzIrn58-00487-00116135-00116431 hands shouting go back go back where you
6gdShzIrn58-00488-00116432-00116863 belong my grandfather would have it so
6gdShzIrn58-00489-00116864-00117054 but the mountains continued their march
6gdShzIrn58-00490-00117055-00117190 to the sea
6gdShzIrn58-00491-00117191-00117454 come kahasi save yourself the people
6gdShzIrn58-00492-00117455-00117558 called
6gdShzIrn58-00493-00117559-00117783 cassie ignored them and laid his hands
6gdShzIrn58-00494-00117783-00118015 against the biggest mountain with all
6gdShzIrn58-00495-00118016-00118231 his strength he pushed harder and harder
6gdShzIrn58-00496-00118232-00118390 until finally it was back where it
6gdShzIrn58-00497-00118391-00118615 belonged then he pushed another mountain
6gdShzIrn58-00498-00118616-00118902 and another until they were all in their
6gdShzIrn58-00499-00118903-00119086 places
6gdShzIrn58-00500-00119088-00119278 after this he took a giant piece of
6gdShzIrn58-00501-00119279-00119478 driftwood from the beach and dredged a
6gdShzIrn58-00502-00119479-00119623 space between the mountains and the
6gdShzIrn58-00503-00119624-00119919 village all the way to the sea
6gdShzIrn58-00504-00119920-00119999 this
6gdShzIrn58-00505-00120000-00120295 became a river which the mountains could
6gdShzIrn58-00506-00120296-00120743 never cross
6gdShzIrn58-00507-00120744-00120966 as the people saying with joy the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00508-00120967-00121199 came to kahasti and said you have done
6gdShzIrn58-00509-00121200-00121583 well your grandfather he who holds up
6gdShzIrn58-00510-00121583-00121847 the earth needs you he is old and
6gdShzIrn58-00511-00121848-00121966 becomes weak
6gdShzIrn58-00512-00121967-00122190 he bids you hurry
6gdShzIrn58-00513-00122191-00122495 unseen by the villagers gehasi got into
6gdShzIrn58-00514-00122496-00122751 his kayak and paddled after the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00515-00122752-00122975 when they were far from shore a giant
6gdShzIrn58-00516-00122976-00123254 whirlpool caught the small boat swirling
6gdShzIrn58-00517-00123255-00123599 it fiercely with all his strength kahasi
6gdShzIrn58-00518-00123600-00123839 could not free himself
6gdShzIrn58-00519-00123840-00124110 do not worry calm the loon
6gdShzIrn58-00520-00124111-00124390 it is but the way to your grandfather
6gdShzIrn58-00521-00124391-00124719 at last kahasi understood he dropped his
6gdShzIrn58-00522-00124720-00125063 paddle and allowed the sea to swallow
6gdShzIrn58-00523-00125064-00125463 him
6gdShzIrn58-00524-00125464-00125702 when the people searched for kahasi he
6gdShzIrn58-00525-00125703-00125895 was nowhere to be seen
6gdShzIrn58-00526-00125896-00126110 his mother looked for him by the fire
6gdShzIrn58-00527-00126111-00126319 but he was not there
6gdShzIrn58-00528-00126320-00126607 where is my son she called but before
6gdShzIrn58-00529-00126608-00126871 anyone could answer the loon landed
6gdShzIrn58-00530-00126872-00127039 beside her
6gdShzIrn58-00531-00127040-00127175 do not worry
6gdShzIrn58-00532-00127176-00127447 he said cahasia is safe
6gdShzIrn58-00533-00127448-00127790 he has gone to be with his grandfather
6gdShzIrn58-00534-00127791-00127990 as elune explained the villagers
6gdShzIrn58-00535-00127991-00128199 understood how important kahasi really
6gdShzIrn58-00536-00128200-00128286 was
6gdShzIrn58-00537-00128288-00128534 in all the days that followed the people
6gdShzIrn58-00538-00128535-00128727 sang of his deeds
6gdShzIrn58-00539-00128728-00128902 and each time they felt the earth
6gdShzIrn58-00540-00128903-00129190 tremble they knew it was only kahasi the
6gdShzIrn58-00541-00129191-00129495 strong one shifting the earth from one
6gdShzIrn58-00542-00129496-00129590 shoulder
6gdShzIrn58-00543-00129591-00129702 to
6gdShzIrn58-00544-00129703-00130239 the other
6gdShzIrn58-00545-00130240-00130447 thank you so much dabi for reading with
6gdShzIrn58-00546-00130448-00130671 us today absolutely my pleasure and
6gdShzIrn58-00547-00130672-00130863 thank you to all of you
6gdShzIrn58-00548-00130864-00131095 so from storyteller phoenix and
6gdShzIrn58-00549-00131096-00131351 storytellers stabby the unicorn we say
6gdShzIrn58-00550-00131352-00131535 goodbye thank you for joining saskatoon
6gdShzIrn58-00551-00131536-00131687 public libraries reading with royalty
6gdShzIrn58-00552-00131688-00131878 and drake's story hour canada
6gdShzIrn58-00553-00131879-00132236 happy new year
6hjN3EW_VNU-00000-00000060-00000339 SPX two German marks SpaceX
6hjN3EW_VNU-00001-00000340-00000558 demonstration mission two is the mission
6hjN3EW_VNU-00002-00000559-00000745 designation of the first crewed test
6hjN3EW_VNU-00003-00000746-00000924 flight of SpaceX's crewed Dragon
6hjN3EW_VNU-00004-00000925-00001203 spacecraft it is scheduled for launch in
6hjN3EW_VNU-00005-00001204-00001524 June 2019 with a crew of two if the
6hjN3EW_VNU-00006-00001525-00001696 schedule holds it will be the first
6hjN3EW_VNU-00007-00001697-00001876 manned flight of an American spacecraft
6hjN3EW_VNU-00008-00001877-00002614 into orbit since sts-135 in July 2011
6hjN3EW_VNU-00009-00002615-00003104 topic true
6hjN3EW_VNU-00010-00003105-00003338 Bob bankin and Douglas Hurley were
6hjN3EW_VNU-00011-00003339-00003503 announced as the crew on the 3rd of
6hjN3EW_VNU-00012-00003504-00003920 August 2018
6hjN3EW_VNU-00013-00003921-00004445 topic backup crew
6hjN3EW_VNU-00014-00004446-00004676 kill and Lindgren will serve as backup
6hjN3EW_VNU-00015-00004677-00004859 for both the test flight and first
6hjN3EW_VNU-00016-00004860-00005398 mission cruise for Dragon 2
6hjN3EW_VNU-00017-00005399-00005921 topic see also
6hjN3EW_VNU-00018-00005922-00006300 Commercial Crew development cst-100
6hjN3EW_VNU-00019-00006301-00006705 Starliner
6hjN3EW_VNU-00020-00006706-00007102 topic references
6hjN3EW_VNU-00021-00007103-00007261 you
6hjN3EW_VNU-00022-00007262-00007468 you
6jpgYiAZp5k-00000-00000003-00000308 the idea that humans must consume animal
6jpgYiAZp5k-00001-00000309-00000647 flesh and excretions meat and dairy as
6jpgYiAZp5k-00002-00000648-00000979 part of a balanced diet is a monstrous
6jpgYiAZp5k-00003-00000980-00001211 myth there is not a single vitamin
6jpgYiAZp5k-00004-00001212-00001507 mineral nutrient or any other such vital
6jpgYiAZp5k-00005-00001508-00001777 ingredient to health not a single thing
6jpgYiAZp5k-00006-00001778-00002117 found in meat or dairy products that
6jpgYiAZp5k-00007-00002118-00002605 cannot be found in greater abundance and
6jpgYiAZp5k-00008-00002606-00003133 more optimally in the plant kingdom for
6jpgYiAZp5k-00009-00003134-00003353 instance there are more omegas in
6jpgYiAZp5k-00010-00003354-00003781 seaweed than in fish over twice as much
6jpgYiAZp5k-00011-00003782-00004310 protein in spinach than steak meat and
6jpgYiAZp5k-00012-00004311-00004611 dairy products highly acidic fattening
6jpgYiAZp5k-00013-00004612-00004958 cholesterol Laden artery clogging blimp
6jpgYiAZp5k-00014-00004959-00005281 clogging mucus forming constipated
6jpgYiAZp5k-00015-00005282-00005627 difficult to digest and fully worms
6jpgYiAZp5k-00016-00005628-00006013 parasites hormones and chemicals eggs
6jpgYiAZp5k-00017-00006014-00006308 are actually unfertilized Davian
6jpgYiAZp5k-00018-00006309-00006528 menstrual cycles otherwise known as
6jpgYiAZp5k-00019-00006529-00006875 chicken periods
6jpgYiAZp5k-00020-00006876-00007231 milk disgust and hormone filled memory
6jpgYiAZp5k-00021-00007233-00007520 expressions of a female cow and meant to
6jpgYiAZp5k-00022-00007520-00007754 nourish her young none of these animals
6jpgYiAZp5k-00023-00007755-00008120 bits and pieces are beneficial or
6jpgYiAZp5k-00024-00008120-00008492 necessary for human consumption there is
6jpgYiAZp5k-00025-00008493-00008717 not a single chronic disease or
6jpgYiAZp5k-00026-00008718-00009065 deficiency exclusive to vegans however
6jpgYiAZp5k-00027-00009066-00009398 heart disease cancer diabetes and many
6jpgYiAZp5k-00028-00009399-00009662 other major health problems have all
6jpgYiAZp5k-00029-00009663-00010151 been cured by switching to 100% vegan
6jpgYiAZp5k-00030-00010152-00010496 diet the idea that you need to eat
6jpgYiAZp5k-00031-00010497-00010901 another animals flesh to be strong is a
6jpgYiAZp5k-00032-00010902-00011189 ridiculous superstition some of the
6jpgYiAZp5k-00033-00011190-00011450 strongest animals in nature like
6jpgYiAZp5k-00034-00011451-00011746 gorillas elephants rhinos are all
6jpgYiAZp5k-00035-00011747-00012032 vegetarians Shaolin martial months
6jpgYiAZp5k-00036-00012033-00012275 arguably the toughest men in the world
6jpgYiAZp5k-00037-00012276-00012830 are all stirred but he cans our human
6jpgYiAZp5k-00038-00012831-00013121 anatomy is undeniably designed to
6jpgYiAZp5k-00039-00013122-00013502 subsist on plant foods and not animal
6jpgYiAZp5k-00040-00013503-00013743 flesh
6jpgYiAZp5k-00041-00013744-00014046 literally in every aspect of our bodies
6jpgYiAZp5k-00042-00014047-00014485 proves we are herbivore frugivores and
6jpgYiAZp5k-00043-00014486-00014994 not carnivores omnivores put simply
6jpgYiAZp5k-00044-00014994-00015393 humans are biologically built the vegans
6jpgYiAZp5k-00045-00015394-00015760 amusing comparative anatomy to determine
6jpgYiAZp5k-00046-00015761-00015997 the what man was meant to eat we should
6jpgYiAZp5k-00047-00015997-00016194 look at the species most similar to man
6jpgYiAZp5k-00048-00016195-00016596 namely the anthropoid Apes chimpanzees
6jpgYiAZp5k-00049-00016597-00016977 gorillas and orangutans
6jpgYiAZp5k-00050-00016978-00017284 of all animals man's digestive organs
6jpgYiAZp5k-00051-00017285-00017757 compete most closely resemble these Apes
6jpgYiAZp5k-00052-00017758-00018064 all omnivores and carnivorous animals
6jpgYiAZp5k-00053-00018065-00018466 eat their meat raw however eating raw or
6jpgYiAZp5k-00054-00018467-00018768 bloody meat disgusts us as humans
6jpgYiAZp5k-00055-00018769-00019099 therefore we must cook it and season it
6jpgYiAZp5k-00056-00019100-00019486 the buffer the taste of flesh if humans
6jpgYiAZp5k-00057-00019487-00019725 were truly meant to eat meat then we
6jpgYiAZp5k-00058-00019726-00020242 would eat all our me draw and bloody the
6jpgYiAZp5k-00059-00020243-00020506 thought of eating such meat makes one's
6jpgYiAZp5k-00060-00020507-00020865 stomach turn we as humans are
6jpgYiAZp5k-00061-00020866-00021144 conditioned to believe that animal flesh
6jpgYiAZp5k-00062-00021145-00021361 is good for us and that we were meant to
6jpgYiAZp5k-00063-00021362-00021672 consume it finally plain moral decency
6jpgYiAZp5k-00064-00021673-00021997 and ethics should be reason enough to
6jpgYiAZp5k-00065-00021998-00022387 end this animal Holocaust
6jY20ao3mNM-00000-00000026-00000265 good morning and hello world i my
6jY20ao3mNM-00001-00000266-00000419 asunder minor and I was like to welcome
6jY20ao3mNM-00002-00000420-00000599 you to the latest episode of my launches
6jY20ao3mNM-00003-00000600-00000875 so far today we share my own experience
6jY20ao3mNM-00004-00000876-00001190 about what into the task force if
6jY20ao3mNM-00005-00001191-00001354 anything that I was given which is
6jY20ao3mNM-00006-00001355-00001549 awesome what's going on lots of them in
6jY20ao3mNM-00007-00001550-00001775 the media a third area I found so many
6jY20ao3mNM-00008-00001776-00002012 tips and advice for those of you that
6jY20ao3mNM-00009-00002013-00002138 are on the autism spectrum
6jY20ao3mNM-00010-00002139-00002456 I also researched my family members and
6jY20ao3mNM-00011-00002457-00002789 educators for anybody that is in the
6jY20ao3mNM-00012-00002790-00003032 autism community and finally I will
6jY20ao3mNM-00013-00003033-00003317 contrast the things when I passed before
6jY20ao3mNM-00014-00003318-00003533 I dive into the morning traffic I became
6jY20ao3mNM-00015-00003534-00003781 switch so first and foremost we be sure
6jY20ao3mNM-00016-00003782-00003902 to duplicate their in the upper right
6jY20ao3mNM-00017-00003903-00004127 hand corner this is a 10 o'clock ok
6jY20ao3mNM-00018-00004128-00004433 sisters what two brothers on the autism
6jY20ao3mNM-00019-00004434-00004711 spectrum and she has a very positive way
6jY20ao3mNM-00020-00004712-00004934 of sharing her experiences so please be
6jY20ao3mNM-00021-00004935-00005009 sure to check her out
6jY20ao3mNM-00022-00005010-00005234 I also would like to recommend that you
6jY20ao3mNM-00023-00005235-00005452 check out my rich blog on WordPress calm
6jY20ao3mNM-00024-00005453-00005731 you can find those under HelloWorld q40
6jY20ao3mNM-00025-00005732-00006020 that wordpress.com that's hello world to
6jY20ao3mNM-00026-00006021-00006304 birth 0 at wordpress.com and what i
6jY20ao3mNM-00027-00006305-00006634 would like to now is talk about
6jY20ao3mNM-00028-00006636-00006962 something and give tips and advice in
6jY20ao3mNM-00029-00006963-00007181 leeway to some things that i've been
6jY20ao3mNM-00030-00007181-00007541 seeing on social media so as i said in
6jY20ao3mNM-00031-00007542-00007808 my last blog that I've been discovering
6jY20ao3mNM-00032-00007809-00008114 lots of people on the spectrum that
6jY20ao3mNM-00033-00008115-00008431 think learning manners and rules and
6jY20ao3mNM-00034-00008432-00008849 learning social skills are a form of
6jY20ao3mNM-00035-00008850-00009101 ableism and a form of some sort
6jY20ao3mNM-00036-00009102-00009334 conforming to the norms of our society
6jY20ao3mNM-00037-00009335-00009602 well first and foremost I disagree with
6jY20ao3mNM-00038-00009603-00009998 that because as a spectrum it-- I had to
6jY20ao3mNM-00039-00009999-00010161 learn manners rule
6jY20ao3mNM-00040-00010162-00010659 and I had to learn social skills in
6jY20ao3mNM-00041-00010660-00011195 order to be successful career one and
6jY20ao3mNM-00042-00011196-00011505 this is something that I wanted to do
6jY20ao3mNM-00043-00011506-00011766 because I didn't want to freak people
6jY20ao3mNM-00044-00011767-00012069 out anymore and no I didn't want to
6jY20ao3mNM-00045-00012070-00012360 conform to the norms of society it was
6jY20ao3mNM-00046-00012361-00012543 just something that I knew that I felt
6jY20ao3mNM-00047-00012544-00012789 right in my heart and for those of you
6jY20ao3mNM-00048-00012790-00012996 on the spectrum that disagree with what
6jY20ao3mNM-00049-00012997-00013115 I'm talking about
6jY20ao3mNM-00050-00013116-00013530 first and foremost um you have to want
6jY20ao3mNM-00051-00013531-00013847 to learn social skills you have to want
6jY20ao3mNM-00052-00013849-00014196 to learn manners and rules nobody can
6jY20ao3mNM-00053-00014197-00014787 force you nobody can force you to thinks
6jY20ao3mNM-00054-00014788-00015057 that you're growing as a person nobody
6jY20ao3mNM-00055-00015058-00015544 can force you to look up them in the eye
6jY20ao3mNM-00056-00015546-00016094 nobody can force you to learn proper
6jY20ao3mNM-00057-00016096-00016416 interviewing skills and proper work
6jY20ao3mNM-00058-00016417-00016704 etiquette without your approval or your
6jY20ao3mNM-00059-00016705-00017169 consent and I gave the world lies and
6jY20ao3mNM-00060-00017170-00017409 sent because again I wanted to grow up I
6jY20ao3mNM-00061-00017410-00017875 wanted to live a normal life and
6jY20ao3mNM-00062-00017876-00018286 that's why I have very different views
6jY20ao3mNM-00063-00018287-00018711 so anyway the amount of time feel like
6jY20ao3mNM-00064-00018712-00018850 what I'm doing give me a thumbs up and
6jY20ao3mNM-00065-00018851-00019030 please be sure to subscribe I do post
6jY20ao3mNM-00066-00019031-00019450 every Monday and also be sure to comment
6jY20ao3mNM-00067-00019451-00019813 below and be sure to check out my social
6jY20ao3mNM-00068-00019814-00020032 media links until next time I'm Mya
6jY20ao3mNM-00069-00020033-00020425 Thunder Meyer and I'm signing off bye
7oXkB_--ALQ-00000-00000053-00000470 subhuti pali subhuti chinese shoe Pootie
7oXkB_--ALQ-00001-00000471-00000709 pinyin Zhu pootie was one of the ten
7oXkB_--ALQ-00002-00000710-00000919 great serve a COS of gautuma buddha and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00003-00000921-00001247 foremost in giving gifts in Procrit and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00004-00001248-00001502 pali his name literally means good
7oXkB_--ALQ-00005-00001503-00002092 existence sooo good beauty existence he
7oXkB_--ALQ-00006-00002093-00002368 is also sometimes referred to as elder
7oXkB_--ALQ-00007-00002369-00002687 subhuti subhuti Thera he was a
7oXkB_--ALQ-00008-00002688-00002939 contemporary of such famous arahants as
7oXkB_--ALQ-00009-00002940-00003020 sariputra
7oXkB_--ALQ-00010-00003021-00003377 mahakasyapa ma Galliano mahakasyapa and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00011-00003378-00003934 Ananda
7oXkB_--ALQ-00012-00003935-00004534 topic in Theravada Buddhism
7oXkB_--ALQ-00013-00004535-00004838 in Theravada Buddhism subhuti as famed
7oXkB_--ALQ-00014-00004839-00005054 as the monk who was most worthy of gifts
7oXkB_--ALQ-00015-00005055-00005254 due to his practice of absorption on
7oXkB_--ALQ-00016-00005255-00005438 loving-kindness metagenic
7oXkB_--ALQ-00017-00005439-00005764 for receiving alms food he was the son
7oXkB_--ALQ-00018-00005765-00005966 of Samana Sethi and the younger brother
7oXkB_--ALQ-00019-00005967-00006232 of anathapindika on the day of the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00020-00006233-00006439 dedication of jetavana he heard the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00021-00006440-00006716 Buddha teach and left the world after
7oXkB_--ALQ-00022-00006717-00006895 ordination he mastered the two
7oXkB_--ALQ-00023-00006897-00007141 categories of vinaya rules and after
7oXkB_--ALQ-00024-00007142-00007370 obtaining a subject for meditation lived
7oXkB_--ALQ-00025-00007370-00007658 in the forest there he developed insight
7oXkB_--ALQ-00026-00007659-00007883 and attained era hands upon the basis of
7oXkB_--ALQ-00027-00007884-00008149 meta jhana teaching the Dhamma without
7oXkB_--ALQ-00028-00008150-00008351 distinction or limitation he was
7oXkB_--ALQ-00029-00008352-00008555 declared chief of those who lived remote
7oXkB_--ALQ-00030-00008556-00008798 and in peace a round of a Harnam ago and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00031-00008799-00008963 of those who were worthy of gifts
7oXkB_--ALQ-00032-00008964-00009538 dhakini Onam a 0.24 CF you dv7
7oXkB_--ALQ-00033-00009539-00009677 where the Buddha commends his
7oXkB_--ALQ-00034-00009678-00009964 proficiency in meditation it is said
7oXkB_--ALQ-00035-00009965-00010151 that when he went begging for alms he
7oXkB_--ALQ-00036-00010152-00010346 would develop met Ajanta at each door
7oXkB_--ALQ-00037-00010347-00010544 hence every gift made to him was of the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00038-00010545-00010787 highest merit in the course of his
7oXkB_--ALQ-00039-00010788-00010982 travels he came to Raja gaya and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00040-00010983-00011174 bimbisara promised to build him a
7oXkB_--ALQ-00041-00011175-00011480 dwelling place however the king forgot
7oXkB_--ALQ-00042-00011481-00011729 his promise and subhuti meditated in the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00043-00011730-00011974 open air there was no rain and
7oXkB_--ALQ-00044-00011975-00012182 discovering the cause the king had a
7oXkB_--ALQ-00045-00012183-00012446 leaf hut built for him as soon as
7oXkB_--ALQ-00046-00012447-00012641 subhuti entered the hut and seated
7oXkB_--ALQ-00047-00012642-00012841 himself cross-legged on the bed of hay
7oXkB_--ALQ-00048-00012842-00013482 rain began to fall
7oXkB_--ALQ-00049-00013483-00014083 topic in Mahayana Buddhism
7oXkB_--ALQ-00050-00014084-00014394 among the Mahayana traditions subhuti is
7oXkB_--ALQ-00051-00014395-00014616 perhaps best known as the disciple with
7oXkB_--ALQ-00052-00014618-00014800 whom the Buddha speaks when imparting
7oXkB_--ALQ-00053-00014801-00015082 the Diamond Sutra Sanskrit Vajra sadhika
7oXkB_--ALQ-00054-00015083-00015382 progeny parameter Sutra Chinese Jin gang
7oXkB_--ALQ-00055-00015383-00015625 Jing or Jin gang banruo Jane an
7oXkB_--ALQ-00056-00015626-00015822 important teaching within the progeny
7oXkB_--ALQ-00057-00015823-00016093 parameter genre this along with the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00058-00016094-00016350 Heart Sutra Sanskrit Prajnaparamita
7oXkB_--ALQ-00059-00016351-00016639 heard ayah Chinese shinjang or banruo
7oXkB_--ALQ-00060-00016640-00016833 Xinjiang is one of the most well known
7oXkB_--ALQ-00061-00016834-00017080 sutras among both practitioners and non
7oXkB_--ALQ-00062-00017081-00017392 practitioners of Buddhism subhuti is
7oXkB_--ALQ-00063-00017393-00017580 also responsible for much of the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00064-00017581-00017818 exposition in earlier prajnaparamita
7oXkB_--ALQ-00065-00017819-00018105 sutra in the Lotus Sutra Sanskrit sad
7oXkB_--ALQ-00066-00018106-00018382 Dharma pundarika Sutra Chinese law wah
7oXkB_--ALQ-00067-00018383-00018672 wah Jing or Miao phalion wah wah Jing
7oXkB_--ALQ-00068-00018673-00018922 chapter 6 bestow love prophecy the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00069-00018923-00019090 Buddha bestows prophecies of
7oXkB_--ALQ-00070-00019091-00019300 enlightenment on subhuti along with
7oXkB_--ALQ-00071-00019301-00019508 other services such as maha Kasyapa
7oXkB_--ALQ-00072-00019509-00020299 muhaha Gianna and Mohammed Galliano
7oXkB_--ALQ-00073-00020300-00020874 topic in Zen writings
7oXkB_--ALQ-00074-00020875-00021168 in Zen Buddhism subhuti appears in
7oXkB_--ALQ-00075-00021169-00021522 several cones such as this one one day
7oXkB_--ALQ-00076-00021523-00021768 in a mood of sublime emptiness subhuti
7oXkB_--ALQ-00077-00021769-00021960 was resting underneath a tree when
7oXkB_--ALQ-00078-00021961-00022191 flowers began to fall about him we are
7oXkB_--ALQ-00079-00022192-00022371 praising you for your discourse on
7oXkB_--ALQ-00080-00022372-00022677 emptiness the gods whispered to subhuti
7oXkB_--ALQ-00081-00022678-00022958 but i have not spoken of emptiness
7oXkB_--ALQ-00082-00022959-00023139 replied subhuti
7oXkB_--ALQ-00083-00023140-00023406 you have not spoken of emptiness we have
7oXkB_--ALQ-00084-00023407-00023742 not heard emptiness responded the gods
7oXkB_--ALQ-00085-00023743-00024102 this is the true emptiness the blossoms
7oXkB_--ALQ-00086-00024103-00024769 showered upon subhuti as rain
7oXkB_--ALQ-00087-00024770-00025427 topic lineage of the panchen lamas
7oXkB_--ALQ-00088-00025428-00025669 in the lineage of the panchen lamas of
7oXkB_--ALQ-00089-00025670-00025858 tibet there were considered to be four
7oXkB_--ALQ-00090-00025860-00026203 Indian and three Tibetan incarnations of
7oXkB_--ALQ-00091-00026204-00026468 Amitabha Buddha before Kedra gelik Pell
7oXkB_--ALQ-00092-00026469-00026654 Zhang who is recognized as the first
7oXkB_--ALQ-00093-00026655-00026945 Panchen Lama the lineage starts with
7oXkB_--ALQ-00094-00026945-00027493 subhuti
7oXkB_--ALQ-00095-00027494-00028094 topic in Chinese literature
7oXkB_--ALQ-00096-00028095-00028397 a character based on subhuti appears in
7oXkB_--ALQ-00097-00028398-00028601 the Chinese classical novel Journey to
7oXkB_--ALQ-00098-00028602-00028793 the West as the teacher of The Monkey
7oXkB_--ALQ-00099-00028794-00029150 King Sun Wukong the story of Sun Wukong
7oXkB_--ALQ-00100-00029151-00029402 first meeting subhuti was a play on the
7oXkB_--ALQ-00101-00029402-00029624 Zen story of waning meeting hong hwon as
7oXkB_--ALQ-00102-00029625-00029839 told in the platform Sutra of Zen
7oXkB_--ALQ-00103-00029841-00030058 Buddhism because of the role that
7oXkB_--ALQ-00104-00030060-00030335 subhuti plays in the story his name has
7oXkB_--ALQ-00105-00030336-00031058 remained familiar in Chinese culture
7oXkB_--ALQ-00106-00031058-00031582 topic footnotes
7oXkB_--ALQ-00107-00031583-00031789 you
74uy-RqXulg-00000-00000003-00000221 now it's time for statements by members
74uy-RqXulg-00001-00000222-00000536 the member from Nipissing thank you and
74uy-RqXulg-00002-00000537-00000824 good afternoon speaker as a former mayor
74uy-RqXulg-00003-00000825-00001033 of the city of North Bay it was clear to
74uy-RqXulg-00004-00001034-00001235 me that decisions made here at Queen's
74uy-RqXulg-00005-00001236-00001481 Park part always in the best interest of
74uy-RqXulg-00006-00001482-00001712 northerners and aren't made with a
74uy-RqXulg-00007-00001713-00001942 northern perspective being considered in
74uy-RqXulg-00008-00001943-00002180 the process northern interests are
74uy-RqXulg-00009-00002181-00002474 commonly ignored in favor of others or
74uy-RqXulg-00010-00002475-00002624 at least they have been by this
74uy-RqXulg-00011-00002625-00002692 government
74uy-RqXulg-00012-00002693-00002948 I've spoken many times on this and given
74uy-RqXulg-00013-00002949-00003191 many examples of how this has been the
74uy-RqXulg-00014-00003192-00003434 case from the far north act to the
74uy-RqXulg-00015-00003435-00003653 cancellation of the North Lander to the
74uy-RqXulg-00016-00003654-00003865 Ring of Fire the government should do
74uy-RqXulg-00017-00003867-00004190 more to institutionalize the impact on
74uy-RqXulg-00018-00004191-00004445 Northern Ontario on decisions made at
74uy-RqXulg-00019-00004446-00004688 Queen's Park that's why I'm thrilled
74uy-RqXulg-00020-00004689-00004916 that this is clearly recognized in the
74uy-RqXulg-00021-00004917-00005222 PC party's people's guarantee it states
74uy-RqXulg-00022-00005223-00005465 that quote Patrick Brown and the Ontario
74uy-RqXulg-00023-00005466-00005770 pcs will ensure that the voice of
74uy-RqXulg-00024-00005771-00005977 Northern Ontario was brought to every
74uy-RqXulg-00025-00005978-00006275 decision made here at Queen's Park by
74uy-RqXulg-00026-00006276-00006527 requiring every cabinet submission to
74uy-RqXulg-00027-00006528-00006856 include a Northern Ontario assessment I
74uy-RqXulg-00028-00006858-00007060 like to call it speaker shining a
74uy-RqXulg-00029-00007061-00007433 northern lens on all issues debated here
74uy-RqXulg-00030-00007434-00007678 at Queen's Park speaker this is real
74uy-RqXulg-00031-00007679-00007921 change that works for Ontario and it's
74uy-RqXulg-00032-00007922-00008214 real change that will work for the north
74uy-RqXulg-00033-00008215-00008674 thank you the member from Oshawa thank
74uy-RqXulg-00034-00008675-00008834 you today marks the National Day of
74uy-RqXulg-00035-00008835-00008978 Remembrance in action on violence
74uy-RqXulg-00036-00008979-00009323 against women on December 6 1989 14
74uy-RqXulg-00037-00009324-00009439 women were killed at L'Ecole
74uy-RqXulg-00038-00009440-00009659 Polytechnique in Montreal the shooter
74uy-RqXulg-00039-00009660-00009874 separated the women from the men calling
74uy-RqXulg-00040-00009875-00010103 them feminists to slaughter they were
74uy-RqXulg-00041-00010104-00010264 murdered for being women they were
74uy-RqXulg-00042-00010265-00010435 students who were going against the
74uy-RqXulg-00043-00010436-00010606 grain and pursuing goals in a field that
74uy-RqXulg-00044-00010607-00010778 wasn't typical for women they were
74uy-RqXulg-00045-00010779-00010931 paving the way and their stories got
74uy-RqXulg-00046-00010932-00011174 stopped violently I hope the girls in
74uy-RqXulg-00047-00011175-00011321 today's classrooms understand their
74uy-RqXulg-00048-00011322-00011503 value and believe they can take on the
74uy-RqXulg-00049-00011504-00011669 world and make it better but our
74uy-RqXulg-00050-00011670-00011821 children are growing up with violence
74uy-RqXulg-00051-00011822-00011995 our children grow up surrounded by
74uy-RqXulg-00052-00011996-00012188 degrading and gender-based violent media
74uy-RqXulg-00053-00012189-00012419 and see violence at home in schools and
74uy-RqXulg-00054-00012420-00012644 in the community we should worry that
74uy-RqXulg-00055-00012645-00012821 they might think that violence is normal
74uy-RqXulg-00056-00012822-00013094 or inevitable common cases of sexual
74uy-RqXulg-00057-00013094-00013175 violence and so
74uy-RqXulg-00058-00013176-00013355 systems have encouraged women to start
74uy-RqXulg-00059-00013356-00013588 movements using the hashtags been raped
74uy-RqXulg-00060-00013590-00013963 never reported not okay and me too women
74uy-RqXulg-00061-00013965-00014141 should not expect to be assaulted on our
74uy-RqXulg-00062-00014141-00014297 campuses to be harassed in the workplace
74uy-RqXulg-00063-00014297-00014528 or to be exploited in trafficked our
74uy-RqXulg-00064-00014529-00014719 indigenous sisters should not expect to
74uy-RqXulg-00065-00014720-00014933 die and disappear girls should not grow
74uy-RqXulg-00066-00014934-00015097 up expecting to be objectified and
74uy-RqXulg-00067-00015098-00015313 minimized or assaulted girls should
74uy-RqXulg-00068-00015315-00015536 women should report and expect to be
74uy-RqXulg-00069-00015537-00015602 believed
74uy-RqXulg-00070-00015603-00015791 our Muslim sisters should not have to
74uy-RqXulg-00071-00015791-00015980 fear for their safety and no woman
74uy-RqXulg-00072-00015981-00016108 should be in danger for making decisions
74uy-RqXulg-00073-00016109-00016366 about her clothing future family or her
74uy-RqXulg-00074-00016368-00016681 body in the global context of power fear
74uy-RqXulg-00075-00016682-00016949 hate male dominance and government
74uy-RqXulg-00076-00016950-00017192 sanctioned misogyny women and girls are
74uy-RqXulg-00077-00017193-00017434 vulnerable on December 6th we mourn but
74uy-RqXulg-00078-00017435-00017600 each day we must unite to ensure that
74uy-RqXulg-00079-00017601-00017755 women and girls can become what they
74uy-RqXulg-00080-00017756-00017812 deserve
74uy-RqXulg-00081-00017813-00018086 dare and dreamed to be Thank You speaker
74uy-RqXulg-00082-00018087-00018535 [Applause]
74uy-RqXulg-00083-00018536-00018625 [Music]
74uy-RqXulg-00084-00018626-00019414 [Applause]
74uy-RqXulg-00085-00019415-00019718 Oprah is our instrument of economic
74uy-RqXulg-00086-00019719-00019961 development to give a chance for the
74uy-RqXulg-00087-00019962-00020147 weekend to unite in order to sell
74uy-RqXulg-00088-00020148-00020300 produce and create there generally
74uy-RqXulg-00089-00020301-00020761 contribute to the society businesses in
74uy-RqXulg-00090-00020762-00021017 Ontario that contributes six billion
74uy-RqXulg-00091-00021018-00021328 dollars annually and employ 50,000
74uy-RqXulg-00092-00021329-00021619 full-time employees it's also a movement
74uy-RqXulg-00093-00021620-00021961 of over forty nine thousand volunteers
74uy-RqXulg-00094-00021962-00022240 cooperative operate in a variety of
74uy-RqXulg-00095-00022241-00022462 sectors from financial to housing
74uy-RqXulg-00096-00022463-00022708 agriculture childcare brewing energy
74uy-RqXulg-00097-00022709-00022990 arts media and funeral homes to name
74uy-RqXulg-00098-00022991-00023056 just a few
74uy-RqXulg-00099-00023057-00023453 the final co-operative sector is very
74uy-RqXulg-00100-00023454-00023590 important for a francophone
74uy-RqXulg-00101-00023591-00023786 it is to give a chance for the minority
74uy-RqXulg-00102-00023787-00024164 to keep on uniting and development time
74uy-RqXulg-00103-00024165-00024439 ago but it continues to contribute to
74uy-RqXulg-00104-00024440-00024709 all of Ontario since I was born in a
74uy-RqXulg-00105-00024710-00024937 small apartment on top of a casebook leg
74uy-RqXulg-00106-00024938-00025211 and it's the coop movement is very close
74uy-RqXulg-00107-00025212-00025489 to my heart later I will be tabling a
74uy-RqXulg-00108-00025490-00025730 private member's bill to continue to
74uy-RqXulg-00109-00025731-00025927 support the expansion of the coop
74uy-RqXulg-00110-00025928-00026168 movement in Ontario and to level the
74uy-RqXulg-00111-00026169-00026314 playing field to ensure
74uy-RqXulg-00112-00026316-00026608 that every co-op can fulfill its members
74uy-RqXulg-00113-00026610-00026977 dreams ambition and aspiration Cinnabon
74uy-RqXulg-00114-00026979-00027149 remove Marco collective let's celebrate
74uy-RqXulg-00115-00027150-00027311 the corporative moment they don't tell
74uy-RqXulg-00116-00027312-00027548 you and let's wish it a long life thank
74uy-RqXulg-00117-00027549-00027883 you remember from here on breathe thank
74uy-RqXulg-00118-00027885-00028022 you very much speaker and I would like
74uy-RqXulg-00119-00028023-00028229 to join my colleague from Oshawa and
74uy-RqXulg-00120-00028230-00028489 with sediments about today December 6th
74uy-RqXulg-00121-00028491-00028766 it is a somber day for girls women and
74uy-RqXulg-00122-00028767-00029014 entire families as we remember the
74uy-RqXulg-00123-00029016-00029269 tragedy of the Montreal massacre elico
74uy-RqXulg-00124-00029270-00029642 Polytechnique on this day in 1989 14
74uy-RqXulg-00125-00029643-00029864 young women were gunned down for the
74uy-RqXulg-00126-00029864-00030188 only reason of being a woman each of
74uy-RqXulg-00127-00030189-00030347 these 14 young girls were engineering
74uy-RqXulg-00128-00030348-00030593 students they were sisters cousins
74uy-RqXulg-00129-00030594-00030860 teammates and daughters they all had
74uy-RqXulg-00130-00030861-00031175 brilliant minds ready to flourish I'm
74uy-RqXulg-00131-00031176-00031367 proud to say that today in current Bruce
74uy-RqXulg-00132-00031368-00031577 citizens gathered in Port Alvin to
74uy-RqXulg-00133-00031577-00031832 participate individual organized by the
74uy-RqXulg-00134-00031833-00031988 Southport Canadian Federation of
74uy-RqXulg-00135-00031989-00032245 University Women this local event has
74uy-RqXulg-00136-00032247-00032543 taken place every year for the past 26
74uy-RqXulg-00137-00032544-00032762 years and it is just one of the many
74uy-RqXulg-00138-00032763-00032969 vigils happening across the province
74uy-RqXulg-00139-00032970-00033341 today and across Canada I want to take
74uy-RqXulg-00140-00033342-00033563 this opportunity to recognize every
74uy-RqXulg-00141-00033564-00033890 single girl and woman who has faced or
74uy-RqXulg-00142-00033891-00034187 continues to face gender violence every
74uy-RqXulg-00143-00034188-00034465 day I want to take this opportunity to
74uy-RqXulg-00144-00034466-00034655 acknowledge the thousands of missing and
74uy-RqXulg-00145-00034656-00034889 murdered indigenous women across Ontario
74uy-RqXulg-00146-00034890-00035140 and Canada all of the victims of family
74uy-RqXulg-00147-00035141-00035348 violence and all of those who have been
74uy-RqXulg-00148-00035349-00035585 forever changed by sexual violence I
74uy-RqXulg-00149-00035586-00035819 believe in the value of empowering young
74uy-RqXulg-00150-00035820-00036017 women to accomplish anything they can
74uy-RqXulg-00151-00036018-00036277 set their minds to and I ask you all to
74uy-RqXulg-00152-00036278-00036593 reflect and stand with me and together
74uy-RqXulg-00153-00036594-00036923 say that violence of women will not be
74uy-RqXulg-00154-00036924-00037196 tolerated today and most importantly
74uy-RqXulg-00155-00037197-00037412 every day we must talk about how we are
74uy-RqXulg-00156-00037413-00037595 going to continue to move forward and
74uy-RqXulg-00157-00037596-00037838 create a world where all genders can
74uy-RqXulg-00158-00037839-00038130 competently thrive thanks people
74uy-RqXulg-00159-00038131-00038476 [Applause]
74uy-RqXulg-00160-00038477-00038658 Thank You speaker since this is my last
74uy-RqXulg-00161-00038659-00038851 statement before the holidays I'd like
74uy-RqXulg-00162-00038852-00039036 to talk about the spirit of giving today
74uy-RqXulg-00163-00039037-00039214 because that's what the holidays are all
74uy-RqXulg-00164-00039215-00039483 about this holiday season Ontarians will
74uy-RqXulg-00165-00039484-00039604 be thinking about what the wind'
74uy-RqXulg-00166-00039605-00039786 Liberals have given to them this year
74uy-RqXulg-00167-00039787-00039976 they'll be thinking about the 300
74uy-RqXulg-00168-00039977-00040155 percent hike to their hydro bills and
74uy-RqXulg-00169-00040156-00040429 the 4.5 million dollar salary the
74uy-RqXulg-00170-00040430-00040737 Liberals gave the CEO Hydra won-soon the
74uy-RqXulg-00171-00040738-00040926 Liberals will be giving us prepaid hydro
74uy-RqXulg-00172-00040927-00041214 meters a gift that keeps on giving to
74uy-RqXulg-00173-00041215-00041405 the shareholders of Hydra one that is
74uy-RqXulg-00174-00041406-00041601 Ontarians will have to keep plugging
74uy-RqXulg-00175-00041602-00041796 that meter because when it runs empty
74uy-RqXulg-00176-00041797-00041967 and the power goes off there's going to
74uy-RqXulg-00177-00041968-00042145 be a lot of families seniors and
74uy-RqXulg-00178-00042146-00042351 vulnerable people left in the cold
74uy-RqXulg-00179-00042352-00042598 speaker Conservatives definitely aren't
74uy-RqXulg-00180-00042599-00042780 knowing for their giving spirit they
74uy-RqXulg-00181-00042781-00042973 plan to take 6.1 billion out of
74uy-RqXulg-00182-00042974-00043192 fundamental services and agencies though
74uy-RqXulg-00183-00043193-00043365 they haven't told us which ones yet and
74uy-RqXulg-00184-00043366-00043561 of course they're going to leave the
74uy-RqXulg-00185-00043562-00043821 Liberal hydro scheme as it is a lump of
74uy-RqXulg-00186-00043822-00044098 coal in everyone's stocking speaker New
74uy-RqXulg-00187-00044099-00044271 Democrats fundamentally opposed the
74uy-RqXulg-00188-00044272-00044526 privatization of our hydro system and we
74uy-RqXulg-00189-00044527-00044736 want to embody the right kind of giving
74uy-RqXulg-00190-00044737-00044958 spirit this holiday season we want to
74uy-RqXulg-00191-00044959-00045177 give those prepaid meters back to the
74uy-RqXulg-00192-00045178-00045382 Liberals and give Hydra one back to the
74uy-RqXulg-00193-00045383-00045546 people of Ontario where it rightly
74uy-RqXulg-00194-00045547-00045792 belongs and we have a plan to do just
74uy-RqXulg-00195-00045793-00046158 that deeply remember so much remember
74uy-RqXulg-00196-00046159-00046318 from Scarborough
74uy-RqXulg-00197-00046319-00046535 Thank You mr. speaker today I rise in
74uy-RqXulg-00198-00046536-00046774 the house to remember Maureen prinsloo
74uy-RqXulg-00199-00046775-00046985 an extraordinary constituent of
74uy-RqXulg-00200-00046986-00047183 Scarborough Agincourt and outstanding
74uy-RqXulg-00201-00047184-00047398 advocate for the people of Scarborough
74uy-RqXulg-00202-00047399-00047683 Maureen passed away on December the 2nd
74uy-RqXulg-00203-00047684-00047957 at the age of 79 Maureen was an
74uy-RqXulg-00204-00047958-00048136 exceptional voice with the people of her
74uy-RqXulg-00205-00048137-00048326 community not because of political
74uy-RqXulg-00206-00048327-00048557 attack or strategy but because she
74uy-RqXulg-00207-00048558-00048751 worked tirelessly for change no matter
74uy-RqXulg-00208-00048752-00049030 the political price as a private citizen
74uy-RqXulg-00209-00049031-00049229 Maureen successfully lobby for the city
74uy-RqXulg-00210-00049230-00049468 of - Scarborough into building a water
74uy-RqXulg-00211-00049469-00049679 retention pond to mitigate extreme
74uy-RqXulg-00212-00049680-00049886 flooding her persistence made her an
74uy-RqXulg-00213-00049887-00050080 ideal candidate for city councilor in
74uy-RqXulg-00214-00050081-00050357 Scarborough a post you ho-ho for 10
74uy-RqXulg-00215-00050358-00050620 years mr. speaker she also represents
74uy-RqXulg-00216-00050621-00050815 Garbo on the Metro Toronto council and
74uy-RqXulg-00217-00050816-00051092 service Deputy Chair marine is most
74uy-RqXulg-00218-00051093-00051248 notable Morrissey for her work as a
74uy-RqXulg-00219-00051249-00051415 chair of the Metro Toronto Police
74uy-RqXulg-00220-00051416-00051662 Services Board she recognized the
74uy-RqXulg-00221-00051663-00051844 changing landscape of Toronto and
74uy-RqXulg-00222-00051845-00052063 necessity of police force that mirrors
74uy-RqXulg-00223-00052064-00052279 and respects this community in the words
74uy-RqXulg-00224-00052280-00052519 of the former Metro chairman and M Pete
74uy-RqXulg-00225-00052520-00052778 Allen tongues mowing quote was wasn't
74uy-RqXulg-00226-00052779-00053066 standing up to hearers herself talk to
74uy-RqXulg-00227-00053066-00053312 us up there to deliver a message and her
74uy-RqXulg-00228-00053313-00053513 message was usually one of inclusiveness
74uy-RqXulg-00229-00053514-00053743 and strengthen a sense of community and
74uy-RqXulg-00230-00053744-00053987 of quote Mr Speaker we need more
74uy-RqXulg-00231-00053988-00054224 politician like Maureen Scarborough
74uy-RqXulg-00232-00054225-00054454 agent Koval miss Maureen and look fondly
74uy-RqXulg-00233-00054455-00054757 on her work as a strong advocate for her
74uy-RqXulg-00234-00054758-00055004 community Thank You mr. speaker Thank
74uy-RqXulg-00235-00055004-00055429 You st. Marie Thank You mr. speaker
74uy-RqXulg-00236-00055429-00055732 PET scanners are a diagnostic tool that
74uy-RqXulg-00237-00055733-00055859 allows doctors to be a bit of better
74uy-RqXulg-00238-00055860-00056216 diagnose various sigh and problems such
74uy-RqXulg-00239-00056216-00056431 as cancer heart illnesses and
74uy-RqXulg-00240-00056432-00056584 neurological diseases
74uy-RqXulg-00241-00056585-00056788 currently in my riding and Suzanne
74uy-RqXulg-00242-00056789-00056984 Murray there is no PET scanner available
74uy-RqXulg-00243-00056985-00057205 in fact between Northern Ontario and
74uy-RqXulg-00244-00057207-00057416 Northeastern Ontario there is no PET
74uy-RqXulg-00245-00057416-00057641 scanners if somebody needs a PET scan if
74uy-RqXulg-00246-00057641-00057821 they're diagnosed for that they have to
74uy-RqXulg-00247-00057822-00058204 travel all the way through the GTA
74uy-RqXulg-00248-00058204-00058512 and in order for them to travel to the
74uy-RqXulg-00249-00058513-00058968 gt8 it stopped the clock the minister
74uy-RqXulg-00250-00058969-00059351 will come to order
74uy-RqXulg-00251-00059352-00059988 that the minister is warned I find it
74uy-RqXulg-00252-00059989-00060141 disheartening that I have to stand
74uy-RqXulg-00253-00060142-00060415 during statements and there is a
74uy-RqXulg-00254-00060416-00060630 tradition in this place that statements
74uy-RqXulg-00255-00060631-00060882 are for your writings and they should
74uy-RqXulg-00256-00060883-00061397 stay that way the member may continue
74uy-RqXulg-00257-00061398-00061735 Thank You speaker so in summary we do
74uy-RqXulg-00258-00061736-00061921 not have a pat scanner and when somebody
74uy-RqXulg-00259-00061922-00062130 needs to get a pat scanned on they need
74uy-RqXulg-00260-00062131-00062337 to travel all the way to the GTA to able
74uy-RqXulg-00261-00062338-00062523 to be able to get that much-needed tool
74uy-RqXulg-00262-00062524-00062797 the sad reality is that for community
74uy-RqXulg-00263-00062798-00062959 like Sue st. Marie to get to the GTA
74uy-RqXulg-00264-00062960-00063072 you're getting in your car you're
74uy-RqXulg-00265-00063073-00063336 driving eight hours in order to get that
74uy-RqXulg-00266-00063337-00063597 much-needed diagnostic tool and and the
74uy-RqXulg-00267-00063598-00063791 harsh reality as you're driving alone
74uy-RqXulg-00268-00063792-00064032 you're going about this whole process on
74uy-RqXulg-00269-00064033-00064293 your own without the the comfort of your
74uy-RqXulg-00270-00064294-00064473 friends and your family members nearby
74uy-RqXulg-00271-00064474-00064769 and sometimes you're receiving extremely
74uy-RqXulg-00272-00064770-00065016 devastating news when you get to where
74uy-RqXulg-00273-00065017-00065248 you're going and you have to endure that
74uy-RqXulg-00274-00065249-00065463 alone without the comfort of your family
74uy-RqXulg-00275-00065464-00065646 and your friends
74uy-RqXulg-00276-00065647-00065985 Suzie Marie needs a PET scanner now I am
74uy-RqXulg-00277-00065986-00066126 very happy that in the people's
74uy-RqXulg-00278-00066127-00066484 guarantee the PC caucus has agreed and
74uy-RqXulg-00279-00066485-00066691 has committed to ensuring that a PET
74uy-RqXulg-00280-00066692-00066859 scanner a mobile PET scanner will be
74uy-RqXulg-00281-00066860-00067056 available in Northern Ontario will be
74uy-RqXulg-00282-00067057-00067866 available in Susie thank you in the
74uy-RqXulg-00283-00067867-00068106 islands Thank You mr. Speaker I rise in
74uy-RqXulg-00284-00068107-00068262 the House today to speak about how
74uy-RqXulg-00285-00068263-00068463 instrumental local news and newspapers
74uy-RqXulg-00286-00068464-00068772 are to communities across the province
74uy-RqXulg-00287-00068773-00069099 regardless of community size local news
74uy-RqXulg-00288-00069100-00069225 is an important source of information
74uy-RqXulg-00289-00069226-00069456 that creates jobs in even the smallest
74uy-RqXulg-00290-00069457-00069738 of communities and my riding of Kingston
74uy-RqXulg-00291-00069739-00069865 and the islands we are lucky to have
74uy-RqXulg-00292-00069866-00070101 many sources that deliver local regional
74uy-RqXulg-00293-00070102-00070297 and national news to Kingstonian
74uy-RqXulg-00294-00070298-00070597 I am truly honored to be honored to be
74uy-RqXulg-00295-00070598-00070860 joined by the reporters Steph Crozier
74uy-RqXulg-00296-00070861-00071141 from Kingston wig standard one of Canada
74uy-RqXulg-00297-00071142-00071477 oldest daily newspapers local papers
74uy-RqXulg-00298-00071478-00071642 cover everything from the latest City
74uy-RqXulg-00299-00071643-00071846 Council meeting to classified to
74uy-RqXulg-00300-00071847-00072092 national news providing Ontarians with
74uy-RqXulg-00301-00072093-00072284 information most relevant to them and
74uy-RqXulg-00302-00072285-00072497 their communities not only is it
74uy-RqXulg-00303-00072498-00072689 important to advise them of events in
74uy-RqXulg-00304-00072690-00072860 their towns and cities it's a way to
74uy-RqXulg-00305-00072861-00073184 share community stories issues history
74uy-RqXulg-00306-00073185-00073463 and information reporters who work on
74uy-RqXulg-00307-00073464-00073718 these stories often know the people that
74uy-RqXulg-00308-00073719-00073913 they are interviewing which adds further
74uy-RqXulg-00309-00073914-00074120 depth to the stories that they tell
74uy-RqXulg-00310-00074121-00074360 however it's becoming clear that this
74uy-RqXulg-00311-00074361-00074630 industry is changing in Kingston and the
74uy-RqXulg-00312-00074631-00074822 islands to local papers the Kingston
74uy-RqXulg-00313-00074823-00075044 heritage and Frontenac because at both
74uy-RqXulg-00314-00075045-00075352 face on certain futures in our community
74uy-RqXulg-00315-00075353-00075638 unfortunately these changes led to
74uy-RqXulg-00316-00075639-00075857 closures job losses and the shuttering
74uy-RqXulg-00317-00075858-00076052 of problem newspapers and dailies and
74uy-RqXulg-00318-00076053-00076250 our province mr. speaker this is a
74uy-RqXulg-00319-00076251-00076463 statement which is a tribute to our
74uy-RqXulg-00320-00076464-00076667 local newspapers across the province and
74uy-RqXulg-00321-00076668-00076877 the staff and the reporters who work
74uy-RqXulg-00322-00076878-00077102 within them support your local
74uy-RqXulg-00323-00077103-00077426 newspapers merci beaucoup thank you
74uy-RqXulg-00324-00077427-00077758 [Applause]
74uy-RqXulg-00325-00077759-00078176 thank you I rise today this application
74uy-RqXulg-00326-00078177-00078371 by Huntsville's Fairburn nursing home
74uy-RqXulg-00327-00078372-00078716 for 20 additional beds forever currently
74uy-RqXulg-00328-00078717-00079061 has 76 beds and a waiting list of 143
74uy-RqXulg-00329-00079062-00079300 across the province there more than
74uy-RqXulg-00330-00079301-00079547 32,000 Ontarians waiting for long term
74uy-RqXulg-00331-00079548-00079805 care beds seniors waiting for spaces and
74uy-RqXulg-00332-00079806-00080006 long term care put pressure on our
74uy-RqXulg-00333-00080007-00080264 entire healthcare system many are forced
74uy-RqXulg-00334-00080265-00080483 to stay an alternative level of care
74uy-RqXulg-00335-00080484-00080663 beds in hospital while they wait for
74uy-RqXulg-00336-00080664-00080999 long-term care or for home care we all
74uy-RqXulg-00337-00081000-00081188 know that hospital overcrowding is an
74uy-RqXulg-00338-00081189-00081440 issue province-wide recently at west
74uy-RqXulg-00339-00081441-00081707 praise town health centre 21 of the 70
74uy-RqXulg-00340-00081708-00081896 acute care beds were occupied by
74uy-RqXulg-00341-00081897-00082190 patients waiting for long-term care or
74uy-RqXulg-00342-00082191-00082427 home care and the story is similar at
74uy-RqXulg-00343-00082428-00082793 other hospitals in the area at 76 beds
74uy-RqXulg-00344-00082794-00083012 Fairburn is a smaller nursing home and
74uy-RqXulg-00345-00083013-00083267 has applied for this additional capacity
74uy-RqXulg-00346-00083268-00083492 in order to ensure its financial
74uy-RqXulg-00347-00083493-00083804 sustainability without this expansion
74uy-RqXulg-00348-00083805-00083966 there is concern that forever and may be
74uy-RqXulg-00349-00083967-00084149 forced to close
74uy-RqXulg-00350-00084150-00084353 the community is behind this expansion
74uy-RqXulg-00351-00084354-00084542 both the town of Huntsville and the
74uy-RqXulg-00352-00084543-00084749 district of Muskoka have committed to
74uy-RqXulg-00353-00084750-00084995 invest in the redevelopment the Ministry
74uy-RqXulg-00354-00084996-00085151 of Health and long-term care is holding
74uy-RqXulg-00355-00085152-00085373 a public meeting next Tuesday December
74uy-RqXulg-00356-00085374-00085559 12th at Huntsville Public Library
74uy-RqXulg-00357-00085560-00085796 unfortunately I am unable to be there as
74uy-RqXulg-00358-00085797-00085916 I will be here at the legislature
74uy-RqXulg-00359-00085917-00086216 speaker I reiterate my support for fair
74uy-RqXulg-00360-00086217-00086453 burns proposal encourage the minister to
74uy-RqXulg-00361-00086454-00086642 approve this expansion and encourage
74uy-RqXulg-00362-00086643-00086840 residents of Huntsville to attend the
74uy-RqXulg-00363-00086841-00087041 public meeting to communicate the need
74uy-RqXulg-00364-00087042-00087257 for more long-term care beds in the area
74uy-RqXulg-00365-00087258-00087617 thank you I couldn't call members for
74uy-RqXulg-00366-00087618-00087887 their statements it's
777mdhA6Rjo-00000-00001544-00001630 we're in luck
777mdhA6Rjo-00001-00001632-00001887 temperatures on the rise and uh the
777mdhA6Rjo-00002-00001888-00002055 ground is dry it hasn't rained here for
777mdhA6Rjo-00003-00002056-00002134 a while
777mdhA6Rjo-00004-00002135-00002391 so we haven't got a lot of slippery mud
777mdhA6Rjo-00005-00002392-00002495 spills to
777mdhA6Rjo-00006-00002496-00002831 navigate or slide through and we're
777mdhA6Rjo-00007-00002832-00002902 about
777mdhA6Rjo-00008-00002903-00003158 800 meters away from the cache up the
777mdhA6Rjo-00009-00003159-00003286 assault river so
777mdhA6Rjo-00010-00003288-00004286 let's get going
777mdhA6Rjo-00011-00004287-00004599 maybe i spoke too soon that's not too
777mdhA6Rjo-00012-00004600-00004886 bad
777mdhA6Rjo-00013-00004887-00005167 at this location the el sobo river flows
777mdhA6Rjo-00014-00005168-00005222 through
777mdhA6Rjo-00015-00005223-00005575 the assable gorge totaling approximately
777mdhA6Rjo-00016-00005576-00005838 19 kilometers or 12 miles
777mdhA6Rjo-00017-00005839-00006102 the river valley becomes as deep as 30
777mdhA6Rjo-00018-00006103-00006175 meters
777mdhA6Rjo-00019-00006176-00006559 or almost 100 feet the gorge was created
777mdhA6Rjo-00020-00006559-00006719 over thousands of years
777mdhA6Rjo-00021-00006720-00006942 as the river carved through the wyoming
777mdhA6Rjo-00022-00006943-00007023 moraine
777mdhA6Rjo-00023-00007023-00007246 and the soft limestone bedrock
777mdhA6Rjo-00024-00007247-00007359 underneath
777mdhA6Rjo-00025-00007359-00007583 the assault gorge is listed as a
777mdhA6Rjo-00026-00007584-00007839 carolinian canada site
777mdhA6Rjo-00027-00007840-00008159 the carolinian life region occupies most
777mdhA6Rjo-00028-00008159-00008342 of southwestern ontario
777mdhA6Rjo-00029-00008343-00008574 running from detroit in the west to
777mdhA6Rjo-00030-00008575-00008871 toronto and niagara in the east
777mdhA6Rjo-00031-00008872-00009103 more endangered and rare species are
777mdhA6Rjo-00032-00009104-00009206 found here
777mdhA6Rjo-00033-00009207-00009527 than in any other part of the country
777mdhA6Rjo-00034-00009528-00009759 and even more amazing is that this
777mdhA6Rjo-00035-00009760-00009831 region
777mdhA6Rjo-00036-00009832-00010255 is home to 25 of canada's population
777mdhA6Rjo-00037-00010256-00011283 on only 0.25 percent of its land
777mdhA6Rjo-00039-00014368-00014607 gz has us close within about three
777mdhA6Rjo-00040-00014608-00014686 meters
777mdhA6Rjo-00041-00014687-00014911 and the hint says under a log between
777mdhA6Rjo-00042-00014912-00015807 two rocks
777mdhA6Rjo-00043-00015808-00016119 well we're really close yeah you are oh
777mdhA6Rjo-00044-00016119-00016158 yeah
777mdhA6Rjo-00045-00016159-00016383 yeah look it's really cool holy doodle
777mdhA6Rjo-00046-00016384-00016839 there's one
777mdhA6Rjo-00047-00016840-00017086 it looks in good shape yeah it's awesome
777mdhA6Rjo-00048-00017087-00017215 how old is this cash
777mdhA6Rjo-00049-00017216-00017558 17 and a half years old placed october
777mdhA6Rjo-00050-00017559-00017747 22nd
777mdhA6Rjo-00051-00017748-00018086 2003. wow that's an oldie and it's in
777mdhA6Rjo-00052-00018087-00018222 really good shape there's not a lot of
777mdhA6Rjo-00053-00018223-00018439 rust on it yep there's a squishy
777mdhA6Rjo-00054-00018440-00018655 ambulance
777mdhA6Rjo-00055-00018656-00019047 hey you got a medal
777mdhA6Rjo-00056-00019048-00019403 cash canada april 3rd
777mdhA6Rjo-00057-00019404-00020503 2021 got it
777mdhA6Rjo-00058-00020504-00020719 was really cool to come out to this spot
777mdhA6Rjo-00059-00020720-00020975 and walk down this beautiful river
777mdhA6Rjo-00060-00020976-00021183 yeah the greenery's not out but it'll be
777mdhA6Rjo-00061-00021184-00021399 soon keep watching there's more caches
777mdhA6Rjo-00062-00021400-00021486 to be found
777mdhA6Rjo-00063-00021487-00022022 yep where will geocaching take you
777mdhA6Rjo-00064-00022023-00022230 somebody lost a flip-flop and broke a
777mdhA6Rjo-00065-00022231-00022463 strap that's probably why
777mdhA6Rjo-00066-00022464-00023985 maybe it was annie love the lackey
777mdhA6Rjo-00067-00023986-00025283 [Music]
777mdhA6Rjo-00068-00025284-00025489 so
777mdhA6Rjo-00069-00025490-00028395 [Music]
777mdhA6Rjo-00070-00028395-00028695 ugh
77V2L3nosA8-00000-00005032-00006863 okay
77V2L3nosA8-00001-00006864-00008246 oh
77V2L3nosA8-00002-00008247-00008623 all right
77V2L3nosA8-00004-00012592-00012935 if i can
77V2L3nosA8-00005-00012936-00013127 breathe
77V2L3nosA8-00006-00013128-00014935 yeah
77V2L3nosA8-00007-00014936-00016622 thank you
77V2L3nosA8-00008-00016623-00019558 oh
77V2L3nosA8-00009-00019559-00020903 i'm
77V2L3nosA8-00010-00020904-00022439 what
77V2L3nosA8-00011-00022440-00022878 oh
77V2L3nosA8-00012-00022879-00023179 already
79p7Y2nTZGo-00000-00000000-00000542 third so a moment ago it was including
79p7Y2nTZGo-00001-00000543-00000899 the empty space the amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00002-00000900-00001303 it was choosing empty space am a or am
79p7Y2nTZGo-00003-00001304-00001660 so we have the could jig with a bit with
79p7Y2nTZGo-00004-00001661-00001939 a what it's could means all back to 0
79p7Y2nTZGo-00005-00001941-00002300 because again Eddie reminded me that we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00006-00002301-00002509 needed to do something else here put all
79p7Y2nTZGo-00007-00002510-00002677 of these back to 0 this should be the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00008-00002678-00002840 correct way because I had it in my notes
79p7Y2nTZGo-00009-00002841-00003233 and the way the reason that it was also
79p7Y2nTZGo-00010-00003234-00003595 including the empty space was we needed
79p7Y2nTZGo-00011-00003596-00004018 to say wherever there is an empty space
79p7Y2nTZGo-00012-00004019-00004372 remove it wherever there's an a empty
79p7Y2nTZGo-00013-00004373-00004565 space for it move it wherever there's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00014-00004566-00004835 the empty space remove it we're about to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00015-00004836-00004994 put empty spaces in each of these
79p7Y2nTZGo-00016-00004995-00005318 t-shirts so that we do start from the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00017-00005319-00005633 zero position thus first letter because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00018-00005634-00005834 if we I didn't test it for the default
79p7Y2nTZGo-00019-00005835-00006065 but if we could start from 1 it would
79p7Y2nTZGo-00020-00006066-00006224 have skipped the first letter of a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00021-00006225-00006418 comment with only the starting from the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00022-00006419-00006728 first first letter so these should be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00023-00006729-00007067 put these back to zero and instead it's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00024-00007068-00007570 got to be replace the space replace the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00025-00007572-00008089 a and replace that and space using my
79p7Y2nTZGo-00026-00008090-00008294 notes like that can't be any spaces and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00027-00008295-00008731 I printed out so make sure these have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00028-00008732-00008942 the word to be replaced
79p7Y2nTZGo-00029-00008943-00009209 cause of space you should be back to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00030-00009210-00009380 zero you should what the same is is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00031-00009381-00009931 obviously 151 frequently and rarely
79p7Y2nTZGo-00032-00009932-00010169 default leave it every trip that's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00033-00010170-00010360 another one yeah never be just very
79p7Y2nTZGo-00034-00010361-00010559 waiting another way yeah there's so many
79p7Y2nTZGo-00035-00010560-00010735 ways to do the same thing so that could
79p7Y2nTZGo-00036-00010736-00011120 be a way to leave the other ones leave
79p7Y2nTZGo-00037-00011121-00011312 all of these is one but they have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00038-00011313-00011938 default at zero
79p7Y2nTZGo-00039-00011939-00012496 all right so this concludes our comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00040-00012497-00012846 prep function all of that is to prepare
79p7Y2nTZGo-00041-00012847-00013191 the data that the person typed into the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00042-00013191-00014269 boxes testing it one more time if I do
79p7Y2nTZGo-00043-00014270-00015402 the amazing spider-man 300 good years if
79p7Y2nTZGo-00044-00015403-00016340 you want save so just to confirm 80s
79p7Y2nTZGo-00045-00016341-00016644 processing all of that my console R is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00046-00016645-00016842 going to come out so I start to comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00047-00016843-00017052 out if you think is the important one
79p7Y2nTZGo-00048-00017053-00017303 that it book shows this our data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00049-00017304-00017616 please being bundled add nonsense
79p7Y2nTZGo-00050-00017617-00017991 instead of this stuff especially life in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00051-00017992-00018216 before or so I don't need to see that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00052-00018217-00018380 anymore I don't need to see the raw data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00053-00018381-00018737 I confirm that my cases work I don't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00054-00018738-00018959 need to see that so then I'm going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00055-00018960-00019146 comment out a few things you can do this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00056-00019147-00019362 if you want first I'm going to comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00057-00019363-00019737 out line 74 now this is technically a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00058-00019738-00019925 multi-line comment so you will have to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00059-00019926-00020268 comment both of those lines if you broke
79p7Y2nTZGo-00060-00020269-00020609 it like me or you can do of course the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00061-00020610-00021287 multi-line comments this way I knew that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00062-00021288-00021497 raw the output anymore
79p7Y2nTZGo-00063-00021498-00021708 really these consoles which were there
79p7Y2nTZGo-00064-00021709-00022416 any more love and ah whatever
79p7Y2nTZGo-00065-00022417-00023108 I just want to have a slightly cleaner
79p7Y2nTZGo-00066-00023109-00024780 output this is optional but I just want
79p7Y2nTZGo-00067-00024781-00026985 to see that I want to see one output
79p7Y2nTZGo-00068-00026986-00027223 one more thing before we wrap up this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00069-00027224-00027887 function we have console.log comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00070-00027888-00028480 displays the whole jason object kind of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00071-00028481-00028711 redundant JavaScript object notation
79p7Y2nTZGo-00072-00028712-00029011 object the whole JSON object okay so if
79p7Y2nTZGo-00073-00029012-00029227 you just say comic let the whole bundle
79p7Y2nTZGo-00074-00029227-00029548 of data with all of the fields for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00075-00029549-00029620 practice
79p7Y2nTZGo-00076-00029620-00030251 I only want to display the particular
79p7Y2nTZGo-00077-00030252-00030612 title the name of the comic what do I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00078-00030613-00030985 write here to only display the name of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00079-00030986-00031596 the conic only the name of the convict I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00080-00031597-00031780 only want to console.log the name of the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00081-00031781-00032614 comic Satyan based on the object that we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00082-00032614-00033399 were to create the comic concept comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00083-00033400-00033868 title yeah if this display the whole
79p7Y2nTZGo-00084-00033869-00034239 project now we want one field of the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00085-00034240-00034655 object so main the object does it need
79p7Y2nTZGo-00086-00034656-00035058 title comment publisher whatever that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00087-00035059-00035295 dynamically is it's stored in this field
79p7Y2nTZGo-00088-00035296-00035652 you reference it feels attached to that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00089-00035653-00036011 object with our property of that object
79p7Y2nTZGo-00090-00036012-00036555 so keep this in mind because this is the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00091-00036556-00036726 whole point of bundling this data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00092-00036727-00036930 together as a JSON object we've created
79p7Y2nTZGo-00093-00036931-00037239 an object which has these properties so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00094-00037240-00037527 we've created later on once we give this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00095-00037528-00037729 back into our visual studio project
79p7Y2nTZGo-00096-00037730-00037936 we're going to add some new fields you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00097-00037937-00038076 don't have to do this now but later on
79p7Y2nTZGo-00098-00038077-00038495 we're going to have the fields of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00099-00038496-00038945 picture think of what it is later and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00100-00038946-00039301 barcode right so we can create new
79p7Y2nTZGo-00101-00039302-00039709 fields later you won't do that yet
79p7Y2nTZGo-00102-00039710-00040293 and so our object will have new fields
79p7Y2nTZGo-00103-00040294-00040771 then we can reference comic barcode
79p7Y2nTZGo-00104-00040772-00040942 because we're going to set up a way to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00105-00040943-00041203 scan the barcode of the comic that we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00106-00041204-00041398 store as well we cannot do that at all
79p7Y2nTZGo-00107-00041399-00041665 right now because we're not in a we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00108-00041666-00041869 not enough Cordova Christ we're not in a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00109-00041870-00042013 visual studio project so we have no
79p7Y2nTZGo-00110-00042014-00042385 functionality to use the camera but the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00111-00042386-00042592 functionality the flexibility of this is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00112-00042593-00042883 that then we can ask fields later in our
79p7Y2nTZGo-00113-00042884-00043402 development to our object it is an
79p7Y2nTZGo-00114-00043403-00043678 example here where this is optional but
79p7Y2nTZGo-00115-00043679-00044230 it's nice if you do this looks nice not
79p7Y2nTZGo-00116-00044231-00046606 so messy
79p7Y2nTZGo-00117-00046607-00048147 [Applause]
79p7Y2nTZGo-00118-00048148-00049443 okay so that save button is currently
79p7Y2nTZGo-00119-00049444-00050479 activating function prep which runs our
79p7Y2nTZGo-00120-00050480-00050884 prep function of course we'll get
79p7Y2nTZGo-00121-00050885-00051342 outside of that prep comic function will
79p7Y2nTZGo-00122-00051344-00051963 define a new one and you function FN
79p7Y2nTZGo-00123-00051964-00054253 save comic we were working with prep
79p7Y2nTZGo-00124-00054254-00054616 comic directly because we need to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00125-00054616-00055132 prepare the data that twenty lines or
79p7Y2nTZGo-00126-00055133-00055351 whatever it is with code fifty lines
79p7Y2nTZGo-00127-00055352-00055629 though that code is just to prepare the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00128-00055630-00055837 comic that's not actually to save the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00129-00055838-00056349 comic to the database actually it is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00130-00056350-00056683 save comic function which is the one
79p7Y2nTZGo-00131-00056684-00056904 that should be executed when we click
79p7Y2nTZGo-00132-00056905-00057109 the button to save we're going to click
79p7Y2nTZGo-00133-00057110-00057340 the button to save then we're going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00134-00057341-00057496 prepare the comic now we're going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00135-00057497-00057823 save the comic so we've got a new
79p7Y2nTZGo-00136-00057824-00058183 function save comic let's replace the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00137-00058184-00058661 event handler down here we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00138-00058662-00059165 in comic so very important here change
79p7Y2nTZGo-00139-00059166-00059687 your submit event handler to function
79p7Y2nTZGo-00140-00059688-00060491 save comic several things in the process
79p7Y2nTZGo-00141-00060491-00060641 of State one of those things is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00142-00060641-00060857 preparing the data he was preparing the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00143-00060858-00061082 data directly with the button just to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00144-00061083-00061372 make sure that could worked then need to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00145-00061373-00062992 do to the rest so we're still on the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00146-00062994-00063200 event of the of the form being submitted
79p7Y2nTZGo-00147-00063201-00063487 there's a default event that happens
79p7Y2nTZGo-00148-00063488-00063707 we're passing that event into the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00149-00063708-00063955 function we're preventing the default
79p7Y2nTZGo-00150-00063957-00064712 events inside of this function we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00151-00064713-00064891 creating a variable so it only exists
79p7Y2nTZGo-00152-00064892-00065071 for the duration that this function runs
79p7Y2nTZGo-00153-00065072-00065839 this will be a comic equal to function
79p7Y2nTZGo-00154-00065840-00065968 correct
79p7Y2nTZGo-00155-00065969-00066526 chronic all of those lines that preceded
79p7Y2nTZGo-00156-00066527-00067106 now will run there all of that will run
79p7Y2nTZGo-00157-00067107-00067427 capture the data prepare the data return
79p7Y2nTZGo-00158-00067428-00068225 the data store it and so here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00159-00068226-00068778 so we should confirm we have confirmed
79p7Y2nTZGo-00160-00068779-00069266 that the prep stuff worked comment those
79p7Y2nTZGo-00161-00069267-00070157 consoles out and instead console out the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00162-00070158-00072005 current coming
79p7Y2nTZGo-00163-00072006-00072512 so this would output the data of that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00164-00072513-00073403 comic console.log what does this do here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00165-00073404-00074018 is this line doing only div field of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00166-00074019-00074357 that comic art yeah so let's save it and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00167-00074358-00074478 run this everything should work
79p7Y2nTZGo-00168-00074479-00074835 basically the same as before and now
79p7Y2nTZGo-00169-00074836-00075017 we're going to write then several dozen
79p7Y2nTZGo-00170-00075018-00075198 language code here just like we wrote
79p7Y2nTZGo-00171-00075199-00075348 several design the throat on there
79p7Y2nTZGo-00172-00075349-00075575 allows us to prepare the comic now it's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00173-00075576-00075780 actually to save the data I just want to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00174-00075781-00076146 confirm this function runs this function
79p7Y2nTZGo-00175-00076147-00076398 is showing my odds of this one should be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00177-00080014-00080278 can't even grab the code from a network
79p7Y2nTZGo-00178-00080279-00080830 four-wheeler calm pouch whatever you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00179-00080831-00081004 need to put it in a folder with the rest
79p7Y2nTZGo-00180-00081005-00081364 of the jQuery stuff however all right so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00181-00081365-00081529 I'm going to run this just to confirm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00182-00081530-00081793 it's working how I expect again I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00183-00081794-00081946 going to save the Amazing Spiderman
79p7Y2nTZGo-00184-00081947-00082642 under 300 putting a year publisher at a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00185-00082643-00082861 certain point I will just put quick data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00186-00082862-00083254 but I'm just confirming it should be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00187-00083255-00083629 showing that now on line 128 or so it is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00188-00083630-00083977 showing my object and it showed only the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00189-00083978-00085168 ID line 129 so I commented out the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00190-00085169-00087036 previous console and Apple output there
79p7Y2nTZGo-00191-00087037-00087714 okay after that part will have DVD put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00192-00087715-00088054 this is the pouch DB command to put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00193-00088055-00088375 something in the database we created the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00194-00088376-00088567 database early on in our code it's just
79p7Y2nTZGo-00195-00088568-00088738 been hanging around there hasn't done
79p7Y2nTZGo-00196-00088739-00088921 much now we're actually going to put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00197-00088922-00089392 something into the database we're going
79p7Y2nTZGo-00198-00089393-00089731 to put a comic bundle all the data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00199-00089732-00089947 together as a JSON object put all of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00200-00089948-00090202 that into the database it has unique ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00201-00090203-00090664 and various fields comma most pouch
79p7Y2nTZGo-00202-00090665-00091044 functions most pouch methods command
79p7Y2nTZGo-00203-00091045-00091393 have two possibilities you're trying to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00204-00091394-00091571 put the data into the database two
79p7Y2nTZGo-00205-00091572-00091783 possibilities it went into the database
79p7Y2nTZGo-00206-00091784-00091819 or
79p7Y2nTZGo-00207-00091820-00092131 there was some error so we will find the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00208-00092132-00092548 syntax very commonly here will have a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00209-00092549-00093365 pouch pouch DB command method to put the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00210-00093366-00094234 data in the database two possibilities
79p7Y2nTZGo-00211-00094235-00094701 two possibilities to handle in a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00212-00094702-00095579 callback function so the comma here will
79p7Y2nTZGo-00213-00095580-00096060 be a callback function to deal with
79p7Y2nTZGo-00214-00096061-00096367 successfully placing the data or a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00215-00096368-00096734 failure in putting with it later when we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00216-00096735-00096971 try to retrieve the data dbgap
79p7Y2nTZGo-00217-00096972-00097166 we're going to try to get data out of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00218-00097167-00097399 the data X possibilities are that it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00219-00097400-00097673 succeeded or that it said later will try
79p7Y2nTZGo-00220-00097674-00097898 to update the data possibilities are
79p7Y2nTZGo-00221-00097899-00098116 that it succeeded and updated in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00222-00098117-00098410 updating or failed so here we say
79p7Y2nTZGo-00223-00098411-00098788 function and close fantasies up and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00224-00098789-00099708 close curly brace the callback function
79p7Y2nTZGo-00225-00099709-00099940 inside of these parentheses we have the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00226-00099941-00100360 parameters of either failure or success
79p7Y2nTZGo-00227-00100361-00100887 if you read the documentation of CouchDB
79p7Y2nTZGo-00228-00100888-00101118 because it's written by different people
79p7Y2nTZGo-00229-00101119-00101389 some of the documentation is a little
79p7Y2nTZGo-00230-00101390-00101572 inconsistent here and there some
79p7Y2nTZGo-00231-00101573-00101791 examples of the code will have it's a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00232-00101792-00102039 function Saylor success some will say
79p7Y2nTZGo-00233-00102040-00102630 you know bad good some will say wrong
79p7Y2nTZGo-00234-00102631-00103236 okay these objects these these
79p7Y2nTZGo-00235-00103238-00103483 parameters here can be named anything
79p7Y2nTZGo-00236-00103483-00103785 that can be named Kitty and cat but the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00237-00103786-00104257 first one is the failure result and the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00238-00104258-00104599 second one is the success results and to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00239-00104600-00105247 keep it simple failure success to keep
79p7Y2nTZGo-00240-00105248-00105478 it memorable that is simple would be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00241-00105479-00105823 typing less so we're trying to put the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00242-00105824-00105984 comic there's going to be a callback
79p7Y2nTZGo-00243-00105985-00106255 function on function if your run will be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00244-00106256-00106555 try to put it with either a failure or
79p7Y2nTZGo-00245-00106556-00107376 success result it would be what great
79p7Y2nTZGo-00246-00107377-00108157 say from somewhere yeah so I'm keeping a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00247-00108158-00108631 consistent failure success curly braces
79p7Y2nTZGo-00248-00108632-00108858 right there because then we're going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00249-00108859-00110157 break that and a little note and put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00250-00110158-00110395 we probably have other stuff in here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00251-00110396-00110670 there's going to be lots of line of code
79p7Y2nTZGo-00252-00110671-00111289 so we have yes it should not close it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00253-00111290-00111520 because you know both it looks like
79p7Y2nTZGo-00254-00111521-00111892 relative to workflow it is it is cause
79p7Y2nTZGo-00255-00111893-00112117 you just have to confirm here see how
79p7Y2nTZGo-00256-00112118-00112345 this was before I change it parenthesis
79p7Y2nTZGo-00257-00112346-00112543 right here is how they're read there is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00258-00112544-00112792 a closing parenthesis and then there is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00259-00112793-00112981 a closing and opening curly brace and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00260-00112982-00113407 there is another opening closing without
79p7Y2nTZGo-00261-00113408-00113701 of these people it was not easy you have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00262-00113702-00113968 to process you know yes three brothers
79p7Y2nTZGo-00263-00113969-00114307 please close one is roughly which one
79p7Y2nTZGo-00264-00114308-00114631 there okay no clue yeah yes open and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00265-00114632-00115559 close all right so then I'm going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00266-00115560-00115843 break those curly braces into multiple
79p7Y2nTZGo-00267-00115844-00116745 lines because here we'll have and in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00268-00116746-00117079 if-else statement if it was a failure
79p7Y2nTZGo-00269-00117080-00117481 let's figure out what went on else it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00270-00117482-00117825 was a success so do something about that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00271-00117826-00118117 this is all happening inside of the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00272-00118118-00118558 callback function at the moment that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00273-00118558-00118951 we're doing put if I put this right here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00274-00118952-00119085 will be handles track please
79p7Y2nTZGo-00275-00119086-00119235 what is this closing and we have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00276-00119236-00119440 extracted it'll be alright doesn't it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00277-00119441-00119590 like to code here from the possibility
79p7Y2nTZGo-00278-00119591-00119929 of failure or success so comment here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00279-00119930-00120442 this is a close you might put and in my
79p7Y2nTZGo-00280-00120443-00121069 function if knows this is also going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00281-00121070-00121709 be a few lines of code - all right and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00282-00121710-00124264 if else
79p7Y2nTZGo-00283-00124265-00124499 just to see this in action will do a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00284-00124500-00125153 little console output console log in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00285-00125154-00126033 quotes will say say old : space +
79p7Y2nTZGo-00286-00126034-00128736 failure else console log succeed in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00287-00128738-00129104 success one more thing the thing that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00288-00129105-00129503 checks what happens if something
79p7Y2nTZGo-00289-00129504-00129677 happened the either failed or succeeded
79p7Y2nTZGo-00290-00129678-00129956 we're gonna check for family if we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00291-00129957-00130183 detect the assail air output what was
79p7Y2nTZGo-00292-00130184-00130400 the failure message or else we didn't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00293-00130401-00130565 detect the thing we must have suspected
79p7Y2nTZGo-00294-00130566-00130973 a success so put the success message to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00295-00130974-00131741 the console if failure if after trying
79p7Y2nTZGo-00296-00131742-00132023 to put the comic into the database quick
79p7Y2nTZGo-00297-00132024-00132284 executive failure let us know in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00298-00132285-00132548 console or else it was a success because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00299-00132549-00132836 we only have two possibilities so put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00300-00132837-00133124 the console let's give that a try let's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00301-00133125-00133373 see if we can get it if we can if we can
79p7Y2nTZGo-00302-00133374-00133652 trigger a success result let's see if we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00303-00133653-00133910 can trigger a failure result and I'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00304-00133911-00134099 show you how to trigger a success and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00305-00134100-00134570 failure for testing let's try that now
79p7Y2nTZGo-00306-00134571-00134912 try to save data try to save those
79p7Y2nTZGo-00307-00134913-00135305 comics it will now start to try to save
79p7Y2nTZGo-00308-00135306-00137725 the data actually to the database
79p7Y2nTZGo-00309-00137726-00138095 let me confirm mine works and then we'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00310-00138096-00138386 see what's going on so I will save the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00311-00138387-00138965 real comic for the moment I don't think
79p7Y2nTZGo-00312-00138966-00140320 we did in a sense yeah it's about to be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00313-00140321-00140612 yeah it has it has the put and all of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00314-00140613-00140804 that that's the point of using a library
79p7Y2nTZGo-00315-00140805-00140954 because it has all of these
79p7Y2nTZGo-00316-00140955-00141083 possibilities we have to kind of do it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00317-00141084-00141308 manually before and I'm sure someone's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00318-00141309-00141521 created some sort of JavaScript library
79p7Y2nTZGo-00319-00141522-00141716 that is a login logout system and did
79p7Y2nTZGo-00320-00141717-00141788 the work for us
79p7Y2nTZGo-00321-00141789-00141980 you can do it the hard way builds
79p7Y2nTZGo-00322-00141981-00142646 character click Save on that I get an
79p7Y2nTZGo-00323-00142647-00143707 output here and succeeded object object
79p7Y2nTZGo-00324-00143708-00145252 to to cause a exactly to force an error
79p7Y2nTZGo-00325-00145253-00145628 I'm going to try to type the same thing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00326-00145629-00146303 and try to save again failed status or
79p7Y2nTZGo-00327-00146304-00146702 own I conflict message document update
79p7Y2nTZGo-00328-00146703-00146768 conflict
79p7Y2nTZGo-00329-00146769-00147254 I saved Spiderman 301 time already I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00330-00147255-00147521 trying to save it again pouch DB has
79p7Y2nTZGo-00331-00147522-00147743 built in you're trying to save the same
79p7Y2nTZGo-00332-00147744-00148112 thing are you trying to update it maybe
79p7Y2nTZGo-00333-00148113-00148343 I wanted to update the comment then at
79p7Y2nTZGo-00334-00148344-00148540 first appearance
79p7Y2nTZGo-00335-00148541-00148907 I'm still going to get an error because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00336-00148908-00149522 I'm trying to save again ID am a 300 we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00337-00149523-00149822 will see of course how to update the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00338-00149823-00150023 data but right now we're only in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00339-00150024-00150401 mode of let's save the data
79p7Y2nTZGo-00340-00150402-00150954 if I have you know number 301 everything
79p7Y2nTZGo-00341-00150955-00151333 else exactly the same number 301 if I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00342-00151334-00151711 try to save that it'll let me succeed if
79p7Y2nTZGo-00343-00151712-00151912 I try to save 301 again but with
79p7Y2nTZGo-00344-00151913-00152161 something else everything else could be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00345-00152162-00152451 completely different but the title and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00346-00152452-00152788 the number are the same which creates my
79p7Y2nTZGo-00347-00152789-00153283 ID which causes a failure there's other
79p7Y2nTZGo-00348-00153284-00153576 ways to cause a failure on a official
79p7Y2nTZGo-00349-00153577-00154021 number 300 from 1989 for Marvel and it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00350-00154022-00154503 has whatever well first of all it's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00351-00154504-00154681 going to detect that there's an empty
79p7Y2nTZGo-00352-00154682-00154924 field so it won't let me but that that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00353-00154925-00155056 will be something filled with the pouch
79p7Y2nTZGo-00354-00155057-00155214 as well if you try to save something
79p7Y2nTZGo-00355-00155215-00156351 without a valid ID question in saving
79p7Y2nTZGo-00356-00156352-00156907 this in the storage of the browser on
79p7Y2nTZGo-00357-00156908-00157290 the person's computer so it is saving it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00358-00157291-00157549 in a permanent place in the person's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00359-00157550-00158076 device lately everything I'll be using
79p7Y2nTZGo-00360-00158077-00158422 both comics for example say we play a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00361-00158423-00158877 little commentary yeah we can set it up
79p7Y2nTZGo-00362-00158878-00159063 that we already have a list of something
79p7Y2nTZGo-00363-00159064-00159322 of the things already saved so that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00364-00159323-00159900 it'll say that one's already there now
79p7Y2nTZGo-00365-00159901-00160377 to see where this is saving in Chrome
79p7Y2nTZGo-00366-00160378-00160822 now let's look again at the application
79p7Y2nTZGo-00367-00160823-00161178 tab so we'll see where this is being
79p7Y2nTZGo-00368-00161179-00161928 saved application inside of index TV by
79p7Y2nTZGo-00369-00161929-00162172 sequence you may have to refresh down
79p7Y2nTZGo-00370-00162173-00162554 here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00371-00162555-00162938 so look at the application tab of chrome
79p7Y2nTZGo-00372-00162939-00163428 inside indexdb storage we will see the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00373-00163429-00163665 my comics database of ouch if you're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00374-00163666-00164028 wasting the data by sequence it's newer
79p7Y2nTZGo-00375-00164029-00164618 with comic that I saved and then values
79p7Y2nTZGo-00376-00164619-00164820 objects on the right which you can open
79p7Y2nTZGo-00377-00164821-00165093 up and then see there's the comment I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00378-00165094-00165195 wrote comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00379-00165196-00165360 there's the publisher the publisher
79p7Y2nTZGo-00380-00165361-00165714 there's the year there's the ID it's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00381-00165715-00166311 with Doc ID revision AMA 300 revision
79p7Y2nTZGo-00382-00166312-00166818 number one saved another comic amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00383-00166819-00167166 spider-man number 301 you didn't write a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00384-00167167-00167492 comment to that time it's am a 301
79p7Y2nTZGo-00385-00167493-00168663 revision one big order
79p7Y2nTZGo-00386-00168664-00168978 no it's giving it to us in in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00387-00168979-00169353 sequence that I saved it if I save
79p7Y2nTZGo-00388-00169354-00169887 number 299 it will put it after the ones
79p7Y2nTZGo-00389-00169888-00170103 that exist because we're now showing the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00390-00170104-00170927 bus by sequence of insertion okay yes
79p7Y2nTZGo-00391-00170928-00171264 yes that part yes so here all new
79p7Y2nTZGo-00392-00171265-00171471 objects come in order that I added them
79p7Y2nTZGo-00393-00171472-00171785 but yes the object it's showing it to us
79p7Y2nTZGo-00394-00171786-00172491 but in shield a little comment here but
79p7Y2nTZGo-00395-00172492-00172713 the third one that I added was a lower
79p7Y2nTZGo-00396-00172714-00173759 number for that am a 299 am a 300 watch
79p7Y2nTZGo-00397-00173760-00174065 so is that is that working for people
79p7Y2nTZGo-00398-00174066-00174234 are you seeing some result anyone having
79p7Y2nTZGo-00399-00174235-00175327 any trouble so we have the put method
79p7Y2nTZGo-00400-00175328-00175646 click your failure to be a success
79p7Y2nTZGo-00401-00175647-00176385 simply output when you see the the error
79p7Y2nTZGo-00402-00176386-00176700 message again to force an error message
79p7Y2nTZGo-00403-00176701-00176954 one possibility is I'm trying to save
79p7Y2nTZGo-00404-00176955-00177171 something exactly the same I'm going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00405-00177172-00177372 try again amazing spider-man to a 99 I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00406-00177373-00177585 going to try to save the same one get an
79p7Y2nTZGo-00407-00177586-00177825 error it thinks that you're trying to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00408-00177826-00178074 update it or you're trying to replace
79p7Y2nTZGo-00409-00178075-00178461 one one already exists you get back a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00410-00178462-00179025 result in JSON format curly braces field
79p7Y2nTZGo-00411-00179026-00179654 a key colon value comma key so you could
79p7Y2nTZGo-00412-00179655-00180159 do here console.log fail failure object
79p7Y2nTZGo-00413-00180160-00180668 that's like a representation of a comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00414-00180669-00181008 we've got a JSON object created putting
79p7Y2nTZGo-00415-00181009-00181257 it into a variable an object for about
79p7Y2nTZGo-00416-00181258-00181719 an object with that says that comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00417-00181720-00182451 got names got message so for fun if you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00418-00182452-00182915 put failed failure message it will only
79p7Y2nTZGo-00419-00182916-00183338 tell you what the message field is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00420-00183339-00184146 document update conflict if I do again
79p7Y2nTZGo-00421-00184147-00184388 number 300 which I know exists if I save
79p7Y2nTZGo-00422-00184389-00185034 it document ugly conflict so this is an
79p7Y2nTZGo-00423-00185035-00185090 object
79p7Y2nTZGo-00424-00185091-00185429 failure is an object with these various
79p7Y2nTZGo-00425-00185430-00185688 fields
79p7Y2nTZGo-00426-00185689-00185911 kind of odd that it doesn't show you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00427-00185912-00186154 what the fields are for success but I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00428-00186155-00186610 know that this one has at least okay as
79p7Y2nTZGo-00429-00186611-00187276 a field of okay I save a new comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00430-00187277-00188224 number 303 succeeded true so now that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00431-00188225-00188644 objects ok field is output from a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00432-00188645-00189160 successful sales and just for testing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00433-00189161-00189561 purposes I'm going to go back to my
79p7Y2nTZGo-00434-00189562-00190069 input field where I had a required for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00435-00190070-00190294 the name of the comic I'm going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00436-00190295-00190516 remove required don't do this which let
79p7Y2nTZGo-00437-00190517-00190678 me show you this I'm going to remove
79p7Y2nTZGo-00438-00190679-00190876 required for title so now it won't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00439-00190877-00191218 complain if I try to save it without a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00440-00191219-00191461 title I want to do this because if I put
79p7Y2nTZGo-00441-00191462-00192121 number number 12 0 19 whatever publisher
79p7Y2nTZGo-00442-00192122-00192463 Disney if I fill everything else except
79p7Y2nTZGo-00443-00192464-00193516 for except for title that that's a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00444-00193517-00193699 possibility that could also happen an
79p7Y2nTZGo-00445-00193700-00194266 empty sort of title then we also remove
79p7Y2nTZGo-00446-00194267-00194650 the required for the number just for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00447-00194651-00194863 testing let's say don't put in a title I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00448-00194864-00195013 don't put in a number but I fill in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00449-00195014-00195913 other things now pouch itself is going
79p7Y2nTZGo-00450-00195914-00196267 to give a failure these two for HTML
79p7Y2nTZGo-00451-00196268-00196600 error checking things required which are
79p7Y2nTZGo-00452-00196601-00196846 really nice they they help you have the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00453-00196847-00197110 user type in something let's say we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00454-00197111-00197380 never put those required attributes now
79p7Y2nTZGo-00455-00197381-00197709 pouch is saying fail status for 12
79p7Y2nTZGo-00456-00197710-00198130 message ID is required for puts there is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00457-00198131-00198346 no ID I didn't type anything we didn't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00458-00198347-00198532 you know I didn't type anything to title
79p7Y2nTZGo-00459-00198533-00198778 or number so those are blank fields you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00460-00198779-00199135 cannot have a blank ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00461-00199136-00199312 that would be terrible because how are
79p7Y2nTZGo-00462-00199313-00199501 we going to refer to the data in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00463-00199502-00199717 database of that and ID we need an ID to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00464-00199718-00199912 refer to the data so there's a whole
79p7Y2nTZGo-00465-00199913-00200068 bunch of errors that we can look up at a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00466-00200069-00200454 pouch DB website we saw 409 I saw 412
79p7Y2nTZGo-00467-00200455-00200668 there's other ones other possible errors
79p7Y2nTZGo-00468-00200669-00201046 so that's why we've got this here if we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00469-00201047-00201304 have a success if we have a failure do
79p7Y2nTZGo-00470-00201305-00202069 something about it right here if we have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00471-00202070-00202201 a success if we have a failure do
79p7Y2nTZGo-00472-00202202-00202333 something about it we're just setting up
79p7Y2nTZGo-00473-00202334-00202570 the skeleton to to check for success or
79p7Y2nTZGo-00474-00202571-00202648 for failure
79p7Y2nTZGo-00475-00202649-00202828 we then need to further refine this to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00476-00202829-00203403 deal with success example question okay
79p7Y2nTZGo-00477-00203404-00203800 so because the required attribute is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00478-00203801-00204394 saving us that that is one possibility
79p7Y2nTZGo-00479-00204395-00204670 to in care but it could be possibilities
79p7Y2nTZGo-00480-00204671-00204942 where the required attribute of the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00481-00204944-00205210 input field is not detected maybe for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00482-00205211-00205360 some reason the part the person's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00483-00205361-00205539 version of Android maybe they're on
79p7Y2nTZGo-00484-00205540-00205810 Android 2.0 and it doesn't detect the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00485-00205811-00206241 required attribute so we should still be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00486-00206242-00206541 redundant and detect a failure that the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00487-00206542-00207031 person didn't fill in those fields so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00488-00207032-00207192 what we need to do inside of this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00489-00207194-00208009 failure lock is a switch let's create a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00490-00208010-00209057 switch block they could be a failure
79p7Y2nTZGo-00491-00209058-00210176 and that will have a status Taylor has a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00492-00210177-00210737 bunch of fields one is status we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00493-00210738-00212731 going to say switch failure that's guys
79p7Y2nTZGo-00494-00212732-00213157 so here will give us another 409 502
79p7Y2nTZGo-00495-00213158-00213208 whatever
79p7Y2nTZGo-00496-00213209-00213598 the list of possible errors so we'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00497-00213598-00214152 have cases to handle that case of 409
79p7Y2nTZGo-00498-00214153-00215048 something happens here case 412
79p7Y2nTZGo-00499-00215050-00215646 something else happens here and it's a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00500-00215648-00215823 good idea to always have a default for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00501-00215825-00216028 troubleshooting we there could be a case
79p7Y2nTZGo-00502-00216029-00216714 that we didn't expect
79p7Y2nTZGo-00503-00216715-00217237 what was that status that didn't trip
79p7Y2nTZGo-00505-00221851-00222903 all right so a 409 error ID already
79p7Y2nTZGo-00506-00222904-00224588 exists let's put this into the console
79p7Y2nTZGo-00507-00224589-00225092 yes the patch TV API screen all of this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00508-00225094-00225291 information is what is four or nine mean
79p7Y2nTZGo-00509-00225292-00225933 was four 12-minute cetera 412 is a is a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00510-00225934-00226292 possibility of an error where the ID is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00511-00226294-00227090 empty
79p7Y2nTZGo-00512-00227091-00227402 these console logs are just appearing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00513-00227403-00228354 for for us the developer it's doing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00514-00228355-00229103 alert to the user title and number
79p7Y2nTZGo-00515-00229104-00230034 cannot be empty so person is somehow
79p7Y2nTZGo-00516-00230035-00230294 trying to fill in the comic they didn't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00517-00230296-00231171 put a title they didn't put an ID that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00518-00231171-00231471 required attribute should catch that but
79p7Y2nTZGo-00519-00231471-00231879 if it doesn't we have here some
79p7Y2nTZGo-00520-00231880-00232302 redundancy we're alerting the user title
79p7Y2nTZGo-00521-00232303-00233888 and number cannot be empty
79p7Y2nTZGo-00522-00233889-00234671 for default something like unknown
79p7Y2nTZGo-00523-00234673-00234992 [Music]
79p7Y2nTZGo-00525-00238021-00238362 popup box later with jQuery Mobile we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00526-00238363-00238592 can make a nicer looking one but this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00527-00238594-00239588 will work just fine for our purposes
79p7Y2nTZGo-00528-00239589-00240506 [Music]
79p7Y2nTZGo-00529-00240507-00240867 and alert for the 4:09 type of error
79p7Y2nTZGo-00531-00245092-00245440 okay so just to kind of test that a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00532-00245441-00246219 little bit more I don't have a way to to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00533-00246221-00246517 trip for 12 unless I turn off required
79p7Y2nTZGo-00534-00246517-00246742 if you want to fully test this ring you
79p7Y2nTZGo-00535-00246742-00246964 need to go back to the form and remove
79p7Y2nTZGo-00536-00246965-00247242 both of those required attributes this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00537-00247244-00247516 is the fully test then we hit case for
79p7Y2nTZGo-00538-00247517-00248065 12 those pose required attributes in the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00539-00248066-00249313 form so if I fill in anything else title
79p7Y2nTZGo-00540-00249314-00250077 and number cannot be end
79p7Y2nTZGo-00541-00250078-00250694 that's one way to confirm chase 4:12 I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00542-00250696-00250881 going to leave those required attributes
79p7Y2nTZGo-00543-00250882-00251753 but that's how you can confirm 4:12 yes
79p7Y2nTZGo-00544-00251754-00252039 all of these come from the pouch tv.com
79p7Y2nTZGo-00545-00252040-00252333 website because this is all in operation
79p7Y2nTZGo-00546-00252334-00252771 of a pouch DB dot puts were putting
79p7Y2nTZGo-00547-00252771-00253092 something into the database we're now in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00548-00253092-00253257 the world of pouch TV so we would get
79p7Y2nTZGo-00549-00253258-00254184 those numbers out of positive EECOM 409
79p7Y2nTZGo-00550-00254185-00254463 is that the ID is the same so obviously
79p7Y2nTZGo-00551-00254464-00255017 now if I try to save the same comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00552-00255017-00255552 amazing fantasy 15 I don't even have to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00553-00255553-00255777 fill in the year and stuff but I will
79p7Y2nTZGo-00554-00255778-00256196 know that I have the real database first
79p7Y2nTZGo-00555-00256198-00256785 spider-man see so I hadn't saved that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00556-00256786-00257157 one before success is true so I try to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00557-00257158-00257498 save the same one that will pop up comic
79p7Y2nTZGo-00558-00257500-00258323 already exists so that's what our switch
79p7Y2nTZGo-00559-00258325-00258776 is doing I think some possible issues
79p7Y2nTZGo-00560-00258777-00259350 now we need the unique ID for anything
79p7Y2nTZGo-00561-00259351-00259791 we save into pouch so now let's say I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00562-00259792-00260283 going to save the amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00563-00260284-00260910 number 15 from 1964 probably no comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00564-00260911-00261384 I'm going to save a brand new Comic Con
79p7Y2nTZGo-00565-00261385-00261902 authority exists no I haven't acted yet
79p7Y2nTZGo-00566-00261903-00262206 but wait a minute
79p7Y2nTZGo-00567-00262207-00262894 object of this new comic am a 15 ID and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00568-00262895-00263083 when I save the moments ago amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00569-00263084-00263434 fantasy 15 AMA 15 these are different
79p7Y2nTZGo-00570-00263435-00263741 comics different years different same
79p7Y2nTZGo-00571-00263742-00263875 number different years and publishers
79p7Y2nTZGo-00572-00263876-00264017 whether it's a different comic one is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00573-00264018-00264239 amazing fantasy 15 this is the amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00574-00264240-00264542 spider-man but because we created an ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00575-00264543-00264853 where we strip out the world up and we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00576-00264854-00265142 take the first three letters now we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00577-00265143-00265405 going to have a conflict with anything
79p7Y2nTZGo-00578-00265406-00265471 called
79p7Y2nTZGo-00579-00265472-00265717 anything that starts with amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00580-00265718-00267405 amazing adventures number 99 24 cell the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00581-00267406-00267706 not 99 15 of course to me the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00582-00267707-00268091 adventurous 15 it already exists because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00583-00268092-00268688 it's again am a 15 am a 15 was an ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00584-00268689-00269044 originally reserved for amazing fantasy
79p7Y2nTZGo-00585-00269045-00269254 15 anything else that starts with
79p7Y2nTZGo-00586-00269255-00269509 amazing and has that same number is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00587-00269510-00269837 going to cause a conflict we could
79p7Y2nTZGo-00588-00269838-00270043 increase the length here is various ways
79p7Y2nTZGo-00589-00270044-00270191 to sick so we could increase the length
79p7Y2nTZGo-00590-00270192-00270568 of this take no for letters and five
79p7Y2nTZGo-00591-00270569-00270853 letters of the first letters but still
79p7Y2nTZGo-00592-00270854-00271067 amazing fantasy amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00593-00271068-00271378 amazing adventures amazing etc how many
79p7Y2nTZGo-00594-00271379-00271543 words do I need how many letters do I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00595-00271544-00271723 need to take before I know that it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00596-00271724-00271828 doesn't conflict with something that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00597-00271829-00272224 exists so it doesn't matter how many
79p7Y2nTZGo-00598-00272225-00272468 letters I think there's going to be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00599-00272469-00272687 possibilities that I don't I didn't
79p7Y2nTZGo-00600-00272688-00273235 think of so we're going to devise a way
79p7Y2nTZGo-00601-00273236-00273641 here so that if it detects that I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00602-00273642-00273945 trying to use the same ID that existed
79p7Y2nTZGo-00603-00273946-00274991 it will let me save a new version so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00604-00274992-00275502 under this failure condition we have the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00605-00275503-00276111 possibility that it is trying to reuse
79p7Y2nTZGo-00606-00276112-00276545 the same ID let's write some code to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00607-00276546-00277143 randomly attach another number to that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00608-00277144-00277452 ID that will then definitely create a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00609-00277453-00278441 new ID won't conflict with a previous ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00610-00278442-00278994 so inside of this case I'm going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00611-00278995-00279222 comment out that alert most likely it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00612-00279223-00279393 will not be a case that it uses
79p7Y2nTZGo-00613-00279394-00281870 duplicates
79p7Y2nTZGo-00614-00281871-00282444 here's what we need to do this ID that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00615-00282445-00282732 we're currently trying to save if we get
79p7Y2nTZGo-00616-00282733-00283146 to case 49 it is confirmed that we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00617-00283147-00283344 trying to reuse an ID that already
79p7Y2nTZGo-00618-00283345-00283632 exists I'm going to check what that IV
79p7Y2nTZGo-00619-00283633-00283851 is and just add a few random numbers to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00620-00283852-00284159 the end in that case it will definitely
79p7Y2nTZGo-00621-00284160-00284727 be a new ID and it'll work so comment
79p7Y2nTZGo-00622-00284728-00286254 our that alert VAR ID temp comic dot
79p7Y2nTZGo-00623-00286255-00287316 underscore ID so when we're trying to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00624-00287317-00287571 save the comic we put the Save button to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00625-00287572-00287880 prepare the data it's sorted in that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00626-00287881-00288422 very create a variable where we extract
79p7Y2nTZGo-00627-00288423-00288809 what that ID is saving it temporarily
79p7Y2nTZGo-00628-00288810-00289098 comma because on the next line then
79p7Y2nTZGo-00629-00289099-00289455 we're going to say ID temp
79p7Y2nTZGo-00630-00289456-00291143 random random number
79p7Y2nTZGo-00631-00291144-00292020 math.round I'm going to make up some
79p7Y2nTZGo-00632-00292021-00292259 number and we're going to generate
79p7Y2nTZGo-00633-00292260-00292419 around the number we're going to round
79p7Y2nTZGo-00634-00292420-00292641 it up or down doesn't matter I think we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00635-00292642-00292751 talked about math dots
79p7Y2nTZGo-00636-00292752-00292928 slower and math dot see love the force
79p7Y2nTZGo-00637-00292929-00293114 doesn't matter if you go up or down
79p7Y2nTZGo-00638-00293115-00293435 using a rounded number a whole number I
79p7Y2nTZGo-00639-00293436-00293763 don't need a fractional number so inside
79p7Y2nTZGo-00640-00293764-00294438 of that math dot random let's generate a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00641-00294439-00294758 random number rounded up or down is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00642-00294759-00295563 going to be a fraction so times 99 think
79p7Y2nTZGo-00643-00295564-00295793 of a random number between 1 and 99
79p7Y2nTZGo-00644-00295794-00296046 rounded up or down most likely it will
79p7Y2nTZGo-00645-00296047-00296257 go up we probably won't get number zero
79p7Y2nTZGo-00646-00296258-00296552 even with a zero that's fine so here we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00647-00296553-00296876 have 99 possible possibilities so if I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00648-00296877-00297123 trying to save amazing spider-man number
79p7Y2nTZGo-00649-00297124-00297401 one we won't conflict with amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00650-00297402-00297776 fantasy number one it's it's going to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00651-00297777-00297945 then make it we'll see in a moment it'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00652-00297946-00298276 make it amazing it will make it am a 1 5
79p7Y2nTZGo-00653-00298277-00298590 12 it will put a random number so that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00654-00298591-00298923 it doesn't conflict with am a 16 because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00655-00298924-00301542 am a 15 slot was already taken
79p7Y2nTZGo-00656-00301543-00302809 just for the ID yes updating will be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00657-00302810-00302941 different right now we're just simply
79p7Y2nTZGo-00658-00302942-00303109 trying to insert into the database later
79p7Y2nTZGo-00659-00303110-00303334 updating won't even trigger any of this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00660-00303335-00303628 because it'll be a DV dot it'll be a DV
79p7Y2nTZGo-00661-00303629-00305158 dot update if we didn't have a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00662-00305159-00305311 placeholder for require that before
79p7Y2nTZGo-00663-00305312-00305695 12:00 if they didn't type anything into
79p7Y2nTZGo-00664-00305696-00305968 the title and the number that would
79p7Y2nTZGo-00665-00305969-00306241 create an empty ID and it would trigger
79p7Y2nTZGo-00666-00306242-00306505 this error we're dealing with what it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00667-00306506-00306672 what happens if you're trying to save a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00668-00306673-00307056 comic that conflicts with the same ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00669-00307057-00307522 amazing fantasy 15 slot was is a ma 15
79p7Y2nTZGo-00670-00307523-00307723 that's already taken I'm trying to save
79p7Y2nTZGo-00671-00307724-00308008 that amazing spider-man 15 ama 15 is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00672-00308009-00309433 taken so now we'll get a ma 1577 that is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00673-00309434-00309571 true that is a different thing we'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00674-00309572-00309885 have to deal with also doing this will
79p7Y2nTZGo-00675-00309886-00310177 override that that we could save amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00676-00310178-00310480 that this is 15 twice yes I will happen
79p7Y2nTZGo-00677-00310481-00310684 so that's something to deal with we'll
79p7Y2nTZGo-00678-00310685-00311130 get to that ultimately the point of this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00679-00311131-00311431 is to once you've got this random number
79p7Y2nTZGo-00680-00311432-00312345 and we can we can say of comic dot
79p7Y2nTZGo-00681-00312346-00312940 underscore ID is equal to ID 10 + ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00682-00312941-00313721 temp random
79p7Y2nTZGo-00683-00313722-00314271 so we extracted what the IV if question
79p7Y2nTZGo-00684-00314272-00314643 is generated a random note we're going
79p7Y2nTZGo-00685-00314644-00315142 to reinsert into our Jacek data the ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00686-00315143-00315501 field the original ID which is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00687-00315502-00315806 conflicting plus the new random number
79p7Y2nTZGo-00688-00315807-00317580 now we create AMA 1598 yeah that was
79p7Y2nTZGo-00689-00317581-00317874 those kind of questions so if we try to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00690-00317875-00318132 save exactly amazing fantasy 15 again
79p7Y2nTZGo-00691-00318133-00318391 yes it will let us save two copies of it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00692-00318392-00318600 at the moment we're trying to decide
79p7Y2nTZGo-00693-00318601-00318838 which is the greater which is the bigger
79p7Y2nTZGo-00694-00318839-00319434 problem if you're trying to save amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00695-00319435-00319635 fantasy number one amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00696-00319636-00319848 number one amazing this number one
79p7Y2nTZGo-00697-00319849-00320025 amazing adventure number one I think
79p7Y2nTZGo-00698-00320026-00320140 that's a much bigger problem at the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00699-00320141-00320338 moment you know there will only be one
79p7Y2nTZGo-00700-00320339-00320757 copy of something AMA one I think that's
79p7Y2nTZGo-00701-00320758-00320901 a much bigger problem than accidentally
79p7Y2nTZGo-00702-00320902-00321267 saving amazing fantasy one twice which
79p7Y2nTZGo-00703-00321268-00321444 is something that we will deal with a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00704-00321445-00322227 little later yes he's very there will be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00705-00322228-00322530 a way yes once we once we start to say
79p7Y2nTZGo-00706-00322531-00322741 stuff in the database we have a way to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00707-00322742-00323097 check does it exist and if it's the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00708-00323098-00323271 exact same strings if it's the exact
79p7Y2nTZGo-00709-00323272-00323505 same thing then yes you are trying to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00710-00323506-00324105 save the same thing twice so we see here
79p7Y2nTZGo-00711-00324106-00324342 that when we write our own apps we have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00712-00324343-00324723 to account for all of this stuff I'm
79p7Y2nTZGo-00713-00324724-00325047 guiding us toward errors that exist and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00714-00325048-00325197 you guys are also discovering them
79p7Y2nTZGo-00715-00325198-00325392 that's good I know there's going to be
79p7Y2nTZGo-00716-00325393-00325540 some of these problems so I'm already
79p7Y2nTZGo-00717-00325541-00325716 guiding us to some answers and you're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00718-00325717-00325821 seeing that there's going to be other
79p7Y2nTZGo-00719-00325822-00326028 issues that's good we're thinking like
79p7Y2nTZGo-00720-00326029-00326164 that because we have to be in charge of
79p7Y2nTZGo-00721-00326165-00326358 it all now I download an app from the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00722-00326359-00326481 App Store and hopefully the programmer
79p7Y2nTZGo-00723-00326482-00326640 figured it all out in the app work
79p7Y2nTZGo-00724-00326641-00326890 would we do it ourselves we have to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00725-00326891-00327373 figure out all the possibilities so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00726-00327374-00327636 ultimately here we get a brand new ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00727-00327637-00328117 which then that actually DVD put this
79p7Y2nTZGo-00728-00328118-00329538 version of this comic with the new ID
79p7Y2nTZGo-00729-00329539-00329863 really put a made me happy 15 now we're
79p7Y2nTZGo-00730-00329864-00330030 trying to put amazing spider-man 15
79p7Y2nTZGo-00731-00330031-00330340 generate a new IV for baby's activity
79p7Y2nTZGo-00732-00330341-00331702 and put into these if we test this music
79p7Y2nTZGo-00733-00331703-00331873 spider-man 15 I know I have amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00735-00336540-00336990 okay it's still showing the error but it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00736-00336991-00337475 is working because we had the error
79p7Y2nTZGo-00737-00337476-00337839 before the switch so it definitely shows
79p7Y2nTZGo-00738-00337840-00338982 an error we should have these errors we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00739-00338983-00339351 don't we don't need this first fail we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00740-00339352-00340004 have these failures inside of the cases
79p7Y2nTZGo-00741-00340005-00340626 and it is working it's just it keeps
79p7Y2nTZGo-00742-00340627-00340857 saying it already exists it's working
79p7Y2nTZGo-00743-00340858-00341564 because if you look in your application
79p7Y2nTZGo-00744-00341565-00342074 by sequence refresh that down here it is
79p7Y2nTZGo-00745-00342075-00342765 saving more well in the application and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00746-00342766-00342903 then you look at the bottom you have a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00747-00342904-00343035 little refresh button down at the very
79p7Y2nTZGo-00748-00343036-00344146 bottom so I previously did have
79p7Y2nTZGo-00749-00344147-00344760 my case the sixth conic that I saved was
79p7Y2nTZGo-00750-00344761-00345217 an ad that utility am a 15 a moment ago
79p7Y2nTZGo-00751-00345218-00345451 I'm trying to say amazing spider-man and
79p7Y2nTZGo-00752-00345452-00345870 the theme is a katana me anime am a
79p7Y2nTZGo-00753-00345871-00346471 fifty twelve so the errors do pop up but
79p7Y2nTZGo-00754-00346472-00346713 it is working just because our errors
79p7Y2nTZGo-00755-00346714-00347060 were set up without this extra step
79p7Y2nTZGo-00756-00347061-00347377 which then does show the issue that came
79p7Y2nTZGo-00757-00347378-00347730 up okay I see the amazing spider-man 15
79p7Y2nTZGo-00758-00347731-00348055 again not a AMA could speed it defines
79p7Y2nTZGo-00759-00348056-00348619 it again is inside a defeat in 1822 so
79p7Y2nTZGo-00760-00348620-00348847 for the moment the greater good is that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00761-00348848-00349414 we are able to save comics with the same
79p7Y2nTZGo-00762-00349415-00349897 ID amazing fantasy 15 amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00763-00349898-00350212 15 amazing Donald Duck number 15 because
79p7Y2nTZGo-00764-00350213-00350583 all of them would have had AMA 15 we
79p7Y2nTZGo-00765-00350584-00350802 will deal with what are these duplicates
79p7Y2nTZGo-00766-00350803-00351073 little later we're going to be able to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00767-00351074-00351231 delete from the database and all of that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00768-00351232-00351427 for the moment I think the greater good
79p7Y2nTZGo-00769-00351428-00351862 is being able to save more comics that
79p7Y2nTZGo-00770-00351863-00352177 share the same idea completely unrelated
79p7Y2nTZGo-00771-00352178-00352615 comics there was an amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00772-00352616-00352852 15 in 1964 there was an amazing
79p7Y2nTZGo-00773-00352853-00353227 spider-man 15 in like 2002 and there was
79p7Y2nTZGo-00774-00353228-00353479 an amazing amazing spider-man 16 like in
79p7Y2nTZGo-00775-00353480-00353800 2016 so there's been more than one copy
79p7Y2nTZGo-00776-00353801-00353955 in the real world of amazing spider-man
79p7Y2nTZGo-00777-00353956-00354241 15 I think it's more important to do
79p7Y2nTZGo-00778-00354242-00354544 that we couldn't also incorporate the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00779-00354545-00354820 year the year could be part of what the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00780-00354821-00355308 idea is so we could create an ID of the
79p7Y2nTZGo-00781-00355309-00355744 var entitled plus the var in number plus
79p7Y2nTZGo-00782-00355745-00356113 the valve in year that's other ways to
79p7Y2nTZGo-00783-00356114-00356374 do this is no wrong answer that could
79p7Y2nTZGo-00784-00356375-00356668 save some conflict it's just different
79p7Y2nTZGo-00785-00356669-00357110 ways to do it
79p7Y2nTZGo-00786-00357111-00357528 let's take one more break to see to see
79p7Y2nTZGo-00787-00357529-00357648 if it all works and such
79p7Y2nTZGo-00788-00357649-00358392 it's 816 we'll be back at 8:26
7qY-cWixlhM-00000-00000894-00001007 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00001-00001008-00001247 last week we finished talking about the
7qY-cWixlhM-00002-00001248-00001487 main filmmaking elements
7qY-cWixlhM-00003-00001488-00001743 so starting this week we will talk about
7qY-cWixlhM-00004-00001744-00001991 some of the themes
7qY-cWixlhM-00005-00001992-00002255 commonly seen in films
7qY-cWixlhM-00006-00002256-00002567 now when we talk about themes uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00007-00002568-00002847 we're mostly talking about the story of
7qY-cWixlhM-00008-00002848-00002975 films
7qY-cWixlhM-00009-00002976-00003166 but we can also think about how the
7qY-cWixlhM-00010-00003167-00003406 filmmaking elements help to develop
7qY-cWixlhM-00011-00003407-00003615 those themes
7qY-cWixlhM-00012-00003615-00003727 how the
7qY-cWixlhM-00013-00003728-00003983 experience of watching a movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00014-00003984-00004238 is different from the experience of
7qY-cWixlhM-00015-00004239-00004463 reading a book or hearing someone tell
7qY-cWixlhM-00016-00004464-00004695 you a story
7qY-cWixlhM-00017-00004696-00005038 this week's theme is technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00018-00005039-00005311 we've been talking a lot about how
7qY-cWixlhM-00019-00005312-00005511 technology is
7qY-cWixlhM-00020-00005512-00005767 part of filmmaking and how
7qY-cWixlhM-00021-00005768-00006167 the advance of technology has advanced
7qY-cWixlhM-00022-00006168-00006334 possible filmmaking techniques
7qY-cWixlhM-00023-00006335-00006470 especially
7qY-cWixlhM-00024-00006472-00006678 last week when we talked about special
7qY-cWixlhM-00025-00006679-00006823 effects
7qY-cWixlhM-00026-00006823-00007014 but today i want to
7qY-cWixlhM-00027-00007015-00007391 think about technology within the story
7qY-cWixlhM-00028-00007392-00007655 of the film or within the world
7qY-cWixlhM-00029-00007656-00007967 of the film
7qY-cWixlhM-00030-00007968-00008174 and if you really think about it when we
7qY-cWixlhM-00031-00008175-00008478 talk about the story world of a film
7qY-cWixlhM-00032-00008479-00008807 most of the time it's the same world as
7qY-cWixlhM-00033-00008808-00009023 we live in today
7qY-cWixlhM-00034-00009024-00009231 the difference between
7qY-cWixlhM-00035-00009232-00009487 the world in a story and the world as we
7qY-cWixlhM-00036-00009488-00009583 live it
7qY-cWixlhM-00037-00009584-00009710 is that
7qY-cWixlhM-00038-00009711-00010110 you know that the world of a story is
7qY-cWixlhM-00039-00010111-00010455 created and designed for some kind of
7qY-cWixlhM-00040-00010456-00010631 purpose
7qY-cWixlhM-00041-00010632-00010959 a filmmaker or a storyteller always has
7qY-cWixlhM-00042-00010960-00011183 something that they want to tell their
7qY-cWixlhM-00043-00011184-00011327 audience
7qY-cWixlhM-00044-00011328-00011606 and how they create that world helps
7qY-cWixlhM-00045-00011607-00011863 them to tell that story
7qY-cWixlhM-00046-00011864-00012183 so it's not as unlimited a world as we
7qY-cWixlhM-00047-00012184-00012414 live in it's a more limited
7qY-cWixlhM-00048-00012415-00012542 designed
7qY-cWixlhM-00049-00012543-00012886 intentional world
7qY-cWixlhM-00050-00012887-00013063 and yet whether it's in the real world
7qY-cWixlhM-00051-00013063-00013279 or in a story world when we talk about
7qY-cWixlhM-00052-00013280-00013571 technology we're usually talking about
7qY-cWixlhM-00053-00013572-00013863 technological change
7qY-cWixlhM-00054-00013863-00014094 so it doesn't really matter the specific
7qY-cWixlhM-00055-00014095-00014279 technology that
7qY-cWixlhM-00056-00014280-00014647 a character uses what matters is how
7qY-cWixlhM-00057-00014647-00014879 technology changes
7qY-cWixlhM-00058-00014880-00015063 over time
7qY-cWixlhM-00059-00015063-00015366 and how those changes
7qY-cWixlhM-00060-00015368-00015799 change human experience
7qY-cWixlhM-00061-00015800-00015983 we can think about technological change
7qY-cWixlhM-00062-00015984-00016247 the effects of technological change from
7qY-cWixlhM-00063-00016247-00016463 three perspectives
7qY-cWixlhM-00064-00016464-00016607 time
7qY-cWixlhM-00065-00016608-00016783 space
7qY-cWixlhM-00066-00016784-00017191 and knowledge
7qY-cWixlhM-00067-00017192-00017455 the most impactful technological changes
7qY-cWixlhM-00068-00017456-00017647 have to do with
7qY-cWixlhM-00069-00017648-00017740 transportation
7qY-cWixlhM-00070-00017741-00017871 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00071-00017872-00018014 moving from
7qY-cWixlhM-00072-00018015-00018167 walking on foot
7qY-cWixlhM-00073-00018168-00018575 to riding horses to driving cars
7qY-cWixlhM-00074-00018576-00018686 boats
7qY-cWixlhM-00075-00018687-00018894 planes
7qY-cWixlhM-00076-00018895-00019086 railroads
7qY-cWixlhM-00077-00019087-00019335 with each development in transportation
7qY-cWixlhM-00078-00019336-00019550 technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00079-00019551-00019903 people have to spend less and less time
7qY-cWixlhM-00080-00019904-00020003 on traveling
7qY-cWixlhM-00081-00020004-00020158 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00082-00020159-00020463 and therefore they can spend more time
7qY-cWixlhM-00083-00020464-00020647 on other things
7qY-cWixlhM-00084-00020648-00020886 these other things are usually what are
7qY-cWixlhM-00085-00020887-00021158 important for a story
7qY-cWixlhM-00086-00021159-00021407 so for example if you watch a historical
7qY-cWixlhM-00087-00021408-00021527 drama
7qY-cWixlhM-00088-00021528-00021847 uh often a lot of time in the story will
7qY-cWixlhM-00089-00021848-00022039 be spent on traveling
7qY-cWixlhM-00090-00022040-00022311 or maybe the the film will skip over the
7qY-cWixlhM-00091-00022312-00022519 traveling part but it will tell you it
7qY-cWixlhM-00092-00022520-00022743 took this character six months to get
7qY-cWixlhM-00093-00022744-00023063 from a to b
7qY-cWixlhM-00094-00023064-00023311 but if you need to spend less
7qY-cWixlhM-00095-00023312-00023399 time
7qY-cWixlhM-00096-00023400-00023575 traveling
7qY-cWixlhM-00097-00023576-00023750 you can spend more time doing other
7qY-cWixlhM-00098-00023751-00023886 things
7qY-cWixlhM-00099-00023887-00024135 now the flip side of this
7qY-cWixlhM-00100-00024136-00024303 is that
7qY-cWixlhM-00101-00024304-00024567 because technology advances not for one
7qY-cWixlhM-00102-00024568-00024863 person only but for groups of people
7qY-cWixlhM-00103-00024864-00025278 or even societies of people at a time
7qY-cWixlhM-00104-00025279-00025486 when one person can save time on
7qY-cWixlhM-00105-00025487-00025639 transportation
7qY-cWixlhM-00106-00025639-00025806 that means a whole group or whole
7qY-cWixlhM-00107-00025807-00026031 society of people can save time on
7qY-cWixlhM-00108-00026032-00026183 transportation
7qY-cWixlhM-00109-00026183-00026495 so relatively speaking the free time or
7qY-cWixlhM-00110-00026495-00026646 extra time
7qY-cWixlhM-00111-00026647-00026862 that each person gets
7qY-cWixlhM-00112-00026863-00027102 is not more than
7qY-cWixlhM-00113-00027104-00027302 the that of the other people in their
7qY-cWixlhM-00114-00027304-00027470 community
7qY-cWixlhM-00115-00027472-00027631 in other words
7qY-cWixlhM-00116-00027632-00027902 when technology advances and we have
7qY-cWixlhM-00117-00027904-00028079 more time on our hands
7qY-cWixlhM-00118-00028080-00028270 we also tend to have
7qY-cWixlhM-00119-00028272-00028467 more things that we have to do
7qY-cWixlhM-00120-00028468-00028718 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00121-00028719-00029118 you may have heard people arguing that
7qY-cWixlhM-00122-00029119-00029343 we need to work less or like we need to
7qY-cWixlhM-00123-00029344-00029535 spend less time working so that we can
7qY-cWixlhM-00124-00029536-00029870 have more free time to do other things
7qY-cWixlhM-00125-00029872-00030127 but usually what these people don't say
7qY-cWixlhM-00126-00030127-00030255 is that
7qY-cWixlhM-00127-00030256-00030574 we used to work a lot more
7qY-cWixlhM-00128-00030575-00030831 when the industrial revolution first
7qY-cWixlhM-00129-00030832-00031102 happened people worked six days a week
7qY-cWixlhM-00130-00031103-00031518 often for 12 or 15 hours a day
7qY-cWixlhM-00131-00031519-00031735 and yet even today when the standard
7qY-cWixlhM-00132-00031736-00031935 work day is eight hours and for five
7qY-cWixlhM-00133-00031936-00032102 days a week
7qY-cWixlhM-00134-00032103-00032287 we still feel like
7qY-cWixlhM-00135-00032288-00032558 there's so much to do and
7qY-cWixlhM-00136-00032560-00032855 there's often not enough time to do it
7qY-cWixlhM-00137-00032856-00033159 and this is because even though we have
7qY-cWixlhM-00138-00033160-00033367 begun working less
7qY-cWixlhM-00139-00033368-00033615 everybody works less together
7qY-cWixlhM-00140-00033616-00033967 so everybody expects there for
7qY-cWixlhM-00141-00033968-00034207 to have more time
7qY-cWixlhM-00142-00034208-00034446 including your bosses and your teachers
7qY-cWixlhM-00143-00034447-00034702 also expect you to have a weekend or
7qY-cWixlhM-00144-00034703-00035015 like evenings after class
7qY-cWixlhM-00145-00035016-00035255 and so the things that
7qY-cWixlhM-00146-00035256-00035567 your bosses and teachers ask you to do
7qY-cWixlhM-00147-00035568-00035783 have also increased along with your free
7qY-cWixlhM-00148-00035784-00036143 time
7qY-cWixlhM-00149-00036144-00036462 so what we see in films therefore is
7qY-cWixlhM-00150-00036463-00036759 that the more modern the film is or the
7qY-cWixlhM-00151-00036760-00037030 more modern the setting of the film
7qY-cWixlhM-00152-00037031-00037246 the more things that the characters have
7qY-cWixlhM-00153-00037247-00037359 to do
7qY-cWixlhM-00154-00037360-00037662 if you watch a historical drama
7qY-cWixlhM-00155-00037663-00037887 usually the plot will advance very
7qY-cWixlhM-00156-00037888-00038199 slowly in terms of the time of the world
7qY-cWixlhM-00157-00038200-00038399 because back then most of your time was
7qY-cWixlhM-00158-00038400-00038702 spent either traveling or on housework
7qY-cWixlhM-00159-00038703-00038999 or on cooking and cleaning or on farming
7qY-cWixlhM-00160-00039000-00039215 and only after you have finished all of
7qY-cWixlhM-00161-00039216-00039487 that when you have leftover time
7qY-cWixlhM-00162-00039488-00039687 can something special happen and that
7qY-cWixlhM-00163-00039688-00039951 something special will usually be the
7qY-cWixlhM-00164-00039952-00040159 story of the film
7qY-cWixlhM-00165-00040160-00040423 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00166-00040424-00040711 a film set long ago may take place over
7qY-cWixlhM-00167-00040712-00041023 months over years even over decades
7qY-cWixlhM-00168-00041024-00041279 but it will still feel like it's a
7qY-cWixlhM-00169-00041280-00041518 standard amount of story
7qY-cWixlhM-00170-00041519-00041711 whereas if you watch a contemporary
7qY-cWixlhM-00171-00041712-00041918 story some of the most
7qY-cWixlhM-00172-00041919-00042083 exciting
7qY-cWixlhM-00173-00042084-00042374 action-packed stories take place over
7qY-cWixlhM-00174-00042375-00042711 two days three days there's even movies
7qY-cWixlhM-00175-00042712-00042909 that take place over an hour
7qY-cWixlhM-00176-00042910-00043039 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00177-00043040-00043246 and the entire hour is filled with
7qY-cWixlhM-00178-00043247-00043518 things happening and going on
7qY-cWixlhM-00179-00043519-00043758 and that is mostly because of the change
7qY-cWixlhM-00180-00043759-00043967 of technology and the effects of those
7qY-cWixlhM-00181-00043968-00044079 changes
7qY-cWixlhM-00182-00044080-00044239 on time
7qY-cWixlhM-00183-00044240-00044743 how we experience and use time
7qY-cWixlhM-00184-00044744-00044974 the second aspect is space time and
7qY-cWixlhM-00185-00044975-00045215 space are of course connected
7qY-cWixlhM-00186-00045216-00045335 if you have
7qY-cWixlhM-00187-00045336-00045439 more time
7qY-cWixlhM-00188-00045440-00045815 if you can save time on traveling
7qY-cWixlhM-00189-00045816-00046007 that means that in the same amount of
7qY-cWixlhM-00190-00046008-00046327 time you can go further
7qY-cWixlhM-00191-00046328-00046599 so again whereas uh in the past if you
7qY-cWixlhM-00192-00046600-00046855 wanted uh some some uh stories set in
7qY-cWixlhM-00193-00046856-00047190 the past are entirely about crossing an
7qY-cWixlhM-00194-00047191-00047399 ocean that's the story
7qY-cWixlhM-00195-00047400-00047543 where are they going
7qY-cWixlhM-00196-00047544-00047646 how
7qY-cWixlhM-00197-00047647-00047846 much effort does it take and do they
7qY-cWixlhM-00198-00047847-00047983 make it
7qY-cWixlhM-00199-00047984-00048127 whereas today
7qY-cWixlhM-00200-00048128-00048367 uh a simple shot of an airplane is
7qY-cWixlhM-00201-00048368-00048527 enough to tell the audience oh we're
7qY-cWixlhM-00202-00048528-00048807 going somewhere far away
7qY-cWixlhM-00203-00048808-00049127 so this means that a story set closer to
7qY-cWixlhM-00204-00049128-00049239 the modern day
7qY-cWixlhM-00205-00049240-00049527 can cover more ground doesn't have to
7qY-cWixlhM-00206-00049528-00049727 take place in the same town it doesn't
7qY-cWixlhM-00207-00049728-00049958 have to take place in the same country
7qY-cWixlhM-00208-00049959-00050199 and that's why we have movies especially
7qY-cWixlhM-00209-00050200-00050495 action movies right where one scene a
7qY-cWixlhM-00210-00050496-00050686 character says oh the bad guys are going
7qY-cWixlhM-00211-00050687-00050871 to asia and then the next scene we're in
7qY-cWixlhM-00212-00050872-00051071 asia we're like oh the bad guys are
7qY-cWixlhM-00213-00051072-00051230 going to the south pole and then the
7qY-cWixlhM-00214-00051232-00051407 next scene they're going to the south
7qY-cWixlhM-00215-00051408-00051502 pole
7qY-cWixlhM-00216-00051503-00051758 and that's because we have accepted
7qY-cWixlhM-00217-00051759-00052063 that technology has advanced enough
7qY-cWixlhM-00218-00052064-00052375 for people who have enough money
7qY-cWixlhM-00219-00052376-00052582 to travel wherever they want around the
7qY-cWixlhM-00220-00052583-00052759 world
7qY-cWixlhM-00221-00052760-00052863 there's even
7qY-cWixlhM-00222-00052864-00053047 there's even a rumor
7qY-cWixlhM-00223-00053048-00053342 that tom cruise is next going to make a
7qY-cWixlhM-00224-00053344-00053454 movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00225-00053455-00053807 that's not just set in space but that
7qY-cWixlhM-00226-00053808-00054030 he's actually going to go to space to
7qY-cWixlhM-00227-00054032-00054326 make the movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00228-00054327-00054535 not sure if that's true
7qY-cWixlhM-00229-00054536-00054775 but because of how technology has
7qY-cWixlhM-00230-00054776-00055047 advanced so far it doesn't sound
7qY-cWixlhM-00231-00055048-00055199 impossible
7qY-cWixlhM-00232-00055200-00055535 it sounds crazy but it like doable it
7qY-cWixlhM-00233-00055536-00055935 could be true
7qY-cWixlhM-00234-00055936-00056247 so if you have stories that span
7qY-cWixlhM-00235-00056248-00056519 broad amounts of space where characters
7qY-cWixlhM-00236-00056520-00056775 travel through many places
7qY-cWixlhM-00237-00056776-00057094 one effect is you start to feel the
7qY-cWixlhM-00238-00057095-00057350 impact of each place
7qY-cWixlhM-00239-00057351-00057447 less
7qY-cWixlhM-00240-00057448-00057566 each place
7qY-cWixlhM-00241-00057567-00057775 feels less important it's just another
7qY-cWixlhM-00242-00057776-00057911 place
7qY-cWixlhM-00243-00057912-00058111 if you watch old movies that are set
7qY-cWixlhM-00244-00058112-00058215 like
7qY-cWixlhM-00245-00058216-00058359 in one town
7qY-cWixlhM-00246-00058360-00058582 you start to get a feeling for this town
7qY-cWixlhM-00247-00058583-00058854 you know where the locations are related
7qY-cWixlhM-00248-00058855-00059038 to each other you know what each
7qY-cWixlhM-00249-00059039-00059294 location feels like you get to know the
7qY-cWixlhM-00250-00059295-00059511 shop owners you get to know the doctor
7qY-cWixlhM-00251-00059512-00059679 the lawyer
7qY-cWixlhM-00252-00059679-00059950 but if your story covers
7qY-cWixlhM-00253-00059951-00060247 large amounts of space
7qY-cWixlhM-00254-00060248-00060526 then as a filmmaker you you simply need
7qY-cWixlhM-00255-00060527-00060806 to point out oh this is new york or oh
7qY-cWixlhM-00256-00060807-00060975 this is paris
7qY-cWixlhM-00257-00060976-00061159 and there's really not much more that
7qY-cWixlhM-00258-00061160-00061391 you can do because you're not spending
7qY-cWixlhM-00259-00061391-00061638 your whole film here this is just one
7qY-cWixlhM-00260-00061639-00061775 stop
7qY-cWixlhM-00261-00061776-00062063 and so instead of creating
7qY-cWixlhM-00262-00062064-00062391 a space in the film
7qY-cWixlhM-00263-00062391-00062671 these modern globetrotting movies
7qY-cWixlhM-00264-00062672-00063047 refer to a space or refer to a place
7qY-cWixlhM-00265-00063048-00063463 and depend on the audience to fill in
7qY-cWixlhM-00266-00063464-00063663 knowledge about that place or fill in
7qY-cWixlhM-00267-00063664-00063894 emotions about that place
7qY-cWixlhM-00268-00063895-00064038 for example
7qY-cWixlhM-00269-00064039-00064135 uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00270-00064136-00064447 new york is the big apple the city that
7qY-cWixlhM-00271-00064448-00064719 never sleeps the capital of the world
7qY-cWixlhM-00272-00064720-00064959 paris is the city of
7qY-cWixlhM-00273-00064960-00065254 love romance
7qY-cWixlhM-00274-00065255-00065415 rome
7qY-cWixlhM-00275-00065416-00065687 okay maybe not rome milan is the city of
7qY-cWixlhM-00276-00065688-00065806 fashion
7qY-cWixlhM-00277-00065807-00066079 right so you don't have to create those
7qY-cWixlhM-00278-00066080-00066350 worlds in the film you simply point out
7qY-cWixlhM-00279-00066351-00066559 this is where we are and the audience
7qY-cWixlhM-00280-00066560-00066950 will supply that information
7qY-cWixlhM-00281-00066951-00067287 uh because the film is usually still
7qY-cWixlhM-00282-00067288-00067503 under two hours you can't really spend
7qY-cWixlhM-00283-00067504-00067855 so much time on so many different places
7qY-cWixlhM-00284-00067856-00068191 this also means that there has been a
7qY-cWixlhM-00285-00068192-00068415 gradual decline
7qY-cWixlhM-00286-00068416-00068550 in
7qY-cWixlhM-00287-00068551-00068838 a traditional form of story which is the
7qY-cWixlhM-00288-00068839-00069038 story of movement
7qY-cWixlhM-00289-00069039-00069238 going from one place to another place
7qY-cWixlhM-00290-00069239-00069494 for example moving house
7qY-cWixlhM-00291-00069495-00069685 or going on a journey
7qY-cWixlhM-00292-00069686-00069799 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00293-00069800-00070006 if your story takes place in the modern
7qY-cWixlhM-00294-00070007-00070182 day
7qY-cWixlhM-00295-00070183-00070431 filmmakers now have to add
7qY-cWixlhM-00296-00070432-00070759 obstacles or add reasons why this could
7qY-cWixlhM-00297-00070760-00070982 be difficult
7qY-cWixlhM-00298-00070983-00071150 with modern technology if you need to
7qY-cWixlhM-00299-00071151-00071382 move house you simply call someone
7qY-cWixlhM-00300-00071383-00071638 travel over find a new place
7qY-cWixlhM-00301-00071639-00071975 hire some movers and then move house
7qY-cWixlhM-00302-00071976-00072247 so if you want to make a story out of it
7qY-cWixlhM-00303-00072248-00072455 first you have to like create some kind
7qY-cWixlhM-00304-00072456-00072655 of intimate connection
7qY-cWixlhM-00305-00072656-00072815 between the characters and their
7qY-cWixlhM-00306-00072816-00073111 original place therefore when they leave
7qY-cWixlhM-00307-00073112-00073303 that place there will be some emotional
7qY-cWixlhM-00308-00073304-00073438 conflict
7qY-cWixlhM-00309-00073439-00073655 or you might want to portray the new
7qY-cWixlhM-00310-00073656-00073919 place as strange and unwelcoming and
7qY-cWixlhM-00311-00073920-00074038 hostile
7qY-cWixlhM-00312-00074039-00074238 so that when they go to the new place
7qY-cWixlhM-00313-00074239-00074471 there will be some problems there
7qY-cWixlhM-00314-00074472-00074662 but simply telling the story of moving
7qY-cWixlhM-00315-00074663-00074879 house is no longer
7qY-cWixlhM-00316-00074880-00075159 a common story
7qY-cWixlhM-00317-00075160-00075431 whereas in the past since technology was
7qY-cWixlhM-00318-00075432-00075631 not yet so advanced movement was more
7qY-cWixlhM-00319-00075632-00075815 difficult
7qY-cWixlhM-00320-00075816-00076055 for example a story set in
7qY-cWixlhM-00321-00076056-00076423 the united states if someone moved from
7qY-cWixlhM-00322-00076424-00076575 the east coast
7qY-cWixlhM-00323-00076576-00076879 to the west coast that itself could be a
7qY-cWixlhM-00324-00076880-00077103 story and usually that story is a
7qY-cWixlhM-00325-00077104-00077511 western
7qY-cWixlhM-00326-00077512-00077743 so that's another way that technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00327-00077744-00078031 has affected the world of the film in
7qY-cWixlhM-00328-00078032-00078150 how it
7qY-cWixlhM-00329-00078151-00078438 allows us to have more locations and
7qY-cWixlhM-00330-00078439-00078838 broader space but has
7qY-cWixlhM-00331-00078839-00079055 dampened our emotional attachment to
7qY-cWixlhM-00332-00079056-00079471 each of those spaces
7qY-cWixlhM-00333-00079472-00079703 the third aspect of technological
7qY-cWixlhM-00334-00079704-00079871 advance i want to talk about is
7qY-cWixlhM-00335-00079872-00080238 knowledge
7qY-cWixlhM-00336-00080239-00080391 i'm going to say something that might
7qY-cWixlhM-00337-00080392-00080655 surprise you
7qY-cWixlhM-00338-00080656-00080894 advancing technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00339-00080895-00081182 has reduced our knowledge
7qY-cWixlhM-00340-00081183-00081399 we now have less knowledge than we used
7qY-cWixlhM-00341-00081400-00081575 to
7qY-cWixlhM-00342-00081576-00081746 we have more information
7qY-cWixlhM-00343-00081747-00081879 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00344-00081880-00082143 but we remember less of it
7qY-cWixlhM-00345-00082144-00082359 less of it is within our minds whenever
7qY-cWixlhM-00346-00082360-00082687 we need it
7qY-cWixlhM-00347-00082688-00082950 because now it's all online if you can't
7qY-cWixlhM-00348-00082951-00083206 remember something google if you need to
7qY-cWixlhM-00349-00083207-00083455 know something immediately google if you
7qY-cWixlhM-00350-00083456-00083638 need to contact someone and ask them for
7qY-cWixlhM-00351-00083639-00083950 information line it's immediate
7qY-cWixlhM-00352-00083951-00084231 therefore we need to remember less
7qY-cWixlhM-00353-00084232-00084494 information and therefore we have
7qY-cWixlhM-00354-00084495-00084582 less
7qY-cWixlhM-00355-00084583-00084887 knowledge
7qY-cWixlhM-00356-00084888-00084999 uh in
7qY-cWixlhM-00357-00085000-00085159 a film
7qY-cWixlhM-00358-00085160-00085399 the we this is one of the most uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00359-00085400-00085815 obvious effects of technological advance
7qY-cWixlhM-00360-00085816-00085943 because
7qY-cWixlhM-00361-00085944-00086206 knowledge and information are
7qY-cWixlhM-00362-00086207-00086543 one of the key points of a story
7qY-cWixlhM-00363-00086544-00086750 does a character know what they need to
7qY-cWixlhM-00364-00086751-00086831 know
7qY-cWixlhM-00365-00086832-00087118 if they don't how do they find out once
7qY-cWixlhM-00366-00087119-00087350 they find out how does it change them
7qY-cWixlhM-00367-00087351-00087671 how does it change the story
7qY-cWixlhM-00368-00087672-00087967 when information is so easy to
7qY-cWixlhM-00369-00087968-00088126 access
7qY-cWixlhM-00370-00088127-00088303 uh the traditional
7qY-cWixlhM-00371-00088304-00088606 stories for example like four kids in
7qY-cWixlhM-00372-00088607-00088775 the suburbs discover something they
7qY-cWixlhM-00373-00088776-00088959 don't know about and they don't want to
7qY-cWixlhM-00374-00088960-00089175 tell their parents so they use all sorts
7qY-cWixlhM-00375-00089176-00089423 of wacky ways to figure out what this is
7qY-cWixlhM-00376-00089424-00089655 no longer works because now kids all
7qY-cWixlhM-00377-00089656-00089855 have cell phones or they all know
7qY-cWixlhM-00378-00089856-00090062 somebody with a cell phone or they have
7qY-cWixlhM-00379-00090063-00090382 access to a computer with the internet
7qY-cWixlhM-00380-00090383-00090623 so the information plot is no longer
7qY-cWixlhM-00381-00090624-00090894 very prevalent today
7qY-cWixlhM-00382-00090895-00091111 or think about how a
7qY-cWixlhM-00383-00091112-00091391 film delivers information to the
7qY-cWixlhM-00384-00091392-00091582 audience we've talked about how
7qY-cWixlhM-00385-00091583-00091679 sometimes
7qY-cWixlhM-00386-00091680-00091806 information
7qY-cWixlhM-00387-00091807-00092175 is given to the audience
7qY-cWixlhM-00388-00092176-00092518 or information is presented in the film
7qY-cWixlhM-00389-00092519-00092694 not because the characters need to tell
7qY-cWixlhM-00390-00092695-00092831 each other the characters all know
7qY-cWixlhM-00391-00092832-00093062 what's going on it's presented in the
7qY-cWixlhM-00392-00093063-00093287 film so that the audience knows what's
7qY-cWixlhM-00393-00093288-00093631 going on this is called exposition
7qY-cWixlhM-00394-00093632-00093894 so in the past it's more likely to have
7qY-cWixlhM-00395-00093895-00094135 two characters have a conversation where
7qY-cWixlhM-00396-00094136-00094382 one person is actually informing the
7qY-cWixlhM-00397-00094383-00094606 other person of what's going on because
7qY-cWixlhM-00398-00094607-00094767 people didn't know
7qY-cWixlhM-00399-00094768-00095047 everything all at once
7qY-cWixlhM-00400-00095048-00095343 later as a communication technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00401-00095344-00095479 advanced
7qY-cWixlhM-00402-00095480-00095718 information traveled faster
7qY-cWixlhM-00403-00095719-00095935 and then there it was invented something
7qY-cWixlhM-00404-00095936-00096231 called the answering machine taloji
7qY-cWixlhM-00405-00096232-00096535 or leo
7qY-cWixlhM-00406-00096536-00096806 this was especially good for filmmaking
7qY-cWixlhM-00407-00096807-00097055 because what is an answering machine
7qY-cWixlhM-00408-00097056-00097271 an answering machine is a machine
7qY-cWixlhM-00409-00097272-00097415 that records
7qY-cWixlhM-00410-00097416-00097679 phone calls that you miss
7qY-cWixlhM-00411-00097680-00097887 why would someone call you
7qY-cWixlhM-00412-00097888-00098071 because they either want to tell you
7qY-cWixlhM-00413-00098072-00098271 something or they want to ask you for
7qY-cWixlhM-00414-00098272-00098431 something
7qY-cWixlhM-00415-00098432-00098511 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00416-00098512-00098735 especially in the 90s 80s and 90s when a
7qY-cWixlhM-00417-00098736-00098974 character walks into their living room
7qY-cWixlhM-00418-00098975-00099255 and plays the answering machine
7qY-cWixlhM-00419-00099256-00099455 everything they hear
7qY-cWixlhM-00420-00099456-00099655 is new information for the character but
7qY-cWixlhM-00421-00099656-00099879 it's also important information for the
7qY-cWixlhM-00422-00099880-00099999 audience
7qY-cWixlhM-00423-00100000-00100167 these are the people
7qY-cWixlhM-00424-00100168-00100391 in the character's life these are the
7qY-cWixlhM-00425-00100392-00100647 people who want to help the character or
7qY-cWixlhM-00426-00100648-00100918 want to hurt the character there's some
7qY-cWixlhM-00427-00100919-00101182 kind of relationship there
7qY-cWixlhM-00428-00101183-00101391 and so when the answering machine was
7qY-cWixlhM-00429-00101392-00101671 popular all you needed was five minutes
7qY-cWixlhM-00430-00101672-00101862 and the audience would know exactly who
7qY-cWixlhM-00431-00101863-00102231 this person is and exactly what their
7qY-cWixlhM-00432-00102232-00102623 should be expecting in this movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00433-00102624-00102751 but today
7qY-cWixlhM-00434-00102752-00103015 uh contemporary culture is
7qY-cWixlhM-00435-00103016-00103271 actually a textual culture
7qY-cWixlhM-00436-00103272-00103375 most of us
7qY-cWixlhM-00437-00103376-00103494 make
7qY-cWixlhM-00438-00103495-00103815 most of us send more texts and emails
7qY-cWixlhM-00439-00103816-00104071 than we take phone calls
7qY-cWixlhM-00440-00104072-00104318 or like we scroll social media which is
7qY-cWixlhM-00441-00104319-00104647 all written mostly
7qY-cWixlhM-00442-00104648-00104902 so the problem then becomes how do you
7qY-cWixlhM-00443-00104903-00105158 present written communication
7qY-cWixlhM-00444-00105159-00105302 in a movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00445-00105303-00105390 which is
7qY-cWixlhM-00446-00105391-00105534 a visual
7qY-cWixlhM-00447-00105535-00105758 medium
7qY-cWixlhM-00448-00105759-00105990 or like it's a medium where where things
7qY-cWixlhM-00449-00105991-00106334 are performed and presented to you
7qY-cWixlhM-00450-00106335-00106495 and there have been a number of attempts
7qY-cWixlhM-00451-00106496-00106790 to get this right for example
7qY-cWixlhM-00452-00106791-00106951 sherlock the
7qY-cWixlhM-00453-00106952-00107271 tv show starring benedict cumberbatch
7qY-cWixlhM-00454-00107272-00107534 is famous for putting his text messages
7qY-cWixlhM-00455-00107535-00107761 and phone information on the screen
7qY-cWixlhM-00456-00107763-00107958 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00457-00107959-00108223 and that worked for a while
7qY-cWixlhM-00458-00108224-00108375 uh but
7qY-cWixlhM-00459-00108376-00108623 turns out audiences don't really like to
7qY-cWixlhM-00460-00108624-00108854 read their read a character's phone
7qY-cWixlhM-00461-00108855-00109102 during a movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00462-00109103-00109327 uh so other attempts have been tried
7qY-cWixlhM-00463-00109328-00109678 such as like having a narrator read the
7qY-cWixlhM-00464-00109679-00109943 information to the audience
7qY-cWixlhM-00465-00109944-00110358 but that doesn't feel very real
7qY-cWixlhM-00466-00110359-00110558 there have also been movies that have
7qY-cWixlhM-00467-00110559-00110943 been set entirely on digital screens for
7qY-cWixlhM-00468-00110944-00111215 example the movie searching
7qY-cWixlhM-00469-00111216-00111415 is about a father whose daughter is
7qY-cWixlhM-00470-00111416-00111527 kidnapped
7qY-cWixlhM-00471-00111528-00111847 and the entire story is told through
7qY-cWixlhM-00472-00111848-00112031 digital screens whether it's computer
7qY-cWixlhM-00473-00112032-00112566 screens or phone screens or tv screens
7qY-cWixlhM-00474-00112567-00112847 and the only way that we see the actor
7qY-cWixlhM-00475-00112848-00113078 is through a webcam
7qY-cWixlhM-00476-00113079-00113454 when they also appear on the screen
7qY-cWixlhM-00477-00113455-00113678 but that has its own problems right when
7qY-cWixlhM-00478-00113679-00113895 we're using a digital screen a lot of
7qY-cWixlhM-00479-00113896-00114223 the time is wasted time we're scrolling
7qY-cWixlhM-00480-00114224-00114407 we're clicking and waiting
7qY-cWixlhM-00481-00114408-00114686 um another problem is we're not always
7qY-cWixlhM-00482-00114688-00114919 paying attention to the entire screen at
7qY-cWixlhM-00483-00114920-00115063 the same time
7qY-cWixlhM-00484-00115064-00115166 and yet
7qY-cWixlhM-00485-00115167-00115358 that would mean that the camera also has
7qY-cWixlhM-00486-00115359-00115546 to follow where we are following
7qY-cWixlhM-00487-00115547-00115758 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00488-00115759-00115927 there's also another problem with that
7qY-cWixlhM-00489-00115928-00116231 particular movie which is uh one part of
7qY-cWixlhM-00490-00116232-00116510 the story the father tries to find out
7qY-cWixlhM-00491-00116511-00116678 what's been going on in his daughter's
7qY-cWixlhM-00492-00116679-00117031 life so he logs into her email account
7qY-cWixlhM-00493-00117032-00117286 but he doesn't know her password and he
7qY-cWixlhM-00494-00117288-00117478 is not the backup
7qY-cWixlhM-00495-00117479-00117671 account for that account so like how
7qY-cWixlhM-00496-00117672-00117895 does he get into her email
7qY-cWixlhM-00497-00117896-00118158 the film skips over that detail
7qY-cWixlhM-00498-00118159-00118390 so there are still problems with
7qY-cWixlhM-00499-00118391-00118615 directly portraying
7qY-cWixlhM-00500-00118616-00118841 uh the digital world on screen
7qY-cWixlhM-00501-00118842-00119158 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00502-00119159-00119439 but these are problems of having too
7qY-cWixlhM-00503-00119440-00119734 much information and not knowing how to
7qY-cWixlhM-00504-00119735-00119927 put them in the correct storytelling
7qY-cWixlhM-00505-00119928-00120031 order
7qY-cWixlhM-00506-00120032-00120366 uh not knowing how to uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00507-00120367-00120663 select the important parts and leave out
7qY-cWixlhM-00508-00120664-00120886 the unimportant parts
7qY-cWixlhM-00509-00120888-00121158 when you watch an older story
7qY-cWixlhM-00510-00121159-00121231 the
7qY-cWixlhM-00511-00121232-00121463 for example before the invention of the
7qY-cWixlhM-00512-00121464-00121614 telephone
7qY-cWixlhM-00513-00121615-00121863 basically the only kind of long form
7qY-cWixlhM-00514-00121864-00122127 long distance communication is
7qY-cWixlhM-00515-00122128-00122271 the letter
7qY-cWixlhM-00516-00122272-00122423 so you don't have this problem there's
7qY-cWixlhM-00517-00122424-00122686 only one letter it's only that long so
7qY-cWixlhM-00518-00122688-00123166 you might as well show the entire letter
7qY-cWixlhM-00519-00123167-00123407 at the same time letters because they
7qY-cWixlhM-00520-00123408-00123575 are so
7qY-cWixlhM-00521-00123576-00123839 seldom you don't get many of them so
7qY-cWixlhM-00522-00123840-00124143 each letter becomes more important
7qY-cWixlhM-00523-00124144-00124343 so you have stories of like long
7qY-cWixlhM-00524-00124344-00124575 distance lovers who live in two places
7qY-cWixlhM-00525-00124576-00124863 and they only write letters love letters
7qY-cWixlhM-00526-00124864-00125086 and so you have the characters
7qY-cWixlhM-00527-00125088-00125351 examining each word
7qY-cWixlhM-00528-00125352-00125647 or even each stroke of the pen
7qY-cWixlhM-00529-00125648-00125895 or like kissing the seal of the letter
7qY-cWixlhM-00530-00125896-00126134 because it is where
7qY-cWixlhM-00531-00126135-00126286 their beloved
7qY-cWixlhM-00532-00126288-00126447 has sealed the letter with their own
7qY-cWixlhM-00533-00126448-00126719 mouth as this kind of indirect kissing
7qY-cWixlhM-00534-00126720-00126943 things like that but like these are
7qY-cWixlhM-00535-00126944-00127158 things that you lose in a digital
7qY-cWixlhM-00536-00127159-00127527 communications environment
7qY-cWixlhM-00537-00127528-00127878 even back when using uh voice calls like
7qY-cWixlhM-00538-00127879-00128095 actually calling people was
7qY-cWixlhM-00539-00128096-00128295 the most common means of communication
7qY-cWixlhM-00540-00128296-00128558 you had the sound of the voice you could
7qY-cWixlhM-00541-00128559-00128807 split the screen in two halves and show
7qY-cWixlhM-00542-00128808-00129047 the conversation as if it were happening
7qY-cWixlhM-00543-00129048-00129144 in the same room
7qY-cWixlhM-00544-00129145-00129407 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00545-00129408-00129551 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00546-00129552-00129807 today i think the biggest issue for
7qY-cWixlhM-00547-00129808-00130086 dealing with technology in the story
7qY-cWixlhM-00548-00130088-00130239 world of a film
7qY-cWixlhM-00549-00130240-00130551 is how to handle digital technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00550-00130552-00130927 and digital communication
7qY-cWixlhM-00551-00130928-00131127 uh of course there's always uh you can
7qY-cWixlhM-00552-00131128-00131302 just cop out right you cannot deal with
7qY-cWixlhM-00553-00131303-00131527 it you can create a world where for some
7qY-cWixlhM-00554-00131528-00131814 strange reason all of the characters
7qY-cWixlhM-00555-00131815-00132014 don't have phones
7qY-cWixlhM-00556-00132015-00132271 or like uh you simply
7qY-cWixlhM-00557-00132272-00132511 portray characters who don't use their
7qY-cWixlhM-00558-00132512-00132783 phones until suddenly they the story
7qY-cWixlhM-00559-00132784-00133231 needs them to have urgent information
7qY-cWixlhM-00560-00133232-00133647 but as the internet and cell phones grow
7qY-cWixlhM-00561-00133648-00133727 more
7qY-cWixlhM-00562-00133728-00133911 uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00563-00133912-00134054 expected
7qY-cWixlhM-00564-00134055-00134254 like as if it's always been a part of
7qY-cWixlhM-00565-00134255-00134359 our lives
7qY-cWixlhM-00566-00134360-00134590 movies where characters don't use their
7qY-cWixlhM-00567-00134591-00134814 phones very often will feel more and
7qY-cWixlhM-00568-00134815-00134983 more
7qY-cWixlhM-00569-00134984-00135135 unreal
7qY-cWixlhM-00570-00135136-00135311 less and less like
7qY-cWixlhM-00571-00135312-00135566 they live in the world that we live in
7qY-cWixlhM-00572-00135567-00135735 so this is a problem that filmmakers
7qY-cWixlhM-00573-00135736-00136102 have to figure out how to deal with
7qY-cWixlhM-00574-00136103-00136239 i don't know the answer i'm not a
7qY-cWixlhM-00575-00136240-00136439 filmmaker
7qY-cWixlhM-00576-00136440-00136631 but that's something that we can
7qY-cWixlhM-00577-00136632-00136863 look forward to and pay attention to in
7qY-cWixlhM-00578-00136864-00137287 the future
7qY-cWixlhM-00579-00137288-00137511 so with the growing access to
7qY-cWixlhM-00580-00137512-00137695 information
7qY-cWixlhM-00581-00137696-00137999 uh people have also changed in their
7qY-cWixlhM-00582-00138000-00138311 expectations of information
7qY-cWixlhM-00583-00138312-00138519 in the past if you
7qY-cWixlhM-00584-00138520-00138663 had a question
7qY-cWixlhM-00585-00138664-00138943 and the answer was not in a dictionary
7qY-cWixlhM-00586-00138944-00139207 was not in an encyclopedia
7qY-cWixlhM-00587-00139208-00139471 you basically had two choices one you
7qY-cWixlhM-00588-00139472-00139759 can call your local library
7qY-cWixlhM-00589-00139760-00139911 libraries have something called a
7qY-cWixlhM-00590-00139912-00140119 reference desk
7qY-cWixlhM-00591-00140120-00140311 and the person sitting at the reference
7qY-cWixlhM-00592-00140312-00140559 desk is supposed to be able to answer
7qY-cWixlhM-00593-00140560-00140766 any question you have and give you any
7qY-cWixlhM-00594-00140767-00141111 information that the library has
7qY-cWixlhM-00595-00141112-00141302 and if they didn't know your second
7qY-cWixlhM-00596-00141303-00141478 option is just to
7qY-cWixlhM-00597-00141479-00141751 forget it not that important if you can
7qY-cWixlhM-00598-00141752-00141911 keep going on with your life without
7qY-cWixlhM-00599-00141912-00142071 that information
7qY-cWixlhM-00600-00142072-00142311 it's not that important
7qY-cWixlhM-00601-00142312-00142511 whereas today when you're simply
7qY-cWixlhM-00602-00142512-00142719 chatting with your friend and you can't
7qY-cWixlhM-00603-00142720-00142919 remember the name of that movie with
7qY-cWixlhM-00604-00142920-00143143 that actor who did that that and you can
7qY-cWixlhM-00605-00143144-00143423 go online and look for it right away
7qY-cWixlhM-00606-00143424-00143702 that change in expectation
7qY-cWixlhM-00607-00143703-00143975 uh has changed a lot about how people
7qY-cWixlhM-00608-00143976-00144247 interact and what they expect from the
7qY-cWixlhM-00609-00144248-00144447 world around them and from society
7qY-cWixlhM-00610-00144448-00144671 around them
7qY-cWixlhM-00611-00144672-00144959 the space of the unknown
7qY-cWixlhM-00612-00144960-00145278 has been shrinking
7qY-cWixlhM-00613-00145279-00145454 and in many ways i think that's one
7qY-cWixlhM-00614-00145455-00145711 reason why horror films have become more
7qY-cWixlhM-00615-00145712-00145959 and more popular
7qY-cWixlhM-00616-00145960-00146175 but before we talk about horror films do
7qY-cWixlhM-00617-00146176-00147083 you have questions about technology in
7qY-cWixlhM-00618-00147084-00147375 film okay so today we're watching a
7qY-cWixlhM-00619-00147376-00147566 movie called personal shopper it's
7qY-cWixlhM-00620-00147567-00147775 technically a horror film
7qY-cWixlhM-00621-00147776-00147887 but it's
7qY-cWixlhM-00622-00147888-00148039 not
7qY-cWixlhM-00623-00148040-00148231 uh very scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00624-00148232-00148383 a lot of the time
7qY-cWixlhM-00625-00148384-00148687 so sometimes it is very scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00626-00148688-00148831 but more often
7qY-cWixlhM-00627-00148832-00148990 it's simply
7qY-cWixlhM-00628-00148991-00149183 tense
7qY-cWixlhM-00629-00149184-00149471 or we might say
7qY-cWixlhM-00630-00149472-00149839 unsettling disquieting
7qY-cWixlhM-00631-00149840-00150031 and this is because when we talk about
7qY-cWixlhM-00632-00150032-00150247 horror films horror films don't have to
7qY-cWixlhM-00633-00150248-00150511 be scary did you know that
7qY-cWixlhM-00634-00150512-00150719 the idea of a horror film is not
7qY-cWixlhM-00635-00150720-00150895 something that scares you
7qY-cWixlhM-00636-00150896-00151087 a horror film is something that makes
7qY-cWixlhM-00637-00151088-00151447 you feel uneasy makes you feel like
7qY-cWixlhM-00638-00151448-00151590 something is wrong
7qY-cWixlhM-00639-00151591-00151775 something bad might happen
7qY-cWixlhM-00640-00151776-00151999 this is not normal this is not what life
7qY-cWixlhM-00641-00152000-00152159 is supposed to be like
7qY-cWixlhM-00642-00152160-00152390 there's some kind of danger or something
7qY-cWixlhM-00643-00152391-00152548 that you want to stay away from
7qY-cWixlhM-00644-00152549-00152671 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00645-00152672-00152847 that's what horror is about
7qY-cWixlhM-00646-00152848-00153159 so yes the most common kind of
7qY-cWixlhM-00647-00153160-00153359 uh horror is the kind that scares you
7qY-cWixlhM-00648-00153360-00153575 because nobody really likes to be scared
7qY-cWixlhM-00649-00153576-00153751 all the time
7qY-cWixlhM-00650-00153752-00153975 so people naturally want to stay away
7qY-cWixlhM-00651-00153976-00154247 from things that are scary but you also
7qY-cWixlhM-00652-00154248-00154535 have horror that is more disgusting
7qY-cWixlhM-00653-00154536-00154766 like body horror the kind of movie where
7qY-cWixlhM-00654-00154767-00154966 someone's leg gets chopped off or
7qY-cWixlhM-00655-00154967-00155175 something gets stuck into their throat
7qY-cWixlhM-00656-00155176-00155511 something like that
7qY-cWixlhM-00657-00155512-00155895 you also have horror that deals uh with
7qY-cWixlhM-00658-00155896-00156207 uh more fantasy kinds of things so like
7qY-cWixlhM-00659-00156208-00156414 twilight is also considered horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00660-00156415-00156647 because they're vampires and
7qY-cWixlhM-00661-00156648-00156847 uh like they're a question of like
7qY-cWixlhM-00662-00156848-00157063 whether bella wants to become a vampire
7qY-cWixlhM-00663-00157064-00157223 for the rest of her life
7qY-cWixlhM-00664-00157224-00157463 uh or not and the effects of like
7qY-cWixlhM-00665-00157464-00157639 killing vampires
7qY-cWixlhM-00666-00157640-00157839 and vampires sucking people's blood
7qY-cWixlhM-00667-00157840-00158031 things like that
7qY-cWixlhM-00668-00158032-00158247 so with this broader definition of
7qY-cWixlhM-00669-00158248-00158551 horror you get sub-genres not just scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00670-00158552-00158647 horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00671-00158648-00158735 also
7qY-cWixlhM-00672-00158736-00158919 comedy horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00673-00158920-00159023 or
7qY-cWixlhM-00674-00159024-00159478 romantic horror or historical horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00675-00159479-00159871 films that use horror elements but they
7qY-cWixlhM-00676-00159872-00160231 tell a not so scary kind of story
7qY-cWixlhM-00677-00160232-00160454 one example of a comedy horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00678-00160455-00160751 is a zombie land jang silarin
7qY-cWixlhM-00679-00160752-00160999 deals with zombies lots of blood lots of
7qY-cWixlhM-00680-00161000-00161254 violence but it's basically a funny
7qY-cWixlhM-00681-00161255-00161543 movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00682-00161544-00161631 um
7qY-cWixlhM-00683-00161632-00161726 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00684-00161727-00161951 when we think about the long tradition
7qY-cWixlhM-00685-00161952-00162199 of horror films like this we start to
7qY-cWixlhM-00686-00162200-00162478 see common elements what are the things
7qY-cWixlhM-00687-00162479-00162735 that people are scared of or they want
7qY-cWixlhM-00688-00162736-00162943 to stay away from
7qY-cWixlhM-00689-00162944-00163190 the biggest one of course is death
7qY-cWixlhM-00690-00163191-00163431 anything that can kill you
7qY-cWixlhM-00691-00163432-00163604 could be a part of a horror movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00692-00163605-00163751 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00693-00163752-00164054 but also unexpected death
7qY-cWixlhM-00694-00164055-00164263 if your death is coming and you know
7qY-cWixlhM-00695-00164264-00164463 when it's going to arrive it's not that
7qY-cWixlhM-00696-00164464-00164614 scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00697-00164615-00164702 uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00698-00164703-00164863 it's still scary right because you can't
7qY-cWixlhM-00699-00164864-00165263 avoid it but uh it's scarier
7qY-cWixlhM-00700-00165264-00165575 and is more troubling when you know that
7qY-cWixlhM-00701-00165576-00165759 you're going to die
7qY-cWixlhM-00702-00165760-00166126 soon but you don't know exactly when
7qY-cWixlhM-00703-00166127-00166335 so for example final destination
7qY-cWixlhM-00704-00166336-00166511 dreaming
7qY-cWixlhM-00705-00166512-00166783 that kind of movie death is near but you
7qY-cWixlhM-00706-00166784-00166895 don't know exactly when
7qY-cWixlhM-00707-00166896-00167102 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00708-00167103-00167502 you also have uh horror movies about
7qY-cWixlhM-00709-00167503-00167814 bad experiences that are related to
7qY-cWixlhM-00710-00167815-00168247 death but not exactly dying so suffering
7qY-cWixlhM-00711-00168248-00168590 like the saw movies duohunju
7qY-cWixlhM-00712-00168591-00168775 or
7qY-cWixlhM-00713-00168776-00169054 experiences that
7qY-cWixlhM-00714-00169055-00169126 are
7qY-cWixlhM-00715-00169127-00169326 not scary because you're going to die
7qY-cWixlhM-00716-00169327-00169654 but scary because of the experience
7qY-cWixlhM-00717-00169655-00169919 itself it's a disgusting experience it's
7qY-cWixlhM-00718-00169920-00170054 an experience
7qY-cWixlhM-00719-00170055-00170238 nobody would ever want to go through for
7qY-cWixlhM-00720-00170239-00170375 example
7qY-cWixlhM-00721-00170376-00170883 the human centipede
7qY-cWixlhM-00722-00170884-00171038 um
7qY-cWixlhM-00723-00171039-00171238 and then if you move into in
7qY-cWixlhM-00724-00171239-00171551 even more broad horror territory
7qY-cWixlhM-00725-00171552-00171790 you have movies that are not actually
7qY-cWixlhM-00726-00171791-00172023 giving you this feeling
7qY-cWixlhM-00727-00172024-00172287 but are using the elements that would
7qY-cWixlhM-00728-00172288-00172447 give you this feeling
7qY-cWixlhM-00729-00172448-00172719 to make another kind of movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00730-00172720-00173063 so for example uh you have action horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00731-00173064-00173302 where for example in the movie abraham
7qY-cWixlhM-00732-00173303-00173590 lincoln vampire hunter
7qY-cWixlhM-00733-00173591-00173966 the story is historical figure abraham
7qY-cWixlhM-00734-00173967-00174063 lincoln
7qY-cWixlhM-00735-00174064-00174302 is fighting the american south but the
7qY-cWixlhM-00736-00174303-00174478 american south is actually controlled by
7qY-cWixlhM-00737-00174479-00174607 vampires
7qY-cWixlhM-00738-00174608-00174838 so when the soldiers fight the civil war
7qY-cWixlhM-00739-00174839-00175071 it's not two human sides fighting it's
7qY-cWixlhM-00740-00175072-00175302 one human side fighting against an army
7qY-cWixlhM-00741-00175303-00175583 of vampires and vampires can kill you in
7qY-cWixlhM-00742-00175584-00175711 many different ways and it's very
7qY-cWixlhM-00743-00175712-00175959 disgusting but at its core it's not
7qY-cWixlhM-00744-00175960-00176095 scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00745-00176096-00176366 it's action with a lot of horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00746-00176367-00176631 elements
7qY-cWixlhM-00747-00176632-00176831 uh horror comedy
7qY-cWixlhM-00748-00176832-00176983 is also the same there are lots of
7qY-cWixlhM-00749-00176984-00177247 horror elements but it's used to tell
7qY-cWixlhM-00750-00177248-00177526 a funny story instead of a scary one for
7qY-cWixlhM-00751-00177527-00177775 example there's a very small movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00752-00177776-00178111 called dave made a maze and the story is
7qY-cWixlhM-00753-00178112-00178326 this guy dave
7qY-cWixlhM-00754-00178327-00178678 built a maze out of paper and cardboard
7qY-cWixlhM-00755-00178679-00178935 and for some reason the maze is bigger
7qY-cWixlhM-00756-00178936-00179214 on the inside than it is on the outside
7qY-cWixlhM-00757-00179215-00179447 and apparently they're inside the maze
7qY-cWixlhM-00758-00179448-00179823 he created traps and monsters and like
7qY-cWixlhM-00759-00179824-00179966 evil stuff
7qY-cWixlhM-00760-00179967-00180223 and he got lost inside his own maze so
7qY-cWixlhM-00761-00180224-00180495 his friends have to go in and save him
7qY-cWixlhM-00762-00180496-00180678 sounds kind of scary but because
7qY-cWixlhM-00763-00180679-00180959 everything is made out of paper
7qY-cWixlhM-00764-00180960-00181183 when you see like a monster it's a paper
7qY-cWixlhM-00765-00181184-00181399 monster it's not that scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00766-00181400-00181526 um
7qY-cWixlhM-00767-00181527-00181695 but because the elements are
7qY-cWixlhM-00768-00181696-00181919 traditionally from horror movies
7qY-cWixlhM-00769-00181920-00182214 the situations of that story are also
7qY-cWixlhM-00770-00182215-00182463 from horror movies
7qY-cWixlhM-00771-00182464-00182654 it's simply not scary because everything
7qY-cWixlhM-00772-00182655-00182854 is made of paper so
7qY-cWixlhM-00773-00182855-00183047 in fact there are some jokes as well so
7qY-cWixlhM-00774-00183048-00183359 it's a comedy horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00775-00183360-00183711 but at its core what unites all of these
7qY-cWixlhM-00776-00183712-00183975 different kinds of horror films and what
7qY-cWixlhM-00777-00183976-00184254 makes things scary
7qY-cWixlhM-00778-00184255-00184583 is fear of the unknown
7qY-cWixlhM-00779-00184584-00184823 things that we are not prepared for
7qY-cWixlhM-00780-00184824-00185190 things that we do not understand
7qY-cWixlhM-00781-00185191-00185375 if you think about it right unexpected
7qY-cWixlhM-00782-00185376-00185471 death
7qY-cWixlhM-00783-00185472-00185719 we don't know when it's going to happen
7qY-cWixlhM-00784-00185720-00185990 zombies vampires and ghosts
7qY-cWixlhM-00785-00185991-00186166 we don't understand them we've never
7qY-cWixlhM-00786-00186167-00186366 seen them they are from a different kind
7qY-cWixlhM-00787-00186367-00186687 of world we we can't really
7qY-cWixlhM-00788-00186688-00186847 communicate with them we don't know what
7qY-cWixlhM-00789-00186848-00186971 to expect from them
7qY-cWixlhM-00790-00186972-00187199 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00791-00187200-00187511 animal horror where like you get chased
7qY-cWixlhM-00792-00187512-00187759 by a monster or like a group of
7qY-cWixlhM-00793-00187760-00188007 man-eating fish or something
7qY-cWixlhM-00794-00188008-00188254 blake lively became famous for doing a
7qY-cWixlhM-00795-00188255-00188438 movie called the shallows where she's
7qY-cWixlhM-00796-00188439-00188583 almost killed by
7qY-cWixlhM-00797-00188584-00189014 a school of piranhas
7qY-cWixlhM-00798-00189015-00189214 animals we can't really communicate with
7qY-cWixlhM-00799-00189215-00189414 them we don't know whether they want to
7qY-cWixlhM-00800-00189415-00189726 eat us or they want to leave us alone
7qY-cWixlhM-00801-00189727-00189975 so at its core we can say that horror is
7qY-cWixlhM-00802-00189976-00190271 about fear of what we cannot understand
7qY-cWixlhM-00803-00190272-00190550 and what we cannot control
7qY-cWixlhM-00804-00190551-00190775 so that ties back to the technology
7qY-cWixlhM-00805-00190776-00190887 issue
7qY-cWixlhM-00806-00190888-00191126 with the advancement of technology there
7qY-cWixlhM-00807-00191127-00191295 is less and less that we do not
7qY-cWixlhM-00808-00191296-00191471 understand there is less and less that
7qY-cWixlhM-00809-00191472-00191647 we cannot find out
7qY-cWixlhM-00810-00191648-00191814 using the internet
7qY-cWixlhM-00811-00191815-00192071 and so horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00812-00192072-00192343 has become less and less about real
7qY-cWixlhM-00813-00192344-00192647 things and more and more about
7qY-cWixlhM-00814-00192648-00192766 fantasy
7qY-cWixlhM-00815-00192767-00192943 and symbolism
7qY-cWixlhM-00816-00192944-00193183 and we'll talk about symbolism i think
7qY-cWixlhM-00817-00193184-00193543 next week but the idea is in much of
7qY-cWixlhM-00818-00193544-00193726 modern horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00819-00193727-00193959 the scary part is not the thing itself
7qY-cWixlhM-00820-00193960-00194335 the scary part is the idea of the thing
7qY-cWixlhM-00821-00194336-00194702 or how that thing does not fit
7qY-cWixlhM-00822-00194703-00194895 into
7qY-cWixlhM-00823-00194896-00195135 our understanding of life of daily life
7qY-cWixlhM-00824-00195136-00195638 of human life of possible life
7qY-cWixlhM-00825-00195639-00195847 sometimes of course
7qY-cWixlhM-00826-00195848-00196087 this thing is a person and that's where
7qY-cWixlhM-00827-00196088-00196399 you get psychological horror
7qY-cWixlhM-00828-00196400-00196695 every person is a mystery you never can
7qY-cWixlhM-00829-00196696-00196943 truly know any person
7qY-cWixlhM-00830-00196944-00197214 so every person is a possible
7qY-cWixlhM-00831-00197215-00197519 killer and a possible monster
7qY-cWixlhM-00832-00197520-00197863 but they all look like ordinary people
7qY-cWixlhM-00833-00197864-00198119 and that is the part that we
7qY-cWixlhM-00834-00198120-00198302 don't understand that is the part we
7qY-cWixlhM-00835-00198303-00198711 cannot control
7qY-cWixlhM-00836-00198712-00198919 yeah so to conclude horror doesn't have
7qY-cWixlhM-00837-00198920-00199207 to be scary but it usually deals with
7qY-cWixlhM-00838-00199208-00199366 something either we cannot know or
7qY-cWixlhM-00839-00199367-00199671 cannot understand and that gives us a
7qY-cWixlhM-00840-00199672-00199919 troubling feeling an unsettling
7qY-cWixlhM-00841-00199920-00200150 disruptive disgusting
7qY-cWixlhM-00842-00200151-00200278 feeling
7qY-cWixlhM-00843-00200279-00200463 even if it's not the main feeling of the
7qY-cWixlhM-00844-00200464-00200775 film
7qY-cWixlhM-00845-00200776-00201407 questions
7qY-cWixlhM-00846-00201408-00201671 uh okay uh quick announcement
7qY-cWixlhM-00847-00201672-00201926 uh we're talking about horror this week
7qY-cWixlhM-00848-00201927-00202166 but actually the really scary movie the
7qY-cWixlhM-00849-00202167-00202399 one that's scary from beginning to end
7qY-cWixlhM-00850-00202400-00202566 will come next week
7qY-cWixlhM-00851-00202567-00203038 when we talk about historical dramas
7qY-cWixlhM-00852-00203039-00203183 so this week we're watching personal
7qY-cWixlhM-00853-00203184-00203343 shopper uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00854-00203344-00203663 this is a special film for our class
7qY-cWixlhM-00855-00203664-00203847 because it's the first time we're going
7qY-cWixlhM-00856-00203848-00204159 to watch a movie with the same director
7qY-cWixlhM-00857-00204160-00204375 and the same star
7qY-cWixlhM-00858-00204376-00204678 as another film that we watched
7qY-cWixlhM-00859-00204679-00205014 uh in i think week four we watched
7qY-cWixlhM-00860-00205015-00205255 clouds of sils maria the story about
7qY-cWixlhM-00861-00205256-00205366 acting
7qY-cWixlhM-00862-00205367-00205566 uh two actors in the swiss mountains
7qY-cWixlhM-00863-00205567-00205766 preparing for a play
7qY-cWixlhM-00864-00205767-00205982 that film was directed by a french
7qY-cWixlhM-00865-00205983-00206286 director named olivier asayas
7qY-cWixlhM-00866-00206287-00206494 starring julia binoche and kristen
7qY-cWixlhM-00867-00206496-00206686 stewart
7qY-cWixlhM-00868-00206687-00206879 so at the time
7qY-cWixlhM-00869-00206880-00207119 the director didn't really know kristen
7qY-cWixlhM-00870-00207119-00207358 stewart all he knew was that this
7qY-cWixlhM-00871-00207359-00207606 girl just finished filming
7qY-cWixlhM-00872-00207607-00207862 twilight she seems interesting she
7qY-cWixlhM-00873-00207863-00208062 doesn't seem like she seems like she can
7qY-cWixlhM-00874-00208063-00208310 do much more than just twilight
7qY-cWixlhM-00875-00208311-00208382 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00876-00208383-00208671 he cast her in that movie and had her
7qY-cWixlhM-00877-00208671-00209023 talk about like art films popular films
7qY-cWixlhM-00878-00209023-00209206 different kinds of acting
7qY-cWixlhM-00879-00209207-00209606 and it was uh quite interesting results
7qY-cWixlhM-00880-00209607-00209846 but then he realized that she could do
7qY-cWixlhM-00881-00209848-00210103 much more this kristen stewart person
7qY-cWixlhM-00882-00210104-00210534 and so the next film he made he cast her
7qY-cWixlhM-00883-00210535-00210798 specifically in the lead role
7qY-cWixlhM-00884-00210800-00211087 and it's a movie that
7qY-cWixlhM-00885-00211088-00211455 shows the many different sides of
7qY-cWixlhM-00886-00211456-00211639 kristen as an actor
7qY-cWixlhM-00887-00211640-00211871 where she can deal with many different
7qY-cWixlhM-00888-00211871-00212142 situations all while portraying the same
7qY-cWixlhM-00889-00212144-00212294 kind of
7qY-cWixlhM-00890-00212296-00212446 melancholy
7qY-cWixlhM-00891-00212448-00212623 uh desperate
7qY-cWixlhM-00892-00212623-00212998 hopeless character in the middle
7qY-cWixlhM-00893-00213000-00213110 uh so
7qY-cWixlhM-00894-00213111-00213342 that's personal shopper the movie we're
7qY-cWixlhM-00895-00213344-00213710 going to watch this week
7qY-cWixlhM-00896-00213711-00213942 what is a personal shopper first of all
7qY-cWixlhM-00897-00213944-00214255 a personal shopper is someone that
7qY-cWixlhM-00898-00214256-00214558 a rich and famous person hires to shop
7qY-cWixlhM-00899-00214559-00214671 for them
7qY-cWixlhM-00900-00214671-00214894 either because they're too busy to shop
7qY-cWixlhM-00901-00214896-00215031 for themselves
7qY-cWixlhM-00902-00215032-00215231 or because they're too famous and
7qY-cWixlhM-00903-00215232-00215415 whenever they go out they get surrounded
7qY-cWixlhM-00904-00215416-00215591 by camera
7qY-cWixlhM-00905-00215592-00215791 people and paparazzi and fans and so
7qY-cWixlhM-00906-00215792-00215991 they can't really shop
7qY-cWixlhM-00907-00215992-00216079 so
7qY-cWixlhM-00908-00216080-00216463 they hire a personal shopper who either
7qY-cWixlhM-00909-00216464-00216758 is very clear about the size and body
7qY-cWixlhM-00910-00216759-00216982 shape of the famous person
7qY-cWixlhM-00911-00216983-00217279 or they themselves physically resemble
7qY-cWixlhM-00912-00217280-00217598 the famous person so they can try on
7qY-cWixlhM-00913-00217600-00217758 clothes for that person
7qY-cWixlhM-00914-00217759-00218055 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00915-00218056-00218279 so really a personal shopper is someone
7qY-cWixlhM-00916-00218280-00218639 who whose job is to be another person
7qY-cWixlhM-00917-00218640-00218919 to represent another person
7qY-cWixlhM-00918-00218919-00219191 not just in terms of the physical
7qY-cWixlhM-00919-00219192-00219271 uh
7qY-cWixlhM-00920-00219271-00219503 appearance but also in the ideas of
7qY-cWixlhM-00921-00219504-00219734 taste and fashion to know what this
7qY-cWixlhM-00922-00219735-00219967 other person would want to wear or to
7qY-cWixlhM-00923-00219967-00220471 know what they would like to look like
7qY-cWixlhM-00924-00220471-00220663 so in this movie kristen stewart plays a
7qY-cWixlhM-00925-00220664-00220757 personal shopper
7qY-cWixlhM-00926-00220758-00220894 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00927-00220896-00221158 but that's just her day job she has
7qY-cWixlhM-00928-00221159-00221319 something else going on throughout the
7qY-cWixlhM-00929-00221319-00221767 movie as well
7qY-cWixlhM-00930-00221767-00221958 okay so if you don't have questions
7qY-cWixlhM-00931-00221959-00222182 let's take a 10 minute break and when we
7qY-cWixlhM-00932-00222183-00222655 come back we'll watch the movie
7qY-cWixlhM-00933-00222656-00223382 [Music]
7qY-cWixlhM-00934-00223383-00223592 you
7tb1XeBpoFI-00000-00000006-00000578 LM KMD basely monomers this EK h verts
7tb1XeBpoFI-00001-00000579-00000994 bass Lehman solo show Billy Menendez my
7tb1XeBpoFI-00002-00000996-00001303 kitchen basely monoculture mom Jericho
7tb1XeBpoFI-00003-00001304-00001589 Portis ol Jack missile Dava Genki chop
7tb1XeBpoFI-00004-00001590-00001805 mobile maybe medallion on Akif are
7tb1XeBpoFI-00005-00001805-00001935 cliquey beaters
7tb1XeBpoFI-00006-00001936-00002227 Elizabeth Arden Adachi steamships Aaron
7tb1XeBpoFI-00007-00002228-00002471 Estell art an island a botanical message
7tb1XeBpoFI-00008-00002472-00002804 in basic catchable memes caricature Bob
7tb1XeBpoFI-00009-00002805-00003080 Jamar airborne are visible a sec Besh
7tb1XeBpoFI-00010-00003081-00003500 grubens olgich ocimum be spelled better
7tb1XeBpoFI-00011-00003501-00003776 beer dabbler especially al the Quebec
7tb1XeBpoFI-00012-00003777-00004054 verdict our big group to be observing
7tb1XeBpoFI-00013-00004055-00004438 esna older the best sharper burble mesh
7tb1XeBpoFI-00014-00004439-00004738 a birthday blurs charm
7tb1XeBpoFI-00015-00004739-00004988 estimation doctor : come up chart Nisha
7tb1XeBpoFI-00016-00004989-00005258 Attila day as a blurred 'm a sharper
7tb1XeBpoFI-00017-00005259-00005650 burble best directors hep sign a father
7tb1XeBpoFI-00018-00005651-00005888 for the head control as a building's
7tb1XeBpoFI-00019-00005889-00006109 machine bosch caballo life a deadly
7tb1XeBpoFI-00020-00006110-00006425 almost jokingly bill GD Liana LM the
7tb1XeBpoFI-00021-00006426-00006628 casaya chart finish them Nagar at her
7tb1XeBpoFI-00022-00006629-00006877 silly sharper some Gary beer culture
7tb1XeBpoFI-00023-00006878-00007284 less sharp a bit bulbous a beer
7tb1XeBpoFI-00024-00007286-00007564 bonus a baby boy Ferdinand baseball a
7tb1XeBpoFI-00025-00007565-00007846 bash at all monsters a sharp a beautiful
7tb1XeBpoFI-00026-00007847-00008059 Bashar pollution the only jackson's
7tb1XeBpoFI-00027-00008061-00008178 dynamics the demon
7tb1XeBpoFI-00028-00008179-00008531 it's buddha bashful abyss sharper
7tb1XeBpoFI-00029-00008532-00008881 BeerBelly Bechet a jack angel
7tb1XeBpoFI-00030-00008882-00009155 pie larger palem best sharp abyss a
7tb1XeBpoFI-00031-00009156-00009467 bash from the pie the larger
7tb1XeBpoFI-00032-00009468-00009856 Palin beer char Besh a shudder bash
7tb1XeBpoFI-00033-00009857-00010064 enemies the best art while baseball
7tb1XeBpoFI-00034-00010065-00010492 vegetable a digital jack synonymous Depp
7tb1XeBpoFI-00035-00010493-00010853 accuse only the size Olson who say Oh LM
7tb1XeBpoFI-00036-00010854-00011038 sailor chart max joram Istra notch
7tb1XeBpoFI-00037-00011039-00011389 b-roll Jack the bar column accusing a DQ
7tb1XeBpoFI-00038-00011390-00011591 join a table a sec beer a leather
7tb1XeBpoFI-00039-00011592-00011914 steamer accusing it accusing edible
7tb1XeBpoFI-00040-00011915-00012116 make beer belly choose on a daily chart
7tb1XeBpoFI-00041-00012117-00012506 mark line Seder Yan it sharp margarita
7tb1XeBpoFI-00042-00012507-00012634 Silla chart mark
7tb1XeBpoFI-00043-00012635-00012958 chocolate rock beauty shop mm babe - yo
7tb1XeBpoFI-00044-00012959-00013147 Tommy Nana most honorable buildings
7tb1XeBpoFI-00045-00013148-00013378 become yellow just sign in tears
7tb1XeBpoFI-00046-00013379-00013699 sharp euros pashka bhi aqua solemn LM de
7tb1XeBpoFI-00047-00013700-00013963 peche of Jamar the Bunner and vegetable
7tb1XeBpoFI-00048-00013963-00014149 knowledge a call or some am the coach
7tb1XeBpoFI-00049-00014150-00014452 Daniels let's boo-boo option and best a
7tb1XeBpoFI-00050-00014453-00014661 bit another some LM the botanical EO
7tb1XeBpoFI-00051-00014662-00015088 kanaloa Rockets posit sunidhi LM sick is
7tb1XeBpoFI-00052-00015088-00015291 been you choose - key bitch'll gonna be
7tb1XeBpoFI-00053-00015293-00015502 same at Aston a chocolate shell Gandhi
7tb1XeBpoFI-00054-00015503-00015838 llama put a million large column accuse
7tb1XeBpoFI-00055-00015838-00016194 it miss Pierce as sick is Milan who
7tb1XeBpoFI-00056-00016195-00016395 chose kalpesh been accuse atmosphere
7tb1XeBpoFI-00057-00016396-00016753 also the dalm cables a year let me say
7tb1XeBpoFI-00058-00016754-00016966 in a chart max theorem captain the SONA
7tb1XeBpoFI-00059-00016967-00017242 jambalaya also Charlie charlatan a
7tb1XeBpoFI-00060-00017243-00017490 quiet alum Charlotte you don't like my
7tb1XeBpoFI-00061-00017491-00017719 kitchen an album get a girl yeah mom
7tb1XeBpoFI-00062-00017720-00017931 gala can take say say you're tired see
7tb1XeBpoFI-00063-00017932-00018172 the chart mark who sign on the chart
7tb1XeBpoFI-00064-00018173-00018534 maker at Arsenal Jack beers Baloo sake
7tb1XeBpoFI-00065-00018535-00018789 is Milan which is khopesh pin it use it
7tb1XeBpoFI-00066-00018790-00019110 wish peace all the track
7ugyskTXd10-00000-00000149-00003087 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00001-00003088-00003361 oh
7ugyskTXd10-00002-00003361-00005502 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00003-00005503-00005666 is
7ugyskTXd10-00004-00005667-00006641 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00005-00006642-00008432 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00006-00008433-00008846 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00007-00008847-00009042 me
7ugyskTXd10-00009-00012296-00012567 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00010-00012568-00012958 i
7ugyskTXd10-00011-00012959-00013558 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00012-00013559-00013716 is
7ugyskTXd10-00013-00013718-00014576 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00014-00014577-00014755 [Laughter]
7ugyskTXd10-00015-00014756-00015813 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00016-00015815-00016111 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00017-00016112-00016240 oh
7ugyskTXd10-00018-00016241-00017135 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00019-00017136-00017263 you
7ugyskTXd10-00020-00017264-00017364 can
7ugyskTXd10-00021-00017365-00018694 [Music]
7ugyskTXd10-00022-00018695-00018904 you
7whqYiCa4zg-00000-00000016-00000295 we have sleeper picks on today's show
7whqYiCa4zg-00001-00000296-00000430 we're talking through some news getting
7whqYiCa4zg-00002-00000431-00000574 you ready for your drafts make sure you
7whqYiCa4zg-00003-00000575-00000831 like subscribe leave a comment enjoy
7whqYiCa4zg-00004-00000832-00001054 before we start today's show i want to
7whqYiCa4zg-00005-00001055-00001311 invite each and every listener into the
7whqYiCa4zg-00006-00001312-00001519 2022
7whqYiCa4zg-00007-00001520-00001782 mega meghalabal the largest
7whqYiCa4zg-00008-00001784-00002223 fantasy football league on earth waiting
7whqYiCa4zg-00009-00002224-00002502 we had over 18 000 playing with us last
7whqYiCa4zg-00010-00002503-00002702 year we're hoping to jump over that 20
7whqYiCa4zg-00011-00002703-00003031 000 mark this year go to megalabol.com
7whqYiCa4zg-00012-00003032-00003279 win the league and you are in next
7whqYiCa4zg-00013-00003279-00003486 year's listener league it will be a
7whqYiCa4zg-00014-00003488-00004399 great time check it out megalabel.com
7whqYiCa4zg-00015-00004400-00004647 welcome to the fantasy footballers
7whqYiCa4zg-00016-00004648-00004919 podcast with your hosts
7whqYiCa4zg-00017-00004920-00005070 andy holloway
7whqYiCa4zg-00018-00005071-00005401 jason moore and mike wright
7whqYiCa4zg-00019-00005402-00005999 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00020-00006000-00006191 oh
7whqYiCa4zg-00021-00006192-00006731 welcome in
7whqYiCa4zg-00022-00006733-00007159 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00023-00007159-00007562 the fantasy footballers podcast
7whqYiCa4zg-00024-00007563-00007751 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00025-00007752-00007959 wednesday august 24th jason moore my
7whqYiCa4zg-00026-00007959-00008359 cried andy holloway
7whqYiCa4zg-00027-00008360-00008510 big show today
7whqYiCa4zg-00028-00008511-00008799 big show breakouts yesterday today we're
7whqYiCa4zg-00029-00008800-00008951 talking
7whqYiCa4zg-00030-00008952-00009135 sleepers
7whqYiCa4zg-00031-00009136-00009287 who should you grab at the end of your
7whqYiCa4zg-00032-00009288-00009510 draft
7whqYiCa4zg-00033-00009511-00009663 sleepers
7whqYiCa4zg-00034-00009664-00009910 keep it secret keep it safe we'll each
7whqYiCa4zg-00035-00009911-00010127 be uh sharing a couple sleeper pics on
7whqYiCa4zg-00036-00010128-00010367 today's show
7whqYiCa4zg-00037-00010368-00010671 have some news to talk about
7whqYiCa4zg-00038-00010672-00010855 excited to have you with us
7whqYiCa4zg-00039-00010856-00011031 the season is
7whqYiCa4zg-00040-00011032-00011271 inching closer
7whqYiCa4zg-00041-00011272-00011503 and uh we have a couple of updates at
7whqYiCa4zg-00042-00011504-00011703 the top of the show
7whqYiCa4zg-00043-00011704-00011870 first you heard the mega balls open so
7whqYiCa4zg-00044-00011871-00012199 you can go to meglable.com yes
7whqYiCa4zg-00045-00012200-00012351 secondly
7whqYiCa4zg-00046-00012352-00012559 today's wednesday
7whqYiCa4zg-00047-00012560-00012910 and it is the first week
7whqYiCa4zg-00048-00012911-00013183 of our spotify live show oh baby the
7whqYiCa4zg-00049-00013184-00013391 fantasy footballers
7whqYiCa4zg-00050-00013391-00013607 party room time to party you like
7whqYiCa4zg-00051-00013608-00013766 partying
7whqYiCa4zg-00052-00013768-00013999 come on down come on down to the party
7whqYiCa4zg-00053-00014000-00014079 room
7whqYiCa4zg-00054-00014080-00014366 uh every single wednesday
7whqYiCa4zg-00055-00014368-00014663 3 p.m pacific 6 p.m eastern
7whqYiCa4zg-00056-00014663-00015063 we will be live on spotify we will be
7whqYiCa4zg-00057-00015063-00015271 bringing listeners up on stage to ask
7whqYiCa4zg-00058-00015272-00015415 questions we will be talking about
7whqYiCa4zg-00059-00015416-00015558 everything and anything that has to do
7whqYiCa4zg-00060-00015559-00015758 with fantasy football
7whqYiCa4zg-00061-00015759-00015935 breaking news
7whqYiCa4zg-00062-00015936-00016175 uh the upcoming week throughout the year
7whqYiCa4zg-00063-00016176-00016630 and um it's a great time so many gifts
7whqYiCa4zg-00064-00016631-00016711 yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00065-00016712-00016983 so many gifts we finally take off the
7whqYiCa4zg-00066-00016984-00017183 ties you know we're so buttoned up yes
7whqYiCa4zg-00067-00017184-00017399 official and professional
7whqYiCa4zg-00068-00017400-00017655 but this is where we really loosen up oh
7whqYiCa4zg-00069-00017656-00017839 yeah i'm donald ducking on that show
7whqYiCa4zg-00070-00017840-00018022 yeah and it's it's bad for everyone in
7whqYiCa4zg-00071-00018023-00018167 the studio but
7whqYiCa4zg-00072-00018168-00018479 you can join us uh you can listen
7whqYiCa4zg-00073-00018480-00018694 on the spotify app
7whqYiCa4zg-00074-00018695-00018886 you can listen on spotify live if you
7whqYiCa4zg-00075-00018887-00019158 want to participate in the conversation
7whqYiCa4zg-00076-00019159-00019311 uh and i believe you can even listen on
7whqYiCa4zg-00077-00019312-00019463 the web now
7whqYiCa4zg-00078-00019464-00019767 they're just making it so easy to party
7whqYiCa4zg-00079-00019768-00019975 which means you better be there
7whqYiCa4zg-00080-00019976-00020158 uh and then lastly a reminder the
7whqYiCa4zg-00081-00020159-00020303 ultimate drive kit available now get
7whqYiCa4zg-00082-00020304-00020567 ready for the drafts this weekend at
7whqYiCa4zg-00083-00020568-00020743 ultimatedraftkid.com
7whqYiCa4zg-00084-00020744-00021014 the quick question today comes from
7whqYiCa4zg-00085-00021015-00021263 instagram user dj
7whqYiCa4zg-00086-00021264-00021455 hook-a-don
7whqYiCa4zg-00087-00021456-00021886 okay
7whqYiCa4zg-00088-00021887-00022111 says what is your worst fear
7whqYiCa4zg-00089-00022112-00022391 during your fantasy football draft which
7whqYiCa4zg-00090-00022392-00022543 i thought was a really interesting
7whqYiCa4zg-00091-00022544-00022671 question
7whqYiCa4zg-00092-00022672-00022878 um you spend all this time preparing but
7whqYiCa4zg-00093-00022879-00023063 what's your actual worst fear what's the
7whqYiCa4zg-00094-00023064-00023278 worst thing that can happen to you
7whqYiCa4zg-00095-00023279-00023375 i
7whqYiCa4zg-00096-00023376-00023550 i'll hop in here first because i i saw
7whqYiCa4zg-00097-00023551-00023719 your answer in in you want me to share
7whqYiCa4zg-00098-00023720-00023927 real quick i mean he said he's first
7whqYiCa4zg-00099-00023928-00024086 yeah i did i clicked okay you just said
7whqYiCa4zg-00100-00024087-00024335 i'm gonna pop in yeah i licked it um but
7whqYiCa4zg-00101-00024336-00024575 your answer is better thank you you you
7whqYiCa4zg-00102-00024576-00024719 have like the
7whqYiCa4zg-00103-00024720-00024847 true
7whqYiCa4zg-00104-00024848-00025030 tilt moment but the thing that i've
7whqYiCa4zg-00105-00025031-00025247 experienced in a couple drafts recently
7whqYiCa4zg-00106-00025248-00025494 is that absolutely sucks and it's a it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00107-00025495-00025614 a big fear
7whqYiCa4zg-00108-00025616-00025927 is when you are playing the position
7whqYiCa4zg-00109-00025927-00026134 gamble you know that you're at the end
7whqYiCa4zg-00110-00026135-00026390 of a tier and you're like
7whqYiCa4zg-00111-00026391-00026655 i think this player will make it back
7whqYiCa4zg-00112-00026656-00026879 based on adp and you've and it's like
7whqYiCa4zg-00113-00026880-00027158 the last running back you like but or or
7whqYiCa4zg-00114-00027160-00027327 the last whatever position
7whqYiCa4zg-00115-00027327-00027527 but at the same time it's like
7whqYiCa4zg-00116-00027527-00027758 you're kind of reaching there and so you
7whqYiCa4zg-00117-00027760-00027983 go well i think he'll get back and then
7whqYiCa4zg-00118-00027983-00028135 you take that risk and he doesn't get
7whqYiCa4zg-00119-00028136-00028383 back and now you're like that position
7whqYiCa4zg-00120-00028383-00028662 is smoked from my team that is one of my
7whqYiCa4zg-00121-00028663-00028783 big fears
7whqYiCa4zg-00122-00028783-00029046 so the one that i i had written down was
7whqYiCa4zg-00123-00029047-00029318 this moment that happens
7whqYiCa4zg-00124-00029319-00029502 when you you have four or five names
7whqYiCa4zg-00125-00029504-00029743 that you know you'll be happy with
7whqYiCa4zg-00126-00029744-00030070 and all of them go directly before you
7whqYiCa4zg-00127-00030072-00030231 and so you're combined with this
7whqYiCa4zg-00128-00030232-00030423 simultaneous
7whqYiCa4zg-00129-00030424-00030718 i only have meh options nobody that i
7whqYiCa4zg-00130-00030719-00030831 love
7whqYiCa4zg-00131-00030832-00031239 and the clock because that moment
7whqYiCa4zg-00132-00031239-00031487 very few of us can think clearly when
7whqYiCa4zg-00133-00031488-00031646 none of those options are there there's
7whqYiCa4zg-00134-00031647-00031823 a lot of pressure that's the moment
7whqYiCa4zg-00135-00031824-00031999 fantasy players
7whqYiCa4zg-00136-00032000-00032295 inadvertently go by pure adp lists oh
7whqYiCa4zg-00137-00032295-00032495 yeah you almost have to if you're ill
7whqYiCa4zg-00138-00032495-00032751 prepared in that moment if you had a lot
7whqYiCa4zg-00139-00032752-00032911 of times you're four picks away and you
7whqYiCa4zg-00140-00032912-00033095 got four guys you love
7whqYiCa4zg-00141-00033096-00033367 but when it goes boom bam yeah thank you
7whqYiCa4zg-00142-00033368-00033615 ma'am those four guys are gone then
7whqYiCa4zg-00143-00033616-00033911 you're like who's highest and then it
7whqYiCa4zg-00144-00033912-00034102 becomes like at least some of you is
7whqYiCa4zg-00145-00034103-00034367 trying to save face with that pick
7whqYiCa4zg-00146-00034368-00034543 or can be in that position and that's
7whqYiCa4zg-00147-00034544-00034727 where the adp you just take who's next
7whqYiCa4zg-00148-00034728-00034831 on the list
7whqYiCa4zg-00149-00034832-00034967 and you end up with a player you don't
7whqYiCa4zg-00150-00034968-00035087 like so
7whqYiCa4zg-00151-00035088-00035311 that's the panic worst fear moment and
7whqYiCa4zg-00152-00035312-00035471 that comes from
7whqYiCa4zg-00153-00035472-00035646 i mean to some degree it's being
7whqYiCa4zg-00154-00035647-00035823 underprepared you know not having
7whqYiCa4zg-00155-00035824-00036023 alternative options but it's not always
7whqYiCa4zg-00156-00036024-00036246 that sometimes it is there are options
7whqYiCa4zg-00157-00036247-00036374 there that you know are the next pick
7whqYiCa4zg-00158-00036375-00036535 you're just not excited about them yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00159-00036536-00036751 so that moment stinks what is so funny
7whqYiCa4zg-00160-00036752-00036935 to me about that moment is that that
7whqYiCa4zg-00161-00036936-00037079 moment can happen multiple times through
7whqYiCa4zg-00162-00037080-00037367 a draft oh gosh stack stack on each
7whqYiCa4zg-00163-00037368-00037543 other but what's funny is like so there
7whqYiCa4zg-00164-00037544-00037774 are more players you really like you
7whqYiCa4zg-00165-00037775-00037974 know what i mean but it's all relative
7whqYiCa4zg-00166-00037975-00038127 to the adp and where you are in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00167-00038128-00038446 draft grab the players you like uh the
7whqYiCa4zg-00168-00038447-00038559 i don't know that i would call it the
7whqYiCa4zg-00169-00038560-00038846 worst fear but i
7whqYiCa4zg-00170-00038847-00039079 i have done this before it's where you
7whqYiCa4zg-00171-00039080-00039287 kind of forget who's on your roster
7whqYiCa4zg-00172-00039288-00039511 because you're the clock is going
7whqYiCa4zg-00173-00039512-00039759 and then you draft a wide receiver and
7whqYiCa4zg-00174-00039760-00039911 you go oh
7whqYiCa4zg-00175-00039912-00040079 i also have the running back from that
7whqYiCa4zg-00176-00040080-00040318 team and that's not a a stack that i
7whqYiCa4zg-00177-00040319-00040590 really wanted on my team or so that you
7whqYiCa4zg-00178-00040591-00040895 either forget or you're just like
7whqYiCa4zg-00179-00040896-00041095 this is clearly the highest tiered
7whqYiCa4zg-00180-00041096-00041343 player and i feel like i'm being backed
7whqYiCa4zg-00181-00041344-00041623 into selecting this player and it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00182-00041624-00041823 i but i don't want the running back of
7whqYiCa4zg-00183-00041824-00041999 the wide receiver from this same team i
7whqYiCa4zg-00184-00042000-00042167 just i don't think that's to work out
7whqYiCa4zg-00185-00042168-00042415 that's fair yeah i had a draft with uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00186-00042416-00042623 kyle and bets and the three of us went
7whqYiCa4zg-00187-00042624-00042887 in on one of the great danes and we had
7whqYiCa4zg-00188-00042888-00043030 a draft that was just like that we were
7whqYiCa4zg-00189-00043031-00043287 at the turn and every time it got to us
7whqYiCa4zg-00190-00043288-00043574 there was like one or two players super
7whqYiCa4zg-00191-00043575-00043807 you know past adp and we loved and it
7whqYiCa4zg-00192-00043808-00044023 just was like our team yeah you know it
7whqYiCa4zg-00193-00044024-00044271 was like i don't want michael gallup
7whqYiCa4zg-00194-00044272-00044439 and cd
7whqYiCa4zg-00195-00044440-00044630 right for the playoffs i was like oh and
7whqYiCa4zg-00196-00044631-00044815 so over and over that that's just kind
7whqYiCa4zg-00197-00044816-00044990 of some bad luck and as a quick
7whqYiCa4zg-00198-00044991-00045135 follow-up mike
7whqYiCa4zg-00199-00045136-00045327 what's your worst fear for like a season
7whqYiCa4zg-00200-00045328-00045630 like in this oh uh going undefeated
7whqYiCa4zg-00201-00045631-00045855 oh undefeated yes okay that's your worst
7whqYiCa4zg-00202-00045856-00046023 fear because there's too much uh too
7whqYiCa4zg-00203-00046024-00046271 much pressure too big of a hit yeah all
7whqYiCa4zg-00204-00046272-00046751 right into the news we go
7whqYiCa4zg-00205-00046752-00047020 news and notes from around the league
7whqYiCa4zg-00206-00047021-00047343 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00207-00047344-00047495 all right let's start here espn
7whqYiCa4zg-00208-00047496-00047686 reporting that uh or speculating that
7whqYiCa4zg-00209-00047687-00047958 mike davis could get most carries uh the
7whqYiCa4zg-00210-00047959-00048095 most carries in the ravens backfield
7whqYiCa4zg-00211-00048096-00048383 early in the season i i believe this
7whqYiCa4zg-00212-00048384-00048646 uh to be true he's looked actually very
7whqYiCa4zg-00213-00048647-00048943 good in the preseason john harbaugh has
7whqYiCa4zg-00214-00048944-00049158 said that jk dobbins is you know kind of
7whqYiCa4zg-00215-00049159-00049390 back on track but he's not locked in as
7whqYiCa4zg-00216-00049391-00049574 a week one starter we already know gus
7whqYiCa4zg-00217-00049575-00049823 edwards now placed on reserve pup to
7whqYiCa4zg-00218-00049824-00050023 miss the first four weeks
7whqYiCa4zg-00219-00050024-00050246 i mean we are back to the veteran patrol
7whqYiCa4zg-00220-00050247-00050511 in baltimore yeah it really really
7whqYiCa4zg-00221-00050512-00050830 stinks and mike davis will be valuable
7whqYiCa4zg-00222-00050831-00050999 in the beginning of the year like you
7whqYiCa4zg-00223-00051000-00051230 can grab jk dobbins and jk dobbins i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-00224-00051232-00051519 really hoping um it has has a really
7whqYiCa4zg-00225-00051520-00051830 good recovery and a great season
7whqYiCa4zg-00226-00051832-00052038 but it's not going gonna start
7whqYiCa4zg-00227-00052039-00052246 fantastic you don't come back off of an
7whqYiCa4zg-00228-00052247-00052350 injury
7whqYiCa4zg-00229-00052351-00052599 not i mean he's not fully participating
7whqYiCa4zg-00230-00052600-00052799 in practices yet and then just because
7whqYiCa4zg-00231-00052800-00053023 it's week one be like all right you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00232-00053024-00053166 you're a full-time player like you
7whqYiCa4zg-00233-00053167-00053294 cannot
7whqYiCa4zg-00234-00053295-00053535 start jk dobbins week one if you draft
7whqYiCa4zg-00235-00053536-00053719 him you have to have someone else to
7whqYiCa4zg-00236-00053720-00053950 play week one because i think that if
7whqYiCa4zg-00237-00053951-00054287 that's his first game back to action
7whqYiCa4zg-00238-00054288-00054430 how many how many carries how many
7whqYiCa4zg-00239-00054432-00054623 touches is he getting in his first game
7whqYiCa4zg-00240-00054624-00054703 back
7whqYiCa4zg-00241-00054704-00054991 from injury it's not like he's
7whqYiCa4zg-00242-00054991-00055207 you know in a couple preseason games to
7whqYiCa4zg-00243-00055208-00055311 warm up they're not going to go out
7whqYiCa4zg-00244-00055312-00055503 there and give him 15 touches
7whqYiCa4zg-00245-00055504-00055671 the crazy part jason and i'll put you on
7whqYiCa4zg-00246-00055672-00055871 the spot here with this decision the
7whqYiCa4zg-00247-00055872-00056126 ravens play the jets in week one if you
7whqYiCa4zg-00248-00056127-00056238 had mike
7whqYiCa4zg-00249-00056239-00056471 mike davis and jacob dobson isn't
7whqYiCa4zg-00250-00056472-00056630 playing or you have bruce hall week one
7whqYiCa4zg-00251-00056632-00056863 against the ravens
7whqYiCa4zg-00252-00056864-00057038 which who's gonna perform better in week
7whqYiCa4zg-00253-00057039-00057230 one mike davis against the jets or
7whqYiCa4zg-00254-00057232-00057447 freestyle against the ravens that is a
7whqYiCa4zg-00255-00057448-00057638 dirty question it's dirty i will play
7whqYiCa4zg-00256-00057639-00057950 breeze hall okay but mike davis should
7whqYiCa4zg-00257-00057951-00058150 always but you know but you could be
7whqYiCa4zg-00258-00058151-00058359 wrong well absolutely i could be wrong
7whqYiCa4zg-00259-00058360-00058559 and it's but it's not to take away from
7whqYiCa4zg-00260-00058560-00058799 mike davis i think mike davis is a
7whqYiCa4zg-00261-00058800-00059159 legitimate you know flex style start in
7whqYiCa4zg-00262-00059160-00059407 week one for volume yes
7whqYiCa4zg-00263-00059408-00059630 yes i mean it's he's not you know this
7whqYiCa4zg-00264-00059632-00059791 is uh last year's devonta frame and
7whqYiCa4zg-00265-00059791-00059999 latavius murray these guys were pretty
7whqYiCa4zg-00266-00060000-00060206 much toast but they had fantasy
7whqYiCa4zg-00267-00060207-00060342 relevance
7whqYiCa4zg-00268-00060344-00060559 juju watch he missed practice again on
7whqYiCa4zg-00269-00060560-00060806 tuesday andy reid said that his sort
7whqYiCa4zg-00270-00060807-00060975 knee occurred during the monday after
7whqYiCa4zg-00271-00060976-00061142 the first preseason game
7whqYiCa4zg-00272-00061144-00061447 i mean that just plain lines up with
7whqYiCa4zg-00273-00061448-00061623 what was supposedly happening for a
7whqYiCa4zg-00274-00061624-00061919 while he plays a game it swells up it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00275-00061920-00062119 sore he needs it drained
7whqYiCa4zg-00276-00062120-00062271 um
7whqYiCa4zg-00277-00062272-00062399 yeah it's it's not good for the
7whqYiCa4zg-00278-00062400-00062750 narrative of him really returning to
7whqYiCa4zg-00279-00062751-00063071 form of his uh former
7whqYiCa4zg-00280-00063072-00063375 fantasy star former form yeah yeah well
7whqYiCa4zg-00281-00063376-00063542 i mean andy reid says he'll be ready for
7whqYiCa4zg-00282-00063544-00063711 the regular season should be fine for
7whqYiCa4zg-00283-00063712-00063911 the regular season is he still it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00284-00063912-00064166 scary though i mean that that's a scary
7whqYiCa4zg-00285-00064167-00064294 thing if that
7whqYiCa4zg-00286-00064295-00064430 he goes out
7whqYiCa4zg-00287-00064432-00064615 okay he turns the corner he's great week
7whqYiCa4zg-00288-00064616-00064791 one he plays
7whqYiCa4zg-00289-00064791-00064975 then his knee gets sore
7whqYiCa4zg-00290-00064976-00065159 again after the game and we have to go
7whqYiCa4zg-00291-00065160-00065335 through all this every single week
7whqYiCa4zg-00292-00065336-00065463 you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00293-00065464-00065782 you're on panic and watching was is juju
7whqYiCa4zg-00294-00065783-00065999 actually gonna miss is there a chance
7whqYiCa4zg-00295-00066000-00066215 and and when he does
7whqYiCa4zg-00296-00066216-00066303 like
7whqYiCa4zg-00297-00066304-00066511 because i feel like it's inevitable he's
7whqYiCa4zg-00298-00066512-00066750 gonna miss a game or two with his knee
7whqYiCa4zg-00299-00066751-00066894 you won't know
7whqYiCa4zg-00300-00066895-00067167 until sunday morning when when juju is a
7whqYiCa4zg-00301-00067168-00067391 surprise inactive because you'll you'll
7whqYiCa4zg-00302-00067392-00067567 have gone the whole season of
7whqYiCa4zg-00303-00067568-00067903 of the this is his uh regiment and he
7whqYiCa4zg-00304-00067904-00068031 plays you're like oh well he'll play
7whqYiCa4zg-00305-00068032-00068159 don't worry about it he's not practicing
7whqYiCa4zg-00306-00068160-00068415 he's still gonna play sunday it's gonna
7whqYiCa4zg-00307-00068416-00068615 sneak up on you and it's gonna be
7whqYiCa4zg-00308-00068616-00068823 probably at a very uh very bad time
7whqYiCa4zg-00309-00068824-00069126 would you go with the adage if it's sore
7whqYiCa4zg-00310-00069127-00069447 start sky more would you be willing to i
7whqYiCa4zg-00311-00069448-00069750 would not yes but when the time comes
7whqYiCa4zg-00312-00069751-00069999 please use that rhyme yes oh of course
7whqYiCa4zg-00313-00070000-00070182 kyle shanahan said elijah mitchell is on
7whqYiCa4zg-00314-00070183-00070526 schedule to play week one oh man
7whqYiCa4zg-00315-00070527-00070687 so the problem
7whqYiCa4zg-00316-00070688-00070903 with the elijah mitchell situation is he
7whqYiCa4zg-00317-00070904-00071103 was very injury prone last year
7whqYiCa4zg-00318-00071104-00071294 and so have you know they didn't have
7whqYiCa4zg-00319-00071295-00071487 jeff wilson available for a decent
7whqYiCa4zg-00320-00071488-00071703 portion of the year due to injury trey
7whqYiCa4zg-00321-00071704-00071871 sherman due to injury
7whqYiCa4zg-00322-00071872-00072094 and being in the doghouse
7whqYiCa4zg-00323-00072095-00072287 bat
7whqYiCa4zg-00324-00072288-00072567 you do have a currently healthy group of
7whqYiCa4zg-00325-00072568-00072847 alternate rbc options
7whqYiCa4zg-00326-00072848-00073055 so elijah mitchell is in that category
7whqYiCa4zg-00327-00073056-00073335 like elijah mitchell jk dobbins
7whqYiCa4zg-00328-00073336-00073591 who are you drafting
7whqYiCa4zg-00329-00073592-00073767 you know how do you feel about those two
7whqYiCa4zg-00330-00073768-00073862 guys
7whqYiCa4zg-00331-00073863-00074015 comparatively are you more confident
7whqYiCa4zg-00332-00074016-00074231 that mitchell will have success yeah i
7whqYiCa4zg-00333-00074232-00074519 mean i i think they're they're uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00334-00074520-00074750 in the same tier of player i would
7whqYiCa4zg-00335-00074751-00074911 rather draft eliza mitchell because i
7whqYiCa4zg-00336-00074912-00075079 care about getting off to a strong start
7whqYiCa4zg-00337-00075080-00075255 for talking about home leagues being
7whqYiCa4zg-00338-00075256-00075494 able to uh you know make transactions
7whqYiCa4zg-00339-00075495-00075615 make moves
7whqYiCa4zg-00340-00075616-00075759 i think elijah mitchell does start week
7whqYiCa4zg-00341-00075760-00075975 one i think he's a fine play weak one
7whqYiCa4zg-00342-00075976-00076159 this isn't you know he he has a
7whqYiCa4zg-00343-00076160-00076350 hamstring issue he's dealing with he's
7whqYiCa4zg-00344-00076351-00076671 on track this isn't recovering from a
7whqYiCa4zg-00345-00076672-00076838 really intense
7whqYiCa4zg-00346-00076839-00077175 acl uh an extra ligaments knee surgery
7whqYiCa4zg-00347-00077176-00077367 that he's been gone forever this is you
7whqYiCa4zg-00348-00077368-00077535 know we've we've seen plenty of players
7whqYiCa4zg-00349-00077536-00077791 have a hamstring get ready and and go
7whqYiCa4zg-00350-00077792-00078006 that being said i doubt a full workload
7whqYiCa4zg-00351-00078007-00078303 his risk is his risk rating in the udk
7whqYiCa4zg-00352-00078304-00078535 is high because that's all that was his
7whqYiCa4zg-00353-00078536-00078655 problem last year just being able to
7whqYiCa4zg-00354-00078656-00078791 stay on the field
7whqYiCa4zg-00355-00078792-00079103 we had a report from uh pff this morning
7whqYiCa4zg-00356-00079104-00079279 multiple league sources identifying
7whqYiCa4zg-00357-00079280-00079487 daryl williams in arizona as a potential
7whqYiCa4zg-00358-00079488-00079726 surprise cut or trade
7whqYiCa4zg-00359-00079727-00079950 he was signed this offseason the team
7whqYiCa4zg-00360-00079951-00080206 seems enamored with eno benjamin and and
7whqYiCa4zg-00361-00080207-00080399 jonathan ward
7whqYiCa4zg-00362-00080400-00080503 so
7whqYiCa4zg-00363-00080504-00080782 they also drafted chianti ingram so you
7whqYiCa4zg-00364-00080783-00081015 do have kind of a
7whqYiCa4zg-00365-00081016-00081167 maybe they just like the other players
7whqYiCa4zg-00366-00081168-00081350 they have in the in the running back
7whqYiCa4zg-00367-00081351-00081487 room more than daryl williams the
7whqYiCa4zg-00368-00081488-00081735 newcomer
7whqYiCa4zg-00369-00081736-00081982 we have had eno kind of as that
7whqYiCa4zg-00370-00081983-00082191 james connor insurance policy for a few
7whqYiCa4zg-00371-00082192-00082311 weeks now
7whqYiCa4zg-00372-00082312-00082518 it's just trending that direction yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00373-00082519-00082735 yeah the the things that uh cliff
7whqYiCa4zg-00374-00082736-00082855 kingsbury has said about you know
7whqYiCa4zg-00375-00082856-00083062 benjamin the things other players have
7whqYiCa4zg-00376-00083063-00083215 said about him about
7whqYiCa4zg-00377-00083216-00083391 other players talking about how eno was
7whqYiCa4zg-00378-00083392-00083631 in the doghouse uh last year that he
7whqYiCa4zg-00379-00083632-00083767 didn't study hard enough didn't work
7whqYiCa4zg-00380-00083768-00083926 hard enough and now cliff saying he's a
7whqYiCa4zg-00381-00083927-00084103 completely different player he looks
7whqYiCa4zg-00382-00084104-00084415 great um he's working hard so eno's got
7whqYiCa4zg-00383-00084416-00084582 the role right now is what it appears to
7whqYiCa4zg-00384-00084583-00084831 be they also traded for cody ford from
7whqYiCa4zg-00385-00084832-00085031 buffalo to strengthen the offensive line
7whqYiCa4zg-00386-00085032-00085126 i
7whqYiCa4zg-00387-00085127-00085350 don't think james connor can hold up the
7whqYiCa4zg-00388-00085351-00085471 whole season
7whqYiCa4zg-00389-00085472-00085687 to a massive workload
7whqYiCa4zg-00390-00085688-00085847 so it's going to be a little bit of like
7whqYiCa4zg-00391-00085848-00086079 if they do it if they give conor
7whqYiCa4zg-00392-00086080-00086182 everything
7whqYiCa4zg-00393-00086183-00086350 it may be a wonderful ride for a little
7whqYiCa4zg-00394-00086351-00086455 while
7whqYiCa4zg-00395-00086456-00086638 but i think they will try to share the
7whqYiCa4zg-00396-00086639-00086935 load and and take some
7whqYiCa4zg-00397-00086936-00087182 you know snaps away yeah hopefully it
7whqYiCa4zg-00398-00087183-00087431 can uh it can come like dalvin cook's
7whqYiCa4zg-00399-00087432-00087582 injuries come which is like you know
7whqYiCa4zg-00400-00087583-00087703 he's gonna miss two games during the
7whqYiCa4zg-00401-00087704-00087838 year but then when he gets back it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00402-00087839-00088111 just right back to just full workload
7whqYiCa4zg-00403-00088112-00088294 and then uh the athletic talking you
7whqYiCa4zg-00404-00088295-00088503 know speaking of insurance running backs
7whqYiCa4zg-00405-00088504-00088687 dontrell hilliard clearly the second
7whqYiCa4zg-00406-00088688-00088926 best back on the titans roster so they
7whqYiCa4zg-00407-00088927-00089167 had drafted hassan haskins
7whqYiCa4zg-00408-00089168-00089535 it's hilliard right now if you want to
7whqYiCa4zg-00409-00089536-00089735 you know
7whqYiCa4zg-00410-00089736-00089911 if you draft derek henry like i said i'd
7whqYiCa4zg-00411-00089912-00090103 take him at three and i did that today
7whqYiCa4zg-00412-00090104-00090287 we have a family league that just
7whqYiCa4zg-00413-00090288-00090518 started a draft i had the number three
7whqYiCa4zg-00414-00090519-00090623 pick
7whqYiCa4zg-00415-00090624-00091015 and um i took i took derek henry
7whqYiCa4zg-00416-00091016-00091262 i don't mind you trying to
7whqYiCa4zg-00417-00091263-00091494 kind of protect that early investment on
7whqYiCa4zg-00418-00091495-00091735 an older back that was heard
7whqYiCa4zg-00419-00091736-00092006 with the last pick of your draft but
7whqYiCa4zg-00420-00092007-00092215 i'm not expecting hillary to be
7whqYiCa4zg-00421-00092216-00092438 like if henry misses a long amount of
7whqYiCa4zg-00422-00092439-00092550 time there's going to be more backs
7whqYiCa4zg-00423-00092551-00092767 involved right to me
7whqYiCa4zg-00424-00092768-00093031 i'm not drafting don trell hilliard if
7whqYiCa4zg-00425-00093032-00093231 maybe you're in a very deep league you
7whqYiCa4zg-00426-00093232-00093447 got i don't know you know eight bench
7whqYiCa4zg-00427-00093448-00093567 spots or
7whqYiCa4zg-00428-00093568-00093735 something like that where he's just a
7whqYiCa4zg-00429-00093736-00093911 lot of the players are gonna be gone
7whqYiCa4zg-00430-00093912-00094047 then
7whqYiCa4zg-00431-00094048-00094343 maybe i will consider adding him i think
7whqYiCa4zg-00432-00094344-00094591 this is just news it's good news for us
7whqYiCa4zg-00433-00094592-00094679 for
7whqYiCa4zg-00434-00094680-00094967 heading into a waiver week if derek
7whqYiCa4zg-00435-00094968-00095159 henry is to miss time
7whqYiCa4zg-00436-00095160-00095453 all right into the sleepers we go
7whqYiCa4zg-00437-00095454-00095735 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00438-00095736-00095882 sleepers
7whqYiCa4zg-00439-00095883-00096028 [Applause]
7whqYiCa4zg-00440-00096029-00096199 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00441-00096200-00096343 i should remind people if you need a
7whqYiCa4zg-00442-00096344-00096499 trophy for your league go to
7whqYiCa4zg-00443-00096500-00096687 fantasychamps.com by the way if you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00444-00096688-00096831 starting up a league you need a trophy
7whqYiCa4zg-00445-00096832-00097006 you want to hand it out to the winner or
7whqYiCa4zg-00446-00097007-00097238 yourself when you win
7whqYiCa4zg-00447-00097239-00097550 uh head over there
7whqYiCa4zg-00448-00097551-00097750 i'm not going to go first this time
7whqYiCa4zg-00449-00097751-00098015 ooh i went first yesterday so i will let
7whqYiCa4zg-00450-00098016-00098174 somebody else take the floor i don't
7whqYiCa4zg-00451-00098175-00098318 know which one of you i'll jump in here
7whqYiCa4zg-00452-00098319-00098559 i'm sure you both have jets but go on
7whqYiCa4zg-00453-00098560-00099062 uh yes actually uh corey davis
7whqYiCa4zg-00454-00099063-00099150 uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00455-00099151-00099303 it's kenneth gainwell running back from
7whqYiCa4zg-00456-00099304-00099431 the philadelphia eagles we've been
7whqYiCa4zg-00457-00099432-00099559 talking about him a little bit over the
7whqYiCa4zg-00458-00099560-00099782 past week or so
7whqYiCa4zg-00459-00099783-00099974 uh currently going if you're in your
7whqYiCa4zg-00460-00099975-00100135 home leagues on sleeper in about the
7whqYiCa4zg-00461-00100136-00100279 13th round
7whqYiCa4zg-00462-00100280-00100503 and best ball 11th round over on
7whqYiCa4zg-00463-00100504-00100774 underdog so i mean no one is clamoring
7whqYiCa4zg-00464-00100775-00101150 for for kenneth gainwell possibly the
7whqYiCa4zg-00465-00101151-00101350 true kenny g we shall
7whqYiCa4zg-00466-00101351-00101606 see time time will tell us that
7whqYiCa4zg-00467-00101607-00101806 the problem with kenneth gamewell four
7whqYiCa4zg-00468-00101807-00101982 when he was a rookie he was a fifth
7whqYiCa4zg-00469-00101983-00102167 rounder this past year it was
7whqYiCa4zg-00470-00102168-00102311 disappointing
7whqYiCa4zg-00471-00102312-00102606 based off of the prospect he was a
7whqYiCa4zg-00472-00102607-00102839 really exciting player in uh back at
7whqYiCa4zg-00473-00102840-00103071 memphis you know he was the guy that
7whqYiCa4zg-00474-00103072-00103430 kept antonio gibson off the field uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00475-00103431-00103566 and so it was you know we had some
7whqYiCa4zg-00476-00103567-00103751 excitement for it for him to come in and
7whqYiCa4zg-00477-00103752-00103975 be a rookie running back
7whqYiCa4zg-00478-00103976-00104158 the fifth day or the fifth round was was
7whqYiCa4zg-00479-00104159-00104351 some cold water on that but then he
7whqYiCa4zg-00480-00104352-00104494 comes in
7whqYiCa4zg-00481-00104495-00104799 and he is was a lot better than we
7whqYiCa4zg-00482-00104800-00104975 remember
7whqYiCa4zg-00483-00104976-00105302 last year he saw 50 uh he excelled as a
7whqYiCa4zg-00484-00105303-00105623 pass catcher seeing 50 targets one of 25
7whqYiCa4zg-00485-00105624-00105831 rookie beck's rookie running backs over
7whqYiCa4zg-00486-00105832-00105975 the last decade to hit that mark
7whqYiCa4zg-00487-00105976-00106254 targeted on over 24 of his routes like
7whqYiCa4zg-00488-00106255-00106463 that's an outrageous number that was
7whqYiCa4zg-00489-00106464-00106647 sixth best among the running back
7whqYiCa4zg-00490-00106648-00106966 position he took that third down roll
7whqYiCa4zg-00491-00106967-00107183 the eagles yes it was a running back by
7whqYiCa4zg-00492-00107183-00107286 committee
7whqYiCa4zg-00493-00107288-00107486 but kenneth gamewell really i think
7whqYiCa4zg-00494-00107488-00107678 proved to this team
7whqYiCa4zg-00495-00107679-00107966 that he should see more opportunities
7whqYiCa4zg-00496-00107967-00108183 and now we have miles sanders who has a
7whqYiCa4zg-00497-00108183-00108375 history of being injured
7whqYiCa4zg-00498-00108376-00108478 still
7whqYiCa4zg-00499-00108479-00108631 still missing time because of a
7whqYiCa4zg-00500-00108632-00108871 hamstring injury this is like we are
7whqYiCa4zg-00501-00108872-00109015 approaching
7whqYiCa4zg-00502-00109016-00109319 red alert to me for miles sanders of you
7whqYiCa4zg-00503-00109320-00109551 gotta move him that includes today yes
7whqYiCa4zg-00504-00109552-00109719 yeah he's missing practice again today
7whqYiCa4zg-00505-00109720-00109878 because the hamstring you gotta move him
7whqYiCa4zg-00506-00109879-00110031 down the draft board
7whqYiCa4zg-00507-00110032-00110231 uh kenneth gamewell showed that true
7whqYiCa4zg-00508-00110232-00110407 upside where
7whqYiCa4zg-00509-00110408-00110599 where is he on the depth chart
7whqYiCa4zg-00510-00110600-00110919 who knows but he had three top 12 weeks
7whqYiCa4zg-00511-00110920-00111102 last year that was as many as damien
7whqYiCa4zg-00512-00111103-00111334 harris damien harris and javonte
7whqYiCa4zg-00513-00111335-00111678 williams like he is a good player
7whqYiCa4zg-00514-00111679-00111863 ninth among qualified running backs and
7whqYiCa4zg-00515-00111864-00112119 broken tackle rate he is shifty should
7whqYiCa4zg-00516-00112120-00112327 he see an uptick in opportunity this
7whqYiCa4zg-00517-00112328-00112519 year which
7whqYiCa4zg-00518-00112520-00112702 it could it could end up being boston
7whqYiCa4zg-00519-00112703-00112910 scott absolutely i'm not arguing with
7whqYiCa4zg-00520-00112911-00113199 that but we are talking great scott
7whqYiCa4zg-00521-00113200-00113447 is that for boss okay scott all right
7whqYiCa4zg-00522-00113448-00113727 yeah yeah okay al flecks and his muscles
7whqYiCa4zg-00523-00113728-00113934 back there he's he's quick twitch on
7whqYiCa4zg-00524-00113935-00114110 yeah on the drops
7whqYiCa4zg-00525-00114111-00114343 it could be boston scott but we're
7whqYiCa4zg-00526-00114344-00114502 talking about sleepers here guys in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00527-00114503-00114758 very very late rounds if it is actually
7whqYiCa4zg-00528-00114759-00114902 kenneth gainwell
7whqYiCa4zg-00529-00114903-00115239 i think he's going to be a stud like a a
7whqYiCa4zg-00530-00115240-00115478 top 24 finish for kenneth gainwell would
7whqYiCa4zg-00531-00115479-00115710 not surprise me in the least for a team
7whqYiCa4zg-00532-00115711-00115958 that had the highest rush rate in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00533-00115959-00116239 nfl 51 percent of the time very run
7whqYiCa4zg-00534-00116240-00116358 heavy
7whqYiCa4zg-00535-00116359-00116583 and he's a good player so in the 13th
7whqYiCa4zg-00536-00116583-00116702 round
7whqYiCa4zg-00537-00116703-00116854 it's hard to find someone with the
7whqYiCa4zg-00538-00116855-00117054 upside at the running back position who
7whqYiCa4zg-00539-00117055-00117247 is already in line for opportunity
7whqYiCa4zg-00540-00117248-00117390 doesn't need
7whqYiCa4zg-00541-00117391-00117590 you know things to just completely break
7whqYiCa4zg-00542-00117591-00117790 right around him he he will be in there
7whqYiCa4zg-00543-00117791-00118063 week one getting things done so kenneth
7whqYiCa4zg-00544-00118064-00118207 gainewell yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00545-00118208-00118423 if this team ends up passing more i mean
7whqYiCa4zg-00546-00118424-00118543 obviously he's a running back and
7whqYiCa4zg-00547-00118544-00118719 there's a team that ran a lot last year
7whqYiCa4zg-00548-00118720-00118927 but if they pass more i think that bodes
7whqYiCa4zg-00549-00118928-00119151 well for kenny gainwell versus boston
7whqYiCa4zg-00550-00119152-00119239 scott
7whqYiCa4zg-00551-00119240-00119471 because kenny gainwell is a very very
7whqYiCa4zg-00552-00119472-00119734 very good pass catcher and going into
7whqYiCa4zg-00553-00119735-00119839 year two
7whqYiCa4zg-00554-00119840-00120175 he profiles to be the type of back that
7whqYiCa4zg-00555-00120176-00120366 we want i do like that i worry about
7whqYiCa4zg-00556-00120367-00120510 boss and scott
7whqYiCa4zg-00557-00120511-00120758 they give him so much run i just i i
7whqYiCa4zg-00558-00120759-00120878 like boss scott i don't think boss
7whqYiCa4zg-00559-00120879-00121119 scott's a bad player but it's like let
7whqYiCa4zg-00560-00121120-00121390 your best players shine
7whqYiCa4zg-00561-00121391-00121599 well they think he is i think he is the
7whqYiCa4zg-00562-00121600-00121719 best player
7whqYiCa4zg-00563-00121720-00121919 the rational coaching every sleeper on
7whqYiCa4zg-00564-00121920-00122071 this show is going to come with a
7whqYiCa4zg-00565-00122072-00122231 thousand ifs i mean that's what makes
7whqYiCa4zg-00566-00122232-00122510 them a sleeper yes it's the ifs aren't
7whqYiCa4zg-00567-00122511-00122671 answered that's why they aren't being
7whqYiCa4zg-00568-00122672-00122919 drafted it it's just
7whqYiCa4zg-00569-00122920-00123071 if they do happen
7whqYiCa4zg-00570-00123072-00123271 you're in a good situation
7whqYiCa4zg-00571-00123272-00123471 uh the sleeper i'll bring up undrafted
7whqYiCa4zg-00572-00123472-00123823 in most leagues the chosen one dale
7whqYiCa4zg-00573-00123824-00124190 wandale robinson new york giants wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00574-00124191-00124334 receiver
7whqYiCa4zg-00575-00124335-00124527 uh this was a player used as a jack of
7whqYiCa4zg-00576-00124528-00124734 all trades as a hybrid running back wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00577-00124735-00124919 receiver at nebraska
7whqYiCa4zg-00578-00124920-00125031 um
7whqYiCa4zg-00579-00125032-00125231 you don't we haven't been able to say a
7whqYiCa4zg-00580-00125232-00125423 lot of good things about the giants wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00581-00125424-00125583 receiver room other than they're paid
7whqYiCa4zg-00582-00125583-00125814 the most in football
7whqYiCa4zg-00583-00125815-00126095 but he transferred to kentucky
7whqYiCa4zg-00584-00126096-00126254 he was used in the slot which is what
7whqYiCa4zg-00585-00126255-00126486 they're going to do in new york
7whqYiCa4zg-00586-00126488-00126823 and he dominated at the sec in the sec i
7whqYiCa4zg-00587-00126824-00127086 mean he had 100 plus receptions 1300
7whqYiCa4zg-00588-00127088-00127327 yards seven receiving touchdowns
7whqYiCa4zg-00589-00127328-00127519 um set the kentucky school record for
7whqYiCa4zg-00590-00127520-00127783 single season receiving yards
7whqYiCa4zg-00591-00127783-00127999 this is a player that i think shocked
7whqYiCa4zg-00592-00128000-00128151 people he went ahead of george pickens
7whqYiCa4zg-00593-00128152-00128399 he went ahead of skye moore uh he's five
7whqYiCa4zg-00594-00128400-00128663 eight one seventy eight but
7whqYiCa4zg-00595-00128664-00128823 none of this would matter to me if brian
7whqYiCa4zg-00596-00128824-00129014 dable hadn't
7whqYiCa4zg-00597-00129015-00129223 you know joined the staff as the head
7whqYiCa4zg-00598-00129224-00129551 coach instituted a new offense and then
7whqYiCa4zg-00599-00129552-00129734 hand-picked
7whqYiCa4zg-00600-00129735-00130054 juan dale robinson to come in and
7whqYiCa4zg-00601-00130055-00130271 play a significant role on this offense
7whqYiCa4zg-00602-00130272-00130454 he has already locked up the slot
7whqYiCa4zg-00603-00130455-00130623 receiving position
7whqYiCa4zg-00604-00130624-00130934 it's actually very entertaining uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00605-00130935-00131054 to watch
7whqYiCa4zg-00606-00131055-00131223 him run routes
7whqYiCa4zg-00607-00131224-00131375 and then kenny g run rounds i don't know
7whqYiCa4zg-00608-00131376-00131590 if you saw this video oh yeah where they
7whqYiCa4zg-00609-00131591-00131766 were going through the the route tree
7whqYiCa4zg-00610-00131767-00131943 and just running routes you know in
7whqYiCa4zg-00611-00131944-00132054 practice
7whqYiCa4zg-00612-00132055-00132271 and kenny g couldn't have seemed like he
7whqYiCa4zg-00613-00132272-00132447 cared less to be out there well he
7whqYiCa4zg-00614-00132448-00132695 looked like he was weighed down by
7whqYiCa4zg-00615-00132696-00132887 all the money yeah that he's just
7whqYiCa4zg-00616-00132888-00133071 carrying his socks his shoes they're
7whqYiCa4zg-00617-00133072-00133423 full of coins he asked for it in coins
7whqYiCa4zg-00618-00133424-00133719 but wandale just looks like he is locked
7whqYiCa4zg-00619-00133720-00134031 and loaded as a starter
7whqYiCa4zg-00620-00134032-00134351 and as a player that this regime picked
7whqYiCa4zg-00621-00134352-00134463 um
7whqYiCa4zg-00622-00134464-00134631 you're basically you're getting him for
7whqYiCa4zg-00623-00134632-00134814 free or he's his adp is like wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00624-00134815-00135047 receiver 73 right now
7whqYiCa4zg-00625-00135048-00135166 um
7whqYiCa4zg-00626-00135167-00135311 he's going to get a ton of targets in
7whqYiCa4zg-00627-00135312-00135502 the slot he's going to be in the at
7whqYiCa4zg-00628-00135503-00135727 worst in the 40s at the wide receiver
7whqYiCa4zg-00629-00135728-00135839 position
7whqYiCa4zg-00630-00135840-00136054 with upside i mean cadarius tony hasn't
7whqYiCa4zg-00631-00136055-00136183 been able to stay on the field kenny
7whqYiCa4zg-00632-00136184-00136311 golody hasn't been able to stay on the
7whqYiCa4zg-00633-00136312-00136502 field sterling shepard is injured and
7whqYiCa4zg-00634-00136503-00136727 not going to get onto the field
7whqYiCa4zg-00635-00136728-00136895 so
7whqYiCa4zg-00636-00136896-00137039 to me this is like you could get a
7whqYiCa4zg-00637-00137040-00137287 rookie jarvis landry type of season
7whqYiCa4zg-00638-00137288-00137431 or you know you've seen slot wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00639-00137432-00137543 receivers jaylen waddle have a
7whqYiCa4zg-00640-00137544-00137751 successful rookie year
7whqYiCa4zg-00641-00137752-00137999 wandel has some upside and he's a free
7whqYiCa4zg-00642-00138000-00138239 shot and he's a rookie and these rookies
7whqYiCa4zg-00643-00138240-00138439 outperform their adp the thing i would
7whqYiCa4zg-00644-00138440-00138719 point to is cole beasley like cole
7whqYiCa4zg-00645-00138720-00138854 beasley
7whqYiCa4zg-00646-00138855-00139047 uh when he went to buffalo i mean he was
7whqYiCa4zg-00647-00139048-00139327 already you know quite old for a wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00648-00139328-00139590 receiver and then brian dable who was
7whqYiCa4zg-00649-00139591-00139799 the the offensive coordinate coordinator
7whqYiCa4zg-00650-00139800-00140111 there back from 2018
7whqYiCa4zg-00651-00140112-00140566 and cole beasley 2019 104 targets 2020
7whqYiCa4zg-00652-00140567-00140759 107 targets
7whqYiCa4zg-00653-00140760-00140871 last year
7whqYiCa4zg-00654-00140872-00140999 because it
7whqYiCa4zg-00655-00141000-00141166 like i guess the efficiency just
7whqYiCa4zg-00656-00141167-00141327 completely melted away probably because
7whqYiCa4zg-00657-00141328-00141647 cole beasley just he's passed his prime
7whqYiCa4zg-00658-00141648-00141983 112 targets do you people remember that
7whqYiCa4zg-00659-00141984-00142302 cole beasley had 112 targets last year
7whqYiCa4zg-00660-00142303-00142383 like
7whqYiCa4zg-00661-00142384-00142671 this the part of the offense part of the
7whqYiCa4zg-00662-00142672-00142966 table offense runs through the slot wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00663-00142967-00143287 receiver and i am in on this pick all
7whqYiCa4zg-00664-00143288-00143487 right let's uh take a quick break and
7whqYiCa4zg-00665-00143488-00144526 come back with jason sleeper pick
7whqYiCa4zg-00666-00144527-00144687 mr moore
7whqYiCa4zg-00667-00144688-00145007 well i certainly remember cole beasley's
7whqYiCa4zg-00668-00145008-00145278 target counts because my sleeper that
7whqYiCa4zg-00669-00145279-00145575 i'm bringing up is isaiah mckenzie and
7whqYiCa4zg-00670-00145576-00145831 i'm in on this one the replacement for
7whqYiCa4zg-00671-00145832-00146087 cole beasley um this one is near and
7whqYiCa4zg-00672-00146088-00146287 dear to my heart last year during the
7whqYiCa4zg-00673-00146288-00146614 dfs season when cole beasley was out
7whqYiCa4zg-00674-00146615-00146823 isaiah mckenzie was a guy who stepped up
7whqYiCa4zg-00675-00146824-00147039 won people some money and had an
7whqYiCa4zg-00676-00147040-00147247 unbelievable performance now isaiah
7whqYiCa4zg-00677-00147248-00147414 mckenzie is a really
7whqYiCa4zg-00678-00147415-00147502 uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00679-00147503-00147671 twitchy you know he's one of those
7whqYiCa4zg-00680-00147672-00147878 jitterbug jitterbug guys that just
7whqYiCa4zg-00681-00147879-00147975 really
7whqYiCa4zg-00682-00147976-00148463 debug
7whqYiCa4zg-00683-00148464-00148639 he's one of those guys that really
7whqYiCa4zg-00684-00148640-00148814 lights the field on fire with how quick
7whqYiCa4zg-00685-00148815-00149054 he is but he's been a special teams guy
7whqYiCa4zg-00686-00149055-00149239 and when they resigned him this
7whqYiCa4zg-00687-00149240-00149351 offseason
7whqYiCa4zg-00688-00149352-00149631 i assumed that his role was going to
7whqYiCa4zg-00689-00149632-00149799 predominantly be that and they brought
7whqYiCa4zg-00690-00149800-00150175 in jameson crowder to man the slot
7whqYiCa4zg-00691-00150176-00150287 but
7whqYiCa4zg-00692-00150288-00150559 if isaiah mckenzie gets that opportunity
7whqYiCa4zg-00693-00150560-00150799 we have seen over the last two years two
7whqYiCa4zg-00694-00150800-00151039 games where cole beasley missed he
7whqYiCa4zg-00695-00151040-00151326 missed one game each season here are
7whqYiCa4zg-00696-00151327-00151583 these stat lines when isaiah mckenzie
7whqYiCa4zg-00697-00151584-00151807 filled in for cole beasley in those
7whqYiCa4zg-00698-00151808-00152031 roles granted super small sample size
7whqYiCa4zg-00699-00152032-00152231 but both games he was unbelievable last
7whqYiCa4zg-00700-00152232-00152311 year
7whqYiCa4zg-00701-00152312-00152726 12 targets 11 catches 125 yards and a
7whqYiCa4zg-00702-00152727-00153023 touchdown two years ago he came in nine
7whqYiCa4zg-00703-00153024-00153454 targets six for 65 and two touchdowns
7whqYiCa4zg-00704-00153455-00153671 both times he was a top six fantasy
7whqYiCa4zg-00705-00153672-00153951 option on the week in this offense in
7whqYiCa4zg-00706-00153952-00154254 this role if he gets it well
7whqYiCa4zg-00707-00154255-00154495 he's got it that's a done deal basically
7whqYiCa4zg-00708-00154496-00154814 i mean he's been the star of camp
7whqYiCa4zg-00709-00154815-00155047 if you look at the preseason games when
7whqYiCa4zg-00710-00155048-00155271 the starters were out there in week two
7whqYiCa4zg-00711-00155272-00155495 mckinsey played every single snap and 11
7whqYiCa4zg-00712-00155496-00155671 personnel with the starters
7whqYiCa4zg-00713-00155672-00155943 this is his role he is
7whqYiCa4zg-00714-00155944-00156175 five years younger than cole beasley far
7whqYiCa4zg-00715-00156176-00156383 more athletic and and you know the the
7whqYiCa4zg-00716-00156384-00156583 knock on him is you know he's five eight
7whqYiCa4zg-00717-00156584-00156839 one seventy three he's a smaller guy
7whqYiCa4zg-00718-00156840-00157111 gold beast was 5 8 174. like they're the
7whqYiCa4zg-00719-00157112-00157390 same size he's just a newer more
7whqYiCa4zg-00720-00157391-00157671 electric version and now that it appears
7whqYiCa4zg-00721-00157672-00157926 very clear that he has got this role i
7whqYiCa4zg-00722-00157927-00158143 mean the roll has a lot of targets
7whqYiCa4zg-00723-00158144-00158231 coming
7whqYiCa4zg-00724-00158232-00158447 you just brought up cole beasley 2019
7whqYiCa4zg-00725-00158448-00158671 the ninth most slot targets in the nfl
7whqYiCa4zg-00726-00158672-00158943 2020 the third most slot targets in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00727-00158944-00159383 nfl 2021 the second most slot targets in
7whqYiCa4zg-00728-00159384-00159671 the nfl the uh nfl leaders and slot
7whqYiCa4zg-00729-00159672-00159831 targets over the last three years cooper
7whqYiCa4zg-00730-00159832-00159983 cup tyler boyd
7whqYiCa4zg-00731-00159984-00160166 cole beasley number three so there's a
7whqYiCa4zg-00732-00160167-00160375 role where you've got a lot of targets
7whqYiCa4zg-00733-00160376-00160519 there's new player with a lot of
7whqYiCa4zg-00734-00160520-00160751 athleticism on a great offense i think
7whqYiCa4zg-00735-00160752-00160999 it's an upgrade over 33 year old version
7whqYiCa4zg-00736-00161000-00161190 of cole beasley how does that work with
7whqYiCa4zg-00737-00161191-00161366 your thoughts that james cook and the
7whqYiCa4zg-00738-00161367-00161511 running game is going to get a bunch of
7whqYiCa4zg-00739-00161512-00161719 those targets that were beasley's so
7whqYiCa4zg-00740-00161720-00161935 here's why i mean if if you're if you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00741-00161936-00162095 wondering you're like oh he likes james
7whqYiCa4zg-00742-00162096-00162383 cook oh his my guy is gabe davis he's in
7whqYiCa4zg-00743-00162384-00162607 on the bills i'm in on the bills passing
7whqYiCa4zg-00744-00162608-00162902 game because i think that this is a team
7whqYiCa4zg-00745-00162903-00163119 with a head coach that could break
7whqYiCa4zg-00746-00163120-00163302 records in passing i think they could
7whqYiCa4zg-00747-00163303-00163566 come out and throw the ball 75-80
7whqYiCa4zg-00748-00163567-00163759 percent of the time like th this they
7whqYiCa4zg-00749-00163760-00164031 are going to use josh allen and his
7whqYiCa4zg-00750-00164032-00164199 strengths and they're going to test the
7whqYiCa4zg-00751-00164200-00164526 boundaries of modern nfl that's like my
7whqYiCa4zg-00752-00164527-00164783 view of the 2022 buffalo bills and if
7whqYiCa4zg-00753-00164784-00164911 they do
7whqYiCa4zg-00754-00164912-00165054 test those boundaries push those
7whqYiCa4zg-00755-00165055-00165231 boundaries pass more than any teams ever
7whqYiCa4zg-00756-00165232-00165431 passed before or get close to that as
7whqYiCa4zg-00757-00165432-00165543 far as like
7whqYiCa4zg-00758-00165544-00165863 neutral game passing script type of uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00759-00165864-00165975 metrics
7whqYiCa4zg-00760-00165976-00166175 i mean you're going to have so many
7whqYiCa4zg-00761-00166176-00166414 extra counting snaps for this team it
7whqYiCa4zg-00762-00166415-00166631 will it will honestly be like you get
7whqYiCa4zg-00763-00166632-00166959 extra games in a season over certain slo
7whqYiCa4zg-00764-00166960-00167126 what kind of snaps
7whqYiCa4zg-00765-00167127-00167311 what kind of snaps
7whqYiCa4zg-00766-00167312-00167566 neutral game passing oh okay yeah yes
7whqYiCa4zg-00767-00167567-00167790 yes so like what did you say counting oh
7whqYiCa4zg-00768-00167791-00167990 yes counting steps like you know the
7whqYiCa4zg-00769-00167991-00168143 basically the things that are for
7whqYiCa4zg-00770-00168144-00168351 fantasy football you get just number
7whqYiCa4zg-00771-00168352-00168671 based targets yards accumulation and i i
7whqYiCa4zg-00772-00168672-00168838 think that uh there will be enough to go
7whqYiCa4zg-00773-00168839-00169054 around here for all the receiving
7whqYiCa4zg-00774-00169055-00169311 options in this offense and he's he's
7whqYiCa4zg-00775-00169312-00169431 free i mean
7whqYiCa4zg-00776-00169432-00169654 isaiah mckenzie is going in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00777-00169655-00169935 12th round on underdog but in your home
7whqYiCa4zg-00778-00169936-00170119 leagues he's 16th round he's undrafted
7whqYiCa4zg-00779-00170120-00170335 he's your last pick it's funny because i
7whqYiCa4zg-00780-00170336-00170502 think if jamison crowder who they signed
7whqYiCa4zg-00781-00170503-00170678 to come in and
7whqYiCa4zg-00782-00170679-00170871 compete for that role if crowder had won
7whqYiCa4zg-00783-00170872-00171078 it and then played every starting snap i
7whqYiCa4zg-00784-00171079-00171231 think his draft position would be
7whqYiCa4zg-00785-00171232-00171366 significantly higher than isaiah
7whqYiCa4zg-00786-00171367-00171583 mckenzie's draft position
7whqYiCa4zg-00787-00171584-00171735 just due to the free agency name
7whqYiCa4zg-00788-00171736-00171902 familiarity all of that
7whqYiCa4zg-00789-00171903-00172214 uh some other bonus sleeper picks give
7whqYiCa4zg-00790-00172215-00172559 me a name and a sentence as to why
7whqYiCa4zg-00791-00172560-00172743 they might uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00792-00172744-00173038 emerge uh i'm gonna throw out like this
7whqYiCa4zg-00793-00173039-00173238 is this is a
7whqYiCa4zg-00794-00173239-00173566 deep deep sleeper but amir abdullah
7whqYiCa4zg-00795-00173567-00173790 yeah thank you from the abdullah express
7whqYiCa4zg-00796-00173791-00174031 yeah the abdul express wow i don't even
7whqYiCa4zg-00797-00174032-00174223 have that the best i've got for you is
7whqYiCa4zg-00798-00174224-00174454 like give me a train
7whqYiCa4zg-00799-00174455-00174711 all aboard look maybe we're finally
7whqYiCa4zg-00800-00174712-00175071 leaving the station it is it is possible
7whqYiCa4zg-00801-00175072-00175302 uh look at the las vegas raiders kenyon
7whqYiCa4zg-00802-00175303-00175519 drake was cut
7whqYiCa4zg-00803-00175520-00175799 the josh jacobs vibes are
7whqYiCa4zg-00804-00175800-00176023 bad you have mcdaniels coming in and we
7whqYiCa4zg-00805-00176024-00176126 know that
7whqYiCa4zg-00806-00176127-00176343 it that the running backs are going to
7whqYiCa4zg-00807-00176344-00176623 see targets who is it going to be he
7whqYiCa4zg-00808-00176624-00176807 they did bring brandon bolden over with
7whqYiCa4zg-00809-00176808-00176935 them so
7whqYiCa4zg-00810-00176936-00177135 it could be brandon boulder like that
7whqYiCa4zg-00811-00177136-00177335 exists and we haven't seen him in
7whqYiCa4zg-00812-00177336-00177478 pre-season
7whqYiCa4zg-00813-00177479-00177663 uh but we
7whqYiCa4zg-00814-00177664-00177838 the utilization in preseason of the
7whqYiCa4zg-00815-00177839-00178263 raiders has been very curious of like
7whqYiCa4zg-00816-00178264-00178423 you know especially josh jacobs in the
7whqYiCa4zg-00817-00178424-00178638 hall of fame game but amir abdullah in
7whqYiCa4zg-00818-00178639-00178975 that game looked fantastic uh could
7whqYiCa4zg-00819-00178976-00179254 really excel if if he earns the passing
7whqYiCa4zg-00820-00179255-00179423 role but by the end of the season
7whqYiCa4zg-00821-00179424-00179614 there's always players
7whqYiCa4zg-00822-00179615-00179790 like this that just
7whqYiCa4zg-00823-00179791-00179975 they jump into fantasy relevance and it
7whqYiCa4zg-00824-00179976-00180063 was
7whqYiCa4zg-00825-00180064-00180295 not the easiest to see it coming because
7whqYiCa4zg-00826-00180296-00180495 one it just it feels really gross it
7whqYiCa4zg-00827-00180496-00180711 feels gross to tout amir abdullah on
7whqYiCa4zg-00828-00180712-00180887 here but i think there's a chance that
7whqYiCa4zg-00829-00180888-00181047 he can emerge
7whqYiCa4zg-00830-00181048-00181278 it's a pretty long sentence yeah yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00831-00181279-00181511 it's longer than i expected since um i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-00832-00181512-00181838 gonna go with jahan dotson who is
7whqYiCa4zg-00833-00181839-00182102 i mean he is a guaranteed starter in two
7whqYiCa4zg-00834-00182103-00182319 wide receiver sets as a first-round
7whqYiCa4zg-00835-00182320-00182559 draft pick and nobody wants him because
7whqYiCa4zg-00836-00182560-00182735 of carson wentz he's running the same
7whqYiCa4zg-00837-00182736-00182926 routes that terry mclaren is running and
7whqYiCa4zg-00838-00182927-00183126 he's very talented to be fair jahan
7whqYiCa4zg-00839-00183127-00183231 dodson
7whqYiCa4zg-00840-00183232-00183423 doesn't want to be there
7whqYiCa4zg-00841-00183424-00183671 because of carson right right he's with
7whqYiCa4zg-00842-00183672-00183790 you
7whqYiCa4zg-00843-00183791-00183895 you just don't have harder choices
7whqYiCa4zg-00844-00183896-00184111 starter with carson wentz or
7whqYiCa4zg-00845-00184112-00184311 backup
7whqYiCa4zg-00846-00184312-00184583 with patrick mahomes
7whqYiCa4zg-00847-00184584-00184719 right that's the yeah that's a good
7whqYiCa4zg-00848-00184720-00184838 question if you're talking skye moore
7whqYiCa4zg-00849-00184839-00185078 versus johan dobson yeah like the
7whqYiCa4zg-00850-00185079-00185295 starter yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-00851-00185296-00185511 it's a matter of like do you want
7whqYiCa4zg-00852-00185512-00185647 the
7whqYiCa4zg-00853-00185648-00185895 sky more has much higher odds for
7whqYiCa4zg-00854-00185896-00185999 offensive rookie of the year because
7whqYiCa4zg-00855-00186000-00186159 he's on a good offense and if he breaks
7whqYiCa4zg-00856-00186160-00186311 out his ceiling is higher than johan
7whqYiCa4zg-00857-00186312-00186590 datsun but the reality is johan dotson
7whqYiCa4zg-00858-00186591-00186775 is far more guaranteed of being fantasy
7whqYiCa4zg-00859-00186776-00186983 relevant this year than skye moore it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00860-00186984-00187183 just a matter of his ceiling is capped
7whqYiCa4zg-00861-00187184-00187438 because of wins
7whqYiCa4zg-00862-00187439-00187687 or or maybe it's not i mean jayla wada
7whqYiCa4zg-00863-00187688-00187847 was great last year as a rookie elijah
7whqYiCa4zg-00864-00187848-00188071 moore was great in spurts with back up
7whqYiCa4zg-00865-00188072-00188263 quarterbacks on the jets
7whqYiCa4zg-00866-00188264-00188511 talent generally wins my
7whqYiCa4zg-00867-00188512-00188719 other sleeper name is kj hamler wide
7whqYiCa4zg-00868-00188720-00189038 receiver for the denver broncos sure
7whqYiCa4zg-00869-00189039-00189359 super talented pick not far off of jerry
7whqYiCa4zg-00870-00189360-00189454 judy
7whqYiCa4zg-00871-00189455-00189711 in the draft dealt with injuries no tim
7whqYiCa4zg-00872-00189712-00189999 patrick russ wilson likes himself a
7whqYiCa4zg-00873-00190000-00190223 downfield threat
7whqYiCa4zg-00874-00190224-00190359 so uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00875-00190360-00190583 those are some sleeper picks on today's
7whqYiCa4zg-00876-00190584-00190750 show we're going to jump into the
7whqYiCa4zg-00877-00190751-00190862 mailbag
7whqYiCa4zg-00878-00190863-00191047 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00879-00191048-00191502 mailbag
7whqYiCa4zg-00880-00191503-00191631 let's go
7whqYiCa4zg-00881-00191632-00191863 so frightening very excited for this uh
7whqYiCa4zg-00882-00191864-00191983 if you have a question for the show you
7whqYiCa4zg-00883-00191984-00192063 can go to the website
7whqYiCa4zg-00884-00192064-00192302 thefantasyfootballers.com
7whqYiCa4zg-00885-00192303-00192495 click the submit a question button or
7whqYiCa4zg-00886-00192496-00192719 dial our voicemail hotline
7whqYiCa4zg-00887-00192720-00193166 302 464 tffb another reminder join us
7whqYiCa4zg-00888-00193167-00193447 live on spotify live later today and we
7whqYiCa4zg-00889-00193448-00193583 will be answering questions there as
7whqYiCa4zg-00890-00193584-00193847 well ryan in san diego how early is too
7whqYiCa4zg-00891-00193848-00194159 early when drafting aj dillon
7whqYiCa4zg-00892-00194160-00194302 don't man
7whqYiCa4zg-00893-00194303-00194463 so
7whqYiCa4zg-00894-00194464-00194766 ppr league he's going in the sixth round
7whqYiCa4zg-00895-00194767-00194999 on over on sleeper
7whqYiCa4zg-00896-00195000-00195238 how early i think the fourth round is
7whqYiCa4zg-00897-00195239-00195390 probably too early because then you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00898-00195391-00195623 just the opportunity cost of sacrificing
7whqYiCa4zg-00899-00195624-00195766 the wide receivers
7whqYiCa4zg-00900-00195767-00196119 but the upside of aj dillon is
7whqYiCa4zg-00901-00196120-00196414 it's massive of what he could truly
7whqYiCa4zg-00902-00196415-00196631 become i mean he's going to split time
7whqYiCa4zg-00903-00196632-00196790 with aaron jones it's going to be i
7whqYiCa4zg-00904-00196791-00197031 think close to 50 50 if not them both
7whqYiCa4zg-00905-00197032-00197238 just on the field at the exact same time
7whqYiCa4zg-00906-00197239-00197511 for a lot of a lot of the game
7whqYiCa4zg-00907-00197512-00197743 aj dillon like
7whqYiCa4zg-00908-00197744-00197943 going back to his college profile you
7whqYiCa4zg-00909-00197944-00198166 know when doing all the combine metrics
7whqYiCa4zg-00910-00198167-00198575 and things he's six foot almost 250 and
7whqYiCa4zg-00911-00198576-00198663 his
7whqYiCa4zg-00912-00198664-00198975 athleticism profile
7whqYiCa4zg-00913-00198976-00199263 is very comparable to derek henry and
7whqYiCa4zg-00914-00199264-00199375 funny like
7whqYiCa4zg-00915-00199376-00199495 his
7whqYiCa4zg-00916-00199496-00199719 his career as a professional
7whqYiCa4zg-00917-00199720-00199959 is right now on on track with derek
7whqYiCa4zg-00918-00199960-00200087 henry of
7whqYiCa4zg-00919-00200088-00200278 uh second round pick kind of fell a
7whqYiCa4zg-00920-00200279-00200566 little bit in the draft behind a
7whqYiCa4zg-00921-00200567-00200790 a very talented starter derek henry
7whqYiCa4zg-00922-00200791-00200959 started his career behind demarco murray
7whqYiCa4zg-00923-00200960-00201119 and it took years for us to see derek
7whqYiCa4zg-00924-00201120-00201436 henry except aj dillon has better hands
7whqYiCa4zg-00925-00201437-00201838 [Music]
7whqYiCa4zg-00926-00201839-00202071 so i would just go if you want him in
7whqYiCa4zg-00927-00202072-00202247 the fifth round i think is fine to reach
7whqYiCa4zg-00928-00202248-00202431 there this is this is the best way to
7whqYiCa4zg-00929-00202432-00202687 answer this because andy you have aj
7whqYiCa4zg-00930-00202688-00202895 dylan as my guy you believe you are in
7whqYiCa4zg-00931-00202896-00203135 on aj dillon here are some players going
7whqYiCa4zg-00932-00203136-00203295 ahead of him because i think it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00933-00203296-00203526 less about what round and more about
7whqYiCa4zg-00934-00203527-00203783 where he cycles in would you take aj
7whqYiCa4zg-00935-00203784-00203983 dylan or elijah mitchell
7whqYiCa4zg-00936-00203984-00204207 dylan dylan jk dobbins
7whqYiCa4zg-00937-00204208-00204526 dylan dylan antonio gibson dylan josh
7whqYiCa4zg-00938-00204527-00204903 jacobs dylan travis etienne dylan dylan
7whqYiCa4zg-00939-00204904-00205103 who that's that's where i break
7whqYiCa4zg-00940-00205104-00205303 personally and that's between the four
7whqYiCa4zg-00941-00205304-00205582 and fifth round uh more good news on
7whqYiCa4zg-00942-00205583-00205831 james robinson again yeah i i read an
7whqYiCa4zg-00943-00205832-00206151 article from camp talking about him
7whqYiCa4zg-00944-00206152-00206351 getting his full workload back soon soon
7whqYiCa4zg-00945-00206352-00206614 enough aj dylan or bruce hall
7whqYiCa4zg-00946-00206615-00206710 dylan
7whqYiCa4zg-00947-00206711-00206990 i th probably dylan aj dylan or david
7whqYiCa4zg-00948-00206991-00207262 montgomery dylan i'll take dylan aj
7whqYiCa4zg-00949-00207263-00207503 dylan or cam akers dylan
7whqYiCa4zg-00950-00207504-00207798 so right now just on sleeper adp you're
7whqYiCa4zg-00951-00207800-00207990 yeah where where are we cam acres is
7whqYiCa4zg-00952-00207991-00208327 going 311 so you are at the back of the
7whqYiCa4zg-00953-00208328-00208558 third personally i was between that
7whqYiCa4zg-00954-00208559-00208742 fourth and fifth i i would take brees
7whqYiCa4zg-00955-00208744-00209110 and travis e tien uh over aj dillon but
7whqYiCa4zg-00956-00209111-00209262 most of those first guys that i name
7whqYiCa4zg-00957-00209263-00209462 that are going right ahead of aj dillon
7whqYiCa4zg-00958-00209463-00209742 i think dylan has uh a better range of
7whqYiCa4zg-00959-00209744-00209903 outcomes than them you always feel
7whqYiCa4zg-00960-00209904-00210167 nervous drafting the player
7whqYiCa4zg-00961-00210167-00210367 to fill a role that they haven't filled
7whqYiCa4zg-00962-00210367-00210646 in fantasy before that is that's part of
7whqYiCa4zg-00963-00210648-00210806 the challenge that's why his adp is
7whqYiCa4zg-00964-00210807-00211023 behind all those guys is a number of
7whqYiCa4zg-00965-00211023-00211151 them have
7whqYiCa4zg-00966-00211152-00211398 filled the role of like solid rb2 and
7whqYiCa4zg-00967-00211400-00211534 that's how that's how you have to view
7whqYiCa4zg-00968-00211535-00211775 aj dillon to me is like i'm very very
7whqYiCa4zg-00969-00211776-00211951 comfortable drafting him as my running
7whqYiCa4zg-00970-00211952-00212167 back to with upside yeah i mean it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00971-00212167-00212358 it's the arguments i was making for brie
7whqYiCa4zg-00972-00212359-00212551 saw yesterday unknowns
7whqYiCa4zg-00973-00212552-00212782 keep people down but unknowns aren't
7whqYiCa4zg-00974-00212783-00212975 no's they just are we haven't seen it
7whqYiCa4zg-00975-00212976-00213046 yet
7whqYiCa4zg-00976-00213048-00213294 yeah it's not on no
7whqYiCa4zg-00977-00213296-00213431 well said
7whqYiCa4zg-00978-00213432-00213615 wow um
7whqYiCa4zg-00979-00213616-00213846 and for the record like i wasn't
7whqYiCa4zg-00980-00213848-00213998 i mean you know this if you've listened
7whqYiCa4zg-00981-00214000-00214223 to the show like i was not a dylan
7whqYiCa4zg-00982-00214223-00214351 guy
7whqYiCa4zg-00983-00214352-00214519 for the rookie season right like at the
7whqYiCa4zg-00984-00214519-00214727 beginning like not based on talent it's
7whqYiCa4zg-00985-00214728-00214975 just that combination of opportunity
7whqYiCa4zg-00986-00214976-00215142 what you've seen on the field
7whqYiCa4zg-00987-00215144-00215303 you know it took some time to kind of be
7whqYiCa4zg-00988-00215304-00215446 in on that
7whqYiCa4zg-00989-00215448-00215582 um but
7whqYiCa4zg-00990-00215583-00215758 there's a lot of potential chase edmonds
7whqYiCa4zg-00991-00215759-00216006 or aj dillon my guy versus my guy jason
7whqYiCa4zg-00992-00216007-00216167 in a ppr league
7whqYiCa4zg-00993-00216167-00216310 do you have confidence that edmunds will
7whqYiCa4zg-00994-00216311-00216519 get enough work
7whqYiCa4zg-00995-00216519-00216719 or would you go dylan
7whqYiCa4zg-00996-00216719-00216879 that's actually really really
7whqYiCa4zg-00997-00216880-00217151 interesting um i
7whqYiCa4zg-00998-00217152-00217446 i think it depends on my build if i need
7whqYiCa4zg-00999-00217448-00217734 a player um you know i went really
7whqYiCa4zg-01000-00217735-00217934 really wide receiver heavy early and i
7whqYiCa4zg-01001-00217935-00218127 need a guy that i think is is more
7whqYiCa4zg-01002-00218128-00218310 likely to be a top 15 guy i like chase
7whqYiCa4zg-01003-00218311-00218527 edmonds more than aj dylan straight up
7whqYiCa4zg-01004-00218528-00218871 but uh aj dillon's sealing significantly
7whqYiCa4zg-01005-00218871-00219071 higher if he becomes the dude he's a
7whqYiCa4zg-01006-00219071-00219271 he's a league winner he's a top five guy
7whqYiCa4zg-01007-00219271-00219391 and
7whqYiCa4zg-01008-00219392-00219551 you never
7whqYiCa4zg-01009-00219552-00219767 take two players without taking into
7whqYiCa4zg-01010-00219767-00219934 account their average draft position i
7whqYiCa4zg-01011-00219935-00220206 mean sure you're gonna get chase edmonds
7whqYiCa4zg-01012-00220207-00220415 way later
7whqYiCa4zg-01013-00220416-00220734 instagram question can jason please read
7whqYiCa4zg-01014-00220735-00221031 a dad joke out of the book on his desk
7whqYiCa4zg-01015-00221032-00221167 we'll give you a moment while i asked
7whqYiCa4zg-01016-00221167-00221342 mike this question instagram
7whqYiCa4zg-01017-00221344-00221503 uh who do you think will be the
7whqYiCa4zg-01018-00221504-00221791 offensive rookie of the year right now
7whqYiCa4zg-01019-00221792-00222094 mike let me read you some of the
7whqYiCa4zg-01020-00222096-00222310 okay uh the odds-on favorites bruce
7whqYiCa4zg-01021-00222311-00222582 hall's at plus 850 kenny pickett at plus
7whqYiCa4zg-01022-00222583-00222703 900.
7whqYiCa4zg-01023-00222704-00222903 after that you have skymorrow and george
7whqYiCa4zg-01024-00222904-00223023 pickens
7whqYiCa4zg-01025-00223023-00223246 and chris olave
7whqYiCa4zg-01026-00223248-00223382 next up
7whqYiCa4zg-01027-00223383-00223663 romeo dobbs that plus eleven oh come on
7whqYiCa4zg-01028-00223664-00223871 people well dude we haven't talked about
7whqYiCa4zg-01029-00223871-00224087 oh the lunch romeo dobbs apparently
7whqYiCa4zg-01030-00224088-00224279 eating some lunch with aaron rodgers
7whqYiCa4zg-01031-00224280-00224503 where yes the the the foot clan has
7whqYiCa4zg-01032-00224504-00224646 asked
7whqYiCa4zg-01033-00224648-00225055 where in the uh the breakfast algorithm
7whqYiCa4zg-01034-00225056-00225239 breakfast is a much different thing man
7whqYiCa4zg-01035-00225240-00225471 okay lunch is just lunch
7whqYiCa4zg-01036-00225471-00225703 it's not as not as intimate no it's not
7whqYiCa4zg-01037-00225704-00225919 you don't have to get up for it
7whqYiCa4zg-01038-00225919-00226079 a little less effort
7whqYiCa4zg-01039-00226080-00226239 okay and i think yeah yeah you got to
7whqYiCa4zg-01040-00226240-00226439 set the alarm clock romeo dobbs do you
7whqYiCa4zg-01041-00226440-00226623 think that rogers makes him like pull
7whqYiCa4zg-01042-00226623-00226903 out his chair for him
7whqYiCa4zg-01043-00226904-00227142 i don't know maybe does romeo dobbs get
7whqYiCa4zg-01044-00227144-00227431 a word in edgewise what sucks here is
7whqYiCa4zg-01045-00227432-00227719 romeo dobbs is good i know he was a good
7whqYiCa4zg-01046-00227719-00227903 college player and i think he's going to
7whqYiCa4zg-01047-00227904-00228110 be a good pro but we're just things have
7whqYiCa4zg-01048-00228111-00228439 gotten so out of hand for romeo dawson
7whqYiCa4zg-01049-00228440-00228663 after but for my after dobbs is tolbert
7whqYiCa4zg-01050-00228664-00228871 garrett wilson drake london kenneth
7whqYiCa4zg-01051-00228871-00229071 walker so go ahead with your pick of
7whqYiCa4zg-01052-00229071-00229231 kenny pickett
7whqYiCa4zg-01053-00229232-00229375 can he pick it take it over and get i
7whqYiCa4zg-01054-00229376-00229551 think he takes the job and then it's
7whqYiCa4zg-01055-00229552-00229710 just so much easier for a quarterback i
7whqYiCa4zg-01056-00229711-00229903 would take the old lava bet that's i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-01057-00229904-00230039 gonna go with that one over a thousand
7whqYiCa4zg-01058-00230040-00230310 yards there in new orleans jason uh now
7whqYiCa4zg-01059-00230311-00230503 your role on this show can be sure
7whqYiCa4zg-01060-00230504-00230719 fulfilled you you know i'm bruce hall um
7whqYiCa4zg-01061-00230719-00230863 i'm gonna read two here because the
7whqYiCa4zg-01062-00230864-00230982 first one caught my eye because it was
7whqYiCa4zg-01063-00230983-00231175 football but it's also
7whqYiCa4zg-01064-00231176-00231327 not funny
7whqYiCa4zg-01065-00231328-00231615 all right perfect yes just like we like
7whqYiCa4zg-01066-00231616-00231839 what happens when football players lose
7whqYiCa4zg-01067-00231840-00232015 their eyesight
7whqYiCa4zg-01068-00232016-00232175 i don't want to know i don't know they
7whqYiCa4zg-01069-00232176-00232391 become referees oh
7whqYiCa4zg-01070-00232392-00232727 yes yeah yeah all right here's a little
7whqYiCa4zg-01071-00232728-00232958 better one why didn't the dog want to
7whqYiCa4zg-01072-00232959-00233063 wrestle
7whqYiCa4zg-01073-00233064-00233279 why didn't the dog want to wrestle i
7whqYiCa4zg-01074-00233280-00233567 don't know because he was a boxer
7whqYiCa4zg-01075-00233567-00233782 yeah okay all right all right you got
7whqYiCa4zg-01076-00233783-00233927 anything for that mic you got any more
7whqYiCa4zg-01077-00233928-00234079 drops for that one
7whqYiCa4zg-01078-00234080-00234351 oh great great peter liked it
7whqYiCa4zg-01079-00234352-00234606 instagram question that has a bunch of
7whqYiCa4zg-01080-00234607-00234791 emotion worked into the the question
7whqYiCa4zg-01081-00234792-00235063 itself from uh kamaco9
7whqYiCa4zg-01082-00235064-00235215 what the heck are we doing about dk
7whqYiCa4zg-01083-00235216-00235591 metcalf and tyler lockett
7whqYiCa4zg-01084-00235592-00235767 um
7whqYiCa4zg-01085-00235767-00236071 here's
7whqYiCa4zg-01086-00236071-00236182 i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-01087-00236183-00236310 the truth is
7whqYiCa4zg-01088-00236311-00236527 nobody is
7whqYiCa4zg-01089-00236528-00236767 undraftable by any means there's a place
7whqYiCa4zg-01090-00236767-00236951 where you know he's just gonna be so
7whqYiCa4zg-01091-00236952-00237071 much more valuable than the other
7whqYiCa4zg-01092-00237071-00237175 players
7whqYiCa4zg-01093-00237176-00237327 that either one of them would be so much
7whqYiCa4zg-01094-00237328-00237519 more valuable than other players
7whqYiCa4zg-01095-00237519-00237663 that they're next to in a draft that
7whqYiCa4zg-01096-00237664-00237910 being said where they are being drafted
7whqYiCa4zg-01097-00237911-00238087 i won't end up with any of them and i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-01098-00238088-00238334 letting other players take the bet on
7whqYiCa4zg-01099-00238335-00238494 talent and that's what you're betting on
7whqYiCa4zg-01100-00238496-00238734 right dk metcalf is an unbelievably
7whqYiCa4zg-01101-00238735-00238991 talented wide receiver but we have we we
7whqYiCa4zg-01102-00238992-00239151 know this we've played long enough we
7whqYiCa4zg-01103-00239152-00239351 have enough history to see like these
7whqYiCa4zg-01104-00239352-00239542 hall of fame first
7whqYiCa4zg-01105-00239544-00239751 ballot larry fitzgerald
7whqYiCa4zg-01106-00239752-00239982 wide receivers in the middle of the peak
7whqYiCa4zg-01107-00239983-00240167 of their career when they don't when
7whqYiCa4zg-01108-00240167-00240398 they have legit bad quarterbacks like
7whqYiCa4zg-01109-00240400-00240655 awful they can just be the wide receiver
7whqYiCa4zg-01110-00240656-00240958 45 and be irrelevant and then they get a
7whqYiCa4zg-01111-00240959-00241087 quarterback and all of a sudden they're
7whqYiCa4zg-01112-00241088-00241215 good again so
7whqYiCa4zg-01113-00241216-00241398 it's a weird situation because we just
7whqYiCa4zg-01114-00241400-00241606 said like the rookie talent
7whqYiCa4zg-01115-00241607-00241782 can overcome quarterback and obviously
7whqYiCa4zg-01116-00241783-00241910 alan robinson has done it his whole
7whqYiCa4zg-01117-00241911-00242206 career and like tyler lockett again i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-01118-00242207-00242446 going to reiterate highest receiving
7whqYiCa4zg-01119-00242448-00242671 yardage of his entire career last year
7whqYiCa4zg-01120-00242671-00242919 in in seattle ninth round draft pick
7whqYiCa4zg-01121-00242919-00243175 d.k metcalf's a fourth round pick
7whqYiCa4zg-01122-00243176-00243303 you're going to bet against some scoring
7whqYiCa4zg-01123-00243304-00243471 10 times i mean it
7whqYiCa4zg-01124-00243471-00243663 it's like
7whqYiCa4zg-01125-00243664-00243767 you know
7whqYiCa4zg-01126-00243767-00243942 they're they get offensive possessions
7whqYiCa4zg-01127-00243944-00244151 in seattle in case you're not
7whqYiCa4zg-01128-00244152-00244319 aware of that they get them every other
7whqYiCa4zg-01129-00244319-00244471 position you know every other possession
7whqYiCa4zg-01130-00244471-00244615 they're on offense
7whqYiCa4zg-01131-00244616-00244871 and even though pete carroll is making
7whqYiCa4zg-01132-00244871-00245103 us eye roll with his we might use both
7whqYiCa4zg-01133-00245104-00245239 quarterbacks
7whqYiCa4zg-01134-00245240-00245455 oh no you didn't hear that no
7whqYiCa4zg-01135-00245456-00245567 pete
7whqYiCa4zg-01136-00245567-00245694 i think he said something about when you
7whqYiCa4zg-01137-00245696-00245919 have two you you're better i i don't
7whqYiCa4zg-01138-00245919-00246094 remember yeah isn't there a quote uh if
7whqYiCa4zg-01139-00246096-00246303 you have two starting quarterbacks
7whqYiCa4zg-01140-00246304-00246655 yeah it was really really funny um peter
7whqYiCa4zg-01141-00246656-00246855 i tweeted it's literally what i tweeted
7whqYiCa4zg-01142-00246856-00246991 this morning mike
7whqYiCa4zg-01143-00246992-00247206 he said uh the the article that came out
7whqYiCa4zg-01144-00247207-00247367 on pff says
7whqYiCa4zg-01145-00247367-00247527 pete carroll doesn't rule out using both
7whqYiCa4zg-01146-00247528-00247687 of his quarterbacks gino smith and drew
7whqYiCa4zg-01147-00247688-00247887 locke and i said pete the word you were
7whqYiCa4zg-01148-00247888-00248119 looking for was neither
7whqYiCa4zg-01149-00248119-00248294 because you you were in a situation
7whqYiCa4zg-01150-00248296-00248382 where you don't know who it's going to
7whqYiCa4zg-01151-00248383-00248503 be
7whqYiCa4zg-01152-00248504-00248710 but you still have to throw the football
7whqYiCa4zg-01153-00248711-00248927 you don't have an elite defense
7whqYiCa4zg-01154-00248928-00249175 right he may think that they are the
7whqYiCa4zg-01155-00249176-00249342 legion of boom and the running back
7whqYiCa4zg-01156-00249344-00249487 march on lynch they don't have either of
7whqYiCa4zg-01157-00249488-00249615 those pieces
7whqYiCa4zg-01158-00249616-00249742 you're going to be down in a ton of
7whqYiCa4zg-01159-00249744-00249887 games
7whqYiCa4zg-01160-00249888-00250063 and tyler lockett hasn't forgotten how
7whqYiCa4zg-01161-00250064-00250294 to be wide open and neither has dk
7whqYiCa4zg-01162-00250296-00250551 metcalf and forgotten how to be jai
7whqYiCa4zg-01163-00250552-00250727 gundes yeah
7whqYiCa4zg-01164-00250728-00250887 they're both good i would rather take a
7whqYiCa4zg-01165-00250888-00251151 shot on locket at adp just because he's
7whqYiCa4zg-01166-00251152-00251310 a ninth rounder he's not costing me much
7whqYiCa4zg-01167-00251311-00251487 the other wide receivers i'm sacrificing
7whqYiCa4zg-01168-00251488-00251663 in the fourth round are guys that i
7whqYiCa4zg-01169-00251664-00251879 think are in much much better situations
7whqYiCa4zg-01170-00251880-00251951 to
7whqYiCa4zg-01171-00251952-00252119 uh you know
7whqYiCa4zg-01172-00252119-00252367 everybody gets to have a chance of
7whqYiCa4zg-01173-00252367-00252558 offense you know yeah the other guys
7whqYiCa4zg-01174-00252559-00252734 you're drafting also get the ball every
7whqYiCa4zg-01175-00252735-00252958 other possession uh so i would prefer to
7whqYiCa4zg-01176-00252959-00253055 have the
7whqYiCa4zg-01177-00253056-00253198 the better talent that being said if i'm
7whqYiCa4zg-01178-00253200-00253519 drafting like right now i still have the
7whqYiCa4zg-01179-00253519-00253742 hope the dream that like if i grab dk
7whqYiCa4zg-01180-00253744-00254015 metcalf that somehow garoppolo gets cut
7whqYiCa4zg-01181-00254016-00254167 and they bring him on board because that
7whqYiCa4zg-01182-00254167-00254334 would change things i think that that's
7whqYiCa4zg-01183-00254335-00254591 a a significant enough upgrade from
7whqYiCa4zg-01184-00254592-00254823 the drew lock gino smith but i mean like
7whqYiCa4zg-01185-00254823-00255087 a adp aside you're taking dk metcalf
7whqYiCa4zg-01186-00255088-00255279 over elijah moore right
7whqYiCa4zg-01187-00255280-00255606 yeah okay yeah yeah sure um
7whqYiCa4zg-01188-00255607-00255727 man where
7whqYiCa4zg-01189-00255728-00255951 what what unfortunate soul ends up with
7whqYiCa4zg-01190-00255952-00256119 kinney gallaudet in every fantasy draft
7whqYiCa4zg-01191-00256119-00256319 this year the waiver wire
7whqYiCa4zg-01192-00256319-00256527 but i mean he's going to be drafted
7whqYiCa4zg-01193-00256528-00256942 not by me no i know but somebody
7whqYiCa4zg-01194-00256944-00257103 wow
7whqYiCa4zg-01195-00257104-00257319 that get louder
7whqYiCa4zg-01196-00257319-00257575 oh man it needs to get worse that that
7whqYiCa4zg-01197-00257576-00257806 video that was too smooth a lot of times
7whqYiCa4zg-01198-00257807-00257958 the people's takeaway from that video
7whqYiCa4zg-01199-00257959-00258206 between kenny gallaudet um you know and
7whqYiCa4zg-01200-00258207-00258382 wandel was like oh wandel looks great
7whqYiCa4zg-01201-00258383-00258558 but i was right with you andy i was like
7whqYiCa4zg-01202-00258559-00258863 this looks like a dude who does not
7whqYiCa4zg-01203-00258864-00259015 care being kenny gallagher he was out
7whqYiCa4zg-01204-00259016-00259110 there
7whqYiCa4zg-01205-00259111-00259423 running fat lazy well it wasn't it
7whqYiCa4zg-01206-00259423-00259558 wasn't just the route either i mean
7whqYiCa4zg-01207-00259559-00259910 we're harping on one in video but he
7whqYiCa4zg-01208-00259911-00260094 also when he catches the first pass he
7whqYiCa4zg-01209-00260096-00260351 does this really lazy toss back so the
7whqYiCa4zg-01210-00260352-00260534 coach has to go
7whqYiCa4zg-01211-00260535-00260791 you know pick up the ball and to get
7whqYiCa4zg-01212-00260792-00260927 back in the rhythm of the drill where
7whqYiCa4zg-01213-00260928-00261127 wandel like gave the ball back to the
7whqYiCa4zg-01214-00261128-00261319 coach so he could do the drill i mean
7whqYiCa4zg-01215-00261319-00261567 just to be clear kenny golidy played in
7whqYiCa4zg-01216-00261567-00261846 14 games last year no he did he played
7whqYiCa4zg-01217-00261848-00262142 in 14 no he was on pace for 44
7whqYiCa4zg-01218-00262144-00262382 receptions for 600 yards and no
7whqYiCa4zg-01219-00262383-00262534 touchdown he did
7whqYiCa4zg-01220-00262535-00262703 he played games give the man his credit
7whqYiCa4zg-01221-00262704-00263006 he had a game inside the top 40.
7whqYiCa4zg-01222-00263007-00263263 he had one of those inside the top 40 at
7whqYiCa4zg-01223-00263264-00263495 the position last year
7whqYiCa4zg-01224-00263496-00263799 it really and it it feels like they just
7whqYiCa4zg-01225-00263800-00264023 burned how much money you get paid 16.
7whqYiCa4zg-01226-00264024-00264223 60 million and i went and i looked at
7whqYiCa4zg-01227-00264224-00264551 the cap situation and it's ah get ready
7whqYiCa4zg-01228-00264552-00264863 for uh 2023 kenny gallaudet new york
7whqYiCa4zg-01229-00264864-00265071 because he's not going anywhere
7whqYiCa4zg-01230-00265072-00265279 four years 72 million dollars and he'll
7whqYiCa4zg-01231-00265280-00265447 be he'll be almost a dead cap in front
7whqYiCa4zg-01232-00265448-00265606 of you uh
7whqYiCa4zg-01233-00265607-00265751 he'll be almost 30 by the time the
7whqYiCa4zg-01234-00265752-00265991 season starts next year i mean look good
7whqYiCa4zg-01235-00265992-00266199 for you mr gaudi you got that money but
7whqYiCa4zg-01236-00266200-00266406 really though but like not good for you
7whqYiCa4zg-01237-00266407-00266630 well i mean he played really well uh on
7whqYiCa4zg-01238-00266631-00266799 his rookie contract they should we're
7whqYiCa4zg-01239-00266800-00267030 giving him no money dead cap next year
7whqYiCa4zg-01240-00267031-00267343 is 14.7 million and i would not put it
7whqYiCa4zg-01241-00267344-00267495 past them to cut him because like the
7whqYiCa4zg-01242-00267496-00267799 dead cat this year is 31 million
7whqYiCa4zg-01243-00267800-00267999 i mean you you didn't even score last
7whqYiCa4zg-01244-00268000-00268271 year this is one of the like preeminent
7whqYiCa4zg-01245-00268272-00268471 double-digit touchdown threats in
7whqYiCa4zg-01246-00268472-00268639 previous seasons what
7whqYiCa4zg-01247-00268640-00268775 we'll see we'll see if davil can do
7whqYiCa4zg-01248-00268776-00268943 anything
7whqYiCa4zg-01249-00268944-00269095 yeah i mean he's trying to be positive
7whqYiCa4zg-01250-00269096-00269343 no i i hear you i mean maybe we're all
7whqYiCa4zg-01251-00269344-00269510 maybe we need to get in on some kenny g
7whqYiCa4zg-01252-00269511-00269623 that's what i'm hearing you're saying
7whqYiCa4zg-01253-00269624-00269782 i'm not saying that but i asked kenny
7whqYiCa4zg-01254-00269783-00270167 gainwell i am saying that uh joe judge
7whqYiCa4zg-01255-00270168-00270375 and company were
7whqYiCa4zg-01256-00270376-00270703 not professional nfl head coach material
7whqYiCa4zg-01257-00270704-00270815 all right that is going to do it for
7whqYiCa4zg-01258-00270816-00271063 today the fantasy footballers podcast
7whqYiCa4zg-01259-00271064-00271199 make sure you get in the mega ball we
7whqYiCa4zg-01260-00271200-00271343 want to see you in there it's going to
7whqYiCa4zg-01261-00271344-00271582 be a ton of fun yes
7whqYiCa4zg-01262-00271583-00271863 i'm in there come draft with me yeah and
7whqYiCa4zg-01263-00271864-00271979 uh the ultimate draftkit at
7whqYiCa4zg-01264-00271980-00272158 ultimatedraftkit.com get ready to
7whqYiCa4zg-01265-00272159-00272271 dominate
7whqYiCa4zg-01266-00272272-00272519 make your league mates feel stupid this
7whqYiCa4zg-01267-00272520-00272775 weekend please shame them that's what
7whqYiCa4zg-01268-00272776-00272910 you should do and we will see you
7whqYiCa4zg-01269-00272911-00273143 tonight in the party room on spotify
7whqYiCa4zg-01270-00273144-00273279 live
7whqYiCa4zg-01271-00273280-00273703 goodbye
7whqYiCa4zg-01272-00273704-00273879 thank you for listening to another
7whqYiCa4zg-01273-00273880-00274063 episode of the fantasy footballers
7whqYiCa4zg-01274-00274064-00274303 podcast join our fantasy football
7whqYiCa4zg-01275-00274304-00274551 community on jointhefoot.com
7whqYiCa4zg-01276-00274552-00274823 and follow us on twitter at the ff
7whqYiCa4zg-01277-00274824-00275101 ballers
7whqYiCa4zg-01278-00275102-00275427 [Music]
7wCaLwwkidI-00000-00000048-00001183 [Music]
7wCaLwwkidI-00001-00001184-00001483 we begin by thanking the Caixa
7wCaLwwkidI-00002-00001484-00001723 foundation and all of you for the
7wCaLwwkidI-00003-00001725-00002045 possibility for being here and being
7wCaLwwkidI-00004-00002046-00002237 able to share what I would like to share
7wCaLwwkidI-00005-00002238-00002498 with you today I took this challenge to
7wCaLwwkidI-00006-00002499-00002738 try and look at current research and
7wCaLwwkidI-00007-00002739-00003071 some aspects of where research may be
7wCaLwwkidI-00008-00003072-00003311 headed in the world of environment that
7wCaLwwkidI-00009-00003311-00003569 should be carefully considered in the ri
7wCaLwwkidI-00010-00003570-00003860 approach I'd like to acknowledge some
7wCaLwwkidI-00011-00003861-00004061 people that helped me with the content
7wCaLwwkidI-00012-00004061-00004238 of this presentation because of some of
7wCaLwwkidI-00013-00004239-00004622 this is very much very current these
7wCaLwwkidI-00014-00004623-00004868 people are working on the world atlas of
7wCaLwwkidI-00015-00004869-00005102 desertification which is due out early
7wCaLwwkidI-00016-00005103-00005426 next year and also colleagues in Spain
7wCaLwwkidI-00017-00005427-00005750 that are working with me on a molecule
7wCaLwwkidI-00018-00005751-00006113 II project science for society solutions
7wCaLwwkidI-00019-00006114-00006308 which actually is very related to the
7wCaLwwkidI-00020-00006309-00006692 rri goals I will have four key messages
7wCaLwwkidI-00021-00006693-00006917 I won't go through them right now I will
7wCaLwwkidI-00022-00006918-00007139 actually define each one as I go and
7wCaLwwkidI-00023-00007140-00007485 we'll jump straight into the first one
7wCaLwwkidI-00024-00007486-00007838 stationarity is dead have you heard this
7wCaLwwkidI-00025-00007839-00008317 before so if you haven't heard it before
7wCaLwwkidI-00026-00008318-00008564 you need to because it affects
7wCaLwwkidI-00027-00008565-00008846 everything about environmental research
7wCaLwwkidI-00028-00008847-00009106 going forward so let's kind of consider
7wCaLwwkidI-00029-00009107-00009401 this the ideal is that research
7wCaLwwkidI-00030-00009402-00009584 eventually will influence management
7wCaLwwkidI-00031-00009585-00009856 practices and policy decisions may not
7wCaLwwkidI-00032-00009857-00010249 happen fast but that's the ideal and the
7wCaLwwkidI-00033-00010250-00010478 vast majority of environmental research
7wCaLwwkidI-00034-00010479-00010774 has been about looking at the past in
7wCaLwwkidI-00035-00010775-00010996 order to predict what happens in the
7wCaLwwkidI-00036-00010997-00011242 future can you sense any potential
7wCaLwwkidI-00037-00011243-00011588 problem with that model today the future
7wCaLwwkidI-00038-00011589-00011788 is a little bit different than the past
7wCaLwwkidI-00039-00011789-00012074 now to demonstrate this I'm going to use
7wCaLwwkidI-00040-00012075-00012281 the example of runoff so this is the
7wCaLwwkidI-00041-00012282-00012584 water that after a rainfall event flows
7wCaLwwkidI-00042-00012585-00012818 into streams and obviously if it's a lot
7wCaLwwkidI-00043-00012819-00013013 of water we can have flooding and if
7wCaLwwkidI-00044-00013013-00013213 there's none whatsoever we're in drought
7wCaLwwkidI-00045-00013215-00013355 conditions
7wCaLwwkidI-00046-00013356-00013640 this was if you want to look at it that
7wCaLwwkidI-00047-00013641-00014060 way an assessment of past rainfall to
7wCaLwwkidI-00048-00014061-00014488 predict in 2016 where we would be the
7wCaLwwkidI-00049-00014490-00014768 blue areas suggests that there would be
7wCaLwwkidI-00050-00014769-00015122 that percentage more of runoff in those
7wCaLwwkidI-00051-00015122-00015569 areas and the browner reddish areas the
7wCaLwwkidI-00052-00015569-00015730 opposite there was going to be a
7wCaLwwkidI-00053-00015731-00016030 percentage less runoff and I think it's
7wCaLwwkidI-00054-00016031-00016166 important for you to consider where
7wCaLwwkidI-00055-00016166-00016361 those dry areas are because I'm going to
7wCaLwwkidI-00056-00016362-00016625 use that example a little bit later so
7wCaLwwkidI-00057-00016626-00016828 this is the static approach this is the
7wCaLwwkidI-00058-00016829-00017272 stationarity approach but is it still
7wCaLwwkidI-00059-00017273-00017696 valid this is putting that in to where
7wCaLwwkidI-00060-00017697-00017966 we are today so you're seeing the years
7wCaLwwkidI-00061-00017967-00018535 run by from 2016 to 2084 all
7wCaLwwkidI-00062-00018536-00018752 incorporating climate change and all
7wCaLwwkidI-00063-00018753-00018962 other factors that might lead to change
7wCaLwwkidI-00064-00018963-00019241 and as you can see the story is a lot
7wCaLwwkidI-00065-00019242-00019697 more telling but also those years are
7wCaLwwkidI-00066-00019698-00019903 not being predicted solely on the past
7wCaLwwkidI-00067-00019904-00020125 so we have a totally different frame in
7wCaLwwkidI-00068-00020126-00020464 which to look at the research questions
7wCaLwwkidI-00069-00020465-00020813 the second key message also potentially
7wCaLwwkidI-00070-00020814-00021068 introducing a new word is that the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00071-00021069-00021383 is not only global globalization
7wCaLwwkidI-00072-00021384-00021580 oriented but it's also tell a coupled
7wCaLwwkidI-00073-00021581-00021955 and this has to do with the Maria gave
7wCaLwwkidI-00074-00021956-00022127 some examples earlier today the
7wCaLwwkidI-00075-00022128-00022415 interactions in distant places that may
7wCaLwwkidI-00076-00022416-00022621 have an influence in another place but
7wCaLwwkidI-00077-00022622-00023044 the problem is from a rri perspective
7wCaLwwkidI-00078-00023045-00023275 most environmental research is placed
7wCaLwwkidI-00079-00023276-00023719 based and when external locations and
7wCaLwwkidI-00080-00023720-00023915 their influence are considered their
7wCaLwwkidI-00081-00023916-00024059 exhaustion asst variables there's
7wCaLwwkidI-00082-00024060-00024272 something that's on the outside feedback
7wCaLwwkidI-00083-00024273-00024469 is not generally part of that research
7wCaLwwkidI-00084-00024470-00024734 and that's problematic because the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00085-00024735-00024989 doesn't work that way anymore it did in
7wCaLwwkidI-00086-00024990-00025286 the past but now as i will show you a
7wCaLwwkidI-00087-00025287-00025594 few examples we have both globalization
7wCaLwwkidI-00088-00025595-00025886 and Teller connections we have human
7wCaLwwkidI-00089-00025887-00026052 systems that are interacting
7wCaLwwkidI-00090-00026053-00026285 socioeconomically we have natural
7wCaLwwkidI-00091-00026286-00026470 systems that are interacting
7wCaLwwkidI-00092-00026470-00026804 environmentally and we have crossover so
7wCaLwwkidI-00093-00026805-00027214 tell a coupling I'll begin the example
7wCaLwwkidI-00094-00027215-00027451 by emphasizing that a lot of the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00095-00027452-00027704 is arid maybe thirty thirty-five percent
7wCaLwwkidI-00096-00027705-00028079 and a lot of people live in those areas
7wCaLwwkidI-00097-00028080-00028318 and a larger portion of those people are
7wCaLwwkidI-00098-00028319-00028586 poor than in non arid area so it's very
7wCaLwwkidI-00099-00028587-00028840 very sensitive to climate change and
7wCaLwwkidI-00100-00028841-00029149 land degradation and to give a sense of
7wCaLwwkidI-00101-00029150-00029330 where this is going in the future if you
7wCaLwwkidI-00102-00029331-00029567 look at the graphs on the right and you
7wCaLwwkidI-00103-00029568-00029842 point out the zero is down the middle
7wCaLwwkidI-00104-00029843-00030145 the top of there is the imminent future
7wCaLwwkidI-00105-00030146-00030511 model next 40 years or 30 years the
7wCaLwwkidI-00106-00030512-00030802 middle is near future and the third one
7wCaLwwkidI-00107-00030803-00031030 is far future but what's most important
7wCaLwwkidI-00108-00031031-00031349 here is everything that's on the left of
7wCaLwwkidI-00109-00031350-00031699 those zeros are cities that aren't arid
7wCaLwwkidI-00110-00031700-00031976 today that will be in the future and
7wCaLwwkidI-00111-00031977-00032323 that represents seventy percent of the
7wCaLwwkidI-00112-00032324-00032539 world's urban population and the urban
7wCaLwwkidI-00113-00032540-00032773 population is growing that's a huge
7wCaLwwkidI-00114-00032774-00033023 impact that it needs to be considered in
7wCaLwwkidI-00115-00033024-00033376 terms of telling and if we look at the
7wCaLwwkidI-00116-00033377-00033599 source of water increasingly is
7wCaLwwkidI-00117-00033600-00033820 groundwater and it's not always
7wCaLwwkidI-00118-00033821-00034189 renewable and it's very slow to renew we
7wCaLwwkidI-00119-00034190-00034507 get a sense and this is only a 55 60
7wCaLwwkidI-00120-00034508-00034933 sorry four year period we get a sense of
7wCaLwwkidI-00121-00034934-00035236 that depletion rate I'm not going to go
7wCaLwwkidI-00122-00035237-00035411 into the example of Greenland which has
7wCaLwwkidI-00123-00035412-00035611 to do with climate change in the melt
7wCaLwwkidI-00124-00035612-00035890 that's recurring under underground but
7wCaLwwkidI-00125-00035891-00036145 we also have if you look at the Middle
7wCaLwwkidI-00126-00036146-00036493 East some sensitive stories related to
7wCaLwwkidI-00127-00036494-00036811 groundwater normally I would show this
7wCaLwwkidI-00128-00036812-00037151 graph as an animation piece by piece I'm
7wCaLwwkidI-00129-00037152-00037336 not going to walk through it in great
7wCaLwwkidI-00130-00037337-00037532 detail but what I'd like you to focus on
7wCaLwwkidI-00131-00037533-00037910 is that in each successive graph what's
7wCaLwwkidI-00132-00037911-00038308 on the y-axis becomes on the x-axis in
7wCaLwwkidI-00133-00038309-00038624 other words population and the pressures
7wCaLwwkidI-00134-00038625-00038905 on resources that result when mapped
7wCaLwwkidI-00135-00038906-00039289 against resources the second graph give
7wCaLwwkidI-00136-00039290-00039643 you a sense of the land degradation the
7wCaLwwkidI-00137-00039644-00039727 desert ification
7wCaLwwkidI-00138-00039728-00040073 the resource sustainability issues which
7wCaLwwkidI-00139-00040074-00040288 then can beam act against human
7wCaLwwkidI-00140-00040289-00040495 well-being which is our goal increase
7wCaLwwkidI-00141-00040496-00040693 human well-being but of course that
7wCaLwwkidI-00142-00040694-00040951 degradation reduces human well human
7wCaLwwkidI-00143-00040952-00041257 well-being and then if we map that
7wCaLwwkidI-00144-00041258-00041476 against conflict we see an increase in
7wCaLwwkidI-00145-00041477-00041792 other words maybe not direct but a lot
7wCaLwwkidI-00146-00041793-00041998 of the conflicts that occur in the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00147-00041999-00042376 today have some exacerbating elements
7wCaLwwkidI-00148-00042377-00042493 that are associated with land
7wCaLwwkidI-00149-00042494-00042860 degradation and climate change but the
7wCaLwwkidI-00150-00042861-00043117 question becomes where should the study
7wCaLwwkidI-00151-00043118-00043448 area be where should we be focused on
7wCaLwwkidI-00152-00043449-00043676 almost every story you read about this
7wCaLwwkidI-00153-00043677-00044188 is place-based but is it really what do
7wCaLwwkidI-00154-00044189-00044515 in this example eastern China the Arab
7wCaLwwkidI-00155-00044516-00044860 Spring and climate change has to do with
7wCaLwwkidI-00156-00044861-00045085 each other what's the common element
7wCaLwwkidI-00157-00045086-00045469 it's actually in the slide that's my
7wCaLwwkidI-00158-00045470-00045970 hint that's right the loaf of bread
7wCaLwwkidI-00159-00045971-00046270 right and where where is that coming
7wCaLwwkidI-00160-00046271-00046448 from well from a climate change
7wCaLwwkidI-00161-00046449-00046798 perspective the availability of wheat
7wCaLwwkidI-00162-00046799-00047071 and the prices going up in the year
7wCaLwwkidI-00163-00047072-00047368 before the Arab Spring was hit hard by
7wCaLwwkidI-00164-00047369-00047542 climate change in different ways in
7wCaLwwkidI-00165-00047543-00047869 different wheat producing nations but
7wCaLwwkidI-00166-00047870-00048107 what put it over the edge was a very
7wCaLwwkidI-00167-00048108-00048382 unusual drought in winter wheat in
7wCaLwwkidI-00168-00048383-00048707 eastern China the government trying to
7wCaLwwkidI-00169-00048708-00048943 protect its population understandably
7wCaLwwkidI-00170-00048944-00049318 bought read futures the prices went up
7wCaLwwkidI-00171-00049319-00049592 even further what countries in the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00172-00049593-00049929 are almost entirely wheat importers
7wCaLwwkidI-00173-00049930-00050308 Japan they could weather the storm the
7wCaLwwkidI-00174-00050309-00050563 Middle East they could not easily
7wCaLwwkidI-00175-00050564-00050875 weather the storm and what I would let
7wCaLwwkidI-00176-00050876-00051032 you know is if you look at photographs
7wCaLwwkidI-00177-00051033-00051217 of the Arab Spring and you look at
7wCaLwwkidI-00178-00051218-00051520 demonstrations those my guests are
7wCaLwwkidI-00179-00051521-00051825 frequent why because the underlying
7wCaLwwkidI-00180-00051826-00052085 pressures were there even though they
7wCaLwwkidI-00181-00052086-00052315 may not have been the direct cause they
7wCaLwwkidI-00182-00052316-00052617 exacerbated the situation without doubt
7wCaLwwkidI-00183-00052618-00052949 there are lots of forms of telecom links
7wCaLwwkidI-00184-00052950-00053109 but to continue this example
7wCaLwwkidI-00185-00053110-00053361 I'm going to focus mostly on trade of
7wCaLwwkidI-00186-00053362-00053835 good side of this and land but before I
7wCaLwwkidI-00187-00053836-00054012 do that I want to break another
7wCaLwwkidI-00188-00054013-00054240 misconception that's common out there
7wCaLwwkidI-00189-00054241-00054561 it's common because in my opinion we're
7wCaLwwkidI-00190-00054562-00054875 using the wrong indicator the OECD and
7wCaLwwkidI-00191-00054876-00055226 many other developing nations try to
7wCaLwwkidI-00192-00055227-00055475 look at how well they are managing their
7wCaLwwkidI-00193-00055476-00055754 natural resources relative to
7wCaLwwkidI-00194-00055755-00056006 consumption and they use this index
7wCaLwwkidI-00195-00056007-00056180 called domestic material consumption
7wCaLwwkidI-00196-00056181-00056429 there are other accounting methods but
7wCaLwwkidI-00197-00056430-00056675 this second bullet introduces a new
7wCaLwwkidI-00198-00056676-00056916 approach it's called the material
7wCaLwwkidI-00199-00056916-00057162 footprint and is noted in the third
7wCaLwwkidI-00200-00057163-00057366 bullet it looks at nine domestic
7wCaLwwkidI-00201-00057366-00057650 resources which changes the story a
7wCaLwwkidI-00202-00057651-00057887 bunch of graphs again the ones I would
7wCaLwwkidI-00203-00057888-00058059 like you to look at her at the top and
7wCaLwwkidI-00204-00058060-00058493 the far right if you only consider the
7wCaLwwkidI-00205-00058494-00058899 current statistics the red lines which
7wCaLwwkidI-00206-00058900-00059129 is the domestic consumption index I
7wCaLwwkidI-00207-00059130-00059529 mentioned are below GDP and are trending
7wCaLwwkidI-00208-00059529-00059784 downward relative to GDP in other words
7wCaLwwkidI-00209-00059785-00060084 those economies are doing pretty well in
7wCaLwwkidI-00210-00060085-00060413 not over consuming the resource base but
7wCaLwwkidI-00211-00060414-00060737 if you add non domestic resource
7wCaLwwkidI-00212-00060738-00061074 consumption which brings the Green Line
7wCaLwwkidI-00213-00061075-00061280 you realize that we're actually not
7wCaLwwkidI-00214-00061281-00061493 doing better we're doing even or
7wCaLwwkidI-00215-00061494-00061841 potentially even worse we're consuming
7wCaLwwkidI-00216-00061841-00062235 somebody else's land and now i'm going
7wCaLwwkidI-00217-00062236-00062438 to show you that in some parts of the
7wCaLwwkidI-00218-00062439-00062766 world it's huge in japan it's ninety two
7wCaLwwkidI-00219-00062766-00063174 percent of their consumption is based on
7wCaLwwkidI-00220-00063175-00063494 land outside of japan europe a little
7wCaLwwkidI-00221-00063495-00063805 less at fifty percent the u.s. a third
7wCaLwwkidI-00222-00063806-00064149 so in this graph the size of the pie
7wCaLwwkidI-00223-00064150-00064473 chart is how much land that consumption
7wCaLwwkidI-00224-00064474-00064809 inside a country consumes if it's
7wCaLwwkidI-00225-00064810-00065040 entirely green or mostly green like
7wCaLwwkidI-00226-00065041-00065328 Australia they're using land inside the
7wCaLwwkidI-00227-00065329-00065697 country but if it's like Japan they're
7wCaLwwkidI-00228-00065698-00065954 using land outside the country so what
7wCaLwwkidI-00229-00065955-00066175 does this look like in terms of telling
7wCaLwwkidI-00230-00066176-00066477 it looks like that
7wCaLwwkidI-00231-00066478-00066825 and that means that when we say hey
7wCaLwwkidI-00232-00066826-00067230 Brazil if we take the forest example you
7wCaLwwkidI-00233-00067231-00067386 shouldn't be cutting down your
7wCaLwwkidI-00234-00067387-00067743 rainforest or Russia you should be
7wCaLwwkidI-00235-00067744-00068040 protecting those trees but we're
7wCaLwwkidI-00236-00068041-00068334 consuming them we've got a pellicle and
7wCaLwwkidI-00237-00068335-00068522 we also have a little bit of an ethical
7wCaLwwkidI-00238-00068523-00068871 break here that is fundamental to what
7wCaLwwkidI-00239-00068872-00069138 are our eyes should be considering same
7wCaLwwkidI-00240-00069139-00069408 thing is true with cropland the stories
7wCaLwwkidI-00241-00069409-00069618 are different the arrows are different
7wCaLwwkidI-00242-00069619-00069828 but it's still there and the same thing
7wCaLwwkidI-00243-00069829-00070203 is true for grazing land we can do this
7wCaLwwkidI-00244-00070204-00070422 with other resources you probably heard
7wCaLwwkidI-00245-00070423-00070731 about virtual water if you go and buy
7wCaLwwkidI-00246-00070732-00070965 some tomatoes that were grown in North
7wCaLwwkidI-00247-00070966-00071133 Africa you're not just buying the
7wCaLwwkidI-00248-00071134-00071370 tomatoes you're buying all the water
7wCaLwwkidI-00249-00071371-00071655 that was used to grow those tomatoes
7wCaLwwkidI-00250-00071656-00071949 that's a transfer of both the tomato the
7wCaLwwkidI-00251-00071950-00072362 water the land that it was growing on
7wCaLwwkidI-00252-00072363-00072615 biofuels is a story you may have heard
7wCaLwwkidI-00253-00072616-00072837 about in the United States in an effort
7wCaLwwkidI-00254-00072838-00073089 to reduce emissions which if you see up
7wCaLwwkidI-00255-00073090-00073374 at the top left it's done a big job of
7wCaLwwkidI-00256-00073375-00073692 that in terms of reducing emissions we
7wCaLwwkidI-00257-00073693-00073917 have planted a lot of corn to create
7wCaLwwkidI-00258-00073918-00074289 ethanol but that resulted if you move to
7wCaLwwkidI-00259-00074290-00074448 the right to the United States a
7wCaLwwkidI-00260-00074449-00074700 displacement inside the country of land
7wCaLwwkidI-00261-00074701-00075057 use the crops that were switched out of
7wCaLwwkidI-00262-00075058-00075387 whatever production into corn those
7wCaLwwkidI-00263-00075388-00075624 prices went up other parts of the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00264-00075625-00075879 said let's plant we can make some money
7wCaLwwkidI-00265-00075880-00076197 a lot of that planting with conversion
7wCaLwwkidI-00266-00076198-00076401 of new land when you convert new land
7wCaLwwkidI-00267-00076402-00076809 you emit co2 into the atmosphere and if
7wCaLwwkidI-00268-00076810-00077022 you see the number in a larger amount
7wCaLwwkidI-00269-00077023-00077274 than was intended by the policy we have
7wCaLwwkidI-00270-00077275-00077664 a disconnection there this example is
7wCaLwwkidI-00271-00077665-00077889 related to emissions this is coal from
7wCaLwwkidI-00272-00077890-00078288 australia in 2004 the blue lines are the
7wCaLwwkidI-00273-00078289-00078624 sending nation and sending to the
7wCaLwwkidI-00274-00078625-00078860 receiving countries which are in green
7wCaLwwkidI-00275-00078861-00079152 but i want to also emphasize the pink
7wCaLwwkidI-00276-00079153-00079416 ones it's called spillover in this model
7wCaLwwkidI-00277-00079417-00079825 those that co2 that gets emitted by the
7wCaLwwkidI-00278-00079826-00080092 use of that coal influences everybody
7wCaLwwkidI-00279-00080093-00080396 not just the country that it was burned
7wCaLwwkidI-00280-00080397-00080816 in so we have the inequality key message
7wCaLwwkidI-00281-00080817-00080978 here and I'm going to go through five
7wCaLwwkidI-00282-00080979-00081142 very quickly the first one I've already
7wCaLwwkidI-00283-00081143-00081355 mentioned the impacts of climate change
7wCaLwwkidI-00284-00081356-00081663 and land degradation are greater in
7wCaLwwkidI-00285-00081664-00082103 developing nations and among the poor in
7wCaLwwkidI-00286-00082104-00082490 developed nations next as was pointed
7wCaLwwkidI-00287-00082491-00082750 out earlier today the number of
7wCaLwwkidI-00288-00082751-00082948 scientists that actually participate in
7wCaLwwkidI-00289-00082949-00083098 doing something about that that are
7wCaLwwkidI-00290-00083099-00083287 coming from the regions of the world
7wCaLwwkidI-00291-00083288-00083497 where those impacts are taking place are
7wCaLwwkidI-00292-00083498-00083822 far lower then let's say Europe look at
7wCaLwwkidI-00293-00083823-00084198 Africa at eight percent next we have a
7wCaLwwkidI-00294-00084199-00084460 sensitivity issue here that there's a
7wCaLwwkidI-00295-00084461-00084665 lot more focus on what happens that
7wCaLwwkidI-00296-00084666-00085015 ultimately affects Europe or the impacts
7wCaLwwkidI-00297-00085016-00085234 of what that might be then the other way
7wCaLwwkidI-00298-00085235-00085390 around what's going on in those
7wCaLwwkidI-00299-00085391-00085784 developing nations and then internally
7wCaLwwkidI-00300-00085785-00086050 in those countries the self valuation of
7wCaLwwkidI-00301-00086051-00086281 the importance of the problem well if
7wCaLwwkidI-00302-00086282-00086590 poverty and violence dominate your day
7wCaLwwkidI-00303-00086591-00086860 all these other issues are a lower
7wCaLwwkidI-00304-00086861-00087203 priority so they get pursued less it
7wCaLwwkidI-00305-00087204-00087331 doesn't mean they're not of interest
7wCaLwwkidI-00306-00087332-00087565 they're just not reaching that level and
7wCaLwwkidI-00307-00087566-00087865 the bottom aspect here has to do with
7wCaLwwkidI-00308-00087866-00088098 capacity these are places where
7wCaLwwkidI-00309-00088099-00088385 adaptation mitigation and restoration
7wCaLwwkidI-00310-00088386-00088792 are harder and then finally I think are
7wCaLwwkidI-00311-00088793-00088960 our eyes can make a big difference in
7wCaLwwkidI-00312-00088961-00089098 this regard and I'm going to give the
7wCaLwwkidI-00313-00089099-00089386 example of land degradation neutrality
7wCaLwwkidI-00314-00089387-00089551 which you've if you've heard of it
7wCaLwwkidI-00315-00089552-00089782 you're very modern because it's brand
7wCaLwwkidI-00316-00089783-00090055 new it's a new approach to looking at
7wCaLwwkidI-00317-00090056-00090361 land degradation in the past all we did
7wCaLwwkidI-00318-00090362-00090691 was fix it meaning all the models were
7wCaLwwkidI-00319-00090692-00090947 about preventing the degradation or
7wCaLwwkidI-00320-00090948-00091318 restoring land but we weren't keeping up
7wCaLwwkidI-00321-00091319-00091618 more land continued to be degraded so
7wCaLwwkidI-00322-00091619-00091804 somebody stopped and said well what if
7wCaLwwkidI-00323-00091805-00092197 we actually anticipated new degradation
7wCaLwwkidI-00324-00092198-00092505 at the same time that we make plans for
7wCaLwwkidI-00325-00092506-00092666 preventing
7wCaLwwkidI-00326-00092667-00093002 we're restoring if we do that and we try
7wCaLwwkidI-00327-00093003-00093188 to keep it in balance we might do a
7wCaLwwkidI-00328-00093189-00093407 better job because we're using a
7wCaLwwkidI-00329-00093408-00093670 holistic approach a landscape approach a
7wCaLwwkidI-00330-00093671-00093965 prioritization approach that is land
7wCaLwwkidI-00331-00093966-00094124 degradation neutrality and what's
7wCaLwwkidI-00332-00094125-00094463 intriguing here is that the chief global
7wCaLwwkidI-00333-00094464-00094751 body that's concerned about land which
7wCaLwwkidI-00334-00094752-00095102 is the United Nations Convention on
7wCaLwwkidI-00335-00095103-00095510 combating desertification unccd they
7wCaLwwkidI-00336-00095511-00095786 created a science policy interface which
7wCaLwwkidI-00337-00095787-00096014 I'm going to describe in a moment that
7wCaLwwkidI-00338-00096015-00096200 was then tasked with creating the
7wCaLwwkidI-00339-00096201-00096527 conceptual framework for land
7wCaLwwkidI-00340-00096528-00096722 degradation neutrality from a scientific
7wCaLwwkidI-00341-00096723-00097190 perspective and the SPI give that
7wCaLwwkidI-00342-00097191-00097391 there's a technical report and there's a
7wCaLwwkidI-00343-00097392-00097577 policy brief that were very recently
7wCaLwwkidI-00344-00097578-00097811 published but what's intriguing is the
7wCaLwwkidI-00345-00097812-00098297 SPI itself it was created from a
7wCaLwwkidI-00346-00098298-00098534 participatory type perspective 10
7wCaLwwkidI-00347-00098535-00098978 independent scientists selected five
7wCaLwwkidI-00348-00098979-00099242 independently selected regionally and
7wCaLwwkidI-00349-00099243-00099494 five that are actually delegates from
7wCaLwwkidI-00350-00099495-00099725 the science delegations to the
7wCaLwwkidI-00351-00099726-00099923 convention which you would say well
7wCaLwwkidI-00352-00099924-00100160 that's not very independent but if
7wCaLwwkidI-00353-00100161-00100343 you're trying to plug into policy and
7wCaLwwkidI-00354-00100344-00100595 you have them in the same room you might
7wCaLwwkidI-00355-00100596-00100853 write the proposal in a way that would
7wCaLwwkidI-00356-00100854-00101087 be more acceptable when it gets to the
7wCaLwwkidI-00357-00101088-00101327 negotiating phase the disconnect can be
7wCaLwwkidI-00358-00101328-00101672 large without that and in the actual
7wCaLwwkidI-00359-00101673-00101906 conceptual framework itself it was a
7wCaLwwkidI-00360-00101907-00102113 participatory approach not only with
7wCaLwwkidI-00361-00102114-00102341 stakeholders but also with scientists
7wCaLwwkidI-00362-00102342-00102701 there are principles guiding principles
7wCaLwwkidI-00363-00102702-00103151 that are very based on rri principles so
7wCaLwwkidI-00364-00103152-00103490 it's an example to say we can take on
7wCaLwwkidI-00365-00103491-00103679 these environmental challenges in ways
7wCaLwwkidI-00366-00103680-00103952 that fit the model that you all are
7wCaLwwkidI-00367-00103953-00104454 pursuing here thank you very much
7wCaLwwkidI-00368-00104455-00104639 you
7wCaLwwkidI-00369-00104640-00106033 [Music]
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00000-00000638-00001552 so started a matter bass kiss me already
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00001-00001553-00001955 huh I'm into N or thank you - and I'm
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00002-00001955-00002359 into and little for my part is
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00003-00002360-00002822 multiplication possibly otherwise been
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00004-00002823-00003193 named yeah man check on the gear
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00005-00003194-00003511 condition cookie genetics cup
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00006-00003513-00003782 multiplication possibility avianna me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00007-00003783-00004121 start to think example so suppose the
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00008-00004122-00004916 heart basic matrix 1 2 3 1 or st
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00009-00004917-00005411 multiplications
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00010-00005412-00005846 over there - into - to home teaching me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00011-00005847-00006406 to go one column keep intersecting let's
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00012-00006408-00006830 go today - into 100 telegram catering
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00013-00006831-00008077 order for 2 into 2
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00014-00008078-00008578 there's a possibility a possible method
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00015-00008579-00008991 to retire he is wrote who is column say
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00016-00008992-00009373 multiplication skirt yeah corresponding
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00017-00009374-00009628 element gave one key to say
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00018-00009629-00009922 multiplications would be first element
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00019-00009923-00010354 first column cavatelli first one into
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00020-00010355-00011356 two plus cosine 2 into 1 2 here 2 3 it
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00021-00011357-00011596 was a start going to sit on couple
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00022-00011597-00011809 element tiger now column descending you
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00023-00011810-00011983 thought I'm gonna give aluminum glass
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00024-00011984-00012577 matrix my trick in 2 to 3 into 2 1 into
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00025-00012578-00013119 1 the year mark path metric cycle
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00026-00013120-00014000 two plus two or six plus one is equal to
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00027-00014001-00014719 oh do you charge attack to example or
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00028-00014720-00015111 let them it's a volatile escape ground
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00029-00015112-00016303 water table didn't suppose my pass
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00030-00016304-00016563 - into theory
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00031-00016564-00016853 ring into
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00032-00016854-00017048 trying to
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00033-00017049-00017456 the magnetic compass hanga going to go
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00034-00017457-00017779 into two Row one
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00035-00017780-00017974 tink
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00036-00017975-00018555 three two one
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00037-00018556-00018771 next
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00038-00018772-00019077 three in a row
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00039-00019078-00019336 going to
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00040-00019337-00019591 three two
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00041-00019592-00020130 take into scrotum opposite night too
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00042-00020131-00020546 Oh
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00043-00020547-00020882 to multiplication possibility to offer
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00044-00020883-00021840 my confusion what I do
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00045-00021841-00022254 yo campus is rocky multiplication is
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00046-00022255-00022485 column K corresponding elements
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00047-00022486-00022807 occurring but the Panda
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00048-00022808-00023278 element each teacher has a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00049-00023279-00023373 multiplication
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00050-00023374-00023857 thomna balance one two key to say carry
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00051-00023858-00024293 forward this trinket
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00052-00024294-00024626 up this rocky it doesn't call up the
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00053-00024627-00025546 young didn't say kiddos
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00054-00025547-00025867 then usually I got three plus four plus
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00055-00025868-00026089 three
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00056-00026091-00026450 9 + 4 that's 1
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00057-00026451-00026756 I said what was I doing
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00058-00026757-00027025 14
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00059-00027026-00027583 there
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00060-00027583-00027793 tea
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00061-00027794-00028144 - here I've made is questions we're
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00062-00028145-00028255 cooking it's no bother setting
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00063-00028256-00028464 multiplications is delicate softly here
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00064-00028466-00028737 here multiplications he hadn't Eddie
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00065-00028738-00029137 okay on the first product maybe say a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00066-00029138-00029425 shortcut method is man was shortening in
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00067-00029426-00029644 the climate about Baja mother have been
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00068-00029645-00030211 answered a very bad one two three three
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00069-00030212-00031294 two into one I'm gay that they can
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00070-00031295-00031601 develop elemental
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00071-00031602-00032183 I'm a potential gas manga 2 into 3 or 3
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00072-00032183-00032864 into 2 to 2 by 2 cup 2 by 2 matrix one
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00073-00032865-00033134 person to buy to discover new couch
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00074-00033135-00033488 element Yahoo each element though so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00075-00033489-00034234 element
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00076-00034235-00034508 the element of the capacitor
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00077-00034509-00034814 Tommy deliberately topol-m together
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00078-00034815-00035636 yeah politically penny rope 1 2 3 0 1 0
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00079-00035637-00036077 going up adding 1 2 3 up second row go 3
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00080-00036078-00036356 2 1 3 2 1
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00081-00036357-00036674 it's guitar chose be the yoga transpose
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00082-00036675-00036961 local to point 2 3 1 2 3
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00083-00036962-00037235 take a column right I mean sequel I'm
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00084-00037236-00037610 going upper 20s : being upper three two
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00085-00037611-00038057 one three two one animal to placate or
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00086-00038058-00038672 corresponding x one plus four plus
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00087-00038673-00039038 one plus four plus C you know more about
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00088-00039039-00039674 yoga 3 plus 4 less so here you got 3
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00089-00039675-00040142 plus 4 plus 3 9 plus 4 plus 1
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00090-00040143-00040469 multiplication so I'm over the past your
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00091-00040470-00040889 answer I gave here 14 or here my basket
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00092-00040890-00041225 now
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00093-00041226-00042100 10:10 the years 307
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00094-00042101-00042433 - hum collectivity you do matter sir let
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00095-00042434-00042652 me say yeah directly what - aw honey
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00096-00042653-00042922 it's not a meeting the other day kiss
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00097-00042923-00043171 very good sir multiplications getting me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00098-00043172-00043387 a shortcut or the hobbits will give me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00099-00043388-00043768 everybody multiplications cursive so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00100-00043769-00044052 Escobar I'm telling you about
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00101-00044053-00044390 get your own here
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00102-00044391-00044687 what a cheat turn to approach it at the
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00103-00044688-00045050 engine in college living okay
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00104-00045051-00045946 yoram cat you okay every square every
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00105-00045947-00046476 square matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00106-00046477-00046915 matrix is a some more
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00107-00046916-00047157 some
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00108-00047158-00047890 symmetric
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00109-00047891-00048415 and
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00110-00048416-00049071 excuse me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00111-00049072-00049301 matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00112-00049302-00049456 to
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00113-00049457-00049832 proof
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00114-00049833-00050297 reppuken ahead get every square matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00115-00050298-00050865 every instrument is sum of symmetric and
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00116-00050866-00051252 sq somatic matrix the hunka think a net
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00117-00051253-00052204 a is a square matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00118-00052204-00052791 in matrix a to a agar egg matrix a to a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00119-00052792-00053136 co-op literally one of our other half
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00120-00053137-00053376 plus half
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00121-00053377-00053935 spookily logic to honey a hamesha half a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00122-00053936-00054214 or a half a cake all over ticket I'm
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00123-00054215-00054660 Nika against me I make it good adesh
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00124-00054661-00055135 transpose to obviate unbalanced okay by
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00125-00055136-00055534 let's connect the subject of a propeller
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00126-00055535-00055870 to be smoky version well button when I
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00127-00055871-00056326 want to commonly a plus h plus 1 upon to
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00128-00056327-00056691 comment here a - edit toppled o matic
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00129-00056692-00057037 side kick metrics here aquatic yeah
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00130-00057038-00057310 how long is a chicolini here tech matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00131-00057311-00057721 cake actually a plus eight ish that
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00132-00057722-00058048 transpose clear the yoga a transpose
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00133-00058049-00059044 plus a transpose of transport
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00134-00059045-00059590 that is a plus a transpose that implies
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00135-00059591-00060124 V 2 a plus a transpose a the autonomous
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00136-00060125-00060566 a yeah
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00137-00060567-00061134 Colton is equal to an A plus a top-rate
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00138-00061135-00061929 implies usually symmetrical semi
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00139-00061929-00062289 Matrixyl how come they take care
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00140-00062290-00062691 similarly a - eight hours all 12 ounce
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00141-00062691-00063176 is equal to beta - a Turkish cotton was
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00142-00063177-00063735 equal to theta minus e the Apple -
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00143-00063736-00063783 cumbria
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00144-00063784-00064229 - E - data the negative are rotating
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00145-00064230-00064730 place you get a minus a transpose is a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00146-00064732-00065329 scale symmetric askew
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00147-00065329-00065824 that is a a sum of symmetric and
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00148-00065825-00066864 exclusivity to from first you can say
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00149-00066865-00067138 so first
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00150-00067139-00067426 so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00151-00067427-00067900 kay kay is
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00152-00067901-00068217 so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00153-00068218-00068800 symmetric
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00154-00068801-00069653 this kiss
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00155-00069654-00070557 matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00156-00070558-00070844 - hum see that I get to do it eliminated
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00157-00070845-00071205 a Hispanic if they get about 90 okay
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00158-00071206-00071682 every square matrix every is Kermit
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00159-00071683-00072005 tapes can be expressed as a sum of
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00160-00072006-00072279 symmetric and if kids have a trick
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00161-00072280-00072555 matrix the eight kilometer per annum
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00162-00072556-00072843 isthmus is manicure gotta bill called
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00163-00072844-00073068 same easy pattern although no comment
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00164-00073069-00073299 exacting little hope modulus remember
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00165-00073300-00073594 yard Bo Jackie cake sure against my body
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00166-00073595-00073884 Jenny do see the armor but at a local
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00167-00073885-00074235 term he patterning the other change name
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00168-00074236-00074719 getting him it is absurd
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00169-00074720-00075243 theorem second
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00170-00075244-00075553 every
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00171-00075554-00076227 square matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00172-00076228-00076784 can be expressed
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00173-00076785-00077222 is it so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00174-00077223-00077527 so
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00175-00077528-00077806 our mission
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00176-00077807-00078077 no mention
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00177-00078078-00078319 and
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00178-00078320-00078554 is given
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00179-00078555-00079058 excu I mean Shen
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00180-00079059-00079582 matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00181-00079583-00080322 proof chapter
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00182-00080323-00080731 let a BA
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00183-00080732-00081088 his critics
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00184-00081089-00081621 et square matrix so k is equal to same
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00185-00081622-00082039 RK plus coughing critic at me
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00186-00082040-00082423 other a adversity only it's my idea when
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00187-00082424-00082660 upon to a Teta the year balance
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00188-00082661-00083050 organically subtract week ago the upper
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00189-00083051-00083347 arm a commonly available to a plus 8
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00190-00083348-00084085 that's a to a moment if checkering a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00191-00084086-00084577 plus 88 is dramatic italia is equal to 8
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00192-00084578-00085003 it up plus 80 taco whole teeter is equal
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00193-00085004-00085122 to ay tuta
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00194-00085123-00086326 plus datum times a plus a theta
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00195-00086327-00086698 matrix q you got a mission keep property
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00196-00086699-00087004 geography a mission to opportunity a
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00197-00087005-00087662 theta is equal to e
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00198-00087663-00087847 holy
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00199-00087848-00088200 - yeah yeah you scripted effects theta
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00200-00088201-00088581 is equal to X the hermitian Irish
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00201-00088582-00088768 abilities similarly humming earlier
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00202-00088769-00089191 second part
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00203-00089192-00089716 a minus theta 2 D theta is equal to 8
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00204-00089717-00090462 ETA minus beta theta is equal to 8 litre
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00205-00090463-00091180 - a taking carbon - a - a Twitter that
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00206-00091181-00091590 applies a a minus 8 ETA if
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00207-00091591-00092215 skew-hermitian
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00208-00092216-00092524 matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00209-00092525-00092880 because terabyte per square theta is
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00210-00092881-00093229 equal to minus BL the a hermitian matrix
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00211-00093230-00093688 Coolatta
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00212-00093689-00094108 they do to Mt what apparently Escobar
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00213-00094109-00094531 I'm Nick questions gardener questions
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00214-00094532-00094893 what other engines for booster car
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00215-00094894-00097614 multiplications
7xO2YDQ8z0u-00216-00097615-00097989 a question
7_KT9XpMQNg-00000-00000006-00000265 why are my one big gangster Eddie I'm
7_KT9XpMQNg-00001-00000266-00000551 not watching this [__] no man's got no
7_KT9XpMQNg-00002-00000552-00001000 keys telling my clothes no stop please
7_KT9XpMQNg-00003-00001001-00001287 what's good YouTube miss you boy love my
7_KT9XpMQNg-00004-00001288-00001516 teddy and I'm back today with another
7_KT9XpMQNg-00005-00001517-00001892 bang bang anger baby I already know it
7_KT9XpMQNg-00006-00001893-00002323 is man so today I'm gonna be reacting to
7_KT9XpMQNg-00007-00002324-00002443 this
7_KT9XpMQNg-00008-00002444-00002941 HBK JJ no hook official video so if yeah
7_KT9XpMQNg-00009-00002942-00003317 I don't know who HBK is that's Dini jeez
7_KT9XpMQNg-00010-00003318-00003953 a little sister boyfriend yep yep DDG
7_KT9XpMQNg-00011-00003954-00004213 like what is like 12 13 14 your little
7_KT9XpMQNg-00012-00004214-00004522 sister datin yeah that little [__] so
7_KT9XpMQNg-00013-00004523-00004775 and this supposed to be some gangster
7_KT9XpMQNg-00014-00004776-00004919 rap I don't believe it
7_KT9XpMQNg-00015-00004920-00005220 I ain't with it but I'm react to it so
7_KT9XpMQNg-00016-00005221-00005506 as you already know man go ahead and
7_KT9XpMQNg-00017-00005507-00005756 slap that thumbs up button go ahead and
7_KT9XpMQNg-00018-00005757-00005986 subscribe on hate on your post
7_KT9XpMQNg-00019-00005987-00006152 notifications you to see every time I
7_KT9XpMQNg-00020-00006153-00006409 upload it ly a is reaction just going
7_KT9XpMQNg-00021-00006411-00006637 here man
7_KT9XpMQNg-00022-00006638-00007100 they just does just don't hit get into
7_KT9XpMQNg-00023-00007101-00007442 the video I'm curious to see about you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00024-00007443-00007802 know what the [__] did do that I ain't
7_KT9XpMQNg-00025-00007803-00007981 even heard the last one I know everybody
7_KT9XpMQNg-00026-00007983-00008216 just had me react to this so I'm gonna
7_KT9XpMQNg-00027-00008217-00008758 go ahead react to it wasn't you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00028-00008759-00009526 [Applause]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00029-00009527-00010294 I feel like once you step on the sauce I
7_KT9XpMQNg-00030-00010295-00010577 feel like this body be the most fakest
7_KT9XpMQNg-00031-00010578-00010816 gangster rap over her in my life [__]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00032-00010817-00010991 this is gonna be some bull see that
7_KT9XpMQNg-00033-00010992-00011317 drill [__] some goddamn knockoff Chicago
7_KT9XpMQNg-00034-00011318-00011638 sit some little got them I wanna be
7_KT9XpMQNg-00036-00014643-00015086 knee literally got fifty dollars and in
7_KT9XpMQNg-00037-00015087-00015383 the hand matter fact he got all the
7_KT9XpMQNg-00038-00015384-00015428 money
7_KT9XpMQNg-00039-00015429-00015755 DG gay it listened to for a birthday in
7_KT9XpMQNg-00040-00015756-00016174 his hand either why that [__] looks so
7_KT9XpMQNg-00041-00016175-00016505 there's these [__] look like they grab
7_KT9XpMQNg-00042-00016506-00016715 the iPhone 5 and recorded this video
7_KT9XpMQNg-00043-00016716-00016799 lungi
7_KT9XpMQNg-00044-00016800-00017588 OH
7_KT9XpMQNg-00046-00021094-00021339 anytime so hard to keep flexing that
7_KT9XpMQNg-00047-00021340-00021669 money I'm about broke his thumb trying
7_KT9XpMQNg-00048-00021670-00021883 to flip through that [__] boy we better
7_KT9XpMQNg-00049-00021884-00022288 stop ID beat this gangsta rap everybody
7_KT9XpMQNg-00050-00022289-00022474 everybody can't rap everybody one around
7_KT9XpMQNg-00051-00022475-00025013 but everybody came
7_KT9XpMQNg-00052-00025014-00025650 [Applause]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00053-00025651-00025918 these [__] out that Street [__] don't
7_KT9XpMQNg-00054-00025919-00026283 live it for real example number one you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00055-00026285-00026677 my [__] now I don't know you you right
7_KT9XpMQNg-00056-00026677-00026848 don't know you probably look you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00057-00026849-00026992 probably gonna watch this and say [__]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00058-00026993-00027274 y'all know me I beat your ass I think I
7_KT9XpMQNg-00059-00027275-00027510 don't know you I think it won't be my
7_KT9XpMQNg-00060-00027511-00027691 this [__] is god
7_KT9XpMQNg-00061-00027692-00028111 gob IDEs yeah I gotta stop [__] got to
7_KT9XpMQNg-00062-00028112-00028348 stop thinking that gangsta rappers just
7_KT9XpMQNg-00063-00028349-00028501 because that stay favorite music or
7_KT9XpMQNg-00064-00028502-00028920 these [__] you know got I don't [__]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00065-00028922-00029177 you know these [__] got one month
7_KT9XpMQNg-00066-00029179-00029464 [__] getting to fights these
7_KT9XpMQNg-00067-00029464-00029707 [__] they don't look for the hardest
7_KT9XpMQNg-00068-00029708-00029938 [__] gonna wear you know see
7_KT9XpMQNg-00069-00029939-00030181 what happened to see
7_KT9XpMQNg-00070-00030182-00031945 [Applause]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00071-00031947-00033636 [Music]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00072-00033637-00036449 [Applause]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00073-00036450-00036732 why are my one big gangster this thing
7_KT9XpMQNg-00074-00036733-00037293 is someone sitting in the sale everybody
7_KT9XpMQNg-00075-00037294-00037499 one be gangster nine days huh
7_KT9XpMQNg-00076-00037500-00037898 everybody's real rapper everybody must
7_KT9XpMQNg-00077-00037899-00038274 wear to ride and I money I'm not
7_KT9XpMQNg-00078-00038275-00038814 watching this [__] turn hey brother you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00079-00038815-00039245 got a lot of use the DDG reacted to it
7_KT9XpMQNg-00080-00039246-00039533 cool brother
7_KT9XpMQNg-00081-00039534-00039896 you wanna be rapping you got a lot to
7_KT9XpMQNg-00082-00039897-00040029 work on you might want to take notes
7_KT9XpMQNg-00083-00040030-00040418 from DDG Nathan done it so um you know
7_KT9XpMQNg-00084-00040419-00040719 you had a good run you got two videos
7_KT9XpMQNg-00085-00040720-00040890 with like two hundred thousand views I
7_KT9XpMQNg-00086-00040891-00041085 get you one of those views going over
7_KT9XpMQNg-00087-00041086-00041565 you won't get another but you got
7_KT9XpMQNg-00088-00041566-00041751 ambition brother keep going you're doing
7_KT9XpMQNg-00089-00041752-00041949 do YouTube this I'm you know saying go
7_KT9XpMQNg-00090-00041950-00042480 make you some money you know go make you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00091-00042481-00042798 some money do it in you're gonna do what
7_KT9XpMQNg-00092-00042799-00043083 better gangsta rap ain't the way to go
7_KT9XpMQNg-00093-00043084-00043362 all this drill [__] everybody need
7_KT9XpMQNg-00094-00043363-00043662 mumbling and hard in his teeth ain't
7_KT9XpMQNg-00095-00043663-00044019 nobody go look at 6-9 money look six
7_KT9XpMQNg-00096-00044020-00044313 nine what that's the end of the video
7_KT9XpMQNg-00097-00044314-00044595 for me man I'm not watching this no more
7_KT9XpMQNg-00098-00044596-00045449 mmm so I don't I mean it is what it is
7_KT9XpMQNg-00099-00045450-00045984 HBK JJ no hook fish video reaction by
7_KT9XpMQNg-00100-00045985-00046211 bellomont did it I came out with another
7_KT9XpMQNg-00101-00046212-00046443 bang bang bang
7_KT9XpMQNg-00102-00046444-00046875 or maybe amen kids there's another way
7_KT9XpMQNg-00103-00046876-00047130 out ain't always got to be gangsta rap
7_KT9XpMQNg-00104-00047131-00047304 because when somebody texture it's not
7_KT9XpMQNg-00105-00047305-00047514 your time to go together here my mother
7_KT9XpMQNg-00106-00047515-00047739 is really turning option start coming
7_KT9XpMQNg-00107-00047740-00047985 around that [__] shooting you gonna be
7_KT9XpMQNg-00108-00047986-00048323 quick through the relays brother so I
7_KT9XpMQNg-00109-00048324-00048603 guess there's brother mine did it back
7_KT9XpMQNg-00110-00048604-00048741 with another video go ahead and
7_KT9XpMQNg-00111-00048742-00049098 subscribe hit that thumbs up button you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00112-00049099-00049374 know I'm saying it did thumbs up button
7_KT9XpMQNg-00113-00049375-00049644 share the video man turning oppose
7_KT9XpMQNg-00114-00049645-00049806 notification so you see every time a
7_KT9XpMQNg-00115-00049807-00050561 little early AAS reaction a a anyway
7_KT9XpMQNg-00116-00050562-00050937 kids the message for you today is you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00117-00050938-00051060 don't have to be a gangster ever
7_KT9XpMQNg-00118-00051061-00051408 not everybody is about that life do
7_KT9XpMQNg-00119-00051409-00051657 something be a lawyer be a doctor be
7_KT9XpMQNg-00120-00051658-00051965 youtuber even you know I'm a youtuber
7_KT9XpMQNg-00121-00051966-00052233 you know you success it's a lot of
7_KT9XpMQNg-00122-00052234-00052505 successful youtubers you know though you
7_KT9XpMQNg-00123-00052507-00052770 know [__] going to regular job [__]
7_KT9XpMQNg-00124-00052771-00053148 Kroger's I don't know but gangster rap
7_KT9XpMQNg-00125-00053149-00053364 name for everybody we can see through
7_KT9XpMQNg-00126-00053365-00053970 with [__] peace out baby yes
7DIhIsKuBW0-00000-00000129-00000644 [Music]
7DIhIsKuBW0-00001-00000645-00001110 hello this is dr. toboggan and I'm here
7DIhIsKuBW0-00002-00001111-00001368 with a science lesson I'm in Minecraft
7DIhIsKuBW0-00003-00001369-00001589 because I think it has something that
7DIhIsKuBW0-00004-00001590-00002114 will help us understand today's lesson
7DIhIsKuBW0-00005-00002115-00002645 this is bedrock no matter how long you
7DIhIsKuBW0-00006-00002646-00003084 pick at it will not break it cannot be
7DIhIsKuBW0-00007-00003085-00003400 created and it cannot be destroyed
7DIhIsKuBW0-00008-00003401-00003656 there's no force that can create a
7DIhIsKuBW0-00009-00003657-00003918 destroyed on the game this is like
7DIhIsKuBW0-00010-00003919-00004227 energy energy cannot be created or
7DIhIsKuBW0-00011-00004228-00004562 destroyed it can change forms it cannot
7DIhIsKuBW0-00012-00004563-00004793 be created and it cannot be destroyed
7DIhIsKuBW0-00013-00004794-00005105 oh it's a lot like bedrock you might ask
7DIhIsKuBW0-00014-00005106-00005493 well what does this have to do with
7DIhIsKuBW0-00015-00005494-00005700 anything why am i why am i teaching this
7DIhIsKuBW0-00016-00005701-00005906 everyone knows this well this is very
7DIhIsKuBW0-00017-00005907-00006428 important because according to theists
7DIhIsKuBW0-00018-00006429-00006864 God created the universe but energy
7DIhIsKuBW0-00019-00006865-00007409 cannot be created or destroyed so how
7DIhIsKuBW0-00020-00007409-00007863 did God create energy it's impossible
7DIhIsKuBW0-00021-00007864-00008106 because energy cannot be created or
7DIhIsKuBW0-00022-00008106-00008276 destroyed
7DIhIsKuBW0-00023-00008277-00008790 so theism violates science if you
7DIhIsKuBW0-00024-00008791-00009062 believe in God you are it by science
7DIhIsKuBW0-00025-00009063-00009435 because just like bedrock is not created
7DIhIsKuBW0-00026-00009436-00009822 energy cannot be created and therefore
7DIhIsKuBW0-00027-00009823-00010709 God not are you bored tired
7DIhIsKuBW0-00028-00010710-00010958 why not only Syrian turn to these if
7DIhIsKuBW0-00029-00010959-00011205 troparion is a fantasy
7DIhIsKuBW0-00030-00011206-00011462 irritated by three ecumenical councils
7DIhIsKuBW0-00031-00011463-00011694 first row posit eyes from us was the
7DIhIsKuBW0-00032-00011695-00012015 mother John the Baptist
7ETKdZPHtFM-00000-00000403-00000599 [Music]
7ETKdZPHtFM-00001-00000600-00000790 my name is abdul aziz muhammad
7ETKdZPHtFM-00002-00000791-00001039 originally from north sudan particularly
7ETKdZPHtFM-00003-00001040-00001127 darfur
7ETKdZPHtFM-00004-00001128-00001431 split the country in 2013 end up in
7ETKdZPHtFM-00005-00001432-00001535 australia
7ETKdZPHtFM-00006-00001536-00001863 and seeking asylum but i mean instead i
7ETKdZPHtFM-00007-00001864-00001910 got
7ETKdZPHtFM-00008-00001911-00002223 sent to a detention center spending
7ETKdZPHtFM-00009-00002224-00002510 60 years in the middle of nowhere in a
7ETKdZPHtFM-00010-00002511-00002655 six and a half years in the middle of
7ETKdZPHtFM-00011-00002656-00002855 nowhere in the places where
7ETKdZPHtFM-00012-00002856-00003199 the conditions are indescribables and
7ETKdZPHtFM-00013-00003200-00003463 there is zero humanity and zero
7ETKdZPHtFM-00014-00003464-00003575 tolerance
7ETKdZPHtFM-00015-00003576-00003799 again on top of all of that we have also
7ETKdZPHtFM-00016-00003800-00003895 experienced something
7ETKdZPHtFM-00017-00003896-00004206 new which is a pushback on top of all of
7ETKdZPHtFM-00018-00004207-00004422 our experience but that is the moment
7ETKdZPHtFM-00019-00004423-00004654 when i personally ask myself
7ETKdZPHtFM-00020-00004655-00004902 what is the convention stand for and why
7ETKdZPHtFM-00021-00004903-00005054 country like australia
7ETKdZPHtFM-00022-00005055-00005206 it's one of the western liberal
7ETKdZPHtFM-00023-00005207-00005359 democratic country
7ETKdZPHtFM-00024-00005360-00005670 is starting to abolish the the the
7ETKdZPHtFM-00025-00005671-00005815 geneva convention
7ETKdZPHtFM-00026-00005816-00006095 and that question actually strike me and
7ETKdZPHtFM-00027-00006096-00006238 make me really think
7ETKdZPHtFM-00028-00006239-00006486 day and night day and night to see that
7ETKdZPHtFM-00029-00006487-00006678 what is the geneva convention why the
7ETKdZPHtFM-00030-00006679-00006887 geneva convention is getting weaker and
7ETKdZPHtFM-00031-00006888-00006934 weaker
7ETKdZPHtFM-00032-00006936-00007191 why countries the western liberal
7ETKdZPHtFM-00033-00007192-00007303 democratic country
7ETKdZPHtFM-00034-00007304-00007534 they start i mean undermining the
7ETKdZPHtFM-00035-00007536-00007767 convention which is their own signatures
7ETKdZPHtFM-00036-00007768-00008006 what can we do all of us we need to come
7ETKdZPHtFM-00037-00008008-00008174 together to a point that to say
7ETKdZPHtFM-00038-00008175-00008407 no detention center no comes because
7ETKdZPHtFM-00039-00008408-00008614 detention center and come it's
7ETKdZPHtFM-00040-00008615-00008919 excluding people from the community
7ETKdZPHtFM-00041-00008920-00009231 it's showing that you and and us which
7ETKdZPHtFM-00042-00009232-00009327 means you guys
7ETKdZPHtFM-00043-00009328-00009551 are refugee and us we are the western we
7ETKdZPHtFM-00044-00009552-00009655 don't want you
7ETKdZPHtFM-00045-00009656-00009935 we need to erase that point that we say
7ETKdZPHtFM-00046-00009936-00010046 refugees
7ETKdZPHtFM-00047-00010047-00010351 migrants whoever you are welcome
7ETKdZPHtFM-00048-00010352-00010583 and in order to say that we have to all
7ETKdZPHtFM-00049-00010584-00010783 come together to a point to say
7ETKdZPHtFM-00050-00010784-00010959 offer their medications when they come
7ETKdZPHtFM-00051-00010960-00011142 to our society we need to offer them an
7ETKdZPHtFM-00052-00011143-00011231 education
7ETKdZPHtFM-00053-00011232-00011551 and that education will end up having a
7ETKdZPHtFM-00054-00011552-00011846 absolutely enormous contributions and
7ETKdZPHtFM-00055-00011847-00012031 that contribution will make
7ETKdZPHtFM-00056-00012032-00012287 this world as a better place and the
7ETKdZPHtFM-00057-00012288-00012487 world we can live in a world where we
7ETKdZPHtFM-00058-00012488-00012583 cannot say
7ETKdZPHtFM-00059-00012584-00012943 you you versus us or us versus them
7ETKdZPHtFM-00060-00012944-00014376 we will eliminate that
7G0ibwFS81u-00000-00000012-00000311 the history of tea is long and complex
7G0ibwFS81u-00001-00000312-00000540 spreading across multiple cultures over
7G0ibwFS81u-00002-00000541-00000783 the span of thousands of years tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00003-00000784-00001002 likely originated in the yunnan region
7G0ibwFS81u-00004-00001002-00001185 during the Shang Dynasty as a medicinal
7G0ibwFS81u-00005-00001186-00001475 drink an early credible record of tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00006-00001476-00001713 drinking dates to the 3rd century AD in
7G0ibwFS81u-00007-00001714-00002016 a medical text written by wah to L tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00008-00002017-00002196 was first introduced to Portuguese
7G0ibwFS81u-00009-00002197-00002388 priests and merchants in Lebanon during
7G0ibwFS81u-00010-00002389-00002693 the 16th century drinking tea became
7G0ibwFS81u-00011-00002694-00002898 popular in Britain during the 17th
7G0ibwFS81u-00012-00002899-00003123 century the British introduced tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00013-00003124-00003354 production as well as tea consumption to
7G0ibwFS81u-00014-00003354-00003525 India in order to compete with the
7G0ibwFS81u-00015-00003526-00004176 Chinese monopoly on tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00016-00004177-00004784 topic Geographic origins
7G0ibwFS81u-00017-00004785-00005056 Camellia sinensis originated in
7G0ibwFS81u-00018-00005057-00005313 Southeast Asia specifically around the
7G0ibwFS81u-00019-00005314-00005584 intersection of latitude 29 degrees
7G0ibwFS81u-00020-00005585-00005913 north and longitude 98 degrees east the
7G0ibwFS81u-00021-00005914-00006102 point of confluence of the lands of
7G0ibwFS81u-00022-00006103-00006372 Northeast India North Burma Southwest
7G0ibwFS81u-00023-00006373-00006699 China and Tibet the plant was introduced
7G0ibwFS81u-00024-00006700-00006937 to more than 52 countries from this
7G0ibwFS81u-00025-00006938-00007198 center of a region
7G0ibwFS81u-00026-00007198-00007438 on morphological differences between the
7G0ibwFS81u-00027-00007439-00007687 Assamese and Chinese varieties botanists
7G0ibwFS81u-00028-00007688-00007876 have long asserted a dual botanical
7G0ibwFS81u-00029-00007877-00007984 origin for tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00030-00007984-00008242 however statistical cluster analysis the
7G0ibwFS81u-00031-00008243-00008517 same chromosome number 2n equals 30 ez
7G0ibwFS81u-00032-00008518-00008731 hybridization and various types of
7G0ibwFS81u-00033-00008732-00008926 intermediate hybrids and spontaneous
7G0ibwFS81u-00034-00008927-00009130 polyploids all appear to demonstrate a
7G0ibwFS81u-00035-00009131-00009327 single place of origin for camellia
7G0ibwFS81u-00036-00009328-00009577 sinensis the area including the northern
7G0ibwFS81u-00037-00009578-00009774 part of Burma and Yunnan and Sichuan
7G0ibwFS81u-00038-00009775-00010030 provinces of China yunnan province has
7G0ibwFS81u-00039-00010031-00010273 also been identified as the birthplace
7G0ibwFS81u-00040-00010274-00010708 of tea dot the first area where humans
7G0ibwFS81u-00041-00010709-00010918 figured out that eating tea leaves or
7G0ibwFS81u-00042-00010919-00011230 brewing a cup could be pleasant function
7G0ibwFS81u-00043-00011231-00011443 county in the linking city Prefecture of
7G0ibwFS81u-00044-00011444-00011662 Yunnan Province in China is said to be
7G0ibwFS81u-00045-00011663-00011851 home to the world's oldest cultivated
7G0ibwFS81u-00046-00011852-00012157 tea tree some 3,200 years old according
7G0ibwFS81u-00047-00012158-00012391 to the story of tea tea drinking likely
7G0ibwFS81u-00048-00012392-00012574 began in Yunnan Province during the
7G0ibwFS81u-00049-00012575-00012988 Shang Dynasty 1500 BC took 1046 BC as a
7G0ibwFS81u-00050-00012988-00013255 medicinal drink from there the drink
7G0ibwFS81u-00051-00013256-00013438 spread to Sichuan and it is believed
7G0ibwFS81u-00052-00013438-00013606 that there for the first time people
7G0ibwFS81u-00053-00013607-00013794 began to boil tea leaves for consumption
7G0ibwFS81u-00054-00013795-00013993 into a concentrated liquid without the
7G0ibwFS81u-00055-00013994-00014152 addition of other leaves or herbs
7G0ibwFS81u-00056-00014153-00014350 thereby using tea as a bitter yet
7G0ibwFS81u-00057-00014351-00014524 stimulating drink rather than as a
7G0ibwFS81u-00058-00014525-00015144 medicinal concoction
7G0ibwFS81u-00059-00015145-00015683 topic origin myths
7G0ibwFS81u-00060-00015684-00015965 in one popular Chinese legend Shennong
7G0ibwFS81u-00061-00015966-00016166 the legendary emperor of China and
7G0ibwFS81u-00062-00016166-00016355 inventor of agriculture and Chinese
7G0ibwFS81u-00063-00016356-00016538 medicine was drinking a bowl of just
7G0ibwFS81u-00064-00016539-00016724 boiled water due to a decree that his
7G0ibwFS81u-00065-00016725-00016913 subjects must boil water before drinking
7G0ibwFS81u-00066-00016914-00017378 it sometime around 2737 BC a few leaves
7G0ibwFS81u-00067-00017379-00017591 were blown from a nearby tree into his
7G0ibwFS81u-00068-00017592-00017867 water changing the color and taste the
7G0ibwFS81u-00069-00017868-00018050 emperor took a sip of the brew and was
7G0ibwFS81u-00070-00018051-00018257 pleasantly surprised by its flavor and
7G0ibwFS81u-00071-00018258-00018530 restorative properties a variant of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00072-00018531-00018728 legend tells that the emperor tested the
7G0ibwFS81u-00073-00018729-00018928 medical properties of various herbs on
7G0ibwFS81u-00074-00018929-00018986 himself
7G0ibwFS81u-00075-00018987-00019184 some of them poisonous and found tea to
7G0ibwFS81u-00076-00019185-00019453 work as an antidote Shennong is also
7G0ibwFS81u-00077-00019454-00019667 mentioned in Lu use famous early work on
7G0ibwFS81u-00078-00019668-00019969 the subject the classic of tea a similar
7G0ibwFS81u-00079-00019970-00020150 Chinese legend goes that the god of
7G0ibwFS81u-00080-00020151-00020363 Agriculture would chew the leaves stems
7G0ibwFS81u-00081-00020364-00020578 and roots of various plants to discover
7G0ibwFS81u-00082-00020579-00020825 medicinal herbs if he consumed a
7G0ibwFS81u-00083-00020826-00021022 poisonous plant he would chew tea leaves
7G0ibwFS81u-00084-00021023-00021290 to counteract the poison a rather
7G0ibwFS81u-00085-00021291-00021491 gruesome legend dates back to the Tang
7G0ibwFS81u-00086-00021492-00021767 Dynasty in the legend Bodhidharma the
7G0ibwFS81u-00087-00021768-00021980 founder of Chan Buddhism accidentally
7G0ibwFS81u-00088-00021981-00022190 fell asleep after meditating in front of
7G0ibwFS81u-00089-00022191-00022472 a wall for nine years he woke up in such
7G0ibwFS81u-00090-00022473-00022661 disgust at his weakness that he cut off
7G0ibwFS81u-00091-00022662-00022894 his own eyelids they fell to the ground
7G0ibwFS81u-00092-00022895-00023164 and took root growing into tea bushes
7G0ibwFS81u-00093-00023165-00023393 sometimes another version of the story
7G0ibwFS81u-00094-00023394-00023636 is told with gautuma Buddha in place of
7G0ibwFS81u-00095-00023637-00023849 Bodhi Dharma scholars however believe
7G0ibwFS81u-00096-00023850-00024047 that tea drinking likely originated in
7G0ibwFS81u-00097-00024048-00024218 the southwest of China and that the
7G0ibwFS81u-00098-00024219-00024413 Chinese words for tea themselves may
7G0ibwFS81u-00099-00024414-00024578 have been originally derived from the
7G0ibwFS81u-00100-00024579-00024805 austroasiatic languages of the people
7G0ibwFS81u-00101-00024806-00024983 who originally inhabited that area
7G0ibwFS81u-00102-00024984-00025166 whether or not these legends have any
7G0ibwFS81u-00103-00025167-00025349 basis in fact tea has played a
7G0ibwFS81u-00104-00025350-00025562 significant role in Asian culture for
7G0ibwFS81u-00105-00025563-00025739 centuries as a staple beverage a
7G0ibwFS81u-00106-00025739-00026020 curative and a status symbol it is not
7G0ibwFS81u-00107-00026022-00026227 surprising therefore that theories of
7G0ibwFS81u-00108-00026228-00026423 its origin are often religious or royal
7G0ibwFS81u-00109-00026424-00026994 in nature
7G0ibwFS81u-00110-00026995-00027530 topic early history
7G0ibwFS81u-00111-00027531-00027868 you
7G0ibwFS81u-00112-00027869-00028344 topic China
7G0ibwFS81u-00113-00028345-00028560 the Chinese have consumed tea for
7G0ibwFS81u-00114-00028561-00028800 thousands of years the earliest physical
7G0ibwFS81u-00115-00028801-00029043 evidence known to date found in 2016
7G0ibwFS81u-00116-00029044-00029250 comes from the mausoleum of Emperor Jing
7G0ibwFS81u-00117-00029251-00029472 of Han Incheon indicating that tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00118-00029473-00029679 drunk by Han Dynasty Emperor's as early
7G0ibwFS81u-00119-00029680-00029988 as the 2nd century BC the samples were
7G0ibwFS81u-00120-00029989-00030158 identified as tea from the genus
7G0ibwFS81u-00121-00030160-00030351 camellia particularly via mass
7G0ibwFS81u-00122-00030352-00030588 spectrometry and written records suggest
7G0ibwFS81u-00123-00030589-00030737 that it may have been drunk earlier
7G0ibwFS81u-00124-00030738-00031023 people of the Han Dynasty used tea as
7G0ibwFS81u-00125-00031024-00031214 medicine though the first use of tea as
7G0ibwFS81u-00126-00031216-00031467 a stimulant is unknown China is
7G0ibwFS81u-00127-00031468-00031650 considered to have the earliest records
7G0ibwFS81u-00128-00031651-00031860 of tea consumption with possible records
7G0ibwFS81u-00129-00031861-00032169 dating back to the 10th century BC note
7G0ibwFS81u-00130-00032170-00032345 however that the current word for tea in
7G0ibwFS81u-00131-00032347-00032564 Chinese only came into use in the 8th
7G0ibwFS81u-00132-00032566-00032757 century AD there are therefore in
7G0ibwFS81u-00133-00032758-00032913 certainties as to whether the older
7G0ibwFS81u-00134-00032914-00033177 words used are the same as tea the word
7G0ibwFS81u-00135-00033178-00033408 2 2 appears in Qing and other ancient
7G0ibwFS81u-00136-00033409-00033633 texts to signify a kind of bitter
7G0ibwFS81u-00137-00033634-00033921 vegetable Koo Chi and it is possible
7G0ibwFS81u-00138-00033922-00034056 that it referred to a number of
7G0ibwFS81u-00139-00034057-00034248 different plants such as so this'll
7G0ibwFS81u-00140-00034249-00034506 chicory or smartweed including tea in
7G0ibwFS81u-00141-00034507-00034743 the chronicles of why young it was
7G0ibwFS81u-00142-00034744-00034944 reported that the bop people in Sichuan
7G0ibwFS81u-00143-00034945-00035220 presented to to the joke King the state
7G0ibwFS81u-00144-00035221-00035397 of ba and its neighbors who were later
7G0ibwFS81u-00145-00035398-00035577 conquered by the Qin and according to
7G0ibwFS81u-00146-00035578-00035814 the 17th century scholar Gillian Wu who
7G0ibwFS81u-00147-00035815-00036081 wrote in Reggie Lu regime it was after
7G0ibwFS81u-00148-00036082-00036282 the Qin had taken Shu that they learned
7G0ibwFS81u-00149-00036283-00036558 how to drink tea the first known
7G0ibwFS81u-00150-00036559-00036756 reference to boiling tea came from the
7G0ibwFS81u-00151-00036757-00036990 Han Dynasty work the contract for a
7G0ibwFS81u-00152-00036991-00037263 youth written by Wang Bao where among
7G0ibwFS81u-00153-00037264-00037461 the tasks listed to be undertaken by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00154-00037462-00037692 youth he shall boil tea and fill the
7G0ibwFS81u-00155-00037693-00038051 utensils and he shall buy tea at Wuyang
7G0ibwFS81u-00156-00038052-00038346 the first record of cultivation of tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00157-00038347-00038580 also dated it to this period Gann Lu era
7G0ibwFS81u-00158-00038581-00038769 of emperors and of Han when tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00159-00038770-00038982 cultivated on mang Mountain mentioned
7G0ibwFS81u-00160-00038983-00039246 near Chengdu from the tank to the Qing
7G0ibwFS81u-00161-00039247-00039537 dynasty's the first 360 leaves of tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00162-00039538-00039702 grown here were picked each spring and
7G0ibwFS81u-00163-00039703-00039966 presented to the Emperor even today it's
7G0ibwFS81u-00164-00039967-00040191 green and yellow teas such as the Magnum
7G0ibwFS81u-00165-00040192-00040377 gam Lutie are still sought-after
7G0ibwFS81u-00166-00040378-00040674 an unknown Chinese inventor was also the
7G0ibwFS81u-00167-00040675-00040877 first person to invent a tea shredder an
7G0ibwFS81u-00168-00040878-00041142 early credible record of tea drinking
7G0ibwFS81u-00169-00041143-00041436 dates to 220 ad in a medical text she'll
7G0ibwFS81u-00170-00041437-00041733 hoon she loomed by hua tuo who stated to
7G0ibwFS81u-00171-00041734-00041943 drink bitter - constantly makes one
7G0ibwFS81u-00172-00041944-00042210 think better another possible early
7G0ibwFS81u-00173-00042211-00042384 reference to tea as found in a letter
7G0ibwFS81u-00174-00042385-00042593 written by the Qin Dynasty general liu
7G0ibwFS81u-00175-00042594-00042893 kun however before the mid eight century
7G0ibwFS81u-00176-00042894-00043112 Tang Dynasty tea drinking was primarily
7G0ibwFS81u-00177-00043113-00043395 a southern Chinese practice it became
7G0ibwFS81u-00178-00043396-00043620 widely popular during the Tang Dynasty
7G0ibwFS81u-00179-00043621-00043833 when it was spread to Korea Japan and
7G0ibwFS81u-00180-00043834-00043921 Vietnam
7G0ibwFS81u-00181-00043922-00044250 Lao Zi the classical Chinese philosopher
7G0ibwFS81u-00182-00044251-00044499 was said to describe tias the froth of
7G0ibwFS81u-00183-00044500-00044718 the liquid jade and named it an
7G0ibwFS81u-00184-00044719-00044925 indispensable ingredient to the elixir
7G0ibwFS81u-00185-00044926-00045174 of life legend has it that Master Lau
7G0ibwFS81u-00186-00045175-00045390 was saddened by society's moral decay
7G0ibwFS81u-00187-00045391-00045585 and sensing that the end of the dynasty
7G0ibwFS81u-00188-00045586-00045771 was near he journeyed westward to the
7G0ibwFS81u-00189-00045772-00045975 unsettled territories never to be seen
7G0ibwFS81u-00190-00045976-00046011 again
7G0ibwFS81u-00191-00046012-00046271 while passing along the nation's border
7G0ibwFS81u-00192-00046272-00046464 he encountered and was offered tea by a
7G0ibwFS81u-00193-00046465-00046787 customs inspector named Yin Chi yin she
7G0ibwFS81u-00194-00046788-00046980 encouraged him to compile his teachings
7G0ibwFS81u-00195-00046981-00047142 into a single book so that future
7G0ibwFS81u-00196-00047143-00047321 generations might benefit from his
7G0ibwFS81u-00197-00047322-00047568 wisdom this then became known as the
7G0ibwFS81u-00198-00047569-00047637 daodejing
7G0ibwFS81u-00199-00047638-00047859 a collection of lousy sayings during the
7G0ibwFS81u-00200-00047860-00048285 swea dynasty 589 to 618 ad tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00201-00048286-00048506 introduced to Japan by Buddhist monks
7G0ibwFS81u-00202-00048507-00048771 the tang dynasty writer lu use
7G0ibwFS81u-00203-00048772-00049023 simplified chinese liu yu traditional
7G0ibwFS81u-00204-00049024-00049329 chinese liu yu pinyin liu yu Jiang the
7G0ibwFS81u-00205-00049330-00049590 classic of tea simplified Chinese chod
7G0ibwFS81u-00206-00049591-00049796 Jiang traditional Chinese cha-ching
7G0ibwFS81u-00207-00049797-00050058 pinyin cha Jane is an early work on the
7G0ibwFS81u-00208-00050059-00050115 subject
7G0ibwFS81u-00209-00050116-00050408 see also tea classics according to cha
7G0ibwFS81u-00210-00050409-00050682 ching tea drinking was widespread the
7G0ibwFS81u-00211-00050683-00050889 book describes how to plants were grown
7G0ibwFS81u-00212-00050890-00051120 the leaves processed and tea prepared as
7G0ibwFS81u-00213-00051121-00051411 a beverage it also describes how he was
7G0ibwFS81u-00214-00051412-00051665 evaluated the book also discusses where
7G0ibwFS81u-00215-00051666-00051882 the best tea leaves were produced teas
7G0ibwFS81u-00216-00051883-00052091 produced in this period were mainly tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00217-00052092-00052265 bricks which were often used as currency
7G0ibwFS81u-00218-00052266-00052491 especially further from the center of
7G0ibwFS81u-00219-00052491-00052671 the Empire where coins lost their value
7G0ibwFS81u-00220-00052672-00052959 in this period tea leaves were steamed
7G0ibwFS81u-00221-00052960-00053151 then pounded and shaped into cake or
7G0ibwFS81u-00222-00053152-00053559 brick forms during the Song Dynasty 9601
7G0ibwFS81u-00223-00053560-00053841 279 production and preparation of all
7G0ibwFS81u-00224-00053841-00054129 tea changed the tea of song included
7G0ibwFS81u-00225-00054129-00054336 many loose leaf styles to preserve the
7G0ibwFS81u-00226-00054337-00054510 delicate character favored by court
7G0ibwFS81u-00227-00054511-00054714 society and it is the origin of today's
7G0ibwFS81u-00228-00054715-00054894 loose teas and the practice of brewed
7G0ibwFS81u-00229-00054895-00055116 tea a new powdered form
7G0ibwFS81u-00230-00055116-00055398 tea also emerged steaming tea leaves was
7G0ibwFS81u-00231-00055399-00055592 the primary process used for centuries
7G0ibwFS81u-00232-00055594-00055866 in the preparation of tea after the
7G0ibwFS81u-00233-00055866-00056046 transition from compressed T to the
7G0ibwFS81u-00234-00056047-00056244 powdered form the production of tea for
7G0ibwFS81u-00235-00056245-00056432 Trade and distribution changed once
7G0ibwFS81u-00236-00056433-00056748 again the Chinese learned to process tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00237-00056749-00056916 in a different way in the mid 13th
7G0ibwFS81u-00238-00056916-00057200 century tea leaves were roasted and then
7G0ibwFS81u-00239-00057201-00057447 crumbled rather than steamed by the yuan
7G0ibwFS81u-00240-00057448-00057675 and Ming dynasties unfermented D leaves
7G0ibwFS81u-00241-00057676-00057879 were first pan-fried then rolled and
7G0ibwFS81u-00242-00057879-00058181 dried this stops the oxidation process
7G0ibwFS81u-00243-00058182-00058371 which turns the Lee's dark and allows
7G0ibwFS81u-00244-00058372-00058643 tea to remain green in the 15th century
7G0ibwFS81u-00245-00058644-00058872 along tea where the tea leaves were
7G0ibwFS81u-00246-00058873-00059054 allowed to partially ferment before pan
7G0ibwFS81u-00247-00059055-00059318 frying was developed Western taste
7G0ibwFS81u-00248-00059319-00059529 however preferred the fully oxidized
7G0ibwFS81u-00249-00059529-00059709 black tea and the leaves were allowed to
7G0ibwFS81u-00250-00059710-00059969 ferment further yellow tea was an
7G0ibwFS81u-00251-00059970-00060162 accidental discovery in the production
7G0ibwFS81u-00252-00060163-00060315 of green tea during the Ming Dynasty
7G0ibwFS81u-00253-00060316-00060587 when apparently sloppy practices allowed
7G0ibwFS81u-00254-00060588-00060713 the leaves to turn yellow
7G0ibwFS81u-00255-00060714-00060885 but yielded a different flavor as a
7G0ibwFS81u-00256-00060886-00061065 result tea production in China
7G0ibwFS81u-00257-00061066-00061256 historically was a laborious process
7G0ibwFS81u-00258-00061257-00061497 conducted in distant and often poorly
7G0ibwFS81u-00259-00061498-00061773 accessible regions this led to the rise
7G0ibwFS81u-00260-00061774-00061998 of many apocryphal stories and legends
7G0ibwFS81u-00261-00061999-00062262 surrounding the harvesting process for
7G0ibwFS81u-00262-00062263-00062487 example one story that has been told for
7G0ibwFS81u-00263-00062488-00062649 many years as that of a village where
7G0ibwFS81u-00264-00062650-00062888 monkeys picked tea according to this
7G0ibwFS81u-00265-00062889-00063084 legend the villagers stand below the
7G0ibwFS81u-00266-00063085-00063372 monkeys and tantum the monkeys in turn
7G0ibwFS81u-00267-00063373-00063593 become angry and grab handfuls of tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00268-00063594-00063750 leaves and throw them at the villagers
7G0ibwFS81u-00269-00063751-00064016 there are products sold today that claim
7G0ibwFS81u-00270-00064017-00064200 to be harvested in this manner but no
7G0ibwFS81u-00271-00064201-00064400 reliable commentators have observed this
7G0ibwFS81u-00272-00064401-00064575 firsthand and most doubt that it
7G0ibwFS81u-00273-00064576-00064815 happened at all for many hundreds of
7G0ibwFS81u-00274-00064816-00065034 years the commercially used tea tree has
7G0ibwFS81u-00275-00065035-00065219 been in shape more of the bush than a
7G0ibwFS81u-00276-00065220-00065535 tree monkey picked tea is more likely a
7G0ibwFS81u-00277-00065536-00065712 name of certain varieties than a
7G0ibwFS81u-00278-00065713-00065888 description of how it was obtained in
7G0ibwFS81u-00279-00065889-00066182 1391 the main court issued a decree that
7G0ibwFS81u-00280-00066183-00066366 only loose tea would be accepted as a
7G0ibwFS81u-00281-00066367-00066693 tribute as a result loose tea production
7G0ibwFS81u-00282-00066694-00066893 increased in processing techniques
7G0ibwFS81u-00283-00066894-00067212 advanced soon most tea was distributed
7G0ibwFS81u-00284-00067213-00067416 in full leaf loose form and steeped in
7G0ibwFS81u-00285-00067417-00067974 earthenware vessels
7G0ibwFS81u-00286-00067975-00068446 topic Hongkong
7G0ibwFS81u-00287-00068447-00068692 in Hong Kong apart from the young cha
7G0ibwFS81u-00288-00068693-00068899 culture of southern China a localized
7G0ibwFS81u-00289-00068900-00069115 version of English tea was developed the
7G0ibwFS81u-00290-00069116-00069739 Hong Kong style milk tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00291-00069740-00070219 topic Japan
7G0ibwFS81u-00292-00070220-00070482 tu spread to Japan about the sixth
7G0ibwFS81u-00293-00070483-00070747 century AD T became a drink of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00294-00070748-00071001 religious classes in Japan when Japanese
7G0ibwFS81u-00295-00071002-00071226 priests and envoys sent to China to
7G0ibwFS81u-00296-00071227-00071398 learn about its culture brought tea to
7G0ibwFS81u-00297-00071399-00071686 Japan ancient recordings indicate the
7G0ibwFS81u-00298-00071687-00071878 first batch of tea seeds were brought by
7G0ibwFS81u-00299-00071879-00072243 a priest named psycho Jewish a young 767
7G0ibwFS81u-00300-00072244-00072612 to 822 in 805 and then by another named
7G0ibwFS81u-00301-00072613-00073200 Kukai Kong hai 774 to 835 in 806 it
7G0ibwFS81u-00302-00073201-00073411 became a drink of the Royal classes when
7G0ibwFS81u-00303-00073412-00073624 Emperor saga Clos etienne Huang the
7G0ibwFS81u-00304-00073625-00073834 Japanese Emperor encouraged the growth
7G0ibwFS81u-00305-00073835-00074118 of tea plants seeds were imported from
7G0ibwFS81u-00306-00074119-00074454 China and cultivation in Japan began in
7G0ibwFS81u-00307-00074455-00074787 1191 the famous Zen priest I saw wrong
7G0ibwFS81u-00308-00074788-00075130 she 1141 - 12:15 brought back tea seeds
7G0ibwFS81u-00309-00075131-00075393 to Kyoto some of the tea seeds were
7G0ibwFS81u-00310-00075394-00075576 given to the priests Myo Shonen and
7G0ibwFS81u-00311-00075577-00075874 became the basis for eg tea the oldest
7G0ibwFS81u-00312-00075875-00076060 tea specialty book in Japan
7G0ibwFS81u-00313-00076061-00076324 kissa Jojo Chi Chi Chi Yong Cheng ji how
7G0ibwFS81u-00314-00076325-00076510 to stay healthy by drinking tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00315-00076511-00076804 written by I Sai the two-volume book was
7G0ibwFS81u-00316-00076805-00077013 written in 1211 after his second and
7G0ibwFS81u-00317-00077014-00077296 last visit to China the first sentence
7G0ibwFS81u-00318-00077297-00077548 states T is the ultimate mental and
7G0ibwFS81u-00319-00077549-00077757 medical remedy and has the ability to
7G0ibwFS81u-00320-00077758-00078050 make one's life more full and complete I
7G0ibwFS81u-00321-00078051-00078310 Sai was also instrumental in introducing
7G0ibwFS81u-00322-00078311-00078525 tea consumption to the warrior class
7G0ibwFS81u-00323-00078526-00078744 which rose to political prominence after
7G0ibwFS81u-00324-00078745-00079038 the Heian period green tea became a
7G0ibwFS81u-00325-00079039-00079279 staple among cultured people in Japan a
7G0ibwFS81u-00326-00079280-00079482 brew for the gentry and the Buddhist
7G0ibwFS81u-00327-00079483-00079776 priesthood alike production grew and tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00328-00079777-00079975 became increasingly accessible though
7G0ibwFS81u-00329-00079976-00080167 still a privilege enjoyed mostly by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00330-00080168-00080481 upper classes the tea ceremony of Japan
7G0ibwFS81u-00331-00080482-00080694 was introduced from China in the 15th
7G0ibwFS81u-00332-00080695-00080931 century by Buddhists as a semi religious
7G0ibwFS81u-00333-00080932-00081217 social custom the modern tea ceremony
7G0ibwFS81u-00334-00081218-00081436 developed over several centuries by Zen
7G0ibwFS81u-00335-00081437-00081571 Buddhist monks under the original
7G0ibwFS81u-00336-00081572-00081780 guidance of the monks and no Rikyu
7G0ibwFS81u-00337-00081781-00082279 Jian Li Shu 1522 215 91 in fact both the
7G0ibwFS81u-00338-00082280-00082482 beverage and the ceremony surrounding it
7G0ibwFS81u-00339-00082483-00082650 played a prominent role in futile
7G0ibwFS81u-00340-00082651-00083055 diplomacy in 1738 sowing Nagatani
7G0ibwFS81u-00341-00083056-00083287 developed Japanese Sencha GN cha
7G0ibwFS81u-00342-00083288-00083485 literally roasted tea which is a nun
7G0ibwFS81u-00343-00083486-00083667 fermented form of green
7G0ibwFS81u-00344-00083668-00083906 it is the most popular form of tea in
7G0ibwFS81u-00345-00083907-00084251 Japan today in 1835 caja yamamoto
7G0ibwFS81u-00346-00084252-00084534 developed yogoro you Lu literally jul do
7G0ibwFS81u-00347-00084535-00084731 by shading tea trees during the weeks
7G0ibwFS81u-00348-00084732-00084992 leading up to harvesting at the end of
7G0ibwFS81u-00349-00084993-00085347 the Meiji period 1868 to 1912 machine
7G0ibwFS81u-00350-00085348-00085523 manufacturing of green tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00351-00085524-00085734 introduced and began replacing handmade
7G0ibwFS81u-00352-00085735-00086246 tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00353-00086247-00086720 topic Korea
7G0ibwFS81u-00354-00086721-00086981 the first historical record documenting
7G0ibwFS81u-00355-00086982-00087197 the offering of tea to an ancestral God
7G0ibwFS81u-00356-00087198-00087512 describes a right in the year 661 in
7G0ibwFS81u-00357-00087513-00087680 which a tea offering was made to the
7G0ibwFS81u-00358-00087681-00087890 spirit of Kings euro the founder of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00359-00087891-00088340 GM when gaya Kingdom 42 to 562 records
7G0ibwFS81u-00360-00088341-00088526 from the Goryeo dynasty nine one eight
7G0ibwFS81u-00361-00088527-00088739 one three nine to show that tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00362-00088740-00088919 offerings were made in Buddhist temples
7G0ibwFS81u-00363-00088920-00089213 to the spirits of revered monks during
7G0ibwFS81u-00364-00089214-00089552 the joseon dynasty 1392 to 1910 the
7G0ibwFS81u-00365-00089553-00089783 Royal Yi family and the aristocracy used
7G0ibwFS81u-00366-00089784-00090155 tea for simple rites the datee right
7G0ibwFS81u-00367-00090156-00090404 was a common daytime ceremony whereas
7G0ibwFS81u-00368-00090405-00090695 the specialty right was reserved for
7G0ibwFS81u-00369-00090696-00090953 specific occasions toward the end of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00370-00090954-00091166 joseon dynasty commoners joined the
7G0ibwFS81u-00371-00091167-00091367 trend and used tea for ancestral rites
7G0ibwFS81u-00372-00091368-00091577 following the Chinese example based on
7G0ibwFS81u-00373-00091578-00091858 Suzie's text formalities of family
7G0ibwFS81u-00374-00091859-00092102 stoneware was common ceramic more
7G0ibwFS81u-00375-00092103-00092336 frequent mostly made in provincial kilns
7G0ibwFS81u-00376-00092337-00092567 with porcelain rare imperial porcelain
7G0ibwFS81u-00377-00092568-00092819 with dragons the rarest the earliest
7G0ibwFS81u-00378-00092820-00093041 kinds of tea used in tea ceremonies were
7G0ibwFS81u-00379-00093042-00093233 heavily pressed cakes of black tea the
7G0ibwFS81u-00380-00093234-00093488 equivalent of aged pooi rht still
7G0ibwFS81u-00381-00093489-00093812 popular in China however importation of
7G0ibwFS81u-00382-00093813-00093998 tea plants by Buddhist monks brought a
7G0ibwFS81u-00383-00093999-00094214 more delicate series of tees into Korea
7G0ibwFS81u-00384-00094215-00094336 and the tea ceremony
7G0ibwFS81u-00385-00094337-00094730 green tea Jack Seoul Jag's eel cage or
7G0ibwFS81u-00386-00094731-00095066 Jong no Juggalo Zulu is most often
7G0ibwFS81u-00387-00095067-00095354 served however other teas such as by
7G0ibwFS81u-00388-00095355-00095615 Oaks or young Biaggi Liang bi Xiao Li
7G0ibwFS81u-00389-00095616-00095873 Xian Hutchins Cheon hatch and Tian Xiao
7G0ibwFS81u-00390-00095874-00096116 Chun who John who John youichi and oak
7G0ibwFS81u-00391-00096117-00096359 Chien Aegean u-kwon as well as native
7G0ibwFS81u-00392-00096360-00096581 chrysanthemum tea persimmon leaf tea or
7G0ibwFS81u-00393-00096582-00096770 mugwort tea may be served at different
7G0ibwFS81u-00394-00096771-00097326 times of the year
7G0ibwFS81u-00395-00097327-00097810 topic Vietnam
7G0ibwFS81u-00396-00097811-00098054 Vietnamese green teas have been largely
7G0ibwFS81u-00397-00098055-00098279 unknown outside of mainland Asia until
7G0ibwFS81u-00398-00098280-00098551 the present day recent free enterprise
7G0ibwFS81u-00399-00098552-00098747 initiatives are introducing these green
7G0ibwFS81u-00400-00098748-00099037 teas to outside countries through new
7G0ibwFS81u-00401-00099038-00099313 export activities some specialty
7G0ibwFS81u-00402-00099314-00099536 Vietnamese teas include lotus tea and
7G0ibwFS81u-00403-00099537-00099842 jasmine tea Vietnam also produces black
7G0ibwFS81u-00404-00099843-00100117 and oolong teas in lesser quantities
7G0ibwFS81u-00405-00100118-00100351 Vietnamese teas are produced in many
7G0ibwFS81u-00406-00100352-00100537 areas that have been known for tea house
7G0ibwFS81u-00407-00100538-00100871 retreats for example some are located
7G0ibwFS81u-00408-00100872-00101054 amidst immense tea forests of the lam
7G0ibwFS81u-00409-00101055-00101180 dong Highlands where there is a
7G0ibwFS81u-00410-00101181-00101399 community of ancient ruin houses built
7G0ibwFS81u-00411-00101400-00102060 at the end of the 18th century
7G0ibwFS81u-00412-00102061-00102619 topic global expansion
7G0ibwFS81u-00413-00102620-00102844 the earliest record of T in a more
7G0ibwFS81u-00414-00102845-00103027 Occidental writing is said to be found
7G0ibwFS81u-00415-00103028-00103225 in the statement of an Arabian traveler
7G0ibwFS81u-00416-00103226-00103513 that after the Year 879 the main sources
7G0ibwFS81u-00417-00103514-00103714 of revenue in Canton were the duties on
7G0ibwFS81u-00418-00103715-00104014 salt and tea Marco Polo records the
7G0ibwFS81u-00419-00104015-00104209 deposition of a Chinese Minister of
7G0ibwFS81u-00420-00104210-00104464 Finance in 1285 for his arbitrary
7G0ibwFS81u-00421-00104465-00104725 augmentation of the tea taxes the
7G0ibwFS81u-00422-00104726-00105088 travelers giovanni battista rimu co 1559
7G0ibwFS81u-00423-00105089-00105545 el Almeida 1576 Buffet 1588 and Teixeira
7G0ibwFS81u-00424-00105546-00106043 1610 also mentioned tea in 1557 Portugal
7G0ibwFS81u-00425-00106044-00106228 established a trading port in Macau
7G0ibwFS81u-00426-00106229-00106544 inward of the Chinese drink cha spread
7G0ibwFS81u-00427-00106545-00106726 quickly but there is no mention of them
7G0ibwFS81u-00428-00106727-00106984 bringing any samples home in the early
7G0ibwFS81u-00429-00106985-00107195 17th century a ship of the Dutch East
7G0ibwFS81u-00430-00107196-00107401 India Company brought the first green
7G0ibwFS81u-00431-00107402-00107683 tea leaves to Amsterdam from China tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00432-00107684-00108023 was known in France by 1636 it enjoyed a
7G0ibwFS81u-00433-00108024-00108253 brief period of popularity in Paris
7G0ibwFS81u-00434-00108254-00108608 around 1648 the history of tea in Russia
7G0ibwFS81u-00435-00108608-00108782 can also be traced back to the 17th
7G0ibwFS81u-00436-00108783-00109126 century tea was first offered by China
7G0ibwFS81u-00437-00109127-00109333 as a gift to Tsar Michael the first in
7G0ibwFS81u-00438-00109334-00109658 1618 the Russian ambassador tried the
7G0ibwFS81u-00439-00109658-00109813 drink he did not care for it and
7G0ibwFS81u-00440-00109814-00110026 rejected the offer delaying teas Russian
7G0ibwFS81u-00441-00110027-00110434 introduction by 50 years in 1689 tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00442-00110435-00110633 regularly imported from China to Russia
7G0ibwFS81u-00443-00110633-00110854 via a caravan of hundreds of camels
7G0ibwFS81u-00444-00110855-00111040 travelling the year-long journey making
7G0ibwFS81u-00445-00111041-00111238 it a precious commodity at the time
7G0ibwFS81u-00446-00111239-00111508 tea was appearing in German apothecaries
7G0ibwFS81u-00447-00111509-00111802 by 1657 but never gained much esteem
7G0ibwFS81u-00448-00111803-00112039 except in coastal areas such as ostrich
7G0ibwFS81u-00449-00112040-00112309 land tea first appeared publicly in
7G0ibwFS81u-00450-00112310-00112544 England during the 1650s where it was
7G0ibwFS81u-00451-00112545-00112789 introduced through coffee houses from
7G0ibwFS81u-00452-00112790-00112943 there it was introduced to British
7G0ibwFS81u-00453-00112944-00113618 colonies in America and elsewhere
7G0ibwFS81u-00454-00113619-00114166 topic Portugal and Italy
7G0ibwFS81u-00455-00114167-00114415 tea was first introduced to Europe by
7G0ibwFS81u-00456-00114416-00114670 Italian traveller giovanni battista rimu
7G0ibwFS81u-00457-00114671-00114991 CEO who in 1555 published voyages and
7G0ibwFS81u-00458-00114992-00115201 travels containing the first European
7G0ibwFS81u-00459-00115202-00115432 reference to tea which he calls chai
7G0ibwFS81u-00460-00115433-00115672 khatai his accounts were based on
7G0ibwFS81u-00461-00115673-00116010 second-hand reports Portuguese priests
7G0ibwFS81u-00462-00116011-00116221 and merchants in the 16th century made
7G0ibwFS81u-00463-00116222-00116433 their first contact with tea in China at
7G0ibwFS81u-00464-00116434-00116707 which time it was termed cha the first
7G0ibwFS81u-00465-00116708-00117009 Portuguese ships reached China in 1516
7G0ibwFS81u-00466-00117010-00117265 and in 1560 Portuguese missionary
7G0ibwFS81u-00467-00117266-00117472 Gaspard de Cruz published the first
7G0ibwFS81u-00468-00117473-00117710 Portuguese account of Chinese tea in
7G0ibwFS81u-00469-00117711-00118003 1565 Italian missionary Lewis Almeida
7G0ibwFS81u-00470-00118004-00118198 published the first European account of
7G0ibwFS81u-00471-00118199-00118764 tea in Japan
7G0ibwFS81u-00472-00118765-00119232 topic India
7G0ibwFS81u-00473-00119233-00119450 commercial production of tea was first
7G0ibwFS81u-00474-00119451-00119678 introduced into India by the British in
7G0ibwFS81u-00475-00119679-00119885 an attempt to break the Chinese monopoly
7G0ibwFS81u-00476-00119886-00120222 on tea the British using Chinese seeds
7G0ibwFS81u-00477-00120223-00120458 plus Chinese planting and cultivating
7G0ibwFS81u-00478-00120459-00120701 techniques launched a tea industry by
7G0ibwFS81u-00479-00120702-00120906 offering land in Assam to any European
7G0ibwFS81u-00480-00120907-00121201 who agreed to cultivate tea for export
7G0ibwFS81u-00481-00121202-00121473 tea was originally only consumed by
7G0ibwFS81u-00482-00121474-00121691 anglicized Indians it was not until the
7G0ibwFS81u-00483-00121692-00121958 1950s that tea grew widely popular in
7G0ibwFS81u-00484-00121959-00122169 India through a successful advertising
7G0ibwFS81u-00485-00122170-00122390 campaign by the India tea board prior to
7G0ibwFS81u-00486-00122391-00122561 the British the plant may have been used
7G0ibwFS81u-00487-00122563-00122837 for medicinal purposes some cite the
7G0ibwFS81u-00488-00122838-00123035 Sanjeevani tea plant first recorded
7G0ibwFS81u-00489-00123036-00123311 reference of tea use in India however
7G0ibwFS81u-00490-00123313-00123519 scientific studies have shown that the
7G0ibwFS81u-00491-00123520-00123701 Sanjeevani plant is in fact a different
7G0ibwFS81u-00492-00123702-00123981 plant and is not related to tea the
7G0ibwFS81u-00493-00123982-00124197 Cinco tribe and the compte tribe also
7G0ibwFS81u-00494-00124198-00124376 validate that they have been consuming
7G0ibwFS81u-00495-00124377-00124623 tea since the 12th century however
7G0ibwFS81u-00496-00124624-00124833 commercial production of tea in India
7G0ibwFS81u-00497-00124833-00125031 did not begin until the arrival of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00498-00125032-00125220 British East India Company at which
7G0ibwFS81u-00499-00125221-00125384 point large tracts of land were
7G0ibwFS81u-00500-00125385-00125666 converted for mass tea production the
7G0ibwFS81u-00501-00125667-00125879 Chinese variety is used for Sikkim
7G0ibwFS81u-00502-00125880-00126125 Darjeeling tea and the Assamese variety
7G0ibwFS81u-00503-00126126-00126345 clonal - the native to Assam everywhere
7G0ibwFS81u-00504-00126346-00126618 else the British started commercial tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00505-00126619-00126956 plantations in India and in salon in
7G0ibwFS81u-00506-00126957-00127229 1824 tea plants were discovered in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00507-00127230-00127446 hills along the frontier between Burma
7G0ibwFS81u-00508-00127447-00127758 and Assam the British introduced tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00509-00127758-00128073 culture into India in 1836 and into
7G0ibwFS81u-00510-00128074-00128532 salon sri lanka in 1867 at first they
7G0ibwFS81u-00511-00128533-00128775 used seeds from China but later seeds
7G0ibwFS81u-00512-00128776-00129010 from the clonal Assam plant were used
7G0ibwFS81u-00513-00129011-00129329 only black tea was produced until recent
7G0ibwFS81u-00514-00129330-00129720 decades t is called chai and India India
7G0ibwFS81u-00515-00129721-00129929 was the top producer of tea for nearly a
7G0ibwFS81u-00516-00129930-00130158 century but was displaced by China as
7G0ibwFS81u-00517-00130158-00130426 the top tea producer in the 21st century
7G0ibwFS81u-00518-00130427-00130671 Indian tea companies have acquired a
7G0ibwFS81u-00519-00130672-00130896 number of iconic foreign tea enterprises
7G0ibwFS81u-00520-00130897-00131114 including British brands Lipton Tetley
7G0ibwFS81u-00521-00131115-00131400 Twinings and Typhoo while india is the
7G0ibwFS81u-00522-00131401-00131639 largest consumer of tea worldwide the
7G0ibwFS81u-00523-00131640-00131835 per capita consumption of tea in India
7G0ibwFS81u-00524-00131836-00132156 remains a modest 750 grammes per person
7G0ibwFS81u-00525-00132157-00132435 every year recently consumption of green
7G0ibwFS81u-00526-00132436-00132626 tea has seen a great up surgical
7G0ibwFS81u-00527-00132627-00132870 the city's average growth in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00528-00132871-00133108 consumption is assumed to be over 50%
7G0ibwFS81u-00529-00133109-00133388 one estimate suggests the market size
7G0ibwFS81u-00530-00133389-00133595 has already crossed over one thousand
7G0ibwFS81u-00531-00133596-00133790 four hundred crore Indian rupees and
7G0ibwFS81u-00532-00133791-00133979 will reach a six thousand crore in next
7G0ibwFS81u-00533-00133980-00134382 few years top station 41 kilometers one
7G0ibwFS81u-00534-00134383-00134615 hour from Munnar is aptly named as it is
7G0ibwFS81u-00535-00134616-00134750 home to some of the highest tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00536-00134751-00135011 plantations in India it lies on the
7G0ibwFS81u-00537-00135012-00135236 state of Kerala and commands a panoramic
7G0ibwFS81u-00538-00135237-00135876 view of rolling green hills
7G0ibwFS81u-00539-00135877-00136347 topic Iran
7G0ibwFS81u-00540-00136348-00136562 Gillan in north of Iran as main
7G0ibwFS81u-00541-00136563-00136793 production center of Iranian tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00542-00136794-00137049 historically legend is the first town in
7G0ibwFS81u-00543-00137050-00137334 Iran to have tea plantations with its
7G0ibwFS81u-00544-00137335-00137547 mild weather soil quality and fresh
7G0ibwFS81u-00545-00137548-00137762 spring water legend stands to have the
7G0ibwFS81u-00546-00137763-00137994 largest area of tea cultivation in Iran
7G0ibwFS81u-00547-00137995-00138287 'la hidden spring tea is the best
7G0ibwFS81u-00548-00138288-00138546 quality tea produced in the country tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00549-00138547-00138752 is cultivated at other cities of gillen
7G0ibwFS81u-00550-00138753-00139423 for example Phu Minh and route czar
7G0ibwFS81u-00551-00139424-00139907 topic Taiwan
7G0ibwFS81u-00552-00139908-00140138 Taiwan is famous for the making of
7G0ibwFS81u-00553-00140139-00140375 oolong tea and green tea as well as many
7G0ibwFS81u-00554-00140376-00140759 western-style teas bubble tea or genzou
7G0ibwFS81u-00555-00140760-00141052 night cha Mandarin jennszoo NYCHA's
7G0ibwFS81u-00556-00141053-00141272 black tea mixed with sweetened condensed
7G0ibwFS81u-00557-00141273-00141545 milk and tapioca since the island was
7G0ibwFS81u-00558-00141546-00141707 known to Westerners for many centuries
7G0ibwFS81u-00559-00141708-00142022 as Formosa short for the Portuguese ILH
7G0ibwFS81u-00560-00142023-00142394 a Formosa or beautiful Island tea grown
7G0ibwFS81u-00561-00142395-00142595 in Taiwan is often identified by that
7G0ibwFS81u-00562-00142596-00143088 name
7G0ibwFS81u-00563-00143089-00143570 topic Thailand
7G0ibwFS81u-00564-00143571-00143993 Thai tea or chai yen Thai cha yen in
7G0ibwFS81u-00565-00143994-00144209 Thailand is a drink made from strongly
7G0ibwFS81u-00566-00144210-00144521 brewed black tea red tea in East Asia
7G0ibwFS81u-00567-00144522-00144752 other ingredients may include added
7G0ibwFS81u-00568-00144753-00144998 orange blossom water star anise crushed
7G0ibwFS81u-00569-00144999-00145196 tamarind seed or red and yellow food
7G0ibwFS81u-00570-00145197-00145412 coloring and sometimes other spices as
7G0ibwFS81u-00571-00145413-00145454 well
7G0ibwFS81u-00572-00145455-00145688 this tea is sweetened with sugar and
7G0ibwFS81u-00573-00145689-00146027 condensed milk usually type people drink
7G0ibwFS81u-00574-00146028-00146219 tea hot tea in the morning frequently
7G0ibwFS81u-00575-00146220-00146465 with Yaya gwei fried dough or petanque
7G0ibwFS81u-00576-00146466-00146750 Oh Thai but like the varieties of Thai
7G0ibwFS81u-00577-00146751-00147119 tea include Thai hot tea Thai cha orexin
7G0ibwFS81u-00578-00147120-00147491 chyron is Thai tea served hot dark Thai
7G0ibwFS81u-00579-00147492-00147809 hot tea Thai cha da Rx and Ja Damron is
7G0ibwFS81u-00580-00147810-00148013 Thai tea served hot with no milk content
7G0ibwFS81u-00581-00148014-00148358 sweetened with sugar only dark Thai iced
7G0ibwFS81u-00582-00148359-00148652 tea Thai cha Eun cha damn Yin is Thai
7G0ibwFS81u-00583-00148653-00148829 tea served cold with ice and without
7G0ibwFS81u-00584-00148830-00149340 milk
7G0ibwFS81u-00585-00149341-00149822 topic turkey
7G0ibwFS81u-00586-00149823-00150032 Turkey is traditionally one of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00587-00150033-00150217 largest tea markets in the world
7G0ibwFS81u-00588-00150218-00150485 Turkish black tea is the most popular
7G0ibwFS81u-00589-00150486-00150698 drink in Turkey even more popular than
7G0ibwFS81u-00590-00150699-00151261 Turkish coffee
7G0ibwFS81u-00591-00151262-00151777 topic united kingdom
7G0ibwFS81u-00592-00151778-00152023 the first record of T in English came
7G0ibwFS81u-00593-00152024-00152212 from a letter written by Richard Wickham
7G0ibwFS81u-00594-00152213-00152416 who ran an east india company office in
7G0ibwFS81u-00595-00152417-00152614 japan writing to a merchant in macau
7G0ibwFS81u-00596-00152615-00153037 requesting the best sort of cha in 1615
7G0ibwFS81u-00597-00153038-00153283 Peter Mundy a traveler and merchant who
7G0ibwFS81u-00598-00153284-00153592 came across tea in Fujian in 1637 wrote
7G0ibwFS81u-00599-00153593-00153898 cha only water with a kind of herb
7G0ibwFS81u-00600-00153899-00154380 boiled in it in 1657 thomas gar way a
7G0ibwFS81u-00601-00154381-00154687 tobacconist and coffee man was the first
7G0ibwFS81u-00602-00154688-00154873 to sell tea in London at his house in
7G0ibwFS81u-00603-00154874-00155107 exchange alley charging between sixteen
7G0ibwFS81u-00604-00155108-00155371 and fifty shillings per pound the same
7G0ibwFS81u-00605-00155372-00155563 year tea was listed as an item in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00606-00155564-00155785 price list in a London coffee house and
7G0ibwFS81u-00607-00155786-00155989 the first advertisement for tea appeared
7G0ibwFS81u-00608-00155990-00156477 in 1658 on the 25th of September 1666
7G0ibwFS81u-00609-00156478-00156772 recorded in his diary I did send for a
7G0ibwFS81u-00610-00156773-00157021 cup of tea a China drink of which I
7G0ibwFS81u-00611-00157022-00157342 never had drank before it is probable
7G0ibwFS81u-00612-00157343-00157516 that early imports were smuggled via
7G0ibwFS81u-00613-00157517-00157741 Amsterdam or through sailors arriving on
7G0ibwFS81u-00614-00157742-00157981 Eastern boats the marriage of king
7G0ibwFS81u-00615-00157982-00158293 charles ii in 1662 to the portuguese
7G0ibwFS81u-00616-00158294-00158515 princess catherine of braganza also
7G0ibwFS81u-00617-00158516-00158715 brought the tea drinking habit to court
7G0ibwFS81u-00618-00158716-00159094 official trade of tea began in 1664 with
7G0ibwFS81u-00619-00159095-00159307 an import of only two pound two ounces
7G0ibwFS81u-00620-00159308-00159511 for presentation to the king that grew
7G0ibwFS81u-00621-00159512-00159718 to twenty-four million pounds a year by
7G0ibwFS81u-00622-00159719-00160018 1801 regular trade began in Canton now
7G0ibwFS81u-00623-00160019-00160219 Guangzhou where it was controlled by two
7G0ibwFS81u-00624-00160220-00160471 monopolies the Chinese kohung trading
7G0ibwFS81u-00625-00160472-00160624 companies and the British East India
7G0ibwFS81u-00626-00160625-00160945 Company the kohung acquired tea from t
7G0ibwFS81u-00627-00160946-00161140 men who had an elaborate supply chain
7G0ibwFS81u-00628-00161141-00161326 into the mountains and provinces where
7G0ibwFS81u-00629-00161327-00161536 tea grew the East India Company brought
7G0ibwFS81u-00630-00161537-00161773 back many products of which tea was just
7G0ibwFS81u-00631-00161774-00161920 one but proved one of the most
7G0ibwFS81u-00632-00161921-00162202 successful it was initially promoted as
7G0ibwFS81u-00633-00162203-00162418 a medicinal beverage or tonic but by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00634-00162419-00162664 end of the 17th century was taken as an
7G0ibwFS81u-00635-00162665-00162859 all-purpose drink albeit mainly by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00636-00162860-00163147 elite as it was still expensive tea was
7G0ibwFS81u-00637-00163148-00163342 not traded in significant amounts until
7G0ibwFS81u-00638-00163343-00163693 the 18th century by 1700 tea was being
7G0ibwFS81u-00639-00163694-00163930 sold by grocers and tea shops in London
7G0ibwFS81u-00640-00163931-00164119 the latter frequented by women as well
7G0ibwFS81u-00641-00164120-00164485 as men by the 1720s black tea overtook
7G0ibwFS81u-00642-00164486-00164698 green tea in popularity as the price
7G0ibwFS81u-00643-00164699-00164890 dropped and early on British drinkers
7G0ibwFS81u-00644-00164891-00165094 began adding sugar and milk to
7G0ibwFS81u-00645-00165095-00165361 a practice that was not done in China by
7G0ibwFS81u-00646-00165362-00165637 the 1720s European maritime trade with
7G0ibwFS81u-00647-00165638-00165844 China was dominated by exchange of
7G0ibwFS81u-00648-00165845-00166152 silver 40 as prices continued to drop
7G0ibwFS81u-00649-00166153-00166396 tea became increasingly popular and by
7G0ibwFS81u-00650-00166397-00166651 1750 had become the British national
7G0ibwFS81u-00651-00166652-00166888 drink a fungus reduced coffee production
7G0ibwFS81u-00652-00166889-00167146 in salon by 95 percent in the 19th
7G0ibwFS81u-00653-00167147-00167386 century cementing teas popularity the
7G0ibwFS81u-00654-00167387-00167604 escalation of tea importation and sales
7G0ibwFS81u-00655-00167605-00167950 over the period 1690 to 1750 is mirrored
7G0ibwFS81u-00656-00167951-00168141 closely by the increase in importation
7G0ibwFS81u-00657-00168142-00168310 and sales of cane sugar
7G0ibwFS81u-00658-00168311-00168472 the British were not drinking just tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00659-00168473-00168738 but sweet tea thus two of Britain's
7G0ibwFS81u-00660-00168739-00168949 trading triangles converged the sugar
7G0ibwFS81u-00661-00168950-00169156 sourced from Britain's trading triangle
7G0ibwFS81u-00662-00169157-00169363 encompassing Britain Africa and the West
7G0ibwFS81u-00663-00169364-00169531 Indies and the tea from the triangle
7G0ibwFS81u-00664-00169532-00169771 encompassing Britain India and China in
7G0ibwFS81u-00665-00169772-00170023 China the Ching dynasty Qianlong Emperor
7G0ibwFS81u-00666-00170024-00170241 wrote to King George the 3rd in response
7G0ibwFS81u-00667-00170242-00170431 to the McCartney missions requests for
7G0ibwFS81u-00668-00170432-00170725 trade in 1793 our celestial Empire
7G0ibwFS81u-00669-00170726-00170956 possesses all things in prolific
7G0ibwFS81u-00670-00170957-00171163 abundance and lacks no product within
7G0ibwFS81u-00671-00171164-00171465 its borders there is therefore no need
7G0ibwFS81u-00672-00171466-00171694 to import the manufacturers of outside
7G0ibwFS81u-00673-00171695-00171907 barbarians in exchange for our own
7G0ibwFS81u-00674-00171908-00172227 produce tea also had to be paid in
7G0ibwFS81u-00675-00172228-00172423 silver bullion and critics of the tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00676-00172424-00172585 trade at this time would point to the
7G0ibwFS81u-00677-00172586-00172750 damage caused to Britain's wealth by
7G0ibwFS81u-00678-00172751-00172975 this loss of bullion as a way to
7G0ibwFS81u-00679-00172976-00173176 generate the silver needed as payment
7G0ibwFS81u-00680-00173177-00173391 for tea Britain began exporting opium
7G0ibwFS81u-00681-00173392-00173577 from the traditional growing regions of
7G0ibwFS81u-00682-00173578-00173761 British India in present-day Pakistan
7G0ibwFS81u-00683-00173762-00174061 and Afghanistan into China although
7G0ibwFS81u-00684-00174062-00174286 opium use in China had a long history
7G0ibwFS81u-00685-00174287-00174532 the British importation of opium which
7G0ibwFS81u-00686-00174533-00174777 began in the late 18th century increased
7G0ibwFS81u-00687-00174778-00175162 fivefold between 1821 and 1837 and usage
7G0ibwFS81u-00688-00175163-00175300 of the drug became more widespread
7G0ibwFS81u-00689-00175301-00175597 across Chinese society the Qing
7G0ibwFS81u-00690-00175598-00175803 government attitude towards opium which
7G0ibwFS81u-00691-00175804-00176001 was often ambivalent hardened due to the
7G0ibwFS81u-00692-00176002-00176238 social problems created by drug use and
7G0ibwFS81u-00693-00176239-00176401 took serious measures to curtail
7G0ibwFS81u-00694-00176402-00176826 importation of opium in 1838 239 tea by
7G0ibwFS81u-00695-00176827-00177015 now had become an important source of
7G0ibwFS81u-00696-00177016-00177208 tax revenue for the British Empire and
7G0ibwFS81u-00697-00177209-00177409 the banning of the opium trade and thus
7G0ibwFS81u-00698-00177410-00177615 the creation of funding issues for tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00699-00177616-00177816 importers was one of the main causes of
7G0ibwFS81u-00700-00177817-00178018 the First Opium War while waging war on
7G0ibwFS81u-00701-00178019-00178239 China was one of Britain's tactics it
7G0ibwFS81u-00702-00178240-00178441 also began to explore then execute
7G0ibwFS81u-00703-00178442-00178653 a plan to use India for growing tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00704-00178654-00178885 after tea plants were smuggled out of
7G0ibwFS81u-00705-00178886-00179119 China plantations were established in
7G0ibwFS81u-00706-00179120-00179386 areas such as Darjeeling Assam and salon
7G0ibwFS81u-00707-00179387-00179623 as an attempt to circumvent its
7G0ibwFS81u-00708-00179624-00179863 dependence on Chinese tea the East India
7G0ibwFS81u-00709-00179864-00180061 Company sent Scottish botanist Robert
7G0ibwFS81u-00710-00180062-00180286 fortune to China to purchase and bring
7G0ibwFS81u-00711-00180287-00180481 out of China tea plants which were then
7G0ibwFS81u-00712-00180482-00180643 taken to India although it was the
7G0ibwFS81u-00713-00180644-00180841 discovery of native varieties of tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00714-00180842-00181003 plant in India which proved more
7G0ibwFS81u-00715-00181004-00181141 important for the development of
7G0ibwFS81u-00716-00181142-00181423 production their tea remained a very
7G0ibwFS81u-00717-00181424-00181636 important item in Britain's global trade
7G0ibwFS81u-00718-00181637-00181846 contributing in part to Britain's global
7G0ibwFS81u-00719-00181847-00182058 dominance by the end of the 18th century
7G0ibwFS81u-00720-00182059-00182344 to this day tea as seen worldwide as a
7G0ibwFS81u-00721-00182345-00182572 symbol of Britishness but also to some
7G0ibwFS81u-00722-00182573-00182782 as a symbol of old British colonialism
7G0ibwFS81u-00723-00182783-00182998 the London 2012 section of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00724-00182999-00183220 paralympic handover in Beijing included
7G0ibwFS81u-00725-00183221-00183496 tea as part of the routine a cup or mug
7G0ibwFS81u-00726-00183497-00183697 of tea in Britain is usually made in a
7G0ibwFS81u-00727-00183698-00183874 different way than is common in China
7G0ibwFS81u-00728-00183875-00184216 and other Eastern countries over 90% of
7G0ibwFS81u-00729-00184217-00184444 tea consumed as black tea often but not
7G0ibwFS81u-00730-00184445-00184624 always with a small amount of milk
7G0ibwFS81u-00731-00184625-00184927 and/or sugar at it the tea used is often
7G0ibwFS81u-00732-00184928-00185293 contained in a tea bag as of 2009 the UK
7G0ibwFS81u-00733-00185294-00185503 can boast one commercial tea plantation
7G0ibwFS81u-00734-00185504-00185782 with another plan the existing one lies
7G0ibwFS81u-00735-00185783-00185968 in Cornwall and is owned by the trig
7G0ibwFS81u-00736-00185969-00186241 Athena state by 2015
7G0ibwFS81u-00737-00186242-00186403 another will lie in Pembrokeshire Wales
7G0ibwFS81u-00738-00186404-00187100 owned by the Pembrokeshire tea company
7G0ibwFS81u-00739-00187101-00187635 topic United States
7G0ibwFS81u-00740-00187636-00187914 while coffee is by far more popular hot
7G0ibwFS81u-00741-00187915-00188109 brewed black tea has enjoyed both with
7G0ibwFS81u-00742-00188110-00188286 meals and as a refreshment by much of
7G0ibwFS81u-00743-00188287-00188396 the population
7G0ibwFS81u-00744-00188397-00188622 similarly iced tea is consumed
7G0ibwFS81u-00745-00188623-00188844 throughout in the southern states sweet
7G0ibwFS81u-00746-00188845-00189015 tea sweetened with large amounts of
7G0ibwFS81u-00747-00189016-00189219 sugar or an artificial sweetener and
7G0ibwFS81u-00748-00189220-00189516 chilled is the fashion outside the south
7G0ibwFS81u-00749-00189517-00189702 sweet tea is sometimes found but
7G0ibwFS81u-00750-00189703-00189876 primarily because of cultural migration
7G0ibwFS81u-00751-00189877-00190095 and commercialization the drinking of
7G0ibwFS81u-00752-00190096-00190281 tea in the United States was largely
7G0ibwFS81u-00753-00190282-00190464 influenced by the passage of the Tea Act
7G0ibwFS81u-00754-00190465-00190671 and its subsequent protests during the
7G0ibwFS81u-00755-00190672-00190916 American Revolution tea consumption
7G0ibwFS81u-00756-00190917-00191153 sharply decreased in America during and
7G0ibwFS81u-00757-00191154-00191315 after the Revolution when many Americans
7G0ibwFS81u-00758-00191316-00191550 switched from drinking tea to drinking
7G0ibwFS81u-00759-00191551-00191595 coffee
7G0ibwFS81u-00760-00191596-00191748 considering tea drinking to be
7G0ibwFS81u-00761-00191749-00191997 unpatriotic the American specialty tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00762-00191998-00192266 market quadrupled in the years from 1993
7G0ibwFS81u-00763-00192267-00192549 to 2008 now being worth 6.8 billion
7G0ibwFS81u-00764-00192550-00192828 dollars a year similar to the trend of
7G0ibwFS81u-00765-00192829-00193023 better coffee and better wines this
7G0ibwFS81u-00766-00193024-00193212 tremendous increase was partly due to
7G0ibwFS81u-00767-00193213-00193424 consumers who choose to trade up
7G0ibwFS81u-00768-00193425-00193689 specialty tea houses and retailers also
7G0ibwFS81u-00769-00193690-00194367 started to pop up during this period
7G0ibwFS81u-00770-00194368-00194840 topic Canada
7G0ibwFS81u-00771-00194841-00195093 Canadians were big tea drinkers from the
7G0ibwFS81u-00772-00195094-00195303 days of British colonization until the
7G0ibwFS81u-00773-00195304-00195459 Second World War when they began
7G0ibwFS81u-00774-00195460-00195627 drinking more coffee like their American
7G0ibwFS81u-00775-00195628-00195939 neighbors to the south during the 1990s
7G0ibwFS81u-00776-00195940-00196116 Canadians begun to purchase more
7G0ibwFS81u-00777-00196117-00196326 specialty teas instead of coffee a
7G0ibwFS81u-00778-00196327-00196506 commercial tea farm has opened on
7G0ibwFS81u-00779-00196507-00196707 Vancouver Island in British Columbia in
7G0ibwFS81u-00780-00196708-00196944 2010 and expects production to start in
7G0ibwFS81u-00781-00196945-00197507 2015
7G0ibwFS81u-00782-00197508-00198001 topic Australia
7G0ibwFS81u-00783-00198002-00198238 the Aboriginal Australians drank an
7G0ibwFS81u-00784-00198239-00198388 infusion from the plant species
7G0ibwFS81u-00785-00198389-00199029 leptospirosis upon discovering Australia
7G0ibwFS81u-00786-00199030-00199219 Captain Cook noticed the Aboriginal
7G0ibwFS81u-00787-00199220-00199401 peoples drinking it and called it tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00788-00199402-00199669 today the plant is referred to as the
7G0ibwFS81u-00789-00199670-00199885 tea tree
7G0ibwFS81u-00790-00199886-00200139 through colonization by the British T
7G0ibwFS81u-00791-00200140-00200413 was introduced to Australia in fact T
7G0ibwFS81u-00792-00200414-00200649 was aboard the first fleet in 1788
7G0ibwFS81u-00793-00200650-00200959 t is a large part of modern Australian
7G0ibwFS81u-00794-00200960-00201195 culture due to its British origins
7G0ibwFS81u-00795-00201196-00201429 Australians drink tea and have afternoon
7G0ibwFS81u-00796-00201430-00201631 tea and morning tea much the way the
7G0ibwFS81u-00797-00201632-00201864 British do additionally due to
7G0ibwFS81u-00798-00201865-00202072 Australia's climate t is able to be
7G0ibwFS81u-00799-00202073-00202273 grown and produced in northern Australia
7G0ibwFS81u-00800-00202274-00202650 in 2000 a stray Lea consumed 14,000
7G0ibwFS81u-00801-00202651-00202933 tonnes of tea annually tea production in
7G0ibwFS81u-00802-00202934-00203146 Australia remains very small and is
7G0ibwFS81u-00803-00203147-00203368 primarily in northern New South Wales in
7G0ibwFS81u-00804-00203369-00203625 Queensland most he produced in Australia
7G0ibwFS81u-00805-00203626-00203862 is black tea although there are small
7G0ibwFS81u-00806-00203863-00204063 quantities of green tea produced in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00807-00204064-00204274 alpine valleys region of Victoria in
7G0ibwFS81u-00808-00204275-00204550 1884 the cuttin brothers established the
7G0ibwFS81u-00809-00204551-00204733 first commercial tea plantation in
7G0ibwFS81u-00810-00204734-00204921 Australia in Bingle Bay in northern
7G0ibwFS81u-00811-00204923-00205308 Queensland in 1883 alfred bushel opened
7G0ibwFS81u-00812-00205309-00205494 the first tea shop in australia in
7G0ibwFS81u-00813-00205496-00205866 present-day queensland in 1899 bushels
7G0ibwFS81u-00814-00205867-00206080 sons moved the enterprise to Sydney and
7G0ibwFS81u-00815-00206081-00206275 began selling tea commercially founding
7G0ibwFS81u-00816-00206276-00206473 Australia's first commercial tea seller
7G0ibwFS81u-00817-00206473-00207054 bushels company
7G0ibwFS81u-00818-00207055-00207573 topic sri lanka
7G0ibwFS81u-00819-00207573-00207758 sri lanka is renowned for its
7G0ibwFS81u-00820-00207759-00207932 high-quality tea and as the fourth
7G0ibwFS81u-00821-00207933-00208131 biggest tea producing country globally
7G0ibwFS81u-00822-00208132-00208364 after China India and Kenya and has a
7G0ibwFS81u-00823-00208365-00208562 production share of nine percent in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00824-00208563-00208841 international sphere the total extent of
7G0ibwFS81u-00825-00208842-00209036 land under tea cultivation has been
7G0ibwFS81u-00826-00209037-00209213 assessed at approximately one hundred
7G0ibwFS81u-00827-00209214-00209432 eighty seven thousand three hundred nine
7G0ibwFS81u-00828-00209433-00209657 hectares the plantations started by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00829-00209658-00209856 British were initially taken over by the
7G0ibwFS81u-00830-00209857-00210083 government in the 1960s that have been
7G0ibwFS81u-00831-00210084-00210321 privatized and are now run by plantation
7G0ibwFS81u-00832-00210321-00210528 companies which owned a few estates or
7G0ibwFS81u-00833-00210529-00210842 tea plantations each salon tea is
7G0ibwFS81u-00834-00210844-00211062 divided into three groups as up country
7G0ibwFS81u-00835-00211063-00211283 mid country and low country tea based on
7G0ibwFS81u-00836-00211284-00211457 the geography of the land on which it is
7G0ibwFS81u-00837-00211458-00211980 grown
7G0ibwFS81u-00838-00211981-00212571 topic Africa and South America
7G0ibwFS81u-00839-00212571-00212819 Africa and South America have seen
7G0ibwFS81u-00840-00212821-00213006 greatly increased tea production in
7G0ibwFS81u-00841-00213007-00213225 recent decades the great majority for
7G0ibwFS81u-00842-00213226-00213385 export to Europe and North America
7G0ibwFS81u-00843-00213386-00213623 respectively produced on large estates
7G0ibwFS81u-00844-00213625-00213813 often owned by tea companies from the
7G0ibwFS81u-00845-00213814-00214116 export markets almost all production as
7G0ibwFS81u-00846-00214117-00214356 a basic mass-market teas processed by
7G0ibwFS81u-00847-00214357-00214653 the crush tear curl method Kenya is now
7G0ibwFS81u-00848-00214654-00214817 the third largest global producer
7G0ibwFS81u-00849-00214819-00215088 figures below after China and India and
7G0ibwFS81u-00850-00215089-00215301 is now the largest exporter of tea to
7G0ibwFS81u-00851-00215302-00215556 the United Kingdom there is also a great
7G0ibwFS81u-00852-00215557-00215792 consumption of tea in Chile in South
7G0ibwFS81u-00853-00215794-00215952 Africa the non camellia sinensis
7G0ibwFS81u-00854-00215953-00216294 beverage rooibos is popular in South
7G0ibwFS81u-00855-00216294-00216509 America yerba mate a is a popular
7G0ibwFS81u-00856-00216510-00216782 infused beverage the only European
7G0ibwFS81u-00857-00216783-00216992 plantation as chog Orianna
7G0ibwFS81u-00858-00216994-00217230 located in Ribeira grande salle miguel
7G0ibwFS81u-00859-00217231-00217608 island Azores Portugal in South America
7G0ibwFS81u-00860-00217609-00217821 the tea production in Brazil has strong
7G0ibwFS81u-00861-00217821-00218021 roots due to the country's origins in
7G0ibwFS81u-00862-00218023-00218246 Portugal the strong presence of Japanese
7G0ibwFS81u-00863-00218248-00218406 immigrants and also because of the
7G0ibwFS81u-00864-00218407-00218583 influences of their neighbours yerba
7G0ibwFS81u-00865-00218584-00218856 mate a culture Brazil had a big tea
7G0ibwFS81u-00866-00218857-00219039 production until the 80s but it has
7G0ibwFS81u-00867-00219040-00219308 weakened in the past decades right now
7G0ibwFS81u-00868-00219309-00219501 there's only a few families trying to
7G0ibwFS81u-00869-00219502-00219683 reorganize the tea production in the
7G0ibwFS81u-00870-00219684-00219915 registro South Paulo facing strong
7G0ibwFS81u-00871-00219916-00220319 competition against the coffee companies
7G4fIdBpVdu-00000-00000054-00000344 in Christian theology ecclesiology is
7G4fIdBpVdu-00001-00000345-00000524 the study of the Christian Church the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00002-00000525-00000765 origins of Christianity its relationship
7G4fIdBpVdu-00003-00000766-00000995 to Jesus its role in salvation its
7G4fIdBpVdu-00004-00000996-00001242 polity its discipline its destiny and
7G4fIdBpVdu-00005-00001243-00001559 its leadership ecclesiology is therefore
7G4fIdBpVdu-00006-00001560-00001734 the study of the church is a thing in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00007-00001735-00001902 itself and of the church's self
7G4fIdBpVdu-00008-00001903-00002133 understanding of its mission and role in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00009-00002134-00002397 its early history one of the church's
7G4fIdBpVdu-00010-00002398-00002622 earliest ecclesiological issues had to
7G4fIdBpVdu-00011-00002623-00002826 do with the status of Gentile members in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00012-00002827-00003000 what had been essentially a Jewish sect
7G4fIdBpVdu-00013-00003001-00003285 it later contended with such questions
7G4fIdBpVdu-00014-00003286-00003438 as whether it was to be governed by a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00015-00003439-00003720 Council of presbytery sure how much
7G4fIdBpVdu-00016-00003721-00003906 authority did the Bishop of Rome have
7G4fIdBpVdu-00017-00003907-00004119 over other major bishops the role of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00018-00004120-00004308 church in the world whether salvation
7G4fIdBpVdu-00019-00004309-00004467 was possible outside of the institution
7G4fIdBpVdu-00020-00004468-00004686 Church the relationship between the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00021-00004687-00004860 church and the state in question of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00022-00004861-00005111 theology liturgy and other issues
7G4fIdBpVdu-00023-00005112-00005361 ecclesiology may be used in the specific
7G4fIdBpVdu-00024-00005362-00005565 sense of a particular church or
7G4fIdBpVdu-00025-00005566-00005793 denominations character self-described
7G4fIdBpVdu-00026-00005794-00006060 or otherwise this is the sense of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00027-00006061-00006240 word in such phrases as Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00028-00006241-00006500 ecclesiology Protestant ecclesiology an
7G4fIdBpVdu-00029-00006501-00006803 ecumenical ecclesiology the word
7G4fIdBpVdu-00030-00006804-00006995 ecclesiology was defined in the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00031-00006996-00007194 nineteenth century as the science of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00032-00007195-00007344 building and decoration of church
7G4fIdBpVdu-00033-00007345-00007512 buildings and is still used in that
7G4fIdBpVdu-00034-00007513-00007712 sense in the context of architectural
7G4fIdBpVdu-00035-00007713-00008267 history
7G4fIdBpVdu-00036-00008268-00008802 topic etymology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00037-00008803-00009054 the roots of the word ecclesiology come
7G4fIdBpVdu-00038-00009055-00009276 from the greek ecclesia ecclesia latin
7G4fIdBpVdu-00039-00009277-00009588 ecclesia meaning congregation church and
7G4fIdBpVdu-00040-00009589-00010076 logia logia meaning words knowledge or
7G4fIdBpVdu-00041-00010077-00010410 logic a combining term used in the names
7G4fIdBpVdu-00042-00010411-00010719 of Sciences or bodies of knowledge the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00043-00010720-00010962 similar word ecclesiology first appeared
7G4fIdBpVdu-00044-00010963-00011121 in the quarterly Journal the British
7G4fIdBpVdu-00045-00011122-00011406 critic in 1837 in an article written by
7G4fIdBpVdu-00046-00011407-00011616 an anonymous contributor who defined it
7G4fIdBpVdu-00047-00011617-00011868 thus we mean then by ecclesiology a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00048-00011869-00012060 science which made treat of the proper
7G4fIdBpVdu-00049-00012061-00012231 construction and operations of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00050-00012232-00012435 church or communion or Society of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00051-00012436-00012638 Christians and which may regard men as
7G4fIdBpVdu-00052-00012639-00012821 they are members of that society whether
7G4fIdBpVdu-00053-00012822-00012987 members of the Christian Church in the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00054-00012988-00013179 widest acceptation of the term or
7G4fIdBpVdu-00055-00013180-00013380 members of some branch or communion of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00056-00013381-00013572 that church located in some separate
7G4fIdBpVdu-00057-00013572-00013734 kingdom and governed according to its
7G4fIdBpVdu-00058-00013735-00013922 internal forms of constitution and
7G4fIdBpVdu-00059-00013923-00014009 discipline
7G4fIdBpVdu-00060-00014010-00014297 however in volume 4 of the cambridge
7G4fIdBpVdu-00061-00014298-00014460 camden society's journal the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00062-00014461-00014799 ecclesiology published in january 1845
7G4fIdBpVdu-00063-00014800-00015054 that society the CCS claimed that they
7G4fIdBpVdu-00064-00015055-00015413 had invented the word ecclesiology less
7G4fIdBpVdu-00065-00015415-00015621 than pre greater than slash pre greater
7G4fIdBpVdu-00066-00015622-00015834 than dot dot as a general organ of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00067-00015835-00016056 ecclesiology that peculiar branch of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00068-00016057-00016250 science to which it seems scarcely too
7G4fIdBpVdu-00069-00016251-00016455 much to say that this very magazine gave
7G4fIdBpVdu-00070-00016456-00016716 first its being in its name the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00071-00016717-00016925 ecclesiology was first published in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00072-00016926-00017190 October 1841 and dealt with the study of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00073-00017191-00017378 the building and decoration of churches
7G4fIdBpVdu-00074-00017379-00017613 it particularly encouraged the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00075-00017614-00017828 restoration of Anglican churches back to
7G4fIdBpVdu-00076-00017829-00018009 their supposed Gothic splendor and it
7G4fIdBpVdu-00077-00018010-00018119 was at the centre of the wave of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00078-00018120-00018333 Victorian restoration that spread across
7G4fIdBpVdu-00079-00018334-00018543 England and Wales in the second half of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00080-00018544-00018810 the nineteenth century its successor
7G4fIdBpVdu-00081-00018811-00019128 ecclesiology today is still as of 2017
7G4fIdBpVdu-00082-00019129-00019314 being published by the ecclesiological
7G4fIdBpVdu-00083-00019315-00019614 society successor to the CCS now a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00084-00019615-00019812 registered charity the situation
7G4fIdBpVdu-00085-00019813-00020006 regarding the etymology has been summed
7G4fIdBpVdu-00086-00020007-00020241 up by Alister McGrath ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00087-00020242-00020409 is a term that has changed its meaning
7G4fIdBpVdu-00088-00020410-00020718 in recent theology formerly the science
7G4fIdBpVdu-00089-00020719-00020874 of the building and decoration of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00090-00020875-00021050 churches promoted by the cambridge
7G4fIdBpVdu-00091-00021051-00021249 camden society the ecclesiological
7G4fIdBpVdu-00092-00021250-00021488 society in the journal the ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00093-00021489-00021761 ecclesiology now stands for the study of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00094-00021762-00022082 the nature of the Christian Church
7G4fIdBpVdu-00095-00022083-00022430 you
7G4fIdBpVdu-00096-00022431-00023042 topic Catholic ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00097-00023043-00023291 Catholic ecclesiology today has a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00098-00023292-00023516 plurality of models and views as with
7G4fIdBpVdu-00099-00023517-00023683 all Catholic theology since the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00100-00023684-00023858 acceptance of scholarly biblical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00101-00023859-00024064 criticism that began in the early to mid
7G4fIdBpVdu-00102-00024065-00024367 20th century this shift is most clearly
7G4fIdBpVdu-00103-00024368-00024592 marked by the encyclical Divino a flaunt
7G4fIdBpVdu-00104-00024593-00024802 a Spiritu in 1943
7G4fIdBpVdu-00105-00024803-00025091 Avery Robert Cardinal Dulles SJ
7G4fIdBpVdu-00106-00025092-00025306 contributed greatly to the use of models
7G4fIdBpVdu-00107-00025307-00025594 in understanding ecclesiology in his
7G4fIdBpVdu-00108-00025595-00025781 work models of the church he defines
7G4fIdBpVdu-00109-00025782-00025990 five basic models of church that have
7G4fIdBpVdu-00110-00025991-00026149 been prevalent throughout the history of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00111-00026150-00026267 the Catholic Church
7G4fIdBpVdu-00112-00026268-00026504 these include models of the church's
7G4fIdBpVdu-00113-00026505-00026720 institution as mystical communion as
7G4fIdBpVdu-00114-00026720-00026942 sacrament as Harold and his servant the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00115-00026943-00027145 ecclesiological model of church as an
7G4fIdBpVdu-00116-00027147-00027326 institution holds that the Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00117-00027327-00027536 Church alone is the one Holy Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00118-00027537-00027887 and Apostolic Church and is the only
7G4fIdBpVdu-00119-00027888-00028108 Church of divine and apostolic origin
7G4fIdBpVdu-00120-00028109-00028364 led by the Pope this view of the church
7G4fIdBpVdu-00121-00028364-00028549 is dogmatically defined Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00122-00028550-00028745 doctrine and is therefore to fighting in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00123-00028745-00029071 this view the Catholic Church composed
7G4fIdBpVdu-00124-00029072-00029299 of all baptized professing Catholics
7G4fIdBpVdu-00125-00029300-00029573 both clergy and laity is the unified
7G4fIdBpVdu-00126-00029574-00029774 visible society founded by Christ
7G4fIdBpVdu-00127-00029775-00030002 himself and its hierarchy derives its
7G4fIdBpVdu-00128-00030002-00030143 spiritual authority through the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00129-00030144-00030362 centuries via apostolic succession of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00130-00030363-00030554 its bishops most especially through the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00131-00030555-00030721 Bishop of Rome the Pope whose
7G4fIdBpVdu-00132-00030722-00030914 successorship comes from st. Peter the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00133-00030914-00031193 Apostle to whom Christ gave the keys to
7G4fIdBpVdu-00134-00031194-00031310 the kingdom of heaven
7G4fIdBpVdu-00135-00031311-00031577 thus the Pope's in the Catholic view
7G4fIdBpVdu-00136-00031577-00031757 have a God ordained universal
7G4fIdBpVdu-00137-00031758-00031931 jurisdiction over the whole church on
7G4fIdBpVdu-00138-00031932-00032186 earth the Catholic Church has considered
7G4fIdBpVdu-00139-00032187-00032411 Christ's mystical body and the universal
7G4fIdBpVdu-00140-00032412-00032624 sacrament of salvation whereby christ
7G4fIdBpVdu-00141-00032625-00032818 enables human to receive sanctifying
7G4fIdBpVdu-00142-00032819-00033133 grace the model of churches mystical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00143-00033134-00033349 communion draws on two major biblical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00144-00033350-00033620 images the first of the mystical body of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00145-00033621-00033899 Christ has developed in Paul's epistles
7G4fIdBpVdu-00146-00033900-00034189 and the second of the people of God this
7G4fIdBpVdu-00147-00034190-00034393 image goes beyond the Aristotelian
7G4fIdBpVdu-00148-00034394-00034682 scholastic model of community perfecta
7G4fIdBpVdu-00149-00034683-00034921 held in previous centuries this
7G4fIdBpVdu-00150-00034922-00035127 ecclesiological model draws upon
7G4fIdBpVdu-00151-00035128-00035405 sociology and articulations of two types
7G4fIdBpVdu-00152-00035406-00035621 of social relationships a formally
7G4fIdBpVdu-00153-00035622-00035861 organized or structured society Cassell
7G4fIdBpVdu-00154-00035862-00036056 shaft and an informal or interpersonal
7G4fIdBpVdu-00155-00036057-00036350 community German shaft the Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00156-00036351-00036427 theologian
7G4fIdBpVdu-00157-00036428-00036601 Arnold Radda maker maintained that the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00158-00036602-00036785 church in its inner Korres community
7G4fIdBpVdu-00159-00036786-00036970 German shaft and in its outer core
7G4fIdBpVdu-00160-00036971-00037226 society gazelle shaft here at the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00161-00037227-00037423 interpersonal aspect of the church is
7G4fIdBpVdu-00162-00037424-00037604 given primacy and that the structured
7G4fIdBpVdu-00163-00037605-00037786 church is the result of a real community
7G4fIdBpVdu-00164-00037787-00037885 of believers
7G4fIdBpVdu-00165-00037886-00038149 similarly Eve King Bar argued that the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00166-00038150-00038320 ultimate reality of the church is a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00167-00038321-00038590 fellowship of persons this ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00168-00038591-00038839 opens itself to a human ism and was the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00169-00038840-00039026 prevailing model used by the Second
7G4fIdBpVdu-00170-00039027-00039208 Vatican Council in its ecumenical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00171-00039209-00039493 efforts the council using this model
7G4fIdBpVdu-00172-00039494-00039692 recognized in its document lumen gentium
7G4fIdBpVdu-00173-00039693-00039940 that the body of Christ subsists in a
7G4fIdBpVdu-00174-00039941-00040099 visible society governed by the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00175-00040100-00040310 successor of Peter and by the bishops in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00176-00040311-00040454 communion with him although many
7G4fIdBpVdu-00177-00040455-00040660 elements of sanctification and of truth
7G4fIdBpVdu-00178-00040661-00041360 are found outside its visible structure
7G4fIdBpVdu-00179-00041361-00041999 topic eastern orthodox ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00180-00042000-00042224 from the Eastern Orthodox perspective
7G4fIdBpVdu-00181-00042225-00042449 the church is one even though she is
7G4fIdBpVdu-00182-00042450-00042632 manifested in many places
7G4fIdBpVdu-00183-00042633-00042942 Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology operates
7G4fIdBpVdu-00184-00042943-00043149 with a plurality in unity and a unity
7G4fIdBpVdu-00185-00043150-00043440 and plurality for Eastern Orthodoxy
7G4fIdBpVdu-00186-00043441-00043632 there is no either-or between the one
7G4fIdBpVdu-00187-00043633-00043887 and the many no attempt is made or
7G4fIdBpVdu-00188-00043888-00044067 should be made to subordinate the many
7G4fIdBpVdu-00189-00044068-00044301 to the one the Roman Catholic model nor
7G4fIdBpVdu-00190-00044302-00044493 the one to the many the Protestant model
7G4fIdBpVdu-00191-00044494-00044784 it is both canonically and theologically
7G4fIdBpVdu-00192-00044785-00044937 correct to speak of the church in the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00193-00044938-00045224 churches and vice versa historically
7G4fIdBpVdu-00194-00045225-00045477 that ecclesiological concept was applied
7G4fIdBpVdu-00195-00045478-00045693 in practice as patriarchal Penh Turkey
7G4fIdBpVdu-00196-00045694-00045951 embodied an ecclesiastical unity of five
7G4fIdBpVdu-00197-00045952-00046168 major patriarchal Thrones Rome
7G4fIdBpVdu-00198-00046169-00046443 Constantinople Alexandria Antioch and
7G4fIdBpVdu-00199-00046444-00046626 Jerusalem there is disagreement between
7G4fIdBpVdu-00200-00046627-00046806 the ecumenical Patriarchate of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00201-00046807-00047021 Constantinople and the Patriarchate of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00202-00047022-00047187 Moscow on the question of separation
7G4fIdBpVdu-00203-00047188-00047471 between ecclesiological and theological
7G4fIdBpVdu-00204-00047472-00047687 primacy and separation of the different
7G4fIdBpVdu-00205-00047688-00047996 ecclesiological levels position of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00206-00047997-00048204 Moscow Patriarchate on the problem of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00207-00048205-00048492 primacy in the universal church first
7G4fIdBpVdu-00208-00048493-00048801 without equals a response to the text on
7G4fIdBpVdu-00209-00048802-00049026 primacy of the Moscow Patriarchate by
7G4fIdBpVdu-00210-00049027-00049281 Elpida foros Lambrini addis metropolitan
7G4fIdBpVdu-00211-00049282-00049746 of Bursa
7G4fIdBpVdu-00212-00049747-00050058 topic ecclesiology of the Church of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00213-00050059-00050461 east
7G4fIdBpVdu-00214-00050462-00050679 historical development of the Church of
7G4fIdBpVdu-00215-00050680-00050886 the east outside the political borders
7G4fIdBpVdu-00216-00050887-00051074 of the late Roman Empire and its eastern
7G4fIdBpVdu-00217-00051075-00051348 successor the Byzantine Empire resulted
7G4fIdBpVdu-00218-00051349-00051496 in the creation of its distinctive
7G4fIdBpVdu-00219-00051497-00052426 theological and ecclesiastical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00220-00052427-00053142 ecclesiastical order
7G4fIdBpVdu-00221-00053144-00053755 topic Protestant ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00222-00053757-00054102 you
7G4fIdBpVdu-00223-00054103-00054344 topic Magisterial Reformation
7G4fIdBpVdu-00224-00054345-00054799 ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00225-00054800-00055015 Martin Luther argued that because the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00226-00055016-00055257 Catholic Church had lost sight of the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00227-00055258-00055597 doctrine of grace it had lost its claim
7G4fIdBpVdu-00228-00055598-00055759 to be considered as the authentic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00229-00055760-00056071 Christian Church this argument was open
7G4fIdBpVdu-00230-00056072-00056268 to the counter criticism from Catholics
7G4fIdBpVdu-00231-00056269-00056446 that he was thus guilty of schism and
7G4fIdBpVdu-00232-00056447-00056625 the heresy of donut ISM and in both
7G4fIdBpVdu-00233-00056626-00056821 cases therefore opposing central
7G4fIdBpVdu-00234-00056822-00056991 teachings of the early church and most
7G4fIdBpVdu-00235-00056992-00057166 especially the Church Fathers st.
7G4fIdBpVdu-00236-00057166-00057448 Augustine of Hippo it also challenged
7G4fIdBpVdu-00237-00057449-00057624 the Catholic doctrine that the Catholic
7G4fIdBpVdu-00238-00057625-00057847 Church was in defect abandon fallible in
7G4fIdBpVdu-00239-00057848-00058451 its dogmatic teachings
7G4fIdBpVdu-00240-00058452-00059107 topic radical Reformation ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00241-00059108-00059407 there is no single radical Reformation
7G4fIdBpVdu-00242-00059408-00059719 ecclesiology a variety of views is
7G4fIdBpVdu-00243-00059720-00059948 expressed among the various radical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00244-00059949-00060404 Reformation participants a key radical
7G4fIdBpVdu-00245-00060404-00060686 reformer was menno simons known as an
7G4fIdBpVdu-00246-00060687-00061087 and a Baptist he wrote they verily are
7G4fIdBpVdu-00247-00061088-00061291 not the true congregation of Christ who
7G4fIdBpVdu-00248-00061292-00061516 merely boast of his name but they are
7G4fIdBpVdu-00249-00061517-00061711 the true congregation of Christ who are
7G4fIdBpVdu-00250-00061712-00061891 truly converted who are born from above
7G4fIdBpVdu-00251-00061892-00062123 of God who are of a regenerate mind by
7G4fIdBpVdu-00252-00062124-00062317 the operation of the Holy Spirit through
7G4fIdBpVdu-00253-00062318-00062488 the hearing of the Divine Word and have
7G4fIdBpVdu-00254-00062489-00062678 become the children of God have entered
7G4fIdBpVdu-00255-00062679-00062836 into obedience to him and live
7G4fIdBpVdu-00256-00062837-00063019 unblameable II in his holy commandment
7G4fIdBpVdu-00257-00063020-00063199 and according to his holy will with all
7G4fIdBpVdu-00258-00063200-00063365 their days or from the moment of their
7G4fIdBpVdu-00259-00063366-00063686 call this was in direct contrast to the
7G4fIdBpVdu-00260-00063687-00063886 hierarchical sacramental ecclesiology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00261-00063887-00064126 that characterized the incumbent roman
7G4fIdBpVdu-00262-00064127-00064300 catholic tradition as well as the new
7G4fIdBpVdu-00263-00064301-00064498 lutheran and other prominent Protestant
7G4fIdBpVdu-00264-00064499-00064766 movements of the Reformation some other
7G4fIdBpVdu-00265-00064766-00064981 radical Reformation at Clee geology
7G4fIdBpVdu-00266-00064982-00065188 holds that the true church is in heaven
7G4fIdBpVdu-00267-00065189-00065401 and no institution of any kind on earth
7G4fIdBpVdu-00268-00065402-00066109 merit s the name Church of God
7G4fIdBpVdu-00269-00066110-00066655 topic see also
7G4fIdBpVdu-00270-00066656-00067164 great Church equals equals notes
7GVpgDlCRZy-00000-00000039-00000247 tom here for morning systems and trunas
7GVpgDlCRZy-00001-00000248-00000630 released version 12.0 u8 on february 2nd
7GVpgDlCRZy-00002-00000631-00000839 2022 and according to ix systems is
7GVpgDlCRZy-00003-00000840-00000958 recommended for even the most
7GVpgDlCRZy-00004-00000959-00001254 conservative users so for all these that
7GVpgDlCRZy-00005-00001255-00001454 have been holding out you know on your
7GVpgDlCRZy-00006-00001455-00001671 old 11 series it's probably time that
7GVpgDlCRZy-00007-00001672-00001871 you update especially because of the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00008-00001872-00002030 security fixes that are available in
7GVpgDlCRZy-00009-00002032-00002367 this 12.0 u8 release now today is
7GVpgDlCRZy-00010-00002368-00002639 february 5th 2022 so far all the system
7GVpgDlCRZy-00011-00002640-00002887 i've updated had no issues at all this
7GVpgDlCRZy-00012-00002888-00003047 update does not bring any major changes
7GVpgDlCRZy-00013-00003048-00003247 to trueness core but does have lots of
7GVpgDlCRZy-00014-00003247-00003511 bug fixes security fixes especially and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00015-00003511-00003799 a few driver updates one major security
7GVpgDlCRZy-00016-00003800-00004047 fix is going to be the samba
7GVpgDlCRZy-00017-00004047-00004463 update to address cve 2021-4414
7GVpgDlCRZy-00018-00004464-00004670 that is a really big problem that needs
7GVpgDlCRZy-00019-00004671-00004911 to be fixed in samba and i really
7GVpgDlCRZy-00020-00004912-00005111 recommend because this affects all the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00021-00005112-00005399 versions prior to 12.0 u8 i really
7GVpgDlCRZy-00022-00005400-00005543 recommend you load this and get this
7GVpgDlCRZy-00023-00005544-00005806 fixed this is a pretty bad bug i will
7GVpgDlCRZy-00024-00005807-00005999 admit though it is not a default
7GVpgDlCRZy-00025-00006000-00006222 configuration so this bug won't
7GVpgDlCRZy-00026-00006223-00006486 necessarily be trivial trivial to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00027-00006487-00006751 exploit by just anyone it's going to be
7GVpgDlCRZy-00028-00006752-00006895 certain configurations that we'll go
7GVpgDlCRZy-00029-00006895-00007063 over that re kind of create a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00030-00007064-00007246 convergence of problems to allow this
7GVpgDlCRZy-00031-00007247-00007423 bug to happen but it's definitely a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00032-00007423-00007639 really bad bug before we dive into these
7GVpgDlCRZy-00033-00007640-00007823 details if you'd like to learn more
7GVpgDlCRZy-00034-00007823-00007934 about me my company hover to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00035-00007936-00008110 lawrences.com
7GVpgDlCRZy-00036-00008111-00008255 if you'd like to hire share projects
7GVpgDlCRZy-00037-00008256-00008391 such as storage consulting there's a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00038-00008392-00008614 hires button right at the top if you
7GVpgDlCRZy-00039-00008615-00008742 want to support this channel otherwise
7GVpgDlCRZy-00040-00008743-00008871 there's affiliate links down below to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00041-00008872-00009014 get you deals and discounts on products
7GVpgDlCRZy-00042-00009015-00009159 and services we talk about on this
7GVpgDlCRZy-00043-00009160-00009246 channel
7GVpgDlCRZy-00044-00009247-00009439 now here's the update release right from
7GVpgDlCRZy-00045-00009440-00009631 truenaster blog post about it we'll get
7GVpgDlCRZy-00046-00009632-00009823 into the update details in a moment but
7GVpgDlCRZy-00047-00009824-00010071 this does coincide with probably being
7GVpgDlCRZy-00048-00010072-00010303 the last release of
7GVpgDlCRZy-00049-00010304-00010606 true nascor and also the announcement is
7GVpgDlCRZy-00050-00010607-00010759 in here for those of you asking what
7GVpgDlCRZy-00051-00010760-00011031 about true nasscale yes 2na scale is on
7GVpgDlCRZy-00052-00011032-00011199 its way it has a release date that was
7GVpgDlCRZy-00053-00011200-00011399 announced in here as well now they cover
7GVpgDlCRZy-00054-00011400-00011535 just kind of a history of some of those
7GVpgDlCRZy-00055-00011536-00011751 updates and yes there's always bugs when
7GVpgDlCRZy-00056-00011752-00011895 it came into the first release and it's
7GVpgDlCRZy-00057-00011896-00012087 hard to believe trueness
7GVpgDlCRZy-00058-00012088-00012367 core came out to 12 version in october
7GVpgDlCRZy-00059-00012368-00012710 of 2020 and its final version of 12 is
7GVpgDlCRZy-00060-00012711-00012910 going to be 12.0 u8 not a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00061-00012911-00013094 discontinuation of trueness core it's
7GVpgDlCRZy-00062-00013095-00013351 just going to version 13 after this and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00063-00013352-00013615 coinciding there's going to be the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00064-00013616-00013766 scale releases which i'll be talking
7GVpgDlCRZy-00065-00013768-00013999 about soon because well it's coming to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00066-00014000-00014158 full release and that's going to be
7GVpgDlCRZy-00067-00014159-00014394 right here on
7GVpgDlCRZy-00068-00014395-00014735 222-22 but if you are using samba at all
7GVpgDlCRZy-00069-00014736-00014911 i do recommend the update because let's
7GVpgDlCRZy-00070-00014912-00015047 talk about the samba bug before we get
7GVpgDlCRZy-00071-00015047-00015207 to the other details and right here is a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00072-00015208-00015343 security announcement and everything
7GVpgDlCRZy-00073-00015344-00015486 will be linked down below so you can do
7GVpgDlCRZy-00074-00015487-00015694 further reading on these but right here
7GVpgDlCRZy-00075-00015695-00015966 is all versions prior to trueness core
7GVpgDlCRZy-00076-00015968-00016455 12.0 u8 and scale 2202 where core and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00077-00016456-00016655 this is the non-default conditions but
7GVpgDlCRZy-00078-00016656-00016839 this is the conditions that are required
7GVpgDlCRZy-00079-00016840-00017111 in order to have this exploit be viable
7GVpgDlCRZy-00080-00017112-00017303 systems that are sharing the same path
7GVpgDlCRZy-00081-00017304-00017535 via smb and afp systems that have
7GVpgDlCRZy-00082-00017536-00017822 selected multi-protocol afp s b preset
7GVpgDlCRZy-00083-00017823-00017991 for a share and systems that have
7GVpgDlCRZy-00084-00017992-00018247 populated auxiliary parameters for s b
7GVpgDlCRZy-00085-00018248-00018599 share set to fruit colon metadata equals
7GVpgDlCRZy-00086-00018600-00018935 net atoc or fruit equal colon resource
7GVpgDlCRZy-00087-00018936-00019183 equals file so if these are conditions
7GVpgDlCRZy-00088-00019184-00019407 you have met on your core system you
7GVpgDlCRZy-00089-00019408-00019558 have to update
7GVpgDlCRZy-00090-00019559-00019758 immediately or you could face a real
7GVpgDlCRZy-00091-00019759-00019919 problem if someone was inside your
7GVpgDlCRZy-00092-00019920-00020119 network and had access to samba now
7GVpgDlCRZy-00093-00020120-00020350 normally and i see normally because i'm
7GVpgDlCRZy-00094-00020351-00020550 sure somebody's doing it unfortunately
7GVpgDlCRZy-00095-00020551-00020703 samba should never be exposed to the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00096-00020704-00020878 internet so this is not like a remote
7GVpgDlCRZy-00097-00020879-00021135 type of thing it's local to your network
7GVpgDlCRZy-00098-00021136-00021358 the threat actor who's trying to perform
7GVpgDlCRZy-00099-00021359-00021478 this particular exploit is going to have
7GVpgDlCRZy-00100-00021479-00021655 to be local to your network in order to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00101-00021656-00021863 do this now it affects scale systems and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00102-00021864-00022047 these are the conditions for the system
7GVpgDlCRZy-00103-00022048-00022222 at scale and i'm not going to cover
7GVpgDlCRZy-00104-00022223-00022367 every little detail in it scale still
7GVpgDlCRZy-00105-00022368-00022527 and beta but if you're using it update
7GVpgDlCRZy-00106-00022528-00022711 that as well there's fixes for both
7GVpgDlCRZy-00107-00022712-00022927 platforms here now on to the full
7GVpgDlCRZy-00108-00022928-00023078 release notes i'm not going to read
7GVpgDlCRZy-00109-00023079-00023247 through all of these here there's a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00110-00023248-00023494 samba cve notice we covered a few free
7GVpgDlCRZy-00111-00023495-00023807 bsd security patches a few improvements
7GVpgDlCRZy-00112-00023808-00024086 open zfs is now at 2.07
7GVpgDlCRZy-00113-00024087-00024239 this one i haven't really played with
7GVpgDlCRZy-00114-00024240-00024647 much but it's the tls server uri into s3
7GVpgDlCRZy-00115-00024648-00024783 configuration
7GVpgDlCRZy-00116-00024784-00024967 form they're adding a couple more
7GVpgDlCRZy-00117-00024968-00025199 features with the way s3 works on here
7GVpgDlCRZy-00118-00025200-00025414 and it's min io in the background i'm
7GVpgDlCRZy-00119-00025415-00025550 probably going to do an updated video
7GVpgDlCRZy-00120-00025551-00025718 because a lot has changed since the last
7GVpgDlCRZy-00121-00025719-00025999 time i did true nasa and s3 video and i
7GVpgDlCRZy-00122-00026000-00026158 like the they've been keeping up with
7GVpgDlCRZy-00123-00026160-00026318 the updates for that so that'll come out
7GVpgDlCRZy-00124-00026319-00026502 as a separate tutorial
7GVpgDlCRZy-00125-00026504-00026751 coming in the near future for the way
7GVpgDlCRZy-00126-00026752-00026990 they've re-implemented mid-io by the way
7GVpgDlCRZy-00127-00026991-00027174 for those you have asked before yes min
7GVpgDlCRZy-00128-00027175-00027423 io is going to be a slightly older
7GVpgDlCRZy-00129-00027424-00027590 version inside of your nas versus if you
7GVpgDlCRZy-00130-00027591-00027767 load it within a jail this is one of the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00131-00027768-00028095 reasons it's available as a jail on here
7GVpgDlCRZy-00132-00028095-00028270 for the extended features you may want
7GVpgDlCRZy-00133-00028272-00028407 for a min i o
7GVpgDlCRZy-00134-00028408-00028639 now they did include the new intel
7GVpgDlCRZy-00135-00028639-00028967 drivers uh for the i-225 intel nics and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00136-00028968-00029262 then just a long list of lots of little
7GVpgDlCRZy-00137-00029263-00029502 bug fixes here and there and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00138-00029504-00029655 maybe you were affected by these so go
7GVpgDlCRZy-00139-00029656-00029758 ahead and read through this and see if
7GVpgDlCRZy-00140-00029760-00029935 there's something that's really was
7GVpgDlCRZy-00141-00029936-00030118 holding you back but honestly i think
7GVpgDlCRZy-00142-00030119-00030287 you really have to update to this
7GVpgDlCRZy-00143-00030288-00030470 because of the samba issue you really
7GVpgDlCRZy-00144-00030472-00030607 need to get that loaded and get your
7GVpgDlCRZy-00145-00030608-00030767 system patched so you're not vulnerable
7GVpgDlCRZy-00146-00030768-00030958 to that issue especially if you're using
7GVpgDlCRZy-00147-00030960-00031246 one of those conditions met that would
7GVpgDlCRZy-00148-00031247-00031446 allow that to be exploited so my final
7GVpgDlCRZy-00149-00031447-00031607 thoughts with this release are it's time
7GVpgDlCRZy-00150-00031608-00031862 to get off the old unsupported versions
7GVpgDlCRZy-00151-00031863-00032190 of freenas it is time to move on to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00152-00032191-00032495 version 12.0 u8 and then you can sit on
7GVpgDlCRZy-00153-00032495-00032646 that for a while before you start
7GVpgDlCRZy-00154-00032647-00032887 testing with 13 when that comes out and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00155-00032888-00033015 yes there'll be more videos on
7GVpgDlCRZy-00156-00033016-00033174 truenascale especially with it coming
7GVpgDlCRZy-00157-00033175-00033583 out so soon here on 2 22 22 you know
7GVpgDlCRZy-00158-00033584-00033751 great timing that they picked that as a
7GVpgDlCRZy-00159-00033752-00033918 release date so there will be some more
7GVpgDlCRZy-00160-00033919-00034079 videos coming on the channel for that in
7GVpgDlCRZy-00161-00034080-00034223 the meantime head over to the forums
7GVpgDlCRZy-00162-00034224-00034390 where you can find me or say hi to me on
7GVpgDlCRZy-00163-00034391-00034679 twitter and wherever social platform i'm
7GVpgDlCRZy-00164-00034680-00034831 on when you're watching this sometime in
7GVpgDlCRZy-00165-00034832-00035046 the future all right thanks and thank
7GVpgDlCRZy-00166-00035047-00035231 you for making it all the way to the end
7GVpgDlCRZy-00167-00035232-00035407 of this video if you've enjoyed the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00168-00035408-00035630 content please give us a thumbs up if
7GVpgDlCRZy-00169-00035631-00035767 you would like to see more content from
7GVpgDlCRZy-00170-00035768-00035918 this channel hit the subscribe button
7GVpgDlCRZy-00171-00035919-00036127 and the bell icon if you'd like to hire
7GVpgDlCRZy-00172-00036128-00036262 a sure project head over to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00173-00036263-00036415 lawrences.com
7GVpgDlCRZy-00174-00036416-00036599 and click the hires button right at the
7GVpgDlCRZy-00175-00036600-00036767 top to help this channel out in other
7GVpgDlCRZy-00176-00036768-00036902 ways there's a join button here for
7GVpgDlCRZy-00177-00036903-00037079 youtube and a patreon page where your
7GVpgDlCRZy-00178-00037080-00037343 support is greatly appreciated for deals
7GVpgDlCRZy-00179-00037344-00037502 discounts and offers check out our
7GVpgDlCRZy-00180-00037503-00037655 affiliate links in the description of
7GVpgDlCRZy-00181-00037656-00037807 all of our videos including a link to
7GVpgDlCRZy-00182-00037808-00037990 our shirt store where we have a wide
7GVpgDlCRZy-00183-00037991-00038151 variety of shirts that we sell and
7GVpgDlCRZy-00184-00038152-00038367 designs come out well randomly so check
7GVpgDlCRZy-00185-00038368-00038715 back frequently and finally our forums
7GVpgDlCRZy-00186-00038716-00038871 forums.lawrences.com is where you can
7GVpgDlCRZy-00187-00038872-00039030 have a more in-depth discussion about
7GVpgDlCRZy-00188-00039031-00039223 this video and other tech topics covered
7GVpgDlCRZy-00189-00039224-00039415 on this channel thanks again for
7GVpgDlCRZy-00190-00039416-00039559 watching and look forward to hearing
7GVpgDlCRZy-00191-00039560-00041343 from you
7GVpgDlCRZy-00192-00041344-00041552 you
7Hho5l5O0zg-00000-00000031-00000419 so in this problem we know what the we
7Hho5l5O0zg-00001-00000420-00000590 know what the applied clamping force is
7Hho5l5O0zg-00002-00000591-00000763 we know how much hydraulic pressure is
7Hho5l5O0zg-00003-00000764-00001108 pushing the chuck jaws together and and
7Hho5l5O0zg-00004-00001109-00001408 we know the mass of the chuck jaws and
7Hho5l5O0zg-00005-00001409-00001676 we know the spindle speed so we know the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00006-00001677-00001982 rotational velocity here and and what
7Hho5l5O0zg-00007-00001982-00002209 we're trying to understand is what is
7Hho5l5O0zg-00008-00002210-00002633 the apparent clamping force because at
7Hho5l5O0zg-00009-00002634-00002827 some point the cutting force is going to
7Hho5l5O0zg-00010-00002828-00003179 be applied to the workpiece here and in
7Hho5l5O0zg-00011-00003180-00003308 for the seeing the problem we're going
7Hho5l5O0zg-00012-00003309-00003545 to assume that all of the cutting force
7Hho5l5O0zg-00013-00003546-00003904 is trying to move the workpiece in the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00014-00003905-00004097 fixture so it's either trying to to make
7Hho5l5O0zg-00015-00004098-00004358 it stop rotating while the chuck
7Hho5l5O0zg-00016-00004359-00004694 continues to rotate or if we're pushing
7Hho5l5O0zg-00017-00004695-00004841 in this direction if we're doing an
7Hho5l5O0zg-00018-00004842-00005084 outside turning operation it's trying to
7Hho5l5O0zg-00019-00005085-00005342 push the workpiece back into the chuck
7Hho5l5O0zg-00020-00005343-00005563 it so that's the worst case scenario so
7Hho5l5O0zg-00021-00005564-00005735 that's what we're going to do the math
7Hho5l5O0zg-00022-00005736-00006259 for here so we have an applied clamping
7Hho5l5O0zg-00023-00006260-00006459 force from the hydraulic pressure as
7Hho5l5O0zg-00024-00006461-00006902 soon as the spindle starts to spin each
7Hho5l5O0zg-00025-00006903-00007103 of the jaws are going to be pulled away
7Hho5l5O0zg-00026-00007104-00007309 from the center with centripetal
7Hho5l5O0zg-00027-00007311-00007645 acceleration into we need to figure out
7Hho5l5O0zg-00028-00007647-00007820 what's the what's the centripetal
7Hho5l5O0zg-00029-00007820-00008410 acceleration here times the mass of the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00030-00008411-00008906 jaws because force equals mass times
7Hho5l5O0zg-00031-00008907-00009289 acceleration so we know that if we know
7Hho5l5O0zg-00032-00009290-00009620 the force of the jaws pulling apart
7Hho5l5O0zg-00033-00009621-00009959 caused by that acceleration we know the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00034-00009960-00010189 clamping force in caused by the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00035-00010190-00010421 hydraulic pressure you can take that
7Hho5l5O0zg-00036-00010422-00010924 clamping so force clamping minus force
7Hho5l5O0zg-00037-00010925-00011821 acceleration equals force applied so
7Hho5l5O0zg-00038-00011822-00011963 what you need to do is figure out how
7Hho5l5O0zg-00039-00011964-00012574 much force is from the centripetal
7Hho5l5O0zg-00040-00012575-00012890 acceleration subtract that from the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00041-00012891-00013169 clamping force and that will tell you
7Hho5l5O0zg-00042-00013169-00013313 how much effective clamping for
7Hho5l5O0zg-00043-00013313-00013529 you have if you know the effective
7Hho5l5O0zg-00044-00013530-00013780 clamping force and you know the friction
7Hho5l5O0zg-00045-00013781-00014155 coefficient then you can figure out how
7Hho5l5O0zg-00046-00014156-00014344 much cutting force could you possibly
7Hho5l5O0zg-00047-00014345-00014672 apply before the car but before the
7Hho5l5O0zg-00048-00014672-00015172 workpiece moves in the spindle
7HI0WwJjWdy-00000-00000023-00000305 two nuclides are isotones if they have
7HI0WwJjWdy-00001-00000306-00000524 the same Neutron number n but different
7HI0WwJjWdy-00002-00000525-00000808 proton number Z for example boron 12 and
7HI0WwJjWdy-00003-00000809-00001066 carbon 13 nuclei both contain seven
7HI0WwJjWdy-00004-00001067-00001448 neutrons and solar isotones similarly 36
7HI0WwJjWdy-00005-00001449-00001946 s 37 CL 38 are 39 k and 40 CA nuclei are
7HI0WwJjWdy-00006-00001947-00002138 all isotones of 20 because they all
7HI0WwJjWdy-00007-00002139-00002290 contain 20 neutrons
7HI0WwJjWdy-00008-00002291-00002549 despite its similarity to the greek for
7HI0WwJjWdy-00009-00002550-00002840 same stretching the term was formed by
7HI0WwJjWdy-00010-00002841-00003062 the German physicist K Guggenheim ER by
7HI0WwJjWdy-00011-00003063-00003613 changing the P in isotope from P for
7HI0WwJjWdy-00012-00003614-00004169 proton to n for Neutron the largest
7HI0WwJjWdy-00013-00004170-00004354 numbers of observational II stable
7HI0WwJjWdy-00014-00004355-00004772 nuclides exist for isotones 55 86 kr 88
7HI0WwJjWdy-00015-00004773-00005404 senior 89 y9 t zr 92 MO and 82:6 138 BOM
7HI0WwJjWdy-00016-00005405-00006156 139 level 140 c e 141 PR 142nd 144 sm
7HI0WwJjWdy-00017-00006157-00006370 neutron numbers for which there are no
7HI0WwJjWdy-00018-00006371-00006677 stable isotones are 1921 thirty five
7HI0WwJjWdy-00019-00006678-00007217 thirty nine forty five sixty 189 115 123
7HI0WwJjWdy-00020-00007218-00007634 and 127 or more in contrast the proton
7HI0WwJjWdy-00021-00007634-00007792 numbers for which there are no stable
7HI0WwJjWdy-00022-00007793-00008237 isotopes are 43 61 and 83 or more this
7HI0WwJjWdy-00023-00008238-00008464 is related to nuclear magic numbers the
7HI0WwJjWdy-00024-00008465-00008660 number of nucleons forming complete
7HI0WwJjWdy-00025-00008661-00009023 shelves within the nucleus eg 2 8 20 28
7HI0WwJjWdy-00026-00009024-00009514 50 82 and 126 no more than one stable
7HI0WwJjWdy-00027-00009515-00009724 nuclide has the same odd Neutron number
7HI0WwJjWdy-00028-00009725-00010228 except for 1 2 h + 3 he 59 b + 10 b 7 13
7HI0WwJjWdy-00029-00010229-00010901 c + 49 50 597 mo + 99 rule and 107 179
7HI0WwJjWdy-00030-00010902-00011342 hf + 180 m ta odd Neutron numbers for
7HI0WwJjWdy-00031-00011343-00011519 which there is a stable nuclide and a
7HI0WwJjWdy-00032-00011520-00011839 primordial radionuclide are 27 50 volts
7HI0WwJjWdy-00033-00011840-00012681 65 113 CD 81 138 la 85 147 sm and 105
7HI0WwJjWdy-00034-00012682-00013040 176 Liu Neutron numbers for which there
7HI0WwJjWdy-00035-00013041-00013346 are 2 primordial radionuclides are 88 1
7HI0WwJjWdy-00036-00013347-00014041 51 EU and 152 GD and 112 187 re and 190
7HI0WwJjWdy-00037-00014043-00014604 PT
7HI0WwJjWdy-00038-00014605-00015138 topic see also
7HI0WwJjWdy-00039-00015140-00015380 isotopes are nuclides having the same
7HI0WwJjWdy-00040-00015381-00015641 number of protons eg carbon-12 and
7HI0WwJjWdy-00041-00015641-00016001 carbon-13 isobars are nuclides having
7HI0WwJjWdy-00042-00016002-00016244 the same mass number ie sum of protons
7HI0WwJjWdy-00043-00016244-00016630 plus neutrons eg carbon-12 and boron 12
7HI0WwJjWdy-00044-00016631-00016895 nuclear isomers are different excited
7HI0WwJjWdy-00045-00016896-00017134 states of the same type of nucleus a
7HI0WwJjWdy-00046-00017135-00017390 transition from one isomer to another as
7HI0WwJjWdy-00047-00017391-00017612 accompanied by emission or absorption of
7HI0WwJjWdy-00048-00017613-00017834 a gamma ray or the process of internal
7HI0WwJjWdy-00049-00017835-00017999 conversion not to be confused with
7HI0WwJjWdy-00050-00018000-00018614 chemical isomers
7HI0WwJjWdy-00051-00018615-00019097 topic notes
7HI0WwJjWdy-00052-00019098-00019304 you
7MhHpfVocpE-00000-00000192-00000390 and last year the year before that it
7MhHpfVocpE-00001-00000391-00000551 almost got messed up for y'all because
7MhHpfVocpE-00002-00000552-00000719 they gave the woman anthem song and mary
7MhHpfVocpE-00003-00000720-00000919 j blige the year before that you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00004-00000919-00001158 with the waiting to excel you know ain't
7MhHpfVocpE-00005-00001159-00001311 gonna cry
7MhHpfVocpE-00006-00001312-00001639 and mary almost blew it because
7MhHpfVocpE-00007-00001639-00001895 well you know mary
7MhHpfVocpE-00008-00001896-00002079 i mean y'all know you know mary you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00009-00002080-00002271 i love mary too but you know mary she
7MhHpfVocpE-00010-00002272-00002415 don't
7MhHpfVocpE-00011-00002416-00002655 she don't say all the words real good
7MhHpfVocpE-00012-00002656-00002883 that's all
7MhHpfVocpE-00013-00002884-00003063 i
7MhHpfVocpE-00014-00003064-00003215 i ain't trying to talk about her because
7MhHpfVocpE-00015-00003215-00003431 we all know somebody
7MhHpfVocpE-00016-00003432-00003679 all of us in here know people you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00017-00003679-00004143 that might say amber lamps
7MhHpfVocpE-00018-00004144-00004283 or down the
7MhHpfVocpE-00019-00004284-00004438 street
7MhHpfVocpE-00020-00004439-00004806 i want some jumbo strips
7MhHpfVocpE-00021-00004807-00005006 my focus hurting this thing like i'm
7MhHpfVocpE-00022-00005007-00005615 getting a sore throat
7MhHpfVocpE-00023-00005616-00005775 that ain't what i'm talking about you
7MhHpfVocpE-00024-00005776-00005975 know they ain't on no record that's all
7MhHpfVocpE-00025-00005976-00006134 i'm saying
7MhHpfVocpE-00026-00006135-00006359 mary all on the record can't say words
7MhHpfVocpE-00027-00006360-00006542 real good you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00028-00006543-00006703 and she was trying you know because she
7MhHpfVocpE-00029-00006704-00007576 meant it you know in her heart she was
7MhHpfVocpE-00030-00007577-00008351 [Music]
7MhHpfVocpE-00031-00008352-00008767 what the hell is a secretary
7MhHpfVocpE-00032-00008768-00008959 say office assistant or something like
7MhHpfVocpE-00033-00008960-00009335 that if you can't say the damn word
7MhHpfVocpE-00034-00009336-00009678 damn secretary
7MhHpfVocpE-00035-00009679-00009855 grown ass man i ain't got time to be
7MhHpfVocpE-00036-00009856-00010238 figuring that out mary
7MhHpfVocpE-00037-00010239-00010551 the trip too man
7MhHpfVocpE-00038-00010552-00010767 all the little groups like that man i'm
7MhHpfVocpE-00039-00010768-00010974 just really concerned about them too man
7MhHpfVocpE-00040-00010975-00011135 you know ain't nobody
7MhHpfVocpE-00041-00011136-00011351 everybody breaking up you know being
7MhHpfVocpE-00042-00011352-00011527 even in the same group with each other
7MhHpfVocpE-00043-00011528-00011695 they just putting people together now
7MhHpfVocpE-00044-00011696-00011783 you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00045-00011784-00012031 you know jojo kc where they you know
7MhHpfVocpE-00046-00012032-00012246 they brothers that's good
7MhHpfVocpE-00047-00012247-00012431 but this lever sweating guild what's
7MhHpfVocpE-00048-00012432-00012567 that all about
7MhHpfVocpE-00049-00012568-00012742 that don't even sound right in the
7MhHpfVocpE-00050-00012743-00012943 hurt sweating gill you know i like them
7MhHpfVocpE-00051-00012944-00013022 though
7MhHpfVocpE-00052-00013023-00013222 i like them i like them
7MhHpfVocpE-00053-00013223-00013391 but in a way don't they all sound like
7MhHpfVocpE-00054-00013391-00013551 different animals and insects when you
7MhHpfVocpE-00055-00013552-00013703 think about it
7MhHpfVocpE-00056-00013704-00013847 i mean when they be singing gerald the
7MhHpfVocpE-00057-00013847-00014015 verse sound like a grizzly bear or
7MhHpfVocpE-00058-00014016-00014519 something
7MhHpfVocpE-00059-00014519-00014686 he swears sound like a damn mosquito in
7MhHpfVocpE-00060-00014687-00015051 your ear yeah
7MhHpfVocpE-00061-00015052-00016286 [Applause]
7MhHpfVocpE-00062-00016287-00016535 hey roll your window up dog
7MhHpfVocpE-00063-00016536-00016679 there's some bugs or something getting
7MhHpfVocpE-00064-00016680-00016894 in
7MhHpfVocpE-00065-00016895-00017086 johnny gill smooth then he just turned
7MhHpfVocpE-00066-00017087-00017327 into a rock wild on your ass
7MhHpfVocpE-00067-00017328-00017550 what's all that barking and growling he
7MhHpfVocpE-00068-00017551-00017686 get to doing
7MhHpfVocpE-00069-00017687-00017871 johnny mess up a song he started out
7MhHpfVocpE-00070-00017872-00017999 smooth
7MhHpfVocpE-00071-00018000-00019767 he got me singing my my my
7MhHpfVocpE-00072-00019768-00019962 get your dog man
7MhHpfVocpE-00073-00019963-00020455 [Applause]
7MhHpfVocpE-00074-00020456-00020727 get your dog
7MhHpfVocpE-00075-00020728-00021092 ain't nobody scared
7O9x7HL1rr4-00000-00000087-00000592 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00001-00000593-00000947 in this tutorial we'll show you how to
7O9x7HL1rr4-00002-00000948-00001435 export Premiere Pro videos to YouTube
7O9x7HL1rr4-00003-00001436-00002012 without losing video quality various
7O9x7HL1rr4-00004-00002013-00002176 animation sets are used to create
7O9x7HL1rr4-00005-00002177-00002842 content on YouTube this video has been
7O9x7HL1rr4-00006-00002843-00003023 edited using an animation set for me
7O9x7HL1rr4-00007-00003024-00003992 easy edit at first check the aspect
7O9x7HL1rr4-00008-00003993-00004310 ratio on a Google support page you will
7O9x7HL1rr4-00009-00004311-00004460 find the setting requirements for
7O9x7HL1rr4-00010-00004461-00004841 YouTube videos our video with a
7O9x7HL1rr4-00011-00004842-00005216 resolution of sides 1920 to 1080 you can
7O9x7HL1rr4-00012-00005217-00005365 use the view settings of your video
7O9x7HL1rr4-00013-00005366-00005717 click sequence sequence settings our
7O9x7HL1rr4-00014-00005718-00006041 video contains 24 frames per second the
7O9x7HL1rr4-00015-00006042-00006356 resolution of the sides is 16 to 9 such
7O9x7HL1rr4-00016-00006357-00006680 settings are great for us to export
7O9x7HL1rr4-00017-00006681-00006994 click file
7O9x7HL1rr4-00018-00006995-00007258 export media
7O9x7HL1rr4-00019-00007259-00007433 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00020-00007434-00007870 let's go to the official website here
7O9x7HL1rr4-00021-00007872-00008253 are all the options for the video audio
7O9x7HL1rr4-00022-00008254-00008526 aspect ratio and the tray
7O9x7HL1rr4-00023-00008527-00010877 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00024-00010878-00011262 now back to the Premiere Pro and adjust
7O9x7HL1rr4-00025-00011263-00011994 these settings h.264 format we check
7O9x7HL1rr4-00026-00011995-00012511 that we export video and audio
7O9x7HL1rr4-00027-00012512-00013029 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00028-00013030-00013440 function render at maximum death it
7O9x7HL1rr4-00029-00013441-00013694 improves export quality but increases
7O9x7HL1rr4-00030-00013696-00014381 render time go to the bitrate settings
7O9x7HL1rr4-00031-00014382-00014949 we put VBR to bitrate value as indicated
7O9x7HL1rr4-00032-00014950-00015158 in the table 8
7O9x7HL1rr4-00033-00015159-00015944 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00034-00015945-00016700 we use use the maximum reenter quality
7O9x7HL1rr4-00035-00016701-00016988 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00036-00016989-00017344 we save our settings for future use
7O9x7HL1rr4-00037-00017345-00018294 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00038-00018295-00018668 call our video and choose a location
7O9x7HL1rr4-00039-00018669-00019242 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00040-00019243-00019493 [Music]
7O9x7HL1rr4-00041-00019494-00020830 export upload to YouTube and enjoy
7O9x7HL1rr4-00042-00020831-00021037 you
7P1ku27yPBu-00000-00000053-00000353 Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution retitled
7P1ku27yPBu-00001-00000354-00000580 Jamie's American food revolution in the
7P1ku27yPBu-00002-00000581-00000815 United Kingdom is a television series on
7P1ku27yPBu-00003-00000816-00001120 ABC from March 2010 until summer 2011
7P1ku27yPBu-00004-00001121-00001391 the show was produced by British chef
7P1ku27yPBu-00005-00001392-00001648 Jamie Oliver and Ryan Seacrest following
7P1ku27yPBu-00006-00001650-00001835 Oliver as he attempted to reform the
7P1ku27yPBu-00007-00001836-00002066 u.s. school lunch programs help American
7P1ku27yPBu-00008-00002067-00002267 society fight obesity and change their
7P1ku27yPBu-00009-00002268-00002465 eating habits in order to live healthier
7P1ku27yPBu-00010-00002466-00003069 and longer lives
7P1ku27yPBu-00011-00003070-00003572 topic premise
7P1ku27yPBu-00012-00003573-00003885 the show premiered on ABC on March 21st
7P1ku27yPBu-00013-00003886-00004203 2010 in the UK on channel 4 on September
7P1ku27yPBu-00014-00004204-00004515 13 2010 in Greece on Fox Life Greece in
7P1ku27yPBu-00015-00004516-00004754 November 2010 and in Italy on raised at
7P1ku27yPBu-00016-00004755-00005066 gambrel Rosso Channel in January 2011
7P1ku27yPBu-00017-00005067-00005325 Oliver a celebrity chef and health
7P1ku27yPBu-00018-00005326-00005541 campaigner in the United Kingdom used a
7P1ku27yPBu-00019-00005542-00005747 grassroots campaign in the u.s. to curb
7P1ku27yPBu-00020-00005748-00006054 obesity in the first season his efforts
7P1ku27yPBu-00021-00006055-00006260 were focused in Huntington West Virginia
7P1ku27yPBu-00022-00006261-00006461 statistically one of the unhealthiest
7P1ku27yPBu-00023-00006462-00006710 cities in the country in an early
7P1ku27yPBu-00024-00006711-00006930 trailer for the show Oliver challenged a
7P1ku27yPBu-00025-00006931-00007119 group of first grade school children to
7P1ku27yPBu-00026-00007120-00007323 identify fruits and vegetables and they
7P1ku27yPBu-00027-00007323-00007593 were unable to do so the show appeared
7P1ku27yPBu-00028-00007594-00007763 to combine the concepts from at least
7P1ku27yPBu-00029-00007764-00008016 two of his previous TV series campaigns
7P1ku27yPBu-00030-00008017-00008112 in the UK
7P1ku27yPBu-00031-00008113-00008319 Jamie's Ministry of food and Jamie's
7P1ku27yPBu-00032-00008320-00008487 school dinners in the second season
7P1ku27yPBu-00033-00008488-00008718 Oliver took his food revolution to Los
7P1ku27yPBu-00034-00008719-00008946 Angeles California home to the second
7P1ku27yPBu-00035-00008947-00009126 largest public school district in the
7P1ku27yPBu-00036-00009127-00009399 u.s. much of the season revolved around
7P1ku27yPBu-00037-00009400-00009635 the Los Angeles Unified School District
7P1ku27yPBu-00038-00009636-00009858 Board of Education refusals to allow him
7P1ku27yPBu-00039-00009859-00010041 to film in schools and his subsequent
7P1ku27yPBu-00040-00010042-00010224 attempts to circumvent their decisions
7P1ku27yPBu-00041-00010225-00010533 in creative ways in the episode from
7P1ku27yPBu-00042-00010534-00010830 April 12 2011 oliver decried the use of
7P1ku27yPBu-00043-00010831-00011028 pink slime in u.s. ground meat and in
7P1ku27yPBu-00044-00011029-00011285 u.s. school lunches in the episode
7P1ku27yPBu-00045-00011286-00011466 oliver explained what the product does
7P1ku27yPBu-00046-00011467-00011703 and why he was repelled by it he
7P1ku27yPBu-00047-00011704-00011883 utilized artistic license in
7P1ku27yPBu-00048-00011884-00012066 demonstrating the concept by immersing
7P1ku27yPBu-00049-00012067-00012288 beef trimmings in liquid ammonia rather
7P1ku27yPBu-00050-00012289-00012470 than gaseous ammonia as in the meat
7P1ku27yPBu-00051-00012471-00012813 industry oliver has stated everyone who
7P1ku27yPBu-00052-00012813-00013041 is told about pink slime doesn't like it
7P1ku27yPBu-00053-00013041-00013322 in their food school kids soldiers
7P1ku27yPBu-00054-00013323-00013541 senior citizens all hate it
7P1ku27yPBu-00055-00013541-00013818 the American Meat Institute and beef
7P1ku27yPBu-00056-00013819-00013971 products Inc responded with a
7P1ku27yPBu-00057-00013972-00014647 three-minute youtube infomercial
7P1ku27yPBu-00058-00014647-00015161 topic reception
7P1ku27yPBu-00059-00015162-00015428 in 2010 Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution
7P1ku27yPBu-00060-00015429-00015697 was nominated for the dosomething TV
7P1ku27yPBu-00061-00015698-00015905 show award from the vh1 Do Something
7P1ku27yPBu-00062-00015906-00016085 Awards for its efforts to promote
7P1ku27yPBu-00063-00016086-00016343 healthy eating at public schools the
7P1ku27yPBu-00064-00016344-00016505 show also won an Emmy Award for
7P1ku27yPBu-00065-00016506-00016844 Outstanding reality program the show was
7P1ku27yPBu-00066-00016845-00017066 renewed for a second six episode season
7P1ku27yPBu-00067-00017067-00017369 on September 2nd 2010 the season
7P1ku27yPBu-00068-00017370-00017627 premiered on Tuesday April 12 2011 at
7P1ku27yPBu-00069-00017628-00017869 8:00 p.m. Eastern 7:00 p.m. central
7P1ku27yPBu-00070-00017870-00018125 after two episodes the show was
7P1ku27yPBu-00071-00018126-00018311 cancelled because of poor ratings and
7P1ku27yPBu-00072-00018312-00018494 replaced by repeats of Dancing with the
7P1ku27yPBu-00073-00018495-00018805 Stars ABC aired the remaining four
7P1ku27yPBu-00074-00018806-00018994 episodes in June because of this
7P1ku27yPBu-00075-00018995-00019193 episodes three to six aired in the
7P1ku27yPBu-00076-00019194-00019415 United Kingdom on channel 4 before the
7P1ku27yPBu-00077-00019416-00019900 United States equals equals us ratings
7P1ku27yPBu-00078-00019901-00020396 equals equals
7P1ku27yPBu-00079-00020397-00021002 topic season 1 2010
7P1ku27yPBu-00080-00021003-00021353 you
7P1ku27yPBu-00081-00021354-00021971 topic season 2 2011
7P1ku27yPBu-00082-00021972-00022376 equals equals awards and nominations
7TB461N87-o-00000-00000542-00000762 what I'm going to do right now is just
7TB461N87-o-00001-00000763-00000983 start repeating door and then move into
7TB461N87-o-00002-00000984-00001345 the into modulation stuff the pd lower
7TB461N87-o-00003-00001346-00001495 here the multi
7TB461N87-o-00004-00001496-00001714 this corresponds roughly to chapter 4 of
7TB461N87-o-00005-00001714-00002079 the book and then when we get into
7TB461N87-o-00006-00002080-00002293 modulation that's going to be chapter 5
7TB461N87-o-00007-00002294-00002506 designer spectra is chapter 6 and then
7TB461N87-o-00008-00002507-00002808 de lasers chapter 7 and filters of
7TB461N87-o-00009-00002809-00002976 chapter eight so it's all pretty much
7TB461N87-o-00010-00002977-00003210 just according to the syllabus
7TB461N87-o-00011-00003211-00003631 theoretically first thing about that is
7TB461N87-o-00012-00003632-00003813 i don't know if you guys have looked at
7TB461N87-o-00013-00003814-00003925 this or not but are there questions
7TB461N87-o-00014-00003926-00004333 about how this whole thing works now so
7TB461N87-o-00015-00004334-00004741 this is a this what you're looking at is
7TB461N87-o-00016-00004742-00005220 one of these and in this particular
7TB461N87-o-00017-00005221-00005431 situation i've avoided having leads
7TB461N87-o-00018-00005432-00005761 going into or lines patches going into
7TB461N87-o-00019-00005762-00006009 and out of the sub patches or
7TB461N87-o-00020-00006010-00006252 connections going out of them i'm using
7TB461N87-o-00021-00006253-00006525 non local connections everywhere which
7TB461N87-o-00022-00006526-00006883 are in the form of receive and throw
7TB461N87-o-00023-00006884-00007201 tilde so one thing that i want to do
7TB461N87-o-00024-00007202-00007333 today is talk a little bit more about
7TB461N87-o-00025-00007334-00007569 local and non-local connections and then
7TB461N87-o-00026-00007570-00007783 what they're good for how you can make
7TB461N87-o-00027-00007784-00007995 them local connections making by which
7TB461N87-o-00028-00007997-00008170 by that i mean just making lines between
7TB461N87-o-00029-00008170-00008326 things in a single window and non-local
7TB461N87-o-00030-00008327-00008626 connection is ruining things like throw
7TB461N87-o-00031-00008627-00009034 or throw in katra send and receive i'm
7TB461N87-o-00032-00009035-00009203 going to just sort of proceed by example
7TB461N87-o-00033-00009204-00009528 so the just to remind you the thing that
7TB461N87-o-00034-00009529-00009769 is most likely to be confusing to you
7TB461N87-o-00035-00009770-00010099 about this patch is an important thing
7TB461N87-o-00036-00010100-00010267 to be confused about so if you can try
7TB461N87-o-00037-00010268-00010449 to get unconfused about over time which
7TB461N87-o-00038-00010450-00010724 is the which is the dollar sign
7TB461N87-o-00039-00010725-00011167 mechanism and how its use spins out it
7TB461N87-o-00040-00011168-00011570 differently in object boxes vs
7TB461N87-o-00041-00011571-00011925 so in object boxes like this one dollar
7TB461N87-o-00042-00011926-00012303 three means 0.56 because that's that's
7TB461N87-o-00043-00012304-00012537 what was thrown this thing as arguments
7TB461N87-o-00044-00012538-00012828 when it was made whereas in message
7TB461N87-o-00045-00012829-00013038 boxes this dollar one is whatever comes
7TB461N87-o-00046-00013038-00013227 down this line because that's what is
7TB461N87-o-00047-00013228-00013386 thrown through it as arguments when it's
7TB461N87-o-00048-00013387-00013697 then that messages passed which is to
7TB461N87-o-00049-00013699-00013899 say when the message boxes sent a
7TB461N87-o-00050-00013900-00014069 message as opposed to win the thing is
7TB461N87-o-00051-00014071-00014412 made the deeper truth is that objects
7TB461N87-o-00052-00014413-00014562 really are messages these are messages
7TB461N87-o-00053-00014563-00014835 that go to a special factory object if
7TB461N87-o-00054-00014836-00015060 you like which makes objects for TV
7TB461N87-o-00055-00015061-00015327 itself so there's actually one unified
7TB461N87-o-00056-00015328-00015528 thing in pd by which messages get passed
7TB461N87-o-00057-00015529-00015788 down lines and by which also these
7TB461N87-o-00058-00015790-00016080 objects get built and if you look a
7TB461N87-o-00059-00016081-00016263 little deeper into it you will find out
7TB461N87-o-00060-00016263-00016425 that you can use that fact to make
7TB461N87-o-00061-00016426-00016623 patches that change themselves and so on
7TB461N87-o-00062-00016624-00016881 like that if you care about that kind of
7TB461N87-o-00063-00016882-00017589 thing all right
7TB461N87-o-00064-00017590-00017889 that's the that's the main bit of stuff
7TB461N87-o-00065-00017890-00018047 about this that you might not have have
7TB461N87-o-00066-00018048-00018780 known before yeah
7TB461N87-o-00067-00018781-00019129 okay I think the next example will make
7TB461N87-o-00068-00019130-00019336 that clear and there's some funny stuff
7TB461N87-o-00069-00019337-00019545 about that but I have to show you yeah
7TB461N87-o-00070-00019546-00019858 actually what rabbit actually rather
7TB461N87-o-00071-00019859-00019987 than wait for the next example to make
7TB461N87-o-00072-00019988-00020176 that clear let me show you let me just
7TB461N87-o-00073-00020177-00020305 show you what the answer is and then
7TB461N87-o-00074-00020306-00020497 when the example comes up you'll you'll
7TB461N87-o-00075-00020498-00020635 see it in that context that might be
7TB461N87-o-00076-00020636-00020911 better okay so abstractions are a form
7TB461N87-o-00077-00020912-00021223 of subhash right so this thing is this
7TB461N87-o-00078-00021224-00021490 this window is actually inside this box
7TB461N87-o-00079-00021491-00021745 and you can make this box have inlets
7TB461N87-o-00080-00021746-00022033 and outlets and this window will will be
7TB461N87-o-00081-00022034-00022180 able to get the inlets and throw things
7TB461N87-o-00082-00022181-00022531 to the outlets but you don't have to use
7TB461N87-o-00083-00022532-00022729 the abstraction mechanism to make that
7TB461N87-o-00084-00022730-00023035 be true so there there are two possible
7TB461N87-o-00085-00023036-00023323 ways of having objects inside or sorry
7TB461N87-o-00086-00023324-00023542 whole package inside objects one of
7TB461N87-o-00087-00023543-00023749 which is this way which is you just name
7TB461N87-o-00088-00023750-00024148 a file with the finals name partial TV
7TB461N87-o-00089-00024149-00024784 the other of them is simpler let's make
7TB461N87-o-00090-00024785-00025111 a new patch and the simpler thing is
7TB461N87-o-00091-00025112-00025861 this 16 you please you could just say PD
7TB461N87-o-00092-00025862-00026431 and then give it a name I think without
7TB461N87-o-00093-00026432-00026602 any spaces in it is usual because sin
7TB461N87-o-00094-00026602-00026794 Katie spaces are deliveries between
7TB461N87-o-00095-00026795-00027183 arguments and now this thing is inside
7TB461N87-o-00096-00027185-00027424 this box in the same way as was true
7TB461N87-o-00097-00027425-00027667 would be so called abstractions that you
7TB461N87-o-00098-00027668-00027858 saw on that other example the word that
7TB461N87-o-00099-00027860-00028012 abstraction refers to the fact that you
7TB461N87-o-00100-00028013-00028221 are in fact loading a patch into us a
7TB461N87-o-00101-00028222-00028489 window as opposed to just editing it
7TB461N87-o-00102-00028489-00028695 yourself into the thinking past it
7TB461N87-o-00103-00028697-00029115 called so here we can do things like
7TB461N87-o-00104-00029116-00029386 this just give ourselves an object to
7TB461N87-o-00105-00029387-00029790 call it an inlet and that as soon as I
7TB461N87-o-00106-00029791-00029935 made it it made one of these things
7TB461N87-o-00107-00029936-00030319 happen and furthermore if I make more of
7TB461N87-o-00108-00030320-00031023 them they show up as I'm making them and
7TB461N87-o-00109-00031024-00031897 the same is true for outlets
7TB461N87-o-00110-00031898-00032239 oh just to confuse matters further you
7TB461N87-o-00111-00032239-00032433 can have inlets and outlets but they can
7TB461N87-o-00112-00032435-00033019 come in control and signal varieties if
7TB461N87-o-00113-00033020-00033249 you say inlet Tilda now Matilda then you
7TB461N87-o-00114-00033250-00033526 can put audio signals into and get audio
7TB461N87-o-00115-00033527-00033757 signals out of the inlets and outlets
7TB461N87-o-00116-00033758-00034039 otherwise you're doing messages and you
7TB461N87-o-00117-00034040-00034216 can't mix them unfortunately that's a
7TB461N87-o-00118-00034217-00034594 limitation so the other thing about that
7TB461N87-o-00119-00034595-00034939 is well alright let's get a nice number
7TB461N87-o-00120-00034940-00035218 box here and we'll make a stupid patch
7TB461N87-o-00121-00035219-00035599 which is it just takes whatever comes in
7TB461N87-o-00122-00035600-00035884 and throws it out the output well in
7TB461N87-o-00123-00035885-00036028 fact I can even do better than that and
7TB461N87-o-00124-00036029-00036499 say oscillators 440 and i'll make that
7TB461N87-o-00125-00036500-00036759 talk to this it will go to this one
7TB461N87-o-00126-00036760-00037072 because it's an inlet not an inlet Tilda
7TB461N87-o-00127-00037073-00037336 but this one it can connect to because
7TB461N87-o-00128-00037337-00037690 that's a cig Nolan and maybe if I have
7TB461N87-o-00129-00037691-00037918 the pen if I have a file here i can say
7TB461N87-o-00130-00037919-00038616 output yes now we've got a great little
7TB461N87-o-00131-00038617-00038929 pass through a sinusoid it doesn't work
7TB461N87-o-00132-00038930-00039702 Oh what did it work six item here either
7TB461N87-o-00133-00039703-00040107 yeah that's it it's like duh let's do
7TB461N87-o-00134-00040108-00040473 this and then we have a little passed
7TB461N87-o-00135-00040474-00040734 through thing okay similarly here we've
7TB461N87-o-00136-00040735-00040995 got messages going in and and but let's
7TB461N87-o-00137-00040996-00041876 do it now we've got that going on now
7TB461N87-o-00138-00041877-00042207 how do you know which is which it's
7TB461N87-o-00139-00042208-00042498 stupid but it's the only possible you
7TB461N87-o-00140-00042499-00042708 can do it these things however they
7TB461N87-o-00141-00042709-00042888 appear from left to right is how these
7TB461N87-o-00142-00042889-00043364 appear from left to right there yeah
7TB461N87-o-00143-00043365-00044189 yeah so I could do this and now I've got
7TB461N87-o-00144-00044190-00044456 sort of a little brain milk device
7TB461N87-o-00145-00044457-00044781 effect yeah you can eat and you can do
7TB461N87-o-00146-00044782-00045562 that too
7TB461N87-o-00147-00045563-00045886 you know I mean it's the same way it's
7TB461N87-o-00148-00045887-00046067 still worried in other words moving
7TB461N87-o-00149-00046068-00046186 things around shouldn't change how the
7TB461N87-o-00150-00046187-00046439 thing functions and the only way to not
7TB461N87-o-00151-00046440-00046601 change how it functions is to sort of
7TB461N87-o-00152-00046602-00046774 fix it so that it functions the same so
7TB461N87-o-00153-00046775-00046990 so it actually switches the vm lets me
7TB461N87-o-00154-00046991-00047227 all its around in real time if you're
7TB461N87-o-00155-00047228-00047408 moving the objects around it's no other
7TB461N87-o-00156-00047409-00047827 real way to do it alright so that's
7TB461N87-o-00157-00047828-00048098 inlets and outlets and maybe answered
7TB461N87-o-00158-00048099-00048205 your question about how you figure out
7TB461N87-o-00159-00048206-00048461 which is which they're proportionally
7TB461N87-o-00160-00048462-00048598 spaced across here there's one other
7TB461N87-o-00161-00048599-00048848 little thing to know which is this if I
7TB461N87-o-00162-00048849-00049243 said PD and then had a bunch of inlets
7TB461N87-o-00163-00049244-00049489 now it works like this this will happen
7TB461N87-o-00164-00049490-00049655 to you eventually even if it hasn't
7TB461N87-o-00165-00049656-00049924 happened yet at some point you get to
7TB461N87-o-00166-00049925-00050487 the point where it's just black with
7TB461N87-o-00167-00050488-00050818 inlets and outlets and then how do you
7TB461N87-o-00168-00050819-00051107 know what you're connecting to and the
7TB461N87-o-00169-00051108-00051355 answer is really stupid the answer is
7TB461N87-o-00170-00051357-00051532 just give it a nice long argument like
7TB461N87-o-00171-00051533-00052066 that so that they get spaced out and if
7TB461N87-o-00172-00052067-00052223 the name you David wasn't long enough
7TB461N87-o-00173-00052224-00052393 just add some hyphens to it or something
7TB461N87-o-00174-00052394-00052642 to make it long enough someday there
7TB461N87-o-00175-00052644-00052838 will be a way of controlling the widths
7TB461N87-o-00176-00052839-00053096 but right now width the width of the box
7TB461N87-o-00177-00053097-00053279 is just deleted the text that fits into
7TB461N87-o-00178-00053279-00053528 said this is so if you want to change it
7TB461N87-o-00179-00053529-00054383 his chain stood there isn't and it's
7TB461N87-o-00180-00054384-00054614 okay so that's inlets and outlets and
7TB461N87-o-00181-00054615-00055273 sub patches
7TB461N87-o-00182-00055274-00055660 and the other things that I want you to
7TB461N87-o-00183-00055661-00055903 be able to know is that the sort of
7TB461N87-o-00184-00055904-00056076 collect some new objects that we're
7TB461N87-o-00185-00056077-00056301 dealing with that have to do with
7TB461N87-o-00186-00056302-00056666 getting stuff into an out of sub patches
7TB461N87-o-00187-00056667-00056932 one collection of things was indeed
7TB461N87-o-00188-00056933-00057184 inlets and outlets and oh I said tilde
7TB461N87-o-00189-00057185-00057379 but you know Inlet outlet and inlet
7TB461N87-o-00190-00057379-00057607 tilde and outlet tilden and then there
7TB461N87-o-00191-00057608-00057804 is also i've already shown you throw and
7TB461N87-o-00192-00057805-00058162 catch which are things that set up
7TB461N87-o-00193-00058163-00058348 summing buses the place that showed up
7TB461N87-o-00194-00058349-00059140 was here inside the partial again the
7TB461N87-o-00195-00059141-00059374 last thing that happens is we throw do a
7TB461N87-o-00196-00059375-00059572 through kilda tube and then you give it
7TB461N87-o-00197-00059573-00059832 a name which is some this is like delay
7TB461N87-o-00198-00059833-00060241 read almost oh sorry this is like table
7TB461N87-o-00199-00060241-00060555 making a table or making us in this
7TB461N87-o-00200-00060557-00061060 defines a thing his name is son and then
7TB461N87-o-00201-00061061-00061242 anyone who wants to can refer to it by
7TB461N87-o-00202-00061244-00061516 saying catch tilde and then the word
7TB461N87-o-00203-00061516-00061951 some again and that and this patch is
7TB461N87-o-00204-00061952-00062284 done down here catch till the sum and
7TB461N87-o-00205-00062285-00062569 then output alright this can't be
7TB461N87-o-00206-00062570-00062805 earthquakes this is just vibrations just
7TB461N87-o-00207-00062807-00062998 another time
7TB461N87-o-00208-00062999-00063388 okay and there's more probably which I
7TB461N87-o-00209-00063389-00063538 haven't well which I explained last
7TB461N87-o-00210-00063539-00063682 slide and you can now look it up on the
7TB461N87-o-00211-00063683-00064354 DVD soil repeater okay so I want to move
7TB461N87-o-00212-00064354-00064498 to another example that just shows you
7TB461N87-o-00213-00064499-00064891 how to arrange sub well arranged copies
7TB461N87-o-00214-00064891-00065041 of the sub patch the truth made using
7TB461N87-o-00215-00065041-00065260 the abstraction mechanism in a couple of
7TB461N87-o-00216-00065261-00065441 other different ways just to give you
7TB461N87-o-00217-00065442-00065668 programming paradigms if you like four
7TB461N87-o-00218-00065669-00066016 ways of putting things together neither
7TB461N87-o-00219-00066017-00066355 none of these is is the sort of final
7TB461N87-o-00220-00066356-00066529 answer to how you should do this these
7TB461N87-o-00221-00066530-00066730 are all sort of alternatives that you
7TB461N87-o-00222-00066731-00066991 will find a personal style that tracks
7TB461N87-o-00223-00066992-00067378 to one or another and so unlike that so
7TB461N87-o-00224-00067379-00067798 this was this one was d0 seven there I
7TB461N87-o-00225-00067799-00068254 think two others in this series now
7TB461N87-o-00226-00068255-00068586 they've got around just for just in case
7TB461N87-o-00227-00068587-00070202 eight here's a here's a cool trick
7TB461N87-o-00228-00070203-00070462 and this is an additive synthesis patch
7TB461N87-o-00229-00070463-00070858 that allows you to draw a spectrum
7TB461N87-o-00230-00070859-00071618 doesn't this let me move it on
7TB461N87-o-00231-00071619-00072130 alright got rid of that where are we
7TB461N87-o-00232-00072131-00072429 I must have miniaturized it somehow
7TB461N87-o-00233-00072430-00072747 where's the
7TB461N87-o-00234-00072748-00073511 I don't know how to scroll this
7TB461N87-o-00235-00073512-00073965 yeah there we go so
7TB461N87-o-00236-00073966-00074175 this is not drawing a waveform this is
7TB461N87-o-00237-00074176-00074463 drawing a spectrum so I can do this and
7TB461N87-o-00238-00074464-00074631 get stuff that has plenty of high
7TB461N87-o-00239-00074632-00074925 frequencies or I could do this get the
7TB461N87-o-00240-00074926-00075384 low fee is instead or if you like I can
7TB461N87-o-00241-00075385-00075583 put in
7TB461N87-o-00242-00075584-00075805 four months and then I could pretend
7TB461N87-o-00243-00075806-00076314 that I'm making vocal synthesis
7TB461N87-o-00244-00076315-00076585 and then vocal synthesis is more
7TB461N87-o-00245-00076586-00076771 believable if it's moving at and it's
7TB461N87-o-00246-00076772-00077136 like that
7TB461N87-o-00247-00077137-00077475 ok this is ok so what's happening here
7TB461N87-o-00248-00077476-00077829 is there must be an abstraction
7TB461N87-o-00249-00077830-00077946 somewhere because we have a whole bunch
7TB461N87-o-00250-00077947-00078090 of oscillators each one is playing a
7TB461N87-o-00251-00078091-00078255 partial of this I think there might be
7TB461N87-o-00252-00078256-00078759 36 partials in this sound and ok and I'm
7TB461N87-o-00253-00078760-00079980 like the shut up over here scroll ok
7TB461N87-o-00254-00079981-00080223 there's an oscillator bank which just to
7TB461N87-o-00255-00080224-00080508 be on the safe side I put in a sub Pat
7TB461N87-o-00256-00080509-00080688 well on the say-so on the same side I
7TB461N87-o-00257-00080689-00081078 putting sub patch and it consists of an
7TB461N87-o-00258-00081079-00081276 abstraction called spectrum partial of
7TB461N87-o-00259-00081277-00081699 which there were 30 voices and what does
7TB461N87-o-00260-00081700-00081861 the abstraction do well what it has to
7TB461N87-o-00261-00081862-00082026 do or what it has to be able to do is
7TB461N87-o-00262-00082027-00082310 figure out what pitch it should have and
7TB461N87-o-00263-00082311-00082803 then go at to this table and finding the
7TB461N87-o-00264-00082804-00082962 point which is at the pitch and figure
7TB461N87-o-00265-00082963-00083130 out what its volume should be so what
7TB461N87-o-00266-00083131-00083415 its amplitude she'd be upset so what's
7TB461N87-o-00267-00083416-00083535 happening here is the pitches are all
7TB461N87-o-00268-00083536-00083724 determined simply by find out what the
7TB461N87-o-00269-00083725-00083925 fundamental pitches and I know what
7TB461N87-o-00270-00083926-00084285 partial I am I can compete my pitch but
7TB461N87-o-00271-00084286-00084471 I also want to know what my amplitude is
7TB461N87-o-00272-00084472-00084648 and the amplitudes being set by this
7TB461N87-o-00273-00084649-00085298 table which I can then change
7TB461N87-o-00274-00085299-00085604 so this is a way of I don't know what
7TB461N87-o-00275-00085605-00085781 it's a sort of a super Hammond organ if
7TB461N87-o-00276-00085782-00086101 you like all right so how would you do
7TB461N87-o-00277-00086102-00086540 that so again we're using the throw and
7TB461N87-o-00278-00086541-00086707 catch mechanism for getting the audio
7TB461N87-o-00279-00086708-00086840 signals in and out and the sends and
7TB461N87-o-00280-00086841-00087016 receives in order to get messages in now
7TB461N87-o-00281-00087017-00087557 and again just as in the bell example
7TB461N87-o-00282-00087558-00087776 with the problem disambiguating what
7TB461N87-o-00283-00087777-00088115 we're doing so that so that each one of
7TB461N87-o-00284-00088116-00088346 them can do what its can make its own
7TB461N87-o-00285-00088347-00088550 partial and not have all 30 then make
7TB461N87-o-00286-00088551-00088811 the same partial so each one of them you
7TB461N87-o-00287-00088812-00088979 know the one that gets the argument 25
7TB461N87-o-00288-00088980-00089162 should do the 25th partial it's one like
7TB461N87-o-00289-00089163-00089354 that so you have to be able to do that
7TB461N87-o-00290-00089355-00089654 using the dollar sign mechanism that has
7TB461N87-o-00291-00089655-00089863 to say to the argument passing mechanism
7TB461N87-o-00292-00089864-00090098 for abstraction which is that this
7TB461N87-o-00293-00090099-00090311 dollar sign one here expands to the
7TB461N87-o-00294-00090312-00090529 number one but in the window which is
7TB461N87-o-00295-00090530-00090812 this next one it will expand it to and
7TB461N87-o-00296-00090813-00091247 so on like that so then what are we
7TB461N87-o-00297-00091248-00091807 going to do well one little thing that I
7TB461N87-o-00298-00091808-00091985 should probably say first because it's a
7TB461N87-o-00299-00091986-00092251 deep tail but it's a fundamental detail
7TB461N87-o-00300-00092252-00092525 is this um you there's no way in
7TB461N87-o-00301-00092526-00092831 particular in pd that you can get told
7TB461N87-o-00302-00092832-00093106 when a table change this value this is
7TB461N87-o-00303-00093107-00093263 something at all to be there which it
7TB461N87-o-00304-00093264-00093662 isn't and so this thing does the does
7TB461N87-o-00305-00093663-00093905 the incorrect thing according to
7TB461N87-o-00306-00093906-00094118 computer science of polling as to say
7TB461N87-o-00307-00094119-00094282 what it does is some number of times a
7TB461N87-o-00308-00094283-00094511 second each of the oscillators looks at
7TB461N87-o-00309-00094512-00094712 the table in order to figure out what
7TB461N87-o-00310-00094713-00095048 it's what its amplitude should be right
7TB461N87-o-00311-00095049-00095309 and so there's a there from somewhere
7TB461N87-o-00312-00095310-00095522 which i can show you later there's a sin
7TB461N87-o-00313-00095523-00095696 pole table that has just a metronome
7TB461N87-o-00314-00095697-00095897 sending banks that are going out at some
7TB461N87-o-00315-00095898-00096293 30 times a second i think
7TB461N87-o-00316-00096294-00096707 question oh I haven't told you Moses
7TB461N87-o-00317-00096708-00096984 yeah okay psyche I should have figured
7TB461N87-o-00318-00096985-00097296 there'd be objects that okay so Moses
7TB461N87-o-00319-00097297-00097562 here we go we'll get the help on it
7TB461N87-o-00320-00097563-00097905 Moses is this you put a number in and if
7TB461N87-o-00321-00097906-00098138 it's bigger than the argument it goes
7TB461N87-o-00322-00098139-00098343 out 1 output in it's less knee argument
7TB461N87-o-00323-00098344-00098669 goes out the other it's a reference to
7TB461N87-o-00324-00098670-00099111 the Red Sea thing and you can you can
7TB461N87-o-00325-00099112-00099263 change the value of 10 by changing this
7TB461N87-o-00326-00099264-00099462 argument so if i want to have 30 v the
7TB461N87-o-00327-00099463-00099630 split point i do that and then it's
7TB461N87-o-00328-00099631-00099915 things up to 30 there and thinks things
7TB461N87-o-00329-00099916-00100116 30 and more go this way and things up to
7TB461N87-o-00330-00100117-00100428 29 go out there and it's also floating
7TB461N87-o-00331-00100429-00100866 points so 29 and a half goes out there
7TB461N87-o-00332-00100867-00101463 but as soon as we hit 30 will get out
7TB461N87-o-00333-00101464-00101963 here okay so that's Moses Moses is is
7TB461N87-o-00334-00101964-00102246 similar to route route is another thing
7TB461N87-o-00335-00102247-00102453 which takes messages in and puts it out
7TB461N87-o-00336-00102454-00102654 them in a different place depending on
7TB461N87-o-00337-00102655-00102917 what the message is the difference is
7TB461N87-o-00338-00102918-00103291 that Moses is restricted only to outputs
7TB461N87-o-00339-00103292-00103497 because it's a different kind of a thing
7TB461N87-o-00340-00103498-00103650 and it only takes numbers it doesn't
7TB461N87-o-00341-00103651-00104084 take entire messages all right so
7TB461N87-o-00342-00104085-00104346 there's Moses which by the way now that
7TB461N87-o-00343-00104347-00104496 I've done that I should put on the new
7TB461N87-o-00344-00104497-00105610 patches list
7TB461N87-o-00345-00105611-00105791 and this one we actually really saw
7TB461N87-o-00346-00105792-00105944 today random I'm not sure we'll get to
7TB461N87-o-00347-00105945-00107295 yet
7TB461N87-o-00348-00107296-00107764 something like that okay
7TB461N87-o-00349-00107765-00108046 good question okay are there other
7TB461N87-o-00350-00108047-00108574 objects here no not that I see oh um tab
7TB461N87-o-00351-00108575-00108814 wreath I think I told you about tab
7TB461N87-o-00352-00108815-00109011 green for tilde which is a signal object
7TB461N87-o-00353-00109013-00109189 which reads tables interpolating Lee
7TB461N87-o-00354-00109190-00109509 well you can do it with messages just by
7TB461N87-o-00355-00109510-00109828 not putting the tilde there as it oh boy
7TB461N87-o-00356-00109829-00110121 dvd-r ms I think I told you about that
7TB461N87-o-00357-00110122-00110548 yep okay so so what happens here is this
7TB461N87-o-00358-00110549-00110736 thing is getting bangs 30 times a second
7TB461N87-o-00359-00110738-00110923 and every every time that happens we're
7TB461N87-o-00360-00110924-00111052 going to make a decision about what our
7TB461N87-o-00361-00111053-00111384 amplitude is meanwhile there is pitch to
7TB461N87-o-00362-00111385-00111547 figure out but pitch is simpler because
7TB461N87-o-00363-00111548-00111769 the pitch is just what it got set to buy
7TB461N87-o-00364-00111770-00111979 the number box so the pitch of this
7TB461N87-o-00365-00111980-00112270 thing depends that's this the frequency
7TB461N87-o-00366-00112271-00112456 of the oscillator which is one partial
7TB461N87-o-00367-00112457-00112795 can be computed by looking at the pitch
7TB461N87-o-00368-00112796-00113218 which is sent from this message box out
7TB461N87-o-00369-00113219-00113745 here pitch
7TB461N87-o-00370-00113746-00113922 now we were looking in the oscillator
7TB461N87-o-00371-00113923-00114035 bank and then we were looking in
7TB461N87-o-00372-00114036-00114246 spectrum partial one there's pitch
7TB461N87-o-00373-00114247-00114570 coming back and we do into ft to figure
7TB461N87-o-00374-00114571-00114882 out what it is it hurts but then this
7TB461N87-o-00375-00114883-00115038 oscillator is not going to play it the
7TB461N87-o-00376-00115039-00115176 fundamental frequency is going to play
7TB461N87-o-00377-00115177-00115403 it some multiple two fundamental given
7TB461N87-o-00378-00115404-00115760 by the partial number so here it's
7TB461N87-o-00379-00115761-00116007 partial number one so we multiply by one
7TB461N87-o-00380-00116008-00116351 but if it was partial 30 x 30 to figure
7TB461N87-o-00381-00116352-00116551 out what the frequency really is it
7TB461N87-o-00382-00116552-00116839 oscillated we're going to play this
7TB461N87-o-00383-00116840-00117323 clear
7TB461N87-o-00384-00117324-00117672 one more time okay so so there are 30 of
7TB461N87-o-00385-00117673-00117858 these things so what we're going to do
7TB461N87-o-00386-00117858-00118034 is we're going to make a sound by adding
7TB461N87-o-00387-00118035-00118241 up 30 sinusoids which will be tuned to
7TB461N87-o-00388-00118242-00118446 the partials of the of the fundamental
7TB461N87-o-00389-00118447-00118620 frequency that we want here's the
7TB461N87-o-00390-00118621-00118899 fundamental frequency dollar one is the
7TB461N87-o-00391-00118900-00119084 number of the partial we're now looking
7TB461N87-o-00392-00119085-00119315 at and this number goes from 1 to 30
7TB461N87-o-00393-00119316-00119840 depending on depending on which of these
7TB461N87-o-00394-00119841-00120386 boxes were in in the oscillator bank 1
7TB461N87-o-00395-00120388-00120821 through 30
7TB461N87-o-00396-00120822-00121148 and I'll do this later but that's a
7TB461N87-o-00397-00121149-00121277 frequency in Hertz which will go down
7TB461N87-o-00398-00121278-00121397 and all we're going to see down there as
7TB461N87-o-00399-00121398-00122069 an oscillator oscillator time and
7TB461N87-o-00400-00122070-00122207 there's a throw that you can't see but
7TB461N87-o-00401-00122208-00122552 this is scrolled off the screen other
7TB461N87-o-00402-00122553-00123199 questions yeah
7TB461N87-o-00403-00123200-00123463 what does this do oh yeah I'll have to
7TB461N87-o-00404-00123464-00123655 get to that but i'll tell you in two
7TB461N87-o-00405-00123656-00123895 words then i'll tell you later basically
7TB461N87-o-00406-00123896-00124306 silence zero doesn't have a good 0 to go
7TB461N87-o-00407-00124307-00124642 to silence and not 20 DB so it's what 0
7TB461N87-o-00408-00124643-00125094 often makes 30 as opposed to converting
7TB461N87-o-00409-00125095-00125535 other questions or just general global
7TB461N87-o-00410-00125536-00126343 cloudy confusion
7TB461N87-o-00411-00126344-00126903 yeah receive yeah
7TB461N87-o-00412-00126904-00127125 okay so this is this is not going to an
7TB461N87-o-00413-00127126-00127297 oscillator and a multiplier which is
7TB461N87-o-00414-00127298-00127533 getting multiplied by the gain and
7TB461N87-o-00415-00127534-00127708 disaster the amplitude this oscillator
7TB461N87-o-00416-00127708-00127897 and then it's an emissive throw down
7TB461N87-o-00417-00127898-00128253 here what you don't see okay the fun
7TB461N87-o-00418-00128254-00128506 part is all this stuff where we compute
7TB461N87-o-00419-00128507-00128763 the what amplitude the oscillators you
7TB461N87-o-00420-00128764-00129162 have and that recalled I want to be able
7TB461N87-o-00421-00129163-00129414 to draw that on a table and so what that
7TB461N87-o-00422-00129415-00129658 means is I should figure out where that
7TB461N87-o-00423-00129658-00129828 oscillator should be in the table and
7TB461N87-o-00424-00129829-00130239 then do a read in the table to see how
7TB461N87-o-00425-00130240-00130473 high the how high the thing should be
7TB461N87-o-00426-00130474-00130831 above nothing right so how do you do
7TB461N87-o-00427-00130832-00131162 that well okay so the table is not 0
7TB461N87-o-00428-00131163-00131466 choice this is a designer's choice what
7TB461N87-o-00429-00131467-00131640 what should the horizontal units of the
7TB461N87-o-00430-00131641-00131833 table beach should they be hurts or
7TB461N87-o-00431-00131834-00132072 should they be midi or something else in
7TB461N87-o-00432-00132073-00132268 this particular case it turned out to be
7TB461N87-o-00433-00132269-00132459 more effective or more appropriate to
7TB461N87-o-00434-00132460-00132801 put it in midi units so that the table
7TB461N87-o-00435-00132802-00133033 itself when you look at it is is
7TB461N87-o-00436-00133034-00133527 arranged by pitch not by frequency why
7TB461N87-o-00437-00133528-00133689 because if you look frequency you'd want
7TB461N87-o-00438-00133690-00133938 to be using half the table to describe
7TB461N87-o-00439-00133939-00134206 everything from 2k to 4k or something
7TB461N87-o-00440-00134207-00134356 like that and then all and there may be
7TB461N87-o-00441-00134357-00134538 a lot of detail in the lower parts that
7TB461N87-o-00442-00134539-00134731 you would be able to see because if you
7TB461N87-o-00443-00134732-00134901 to squash together so pitch is better
7TB461N87-o-00444-00134902-00135204 and I even label it here this is these
7TB461N87-o-00445-00135205-00135524 are many numbers which are which are
7TB461N87-o-00446-00135525-00135769 maybe pitches so that 60 here
7TB461N87-o-00447-00135770-00135924 corresponds to two hundred and sixty
7TB461N87-o-00448-00135925-00136116 Hertz this stuff is all very low
7TB461N87-o-00449-00136117-00136309 frequency but up here these are
7TB461N87-o-00450-00136310-00136459 frequencies which are reasonable for
7TB461N87-o-00451-00136460-00136635 performance of a vowel or something like
7TB461N87-o-00452-00136636-00136803 that in fact I did this so that I could
7TB461N87-o-00453-00136804-00137137 play with vocal synthesis
7TB461N87-o-00454-00137138-00137359 so so if you want to do vocal synthesis
7TB461N87-o-00455-00137360-00137521 with this you would figure out where do
7TB461N87-o-00456-00137522-00137890 you want the residences of an imaginary
7TB461N87-o-00457-00137891-00138118 vocal tract to be and then you would put
7TB461N87-o-00458-00138119-00138316 bumps at the points at the frequencies
7TB461N87-o-00459-00138317-00138460 of those residences and then you would
7TB461N87-o-00460-00138461-00138715 make those be you know oscillators
7TB461N87-o-00461-00138716-00138835 Atlanta those frequencies would be
7TB461N87-o-00462-00138836-00139537 louder all right
7TB461N87-o-00463-00139538-00139945 be clear okay so then so if we want
7TB461N87-o-00464-00139946-00140287 these to be addressed in MIDI units than
7TB461N87-o-00465-00140288-00140527 what we need to do is after we found the
7TB461N87-o-00466-00140528-00141070 frequency of the oscillator that we want
7TB461N87-o-00467-00141071-00141319 okay so we're going to get the pitch
7TB461N87-o-00468-00141320-00141460 back okay so what's happening here is
7TB461N87-o-00469-00141461-00141679 every time we get a bag and pool table
7TB461N87-o-00470-00141680-00141790 we're going to figure out an amplitude
7TB461N87-o-00471-00141791-00142006 so we're going to then have to get the
7TB461N87-o-00472-00142007-00142165 value of the frequency we've seen this
7TB461N87-o-00473-00142166-00142444 before in envelope generator controls
7TB461N87-o-00474-00142445-00142633 where you have a delay but after the
7TB461N87-o-00475-00142634-00142798 delay you want to set something off with
7TB461N87-o-00476-00142799-00143044 a variable message and the only way to
7TB461N87-o-00477-00143045-00143158 be able to do that is to be able to
7TB461N87-o-00478-00143159-00143359 store the value of the variable that
7TB461N87-o-00479-00143360-00143497 you're going to have to recall after the
7TB461N87-o-00480-00143498-00143776 delay this is a similar situation where
7TB461N87-o-00481-00143777-00143920 someone gave us the pitch at one moment
7TB461N87-o-00482-00143921-00144094 in time but someone's asking us to use
7TB461N87-o-00483-00144095-00144352 it another and so we uses a float object
7TB461N87-o-00484-00144353-00144656 which stores the frequency so that we
7TB461N87-o-00485-00144657-00144829 can get the frequency back when we need
7TB461N87-o-00486-00144830-00145186 it in order to compute the amplitude so
7TB461N87-o-00487-00145187-00145459 frequency is changing only at the moment
7TB461N87-o-00488-00145460-00145663 when we change the values in the number
7TB461N87-o-00489-00145664-00145903 box which controls the pitch of the
7TB461N87-o-00490-00145904-00146219 sound whereas the amplitude is changing
7TB461N87-o-00491-00146220-00146444 on a different cloth because whenever we
7TB461N87-o-00492-00146445-00147112 go pull the table all right so then we
7TB461N87-o-00493-00147113-00147397 recall the pitch which back yeah which
7TB461N87-o-00494-00147398-00147670 is in pitch units oh we converted back
7TB461N87-o-00495-00147671-00148003 to pitch here the frequency which is in
7TB461N87-o-00496-00148004-00148174 cycles per second or Hertz that's
7TB461N87-o-00497-00148175-00148315 appropriate for talking to the
7TB461N87-o-00498-00148316-00148597 oscillator but for looking up the
7TB461N87-o-00499-00148598-00148750 amplitude in the table we can be indexed
7TB461N87-o-00500-00148751-00148954 by middle pitch because that was the
7TB461N87-o-00501-00148955-00149086 more convenient way to have the table
7TB461N87-o-00502-00149087-00149383 being arranged and so we just convert
7TB461N87-o-00503-00149384-00149596 from frequency back to MIDI so here we
7TB461N87-o-00504-00149597-00149831 have this kind of odd sequence of steps
7TB461N87-o-00505-00149832-00150136 which you might find more than one place
7TB461N87-o-00506-00150137-00150337 actually which is look at a pitch could
7TB461N87-o-00507-00150338-00150508 change it to frequency but then multiply
7TB461N87-o-00508-00150509-00150649 it by a partial number and then change
7TB461N87-o-00509-00150650-00150970 it back to pitch there are alternative
7TB461N87-o-00510-00150971-00151189 ways of doing that but that's that's a
7TB461N87-o-00511-00151190-00151384 that's maybe the conceptual simplest way
7TB461N87-o-00512-00151385-00151936 of finding the pitch of a partial
7TB461N87-o-00513-00151937-00152276 alright then I'll tell you about this a
7TB461N87-o-00514-00152277-00152657 little leaguer if whammy bar is 0 that
7TB461N87-o-00515-00152658-00152867 means nothing happens here because we
7TB461N87-o-00516-00152868-00153059 subtract zero but that's a way of taking
7TB461N87-o-00517-00153060-00153200 the whole table and sliding it back
7TB461N87-o-00518-00153201-00153605 written forward if we want but it's not
7TB461N87-o-00519-00153606-00153818 necessary so so we're going to get the
7TB461N87-o-00520-00153819-00154034 pitch back out of the way to read a
7TB461N87-o-00521-00154035-00154238 proposed amplitude out of the spectrum
7TB461N87-o-00522-00154239-00154559 table and the amplitude is going to be
7TB461N87-o-00523-00154560-00154778 now turned out to be a good idea to have
7TB461N87-o-00524-00154779-00155075 a 50 DB throw from the bottom of the
7TB461N87-o-00525-00155076-00155552 table to the top why I 50 because 50
7TB461N87-o-00526-00155553-00155669 turns out to be just a good number
7TB461N87-o-00527-00155670-00156005 between very loud very soft 100 is too
7TB461N87-o-00528-00156006-00156215 much 100 is a difference in deafening
7TB461N87-o-00529-00156216-00156440 and inaudible whereas 50 is the
7TB461N87-o-00530-00156441-00156649 difference between between up and down
7TB461N87-o-00531-00156650-00157076 in audio actually if you want proof of
7TB461N87-o-00532-00157077-00157268 that go look at a mixer and look at it
7TB461N87-o-00533-00157269-00157619 at the look at the DB scale and you'll
7TB461N87-o-00534-00157620-00157826 see that they like a throw of about 50
7TB461N87-o-00535-00157827-00158138 DB is if those two hundred sort of
7TB461N87-o-00536-00158139-00158432 standard mixers typically so then what
7TB461N87-o-00537-00158433-00158654 we'll do is ok there's the Moses object
7TB461N87-o-00538-00158655-00158849 if we get a positive number out of here
7TB461N87-o-00539-00158850-00159002 now let me show you where that like
7TB461N87-o-00540-00159003-00159206 where that's happening it's here so
7TB461N87-o-00541-00159207-00159383 what's being said is if this number is
7TB461N87-o-00542-00159384-00159623 zero or even negative if I was being
7TB461N87-o-00543-00159624-00159818 sloppy about it we want to get true zero
7TB461N87-o-00544-00159819-00159974 out so that we can really shut it up
7TB461N87-o-00545-00159975-00160226 that one frequency another but if it's
7TB461N87-o-00546-00160227-00160448 positive we want to take that value and
7TB461N87-o-00547-00160449-00160679 consider it as decibels going from 50 to
7TB461N87-o-00548-00160680-00161324 100 ok with that why 50 to 100 that's
7TB461N87-o-00549-00161325-00161546 because PT has the sort of informal
7TB461N87-o-00550-00161547-00161849 standard of 100 DB is full blast that's
7TB461N87-o-00551-00161850-00162146 enforced or suggested by the db2 rms
7TB461N87-o-00552-00162147-00162398 object which if you say 100 DB it will
7TB461N87-o-00553-00162399-00162422 say
7TB461N87-o-00554-00162423-00162761 one that's an arbitrary thing 100
7TB461N87-o-00555-00162762-00162928 decibels could be any loud pneus that
7TB461N87-o-00556-00162929-00163090 you wanted to if you're just talking
7TB461N87-o-00557-00163091-00163436 relative levels but in pd the convention
7TB461N87-o-00558-00163437-00163729 is to have 100 decibels mean one or for
7TB461N87-o-00559-00163730-00164171 last so the so this these values go from
7TB461N87-o-00560-00164172-00164384 0 to 50 on the table so we're going to
7TB461N87-o-00561-00164385-00164621 do is add 50 to it to get from 50 to 100
7TB461N87-o-00562-00164622-00164846 and then we're going to convert that
7TB461N87-o-00563-00164847-00165002 into an amplitude into a linear
7TB461N87-o-00564-00165003-00165232 amplitude and then we're ready to
7TB461N87-o-00565-00165233-00165485 multiply the oscillator by that to make
7TB461N87-o-00566-00165486-00166025 that the amplitude of the oscillator so
7TB461N87-o-00567-00166026-00166322 that happens like this it back in the
7TB461N87-o-00568-00166323-00166625 voice of the abstraction okay so if it's
7TB461N87-o-00569-00166626-00166793 zero that's to say if it's less than 1
7TB461N87-o-00570-00166794-00167079 we're just going to make the amp to be 0
7TB461N87-o-00571-00167080-00167471 if it's one or more then we're going to
7TB461N87-o-00572-00167472-00167915 add 50 to it and do and run dbd rns so 0
7TB461N87-o-00573-00167916-00168326 comes out through zero but one will get
7TB461N87-o-00574-00168327-00168587 added 50 to it and then vbr message will
7TB461N87-o-00575-00168588-00169015 give us roughly point 0 0 3 minus 50 pvp
7TB461N87-o-00576-00169016-00169214 and so there will be nonzero values
7TB461N87-o-00577-00169215-00169415 range of complaint 003 all the way up to
7TB461N87-o-00578-00169416-00169910 1 in fact it's not strictly than 21
7TB461N87-o-00579-00169911-00170087 because if I do the table out of bounds
7TB461N87-o-00580-00170088-00170300 above the top then it would be more than
7TB461N87-o-00581-00170301-00170927 one by the way that's yeah
7TB461N87-o-00582-00170928-00171131 we still go out of this side and we
7TB461N87-o-00583-00171132-00171731 still give us zero okay and then to make
7TB461N87-o-00584-00171732-00172076 it sound good pack 30 or some some
7TB461N87-o-00585-00172077-00172328 nonzero value to it knows which values
7TB461N87-o-00586-00172329-00172538 best and what that does is that will
7TB461N87-o-00587-00172539-00172691 mean that whatever amplitude we computed
7TB461N87-o-00588-00172692-00172916 will haves it will will become the first
7TB461N87-o-00589-00172917-00173126 element of a two-element message with 30
7TB461N87-o-00590-00173127-00173309 and that will be appropriate to send
7TB461N87-o-00591-00173310-00174143 line till to the x
7TB461N87-o-00592-00174144-00174520 questions about that
7TB461N87-o-00593-00174521-00174702 so now just getting back to whammy bar
7TB461N87-o-00594-00174703-00174954 oh so what's happening here is we're
7TB461N87-o-00595-00174955-00175081 going to look something up in the tab
7TB461N87-o-00596-00175082-00175503 read for what we want to in substance
7TB461N87-o-00597-00175504-00175699 slide the table over conceptually what
7TB461N87-o-00598-00175700-00175851 all we have to do is slide the read
7TB461N87-o-00599-00175852-00176059 point back the same amount we want to
7TB461N87-o-00600-00176060-00176311 pretend this table is sliding so what we
7TB461N87-o-00601-00176312-00176419 would like to be able to do is take the
7TB461N87-o-00602-00176420-00176628 table and move it up or down and pitch
7TB461N87-o-00603-00176629-00176824 which is to say to transpose the entire
7TB461N87-o-00604-00176825-00177015 spectrum just a good thing to be able to
7TB461N87-o-00605-00177016-00177315 do and to do that we simply transpose in
7TB461N87-o-00606-00177316-00177637 some sense or we offset the value that
7TB461N87-o-00607-00177638-00177856 we use as an x value of the reading of
7TB461N87-o-00608-00177857-00178360 the table so that is so what's happening
7TB461N87-o-00609-00178361-00178638 then is if if the oscillator is playing
7TB461N87-o-00610-00178639-00178902 at middle C that's alright but if the
7TB461N87-o-00611-00178903-00179086 whammy bar says 12 that means we look
7TB461N87-o-00612-00179087-00179265 back here or if the way me where it's
7TB461N87-o-00613-00179266-00179427 minus 20 lemons we look forward to here
7TB461N87-o-00614-00179428-00179595 before we look it up on the table and
7TB461N87-o-00615-00179596-00180025 then the result is
7TB461N87-o-00616-00180026-00180251 that the reigning bar this is to be
7TB461N87-o-00617-00180252-00181394 expected
7TB461N87-o-00618-00181395-00181665 alright so that's another simple
7TB461N87-o-00619-00181666-00182215 simplest way we say it pretty it's it's
7TB461N87-o-00620-00182216-00182408 it's a demonstration of abusing the
7TB461N87-o-00621-00182409-00182575 abstraction mechanism for making it a
7TB461N87-o-00622-00182576-00182756 powerful additive synthesis instrument
7TB461N87-o-00623-00182757-00182972 if you were doing this for real like
7TB461N87-o-00624-00182973-00183229 making a stage worthy you wouldn't want
7TB461N87-o-00625-00183230-00183388 to make yourself have to edit the table
7TB461N87-o-00626-00183389-00183550 by hand while while you were playing
7TB461N87-o-00627-00183551-00183712 you'd want to prepare a bunch of tables
7TB461N87-o-00628-00183713-00183869 and be able to switch them or something
7TB461N87-o-00629-00183870-00184175 like that and that would be a whole
7TB461N87-o-00630-00184176-00184402 thing to plan out how you really wanted
7TB461N87-o-00631-00184403-00184721 to do it and then learn how to make it
7TB461N87-o-00632-00184722-00185113 playable so this is only this is only a
7TB461N87-o-00633-00185114-00185254 demonstration with the concept it's not
7TB461N87-o-00634-00185255-00185587 a real instrument yet questions about
7TB461N87-o-00635-00185588-00185737 this before I close it and get on to the
7TB461N87-o-00636-00185738-00186468 next thing
7TB461N87-o-00637-00186469-00186625 that
7TB461N87-o-00638-00186626-00187135 closing you next thing
7TB461N87-o-00639-00187136-00187471 let's see oh right this is an aside but
7TB461N87-o-00640-00187472-00187927 should I save this
7TB461N87-o-00641-00187928-00189843 we're over the wrong place
7TB461N87-o-00642-00189844-00190635 yeah can close that
7TB461N87-o-00643-00190636-00191233 mighty this again later
7TB461N87-o-00644-00191234-00191625 what
7TB461N87-o-00645-00191626-00192090 okay so that was like that was the table
7TB461N87-o-00646-00192091-00192348 spectrum that maybe example and now this
7TB461N87-o-00647-00192349-00192654 is this is more entertainment than it is
7TB461N87-o-00648-00192655-00193050 actual elucidation but here's another
7TB461N87-o-00649-00193051-00194416 example of using see
7TB461N87-o-00650-00194417-00194615 this is something you've probably heard
7TB461N87-o-00651-00194616-00194942 in music 170 this is the famous Shepherd
7TB461N87-o-00652-00194943-00195164 I think it's correct to call this the
7TB461N87-o-00653-00195165-00195559 shepherd Reese a town and
7TB461N87-o-00654-00195560-00195712 doesn't sound like much until you listen
7TB461N87-o-00655-00195713-00195868 to it for a while then it starts to
7TB461N87-o-00656-00195869-00196333 sound impossible this is a historic
7TB461N87-o-00657-00196334-00196435 interest because
7TB461N87-o-00658-00196436-00196675 computer musicians were able to make
7TB461N87-o-00659-00196676-00196941 this an analog synthesizer actors were
7TB461N87-o-00660-00196942-00197143 not able to make this because it
7TB461N87-o-00661-00197144-00197569 requires an accuracy and control of the
7TB461N87-o-00662-00197570-00197695 level that you can't get out of an
7TB461N87-o-00663-00197696-00198054 analog synthesizer
7TB461N87-o-00664-00198055-00198177 and this is not the world's best
7TB461N87-o-00665-00198178-00198438 Shepherd's just working in studios and
7TB461N87-o-00666-00198439-00199183 one night what it is is is a spin on
7TB461N87-o-00667-00199184-00199423 what you saw last time which is that the
7TB461N87-o-00668-00199424-00199786 table it's not even using a table but it
7TB461N87-o-00669-00199787-00200091 looks like a bell curve and then the
7TB461N87-o-00670-00200092-00200335 sinusoidal frequencies are sliding from
7TB461N87-o-00671-00200336-00200586 right to left if you like and moving up
7TB461N87-o-00672-00200587-00200826 or maybe and as you heard it sliding
7TB461N87-o-00673-00200827-00201034 from from high to low frequencies and
7TB461N87-o-00674-00201035-00201232 working their way up the bell curve and
7TB461N87-o-00675-00201233-00201378 then back down in such a way that you
7TB461N87-o-00676-00201379-00201600 always hear the descent but you never
7TB461N87-o-00677-00201601-00201738 hear people disappear at the bottom
7TB461N87-o-00678-00201739-00201879 because they're inaudible quiet at that
7TB461N87-o-00679-00201880-00202236 point and furthermore the tones are
7TB461N87-o-00680-00202237-00202404 arranged that there is an octave above
7TB461N87-o-00681-00202405-00202662 the previous one so that no matter what
7TB461N87-o-00682-00202663-00202836 you think the fundamental pitch is or
7TB461N87-o-00683-00202837-00202957 whatever your here tells you the
7TB461N87-o-00684-00202958-00203112 fundamental pitches everybody else is a
7TB461N87-o-00685-00203113-00203385 perfectly good harmonically and so as a
7TB461N87-o-00686-00203386-00203668 result if especially if you don't listen
7TB461N87-o-00687-00203669-00203829 to it to carefully and if it is too loud
7TB461N87-o-00688-00203830-00204123 you have this perfectly fused sound that
7TB461N87-o-00689-00204124-00204279 sounds like it has a single pitch except
7TB461N87-o-00690-00204280-00204520 that the pitch is paradoxical at some
7TB461N87-o-00691-00204521-00204685 points you have to change your mind
7TB461N87-o-00692-00204686-00205137 about what I could be hearing it out so
7TB461N87-o-00693-00205138-00205587 that's the shepherd Reese a tone how
7TB461N87-o-00694-00205588-00205839 it's done is basically a spin on how on
7TB461N87-o-00695-00205840-00206184 the other one but there's more math in
7TB461N87-o-00696-00206185-00206353 it so I will spare you all the math
7TB461N87-o-00697-00206354-00206631 which is the same principle oh I did one
7TB461N87-o-00698-00206632-00206766 thing here but I'll show you this out of
7TB461N87-o-00699-00206767-00206934 the next example rather than this one
7TB461N87-o-00700-00206935-00207229 which is rather than using throw and
7TB461N87-o-00701-00207230-00207619 catch I don't know which of these is
7TB461N87-o-00702-00207619-00207834 better style you can use throw till the
7TB461N87-o-00703-00207835-00208021 inside an abstraction and calf till the
7TB461N87-o-00704-00208021-00208206 outside of it to collect the results of
7TB461N87-o-00705-00208207-00208546 an abstraction or you can do what I call
7TB461N87-o-00706-00208546-00208702 a summing bus or what I think is
7TB461N87-o-00707-00208703-00208848 generally called a summing bus which is
7TB461N87-o-00708-00208850-00209173 each voice adds itself to all the
7TB461N87-o-00709-00209173-00209538 previous voices so that the output is
7TB461N87-o-00710-00209539-00209742 the accumulation of all the voices one
7TB461N87-o-00711-00209744-00210123 the other this is it's easier to see
7TB461N87-o-00712-00210125-00210652 what's going on when we do this by the
7TB461N87-o-00713-00210653-00210831 way here's a reverberate or m2 if you
7TB461N87-o-00714-00210832-00210991 get tired I'm over the dry sounds in
7TB461N87-o-00715-00210992-00211230 your in your headphones and want to
7TB461N87-o-00716-00211231-00211516 reverberate or grab this guy I'll talk
7TB461N87-o-00717-00211517-00211635 to tell you more about that in a few
7TB461N87-o-00718-00211636-00211930 weeks ok but I'll show you how to how to
7TB461N87-o-00719-00211931-00212121 actually do that in the in the next
7TB461N87-o-00720-00212123-00212571 example because it's simpler the next
7TB461N87-o-00721-00212573-00213471 example is Oh should be this
7TB461N87-o-00722-00213471-00213976 let me skip that
7TB461N87-o-00723-00213977-00214209 there's much to know about samplers
7TB461N87-o-00724-00214210-00214471 here's a here's a design of a somewhat
7TB461N87-o-00725-00214471-00214642 more general sampler than you've seen so
7TB461N87-o-00726-00214642-00215073 far the samplers that you've seen so far
7TB461N87-o-00727-00215075-00215281 have been of two flavors one of which
7TB461N87-o-00728-00215282-00215500 was driven by a line tilde object and
7TB461N87-o-00729-00215501-00215740 started with a message that we that
7TB461N87-o-00730-00215741-00216019 would start reading from a wave table or
7TB461N87-o-00731-00216019-00216256 a an array from a given point to another
7TB461N87-o-00732-00216257-00216469 point over a period of time the other
7TB461N87-o-00733-00216469-00216625 flavor that you saw was driven by a
7TB461N87-o-00734-00216626-00216846 phaser tilde and that was better adapted
7TB461N87-o-00735-00216848-00217123 to moving this is the sampler that
7TB461N87-o-00736-00217123-00217756 doesn't Luke and it is a it's it's an
7TB461N87-o-00737-00217757-00217933 elaboration of the idea of the sampler
7TB461N87-o-00738-00217934-00218271 so that you can control all sorts of
7TB461N87-o-00739-00218271-00218509 parameters that can vary one sound from
7TB461N87-o-00740-00218510-00218833 another so even in it was even there in
7TB461N87-o-00741-00218834-00218980 what you've seen before everything
7TB461N87-o-00742-00218981-00219325 except I think Oh everything that you
7TB461N87-o-00743-00219326-00219679 see there it was implicit that you could
7TB461N87-o-00744-00219680-00219832 change the amplitude of the voice of a
7TB461N87-o-00745-00219833-00220060 sampler or its duration I showed you how
7TB461N87-o-00746-00220061-00220269 to how to make them turn on and off
7TB461N87-o-00747-00220271-00220450 using an envelope generator but of
7TB461N87-o-00748-00220451-00220552 course that means that you could have
7TB461N87-o-00749-00220553-00220687 parameters that would actually control
7TB461N87-o-00750-00220688-00220864 that as opposed to just sort of specify
7TB461N87-o-00751-00220865-00221212 it in the patch the start location or
7TB461N87-o-00752-00221213-00221380 perhaps you could call it the onset into
7TB461N87-o-00753-00221381-00221740 the sample would be just and if it was
7TB461N87-o-00754-00221741-00221908 continuous soft and relaxing so whether
7TB461N87-o-00755-00221909-00222091 you want the word soft the word relaxing
7TB461N87-o-00756-00222092-00222412 right that's the start location the
7TB461N87-o-00757-00222413-00222546 sample number I haven't told you about
7TB461N87-o-00758-00222548-00222894 this but you can direct a tab read for
7TB461N87-o-00759-00222896-00223344 tilde to choose a one-of-a a collection
7TB461N87-o-00760-00223346-00223630 of a raised by name by sending it
7TB461N87-o-00761-00223631-00224032 messages duration you know amplitude you
7TB461N87-o-00762-00224033-00224215 know so everything else is just what it
7TB461N87-o-00763-00224216-00224464 was
7TB461N87-o-00764-00224465-00225267 this scroll yeah
7TB461N87-o-00765-00225267-00225612 now how do I reason the message that do
7TB461N87-o-00766-00225613-00226181 things
7TB461N87-o-00767-00226182-00226503 lost the example messages well we can
7TB461N87-o-00768-00226504-00227577 just do it okay so
7TB461N87-o-00769-00227578-00227862 okay so so you send to a thing called
7TB461N87-o-00770-00227863-00228258 note so i will in order to not remember
7TB461N87-o-00771-00228259-00228456 not have too dim to introduce yet
7TB461N87-o-00772-00228457-00228576 another object i'm just going to say
7TB461N87-o-00773-00228577-00228810 Cyndi note and send it something and the
7TB461N87-o-00774-00228811-00229173 things you send it are over here they
7TB461N87-o-00775-00229173-00229611 are on man to do this another so I'm
7TB461N87-o-00776-00229612-00229898 just learning this window manager still
7TB461N87-o-00777-00229898-00230592 policy do this ha ok so we make a
7TB461N87-o-00778-00230592-00230790 message which is a pitch and amplitude
7TB461N87-o-00779-00230791-00231023 aberration and so on like that so let's
7TB461N87-o-00780-00231025-00231267 just say pitch amplitude duration is
7TB461N87-o-00781-00231267-00231669 going to be 60 amplitudes in DB 80
7TB461N87-o-00782-00231669-00231919 duration is in second milliseconds
7TB461N87-o-00783-00231921-00232575 there's a sample number there's a know
7TB461N87-o-00784-00232576-00233265 how to do that it stopped doing
7TB461N87-o-00785-00233266-00233492 there's a sample numbers start location
7TB461N87-o-00786-00233494-00233756 rise in 2k 10 right so sample number
7TB461N87-o-00787-00233757-00234069 start time will be the beginning rise
7TB461N87-o-00788-00234069-00234819 time and then stop time no nothing
7TB461N87-o-00789-00234819-00235205 happens oh yeah still nothing happens
7TB461N87-o-00790-00235206-00235746 and see if I have two turns them on
7TB461N87-o-00791-00235748-00236383 oh yeah yeah
7TB461N87-o-00792-00236384-00236742 well
7TB461N87-o-00793-00236742-00237756 they're just moving a little more juice
7TB461N87-o-00794-00237757-00238099 okay and here just to show you what's
7TB461N87-o-00795-00238100-00238384 going on you can change now various
7TB461N87-o-00796-00238385-00239623 things like here's a different pitch I
7TB461N87-o-00797-00239624-00239824 showed you changing the amplitude before
7TB461N87-o-00798-00239825-00240442 here is changing the duration all right
7TB461N87-o-00799-00240442-00241204 here's changing the sample number all
7TB461N87-o-00800-00241205-00241399 right there two samples in there here's
7TB461N87-o-00801-00241400-00241633 change oh let's yeah I go back to you
7TB461N87-o-00802-00241634-00241879 here's mom this is more subtle because
7TB461N87-o-00803-00241880-00242063 this is a bell sound but I could ask it
7TB461N87-o-00804-00242064-00242254 to play something in the middle of the
7TB461N87-o-00805-00242255-00242482 bell sound instead of the beginning two
7TB461N87-o-00806-00242483-00242721 seconds later
7TB461N87-o-00807-00242723-00243121 and that's the sound you know the rule
7TB461N87-o-00808-00243121-00243360 about bells is the higher partials to go
7TB461N87-o-00809-00243361-00243604 to fade more quickly than Laurel and
7TB461N87-o-00810-00243605-00243817 statistically in a way and so if I go
7TB461N87-o-00811-00243817-00244012 into the bell two seconds I'll get a
7TB461N87-o-00812-00244013-00244673 sound more like that than like this
7TB461N87-o-00813-00244675-00245065 similarly well similarly finally if I
7TB461N87-o-00814-00245066-00245248 want to change the attack time say to a
7TB461N87-o-00815-00245248-00245578 second then I should make this be two
7TB461N87-o-00816-00245579-00245833 seconds long so you can hear then you
7TB461N87-o-00817-00245834-00246619 get all right and same thing with the
7TB461N87-o-00818-00246619-00246904 delay i could say make the delay be a
7TB461N87-o-00819-00246905-00247159 thousand milliseconds lon now make the
7TB461N87-o-00820-00247160-00247694 note be short like 100 and then well
7TB461N87-o-00821-00247696-00248034 that's interesting i guess it sounded
7TB461N87-o-00822-00248035-00248142 different but didn't sound different
7TB461N87-o-00823-00248144-00248840 enough let's go get 3,000 long
7TB461N87-o-00824-00248841-00249342 okay well I'm at this there is always
7TB461N87-o-00825-00249342-00249519 the dollar sign mechanism for doing
7TB461N87-o-00826-00249519-00249677 things like this because I want to be
7TB461N87-o-00827-00249678-00249894 able to change the pitch quickly but
7TB461N87-o-00828-00249894-00249992 just leave the rest of the things
7TB461N87-o-00829-00249994-00250696 constant do this kind of it whoops oh
7TB461N87-o-00830-00250697-00251101 man
7TB461N87-o-00831-00251102-00252087 go away
7TB461N87-o-00832-00252088-00252421 or if if I had the voice in there than I
7TB461N87-o-00833-00252421-00252642 could make a thing that played different
7TB461N87-o-00834-00252644-00252794 parts of the voice depending on the
7TB461N87-o-00835-00252796-00253084 number of oxen sale ok so this is again
7TB461N87-o-00836-00253085-00253327 the message box this dollar one in the
7TB461N87-o-00837-00253328-00253603 context of a message means this value
7TB461N87-o-00838-00253604-00253942 which is 71 it's gettin it's gettin this
7TB461N87-o-00839-00253942-00254356 thing replaced good okay now without
7TB461N87-o-00840-00254357-00254581 telling you all the gory details I'll
7TB461N87-o-00841-00254582-00254767 tell you a few of the gory details about
7TB461N87-o-00842-00254767-00255088 how this thing is done actually want to
7TB461N87-o-00843-00255089-00255696 leave that it's not so the first thing
7TB461N87-o-00844-00255698-00256138 to note is oh boy this is more
7TB461N87-o-00845-00256139-00256419 complicated than it needs to be first
7TB461N87-o-00846-00256421-00256981 thing it's happening is we are making
7TB461N87-o-00847-00256982-00257164 ourselves a bang before all the
7TB461N87-o-00848-00257165-00257425 arguments of the message okay so note is
7TB461N87-o-00849-00257426-00257563 coming in here and we're unpacking it
7TB461N87-o-00850-00257564-00257677 and then we're going to pack something
7TB461N87-o-00851-00257678-00257836 which consists of the note but we're
7TB461N87-o-00852-00257837-00258076 also going to choose a voice number
7TB461N87-o-00853-00258077-00258294 which will choose which one of the eight
7TB461N87-o-00854-00258296-00258562 sample voices to play so you've seen
7TB461N87-o-00855-00258563-00258787 this you've seen this pack and Ralph
7TB461N87-o-00856-00258788-00259191 combination before in the example from
7TB461N87-o-00857-00259192-00259603 februari third I think where I was doing
7TB461N87-o-00858-00259604-00259794 a polyphonic things or the first
7TB461N87-o-00859-00259796-00259915 qualifying thing with an abstraction
7TB461N87-o-00860-00259916-00260168 already had this I believe
7TB461N87-o-00861-00260169-00260403 okay so what what's happening here is
7TB461N87-o-00862-00260404-00260703 whatever these seven numbers are we're
7TB461N87-o-00863-00260704-00260826 going to add an eighth number to the
7TB461N87-o-00864-00260827-00260938 beginning and then we're going to pack
7TB461N87-o-00865-00260939-00261147 it into a message with eight values and
7TB461N87-o-00866-00261148-00261381 then we're going to route according to
7TB461N87-o-00867-00261382-00261951 the first one and that is going to be a
7TB461N87-o-00868-00261952-00262192 message for the sample voice now the
7TB461N87-o-00869-00262193-00262417 sample voice this is an abstraction now
7TB461N87-o-00870-00262418-00262776 which is just made for this one patch is
7TB461N87-o-00871-00262777-00263001 working by adding itself to the previous
7TB461N87-o-00872-00263002-00263242 one so this is a summing bus again and
7TB461N87-o-00873-00263243-00263409 now I can show you what the summing bus
7TB461N87-o-00874-00263410-00263938 looks like there's a lot of stuff here
7TB461N87-o-00875-00263939-00264180 to look at but I'll start from this
7TB461N87-o-00876-00264181-00264340 here's how you make a summing bus that's
7TB461N87-o-00877-00264341-00264549 really stupid you just take whatever
7TB461N87-o-00878-00264550-00264868 came in inlet Tilda add yourself to it
7TB461N87-o-00879-00264869-00265005 so whatever I had to do to compute the
7TB461N87-o-00880-00265006-00265251 sample is getting added to this Inlet
7TB461N87-o-00881-00265252-00265443 and then it's going to become the outlet
7TB461N87-o-00882-00265444-00265687 and then if you make an abstraction just
7TB461N87-o-00883-00265688-00265848 designed like that and to stack them up
7TB461N87-o-00884-00265849-00266070 and put them one to the next and then
7TB461N87-o-00885-00266071-00266310 they add themselves up into the sum of
7TB461N87-o-00886-00266311-00266660 all the voices
7TB461N87-o-00887-00266661-00266946 I liked so I'm not going to try to tell
7TB461N87-o-00888-00266947-00267117 you how everything in here works because
7TB461N87-o-00889-00267118-00267498 you'll all fall asleep but but the basic
7TB461N87-o-00890-00267499-00267771 idea is the same as what you've seen
7TB461N87-o-00891-00267772-00268122 before which is that there's an inlet
7TB461N87-o-00892-00268123-00268358 here which is which is corresponding to
7TB461N87-o-00893-00268359-00268637 what comes in from the route object
7TB461N87-o-00894-00268638-00268850 except that's the second and let the
7TB461N87-o-00895-00268851-00269051 first inlet is the in it for the Sun bus
7TB461N87-o-00896-00269052-00269337 the summing bus so this thing has two
7TB461N87-o-00897-00269338-00269774 inlets in one outlet this is a signal
7TB461N87-o-00898-00269775-00269924 inlet which corresponds to the inlet
7TB461N87-o-00899-00269925-00270074 Tilda you saw that he's the summing
7TB461N87-o-00900-00270075-00270288 placenta Matilda and that gets added to
7TB461N87-o-00901-00270289-00270449 whatever it computes and that goes there
7TB461N87-o-00902-00270450-00270806 and then meanwhile in here are coming
7TB461N87-o-00903-00270807-00271076 messages one message per note and each
7TB461N87-o-00904-00271077-00271493 message consists of what was it pitch
7TB461N87-o-00905-00271494-00271965 amplitude onset into this duration then
7TB461N87-o-00906-00271966-00272204 sample number then location the sample
7TB461N87-o-00907-00272205-00272498 rice pot Colton and then using
7TB461N87-o-00908-00272499-00272753 techniques that mostly you know but
7TB461N87-o-00909-00272754-00272967 using more mathematics than I've thrown
7TB461N87-o-00910-00272968-00273243 at you before compute messages that you
7TB461N87-o-00911-00273244-00273473 send to a line tilde and I decided to
7TB461N87-o-00912-00273474-00273656 make this a feline tilted for reasons of
7TB461N87-o-00913-00273657-00274191 outside explain later but the basic deal
7TB461N87-o-00914-00274192-00274466 is you just work you make a patch and
7TB461N87-o-00915-00274467-00274847 eventually messages go to the this V
7TB461N87-o-00916-00274848-00275022 line which is this V line which is
7TB461N87-o-00917-00275023-00275462 generating indices into the tablet for
7TB461N87-o-00918-00275463-00275828 this V line is making amplitudes and
7TB461N87-o-00919-00275829-00276080 this V line is getting x it to control
7TB461N87-o-00920-00276081-00276295 the overall amplitude
7TB461N87-o-00921-00276296-00276745 controls there and I don't want to give
7TB461N87-o-00922-00276746-00276909 you all the details because it's just
7TB461N87-o-00923-00276910-00277093 going to be too much I'm just going to
7TB461N87-o-00924-00277094-00277237 show you this is the overall design
7TB461N87-o-00925-00277238-00277482 strategy for these people and this is
7TB461N87-o-00926-00277483-00277693 explain step by step in the book if you
7TB461N87-o-00927-00277694-00278139 want to see all this and in gory detail
7TB461N87-o-00928-00278140-00278460 gore your detailed an eye on you this is
7TB461N87-o-00929-00278461-00278685 about the craft of making a decent good
7TB461N87-o-00930-00278686-00278926 working sampler which is harder than the
7TB461N87-o-00931-00278927-00279084 sort of basic things that I've changes
7TB461N87-o-00932-00279085-00279694 therefore so that's so these that pretty
7TB461N87-o-00933-00279695-00279862 much concludes the basic tools for
7TB461N87-o-00934-00279863-00280059 making abstractions and how you use the
7TB461N87-o-00935-00280060-00280288 basic mechanisms for doing abstractions
7TB461N87-o-00936-00280289-00280569 which are the dollar sign mechanism
7TB461N87-o-00937-00280570-00280849 inlets and outlets and the route object
7TB461N87-o-00938-00280850-00281116 and then all those objects like send and
7TB461N87-o-00939-00281117-00281457 receive throw in cash and the one I
7TB461N87-o-00940-00281458-00281581 haven't shown you yet is the signal
7TB461N87-o-00941-00281582-00281716 version of sending the seat because we
7TB461N87-o-00942-00281717-00282409 have a native idia all right
7TB461N87-o-00943-00282410-00282712 now change of subject so that's
7TB461N87-o-00944-00282713-00283206 abstraction Oh change it before I'd
7TB461N87-o-00945-00283207-00283426 before I change the subject has the
7TB461N87-o-00946-00283427-00283858 homework going for thursday or that's
7TB461N87-o-00947-00283859-00284347 another championship it should I show
7TB461N87-o-00948-00284348-00284611 you the homework again and see if there
7TB461N87-o-00949-00284612-00284842 are questions about it or see one not
7TB461N87-o-00950-00284843-00285378 anyway let me do that real quick yeah I
7TB461N87-o-00951-00285379-00285598 haven't been able to think of one the
7TB461N87-o-00952-00285599-00285718 thing I thought was going to work as an
7TB461N87-o-00953-00285719-00285940 extra credit to sounded cruddy and then
7TB461N87-o-00954-00285941-00286078 I could think of ways of fixing it but
7TB461N87-o-00955-00286079-00286357 they all were much too much work to ask
7TB461N87-o-00956-00286358-00286648 you to do so i have not being able to
7TB461N87-o-00957-00286649-00287062 think of one ok so here here it is just
7TB461N87-o-00958-00287063-00287283 just so you can hear it and see it again
7TB461N87-o-00959-00287284-00287800 see no okay so we're done with the help
7TB461N87-o-00960-00287801-00288207 browser
7TB461N87-o-00961-00288208-00288366 you're not going to be able to find us
7TB461N87-o-00962-00288367-00289139 now
7TB461N87-o-00963-00289140-00289424 yes
7TB461N87-o-00964-00289425-00289823 don't have any files in there oh that's
7TB461N87-o-00965-00289824-00290711 okay it's the wrong place
7TB461N87-o-00966-00290712-00291727 it's still around place there
7TB461N87-o-00967-00291728-00291984 it
7TB461N87-o-00968-00291985-00293424 does it work yeah so that is that is a
7TB461N87-o-00969-00293425-00293745 its action i think i'd have to go look
7TB461N87-o-00970-00293746-00293984 but it's it's driven by a phaser i
7TB461N87-o-00971-00293985-00294252 remember correctly no no I didn't do
7TB461N87-o-00972-00294253-00294402 that I made it runs driven by a line
7TB461N87-o-00973-00294403-00294570 till because it was easier to figure out
7TB461N87-o-00974-00294571-00294795 how to do it that way and basically all
7TB461N87-o-00975-00294796-00294972 of this is a bunch of chunks of a sample
7TB461N87-o-00976-00294973-00295874 that are gradually moving to be used and
7TB461N87-o-00977-00295875-00296175 frequency in size are how big the grain
7TB461N87-o-00978-00296176-00296670 is which by the way I think is the pitch
7TB461N87-o-00979-00296671-00296847 because if you read more of a thing in a
7TB461N87-o-00980-00296848-00297789 fixed amount of time and get more and
7TB461N87-o-00981-00297790-00298089 part of the trick here is you've also
7TB461N87-o-00982-00298090-00299106 got something that not me
7TB461N87-o-00983-00299107-00299437 okay so this is a fast way to have a lot
7TB461N87-o-00984-00299438-00299847 of fun with samples but see if you can
7TB461N87-o-00985-00299848-00300619 just get it to do this thing because
7TB461N87-o-00986-00300620-00300828 then you already we'll have made
7TB461N87-o-00987-00300829-00301235 yourself able to do all the rest yeah
7TB461N87-o-00988-00301236-00301551 that's clear that is for Thursday and I
7TB461N87-o-00989-00301552-00301669 couldn't think of a good extra credit
7TB461N87-o-00990-00301670-00301915 ask the expert i wanted to ask for words
7TB461N87-o-00991-00301916-00302065 make three of them and have them be in a
7TB461N87-o-00992-00302066-00302271 major triad or something like that but
7TB461N87-o-00993-00302272-00302392 then when you listen to it it's just
7TB461N87-o-00994-00302393-00302566 hash you can't actually tell what's
7TB461N87-o-00995-00302567-00302914 going on is config sonico and you could
7TB461N87-o-00996-00302915-00303051 fix that but it would require things
7TB461N87-o-00997-00303052-00303462 that you don't know about good okay the
7TB461N87-o-00998-00303463-00303817 the homework this for next week this is
7TB461N87-o-00999-00303818-00304026 this is looking in the future sequels
7TB461N87-o-01000-00304027-00304462 for the closest is just a simple
7TB461N87-o-01001-00304463-00304725 exercise simple it's it's it's a first
7TB461N87-o-01002-00304726-00305017 exercise about polyphonic voice
7TB461N87-o-01003-00305018-00305734 allocation
7TB461N87-o-01004-00305735-00305942 decided try to make something differents
7TB461N87-o-01005-00305943-00306131 possible from the continuous laughing
7TB461N87-o-01006-00306132-00306465 relaxing this is seven
7TB461N87-o-01007-00306466-00306645 this is awful this is no more
7TB461N87-o-01008-00306646-00306856 complicated than it sounds like well it
7TB461N87-o-01009-00306857-00307170 turns out that if you play a sinusoid
7TB461N87-o-01010-00307171-00307382 and then make it decay it has this sort
7TB461N87-o-01011-00307383-00307647 of wet reverberant sound is because ones
7TB461N87-o-01012-00307648-00307800 used to hearing the sounds of decaying
7TB461N87-o-01013-00307801-00308049 things in reverberant spaces I guess so
7TB461N87-o-01014-00308050-00308234 it has this very sort of drippy sound
7TB461N87-o-01015-00308235-00308451 although that's nothing but just plain
7TB461N87-o-01016-00308452-00308652 old sinusoidal oscillators exactly like
7TB461N87-o-01017-00308653-00308828 the ones I've shown you if you leave it
7TB461N87-o-01018-00308829-00309012 running it sounds dry and ugly but then
7TB461N87-o-01019-00309013-00309152 if you just turn it on and then quickly
7TB461N87-o-01020-00309153-00309308 fade it out then it starts sounding like
7TB461N87-o-01021-00309309-00309785 this except i should say that you can
7TB461N87-o-01022-00309786-00309905 probably tell there's more than one
7TB461N87-o-01023-00309906-00310082 sound happening at once you wouldn't be
7TB461N87-o-01024-00310083-00310194 able to do this with one oscillator
7TB461N87-o-01025-00310195-00310502 because in fact at any given time there
7TB461N87-o-01026-00310503-00310737 are ten of these things sounding at once
7TB461N87-o-01027-00310738-00310944 this is a 12 voice machine that I made
7TB461N87-o-01028-00310945-00311391 for this so what's happening now is
7TB461N87-o-01029-00311392-00311766 there notes being generated ok mrs. feel
7TB461N87-o-01030-00311767-00312014 which is controlled by metronome
7TB461N87-o-01031-00312015-00312286 there's a duration
7TB461N87-o-01032-00312287-00312691 exactly is in the lease a bell right
7TB461N87-o-01033-00312692-00312977 snake and mix of classic computer music
7TB461N87-o-01034-00312978-00313457 sounds the only thing that was useful I
7TB461N87-o-01035-00313458-00313643 thought immediately was being able to
7TB461N87-o-01036-00313644-00314492 use the base fancy and this is actually
7TB461N87-o-01037-00314493-00314855 quite easy to do it's just conceptually
7TB461N87-o-01038-00314856-00315143 fun it's really it's easier than this
7TB461N87-o-01039-00315144-00315897 last one thing I guarantee
7TB461N87-o-01040-00315898-00316482 yeah yeah okay so so the Metro object
7TB461N87-o-01041-00316483-00316621 takes an argument which is the
7TB461N87-o-01042-00316622-00316888 milliseconds that between things so
7TB461N87-o-01043-00316889-00317017 really the question be why is the
7TB461N87-o-01044-00317018-00317199 metronome object design that way it's
7TB461N87-o-01045-00317200-00317638 because you can actually yeah it's so
7TB461N87-o-01046-00317639-00317947 that you can get exact exact values out
7TB461N87-o-01047-00317948-00318412 of it so if you know I'm saying that is
7TB461N87-o-01048-00318413-00318619 it not possible to get it Yello because
7TB461N87-o-01049-00318620-00318780 since the scheduler works in units of
7TB461N87-o-01050-00318781-00319021 time instead of units of tempo if you
7TB461N87-o-01051-00319022-00319260 say for instance 1000 to it it really
7TB461N87-o-01052-00319261-00319524 will come down once every second but if
7TB461N87-o-01053-00319525-00319851 you're doing tempo then if you say well
7TB461N87-o-01054-00319852-00320082 1000 still think it we can say 1001
7TB461N87-o-01055-00320083-00320368 what's that a temple Elvis 59.9
7TB461N87-o-01056-00320369-00320671 something but then it would there be a
7TB461N87-o-01057-00320672-00321033 round off error so so that so the
7TB461N87-o-01058-00321034-00321180 fundamental metro object does that
7TB461N87-o-01059-00321181-00321319 simply so that you can do things that
7TB461N87-o-01060-00321320-00321688 are bitter exactly look beautiful why
7TB461N87-o-01061-00321689-00321903 didn't I make this thing do the right
7TB461N87-o-01062-00321904-00322200 thing and be 120 means to two per second
7TB461N87-o-01063-00322201-00322356 and so on it's because that would have
7TB461N87-o-01064-00322357-00322632 been making you work hard you can do it
7TB461N87-o-01065-00322633-00322837 I think it's easy to compute what you
7TB461N87-o-01066-00322838-00322947 should feed the metronome to get a
7TB461N87-o-01067-00322948-00323175 specific tempo you just take the thing
7TB461N87-o-01068-00323176-00323692 and divided into sixty thousand then I
7TB461N87-o-01069-00323693-00323893 could explain why but what that means is
7TB461N87-o-01070-00323894-00324108 60 should go to one second which is a
7TB461N87-o-01071-00324109-00324402 thousand and 120 to go to 500 and so on
7TB461N87-o-01072-00324403-00324616 so you're dividing 60,000 by the
7TB461N87-o-01073-00324617-00324951 metronomic value to get to get the
7TB461N87-o-01074-00324952-00325187 millisecond jersey
7TB461N87-o-01075-00325188-00325461 but that setting another step to the
7TB461N87-o-01076-00325462-00325713 homework that jeff juden wasn't really
7TB461N87-o-01077-00325714-00325947 part of the homework there wasn't part
7TB461N87-o-01078-00325948-00326259 of the idea anyway so yeah you can do it
7TB461N87-o-01079-00326260-00327357 either way yeah yeah okay um the the one
7TB461N87-o-01080-00327358-00327486 object I haven't told you about that
7TB461N87-o-01081-00327487-00327723 will make as possible obviously there's
7TB461N87-o-01082-00327724-00327882 a sequence of pitches there I've shown
7TB461N87-o-01083-00327883-00328083 you how to make competing sequences but
7TB461N87-o-01084-00328084-00328302 this is even stupider than that this is
7TB461N87-o-01085-00328303-00328620 just random numbers they are random
7TB461N87-o-01086-00328621-00329187 numbers with a particular range which
7TB461N87-o-01087-00329188-00329334 you probably can't hear but it's two
7TB461N87-o-01088-00329335-00329904 octaves so how would you do that that
7TB461N87-o-01089-00329905-00330045 would this be a good moment to just show
7TB461N87-o-01090-00330046-00330399 you something here's a new object or a
7TB461N87-o-01091-00330400-00330774 new patch look at sixteen point okay and
7TB461N87-o-01092-00330775-00331143 we're going to save it not here but back
7TB461N87-o-01093-00331144-00332175 in the website since you'll see it
7TB461N87-o-01094-00332176-00332596 randomness of all right so this is an
7TB461N87-o-01095-00332597-00332826 aesthetic fault line in computer music
7TB461N87-o-01096-00332827-00333139 there the word random or the word
7TB461N87-o-01097-00333140-00333409 stochastic means it has has musical
7TB461N87-o-01098-00333410-00333613 baggage when you use it so we're going
7TB461N87-o-01099-00333614-00333739 to forget all the musical baggage
7TB461N87-o-01100-00333740-00333877 associated with randomness and just
7TB461N87-o-01101-00333878-00334060 consider this as a technique rather than
7TB461N87-o-01102-00334061-00334312 as a musical statement so here's how
7TB461N87-o-01103-00334313-00334650 randomness works you just say random and
7TB461N87-o-01104-00334651-00335212 then give it a range and then every time
7TB461N87-o-01105-00335213-00335497 you give it a bang in which I'll just
7TB461N87-o-01106-00335498-00335959 give myself a bang object to do now out
7TB461N87-o-01107-00335960-00336223 will come a number which is between 0
7TB461N87-o-01108-00336224-00336829 and 24 inclusive so that there are 25
7TB461N87-o-01109-00336830-00337537 possible value stupid usually that's all
7TB461N87-o-01110-00337538-00337762 you do every once in a while you have to
7TB461N87-o-01111-00337763-00337975 actually explicitly give it a seed
7TB461N87-o-01112-00337976-00338182 because you want you have two of them
7TB461N87-o-01113-00338183-00338317 and you want them to have exactly the
7TB461N87-o-01114-00338318-00338578 same random sequences each other silly
7TB461N87-o-01115-00338579-00338746 as that might sound it does happen that
7TB461N87-o-01116-00338747-00338887 you want to do that sometime so you can
7TB461N87-o-01117-00338888-00339145 see these things that's stuff that you
7TB461N87-o-01118-00339146-00339379 can find out in the help window but 99
7TB461N87-o-01119-00339380-00339577 times out of 100 just the object itself
7TB461N87-o-01120-00339578-00339904 is what you want and now for instance to
7TB461N87-o-01121-00339905-00340540 make first off to
7TB461N87-o-01122-00340541-00340963 to make random pitches do that and add
7TB461N87-o-01123-00340964-00341404 some base pitch oh right what does that
7TB461N87-o-01124-00341405-00341515 do that gives us random numbers between
7TB461N87-o-01125-00341516-00342267 60 and 80 for I think inclusive right
7TB461N87-o-01126-00342268-00342544 6085 but 84 really because it only goes
7TB461N87-o-01127-00342545-00342808 up to 24 and now that could be something
7TB461N87-o-01128-00342809-00343333 that we feed to MIDI to frequency then
7TB461N87-o-01129-00343334-00343773 two loops and then to an oscillator and
7TB461N87-o-01130-00343774-00344455 then to a output and now we have idiot's
7TB461N87-o-01131-00344456-00345712 delight oh these numbers coming out of
7TB461N87-o-01132-00345713-00346135 here our range from 0 to 24 there 25
7TB461N87-o-01133-00346136-00346444 possible values to 0 is included and why
7TB461N87-o-01134-00346445-00346747 25 because that's two octaves including
7TB461N87-o-01135-00346748-00346930 the tuning points if you're talking
7TB461N87-o-01136-00346931-00347182 format excited if you're talking all the
7TB461N87-o-01137-00347183-00347372 teams not just
7TB461N87-o-01138-00347373-00347655 if you want to work harder figure out
7TB461N87-o-01139-00347656-00347979 how to make this work only with the keys
7TB461N87-o-01140-00347980-00348363 in a given scale that would be something
7TB461N87-o-01141-00348364-00348471 that I don't want to tell you how to do
7TB461N87-o-01142-00348472-00348912 right now like you can use modular
7TB461N87-o-01143-00348913-00349077 arithmetic to do it but you'd have to
7TB461N87-o-01144-00349078-00349263 actually think about music theory to get
7TB461N87-o-01145-00349264-00349740 there and that would be a thing so
7TB461N87-o-01146-00349741-00349914 there's randomness oh and this is
7TB461N87-o-01147-00349915-00350100 randomness the way it sounded them in
7TB461N87-o-01148-00350101-00350627 the 1960s
7TB461N87-o-01149-00350628-00351092 and while we're here it's a good point
7TB461N87-o-01150-00351093-00351278 to mention the existence of micro
7TB461N87-o-01151-00351279-00351545 tonality that's the difference between
7TB461N87-o-01152-00351546-00351929 this which is an i/o what's them do let
7TB461N87-o-01153-00351930-00352115 me make this just be a musical fifth
7TB461N87-o-01154-00352116-00352960 wide so now we have
7TB461N87-o-01155-00352961-00353516 stuff like that that let me make a nice
7TB461N87-o-01156-00353517-00353623 metronome so you can hear this
7TB461N87-o-01157-00353624-00354283 systematically and that really wants a
7TB461N87-o-01158-00354284-00354494 toggle to turn on and off and I want to
7TB461N87-o-01159-00354495-00354706 I'm doing this so that I can compare it
7TB461N87-o-01160-00354707-00356182 to another thing
7TB461N87-o-01161-00356183-00356396 if you can do it fast enough you can
7TB461N87-o-01162-00356397-00356603 play a piano you could play those
7TB461N87-o-01163-00356604-00356747 pitches on the piano because they are
7TB461N87-o-01164-00356748-00357039 all integers what if you didn't walk in
7TB461N87-o-01165-00357040-00357233 interest we really wanted to sound like
7TB461N87-o-01166-00357234-00357754 an analog synthesizer you could do this
7TB461N87-o-01167-00357755-00357905 now
7TB461N87-o-01168-00357906-00358229 random number generators in general make
7TB461N87-o-01169-00358230-00358425 random numbers that are integers
7TB461N87-o-01170-00358426-00358560 it looks like it's making something
7TB461N87-o-01171-00358561-00358708 other than
7TB461N87-o-01172-00358709-00358882 the pseudo-random number generator in
7TB461N87-o-01173-00358883-00359100 the
7TB461N87-o-01174-00359101-00359374 so true to that random really does only
7TB461N87-o-01175-00359375-00359587 make integers but we can say what we
7TB461N87-o-01176-00359588-00359930 have a random thing that it goes from
7TB461N87-o-01177-00359931-00360442 zero to seven hundred and then we're
7TB461N87-o-01178-00360443-00361320 going to divide by a hundred
7TB461N87-o-01179-00361321-00361470 Oh should I do that or should they get
7TB461N87-o-01180-00361471-00361695 800 let's do eight hundred just two
7TB461N87-o-01181-00361696-00362644 piece I don't know why to be simpler
7TB461N87-o-01182-00362645-00362899 okay now this is the round of eight
7TB461N87-o-01183-00362900-00363040 hundred and / I had it is the same thing
7TB461N87-o-01184-00363041-00363322 as random 8 except that here a perfectly
7TB461N87-o-01185-00363323-00363481 good value would be 50 and that would
7TB461N87-o-01186-00363482-00363769 turn into 0.5 which won't come out of
7TB461N87-o-01187-00363770-00364294 this one so this now is the diatonic
7TB461N87-o-01188-00364295-00364552 version this is going to be the sorry
7TB461N87-o-01189-00364553-00364683 nothing diatonic make the chromatic
7TB461N87-o-01190-00364684-00364806 version this is going to be the micro
7TB461N87-o-01191-00364807-00365469 kernel version
7TB461N87-o-01192-00365470-00365810 your difference that's a genuine almost
7TB461N87-o-01193-00365811-00365964 the continuous equation of possible
7TB461N87-o-01194-00365965-00366529 pitches as opposed to this which is
7TB461N87-o-01195-00366530-00366835 which is cycling back and forth three
7TB461N87-o-01196-00366836-00367456 stages over and over again so that's
7TB461N87-o-01197-00367457-00367783 randomness and a sort of a note about
7TB461N87-o-01198-00367784-00368237 quantization that might inform how you
7TB461N87-o-01199-00368238-00368579 choose random members another thing to
7TB461N87-o-01200-00368580-00368783 think about another thing that you might
7TB461N87-o-01201-00368784-00368972 want to do here now that you've got nice
7TB461N87-o-01202-00368973-00369302 random numbers is use a table to have
7TB461N87-o-01203-00369303-00369482 random numbers their chosen from a set
7TB461N87-o-01204-00369483-00369611 of possibilities that you might have
7TB461N87-o-01205-00369612-00369887 prearranged and that table you would set
7TB461N87-o-01206-00369888-00370013 up in the same way as you set up the
7TB461N87-o-01207-00370014-00370217 sequence of table from many weeks
7TB461N87-o-01208-00370218-00370418 earlier and then you can choose randomly
7TB461N87-o-01209-00370419-00370580 from a collection of pitches that you
7TB461N87-o-01210-00370581-00370790 chose and could even change dynamically
7TB461N87-o-01211-00370791-00371105 as you want so now you have easy way to
7TB461N87-o-01212-00371106-00371408 make sort of standard MIDI art kinds of
7TB461N87-o-01213-00371409-00371765 things that's randomness and that's that
7TB461N87-o-01214-00371766-00371975 that is only there so that you can know
7TB461N87-o-01215-00371976-00372254 how to do this because the only thing
7TB461N87-o-01216-00372255-00372398 that you don't know how to do about this
7TB461N87-o-01217-00372399-00372815 yet is generating all these pitches and
7TB461N87-o-01218-00372816-00373817 all it was is something like this yeah
7TB461N87-o-01219-00373818-00374054 oh you've got to the extended someone
7TB461N87-o-01220-00374055-00374204 wrote another kind of output till the
7TB461N87-o-01221-00374205-00374633 thing that has it you have to go get
7TB461N87-o-01222-00374634-00375005 this one which is inside you know what
7TB461N87-o-01223-00375006-00375227 it's not the website so if you look at
7TB461N87-o-01224-00375228-00375476 the sample patches from any time in the
7TB461N87-o-01225-00375477-00375722 last week or two there will be one of
7TB461N87-o-01226-00375723-00375932 these and if you put that insane
7TB461N87-o-01227-00375933-00376067 directories the packs but you're working
7TB461N87-o-01228-00376068-00376319 on that will be ready first and it will
7TB461N87-o-01229-00376320-00376463 give you one of these instead of the
7TB461N87-o-01230-00376464-00376733 limit rickety
7TB461N87-o-01231-00376734-00377348 oh and i saw the deed yep there's
7TB461N87-o-01232-00377349-00377543 probably nothing wrong with you it's
7TB461N87-o-01233-00377544-00377944 probably better okay
7TB461N87-o-01234-00377945-00378301 alright so we've done that but now i'm
7TB461N87-o-01235-00378302-00378524 going to to shift gears entirely and
7TB461N87-o-01236-00378525-00378815 start talking about modulation the first
7TB461N87-o-01237-00378816-00379123 thing to know about modulation is this
7TB461N87-o-01238-00379124-00379451 this is something i mentioned before but
7TB461N87-o-01239-00379452-00379976 not really made much out of so we're
7TB461N87-o-01240-00379977-00380716 going to make this for ring modulation
7TB461N87-o-01241-00380717-00380953 okay so ring modulation is the following
7TB461N87-o-01242-00380954-00381244 idea this is really really simple except
7TB461N87-o-01243-00381245-00381448 you can do a lot with it take two
7TB461N87-o-01244-00381449-00382533 oscillators and multiply them
7TB461N87-o-01245-00382534-00382749 okay this so right now we're just
7TB461N87-o-01246-00382750-00382881 recreating something that you've seen
7TB461N87-o-01247-00382882-00383113 already once so I'm going to make number
7TB461N87-o-01248-00383114-00383344 boxes to set the frequencies the first
7TB461N87-o-01249-00383345-00383553 one will just be a reasonable frequency
7TB461N87-o-01250-00383554-00383856 for listening to the pitch a this can be
7TB461N87-o-01251-00383857-00384327 for 40 and the second one is whatever I
7TB461N87-o-01252-00384328-00384592 give it which will be medium frequency
7TB461N87-o-01253-00384593-00384684 to change
7TB461N87-o-01254-00384685-00384921 this is like in vain one and then higher
7TB461N87-o-01255-00384922-00385242 values
7TB461N87-o-01256-00385243-00385612 make the sound split
7TB461N87-o-01257-00385613-00385771 so there are several ways of thinking
7TB461N87-o-01258-00385772-00386064 about this one of them is that if you
7TB461N87-o-01259-00386065-00386254 you know that if you have two different
7TB461N87-o-01260-00386255-00386449 sinusoids of different frequencies that
7TB461N87-o-01261-00386450-00386692 you hear they will beat together at
7TB461N87-o-01262-00386693-00386812 least at the frequency of their clothes
7TB461N87-o-01263-00386813-00386971 and so you can think of that as a
7TB461N87-o-01264-00386972-00387176 sinusoid x on the signs
7TB461N87-o-01265-00387177-00387371 in fact it's a trigonometric identity
7TB461N87-o-01266-00387372-00387671 but you can apply it backer you can take
7TB461N87-o-01267-00387672-00387809 this thing and make it beat by
7TB461N87-o-01268-00387810-00388034 multiplying it by an oscillator and what
7TB461N87-o-01269-00388035-00388214 that is is mathematically equal to two
7TB461N87-o-01270-00388215-00388499 other oscillators or two other sinusoids
7TB461N87-o-01271-00388500-00389069 one at 338 and one at 442 and then if
7TB461N87-o-01272-00389070-00389243 you make this go faster they split
7TB461N87-o-01273-00389244-00389387 further and further apartment so you can
7TB461N87-o-01274-00389388-00389717 hear them as separate visits
7TB461N87-o-01275-00389718-00390293 right that's a good thing and the good
7TB461N87-o-01276-00390294-00390437 thing about it is not that you can make
7TB461N87-o-01277-00390438-00390590 two oscillators out of one because of
7TB461N87-o-01278-00390591-00390689 course you could have done that by
7TB461N87-o-01279-00390690-00390815 adding them but that you can actually
7TB461N87-o-01280-00390816-00390977 take anything that you want to and do
7TB461N87-o-01281-00390978-00391421 that to it so for instance see let's get
7TB461N87-o-01282-00391422-00392666 a let's just do it live fixed now
7TB461N87-o-01283-00392667-00392858 so now instead of the oscillator I'm
7TB461N87-o-01284-00392859-00393272 just going to use the microphone risky
7TB461N87-o-01285-00393273-00393503 choice and microphone microphone
7TB461N87-o-01286-00393504-00394406 microphone
7TB461N87-o-01287-00394407-00394891 okay does the microphone work oh boy
7TB461N87-o-01288-00394892-00395071 does it work hello we are talking to
7TB461N87-o-01289-00395072-00395306 microphone now why are we here that
7TB461N87-o-01290-00395307-00396247 because I haven't turned this on this is
7TB461N87-o-01291-00396248-00396664 not good because I'm not going to be
7TB461N87-o-01292-00396665-00396865 able to do anything else than my selfie
7TB461N87-o-01293-00396866-00397903 her do that okay there's probably button
7TB461N87-o-01294-00397904-00398314 there's a monitor switch hello good it
7TB461N87-o-01295-00398315-00398524 went away all right so now let's turn
7TB461N87-o-01296-00398525-00398803 this 20 okay so nothing comes out
7TB461N87-o-01297-00398804-00398941 because i'm sending sound of the
7TB461N87-o-01298-00398942-00399172 computer but it's not sending out that i
7TB461N87-o-01299-00399173-00399394 had my audio interface on monitor before
7TB461N87-o-01300-00399395-00399706 and now let's see we turn this on and
7TB461N87-o-01301-00399707-00399874 then we should start removing them okay
7TB461N87-o-01302-00399875-00400066 so this is my voice amplified through
7TB461N87-o-01303-00400067-00400288 the pan right so now i can do anything
7TB461N87-o-01304-00400289-00400537 that I want to to it in particular I can
7TB461N87-o-01305-00400538-00400825 make it start beating so now I'll start
7TB461N87-o-01306-00400826-00401338 doing criminal so if I could make a nice
7TB461N87-o-01307-00401339-00402354 long bath now now the fun parties
7TB461N87-o-01308-00402355-00403107 now we've got ice monster boys okay that
7TB461N87-o-01309-00403108-00403505 would happen here
7TB461N87-o-01310-00403506-00403754 what happened there is kind of cooled it
7TB461N87-o-01311-00403755-00404102 was that whatever pitch on going at has
7TB461N87-o-01312-00404103-00404262 not just itself it has a bunch of
7TB461N87-o-01313-00404263-00404585 harmonics in it and if it were just a
7TB461N87-o-01314-00404586-00404819 sinus idea we just here to pitches split
7TB461N87-o-01315-00404820-00405224 off but in fact a harmonic tone is a
7TB461N87-o-01316-00405225-00405509 bunch of sinusoids and each one of them
7TB461N87-o-01317-00405510-00405656 is going to get split off but they're
7TB461N87-o-01318-00405657-00405840 going to get split off by a fixed
7TB461N87-o-01319-00405841-00406290 frequency deviation and even the suppose
7TB461N87-o-01320-00406291-00406445 I happen to be talking at a hundred
7TB461N87-o-01321-00406446-00406712 Hertz which is kind of a typical droning
7TB461N87-o-01322-00406713-00406938 frequency for my voice right now right
7TB461N87-o-01323-00406939-00407207 so this thing is going to turn that into
7TB461N87-o-01324-00407208-00407504 100 + 53 and a hundred minus fifty three
7TB461N87-o-01325-00407505-00407766 but then the harmonic the first harm
7TB461N87-o-01326-00407767-00408063 line sorry the 1st overtone or the
7TB461N87-o-01327-00408064-00408335 second harmonic at 200 Hertz goes to 253
7TB461N87-o-01328-00408336-00408955 and 200 minus fifty three which is 147
7TB461N87-o-01329-00408956-00409354 so that so that so if I put 100 Hertz in
7TB461N87-o-01330-00409355-00409755 the original overtones are 100 200 300
7TB461N87-o-01331-00409756-00410420 400 and then what comes out is 47 53
7TB461N87-o-01332-00410421-00410672 wait 37 uh no I don't really yeah I get
7TB461N87-o-01333-00410673-00411153 47 and then I get 147 100 plus for you
7TB461N87-o-01334-00411154-00411603 know yeah that 153 and then 247 and 253
7TB461N87-o-01335-00411604-00412178 and so on like that and I'm not sure I'm
7TB461N87-o-01336-00412179-00412457 not sure this is you know it's not going
7TB461N87-o-01337-00412458-00413033 to be harmonic oh if I happen to hit
7TB461N87-o-01338-00413034-00413351 twice 53 this is 106 then I get a nice
7TB461N87-o-01339-00413352-00413903 harmonic sound again
7TB461N87-o-01340-00413904-00414285 cool but if I want to do that if I want
7TB461N87-o-01341-00414287-00414427 to do that you know in a robust way I
7TB461N87-o-01342-00414428-00414571 would have to figure out what the pitch
7TB461N87-o-01343-00414572-00414903 was and constantly adjust the 53 you can
7TB461N87-o-01344-00414904-00415012 do that I can show you how to do that
7TB461N87-o-01345-00415013-00415549 later yeah that's the other day yeah
7TB461N87-o-01346-00415550-00415714 that's the other channel and not only
7TB461N87-o-01347-00415714-00415903 running into the left channel might see
7TB461N87-o-01348-00415904-00416422 there's nothing coming out okay but
7TB461N87-o-01349-00416422-00416800 think if I get a different page just
7TB461N87-o-01350-00416801-00416985 don't have things that line up in
7TB461N87-o-01351-00416987-00417118 harmonic series and so you have
7TB461N87-o-01352-00417118-00417355 something it would be more typical of a
7TB461N87-o-01353-00417356-00417613 belt own except i can't make a bell
7TB461N87-o-01354-00417614-00417789 sound because i'd have to make my voice
7TB461N87-o-01355-00417791-00417978 in look like that and i don't think it's
7TB461N87-o-01356-00417979-00418330 physiologically possible but it's a but
7TB461N87-o-01357-00418331-00418462 it's a thing it's an in harmonic
7TB461N87-o-01358-00418463-00418689 spectrum as in spectrum of the bill
7TB461N87-o-01359-00418691-00419064 might be if i took that i took that and
7TB461N87-o-01360-00419066-00419275 sampled it and then invoked it I could
7TB461N87-o-01361-00419276-00419638 make Baelish sounds maybe a crude
7TB461N87-o-01362-00419639-00420091 village salvation say this is actually a
7TB461N87-o-01363-00420092-00420289 very general and powerful technique even
7TB461N87-o-01364-00420289-00420442 though it's looks stupid you just take
7TB461N87-o-01365-00420443-00420625 anything that you want and multiply it
7TB461N87-o-01366-00420626-00420766 by an oscillator and it takes the
7TB461N87-o-01367-00420767-00420972 frequencies in it and slide them both to
7TB461N87-o-01368-00420974-00421420 the left and to the right with with very
7TB461N87-o-01369-00421421-00421633 carefully designed filters you can
7TB461N87-o-01370-00421634-00421876 actually separate the part that slides
7TB461N87-o-01371-00421877-00422038 to the left from the part that slides to
7TB461N87-o-01372-00422039-00422275 the right but that is stuff from chapter
7TB461N87-o-01373-00422276-00422599 8 you won't get to see that just yet as
7TB461N87-o-01374-00422600-00422880 it is it's already pretty powerful
7TB461N87-o-01375-00422881-00423406 questions about this
7TB461N87-o-01376-00423407-00423754 so another example would be lets let's
7TB461N87-o-01377-00423755-00423981 make a very simple computer music
7TB461N87-o-01378-00423982-00424312 instrument okay so now i want to make in
7TB461N87-o-01379-00424313-00424549 the simplest possible way a sound that
7TB461N87-o-01380-00424550-00424699 has some interesting overtones it's just
7TB461N87-o-01381-00424700-00425083 made out of an oscillator so we're going
7TB461N87-o-01382-00425084-00425656 to be doing all this stuff again except
7TB461N87-o-01383-00425657-00425781 i'm not going to do it to my voice I'm
7TB461N87-o-01384-00425782-00425947 going to do it to an instrument so let's
7TB461N87-o-01385-00425947-00426235 design instrument first the instrument
7TB461N87-o-01386-00426235-00426427 is going to be will take an oscillator
7TB461N87-o-01387-00426428-00427024 and then just act stupid with it we're
7TB461N87-o-01388-00427025-00427489 just going to clip it between some
7TB461N87-o-01389-00427489-00427929 decent negative value and somebody's
7TB461N87-o-01390-00427930-00428808 oops okay and now I'll just play that
7TB461N87-o-01391-00428809-00429416 for you so you can hear it
7TB461N87-o-01392-00429417-00429878 no nothing oh yeah look at that that's
7TB461N87-o-01393-00429879-00430768 not gonna work
7TB461N87-o-01394-00430768-00430987 well okay that's not so exciting is it
7TB461N87-o-01395-00430988-00431493 let's let's drop this limit
7TB461N87-o-01396-00431493-00431693 it's now what's happening I figure this
7TB461N87-o-01397-00431694-00431880 before in different context all we're
7TB461N87-o-01398-00431881-00432000 doing is we're taking the oscillator
7TB461N87-o-01399-00432001-00432213 which is a sinusoid and clipping the
7TB461N87-o-01400-00432214-00432534 bottom and top that's a very simple wave
7TB461N87-o-01401-00432535-00432720 shaping kind of way to make a different
7TB461N87-o-01402-00432721-00432987 kind of wait for me and that by the way
7TB461N87-o-01403-00432988-00433488 is that's a big topic which I will give
7TB461N87-o-01404-00433489-00433680 you some mathematics about in the next
7TB461N87-o-01405-00433681-00433866 couple of sessions but right now I'm
7TB461N87-o-01406-00433867-00434022 just going to do that and have a field
7TB461N87-o-01407-00434022-00434337 nice sound right now this sound that we
7TB461N87-o-01408-00434338-00434730 have I want to take and ring module
7TB461N87-o-01409-00434731-00435545 eight so now we have same sound but now
7TB461N87-o-01410-00435546-00435935 sound let's be puzzling
7TB461N87-o-01411-00435937-00436789 very good choice in frequencies
7TB461N87-o-01412-00436790-00437689 you
7TB461N87-o-01413-00437689-00437942 so this is a very fast way of making an
7TB461N87-o-01414-00437943-00438353 harmonic spectrum of harmonic waves and
7TB461N87-o-01415-00438354-00438614 this you know it doesn't look like much
7TB461N87-o-01416-00438614-00438881 but but if you listen to electronic or
7TB461N87-o-01417-00438882-00439087 especially computer music of the last
7TB461N87-o-01418-00439088-00439360 especially actually the period 60s
7TB461N87-o-01419-00439362-00439628 through 90s this is going to suffuse
7TB461N87-o-01420-00439629-00439775 everything because people got very
7TB461N87-o-01421-00439776-00439960 excited about being a living in harmonic
7TB461N87-o-01422-00439962-00440135 spectra having been imprisoned largely
7TB461N87-o-01423-00440135-00440335 to harmonic spectra plus an occasional
7TB461N87-o-01424-00440337-00440681 bell for most of the history of music so
7TB461N87-o-01425-00440682-00440957 people thought very people make music
7TB461N87-o-01426-00440958-00441125 theory kinds of thoughts about how these
7TB461N87-o-01427-00441126-00441299 in harmonic spectra could mix and
7TB461N87-o-01428-00441300-00441503 whether they could be you know consonant
7TB461N87-o-01429-00441504-00441671 or different intervals between sounds
7TB461N87-o-01430-00441672-00441866 that didn't have pitches but had just
7TB461N87-o-01431-00441867-00442360 spectra like this and so that's a that's
7TB461N87-o-01432-00442362-00442672 a rich sort of a rich source of musical
7TB461N87-o-01433-00442674-00442843 inspiration that was brought on by the
7TB461N87-o-01434-00442845-00443066 electronic and the computer music here
7TB461N87-o-01435-00443067-00443447 is so this is this is the sort of
7TB461N87-o-01436-00443447-00443572 general direction that we would go in
7TB461N87-o-01437-00443574-00443804 now having haven't seen that multiple
7TB461N87-o-01438-00443805-00444035 voice thing the abstraction mechanism
7TB461N87-o-01439-00444035-00444253 the next thing is learning how to design
7TB461N87-o-01440-00444254-00444460 sounds using the techniques of
7TB461N87-o-01441-00444462-00444668 modulation and wave shaping which are
7TB461N87-o-01442-00444668-00444917 represented here by this multiplier in
7TB461N87-o-01443-00444918-00445166 this clip
7dAjGftSmfy-00000-00000052-00000417 Abu Abdallah Mohammed be avid Allah be
7dAjGftSmfy-00001-00000418-00000807 Messara be Nagi all Jubilee Arabic AB BD
7dAjGftSmfy-00002-00000808-00001248 all mah mb b NB d all b NM s art BN n JY
7dAjGftSmfy-00003-00001249-00001718 algebra 883 - 931 was an n delusi muslim
7dAjGftSmfy-00004-00001719-00002004 ascetic and scholar he is considered one
7dAjGftSmfy-00005-00002005-00002175 of the first suffice as well as one of
7dAjGftSmfy-00006-00002176-00002505 the first philosophers of al-andalus he
7dAjGftSmfy-00007-00002506-00002942 is believed to be a Malati
7dAjGftSmfy-00008-00002943-00003604 topic references say lead Hossein Nasr
7dAjGftSmfy-00009-00003605-00003836 Oliver Lehman history of Islamic
7dAjGftSmfy-00010-00003836-00004186 philosophy route alleged 1996 chapter 20
7dAjGftSmfy-00011-00004187-00004685 P 277 - 293 1 retrieved on the 23rd of
7dAjGftSmfy-00012-00004686-00005207 July 2010 hacen Palacios M 1972 the
7dAjGftSmfy-00013-00005208-00005425 mystical philosophy of eben Messara and
7dAjGftSmfy-00014-00005426-00005807 his followers trans eh Douglas and HW
7dAjGftSmfy-00015-00005808-00006224 Yoder Leiden Brill Katharina a Rossi
7dAjGftSmfy-00016-00006225-00006595 ultra no eben massara DeCordova 883 -
7dAjGftSmfy-00017-00006597-00006898 931 L prota philosophy our abode
7dAjGftSmfy-00018-00006900-00007356 Andalusia 2012 mauro editor chopra RM
7dAjGftSmfy-00019-00007358-00007756 Sufism 2016 anuradha precaution new
7dAjGftSmfy-00020-00007758-00008084 delhi ISBN nine seven eight nine three
7dAjGftSmfy-00021-00008084-00008317 eight five zero eight three five two
7dAjGftSmfy-00022-00008318-00008675 five
7dAjGftSmfy-00023-00008676-00009205 topic external links
7dAjGftSmfy-00024-00009206-00009721 eben Messara at Muslim philosophy calm
7hjq8rGzQm0-00000-00000035-00001491 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00001-00001492-00001814 b
7hjq8rGzQm0-00002-00001816-00004162 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00003-00004163-00005782 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00004-00005783-00006848 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00005-00006848-00008449 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00006-00008450-00009883 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00007-00009884-00010582 do
7hjq8rGzQm0-00008-00010583-00011649 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00010-00014850-00015915 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00011-00015916-00016883 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00012-00016884-00018283 hey
7hjq8rGzQm0-00013-00018284-00019311 okay
7hjq8rGzQm0-00014-00019312-00020943 thank you
7hjq8rGzQm0-00015-00020944-00022483 you're gonna be
7hjq8rGzQm0-00016-00022484-00023883 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00017-00023884-00024920 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00018-00024921-00025283 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00019-00025284-00025430 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00020-00025431-00026520 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00021-00026522-00028654 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00022-00028655-00029720 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00024-00032921-00033987 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00025-00033988-00036483 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00026-00036484-00037883 ghost
7hjq8rGzQm0-00027-00037884-00039283 oh
7hjq8rGzQm0-00028-00039284-00040683 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00029-00040684-00043483 welcome
7hjq8rGzQm0-00030-00043484-00046173 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00031-00046174-00047683 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00032-00047684-00048873 from
7hjq8rGzQm0-00034-00051883-00053282 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00035-00053283-00055030 okay
7hjq8rGzQm0-00036-00055032-00056082 [Laughter]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00037-00056083-00057215 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00038-00057216-00058882 what's happening
7hjq8rGzQm0-00039-00058883-00060282 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00040-00060283-00061682 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00041-00061683-00062733 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00042-00062734-00065557 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00043-00065558-00065882 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00044-00065883-00068682 yes
7hjq8rGzQm0-00045-00068683-00070082 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00046-00070083-00070500 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00047-00070501-00071482 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00048-00071483-00072882 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00049-00072883-00073279 ah
7hjq8rGzQm0-00050-00073280-00074964 it's not
7hjq8rGzQm0-00053-00081283-00082761 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00054-00082762-00084066 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00055-00084067-00085745 [Laughter]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00056-00085746-00086882 [Laughter]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00057-00086883-00088282 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00058-00088283-00089682 okay
7hjq8rGzQm0-00059-00089683-00089896 huh
7hjq8rGzQm0-00060-00089897-00090476 [Applause]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00061-00090477-00092482 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00062-00092483-00094433 oh
7hjq8rGzQm0-00064-00099483-00101218 oh is
7hjq8rGzQm0-00065-00101219-00101906 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00066-00101907-00102282 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00067-00102283-00102463 me
7hjq8rGzQm0-00068-00102464-00103682 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00069-00103683-00103819 do
7hjq8rGzQm0-00070-00103820-00105106 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00071-00105107-00106483 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00072-00106483-00109283 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00073-00109283-00109953 oh
7hjq8rGzQm0-00074-00109954-00110683 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00075-00110683-00110783 okay
7hjq8rGzQm0-00076-00110783-00112083 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00077-00112083-00113483 do
7hjq8rGzQm0-00079-00119083-00119500 foreign
7hjq8rGzQm0-00080-00119501-00120483 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00081-00120483-00121883 is
7hjq8rGzQm0-00082-00121883-00123058 jewish
7hjq8rGzQm0-00083-00123058-00124125 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00084-00124126-00124683 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00085-00124683-00125177 so
7hjq8rGzQm0-00086-00125178-00126083 [Applause]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00087-00126083-00127483 so
7hjq8rGzQm0-00088-00127483-00128841 uh
7hjq8rGzQm0-00089-00128842-00129158 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00090-00129159-00130758 [Applause]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00091-00130759-00132777 my life
7hjq8rGzQm0-00092-00132778-00134483 [Music]
7hjq8rGzQm0-00093-00134484-00134721 um
7hjq8rGzQm0-00094-00134722-00135011 [Music]
7k5MMto1CFk-00000-00000068-00000482 biopunk a portmanteau of biotechnology
7k5MMto1CFk-00001-00000483-00001073 or biology and punk is a sub-genre of
7k5MMto1CFk-00002-00001074-00001283 science fiction that focuses on
7k5MMto1CFk-00003-00001284-00001556 biotechnology it is derived from
7k5MMto1CFk-00004-00001557-00001768 cyberpunk but focuses on the
7k5MMto1CFk-00005-00001769-00002017 implications of biotechnology rather
7k5MMto1CFk-00006-00002018-00002396 than information technology bio Punk is
7k5MMto1CFk-00007-00002397-00002692 concerned with synthetic biology it is
7k5MMto1CFk-00008-00002693-00002926 derived of cyberpunk involving bio
7k5MMto1CFk-00009-00002927-00003211 hackers biotech mega corporations and
7k5MMto1CFk-00010-00003213-00003431 oppressive government agencies that
7k5MMto1CFk-00011-00003432-00003836 manipulate human DNA most often keeping
7k5MMto1CFk-00012-00003836-00004034 with the dark atmosphere of cyberpunk
7k5MMto1CFk-00013-00004035-00004328 biopunk generally examines the dark side
7k5MMto1CFk-00014-00004329-00004556 of genetic engineering and represents
7k5MMto1CFk-00015-00004557-00005268 the low side of biotechnology
7k5MMto1CFk-00016-00005269-00005977 topic description biopunk is a sub-genre
7k5MMto1CFk-00017-00005978-00006241 of science-fiction closely related to
7k5MMto1CFk-00018-00006242-00006466 cyberpunk that focuses on the near
7k5MMto1CFk-00019-00006467-00006538 future
7k5MMto1CFk-00020-00006539-00006766 most often unintended consequences of
7k5MMto1CFk-00021-00006767-00007039 the biotechnology revolution following
7k5MMto1CFk-00022-00007040-00007429 the discovery of recombinant DNA biopunk
7k5MMto1CFk-00023-00007430-00007623 stories explore the struggles of
7k5MMto1CFk-00024-00007625-00007861 individuals or groups often the product
7k5MMto1CFk-00025-00007862-00008116 of human experimentation against a
7k5MMto1CFk-00026-00008117-00008319 typically dystopian backdrop of
7k5MMto1CFk-00027-00008320-00008515 totalitarian governments and mega
7k5MMto1CFk-00028-00008516-00008710 corporations which misuse bio
7k5MMto1CFk-00029-00008711-00008956 technologies as means of social control
7k5MMto1CFk-00030-00008957-00009321 and profiteering unlike cyberpunk it
7k5MMto1CFk-00031-00009322-00009589 builds not on information technology but
7k5MMto1CFk-00032-00009590-00009952 on synthetic biology like in post Khyber
7k5MMto1CFk-00033-00009953-00010210 punk fiction individuals are usually
7k5MMto1CFk-00034-00010211-00010423 modified and enhanced not with cyber
7k5MMto1CFk-00035-00010424-00010719 wear but by genetic manipulation a
7k5MMto1CFk-00036-00010720-00011035 common feature of biopunk fiction is the
7k5MMto1CFk-00037-00011036-00011332 black clinic which is a laboratory
7k5MMto1CFk-00038-00011333-00011635 clinic or hospital that performs illegal
7k5MMto1CFk-00039-00011636-00011874 unregulated or ethically dubious
7k5MMto1CFk-00040-00011875-00012133 biological modification and genetic
7k5MMto1CFk-00041-00012134-00012460 engineering procedures many features of
7k5MMto1CFk-00042-00012461-00012685 biopunk fiction have their roots in
7k5MMto1CFk-00043-00012686-00012931 William Gibson's Neuromancer one of the
7k5MMto1CFk-00044-00012932-00013144 first cyberpunk novels one of the
7k5MMto1CFk-00045-00013144-00013363 prominent writers in this field is Paul
7k5MMto1CFk-00046-00013363-00013569 dye filippo though he called his
7k5MMto1CFk-00047-00013570-00013819 collection of such stories ribose a
7k5MMto1CFk-00048-00013819-00014422 blend of ribosome and funk in RI Bo fu
7k5MMto1CFk-00049-00014422-00014896 NK the manifesto by filippo wrote why
7k5MMto1CFk-00050-00014897-00015163 Reiber cybernetics was a dead science
7k5MMto1CFk-00051-00015163-00015450 when cyberpunk SF was born a cul-de-sac
7k5MMto1CFk-00052-00015451-00015811 without living practitioners furthermore
7k5MMto1CFk-00053-00015812-00016171 the cyber prefix has been irreparable
7k5MMto1CFk-00054-00016172-00016477 EDA based by overuse in vehicles ranging
7k5MMto1CFk-00055-00016478-00016825 from comic books to bad movies the tag
7k5MMto1CFk-00056-00016826-00017017 now stands for nothing in the public
7k5MMto1CFk-00057-00017018-00017269 mind but computer hacking and fanciful
7k5MMto1CFk-00058-00017270-00017641 cyborgs such as Robocop and wieners
7k5MMto1CFk-00059-00017642-00017842 actual texts do not provide enough
7k5MMto1CFk-00060-00017843-00018088 fruitful metaphors for constructing a
7k5MMto1CFk-00061-00018089-00018358 systematic worldview why funk punk was a
7k5MMto1CFk-00062-00018359-00018541 dead music when cyber
7k5MMto1CFk-00063-00018542-00018832 SF was born a cul-de-sac albeit with
7k5MMto1CFk-00064-00018833-00019036 living practitioners who just hadn't
7k5MMto1CFk-00065-00019037-00019165 gotten the message yet
7k5MMto1CFk-00066-00019166-00019453 the music's nihilistic chiliastic
7k5MMto1CFk-00067-00019454-00019711 worldview had already culminated in it's
7k5MMto1CFk-00068-00019712-00019987 only possible end self extinction what
7k5MMto1CFk-00069-00019988-00020284 is ribose and then ribose Bakula t'v
7k5MMto1CFk-00070-00020285-00020515 fiction which acknowledges is informed
7k5MMto1CFk-00071-00020516-00020710 by and illustrates the tenets that the
7k5MMto1CFk-00072-00020711-00020932 next revolution the only one that really
7k5MMto1CFk-00073-00020933-00021197 matters will be in the field of biology
7k5MMto1CFk-00074-00021198-00021535 to paraphrase pope ribose and called x'
7k5MMto1CFk-00075-00021536-00021891 that the proper study of mankind is life
7k5MMto1CFk-00076-00021892-00022168 forget physics and chemistry they are
7k5MMto1CFk-00077-00022169-00022437 our only tools to probe living matter
7k5MMto1CFk-00078-00022438-00022771 computers merely simulators and modelers
7k5MMto1CFk-00079-00022772-00023233 for life the cell is King die Filippo
7k5MMto1CFk-00080-00023234-00023469 suggests that precursors of biopunk
7k5MMto1CFk-00081-00023470-00023746 fiction include hg wells the island of
7k5MMto1CFk-00082-00023747-00024000 dr. Moreau Julian Huxley 's the tissue
7k5MMto1CFk-00083-00024001-00024268 culture King some of David H Keller's
7k5MMto1CFk-00084-00024269-00024528 stories daemon Knights natural state and
7k5MMto1CFk-00085-00024529-00024799 other stories Frederik Pohl and Cyril M
7k5MMto1CFk-00086-00024800-00025105 Kornbluth gravy planet novels of TJ bass
7k5MMto1CFk-00087-00025106-00025390 and John Varley Greg bears blood music
7k5MMto1CFk-00088-00025391-00025689 and Bruce Sterling's keys matrix the
7k5MMto1CFk-00089-00025691-00025942 stories of cordwainer Smith including
7k5MMto1CFk-00090-00025943-00026245 his first and most famous scanners live
7k5MMto1CFk-00091-00026245-00026712 in vain also foreshadow biopunk themes
7k5MMto1CFk-00092-00026713-00027139 equals equals see also
7kZuSt7GxyA-00000-00000104-00000366 an acid is a molecule or ion capable of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00001-00000367-00000638 donating a hydron proton or hydrogen ion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00002-00000639-00000878 h plus or alternatively capable of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00003-00000880-00001095 forming a covalent bond with an electron
7kZuSt7GxyA-00004-00001096-00001350 pair a lewis acid the first category of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00005-00001351-00001582 acids is the proton donors or bronsted
7kZuSt7GxyA-00006-00001583-00001695 acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00007-00001696-00001934 in the special case of aqueous solutions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00008-00001935-00002231 proton donors form the hydronium ion h3o
7kZuSt7GxyA-00009-00002232-00002502 plus and are known as arrhenius acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00010-00002503-00002710 braunstead and lowry generalized the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00011-00002711-00002934 arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous
7kZuSt7GxyA-00012-00002935-00003055 solvents
7kZuSt7GxyA-00013-00003056-00003303 a bronsted or arrhenius acid usually
7kZuSt7GxyA-00014-00003304-00003511 contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00015-00003511-00003663 chemical structure that is still
7kZuSt7GxyA-00016-00003664-00003863 energetically favorable after loss of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00017-00003864-00004022 h-plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00018-00004023-00004199 aqueous arrhenius acids have
7kZuSt7GxyA-00019-00004200-00004406 characteristic properties which provide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00020-00004407-00004654 a practical description of an acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00021-00004655-00004902 acids form aqueous solutions with a sour
7kZuSt7GxyA-00022-00004903-00005143 taste can turn blue litmus red and react
7kZuSt7GxyA-00023-00005144-00005318 with bases and certain metals like
7kZuSt7GxyA-00024-00005319-00005535 calcium to form salts
7kZuSt7GxyA-00025-00005536-00005751 the word acid is derived from the latin
7kZuSt7GxyA-00026-00005752-00005999 acidos a sere meaning sour
7kZuSt7GxyA-00027-00006000-00006263 an aqueous solution of an acid has a ph
7kZuSt7GxyA-00028-00006264-00006486 less than 7 and is colloquially also
7kZuSt7GxyA-00029-00006487-00006710 referred to as acid as in dissolved in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00030-00006711-00006927 acid while the strict definition refers
7kZuSt7GxyA-00031-00006928-00007095 only to the solute
7kZuSt7GxyA-00032-00007095-00007327 a lower ph means a higher acidity and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00033-00007328-00007542 thus a higher concentration of positive
7kZuSt7GxyA-00034-00007543-00007783 hydrogen ions in the solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00035-00007784-00007967 chemicals or substances having the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00036-00007968-00008134 property of an acid are said to be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00037-00008136-00008278 acidic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00038-00008279-00008463 common aqueous acids include
7kZuSt7GxyA-00039-00008464-00008719 hydrochloric acid a solution of hydrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00040-00008720-00008942 chloride which is found in gastric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00041-00008943-00009142 in the stomach and activates digestive
7kZuSt7GxyA-00042-00009143-00009431 enzymes acetic acid vinegar is a dilute
7kZuSt7GxyA-00043-00009432-00009678 aqueous solution of this liquid sulfuric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00044-00009679-00009919 acid used in car batteries and citric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00045-00009920-00010142 acid found in citrus fruits
7kZuSt7GxyA-00046-00010143-00010367 as these examples show acids in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00047-00010368-00010583 colloquial sense can be solutions or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00048-00010584-00010791 pure substances and can be derived from
7kZuSt7GxyA-00049-00010792-00010974 acids in the strict sense that are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00050-00010975-00011238 solids liquids or gases
7kZuSt7GxyA-00051-00011239-00011463 strong acids and some concentrated weak
7kZuSt7GxyA-00052-00011464-00011631 acids are corrosive but there are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00053-00011632-00011855 exceptions such as carboranes and boric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00054-00011856-00011991 acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00055-00011992-00012223 the second category of acids are lewis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00056-00012224-00012446 acids which form a covalent bond with an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00057-00012447-00012599 electron pair
7kZuSt7GxyA-00058-00012600-00012894 an example is boron trifluoride bf3
7kZuSt7GxyA-00059-00012895-00013119 whose boron atom has a vacant orbital
7kZuSt7GxyA-00060-00013119-00013303 which can form a covalent bond by
7kZuSt7GxyA-00061-00013304-00013511 sharing a lone pair of electrons on an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00062-00013512-00013735 atom in a base for example the nitrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00063-00013736-00013991 atom in ammonia nh3
7kZuSt7GxyA-00064-00013991-00014135 lewis considered this as a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00065-00014136-00014311 generalization of the bronsted
7kZuSt7GxyA-00066-00014312-00014535 definition so that an acid is a chemical
7kZuSt7GxyA-00067-00014536-00014751 species that accepts electron pairs
7kZuSt7GxyA-00068-00014752-00014991 either directly or by releasing protons
7kZuSt7GxyA-00069-00014991-00015199 h-plus into the solution which then
7kZuSt7GxyA-00070-00015200-00015407 accept electron pairs
7kZuSt7GxyA-00071-00015408-00015671 however hydrogen chloride acetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00072-00015672-00015886 and most other bronsted-lowry acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00073-00015887-00016079 cannot form a covalent bond with an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00074-00016080-00016255 electron pair and are therefore not
7kZuSt7GxyA-00075-00016256-00016415 lewis acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00076-00016416-00016639 conversely many lewis acids are not
7kZuSt7GxyA-00077-00016640-00016935 arrhenius or bronsted-lowry acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00078-00016936-00017150 in modern terminology an acid is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00079-00017151-00017367 implicitly a bronze stead acid and not a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00080-00017368-00017599 lewis acid since chemists almost always
7kZuSt7GxyA-00081-00017600-00017830 refer to a lewis acid explicitly as a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00082-00017831-00018535 lewis acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00083-00018536-00019079 definitions and concepts
7kZuSt7GxyA-00084-00019080-00019255 modern definitions are concerned with
7kZuSt7GxyA-00085-00019256-00019439 the fundamental chemical reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00086-00019440-00019663 common to all acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00087-00019664-00019886 most acids encountered in everyday life
7kZuSt7GxyA-00088-00019887-00020055 are aqueous solutions or can be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00089-00020056-00020263 dissolved in water so the irenius and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00090-00020264-00020478 bronsted-lowry definitions are the most
7kZuSt7GxyA-00091-00020479-00020614 relevant
7kZuSt7GxyA-00092-00020615-00020822 the bronsted-lowry definition is the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00093-00020823-00021030 most widely used definition unless
7kZuSt7GxyA-00094-00021031-00021278 otherwise specified acid-base reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00095-00021279-00021471 are assumed to involve the transfer of a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00096-00021472-00021822 proton h-plus from an acid to a base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00097-00021823-00022039 hydronium ions are acids according to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00098-00022040-00022294 all three definitions although alcohols
7kZuSt7GxyA-00099-00022295-00022527 and amines can be bronsted-lowry acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00100-00022528-00022735 they can also function as lewis bases
7kZuSt7GxyA-00101-00022736-00022927 due to the lone pairs of electrons on
7kZuSt7GxyA-00102-00022928-00023622 their oxygen and nitrogen atoms
7kZuSt7GxyA-00103-00023623-00024158 topic arrhenius acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00104-00024159-00024383 the swedish chemist svonte arrenius
7kZuSt7GxyA-00105-00024384-00024591 attributed the properties of acidity to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00106-00024592-00025014 hydrogen ions h plus or protons in 1884.
7kZuSt7GxyA-00107-00025015-00025230 an arrhenius acid is a substance that
7kZuSt7GxyA-00108-00025231-00025407 when added to water increases the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00109-00025408-00025614 concentration of h plus ions in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00110-00025616-00025727 water
7kZuSt7GxyA-00111-00025727-00025999 note that chemists often write h plus aq
7kZuSt7GxyA-00112-00026000-00026190 and refer to the hydrogen ion when
7kZuSt7GxyA-00113-00026191-00026414 describing acid-base reactions but the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00114-00026416-00026679 free hydrogen nucleus a proton does not
7kZuSt7GxyA-00115-00026680-00026887 exist alone in water it exists as the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00116-00026888-00027190 hydronium ion h3o plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00117-00027191-00027399 thus an arrhenius acid can also be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00118-00027400-00027607 described as a substance that increases
7kZuSt7GxyA-00119-00027608-00027831 the concentration of hydronium ions when
7kZuSt7GxyA-00120-00027832-00027983 added to water
7kZuSt7GxyA-00121-00027983-00028207 examples include molecular substances
7kZuSt7GxyA-00122-00028208-00028511 such as hcl and acetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00123-00028512-00028743 an arrhenius base on the other hand is a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00124-00028744-00028887 substance which increases the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00125-00028888-00029158 concentration of hydroxide o minus ions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00126-00029160-00029351 when dissolved in water
7kZuSt7GxyA-00127-00029352-00029535 this decreases the concentration of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00128-00029536-00029774 hydronium because the ions react to form
7kZuSt7GxyA-00129-00029775-00030014 h2o molecules
7kZuSt7GxyA-00130-00030016-00030379 h3o plus aq plus o minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00131-00030380-00030790 aqh2ol plus h2ol due to this equilibrium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00132-00030791-00030967 any increase in the concentration of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00133-00030968-00031183 hydronium is accompanied by a decrease
7kZuSt7GxyA-00134-00031183-00031431 in the concentration of hydroxide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00135-00031432-00031639 thus an arrhenius acid could also be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00136-00031639-00031855 said to be one that decreases hydroxide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00137-00031856-00032046 concentration while an arrhenius base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00138-00032047-00032214 increases it
7kZuSt7GxyA-00139-00032216-00032439 in an acidic solution the concentration
7kZuSt7GxyA-00140-00032439-00032711 of hydronium ions is greater than 10-7
7kZuSt7GxyA-00141-00032712-00032879 moles per liter
7kZuSt7GxyA-00142-00032880-00033087 since ph is defined as the negative
7kZuSt7GxyA-00143-00033088-00033255 logarithm of the concentration of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00144-00033256-00033502 hydronium ions acidic solutions thus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00145-00033503-00034190 have a ph of less than 7.
7kZuSt7GxyA-00146-00034191-00034783 topic bronsted-lowry acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00147-00034784-00034983 while the arrhenius concept is useful
7kZuSt7GxyA-00148-00034984-00035223 for describing many reactions it is also
7kZuSt7GxyA-00149-00035224-00035423 quite limited in its scope
7kZuSt7GxyA-00150-00035424-00035718 in 1923 chemists johannes nicolaus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00151-00035719-00035918 braunstead and thomas martin lowry
7kZuSt7GxyA-00152-00035919-00036151 independently recognized that acid-base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00153-00036152-00036327 reactions involve the transfer of a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00154-00036328-00036446 proton
7kZuSt7GxyA-00155-00036447-00036671 a bronsted-lowry acid or simply
7kZuSt7GxyA-00156-00036672-00036911 bronstead acid is a species that donates
7kZuSt7GxyA-00157-00036912-00037211 a proton to a bronsted-lowry base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00158-00037212-00037446 bronsted-lowry acid-base theory has
7kZuSt7GxyA-00159-00037447-00037711 several advantages over arrhenius theory
7kZuSt7GxyA-00160-00037712-00037895 consider the following reactions of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00161-00037896-00038207 acetic acid ch3cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00162-00038208-00038423 the organic acid that gives vinegar its
7kZuSt7GxyA-00163-00038424-00038746 characteristic taste
7kZuSt7GxyA-00164-00038747-00039327 ch3cooh plus h2och 3coo minus plus h3o
7kZuSt7GxyA-00165-00039328-00039571 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00166-00039572-00039890 ch3cooh plus nh3ch
7kZuSt7GxyA-00167-00039891-00040302 3coo minus plus nh plus 4 both theories
7kZuSt7GxyA-00168-00040303-00040595 easily described the first reaction
7kZuSt7GxyA-00169-00040596-00040862 ch3cooh acts as an arrhenius acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00170-00040863-00041127 because it acts as a source of h3o plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00171-00041128-00041327 when dissolved in water and it acts as a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00172-00041328-00041558 bronsted acid by donating a proton to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00173-00041559-00041671 water
7kZuSt7GxyA-00174-00041672-00041999 in the second example ch3cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00175-00042000-00042199 undergoes the same transformation in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00176-00042200-00042430 this case donating a proton to ammonia
7kZuSt7GxyA-00177-00042431-00042671 nh3 but does not relate to the arrhenius
7kZuSt7GxyA-00178-00042672-00042839 definition of an acid because the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00179-00042840-00043095 reaction does not produce hydronium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00180-00043096-00043258 nevertheless
7kZuSt7GxyA-00181-00043259-00043495 ch3cooh is both an arrhenius and a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00182-00043496-00043739 bronsted-lowry acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00183-00043740-00043943 bronsted-lowry theory can be used to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00184-00043944-00044127 describe reactions of molecular
7kZuSt7GxyA-00185-00044128-00044351 compounds in non-aqueous solution or the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00186-00044352-00044487 gas phase
7kZuSt7GxyA-00187-00044488-00044751 hydrogen chloride hcl and ammonia
7kZuSt7GxyA-00188-00044752-00044895 combine under several different
7kZuSt7GxyA-00189-00044896-00045095 conditions to form ammonium chloride
7kZuSt7GxyA-00190-00045096-00045271 ammonium chloride
7kZuSt7GxyA-00191-00045272-00045511 in aqueous solution hcl behaves as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00192-00045512-00045702 hydrochloric acid and exists as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00193-00045703-00045943 hydronium and chloride ions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00194-00045944-00046135 the following reactions illustrate the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00195-00046136-00046446 limitations of erenius's definition
7kZuSt7GxyA-00196-00046447-00046983 h3o plus aq plus cl minus aq plus nh3cl
7kZuSt7GxyA-00197-00046984-00047535 minus aq plus nh plus 4 aq plus h2o
7kZuSt7GxyA-00198-00047536-00048095 hcl benzene plus nh3 benzene nh4cls
7kZuSt7GxyA-00199-00048096-00048558 hcl g plus nh3 g ammonium chloride s as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00200-00048559-00048774 with the acetic acid reactions both
7kZuSt7GxyA-00201-00048775-00048990 definitions work for the first example
7kZuSt7GxyA-00202-00048991-00049190 where water is the solvent and hydronium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00203-00049191-00049486 ion is formed by the hcl solute
7kZuSt7GxyA-00204-00049487-00049695 the next two reactions do not involve
7kZuSt7GxyA-00205-00049696-00049886 the formation of ions but are still
7kZuSt7GxyA-00206-00049887-00050118 proton transfer reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00207-00050119-00050335 in the second reaction hydrogen chloride
7kZuSt7GxyA-00208-00050336-00050558 and ammonia dissolved in benzene react
7kZuSt7GxyA-00209-00050559-00050767 to form solid ammonium chloride in a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00210-00050768-00050974 benzene solvent and in the third gaseous
7kZuSt7GxyA-00211-00050975-00051775 hcl and nh3 combine to form the solid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00212-00051776-00052302 topic lewis acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00213-00052303-00052550 a third only marginally related concept
7kZuSt7GxyA-00214-00052551-00052879 was proposed in 1923 by gilbert n lewis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00215-00052879-00053094 which includes reactions with acid-base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00216-00053095-00053279 characteristics that do not involve a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00217-00053279-00053447 proton transfer
7kZuSt7GxyA-00218-00053448-00053694 a lewis acid is a species that accepts a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00219-00053695-00053919 pair of electrons from another species
7kZuSt7GxyA-00220-00053920-00054119 in other words it is an electron pair
7kZuSt7GxyA-00221-00054120-00054275 acceptor
7kZuSt7GxyA-00222-00054276-00054519 bronsted-acid-base reactions are proton
7kZuSt7GxyA-00223-00054520-00054750 transfer reactions while lewis acid base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00224-00054751-00055047 reactions are electron pair transfers
7kZuSt7GxyA-00225-00055048-00055303 many lewis acids are not bronsted-lowry
7kZuSt7GxyA-00226-00055304-00055519 acids contrast how the following
7kZuSt7GxyA-00227-00055520-00055711 reactions are described in terms of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00228-00055712-00055926 acid-base chemistry
7kZuSt7GxyA-00229-00055927-00056159 in the first reaction a fluoride ion f
7kZuSt7GxyA-00230-00056160-00056407 minus gives up an electron pair to boron
7kZuSt7GxyA-00231-00056408-00056550 trifluoride to form the product
7kZuSt7GxyA-00232-00056551-00056726 tetrafluoroborate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00233-00056727-00056935 fluoride loses
7kZuSt7GxyA-00234-00056936-00057142 a pair of valence electrons because the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00235-00057144-00057335 electrons shared in the b
7kZuSt7GxyA-00236-00057336-00057526 f-bond are located in the region of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00237-00057527-00057766 space between the two atomic nuclei and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00238-00057767-00057903 are therefore more distant from the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00239-00057904-00058071 fluoride nucleus than they are in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00240-00058072-00058254 lone fluoride ion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00241-00058255-00058519 bf3 is a lewis acid because it accepts
7kZuSt7GxyA-00242-00058520-00058759 the electron pair from fluoride
7kZuSt7GxyA-00243-00058760-00058959 this reaction cannot be described in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00244-00058960-00059159 terms of bronsted theory because there
7kZuSt7GxyA-00245-00059160-00059366 is no proton transfer
7kZuSt7GxyA-00246-00059367-00059559 the second reaction can be described
7kZuSt7GxyA-00247-00059560-00059782 using either theory a proton is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00248-00059783-00060023 transferred from an unspecified bronsted
7kZuSt7GxyA-00249-00060024-00060247 acid to ammonia a bronsted base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00250-00060248-00060471 alternatively ammonia acts as a lewis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00251-00060472-00060654 base and transfers a lone pair of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00252-00060655-00060879 electrons to form a bond with a hydrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00253-00060879-00060975 ion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00254-00060976-00061199 the species that gains the electron pair
7kZuSt7GxyA-00255-00061200-00061447 is the lewis acid for example the oxygen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00256-00061448-00061687 atom in h3o plus gains a pair of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00257-00061688-00061959 electrons when one of the h o bonds is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00258-00061960-00062142 broken and the electrons shared in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00259-00062144-00062406 bond become localized on oxygen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00260-00062407-00062638 depending on the context a lewis acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00261-00062639-00062871 may also be described as an oxidizer or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00262-00062872-00063038 an electrophile
7kZuSt7GxyA-00263-00063039-00063319 organic bronsted acids such as acetic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00264-00063320-00063566 citric or oxalic acid are not lewis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00265-00063567-00063687 acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00266-00063688-00063887 they dissociate in water to produce a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00267-00063888-00064159 lewis acid h plus but at the same time
7kZuSt7GxyA-00268-00064160-00064350 also yield an equal amount of a lewis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00269-00064351-00064606 base acetate citrate or oxalate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00270-00064607-00064863 respectively for the acids mentioned
7kZuSt7GxyA-00271-00064864-00065094 few if any of the acids discussed in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00272-00065095-00065791 following are lewis acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00273-00065792-00066423 topic dissociation and equilibrium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00274-00066424-00066655 reactions of acids are often generalized
7kZuSt7GxyA-00275-00066656-00066943 in the form ha h plus plus a minus where
7kZuSt7GxyA-00276-00066944-00067150 ha represents the acid and a minus as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00277-00067151-00067326 the conjugate base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00278-00067327-00067494 this reaction is referred to as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00279-00067495-00067791 protolysis the protonated form ha of an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00280-00067792-00068015 acid is also sometimes referred to as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00281-00068016-00068263 the free acid acid-base conjugate pairs
7kZuSt7GxyA-00282-00068264-00068438 differ by one proton and can be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00283-00068439-00068606 interconverted by the addition or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00284-00068607-00068815 removal of a proton protonation and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00285-00068816-00069055 deprotonation respectively
7kZuSt7GxyA-00286-00069056-00069231 note that the acid can be the charged
7kZuSt7GxyA-00287-00069232-00069423 species and the conjugate base can be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00288-00069424-00069615 neutral in which case the generalized
7kZuSt7GxyA-00289-00069616-00069799 reaction scheme could be written as ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00290-00069800-00070047 plus h plus plus a in solution there
7kZuSt7GxyA-00291-00070048-00070255 exists an equilibrium between the acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00292-00070256-00070438 and its conjugate base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00293-00070439-00070638 the equilibrium constant k is an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00294-00070639-00070791 expression of the equilibrium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00295-00070792-00070982 concentrations of the molecules or the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00296-00070983-00071159 ions in solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00297-00071160-00071391 brackets indicate concentration such
7kZuSt7GxyA-00298-00071392-00071782 that h2o means the concentration of h2o
7kZuSt7GxyA-00299-00071783-00072023 the acid dissociation constant co is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00300-00072024-00072199 generally used in the context of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00301-00072200-00072391 acid-base reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00302-00072392-00072623 the numerical value of ca is equal to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00303-00072624-00072823 the product of the concentrations of the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00304-00072824-00073031 products divided by the concentration of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00305-00073032-00073223 the reactants where the reactant is the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00306-00073224-00073399 acid ha and the products are the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00307-00073400-00073671 conjugate base and h plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00308-00073672-00073799 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00309-00073800-00073943 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00310-00073944-00074103 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00311-00074104-00074231 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00312-00074232-00074367 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00313-00074368-00074479 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00314-00074480-00074623 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00315-00074624-00074743 ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00316-00074744-00075103 displaystyle k underscore uh equals frac
7kZuSt7GxyA-00317-00075104-00075471 ce h plus akaret ce ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00318-00075472-00075662 the stronger of two acids will have a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00319-00075663-00075838 higher cos than the weaker acid the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00320-00075839-00076071 ratio of hydrogen ions to acid will be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00321-00076072-00076247 higher for the stronger acid as the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00322-00076248-00076462 stronger acid has a greater tendency to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00323-00076463-00076631 lose its proton
7kZuSt7GxyA-00324-00076632-00076838 because the range of possible values for
7kZuSt7GxyA-00325-00076839-00077079 kaw spans many orders of magnitude a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00326-00077080-00077335 more manageable constant pka is more
7kZuSt7GxyA-00327-00077336-00077606 frequently used where pka
7kZuSt7GxyA-00328-00077607-00077919 equals minus log 10 ca stronger acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00329-00077920-00078215 have a smaller pka than weaker acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00330-00078216-00078503 experimentally determined pka at 25
7kZuSt7GxyA-00331-00078504-00078735 degrees celsius in aqueous solution are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00332-00078736-00078950 often quoted in textbooks and reference
7kZuSt7GxyA-00333-00078951-00079182 material
7kZuSt7GxyA-00334-00079183-00079719 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00335-00079720-00080359 nomenclature
7kZuSt7GxyA-00336-00080360-00080582 in the classical naming system acids are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00337-00080583-00080806 named according to their anions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00338-00080807-00080999 that ionic suffix is dropped and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00339-00081000-00081223 replaced with a new suffix and sometimes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00340-00081224-00081526 prefix according to the table below
7kZuSt7GxyA-00341-00081527-00081791 for example hcl has chloride as its
7kZuSt7GxyA-00342-00081792-00082023 anion so the id suffix makes it take the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00343-00082024-00082231 form hydrochloric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00344-00082232-00082591 in the iupac naming system aqueous
7kZuSt7GxyA-00345-00082592-00082799 is simply added to the name of the ionic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00346-00082800-00083062 compound thus for hydrogen chloride the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00347-00083063-00083311 iupac name would be aqueous hydrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00348-00083312-00083431 chloride
7kZuSt7GxyA-00349-00083432-00083655 the prefix hydro
7kZuSt7GxyA-00350-00083656-00083862 is added only if the acid is made up of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00351-00083863-00084231 just hydrogen and one other element
7kZuSt7GxyA-00352-00084232-00084831 classical naming system
7kZuSt7GxyA-00353-00084832-00085359 topic acid strength
7kZuSt7GxyA-00354-00085360-00085550 the strength of an acid refers to its
7kZuSt7GxyA-00355-00085551-00085838 ability or tendency to lose a proton
7kZuSt7GxyA-00356-00085839-00086047 a strong acid is one that completely
7kZuSt7GxyA-00357-00086048-00086287 dissociates in water in other words one
7kZuSt7GxyA-00358-00086288-00086503 mole of a strong acid ha dissolves in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00359-00086504-00086735 water yielding one mole of h plus and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00360-00086736-00086967 one mole of the conjugate base a minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00361-00086968-00087215 and none of the protonated acid ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00362-00087216-00087471 in contrast a weak acid only partially
7kZuSt7GxyA-00363-00087472-00087687 dissociates and at equilibrium both the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00364-00087688-00087862 acid and the conjugate base are in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00365-00087863-00087991 solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00366-00087992-00088150 examples of strong acids are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00367-00088151-00088494 hydrochloric acid hcl hydroiotic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00368-00088495-00088799 high hydrobromic acid hbr perchloric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00369-00088800-00089079 acid hydrogen hypochlorite nitric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00370-00089080-00089518 hno3 and sulfuric acid h2so4
7kZuSt7GxyA-00371-00089519-00089687 in water each of these essentially
7kZuSt7GxyA-00372-00089688-00090006 ionizes 100 percent the stronger an acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00373-00090007-00090262 is the more easily it loses a proton h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00374-00090263-00090375 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00375-00090376-00090559 two key factors that contribute to the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00376-00090560-00090750 ease of deprotonation are the polarity
7kZuSt7GxyA-00377-00090751-00091038 of the h a bond and the size of atom a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00378-00091039-00091287 which determines the strength of the h a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00379-00091288-00091391 bond
7kZuSt7GxyA-00380-00091392-00091606 acid strengths are also often discussed
7kZuSt7GxyA-00381-00091607-00091750 in terms of the stability of the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00382-00091751-00091950 conjugate base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00383-00091951-00092175 stronger acids have a larger caw and a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00384-00092176-00092518 more negative pka than weaker acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00385-00092519-00092743 sulfonic acids which are organic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00386-00092744-00093055 oxyacids are a class of strong acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00387-00093056-00093294 a common example is toluene sulfonic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00388-00093295-00093623 acid toxilic acid unlike sulfuric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00389-00093624-00093918 itself sulfonic acids can be solids in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00390-00093919-00094143 fact polystyrene functionalized into
7kZuSt7GxyA-00391-00094144-00094343 polystyrene sulfonate is a solid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00392-00094344-00094518 strongly acidic plastic that is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00393-00094519-00094679 filterable
7kZuSt7GxyA-00394-00094680-00094974 superacids are acids stronger than 100
7kZuSt7GxyA-00395-00094975-00095282 sulfuric acid examples of superacids are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00396-00095283-00095535 fluoroantimonic acid magic acid and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00397-00095536-00095711 perchloric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00398-00095712-00095918 superacids can permanently protonate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00399-00095919-00096087 water to give ionic crystalline
7kZuSt7GxyA-00400-00096088-00096311 hydronium salts
7kZuSt7GxyA-00401-00096312-00096518 they can also quantitatively stabilize
7kZuSt7GxyA-00402-00096519-00096703 carbocations
7kZuSt7GxyA-00403-00096704-00096871 while com measures the strength of an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00404-00096872-00097094 acid compound the strength of an aqueous
7kZuSt7GxyA-00405-00097095-00097350 acid solution is measured by ph which is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00406-00097351-00097535 an indication of the concentration of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00407-00097536-00097735 hydronium in the solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00408-00097736-00097974 the ph of a simple solution of an acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00409-00097975-00098174 compound in water is determined by the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00410-00098175-00098326 dilution of the compound and the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00411-00098327-00098967 compound's ca
7kZuSt7GxyA-00412-00098968-00099991 topic chemical characteristics
7kZuSt7GxyA-00413-00099992-00100487 monoprotic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00414-00100488-00100774 monoprotic acids also known as monobasic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00415-00100775-00100974 acids are those acids that are able to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00416-00100975-00101182 donate one proton per molecule during
7kZuSt7GxyA-00417-00101183-00101423 the process of dissociation sometimes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00418-00101424-00101623 called ionization as shown below
7kZuSt7GxyA-00419-00101624-00101838 symbolized by ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00420-00101839-00102326 ha aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00421-00102327-00102630 minus aq common examples of monoprotic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00422-00102631-00102815 acids in mineral acids include
7kZuSt7GxyA-00423-00102816-00103123 hydrochloric acid hcl and nitric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00424-00103124-00103294 hno3
7kZuSt7GxyA-00425-00103295-00103518 on the other hand for organic acids the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00426-00103519-00103702 term mainly indicates the presence of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00427-00103703-00103951 one carboxylic acid group and sometimes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00428-00103952-00104175 these acids are known as monocarboxylic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00429-00104176-00104286 acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00430-00104288-00104558 examples in organic acids include formic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00431-00104559-00104939 acid hcooh acetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00432-00104940-00105943 ch3cooh and benzoic acid c6h5cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00433-00105944-00106510 topic polyprotic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00434-00106511-00106799 polyprotic acids also known as polybasic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00435-00106800-00106999 acids are able to donate more than one
7kZuSt7GxyA-00436-00107000-00107263 proton per acid molecule in contrast to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00437-00107264-00107495 monoprotic acids that only donate one
7kZuSt7GxyA-00438-00107496-00107686 proton per molecule
7kZuSt7GxyA-00439-00107688-00107934 specific types of polyprotic acids have
7kZuSt7GxyA-00440-00107935-00108190 more specific names such as diprotic or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00441-00108191-00108454 dibasic acid two potential protons to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00442-00108455-00108719 donate and treprotic or tribasic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00443-00108720-00109015 three potential protons to donate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00444-00109016-00109327 a diprotic acid here symbolized by h2a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00445-00109328-00109551 can undergo one or two dissociations
7kZuSt7GxyA-00446-00109552-00109743 depending on the ph
7kZuSt7GxyA-00447-00109744-00109910 each dissociation has its own
7kZuSt7GxyA-00448-00109911-00110331 dissociation constant ca1 and ca2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00449-00110332-00110847 h2aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus hal
7kZuSt7GxyA-00450-00110848-00111102 minus aq ca1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00451-00111103-00111639 ha minus aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00452-00111640-00111975 a2 minus aq ca2 the first dissociation
7kZuSt7GxyA-00453-00111976-00112158 constant is typically greater than the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00454-00112159-00112495 second i.e 1 greater than k2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00455-00112496-00112854 for example sulfuric acid h2so4 can
7kZuSt7GxyA-00456-00112855-00113086 donate 1 proton to form the bisulfate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00457-00113088-00113478 anion hso -4 for which ca1 is very large
7kZuSt7GxyA-00458-00113479-00113671 then it can donate a second proton to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00459-00113672-00114015 form the sulfate anion so2-4 wherein the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00460-00114016-00114247 ca-2 is intermediate strength
7kZuSt7GxyA-00461-00114248-00114495 the large ca-1 for the first association
7kZuSt7GxyA-00462-00114496-00114743 makes sulphuric a strong acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00463-00114744-00114958 in a similar manner the weak unstable
7kZuSt7GxyA-00464-00114959-00115115 carbonic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00465-00115116-00115383 h2co3 can lose one proton to form
7kZuSt7GxyA-00466-00115383-00115702 bicarbonate anion hco minus 3 and lose a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00467-00115703-00116102 second to form carbonate anion co2 -3
7kZuSt7GxyA-00468-00116103-00116334 both co values are small but ca 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00469-00116335-00116551 greater than k2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00470-00116552-00116902 a trapric acid h3a can undergo one two
7kZuSt7GxyA-00471-00116903-00117110 or three dissociations and has three
7kZuSt7GxyA-00472-00117111-00117334 dissociation constants where ka 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00473-00117335-00117683 greater than k2 greater than kaw 3.
7kZuSt7GxyA-00474-00117683-00118263 h3aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus h2a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00475-00118264-00118527 minus aq ca1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00476-00118528-00119086 h2a minus aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00477-00119088-00119439 ha2 minus aq ca2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00478-00119440-00120031 ha2 minus aq plus h2o l h3o plus aq plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00479-00120032-00120375 a3 minus aq ca3 an inorganic example of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00480-00120376-00120675 a troprotic acid is orthophosphoric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00481-00120676-00120975 h3po4 usually just called phosphoric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00482-00120976-00121078 acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00483-00121079-00121302 all three protons can be successively
7kZuSt7GxyA-00484-00121303-00121651 lost to yield h2po -4 then
7kZuSt7GxyA-00485-00121652-00121983 hpo2-4 and finally po3-4 the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00486-00121983-00122231 orthophosphate ion usually just called
7kZuSt7GxyA-00487-00122232-00122366 phosphate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00488-00122367-00122534 even though the positions of the three
7kZuSt7GxyA-00489-00122535-00122766 protons on the original phosphoric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00490-00122767-00122983 molecule are equivalent the successive
7kZuSt7GxyA-00491-00122983-00123143 kaw values differ since it is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00492-00123144-00123343 energetically less favorable to lose a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00493-00123344-00123534 proton if the conjugate base is more
7kZuSt7GxyA-00494-00123535-00123710 negatively charged
7kZuSt7GxyA-00495-00123711-00123983 an organic example of a trotic acid is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00496-00123983-00124214 citric acid which can successively lose
7kZuSt7GxyA-00497-00124215-00124390 three protons to finally form the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00498-00124391-00124566 citrate ion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00499-00124567-00124734 although the subsequent loss of each
7kZuSt7GxyA-00500-00124735-00124966 hydrogen ion is less favorable all of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00501-00124967-00125143 the conjugate bases are present in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00502-00125144-00125263 solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00503-00125264-00125527 the fractional concentration alpha alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00504-00125528-00125783 for each species can be calculated
7kZuSt7GxyA-00505-00125783-00126054 for example a generic diprotic acid will
7kZuSt7GxyA-00506-00126055-00126351 generate three species in solution h2a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00507-00126352-00126607 ha minus and a2 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00508-00126608-00126799 the fractional concentrations can be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00509-00126800-00127014 calculated as below when given either
7kZuSt7GxyA-00510-00127015-00127247 the ph which can be converted to the h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00511-00127248-00127463 plus or the concentrations of the acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00512-00127464-00127719 with all its conjugate bases
7kZuSt7GxyA-00513-00127720-00127871 alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00514-00127872-00128007 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00515-00128008-00128151 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00516-00128152-00128271 of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00517-00128272-00128431 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00518-00128432-00128710 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00519-00128711-00128883 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00520-00128883-00129134 h plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00521-00129135-00129254 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00522-00129255-00129399 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00523-00129400-00129519 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00524-00129520-00129654 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00525-00129655-00129790 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00526-00129791-00129934 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00527-00129935-00130071 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00528-00130072-00130207 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00529-00130208-00130447 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00530-00130448-00130575 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00531-00130576-00130710 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00532-00130711-00130863 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00533-00130864-00130990 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00534-00130991-00131119 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00535-00131120-00131254 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00536-00131255-00131383 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00537-00131384-00131519 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00538-00131520-00131639 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00539-00131640-00131766 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00540-00131767-00131895 ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00541-00131896-00132039 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00542-00132040-00132175 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00543-00132176-00132287 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00544-00132288-00132407 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00545-00132408-00132559 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00546-00132560-00132807 alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00547-00132808-00132927 ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00548-00132928-00133071 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00549-00133072-00133335 equals h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00550-00133336-00133478 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00551-00133479-00133607 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00552-00133608-00133743 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00553-00133744-00133878 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00554-00133879-00134014 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00555-00134015-00134143 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00556-00134144-00134287 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00557-00134288-00134407 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00558-00134408-00134543 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00559-00134544-00134678 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00560-00134679-00134807 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00561-00134808-00134943 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00562-00134944-00135078 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00563-00135079-00135214 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00564-00135215-00135351 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00565-00135352-00135495 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00566-00135496-00135759 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00567-00135760-00135887 ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00568-00135888-00136159 minus h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00569-00136160-00136287 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00570-00136288-00136407 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00571-00136408-00136543 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00572-00136544-00136654 ha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00573-00136655-00136799 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00574-00136800-00136935 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00575-00136936-00137047 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00576-00137048-00137166 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00577-00137167-00137319 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00578-00137320-00137454 alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00579-00137455-00137575 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00580-00137576-00137695 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00581-00137696-00137847 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00582-00137848-00138007 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00583-00138008-00138143 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00584-00138144-00138271 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00585-00138272-00138407 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00586-00138408-00138543 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00587-00138544-00138678 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00588-00138679-00138943 plus 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00589-00138944-00139087 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00590-00139088-00139207 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00591-00139208-00139351 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00592-00139352-00139478 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00593-00139479-00139607 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00594-00139608-00139751 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00595-00139752-00139878 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00596-00139879-00140014 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00597-00140015-00140143 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00598-00140144-00140278 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00599-00140279-00140439 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00600-00140440-00140551 a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00601-00140552-00140678 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00602-00140679-00140839 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00603-00140840-00141175 h 2 a plus haw minus plus a 2 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00604-00141176-00141399 displaystyle begin aligned alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00605-00141400-00141887 underscore ceh2a and equals frac ceh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00606-00141888-00142390 plus carat 2 ce h plus carat 2 plus ce h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00607-00142391-00142687 k underscore 1 plus k underscore 1k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00608-00142688-00143263 underscore 2 equals frac ce h2a ceh2a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00609-00143264-00143526 plus hawk carat plus a carat 2 alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00610-00143527-00143887 underscore ce hawk carat and equals frac
7kZuSt7GxyA-00611-00143888-00144343 ce h k underscore 1 ce h plus carat 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00612-00144344-00144702 plus ce h k underscore 1 plus k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00613-00144703-00145087 underscore 1 k underscore 2 equals frac
7kZuSt7GxyA-00614-00145088-00145471 c e haw carat c e h 2 a plus ha carrot
7kZuSt7GxyA-00615-00145472-00145759 plus a carrot 2 alpha underscore ce
7kZuSt7GxyA-00616-00145760-00146135 akaret 2 and equals frac k underscore 1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00617-00146136-00146575 k underscore 2 ce h plus carat 2 plus ce
7kZuSt7GxyA-00618-00146576-00146647 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00619-00146648-00146951 k underscore 1 plus k underscore 1 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00620-00146952-00147419 underscore 2 equals frac ce a carat 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00621-00147420-00147775 ceh2a plus hawk carat plus a carrot 2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00622-00147776-00147983 end aligned a plot of these fractional
7kZuSt7GxyA-00623-00147984-00148254 concentrations against ph for given k1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00624-00148255-00148551 and k2 is known as abyrum plot
7kZuSt7GxyA-00625-00148552-00148726 a pattern is observed in the above
7kZuSt7GxyA-00626-00148727-00148919 equations and can be expanded to the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00627-00148920-00149111 general enprotic acid that has been
7kZuSt7GxyA-00628-00149112-00149359 deprotonated i times
7kZuSt7GxyA-00629-00149360-00149511 alpha
7kZuSt7GxyA-00630-00149512-00149631 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00631-00149632-00149759 n
7kZuSt7GxyA-00632-00149760-00149895 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00633-00149896-00150151 i a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00634-00150152-00150287 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00635-00150288-00150439 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00636-00150440-00150583 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00637-00150584-00150702 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00638-00150703-00150847 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00639-00150848-00150959 n
7kZuSt7GxyA-00640-00150960-00151102 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00641-00151103-00151231 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00642-00151232-00151375 j
7kZuSt7GxyA-00643-00151376-00151535 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00644-00151536-00151678 0
7kZuSt7GxyA-00645-00151679-00151807 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00646-00151808-00151951 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00647-00151952-00152087 j
7kZuSt7GxyA-00648-00152088-00152214 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00649-00152215-00152375 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00650-00152376-00152519 0
7kZuSt7GxyA-00651-00152520-00152647 n
7kZuSt7GxyA-00652-00152648-00152759 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00653-00152760-00152911 plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00654-00152912-00153039 n
7kZuSt7GxyA-00655-00153040-00153175 minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00656-00153176-00153423 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00657-00153424-00153559 j
7kZuSt7GxyA-00658-00153560-00153711 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00659-00153712-00153847 0
7kZuSt7GxyA-00660-00153848-00153975 i
7kZuSt7GxyA-00661-00153976-00154119 k
7kZuSt7GxyA-00662-00154120-00154254 j
7kZuSt7GxyA-00663-00154255-00154535 displaystyle alpha underscore ceh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00664-00154536-00154926 underscore nia carat i equals ceh plus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00665-00154927-00155214 carrot ni displaystyle prod underscore j
7kZuSt7GxyA-00666-00155215-00155551 equals 0 carrot i k underscore j over
7kZuSt7GxyA-00667-00155552-00155831 displaystyle sum underscore i equals 0
7kZuSt7GxyA-00668-00155832-00156175 carrot n big c e h plus carat ni
7kZuSt7GxyA-00669-00156176-00156478 displaystyle prod underscore j equals 0
7kZuSt7GxyA-00670-00156479-00156807 carrot i k underscore j big
7kZuSt7GxyA-00671-00156808-00157175 where k 0 equals 1 and the other k terms
7kZuSt7GxyA-00672-00157176-00157366 are the dissociation constants for the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00673-00157367-00157583 acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00674-00157584-00158014 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00675-00158015-00158566 topic neutralization
7kZuSt7GxyA-00676-00158567-00158702 equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00677-00158703-00158902 neutralization is the reaction between
7kZuSt7GxyA-00678-00158903-00159126 an acid and a base producing a salt and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00679-00159127-00159311 neutralized base for example
7kZuSt7GxyA-00680-00159312-00159566 hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00681-00159567-00159847 form sodium chloride and water
7kZuSt7GxyA-00682-00159848-00160383 hcl aq plus naoh aq h2o l plus sodium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00683-00160384-00160647 chloride aq neutralization is the basis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00684-00160648-00160895 of titration where a ph indicator shows
7kZuSt7GxyA-00685-00160896-00161063 equivalence point when the equivalent
7kZuSt7GxyA-00686-00161064-00161223 number of moles of a base have been
7kZuSt7GxyA-00687-00161224-00161383 added to an acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00688-00161384-00161551 it is often wrongly assumed that
7kZuSt7GxyA-00689-00161552-00161719 neutralization should result in a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00690-00161720-00162014 solution with ph 7.0 which is only the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00691-00162015-00162190 case with similar acid and base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00692-00162191-00162414 strengths during a reaction
7kZuSt7GxyA-00693-00162415-00162614 neutralization with a base weaker than
7kZuSt7GxyA-00694-00162615-00162919 the acid results in a weakly acidic salt
7kZuSt7GxyA-00695-00162920-00163151 an example is the weakly acidic ammonium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00696-00163152-00163319 chloride which is produced from the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00697-00163320-00163526 strong acid hydrogen chloride and the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00698-00163527-00163702 weak base ammonia
7kZuSt7GxyA-00699-00163703-00163951 conversely neutralizing a weak acid with
7kZuSt7GxyA-00700-00163952-00164199 a strong base gives a weakly basic salt
7kZuSt7GxyA-00701-00164200-00164423 e.g sodium fluoride from hydrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00702-00164424-00165126 fluoride and sodium hydroxide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00703-00165127-00165775 topic weak acid weak base equilibrium
7kZuSt7GxyA-00704-00165776-00166007 in order for a protonated acid to lose a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00705-00166008-00166238 proton the ph of the system must rise
7kZuSt7GxyA-00706-00166239-00166478 above the pka of the acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00707-00166479-00166719 the decreased concentration of h plus in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00708-00166720-00166895 that basic solution shifts the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00709-00166896-00167095 equilibrium towards the conjugate base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00710-00167096-00167383 form the deprotonated form of the acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00711-00167384-00167647 in lower ph more acidic solutions there
7kZuSt7GxyA-00712-00167648-00167878 is a high enough h plus concentration in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00713-00167879-00168071 the solution to cause the acid to remain
7kZuSt7GxyA-00714-00168072-00168302 in its protonated form
7kZuSt7GxyA-00715-00168303-00168502 solutions of weak acids and salts of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00716-00168503-00168687 their conjugate bases form buffer
7kZuSt7GxyA-00717-00168688-00169375 solutions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00718-00169376-00169823 titration
7kZuSt7GxyA-00719-00169824-00170007 to determine the concentration of an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00720-00170008-00170254 acid in an aqueous solution an acid-base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00721-00170255-00170511 titration is commonly performed
7kZuSt7GxyA-00722-00170512-00170695 a strong base solution with a known
7kZuSt7GxyA-00723-00170696-00170999 concentration usually naoh or co is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00724-00171000-00171199 added to neutralize the acid solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00725-00171200-00171343 according to the color change of the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00726-00171344-00171599 indicator with the amount of base added
7kZuSt7GxyA-00727-00171600-00171831 the titration curve of an acid titrated
7kZuSt7GxyA-00728-00171832-00172047 by a base has two axes with the base
7kZuSt7GxyA-00729-00172048-00172271 volume on the x-axis and the solution's
7kZuSt7GxyA-00730-00172272-00172526 ph value on the y-axis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00731-00172527-00172775 the ph of the solution always goes up as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00732-00172776-00173535 the base is added to the solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00733-00173536-00174071 example diprotic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00734-00174072-00174319 for each diprotic acid titration curve
7kZuSt7GxyA-00735-00174320-00174471 from left to right there are two
7kZuSt7GxyA-00736-00174472-00174695 midpoints two equivalence points and two
7kZuSt7GxyA-00737-00174696-00175359 buffer regions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00738-00175360-00175799 equivalence points
7kZuSt7GxyA-00739-00175800-00175990 due to the successive dissociation
7kZuSt7GxyA-00740-00175991-00176183 processes there are two equivalence
7kZuSt7GxyA-00741-00176184-00176351 points in the titration curve of a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00742-00176352-00176519 diprotic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00743-00176520-00176726 the first equivalence point occurs when
7kZuSt7GxyA-00744-00176727-00176926 all first hydrogen ions from the first
7kZuSt7GxyA-00745-00176927-00177135 ionization are titrated
7kZuSt7GxyA-00746-00177136-00177335 in other words the amount of o minus
7kZuSt7GxyA-00747-00177336-00177590 added equals the original amount of h2a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00748-00177591-00177799 at the first equivalence point
7kZuSt7GxyA-00749-00177800-00178007 the second equivalence point occurs when
7kZuSt7GxyA-00750-00178008-00178271 all hydrogen ions are titrated therefore
7kZuSt7GxyA-00751-00178272-00178495 the amount of o minus added equals twice
7kZuSt7GxyA-00752-00178496-00178766 the amount of h2a at this time
7kZuSt7GxyA-00753-00178767-00179007 for a weak diprotic acid titrated by a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00754-00179008-00179223 strong base the second equivalence point
7kZuSt7GxyA-00755-00179224-00179438 must occur at ph above 7 due to the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00756-00179439-00179654 hydrolysis of the resulted salts in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00757-00179655-00179766 solution
7kZuSt7GxyA-00758-00179767-00179951 at either equivalence point adding a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00759-00179952-00180135 drop of base will cause the steepest
7kZuSt7GxyA-00760-00180136-00180823 rise of the ph value in the system
7kZuSt7GxyA-00761-00180824-00181423 topic buffer regions and midpoints
7kZuSt7GxyA-00762-00181424-00181671 a titration curve for a diprotic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00763-00181672-00181919 contains two midpoints where ph equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00764-00181920-00182063 pka
7kZuSt7GxyA-00765-00182064-00182278 since there are two different kaw values
7kZuSt7GxyA-00766-00182279-00182519 the first midpoint occurs at ph equals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00767-00182520-00182799 pka1 and the second one occurs at ph
7kZuSt7GxyA-00768-00182800-00183007 equals pka2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00769-00183008-00183199 each segment of the curve which contains
7kZuSt7GxyA-00770-00183200-00183375 a midpoint at its center is called the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00771-00183376-00183519 buffer region
7kZuSt7GxyA-00772-00183520-00183702 because the buffer regions consist of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00773-00183703-00183919 the acid and its conjugate base it can
7kZuSt7GxyA-00774-00183920-00184159 resist ph changes when base is added
7kZuSt7GxyA-00775-00184160-00184871 until the next equivalent points
7kZuSt7GxyA-00776-00184872-00185478 topic applications of acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00777-00185479-00185743 acids exist universally in our life
7kZuSt7GxyA-00778-00185744-00185950 there are both numerous kinds of natural
7kZuSt7GxyA-00779-00185951-00186199 acid compounds with biological functions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00780-00186200-00186399 and massive synthesized acids which are
7kZuSt7GxyA-00781-00186400-00187102 used in many ways
7kZuSt7GxyA-00782-00187103-00187535 in industry
7kZuSt7GxyA-00783-00187536-00187735 acids are fundamental reagents in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00784-00187736-00187950 treating almost all processes in today's
7kZuSt7GxyA-00785-00187951-00188078 industry
7kZuSt7GxyA-00786-00188079-00188350 sulfuric acid a diprotic acid is the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00787-00188351-00188590 most widely used acid in industry which
7kZuSt7GxyA-00788-00188591-00188783 is also the most produced industrial
7kZuSt7GxyA-00789-00188784-00188959 chemical in the world
7kZuSt7GxyA-00790-00188960-00189126 it is mainly used in producing
7kZuSt7GxyA-00791-00189127-00189399 fertilizer detergent batteries and dyes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00792-00189400-00189583 as well as used in processing many
7kZuSt7GxyA-00793-00189584-00189854 products such like removing impurities
7kZuSt7GxyA-00794-00189855-00190119 according to the statistics data in 2011
7kZuSt7GxyA-00795-00190120-00190343 the annual production of sulfuric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00796-00190344-00190647 was around 200 million tons in the world
7kZuSt7GxyA-00797-00190648-00190871 for example phosphate minerals react
7kZuSt7GxyA-00798-00190872-00191126 with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00799-00191127-00191302 acid for the production of phosphate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00800-00191303-00191502 fertilizers and zinc is produced by
7kZuSt7GxyA-00801-00191503-00191775 dissolving zinc oxide into sulfuric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00802-00191776-00191902 purifying the solution and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00803-00191903-00192071 electrowinning
7kZuSt7GxyA-00804-00192072-00192302 in the chemical industry acids react in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00805-00192303-00192502 neutralization reactions to produce
7kZuSt7GxyA-00806-00192503-00192614 salts
7kZuSt7GxyA-00807-00192615-00192847 for example nitric acid reacts with
7kZuSt7GxyA-00808-00192848-00193071 ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00809-00193072-00193214 fertilizer
7kZuSt7GxyA-00810-00193215-00193438 additionally carboxylic acids can be
7kZuSt7GxyA-00811-00193439-00193647 esterified with alcohols to produce
7kZuSt7GxyA-00812-00193648-00193799 esters
7kZuSt7GxyA-00813-00193800-00194023 acids are often used to remove rust and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00814-00194024-00194231 other corrosion from metals in a process
7kZuSt7GxyA-00815-00194232-00194383 known as pickling
7kZuSt7GxyA-00816-00194384-00194566 they may be used as an electrolyte in a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00817-00194567-00194814 wet cell battery such as sulfuric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00818-00194815-00195511 in a car battery
7kZuSt7GxyA-00819-00195512-00195926 in food
7kZuSt7GxyA-00820-00195927-00196166 tartaric acid is an important component
7kZuSt7GxyA-00821-00196167-00196343 of some commonly used foods like
7kZuSt7GxyA-00822-00196344-00196590 unripened mangoes and tamarind
7kZuSt7GxyA-00823-00196591-00196783 natural fruits and vegetables also
7kZuSt7GxyA-00824-00196784-00197087 contain acids citric acid is present in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00825-00197088-00197375 oranges lemon and other citrus fruits
7kZuSt7GxyA-00826-00197376-00197623 oxalic acid is present in tomatoes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00827-00197624-00197847 spinach and especially in carambola and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00828-00197848-00198038 rhubarb rhubarb leaves and unripe
7kZuSt7GxyA-00829-00198039-00198247 carambolas are toxic because of high
7kZuSt7GxyA-00830-00198248-00198495 concentrations of oxalic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00831-00198496-00198783 ascorbic acid vitamin c is an essential
7kZuSt7GxyA-00832-00198784-00198975 vitamin for the human body and is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00833-00198976-00199190 present in such foods as amla indian
7kZuSt7GxyA-00834-00199191-00199559 gooseberry lemon citrus fruits and guava
7kZuSt7GxyA-00835-00199560-00199790 many acids can be found in various kinds
7kZuSt7GxyA-00836-00199791-00199983 of food as additives as they alter their
7kZuSt7GxyA-00837-00199984-00200214 taste and serve as preservatives
7kZuSt7GxyA-00838-00200215-00200438 phosphoric acid for example is a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00839-00200439-00200654 component of cola drinks
7kZuSt7GxyA-00840-00200655-00200895 acetic acid is used in day-to-day life
7kZuSt7GxyA-00841-00200896-00201150 as vinegar citric acid is used as a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00842-00201151-00201447 preservative in sauces and pickles
7kZuSt7GxyA-00843-00201448-00201671 carbonic acid is one of the most common
7kZuSt7GxyA-00844-00201672-00201887 acid additive that is widely added in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00845-00201888-00202150 soft drinks such as coca-cola
7kZuSt7GxyA-00846-00202151-00202383 during the manufacturing process of soft
7kZuSt7GxyA-00847-00202384-00202647 drinks co2 is usually pressurized to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00848-00202648-00202814 dissolve in these drinks to generate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00849-00202815-00202983 carbonic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00850-00202984-00203231 carbonic acid is very unstable and tend
7kZuSt7GxyA-00851-00203232-00203478 to decompose into water and co2 in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00852-00203479-00203711 normal temperature and pressure
7kZuSt7GxyA-00853-00203712-00203902 therefore when we open the bottles or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00854-00203903-00204183 cans of these kinds of soft drinks co2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00855-00204184-00204423 bubbles come out and thus we feel sparks
7kZuSt7GxyA-00856-00204424-00204699 certain acids are used as drugs
7kZuSt7GxyA-00857-00204700-00204966 acetylsalicylic acid aspirin is used as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00858-00204967-00205134 a pain killer and for bringing down
7kZuSt7GxyA-00859-00205135-00205703 fevers
7kZuSt7GxyA-00860-00205704-00206246 topic in human bodies
7kZuSt7GxyA-00861-00206248-00206462 acids play important roles in the human
7kZuSt7GxyA-00862-00206463-00206727 body the hydrochloric acid present in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00863-00206728-00206934 the stomach aids digestion by breaking
7kZuSt7GxyA-00864-00206935-00207246 down large and complex food molecules
7kZuSt7GxyA-00865-00207248-00207479 amino acids are required for synthesis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00866-00207480-00207662 of proteins required for growth and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00867-00207663-00207879 repair of body tissues
7kZuSt7GxyA-00868-00207880-00208119 fatty acids are also required for growth
7kZuSt7GxyA-00869-00208119-00208342 and repair of body tissues
7kZuSt7GxyA-00870-00208344-00208534 nucleic acids are important for the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00871-00208535-00208782 manufacturing of dna and rna and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00872-00208783-00208958 transmitting of traits to offspring
7kZuSt7GxyA-00873-00208959-00209094 through genes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00874-00209096-00209271 carbonic acid is important for
7kZuSt7GxyA-00875-00209271-00209479 maintenance of ph equilibrium in the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00876-00209480-00209623 body
7kZuSt7GxyA-00877-00209623-00209831 human bodies contain a variety of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00878-00209832-00210063 organic and inorganic compounds among
7kZuSt7GxyA-00879-00210064-00210271 those dicarboxylic acids play an
7kZuSt7GxyA-00880-00210271-00210463 essential role in many biological
7kZuSt7GxyA-00881-00210464-00210598 behaviors
7kZuSt7GxyA-00882-00210600-00210806 many of those acids are amino acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00883-00210807-00210998 which mainly serve as materials for the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00884-00211000-00211198 synthesis of proteins
7kZuSt7GxyA-00885-00211200-00211398 other weak acids serve as buffers with
7kZuSt7GxyA-00886-00211400-00211606 their conjugate bases to keep the body's
7kZuSt7GxyA-00887-00211607-00211846 ph from undergoing large scale changes
7kZuSt7GxyA-00888-00211848-00212063 which would be harmful to cells
7kZuSt7GxyA-00889-00212064-00212319 the rest of the dicarboxylic acids also
7kZuSt7GxyA-00890-00212319-00212534 participate in the synthesis of various
7kZuSt7GxyA-00891-00212535-00212734 biologically important compounds in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00892-00212735-00213415 human bodies
7kZuSt7GxyA-00893-00213416-00213887 acid catalysis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00894-00213888-00214079 acids are used as catalysts in
7kZuSt7GxyA-00895-00214080-00214287 industrial and organic chemistry for
7kZuSt7GxyA-00896-00214288-00214534 example sulfuric acid is used in very
7kZuSt7GxyA-00897-00214535-00214719 large quantities in the alkylation
7kZuSt7GxyA-00898-00214719-00214958 process to produce gasoline
7kZuSt7GxyA-00899-00214959-00215223 some acids such as sulfuric phosphoric
7kZuSt7GxyA-00900-00215223-00215439 and hydrochloric acids also affect
7kZuSt7GxyA-00901-00215440-00215734 dehydration and condensation reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00902-00215735-00216015 in biochemistry many enzymes employ acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00903-00216016-00216606 catalysis
7kZuSt7GxyA-00904-00216607-00217198 topic biological occurrence
7kZuSt7GxyA-00905-00217200-00217431 many biologically important molecules
7kZuSt7GxyA-00906-00217432-00217719 are acids nucleic acids which contain
7kZuSt7GxyA-00907-00217719-00217982 acidic phosphate groups include dna and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00908-00217983-00218119 rna
7kZuSt7GxyA-00909-00218119-00218367 nucleic acids contain the genetic code
7kZuSt7GxyA-00910-00218367-00218551 that determines many of an organism's
7kZuSt7GxyA-00911-00218552-00218727 characteristics and is passed from
7kZuSt7GxyA-00912-00218728-00218903 parents to offspring
7kZuSt7GxyA-00913-00218904-00219134 dna contains the chemical blueprint for
7kZuSt7GxyA-00914-00219135-00219319 the synthesis of proteins which are made
7kZuSt7GxyA-00915-00219319-00219567 up of amino acid subunits
7kZuSt7GxyA-00916-00219567-00219815 cell membranes contain fatty acid esters
7kZuSt7GxyA-00917-00219816-00220031 such as phospholipids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00918-00220032-00220287 an alpha amino acid has a central carbon
7kZuSt7GxyA-00919-00220288-00220471 the alpha or alpha carbon which is
7kZuSt7GxyA-00920-00220471-00220703 covalently bonded to a carboxyl group
7kZuSt7GxyA-00921-00220704-00220951 thus they are carboxylic acids an amino
7kZuSt7GxyA-00922-00220952-00221158 group a hydrogen atom and a variable
7kZuSt7GxyA-00923-00221159-00221246 group
7kZuSt7GxyA-00924-00221248-00221439 the variable group also called the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00925-00221440-00221655 r-group or side chain determines the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00926-00221656-00221855 identity and many of the properties of a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00927-00221856-00222063 specific amino acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00928-00222064-00222310 in glycine the simplest amino acid the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00929-00222311-00222527 r-group is a hydrogen atom but in all
7kZuSt7GxyA-00930-00222528-00222758 other amino acids it is contains one or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00931-00222759-00222991 more carbon atoms bonded to hydrogens
7kZuSt7GxyA-00932-00222992-00223167 and may contain other elements such as
7kZuSt7GxyA-00933-00223167-00223415 sulfur oxygen or nitrogen
7kZuSt7GxyA-00934-00223416-00223631 with the exception of glycine naturally
7kZuSt7GxyA-00935-00223632-00223839 occurring amino acids are chiral and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00936-00223840-00224015 almost invariably occur in the l
7kZuSt7GxyA-00937-00224016-00224167 configuration
7kZuSt7GxyA-00938-00224167-00224398 peptidoglycan found in some bacterial
7kZuSt7GxyA-00939-00224400-00224727 cell walls contains some d amino acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00940-00224728-00225031 at physiological ph typically around 7
7kZuSt7GxyA-00941-00225032-00225303 free amino acids exist in a charged form
7kZuSt7GxyA-00942-00225304-00225598 where the acidic carboxyl group cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-00943-00225600-00225887 loses a proton coo minus and the basic
7kZuSt7GxyA-00944-00225888-00226327 amine group nh2 gains a proton nh 3.
7kZuSt7GxyA-00945-00226328-00226542 the entire molecule has a net neutral
7kZuSt7GxyA-00946-00226544-00226719 charge and is a zwitarian with the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00947-00226719-00226942 exception of amino acids with basic or
7kZuSt7GxyA-00948-00226944-00227134 acidic side chains
7kZuSt7GxyA-00949-00227135-00227406 aspartic acid for example possesses one
7kZuSt7GxyA-00950-00227407-00227615 protonated amine and two deprotonated
7kZuSt7GxyA-00951-00227616-00227871 carboxyl groups for a net charge of -1
7kZuSt7GxyA-00952-00227871-00228127 at physiological ph
7kZuSt7GxyA-00953-00228128-00228358 fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives
7kZuSt7GxyA-00954-00228359-00228582 are another group of carboxylic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-00955-00228583-00228879 that play a significant role in biology
7kZuSt7GxyA-00956-00228880-00229094 these contain long hydrocarbon chains
7kZuSt7GxyA-00957-00229096-00229398 and a carboxylic acid group on one end
7kZuSt7GxyA-00958-00229400-00229567 the cell membrane of nearly all
7kZuSt7GxyA-00959-00229567-00229758 organisms is primarily made up of a
7kZuSt7GxyA-00960-00229759-00229967 phospholipid bilayer a missile of
7kZuSt7GxyA-00961-00229967-00230223 hydrophobic fatty acid esters with polar
7kZuSt7GxyA-00962-00230223-00230471 hydrophilic phosphate head
7kZuSt7GxyA-00963-00230471-00230694 groups membranes contain additional
7kZuSt7GxyA-00964-00230696-00230919 components some of which can participate
7kZuSt7GxyA-00965-00230919-00231158 in acid-base reactions
7kZuSt7GxyA-00966-00231159-00231358 in humans and many other animals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00967-00231359-00231551 hydrochloric acid is a part of the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00968-00231552-00231775 gastric acid secreted within the stomach
7kZuSt7GxyA-00969-00231776-00231942 to help hydrolyze proteins and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00970-00231944-00232142 polysaccharides as well as converting
7kZuSt7GxyA-00971-00232144-00232367 the inactive pro-enzyme pepsinogen into
7kZuSt7GxyA-00972-00232367-00232551 the enzyme pepsin
7kZuSt7GxyA-00973-00232552-00232815 some organisms produce acids for defense
7kZuSt7GxyA-00974-00232816-00233151 for example ants produce formic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00975-00233152-00233391 acid-base equilibrium plays a critical
7kZuSt7GxyA-00976-00233392-00233631 role in regulating mammalian breathing
7kZuSt7GxyA-00977-00233632-00233879 oxygen gas o2 drives cellular
7kZuSt7GxyA-00978-00233880-00234119 respiration the process by which animals
7kZuSt7GxyA-00979-00234119-00234319 release the chemical potential energy
7kZuSt7GxyA-00980-00234319-00234575 stored in food producing carbon dioxide
7kZuSt7GxyA-00981-00234576-00234839 co2 as a byproduct
7kZuSt7GxyA-00982-00234840-00235087 oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
7kZuSt7GxyA-00983-00235088-00235287 in the lungs and the body responds to
7kZuSt7GxyA-00984-00235288-00235487 changing energy demands by adjusting the
7kZuSt7GxyA-00985-00235488-00235655 rate of ventilation
7kZuSt7GxyA-00986-00235656-00235879 for example during periods of exertion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00987-00235880-00236094 the body rapidly breaks down stored
7kZuSt7GxyA-00988-00236096-00236391 carbohydrates and fat releasing co2 into
7kZuSt7GxyA-00989-00236392-00236542 the bloodstream
7kZuSt7GxyA-00990-00236544-00236823 in aqueous solutions such as blood co2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00991-00236823-00237071 exists in equilibrium with carbonic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-00992-00237071-00237303 and bicarbonate ion
7kZuSt7GxyA-00993-00237304-00237679 co2 plus h2oh2co3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-00994-00237680-00238055 plus plus hco-3 it is the decrease in ph
7kZuSt7GxyA-00995-00238056-00238246 that signals the brain to breathe faster
7kZuSt7GxyA-00996-00238248-00238503 and deeper expelling the excess co2 and
7kZuSt7GxyA-00997-00238504-00238791 resupplying the cells with o2
7kZuSt7GxyA-00998-00238792-00238998 cell membranes are generally impermeable
7kZuSt7GxyA-00999-00239000-00239231 to charged or large polar molecules
7kZuSt7GxyA-01000-00239232-00239431 because of the lipophilic fatty acyl
7kZuSt7GxyA-01001-00239432-00239663 chains comprising their interior
7kZuSt7GxyA-01002-00239664-00239910 many biologically important molecules
7kZuSt7GxyA-01003-00239911-00240087 including a number of pharmaceutical
7kZuSt7GxyA-01004-00240088-00240319 agents are organic weak acids which can
7kZuSt7GxyA-01005-00240319-00240503 cross the membrane in their protonated
7kZuSt7GxyA-01006-00240504-00240719 uncharged form but not in their charged
7kZuSt7GxyA-01007-00240719-00240975 form i.e as the conjugate base
7kZuSt7GxyA-01008-00240976-00241167 for this reason the activity of many
7kZuSt7GxyA-01009-00241167-00241382 drugs can be enhanced or inhibited by
7kZuSt7GxyA-01010-00241383-00241679 the use of antacids or acidic foods
7kZuSt7GxyA-01011-00241680-00241910 the charged form however is often more
7kZuSt7GxyA-01012-00241911-00242110 soluble in blood and cytosol both
7kZuSt7GxyA-01013-00242111-00242303 aqueous environments
7kZuSt7GxyA-01014-00242304-00242494 when the extracellular environment is
7kZuSt7GxyA-01015-00242496-00242703 more acidic than the neutral ph within
7kZuSt7GxyA-01016-00242704-00242910 the cell certain acids will exist in
7kZuSt7GxyA-01017-00242911-00243094 their neutral form and will be membrane
7kZuSt7GxyA-01018-00243096-00243263 soluble allowing them to cross the
7kZuSt7GxyA-01019-00243264-00243463 phospholipid bilayer
7kZuSt7GxyA-01020-00243464-00243639 acids that lose a proton at the
7kZuSt7GxyA-01021-00243640-00243855 intracellular ph will exist in their
7kZuSt7GxyA-01022-00243856-00244063 soluble charged form and are thus able
7kZuSt7GxyA-01023-00244064-00244230 to diffuse through the cytosol to their
7kZuSt7GxyA-01024-00244231-00244342 target
7kZuSt7GxyA-01025-00244344-00244582 ibuprofen aspirin and penicillin are
7kZuSt7GxyA-01026-00244583-00245423 examples of drugs that are weak acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01027-00245423-00246239 common acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01028-00246240-00246934 topic mineral acids inorganic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01029-00246935-00247142 hydrogen halides and their solutions
7kZuSt7GxyA-01030-00247144-00247463 hydrofluoric acid hf hydrochloric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01031-00247464-00247882 hcl hydrobromic acid hbr hydroiatic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01032-00247883-00248263 hi halogen oxoacids hypochlorous acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01033-00248264-00248598 hclo chloros acid hydrogen hypochlorite
7kZuSt7GxyA-01034-00248600-00248815 chloric acid hydrogen hypochlorite
7kZuSt7GxyA-01035-00248816-00249063 perchloric acid hydrogen hypochlorite
7kZuSt7GxyA-01036-00249064-00249279 and corresponding analogues for bromine
7kZuSt7GxyA-01037-00249280-00249439 and iodine
7kZuSt7GxyA-01038-00249440-00249719 hypoflurous acid hfo the only known
7kZuSt7GxyA-01039-00249719-00250023 oxoacid for fluorine
7kZuSt7GxyA-01040-00250023-00250382 sulfuric acid h2so4
7kZuSt7GxyA-01041-00250383-00250751 fluorosulfuric acid hso3f
7kZuSt7GxyA-01042-00250752-00251046 nitric acid hno3
7kZuSt7GxyA-01043-00251048-00251210 phosphoric acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01044-00251211-00251410 h3po4
7kZuSt7GxyA-01045-00251411-00251594 fluoroantimonic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01046-00251596-00251791 hsbf6
7kZuSt7GxyA-01047-00251792-00252139 fluoroboric acid hbf4
7kZuSt7GxyA-01048-00252140-00252494 hexafluorophosphoric acid hpf6
7kZuSt7GxyA-01049-00252496-00252791 chromic acid hydrogen chromate
7kZuSt7GxyA-01050-00252792-00253534 boric acid h3bo3
7kZuSt7GxyA-01051-00253535-00254006 sulfonic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01052-00254007-00254271 a sulfonic acid has the general formula
7kZuSt7GxyA-01053-00254271-00254598 rs equals o 2oh where r is an organic
7kZuSt7GxyA-01054-00254600-00254815 radical
7kZuSt7GxyA-01055-00254816-00255094 methane sulfonic acid or meselic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01056-00255096-00255398 ch3so3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01057-00255400-00255671 ethanesulfonic acid or acilic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01058-00255671-00256087 ch3ch2so3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01059-00256088-00256375 benzene sulfonic acid or basilic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01060-00256376-00256734 c6h5so3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01061-00256735-00257046 p-toluene sulfonic acid or tosilic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01062-00257048-00257494 ch3c6h4so3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01063-00257496-00257710 trifluoromethane sulfonic acid or
7kZuSt7GxyA-01064-00257711-00258127 triflic acid cf3so3h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01065-00258128-00258382 polystyrene sulfonic acid sulfonated
7kZuSt7GxyA-01066-00258383-00258523 polystyrene
7kZuSt7GxyA-01067-00258523-00259406 ch2ch c6h4 so3hn
7kZuSt7GxyA-01068-00259407-00259903 carboxylic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01069-00259904-00260127 a carboxylic acid has the general
7kZuSt7GxyA-01070-00260128-00260391 formula r carbon monoxide o where r is
7kZuSt7GxyA-01071-00260392-00260687 an organic radical the carboxyl group
7kZuSt7GxyA-01072-00260688-00260919 carbon monoxide o contains a carbonyl
7kZuSt7GxyA-01073-00260919-00261223 group c equals o and a hydroxyl group o
7kZuSt7GxyA-01074-00261223-00261430 h
7kZuSt7GxyA-01075-00261431-00261839 acetic acid ch3cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-01076-00261840-00262247 citric acid c6h8o7
7kZuSt7GxyA-01077-00262248-00262558 formic acid hcooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-01078-00262559-00263167 gluconic acid hoch2 choh 4cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-01079-00263168-00263687 lactic acid ch3ca
7kZuSt7GxyA-01080-00263688-00264079 oxalic acid hoc cooh
7kZuSt7GxyA-01081-00264080-00265071 tartaric acid hoc chohchohcoohh
7kZuSt7GxyA-01082-00265072-00265647 halogenated carboxylic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01083-00265648-00265895 halogenation at alpha position increases
7kZuSt7GxyA-01084-00265896-00266063 acid strength so that the following
7kZuSt7GxyA-01085-00266064-00266455 acids are all stronger than acetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01086-00266456-00266699 fluoroacetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01087-00266700-00266927 trifluoroacetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01088-00266928-00267155 chloroacetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01089-00267156-00267382 dichloroacetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01090-00267383-00268023 trichloroacetic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01091-00268024-00268591 vinylicus carboxylic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01092-00268592-00268830 normal carboxylic acids are the direct
7kZuSt7GxyA-01093-00268831-00269047 union of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl
7kZuSt7GxyA-01094-00269048-00269143 group
7kZuSt7GxyA-01095-00269144-00269375 in vinologous carboxylic acids a
7kZuSt7GxyA-01096-00269376-00269591 carbon-carbon double bond separates the
7kZuSt7GxyA-01097-00269592-00269934 carbonyl and hydroxyl groups
7kZuSt7GxyA-01098-00269935-00270543 ascorbic acid
7kZuSt7GxyA-01099-00270544-00271051 nucleic acids
7kZuSt7GxyA-01100-00271052-00271351 deoxyribonucleic acid dna
7kZuSt7GxyA-01101-00271352-00271796 ribonucleic acid rna
80c69vBBzpY-00000-00000003-00000275 hi my name is Jennifer Gilardi I am from
80c69vBBzpY-00001-00000276-00000467 Oh pitas Adult School and I'm going to
80c69vBBzpY-00002-00000468-00000649 talk about teaching with YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00003-00000650-00000788 particularly bilk
80c69vBBzpY-00004-00000789-00001066 playlists to deliver deliver curated
80c69vBBzpY-00005-00001067-00001560 content there was a question in the chat
80c69vBBzpY-00006-00001561-00002249 about creating videos on Apple with
80c69vBBzpY-00007-00002250-00002573 Apple products same problem I've had
80c69vBBzpY-00008-00002574-00002762 that same problem when you've taken
80c69vBBzpY-00009-00002763-00003023 things vertically and you want it to be
80c69vBBzpY-00010-00003024-00003368 horizontal you import it into I think
80c69vBBzpY-00011-00003369-00003890 it's the the Apple Video Editor I think
80c69vBBzpY-00012-00003890-00004090 it's what time or something like that no
80c69vBBzpY-00013-00004092-00004345 it's not quick long time but then you
80c69vBBzpY-00014-00004346-00004802 basically hit it and touch it and touch
80c69vBBzpY-00015-00004803-00005143 the screen and you can twist it twist it
80c69vBBzpY-00016-00005144-00005435 so you can read focus it and reshape it
80c69vBBzpY-00017-00005436-00005735 within that video maybe I can do a demo
80c69vBBzpY-00018-00005736-00006097 of that at the very end okay any other
80c69vBBzpY-00019-00006098-00006436 questions feel free to put them into the
80c69vBBzpY-00020-00006437-00006778 chat box we're going to talk about
80c69vBBzpY-00021-00006779-00007039 creating a you tie a youtube channel
80c69vBBzpY-00022-00007040-00007295 we're going to identify patterns and
80c69vBBzpY-00023-00007295-00007531 resources for the YouTube channel we're
80c69vBBzpY-00024-00007533-00007667 going to talk specifically about
80c69vBBzpY-00025-00007668-00007909 delivering playlists to deliver that
80c69vBBzpY-00026-00007911-00008089 content and then sharing that content
80c69vBBzpY-00027-00008090-00008374 and then we're going to talk about using
80c69vBBzpY-00028-00008375-00008582 YouTube inside and outside of the
80c69vBBzpY-00029-00008583-00009092 classroom one of the things before we
80c69vBBzpY-00030-00009093-00009266 begin we're talking about how we're
80c69vBBzpY-00031-00009267-00009509 using YouTube now well specifically I
80c69vBBzpY-00032-00009510-00009764 want to talk about using YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00033-00009765-00010024 especially during this time for distance
80c69vBBzpY-00034-00010025-00010285 learning and especially for the
80c69vBBzpY-00035-00010286-00010520 classroom and we always have to talk
80c69vBBzpY-00036-00010521-00010820 about what our content is and how do we
80c69vBBzpY-00037-00010821-00011120 expect our YouTube channel to be used so
80c69vBBzpY-00038-00011121-00011453 a lot of people have learning management
80c69vBBzpY-00039-00011454-00012005 systems or so they might be using canvas
80c69vBBzpY-00040-00012006-00012367 or Google classrooms or they might be
80c69vBBzpY-00041-00012368-00012660 using a language management system from
80c69vBBzpY-00042-00012661-00013096 from read works or one from newsela or
80c69vBBzpY-00043-00013097-00013385 whatever the case may be you can use
80c69vBBzpY-00044-00013386-00013643 YouTube almost the same way where you
80c69vBBzpY-00045-00013644-00013859 can basically put your content where you
80c69vBBzpY-00046-00013860-00014132 want this video content that you want
80c69vBBzpY-00047-00014133-00014462 your students to review in one place and
80c69vBBzpY-00048-00014463-00014837 organize them into playlists I want to
80c69vBBzpY-00049-00014838-00015169 talk about a basic pattern of a channel
80c69vBBzpY-00050-00015169-00015488 on the top of the channel you usually
80c69vBBzpY-00051-00015488-00015740 have your header which usually
80c69vBBzpY-00052-00015741-00016076 identifies your school or your class you
80c69vBBzpY-00053-00016077-00016297 always have a featured video and this is
80c69vBBzpY-00054-00016299-00016574 a short video welcoming people to your
80c69vBBzpY-00055-00016575-00016931 channel you want a lot of people have
80c69vBBzpY-00056-00016932-00017132 their uploads and if you create a basic
80c69vBBzpY-00057-00017133-00017422 channel initially that's all you're
80c69vBBzpY-00058-00017423-00017594 going to see is peoples uploads but
80c69vBBzpY-00059-00017595-00017786 today I'm going to talk about mostly
80c69vBBzpY-00060-00017787-00018044 getting content from other channels and
80c69vBBzpY-00061-00018045-00018302 bring them importing it into your own
80c69vBBzpY-00062-00018303-00018602 channel so you can share this with your
80c69vBBzpY-00063-00018603-00018941 students again you can create playlists
80c69vBBzpY-00064-00018942-00019190 which can be a combination of your own
80c69vBBzpY-00065-00019191-00019553 content videos that you created paired
80c69vBBzpY-00066-00019554-00019903 with videos created by other people and
80c69vBBzpY-00067-00019904-00020237 you organize them yourself on a given
80c69vBBzpY-00068-00020238-00020681 topic or you can import saved playlists
80c69vBBzpY-00069-00020682-00021071 so I could see entire playlists from
80c69vBBzpY-00070-00021072-00021397 another channel so instead of download
80c69vBBzpY-00071-00021398-00021719 every single one of those videos I can
80c69vBBzpY-00072-00021720-00022067 basically simply grab the URL from that
80c69vBBzpY-00073-00022068-00022372 playlist and import it into my my
80c69vBBzpY-00074-00022373-00023027 youtube channel also the you can see on
80c69vBBzpY-00075-00023028-00023249 your channel that you can have featured
80c69vBBzpY-00076-00023250-00023474 channels so for instance I want my
80c69vBBzpY-00077-00023475-00023738 students to go to VOA news or I want
80c69vBBzpY-00078-00023739-00024046 people to go to Jennifer Jennifer ESL or
80c69vBBzpY-00079-00024047-00024428 USCIS and then there's related channels
80c69vBBzpY-00080-00024429-00024707 chosen by YouTube that that pair with
80c69vBBzpY-00081-00024708-00025297 your your channel before I continue and
80c69vBBzpY-00082-00025298-00025562 want to talk about playlists and what it
80c69vBBzpY-00083-00025563-00025714 because I'm going to be constantly
80c69vBBzpY-00084-00025716-00025972 referring to a playlist playlist is an
80c69vBBzpY-00085-00025973-00026270 ordered list of videos they allow
80c69vBBzpY-00086-00026270-00026571 viewers to watch multiple videos in a
80c69vBBzpY-00087-00026572-00026774 predetermined ordered by the
80c69vBBzpY-00088-00026775-00027149 playlists owner so for instance if
80c69vBBzpY-00089-00027150-00027398 you're if you created the playlist you
80c69vBBzpY-00090-00027399-00027857 can put them in a order of the newest
80c69vBBzpY-00091-00027858-00028457 playlet newest video on top or the the
80c69vBBzpY-00092-00028458-00028763 oldest video on top or you can create it
80c69vBBzpY-00093-00028764-00029066 in a you can create it in a way that
80c69vBBzpY-00094-00029067-00029399 you've chosen yourself if you're
80c69vBBzpY-00095-00029400-00029624 importing it from another person you
80c69vBBzpY-00096-00029625-00030026 have to retain the the predetermined
80c69vBBzpY-00097-00030027-00030235 playlist that they've already made a
80c69vBBzpY-00098-00030236-00030508 playlist can be composed of videos
80c69vBBzpY-00099-00030510-00030863 uploaded by you or videos uploaded by
80c69vBBzpY-00100-00030864-00031073 another creator and then saved or
80c69vBBzpY-00101-00031074-00031619 imported to your channel we're just this
80c69vBBzpY-00102-00031620-00031961 is an example of a well this is my my
80c69vBBzpY-00103-00031962-00032372 citizenship channel I just topped right
80c69vBBzpY-00104-00032373-00032654 when I took this this picture it's ten
80c69vBBzpY-00105-00032655-00032915 thousand subscribers today it's finally
80c69vBBzpY-00106-00032916-00033113 topped 30 thousand subscribers
80c69vBBzpY-00107-00033114-00033338 subscribers so I'm super happy about
80c69vBBzpY-00108-00033339-00033617 that but anyway as you can see I have a
80c69vBBzpY-00109-00033618-00033863 feature video that's basically welcoming
80c69vBBzpY-00110-00033864-00034208 people to the channel I have a creative
80c69vBBzpY-00111-00034209-00034433 list of my students that I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00112-00034434-00034727 interviewing I have a featured channels
80c69vBBzpY-00113-00034728-00035059 which I want students to check out here
80c69vBBzpY-00114-00035060-00035498 USC is VOA news etc and then on the top
80c69vBBzpY-00115-00035499-00035723 this is where I can customize the
80c69vBBzpY-00116-00035724-00035999 channel other people cannot see these
80c69vBBzpY-00117-00036000-00036239 buttons only I can see these buttons so
80c69vBBzpY-00118-00036240-00036500 customizing the channel means I'm going
80c69vBBzpY-00119-00036501-00036887 to be modifying what I'm doing on my own
80c69vBBzpY-00120-00036888-00037112 channel what videos and playlists I can
80c69vBBzpY-00121-00037113-00037460 I want people to see creator studio is
80c69vBBzpY-00122-00037461-00037913 when I want to go in and edit specific
80c69vBBzpY-00123-00037914-00038696 videos that I've uploaded I want to talk
80c69vBBzpY-00124-00038697-00039107 a little bit more about single single
80c69vBBzpY-00125-00039108-00039413 playlists so these are videos chosen by
80c69vBBzpY-00126-00039414-00039742 you on a single topic so the default
80c69vBBzpY-00127-00039743-00040064 playlist is uploaded videos so these are
80c69vBBzpY-00128-00040065-00040121 videos
80c69vBBzpY-00129-00040122-00040364 I've taken with my own students I've
80c69vBBzpY-00130-00040365-00040622 simply uploaded them to my channel and
80c69vBBzpY-00131-00040623-00040853 people can see them because they're
80c69vBBzpY-00132-00040854-00041228 public here's an example on the bottom
80c69vBBzpY-00133-00041229-00041681 of a hole of not one playlist but
80c69vBBzpY-00134-00041682-00042053 multiple playlists put in a verdict
80c69vBBzpY-00135-00042054-00042341 excuse me a horizontal playlist so
80c69vBBzpY-00136-00042342-00042638 there's one there's they're talking
80c69vBBzpY-00137-00042639-00042827 about report backs from citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-00138-00042828-00043112 interviews so here's one of my own
80c69vBBzpY-00139-00043113-00043346 students the second one is actually from
80c69vBBzpY-00140-00043347-00043637 another person so is the third one the
80c69vBBzpY-00141-00043638-00043862 fourth one so it's a mix and match
80c69vBBzpY-00142-00043863-00044213 different videos from different people
80c69vBBzpY-00143-00044214-00044459 talking about their citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-00144-00044460-00044887 interviews we have some questions
80c69vBBzpY-00145-00044888-00045101 specific to playlists can we answer
80c69vBBzpY-00146-00045102-00045380 those now yes please okay how do you
80c69vBBzpY-00147-00045381-00045629 delete a previously saved playlist on
80c69vBBzpY-00148-00045630-00045926 YouTube you go into your library and you
80c69vBBzpY-00149-00045927-00046148 can delete it from your library and I'll
80c69vBBzpY-00150-00046149-00046412 talk a little bit about that okay if an
80c69vBBzpY-00151-00046413-00046658 uploaded video from another creator is
80c69vBBzpY-00152-00046659-00046915 used will it stay on the playlist if the
80c69vBBzpY-00153-00046916-00047335 Creator removes it no if the Creator
80c69vBBzpY-00154-00047336-00047869 removes the plan use the video from from
80c69vBBzpY-00155-00047870-00048260 YouTube then that video will no longer
80c69vBBzpY-00156-00048261-00048674 appear anywhere on YouTube okay are you
80c69vBBzpY-00157-00048675-00048923 what if you don't want these to be
80c69vBBzpY-00158-00048924-00049067 public and I think you addressed that
80c69vBBzpY-00159-00049068-00049304 later I'm going to talk about well I'll
80c69vBBzpY-00160-00049305-00049637 talk a little bit about that and hope I
80c69vBBzpY-00161-00049638-00049892 hopefully I can do a demonstration of
80c69vBBzpY-00162-00049893-00050144 that but there's three there's three
80c69vBBzpY-00163-00050145-00050564 levels when you upload a video there's
80c69vBBzpY-00164-00050565-00050813 one that's called private only you can
80c69vBBzpY-00165-00050814-00051083 see that video and a lot of times you
80c69vBBzpY-00166-00051084-00051269 want to set that to private because
80c69vBBzpY-00167-00051270-00051439 maybe you're trying to fix the the
80c69vBBzpY-00168-00051440-00051577 closed captions
80c69vBBzpY-00169-00051578-00051955 the second one is unlisted so only the
80c69vBBzpY-00170-00051957-00052313 people that you share the link with can
80c69vBBzpY-00171-00052314-00052729 see that video so for instance I have a
80c69vBBzpY-00172-00052730-00053078 whole set of citizenship interviews that
80c69vBBzpY-00173-00053079-00053294 my students don't want to be out in
80c69vBBzpY-00174-00053295-00053360 public
80c69vBBzpY-00175-00053361-00053624 but they want to share it with each
80c69vBBzpY-00176-00053625-00053866 other
80c69vBBzpY-00177-00053866-00054104 specifically so they can watch that
80c69vBBzpY-00178-00054104-00054410 comment on them and then after the
80c69vBBzpY-00179-00054411-00054638 person has passed their citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-00180-00054639-00054998 interview I can delete that or I can
80c69vBBzpY-00181-00054999-00055226 they can I can release that into the
80c69vBBzpY-00182-00055227-00055472 public it's truly up to the student on
80c69vBBzpY-00183-00055473-00055763 that one and the final one is public so
80c69vBBzpY-00184-00055764-00055946 when it's uploaded it's immediately
80c69vBBzpY-00185-00055947-00056212 shared with the YouTube public at large
80c69vBBzpY-00186-00056213-00056603 does that help yes okay I should be good
80c69vBBzpY-00187-00056604-00056738 yeah okay
80c69vBBzpY-00188-00056739-00056957 if you something is something was
80c69vBBzpY-00189-00056958-00057620 originally public you can so you can
80c69vBBzpY-00190-00057621-00058229 change those settings okay all right now
80c69vBBzpY-00191-00058229-00058457 I'm going to talk about a playlist so
80c69vBBzpY-00192-00058458-00058748 these are created these are multiple
80c69vBBzpY-00193-00058749-00059063 playlists so this one has if you can see
80c69vBBzpY-00194-00059064-00059345 here there's 19 videos in that playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00195-00059346-00059549 there's six videos in that playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00196-00059550-00059924 there's 34 videos on that playlist all
80c69vBBzpY-00197-00059925-00060161 these videos have been created created
80c69vBBzpY-00198-00060162-00060521 by me and then this one I've imported
80c69vBBzpY-00199-00060522-00061042 from you as caelius which is basically
80c69vBBzpY-00200-00061044-00061316 I've only had to copy the URL of the
80c69vBBzpY-00201-00061316-00061565 playlist and import it directly so
80c69vBBzpY-00202-00061566-00061820 there's no downloading nothing has been
80c69vBBzpY-00203-00061821-00062135 no content has been stolen it's simply
80c69vBBzpY-00204-00062136-00062663 creating a visual alias to that site
80c69vBBzpY-00205-00062664-00063019 here's another playlist from multiple
80c69vBBzpY-00206-00063020-00063335 from multiple sources and again you can
80c69vBBzpY-00207-00063336-00063749 put them in a horizontal playlist okay
80c69vBBzpY-00208-00063750-00063962 so I wanted to go on to creating a
80c69vBBzpY-00209-00063963-00064133 YouTube channel is there any other
80c69vBBzpY-00210-00064134-00064658 questions before I continue so this so
80c69vBBzpY-00211-00064659-00064853 is the strategy to create one playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00212-00064854-00065153 per subject class or one by instructor
80c69vBBzpY-00213-00065154-00065369 trying to figure out best strategy you
80c69vBBzpY-00214-00065370-00065678 teaching multiple subjects okay I think
80c69vBBzpY-00215-00065679-00065891 I'm gonna I'm gonna have a better
80c69vBBzpY-00216-00065892-00066074 illustration of that when I go to
80c69vBBzpY-00217-00066075-00066735 another channel but for what if you want
80c69vBBzpY-00218-00066736-00067188 you as a as a teacher when I teach
80c69vBBzpY-00219-00067189-00067382 citizenship I put everything on the
80c69vBBzpY-00220-00067383-00067613 channel and then I organize things by
80c69vBBzpY-00221-00067614-00068144 topic on that channel ESL instructor
80c69vBBzpY-00222-00068145-00068490 multiple teachers use my channel to
80c69vBBzpY-00223-00068491-00069012 access ESL content so when I do that I
80c69vBBzpY-00224-00069013-00069381 create a playlist for ESL one I create a
80c69vBBzpY-00225-00069382-00069744 ESL playlist for a conversation I create
80c69vBBzpY-00226-00069745-00069984 a playlist for writing I create a
80c69vBBzpY-00227-00069985-00070442 playlist for El civics so that's a
80c69vBBzpY-00228-00070443-00070767 better organized ways to access that
80c69vBBzpY-00229-00070768-00071178 information so you can do it by class
80c69vBBzpY-00230-00071179-00071600 you can create a channel by class or you
80c69vBBzpY-00231-00071601-00071874 can create a channel for your school and
80c69vBBzpY-00232-00071875-00072342 then people can go in and or a person
80c69vBBzpY-00233-00072343-00072663 can create playlists specific to that
80c69vBBzpY-00234-00072664-00073287 classroom does that help two more
80c69vBBzpY-00235-00073288-00073601 questions here some of us are new to
80c69vBBzpY-00236-00073602-00073769 creating videos will you be discussing
80c69vBBzpY-00237-00073770-00074010 that I'm not really going to be talking
80c69vBBzpY-00238-00074011-00074298 about creating videos I can do that at
80c69vBBzpY-00239-00074299-00074559 the end for instance the example I
80c69vBBzpY-00240-00074560-00074973 wanted to show you was a video that I
80c69vBBzpY-00241-00074974-00075261 took from a zoom session that I did for
80c69vBBzpY-00242-00075262-00075575 a citizenship interview and the most
80c69vBBzpY-00243-00075576-00075963 important thing is that when the point I
80c69vBBzpY-00244-00075964-00076212 wanted to make with that video is that
80c69vBBzpY-00245-00076213-00076530 if I simply let the automatic English
80c69vBBzpY-00246-00076531-00077091 closed captions take over what the
80c69vBBzpY-00247-00077092-00077397 person the closed captions are able to
80c69vBBzpY-00248-00077398-00077697 to access what I'm saying fairly fairly
80c69vBBzpY-00249-00077698-00077961 easily but if you have people speaking
80c69vBBzpY-00250-00077962-00078188 in different accents YouTube is not very
80c69vBBzpY-00251-00078189-00078417 good at picking up what they're actually
80c69vBBzpY-00252-00078418-00078725 saying so you have to be able to go in
80c69vBBzpY-00253-00078726-00078942 and edit those closed captions and I
80c69vBBzpY-00254-00078943-00079131 wanted to talk a little bit about that
80c69vBBzpY-00255-00079132-00079418 okay last question for this cassette is
80c69vBBzpY-00256-00079419-00079682 there a limit to how many videos we can
80c69vBBzpY-00257-00079683-00080050 upload hmm I haven't
80c69vBBzpY-00258-00080051-00080460 I have over 500 videos so and no folks
80c69vBBzpY-00259-00080461-00081232 wanted it so yeah and I have imported
80c69vBBzpY-00260-00081233-00081523 videos from USCIS and other people as
80c69vBBzpY-00261-00081524-00081898 well one of my favorite playlists in
80c69vBBzpY-00262-00081899-00082261 fact is a playlist of people at
80c69vBBzpY-00263-00082262-00082513 different Earth's ceremonies and so I
80c69vBBzpY-00264-00082514-00082771 try to show a video from that every
80c69vBBzpY-00265-00082772-00083056 Sunday ok so we're going to talk more
80c69vBBzpY-00266-00083057-00083269 about the construction of the YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00267-00083270-00083464 channel is that okay to go ahead
80c69vBBzpY-00268-00083465-00084073 you bet okay great so I really if you
80c69vBBzpY-00269-00084074-00084337 guys take one picture take a picture of
80c69vBBzpY-00270-00084338-00084400 this one
80c69vBBzpY-00271-00084401-00084874 this is bitly playlist - help and this
80c69vBBzpY-00272-00084875-00085255 is basically how to save and share
80c69vBBzpY-00273-00085256-00085636 videos or playlists okay so a lot of
80c69vBBzpY-00274-00085637-00085813 things that I'm going to be talking
80c69vBBzpY-00275-00085814-00085924 about I'm not going to be able to
80c69vBBzpY-00276-00085925-00086089 explain that well just because my own
80c69vBBzpY-00277-00086090-00086467 personal limitations but YouTube has a
80c69vBBzpY-00278-00086468-00086782 very robust Help section that will
80c69vBBzpY-00279-00086783-00087121 enable to help you to help you to save
80c69vBBzpY-00280-00087122-00087415 them to share your videos to construct
80c69vBBzpY-00281-00087416-00087613 your child's so please take a look at
80c69vBBzpY-00282-00087614-00088153 this so again it's bit dot ly / playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00283-00088154-00088894 - help okay I'm gonna let everybody just
80c69vBBzpY-00284-00088895-00089257 in one more second we got it in the chat
80c69vBBzpY-00285-00089258-00089506 Jennifer you could do there any question
80c69vBBzpY-00286-00089507-00089785 was there a question there please no
80c69vBBzpY-00287-00089786-00090187 nope okay
80c69vBBzpY-00288-00090188-00090639 most no first of all you can create a
80c69vBBzpY-00289-00090640-00091089 YouTube channel with other accounts
80c69vBBzpY-00290-00091090-00091537 however it's better to create a YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00291-00091538-00091891 channel with your gmail account and more
80c69vBBzpY-00292-00091892-00092464 a gmail hosted account and it's more and
80c69vBBzpY-00293-00092465-00092902 it so you can do that okay so the the
80c69vBBzpY-00294-00092903-00093076 easiest what I'm going to show you the
80c69vBBzpY-00295-00093077-00093317 easiest way I know to create a Jean
80c69vBBzpY-00296-00093318-00093623 to create a YouTube channel so first you
80c69vBBzpY-00297-00093624-00094118 login to to Google with your gmail
80c69vBBzpY-00298-00094119-00094394 account and the because you're
80c69vBBzpY-00299-00094395-00094628 practicing and just starting out you may
80c69vBBzpY-00300-00094629-00094930 want to use an account that's not like
80c69vBBzpY-00301-00094931-00095168 linked with your school district
80c69vBBzpY-00302-00095169-00095579 you need to practice first play around a
80c69vBBzpY-00303-00095580-00095786 little bit and then maybe go back in
80c69vBBzpY-00304-00095787-00095954 with your school account so here I am
80c69vBBzpY-00305-00095955-00096248 I'm creating one with long may she
80c69vBBzpY-00306-00096249-00096659 waived you basically have to name
80c69vBBzpY-00307-00096660-00096857 yourself so you have a first name a last
80c69vBBzpY-00308-00096858-00097085 name and I believe they're asking for
80c69vBBzpY-00309-00097086-00097355 further identification now nowadays and
80c69vBBzpY-00310-00097356-00097538 it's gonna say it's going to create a
80c69vBBzpY-00311-00097539-00097984 channel for you so here it is bare-bones
80c69vBBzpY-00312-00097985-00098423 it has my name it has home it has
80c69vBBzpY-00313-00098424-00098678 uploads no we don't have any uploads and
80c69vBBzpY-00314-00098679-00098966 so here I'm going to customize my
80c69vBBzpY-00315-00098967-00099185 channel I'm not going to go to creator
80c69vBBzpY-00316-00099186-00099404 studio because I don't have any channels
80c69vBBzpY-00317-00099405-00099767 yet to edit I want to basically modify
80c69vBBzpY-00318-00099768-00100076 or create my create my channel or
80c69vBBzpY-00319-00100077-00100352 customize my channel so this is where
80c69vBBzpY-00320-00100353-00100556 I'm going to start adding videos and I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00321-00100557-00100793 going to start adding playlists they see
80c69vBBzpY-00322-00100794-00101207 is there any questions that right now we
80c69vBBzpY-00323-00101208-00101438 what about Google net accounts for
80c69vBBzpY-00324-00101439-00101708 channel creation I'm going to answer
80c69vBBzpY-00325-00101709-00102028 that Google dotnet is not a gmail
80c69vBBzpY-00326-00102029-00102511 google.com is so if you mistyped it the
80c69vBBzpY-00327-00102513-00102728 answer is yes but if you really meant
80c69vBBzpY-00328-00102729-00103108 Google net that doesn't work why is it
80c69vBBzpY-00329-00103109-00103411 best to use a gmail because it's in the
80c69vBBzpY-00330-00103413-00103538 same playground
80c69vBBzpY-00331-00103539-00104021 okay let's go ahead Jennifer some why
80c69vBBzpY-00332-00104022-00104354 you want to create in Google because if
80c69vBBzpY-00333-00104355-00104600 you want to derive any income from your
80c69vBBzpY-00334-00104601-00104792 channel for instance if you want add
80c69vBBzpY-00335-00104793-00105109 revenue it's going to hook a it's much
80c69vBBzpY-00336-00105110-00105436 more easy to hook up with Adsense so you
80c69vBBzpY-00337-00105438-00105784 can get paid from YouTube so if that's
80c69vBBzpY-00338-00105785-00105985 something you want to consider however
80c69vBBzpY-00339-00105986-00106229 I'm not going to really address that
80c69vBBzpY-00340-00106230-00106730 many issues around it revenue okay
80c69vBBzpY-00341-00106731-00107186 is that it that's good okay good okay so
80c69vBBzpY-00342-00107188-00107514 here I'm basically saying I want to set
80c69vBBzpY-00343-00107515-00107775 my intention so here I'm going to be
80c69vBBzpY-00344-00107776-00108030 basically say something about about and
80c69vBBzpY-00345-00108031-00108291 so that's why I'm going to describe what
80c69vBBzpY-00346-00108292-00108533 my channel is about and here I'm my
80c69vBBzpY-00347-00108534-00108732 channel description is basically talking
80c69vBBzpY-00348-00108733-00109101 about how I want to teach people about
80c69vBBzpY-00349-00109102-00109404 how to use YouTube or for instance that
80c69vBBzpY-00350-00109405-00109632 this was my citizenship account would
80c69vBBzpY-00351-00109633-00109854 say I want to help prepare people for my
80c69vBBzpY-00352-00109855-00110130 their for their citizenship interview or
80c69vBBzpY-00353-00110131-00110466 my ESL account would say I want to help
80c69vBBzpY-00354-00110467-00110734 my ESL students learn English
80c69vBBzpY-00355-00110735-00111000 conversation more effectively so it's
80c69vBBzpY-00356-00111001-00111221 really important to set that intention
80c69vBBzpY-00357-00111222-00111552 because otherwise your YouTube channel
80c69vBBzpY-00358-00111553-00111747 could be a dump for all sorts of things
80c69vBBzpY-00359-00111748-00112184 and it can lose focus YouTube channel
80c69vBBzpY-00360-00112185-00112491 that loses focus is not going to be very
80c69vBBzpY-00361-00112492-00112722 useful to people so please set your
80c69vBBzpY-00362-00112723-00113343 attention for it first later you can add
80c69vBBzpY-00363-00113344-00113631 channel art and you can use something
80c69vBBzpY-00364-00113632-00113810 from the gallery use something from the
80c69vBBzpY-00365-00113811-00114110 computer if I did load this we could be
80c69vBBzpY-00366-00114111-00114294 here all day because I really like
80c69vBBzpY-00367-00114295-00114441 pretty things I mean very easily
80c69vBBzpY-00368-00114442-00114785 distracted so please just use this as a
80c69vBBzpY-00369-00114786-00115053 place holder holder to get something
80c69vBBzpY-00370-00115054-00115347 from your own computer and I got some
80c69vBBzpY-00371-00115348-00115740 poppies I love California and now I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00372-00115741-00115992 ready to go on to the channel settings
80c69vBBzpY-00373-00115993-00116397 so anytime you see this wheel this is
80c69vBBzpY-00374-00116398-00116673 where this is a this means settings you
80c69vBBzpY-00375-00116674-00116936 can change this and changes there you're
80c69vBBzpY-00376-00116938-00117114 going to be basically changing your
80c69vBBzpY-00377-00117115-00117383 channel you're turning that wheel you're
80c69vBBzpY-00378-00117384-00117903 creating change here one of the most
80c69vBBzpY-00379-00117904-00118122 important things that you can you want
80c69vBBzpY-00380-00118123-00118377 to keep all your like videos private so
80c69vBBzpY-00381-00118378-00118866 for instance I'll is a when my dad was
80c69vBBzpY-00382-00118867-00119103 when my dad was alive he really had
80c69vBBzpY-00383-00119104-00119384 problems with me watching Stephen
80c69vBBzpY-00384-00119385-00119772 Colbert because he really didn't like
80c69vBBzpY-00385-00119773-00119900 him
80c69vBBzpY-00386-00119901-00120058 and because my dad was really
80c69vBBzpY-00387-00120059-00120413 conservative but so when I and I knew
80c69vBBzpY-00388-00120414-00120590 that sometimes you would access my
80c69vBBzpY-00389-00120591-00120845 computer when I wasn't at home so I kept
80c69vBBzpY-00390-00120846-00121316 all my videos private and also you don't
80c69vBBzpY-00391-00121317-00121493 want necessarily your students to know
80c69vBBzpY-00392-00121494-00121676 what videos that you like you want to
80c69vBBzpY-00393-00121677-00121958 keep that kind of stuff private you may
80c69vBBzpY-00394-00121958-00122180 want to keep your subscriptions private
80c69vBBzpY-00395-00122181-00122621 now if you've already decided that your
80c69vBBzpY-00396-00122622-00122852 this is going to be remembered this is
80c69vBBzpY-00397-00122853-00123058 practice so you may want to keep your
80c69vBBzpY-00398-00123059-00123431 system subscriptions private when you
80c69vBBzpY-00399-00123432-00123713 have basically mastered your YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00400-00123714-00123929 channel you may want to take this off
80c69vBBzpY-00401-00123930-00124226 because you want you want your students
80c69vBBzpY-00402-00124227-00124541 to be able to access all sorts of ESL
80c69vBBzpY-00403-00124542-00124805 channels that you've subscribed to and
80c69vBBzpY-00404-00124806-00125141 this one keep all my say playlists
80c69vBBzpY-00405-00125142-00125351 private you want to make sure that
80c69vBBzpY-00406-00125352-00125611 that's unchecked why because you're
80c69vBBzpY-00407-00125613-00125792 gonna be you're going to be sharing
80c69vBBzpY-00408-00125793-00125983 those saved playlists that's going to be
80c69vBBzpY-00409-00125984-00126361 super super important for you you also
80c69vBBzpY-00410-00126363-00126599 want to go down to advanced settings and
80c69vBBzpY-00411-00126600-00126989 basically we make sure your privacy
80c69vBBzpY-00412-00126990-00127403 settings are in intact and make sure
80c69vBBzpY-00413-00127404-00127646 again that the safe playlists are
80c69vBBzpY-00414-00127647-00128204 private that you've unchecked them here
80c69vBBzpY-00415-00128205-00128372 this is getting a little bit more into
80c69vBBzpY-00416-00128373-00128525 the weeds and we're just I'm just going
80c69vBBzpY-00417-00128526-00128768 to mention this and let it go you want
80c69vBBzpY-00418-00128769-00129095 to make sure that you are not violating
80c69vBBzpY-00419-00129096-00129428 any copyright status so this is
80c69vBBzpY-00420-00129429-00129632 basically you would be downloading
80c69vBBzpY-00421-00129633-00129872 videos from other channels and then
80c69vBBzpY-00422-00129873-00130157 uploading them to your your channel as
80c69vBBzpY-00423-00130158-00130459 if it was your own content if people
80c69vBBzpY-00424-00130460-00130667 find out that you're downloading other
80c69vBBzpY-00425-00130668-00130904 people's videos and then uploading them
80c69vBBzpY-00426-00130905-00131129 as if they were yours you will get
80c69vBBzpY-00427-00131130-00131363 dinged on your copyright and if you get
80c69vBBzpY-00428-00131364-00131636 several violations they can shut down
80c69vBBzpY-00429-00131637-00132029 your channel they also will take a look
80c69vBBzpY-00430-00132030-00132245 at your community guidelines so for
80c69vBBzpY-00431-00132246-00132785 instance are you does your content is it
80c69vBBzpY-00432-00132786-00133061 is it clean is it accessible for
80c69vBBzpY-00433-00133062-00133222 children and you too
80c69vBBzpY-00434-00133223-00133470 has been making a lot more effort to
80c69vBBzpY-00435-00133471-00133771 make sure that content are making a
80c69vBBzpY-00436-00133772-00133987 distinction between what children can
80c69vBBzpY-00437-00133988-00134206 see and what children cannot see and
80c69vBBzpY-00438-00134207-00134650 then also there's more more information
80c69vBBzpY-00439-00134651-00134881 about monetization and live streaming
80c69vBBzpY-00440-00134882-00135181 and embedding live streams so this is
80c69vBBzpY-00441-00135182-00135390 the stuff that you could take a look at
80c69vBBzpY-00442-00135391-00135673 when you go into maybe the YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00443-00135674-00135961 creator channel the YouTube creator
80c69vBBzpY-00444-00135962-00136222 channel basically tells you all about
80c69vBBzpY-00445-00136223-00136582 creating the channels on YouTube gives
80c69vBBzpY-00446-00136583-00136843 you a lot more help talks about
80c69vBBzpY-00447-00136844-00137164 monetization talks about creating custom
80c69vBBzpY-00448-00137165-00137389 thumbnails and things like that so
80c69vBBzpY-00449-00137390-00137578 please take a look at this on your own
80c69vBBzpY-00450-00137579-00137970 time
80c69vBBzpY-00451-00137971-00138247 upload low default so if you're going to
80c69vBBzpY-00452-00138248-00138565 be uploading videos you want it G what
80c69vBBzpY-00453-00138566-00138772 do you want your privacy setting to be
80c69vBBzpY-00454-00138773-00139093 automatically you can change you can
80c69vBBzpY-00455-00139094-00139381 make them private so only you can see
80c69vBBzpY-00456-00139382-00139629 them you can make them unlisted so the
80c69vBBzpY-00457-00139630-00139903 people only the people you share the
80c69vBBzpY-00458-00139904-00140182 links with directly can see them or you
80c69vBBzpY-00459-00140183-00140365 can make them public that's totally up
80c69vBBzpY-00460-00140366-00140599 to you you always want to choose the
80c69vBBzpY-00461-00140600-00140764 category so for instance when I
80c69vBBzpY-00462-00140765-00140938 initially started doing citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-00463-00140939-00141169 everything was being uploaded to comedy
80c69vBBzpY-00464-00141170-00141319 which I have no idea why that was
80c69vBBzpY-00465-00141320-00141601 happening and with licensing you can
80c69vBBzpY-00466-00141602-00141832 create standard YouTube license seeing
80c69vBBzpY-00467-00141833-00142096 or creative commons you want to do
80c69vBBzpY-00468-00142097-00142536 standard YouTube license if somebody
80c69vBBzpY-00469-00142537-00142810 uses your content so for instance they
80c69vBBzpY-00470-00142811-00143119 take one of your videos download it to
80c69vBBzpY-00471-00143120-00143452 their their their computer and then
80c69vBBzpY-00472-00143453-00143697 upload it again as if it was their own
80c69vBBzpY-00473-00143698-00144153 content if you have a standard YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00474-00144154-00144465 license you have recourse to YouTube to
80c69vBBzpY-00475-00144466-00144631 tell them to take it down
80c69vBBzpY-00476-00144632-00144952 so YouTube would contact those people
80c69vBBzpY-00477-00144953-00145249 who violated your copyright you're not
80c69vBBzpY-00478-00145250-00145561 the person who is contacting them to say
80c69vBBzpY-00479-00145562-00145876 that hey you violated my copyright with
80c69vBBzpY-00480-00145877-00146113 Creative Commons I'm not so sure there's
80c69vBBzpY-00481-00146114-00146328 certain aspects of Creative Commons that
80c69vBBzpY-00482-00146329-00146596 you can choose that
80c69vBBzpY-00483-00146597-00146755 people can reuse them and things like
80c69vBBzpY-00484-00146756-00147007 that so I basically have stuck with
80c69vBBzpY-00485-00147008-00147642 standard you standard YouTube license
80c69vBBzpY-00486-00147643-00147895 uncheck for our two advertisements you
80c69vBBzpY-00487-00147896-00148060 got to make your own decisions about
80c69vBBzpY-00488-00148061-00148255 advertising but this one's really
80c69vBBzpY-00489-00148256-00148669 important key channel keywords education
80c69vBBzpY-00490-00148670-00149271 ESL e ll literacy adult edu ed tech
80c69vBBzpY-00491-00149272-00149631 Adult Basic Education
80c69vBBzpY-00492-00149632-00149824 what is that vote
80c69vBBzpY-00493-00149825-00150187 bo tech vessel all those channel were
80c69vBBzpY-00494-00150188-00150436 two keywords are going to make it easier
80c69vBBzpY-00495-00150437-00150682 for your students to find you and for
80c69vBBzpY-00496-00150683-00150931 other students other programs to find
80c69vBBzpY-00497-00150932-00151279 you as well you learn a lot from taking
80c69vBBzpY-00498-00151280-00151612 a look at other schools webs other
80c69vBBzpY-00499-00151613-00152074 schools YouTube channels okay and make
80c69vBBzpY-00500-00152075-00152382 sure you add your own website as well so
80c69vBBzpY-00501-00152383-00152665 finally after all that setting up we're
80c69vBBzpY-00502-00152666-00153183 going to start adding some videos okay
80c69vBBzpY-00503-00153184-00153567 so what are the things you have to do is
80c69vBBzpY-00504-00153568-00153877 with uploads this is your own content
80c69vBBzpY-00505-00153878-00154120 but when you get down to playlist this
80c69vBBzpY-00506-00154121-00154384 is organized content for your channel
80c69vBBzpY-00507-00154385-00154774 and from other channels so let's talk
80c69vBBzpY-00508-00154775-00154981 about created playlists versus say
80c69vBBzpY-00509-00154982-00155299 playlists created playlists have been
80c69vBBzpY-00510-00155300-00155626 chosen videos organized by topic so the
80c69vBBzpY-00511-00155627-00155923 first one on the top up here when I
80c69vBBzpY-00512-00155924-00156256 originally was doing the ESL plateless I
80c69vBBzpY-00513-00156257-00156628 have created playlists a couple from VOA
80c69vBBzpY-00514-00156629-00157023 learning English I have a couple play
80c69vBBzpY-00515-00157024-00157546 videos from ESL jobs and then I have six
80c69vBBzpY-00516-00157547-00158017 videos from that I've called ESL basics
80c69vBBzpY-00517-00158018-00158335 and the ESL basic ones contain videos
80c69vBBzpY-00518-00158336-00158596 from all sorts of different content
80c69vBBzpY-00519-00158597-00159004 areas on the SAV playlist on the bottom
80c69vBBzpY-00520-00159005-00159310 I've basically imported or saved
80c69vBBzpY-00521-00159311-00159580 playlists that have already been created
80c69vBBzpY-00522-00159581-00159841 from several different groups so for
80c69vBBzpY-00523-00159842-00159950 instance I have
80c69vBBzpY-00524-00159951-00160283 one about grammar from mark Kulik I have
80c69vBBzpY-00525-00160284-00160475 another one about food and drinks from
80c69vBBzpY-00526-00160476-00160874 Mark Ulik I'm one about ESL homes from
80c69vBBzpY-00527-00160875-00161186 mark and then I have a really great
80c69vBBzpY-00528-00161187-00161384 playlist from Jennifer or lessons for
80c69vBBzpY-00529-00161385-00161807 beginners is there a question is it okay
80c69vBBzpY-00530-00161808-00162149 to go on well I'm not sure we you
80c69vBBzpY-00531-00162150-00162397 covered livestream can you have like
80c69vBBzpY-00532-00162398-00162725 livestream yeah I'm not I'm not that
80c69vBBzpY-00533-00162726-00162941 familiar with livestream I only done a
80c69vBBzpY-00534-00162942-00163331 couple the life I'm gonna show you an
80c69vBBzpY-00535-00163332-00163637 example of one YouTube channel where the
80c69vBBzpY-00536-00163638-00164071 teachers are basically live-streaming on
80c69vBBzpY-00537-00164072-00164420 I'm not sure if their front ending faith
80c69vBBzpY-00538-00164421-00164642 Facebook well I think it they're
80c69vBBzpY-00539-00164643-00165073 basically live streaming to on Facebook
80c69vBBzpY-00540-00165074-00165350 then they're downloading the video and
80c69vBBzpY-00541-00165351-00165614 then uploading it to YouTube so if the
80c69vBBzpY-00542-00165615-00165797 person can hold on and I would share
80c69vBBzpY-00543-00165798-00166148 that with them later on okay okay the
80c69vBBzpY-00544-00166149-00166370 other thing is is that because I have
80c69vBBzpY-00545-00166371-00166616 done live streams so infrequently it
80c69vBBzpY-00546-00166617-00166796 would be really better forced them to
80c69vBBzpY-00547-00166797-00167015 take a look at the YouTube help on that
80c69vBBzpY-00548-00167016-00167341 one okay okay there was a question about
80c69vBBzpY-00549-00167342-00167906 the unlisted video yeah somebody did
80c69vBBzpY-00550-00167907-00168164 that and they sent the link to their
80c69vBBzpY-00551-00168165-00168314 students and their students still
80c69vBBzpY-00552-00168315-00168469 couldn't watch it
80c69vBBzpY-00553-00168470-00168908 unless unlisted did the student
80c69vBBzpY-00554-00168909-00169070 absolutely click that video
80c69vBBzpY-00555-00169071-00169349 I mean click that link a lot of
80c69vBBzpY-00556-00169350-00169742 variables aren't there yeah okay so it
80c69vBBzpY-00557-00169743-00170021 has to be that they have to there I
80c69vBBzpY-00558-00170022-00170306 think that what might have happened is
80c69vBBzpY-00559-00170307-00170483 the student might be on your YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-00560-00170484-00170642 channel they say his teacher I can't see
80c69vBBzpY-00561-00170643-00170894 the video the student is going to have
80c69vBBzpY-00562-00170895-00171092 to click the link that you sent them
80c69vBBzpY-00563-00171093-00171218 they're not going to see that
80c69vBBzpY-00564-00171219-00171425 automatically if they just go to your
80c69vBBzpY-00565-00171426-00171818 YouTube channel so the easiest way for
80c69vBBzpY-00566-00171819-00172346 me that I share or be to time at two
80c69vBBzpY-00567-00172347-00172559 different ways a lot of times I'm on the
80c69vBBzpY-00568-00172560-00172751 video I'm going to share the link with
80c69vBBzpY-00569-00172752-00172937 the person I can send it to them through
80c69vBBzpY-00570-00172938-00173225 the email or a context to them
80c69vBBzpY-00571-00173226-00173363 and I'm gonna show you about how to
80c69vBBzpY-00572-00173364-00173666 share the URL and a couple slides from
80c69vBBzpY-00573-00173667-00173912 now okay this I don't is that all right
80c69vBBzpY-00574-00173913-00174398 I think we're good okay good okay so
80c69vBBzpY-00575-00174399-00174623 you're looking for this really great add
80c69vBBzpY-00576-00174624-00174968 to icon so of course everybody knows the
80c69vBBzpY-00577-00174969-00175355 plus but people don't probably are not
80c69vBBzpY-00578-00175356-00175846 familiar with the it's not a hamburger
80c69vBBzpY-00579-00175847-00176120 it's basically trying to show you a
80c69vBBzpY-00580-00176121-00176420 playlist so it's video one busier to
80c69vBBzpY-00581-00176421-00176699 video three and you're adding a plus
80c69vBBzpY-00582-00176700-00176897 this is basically saying you're adding
80c69vBBzpY-00583-00176898-00177092 the playlist you're not just adding one
80c69vBBzpY-00584-00177093-00177340 video you're adding an entire playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00585-00177341-00177641 so what you're going to do is you want
80c69vBBzpY-00586-00177642-00177833 to start with the video you want in the
80c69vBBzpY-00587-00177834-00178133 playlist under video you want to click
80c69vBBzpY-00588-00178134-00178505 Add to icon you want there's going to be
80c69vBBzpY-00589-00178506-00178784 several choices for you to come up that
80c69vBBzpY-00590-00178785-00179072 will come up first one is to be watch
80c69vBBzpY-00591-00179073-00179474 later so you may want to view this video
80c69vBBzpY-00592-00179475-00179867 for yourself later phase that is an old
80c69vBBzpY-00593-00179868-00180161 playlist from YouTube I don't think
80c69vBBzpY-00594-00180162-00180332 that's an option anymore I should really
80c69vBBzpY-00595-00180333-00180776 remove it playlist that you've already
80c69vBBzpY-00596-00180777-00180956 created for instance I've already
80c69vBBzpY-00597-00180957-00181205 created the ESL basics clear list so I
80c69vBBzpY-00598-00181206-00181496 could add that video to that playlist or
80c69vBBzpY-00599-00181497-00181757 the last one would be create a new
80c69vBBzpY-00600-00181758-00182000 playlist and you click that and you can
80c69vBBzpY-00601-00182001-00182414 type in the name of the playlist if you
80c69vBBzpY-00602-00182415-00182642 create a new playlist you have to enter
80c69vBBzpY-00603-00182643-00182945 the playlist name and of course you can
80c69vBBzpY-00604-00182946-00183266 change that playlist name later on you
80c69vBBzpY-00605-00183267-00183518 can use the drop-down box to select your
80c69vBBzpY-00606-00183519-00183788 playlist privacy setting if it's private
80c69vBBzpY-00607-00183789-00184262 only you can view the playlist and let's
80c69vBBzpY-00608-00184263-00184616 see unlisted playlist hopefully we can
80c69vBBzpY-00609-00184617-00184757 we'll have enough time that I can
80c69vBBzpY-00610-00184758-00185710 demonstrate that
80c69vBBzpY-00611-00185711-00186147 okay and let me see and then you click
80c69vBBzpY-00612-00186148-00186677 create so here I am create a playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00613-00186678-00186872 this question has come up a couple times
80c69vBBzpY-00614-00186873-00187226 I'm sorry when you create a playlist the
80c69vBBzpY-00615-00187227-00187484 video is added to that playlist if they
80c69vBBzpY-00616-00187485-00187809 aren't yours but you added them to your
80c69vBBzpY-00617-00187810-00188232 playlist do they become your videos it's
80c69vBBzpY-00618-00188233-00188573 as if you're creating an alias of visual
80c69vBBzpY-00619-00188574-00188915 alias from that website so I'm going to
80c69vBBzpY-00620-00188916-00189168 be showing that right now okay so here's
80c69vBBzpY-00621-00189169-00189635 one from learning chocolate and either
80c69vBBzpY-00622-00189636-00189984 be adding it to my playlist ESL basics
80c69vBBzpY-00623-00189985-00190257 the video stays on the learning
80c69vBBzpY-00624-00190258-00190797 chocolate YouTube channel but it's going
80c69vBBzpY-00625-00190798-00191157 to a Lea sup it is going to appear on my
80c69vBBzpY-00626-00191158-00191561 channel when my students click on that
80c69vBBzpY-00627-00191562-00191847 that video I'm not getting the financial
80c69vBBzpY-00628-00191848-00192062 credit for it I'm not getting the views
80c69vBBzpY-00629-00192063-00192275 learning chocolate is getting in the
80c69vBBzpY-00630-00192276-00192716 view so I'm not violating copyright at
80c69vBBzpY-00631-00192717-00193064 all I'm simply creating something like a
80c69vBBzpY-00632-00193065-00193478 visual alias to that that YouTube video
80c69vBBzpY-00633-00193479-00193821 is that is that okay is that appropriate
80c69vBBzpY-00634-00193822-00194046 I think it's a perfect description but
80c69vBBzpY-00635-00194047-00194500 I'm a techie so okay what's an alias and
80c69vBBzpY-00636-00194501-00194868 is basically saying if I give you the
80c69vBBzpY-00637-00194869-00195173 URL these names and numbers and
80c69vBBzpY-00638-00195174-00195350 addresses are not going to make a mean
80c69vBBzpY-00639-00195351-00195594 anything you but if I give you a picture
80c69vBBzpY-00640-00195595-00195776 and say click here so you can watch
80c69vBBzpY-00641-00195777-00196037 something about numbers you're like okay
80c69vBBzpY-00642-00196038-00196221 that's what I want to do I'm not
80c69vBBzpY-00643-00196222-00196379 interested in those numbers and
80c69vBBzpY-00644-00196380-00196545 addresses and everything like that I
80c69vBBzpY-00645-00196546-00196826 just want to learn more English okay so
80c69vBBzpY-00646-00196827-00197177 here you're basically creating a picture
80c69vBBzpY-00647-00197178-00197510 and a link behind the picture that's
80c69vBBzpY-00648-00197511-00197699 going to take you to the right video to
80c69vBBzpY-00649-00197700-00197951 take it to watch is that is that a
80c69vBBzpY-00650-00197952-00198137 little bit better I think that got it
80c69vBBzpY-00651-00198138-00198301 yes okay
80c69vBBzpY-00652-00198302-00198500 can you think about a better way to
80c69vBBzpY-00653-00198501-00198714 explain that
80c69vBBzpY-00654-00198715-00198952 yeah I think people are worried about
80c69vBBzpY-00655-00198953-00199319 copyright so you know if you're creating
80c69vBBzpY-00656-00199320-00199729 a book list and one of the books that
80c69vBBzpY-00657-00199730-00200110 you list is a Christmas carol my
80c69vBBzpY-00658-00200111-00200359 favorite book I did not write that I
80c69vBBzpY-00659-00200360-00200704 have it in my playlist but Charles
80c69vBBzpY-00660-00200705-00200914 Dickens gets the credit for it
80c69vBBzpY-00661-00200915-00201100 and if he was still alive he'd be
80c69vBBzpY-00662-00201101-00201274 getting the money for it if it was a
80c69vBBzpY-00663-00201275-00201628 YouTube video so you can add your own
80c69vBBzpY-00664-00201629-00202084 videos to your playlist and then you
80c69vBBzpY-00665-00202085-00202216 would put your title
80c69vBBzpY-00666-00202217-00202603 Jennifer's awesome video about
80c69vBBzpY-00667-00202604-00202863 citizenship let's say that was the title
80c69vBBzpY-00668-00202864-00203128 and she created it and she adds it to
80c69vBBzpY-00669-00203129-00203341 the same playlist then she's getting
80c69vBBzpY-00670-00203342-00203503 credit for it okay
80c69vBBzpY-00671-00203504-00203779 so here's here's one because I don't I
80c69vBBzpY-00672-00203780-00204076 really I know some people have problems
80c69vBBzpY-00673-00204077-00204250 with learning chocolate I really like it
80c69vBBzpY-00674-00204251-00204541 and they do have some videos so here is
80c69vBBzpY-00675-00204542-00204988 a video that I want to add to my ESL
80c69vBBzpY-00676-00204989-00205427 basics playlist so I'm gonna I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00677-00205428-00205654 basically right clicking it and then I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00678-00205655-00205960 going to add it and now it's gonna it's
80c69vBBzpY-00679-00205961-00206219 sorry I think I got rid of that that
80c69vBBzpY-00680-00206219-00206501 screen now it's going to be the it's
80c69vBBzpY-00681-00206502-00206773 going to show up or it's going to appear
80c69vBBzpY-00682-00206775-00207373 on my on my channel okay so I don't have
80c69vBBzpY-00683-00207375-00207523 to tell my students go to learning
80c69vBBzpY-00684-00207525-00207796 chocolate learning chocolate is going to
80c69vBBzpY-00685-00207798-00208105 appear on my channels home page that
80c69vBBzpY-00686-00208106-00208354 they simply can click that and go there
80c69vBBzpY-00687-00208355-00208796 immediately I'm going to go on and I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00688-00208796-00209171 going to say well that was a video but I
80c69vBBzpY-00689-00209171-00209563 want to get the whole playlist okay so
80c69vBBzpY-00690-00209564-00209819 here's one from Jennifer ESL that I
80c69vBBzpY-00691-00209819-00210071 really love and it's her new she had a
80c69vBBzpY-00692-00210071-00210505 series one to sixty five more sixty-five
80c69vBBzpY-00693-00210506-00210778 videos about basic English so it's no
80c69vBBzpY-00694-00210779-00210982 scripts nothing they're simply people
80c69vBBzpY-00695-00210983-00211282 are simply talking she's done another
80c69vBBzpY-00696-00211283-00211453 series and I like this series even
80c69vBBzpY-00697-00211454-00211616 better
80c69vBBzpY-00698-00211617-00211946 if I simply click the
80c69vBBzpY-00699-00211946-00212189 though that little like almost hamburger
80c69vBBzpY-00700-00212190-00212441 with the plus sign it would go into my
80c69vBBzpY-00701-00212442-00212750 library but the thing is that the
80c69vBBzpY-00702-00212751-00213019 library is going to appear on my
80c69vBBzpY-00703-00213021-00213733 playlist page on my my my channel my
80c69vBBzpY-00704-00213734-00214151 channel home home my channel I wanted to
80c69vBBzpY-00705-00214152-00214510 appear on the front page so I don't want
80c69vBBzpY-00706-00214511-00214703 my students to go digging through all
80c69vBBzpY-00707-00214704-00214969 these different these different pages to
80c69vBBzpY-00708-00214971-00215209 find something I want them to it to be
80c69vBBzpY-00709-00215210-00215414 up here on the front page so they can
80c69vBBzpY-00710-00215415-00215621 immediately access it and they can't say
80c69vBBzpY-00711-00215621-00215837 to me teacher I can't find it because
80c69vBBzpY-00712-00215838-00217741 you know they'll say that so instead
80c69vBBzpY-00713-00217742-00217960 Jennifer we lose you when you turn away
80c69vBBzpY-00714-00217961-00218138 from the computer okay
80c69vBBzpY-00715-00218139-00218282 I'm sorry about that do you want me to
80c69vBBzpY-00716-00218283-00218804 repeat that I would be happy to yes okay
80c69vBBzpY-00717-00218805-00219673 so one other thing so here is let me see
80c69vBBzpY-00718-00219673-00220115 let me start from the from the far left
80c69vBBzpY-00719-00220116-00220340 to go to the right okay so on the far
80c69vBBzpY-00720-00220341-00220565 left we have the home icon which would
80c69vBBzpY-00721-00220566-00220919 bring us to the YouTube home page we
80c69vBBzpY-00722-00220919-00221150 would have trending which would show the
80c69vBBzpY-00723-00221151-00221417 most popular videos we have
80c69vBBzpY-00724-00221417-00221683 subscriptions that we would show all the
80c69vBBzpY-00725-00221684-00222007 subscriptions that I have subscribed to
80c69vBBzpY-00726-00222008-00222442 vmi my youtube channel and we have
80c69vBBzpY-00727-00222444-00222776 library and library is going to show all
80c69vBBzpY-00728-00222777-00223088 the videos that I have saved and all the
80c69vBBzpY-00729-00223089-00223523 playlists that I have saved however even
80c69vBBzpY-00730-00223523-00223723 if I go and say that stuff and it's in
80c69vBBzpY-00731-00223725-00224044 my library it's not going to be publicly
80c69vBBzpY-00732-00224046-00224467 on the front page of my channel and it's
80c69vBBzpY-00733-00224469-00224828 going to appear several tabs in on my
80c69vBBzpY-00734-00224829-00225133 channel I don't want my students to go
80c69vBBzpY-00735-00225134-00225330 hunting for the videos that I
80c69vBBzpY-00736-00225331-00225617 want them to watch I want that stuff to
80c69vBBzpY-00737-00225619-00225896 appear on the homepage or the front page
80c69vBBzpY-00738-00225898-00226254 of my channel so instead of simply
80c69vBBzpY-00739-00226255-00226569 saving this saving the the video or
80c69vBBzpY-00740-00226569-00226748 saving the channel what I'm going to do
80c69vBBzpY-00741-00226750-00227048 is I'm going to say I'm going to share
80c69vBBzpY-00742-00227048-00227355 share this entire playlist so I don't
80c69vBBzpY-00743-00227356-00227621 have to download anything I simply am
80c69vBBzpY-00744-00227623-00227910 going to grab that URL URL because I
80c69vBBzpY-00745-00227911-00228111 want the playlist to appear on the
80c69vBBzpY-00746-00228112-00228525 channel homepage so all these I think
80c69vBBzpY-00747-00228526-00228927 there's a maybe about 30 more videos
80c69vBBzpY-00748-00228928-00229196 from Jennifer ESL they're going to
80c69vBBzpY-00749-00229198-00229680 appear in a in a playlist on my my home
80c69vBBzpY-00750-00229681-00230082 page how do I do that I am going to
80c69vBBzpY-00751-00230083-00230448 basically so excuse me I basically click
80c69vBBzpY-00752-00230448-00230871 this share button and now this is going
80c69vBBzpY-00753-00230871-00231219 to appear it's going to say do I want to
80c69vBBzpY-00754-00231219-00231621 embed the the playlist no I don't want
80c69vBBzpY-00755-00231621-00231821 to do that do I want to share it to
80c69vBBzpY-00756-00231823-00231994 Facebook I do not want to do that
80c69vBBzpY-00757-00231996-00232389 Twitter or blogger or tumblr no I don't
80c69vBBzpY-00758-00232390-00232571 want to do this what I want to do is
80c69vBBzpY-00759-00232573-00232948 copy the link so copy the link is
80c69vBBzpY-00760-00232950-00233246 basically saying that this is the page
80c69vBBzpY-00761-00233246-00233613 where all these videos from Jennifer or
80c69vBBzpY-00762-00233614-00234150 ESL live I copy it and now what I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00763-00234151-00234417 doing is I'm going back to my channel
80c69vBBzpY-00764-00234417-00234654 and I'm going to clip customize the
80c69vBBzpY-00765-00234655-00235032 channel so when I can't click customize
80c69vBBzpY-00766-00235033-00235338 the channel what I'm going to do is
80c69vBBzpY-00767-00235339-00235644 scroll to the bottom sorry let me let me
80c69vBBzpY-00768-00235644-00235878 go back I'm gonna scroll to the bottom
80c69vBBzpY-00769-00235879-00236328 of my page so here's my my welcome page
80c69vBBzpY-00770-00236329-00236723 I have some more videos here I'm going
80c69vBBzpY-00771-00236725-00236916 to basically scroll to the bottom of
80c69vBBzpY-00772-00236917-00237167 that page and it's gonna there's going
80c69vBBzpY-00773-00237169-00237567 to appear add a section I want to add a
80c69vBBzpY-00774-00237567-00238019 new playlist and what kind of playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00775-00238021-00238269 do I want to add I want to select the
80c69vBBzpY-00776-00238269-00238539 content and define what the type of
80c69vBBzpY-00777-00238540-00238725 playlist is it going to be
80c69vBBzpY-00778-00238726-00239015 it's going to be a single playlist and
80c69vBBzpY-00779-00239016-00239369 I'm going to select content I wanted to
80c69vBBzpY-00780-00239371-00239688 appear in a horizontal role if it's a
80c69vBBzpY-00781-00239689-00239913 vertical role it might scroll to the
80c69vBBzpY-00782-00239914-00240158 bottom of the page I want to appear in a
80c69vBBzpY-00783-00240159-00240569 horizontal room next number three I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00784-00240571-00240842 going to enter the playlist URL so this
80c69vBBzpY-00785-00240844-00241275 is where I can put in that that URL that
80c69vBBzpY-00786-00241276-00241626 I just copied from Jennifer ESL and I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00787-00241627-00241898 going to click add and then done it's
80c69vBBzpY-00788-00241900-00242417 everybody ok so far on that looks like
80c69vBBzpY-00789-00242419-00242826 it it's we're gonna add the section I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00790-00242827-00243177 gonna talk about the content I'm gonna
80c69vBBzpY-00791-00243178-00243480 add the year L I'm gonna click done and
80c69vBBzpY-00792-00243481-00244050 now Jennifer Jennifer ESL playlist now
80c69vBBzpY-00793-00244051-00244553 appears on the front page of my my
80c69vBBzpY-00794-00244554-00244755 channel homepage
80c69vBBzpY-00795-00244756-00245148 however it's at the very very bottom of
80c69vBBzpY-00796-00245148-00245381 the page and my students will get lost
80c69vBBzpY-00797-00245382-00245673 if you were simply viewers on that page
80c69vBBzpY-00798-00245673-00246063 so what I'm gonna do is up here you see
80c69vBBzpY-00799-00246064-00246291 the little pencil mark that means edit
80c69vBBzpY-00800-00246292-00246594 and you have the little arrow I can move
80c69vBBzpY-00801-00246594-00246931 this from the bottom of this page to
80c69vBBzpY-00802-00246932-00247256 almost the top so the first video
80c69vBBzpY-00803-00247257-00247544 they're going to see this is welcome to
80c69vBBzpY-00804-00247546-00247929 my home my Maya web page you're going to
80c69vBBzpY-00805-00247930-00248250 see the first 65 videos from Jennifer
80c69vBBzpY-00806-00248251-00248541 ESL but then you get to see the second
80c69vBBzpY-00807-00248542-00248810 series so the students after they go
80c69vBBzpY-00808-00248811-00249032 through these videos they're going to be
80c69vBBzpY-00809-00249033-00249344 pretty good with conversations so here
80c69vBBzpY-00810-00249346-00249635 again I'd move this the Jennifer ESL
80c69vBBzpY-00811-00249636-00249983 chat the playlist from the very very
80c69vBBzpY-00812-00249984-00250334 bottom of my channel homepage and now
80c69vBBzpY-00813-00250335-00250701 it's out of the appropriate place so my
80c69vBBzpY-00814-00250702-00250998 students can now find it Jennifer could
80c69vBBzpY-00815-00250998-00251381 you go over the horizontal Joe again
80c69vBBzpY-00816-00251382-00252311 thank you
80c69vBBzpY-00817-00252312-00253056 you know so here there's the content
80c69vBBzpY-00818-00253057-00253296 that's the single playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00819-00253296-00253842 markinson's want it to appear by itself
80c69vBBzpY-00820-00253842-00254253 I don't want to appear with learning
80c69vBBzpY-00821-00254254-00254433 chocolate stuff I don't want it to
80c69vBBzpY-00822-00254434-00254787 appear with scuse me here's a good
80c69vBBzpY-00823-00254788-00255153 example of multiple playlists I don't
80c69vBBzpY-00824-00255154-00255704 want to appear in this series itself
80c69vBBzpY-00825-00255705-00256173 does that make sense we got it so this
80c69vBBzpY-00826-00256173-00256419 is plans could you go into the pencil
80c69vBBzpY-00827-00256419-00256764 one more time moving it up okay so this
80c69vBBzpY-00828-00256765-00257115 is the the single playlist it's
80c69vBBzpY-00829-00257116-00257526 horizontal it's not vertical now up here
80c69vBBzpY-00830-00257527-00257792 we have the edit and when I talk about
80c69vBBzpY-00831-00257792-00258309 when this the arrow is the thing that's
80c69vBBzpY-00832-00258310-00258516 going to move it it's going to move it
80c69vBBzpY-00833-00258517-00258896 step-by-step up the page if I want to
80c69vBBzpY-00834-00258898-00259092 edit this this means I could basically
80c69vBBzpY-00835-00259092-00259332 add some information or I could even
80c69vBBzpY-00836-00259333-00259533 change this playlist I don't want to do
80c69vBBzpY-00837-00259534-00260039 this I wanted to move by the arrow okay
80c69vBBzpY-00838-00260040-00260423 I think so and remember to face the
80c69vBBzpY-00839-00260425-00261231 computer so yes so again I want to so I
80c69vBBzpY-00840-00261232-00261509 made a mistake I should not be
80c69vBBzpY-00841-00261510-00261759 highlighting both of these icons these
80c69vBBzpY-00842-00261760-00262077 are two separate icons this one the
80c69vBBzpY-00843-00262078-00262332 arrow is the the thing that is going to
80c69vBBzpY-00844-00262333-00262712 reposition it on the channel homepage
80c69vBBzpY-00845-00262713-00263088 the pencil is going to be that I can
80c69vBBzpY-00846-00263089-00263274 change it maybe from vertical to
80c69vBBzpY-00847-00263275-00263616 horizontal or maybe I could even change
80c69vBBzpY-00848-00263617-00263934 it to another playlist okay okay so what
80c69vBBzpY-00849-00263935-00264237 is the alternative sending or the
80c69vBBzpY-00850-00264238-00264459 alternative setting command for single
80c69vBBzpY-00851-00264460-00264840 playlist meaning if we do want it to be
80c69vBBzpY-00852-00264841-00265029 in a combined row with other playlists
80c69vBBzpY-00853-00265030-00265446 what do we select multiple playlists
80c69vBBzpY-00854-00265447-00266480 thank you okay here is an example of if
80c69vBBzpY-00855-00266481-00266801 I'm getting ready to embed a playlist so
80c69vBBzpY-00856-00266802-00267114 this means you're not putting it on your
80c69vBBzpY-00857-00267115-00267441 YouTube channel you might be bringing it
80c69vBBzpY-00858-00267442-00267935 into your to kamas you might be bringing
80c69vBBzpY-00859-00267936-00268248 it into Google you might be bringing in
80c69vBBzpY-00860-00268249-00268437 to blogger so what you're doing instead
80c69vBBzpY-00861-00268438-00268671 you're clicking share again and you're
80c69vBBzpY-00862-00268672-00268992 copying and pasting the the embed code
80c69vBBzpY-00863-00268993-00269424 so this is the embed code here one of
80c69vBBzpY-00864-00269425-00269684 the things with videos individual videos
80c69vBBzpY-00865-00269685-00269940 you can start at a particular time so if
80c69vBBzpY-00866-00269941-00270141 you want students to focus on a
80c69vBBzpY-00867-00270142-00270537 particular particularly part of the
80c69vBBzpY-00868-00270538-00270755 video you can basically start it at a
80c69vBBzpY-00869-00270756-00271106 time and so here it is under YouTube and
80c69vBBzpY-00870-00271107-00271457 Jennifer ESL's YouTube channel I've
80c69vBBzpY-00871-00271458-00271695 gotten the embed code and now I put it
80c69vBBzpY-00872-00271696-00272030 into my to my blogger and now it appears
80c69vBBzpY-00873-00272031-00272643 I'm as a blog post so people so like I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00874-00272644-00272817 going to talk a little bit about canvas
80c69vBBzpY-00875-00272818-00273420 and Google classroom and forms a lot of
80c69vBBzpY-00876-00273421-00273663 times you don't need the embed code you
80c69vBBzpY-00877-00273664-00274010 simply need the URL of the video itself
80c69vBBzpY-00878-00274011-00274565 and Google classroom and Google Forms
80c69vBBzpY-00879-00274566-00274878 automatically knows how to to basically
80c69vBBzpY-00880-00274879-00275088 create that embed code and I think
80c69vBBzpY-00881-00275089-00275499 canvas does as well with blogger or with
80c69vBBzpY-00882-00275500-00275727 some other products that I've used you
80c69vBBzpY-00883-00275728-00276015 actually have to grab that embed code so
80c69vBBzpY-00884-00276016-00276288 this is you basically have done the
80c69vBBzpY-00885-00276289-00276707 video here and here you've been based
80c69vBBzpY-00886-00276708-00276966 basically can do instead of just one
80c69vBBzpY-00887-00276967-00277275 video you can do the entire of the
80c69vBBzpY-00888-00277276-00277484 entire playlist and how do you know
80c69vBBzpY-00889-00277485-00277631 you've embedded the entire playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00890-00277632-00277971 you've basically see that little the
80c69vBBzpY-00891-00277972-00278175 hamburger with the arrow that basically
80c69vBBzpY-00892-00278176-00278649 shows that you've embedded the playlist
80c69vBBzpY-00893-00278650-00278995 so I'm ready to go on to talk about
80c69vBBzpY-00894-00278996-00279265 other channel resources is there
80c69vBBzpY-00895-00279266-00279448 anything else that I can talk about
80c69vBBzpY-00896-00279449-00280246 right now or any questions I don't think
80c69vBBzpY-00897-00280247-00280371 so
80c69vBBzpY-00898-00280372-00280669 everyone's watching with bated breath
80c69vBBzpY-00899-00280670-00281200 how's that so when you get your students
80c69vBBzpY-00900-00281201-00281385 you tell them go to youtube and watch my
80c69vBBzpY-00901-00281386-00281665 videos they're like whoa I really like
80c69vBBzpY-00902-00281666-00281845 wall-e I really like that video I think
80c69vBBzpY-00903-00281846-00282004 I want to watch the wall-e video it's
80c69vBBzpY-00904-00282005-00282169 like no don't watch the well a video
80c69vBBzpY-00905-00282170-00282415 it's like but I really like comedy so do
80c69vBBzpY-00906-00282416-00282613 I want to watch channel alley now to
80c69vBBzpY-00907-00282614-00282868 watch the kitchen do I want to want then
80c69vBBzpY-00908-00282869-00283042 to watch baseball I always want people
80c69vBBzpY-00909-00283043-00283230 to watch baseball I think baseball is a
80c69vBBzpY-00910-00283231-00283426 great sport but please do not watch
80c69vBBzpY-00911-00283427-00283683 baseball I want you to write watch the
80c69vBBzpY-00912-00283684-00283870 mark Kulik making friend
80c69vBBzpY-00913-00283871-00284137 okay that's what I want you to do that's
80c69vBBzpY-00914-00284138-00284416 your target so instead of getting my
80c69vBBzpY-00915-00284417-00284610 students to wander all over the place on
80c69vBBzpY-00916-00284611-00284875 YouTube basically I created the channel
80c69vBBzpY-00917-00284876-00285158 to basically have them focus in on the
80c69vBBzpY-00918-00285159-00285568 content they need to be looking at so I
80c69vBBzpY-00919-00285569-00285763 want to talk about some of the resources
80c69vBBzpY-00920-00285764-00286107 I have about 10 resources to share I'm
80c69vBBzpY-00921-00286108-00286252 going to be talking about the different
80c69vBBzpY-00922-00286253-00286294 types
80c69vBBzpY-00923-00286295-00286584 the first one is procreated content and
80c69vBBzpY-00924-00286585-00286731 we have a really good one from
80c69vBBzpY-00925-00286732-00287178 StoryCorps StoryCorps has gone over and
80c69vBBzpY-00926-00287179-00287491 all over the country and done interviews
80c69vBBzpY-00927-00287492-00287781 with with people and then they've taken
80c69vBBzpY-00928-00287782-00288043 these interviews interviews archived
80c69vBBzpY-00929-00288044-00288352 them and then they've taken some of
80c69vBBzpY-00930-00288353-00288723 these interviews and then created visual
80c69vBBzpY-00931-00288724-00288994 stories that go along with them so I
80c69vBBzpY-00932-00288995-00289312 can't recommend this enough I use these
80c69vBBzpY-00933-00289313-00289564 videos with my upper level students
80c69vBBzpY-00934-00289565-00289846 basically to inspire them to talk to
80c69vBBzpY-00935-00289847-00290133 their own to talk to their own elders
80c69vBBzpY-00936-00290134-00290358 and what kind of questions they need to
80c69vBBzpY-00937-00290359-00290655 ask to elicit some really interesting
80c69vBBzpY-00938-00290656-00290995 answers so again created content and
80c69vBBzpY-00939-00290996-00291187 then StoryCorps also has great
80c69vBBzpY-00940-00291188-00291544 supplemental material about on their
80c69vBBzpY-00941-00291545-00291826 website about how to interview people
80c69vBBzpY-00942-00291827-00291940 so again
80c69vBBzpY-00943-00291941-00292426 please take a look at StoryCorps now
80c69vBBzpY-00944-00292427-00292714 student created content we have support
80c69vBBzpY-00945-00292715-00293034 adult IDI and this is a series of videos
80c69vBBzpY-00946-00293035-00293343 created by the students at pima
80c69vBBzpY-00947-00293344-00293662 Community College down in Arizona and
80c69vBBzpY-00948-00293663-00293877 these students have basically
80c69vBBzpY-00949-00293878-00294121 interviewed themselves told their own
80c69vBBzpY-00950-00294122-00294552 stories and basically created use their
80c69vBBzpY-00951-00294553-00294942 own pictures and very rudimentary
80c69vBBzpY-00952-00294943-00295209 editing techniques to create their own
80c69vBBzpY-00953-00295210-00295410 stories so this is really really
80c69vBBzpY-00954-00295411-00295642 inspirational for students again to
80c69vBBzpY-00955-00295643-00296004 watch these very short videos and how
80c69vBBzpY-00956-00296005-00296416 they have how they are able to present
80c69vBBzpY-00957-00296417-00296689 their own stories and a lot of them are
80c69vBBzpY-00958-00296690-00296950 talking about moving out transitioning
80c69vBBzpY-00959-00296951-00297316 from adult ed into Community College or
80c69vBBzpY-00960-00297317-00297688 into better jobs and also to citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-00961-00297689-00297889 so this is a really really good series I
80c69vBBzpY-00962-00297890-00298107 can't recommend it enough and also the
80c69vBBzpY-00963-00298108-00298624 teachers have created a series of lesson
80c69vBBzpY-00964-00298625-00298977 plans to how they created that was their
80c69vBBzpY-00965-00298978-00299488 question they're asking for the links to
80c69vBBzpY-00966-00299489-00299652 all the resources and I'm assuming it's
80c69vBBzpY-00967-00299653-00299845 your handout so folks we're gonna do
80c69vBBzpY-00968-00299846-00300013 that at the end of the presentation it
80c69vBBzpY-00969-00300014-00300480 will all be on the OU 10 website um if
80c69vBBzpY-00970-00300481-00300702 you take a look at if you go to the
80c69vBBzpY-00971-00300703-00301032 support Adult Ed just I'm going to just
80c69vBBzpY-00972-00301033-00301203 say this real quickly if you go to the
80c69vBBzpY-00973-00301204-00301701 support don't Adult Ed channel and you
80c69vBBzpY-00974-00301702-00301980 go to the digital stories link I think
80c69vBBzpY-00975-00301981-00302266 the information is there okay if you
80c69vBBzpY-00976-00302267-00302451 want to simply shortcut this is really
80c69vBBzpY-00977-00302452-00302877 valuable one and then also excuse me
80c69vBBzpY-00978-00302878-00303241 I think Co AB did a special feature with
80c69vBBzpY-00979-00303242-00303571 these people with the the school last
80c69vBBzpY-00980-00303572-00303922 year for for the coop national
80c69vBBzpY-00981-00303923-00304246 conference Adult Basic Skills learner
80c69vBBzpY-00982-00304247-00304668 for my money GC there GC learn free.org
80c69vBBzpY-00983-00304669-00304972 is really great for adult basic skills
80c69vBBzpY-00984-00304973-00305232 of course they have their supplementary
80c69vBBzpY-00985-00305233-00305301 or they
80c69vBBzpY-00986-00305302-00305747 there there there website which is
80c69vBBzpY-00987-00305748-00305997 adding more languages so they're adding
80c69vBBzpY-00988-00305998-00306246 more Spanish content more Portuguese
80c69vBBzpY-00989-00306247-00306516 content more Arabic content but they
80c69vBBzpY-00990-00306517-00306678 have they have some really great
80c69vBBzpY-00991-00306679-00307116 playlists specifically about career work
80c69vBBzpY-00992-00307117-00307470 skills soft skills searching for a job
80c69vBBzpY-00993-00307471-00307770 all sorts of things so again adult basic
80c69vBBzpY-00994-00307771-00307995 skills learner they really need to check
80c69vBBzpY-00995-00307996-00308592 out GC learn free.org and also on the
80c69vBBzpY-00996-00308593-00309039 website they have self-paced courses
80c69vBBzpY-00997-00309040-00309326 that they can study these things online
80c69vBBzpY-00998-00309327-00310245 these topics online for workforce skills
80c69vBBzpY-00999-00310246-00310687 I want to recommend to two really great
80c69vBBzpY-01000-00310688-00310755 sites
80c69vBBzpY-01001-00310756-00311235 the first one is career onestop and
80c69vBBzpY-01002-00311236-00311726 career onestop has hundreds of videos
80c69vBBzpY-01003-00311727-00312015 related that they use on their own on
80c69vBBzpY-01004-00312016-00312333 their own website they've been organized
80c69vBBzpY-01005-00312334-00312567 into playlists so students are like well
80c69vBBzpY-01006-00312568-00312753 I'm really interested in health services
80c69vBBzpY-01007-00312754-00313059 but I don't know which which one would
80c69vBBzpY-01008-00313060-00313312 be the right video for me these videos
80c69vBBzpY-01009-00313313-00313503 are about a minute long and they
80c69vBBzpY-01010-00313504-00313830 basically talk about the education the
80c69vBBzpY-01011-00313831-00314115 background the expectation and in some
80c69vBBzpY-01012-00314116-00314445 instances the pay scale of each one of
80c69vBBzpY-01013-00314446-00314882 these different different career choices
80c69vBBzpY-01014-00314883-00315105 so this is really going to be
80c69vBBzpY-01015-00315106-00315603 appropriate for El civics or for adult
80c69vBBzpY-01016-00315604-00315801 basic skills when they're trying to look
80c69vBBzpY-01017-00315802-00316227 at workforce skills also Khan Academy
80c69vBBzpY-01018-00316228-00316489 did it really did a whole separate
80c69vBBzpY-01019-00316490-00316656 Channel about career and personal
80c69vBBzpY-01020-00316657-00316941 finance and so those have been really
80c69vBBzpY-01021-00316942-00317188 really good so taking a look at those
80c69vBBzpY-01022-00317189-00317496 videos and seeing what the expectations
80c69vBBzpY-01023-00317497-00317907 are about about careers and personal
80c69vBBzpY-01024-00317908-00318057 finance are going to be really super
80c69vBBzpY-01025-00318058-00318294 important especially right now some
80c69vBBzpY-01026-00318295-00318570 people are really contemplating what's
80c69vBBzpY-01027-00318571-00318676 going to happen with the
80c69vBBzpY-01028-00318677-00318952 economy and what kind of careers are
80c69vBBzpY-01029-00318953-00319528 going to be emerging at postcode 19 dual
80c69vBBzpY-01030-00319529-00319795 learning so for my money American
80c69vBBzpY-01031-00319796-00320056 English eight so this is the parent
80c69vBBzpY-01032-00320057-00320410 company or the parent organization of
80c69vBBzpY-01033-00320411-00320677 VOA and boa learning English
80c69vBBzpY-01034-00320678-00320956 not only do they have videos for
80c69vBBzpY-01035-00320957-00321277 students they have videos also for
80c69vBBzpY-01036-00321278-00321523 teachers so for instance here's a video
80c69vBBzpY-01037-00321524-00321826 for student what types of new technology
80c69vBBzpY-01038-00321827-00322474 do you like to use so there there's
80c69vBBzpY-01039-00322475-00322837 going to be video about American English
80c69vBBzpY-01040-00322838-00323089 resources so this is not only for the
80c69vBBzpY-01041-00323090-00323338 student but also the teacher as well so
80c69vBBzpY-01042-00323339-00323542 sometimes they need to bring more
80c69vBBzpY-01043-00323543-00323836 technology into their class there is
80c69vBBzpY-01044-00323837-00324124 going to be information about how to use
80c69vBBzpY-01045-00324125-00324355 gerunds and infinitives and I know that
80c69vBBzpY-01046-00324356-00324523 that was something that we would teach
80c69vBBzpY-01047-00324524-00325000 an ESL free and sometimes it's even
80c69vBBzpY-01048-00325001-00325291 introduced in ESL to about what's the
80c69vBBzpY-01049-00325292-00325447 difference between a gerund and an
80c69vBBzpY-01050-00325448-00325699 infinitive and then they have live
80c69vBBzpY-01051-00325700-00325924 streams where they're basically teaching
80c69vBBzpY-01052-00325925-00326320 teachers how to teach vocabulary they
80c69vBBzpY-01053-00326321-00326752 also did a various interesting series on
80c69vBBzpY-01054-00326753-00327052 journalism and this really pairs up
80c69vBBzpY-01055-00327053-00327327 really well with VOA learning English
80c69vBBzpY-01056-00327328-00327865 that they did a series on on news
80c69vBBzpY-01057-00327866-00328171 literacy so talking about students
80c69vBBzpY-01058-00328172-00328458 developing a student newspaper or
80c69vBBzpY-01059-00328459-00328762 contributing to their local papers or
80c69vBBzpY-01060-00328763-00329086 even creating online or contributing to
80c69vBBzpY-01061-00329087-00329491 online news sources it's going to be
80c69vBBzpY-01062-00329492-00329770 really really important to get authentic
80c69vBBzpY-01063-00329771-00329992 information and to develop students
80c69vBBzpY-01064-00329993-00330552 voices of leadership for my lower level
80c69vBBzpY-01065-00330553-00330904 Lunars I really like mark yulik and
80c69vBBzpY-01066-00330905-00331126 initially I thought this is really a
80c69vBBzpY-01067-00331127-00331468 dumb channel because it's slow it's
80c69vBBzpY-01068-00331469-00331585 repetitive
80c69vBBzpY-01069-00331586-00331921 there's music it's cartoons and exactly
80c69vBBzpY-01070-00331922-00331988 the reason
80c69vBBzpY-01071-00331989-00332200 why I didn't like the videos were
80c69vBBzpY-01072-00332201-00332417 exactly the reasons why my students
80c69vBBzpY-01073-00332418-00332642 liked the videos because they were the
80c69vBBzpY-01074-00332643-00332900 only videos that my students would
80c69vBBzpY-01075-00332901-00333160 actually whisper a longer talk along
80c69vBBzpY-01076-00333161-00333409 with so they would go slow enough that
80c69vBBzpY-01077-00333410-00333650 my students could actually repeat after
80c69vBBzpY-01078-00333651-00334019 mark he's not only doing these short
80c69vBBzpY-01079-00334020-00334322 videos but he's also doing live streams
80c69vBBzpY-01080-00334323-00334700 and also videos about how to teach this
80c69vBBzpY-01081-00334701-00335000 kind of content so there's a lots of
80c69vBBzpY-01082-00335001-00335492 variety on his website about for low
80c69vBBzpY-01083-00335493-00335765 level students and for teachers how to
80c69vBBzpY-01084-00335766-00336113 teach vocabulary and also for some
80c69vBBzpY-01085-00336114-00336392 intermediate students baby to basically
80c69vBBzpY-01086-00336393-00336655 watch his live streams and so they can
80c69vBBzpY-01087-00336656-00337043 level up on their own their own speaking
80c69vBBzpY-01088-00337044-00337551 abilities as well so simple graphics
80c69vBBzpY-01089-00337552-00337895 repetitive repetition the patterns but
80c69vBBzpY-01090-00337896-00338083 it's very very successful and I've
80c69vBBzpY-01091-00338084-00338251 really seen improvements with my
80c69vBBzpY-01092-00338252-00338455 students learning work learning with
80c69vBBzpY-01093-00338456-00338881 mark Killick for intermediate English
80c69vBBzpY-01094-00338882-00339100 language learners I really like seven
80c69vBBzpY-01095-00339101-00339559 ESL and they hadn't I'm sorry I'm going
80c69vBBzpY-01096-00339560-00339801 to forget the the I think it's idioms
80c69vBBzpY-01097-00339802-00340190 calm or something to that effect but
80c69vBBzpY-01098-00340191-00340499 they have basically charts where these
80c69vBBzpY-01099-00340500-00340688 are again very slow moving but the
80c69vBBzpY-01100-00340689-00340919 students can follow along and basically
80c69vBBzpY-01101-00340920-00341179 learn English vocabulary or learn
80c69vBBzpY-01102-00341180-00341666 grammar points they have or they work on
80c69vBBzpY-01103-00341667-00341935 pronunciation or they do things about
80c69vBBzpY-01104-00341936-00342488 business 7 ESL is a really great YouTube
80c69vBBzpY-01105-00342489-00343306 website - from oh - - from boa so
80c69vBBzpY-01106-00343307-00343565 there's VOA news and VOA learning
80c69vBBzpY-01107-00343566-00344138 English so VOA news has currently has a
80c69vBBzpY-01108-00344139-00344404 really good series or several good
80c69vBBzpY-01109-00344405-00344768 playlist on Koba 19 so those have been
80c69vBBzpY-01110-00344769-00344980 really good for my lower level students
80c69vBBzpY-01111-00344981-00345157 that there's not a lot of words to
80c69vBBzpY-01112-00345158-00345374 distract them but they're able to Jen
80c69vBBzpY-01113-00345375-00345719 a lot of content from simply describing
80c69vBBzpY-01114-00345720-00345989 what they're seeing on the video so
80c69vBBzpY-01115-00345990-00346187 that's been very effective for my own
80c69vBBzpY-01116-00346188-00346595 for my own low level students VOA
80c69vBBzpY-01117-00346596-00346889 learning English is all sorry VOA
80c69vBBzpY-01118-00346890-00347285 learning English has grammar TV they
80c69vBBzpY-01119-00347286-00347507 have playlists related to the American
80c69vBBzpY-01120-00347508-00347795 presidents so really great for your
80c69vBBzpY-01121-00347796-00348038 lower level language learners for your
80c69vBBzpY-01122-00348039-00348311 upper learner upper level learners take
80c69vBBzpY-01123-00348312-00348520 a look at VOA news which is
80c69vBBzpY-01124-00348521-00348755 up-to-the-minute information from all
80c69vBBzpY-01125-00348756-00348992 over world over the world about what's
80c69vBBzpY-01126-00348993-00349241 happening aspect especially nowadays
80c69vBBzpY-01127-00349242-00349487 with koban 19 and some of the
80c69vBBzpY-01128-00349488-00349718 administration's pronouncements about
80c69vBBzpY-01129-00349719-00350231 that for high school subjects we have
80c69vBBzpY-01130-00350232-00350473 crash course on Khan Academy it's a
80c69vBBzpY-01131-00350474-00350924 crash course is super fast but you can
80c69vBBzpY-01132-00350925-00351344 basically slow those videos down and
80c69vBBzpY-01133-00351345-00351671 watch them at a slower speed so they've
80c69vBBzpY-01134-00351672-00351881 been divided up into high school
80c69vBBzpY-01135-00351882-00352388 subjects and they're instantly
80c69vBBzpY-01136-00352389-00352625 accessible and ins can learn along with
80c69vBBzpY-01137-00352626-00352958 both crash course and Khan Academy and
80c69vBBzpY-01138-00352959-00353282 oh I'm sorry Khan Academy also has
80c69vBBzpY-01139-00353283-00353606 another channel in Spanish as well and I
80c69vBBzpY-01140-00353607-00353882 was interested to see or get a reaction
80c69vBBzpY-01141-00353883-00354128 from people who have possibly learned
80c69vBBzpY-01142-00354129-00354329 this Spanish learned what the Spanish
80c69vBBzpY-01143-00354330-00354488 Channel from the Khan Academy has
80c69vBBzpY-01144-00354489-00355385 anybody done that no nobody's answering
80c69vBBzpY-01145-00355386-00355754 so I think no other that otherwise I put
80c69vBBzpY-01146-00355755-00356102 them asleep resources on iChat I'm going
80c69vBBzpY-01147-00356103-00356420 to share is that we have these deep
80c69vBBzpY-01148-00356421-00356696 dives with lesson plans from Ted ed so
80c69vBBzpY-01149-00356697-00356887 you got some really great graphics
80c69vBBzpY-01150-00356888-00357137 especially they have some recent ones
80c69vBBzpY-01151-00357138-00357578 about more science-based about pandemics
80c69vBBzpY-01152-00357579-00357899 and disease but these are have been
80c69vBBzpY-01153-00357900-00358321 really high interest to share with our
80c69vBBzpY-01154-00358322-00358613 Adult Basic Skills and our high school
80c69vBBzpY-01155-00358614-00358757 subject classes
80c69vBBzpY-01156-00358758-00359087 however those are interesting but it's
80c69vBBzpY-01157-00359088-00359312 like they're not accessible to some of
80c69vBBzpY-01158-00359313-00359483 our students because the language is too
80c69vBBzpY-01159-00359484-00359636 high so what are you going to do so now
80c69vBBzpY-01160-00359637-00359842 I'm going to move on to talking about
80c69vBBzpY-01161-00359843-00360197 how to use the YouTube videos is there
80c69vBBzpY-01162-00360198-00360606 any questions before I continue
80c69vBBzpY-01163-00360607-00360898 nothing that's open Jennifer we're good
80c69vBBzpY-01164-00360899-00361292 okay so one of the ones that I wanted to
80c69vBBzpY-01165-00361293-00361940 share BPO bps OS is basically doing live
80c69vBBzpY-01166-00361941-00362447 streams of of classes and so you have
80c69vBBzpY-01167-00362448-00362702 the instructor reviewing citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-01168-00362703-00363026 information and then they're their live
80c69vBBzpY-01169-00363027-00363232 streaming that to Facebook and they're
80c69vBBzpY-01170-00363233-00363625 basically posting those videos to their
80c69vBBzpY-01171-00363626-00363872 YouTube channels so this channel is
80c69vBBzpY-01172-00363873-00364199 maybe about two or three weeks old you
80c69vBBzpY-01173-00364200-00364427 they have a combination of citizenship
80c69vBBzpY-01174-00364428-00364763 and ESL classes the student that
80c69vBBzpY-01175-00364764-00364957 teachers are using a combination of
80c69vBBzpY-01176-00364958-00365255 books and slides and all sorts of things
80c69vBBzpY-01177-00365256-00365663 so take a look and see this is a way for
80c69vBBzpY-01178-00365664-00365873 their students to basically access this
80c69vBBzpY-01179-00365874-00366181 information outside the classroom but I
80c69vBBzpY-01180-00366182-00366413 want people to see this and perhaps
80c69vBBzpY-01181-00366414-00366689 learn from these videos about how to
80c69vBBzpY-01182-00366690-00367328 conduct their own classes online I want
80c69vBBzpY-01183-00367329-00367628 to talk about five different reasons
80c69vBBzpY-01184-00367629-00367885 ways to use this one of the my very very
80c69vBBzpY-01185-00367886-00368378 favorite resources as we speak NYC these
80c69vBBzpY-01186-00368379-00368782 are our series they did a series in 2008
80c69vBBzpY-01187-00368783-00369392 in a or 2009 and again in 2019 different
80c69vBBzpY-01188-00369393-00369457 built
80c69vBBzpY-01189-00369458-00369767 videos or telenovelas and they had all
80c69vBBzpY-01190-00369768-00370190 sorts of supplemental PDFs in multiple
80c69vBBzpY-01191-00370191-00370598 languages and then activities PDFs that
80c69vBBzpY-01192-00370599-00370810 you can download and share with your
80c69vBBzpY-01193-00370811-00371168 students they are not directly posting
80c69vBBzpY-01194-00371169-00371390 to you - or they don't seem to be
80c69vBBzpY-01195-00371391-00371655 directly posting to YouTube however
80c69vBBzpY-01196-00371656-00371924 literacy partners is posting their
80c69vBBzpY-01197-00371925-00372194 videos to their website or to their
80c69vBBzpY-01198-00372195-00372457 YouTube channel and they also have some
80c69vBBzpY-01199-00372458-00372725 very interesting videos over here so for
80c69vBBzpY-01200-00372726-00372934 instance the discovery the joy of
80c69vBBzpY-01201-00372935-00373325 reading so sometimes as a literacy
80c69vBBzpY-01202-00373326-00373538 teacher you think oh man I know how to
80c69vBBzpY-01203-00373539-00373772 teach reading I've done at all some of
80c69vBBzpY-01204-00373773-00373892 these videos are really
80c69vBBzpY-01205-00373893-00374102 inspirational and basically remind you
80c69vBBzpY-01206-00374103-00374303 oh yeah I haven't used that technique a
80c69vBBzpY-01207-00374304-00374588 long time I really need to get with that
80c69vBBzpY-01208-00374589-00374915 technique so going and taking a look
80c69vBBzpY-01209-00374916-00375218 about how people teach literacy how
80c69vBBzpY-01210-00375219-00375484 people use these videos as activities is
80c69vBBzpY-01211-00375485-00375899 really really important so again these
80c69vBBzpY-01212-00375900-00376289 teacher these videos from we speak NYC
80c69vBBzpY-01213-00376290-00376703 they're not explicitly teaching English
80c69vBBzpY-01214-00376704-00377095 and they're not explicitly teaching
80c69vBBzpY-01215-00377096-00377402 civics however they're talking they're
80c69vBBzpY-01216-00377403-00377576 addressing concerns about domestic
80c69vBBzpY-01217-00377577-00378070 violence or balancing work and school or
80c69vBBzpY-01218-00378071-00378596 workman's comp or health issues so
80c69vBBzpY-01219-00378597-00378757 please please please take a look at
80c69vBBzpY-01220-00378758-00379060 these videos and take a look at their
80c69vBBzpY-01221-00379061-00379534 their episodes and their supporting PDFs
80c69vBBzpY-01222-00379535-00380083 oh I'm sorry I didn't I forgot to make
80c69vBBzpY-01223-00380084-00380308 the point the point I wanted to do is
80c69vBBzpY-01224-00380309-00380546 basically in this situation you have the
80c69vBBzpY-01225-00380547-00380789 student watch the video and you that
80c69vBBzpY-01226-00380790-00380978 you've shared with them the PDF that
80c69vBBzpY-01227-00380979-00381323 goes along with the video and that's a
80c69vBBzpY-01228-00381324-00381587 way to teach now a lot of our students
80c69vBBzpY-01229-00381588-00381733 are not going to have access to the
80c69vBBzpY-01230-00381734-00382019 printers so that might be a little bit
80c69vBBzpY-01231-00382020-00382247 difficult but you can still email people
80c69vBBzpY-01232-00382248-00382691 the PDFs for them to to basically do
80c69vBBzpY-01233-00382692-00383149 reflect on another really interesting
80c69vBBzpY-01234-00383150-00383528 YouTube website is you ghoulish calm and
80c69vBBzpY-01235-00383529-00383975 this is basically accessing it's a tool
80c69vBBzpY-01236-00383976-00384449 that basically access the YouTube and so
80c69vBBzpY-01237-00384450-00384677 from here you're saying well I want to
80c69vBBzpY-01238-00384678-00384941 search on a term how to pronounce binge
80c69vBBzpY-01239-00384942-00385175 watch so they'll come up with maybe
80c69vBBzpY-01240-00385176-00385435 about 89 different videos about how to
80c69vBBzpY-01241-00385436-00385787 pronounce binge watch but it's not so
80c69vBBzpY-01242-00385788-00386032 much about pronouncing it's more like
80c69vBBzpY-01243-00386033-00386254 taking a look at the pragmatics or the
80c69vBBzpY-01244-00386255-00386615 semantics or the syntax or videos or
80c69vBBzpY-01245-00386616-00386918 collocations of pronunciation how people
80c69vBBzpY-01246-00386919-00387193 use living English
80c69vBBzpY-01247-00387194-00387481 so for instance you're not just simply
80c69vBBzpY-01248-00387482-00387679 look at the pronunciation you're looking
80c69vBBzpY-01249-00387680-00387916 at all different ways that binge watch
80c69vBBzpY-01250-00387917-00388210 is being used so you could type in the
80c69vBBzpY-01251-00388211-00388603 word citizenship or you can type in any
80c69vBBzpY-01252-00388604-00388930 term that you want and you it will you
80c69vBBzpY-01253-00388931-00389250 gosh will go in access YouTube videos
80c69vBBzpY-01254-00389251-00389706 pull out those videos and they'll start
80c69vBBzpY-01255-00389707-00390223 showing you the video maybe about one to
80c69vBBzpY-01256-00390224-00390634 three seconds before the actual term is
80c69vBBzpY-01257-00390635-00390945 used so students can basically see
80c69vBBzpY-01258-00390946-00391444 English being being used in in real life
80c69vBBzpY-01259-00391445-00391963 now you can choose to say hey see people
80c69vBBzpY-01260-00391964-00392194 from the United States or the UK or
80c69vBBzpY-01261-00392195-00392419 Australia but I think sometimes it's
80c69vBBzpY-01262-00392420-00392647 really interesting to see all sorts of
80c69vBBzpY-01263-00392648-00392947 different usages and accents so here's
80c69vBBzpY-01264-00392948-00393127 where you can make the choices up here
80c69vBBzpY-01265-00393128-00393298 about where do you want to pull the
80c69vBBzpY-01266-00393299-00393990 videos would you is there a question
80c69vBBzpY-01267-00393991-00394564 no and doing at the time you have about
80c69vBBzpY-01268-00394565-00395122 ten minutes okay all right great one of
80c69vBBzpY-01269-00395123-00395416 the most important things again some of
80c69vBBzpY-01270-00395417-00395668 the the resources that I shared they're
80c69vBBzpY-01271-00395669-00396022 pretty sophisticated one of the things
80c69vBBzpY-01272-00396023-00396235 they're like God there's no PDF with
80c69vBBzpY-01273-00396236-00396373 this how can I make a really good
80c69vBBzpY-01274-00396374-00396670 presentation from it you can create
80c69vBBzpY-01275-00396671-00396889 transcripts so let me talk about the
80c69vBBzpY-01276-00396890-00397114 easy way to create transcripts so here's
80c69vBBzpY-01277-00397115-00397474 another video from Jennifer ESL it's
80c69vBBzpY-01278-00397475-00397753 about how to write a job inquiry email
80c69vBBzpY-01279-00397754-00398041 and like it's such a good video plus her
80c69vBBzpY-01280-00398042-00398359 husband is basically works for a job
80c69vBBzpY-01281-00398360-00398533 recruiter so she's getting some really
80c69vBBzpY-01282-00398534-00398769 good tips and showing some really good
80c69vBBzpY-01283-00398770-00399163 email usage white-u - ooh sorry excuse
80c69vBBzpY-01284-00399164-00399472 me let me go back why'd you do you go
80c69vBBzpY-01285-00399473-00399751 for the dot dot dot on the bottom and
80c69vBBzpY-01286-00399752-00400018 that's going to be basically opening up
80c69vBBzpY-01287-00400019-00400333 more information that you can use so you
80c69vBBzpY-01288-00400334-00400557 don't want to report the video
80c69vBBzpY-01289-00400558-00400836 because there's no bad content on there
80c69vBBzpY-01290-00400837-00401010 what you want to do is open the
80c69vBBzpY-01291-00401011-00401250 transcript it's going to open the
80c69vBBzpY-01292-00401251-00401550 transcript automatically and if you you
80c69vBBzpY-01293-00401551-00401889 basically click the dot dot dot over
80c69vBBzpY-01294-00401890-00402395 here you can basically toggle these
80c69vBBzpY-01295-00402396-00402636 timestamps and what is a timestamp
80c69vBBzpY-01296-00402637-00403355 this is when when or where the the the
80c69vBBzpY-01297-00403356-00403806 text appears now you can also see if she
80c69vBBzpY-01298-00403807-00404190 has different type of closed captions
80c69vBBzpY-01299-00404191-00404523 the default is English auto-generated
80c69vBBzpY-01300-00404524-00404733 closed captions which is no problem
80c69vBBzpY-01301-00404734-00404916 because Jennifer ESL speaks really
80c69vBBzpY-01302-00404917-00404991 clearly
80c69vBBzpY-01303-00404992-00405348 however there with some of my videos I
80c69vBBzpY-01304-00405349-00405591 have English auto-generated and I have
80c69vBBzpY-01305-00405592-00405855 basically standard English so you can
80c69vBBzpY-01306-00405856-00406146 basically click them back and forth what
80c69vBBzpY-01307-00406147-00406368 you can do if you take off if you
80c69vBBzpY-01308-00406369-00406800 basically toggle away the timestamps you
80c69vBBzpY-01309-00406801-00407079 can basically simply copy and paste the
80c69vBBzpY-01310-00407080-00407376 comedies this correct transcript you can
80c69vBBzpY-01311-00407377-00408009 dump it into a Word file or Google any
80c69vBBzpY-01312-00408010-00408255 text file that you want and you can
80c69vBBzpY-01313-00408256-00408546 basically recreate and basically take
80c69vBBzpY-01314-00408547-00408780 sections in or manipulate the text
80c69vBBzpY-01315-00408781-00408981 whatever the way you want you could
80c69vBBzpY-01316-00408982-00409305 create closed listening trans exercises
80c69vBBzpY-01317-00409306-00409584 you can create a grammar lesson or
80c69vBBzpY-01318-00409585-00409764 writing lesson where basically the
80c69vBBzpY-01319-00409764-00410084 student has to correct and put in were
80c69vBBzpY-01320-00410085-00410382 where the punctuation would be you can
80c69vBBzpY-01321-00410383-00410639 do all sorts of stuff with creating by
80c69vBBzpY-01322-00410641-00410939 creating a transcript simply from the
80c69vBBzpY-01323-00410941-00411197 content that's already there so let me
80c69vBBzpY-01324-00411199-00411462 repeat this again go to the dot-dot-dot
80c69vBBzpY-01325-00411463-00411818 at the bottom open the transcript
80c69vBBzpY-01326-00411818-00412380 basically use the vertical dots to
80c69vBBzpY-01327-00412381-00412812 create to open the to open the
80c69vBBzpY-01328-00412813-00413127 timestamps and basically get rid of
80c69vBBzpY-01329-00413128-00413577 those the timestamps make sure it's you
80c69vBBzpY-01330-00413578-00413884 have the correct language and
80c69vBBzpY-01331-00413885-00414062 you can copy and paste that into another
80c69vBBzpY-01332-00414063-00414376 file and then manipulate it into
80c69vBBzpY-01333-00414377-00414901 creating a closed exercise how I usually
80c69vBBzpY-01334-00414902-00415255 use videos is I simply basically embed
80c69vBBzpY-01335-00415256-00415580 them into my own blog post and basically
80c69vBBzpY-01336-00415581-00415874 I create creep quizzes on it so for
80c69vBBzpY-01337-00415875-00416266 instance this is African immigrants
80c69vBBzpY-01338-00416267-00416534 she's talking about school and joining
80c69vBBzpY-01339-00416535-00416747 the Air Force and I have some
80c69vBBzpY-01340-00416747-00417049 citizenship questions in here and also
80c69vBBzpY-01341-00417050-00417228 there was some further information
80c69vBBzpY-01342-00417229-00417685 however you can also better way to do
80c69vBBzpY-01343-00417686-00418064 this is basically to have to use
80c69vBBzpY-01344-00418064-00418430 edpuzzle which will basically show the
80c69vBBzpY-01345-00418431-00418772 video and then basically stop the video
80c69vBBzpY-01346-00418772-00419153 and up will pop up a question so for
80c69vBBzpY-01347-00419154-00419374 instance here's a minute video about
80c69vBBzpY-01348-00419375-00419780 George Washington and while the video is
80c69vBBzpY-01349-00419781-00420070 playing it's going to pop up who was the
80c69vBBzpY-01350-00420071-00420227 first president and the student can
80c69vBBzpY-01351-00420228-00420422 basically answer the question and they
80c69vBBzpY-01352-00420422-00420716 can continue along however as you can
80c69vBBzpY-01353-00420717-00420916 see this is a minute video and I think I
80c69vBBzpY-01354-00420917-00421093 have ten questions in that it's really
80c69vBBzpY-01355-00421094-00421514 stupid don't do that make sure you know
80c69vBBzpY-01356-00421514-00421706 try to space out the questions a little
80c69vBBzpY-01357-00421707-00421955 bit more better than I can and again you
80c69vBBzpY-01358-00421956-00422262 can embed this into your canvas
80c69vBBzpY-01359-00422263-00422512 classroom or your Google classroom
80c69vBBzpY-01360-00422513-00422891 because or whatever blog posts that you
80c69vBBzpY-01361-00422892-00423191 have because edpuzzle is basically an
80c69vBBzpY-01362-00423192-00423862 add-on to the Google suite and Edie
80c69vBBzpY-01363-00423863-00424045 puzzle has a really good professional
80c69vBBzpY-01364-00424046-00424241 development so there's different ways
80c69vBBzpY-01365-00424242-00424508 that you can they have different ways to
80c69vBBzpY-01366-00424509-00424805 show you how to use edpuzzle
80c69vBBzpY-01367-00424806-00425054 especially in the clip setting which is
80c69vBBzpY-01368-00425055-00425297 really amazing so these are miniature
80c69vBBzpY-01369-00425297-00425468 courses that you can learn more about
80c69vBBzpY-01370-00425468-00425801 how to use edpuzzle some people love
80c69vBBzpY-01371-00425802-00425870 edpuzzle
80c69vBBzpY-01372-00425871-00426134 other people's like prefer pear deck and
80c69vBBzpY-01373-00426135-00426466 Nearpod and because they can incorporate
80c69vBBzpY-01374-00426467-00426758 videos and your slide decks and all
80c69vBBzpY-01375-00426759-00426974 sorts of things and they can deliver the
80c69vBBzpY-01376-00426975-00427237 content to your students and what
80c69vBBzpY-01377-00427238-00427550 your preferred setting is but for my
80c69vBBzpY-01378-00427551-00427750 money I think Google Forms really
80c69vBBzpY-01379-00427751-00428047 doesn't with Google Forms you can
80c69vBBzpY-01380-00428048-00428402 basically embed embed videos and after
80c69vBBzpY-01381-00428403-00428612 the students watch the videos you can
80c69vBBzpY-01382-00428613-00429229 basically can take different quizzes
80c69vBBzpY-01383-00429230-00429931 teacher will get the information really
80c69vBBzpY-01384-00429932-00430273 because we were very focused in on the
80c69vBBzpY-01385-00430274-00430583 the census I used a lot of these short
80c69vBBzpY-01386-00430584-00430906 census videos to answer questions and
80c69vBBzpY-01387-00430907-00431095 they were really really successful on
80c69vBBzpY-01388-00431096-00431689 them I wanted us share two more slides
80c69vBBzpY-01389-00431690-00431938 one was teach thought because a lot of
80c69vBBzpY-01390-00431939-00432208 times we just don't want the students to
80c69vBBzpY-01391-00432209-00432431 be passive we want them to basically
80c69vBBzpY-01392-00432432-00432697 engage in critical thinking so these are
80c69vBBzpY-01393-00432698-00433412 two really good articles about tea about
80c69vBBzpY-01394-00433413-00433933 how to teach with our best teaching
80c69vBBzpY-01395-00433934-00434329 practices with videos and how to read a
80c69vBBzpY-01396-00434330-00434560 video like you're reading a book so how
80c69vBBzpY-01397-00434561-00434914 do you annotate it how do you pull
80c69vBBzpY-01398-00434915-00435247 information out of that video so please
80c69vBBzpY-01399-00435248-00435733 take a look at these or bitly bitly for
80c69vBBzpY-01400-00435734-00436310 BPS - video - video so the bps is best
80c69vBBzpY-01401-00436310-00436685 practices strategies so again it's bit
80c69vBBzpY-01402-00436685-00437483 dot Li / 4 B P s - videos and this one
80c69vBBzpY-01403-00437484-00438214 is bitly / YT for YouTube - Co mp4
80c69vBBzpY-01404-00438215-00438512 computer or sorry for comprehension /
80c69vBBzpY-01405-00438513-00438827 strategy what's their question about
80c69vBBzpY-01406-00438828-00438881 that
80c69vBBzpY-01407-00438882-00439312 No okay no question but just a note to
80c69vBBzpY-01408-00439313-00439577 all of our attendees that when we post
80c69vBBzpY-01409-00439578-00439879 links now soom does not allow them to be
80c69vBBzpY-01410-00439880-00440164 live links so when we post them in the
80c69vBBzpY-01411-00440165-00440416 chat you have to copy and then paste
80c69vBBzpY-01412-00440417-00440597 them
80c69vBBzpY-01413-00440597-00440867 somewhere or you could paste them in a
80c69vBBzpY-01414-00440868-00441872 browser and then open them okay finally
80c69vBBzpY-01415-00441872-00442097 that's it from from Oh Tim does anybody
80c69vBBzpY-01416-00442097-00442337 have any burning questions that I can
80c69vBBzpY-01417-00442338-00442597 share because there was so much more
80c69vBBzpY-01418-00442598-00443076 than I really want to want it to share
80c69vBBzpY-01419-00443077-00443472 [Music]
80c69vBBzpY-01420-00443473-00443678 Jennifer we were asked answering
80c69vBBzpY-01421-00443679-00443855 questions as we went along I think we
80c69vBBzpY-01422-00443856-00444206 got them all okay if there if I'm wrong
80c69vBBzpY-01423-00444207-00444452 please everybody type questions in the
80c69vBBzpY-01424-00444453-00445028 Q&A we're getting some thank yous can we
80c69vBBzpY-01425-00445029-00445625 make open captions default what um I
80c69vBBzpY-01426-00445626-00445970 don't know that let me take a look at my
80c69vBBzpY-01427-00445971-00446441 let me let me go back to share and you
80c69vBBzpY-01428-00446442-00447796 doing this sure and I am going to okay
80c69vBBzpY-01429-00447797-00449174 screaming come on are you seeing my
80c69vBBzpY-01430-00449175-00449528 desktop yes
80c69vBBzpY-01431-00449529-00449771 there's geez Oh so are you seeing
80c69vBBzpY-01432-00449772-00450143 YouTube yes okay so what I'm going to do
80c69vBBzpY-01433-00450143-00450317 is I'm going to go quick try to go
80c69vBBzpY-01434-00450318-00450772 quickly to my own YouTube channel so I
80c69vBBzpY-01435-00450773-00451442 need to switch accounts and just for
80c69vBBzpY-01436-00451443-00451622 your information folks you won't have to
80c69vBBzpY-01437-00451622-00451864 do this to get to Jennifer's Channel
80c69vBBzpY-01438-00451866-00452185 I think I'm having the same problem I
80c69vBBzpY-01439-00452187-00452600 think we're I'm Shane experienced some
80c69vBBzpY-01440-00452601-00453304 some reading that is slow so if
80c69vBBzpY-01441-00453305-00453547 if people did a search for US citizen
80c69vBBzpY-01442-00453548-00453797 pod yeah would that bring up your
80c69vBBzpY-01443-00453797-00454022 channel for them that would bring up the
80c69vBBzpY-01444-00454022-00454202 channel forum but the thing is is I'm
80c69vBBzpY-01445-00454203-00454381 gonna have to get into my creator
80c69vBBzpY-01446-00454382-00455033 account let's see if I have anything and
80c69vBBzpY-01447-00455034-00455218 Jennifer for while you're doing that
80c69vBBzpY-01448-00455219-00455639 videos in different LMS --is like Moodle
80c69vBBzpY-01449-00455639-00455995 canvas Schoology do you use embed codes
80c69vBBzpY-01450-00455996-00456241 or do you use links I think you won't
80c69vBBzpY-01451-00456242-00456493 for most part from what I remember about
80c69vBBzpY-01452-00456494-00456685 canvas I haven't used canvas in a long
80c69vBBzpY-01453-00456686-00457060 time but usually they're using the URL
80c69vBBzpY-01454-00457060-00457504 hi this is teacher I don't I talk to it
80c69vBBzpY-01455-00457505-00457618 I don't want to talk to me right now
80c69vBBzpY-01456-00457619-00458068 okay so what I'm doing is right now I'm
80c69vBBzpY-01457-00458069-00458456 going to my youtube studio and the
80c69vBBzpY-01458-00458457-00458860 YouTube studio is where people can
80c69vBBzpY-01459-00458860-00459337 automatically they can that's where you
80c69vBBzpY-01460-00459338-00459581 edit your videos and so what I want to
80c69vBBzpY-01461-00459582-00459829 do is show you how to quickly that I
80c69vBBzpY-01462-00459830-00460333 want to basically Jennifer can I
80c69vBBzpY-01463-00460334-00460597 interrupt because I know what this is
80c69vBBzpY-01464-00460598-00460772 gonna take and I also know that the
80c69vBBzpY-01465-00460772-00461006 internet slowing down and I see
80c69vBBzpY-01466-00461007-00461276 everybody asking for a part too so I'm
80c69vBBzpY-01467-00461277-00461489 gonna put you on the spot okay and I'm
80c69vBBzpY-01468-00461489-00461797 gonna ask you can you do a YouTube video
80c69vBBzpY-01469-00461798-00462029 or can you do another presentation on
80c69vBBzpY-01470-00462030-00462295 how to create a video how to post it to
80c69vBBzpY-01471-00462296-00462493 YouTube and do some of the Voodoo that
80c69vBBzpY-01472-00462494-00462731 you were just about to do would that be
80c69vBBzpY-01473-00462732-00462787 possible
80c69vBBzpY-01474-00462788-00463129 that absolutely there you go folks you
80c69vBBzpY-01475-00463130-00463304 heard it here and I have it being
80c69vBBzpY-01476-00463305-00463545 recorded so we're gonna hold her to that
80c69vBBzpY-01477-00463546-00463777 she's gonna do another one
80c69vBBzpY-01478-00463778-00464051 we'll get it we have to fuss and discuss
80c69vBBzpY-01479-00464052-00464354 States so she'll be able to show you how
80c69vBBzpY-01480-00464355-00464770 to create a video Jennifer do you use
80c69vBBzpY-01481-00464771-00465214 screencastify or no a lot of time like a
80c69vBBzpY-01482-00465215-00465535 lot of time I could use screencastify a
80c69vBBzpY-01483-00465536-00465754 lot of times I'm actually doing stuff in
80c69vBBzpY-01484-00465755-00466139 PowerPoint I've done things I've
80c69vBBzpY-01485-00466139-00466435 recorded things on my iPhone and I've
80c69vBBzpY-01486-00466436-00466545 done it that way
80c69vBBzpY-01487-00466546-00467037 so I mean it really simply depends do
80c69vBBzpY-01488-00467038-00467468 they want screencastify no I'm just I'm
80c69vBBzpY-01489-00467470-00467634 just asking the medium that you play so
80c69vBBzpY-01490-00467635-00467988 we have a presentation that was done on
80c69vBBzpY-01491-00467989-00468339 how to create a video using PowerPoint
80c69vBBzpY-01492-00468339-00468654 it was done by Yesenia Delgado Lorenzo
80c69vBBzpY-01493-00468655-00469060 and that will be posted on the oat Ann
80c69vBBzpY-01494-00469062-00469605 page very soon Jennifer does not use OBS
80c69vBBzpY-01495-00469606-00469941 I just saw this question I know that for
80c69vBBzpY-01496-00469942-00470157 a fact but I'm gonna turn her on to it
80c69vBBzpY-01497-00470158-00470460 because she might like it and it's
80c69vBBzpY-01498-00470460-00470618 looking like most of the other questions
80c69vBBzpY-01499-00470620-00470799 left would how do you do this how do you
80c69vBBzpY-01500-00470800-00470913 do this how do you do this so we're
80c69vBBzpY-01501-00470914-00471239 gonna we're gonna get that done on her
80c69vBBzpY-01502-00471241-00471660 next video okay okay
81Cs_SzI51A-00000-00000040-00000652 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00001-00000653-00001194 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00002-00001195-00002319 [Applause]
81Cs_SzI51A-00003-00002320-00003814 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00004-00003815-00006050 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00005-00006051-00008366 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00006-00008367-00010997 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00007-00010998-00012309 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00008-00012310-00013491 [Music]
81Cs_SzI51A-00009-00013493-00013925 Oh
81Cs_SzI51A-00010-00013926-00015010 [Music]
82dfAgNl_Y8-00000-00000070-00000304 Babilonia was an ancient Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00001-00000305-00000513 speaking state and cultural area based
82dfAgNl_Y8-00002-00000514-00000694 in central southern Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00003-00000695-00001015 present-day Iraq a small amirite ruled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00004-00001016-00001342 state emerged in 1894 BC which contained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00005-00001343-00001535 the minor administrative town of Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00006-00001536-00001800 it was merely a small provincial town
82dfAgNl_Y8-00007-00001801-00002029 during the Akkadian Empire two three
82dfAgNl_Y8-00008-00002030-00002334 three five to 154 BC but greatly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00009-00002335-00002523 expanded during the reign of Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00010-00002524-00002671 in the first half of the eighteenth
82dfAgNl_Y8-00011-00002672-00002896 century BC and became a major capital
82dfAgNl_Y8-00012-00002897-00003174 city during the reign of Hammurabi and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00013-00003175-00003418 afterwards Babylonia was called the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00014-00003419-00003661 country of the Codd mad Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00015-00003661-00003847 Akkadian it was often involved in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00016-00003847-00004051 rivalry with the older state of Assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-00017-00004052-00004222 to the north and Elam to the east in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00018-00004223-00004525 ancient Iran Babylonia briefly became
82dfAgNl_Y8-00019-00004526-00004693 the major power in the region after
82dfAgNl_Y8-00020-00004694-00005170 Hammurabi Florida C 1792 to 1750 to BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00021-00005171-00005653 middle chronology or C 1696 to 1654 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00022-00005654-00005869 short chronology created a short-lived
82dfAgNl_Y8-00023-00005870-00006118 Empire succeeding the earlier Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00024-00006119-00006331 Empire third dynasty of ur and old
82dfAgNl_Y8-00025-00006332-00006613 Assyrian Empire the Babylonian Empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-00026-00006614-00006856 however rapidly fell apart after the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00027-00006856-00007033 death of Hammurabi and reverted to a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00028-00007034-00007314 small Kingdom like Assyria the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00029-00007315-00007501 Babylonian state retained the written
82dfAgNl_Y8-00030-00007502-00007687 Akkadian language the language of its
82dfAgNl_Y8-00031-00007688-00007884 native populace for official use
82dfAgNl_Y8-00032-00007886-00008086 despite its Northwest Semitic speaking
82dfAgNl_Y8-00033-00008087-00008305 amirite founders and Kassite successors
82dfAgNl_Y8-00034-00008306-00008514 who spoke a language isolate not being
82dfAgNl_Y8-00035-00008515-00008785 native Mesopotamians it retained the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00036-00008786-00009001 Sumerian language for religious use as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00037-00009002-00009178 did Assyria but already by the time
82dfAgNl_Y8-00038-00009179-00009430 Babylon was founded this was no longer a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00039-00009431-00009598 spoken language having been wholly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00040-00009599-00009844 subsumed by Akkadian the earlier
82dfAgNl_Y8-00041-00009845-00010063 Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played
82dfAgNl_Y8-00042-00010064-00010258 a major role in Babylonian and Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00043-00010259-00010474 culture and the region would remain an
82dfAgNl_Y8-00044-00010475-00010681 important cultural center even under its
82dfAgNl_Y8-00045-00010682-00011002 protracted periods of outside rule the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00046-00011003-00011214 earliest mention of the city of Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00047-00011215-00011407 can be found in a clay tablet from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00048-00011408-00011778 reign of Sargon of Akkad - 3 3 4 - to 79
82dfAgNl_Y8-00049-00011779-00012128 BC dating back to the 23rd century BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00050-00012129-00012370 Babylon was merely a religious and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00051-00012371-00012541 cultural centre at this point and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00052-00012542-00012735 neither an independent state nor a large
82dfAgNl_Y8-00053-00012736-00012976 city like the rest of Mesopotamia it was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00054-00012977-00013171 subject to the Akkadian Empire which
82dfAgNl_Y8-00055-00013172-00013336 United all the Akkadian and Sumerian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00056-00013337-00013526 speakers under one
82dfAgNl_Y8-00057-00013527-00013736 after the collapse of the Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00058-00013737-00013985 Empire the South Mesopotamian region was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00059-00013986-00014188 dominated by the guichen people for a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00060-00014190-00014384 few decades before the rise of the third
82dfAgNl_Y8-00061-00014385-00014603 dynasty of ur which restored order to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00062-00014604-00014783 the region in which apart from northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00063-00014784-00014951 Assyria encompassed the whole of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00064-00014952-00015143 Mesopotamia including the town of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00065-00015144-00015558 Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00066-00015559-00015991 topic history
82dfAgNl_Y8-00067-00015993-00016363 topic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00068-00016363-00016687 topic pre Babylonian su Mero Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00069-00016688-00017045 period
82dfAgNl_Y8-00070-00017046-00017417 topic Mesopotamia had already enjoyed a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00071-00017418-00017624 long history prior to the emergence of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00072-00017625-00017807 Babylon with Sumerian civilization
82dfAgNl_Y8-00073-00017808-00018227 emerging in the region see 3500 BC and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00074-00018228-00018428 the Akkadian speaking people appearing
82dfAgNl_Y8-00075-00018429-00018677 by the 30th century BC during the 3rd
82dfAgNl_Y8-00076-00018678-00018893 millennium BC an intimate cultural
82dfAgNl_Y8-00077-00018894-00019115 symbiosis occurred between Sumerian and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00078-00019116-00019292 Akkadian speakers which included
82dfAgNl_Y8-00079-00019293-00019580 widespread bilingualism the influence of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00080-00019581-00019811 Sumerian on Akkadian and vice-versa is
82dfAgNl_Y8-00081-00019812-00020009 evident in all areas from lexical
82dfAgNl_Y8-00082-00020010-00020177 borrowing on a massive scale to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00083-00020178-00020381 syntactic morphological and phonological
82dfAgNl_Y8-00084-00020382-00020714 convergence this has prompted scholars
82dfAgNl_Y8-00085-00020715-00020936 to refer to Sumerian and Akkadian in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00086-00020937-00021110 third millennium as a sprach boon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00087-00021111-00021347 Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00088-00021348-00021539 the spoken language of Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00089-00021540-00021743 somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00090-00021744-00021995 the 2nd millennium BC the precise time
82dfAgNl_Y8-00091-00021996-00022288 frame being a matter of debate from C
82dfAgNl_Y8-00092-00022289-00022586 3500 BC until the rise of the Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00093-00022587-00022825 Empire in the 24th century BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00094-00022826-00023027 Mesopotamia had been dominated by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00095-00023028-00023273 largely Sumerian cities and city-states
82dfAgNl_Y8-00096-00023274-00023579 such as her Lagash Burak Kish Eisen
82dfAgNl_Y8-00097-00023580-00024020 Larsa adab era do gas or assure the mazi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00098-00024021-00024227 Akshat are Bala and Ouma although
82dfAgNl_Y8-00099-00024228-00024443 semitic akkadian names began to appear
82dfAgNl_Y8-00100-00024444-00024584 on the King lists of some of these
82dfAgNl_Y8-00101-00024585-00024791 states such as ash Nanda and Assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-00102-00024792-00025135 between the 29th and 25th centuries BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00103-00025136-00025385 traditionally the major religious center
82dfAgNl_Y8-00104-00025386-00025580 of all Mesopotamia was the city of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00105-00025581-00025775 Knipper where the god Enlil was supreme
82dfAgNl_Y8-00106-00025776-00025978 and it would remain so until replaced by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00107-00025979-00026197 Babylon during the reign of Hammurabi in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00108-00026198-00026452 the mid 18th century BC the Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00109-00026454-00026843 Empire - 3 3 4 - 1 5 4 BC saw the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00110-00026844-00027041 Akkadian Semites and Sumerians of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00111-00027042-00027283 Mesopotamia unite under one rule and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00112-00027285-00027467 Akkadians fully attained ascendancy over
82dfAgNl_Y8-00113-00027468-00027650 the Sumerians and indeed come to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00114-00027651-00027844 dominate much of the ancient Near East
82dfAgNl_Y8-00115-00027845-00028154 the Empire eventually disintegrated due
82dfAgNl_Y8-00116-00028155-00028388 to economic decline climate change and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00117-00028389-00028577 civil war followed by attacks by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00118-00028577-00028868 Goossens from the Zagros Mountains Sumer
82dfAgNl_Y8-00119-00028869-00029081 rose up again with the 3rd dynasty of ur
82dfAgNl_Y8-00120-00029082-00029377 in the late 22nd century BC and ejected
82dfAgNl_Y8-00121-00029379-00029564 the Goossens from southern Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00122-00029564-00029768 they also seemed to have gained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00123-00029769-00029983 ascendancy over much of the territory of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00124-00029985-00030161 the Akkadian kings of Assyria in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00125-00030162-00030395 northern Mesopotamia for a time followed
82dfAgNl_Y8-00126-00030395-00030574 by the collapse of the Sumerian birth
82dfAgNl_Y8-00127-00030575-00030814 three dynasty at the hands of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00128-00030816-00031112 Elamites in 2002 BC the Amorites a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00129-00031113-00031295 foreign Northwest Semitic speaking
82dfAgNl_Y8-00130-00031295-00031487 people began to migrate into southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00131-00031488-00031670 Mesopotamia from the northern Levant
82dfAgNl_Y8-00132-00031670-00031883 gradually gaining control over most of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00133-00031883-00032080 southern Mesopotamia where they formed a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00134-00032081-00032255 series of small kingdoms while the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00135-00032256-00032443 Assyrians reasserted their independence
82dfAgNl_Y8-00136-00032444-00032660 in the north the states of the south
82dfAgNl_Y8-00137-00032661-00032861 were unable to stem the amorite advance
82dfAgNl_Y8-00138-00032862-00033049 and for a time may have relied on their
82dfAgNl_Y8-00139-00033050-00033221 fellow Acadians in Assyria for
82dfAgNl_Y8-00140-00033222-00033671 protection King ilu Shuma C 2008 to 1975
82dfAgNl_Y8-00141-00033672-00034018 BC of the oldest Syrian Empire 2025 to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00142-00034019-00034337 1750 BC in a known inscription describes
82dfAgNl_Y8-00143-00034338-00034637 his exploits to the south as follows the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00144-00034638-00034781 freedom of the Acadians and their
82dfAgNl_Y8-00145-00034782-00035068 children I established I purified their
82dfAgNl_Y8-00146-00035069-00035285 copper I established their freedom from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00147-00035286-00035446 the border of the marshes and ur and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00148-00035447-00035677 nipper a wall and Kish durab the goddess
82dfAgNl_Y8-00149-00035678-00035896 Ishtar as far as the City of Ashur
82dfAgNl_Y8-00150-00035897-00036202 passed scholars originally extrapolated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00151-00036203-00036380 from this text that it means he defeated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00152-00036381-00036583 the invading Amorites to the south and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00153-00036584-00036758 Elamites to the east but there is no
82dfAgNl_Y8-00154-00036759-00036926 explicit record of that and some
82dfAgNl_Y8-00155-00036927-00037121 scholars believe the Assyrian Kings were
82dfAgNl_Y8-00156-00037122-00037274 merely giving preferential trade
82dfAgNl_Y8-00157-00037275-00037568 agreements to the south these policies
82dfAgNl_Y8-00158-00037569-00037733 were continued by his successors
82dfAgNl_Y8-00159-00037734-00038051 arashiyama and a kunam however when
82dfAgNl_Y8-00160-00038052-00038464 Sargon I 1922 1881 BC succeeded as king
82dfAgNl_Y8-00161-00038465-00038758 in Assyria in 1920 BC he eventually
82dfAgNl_Y8-00162-00038759-00038954 withdrew Assyria from the region
82dfAgNl_Y8-00163-00038955-00039155 preferring to concentrate on continuing
82dfAgNl_Y8-00164-00039156-00039335 the vigorous expansion of Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00165-00039336-00039565 colonies in Anatolia and the Levant and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00166-00039566-00039782 eventually southern Mesopotamia fell to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00167-00039783-00039940 the Amorites a Northwest Semitic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00168-00039941-00040156 speaking people from the northern Levant
82dfAgNl_Y8-00169-00040157-00040393 during the first centuries of what is
82dfAgNl_Y8-00170-00040394-00040670 called the amorite period the most
82dfAgNl_Y8-00171-00040671-00040868 powerful city-states in the South were
82dfAgNl_Y8-00172-00040869-00041105 Eisen Ashna and Larsa together with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00173-00041106-00041537 Assyria in the north
82dfAgNl_Y8-00174-00041538-00041822 topic first Babylonian dynasty amirite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00175-00041823-00042520 dynasty 1894 - 1595 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00176-00042521-00042868 topic one of these amirite dynasties
82dfAgNl_Y8-00177-00042869-00043099 founded a small Kingdom of cazilou which
82dfAgNl_Y8-00178-00043100-00043287 included the venn still minor town of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00179-00043288-00043587 babylon circa 1894 BC which would
82dfAgNl_Y8-00180-00043588-00043777 ultimately take over the others and form
82dfAgNl_Y8-00181-00043778-00043990 the short-lived first Babylonian Empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-00182-00043991-00044242 also called the first Babylonian dynasty
82dfAgNl_Y8-00183-00044243-00044557 an amirite chieftain named Sulu a bum
82dfAgNl_Y8-00184-00044558-00044755 appropriated a tract of land which
82dfAgNl_Y8-00185-00044756-00044962 included the then relatively small city
82dfAgNl_Y8-00186-00044963-00045157 of Babylon from the neighbouring amirite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00187-00045158-00045415 ruled Mesopotamian city state of cazilou
82dfAgNl_Y8-00188-00045416-00045555 of which it had initially been a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00189-00045556-00045721 territory turning his newly acquired
82dfAgNl_Y8-00190-00045722-00046039 lands into a state in its own right his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00191-00046040-00046210 reign was concerned with establishing
82dfAgNl_Y8-00192-00046211-00046402 statehood amongst a sea of other minor
82dfAgNl_Y8-00193-00046403-00046602 city-states and kingdoms in the region
82dfAgNl_Y8-00194-00046603-00046885 however Sulu ablum appears never to have
82dfAgNl_Y8-00195-00046886-00047056 bothered to give himself the title of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00196-00047057-00047287 king of Babylon suggesting that Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00197-00047288-00047499 itself was still only a minor town or
82dfAgNl_Y8-00198-00047500-00047707 city and not worthy of kingship he was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00199-00047708-00047911 followed by Sulu lay él sabía m--
82dfAgNl_Y8-00200-00047912-00048106 apples' in each of whom ruled in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00201-00048107-00048298 same vague manner as Sulu album with no
82dfAgNl_Y8-00202-00048299-00048508 reference to kingship of Babylon itself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00203-00048509-00048687 being made in any written records of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00204-00048688-00048952 time sin mu billet was the first of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00205-00048953-00049135 these amirite rulers to be regarded
82dfAgNl_Y8-00206-00049136-00049351 officially as a king of babylon and then
82dfAgNl_Y8-00207-00049352-00049618 on only one single clay tablet under
82dfAgNl_Y8-00208-00049619-00049852 these kings the nation in which Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00209-00049853-00050032 lay remained a small nation which
82dfAgNl_Y8-00210-00050033-00050251 controlled very little territory and was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00211-00050252-00050424 overshadowed by neighboring kingdoms
82dfAgNl_Y8-00212-00050425-00050620 that were both older larger and more
82dfAgNl_Y8-00213-00050621-00050914 powerful such as isin larsa Assyria to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00214-00050915-00051070 the north and Elam to the east in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00215-00051071-00051376 ancient Iran the Elamites occupied huge
82dfAgNl_Y8-00216-00051377-00051588 swaths of southern Mesopotamia and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00217-00051589-00051787 early amirite rulers were largely held
82dfAgNl_Y8-00218-00051788-00052155 in vassalage - Elam
82dfAgNl_Y8-00219-00052157-00052687 topic Empire of Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00220-00052688-00053068 topic Babylon remained a minor town in a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00221-00053069-00053266 small state until the reign of its sixth
82dfAgNl_Y8-00222-00053267-00053701 amirite ruler Hammurabi 1792 to 1750 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00223-00053702-00054337 or Florida C 1728 to 1686 BC short he
82dfAgNl_Y8-00224-00054338-00054559 conducted major building work in Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00225-00054560-00054781 expanding it from a small town into a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00226-00054782-00055046 great city worthy of kingship he was a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00227-00055047-00055261 very efficient ruler establishing a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00228-00055262-00055441 bureaucracy with taxation and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00229-00055442-00055711 centralized government Hammurabi freed
82dfAgNl_Y8-00230-00055712-00055906 Babylon from elamite dominance and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00231-00055907-00056047 indeed drove them from southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00232-00056048-00056356 Mesopotamia entirely he then gradually
82dfAgNl_Y8-00233-00056357-00056572 expanded Babylonian dominance over the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00234-00056573-00056797 whole of southern Mesopotamia conquering
82dfAgNl_Y8-00235-00056798-00056992 the cities and states of the region such
82dfAgNl_Y8-00236-00056993-00057355 as isin Larsa Astana Kish Lagash nipper
82dfAgNl_Y8-00237-00057356-00057728 boar CIPA her her ik Ummah adab sipar
82dfAgNl_Y8-00238-00057729-00058022 Rapa command era do the conquests of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00239-00058023-00058219 Hammurabi gave the region stability
82dfAgNl_Y8-00240-00058220-00058426 after turbulent times and coalesced the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00241-00058427-00058615 patchwork of small states of southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00242-00058616-00058853 and central Mesopotamia into one single
82dfAgNl_Y8-00243-00058854-00059032 nation and it is only from the time of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00244-00059033-00059254 Hammurabi that southern Mesopotamia came
82dfAgNl_Y8-00245-00059255-00059469 to be known historically as Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00246-00059470-00059779 the armies of Babylonia under Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00247-00059780-00059960 were well disciplined he turned
82dfAgNl_Y8-00248-00059961-00060122 eastwards and invaded what was a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00249-00060123-00060307 thousand years later to become Iran
82dfAgNl_Y8-00250-00060308-00060550 conquering Elam Lucian's lelou bein
82dfAgNl_Y8-00251-00060551-00060860 Kassite to the west the amorite states
82dfAgNl_Y8-00252-00060861-00061040 of the Levant modern syria and jordan
82dfAgNl_Y8-00253-00061041-00061276 including the powerful kingdoms of mari
82dfAgNl_Y8-00254-00061277-00061576 and yam HUD were conquered Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00255-00061577-00061784 then entered into a protracted war with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00256-00061785-00061981 the old Assyrian Empire for control of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00257-00061982-00062191 Mesopotamia and dominance of the Near
82dfAgNl_Y8-00258-00062192-00062506 East Assyria had extended control over
82dfAgNl_Y8-00259-00062507-00062692 much of the hurryin and hatty in parts
82dfAgNl_Y8-00260-00062693-00062923 of Southeast Anatolia from the 21st
82dfAgNl_Y8-00261-00062924-00063160 century BC and from the latter part of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00262-00063161-00063415 the 20th century BC had asserted itself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00263-00063416-00063610 over the northeast Levant and central
82dfAgNl_Y8-00264-00063611-00063901 Mesopotamia also after a protracted
82dfAgNl_Y8-00265-00063902-00064135 unresolved struggle over decades with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00266-00064136-00064351 the powerful Assyrian Kings sham Shia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00267-00064352-00064519 Dada the first and ish my vagin
82dfAgNl_Y8-00268-00064520-00064735 Hammurabi forced their successor mud ash
82dfAgNl_Y8-00269-00064736-00065159 cur to pay tribute to Babylon C 17 51 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00270-00065160-00065413 thus giving Babylonia control over a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00271-00065414-00065621 serious centuries-old had Ian and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00272-00065622-00065848 hurryin colonies in Anatolia one of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00273-00065849-00065982 most important works of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00274-00065983-00066159 first Babylonian dynasty was the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00275-00066160-00066420 compilation of Babylonian law Allah code
82dfAgNl_Y8-00276-00066421-00066648 both influenced by and improved upon the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00277-00066649-00066858 much earlier codes of Sumer Akkad in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00278-00066859-00067107 Assyria this was made by order of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00279-00067108-00067293 Hammurabi after the expulsion of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00280-00067294-00067434 Elamites and the settlement of his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00281-00067435-00067788 kingdom in 1901 a copy of the Code of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00282-00067789-00068001 Hammurabi was discovered on a steal by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00283-00068002-00068202 Jacques de Morgan and Gene Vincent chyle
82dfAgNl_Y8-00284-00068203-00068409 at Susa in Elam where it had later been
82dfAgNl_Y8-00285-00068410-00068697 taken as plunder that copy is now in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00286-00068698-00069087 Louvre from before 3,000 BC until the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00287-00069088-00069300 reign of Hammurabi the major cultural
82dfAgNl_Y8-00288-00069301-00069438 and religious center of southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00289-00069439-00069654 Mesopotamia had been the ancient city of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00290-00069655-00069878 Knipper where the god Enlil was supreme
82dfAgNl_Y8-00291-00069879-00070161 however with the rise of Hammurabi this
82dfAgNl_Y8-00292-00070162-00070359 honor was transferred to Babylon and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00293-00070360-00070611 South Mesopotamian god Marduk rose to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00294-00070612-00070806 supremacy in the pantheon of southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00295-00070807-00071028 Mesopotamia with the god Ashur and to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00296-00071029-00071244 some degree Ishtar also remaining the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00297-00071245-00071415 long dominant deity in the northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00298-00071416-00071706 Mesopotamian state of Assyria the city
82dfAgNl_Y8-00299-00071707-00071970 of Babylon became known as a holy city
82dfAgNl_Y8-00300-00071971-00072237 where any legitimate ruler of southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00301-00072238-00072507 Mesopotamia had to be crowned Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00302-00072508-00072696 turned what had previously been a minor
82dfAgNl_Y8-00303-00072697-00072930 administrative town into a powerful and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00304-00072931-00073149 influential major city increasing its
82dfAgNl_Y8-00305-00073150-00073323 size and population dramatically
82dfAgNl_Y8-00306-00073324-00073545 extended its rule over the entirety of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00307-00073546-00073752 southern Mesopotamia and conducting a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00308-00073753-00073970 number of impressive architectural works
82dfAgNl_Y8-00309-00073971-00074238 the amorite ruled Babylonians
82dfAgNl_Y8-00310-00074239-00074445 like their predecessor States engaged in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00311-00074446-00074616 regular trade with the amorite in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00312-00074617-00074823 canaanite city-states to the west with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00313-00074824-00075051 babylonian officials or troops sometimes
82dfAgNl_Y8-00314-00075052-00075237 passing to the Levant and Canaan with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00315-00075238-00075414 amirite merchants operating freely
82dfAgNl_Y8-00316-00075415-00075693 throughout Mesopotamia the Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00317-00075694-00075975 monarchy s Western connections remained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00318-00075976-00076131 strong for quite some time
82dfAgNl_Y8-00319-00076132-00076479 Amida Tana great-grandson of Hammurabi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00320-00076480-00076725 still titled himself king of the land of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00321-00076726-00077154 the Amorites Amida Tana s father and son
82dfAgNl_Y8-00322-00077155-00077307 also bore amirite names
82dfAgNl_Y8-00323-00077308-00077796 ABI Esha and ami Sedaka
82dfAgNl_Y8-00324-00077797-00078183 topic decline
82dfAgNl_Y8-00325-00078184-00078537 topic southern Mesopotamia had no
82dfAgNl_Y8-00326-00078538-00078768 natural defensible boundaries making it
82dfAgNl_Y8-00327-00078769-00079026 vulnerable to attack after the death of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00328-00079027-00079215 Hammurabi his empire began to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00329-00079216-00079470 disintegrate rapidly under his successor
82dfAgNl_Y8-00330-00079471-00079938 sam tsui luna 1749 to 1712 bc the far
82dfAgNl_Y8-00331-00079939-00080139 south of mesopotamia was lost to a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00332-00080140-00080328 native Akkadian speaking king called
82dfAgNl_Y8-00333-00080329-00080592 allah ma li hua Jai amirite ruled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00334-00080593-00080880 Babylonians the South became the native
82dfAgNl_Y8-00335-00080881-00081132 Ceylon dynasty remaining free of Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00336-00081133-00081396 for the next 272 years both the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00337-00081397-00081585 Babylonians and their amirite rulers
82dfAgNl_Y8-00338-00081586-00081777 were driven from Assyria to the north by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00339-00081778-00081957 an Assyrian Akkadian governor named
82dfAgNl_Y8-00340-00081958-00082365 poozer since II 1740 BC who regarded
82dfAgNl_Y8-00341-00082366-00082590 Kingma - kur as both a foreign amirite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00342-00082591-00082896 and a former Lackey of Babylon after six
82dfAgNl_Y8-00343-00082897-00083130 years of civil war in Assyria a native
82dfAgNl_Y8-00344-00083131-00083532 King named a dossier seized power C 1735
82dfAgNl_Y8-00345-00083533-00083775 BC and went on to appropriate former
82dfAgNl_Y8-00346-00083776-00083988 Babylonian and amirite territory in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00347-00083989-00084225 central Mesopotamia as did his successor
82dfAgNl_Y8-00348-00084226-00084329 belle Bonnie
82dfAgNl_Y8-00349-00084330-00084609 amirite rule survived in a much reduced
82dfAgNl_Y8-00350-00084610-00084870 Babylon Sam Shula Lunas successor ABY
82dfAgNl_Y8-00351-00084871-00085053 Esha made a vain attempt to recapture
82dfAgNl_Y8-00352-00085054-00085296 the Ceylon dynasty for babylon but met
82dfAgNl_Y8-00353-00085297-00085491 defeat at the hands of Kingdom T Elisha
82dfAgNl_Y8-00354-00085492-00085806 - by the end of his reign Babylonia had
82dfAgNl_Y8-00355-00085807-00085995 shrunk to the small and relatively weak
82dfAgNl_Y8-00356-00085996-00086205 nation it had been upon its foundation
82dfAgNl_Y8-00357-00086206-00086385 although the city itself was far larger
82dfAgNl_Y8-00358-00086386-00086589 than the small town it had been prior to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00359-00086590-00086889 the rise of Hammurabi he was followed by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00360-00086890-00087147 Amida Tonda and then ami sadhika both of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00361-00087148-00087327 whom were in too weak a position to make
82dfAgNl_Y8-00362-00087328-00087465 any attempt to regain the many
82dfAgNl_Y8-00363-00087466-00087651 territories lost after the death of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00364-00087652-00087843 Hammurabi contenting themselves with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00365-00087844-00088047 peaceful building projects in Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00366-00088048-00088130 itself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00367-00088131-00088404 Sam Sudha Tunde was to be the last
82dfAgNl_Y8-00368-00088405-00088647 amirite ruler of Babylon early in his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00369-00088648-00088812 reign he came under pressure from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00370-00088813-00089022 Cass i'ts a people speaking an apparent
82dfAgNl_Y8-00371-00089023-00089196 language isolate originating in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00372-00089197-00089361 mountains of what is today northwest
82dfAgNl_Y8-00373-00089362-00089634 Iran Babylon was then attacked by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00374-00089635-00089874 indo-european speaking Anatolia based
82dfAgNl_Y8-00375-00089875-00090285 Hittites in 1595 BC shamshuddin Tando
82dfAgNl_Y8-00376-00090286-00090504 was overthrown following the sack of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00377-00090505-00090756 babylon by the hittite king mercy Leigh
82dfAgNl_Y8-00378-00090757-00090939 the first the Hittites did not remain
82dfAgNl_Y8-00379-00090940-00091134 for long but the destruction wrought by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00380-00091135-00091299 them finally enabled their kassite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00381-00091300-00091760 allies to gain control
82dfAgNl_Y8-00382-00091761-00092056 topic the sack of Babylon and ancient
82dfAgNl_Y8-00383-00092057-00092468 Near East chronology
82dfAgNl_Y8-00384-00092469-00092825 topic the date of the sack of babylon by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00385-00092826-00093005 the Hittites under king mercy Lee the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00386-00093006-00093185 first is considered crucial to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00387-00093186-00093359 various calculations of the early
82dfAgNl_Y8-00388-00093360-00093551 chronology of the ancient Near East as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00389-00093552-00093725 it is taken as a fixed point in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00390-00093726-00094007 discussion suggestions for its precise
82dfAgNl_Y8-00391-00094008-00094190 date vary by as much as two hundred
82dfAgNl_Y8-00392-00094191-00094382 thirty years corresponding to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00393-00094383-00094556 uncertainty regarding the length of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00394-00094557-00094823 Dark Age of the much later Late Bronze
82dfAgNl_Y8-00395-00094824-00095063 Age collapse resulting in the shift of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00396-00095064-00095252 the entire Bronze Age chronology of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00397-00095253-00095471 Mesopotamia with regard to the Egyptian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00398-00095472-00095741 chronology possible dates for the sack
82dfAgNl_Y8-00399-00095742-00096079 of Babylon are ultra short chronology
82dfAgNl_Y8-00400-00096080-00096740 1499 BC short chronology 15 31 BC middle
82dfAgNl_Y8-00401-00096741-00097289 chronology 1595 BC long chronology 16 51
82dfAgNl_Y8-00402-00097290-00098093 BC ultra long chronology 17 36 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00403-00098094-00098959 topic Kassite dynasty 1595 - 1155 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00404-00098960-00099337 topic the Kassite dynasty was founded by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00405-00099338-00099592 gaen - of mari the caste sites like the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00406-00099593-00099774 amorite rulers who had preceded them
82dfAgNl_Y8-00407-00099775-00099918 were not originally native to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00408-00099919-00100176 mesopotamia rather they had first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00409-00100177-00100360 appeared in the Zagros Mountains of what
82dfAgNl_Y8-00410-00100361-00100662 is today northwestern Iran the ethnic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00411-00100663-00100830 affiliation of the caste sites is
82dfAgNl_Y8-00412-00100831-00101080 unclear however their language was not
82dfAgNl_Y8-00413-00101081-00101296 Semitic or indo-european and is thought
82dfAgNl_Y8-00414-00101297-00101437 to have been either a language isolate
82dfAgNl_Y8-00415-00101438-00101635 or possibly related to the her Oh
82dfAgNl_Y8-00416-00101636-00101862 Eurasian language family of Anatolia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00417-00101863-00102024 although the evidence for its genetic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00418-00102025-00102187 affiliation is meagre due to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00419-00102188-00102499 scarcity of extant texts however several
82dfAgNl_Y8-00420-00102500-00102669 caste site leaders may have born
82dfAgNl_Y8-00421-00102670-00102852 indo-european names and they may have
82dfAgNl_Y8-00422-00102853-00103056 had an indo-european elite similar to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00423-00103057-00103249 the Mitanni elite that later ruled over
82dfAgNl_Y8-00424-00103250-00103423 the hurry ins of central and eastern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00425-00103424-00103668 Anatolia the caste sites renamed Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00426-00103669-00103869 card Aeneas and their rule lasted for
82dfAgNl_Y8-00427-00103870-00104058 five hundred seventy-six years the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00428-00104059-00104303 longest dynasty in Babylonian history
82dfAgNl_Y8-00429-00104304-00104556 this new foreign Dominion offers a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00430-00104557-00104727 striking analogy to the roughly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00431-00104728-00104923 contemporary rule of the Hyksos in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00432-00104924-00105208 ancient Egypt most divine attributes
82dfAgNl_Y8-00433-00105208-00105376 ascribed to the amorite kings of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00434-00105377-00105589 Babylonia disappeared at this time the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00435-00105590-00105901 title God was never given to a Kassite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00436-00105902-00106161 sovereign however Babylon continued to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00437-00106163-00106335 be the capital of the kingdom in one of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00438-00106336-00106651 the holy cities of Western Asia where
82dfAgNl_Y8-00439-00106652-00106854 the priests of the ancient Mesopotamian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00440-00106855-00107047 religion were all powerful and the only
82dfAgNl_Y8-00441-00107048-00107245 place where the right to inheritance of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00442-00107246-00107449 the short-lived old Babylonian Empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-00443-00107450-00107685 could be conferred Babylonia experienced
82dfAgNl_Y8-00444-00107686-00107902 short periods of relative power but in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00445-00107903-00108084 general proved to be relatively weak
82dfAgNl_Y8-00446-00108085-00108285 under the long rule of the Kassite and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00447-00108286-00108502 spent long periods under a Syrian and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00448-00108503-00108757 elamite domination and interference it
82dfAgNl_Y8-00449-00108758-00109045 is not clear precisely when Kassite rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-00450-00109046-00109288 of Babylon began but the indo-european
82dfAgNl_Y8-00451-00109289-00109509 Hittites from Anatolia did not remain in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00452-00109510-00109720 Babylonia for long after the sacking of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00453-00109721-00109908 the city and it is likely the cast sites
82dfAgNl_Y8-00454-00109909-00110211 moved in soon afterwards a gyum - took
82dfAgNl_Y8-00455-00110213-00110511 the throne for the casts i'ts in 1595 bc
82dfAgNl_Y8-00456-00110513-00110695 and ruled a state that extended from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00457-00110696-00110889 iran to the middle Euphrates the new
82dfAgNl_Y8-00458-00110890-00111078 king retained peaceful relations with
82dfAgNl_Y8-00459-00111079-00111339 era Shem 3 the native Mesopotamian king
82dfAgNl_Y8-00460-00111340-00111568 of Assyria but successfully went to war
82dfAgNl_Y8-00461-00111569-00111874 with the Hittites and 24 years after the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00462-00111875-00112051 Hittites took the sacred statue of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00463-00112052-00112252 Marduk he recovered it and declared the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00464-00112253-00112345 god equal to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00465-00112346-00112665 cassadee shook emunah Berna boria shy
82dfAgNl_Y8-00466-00112666-00112860 succeeded him and drew up a peace treaty
82dfAgNl_Y8-00467-00112861-00113083 with the assyrian king poozer asher the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00468-00113083-00113283 third and had a largely uneventful reign
82dfAgNl_Y8-00469-00113284-00113523 as did his successor cashed Ilyas three
82dfAgNl_Y8-00470-00113524-00113766 the Ceylon dynasty of southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00471-00113767-00113974 Mesopotamia remained independent of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00472-00113975-00114157 Babylonia and in made of Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00473-00114158-00114382 speaking hands however
82dfAgNl_Y8-00474-00114383-00114564 ulam boorish managed to attack it
82dfAgNl_Y8-00475-00114565-00114735 conquered parts of the land from a a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00476-00114736-00114966 Gamal a king with a distinctly Sumerian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00477-00114967-00115282 name around 1450 BC whereupon a again
82dfAgNl_Y8-00478-00115283-00115525 will fled to his allies in Elam the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00479-00115526-00115732 Ceylon dynasty region still remained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00480-00115733-00115948 independent however and the Kassite King
82dfAgNl_Y8-00481-00115949-00116119 seems to have been unable to finally
82dfAgNl_Y8-00482-00116120-00116398 conquer it ulam Boreas began making
82dfAgNl_Y8-00483-00116399-00116583 treaties with ancient egypt which then
82dfAgNl_Y8-00484-00116584-00116782 was ruling southern Canaan and Assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-00485-00116783-00116853 to the north
82dfAgNl_Y8-00486-00116854-00117133 kourin - built a bar relief temple in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00487-00117133-00117354 Eric and Kura ghalsuu the first fourteen
82dfAgNl_Y8-00488-00117355-00117643 fifteen to 13 90 BC built a new capital
82dfAgNl_Y8-00489-00117644-00117879 Dirk Oregon Zoo named after himself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00490-00117880-00118063 transferring administrative rule from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00491-00118064-00118351 Babylon both of these Kings continued to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00492-00118352-00118525 struggle unsuccessfully against the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00493-00118526-00118819 Ceylon dynasty a gam tree also
82dfAgNl_Y8-00494-00118820-00119034 campaigned against the sealant dynasty
82dfAgNl_Y8-00495-00119035-00119238 finally wholly conquering the far south
82dfAgNl_Y8-00496-00119239-00119466 of Mesopotamia for babylon destroying
82dfAgNl_Y8-00497-00119467-00119674 its capital durin lille in the process
82dfAgNl_Y8-00498-00119675-00119934 from there a gyum 3 extended farther
82dfAgNl_Y8-00499-00119935-00120133 south still invading what was many
82dfAgNl_Y8-00500-00120133-00120333 centuries later to be called the arabian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00501-00120334-00120534 peninsula and conquering the pre arab
82dfAgNl_Y8-00502-00120535-00120752 state of Dillman in modern bahrain
82dfAgNl_Y8-00503-00120753-00121024 karein - strengthened diplomatic ties
82dfAgNl_Y8-00504-00121025-00121225 with the assyrian king asher bell new
82dfAgNl_Y8-00505-00121226-00121428 sheshu and the egyptian pharaoh thutmose
82dfAgNl_Y8-00506-00121429-00121626 the third and protected babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00507-00121627-00121929 borders with Elam Kadosh Minh Harv I
82dfAgNl_Y8-00508-00121930-00122176 succeeded karein - and briefly invaded
82dfAgNl_Y8-00509-00122177-00122376 Elam before being eventually defeated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00510-00122377-00122688 and ejected by its King Teti aha he then
82dfAgNl_Y8-00511-00122689-00122889 had to contend with the Sudan's ancient
82dfAgNl_Y8-00512-00122890-00123039 Semitic speaking peoples from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00513-00123040-00123279 southeastern Levant - invaded Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00514-00123280-00123554 and satiric he describes having
82dfAgNl_Y8-00515-00123555-00123874 annihilated their extensive forces then
82dfAgNl_Y8-00516-00123875-00124069 constructed fortresses in a mountain
82dfAgNl_Y8-00517-00124070-00124282 region called high high in the desert to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00518-00124283-00124491 the west modern Syria as security
82dfAgNl_Y8-00519-00124492-00124764 outposts and he dug wells and settled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00520-00124765-00124986 people on fertile lands to strengthen
82dfAgNl_Y8-00521-00124988-00125257 the guard keurig all zou the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00522-00125258-00125466 succeeded the throne and soon came into
82dfAgNl_Y8-00523-00125467-00125586 conflict with Elam
82dfAgNl_Y8-00524-00125588-00125664 to the east
82dfAgNl_Y8-00525-00125665-00125944 when her battle-ax the successor of Tia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00526-00125945-00126106 Hart took the throne of Elam
82dfAgNl_Y8-00527-00126107-00126288 he began raiding the Babylonia tongue
82dfAgNl_Y8-00528-00126289-00126474 Ankara Gazi to do battle with him at
82dfAgNl_Y8-00529-00126475-00126747 door soulgee keurig all zoo launched a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00530-00126748-00126921 campaign which resulted in the abject
82dfAgNl_Y8-00531-00126922-00127146 defeat and capture of her badula who
82dfAgNl_Y8-00532-00127147-00127425 appears in no other inscriptions he went
82dfAgNl_Y8-00533-00127426-00127614 on to conquer the eastern lands of Elam
82dfAgNl_Y8-00534-00127615-00127812 this took his army to the elamite
82dfAgNl_Y8-00535-00127813-00128016 capital the city of Susa which was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00536-00128017-00128289 sacked after this a puppet ruler was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00537-00128290-00128496 placed on the elamite throne subject to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00538-00128497-00128751 Babylonia keurig all zoo the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00539-00128752-00128937 maintained friendly relations with a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00540-00128938-00129141 Syria Egypt and the Hittites throughout
82dfAgNl_Y8-00541-00129142-00129428 his reign Kadosh mannan lil the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00542-00129429-00129786 1374 to 1360 bc succeeded him and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00543-00129787-00130110 continued his diplomatic policies burna
82dfAgNl_Y8-00544-00130111-00130389 bury ich ii ascended to the throne in 13
82dfAgNl_Y8-00545-00130390-00130677 59 BC he retained friendly relations
82dfAgNl_Y8-00546-00130678-00130854 with Egypt but the resurgent middle
82dfAgNl_Y8-00547-00130855-00131238 assyrian empire 1365 to 1050 BC to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00548-00131239-00131419 north was now encroaching into northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00549-00131420-00131644 Babylonia and as a symbol of peace the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00550-00131645-00131833 Babylonian king took the daughter of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00551-00131834-00132043 powerful Assyrian King Asher you ballad
82dfAgNl_Y8-00552-00132044-00132276 I in marriage he also maintained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00553-00132277-00132496 friendly relations with soup Illuma a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00554-00132497-00132801 ruler of the Hittite Empire he was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00555-00132802-00133006 succeeded by Kara hardest who was half
82dfAgNl_Y8-00556-00133007-00133168 Assyrian and the grandson of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00557-00133169-00133500 Assyrian King in 1333 BC however a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00558-00133501-00133752 usurper named Nazi bougas deposed him in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00559-00133753-00133969 raging a sure you bleed I who invaded
82dfAgNl_Y8-00560-00133970-00134235 and sacked Babylon slew Nazi bogus and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00561-00134236-00134463 next Babylonian territory for the middle
82dfAgNl_Y8-00562-00134464-00134685 Assyrian Empire and installed Keurig all
82dfAgNl_Y8-00563-00134686-00135159 zu ii 1345 213 24 BC as his vassal ruler
82dfAgNl_Y8-00564-00135160-00135516 of Babylonia soon after Erik den ili
82dfAgNl_Y8-00565-00135517-00135804 succeeded the throne of Assyria in 1327
82dfAgNl_Y8-00566-00135805-00136026 BC keurig all zu the 3rd attacked
82dfAgNl_Y8-00567-00136027-00136188 Assyria in an attempt to reassert
82dfAgNl_Y8-00568-00136189-00136488 Babylonian power after some impressive
82dfAgNl_Y8-00569-00136489-00136674 initial successes he was ultimately
82dfAgNl_Y8-00570-00136675-00136906 defeated and lost yet more territory to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00571-00136907-00137391 Assyria between 1307 BC and 1230 to BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00572-00137392-00137637 his successors such as Nazi maroonish
82dfAgNl_Y8-00573-00137638-00137874 Kadosh mentor GU Kadosh Minh and lil the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00574-00137875-00138084 second Cadore and lil and Shigure octi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00575-00138085-00138268 Shaurya sh allied with the empires of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00576-00138269-00138447 the Hittites in the Mitanni who were
82dfAgNl_Y8-00577-00138448-00138666 both also losing swaths of territory to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00578-00138667-00138861 the resurgent Assyrians in a failed
82dfAgNl_Y8-00579-00138862-00139051 attempt to stop a Syrian expand
82dfAgNl_Y8-00580-00139052-00139359 which nevertheless continued unchecked
82dfAgNl_Y8-00581-00139360-00139861 cash delish IVs 12:42 - 1235 BC rain
82dfAgNl_Y8-00582-00139862-00140080 ended catastrophically as the Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00583-00140081-00140359 King to call Tina nerd of the first 1243
82dfAgNl_Y8-00584-00140360-00140680 to 1207 BC routed his armies sacked and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00585-00140681-00140887 burned Babylon and set himself up as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00586-00140888-00141076 King ironically becoming the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00587-00141077-00141271 native Mesopotamian to rule the state
82dfAgNl_Y8-00588-00141272-00141496 its previous rulers having all been non
82dfAgNl_Y8-00589-00141497-00141724 Mesopotamian Amorites and casts i'ts
82dfAgNl_Y8-00590-00141725-00142021 cash delious himself was taken to Asher
82dfAgNl_Y8-00591-00142022-00142279 as a prisoner of war and the syrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00592-00142280-00142477 governor king named in lille Natan
82dfAgNl_Y8-00593-00142478-00142654 Schumi was placed on the throne to rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-00594-00142655-00142894 as Viceroy - to call Tina nur die in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00595-00142895-00143158 Kadosh Minh Harb - and a dad Shuma Adina
82dfAgNl_Y8-00596-00143159-00143356 succeeded as a Syrian governor Kings
82dfAgNl_Y8-00597-00143357-00143578 subject - to kill Tina nerd - I until
82dfAgNl_Y8-00598-00143579-00143995 1216 BC Babylon did not begin to recover
82dfAgNl_Y8-00599-00143996-00144199 until late in the reign of a dad shuma
82dfAgNl_Y8-00600-00144200-00144604 us you are 1216 - 1189 BC as he -
82dfAgNl_Y8-00601-00144605-00144889 remained a vassal of Assyria until 1193
82dfAgNl_Y8-00602-00144890-00145201 BC however he was able to prevent the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00603-00145202-00145444 Assyrian King and lil Kaduri us you are
82dfAgNl_Y8-00604-00145445-00145690 from retaking Babylonia which apart from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00605-00145691-00145888 its northern reaches had mostly shrugged
82dfAgNl_Y8-00606-00145889-00146089 off a Syrian domination during a short
82dfAgNl_Y8-00607-00146090-00146263 period of civil war in the Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00608-00146264-00146476 Empire in the years after the death of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00609-00146477-00146913 tuple Tina merda Mellie ship ACTU 1188 -
82dfAgNl_Y8-00610-00146914-00147184 1172 BC seems to have had a peaceful
82dfAgNl_Y8-00611-00147185-00147463 reign despite not being able to regain
82dfAgNl_Y8-00612-00147464-00147676 northern Babylonia from Assyria no
82dfAgNl_Y8-00613-00147677-00147850 further territory was lost
82dfAgNl_Y8-00614-00147851-00148009 Elam did not threaten and the late
82dfAgNl_Y8-00615-00148010-00148207 bronze age collapse now affecting the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00616-00148208-00148429 Levant Canaan Egypt the Caucasus
82dfAgNl_Y8-00617-00148430-00148705 Anatolia Mediterranean North Africa
82dfAgNl_Y8-00618-00148706-00148891 northern Iran and Balkans seemed
82dfAgNl_Y8-00619-00148892-00149074 initially to have little impact on
82dfAgNl_Y8-00620-00149075-00149431 Babylonia or indeed Assyria and Elam war
82dfAgNl_Y8-00621-00149432-00149650 resumed under subsequent kings such as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00622-00149651-00150151 Marduk a PLA Adina I 1171 211 59 BC and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00623-00150152-00150541 zubaba Shuma Eden 11 58 BC the long
82dfAgNl_Y8-00624-00150542-00150904 reigning assyrian king asher dan i 11792
82dfAgNl_Y8-00625-00150905-00151249 11 33 BC resumed expansionist policies
82dfAgNl_Y8-00626-00151250-00151435 and conquered further parts of northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00627-00151436-00151621 Babylonia from both Kings and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00628-00151622-00151789 elamite rulers shut ratnick hunt
82dfAgNl_Y8-00629-00151790-00151972 eventually conquered most of Eastern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00630-00151973-00152433 Babylonia in lil Nate and HHH e 11:57
82dfAgNl_Y8-00631-00152434-00152764 11:55 BC was finally overthrown and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00632-00152765-00153004 Kassite dynasty ended after Asher Dan I
82dfAgNl_Y8-00633-00153005-00153157 conquered yet more of northern and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00634-00153158-00153331 central Babylonia and the equally
82dfAgNl_Y8-00635-00153332-00153517 powerful shut Rick nahan pushed deep
82dfAgNl_Y8-00636-00153518-00153700 into the heart of Babylonia itself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00637-00153701-00153924 sacking the city and slaying the King
82dfAgNl_Y8-00638-00153925-00154159 poetical works have been found lamenting
82dfAgNl_Y8-00639-00154160-00154441 this disaster despite the loss of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00640-00154442-00154684 territory general military weakness and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00641-00154685-00154846 evident reduction in literacy and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00642-00154847-00155065 culture the Kassite dynasty was the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00643-00155066-00155317 longest-lived dynasty of babylon lasting
82dfAgNl_Y8-00644-00155318-00155608 until 11:55 BC when Babylon was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00645-00155609-00155797 conquered by shut Rick nickhun de belem
82dfAgNl_Y8-00646-00155798-00155977 Andrey conquered a few years later by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00647-00155978-00156178 the Nebuchadnezzar a part of the larger
82dfAgNl_Y8-00648-00156179-00156586 Late Bronze Age collapse
82dfAgNl_Y8-00649-00156587-00156937 topic early iron age native rule second
82dfAgNl_Y8-00650-00156938-00157671 dynasty of Eisen 1155 to 1026 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00651-00157672-00158019 topic the Elamites did not remain in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00652-00158020-00158228 control of Babylonia long instead
82dfAgNl_Y8-00653-00158229-00158364 entering into an ultimately unsuccessful
82dfAgNl_Y8-00654-00158365-00158666 war with Assyria allowing Marduk abit
82dfAgNl_Y8-00655-00158667-00159123 issue 1155 to 1139 BC to establish the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00656-00159124-00159353 dynasty the forth of Babylon from isin
82dfAgNl_Y8-00657-00159354-00159537 with the very first native Akkadian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00658-00159538-00159771 speaking south Mesopotamian dynasty to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00659-00159772-00159987 rule Babylonia with Marduk Cabot eyes
82dfAgNl_Y8-00660-00159988-00160170 Shu becoming only the second native
82dfAgNl_Y8-00661-00160171-00160350 Mesopotamian to sit on the throne of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00662-00160351-00160557 Babylon after the assyrian king to kill
82dfAgNl_Y8-00663-00160558-00160770 Tina nerd of the first his dynasty was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00664-00160771-00161037 to remain in power for some 125 years
82dfAgNl_Y8-00665-00161038-00161313 the new king successfully drove out the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00666-00161314-00161511 Elamites and prevented any possible
82dfAgNl_Y8-00667-00161512-00161772 Kassite revival later in his reign he
82dfAgNl_Y8-00668-00161773-00161988 went to war with Assyria and had some
82dfAgNl_Y8-00669-00161989-00162198 initial success briefly capturing the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00670-00162199-00162416 South Assyrian city of eka Latham before
82dfAgNl_Y8-00671-00162417-00162614 ultimately suffering defeat at the hands
82dfAgNl_Y8-00672-00162615-00162914 of Asher deny it II Marduk Pilate
82dfAgNl_Y8-00673-00162915-00163221 succeeded his father in 1138 BC and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00674-00163222-00163439 successfully repelled elamite attacks on
82dfAgNl_Y8-00675-00163440-00163707 Babylonia during his eight year reign he
82dfAgNl_Y8-00676-00163708-00163920 too made attempts to attack a Syria but
82dfAgNl_Y8-00677-00163921-00164109 also met with failure at the hands of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00678-00164110-00164404 the still reigning Asher Dan I
82dfAgNl_Y8-00679-00164405-00164632 ninh erdan maiden Schumi took the throne
82dfAgNl_Y8-00680-00164633-00164935 in 1137 BC and also attempted an
82dfAgNl_Y8-00681-00164936-00165157 invasion of Assyria his armies seem to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00682-00165158-00165310 have skirted through eastern Armia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00683-00165311-00165529 modern Syria and then made an attempt to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00684-00165530-00165724 attack the Assyrian city of our Bala
82dfAgNl_Y8-00685-00165725-00165897 modern Erbil from the West
82dfAgNl_Y8-00686-00165898-00166162 however this bold move met with defeat
82dfAgNl_Y8-00687-00166163-00166432 at the hands of Asher Russia then forced
82dfAgNl_Y8-00688-00166433-00166594 a treaty in his favour upon the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00689-00166595-00167035 Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I 1124 to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00690-00167036-00167320 1103 BC was the most famous ruler of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00691-00167321-00167590 this dynasty he fought and defeated the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00692-00167591-00167797 Elamites and drove them from babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00693-00167798-00168061 territory invading Elam itself sacking
82dfAgNl_Y8-00694-00168062-00168277 the elamite capital Susa and recovering
82dfAgNl_Y8-00695-00168278-00168481 the sacred statue of Marduk that had
82dfAgNl_Y8-00696-00168482-00168664 been carried off from Babylon during the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00697-00168665-00168895 fall of the caste sites shortly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00698-00168896-00169063 afterwards the king of Elam was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00699-00169064-00169201 assassinated and his kingdom
82dfAgNl_Y8-00700-00169202-00169389 disintegrated into civil war
82dfAgNl_Y8-00701-00169390-00169657 however Nebuchadnezzar failed to extend
82dfAgNl_Y8-00702-00169658-00169882 Babylonian territory further being
82dfAgNl_Y8-00703-00169883-00170083 defeated a number of times by asher
82dfAgNl_Y8-00704-00170084-00170167 rishi i
82dfAgNl_Y8-00705-00170168-00170536 11 33 to 11:15 bc king of the middle
82dfAgNl_Y8-00706-00170537-00170764 assyrian empire for control of formerly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00707-00170765-00170953 hittite controlled territories in our
82dfAgNl_Y8-00708-00170954-00171259 amon Anatolia the Hittite Empire of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00709-00171260-00171463 northern and western Levant and eastern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00710-00171464-00171685 Anatolia had been largely and ex2 by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00711-00171686-00171907 middle Assyrian Empire and its Heartland
82dfAgNl_Y8-00712-00171908-00172117 finally overrun by invading Phrygians
82dfAgNl_Y8-00713-00172118-00172366 from the Balkans in the later years of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00714-00172367-00172561 his reign nebuchadnezzar i devoted
82dfAgNl_Y8-00715-00172562-00172789 himself to peaceful building projects
82dfAgNl_Y8-00716-00172790-00173005 and securing babylonians borders against
82dfAgNl_Y8-00717-00173006-00173289 the Assyrians Elamites and arameans
82dfAgNl_Y8-00718-00173290-00173530 nebuchadnezzar was succeeded by his two
82dfAgNl_Y8-00719-00173531-00173833 sons firstly in Lille Natan appli 1103
82dfAgNl_Y8-00720-00173834-00174118 to 1100 who lost territory to assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-00721-00174119-00174292 the second of them
82dfAgNl_Y8-00722-00174293-00174685 Marduk made an ahhg 1098 to 1080 one BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00723-00174686-00174970 also went to war with Assyria some
82dfAgNl_Y8-00724-00174971-00175186 initial success in these conflicts gave
82dfAgNl_Y8-00725-00175187-00175372 way to a catastrophic defeat at the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00726-00175373-00175567 hands of the powerful Assyrian King
82dfAgNl_Y8-00727-00175568-00175912 tiglath-pileser the first 11:15 to 1076
82dfAgNl_Y8-00728-00175913-00176224 BC who annexed huge swaths of Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00729-00176225-00176425 territory thus further expanding the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00730-00176426-00176662 Assyrian Empire following this a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00731-00176663-00176905 terrible famine gripped Babylon inviting
82dfAgNl_Y8-00732-00176906-00177067 attacks and migrations from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00733-00177068-00177244 Northwest Semitic era Mahon's and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00734-00177245-00177616 students from the Levant in 1072 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00735-00177617-00177790 Marduk epic sorry
82dfAgNl_Y8-00736-00177791-00178081 peace treaty with Asher Belle kala 1075
82dfAgNl_Y8-00737-00178082-00178414 210 56 BC of Assyria however his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00738-00178415-00178645 successor kid Osman Boreas was not so
82dfAgNl_Y8-00739-00178646-00178819 friendly to Assyria prompting the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00740-00178820-00179029 Assyrian King to invade Babylonia and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00741-00179030-00179311 depose him placing ad at a PLA Idina on
82dfAgNl_Y8-00742-00179312-00179560 the throne as his vassal a Syrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00743-00179561-00179863 domination continued until C 1050 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00744-00179864-00180226 with Marduk a hhe area and Marduk Z Rex
82dfAgNl_Y8-00745-00180227-00180514 regarded as vassals of Assyria after
82dfAgNl_Y8-00746-00180515-00180772 1050 BC the middle Assyrian Empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-00747-00180773-00180985 descended into a period of Civil War
82dfAgNl_Y8-00748-00180986-00181180 followed by constant warfare with the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00749-00181181-00181420 arameans Phrygians neo-hittite states
82dfAgNl_Y8-00750-00181421-00181645 and her Ian's allowing Babylonia to once
82dfAgNl_Y8-00751-00181646-00181810 more largely free itself from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00752-00181811-00182031 Assyrian yoke for a few decades
82dfAgNl_Y8-00753-00182032-00182323 however east semitic speaking Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00754-00182324-00182530 soon began to suffer further repeated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00755-00182531-00182734 incursions from West Semitic nomadic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00756-00182735-00182938 peoples migrating from the Levant during
82dfAgNl_Y8-00757-00182939-00183118 the Bronze Age collapse and during the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00758-00183119-00183361 11th century BC large swaths of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00759-00183362-00183610 Babylonian countryside was appropriated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00760-00183611-00183796 and occupied by these newly arrived
82dfAgNl_Y8-00761-00183797-00184042 Arameans and soutine's aramean settled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00762-00184043-00184234 much of the countryside in eastern and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00763-00184235-00184432 central Babylonia and the suti ins in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00764-00184433-00184582 the western desert with the weak
82dfAgNl_Y8-00765-00184583-00184795 babylonian kings being unable to stem
82dfAgNl_Y8-00766-00184796-00185162 these migrations
82dfAgNl_Y8-00767-00185163-00185961 topic period of chaos 1026 to 911 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00768-00185962-00186339 topic the ruling Babylonian dynasty of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00769-00186340-00186525 Naboo Shum Lieber was deposed by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00770-00186526-00186840 marauding arameans in 1026 BC in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00771-00186841-00187053 heart of Babylonia including the capital
82dfAgNl_Y8-00772-00187054-00187257 city itself descended into anarchic
82dfAgNl_Y8-00773-00187258-00187454 state and no King was to rule Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00774-00187455-00187619 for over 20 years
82dfAgNl_Y8-00775-00187620-00187935 however in southern Mesopotamia region
82dfAgNl_Y8-00776-00187936-00188124 corresponding with the old dynasty of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00777-00188125-00188544 the sealing dynasty v 1025 to 1004 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00778-00188545-00188799 arose this was ruled by sim Barcia pack
82dfAgNl_Y8-00779-00188800-00189003 leader of a Kassite clan and was in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00780-00189004-00189288 effect a separate state from Babylon the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00781-00189289-00189486 state of anarchy allowed the Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00782-00189487-00189873 ruler Ashur nur re IV 1019 to 1013 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00783-00189874-00190116 the opportunity to attack Babylonia in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00784-00190117-00190398 1018 BC and he invaded and captured the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00785-00190399-00190599 Babylonian city of at Lila and some
82dfAgNl_Y8-00786-00190600-00190887 northern regions for Assyria the South
82dfAgNl_Y8-00787-00190888-00191118 Mesopotamian dynasty was replaced by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00788-00191119-00191346 another Kassite dynasty dynasty the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00789-00191347-00191741 sixth 1003 to 984 BC which also seems to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00790-00191742-00191895 have regained control over Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00791-00191896-00192213 itself the Elamites deposed this brief
82dfAgNl_Y8-00792-00192214-00192491 Kassite revival with King marby da PLA
82dfAgNl_Y8-00793-00192492-00192746 us you are founding dynasty the seventh
82dfAgNl_Y8-00794-00192747-00193316 984 - 977 BC however this dynasty - fell
82dfAgNl_Y8-00795-00193317-00193500 when the Arameans once more ravaged
82dfAgNl_Y8-00796-00193501-00193854 Babylon Babylonian rule was restored by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00797-00193855-00194193 Naboo mukhin appala in 977 BC assuring
82dfAgNl_Y8-00798-00194194-00194472 and dynasty the 8th dynasty the ninth
82dfAgNl_Y8-00799-00194473-00194733 begins with nanar de Kaduri us you are -
82dfAgNl_Y8-00800-00194734-00195135 who ruled from 941 BC Babylonia remained
82dfAgNl_Y8-00801-00195136-00195341 weak during this period with whole areas
82dfAgNl_Y8-00802-00195342-00195573 of Babylonia now under firm aramean and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00803-00195574-00195873 Sudi in control Babylonian rulers were
82dfAgNl_Y8-00804-00195874-00196047 often forced to bow to pressure from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00805-00196048-00196239 Assyria and Elam both of which had
82dfAgNl_Y8-00806-00196240-00196721 appropriated Babylonian territory
82dfAgNl_Y8-00807-00196722-00197580 topic a Syrian rule 911 - 619 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00808-00197581-00197925 topic Babilonia remained in a state of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00809-00197926-00198180 chaos as the 10th century BC drew to a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00810-00198181-00198246 close
82dfAgNl_Y8-00811-00198247-00198510 a further migration of nomads from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00812-00198511-00198684 Levant occurred in the early 9th century
82dfAgNl_Y8-00813-00198685-00198927 BC with the arrival of the Chaldeans
82dfAgNl_Y8-00814-00198928-00199170 another nomadic Northwest Semitic people
82dfAgNl_Y8-00815-00199171-00199377 described in Assyrian Andals as that
82dfAgNl_Y8-00816-00199378-00199683 kal do the Chaldeans settled in the far
82dfAgNl_Y8-00817-00199684-00199884 southeast of Babylonia joining the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00818-00199885-00200094 already long extant arameans and sudhi
82dfAgNl_Y8-00819-00200095-00200439 ins by 850 BC the migrant Chaldeans had
82dfAgNl_Y8-00820-00200440-00200589 established their own land in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00821-00200590-00200879 extreme southeast of Mesopotamia from
82dfAgNl_Y8-00822-00200880-00201141 900 BC with the founding of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00823-00201142-00201573 neo-assyrian empire 911 to 605 BC by a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00824-00201574-00201849 Dada nur re to Babylon found itself once
82dfAgNl_Y8-00825-00201850-00202035 again under the domination and rule of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00826-00202036-00202230 its fellow Mesopotamian state for the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00827-00202231-00202527 next three centuries ad ad nur re -
82dfAgNl_Y8-00828-00202528-00202728 twice attacked and defeated shamash
82dfAgNl_Y8-00829-00202729-00202968 medomak of Babylonia annexing a large
82dfAgNl_Y8-00830-00202969-00203157 area of land north of the Diyala River
82dfAgNl_Y8-00831-00203158-00203352 in the towns of hidden zank in mid
82dfAgNl_Y8-00832-00203353-00203637 Mesopotamia he made further gains over
82dfAgNl_Y8-00833-00203638-00203919 Babylonia under Nabu Shuma uki and I
82dfAgNl_Y8-00834-00203920-00204165 later in his reign to kill Tina new
82dfAgNl_Y8-00835-00204166-00204402 tattoo and a sureness seer Paul - also
82dfAgNl_Y8-00836-00204403-00204615 forced Babylonia into vassalage and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00837-00204616-00205080 shaman easer 3 859 - 824 BC sacked
82dfAgNl_Y8-00838-00205081-00205359 Babylon itself slew King Nabu a PLA
82dfAgNl_Y8-00839-00205360-00205548 Idina subjugated the aramean
82dfAgNl_Y8-00840-00205548-00205734 sued Ian and Chaldean tribes settled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00841-00205735-00205965 within Babylonia and installed Marduk
82dfAgNl_Y8-00842-00205966-00206439 Zakir Schumi I 855 - 819 BC followed by
82dfAgNl_Y8-00843-00206440-00206937 Marduk Bala suae qbi 819 - 813 BC as his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00844-00206938-00207228 vassals it was during the late 8th 50s
82dfAgNl_Y8-00845-00207229-00207465 BC in the annals of shellman easer 3
82dfAgNl_Y8-00846-00207466-00207654 that the Chaldeans and Arabs are first
82dfAgNl_Y8-00847-00207655-00207807 mentioned in the pages of written
82dfAgNl_Y8-00848-00207808-00208086 recorded history upon the death of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00849-00208087-00208287 Shulman easer to baba aha
82dfAgNl_Y8-00850-00208288-00208473 Adina was reduced to vassalage by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00851-00208473-00208686 Assyrian Queen shamora Matt known as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00852-00208687-00208914 Semiramis to the Persians Armenians and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00853-00208915-00209130 Greeks acting as regent to his successor
82dfAgNl_Y8-00854-00209131-00209373 at a dinner re3 who was merely a boy a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00855-00209373-00209721 dad nur re3 eventually killed baba aha
82dfAgNl_Y8-00856-00209721-00209969 Adina and ruled there directly until 800
82dfAgNl_Y8-00857-00209971-00210263 BC until nan IRDA ap LAX was crowned
82dfAgNl_Y8-00858-00210264-00210537 however he too was subjugated by a dad
82dfAgNl_Y8-00859-00210538-00210831 nur re to the next assyrian king sham
82dfAgNl_Y8-00860-00210832-00210954 shia dad v the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00861-00210955-00211219 made a vassal of Marduk bells airy
82dfAgNl_Y8-00862-00211221-00211448 Babylonia briefly fell to another
82dfAgNl_Y8-00863-00211450-00211721 foreign ruler when Marduk a PLA us you
82dfAgNl_Y8-00864-00211723-00212019 are ascended the throne in 780 BC taking
82dfAgNl_Y8-00865-00212019-00212219 advantage of a period of civil war in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00866-00212221-00212490 Assyria he was a member of the Chaldean
82dfAgNl_Y8-00867-00212491-00212688 tribe who had a century or so earlier
82dfAgNl_Y8-00868-00212689-00212873 settled in a small region in the far
82dfAgNl_Y8-00869-00212875-00213081 southeastern corner of Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00870-00213082-00213242 bordering the Persian Gulf and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00871-00213244-00213537 southwestern Elam sham Shia Dada v
82dfAgNl_Y8-00872-00213538-00213702 attacked him in retook northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-00873-00213703-00213930 Babylonia forcing a border treaty in a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00874-00213931-00214212 serious favour upon him however he was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00875-00214213-00214362 allowed to remain on the throne and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00876-00214363-00214560 successfully stabilized the part of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00877-00214561-00214854 Babylonia he controlled area by Marduk
82dfAgNl_Y8-00878-00214855-00215217 another Chaldean succeeded him in 769 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00879-00215217-00215627 and his son Nabu shuma Ashkan in 761 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00880-00215628-00215841 Babylonia appears to have been in a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00881-00215842-00216042 state of chaos during this time with the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00882-00216042-00216261 North occupied by Assyria its throne
82dfAgNl_Y8-00883-00216262-00216501 occupied by foreign Chaldeans and civil
82dfAgNl_Y8-00884-00216502-00216792 unrest prominent throughout the land the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00885-00216792-00217038 Babylonian king naba Nasir overthrew the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00886-00217039-00217319 Chaldean usurpers in 748 BC and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00887-00217321-00217539 successfully stabilized Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-00888-00217540-00217776 remaining untroubled by a sure nur re V
82dfAgNl_Y8-00889-00217777-00218069 of Assyria however with the accession of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00890-00218071-00218546 tiglath-pileser three 745 to 727 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00891-00218548-00218783 Babylonia came under renewed attack
82dfAgNl_Y8-00892-00218784-00219060 Babylon was invaded and sacked and naba
82dfAgNl_Y8-00893-00219061-00219267 Nasser reduced to vassalage his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00894-00219267-00219453 successors Naboo Natan Zeri
82dfAgNl_Y8-00895-00219454-00219771 Naboo sulla ukin - and Naboo Mook in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00896-00219771-00219944 Zaire II were also in servitude to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00897-00219946-00220284 tiglath-pileser three until in 729 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00898-00220285-00220469 the Assyrian King decided to rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-00899-00220471-00220694 Babylon directly as its king instead of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00900-00220696-00220896 allowing babylonian kings to remain as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00901-00220896-00221117 vassals of Assyria as his predecessors
82dfAgNl_Y8-00902-00221119-00221427 had done for 200 years it was during
82dfAgNl_Y8-00903-00221428-00221621 this period that Eastern Aramaic was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00904-00221623-00221796 introduced by the Assyrians as the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00905-00221796-00221961 lingua franca of the neo-assyrian empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-00906-00221962-00222246 and Mesopotamian Aramaic began to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00907-00222246-00222446 supplant Akkadian as the spoken language
82dfAgNl_Y8-00908-00222448-00222654 of the general populace of both Assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-00909-00222655-00222990 and Babylonia the Assyrian King Salman
82dfAgNl_Y8-00910-00222991-00223246 easer v was declared king of Babylon in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00911-00223248-00223554 727 BC but died whilst besieging say
82dfAgNl_Y8-00912-00223555-00223994 Maria in 722 BC revolt was then fomented
82dfAgNl_Y8-00913-00223996-00224223 against a Syrian domination by Marduk a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00914-00224223-00224346 PLA Adena
82dfAgNl_Y8-00915-00224346-00224577 a Chaldean Malka chieftain of the far
82dfAgNl_Y8-00916-00224578-00224792 southeast of Mesopotamia was strong
82dfAgNl_Y8-00917-00224794-00225119 Elamites support Marduk a PLA Idina
82dfAgNl_Y8-00918-00225121-00225303 managed to take the throne of Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00919-00225304-00225744 itself between 721 to 710 BC whilst the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00920-00225744-00226223 assyrian king sargon ii 722 to 705 bc
82dfAgNl_Y8-00921-00226225-00226437 were otherwise occupied in defeating the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00922-00226438-00226629 Scythians and Sumerians who had attacked
82dfAgNl_Y8-00923-00226630-00226839 a serious Persian and median vassal
82dfAgNl_Y8-00924-00226840-00227160 colonies in ancient Iran Marduk a PLA
82dfAgNl_Y8-00925-00227161-00227382 Adina - was eventually defeated and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00926-00227383-00227631 ejected by Sargon - of Assyria and fled
82dfAgNl_Y8-00927-00227632-00227925 to his protectors in Elam Sargon to was
82dfAgNl_Y8-00928-00227926-00228121 then declared king in Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00929-00228123-00228615 Sennacherib 705 to 681 BC succeeded
82dfAgNl_Y8-00930-00228616-00228846 Sargon - and after ruling directly for a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00931-00228846-00229050 while he placed his son Asher Natan
82dfAgNl_Y8-00932-00229051-00229317 Schumi on the throne however Mara Doc
82dfAgNl_Y8-00933-00229317-00229512 valladon and his elamite protectors
82dfAgNl_Y8-00934-00229513-00229710 continued to unsuccessfully agitate
82dfAgNl_Y8-00935-00229711-00229850 against a Syrian rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-00936-00229851-00230123 Nergal ashes Eve and elamite murdered
82dfAgNl_Y8-00937-00230125-00230319 the assyrian prince and briefly took the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00938-00230319-00230571 throne this led to the infuriated
82dfAgNl_Y8-00939-00230571-00230784 Assyrian King Sennacherib invading and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00940-00230785-00231006 subjugating Elam and sacking babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-00941-00231007-00231216 laying waste to and largely destroying
82dfAgNl_Y8-00942-00231217-00231486 the city Sennacherib was soon murdered
82dfAgNl_Y8-00943-00231487-00231675 by his own sons while praying to the god
82dfAgNl_Y8-00944-00231676-00232050 miss rich in Manila in 681 BC a puppet
82dfAgNl_Y8-00945-00232051-00232308 King Marduk Zakir Schumi - was placed on
82dfAgNl_Y8-00946-00232309-00232476 the throne by the new Assyrian King
82dfAgNl_Y8-00947-00232477-00232821 Esarhaddon however Marduk a PLA Idina
82dfAgNl_Y8-00948-00232821-00233042 returned from exile in Elam and briefly
82dfAgNl_Y8-00949-00233044-00233265 deposed him forcing SR Hadden to attack
82dfAgNl_Y8-00950-00233266-00233463 and defeat him whereupon he once more
82dfAgNl_Y8-00951-00233464-00233658 fled to his master's in Elam where he
82dfAgNl_Y8-00952-00233659-00234234 died in exile SR Hadden 681 to 669 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-00953-00234235-00234465 ruled Babylon personally he completely
82dfAgNl_Y8-00954-00234466-00234684 rebuilt the city bringing rejuvenation
82dfAgNl_Y8-00955-00234685-00234939 and peace to the region upon his death
82dfAgNl_Y8-00956-00234940-00235098 and in an effort to maintain harmony
82dfAgNl_Y8-00957-00235098-00235287 within his vast empire which stretched
82dfAgNl_Y8-00958-00235288-00235521 from the Caucasus to Egypt and Nubia and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00959-00235521-00235746 from Cyprus to Iran he installed his
82dfAgNl_Y8-00960-00235746-00236013 eldest son shamash Shem ukin as a
82dfAgNl_Y8-00961-00236014-00236238 subject King in Babylon and his youngest
82dfAgNl_Y8-00962-00236239-00236633 the highly educated Ashurbanipal 669 to
82dfAgNl_Y8-00963-00236634-00236942 627 BC in the more senior position as
82dfAgNl_Y8-00964-00236944-00237153 king of Assyria and overlord of shamash
82dfAgNl_Y8-00965-00237154-00237319 M ukin
82dfAgNl_Y8-00966-00237321-00237558 despite being an Assyrian himself
82dfAgNl_Y8-00967-00237559-00237726 shamash mu ki
82dfAgNl_Y8-00968-00237727-00237935 after decades subject to his brother
82dfAgNl_Y8-00969-00237936-00238155 Ashurbanipal declared that the city of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00970-00238156-00238367 Babylon and not the Assyrian city of
82dfAgNl_Y8-00971-00238369-00238509 Nineveh should be the seat of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00972-00238510-00238782 immense Empire he raised a major revolt
82dfAgNl_Y8-00973-00238783-00238994 against his brother Ashurbanipal
82dfAgNl_Y8-00974-00238996-00239238 he led a powerful coalition of peoples
82dfAgNl_Y8-00975-00239239-00239469 also resentful of Assyrian subjugation
82dfAgNl_Y8-00976-00239469-00239700 and rule including Elam the Persians
82dfAgNl_Y8-00977-00239701-00239979 Medes the Babylonians Chaldeans and sooo
82dfAgNl_Y8-00978-00239980-00240165 Tian's of southern Mesopotamia the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00979-00240166-00240354 Arameans of the Levant and Southwest
82dfAgNl_Y8-00980-00240355-00240573 Mesopotamia the Arabs and dilma Knights
82dfAgNl_Y8-00981-00240573-00240732 of the Arabian Peninsula and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00982-00240733-00240981 Canaanites Phoenicians after a bitter
82dfAgNl_Y8-00983-00240982-00241176 struggle Babylon was sacked and its
82dfAgNl_Y8-00984-00241177-00241473 allies vanquished shamash mu k IM being
82dfAgNl_Y8-00985-00241473-00241594 killed in the process
82dfAgNl_Y8-00986-00241596-00241878 Elam was destroyed once and for all and
82dfAgNl_Y8-00987-00241879-00242160 the Babylonians Persians Chaldeans arabs
82dfAgNl_Y8-00988-00242161-00242316 Medes Elamites
82dfAgNl_Y8-00989-00242317-00242541 arameans Sudi ins and Canaanites were
82dfAgNl_Y8-00990-00242542-00242744 violently subjugated with a Syrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00991-00242746-00242942 troops exacting savage revenge on the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00992-00242944-00243173 rebelling peoples and the Syrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-00993-00243175-00243360 governor named candolyn who was placed
82dfAgNl_Y8-00994-00243361-00243534 on the throne to rule on behalf of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-00995-00243535-00243804 Assyrian King upon Ashurbanipal z--
82dfAgNl_Y8-00996-00243805-00244226 death in 627 BC his son Asher Edelin II
82dfAgNl_Y8-00997-00244227-00244689 627 to 623 BC became ruler of Babylon in
82dfAgNl_Y8-00998-00244690-00245042 Assyria however a serious soon descended
82dfAgNl_Y8-00999-00245044-00245259 into a series of brutal internal civil
82dfAgNl_Y8-01000-00245260-00245459 wars which were to cause its downfall
82dfAgNl_Y8-01001-00245460-00245754 Asher Edelen II was deposed by one of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01002-00245755-00245967 his own generals named sin-shoo muli
82dfAgNl_Y8-01003-00245967-00246294 Shir in 623 BC who also set himself up
82dfAgNl_Y8-01004-00246294-00246591 as King in Babylon after only one year
82dfAgNl_Y8-01005-00246592-00246819 on the throne amidst continual Civil War
82dfAgNl_Y8-01006-00246819-00247248 Sanjaya sheikhan 622 to 612 BC now stood
82dfAgNl_Y8-01007-00247248-00247484 him as ruler of Assyria and Babylonia in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01008-00247485-00247851 622 BC however he too was beset by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01009-00247852-00248067 constant under medieval war in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01010-00248067-00248328 Assyrian heartland Babylonia took
82dfAgNl_Y8-01011-00248329-00248508 advantage of this and rebelled under
82dfAgNl_Y8-01012-00248509-00248727 nabob pilaster a previously unknown
82dfAgNl_Y8-01013-00248728-00248955 Malka chieftain of the Chaldeans who had
82dfAgNl_Y8-01014-00248956-00249248 settled in southeastern mesopotamia by c
82dfAgNl_Y8-01015-00249248-00249644 850 BC it was during the reign of sin
82dfAgNl_Y8-01016-00249646-00249869 char ich kann that a serious vast empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-01017-00249871-00250104 began to unravel and many of its former
82dfAgNl_Y8-01018-00250105-00250338 subject people cease to pay tribute most
82dfAgNl_Y8-01019-00250339-00250523 significantly for the Assyrians the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01020-00250525-00250778 Babylonians Chaldeans Medes Persians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01021-00250779-00251309 Scythians arameans and Sumerians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01022-00251310-00252001 topic neo-babylonian empire Chaldean era
82dfAgNl_Y8-01023-00252002-00252444 topic in 620 BC may bappa lesser seized
82dfAgNl_Y8-01024-00252446-00252661 control over much of Babylonia with the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01025-00252662-00252853 support of most of the inhabitants with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01026-00252854-00253003 only the city of Knipper and some
82dfAgNl_Y8-01027-00253004-00253192 northern regions showing any loyalty to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01028-00253192-00253453 the beleaguered Assyrian King neyba
82dfAgNl_Y8-01029-00253454-00253663 pilaster was unable to utterly secure
82dfAgNl_Y8-01030-00253664-00253873 Babylonia and for the next four years he
82dfAgNl_Y8-01031-00253873-00254071 was forced to contend with an occupying
82dfAgNl_Y8-01032-00254071-00254290 a Syrian army encamped in Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01033-00254291-00254409 trying to unseat him
82dfAgNl_Y8-01034-00254410-00254694 however the Assyrian King sin Shah
82dfAgNl_Y8-01035-00254696-00254905 Riskin was plagued by constant revolts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01036-00254906-00255091 among his people in Nineveh and was thus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01037-00255092-00255409 prevented from ejecting naval placer the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01038-00255410-00255717 stalemate ended in 615 BC when neyba
82dfAgNl_Y8-01039-00255719-00255913 pilaster entered the Babylonians and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01040-00255914-00256129 Chaldeans into alliance with SCI access
82dfAgNl_Y8-01041-00256130-00256381 an erstwhile vassal of Assyria and king
82dfAgNl_Y8-01042-00256382-00256548 of the Iranian people's the Medes
82dfAgNl_Y8-01043-00256550-00256888 Persians cigar shins and Parthians syak
82dfAgNl_Y8-01044-00256889-00257092 sayers had also taken advantage of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01045-00257092-00257269 Assyrian destruction of the formerly
82dfAgNl_Y8-01046-00257269-00257503 regionally dominant pre Iranian elamite
82dfAgNl_Y8-01047-00257504-00257673 and Manion nations in the subsequent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01048-00257675-00257905 anarchy in Assyria to free the ironic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01049-00257906-00258069 peoples from three centuries of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01050-00258071-00258256 Assyrian yoke and regional elamite
82dfAgNl_Y8-01051-00258257-00258523 domination the Scythians from north of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01052-00258523-00258715 the Caucasus and the Sumerians from the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01053-00258716-00258889 Black Sea who had both also been
82dfAgNl_Y8-01054-00258890-00259078 subjugated by Assyria joined the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01055-00259079-00259294 Alliance as did regional aramean tribes
82dfAgNl_Y8-01056-00259294-00259714 in 615 BC while the Assyrian King was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01057-00259715-00259921 fully occupied fighting rebels in both
82dfAgNl_Y8-01058-00259921-00260206 Babylonia and Assyria itself syak sayers
82dfAgNl_Y8-01059-00260207-00260380 launched a surprise attack on the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01060-00260381-00260592 Assyrian heartland sacking the cities of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01061-00260594-00260848 Calhoun the biblical Kalaa neem rod and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01062-00260848-00261103 a rapke modern Kirkuk may bappa Lasser
82dfAgNl_Y8-01063-00261104-00261246 was still pinned down in southern
82dfAgNl_Y8-01064-00261248-00261451 Mesopotamia and thus not involved in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01065-00261452-00261715 this breakthrough from this point on the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01066-00261716-00261979 coalition of Babylonians Chaldeans Medes
82dfAgNl_Y8-01067-00261980-00262156 Persians Scythians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01068-00262157-00262348 Sumerians and cigar shion's fought in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01069-00262349-00262540 unison against a civil war ravaged
82dfAgNl_Y8-01070-00262541-00262858 Assyria major Assyrian cities such as a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01071-00262859-00263149 sure are Bala modern Erbil Guzan de deur
82dfAgNl_Y8-01072-00263150-00263398 shah rukh in modern Khorsabad imager and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01073-00263399-00263701 lil noob RT a sure gas or Kennish cara
82dfAgNl_Y8-01074-00263702-00263896 sureness apple and tush n fell to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01075-00263897-00264292 Alliance during 614 BC Sinjar Ishq and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01076-00264293-00264463 somehow managed to rally against the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01077-00264464-00264733 odds during 613 BC and drove back the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01078-00264734-00264960 combined forces ranged against him
82dfAgNl_Y8-01079-00264961-00265219 however the Alliance launched a renewed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01080-00265220-00265367 combined attack the follow
82dfAgNl_Y8-01081-00265368-00265550 year and after five years of fierce
82dfAgNl_Y8-01082-00265551-00265784 fighting Nineveh was sacked in late 612
82dfAgNl_Y8-01083-00265785-00266009 BC after a prolonged siege in which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01084-00266010-00266210 Sinjar ich Caen was killed defending his
82dfAgNl_Y8-01085-00266211-00266420 capital house-to-house fighting
82dfAgNl_Y8-01086-00266421-00266657 continued in Nineveh and an Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01087-00266658-00266798 general and member of the royal
82dfAgNl_Y8-01088-00266799-00266993 household took the throne as a sure.you
82dfAgNl_Y8-01089-00266994-00267491 bullet - 612 - 605 BC he was offered the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01090-00267492-00267659 chance of accepting a position of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01091-00267660-00267842 vassalage by the leaders of the Alliance
82dfAgNl_Y8-01092-00267843-00268042 according to the Babylonian Chronicle
82dfAgNl_Y8-01093-00268043-00268298 however he refused and managed to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01094-00268299-00268454 successfully fight his way out of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01095-00268455-00268625 Nineveh and to the northern assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01096-00268626-00268829 city of Harran in Upper Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01097-00268830-00269069 where he founded a new capital the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01098-00269070-00269279 fighting continued as the Assyrian King
82dfAgNl_Y8-01099-00269280-00269549 held out against the Alliance until 607
82dfAgNl_Y8-01100-00269550-00269786 BC when he was eventually ejected by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01101-00269787-00270017 Medes Babylonians Scythians and their
82dfAgNl_Y8-01102-00270018-00270203 allies and prevented in an attempt to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01103-00270204-00270467 regain the city the same year the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01104-00270468-00270746 Egyptian pharaoh necho ii whose dynasty
82dfAgNl_Y8-01105-00270747-00270953 had been installed as vassals of assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-01106-00270954-00271280 in 671 BC belatedly tried to ad JYP's
82dfAgNl_Y8-01107-00271281-00271520 former assyrian masters possibly out of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01108-00271521-00271715 fear that egypt would be next to succumb
82dfAgNl_Y8-01109-00271716-00271889 to the new powers without assyria to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01110-00271890-00272087 protect them having already been ravaged
82dfAgNl_Y8-01111-00272088-00272360 by the Scythians the Assyrians fought on
82dfAgNl_Y8-01112-00272361-00272519 with Egyptian aid until what was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01113-00272520-00272744 probably a final decisive victory was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01114-00272745-00272921 achieved against them at karkemish in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01115-00272922-00273314 northwestern Assyria in 605 BC the seat
82dfAgNl_Y8-01116-00273315-00273488 of empire was thus transferred to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01117-00273489-00273659 Babylonia for the first time since
82dfAgNl_Y8-01118-00273660-00273919 Hammurabi over a thousand years before
82dfAgNl_Y8-01119-00273920-00274193 nabob pilaster was followed by his son
82dfAgNl_Y8-01120-00274194-00274664 nebuchadnezzar ii 605 to 562 BC whose
82dfAgNl_Y8-01121-00274665-00274937 reign of 43 years made babylon once more
82dfAgNl_Y8-01122-00274938-00275117 the ruler of much of the civilized world
82dfAgNl_Y8-01123-00275118-00275324 taking over portions of the former
82dfAgNl_Y8-01124-00275325-00275519 Assyrian Empire with the eastern and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01125-00275520-00275714 northeastern portion being taken by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01126-00275715-00275921 Medes and the far north by the Scythians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01127-00275922-00276131 nebuchadnezzar ii may have also had to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01128-00276132-00276305 contend with remnants of the assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01129-00276306-00276593 resistance some sections of the Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01130-00276594-00276788 army and administration may have still
82dfAgNl_Y8-01131-00276789-00277010 continued in and around or cat limo in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01132-00277011-00277241 Northwest Assyria for a time however by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01133-00277242-00277550 599 BC assyrian imperial records from
82dfAgNl_Y8-01134-00277551-00277724 this region also fell silent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01135-00277725-00277985 the fate of a sure.you bullet - remains
82dfAgNl_Y8-01136-00277986-00278156 unknown and he may have been killed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01137-00278157-00278354 attempting to regain Haran at karkemish
82dfAgNl_Y8-01138-00278355-00278552 or continued to fight on eventually
82dfAgNl_Y8-01139-00278553-00278756 disappearing into obscurity
82dfAgNl_Y8-01140-00278757-00279012 the Scythians and Sumerians first while
82dfAgNl_Y8-01141-00279013-00279264 allies of Babylonia under nabob pilaster
82dfAgNl_Y8-01142-00279265-00279455 now became a threat and nebuchadnezzar
82dfAgNl_Y8-01143-00279456-00279680 ii was forced to march into Anatolia and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01144-00279681-00279878 rout their forces ending the northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-01145-00279879-00280000 threat to his empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-01146-00280001-00280277 the Egyptians attempted to remain in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01147-00280278-00280467 near East possibly in an effort to aid
82dfAgNl_Y8-01148-00280468-00280709 in restoring Assyria as a secure buffer
82dfAgNl_Y8-01149-00280710-00280890 against Babylonia and the Medes and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01150-00280891-00281075 Persians or to carve out an empire of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01151-00281076-00281364 their own nebuchadnezzar ii campaigned
82dfAgNl_Y8-01152-00281365-00281531 against the egyptians and drove them
82dfAgNl_Y8-01153-00281532-00281807 back over the sinai however an attempt
82dfAgNl_Y8-01154-00281808-00282008 to take Egypt itself as his Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01155-00282009-00282194 predecessors had succeeded in doing
82dfAgNl_Y8-01156-00282195-00282383 failed mainly due to a series of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01157-00282384-00282599 rebellions from the Israelites of Judah
82dfAgNl_Y8-01158-00282600-00282779 and the former kingdom of Ephraim the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01159-00282780-00282956 Phoenicians of Canaan and the arameans
82dfAgNl_Y8-01160-00282957-00283031 of the Levant
82dfAgNl_Y8-01161-00283032-00283271 the Babylonian king crushed these
82dfAgNl_Y8-01162-00283272-00283505 rebellions deposed jehovah CIM the king
82dfAgNl_Y8-01163-00283506-00283724 of judah and deported a sizable part of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01164-00283725-00284009 the population to Babylonia cities like
82dfAgNl_Y8-01165-00284010-00284222 tyre Sidon and Damascus were also
82dfAgNl_Y8-01166-00284223-00284453 subjugated the Arabs and other South
82dfAgNl_Y8-01167-00284454-00284660 Arabian peoples who dwelt in the deserts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01168-00284661-00284780 to the south of the borders of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01169-00284781-00285143 Mesopotamia were then also subjugated in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01170-00285144-00285485 567 BC he went to war with feral amasses
82dfAgNl_Y8-01171-00285486-00285792 and briefly invaded Egypt itself after
82dfAgNl_Y8-01172-00285793-00285993 securing his empire which included
82dfAgNl_Y8-01173-00285994-00286193 marrying a median princess he devoted
82dfAgNl_Y8-01174-00286194-00286400 himself to maintaining the Empire and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01175-00286401-00286583 conducting numerous impressive building
82dfAgNl_Y8-01176-00286584-00286874 projects in Babylon he is credited with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01177-00286875-00287054 building the fabled Hanging Gardens of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01178-00287055-00287270 Babylon amel Marduk succeeded to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01179-00287271-00287470 throne and reigned for only two years
82dfAgNl_Y8-01180-00287471-00287739 little contemporary record of his rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-01181-00287740-00287975 survives the Barossa slater stated that
82dfAgNl_Y8-01182-00287976-00288254 he was deposed and murdered in 560 bc by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01183-00288255-00288422 his successor narrow glass are for
82dfAgNl_Y8-01184-00288423-00288800 conducting himself in an improper manner
82dfAgNl_Y8-01185-00288801-00289289 Nerra glass are 562 556 BC also had a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01186-00289290-00289532 short reign he was the son-in-law of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01187-00289533-00289754 nebuchadnezzar ii and it is unclear if
82dfAgNl_Y8-01188-00289755-00289973 he was a Chaldean her native babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01189-00289974-00290204 who married into the dynasty he
82dfAgNl_Y8-01190-00290205-00290362 campaigned in aram and Phoenicia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01191-00290363-00290606 successfully maintaining Babylonian rule
82dfAgNl_Y8-01192-00290607-00290903 in these regions naira Glaser died young
82dfAgNl_Y8-01193-00290904-00291086 however and was succeeded by his son
82dfAgNl_Y8-01194-00291087-00291467 labaki Marduk 556 BC who was still a boy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01195-00291468-00291725 he was deposed and killed during the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01196-00291726-00292031 same year in a palace conspiracy of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01197-00292032-00292283 reign of the last Babylonian king Navin
82dfAgNl_Y8-01198-00292284-00292877 itis Naboo na Eid 556 to 539 BC who is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01199-00292878-00293087 the son of the Assyrian priestess ad
82dfAgNl_Y8-01200-00293088-00293303 agape and who managed to kill the last
82dfAgNl_Y8-01201-00293304-00293606 Chaldean King labaki Marduk and took the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01202-00293607-00293765 reign there is a fair amount of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01203-00293766-00294092 information available nabonidus hence
82dfAgNl_Y8-01204-00294093-00294338 his son the regent Belshazzar was at
82dfAgNl_Y8-01205-00294339-00294653 least from the mother s side neither
82dfAgNl_Y8-01206-00294654-00294896 Chaldean nor babylonian but ironically
82dfAgNl_Y8-01207-00294897-00295124 Assyrian hailing from its final capital
82dfAgNl_Y8-01208-00295125-00295484 of Haran Kara knew his father s origins
82dfAgNl_Y8-01209-00295485-00295742 remain unknown information regarding
82dfAgNl_Y8-01210-00295743-00295982 nabonidus as chiefly derived from a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01211-00295983-00296201 chronological tablet containing the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01212-00296202-00296426 annals of nabonidus supplemented by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01213-00296427-00296675 another inscription of nabonidus where
82dfAgNl_Y8-01214-00296676-00296870 he recounts his restoration of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01215-00296871-00297098 temple of the moon god sin at Haran as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01216-00297099-00297329 well as by a proclamation of cyrus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01217-00297330-00297533 issued shortly after his formal
82dfAgNl_Y8-01218-00297534-00297752 recognition as king of Babylonia a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01219-00297753-00297956 number of factors arose which would
82dfAgNl_Y8-01220-00297957-00298171 ultimately lead to the fall of Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-01221-00298172-00298490 the population of Babylonia became
82dfAgNl_Y8-01222-00298491-00298703 restive and increasingly disaffected
82dfAgNl_Y8-01223-00298704-00298991 under nabonidus he excited a strong
82dfAgNl_Y8-01224-00298992-00299228 feeling against himself by attempting to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01225-00299229-00299477 centralize the polytheistic religion of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01226-00299478-00299714 Babylonia in the temple of Marduk at
82dfAgNl_Y8-01227-00299715-00299948 Babylon and while he had thus alienated
82dfAgNl_Y8-01228-00299949-00300158 the local priests hoods the military
82dfAgNl_Y8-01229-00300159-00300395 party also despised him on account of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01230-00300396-00300710 his antiquarian tastes he seemed to have
82dfAgNl_Y8-01231-00300711-00300920 left the defense of his kingdom to his
82dfAgNl_Y8-01232-00300921-00301193 son Belshazzar a capable soldier but
82dfAgNl_Y8-01233-00301194-00301391 poor diplomat who alienated the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01234-00301392-00301637 political elite occupying himself with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01235-00301638-00301856 the more congenial work of excavating
82dfAgNl_Y8-01236-00301857-00302063 the foundation records of the temples
82dfAgNl_Y8-01237-00302064-00302156 and determining
82dfAgNl_Y8-01238-00302157-00302456 dates of their builders he also spent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01239-00302457-00302687 time outside Babylonia rebuilding
82dfAgNl_Y8-01240-00302688-00302918 temples in the Assyrian city of Harran
82dfAgNl_Y8-01241-00302919-00303167 and also among his Arab subjects in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01242-00303168-00303421 deserts to the south of Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01243-00303422-00303770 nabonidus and Belshazzar s assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01244-00303771-00303989 heritage is also likely to have added to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01245-00303990-00304292 this resentment in addition Mesopotamian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01246-00304293-00304454 military might had usually been
82dfAgNl_Y8-01247-00304455-00304631 concentrated in the martial state of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01248-00304632-00304925 Assyria Babylonia had always been more
82dfAgNl_Y8-01249-00304926-00305153 vulnerable to conquest and invasion than
82dfAgNl_Y8-01250-00305154-00305306 its northern neighbor and without the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01251-00305307-00305504 might of Assyria to keep foreign powers
82dfAgNl_Y8-01252-00305505-00305705 in check and Mesopotamia dominant
82dfAgNl_Y8-01253-00305706-00306047 Babylonia was ultimately exposed it was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01254-00306048-00306353 in the sixth year of nabonidus 549 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01255-00306354-00306551 that Cyrus the Great the Achaemenid
82dfAgNl_Y8-01256-00306552-00306896 Persian king of on Shan in Elam revolted
82dfAgNl_Y8-01257-00306897-00307127 against his suzerain a Stooges king of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01258-00307128-00307457 demanda or Medes a tig batana astyages
82dfAgNl_Y8-01259-00307458-00307709 army betrayed him to his enemy and Cyrus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01260-00307710-00307919 established himself at egg botana thus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01261-00307920-00308075 putting an end to the Empire of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01262-00308076-00308249 Medes and making the Persian faction
82dfAgNl_Y8-01263-00308250-00308534 dominant among the ironic people's three
82dfAgNl_Y8-01264-00308535-00308750 years later Cyrus had become king of all
82dfAgNl_Y8-01265-00308751-00308972 Persia and was engaged in a campaign to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01266-00308973-00309172 put down a revolt among the Assyrians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01267-00309173-00309449 meanwhile nabonidus had established a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01268-00309450-00309626 camp in the desert of his colony of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01269-00309627-00309824 Arabia near the southern frontier of his
82dfAgNl_Y8-01270-00309825-00310013 kingdom leaving his son Belshazzar
82dfAgNl_Y8-01271-00310014-00310187 they'll share it sore in command of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01272-00310188-00310673 army in 539 BC Cyrus invaded Babylonia a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01273-00310674-00310883 battle was fought at opus in the month
82dfAgNl_Y8-01274-00310884-00311060 of June where the Babylonians were
82dfAgNl_Y8-01275-00311061-00311243 defeated and immediately afterwards
82dfAgNl_Y8-01276-00311244-00311434 sipar surrendered to the invader
82dfAgNl_Y8-01277-00311435-00311717 nabonidus fled to Babylon where he was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01278-00311718-00311942 pursued by go Bria's and on the 16th day
82dfAgNl_Y8-01279-00311943-00312152 of Tammuz two days after the capture of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01280-00312153-00312416 sipar the soldiers of cyrus entered
82dfAgNl_Y8-01281-00312417-00312566 Babylon without fighting
82dfAgNl_Y8-01282-00312567-00312827 Navan itis was dragged from his hiding
82dfAgNl_Y8-01283-00312828-00313007 place where the services continued
82dfAgNl_Y8-01284-00313008-00313259 without interruption Cyrus did not
82dfAgNl_Y8-01285-00313260-00313439 arrive until the 3rd of March s von
82dfAgNl_Y8-01286-00313440-00313673 October go brie is having acted for him
82dfAgNl_Y8-01287-00313674-00313754 in his absence
82dfAgNl_Y8-01288-00313755-00314009 goeb Ria's was now made governor of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01289-00314010-00314198 province of Babylon and a few days
82dfAgNl_Y8-01290-00314199-00314363 afterwards Belshazzar the son of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01291-00314364-00314648 nabonidus died in battle a public
82dfAgNl_Y8-01292-00314649-00314873 mourning followed lasting six days and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01293-00314874-00315080 Cyrus son Cambyses accompanied the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01294-00315081-00315272 corpse to the tomb one of the first acts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01295-00315273-00315458 of Cyrus accordingly was to allow the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01296-00315459-00315542 Jewish eggs
82dfAgNl_Y8-01297-00315543-00315737 to return to their own homes carrying
82dfAgNl_Y8-01298-00315738-00315899 with them their sacred temple vessels
82dfAgNl_Y8-01299-00315900-00316180 the permission to do so was embodied in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01300-00316181-00316379 a proclamation whereby the conqueror
82dfAgNl_Y8-01301-00316380-00316574 endeavored to justify his claim to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01302-00316575-00316802 Babylonian throne Cyrus now claimed to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01303-00316803-00316964 be the legitimate successor of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01304-00316965-00317182 ancient babylonian kings and the avenger
82dfAgNl_Y8-01305-00317183-00317348 of bel Marduk who is assumed to be
82dfAgNl_Y8-01306-00317349-00317576 wrathful at the impiety of nabonidus in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01307-00317577-00317755 removing the images of the local gods
82dfAgNl_Y8-01308-00317756-00317935 from their ancestral shrines to his
82dfAgNl_Y8-01309-00317936-00318167 capital Babylon the Chaldean tribe had
82dfAgNl_Y8-01310-00318168-00318398 lost control of Babylonia decades before
82dfAgNl_Y8-01311-00318399-00318599 the end of the era that sometimes bears
82dfAgNl_Y8-01312-00318600-00318725 their name and they appear to have
82dfAgNl_Y8-01313-00318726-00318920 blended into the general populace of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01314-00318921-00319156 Babylonia even before this for example
82dfAgNl_Y8-01315-00319157-00319403 may bopiliao sir nebuchadnezzar ii and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01316-00319404-00319571 their successors always referred to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01317-00319572-00319769 themselves as Shar Akkad and never as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01318-00319770-00319984 Shar Cal do on inscriptions and during
82dfAgNl_Y8-01319-00319985-00320179 the Persian Achaemenid Empire the term
82dfAgNl_Y8-01320-00320180-00320383 Chaldean ceased to refer to a race of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01321-00320384-00320581 people and instead specifically to a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01322-00320582-00320798 social class of priests educated in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01323-00320799-00320978 classical babylonian literature
82dfAgNl_Y8-01324-00320979-00321203 particularly astronomy in astrology
82dfAgNl_Y8-01325-00321204-00321692 by the mid Seleucid Empire 312 to 150 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01326-00321693-00322203 period this term - had fallen from use
82dfAgNl_Y8-01327-00322204-00322743 topic Persian Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01328-00322744-00323103 topic Babilonia was absorbed into the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01329-00323104-00323514 Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC a year
82dfAgNl_Y8-01330-00323515-00323865 before Cyrus death in 529 BC he elevated
82dfAgNl_Y8-01331-00323866-00324102 his son Cambyses ii in the government
82dfAgNl_Y8-01332-00324103-00324291 making him king of babylon while he
82dfAgNl_Y8-01333-00324292-00324486 reserved for himself the fuller title of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01334-00324487-00324768 king of the other provinces of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01335-00324769-00325026 Empire it was only when Darius the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-01336-00325027-00325221 acquired the Persian throne and ruled it
82dfAgNl_Y8-01337-00325222-00325431 as a representative of the Zoroastrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01338-00325432-00325605 religion that the old tradition was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01339-00325606-00325803 broken and the claim of babylon to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01340-00325804-00325977 confer legitimacy on the rulers of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01341-00325978-00326199 western asia ceased to be acknowledged
82dfAgNl_Y8-01342-00326200-00326406 immediately after darius seized persia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01343-00326407-00326610 Babylonia briefly recovered its
82dfAgNl_Y8-01344-00326611-00326781 independence under a native ruler
82dfAgNl_Y8-01345-00326782-00326964 knitting DeBell who took the name of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01346-00326965-00327135 nebuchadnezzar 3 and reigned from
82dfAgNl_Y8-01347-00327136-00327552 october 5 22 BC to August 5 20 BC when
82dfAgNl_Y8-01348-00327553-00327753 Darius took the city by storm during
82dfAgNl_Y8-01349-00327754-00327933 this period of Syria to the north also
82dfAgNl_Y8-01350-00327934-00328308 rebelled a few years later probably 514
82dfAgNl_Y8-01351-00328309-00328548 BC Babylon again revolted under the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01352-00328549-00328773 Armenian King Nebuchadnezzar the 4th on
82dfAgNl_Y8-01353-00328774-00328965 this occasion after its capture by the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01354-00328966-00329171 Persians the walls were partly destroyed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01355-00329172-00329457 the S Aquila the great temple of bel
82dfAgNl_Y8-01356-00329458-00329676 however still continued to be kept in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01357-00329677-00329892 repair and to be a center of Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01358-00329893-00330099 religious feelings Alexander the Great
82dfAgNl_Y8-01359-00330100-00330393 conquered Babylon in 333 BC for the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01360-00330394-00330686 Greeks and died there in 323 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01361-00330687-00330927 Babylonia and Assyria then became part
82dfAgNl_Y8-01362-00330928-00331226 of the Greek Seleucid Empire
82dfAgNl_Y8-01363-00331227-00331409 it has long been maintained that the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01364-00331410-00331604 foundation of Seleucia diverted the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01365-00331605-00331775 population to the new capital of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01366-00331776-00331979 southern Mesopotamia and that the ruins
82dfAgNl_Y8-01367-00331980-00332177 of the old city became a quarry for the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01368-00332178-00332315 builders of the new seat of government
82dfAgNl_Y8-01369-00332316-00332513 but the recent publication of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01370-00332514-00332702 babylonian chronicles has shown that
82dfAgNl_Y8-01371-00332703-00332897 urban life was still very much the same
82dfAgNl_Y8-01372-00332898-00333191 well into the Parthian Empire 150 BC to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01373-00333192-00333314 226 AD
82dfAgNl_Y8-01374-00333315-00333602 the Parthian King Mithridates conquered
82dfAgNl_Y8-01375-00333603-00333803 the region into the Parthian Empire in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01376-00333804-00334049 150 BC and the region became something
82dfAgNl_Y8-01377-00334050-00334241 of a battleground between Greeks and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01378-00334242-00334532 Parthians there was a brief interlude of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01379-00334533-00334781 Roman conquest the provinces of Assyria
82dfAgNl_Y8-01380-00334782-00335183 and Mesopotamia 116 to 118 ad under
82dfAgNl_Y8-01381-00335184-00335375 Trajan after which the Parthians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01382-00335376-00335675 reasserted control the sate repiy of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01383-00335676-00335906 Babylonia was absorbed into a surah stun
82dfAgNl_Y8-01384-00335907-00336080 meaning the land of the Assyrians in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01385-00336081-00336302 Persian in the sassani and Empire which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01386-00336303-00336602 began in 226 AD and by this time East
82dfAgNl_Y8-01387-00336603-00336842 Syria Krait Syriac Christianity which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01388-00336843-00337085 emerged in Assyria and upper Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01389-00337086-00337301 the 1st century AD had become the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01390-00337302-00337460 dominant religion among the native
82dfAgNl_Y8-01391-00337461-00337679 Assyrian Babylonian populace who had
82dfAgNl_Y8-01392-00337680-00337895 never adopted the Zoroastrianism or
82dfAgNl_Y8-01393-00337896-00338066 Hellenic religions and languages of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01394-00338067-00338384 their rulers apart from the small 2nd
82dfAgNl_Y8-01395-00338385-00338678 century BC to 3rd century ad independent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01396-00338679-00338873 neo-assyrian states of a diya bean
82dfAgNl_Y8-01397-00338874-00338945 Azrael
82dfAgNl_Y8-01398-00338946-00339200 assure Beth gar my Beth knew Hydra and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01399-00339201-00339425 Hatra in the North Mesopotamia remained
82dfAgNl_Y8-01400-00339426-00339626 under largely Persian control until the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01401-00339627-00339848 Arab Muslim conquest of Persia in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01402-00339849-00340142 7th century AD essaouira ston was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01403-00340143-00340357 dissolved as a geopolitical entity in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01404-00340358-00340661 637 ad and the native Eastern Aramaic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01405-00340662-00340880 speaking and largely Christian populace
82dfAgNl_Y8-01406-00340881-00341096 of southern and central Mesopotamia with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01407-00341097-00341237 the exception of the Mandans
82dfAgNl_Y8-01408-00341238-00341438 gradually underwent Arabization and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01409-00341439-00341645 Islamization in contrast to northern
82dfAgNl_Y8-01410-00341646-00341882 Mesopotamia where an Assyrian continuity
82dfAgNl_Y8-01411-00341883-00342303 endures to the present day
82dfAgNl_Y8-01412-00342304-00342807 topic culture
82dfAgNl_Y8-01413-00342808-00343164 topic bronze-age to early iron age
82dfAgNl_Y8-01414-00343165-00343344 Mesopotamian culture as sometimes
82dfAgNl_Y8-01415-00343345-00343710 summarized as as hero Babylonian because
82dfAgNl_Y8-01416-00343711-00343947 of the close ethnicity and cultural
82dfAgNl_Y8-01417-00343948-00344103 interdependence of the two political
82dfAgNl_Y8-01418-00344104-00344550 centers the term Babylonia especially in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01419-00344551-00344736 writings from around the early 20th
82dfAgNl_Y8-01420-00344737-00344934 century was formerly used to also
82dfAgNl_Y8-01421-00344935-00345201 include southern Mesopotamia s earliest
82dfAgNl_Y8-01422-00345202-00345471 pre Babylonian history and not only in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01423-00345472-00345660 reference to the later city-state of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01424-00345661-00346041 Babylon proper this Geographic usage of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01425-00346042-00346308 the name Babylonia has generally been
82dfAgNl_Y8-01426-00346309-00346533 replaced by the more accurate term Sumer
82dfAgNl_Y8-01427-00346534-00346710 or su Mero Akkadian in more recent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01428-00346711-00346902 writing referring to the pre acero
82dfAgNl_Y8-01429-00346903-00347414 Babylonian Mesopotamian civilization
82dfAgNl_Y8-01430-00347415-00347955 topic Babylonian culture
82dfAgNl_Y8-01431-00347956-00348303 topic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01432-00348304-00348809 topic art and architecture
82dfAgNl_Y8-01433-00348810-00349196 topic in Babylonia an abundance of clay
82dfAgNl_Y8-01434-00349197-00349409 and lack of stone led to greater use of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01435-00349410-00349628 mud-brick Babylonian Sumerian and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01436-00349629-00349832 Assyrian temples were massive structures
82dfAgNl_Y8-01437-00349833-00350000 of crude brick which were supported by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01438-00350001-00350195 buttresses the reign being carried off
82dfAgNl_Y8-01439-00350196-00350501 by drains one such drain etre was made
82dfAgNl_Y8-01440-00350502-00350723 of lead the use of brick led to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01441-00350724-00350906 early development of the pilaster and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01442-00350907-00351095 column and of frescoes and enameled
82dfAgNl_Y8-01443-00351096-00351374 tiles the walls were brilliantly colored
82dfAgNl_Y8-01444-00351375-00351584 and sometimes plated with zinc or gold
82dfAgNl_Y8-01445-00351585-00351884 as well as with tiles painted terracotta
82dfAgNl_Y8-01446-00351885-00352103 cones for torches were also embedded in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01447-00352104-00352379 the plaster in Babylonia in place of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01448-00352380-00352525 relief there was greater use of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01449-00352526-00352781 three-dimensional figures the earliest
82dfAgNl_Y8-01450-00352782-00353018 examples being the statues of Gudea that
82dfAgNl_Y8-01451-00353019-00353288 are realistic if somewhat clumsy the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01452-00353289-00353522 paucity of stone in Babylonia made every
82dfAgNl_Y8-01453-00353523-00353693 pebble precious and led to a high
82dfAgNl_Y8-01454-00353694-00354112 perfection in the art of gem cutting
82dfAgNl_Y8-01455-00354113-00354585 topic astronomy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01456-00354586-00354921 topic tablets dating back to the old
82dfAgNl_Y8-01457-00354922-00355119 babylonian period document the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01458-00355120-00355284 application of mathematics to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01459-00355285-00355473 variation in the length of daylight over
82dfAgNl_Y8-01460-00355474-00355773 a solar year centuries of babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01461-00355774-00355992 observations of celestial phenomena are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01462-00355993-00356148 recorded in the series of cuneiform
82dfAgNl_Y8-01463-00356149-00356448 script tablets known as the Enuma Anu
82dfAgNl_Y8-01464-00356449-00356709 Enlil the oldest significant
82dfAgNl_Y8-01465-00356710-00356919 astronomical text that we possess is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01466-00356920-00357318 tablet 63 of Enuma Anu Enlil the Venus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01467-00357319-00357540 tablet of ami sadaqa which lists the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01468-00357541-00357765 first and last visible risings of Venus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01469-00357766-00358008 over a period of about 21 years and is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01470-00358009-00358191 the earliest evidence that the phenomena
82dfAgNl_Y8-01471-00358192-00358394 of a planet were recognized as periodic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01472-00358395-00358686 the oldest rectangular astrolabe dates
82dfAgNl_Y8-01473-00358687-00359127 back to Babylonia C 1100 BC the mall API
82dfAgNl_Y8-01474-00359128-00359373 n contains catalogues of stars and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01475-00359374-00359571 constellations as well as schemes for
82dfAgNl_Y8-01476-00359572-00359751 predicting heliacal risings and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01477-00359752-00359910 settings of the planets lengths of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01478-00359911-00360123 daylight measured by a water clock no
82dfAgNl_Y8-01479-00360124-00360414 Mon shadows and intercalation x' the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01480-00360415-00360657 babylonian bou text arranges stars in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01481-00360658-00360939 strings that lie along declination
82dfAgNl_Y8-01482-00360940-00361125 circles and thus measure right as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01483-00361126-00361329 tensions or time intervals and also
82dfAgNl_Y8-01484-00361330-00361512 employs the stars of the zenith which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01485-00361513-00361689 are also separated by given right
82dfAgNl_Y8-01486-00361690-00362122 essential differences
82dfAgNl_Y8-01487-00362123-00362510 topic medicine
82dfAgNl_Y8-01488-00362511-00363023 topic medical diagnosis and prognosis we
82dfAgNl_Y8-01489-00363024-00363213 find Medical semiotics in a whole
82dfAgNl_Y8-01490-00363214-00363482 constellation of disciplines
82dfAgNl_Y8-01491-00363483-00363674 there was a real common ground among
82dfAgNl_Y8-01492-00363675-00364010 these Babylonian forms of knowledge
82dfAgNl_Y8-01493-00364011-00364199 an approach involving analysis of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01494-00364200-00364409 particular cases constructed only
82dfAgNl_Y8-01495-00364410-00364741 through traces symptoms hints
82dfAgNl_Y8-01496-00364742-00364905 in short we can speak about a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01497-00364906-00365157 symptomatic or divinatory or conjectural
82dfAgNl_Y8-01498-00365158-00365353 paradigm which could be oriented toward
82dfAgNl_Y8-01499-00365354-00365572 past present or future depending on the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01500-00365573-00365829 form of knowledge called upon toward
82dfAgNl_Y8-01501-00365830-00366178 future that was the medical science of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01502-00366179-00366332 symptoms with its double character
82dfAgNl_Y8-01503-00366333-00366582 diagnostic explaining past and present
82dfAgNl_Y8-01504-00366583-00366966 and prognostic suggesting likely future
82dfAgNl_Y8-01505-00366967-00367299 the oldest Babylonian ie Akkadian texts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01506-00367300-00367452 on medicine date back to the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-01507-00367453-00367674 Babylonian dynasty in the first half of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01508-00367675-00367866 the second millennium BC although the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01509-00367867-00368067 earliest medical prescriptions appear in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01510-00368068-00368265 Sumerian during the third dynasty of her
82dfAgNl_Y8-01511-00368266-00368553 period the most extensive Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01512-00368554-00368807 medical text however is the diagnostic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01513-00368808-00369012 handbook written by the amanu or chief
82dfAgNl_Y8-01514-00369013-00369260 scholar a satchel Ken appala bore CIPA
82dfAgNl_Y8-01515-00369261-00369444 during the reign of the Babylonian king
82dfAgNl_Y8-01516-00369445-00369945 ad ad a PLA Adina 1069 to 1046 BC along
82dfAgNl_Y8-01517-00369946-00370128 with contemporary ancient Egyptian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01518-00370129-00370184 medicine
82dfAgNl_Y8-01519-00370185-00370398 the Babylonians introduced the concepts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01520-00370399-00370620 of diagnosis prognosis physical
82dfAgNl_Y8-01521-00370621-00370794 examination and prescriptions
82dfAgNl_Y8-01522-00370795-00371070 in addition the diagnostic handbook
82dfAgNl_Y8-01523-00371071-00371255 introduced the methods of therapy and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01524-00371256-00371534 etiology and the use of empiricism logic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01525-00371535-00371753 and rationality in diagnosis prognosis
82dfAgNl_Y8-01526-00371754-00372083 and therapy the text contains a list of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01527-00372084-00372276 medical symptoms and often detailed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01528-00372277-00372468 empirical observations along with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01529-00372469-00372696 logical rules used in combining observed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01530-00372697-00372897 symptoms on the body of a patient with
82dfAgNl_Y8-01531-00372898-00373146 its diagnosis and prognosis the symptoms
82dfAgNl_Y8-01532-00373147-00373341 and diseases of the patient were treated
82dfAgNl_Y8-01533-00373342-00373491 through therapeutic means such as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01534-00373492-00373829 bandages creams and pills if a patient
82dfAgNl_Y8-01535-00373830-00373985 could not be cured physically the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01536-00373986-00374187 Babylonian physicians often relied on
82dfAgNl_Y8-01537-00374188-00374397 exorcism to cleanse the patient from any
82dfAgNl_Y8-01538-00374398-00374793 curses a satchel can APLA s diagnostic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01539-00374794-00375035 Handbook was based on a logical set of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01540-00375036-00375267 axioms and assumptions including the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01541-00375268-00375492 modern view that through the examination
82dfAgNl_Y8-01542-00375493-00375687 and inspection of the symptoms of a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01543-00375688-00375918 patient it is possible to determine the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01544-00375919-00376266 patient s disease its etiology and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01545-00376267-00376446 future development and the chances of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01546-00376447-00376650 the patient's recovery a satchel kin
82dfAgNl_Y8-01547-00376651-00376835 appala discovered a variety of illnesses
82dfAgNl_Y8-01548-00376836-00377025 and diseases and described their
82dfAgNl_Y8-01549-00377026-00377214 symptoms in his diagnostic Handbook
82dfAgNl_Y8-01550-00377215-00377451 these include the symptoms for many
82dfAgNl_Y8-01551-00377452-00377657 varieties of epilepsy and related
82dfAgNl_Y8-01552-00377658-00377844 ailments along with their diagnosis and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01553-00377845-00378150 prognosis later Babylonian medicine
82dfAgNl_Y8-01554-00378151-00378348 resembles early Greek medicine in many
82dfAgNl_Y8-01555-00378349-00378627 ways in particular the early treatises
82dfAgNl_Y8-01556-00378628-00378795 of the Hippocratic corpus showed the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01557-00378796-00379014 influence of late Babylonian medicine in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01558-00379015-00379424 terms of both content and form
82dfAgNl_Y8-01559-00379425-00379893 topic literature
82dfAgNl_Y8-01560-00379894-00380241 topic there were libraries in most towns
82dfAgNl_Y8-01561-00380242-00380472 and temples an old Sumerian proverb
82dfAgNl_Y8-01562-00380473-00380673 averred that he who would excel in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01563-00380674-00380892 school of the scribes must rise with the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01564-00380893-00381213 dawn women as well as men learned to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01565-00381214-00381426 read and write and in semitic times this
82dfAgNl_Y8-01566-00381427-00381591 involved knowledge of the extinct
82dfAgNl_Y8-01567-00381592-00381819 sumerian language and a complicated and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01568-00381820-00382029 extensive syllabary a considerable
82dfAgNl_Y8-01569-00382030-00382218 amount of babylonian literature was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01570-00382219-00382428 translated from Sumerian originals and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01571-00382429-00382614 the language of religion and law long
82dfAgNl_Y8-01572-00382615-00382749 continued to be written in the old
82dfAgNl_Y8-01573-00382750-00382973 agglutinative language of Sumer
82dfAgNl_Y8-01574-00382974-00383217 vocabularies grammars and interlinear
82dfAgNl_Y8-01575-00383218-00383415 translations were compiled for the use
82dfAgNl_Y8-01576-00383416-00383628 of students as well as commentaries on
82dfAgNl_Y8-01577-00383629-00383820 the older texts and explanations of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01578-00383821-00384107 obscure words and phrases the characters
82dfAgNl_Y8-01579-00384108-00384303 of the syllabary were all arranged and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01580-00384304-00384480 named an elaborate lists of them were
82dfAgNl_Y8-01581-00384481-00384656 drawn up there are many Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01582-00384657-00384840 literary works whose titles have come
82dfAgNl_Y8-01583-00384841-00385098 down to us one of the most famous of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01584-00385099-00385256 these was the epic of gilgamesh
82dfAgNl_Y8-01585-00385257-00385463 in 12 books translated from the original
82dfAgNl_Y8-01586-00385464-00385713 Sumerian by a certain sin leaky under
82dfAgNl_Y8-01587-00385714-00385907 knee and arranged upon an astronomical
82dfAgNl_Y8-01588-00385908-00386175 principle each division contains the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01589-00386176-00386346 story of a single adventure in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01590-00386347-00386622 career of Gilgamesh the whole story is a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01591-00386623-00386831 composite product and it is probable
82dfAgNl_Y8-01592-00386832-00386946 that some of the stories are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01593-00386947-00387123 artificially attached to the central
82dfAgNl_Y8-01594-00387124-00387491 figure
82dfAgNl_Y8-01595-00387492-00388018 topic neo-babylonian culture
82dfAgNl_Y8-01596-00388019-00388396 topic the brief resurgence of Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01597-00388397-00388648 culture in the 7th to 6th centuries BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01598-00388649-00388855 was accompanied by a number of important
82dfAgNl_Y8-01599-00388856-00389280 cultural developments
82dfAgNl_Y8-01600-00389281-00389688 soppec astronomy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01601-00389689-00390072 topic among the sciences astronomy and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01602-00390073-00390282 astrology still occupied a conspicuous
82dfAgNl_Y8-01603-00390283-00390639 place in Babylonian society astronomy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01604-00390640-00390870 was of old standing in Babylonia the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01605-00390871-00391089 zodiac was a Babylonian invention of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01606-00391090-00391287 great antiquity and eclipses of the Sun
82dfAgNl_Y8-01607-00391288-00391545 and Moon could be foretold there are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01608-00391546-00391728 dozens of Kamiya form records of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01609-00391729-00391899 original Mesopotamian Eclipse
82dfAgNl_Y8-01610-00391900-00392244 observations Babylonian astronomy was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01611-00392245-00392427 the basis for much of what was done in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01612-00392428-00392643 ancient Greek astronomy in classical
82dfAgNl_Y8-01613-00392644-00392829 Indian astronomy in sassani and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01614-00392830-00393066 Byzantine and Syrian astronomy astronomy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01615-00393067-00393282 in the medieval Islamic world and in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01616-00393283-00393456 Central Asian and Western European
82dfAgNl_Y8-01617-00393457-00393819 astronomy neo Babylonian astronomy can
82dfAgNl_Y8-01618-00393820-00393957 thus be considered the direct
82dfAgNl_Y8-01619-00393958-00394152 predecessor of much of ancient Greek
82dfAgNl_Y8-01620-00394153-00394380 mathematics and astronomy which in turn
82dfAgNl_Y8-01621-00394381-00394566 is the historical predecessor of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01622-00394567-00394755 European Western Scientific Revolution
82dfAgNl_Y8-01623-00394756-00395028 during the 8th and 7th centuries BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01624-00395029-00395253 Babylonian astronomers developed a new
82dfAgNl_Y8-01625-00395254-00395496 approach to astronomy they began
82dfAgNl_Y8-01626-00395497-00395679 studying philosophy dealing with the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01627-00395680-00395880 ideal nature of the early universe and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01628-00395881-00396084 began employing an internal logic within
82dfAgNl_Y8-01629-00396085-00396351 their predictive planetary systems this
82dfAgNl_Y8-01630-00396352-00396525 was an important contribution to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01631-00396526-00396723 astronomy and the philosophy of science
82dfAgNl_Y8-01632-00396724-00396921 and some scholars have thus referred to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01633-00396922-00397056 this new approach as the first
82dfAgNl_Y8-01634-00397057-00397335 scientific revolution this new approach
82dfAgNl_Y8-01635-00397336-00397548 to astronomy was adopted and further
82dfAgNl_Y8-01636-00397549-00397694 developed in Greek and Hellenistic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01637-00397695-00398073 astronomy in Seleucid and Parthian times
82dfAgNl_Y8-01638-00398074-00398277 the astronomical reports were of a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01639-00398278-00398484 thoroughly scientific character how much
82dfAgNl_Y8-01640-00398485-00398652 earlier their advanced knowledge and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01641-00398653-00398898 methods were developed is uncertain the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01642-00398899-00399093 Babylonian development of methods for
82dfAgNl_Y8-01643-00399094-00399285 predicting the motions of the planets is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01644-00399286-00399483 considered to be a major episode in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01645-00399484-00399813 history of astronomy the only Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01646-00399814-00399981 astronomers known to have supported a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01647-00399982-00400185 heliocentric model of planetary motion
82dfAgNl_Y8-01648-00400186-00400583 with Seleucus of Seleucia B 190 BC
82dfAgNl_Y8-01649-00400584-00400806 Seleucus is known from the writings of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01650-00400807-00401055 Plutarch he supported the heliocentric
82dfAgNl_Y8-01651-00401056-00401214 theory where the earth rotated around
82dfAgNl_Y8-01652-00401215-00401430 its own axis which in turn revolved
82dfAgNl_Y8-01653-00401431-00401652 around the Sun according to Plutarch
82dfAgNl_Y8-01654-00401653-00401883 Seleucus even proved the heliocentric
82dfAgNl_Y8-01655-00401884-00402051 system but it is not known what
82dfAgNl_Y8-01656-00402052-00402397 arguments he used
82dfAgNl_Y8-01657-00402398-00402883 topic mathematics
82dfAgNl_Y8-01658-00402884-00403273 topic Babylonian mathematical texts are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01659-00403274-00403514 plentiful and well edited in respect of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01660-00403515-00403672 time they fall in two distinct groups
82dfAgNl_Y8-01661-00403673-00403927 one from the first Babylonian dynasty
82dfAgNl_Y8-01662-00403928-00404321 period 1830 to 15 31 BC the other mainly
82dfAgNl_Y8-01663-00404322-00404479 Seleucid from the last three or four
82dfAgNl_Y8-01664-00404480-00404851 centuries BC in respect of content there
82dfAgNl_Y8-01665-00404852-00405031 is scarcely any difference between the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01666-00405032-00405160 two groups of texts
82dfAgNl_Y8-01667-00405161-00405433 thus Babylonian mathematics remained
82dfAgNl_Y8-01668-00405434-00405665 stale in character and content with very
82dfAgNl_Y8-01669-00405666-00405887 little progress or innovation for nearly
82dfAgNl_Y8-01670-00405888-00406118 two millennia the Babylonian system of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01671-00406119-00406391 mathematics was sexagesimal or a base 60
82dfAgNl_Y8-01672-00406392-00406654 numeral system from this we derived the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01673-00406655-00406873 modern-day usage of 60 seconds in a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01674-00406874-00407227 minute 60 minutes in an hour and 360 60
82dfAgNl_Y8-01675-00407228-00407557 by 6 degrees in a circle the Babylonians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01676-00407558-00407725 were able to make great advances in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01677-00407726-00408022 mathematics for two reasons first the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01678-00408023-00408433 number 60 has many divisors 2 3 4 5 6 10
82dfAgNl_Y8-01679-00408434-00408781 12 15 20 and 30 making calculations
82dfAgNl_Y8-01680-00408782-00409088 easier additionally unlike the Egyptians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01681-00409089-00409306 and Romans the Babylonians had a true
82dfAgNl_Y8-01682-00409307-00409525 place value system where digits written
82dfAgNl_Y8-01683-00409526-00409726 in the left column represented larger
82dfAgNl_Y8-01684-00409727-00410074 values much as in our base 10 system 734
82dfAgNl_Y8-01685-00410075-00410432 equals 7 times 100 plus 3 times 10 plus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01686-00410433-00410720 4 times 1 among the Babylonians
82dfAgNl_Y8-01687-00410721-00410912 mathematical accomplishments were the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01688-00410913-00411107 determination of the square root of 2
82dfAgNl_Y8-01689-00411108-00411632 correctly to 7 places why BC 7280 9 they
82dfAgNl_Y8-01690-00411633-00411805 also demonstrated knowledge of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01691-00411806-00411970 Pythagorean theorem well before
82dfAgNl_Y8-01692-00411971-00412195 Pythagoras as evidenced by this tablet
82dfAgNl_Y8-01693-00412196-00412426 translated by Denis Ramsey and dating to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01694-00412427-00412939 C 1900 BC 4 is the length and 5 is the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01695-00412940-00413347 diagonal what is the breadth its size is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01696-00413348-00413816 not known 4 times 4 is 16 and 5 times 5
82dfAgNl_Y8-01697-00413817-00413928 is 25
82dfAgNl_Y8-01698-00413929-00414322 you take 16 from 25 and there remains 9
82dfAgNl_Y8-01699-00414322-00414572 what times what shall I take in order to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01700-00414572-00415018 get 9 3 times 3 is 9 3 is the breadth
82dfAgNl_Y8-01701-00415018-00415468 the any are of 600 and thus are of 3,600
82dfAgNl_Y8-01702-00415469-00415637 were formed from the unit of 60
82dfAgNl_Y8-01703-00415638-00415799 corresponding with a degree of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01704-00415800-00416068 Equator tablets of squares and cubes
82dfAgNl_Y8-01705-00416069-00416272 calculated from 1 to 60
82dfAgNl_Y8-01706-00416273-00416464 have been found at sankhara and a people
82dfAgNl_Y8-01707-00416465-00416647 acquainted with the sundial the collapse
82dfAgNl_Y8-01708-00416648-00416843 addre the lever and the pulley must have
82dfAgNl_Y8-01709-00416843-00417043 had no mean knowledge of mechanics a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01710-00417043-00417283 crystal lens turned on the lathe was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01711-00417284-00417491 discovered by Austen Henry Layard at
82dfAgNl_Y8-01712-00417492-00417700 Nimrod along with glass vases bearing
82dfAgNl_Y8-01713-00417701-00417877 the name of Sargon this could explain
82dfAgNl_Y8-01714-00417878-00418064 the excessive minut nosov some of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01715-00418064-00418262 writing on the Assyrian tablets and a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01716-00418263-00418432 lens may also have been used in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01717-00418433-00418591 observation of the heavens the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01718-00418592-00418739 Babylonians might have been familiar
82dfAgNl_Y8-01719-00418739-00418943 with the general rules for measuring the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01720-00418943-00419203 areas they measured the circumference of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01721-00419204-00419425 a circle as three times the diameter in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01722-00419426-00419608 the area as one told the square of the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01723-00419609-00419791 circumference which would be correct if
82dfAgNl_Y8-01724-00419792-00420091 pi were estimated as three the volume of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01725-00420092-00420283 a cylinder was taken as the product of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01726-00420284-00420454 the base in the height however the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01727-00420455-00420637 volume of the frustum of a cone or a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01728-00420638-00420850 square pyramid was incorrectly taken as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01729-00420851-00421006 the product of the height and half the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01730-00421007-00421289 sum of the basis also there was a recent
82dfAgNl_Y8-01731-00421289-00421504 discovery in which a tablet used pi is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01732-00421505-00421793 three and one eighth the Babylonians are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01733-00421793-00422014 also known for the Babylonian mile which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01734-00422015-00422206 was a measure of distance equal to about
82dfAgNl_Y8-01735-00422207-00422539 11 kilometers seven miles today this
82dfAgNl_Y8-01736-00422540-00422752 measurement for distances eventually was
82dfAgNl_Y8-01737-00422753-00422935 converted to a time mile used for
82dfAgNl_Y8-01738-00422936-00423077 measuring the travel of the Sun
82dfAgNl_Y8-01739-00423078-00423347 therefore representing time Yves chapter
82dfAgNl_Y8-01740-00423347-00423673 2 the Babylonians used also space-time
82dfAgNl_Y8-01741-00423674-00423854 graphs to calculate the velocity of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01742-00423855-00424093 Jupiter this is an idea that is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01743-00424094-00424300 considered highly modern traced to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01744-00424301-00424525 14th century England and France and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01745-00424526-00424952 anticipating integral calculus
82dfAgNl_Y8-01746-00424953-00425427 topic philosophy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01747-00425428-00425762 topic the origins of Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01748-00425763-00425985 philosophy can be traced back to early
82dfAgNl_Y8-01749-00425985-00426195 Mesopotamian wisdom literature which
82dfAgNl_Y8-01750-00426196-00426372 embodied certain philosophies of life
82dfAgNl_Y8-01751-00426372-00426602 particularly ethics in the forms of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01752-00426603-00426908 dialectic dialogues epic poetry folklore
82dfAgNl_Y8-01753-00426909-00427220 hymns lyrics prose and proverbs
82dfAgNl_Y8-01754-00427221-00427443 Babylonian reasoning and rationality
82dfAgNl_Y8-01755-00427443-00427679 developed beyond empirical observation
82dfAgNl_Y8-01756-00427680-00427856 it is possible that Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01757-00427857-00428054 philosophy had an influence on Greek
82dfAgNl_Y8-01758-00428055-00428264 philosophy particularly Hellenistic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01759-00428265-00428583 philosophy the Babylonian text dialogue
82dfAgNl_Y8-01760-00428584-00428820 of pessimism contains similarities to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01761-00428821-00428964 the agonistic thought of the Sophists
82dfAgNl_Y8-01762-00428964-00429152 the Herrick lady and doctrine of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01763-00429153-00429399 contrasts and the dialogues of Plato as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01764-00429400-00429581 well as a precursor to the music
82dfAgNl_Y8-01765-00429582-00429825 Socratic method of Socrates the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01766-00429826-00430037 Malaysian philosopher Daley's is also
82dfAgNl_Y8-01767-00430038-00430202 known to have studied philosophy in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01768-00430203-00430566 Mesopotamia topic legacy topic Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01769-00430567-00430754 and particularly its capital city
82dfAgNl_Y8-01770-00430755-00430968 Babylon has long held a place in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01771-00430968-00431151 Abrahamic religions as a symbol of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01772-00431152-00431406 excess and dissolute power many
82dfAgNl_Y8-01773-00431407-00431604 references are made to Babylon in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01774-00431605-00431822 Bible both literally historical and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01775-00431823-00432083 allegorically the mentions in the Tanakh
82dfAgNl_Y8-01776-00432084-00432306 tend to be historical or prophetic while
82dfAgNl_Y8-01777-00432307-00432533 New Testament apocalyptic references to
82dfAgNl_Y8-01778-00432534-00432695 the of Babylon or more likely
82dfAgNl_Y8-01779-00432696-00432900 figurative or cryptic references
82dfAgNl_Y8-01780-00432901-00433095 possibly to pagan Rome or some other
82dfAgNl_Y8-01781-00433096-00433350 archetype the legendary Hanging Gardens
82dfAgNl_Y8-01782-00433351-00433583 of Babylon and the Tower of Babel are
82dfAgNl_Y8-01783-00433584-00433770 seen as symbols of luxurious and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01784-00433771-00434027 arrogant power respectively early
82dfAgNl_Y8-01785-00434028-00434229 Christians sometimes referred to Rome as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01786-00434230-00434472 Babylon the Apostle Peter ends his first
82dfAgNl_Y8-01787-00434472-00434658 letter probably written from Rome as
82dfAgNl_Y8-01788-00434659-00434852 Bishop with this advice she who is in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01789-00434853-00435066 Babylon Rome chosen together with you
82dfAgNl_Y8-01790-00435067-00435264 sends you her greetings and so does my
82dfAgNl_Y8-01791-00435264-00435593 son mark 1st Peter chapter 5 verse 13
82dfAgNl_Y8-01792-00435593-00435893 Revelation chapter 14 verse 8 says a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01793-00435894-00436106 second angel followed and said fallen
82dfAgNl_Y8-01794-00436107-00436383 fallen is Babylon the Great which made
82dfAgNl_Y8-01795-00436384-00436562 all the nations drink the maddening wine
82dfAgNl_Y8-01796-00436563-00436847 of her adulteries other examples can be
82dfAgNl_Y8-01797-00436848-00437133 found in Revelation chapter 16 verse 19
82dfAgNl_Y8-01798-00437134-00437489 in Revelation chapter 18 verse 2 Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-01799-00437490-00437754 is referred to in Quran in verse 102 of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01800-00437755-00438018 chapter 2 of surah Baqarah the cow the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01801-00438018-00438387 Quran chapter 2 al-baqarah verse 102 and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01802-00438388-00438539 they followed instead what the Devils
82dfAgNl_Y8-01803-00438540-00438797 had recited during the reign of Solomon
82dfAgNl_Y8-01804-00438799-00439032 it was not Salomon who disbelieved but
82dfAgNl_Y8-01805-00439033-00439212 the devil's disbelieved teaching people
82dfAgNl_Y8-01806-00439213-00439401 magic and that which was revealed to the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01807-00439402-00439631 two angels at Babylon Harut and Marut
82dfAgNl_Y8-01808-00439632-00439914 but the two angels do not teach anyone
82dfAgNl_Y8-01809-00439914-00440139 unless they say we are a trial so do not
82dfAgNl_Y8-01810-00440139-00440427 disbelieve by practicing magic and yet
82dfAgNl_Y8-01811-00440428-00440574 they learn from them that by which they
82dfAgNl_Y8-01812-00440575-00440754 cause separation between a man and his
82dfAgNl_Y8-01813-00440755-00441018 wife but they do not harm anyone through
82dfAgNl_Y8-01814-00441018-00441279 it except by permission of Allah and the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01815-00441280-00441438 people learn what harms them and does
82dfAgNl_Y8-01816-00441439-00441672 not benefit them but the children of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01817-00441672-00441822 Israel certainly knew that whoever
82dfAgNl_Y8-01818-00441822-00442010 purchased the magic would not have in
82dfAgNl_Y8-01819-00442012-00442275 the hereafter any share and wretched is
82dfAgNl_Y8-01820-00442276-00442449 that for which they sold themselves if
82dfAgNl_Y8-01821-00442450-00442524 they only knew
82dfAgNl_Y8-01822-00442525-00442764 translated by Sahih international topics
82dfAgNl_Y8-01823-00442764-00443007 see also topic timeline of the Assyrian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01824-00443008-00443259 Empire topic notes topic topic reference
82dfAgNl_Y8-01825-00443260-00443487 s topic topic bibliography topic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01826-00443488-00443700 Theophilus G pinches the religion of
82dfAgNl_Y8-01827-00443701-00443955 Babylonia and Assyria many deities names
82dfAgNl_Y8-01828-00443956-00444110 are now read differently but this
82dfAgNl_Y8-01829-00444112-00444417 detailed 1906 work is a classic Chisholm
82dfAgNl_Y8-01830-00444418-00444514 Hugh ed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01831-00444516-00444893 1911 Babylonian and Assyrian religion
82dfAgNl_Y8-01832-00444893-00445135 Encyclopedia Britannica 11th ed
82dfAgNl_Y8-01833-00445137-00445364 Cambridge University Press
82dfAgNl_Y8-01834-00445366-00445752 seis Archibald Henry 1878 Babylon
82dfAgNl_Y8-01835-00445753-00446124 Babylonia in Baines TS Encyclopedia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01836-00446125-00446435 Brittanica 3/9 ed New York Charles
82dfAgNl_Y8-01837-00446437-00447009 Scribner's sons pp 182 to 194 herbermann
82dfAgNl_Y8-01838-00447010-00447441 charles ii d 1913 Babylonia Catholic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01839-00447442-00447678 Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton
82dfAgNl_Y8-01840-00447679-00447756 company
82dfAgNl_Y8-01841-00447757-00448014 the history files ancient Mesopotamia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01842-00448014-00448263 legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation
82dfAgNl_Y8-01843-00448264-00448493 to Hebrew tradition by Leonard W King
82dfAgNl_Y8-01844-00448495-00448764 1918 a searchable facsimile at the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01845-00448764-00449070 University of Georgia libraries DjVu and
82dfAgNl_Y8-01846-00449071-00449367 layered PDF format the Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01847-00449368-00449547 legends of the creation and the fight
82dfAgNl_Y8-01848-00449547-00449747 between Bell and the dragon as told by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01849-00449749-00450042 Assyrian tablets from Nineveh 1921 a
82dfAgNl_Y8-01850-00450043-00450258 searchable facsimile at the University
82dfAgNl_Y8-01851-00450259-00450531 of Georgia libraries DjVu and layered
82dfAgNl_Y8-01852-00450532-00450897 PDF format the civilization of Babylonia
82dfAgNl_Y8-01853-00450897-00451185 and Assyria its remains language history
82dfAgNl_Y8-01854-00451185-00451460 religion Commerce law art and literature
82dfAgNl_Y8-01855-00451462-00451905 by Morris Jastrow jr. with math and 164
82dfAgNl_Y8-01856-00451906-00452154 illustrations 1915
82dfAgNl_Y8-01857-00452155-00452339 searchable facsimile at the University
82dfAgNl_Y8-01858-00452340-00452618 of Georgia libraries DjVu and layered
82dfAgNl_Y8-01859-00452619-00453233 PDF format or HTTP w : / / w w wisdom
82dfAgNl_Y8-01860-00453234-00453566 liborg / mesopotamian / book slashed the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01861-00453567-00453914 - civilization - of - Babylonia - and -
82dfAgNl_Y8-01862-00453915-00454364 Assyria / index.html readable HTML topic
82dfAgNl_Y8-01863-00454365-00454583 external links topic old babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01864-00454584-00454787 period from under the dust of Ages by
82dfAgNl_Y8-01865-00454788-00455016 William st. Chad Vasco and the Chaldean
82dfAgNl_Y8-01866-00455017-00455202 account of Genesis by George Smith
82dfAgNl_Y8-01867-00455203-00455427 Babylonian mathematics Babylonian
82dfAgNl_Y8-01868-00455428-00455668 numerals Babylonian astronomy astrology
82dfAgNl_Y8-01869-00455669-00455910 bibliography of Babylonian astronomy
82dfAgNl_Y8-01870-00455910-00456143 astrology recordings of modern scholars
82dfAgNl_Y8-01871-00456144-00456339 reading Babylonian poetry in the
82dfAgNl_Y8-01872-00456339-00456647 original language HTTP colon slash slash
82dfAgNl_Y8-01873-00456647-00457134 ww speeches fire com