EsVRctV0rRY-00000-00000023-00000322 basic interpersonal communication
EsVRctV0rRY-00001-00000323-00000844 vocabulary exchange when you exchange
EsVRctV0rRY-00002-00000846-00001195 something you give something and get
EsVRctV0rRY-00003-00001196-00001564 something at the same time for example
EsVRctV0rRY-00004-00001565-00001925 when you shop you exchange money for the
EsVRctV0rRY-00005-00001926-00002334 items you buy in our personal
EsVRctV0rRY-00006-00002335-00002634 communication interpersonal
EsVRctV0rRY-00007-00002635-00002893 communication is the exchange of
EsVRctV0rRY-00008-00002894-00003331 information between two people working
EsVRctV0rRY-00009-00003332-00003659 with a partner or in a group is a type
EsVRctV0rRY-00010-00003660-00004117 of interpersonal communication verbal
EsVRctV0rRY-00011-00004118-00004561 communication verbal communication means
EsVRctV0rRY-00012-00004562-00004969 that you talk using words and sounds
EsVRctV0rRY-00013-00004970-00005243 talking on the phone and asking
EsVRctV0rRY-00014-00005244-00005570 questions in class are types of verbal
EsVRctV0rRY-00015-00005571-00006166 communication nonverbal communication
EsVRctV0rRY-00016-00006167-00006511 nonverbal communication means using your
EsVRctV0rRY-00017-00006512-00006928 body to communicate raising your hand or
EsVRctV0rRY-00018-00006929-00007303 nodding your head are types of nonverbal
EsVRctV0rRY-00019-00007304-00008035 communication tone of voice tone of
EsVRctV0rRY-00020-00008036-00008270 voice means how a person says something
EsVRctV0rRY-00021-00008271-00008738 if someone is happy or angry you can
EsVRctV0rRY-00022-00008739-00009046 usually tell based on their tone of
EsVRctV0rRY-00023-00009047-00009664 voice nod your head when you nod your
EsVRctV0rRY-00024-00009665-00010058 head you move it up and down people
EsVRctV0rRY-00025-00010059-00010316 sometimes nod their heads to show
EsVRctV0rRY-00026-00010317-00010731 agreement this is a form of nonverbal
EsVRctV0rRY-00027-00010732-00011348 communication shake your head when you
EsVRctV0rRY-00028-00011349-00011642 move your head from side to side very
EsVRctV0rRY-00029-00011643-00012035 quickly you shake your head people
EsVRctV0rRY-00030-00012036-00012355 sometimes shake their head to say no
EsVRctV0rRY-00031-00012356-00012623 this is a type of nonverbal
EsVRctV0rRY-00032-00012624-00012937 communication to
EsVRctV0rRY-00033-00012938-00013488 I contact when you make eye contact you
EsVRctV0rRY-00034-00013490-00013858 look another person in the eyes in some
EsVRctV0rRY-00035-00013859-00014151 cultures it is rude to make eye contact
EsVRctV0rRY-00036-00014152-00014466 but in other cultures it is polite to
EsVRctV0rRY-00037-00014468-00015229 make eye contact gestures gestures are
EsVRctV0rRY-00038-00015230-00015529 made by giving signals using your hands
EsVRctV0rRY-00039-00015530-00015829 or other parts of your body they are a
EsVRctV0rRY-00040-00015830-00016272 type of nonverbal communication waving
EsVRctV0rRY-00041-00016274-00016819 or pointing our types of gestures furrow
EsVRctV0rRY-00042-00016820-00017218 your brow when you fool your brow you
EsVRctV0rRY-00043-00017219-00017448 move your eyebrows close together you
EsVRctV0rRY-00044-00017449-00017716 can tell when someone is confused
EsVRctV0rRY-00045-00017717-00018183 because they will furrow their brow
EsVRctV0rRY-00046-00018184-00018649 personal space personal space means the
EsVRctV0rRY-00047-00018650-00018898 amount of distance you like to have
EsVRctV0rRY-00048-00018899-00019351 between yourself and others some people
EsVRctV0rRY-00049-00019352-00019723 like a lot of personal space but others
EsVRctV0rRY-00050-00019724-00020290 do not mind if you stand close have a
EsVRctV0rRY-00051-00020291-00020662 deal have a deal means you have an
EsVRctV0rRY-00052-00020663-00020968 agreement with someone for example if
EsVRctV0rRY-00053-00020969-00021286 you agree to take your son to a movie
EsVRctV0rRY-00054-00021287-00021616 after he cleans his room you have a deal
EsVRctV0rRY-00055-00021617-00022141 with your son the end
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00000-00000791-00001630 hello
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00001-00001632-00003175 is
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00002-00003176-00005295 it's been bad
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00003-00005296-00006182 that's good
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00004-00006183-00008874 [Music]
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00005-00008875-00011367 [Music]
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00007-00014663-00016038 uh
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00009-00019695-00021767 about uh
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00010-00021768-00022814 okay
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00011-00022815-00025383 ah
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00012-00025384-00026495 [Music]
Ex7O6i0zmKk-00013-00026495-00026704 you
EyYPl5g70TU-00000-00000978-00001702 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00001-00001703-00002118 what a pinafore look
EyYPl5g70TU-00002-00002119-00002359 you could wear a long sleeve with your
EyYPl5g70TU-00003-00002360-00002523 sleeper dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00004-00002524-00002726 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00005-00002727-00003095 let's style it up
EyYPl5g70TU-00006-00003096-00003390 in part one i've shown you several ways
EyYPl5g70TU-00007-00003392-00003606 in which you could style your sleeper
EyYPl5g70TU-00008-00003607-00003903 dresses and so this
EyYPl5g70TU-00009-00003904-00004127 is just a recap
EyYPl5g70TU-00010-00004128-00004359 but coming up i'll show you some more
EyYPl5g70TU-00011-00004360-00004606 creative ways in which you could style
EyYPl5g70TU-00012-00004607-00005047 this dress and make it work so harder
EyYPl5g70TU-00013-00005048-00005399 for you both as a date dress as well as
EyYPl5g70TU-00014-00005400-00006238 a night dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00015-00006239-00006518 yes you could wear a long sleeve with
EyYPl5g70TU-00016-00006519-00006678 your sleeper dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00017-00006679-00006892 and i'll show you how
EyYPl5g70TU-00018-00006893-00008976 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00019-00008977-00009206 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00020-00009207-00009471 one of the critiques i have again about
EyYPl5g70TU-00021-00009472-00009583 this dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00022-00009584-00009751 they should give it pockets you don't
EyYPl5g70TU-00023-00009752-00009919 think so
EyYPl5g70TU-00024-00009920-00010055 would be nice
EyYPl5g70TU-00025-00010056-00010238 deep pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00026-00010239-00010414 very deep pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00027-00010415-00010710 for people like me who travel
EyYPl5g70TU-00028-00010711-00010863 on the public
EyYPl5g70TU-00029-00010864-00011071 even for regular people who likes
EyYPl5g70TU-00030-00011072-00011310 shallow pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00031-00011311-00011510 yeah you might as well if you're making
EyYPl5g70TU-00032-00011511-00011655 a pocket
EyYPl5g70TU-00033-00011656-00011895 make it deep it's called a pocket for a
EyYPl5g70TU-00034-00011896-00012206 reason you shouldn't make pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00035-00012207-00012663 that make it easier for pick pocketers
EyYPl5g70TU-00036-00012664-00012871 do you agree with me or not
EyYPl5g70TU-00037-00012872-00013127 seriously it's already
EyYPl5g70TU-00038-00013128-00013479 an issue out there so by making very
EyYPl5g70TU-00039-00013480-00013647 shallow pockets you're just making it
EyYPl5g70TU-00040-00013647-00013927 easier for us to become targets if we
EyYPl5g70TU-00041-00013928-00014183 put our wallet just briefly in our
EyYPl5g70TU-00042-00014184-00014311 pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00043-00014312-00014527 sometimes not everybody travels with a
EyYPl5g70TU-00044-00014528-00014647 bag you know
EyYPl5g70TU-00045-00014647-00014903 and even bugs can be snatched so at
EyYPl5g70TU-00046-00014904-00015103 least if you have a deep pocket
EyYPl5g70TU-00047-00015104-00015391 sometimes you could save a little thing
EyYPl5g70TU-00048-00015391-00016271 if the bag goes
EyYPl5g70TU-00049-00016272-00016591 as i've said you could pair with any
EyYPl5g70TU-00050-00016592-00016943 shirt this is an oversized one
EyYPl5g70TU-00051-00016944-00017127 so oversized
EyYPl5g70TU-00052-00017128-00017486 you could style it as a skirt
EyYPl5g70TU-00053-00017487-00017711 down here
EyYPl5g70TU-00054-00017712-00018535 like this
EyYPl5g70TU-00055-00018536-00018871 it is so fresh and weak seriously
EyYPl5g70TU-00056-00018872-00019022 or
EyYPl5g70TU-00057-00019023-00019214 of course
EyYPl5g70TU-00058-00019215-00019683 over like
EyYPl5g70TU-00059-00019684-00019958 so seriously guys
EyYPl5g70TU-00060-00019959-00020230 get your creative juice flowing
EyYPl5g70TU-00061-00020231-00020422 ah
EyYPl5g70TU-00062-00020423-00020783 seriously look at this it's a pinafore
EyYPl5g70TU-00063-00020784-00021007 you could tone your sleeper dress into a
EyYPl5g70TU-00064-00021008-00021239 pinafore
EyYPl5g70TU-00065-00021240-00021407 a halter neck
EyYPl5g70TU-00066-00021408-00021871 for a pinafore look
EyYPl5g70TU-00067-00021872-00022191 but what i wanted to show you is
EyYPl5g70TU-00068-00022192-00022430 style it as a dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00069-00022431-00022991 and
EyYPl5g70TU-00070-00022992-00023911 this is what i
EyYPl5g70TU-00071-00023912-00024135 fold wanted like so
EyYPl5g70TU-00072-00024136-00024750 because it has a long cuff
EyYPl5g70TU-00073-00024751-00025039 but i personally like when it's
EyYPl5g70TU-00074-00025040-00025319 hanging loose like this
EyYPl5g70TU-00075-00025320-00025558 i know it's not true i wanna put up all
EyYPl5g70TU-00076-00025559-00025758 my walls cause i'm not in the mood
EyYPl5g70TU-00077-00025760-00026022 within any shirt
EyYPl5g70TU-00078-00026023-00026287 cut myself off from the rest of the room
EyYPl5g70TU-00079-00026288-00026751 i know that you could button it up here
EyYPl5g70TU-00080-00026752-00026990 or you could leave the color up
EyYPl5g70TU-00081-00026991-00027327 i love this
EyYPl5g70TU-00082-00027327-00027487 patient
EyYPl5g70TU-00083-00027488-00027767 it can all be worth it all the searching
EyYPl5g70TU-00084-00027768-00027990 pain is never really permanent but damn
EyYPl5g70TU-00085-00027991-00028590 it hurts man i
EyYPl5g70TU-00086-00028591-00028911 this is giving me fashion week honestly
EyYPl5g70TU-00087-00028912-00029046 it's just
EyYPl5g70TU-00088-00029047-00029127 ah
EyYPl5g70TU-00089-00029127-00029318 damn i'm good
EyYPl5g70TU-00090-00029319-00029639 purpose i hope it's worth it
EyYPl5g70TU-00091-00029639-00029823 and of course you could wear the sleeve
EyYPl5g70TU-00092-00029824-00030014 anyhow
EyYPl5g70TU-00093-00030016-00030223 could either go up
EyYPl5g70TU-00094-00030224-00030439 exhale
EyYPl5g70TU-00095-00030439-00030735 this society is really trying me oh you
EyYPl5g70TU-00096-00030736-00031107 could do the crunch
EyYPl5g70TU-00097-00031108-00031814 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00098-00031816-00032023 you could also puff the sleeve up as
EyYPl5g70TU-00099-00032024-00033039 well
EyYPl5g70TU-00100-00033040-00033159 or not
EyYPl5g70TU-00101-00033160-00033879 and that's all i'm learning
EyYPl5g70TU-00102-00033880-00034371 work man
EyYPl5g70TU-00103-00034372-00036071 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00104-00036072-00036302 another item that you could pair with
EyYPl5g70TU-00105-00036303-00036630 your sleeper dress is a waistcoat it
EyYPl5g70TU-00106-00036631-00036951 could be a longer or a shorter version
EyYPl5g70TU-00107-00036952-00037207 either one whatever your jam is could
EyYPl5g70TU-00108-00037208-00037502 work beautifully with this
EyYPl5g70TU-00109-00037503-00037767 and of course you know you could belt it
EyYPl5g70TU-00110-00037768-00038071 with a wide belt or a narrow belt
EyYPl5g70TU-00111-00038072-00038511 whatever your style is you do you
EyYPl5g70TU-00112-00038512-00038702 do what they do
EyYPl5g70TU-00113-00038703-00039055 being the belt enthusiast i am
EyYPl5g70TU-00114-00039056-00039711 i'm gonna belt it i feel like
EyYPl5g70TU-00115-00039712-00042071 i know i have pockets
EyYPl5g70TU-00116-00042072-00042335 and you could mix your medals
EyYPl5g70TU-00117-00042336-00042439 guys
EyYPl5g70TU-00118-00042440-00042630 you know i don't follow those rules i
EyYPl5g70TU-00119-00042631-00042927 mix my medals all the time like this is
EyYPl5g70TU-00120-00042928-00043223 a vintage dior piece and as you could
EyYPl5g70TU-00121-00043224-00043527 see they even mix their metals
EyYPl5g70TU-00122-00043528-00043758 and it's beautiful
EyYPl5g70TU-00123-00043759-00043911 gorgeous
EyYPl5g70TU-00124-00043912-00044151 life is amazing
EyYPl5g70TU-00125-00044152-00044327 as i've always said
EyYPl5g70TU-00126-00044328-00044511 wear your boots
EyYPl5g70TU-00127-00044512-00044671 in summer
EyYPl5g70TU-00128-00044672-00044855 men do it all the time you could do it
EyYPl5g70TU-00129-00044856-00044967 too
EyYPl5g70TU-00130-00044968-00045207 do not confine them to just
EyYPl5g70TU-00131-00045208-00045383 any winter
EyYPl5g70TU-00132-00045384-00045551 any fall
EyYPl5g70TU-00133-00045552-00045687 any spring
EyYPl5g70TU-00134-00045688-00045927 just wear your boots
EyYPl5g70TU-00135-00045928-00046111 i try to reach them and find a solution
EyYPl5g70TU-00136-00046112-00046302 my evolution
EyYPl5g70TU-00137-00046303-00046567 and the sleeper dress is definitely a
EyYPl5g70TU-00138-00046568-00046751 dress that you could
EyYPl5g70TU-00139-00046752-00047023 farther eyes or winterize as i've said
EyYPl5g70TU-00140-00047024-00047335 to you earlier i'll be putting this
EyYPl5g70TU-00141-00047336-00047543 dress to work
EyYPl5g70TU-00142-00047544-00047879 because it's an expensive piece and it
EyYPl5g70TU-00143-00047880-00048158 hasn't been doing much especially when
EyYPl5g70TU-00144-00048159-00048367 it got damaged so
EyYPl5g70TU-00145-00048368-00048543 it's like this it didn't exist you made
EyYPl5g70TU-00146-00048544-00048855 it like i love this look
EyYPl5g70TU-00147-00048856-00049030 so you can go pick the batter got a
EyYPl5g70TU-00148-00049031-00051294 glass halfway
EyYPl5g70TU-00149-00051295-00051542 i love this i personally love a high
EyYPl5g70TU-00150-00051544-00051838 neck i've always loved high neck with
EyYPl5g70TU-00151-00051839-00051966 unique
EyYPl5g70TU-00152-00051967-00052087 details
EyYPl5g70TU-00153-00052088-00052358 at the shoulder blade so this is another
EyYPl5g70TU-00154-00052359-00052679 one and you could completely
EyYPl5g70TU-00155-00052679-00052926 change the look up
EyYPl5g70TU-00156-00052927-00053182 so again i have the option of wearing it
EyYPl5g70TU-00157-00053183-00053471 as a skirt
EyYPl5g70TU-00158-00053472-00053735 skirt because it's not quite a skirt you
EyYPl5g70TU-00159-00053736-00054175 could turn the arms
EyYPl5g70TU-00160-00054176-00054542 into this skirt do not have sleeves but
EyYPl5g70TU-00161-00054544-00055063 you get the jigs right
EyYPl5g70TU-00162-00055064-00055254 you get a totally
EyYPl5g70TU-00163-00055255-00055503 high fashion look
EyYPl5g70TU-00164-00055504-00055853 in my humble opinion
EyYPl5g70TU-00165-00055854-00057007 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00166-00057008-00057207 got a really bad habit if it moves gotta
EyYPl5g70TU-00167-00057208-00057438 grab it fuse like a magnet lose won't
EyYPl5g70TU-00168-00057439-00057687 have it till i'm doomed in a casket
EyYPl5g70TU-00169-00057688-00057894 i ain't playing got a weird mind if you
EyYPl5g70TU-00170-00057895-00058119 work eight hours imma work nine if the
EyYPl5g70TU-00171-00058120-00058311 tastes sour you should taste mine
EyYPl5g70TU-00172-00058312-00058607 imma stay in power for a long time get
EyYPl5g70TU-00173-00058608-00058807 up now i ain't a quitter toss me the
EyYPl5g70TU-00174-00058808-00059087 ball i'm a really big hitter big picture
EyYPl5g70TU-00175-00059088-00059294 i'm a straight killer
EyYPl5g70TU-00176-00059295-00059582 to the highest bidder got juice got gas
EyYPl5g70TU-00177-00059583-00059838 i'ma move fast new shoes new tracks like
EyYPl5g70TU-00178-00059839-00060094 who's that i'm new come back better than
EyYPl5g70TU-00179-00060095-00060182 last
EyYPl5g70TU-00180-00060183-00060375 you don't love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00181-00060376-00060615 no
EyYPl5g70TU-00182-00060616-00062079 i do i absolutely love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00183-00062079-00062335 and of course
EyYPl5g70TU-00184-00062336-00062838 you could also bring it to the front
EyYPl5g70TU-00185-00062839-00062975 if you go out
EyYPl5g70TU-00186-00062976-00063142 and you want to eat
EyYPl5g70TU-00187-00063144-00063542 and you're wearing it as a skirt
EyYPl5g70TU-00188-00063544-00063742 you could just wrap the sleeves around
EyYPl5g70TU-00189-00063744-00063830 you
EyYPl5g70TU-00190-00063832-00064294 if there's an accident ah these sleeves
EyYPl5g70TU-00191-00064295-00065591 so many things you could do with it
EyYPl5g70TU-00192-00065592-00066247 i love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00193-00066248-00066503 it just gives you a new look without
EyYPl5g70TU-00194-00066504-00066599 having
EyYPl5g70TU-00195-00066600-00066815 to do anything just
EyYPl5g70TU-00196-00066816-00067415 creativity and you're good
EyYPl5g70TU-00197-00067416-00067913 even knows it's a sleeper dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00198-00067914-00069311 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00199-00069312-00069535 the other way you could do it of course
EyYPl5g70TU-00200-00069536-00069623 is
EyYPl5g70TU-00201-00069624-00069847 put it like this
EyYPl5g70TU-00202-00069848-00070087 but you guys have seen that in previous
EyYPl5g70TU-00203-00070088-00070447 videos where i style my bottle tops
EyYPl5g70TU-00204-00070448-00070697 as a heart and egg
EyYPl5g70TU-00205-00070698-00070903 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00206-00070904-00072871 absolutely love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00207-00072872-00073223 and that's
EyYPl5g70TU-00208-00073224-00073487 what i love is the sliver
EyYPl5g70TU-00209-00073488-00073759 of skin that you could see here
EyYPl5g70TU-00210-00073760-00074119 and it transforms the look
EyYPl5g70TU-00211-00074120-00074282 into something
EyYPl5g70TU-00212-00074283-00074519 phenomenal i love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00213-00074520-00075679 make a change
EyYPl5g70TU-00214-00075680-00075975 how do you like your sleeves
EyYPl5g70TU-00215-00075976-00076071 up
EyYPl5g70TU-00216-00076072-00076294 down crunch
EyYPl5g70TU-00217-00076295-00076462 let me know below
EyYPl5g70TU-00218-00076463-00076662 i'm serious let me know
EyYPl5g70TU-00219-00076663-00076999 and all of these looks you could simply
EyYPl5g70TU-00220-00077000-00077350 switch your accessories around
EyYPl5g70TU-00221-00077351-00077894 and by accessories i mean your shoes
EyYPl5g70TU-00222-00077895-00078159 or your bags
EyYPl5g70TU-00223-00078160-00078406 so you could eat up the look
EyYPl5g70TU-00224-00078407-00079514 or you could just simply casualize it
EyYPl5g70TU-00225-00079515-00080478 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00226-00080479-00081103 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00227-00081104-00081694 add a pop of color
EyYPl5g70TU-00228-00081695-00081929 change the sleeve up
EyYPl5g70TU-00229-00081930-00082111 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00230-00082112-00082336 add your favorite bag
EyYPl5g70TU-00231-00082337-00082703 [Music]
EyYPl5g70TU-00232-00082704-00083038 and this is the reason why i love the
EyYPl5g70TU-00233-00083039-00083335 sleeper dress because of its versatility
EyYPl5g70TU-00234-00083336-00083743 you could do so many things with it for
EyYPl5g70TU-00235-00083744-00084062 me i bought it extra large that way i
EyYPl5g70TU-00236-00084063-00084287 have enough
EyYPl5g70TU-00237-00084288-00084671 versatility and i could maneuver it any
EyYPl5g70TU-00238-00084672-00084911 and anyhow that i wish
EyYPl5g70TU-00239-00084912-00085294 whenever i see an item i often visualize
EyYPl5g70TU-00240-00085295-00085543 the potential of it i don't just buy it
EyYPl5g70TU-00241-00085544-00085887 because it's trending or it's popular i
EyYPl5g70TU-00242-00085888-00086175 look at how i could wear it in so many
EyYPl5g70TU-00243-00086176-00086462 different ways what i could pull from my
EyYPl5g70TU-00244-00086463-00086799 closet and wear it with it
EyYPl5g70TU-00245-00086800-00086926 ah
EyYPl5g70TU-00246-00086927-00087375 love this love this so this dress
EyYPl5g70TU-00247-00087376-00087631 is a one-stop shop
EyYPl5g70TU-00248-00087632-00088015 as long as it's made well
EyYPl5g70TU-00249-00088016-00088382 it's a bit thin it's on the thinner
EyYPl5g70TU-00250-00088383-00088623 linen side because linen could be so
EyYPl5g70TU-00251-00088624-00088855 thick i guess because
EyYPl5g70TU-00252-00088856-00089135 it's a nightwear but
EyYPl5g70TU-00253-00089136-00089326 it's already linen it's breathable
EyYPl5g70TU-00254-00089327-00089759 anyway
EyYPl5g70TU-00255-00089760-00089871 i
EyYPl5g70TU-00256-00089872-00090150 yeah the multiple ways i could wear this
EyYPl5g70TU-00257-00090151-00090382 and i hope that for the coming years
EyYPl5g70TU-00258-00090383-00090582 i'll be able to get more wear out of
EyYPl5g70TU-00259-00090583-00090847 this because as i mentioned to you at
EyYPl5g70TU-00260-00090848-00091111 the outset i never had
EyYPl5g70TU-00261-00091112-00091326 enough wear from this piece i've never
EyYPl5g70TU-00262-00091327-00091599 actually worn it out even to date i've
EyYPl5g70TU-00263-00091600-00091935 fixed it but i haven't worn it out and
EyYPl5g70TU-00264-00091936-00092167 i'll be given that opportunity in the
EyYPl5g70TU-00265-00092168-00092399 next couple of weeks because this would
EyYPl5g70TU-00266-00092400-00092711 be my
EyYPl5g70TU-00267-00092712-00092982 dress of the
EyYPl5g70TU-00268-00092983-00093167 next six weeks
EyYPl5g70TU-00269-00093168-00093423 and it's for that reason i ordered
EyYPl5g70TU-00270-00093424-00093550 another one
EyYPl5g70TU-00271-00093551-00093838 in the blue because i also love
EyYPl5g70TU-00272-00093839-00094135 that baby blue it's so flattering on
EyYPl5g70TU-00273-00094136-00094311 every skin tone
EyYPl5g70TU-00274-00094312-00094471 absolutely love it
EyYPl5g70TU-00275-00094472-00094671 i hope you guys have learned something i
EyYPl5g70TU-00276-00094672-00094974 hope you have enjoyed this video and
EyYPl5g70TU-00277-00094975-00095159 i will see you in the next one i love
EyYPl5g70TU-00278-00095160-00095483 you guys
E-AwGrVj6OM-00000-00000026-00000356 sauce Chaucer sometimes called hunter
E-AwGrVj6OM-00001-00000357-00000626 sauce is a simple or compound brown
E-AwGrVj6OM-00002-00000627-00000850 sauce used in French cuisine it is
E-AwGrVj6OM-00003-00000851-00001082 typically made using demi glass or in
E-AwGrVj6OM-00004-00001083-00001298 espanol sauce as a base and often
E-AwGrVj6OM-00005-00001299-00001565 includes mushrooms and shallots it may
E-AwGrVj6OM-00006-00001566-00001784 also include tomatoes and a finishing of
E-AwGrVj6OM-00007-00001785-00002332 fines herbes
E-AwGrVj6OM-00008-00002333-00002838 topic history
E-AwGrVj6OM-00009-00002839-00003042 the name is derived from the French word
E-AwGrVj6OM-00010-00003043-00003351 for hunter alluding to the traditional
E-AwGrVj6OM-00011-00003352-00003585 pairings with venison rabbit wild fowl
E-AwGrVj6OM-00012-00003586-00003885 and other game meats traditionally while
E-AwGrVj6OM-00013-00003886-00004044 returning from the hunt the hunters
E-AwGrVj6OM-00014-00004045-00004188 would pick the mushrooms that they would
E-AwGrVj6OM-00015-00004189-00004424 subsequently use for their preparation
E-AwGrVj6OM-00016-00004425-00004629 Chaucer is thought to have been invented
E-AwGrVj6OM-00017-00004630-00004829 by Phillipe DeMornay who is also
E-AwGrVj6OM-00018-00004830-00004979 credited with inventing mornay sauce
E-AwGrVj6OM-00019-00004980-00005802 béchamel sauce Lyonnaise and sauce Porto
E-AwGrVj6OM-00020-00005803-00006331 topic see also
E-AwGrVj6OM-00021-00006332-00006914 brown sauce cacciatore Coco van hunters
E-AwGrVj6OM-00022-00006915-00007156 chicken
E-EFvjLjnIy-00000-00000000-00000299 in this video we will show you how you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00001-00000300-00000841 can explore the concept of gravitational
E-EFvjLjnIy-00002-00000842-00001204 field and gravitational potential of a
E-EFvjLjnIy-00003-00001205-00001639 two meth system double click on the jar
E-EFvjLjnIy-00004-00001641-00001801 file that you have downloaded it should
E-EFvjLjnIy-00005-00001802-00002381 look like this file k opens up so ignore
E-EFvjLjnIy-00006-00002382-00002783 the HTML just double click on the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00007-00002784-00003023 simulation to expand it to full screen
E-EFvjLjnIy-00008-00003024-00003233 now you can see that at the beginning
E-EFvjLjnIy-00009-00003234-00003578 there is this worldview which you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00010-00003579-00004006 see the different message so check on
E-EFvjLjnIy-00011-00004007-00004497 the boxes to activate m1 ok and you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00012-00004498-00004879 check also on the test mess if you want
E-EFvjLjnIy-00013-00004880-00005263 to ok test mess is usually set at one
E-EFvjLjnIy-00014-00005264-00005561 kilogram and from here you can see that
E-EFvjLjnIy-00015-00005562-00005984 the test measure can be dynamically move
E-EFvjLjnIy-00016-00005985-00006236 around in order for the students to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00017-00006237-00006581 visualize this concept call the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00018-00006581-00006983 gravitation of few string now checking
E-EFvjLjnIy-00019-00006984-00007246 on this button in forum enter the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00020-00007247-00007508 various buttons will allow you to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00021-00007509-00007828 understand and explore the different
E-EFvjLjnIy-00022-00007829-00008070 graphical representations of these
E-EFvjLjnIy-00023-00008072-00008581 concepts like G few potential force and
E-EFvjLjnIy-00024-00008582-00008858 potential energy leaving your mouse
E-EFvjLjnIy-00025-00008859-00009223 there for a while will toggle the hints
E-EFvjLjnIy-00026-00009224-00009481 so for example you're interested in G
E-EFvjLjnIy-00027-00009482-00009917 feel so this is showing you the net g
E-EFvjLjnIy-00028-00009918-00010196 field strength so as you drag the test
E-EFvjLjnIy-00029-00010197-00010612 mess around you can see how the blue
E-EFvjLjnIy-00030-00010613-00011038 massive mass m1 is actually creating
E-EFvjLjnIy-00031-00011039-00011353 this influence around the surrounding
E-EFvjLjnIy-00032-00011354-00011745 that they will get other message to be
E-EFvjLjnIy-00033-00011746-00012145 attracted to it so on the right you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00034-00012146-00012380 see that there are these values which
E-EFvjLjnIy-00035-00012381-00012716 are actually g1 and g2 later on you will
E-EFvjLjnIy-00036-00012717-00013213 see belongs to the gravitational field
E-EFvjLjnIy-00037-00013215-00013403 strength at the test
E-EFvjLjnIy-00038-00013404-00013738 exposition do to mess too and this is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00039-00013740-00014080 the net so because there is no capital m
E-EFvjLjnIy-00040-00014081-00014524 to selected their 4g 2 will be 0
E-EFvjLjnIy-00041-00014525-00015022 therefore making g 1 equal to g net
E-EFvjLjnIy-00042-00015023-00015358 which is as shown as this golden color
E-EFvjLjnIy-00043-00015359-00015752 line so as you can probably figure out
E-EFvjLjnIy-00044-00015753-00015997 you can actually play with this and find
E-EFvjLjnIy-00045-00015998-00016624 out for yourself how is this gfu related
E-EFvjLjnIy-00046-00016625-00016994 ok so you can play with this and you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00047-00016995-00017417 see how the direction of the G is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00048-00017418-00017836 actually indicated here s in the pink
E-EFvjLjnIy-00049-00017837-00018425 arrow ok so if you is if these tests
E-EFvjLjnIy-00050-00018426-00018986 messes on the right of the mass m1 you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00051-00018987-00019306 can find that the force or the in this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00052-00019307-00019558 case the gravitational field strength
E-EFvjLjnIy-00053-00019559-00019861 will be pointing to the left and if the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00054-00019862-00020286 test mess is on the left of the m1
E-EFvjLjnIy-00055-00020287-00020480 correspondingly you can find the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00056-00020481-00020965 direction of the g1 you know this is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00057-00020966-00021125 this as this simulation has been
E-EFvjLjnIy-00058-00021126-00021511 modified according to what we believe to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00059-00021512-00022015 be correct for a uniformly dense mass so
E-EFvjLjnIy-00060-00022016-00022378 as the position of our increases the G
E-EFvjLjnIy-00061-00022379-00022678 few strong actually is varying linearly
E-EFvjLjnIy-00062-00022679-00022969 but once it is outside the mess it
E-EFvjLjnIy-00063-00022970-00023408 becomes your traditional 1 over R square
E-EFvjLjnIy-00064-00023409-00023761 relationship I now if you check on the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00065-00023762-00023936 other boxes you can find that now you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00066-00023937-00024733 can see the resultant G feel due to the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00067-00024734-00025072 two met system and as you move the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00068-00025073-00025228 testaments around you can see that now
E-EFvjLjnIy-00069-00025229-00025742 you have a ping arrow which is the g one
E-EFvjLjnIy-00070-00025743-00026002 you also have a slight green arrow which
E-EFvjLjnIy-00071-00026003-00026345 is the g two and they should be pointing
E-EFvjLjnIy-00072-00026345-00026729 to the right k a disposition so you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00073-00026730-00026787 see how
E-EFvjLjnIy-00074-00026788-00027423 changes k & n s is inside notice that g
E-EFvjLjnIy-00075-00027424-00027786 one is now pointing to the left with g2
E-EFvjLjnIy-00076-00027787-00027999 still continuing to point to the right
E-EFvjLjnIy-00077-00028000-00028317 because gravitational strengths are
E-EFvjLjnIy-00078-00028318-00028689 attractive ok and if it is on the right
E-EFvjLjnIy-00079-00028689-00029112 you can see that the arrow hit for g1 is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00080-00029113-00029430 a lot smaller than 4g too because now
E-EFvjLjnIy-00081-00029431-00029688 the test match position is a lot nearer
E-EFvjLjnIy-00082-00029689-00030168 to m 2 and not so near to m1 so this is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00083-00030169-00030507 how the direction of the GF you strength
E-EFvjLjnIy-00084-00030508-00030657 can change you can actually use this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00085-00030658-00030932 slider to control the degree of
E-EFvjLjnIy-00086-00030933-00031538 visualization for the Jews to be drawn
E-EFvjLjnIy-00087-00031539-00031968 ok so if you find that this is too short
E-EFvjLjnIy-00088-00031969-00032457 you can actually change it ok now you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00089-00032458-00032714 can also find it in this simulation if
E-EFvjLjnIy-00090-00032716-00032919 you play click on the play button you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00091-00032920-00033186 can actually discover for yourself how
E-EFvjLjnIy-00092-00033187-00033459 this test mess will behave under the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00093-00033460-00033708 influence of the gravitation of your
E-EFvjLjnIy-00094-00033709-00034317 string ok so you can reset and you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00095-00034318-00034850 also now be able to visualize the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00096-00034851-00035706 individual g1's as commonly difficult to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00097-00035707-00035949 understand for students as in the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00098-00035950-00036203 lecture notes it is usually not very
E-EFvjLjnIy-00099-00036204-00036765 well explained now you can move this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00100-00036766-00037011 around and you can see now this dotted
E-EFvjLjnIy-00101-00037012-00037440 line is actually now the g1 so if you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00102-00037441-00037653 uncheck it and check it you can find the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00103-00037654-00038127 influent the graph of G 1 you can find
E-EFvjLjnIy-00104-00038128-00038550 the graph of G 2 ok and equal to drop
E-EFvjLjnIy-00105-00038551-00039236 both then you can see how the value of
E-EFvjLjnIy-00106-00039237-00039768 g1 and g2 a disposition will add up to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00107-00039769-00040071 give you the unit at the same
E-EFvjLjnIy-00108-00040072-00040961 you can now likewise if you were to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00109-00040962-00041256 understand this so let me uncheck this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00110-00041257-00041595 okay so another concept that comes with
E-EFvjLjnIy-00111-00041596-00042009 this will be the value of potential so
E-EFvjLjnIy-00112-00042010-00042267 potential is also a concept that you can
E-EFvjLjnIy-00113-00042268-00042570 explore here so you can dynamically move
E-EFvjLjnIy-00114-00042571-00042741 or you can reset the whole simulation so
E-EFvjLjnIy-00115-00042742-00042894 that it gets back to its original
E-EFvjLjnIy-00116-00042895-00043059 position that you can see neither i put
E-EFvjLjnIy-00117-00043060-00043548 a test mess here okay if it is right at
E-EFvjLjnIy-00118-00043549-00043917 the center where the 2 m1 and m2 are of
E-EFvjLjnIy-00119-00043918-00044142 equal measures let's say in this case
E-EFvjLjnIy-00120-00044143-00044379 1000 1000 you will find that it is at an
E-EFvjLjnIy-00121-00044380-00044726 equilibrium because the forces on the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00122-00044727-00045090 right is equal to the forces on the lamp
E-EFvjLjnIy-00123-00045091-00045297 therefore it is experiencing a net force
E-EFvjLjnIy-00124-00045298-00045681 of 0 okay but notice that they actually
E-EFvjLjnIy-00125-00045682-00046076 d Phi 1 and Phi 2 i'll actually negative
E-EFvjLjnIy-00126-00046077-00046422 okay as shown by this value here so if
E-EFvjLjnIy-00127-00046423-00046728 you toggle Phi 1 so this will be Phi 1
E-EFvjLjnIy-00128-00046729-00047151 this position here will be negative 3.34
E-EFvjLjnIy-00129-00047152-00047601 e to the power of minus 8 and this will
E-EFvjLjnIy-00130-00047602-00048075 also be 52 a disposition so adding this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00131-00048076-00048290 Phi 1 and Phi 2 together you'll get a
E-EFvjLjnIy-00132-00048291-00048642 fine net which is actually negative 6.67
E-EFvjLjnIy-00133-00048643-00048831 to the power of minus eight so
E-EFvjLjnIy-00134-00048832-00049071 graphically it looks like that but
E-EFvjLjnIy-00135-00049072-00049259 numerically you can I show you can also
E-EFvjLjnIy-00136-00049260-00049608 change the position of the test mass to
E-EFvjLjnIy-00137-00049609-00049905 discover for yourself the individual
E-EFvjLjnIy-00138-00049906-00050085 values at the position and if the
E-EFvjLjnIy-00139-00050086-00050238 simulation is running you can find that
E-EFvjLjnIy-00140-00050239-00050538 it will move according to the Newton's
E-EFvjLjnIy-00141-00050539-00051138 law of motion now the last thing that
E-EFvjLjnIy-00142-00051139-00051482 you can play with the summation and
E-EFvjLjnIy-00143-00051483-00051810 discover for yourself with this the file
E-EFvjLjnIy-00144-00051811-00052142 with dr so defiled ER is actually
E-EFvjLjnIy-00145-00052144-00052386 degrade the end as you can see if i move
E-EFvjLjnIy-00146-00052387-00052722 the test mess around this gradient here
E-EFvjLjnIy-00147-00052723-00053121 is your T Phi over the r and it is
E-EFvjLjnIy-00148-00053122-00053448 currently having a value of negative 4
E-EFvjLjnIy-00149-00053449-00053901 point 17 to power minus 8 and this will
E-EFvjLjnIy-00150-00053902-00054429 actually correspond to a value that you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00151-00054429-00054996 can find so numerically is equal to this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00152-00054997-00055323 but with an extra negative sign so this
E-EFvjLjnIy-00153-00055324-00055601 simulation hopes that you can actually
E-EFvjLjnIy-00154-00055602-00055896 discover for yourself by playing around
E-EFvjLjnIy-00155-00055897-00056136 ok becoming like a scientist collect
E-EFvjLjnIy-00156-00056137-00056394 data so you can collect several data's
E-EFvjLjnIy-00157-00056395-00056630 and then come up with a trend and
E-EFvjLjnIy-00158-00056632-00056813 discuss with your colleagues or two
E-EFvjLjnIy-00159-00056814-00057147 fellows classmates what this value and
E-EFvjLjnIy-00160-00057148-00057588 this value have in common ok so that you
E-EFvjLjnIy-00161-00057589-00059179 can be like a scientist
E-EFvjLjnIy-00162-00059180-00059387 you
E-LhD6hOXSo-00000-00000043-00000299 downsizing often involves moving to a
E-LhD6hOXSo-00001-00000300-00000394 new location
E-LhD6hOXSo-00002-00000395-00000545 I want to help make your move
E-LhD6hOXSo-00003-00000546-00000767 stress-free with these helpful tips and
E-LhD6hOXSo-00004-00000768-00001043 tricks number one research your new
E-LhD6hOXSo-00005-00001044-00001270 location and neighborhood to find a home
E-LhD6hOXSo-00006-00001271-00001589 that meets your needs number two hire a
E-LhD6hOXSo-00007-00001590-00001834 reputable moving company or enlist the
E-LhD6hOXSo-00008-00001835-00002021 help of friends and family to make the
E-LhD6hOXSo-00009-00002022-00002267 moving process easier number three make
E-LhD6hOXSo-00010-00002268-00002452 a list of all the tasks that need to be
E-LhD6hOXSo-00011-00002453-00002783 done before during and after the move to
E-LhD6hOXSo-00012-00002784-00003029 stay organized number four consider
E-LhD6hOXSo-00013-00003030-00003238 downsizing your possessions before the
E-LhD6hOXSo-00014-00003239-00003461 move to reduce the amount of items that
E-LhD6hOXSo-00015-00003461-00003731 need to be packed and moved moving and
E-LhD6hOXSo-00016-00003732-00004006 relocation can be overwhelming but with
E-LhD6hOXSo-00017-00004007-00004193 the right planning and preparation it
E-LhD6hOXSo-00018-00004194-00004336 can be a smooth and successful
E-LhD6hOXSo-00019-00004337-00004601 transition to your new downsized home
E-LhD6hOXSo-00020-00004602-00004829 get my free downsizing checklist by
E-LhD6hOXSo-00021-00004830-00005104 sending me a DM on Instagram or comment
E-LhD6hOXSo-00022-00005105-00005315 below downsize and I will get it right
E-LhD6hOXSo-00023-00005316-00005564 over to you
EASDnGZME24-00000-00000006-00000173 hey everyone welcome back today we're
EASDnGZME24-00001-00000174-00000323 going to talk about the rod of pain
EASDnGZME24-00002-00000324-00000551 which is an artifact in the Zen Market
EASDnGZME24-00003-00000552-00000784 the big question is is it worth it is it
EASDnGZME24-00004-00000785-00000947 good for healers is it worth the price
EASDnGZME24-00005-00000948-00001204 on the auction house is it more worth it
EASDnGZME24-00006-00001205-00001354 to purchase it on the auction house for
EASDnGZME24-00007-00001355-00001523 the Zen market and how much time do I
EASDnGZME24-00008-00001524-00001655 have all that we're going to answer
EASDnGZME24-00009-00001655-00001847 right here right now and yeah so let's
EASDnGZME24-00010-00001848-00002081 just get straight into it I have a lot
EASDnGZME24-00011-00002082-00002255 of pain right here
EASDnGZME24-00012-00002256-00002500 um it comes to you in purple so when you
EASDnGZME24-00013-00002501-00002710 get it on the Zen Market or the auction
EASDnGZME24-00014-00002711-00002908 house you purchase it a purple that's
EASDnGZME24-00015-00002909-00003274 the main level you can get it at as you
EASDnGZME24-00016-00003275-00003509 can see it has power crits very combat
EASDnGZME24-00017-00003510-00003838 Vantage on it as its primary stats I
EASDnGZME24-00018-00003839-00004067 think already looking at it it is a good
EASDnGZME24-00019-00004068-00004403 piece for healers or DPS and once it
EASDnGZME24-00020-00004404-00004613 gets to its Max item level it will be
EASDnGZME24-00021-00004614-00004888 1500 item level there's not many of
EASDnGZME24-00022-00004889-00005147 those in the game so this is already
EASDnGZME24-00023-00005148-00005477 valuable for that reason alone if you
EASDnGZME24-00024-00005478-00005783 inspect it you can see here that it does
EASDnGZME24-00025-00005784-00005981 have a use I don't necessarily think
EASDnGZME24-00026-00005982-00006275 that that it's good for primary use but
EASDnGZME24-00027-00006276-00006478 it is good to have on your bar instead
EASDnGZME24-00028-00006479-00006677 of one of these others honestly I'd
EASDnGZME24-00029-00006678-00006875 probably replace it with my Assassin's
EASDnGZME24-00030-00006876-00007151 dice just because I don't need accuracy
EASDnGZME24-00031-00007152-00007396 on The Devout but you know you can mix
EASDnGZME24-00032-00007397-00007534 and match what you would want to do with
EASDnGZME24-00033-00007536-00007756 it but I'd probably put it here so if
EASDnGZME24-00034-00007758-00007942 you're currently looking for it it is in
EASDnGZME24-00035-00007943-00008128 the pack section on the Zen Market
EASDnGZME24-00036-00008129-00008417 without a coupon it's three thousands in
EASDnGZME24-00037-00008418-00008728 it comes with a title some fashion three
EASDnGZME24-00038-00008729-00008921 shards of Greater empowerment astona
EASDnGZME24-00039-00008922-00009113 health and 200 trade bars the real value
EASDnGZME24-00040-00009114-00009287 in this whole thing is the rod of pain
EASDnGZME24-00041-00009288-00009460 the three shards are great to have and
EASDnGZME24-00042-00009461-00009641 stuff like that but really this is what
EASDnGZME24-00043-00009642-00009814 you're going for okay so to purchase
EASDnGZME24-00044-00009815-00010096 3000 Zen with that's without a coupon
EASDnGZME24-00045-00010097-00010337 which you would be crazy to not use a
EASDnGZME24-00046-00010338-00010781 coupon like a 20 off any item it is 2.25
EASDnGZME24-00047-00010782-00010992 so 2 million two hundred fifty thousand
EASDnGZME24-00048-00010993-00011387 A.D to purchase the whole pack the rod
EASDnGZME24-00049-00011388-00011603 of pain being the most valuable thing on
EASDnGZME24-00050-00011604-00011795 it okay so if we search we're out of
EASDnGZME24-00051-00011796-00012041 pain and go to buyout we'll find find
EASDnGZME24-00052-00012042-00012364 that it is sitting at 1.8 it's been like
EASDnGZME24-00053-00012365-00012527 this for a few days this is kind of like
EASDnGZME24-00054-00012528-00012767 the cheapest recently that I've seen it
EASDnGZME24-00055-00012768-00013108 go so 1.8 mil is already cheaper than if
EASDnGZME24-00056-00013109-00013355 you purchase the pack on the Zen Market
EASDnGZME24-00057-00013356-00013661 with turning it into zen even though you
EASDnGZME24-00058-00013662-00013949 do get the other items in that box I
EASDnGZME24-00059-00013950-00014135 don't necessarily think those items are
EASDnGZME24-00060-00014136-00014441 worth using your Xenon so right now I
EASDnGZME24-00061-00014441-00014597 think the rod of paint is more valuable
EASDnGZME24-00062-00014597-00014861 to purchase on the auction house at 1.8
EASDnGZME24-00063-00014862-00015041 mil I don't know if it's going to go
EASDnGZME24-00064-00015041-00015305 down from that but this is what looks
EASDnGZME24-00065-00015306-00015533 like to be going to be a fairly limited
EASDnGZME24-00066-00015534-00015803 item we all know what that means it
EASDnGZME24-00067-00015804-00016121 might not be but it is currently only on
EASDnGZME24-00068-00016122-00016288 the Zen market so if you want to get
EASDnGZME24-00069-00016290-00016547 this I would recommend getting it when
EASDnGZME24-00070-00016548-00016780 it's this 1.8 is putting that at the
EASDnGZME24-00071-00016781-00017099 coupon price more so than anything so if
EASDnGZME24-00072-00017100-00017303 you don't get a coupon or you have you
EASDnGZME24-00073-00017304-00017447 don't want to turn anything into zen
EASDnGZME24-00074-00017448-00017680 blah blah blah this is a good price to
EASDnGZME24-00075-00017681-00017957 get 1.8 mil for the rod of paint I think
EASDnGZME24-00076-00017958-00018130 that it is is great and something that
EASDnGZME24-00077-00018131-00018341 probably all DPS will want to have and I
EASDnGZME24-00078-00018342-00018479 also think that it's good for healers
EASDnGZME24-00079-00018480-00018665 it's just a high item level it's got
EASDnGZME24-00080-00018666-00018875 power it's got crit severity two things
EASDnGZME24-00081-00018876-00019097 we really like item level we really love
EASDnGZME24-00082-00019098-00019535 so that is all I think ideally worth it
EASDnGZME24-00083-00019536-00019775 to get on any of the characters that
EASDnGZME24-00084-00019776-00019967 you're playing it is not an account wide
EASDnGZME24-00085-00019968-00020153 thing or anything like that so if you
EASDnGZME24-00086-00020154-00020386 look at it at Mythic you see 1500 you
EASDnGZME24-00087-00020387-00020885 get 11 25 power 1125 crit severity so
EASDnGZME24-00088-00020886-00021136 this is a lot of stats I think it's a
EASDnGZME24-00089-00021137-00021389 fantastic piece I recommend healers that
EASDnGZME24-00090-00021390-00021533 can afford it get out there and go ahead
EASDnGZME24-00091-00021534-00021689 and get yourself a rod of pain and just
EASDnGZME24-00092-00021690-00022081 put it on your bar somewhere and enjoy
EBn74S8Hoic-00000-00000046-00000335 propyne methyl acetylene is an alkyne
EBn74S8Hoic-00001-00000336-00000644 with the chemical formula ch3 c CH it
EBn74S8Hoic-00002-00000645-00000970 was a component of map gas along with
EBn74S8Hoic-00003-00000971-00001100 its isomer propane
EBn74S8Hoic-00004-00001101-00001300 aleem which was commonly used in gas
EBn74S8Hoic-00005-00001301-00001609 welding unlike acetylene propane can be
EBn74S8Hoic-00006-00001610-00002179 safely condensed
EBn74S8Hoic-00007-00002180-00002476 topic production and equilibrium with
EBn74S8Hoic-00008-00002477-00002891 propa dying
EBn74S8Hoic-00009-00002892-00003179 propyne exists in equilibrium with propa
EBn74S8Hoic-00010-00003180-00003359 dyeing the mixture of propyne and
EBn74S8Hoic-00011-00003360-00003622 propylene being called MAPD
EBn74S8Hoic-00012-00003622-00004118 h3 ccchhh to C equals C equals ch2 the
EBn74S8Hoic-00013-00004119-00004463 coefficient of equilibrium keq is 0.2 to
EBn74S8Hoic-00014-00004464-00004829 at 270 degrees celsius or 0.1 at 5
EBn74S8Hoic-00015-00004830-00005204 degrees celsius MAPD is produced as a
EBn74S8Hoic-00016-00005205-00005477 side product often an undesirable one by
EBn74S8Hoic-00017-00005478-00005684 cracking propane to produce propane an
EBn74S8Hoic-00018-00005685-00005879 important feedstock in the chemical
EBn74S8Hoic-00019-00005880-00006176 industry MAPD interferes with the
EBn74S8Hoic-00020-00006177-00006817 catalytic polymerization of propane
EBn74S8Hoic-00021-00006818-00007371 topic laboratory methods
EBn74S8Hoic-00022-00007372-00007617 propyne can also be synthesized on
EBn74S8Hoic-00023-00007618-00007876 laboratory scale by reducing 1-propanol
EBn74S8Hoic-00024-00007877-00008124 a low alcohol or acetone vapors over
EBn74S8Hoic-00025-00008125-00008684 magnesium
EBn74S8Hoic-00026-00008685-00009293 topic uses a rocket fuel
EBn74S8Hoic-00027-00009294-00009539 european space companies have researched
EBn74S8Hoic-00028-00009540-00009746 using light hydrocarbons with liquid
EBn74S8Hoic-00029-00009747-00009966 oxygen as a relatively high performing
EBn74S8Hoic-00030-00009967-00010170 liquid rocket propellant combination
EBn74S8Hoic-00031-00010171-00010359 that would also be less toxic than the
EBn74S8Hoic-00032-00010360-00010553 commonly used MMH nto
EBn74S8Hoic-00033-00010554-00010817 monomethylhydrazine nitrogen tetroxide
EBn74S8Hoic-00034-00010818-00011076 their research showed that propyne would
EBn74S8Hoic-00035-00011077-00011285 be highly advantageous as a rocket fuel
EBn74S8Hoic-00036-00011286-00011502 for craft intended for low Earth orbit
EBn74S8Hoic-00037-00011503-00011745 Ilan's they reached this conclusion
EBn74S8Hoic-00038-00011746-00012021 based upon a specific impulse expected
EBn74S8Hoic-00039-00012022-00012273 to reach 370 s with oxygen as the
EBn74S8Hoic-00040-00012274-00012495 oxidizer a high density and power
EBn74S8Hoic-00041-00012496-00012741 density and the moderate boiling point
EBn74S8Hoic-00042-00012742-00012938 which makes the chemical easier to store
EBn74S8Hoic-00043-00012939-00013085 than fuels that must be kept at
EBn74S8Hoic-00044-00013086-00013844 extremely low temperatures C cryogenics
EBn74S8Hoic-00045-00013845-00014419 topic organic chemistry
EBn74S8Hoic-00046-00014420-00014672 propyne is a convenient 3-carbon
EBn74S8Hoic-00047-00014672-00014869 building block for organic synthesis
EBn74S8Hoic-00048-00014870-00015130 deprotonation with n butyl lithium gives
EBn74S8Hoic-00049-00015131-00015328 pro Pinal lithium this nucleophilic
EBn74S8Hoic-00050-00015329-00015530 reagent adds to carbonyl groups
EBn74S8Hoic-00051-00015531-00015836 producing alcohols and esters whereas
EBn74S8Hoic-00052-00015837-00016094 purified propyne is expensive map gas
EBn74S8Hoic-00053-00016094-00016286 could be used to cheaply generate large
EBn74S8Hoic-00054-00016287-00016502 amounts of the reagent propyne along
EBn74S8Hoic-00055-00016503-00016717 with 2-butene is also used to synthesize
EBn74S8Hoic-00056-00016718-00016952 alkylated hydroquinone xin the total
EBn74S8Hoic-00057-00016953-00017144 synthesis of vitamin e the chemical
EBn74S8Hoic-00058-00017145-00017347 shift of an alkyl proton and proper
EBn74S8Hoic-00059-00017348-00017545 Gillick proton generally occur in the
EBn74S8Hoic-00060-00017546-00017821 same region of the 1h NMR spectrum in
EBn74S8Hoic-00061-00017822-00018092 propyne these two signals have almost
EBn74S8Hoic-00062-00018093-00018331 exactly the same chemical shifts leading
EBn74S8Hoic-00063-00018332-00018562 to overlap of the signals and the 1h NMR
EBn74S8Hoic-00064-00018563-00018811 spectrum of propyne when recorded in
EBn74S8Hoic-00065-00018812-00019036 duty react laura form on a 300 megahertz
EBn74S8Hoic-00066-00019037-00019294 instrument consists of a single signal a
EBn74S8Hoic-00067-00019295-00019744 sharp singlet resonating at 1.8 ppm
EBn74S8Hoic-00068-00019745-00020089 equals equals notes
EDDYsZJBHSy-00000-00000050-00000240 [Music]
EDDYsZJBHSy-00001-00000241-00000503 there is a place in the south of Brazil
EDDYsZJBHSy-00002-00000504-00000755 where history tradition and the past
EDDYsZJBHSy-00003-00000756-00000994 have always been a source of great pride
EDDYsZJBHSy-00004-00000996-00001145 for its people
EDDYsZJBHSy-00005-00001146-00001435 Rio Grande du Sol
EDDYsZJBHSy-00006-00001436-00001805 today the present and above all the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00007-00001805-00002081 future are also reasons not only for
EDDYsZJBHSy-00008-00002082-00002357 Pride but for excitement and optimism
EDDYsZJBHSy-00009-00002358-00002531 for everyone
EDDYsZJBHSy-00010-00002532-00002833 starting with the inspiring people
EDDYsZJBHSy-00011-00002834-00003142 11.5 million people with Multicultural
EDDYsZJBHSy-00012-00003143-00003449 backgrounds and multiple talents
EDDYsZJBHSy-00013-00003450-00003647 to help to build the richest and most
EDDYsZJBHSy-00014-00003647-00004001 diverse human capital in Brazil day by
EDDYsZJBHSy-00015-00004002-00004086 day
EDDYsZJBHSy-00016-00004087-00004354 all these people are represented by a
EDDYsZJBHSy-00017-00004355-00004588 government in constant dialogue with
EDDYsZJBHSy-00018-00004589-00004819 society and the Legislative Assembly
EDDYsZJBHSy-00019-00004820-00005075 committed to transparency and the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00020-00005076-00005506 execution of efficient public policies
EDDYsZJBHSy-00021-00005507-00005777 and the last four years reforms have
EDDYsZJBHSy-00022-00005778-00005981 been implemented to restore the fiscal
EDDYsZJBHSy-00023-00005982-00006215 balance of the state enabling the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00024-00006216-00006365 creation of a favorable business
EDDYsZJBHSy-00025-00006366-00006628 environment and the resumption of large
EDDYsZJBHSy-00026-00006629-00006946 Investments
EDDYsZJBHSy-00027-00006947-00007223 Rio Grande de Sol won third place among
EDDYsZJBHSy-00028-00007223-00007403 Brazilian States in competitiveness
EDDYsZJBHSy-00029-00007404-00007625 ranking by the Center for Public
EDDYsZJBHSy-00030-00007626-00007846 leadership for efficiency in public
EDDYsZJBHSy-00031-00007847-00008123 administration
EDDYsZJBHSy-00032-00008123-00008369 and there are also important state
EDDYsZJBHSy-00033-00008370-00008495 incentives
EDDYsZJBHSy-00034-00008496-00008710 with programs that allow companies to
EDDYsZJBHSy-00035-00008711-00008927 finance and deduct taxes from the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00036-00008928-00009178 installation or expansion of industrial
EDDYsZJBHSy-00037-00009179-00009527 plants
EDDYsZJBHSy-00038-00009528-00009791 with all these government actions the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00039-00009792-00009946 perspective for growth and development
EDDYsZJBHSy-00040-00009947-00010181 in the state already the fifth largest
EDDYsZJBHSy-00041-00010182-00010609 economy in Brazil is increasing with U.S
EDDYsZJBHSy-00042-00010610-00010889 118.9 billion dollars in Gross State
EDDYsZJBHSy-00043-00010890-00011083 product
EDDYsZJBHSy-00044-00011084-00011399 and do you know why because above all
EDDYsZJBHSy-00045-00011400-00011645 Rio Grande du sole has an Innovative
EDDYsZJBHSy-00046-00011646-00011896 profile one that looks into the future
EDDYsZJBHSy-00047-00011897-00012142 and sees new possibilities and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00048-00012143-00012388 opportunities for development moreover
EDDYsZJBHSy-00049-00012389-00012641 it is the first state in Brazil and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00050-00012642-00012941 Innovation today it has 15 technology
EDDYsZJBHSy-00051-00012941-00013169 Parks including the best two in Brazil
EDDYsZJBHSy-00052-00013169-00013516 and 27 technology hubs bringing
EDDYsZJBHSy-00053-00013518-00013738 Innovation to various economic sectors
EDDYsZJBHSy-00054-00013740-00013979 such as industry health information
EDDYsZJBHSy-00055-00013980-00014369 technology and agriculture in 2022 alone
EDDYsZJBHSy-00056-00014369-00014572 the growth in the number of startups in
EDDYsZJBHSy-00057-00014573-00014801 Rio Grande du Sol was more than 70
EDDYsZJBHSy-00058-00014802-00015071 percent in the agricultural sector 80
EDDYsZJBHSy-00059-00015072-00015322 agritech startups have been improving
EDDYsZJBHSy-00060-00015323-00015533 the entire agribusiness production chain
EDDYsZJBHSy-00061-00015534-00015821 through Innovation and modernization of
EDDYsZJBHSy-00062-00015822-00016085 processes all of this Innovation is due
EDDYsZJBHSy-00063-00016086-00016307 and large extent to the academic
EDDYsZJBHSy-00064-00016308-00016511 achievements of the state which has
EDDYsZJBHSy-00065-00016512-00016721 public and private universities that are
EDDYsZJBHSy-00066-00016722-00016913 among the top five in the country the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00067-00016914-00017111 federal University of Rio Grande du Sol
EDDYsZJBHSy-00068-00017112-00017344 is the third best in Brazil and first
EDDYsZJBHSy-00069-00017345-00017603 among Federal universities
EDDYsZJBHSy-00070-00017604-00017836 in addition we have several community
EDDYsZJBHSy-00071-00017837-00018155 colleges including the third and fourth
EDDYsZJBHSy-00072-00018156-00018425 best private institutions in Brazil and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00073-00018426-00018635 technical schools spread across several
EDDYsZJBHSy-00074-00018636-00019147 cities and there are also 592 museums
EDDYsZJBHSy-00075-00019148-00019421 534 public libraries
EDDYsZJBHSy-00076-00019422-00019630 and an intense cultural life with
EDDYsZJBHSy-00077-00019631-00019757 diverse art
EDDYsZJBHSy-00078-00019758-00020050 Leisure and Gastronomy options and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00079-00020051-00020243 tourist attractions which attract people
EDDYsZJBHSy-00080-00020244-00020507 from all over the country and the world
EDDYsZJBHSy-00081-00020508-00020735 all of these factors reflect the quality
EDDYsZJBHSy-00082-00020736-00020986 of life of its inhabitants it stands out
EDDYsZJBHSy-00083-00020987-00021155 for the high level of human development
EDDYsZJBHSy-00084-00021156-00021377 above the national average
EDDYsZJBHSy-00085-00021378-00021630 Rio Grande de soul is very well located
EDDYsZJBHSy-00086-00021631-00021929 in a central and strategic position in
EDDYsZJBHSy-00087-00021930-00022157 Merkel Sewell with access to the largest
EDDYsZJBHSy-00088-00022158-00022457 consumer markets of South America it has
EDDYsZJBHSy-00089-00022458-00022672 a 153.9
EDDYsZJBHSy-00090-00022673-00022883 000 kilometers of Roads
EDDYsZJBHSy-00091-00022884-00023105 third busiest airport in the country and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00092-00023106-00023436 number of international passengers
EDDYsZJBHSy-00093-00023437-00023753 754 kilometers of navigable waterways
EDDYsZJBHSy-00094-00023754-00023969 and the second most important Brazilian
EDDYsZJBHSy-00095-00023970-00024214 port with Maritime routes connected to
EDDYsZJBHSy-00096-00024215-00024521 more than 90 countries
EDDYsZJBHSy-00097-00024522-00024707 it's a foot and mouth disease-free Zone
EDDYsZJBHSy-00098-00024708-00024917 without vaccination which demonstrates
EDDYsZJBHSy-00099-00024918-00025085 the quality of the animal protein
EDDYsZJBHSy-00100-00025086-00025277 produced and the strength of the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00101-00025278-00025463 livestock industry it is a national
EDDYsZJBHSy-00102-00025464-00025625 leader in the agricultural sector
EDDYsZJBHSy-00103-00025626-00025834 ranking first in production and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00104-00025835-00026117 exportation of rice tobacco and wheat
EDDYsZJBHSy-00105-00026118-00026327 and second place in the production and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00106-00026327-00026668 exportation of soybeans poultry beef and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00107-00026669-00026896 pork with the fourth largest industrial
EDDYsZJBHSy-00108-00026897-00027124 park in the country
EDDYsZJBHSy-00109-00027125-00027305 it is a national leader in the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00110-00027306-00027557 production of biodiesel agricultural
EDDYsZJBHSy-00111-00027558-00027761 machinery and equipment leather and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00112-00027762-00028139 Footwear furniture and tobacco products
EDDYsZJBHSy-00113-00028139-00028396 this very high production capacity is
EDDYsZJBHSy-00114-00028397-00028564 supplied by one of the cleanest energy
EDDYsZJBHSy-00115-00028566-00028733 mixes in the world
EDDYsZJBHSy-00116-00028733-00028949 with around 80 percent of the sources
EDDYsZJBHSy-00117-00028950-00029231 being renewable
EDDYsZJBHSy-00118-00029232-00029470 one of its priorities is the development
EDDYsZJBHSy-00119-00029472-00029746 of a green hydrogen chain
EDDYsZJBHSy-00120-00029747-00029987 Rio Grande soil combines several
EDDYsZJBHSy-00121-00029988-00030162 advantages for the growth of this Market
EDDYsZJBHSy-00122-00030163-00030437 such as its high capacity for wind and
EDDYsZJBHSy-00123-00030438-00030677 solar generation and its Logistics
EDDYsZJBHSy-00124-00030677-00030868 infrastructure
EDDYsZJBHSy-00125-00030869-00031181 by 2040 this new fuel could provide the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00126-00031182-00031349 state with an increase of approximately
EDDYsZJBHSy-00127-00031350-00031858 USD 12.4 billion in GDP and 41 000 new
EDDYsZJBHSy-00128-00031860-00032058 jobs
EDDYsZJBHSy-00129-00032060-00032357 to further promote economic growth the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00130-00032358-00032561 government has a portfolio of investment
EDDYsZJBHSy-00131-00032562-00032771 projects in partnership with private
EDDYsZJBHSy-00132-00032772-00032957 Enterprises that are part of this
EDDYsZJBHSy-00133-00032958-00033251 initiative There are 16 projects
EDDYsZJBHSy-00134-00033252-00033485 special interest are two groups of
EDDYsZJBHSy-00135-00033486-00033749 strategic roads two Regional airports
EDDYsZJBHSy-00136-00033750-00033940 and one Innovative proposal to
EDDYsZJBHSy-00137-00033941-00034229 revitalize Mawa Wharf in the central
EDDYsZJBHSy-00138-00034230-00034445 region of Puerto alegri
EDDYsZJBHSy-00139-00034446-00034739 for all of this and much more Rio Grande
EDDYsZJBHSy-00140-00034740-00034967 du sole is the perfect place for those
EDDYsZJBHSy-00141-00034968-00035195 who want to invest and grow it is a
EDDYsZJBHSy-00142-00035196-00035357 state that looks forward to the future
EDDYsZJBHSy-00143-00035358-00035681 at is building every day a United Future
EDDYsZJBHSy-00144-00035682-00035929 For All
EDDYsZJBHSy-00145-00035930-00036281 Rio Grande desul state government the
EDDYsZJBHSy-00146-00036282-00036619 future unites us
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00001-00004352-00005610 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00002-00005611-00006975 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00003-00006976-00007309 hello and welcome to the final episode
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00004-00007309-00007659 of scrum mastery challenge and just as a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00005-00007661-00007912 quick check no swimming pools around me
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00006-00007913-00008181 this time to fall into the bad news is
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00007-00008183-00008488 this is the final episode but the good
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00008-00008489-00008685 news is that we're going to find out who
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00009-00008686-00008889 our 2018 scrum mastery challenge
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00010-00008890-00009451 champion is
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00011-00009452-00009628 over the last couple of months we've
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00012-00009629-00009949 seen Paul Sam Christina Helen and Freya
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00013-00009950-00010203 engage in numerous challenges in the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00014-00010204-00010417 name of entertainment and agile
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00015-00010418-00010713 education we've seen them build towers
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00016-00010714-00010977 of food memorize information about
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00017-00010978-00011260 people buy things take photographs of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00018-00011261-00011521 things paint pictures of things and with
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00019-00011522-00011727 one challenge left remaining let's see
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00020-00011728-00011889 what we've got in store for them this
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00021-00011890-00012494 time
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00022-00012495-00013441 this is very exciting don't get a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00023-00013443-00013676 biscuit of your choice for as long as
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00024-00013677-00013985 possible you feel to hold the biscuit
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00025-00013986-00014201 for at least 5 seconds off dunking now
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00026-00014202-00014411 I'm just breaking you ain't test as many
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00027-00014412-00014713 times as you like but you will not get
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00028-00014715-00015493 anything
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00029-00015494-00015731 so what's dunking biscuits in cups of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00030-00015732-00015956 tea got to do with a junk well to be
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00031-00015957-00016094 honest when I set the challenge I had
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00032-00016094-00016361 absolutely no idea as things stand after
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00033-00016362-00016604 seven episodes only Sam Christina and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00034-00016605-00016747 Freya are still in with a chance of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00035-00016748-00016969 winning but nobody knew this when this
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00036-00016970-00017168 episode's challenge took place so let's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00037-00017169-00017396 see how they got on first up we're gonna
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00038-00017397-00018011 see Helen Christina and Paul hmm which
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00039-00018012-00018257 one do I go for a suggestive is a rich
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00040-00018258-00018815 tease so quite quickly so I probably
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00041-00018816-00019306 won't use those hmm let's test something
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00042-00019307-00019886 out quickly bus
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00043-00019887-00021411 know that slot that was my test run
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00044-00021412-00021650 it's already - ginger that's what I once
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00045-00021651-00021816 right yeah
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00046-00021817-00022743 Ready Steady Go that was a seven second
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00047-00022744-00023751 dunk
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00048-00023752-00024730 [Laughter]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00049-00024731-00025039 all right this one hold for five seconds
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00050-00025040-00025367 I'm the I reckon that these ones these
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00051-00025368-00026639 are going to be the most stable party
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00052-00026639-00026960 part in the quite hard I don't like to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00053-00026961-00028787 party rings ready let's drop I'm gonna
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00054-00028788-00029177 go for any completely Savage for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00055-00029177-00029527 basically approach so that is two jammie
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00056-00029529-00029960 Dodgers and two cookies
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00057-00029961-00031154 I could've gone longer than 14 and a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00058-00031155-00031514 half seconds that's super strong that's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00059-00031514-00031733 like that's not even moving up what no
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00060-00031733-00032821 ass okay
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00061-00032822-00033149 battle that was all right see you great
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00062-00033150-00033539 the whole set is in advance custard
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00063-00033540-00034905 cream see maybe my original assumption
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00064-00034906-00035036 was wrong
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00065-00035037-00035227 let's try the rich cane no one likes the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00066-00035228-00036115 rich to make sure one two three four
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00067-00036116-00037495 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00068-00037496-00037676 so jammie Dodgers in the curtain the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00069-00037677-00037835 cookies is the best so far
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00070-00037836-00037987 and again Bourbons I'm not going to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00071-00037988-00038132 count on balban's and digestives are
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00072-00038133-00038290 left what I'll do it my last over 30
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00073-00038291-00038618 seconds I'll do a quick one a long time
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00074-00038619-00038758 rich teen and this one going to double
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00075-00038759-00039642 2.2 digestives three two one go
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00076-00039643-00040573 a lot work today called our justice
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00077-00040574-00040790 lately
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00078-00040791-00041298 it was like Steve is that my best spot I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00079-00041299-00041417 think jammie Dodgers could have gone
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00080-00041418-00042002 longer cellphone I don't know again how
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00081-00042003-00042098 much time have we got
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00082-00042099-00043298 Oh blimey we got two minutes sorry one
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00083-00043299-00043613 second
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00084-00043614-00044067 what don't eaten these okay this biscuit
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00085-00044068-00044541 is proving to be the best one says does
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00086-00044542-00044799 the whole thing have to go in so it can
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00087-00044800-00044897 be just the smallest amount
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00088-00044898-00045933 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00089-00045934-00046362 I reckon I go about 15 that's 19 isn't
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00090-00046363-00046680 it what's that 19 okay I made some
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00091-00046681-00046977 judgments and I just prove myself wrong
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00092-00046978-00047127 really didn't like because I thought the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00093-00047128-00047316 ice cream would be no good but that was
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00094-00047317-00047511 like the second best and I really
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00095-00047512-00047808 slacked off rich tea biscuits actually
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00096-00047809-00048108 thank you bet the winning biscuit so it
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00097-00048109-00048333 just proves that actually sometimes your
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00098-00048334-00048624 first cutting sticks are long the first
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00099-00048625-00048768 thing I noticed when I watch these three
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00100-00048769-00049273 people was a lot of failure
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00101-00049274-00049551 but it's a good thing they failed in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00102-00049552-00049796 order to succeed they found out what
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00103-00049797-00050036 worked very quickly by just dunking and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00104-00050037-00050273 then they used that information to go on
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00105-00050274-00050492 to the next thing the other thing I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00106-00050493-00050690 noticed was Helen especially found out
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00107-00050691-00050864 that her initial assumptions tended to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00108-00050865-00051133 be incorrect and I really slack off
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00109-00051134-00051729 biscuit biscuit she had her mind made up
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00110-00051729-00051893 about what biscuits gonna be good for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00111-00051894-00052058 dunking and which big biscuits were
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00112-00052059-00052260 gonna be bad for them by the end of it
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00113-00052261-00052517 she completely changed her mind based on
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00114-00052519-00052809 actually doing something and Paul got
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00115-00052810-00052998 quite impressively creative by dunking
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00116-00052999-00053223 combinations of biscuits never saw that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00117-00053224-00053312 one coming
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00118-00053313-00053523 why did he do that well it's like it's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00119-00053524-00053774 like being in a planning session and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00120-00053775-00054179 having two different opinions about the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00121-00054180-00054600 solution and maybe suggesting as a as a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00122-00054601-00054765 team is there any way that we can
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00123-00054766-00054897 combine those two do those two things
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00124-00054898-00055137 together in parallel or is there an
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00125-00055138-00055290 element of both of those where we could
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00126-00055291-00055416 combine to come up with a better plan
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00127-00055416-00055650 than we know it off so that kind of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00128-00055651-00055981 bespoke collaborative effort yeah
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00129-00055982-00056300 interesting analogy there and they ended
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00130-00056301-00056499 up all with very similar scores Paul
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00131-00056500-00056804 lasting 16 seconds Cristina 19 and Helen
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00132-00056805-00058381 21
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00133-00058382-00059653 Austin clowns 8/7
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00134-00059654-00059998 you win again you got five seconds
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00135-00059999-00061494 that's a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00136-00061495-00062399 to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00137-00062400-00062621 Oh
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00138-00062622-00062834 night bomb
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00140-00066383-00066611 who you started do you think 30 seconds
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00141-00066612-00066860 was possible know if it was gonna go for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00142-00066861-00067148 like six and everybody drop off from
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00143-00067149-00067405 what I understand below where does it go
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00144-00067406-00068068 so how did you I did it with Richie I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00145-00068069-00068401 put in the very very very edge and then
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00146-00068402-00068826 without win it's saying TOS panic round
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00147-00068827-00069312 did you break the rules I think so I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00148-00069313-00069710 wondered if I could bend the rules so I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00149-00069711-00069953 would say that one dunk is putting it in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00150-00069954-00070186 without taking it out but the same bit
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00151-00070187-00070496 doesn't have to stay in as long as some
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00152-00070497-00071019 part of it what was your strategy not to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00153-00071020-00071299 like most things just to do something
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00154-00071300-00071569 and see what happens and then and then
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00155-00071570-00071771 calculate my next step based on what
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00156-00071772-00072112 happened one of the mistakes that you've
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00157-00072113-00072238 got to know what you're doing before you
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00158-00072239-00072404 do something where it's actually the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00159-00072405-00072566 real learning only comes once you've
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00160-00072567-00072791 done something there's no point fighting
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00161-00072792-00073138 the universe or an inevitable truth that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00162-00073139-00073432 biscuits absorb tea so really it was
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00163-00073433-00073748 about minimizing the amount of tea it
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00164-00073749-00073975 could absorb step one of that was
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00165-00073976-00074240 submerging less of the biscuit and then
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00166-00074241-00074656 step two was submerging the nest of the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00167-00074657-00074818 biscuit and also for less lot
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00168-00074819-00074966 whilst keeping some of the biscuit
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00169-00074967-00075335 submerged and I think my mistake was
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00170-00075336-00075655 using the ice biscuit first so what why
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00171-00075656-00076517 did you use it first go excited guys a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00172-00076518-00076693 chance these other biscuits a lose
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00173-00076694-00076910 business that's why he's the first that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00174-00076911-00077125 was pretty much word-for-word more for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00175-00077126-00077384 me what should have done is use one of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00176-00077385-00077656 the worst biscuit rich tea that bad boy
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00177-00077657-00077980 is not gonna last five seconds in or out
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00178-00077981-00078262 with the coffee right both frying sound
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00179-00078263-00078371 effects
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00180-00078372-00078656 the definition of done by challenging me
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00181-00078657-00078880 on what the term dunk actually meant
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00182-00078881-00079181 they both found creative ways of solving
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00183-00079182-00079406 the problem and tackling the challenge
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00184-00079407-00079622 which is akin to a really good agile
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00185-00079623-00079874 team delivering the goal rather than
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00186-00079875-00080042 just asking for a specific requirement
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00187-00080043-00080288 and following into the letter the only
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00188-00080289-00080411 difference between the two was how
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00189-00080412-00080618 quickly Sam came up with the idea that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00190-00080619-00080819 gave him more time to iterate and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00191-00080820-00081133 enhance that solution compared to Freya
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00192-00081134-00081356 so is there anything relevant to being
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00193-00081357-00081703 agile in dunking biscuits in cups of tea
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00194-00081704-00081974 the first thing I think is to just get
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00195-00081975-00082139 on with it the people that did the best
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00196-00082140-00082316 in this challenge were the ones who went
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00197-00082317-00082508 for it straightaway they started dunking
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00198-00082509-00082685 and started finding out what was going
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00199-00082686-00082850 on it was gonna work and what wasn't
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00200-00082851-00083042 going to work as quickly as possible
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00201-00083043-00083249 there's a lot of unknowns and when there
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00202-00083250-00083390 are a lot of unknowns the best thing to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00203-00083391-00083642 do is just to try something and then use
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00204-00083643-00083795 that information to make your next
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00205-00083796-00084053 decision better very akin to O's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00206-00084054-00084266 operating in an uncertain environment
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00207-00084267-00084437 where agile is the best way of finding
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00208-00084438-00084608 exact
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00209-00084609-00084830 the second thing is around challenging
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00210-00084831-00085076 our assumptions it's very easy to be
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00211-00085077-00085310 blind to the things we think we know all
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00212-00085311-00085508 the things we think we don't know in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00213-00085509-00085682 this situation all of our contestants
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00214-00085683-00085871 ended up challenging something about
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00215-00085872-00086090 what they believe whether that was about
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00216-00086091-00086252 the dunking quality of a rich tea
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00217-00086253-00086540 biscuit or the combination of biscuits
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00218-00086541-00086941 or what the term dunk actually meant
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00219-00086942-00087143 agile requires us to challenge our
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00220-00087144-00087323 assumptions most notably about what we
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00221-00087324-00087563 consider to be normal
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00222-00087564-00087818 and quite often a lot of the aspects of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00223-00087819-00087942 our job delivery can seem
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00224-00087943-00088376 counterintuitive so we have to trust
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00225-00088377-00088554 ourselves trust the process and give
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00226-00088555-00088751 things a go it's easier for us to do
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00227-00088752-00088919 this when we're operating in short time
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00228-00088920-00089150 boxes because it's a lot less risky to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00229-00089151-00089342 experiment and find things out when the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00230-00089343-00089504 risk is only a short amount of time
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00231-00089505-00089715 being wasted another thing that makes it
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00232-00089716-00089831 a little bit easier for us to challenge
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00233-00089832-00090005 our assumptions is by working in a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00234-00090006-00090194 cross-functional team because we haven't
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00235-00090195-00090362 just got our own ideas to listen to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00236-00090363-00090518 we've got a diverse range of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00237-00090519-00090798 perspectives and the third analogy I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00238-00090799-00090948 think we found here is around being
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00239-00090949-00091181 courageous natural requires us to be
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00240-00091182-00091349 brave we're going to change the way that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00241-00091350-00091592 we do things personally individually as
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00242-00091593-00091799 a team and as an organization I'm gonna
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00243-00091800-00091973 be changing cultures we're going to be
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00244-00091974-00092097 making decisions with incomplete
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00245-00092098-00092259 information we're gonna be running in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00246-00092260-00092498 sperimentale I get things wrong we're
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00247-00092499-00092666 gonna be delivering something without
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00248-00092667-00092831 all the information necessary and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00249-00092832-00093029 getting feedback on that iterating
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00250-00093030-00093234 letting go of our ideas and changing our
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00251-00093235-00093494 mind as we get new information and in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00252-00093495-00093701 this challenge we required courage in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00253-00093702-00093923 terms of leaving the biscuit in the tea
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00254-00093924-00094203 for as long as possible and using our
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00255-00094204-00094562 fast gas resources so here's a reminder
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00256-00094563-00094831 of the standings before this challenge
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00257-00094832-00095034 and with the points from this challenge
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00258-00095035-00095251 taken into account we have a winner
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00259-00095252-00095543 Helen and Paul ended up on 19 points and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00260-00095544-00095891 joined forth despite phrasing innovative
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00261-00095892-00096084 approach here it wasn't quite enough to
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00262-00096085-00096261 bring her the title but she does get a
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00263-00096262-00096416 podium finish
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00264-00096417-00096566 Christina's fought a good fight
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00265-00096567-00096731 throughout the whole series and must
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00266-00096732-00096926 feel a little unlucky to be pip right at
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00267-00096927-00097148 the end the second place is certainly no
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00268-00097149-00097451 disgrace which means our winner and the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00269-00097452-00097781 scrum mastery champion of 2018 is Sam
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00270-00097782-00099103 the firestarter why take
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00271-00099104-00099479 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00272-00099480-00100691 is it time understood
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00273-00100692-00100899 Sam's done brilliantly throughout this
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00274-00100900-00101047 series he's probably been our most
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00275-00101048-00101262 creative and innovative out-of-the-box
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00276-00101263-00101434 thinker and has approached each
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00277-00101435-00101619 challenge with enthusiasm in a sense of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00278-00101620-00101667 humor
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00279-00101668-00101973 a well deserved winner I think how does
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00280-00101974-00102216 he feel about being the first scrum
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00281-00102217-00102600 mastery challenge champion one that's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00282-00102601-00102871 awesome to be honest when you asked I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00283-00102872-00103131 was just happy to compete and then when
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00284-00103132-00103396 I saw the pedigree of the other people
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00285-00103397-00103557 involved their creativity their
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00286-00103558-00103747 experience in fact just the sheer
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00287-00103748-00104066 intelligence of all the people involved
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00288-00104067-00104388 immediately I was like yeah easy which
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00289-00104389-00104835 turned out to the case I didn't even go
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00290-00104836-00105237 full out to be honest with you seriously
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00291-00105238-00105447 though when I saw it I thought actually
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00292-00105448-00105646 considering the crowd I don't think
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00293-00105647-00106083 fifth place is a babbler bad thing based
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00294-00106084-00106350 on who else is competing turned out that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00295-00106351-00106488 came first which is a little bit
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00296-00106489-00106700 remarkable
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00297-00106701-00107016 probably gonna add to the perception
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00298-00107017-00107210 that I know I'm doing that's really
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00299-00107211-00107544 useful and obviously the checks in the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00300-00107545-00108204 post right yeah it's not the posters
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00301-00108205-00108905 yeah we just gonna deliver the check
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00302-00108906-00109893 bank transfer hmm anyway winning this it
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00303-00109894-00110121 was you know that was the important
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00304-00110122-00110466 thing I mentioned courage earlier on I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00305-00110467-00110676 think we need to just take a quick look
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00306-00110677-00110909 at the actual series as a whole all of
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00307-00110910-00111099 our contestants threw themselves into
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00308-00111100-00111236 this without knowing what they were
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00309-00111238-00111423 getting themselves into that required
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00310-00111424-00111635 courage and I really appreciate them
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00311-00111636-00111852 getting involved hopefully you've taken
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00312-00111853-00112074 something useful from this series that
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00313-00112075-00112221 you could use with your team or your
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00314-00112222-00112436 organization or personally but if
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00315-00112438-00112617 nothing else I hope you're inspired by
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00316-00112618-00112872 there give it a go attitude what can you
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00317-00112873-00113385 take away from this and use tomorrow
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00318-00113386-00113590 we're nearly done and the credits are
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00319-00113591-00113784 about to roll it's all that's left for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00320-00113785-00114007 me to do is to thank our contestants and
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00321-00114008-00114261 our judges and you for watching and one
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00322-00114263-00114517 final request the use of take part in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00323-00114518-00114786 our charity causes like my mushroom
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00324-00114788-00115042 eating video and buy a raffle ticket for
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00325-00115043-00115225 the artworks that we created an episode
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00326-00115226-00115780 one all proceeds going to charity if you
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00327-00115781-00115993 like videos then check out my series of
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EEDI-DMdgJ4-00331-00116633-00117203 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00332-00117204-00117681 and now we really are done done roll the
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00333-00117682-00117833 credits
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00334-00117834-00119376 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00335-00119377-00120259 [Music]
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00336-00120260-00120575 now about to eat away he gains it but I
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00337-00120576-00120788 can't collect it in a team it's gone too
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00338-00120789-00121185 much
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00339-00121186-00121401 and if you remember the state of play
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00340-00121402-00121618 right now after seven episodes of its
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00341-00121619-00121873 Sam Christina and Freya are still in
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00342-00121874-00123132 with the chance of being this week's
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00343-00123133-00123373 eventually Helen challenged her initial
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00344-00123374-00124474 assumptions about wish
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00345-00124475-00124735 so what are the analogies between
EEDI-DMdgJ4-00346-00124736-00125870 dunking tea eventually Helen Helen Helen
EEHGAYwLSUM-00000-00000000-00000111 [Applause]
EEHGAYwLSUM-00001-00000112-00000329 thank you and before I turn to the first
EEHGAYwLSUM-00002-00000330-00000593 question can I just advise members that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00003-00000594-00000850 I've had the opportunity to ask all the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00004-00000851-00001010 party leaders or to be in touch with all
EEHGAYwLSUM-00005-00001011-00001262 the party leaders to ask for shorter
EEHGAYwLSUM-00006-00001263-00001705 questions and answers this week that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00007-00001707-00001946 will give more space for backbenchers to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00008-00001947-00002147 make contributions I hope it will also
EEHGAYwLSUM-00009-00002148-00002447 make for snap here and more effective
EEHGAYwLSUM-00010-00002448-00002705 contributions and I live in hope that my
EEHGAYwLSUM-00011-00002706-00002990 exhortation is adhered to and on that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00012-00002991-00003581 note Jackson Karla
EEHGAYwLSUM-00013-00003582-00003840 well after that lengthy introduction
EEHGAYwLSUM-00014-00003840-00004410 presiding officer thousands of Scots
EEHGAYwLSUM-00015-00004411-00004629 everyday commute across Central Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-00016-00004630-00004881 into Edinburgh and Glasgow could the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00017-00004882-00005085 First Minister explained to them why a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00018-00005086-00005406 car park tax imposed on them by a local
EEHGAYwLSUM-00019-00005407-00005579 authority whose politicians they don't
EEHGAYwLSUM-00020-00005580-00005861 elect and in whose region they don't
EEHGAYwLSUM-00021-00005862-00006107 live is a good example of local
EEHGAYwLSUM-00022-00006108-00006404 decision-making First Minister
EEHGAYwLSUM-00023-00006405-00006738 this would be a discretionary power for
EEHGAYwLSUM-00024-00006739-00007049 councils a pair of the under a Tory
EEHGAYwLSUM-00025-00007050-00007316 government councils in England already
EEHGAYwLSUM-00026-00007317-00007677 have and the kind of localism that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00027-00007678-00007895 Tories have been demanding in this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00028-00007897-00008148 chamber for some time but I noted that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00029-00008148-00008388 Jackson Carol or launched a campaign in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00030-00008389-00008562 Edinburgh this morning and he's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00031-00008563-00008691 mentioned they interpret in his question
EEHGAYwLSUM-00032-00008692-00008774 which I thought was really interesting
EEHGAYwLSUM-00033-00008775-00009018 because you see just a few months ago
EEHGAYwLSUM-00034-00009019-00009249 there was a motion passed at the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00035-00009250-00009432 Transport Committee of Edinburgh City
EEHGAYwLSUM-00036-00009433-00009689 Council it said this to note the merits
EEHGAYwLSUM-00037-00009690-00009914 in principle of pursuing the power for
EEHGAYwLSUM-00038-00009915-00010170 Edinburgh to introduce a workplace
EEHGAYwLSUM-00039-00010171-00010527 parking levy it was tabled by councillor
EEHGAYwLSUM-00040-00010528-00011042 Nick cook conservative seconded by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00041-00011043-00011445 councillor Scott Douglas conservative
EEHGAYwLSUM-00042-00011446-00012010 and voted for by councillor Graham Bruce
EEHGAYwLSUM-00043-00012011-00012441 conservative which I think our law care
EEHGAYwLSUM-00044-00012442-00012633 to explain that how can I put this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00045-00012634-00013356 delicately inconsistency Carlow the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00046-00013357-00013541 first minister the first minister wants
EEHGAYwLSUM-00047-00013543-00013706 to talk about edinburgh city council
EEHGAYwLSUM-00048-00013707-00013919 Tory councillors noted the need for an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00049-00013920-00014181 economic assessment First Minister what
EEHGAYwLSUM-00050-00014182-00014372 the entire country is noted is that you
EEHGAYwLSUM-00051-00014373-00014619 want to impose a 500 pound car park tax
EEHGAYwLSUM-00052-00014619-00014966 on them with no assessment whatsoever
EEHGAYwLSUM-00053-00014968-00015413 so do I do I support a back of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00054-00015415-00015638 packet policy that threatens low workers
EEHGAYwLSUM-00055-00015640-00015914 with a regressive tax no I do not
EEHGAYwLSUM-00056-00015915-00016122 does the First Minister not understand
EEHGAYwLSUM-00057-00016122-00016256 what this means to ordinary people
EEHGAYwLSUM-00058-00016257-00016542 across Scotland this is the equivalent
EEHGAYwLSUM-00059-00016543-00016896 to many people's monthly rent so I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00060-00016897-00017103 assume from the First Minister's answer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00061-00017104-00017277 that she is now the cheerleader in chief
EEHGAYwLSUM-00062-00017278-00017492 for people being punished for going to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00063-00017493-00017955 work with no see far less our vote over
EEHGAYwLSUM-00064-00017956-00018230 that decision but the SMPS position on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00065-00018231-00018411 the car park tax is more confused than
EEHGAYwLSUM-00066-00018412-00018693 that on Wednesday a SNP Minister Keith
EEHGAYwLSUM-00067-00018694-00018999 Forbes said this a key prawns principle
EEHGAYwLSUM-00068-00019000-00019250 born of Adam Smith is that taxes should
EEHGAYwLSUM-00069-00019251-00019499 be proportionate to the ability to pee
EEHGAYwLSUM-00070-00019500-00019752 can the First Minister explain how this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00071-00019753-00020028 entirely admirable principle which has
EEHGAYwLSUM-00072-00020029-00020319 so rightly inspired Kate Forbes is even
EEHGAYwLSUM-00073-00020320-00020574 remotely made if a call center worker
EEHGAYwLSUM-00074-00020575-00020822 earning less than 20,000 pounds a year
EEHGAYwLSUM-00075-00020823-00021086 has to pay the same car park tax as a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00076-00021087-00021330 company director earning five times as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00077-00021331-00021867 much First Minister well the SNP
EEHGAYwLSUM-00078-00021868-00022133 government would not impose anything on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00079-00022134-00022390 anybody this is a discretionary power
EEHGAYwLSUM-00080-00022391-00022749 the council's they councils in England
EEHGAYwLSUM-00081-00022750-00023097 already have it would be a proposed levy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00082-00023098-00023311 the councils could propose their own
EEHGAYwLSUM-00083-00023312-00023618 employers not employees and this is what
EEHGAYwLSUM-00084-00023619-00023811 the Tories used to believe we believe
EEHGAYwLSUM-00085-00023812-00023969 that decisions should be taken as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00086-00023970-00024161 locally as possible and the powers
EEHGAYwLSUM-00087-00024162-00024375 should lie with politicians elected as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00088-00024376-00024567 locally as possible I'm not sure when
EEHGAYwLSUM-00089-00024568-00024855 they changed their minds on that but you
EEHGAYwLSUM-00090-00024856-00025053 know I've been wondering if there was a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00091-00025054-00025464 reason other than naked hypocrisy for
EEHGAYwLSUM-00092-00025465-00025796 the Tories position on this and I wonder
EEHGAYwLSUM-00093-00025797-00026024 if it might be something to do with this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00094-00026025-00026343 just at the end of last year the Tories
EEHGAYwLSUM-00095-00026344-00026718 on Angus Council introduced car parking
EEHGAYwLSUM-00096-00026719-00027071 charges at 33 public car parts in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00097-00027072-00027360 Carnoustie Arbroath for fur Kerry Muir
EEHGAYwLSUM-00098-00027361-00027645 Britain and Montrose on Easton Barton
EEHGAYwLSUM-00099-00027645-00027867 sure counsel at the Tories last year
EEHGAYwLSUM-00100-00027868-00028018 increased carpark
EEHGAYwLSUM-00101-00028019-00028225 oh geez and the scrapped free parking
EEHGAYwLSUM-00102-00028226-00028543 and in Argyll and Bute council the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00103-00028544-00028876 Tories imposed on car parts in our car
EEHGAYwLSUM-00104-00028877-00029364 and 800 percent increase in car parking
EEHGAYwLSUM-00105-00029366-00029656 so here we have a presiding officer the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00106-00029657-00029947 Tories don't want to give powers to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00107-00029948-00030181 councils because clearly the Tories
EEHGAYwLSUM-00108-00030182-00030983 don't trust Tory councils Jackson Carla
EEHGAYwLSUM-00109-00030985-00031345 so so it's the Henry McLeish defence it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00110-00031345-00031612 was me me it was a cone councillor Ward
EEHGAYwLSUM-00111-00031613-00032220 done but but you but you are responsible
EEHGAYwLSUM-00112-00032222-00032506 First Minister because you and the SNP
EEHGAYwLSUM-00113-00032507-00032581 MSPs
EEHGAYwLSUM-00114-00032582-00032752 are going to vote for it this afternoon
EEHGAYwLSUM-00115-00032752-00033052 and every single Scottish Conservative
EEHGAYwLSUM-00116-00033053-00033226 council group leader has now
EEHGAYwLSUM-00117-00033227-00033451 emphatically said they will not support
EEHGAYwLSUM-00118-00033452-00033724 a car park tax in their area and every
EEHGAYwLSUM-00119-00033725-00034003 single Scottish Conservative MSP will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00120-00034004-00034243 oppose the car park tax in their
EEHGAYwLSUM-00121-00034244-00034471 constituency or region but what about
EEHGAYwLSUM-00122-00034472-00034717 the First Minister she's a constituency
EEHGAYwLSUM-00123-00034718-00035119 MSP in Glasgow so what's her view if as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00124-00035120-00035457 a result of powers voted for by SNP MSPs
EEHGAYwLSUM-00125-00035458-00035749 the SNP leadership of Glasgow City
EEHGAYwLSUM-00126-00035750-00036022 Council proposed charging hundreds of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00127-00036023-00036238 pounds each year for workplace parking
EEHGAYwLSUM-00128-00036239-00036607 would she support them yes or no First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00129-00036608-00036949 Minister that is up to local councils to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00130-00036950-00037192 do the assessment and to make the case
EEHGAYwLSUM-00131-00037193-00037495 that presumably
EEHGAYwLSUM-00132-00037496-00037765 that presumably is what you mean by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00133-00037766-00038005 decisions taken as locally as possible
EEHGAYwLSUM-00134-00038006-00038352 and power lying with politicians elected
EEHGAYwLSUM-00135-00038353-00038718 as Welli as possible I just I just want
EEHGAYwLSUM-00136-00038719-00039014 to you know get to the heart
EEHGAYwLSUM-00137-00039015-00039227 let's get to the heart of the Tauri
EEHGAYwLSUM-00138-00039228-00039557 position here the Tauri position as I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00139-00039558-00040043 understand it as if there is if the SNP
EEHGAYwLSUM-00140-00040044-00040346 government devolve attacked two councils
EEHGAYwLSUM-00141-00040347-00040595 and councils too safe to use that power
EEHGAYwLSUM-00142-00040596-00040994 that becomes an SNP government tax so
EEHGAYwLSUM-00143-00040995-00041279 can I try some catalog is it the case
EEHGAYwLSUM-00144-00041280-00041464 that given that the Tory government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00145-00041465-00041771 devolved income tax powers to the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00146-00041772-00041954 Scottish government it's a Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00147-00041955-00042230 Government's use of those powers a Tory
EEHGAYwLSUM-00148-00042231-00042641 tax because that sounds ridiculous but
EEHGAYwLSUM-00149-00042642-00042929 that is the logic of the Tory position
EEHGAYwLSUM-00150-00042930-00043223 so this afternoon in the budget debate I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00151-00043224-00043460 look forward to all of us calling the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00152-00043461-00043676 income tax decisions of this Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00153-00043677-00044024 government a Tory tax that's the logic
EEHGAYwLSUM-00154-00044025-00044474 of Jackson Carroll or Jackson Carla so
EEHGAYwLSUM-00155-00044475-00044780 bluntly so bluntly it sounds as if the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00156-00044781-00044942 First Minister doesn't know if she's in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00157-00044943-00045204 favor of her own policy being imposed on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00158-00045205-00045542 her own constituents by her own SNP
EEHGAYwLSUM-00159-00045543-00045845 council presiding officer we will oppose
EEHGAYwLSUM-00160-00045846-00045983 the budget deal when it comes before
EEHGAYwLSUM-00161-00045984-00046094 Parliament this afternoon
EEHGAYwLSUM-00162-00046095-00046560 and frankly SNP members should too as it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00163-00046561-00046808 breaks their own manifesto promises on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00164-00046809-00047079 both the council tax and on the basic
EEHGAYwLSUM-00165-00047080-00047339 rate of income tax as we learned earlier
EEHGAYwLSUM-00166-00047340-00047588 this week it risks precious tax revenue
EEHGAYwLSUM-00167-00047589-00047789 which pays for our schools and hospitals
EEHGAYwLSUM-00168-00047790-00048014 being lost to Scotland as people take
EEHGAYwLSUM-00169-00048015-00048242 their money elsewhere and worst of all
EEHGAYwLSUM-00170-00048243-00048498 it's as a tax that says to people across
EEHGAYwLSUM-00171-00048499-00048650 this country trying to do the right
EEHGAYwLSUM-00172-00048651-00048848 thing trying to juggle school drop-offs
EEHGAYwLSUM-00173-00048849-00049052 with work trying to keep Scotland going
EEHGAYwLSUM-00174-00049053-00049254 and in many cases working unsociable
EEHGAYwLSUM-00175-00049255-00049473 hours when there is no public transport
EEHGAYwLSUM-00176-00049474-00049691 provision that they are to be punished
EEHGAYwLSUM-00177-00049692-00049967 all week we've seen SNP ministers
EEHGAYwLSUM-00178-00049968-00050156 desperately distanced themselves from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00179-00050157-00050435 the car park tax and now even the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00180-00050436-00050636 Minister won't say whether she backs it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00181-00050637-00050906 or not it's a simple question if they
EEHGAYwLSUM-00182-00050907-00051123 don't back it why should anybody why
EEHGAYwLSUM-00183-00051124-00051215 should we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00184-00051216-00051549 first minister i back councils having
EEHGAYwLSUM-00185-00051550-00051794 the power to decide because we don't
EEHGAYwLSUM-00186-00051795-00051999 just preach localism and empowering
EEHGAYwLSUM-00187-00052000-00052803 councils we practice that councils could
EEHGAYwLSUM-00188-00052804-00053063 use to help tackle pollution cut
EEHGAYwLSUM-00189-00053064-00053328 emissions and yes invest in public
EEHGAYwLSUM-00190-00053329-00053576 transport and i see again presiding
EEHGAYwLSUM-00191-00053577-00053916 officer exactly the Localism that Tories
EEHGAYwLSUM-00192-00053916-00054119 have been demanding and exactly the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00193-00054120-00054396 power that a UK Tory government allows
EEHGAYwLSUM-00194-00054397-00054650 councils in England to already have
EEHGAYwLSUM-00195-00054651-00054912 isn't it the case presenting officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00196-00054913-00055119 that I've got a wealth of evidence I've
EEHGAYwLSUM-00197-00055120-00055278 gone through some of it here today that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00198-00055279-00055521 the Tories do not oppose giving this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00199-00055522-00055769 power to councils in principle they only
EEHGAYwLSUM-00200-00055770-00056094 actually oppose it when is the SNP
EEHGAYwLSUM-00201-00056095-00056426 proposing it it is presiding officer to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00202-00056427-00056891 coin a phrase hypocrisy on Stokes and I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00203-00056892-00057123 hope that Jackson Carlo had more success
EEHGAYwLSUM-00204-00057124-00057341 when he used to sell secondhand cars
EEHGAYwLSUM-00205-00057342-00058123 then he'll have in peddling that Lane
EEHGAYwLSUM-00206-00058124-00059147 question number two Richard Leonard
EEHGAYwLSUM-00207-00059148-00059363 Richard Leonard's order please
EEHGAYwLSUM-00208-00059364-00059654 presenting yourself presiding officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00209-00059654-00059945 just yesterday school pupils across
EEHGAYwLSUM-00210-00059946-00060266 Argyll and Bute took to the streets to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00211-00060266-00060473 protest against cuts to local youth
EEHGAYwLSUM-00212-00060474-00060833 services they understand the impact that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00213-00060834-00061076 230 million pounds worth of cuts to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00214-00061077-00061328 Scotland's councils will mean does the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00215-00061329-00061705 First Minister First Minister well I saw
EEHGAYwLSUM-00216-00061707-00061982 last week we always applaud young people
EEHGAYwLSUM-00217-00061983-00062144 taking an interest and the decisions
EEHGAYwLSUM-00218-00062145-00062315 that affect their lives in that applies
EEHGAYwLSUM-00219-00062316-00062510 to young people and our Gailen view as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00220-00062511-00062708 it does to young people at campaigning
EEHGAYwLSUM-00221-00062709-00062936 for greater action on climate change but
EEHGAYwLSUM-00222-00062937-00063191 Rachel a nerd is just wrong when he
EEHGAYwLSUM-00223-00063191-00063479 talks about cuts to the local government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00224-00063479-00063785 budget this afternoon in the budget we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00225-00063786-00064064 will propose a budget that increases the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00226-00064065-00064433 resources that councils have to spend we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00227-00064434-00064658 will ensure that councils have more
EEHGAYwLSUM-00228-00064659-00064916 resources in revenue terms more
EEHGAYwLSUM-00229-00064916-00065150 resources in capital terms more
EEHGAYwLSUM-00230-00065151-00065423 resources overall and in addition to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00231-00065424-00065648 that we will give councils as we've just
EEHGAYwLSUM-00232-00065649-00065891 been debating more flexibility in the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00233-00065892-00066089 revenue that they raise I think that's a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00234-00066090-00066296 good thing and I think it's incumbent on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00235-00066297-00066473 Richard Leonard when he didn't bring
EEHGAYwLSUM-00236-00066474-00066755 forward a single proposal for any
EEHGAYwLSUM-00237-00066756-00067001 changes to the budget to say why he will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00238-00067002-00067166 vote against that this afternoon
EEHGAYwLSUM-00239-00067167-00067562 Richard Leonard the First Minister talks
EEHGAYwLSUM-00240-00067563-00067790 about more resources for Scotland's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00241-00067791-00068039 councils so let's examine what more
EEHGAYwLSUM-00242-00068040-00068294 resources for Scotland's councils looks
EEHGAYwLSUM-00243-00068295-00068410 like on the ground
EEHGAYwLSUM-00244-00068411-00068861 later today SNP Ron Dundee Council will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00245-00068862-00069071 propose a budget which will cut
EEHGAYwLSUM-00246-00069072-00069377 children's education in the city that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00247-00069378-00069656 will mean cutting education resource
EEHGAYwLSUM-00248-00069657-00069958 workers cutting pupil support workers
EEHGAYwLSUM-00249-00069959-00070193 cutting primary and early years
EEHGAYwLSUM-00250-00070194-00070505 assistance even cutting 26 teaching
EEHGAYwLSUM-00251-00070506-00070741 posts from the city's primary schools
EEHGAYwLSUM-00252-00070742-00071102 all of this at a time when school roles
EEHGAYwLSUM-00253-00071103-00071450 in the city are rising so can the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00254-00071451-00071810 Minister explain why she stands up in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00255-00071811-00072032 this chamber claiming their education is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00256-00072033-00072347 her top priority and then sets a budget
EEHGAYwLSUM-00257-00072348-00072424 the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00258-00072425-00072751 out in the real world means cuts cuts to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00259-00072752-00073324 teachers and cuts to education yet again
EEHGAYwLSUM-00260-00073325-00073696 give Richard Leonard the facts the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00261-00073697-00073948 budget proposed the Parliament will vote
EEHGAYwLSUM-00262-00073949-00074212 on this afternoon increases local
EEHGAYwLSUM-00263-00074213-00074395 government day-to-day spending from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00264-00074396-00074581 local revenue services including
EEHGAYwLSUM-00265-00074582-00074860 education of two hundred and eighty
EEHGAYwLSUM-00266-00074861-00075106 seven and a half million pounds an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00267-00075107-00075406 increase in capital spending of two
EEHGAYwLSUM-00268-00075407-00075625 hundred and seven point six million
EEHGAYwLSUM-00269-00075626-00075907 pounds and greater flexibility to raise
EEHGAYwLSUM-00270-00075908-00076165 revenue those are the facts but I'll
EEHGAYwLSUM-00271-00076166-00076282 give Richard Leonard
EEHGAYwLSUM-00272-00076283-00076543 I'll give Richard Leonard order please
EEHGAYwLSUM-00273-00076544-00076759 the First Minister order please the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00274-00076760-00076912 final vote and the budget will take
EEHGAYwLSUM-00275-00076913-00077137 place at five o'clock today so he still
EEHGAYwLSUM-00276-00077138-00077326 got a few hours if he wants us to spend
EEHGAYwLSUM-00277-00077327-00077623 more on local government which lane in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00278-00077624-00077812 the budget should we take that money
EEHGAYwLSUM-00279-00077813-00078097 from should it be health should it be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00280-00078098-00078277 social care I'm waiting
EEHGAYwLSUM-00281-00078278-00078469 he's got their opportunity now to do it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00282-00078470-00078865 let's hear what his proposal is Richard
EEHGAYwLSUM-00283-00078866-00079342 Leonard residing officer here's a fact
EEHGAYwLSUM-00284-00079343-00079557 it's not just Dundee where cuts the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00285-00079558-00079744 council funding our hitting children's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00286-00079745-00080085 education in SNP run clerk manager
EEHGAYwLSUM-00287-00080086-00080365 Scottish government cuts us so deep that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00288-00080366-00080644 council officers proposed closing both
EEHGAYwLSUM-00289-00080645-00080869 calls Norton and fish Cross primary
EEHGAYwLSUM-00290-00080870-00081214 schools only a campaign led by parents
EEHGAYwLSUM-00291-00081215-00081466 stopped them but children in Clack
EEHGAYwLSUM-00292-00081467-00081829 manager still face cuts school transport
EEHGAYwLSUM-00293-00081830-00082093 is being axed plus sizes are being
EEHGAYwLSUM-00294-00082094-00082360 increased and two and a half hours is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00295-00082361-00082687 being cut from the school week Nicola
EEHGAYwLSUM-00296-00082688-00083005 Sturgeon came into office promising to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00297-00083006-00083362 cut class sizes but twelve years on to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00298-00083363-00083593 many children will be in bigger classes
EEHGAYwLSUM-00299-00083594-00083905 because of her budget and they will be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00300-00083906-00084151 spending less time being taught in those
EEHGAYwLSUM-00301-00084152-00084394 classes because of her budget
EEHGAYwLSUM-00302-00084395-00084727 First Minister if education is your
EEHGAYwLSUM-00303-00084728-00084988 defining mission and young people are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00304-00084989-00085332 your sacred responsibilities why are you
EEHGAYwLSUM-00305-00085333-00085609 imposing two hundred and thirty million
EEHGAYwLSUM-00306-00085610-00085768 pounds worth of cuts
EEHGAYwLSUM-00307-00085769-00086122 Scotland's Council's first minister to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00308-00086123-00086530 put it bluntly we are not but you know I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00309-00086531-00086827 guess I guess if we work the clock back
EEHGAYwLSUM-00310-00086828-00087088 to round about this time last year
EEHGAYwLSUM-00311-00087089-00087292 Richard Leonard would be standing up
EEHGAYwLSUM-00312-00087293-00087571 again claiming the education budgets
EEHGAYwLSUM-00313-00087572-00087769 across the country were going to be cut
EEHGAYwLSUM-00314-00087770-00087967 here's what happened in this financial
EEHGAYwLSUM-00315-00087968-00088267 year local authorities say education
EEHGAYwLSUM-00316-00088268-00088537 budgets this year there were three point
EEHGAYwLSUM-00317-00088538-00088741 eight percent higher than the budgets
EEHGAYwLSUM-00318-00088742-00088975 they said the year before that's a two
EEHGAYwLSUM-00319-00088976-00089227 point three percent real terms increase
EEHGAYwLSUM-00320-00089228-00089527 and their plan spend on education so
EEHGAYwLSUM-00321-00089528-00089776 those are the facts and no matter how
EEHGAYwLSUM-00322-00089777-00090058 hard Richard Lena tries he cannot negate
EEHGAYwLSUM-00323-00090059-00090283 those facts but again you know one last
EEHGAYwLSUM-00324-00090284-00090556 chance before five o'clock today if he
EEHGAYwLSUM-00325-00090557-00090760 wants us to spend more on local
EEHGAYwLSUM-00326-00090761-00091042 government he has an opportunity to come
EEHGAYwLSUM-00327-00091043-00091282 forward and say where that will come
EEHGAYwLSUM-00328-00091283-00091498 from the only proposal that came from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00329-00091499-00091732 Labour benches would ruled out by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00330-00091733-00091900 Richard Leonard he's got no credibility
EEHGAYwLSUM-00331-00091901-00092113 and asking for more money if he won't
EEHGAYwLSUM-00332-00092114-00092308 see where that money is going to come
EEHGAYwLSUM-00333-00092309-00092838 from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00334-00092839-00093031 thank you very much we've got a number
EEHGAYwLSUM-00335-00093032-00093205 of constituency questions the first from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00336-00093206-00093427 David Torrence Thank You presiding
EEHGAYwLSUM-00337-00093428-00093484 officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00338-00093485-00093664 yesterday I was laundry announced the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00339-00093665-00093832 closure of his Factory in Kirkcaldy by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00340-00093833-00093976 the beginning of April with an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00341-00093977-00094234 unanticipated loss of 86 jobs and the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00342-00094235-00094393 First Minister please advise what his
EEHGAYwLSUM-00343-00094394-00094522 coach government can do to support
EEHGAYwLSUM-00344-00094523-00094735 employees facing redundancy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00345-00094736-00094975 First Minister well I was very concerned
EEHGAYwLSUM-00346-00094976-00095227 that Ellis laundry had has announced the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00347-00095228-00095452 closure of its Factory in Kirkcaldy with
EEHGAYwLSUM-00348-00095453-00095760 the potential loss of many jobs I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00349-00095761-00095965 understand that the proposals that say
EEHGAYwLSUM-00350-00095966-00096127 it will close at the end of March and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00351-00096128-00096334 the business will transfer to in Chinon
EEHGAYwLSUM-00352-00096335-00096589 the peace partnership has already
EEHGAYwLSUM-00353-00096590-00096760 engaged with Ellis laundry and has
EEHGAYwLSUM-00354-00096761-00096946 worked with the employees affected all
EEHGAYwLSUM-00355-00096947-00097165 for recent weeks and I can assure David
EEHGAYwLSUM-00356-00097166-00097273 Torrance that the partnership will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00357-00097274-00097495 continue to provide at the support that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00358-00097496-00097738 employees need to help them at this very
EEHGAYwLSUM-00359-00097739-00097848 difficult time
EEHGAYwLSUM-00360-00097849-00098092 murder freezer to be filled by Monica
EEHGAYwLSUM-00361-00098093-00098140 Leonard
EEHGAYwLSUM-00362-00098141-00098281 Thank You presiding officer a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00363-00098282-00098532 constituent in Highland Park has asked
EEHGAYwLSUM-00364-00098533-00098665 me to read concerns about ambulance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00365-00098666-00098935 cover in the area on the 20th of January
EEHGAYwLSUM-00366-00098936-00099091 a 999 call
EEHGAYwLSUM-00367-00099092-00099225 or an ambulance in a life-threatening
EEHGAYwLSUM-00368-00099226-00099582 situation it took one hour and 46
EEHGAYwLSUM-00369-00099583-00099790 minutes for a rapid response unit to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00370-00099791-00100105 attend and 2 hours and 14 minutes for an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00371-00100106-00100231 ambulance to follow up
EEHGAYwLSUM-00372-00100232-00100459 fortunately the patient in question has
EEHGAYwLSUM-00373-00100460-00100638 recovered but does the first manager
EEHGAYwLSUM-00374-00100639-00100834 consider that these time scales are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00375-00100835-00101041 acceptable and what steps will be taken
EEHGAYwLSUM-00376-00101042-00101221 to improve the level of ambulance cover
EEHGAYwLSUM-00377-00101222-00101521 in rural character first person
EEHGAYwLSUM-00378-00101522-00101842 well I'm due freezer freezing that can
EEHGAYwLSUM-00379-00101843-00102067 he please pass my good wishes back to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00380-00102068-00102298 his constituent service does an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00381-00102299-00102465 excellent job and I'm sure members
EEHGAYwLSUM-00382-00102466-00102640 across the chamber would want to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00383-00102641-00102816 recognize that I don't know all of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00384-00102817-00102925 details of this particular case
EEHGAYwLSUM-00385-00102926-00103119 certainly from what model freezer has
EEHGAYwLSUM-00386-00103120-00103383 narrated that kind of response time does
EEHGAYwLSUM-00387-00103384-00103632 not appear to me to be acceptable
EEHGAYwLSUM-00388-00103633-00103779 however I will ask the health secretary
EEHGAYwLSUM-00389-00103780-00104014 to look into the circumstances to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00390-00104015-00104200 discuss them with the Scottish Ambulance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00391-00104201-00104385 Service and to write to model freezer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00392-00104386-00104650 when she has more information Monica
EEHGAYwLSUM-00393-00104651-00104886 Leonard before by brain with all fresh
EEHGAYwLSUM-00394-00104888-00105052 Minister after the clinical waste
EEHGAYwLSUM-00395-00105053-00105250 company healthcare environmental
EEHGAYwLSUM-00396-00105251-00105504 services limited ceased the services to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00397-00105505-00105793 the NHS boards continue to pay the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00398-00105794-00106015 company and has been reported at board
EEHGAYwLSUM-00399-00106016-00106554 cell or ATS 450,000 pounds meanwhile ETS
EEHGAYwLSUM-00400-00106555-00106758 workers still haven't been paid
EEHGAYwLSUM-00401-00106759-00106945 they had final wedgies after they were
EEHGAYwLSUM-00402-00106946-00107208 let go at Christmas does the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00403-00107209-00107419 Minister agree with me that any
EEHGAYwLSUM-00404-00107420-00107674 outstanding payments from the NHS board
EEHGAYwLSUM-00405-00107675-00107965 to ETS should be used to create a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00406-00107966-00108274 special funds for HCA staff who cannot
EEHGAYwLSUM-00407-00108275-00108552 afford to be out of pocket any longer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00408-00108553-00108982 First Minister o tamanho : and I'd
EEHGAYwLSUM-00409-00108983-00109189 firstly I understand the sentiment
EEHGAYwLSUM-00410-00109190-00109348 behind her question and I think we would
EEHGAYwLSUM-00411-00109349-00109627 all share the sense of anger when any
EEHGAYwLSUM-00412-00109628-00110032 employees have treated less than ideally
EEHGAYwLSUM-00413-00110033-00110286 which is certainly the case here on the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00414-00110288-00110440 issue of the payments my understanding
EEHGAYwLSUM-00415-00110441-00110614 is that any payments that were made to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00416-00110615-00110916 this company we're for services that had
EEHGAYwLSUM-00417-00110917-00111072 already been delivered before the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00418-00111073-00111346 companies went into it said
EEHGAYwLSUM-00419-00111347-00111534 administration and therefore health
EEHGAYwLSUM-00420-00111535-00111670 boards were contractually
EEHGAYwLSUM-00421-00111671-00111889 legally obliged to make those payments
EEHGAYwLSUM-00422-00111890-00112039 and I'm sure Monica layman can
EEHGAYwLSUM-00423-00112040-00112222 understand that position we will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00424-00112223-00112397 continue to do everything we can
EEHGAYwLSUM-00425-00112398-00112622 the employees concerned and the health
EEHGAYwLSUM-00426-00112623-00112729 secretary I'm sure would be happy to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00427-00112730-00112931 talk to Monica Lin and father about the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00428-00112932-00113077 father actions the Scottish Government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00429-00113078-00113326 is able to teach Brian whittles before
EEHGAYwLSUM-00430-00113327-00113693 by rudder grant to draw
EEHGAYwLSUM-00431-00113694-00113921 the first ministers attention to to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00432-00113922-00114178 Bolton landfill state which has now gone
EEHGAYwLSUM-00433-00114179-00114425 250 days since the the company that was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00434-00114426-00114604 running that site went into liquidation
EEHGAYwLSUM-00435-00114605-00114881 and since then pumps have been switched
EEHGAYwLSUM-00436-00114882-00115039 off and there's been no flirting and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00437-00115040-00115220 there's increasing evidence of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00438-00115221-00115508 contaminants leaching into the ground
EEHGAYwLSUM-00439-00115508-00115708 and into the air and into the water
EEHGAYwLSUM-00440-00115709-00115900 and a recent stakeholders meeting it was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00441-00115901-00116116 unclear we have the responsibility Lee
EEHGAYwLSUM-00442-00116117-00116266 for that health and safety and I wonder
EEHGAYwLSUM-00443-00116267-00116447 if I get the opportunity if they first
EEHGAYwLSUM-00444-00116448-00116597 knows who could tell me where those
EEHGAYwLSUM-00445-00116598-00116819 lines of responsibility lie and keeping
EEHGAYwLSUM-00446-00116820-00117054 that state safe
EEHGAYwLSUM-00447-00117055-00117253 I'm not able to give all of that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00448-00117254-00117449 information to Bro Whittle right now I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00449-00117450-00117623 will undertake to recess with the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00450-00117624-00117794 Environment Secretary and to come back
EEHGAYwLSUM-00451-00117795-00117944 to him as quickly as possible about our
EEHGAYwLSUM-00452-00117945-00118097 understanding of where lines of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00453-00118098-00118288 accountability are and also the action
EEHGAYwLSUM-00454-00118289-00118481 the Scottish government can take to try
EEHGAYwLSUM-00455-00118482-00118651 to reach a resolution of what certainly
EEHGAYwLSUM-00456-00118652-00118888 seems to be a deeply unsatisfactory
EEHGAYwLSUM-00457-00118889-00119069 situation I can understand that people
EEHGAYwLSUM-00458-00119070-00119306 in the local area will be very concerned
EEHGAYwLSUM-00459-00119307-00119509 about any prospect of contamination and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00460-00119510-00119732 it is absolutely necessary that all
EEHGAYwLSUM-00461-00119733-00119941 relevant agencies and organizations
EEHGAYwLSUM-00462-00119942-00120194 respond as quickly as possible and Rudy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00463-00120195-00120526 drowned Thank You presiding officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00464-00120527-00120770 a woman and Caithness has bravely shared
EEHGAYwLSUM-00465-00120771-00121012 her experience of giving birth under the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00466-00121013-00121276 current maternity provisions there she
EEHGAYwLSUM-00467-00121277-00121433 was pregnant with twins when she went
EEHGAYwLSUM-00468-00121433-00121700 into labor at 30 weeks she went to the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00469-00121701-00121927 Caithness General Hospital to be told
EEHGAYwLSUM-00470-00121928-00122072 after examination that she'll be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00471-00122073-00122357 transferred by route to Inverness over
EEHGAYwLSUM-00472-00122358-00122573 100 miles away on a two and a half hour
EEHGAYwLSUM-00473-00122574-00122906 drive halfway into that journey they had
EEHGAYwLSUM-00474-00122907-00123088 to stop at a community hospital and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00475-00123089-00123310 Goolsbee where the first twin was born
EEHGAYwLSUM-00476-00123311-00123625 breech the air ambulance was then tasked
EEHGAYwLSUM-00477-00123626-00123850 but because it would take two hours to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00478-00123851-00124075 arrive the first twin would be sent by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00479-00124076-00124397 route to Inverness the helicopter could
EEHGAYwLSUM-00480-00124398-00124639 not land another air ambulance was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00481-00124640-00124804 tasked but this would take too long
EEHGAYwLSUM-00482-00124805-00125048 therefore a second ambulance resumed the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00483-00125049-00125243 journey to Inverness where the second
EEHGAYwLSUM-00484-00125244-00125456 twin was born thankfully after a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00485-00125457-00125718 prolonged stay in hospital or are now
EEHGAYwLSUM-00486-00125719-00125970 doing well however it begs the question
EEHGAYwLSUM-00487-00125971-00126273 why was the ear ambulance or emergency
EEHGAYwLSUM-00488-00126274-00126543 retrieval team not tasked initially ear
EEHGAYwLSUM-00489-00126544-00126855 lifting the mum from Caithness well the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00490-00126856-00127101 first minister investigate this and will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00491-00127102-00127305 she make sure that the air ambulance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00492-00127306-00127497 treats situations like this as I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00493-00127498-00127619 priority
EEHGAYwLSUM-00494-00127620-00128019 first minister yeah yes I will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00495-00128020-00128258 investigate that specific question and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00496-00128259-00128483 firstly can ask would a grant convey my
EEHGAYwLSUM-00497-00128484-00128727 good wishes to the family in her
EEHGAYwLSUM-00498-00128728-00129008 constituency as Rhoda grant knows
EEHGAYwLSUM-00499-00129008-00129246 mother's about to give birth would be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00500-00129247-00129456 transferred from Caithness only when
EEHGAYwLSUM-00501-00129457-00129584 that was considered to be in line with
EEHGAYwLSUM-00502-00129585-00129860 patient safety why the air ambulance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00503-00129861-00130085 wasn't immediately tasked in this case
EEHGAYwLSUM-00504-00130086-00130266 is not something I have the information
EEHGAYwLSUM-00505-00130267-00130545 or and no in the chamber but I will ask
EEHGAYwLSUM-00506-00130546-00130719 the health equity to look into that this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00507-00130720-00130914 afternoon and come back to Rhoda grant
EEHGAYwLSUM-00508-00130915-00131163 both with an explanation of that but
EEHGAYwLSUM-00509-00131164-00131364 also any further consideration that we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00510-00131365-00131484 think is required in light of that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00511-00131485-00131790 ensure that we're possible the rate
EEHGAYwLSUM-00512-00131791-00132132 method of transferring mothers is tasked
EEHGAYwLSUM-00513-00132133-00132401 at the earliest possible opportunity
EEHGAYwLSUM-00514-00132402-00132606 thank you question umber three we'll
EEHGAYwLSUM-00515-00132607-00132942 hear any new information suggests that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00516-00132943-00133227 John you could have survived if the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00517-00133228-00133377 police had responded to an emergency
EEHGAYwLSUM-00518-00133378-00133755 call in time but we know both he and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00519-00133756-00134055 Lamar ABEO died when they were left at
EEHGAYwLSUM-00520-00134056-00134226 the side of the N main motorway for
EEHGAYwLSUM-00521-00134227-00134541 three days the accident happened four
EEHGAYwLSUM-00522-00134542-00134889 years ago but there is still no fatal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00523-00134890-00135179 accident inquiry and they are not alone
EEHGAYwLSUM-00524-00135180-00135438 our researchers found that families
EEHGAYwLSUM-00525-00135439-00135654 across Scotland wait for up to eight
EEHGAYwLSUM-00526-00135655-00136038 years for a fatal accident inquiry into
EEHGAYwLSUM-00527-00136039-00136311 the day of their loved ones can the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00528-00136312-00136578 First Minister tell these families why
EEHGAYwLSUM-00529-00136579-00136884 an air that is taking so long for them
EEHGAYwLSUM-00530-00136885-00137049 to get the answers that they deserve
EEHGAYwLSUM-00531-00137050-00137247 First Minister
EEHGAYwLSUM-00532-00137248-00137523 well I thank Willie Rainey for reason
EEHGAYwLSUM-00533-00137524-00137628 mr. Sherr would take the opportunity
EEHGAYwLSUM-00534-00137629-00137859 given that he had raised this issue of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00535-00137860-00138069 once again placing on the record my
EEHGAYwLSUM-00536-00138070-00138261 deepest sympathies to the families of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00537-00138262-00138561 jaanu and lamar de bâle court it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00538-00138562-00138816 happened in that case was unacceptable
EEHGAYwLSUM-00539-00138817-00138936 there has been a great deal of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00540-00138937-00139206 Investigation and lessons learned that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00541-00139207-00139431 will be applied for the future on this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00542-00139432-00139581 specific issue of fatal accident
EEHGAYwLSUM-00543-00139582-00139785 inquiries and I absolutely understand
EEHGAYwLSUM-00544-00139786-00140019 the frustration that families will often
EEHGAYwLSUM-00545-00140020-00140232 feel about the length of time for fatal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00546-00140233-00140508 acts that inquiries to begin the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00547-00140509-00140721 decision though and I do hope Willie
EEHGAYwLSUM-00548-00140722-00140919 Rennie does understand this point and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00549-00140920-00141135 I'm sure he will the decision to hold a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00550-00141136-00141315 fatal accident inquiry but also the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00551-00141316-00141597 timescale for initiating the inquiry is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00552-00141598-00141783 a matter entirely for the Lord Advocate
EEHGAYwLSUM-00553-00141784-00141999 and in this capacity the Lord Advocate
EEHGAYwLSUM-00554-00142000-00142236 operates independently of government so
EEHGAYwLSUM-00555-00142237-00142395 it would be wrong
EEHGAYwLSUM-00556-00142396-00142620 I think for me to seek to second-guess
EEHGAYwLSUM-00557-00142621-00142959 that decision-making process depending
EEHGAYwLSUM-00558-00142960-00143214 upon the circumstances of a case and I'm
EEHGAYwLSUM-00559-00143215-00143373 not talking about any particular case
EEHGAYwLSUM-00560-00143374-00143610 here a death investigation can be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00561-00143611-00143826 complex technical and it can often
EEHGAYwLSUM-00562-00143827-00144078 involve a number of different agencies I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00563-00144079-00144270 know the crown office is committed to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00564-00144271-00144498 prompt investigations but I also know
EEHGAYwLSUM-00565-00144499-00144651 that it accepts that in some cases the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00566-00144652-00144810 time taken to complete an investigation
EEHGAYwLSUM-00567-00144811-00145053 has been too long finally the government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00568-00145054-00145287 has made additional funding available to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00569-00145288-00145497 the clown office and they are using some
EEHGAYwLSUM-00570-00145498-00145659 of that hello the Scottish fatalities
EEHGAYwLSUM-00571-00145660-00145851 investigation unit to try to reduce the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00572-00145852-00146040 time required to complete death
EEHGAYwLSUM-00573-00146041-00146259 investigations I hope that is helpful in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00574-00146260-00146463 way of an answer and I hope we'll
EEHGAYwLSUM-00575-00146464-00146619 Iranian issue that this is an issue that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00576-00146620-00146745 with the crown office and the government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00577-00146746-00147105 takes seriously really really yeah I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00578-00147106-00147474 understand that but how can any lessons
EEHGAYwLSUM-00579-00147475-00147756 be allowed when it takes years to get
EEHGAYwLSUM-00580-00147757-00148005 the answers it may be that the failure
EEHGAYwLSUM-00581-00148006-00148266 to maintain experience CO handlers in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00582-00148267-00148551 the belston Glen police service center
EEHGAYwLSUM-00583-00148552-00148833 is one of those lessons from the m9
EEHGAYwLSUM-00584-00148834-00149193 crash but mistakes are about to be made
EEHGAYwLSUM-00585-00149194-00149526 again at belston glen alongside other
EEHGAYwLSUM-00586-00149527-00149817 centers in Motherwell and government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00587-00149818-00150138 police staff ornate and bat shifts are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00588-00150139-00150420 about to lose thousands of pounds a year
EEHGAYwLSUM-00589-00150421-00150678 in changes to their shift
EEHGAYwLSUM-00590-00150679-00151099 I am told morale is at rock bottom we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00591-00151100-00151369 cannot afford to drive experience call
EEHGAYwLSUM-00592-00151370-00151590 handlers out of the police
EEHGAYwLSUM-00593-00151591-00151849 so can the First Minister steppin to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00594-00151850-00152241 prevent these damaging changes first
EEHGAYwLSUM-00595-00152242-00152482 person this is of course still under
EEHGAYwLSUM-00596-00152483-00152581 discussion
EEHGAYwLSUM-00597-00152582-00152821 the majority of police staff will see an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00598-00152822-00152962 increase but nevertheless these are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00599-00152963-00153082 important issues that the government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00600-00153083-00153346 must properly consider in terms of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00601-00153347-00153583 points about fatal accident inquiries
EEHGAYwLSUM-00602-00153584-00153816 I've answered that as fully as I can and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00603-00153817-00154050 I won't repeat what I've already said it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00604-00154051-00154246 is in the interest of everyone that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00605-00154247-00154468 investigations and inquiries take place
EEHGAYwLSUM-00606-00154469-00154624 as quickly as possible but it is also
EEHGAYwLSUM-00607-00154625-00154902 important that the rate processes are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00608-00154903-00155182 followed we do know that the average
EEHGAYwLSUM-00609-00155183-00155490 number of these to complete feedbacks
EEHGAYwLSUM-00610-00155491-00155652 and inquiries is reducing that's of no
EEHGAYwLSUM-00611-00155653-00155814 comfort to any family you're still
EEHGAYwLSUM-00612-00155815-00155968 waiting for one to start but these are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00613-00155969-00156208 issues we take seriously and continue to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00614-00156209-00156349 work with the Kohen office to address
EEHGAYwLSUM-00615-00156350-00156607 and that is the case in terms of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00616-00156608-00156733 other changes that willie danny has
EEHGAYwLSUM-00617-00156734-00157045 mentioned thank you ever so further
EEHGAYwLSUM-00618-00157046-00157313 supplementary the first from Keith prone
EEHGAYwLSUM-00619-00157314-00157586 the First Minister may be aware that the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00620-00157587-00157798 Conservative Party supports personal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00621-00157799-00157972 Social Security this morning stated that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00622-00157973-00158151 there is no such thing as the bedroom
EEHGAYwLSUM-00623-00158152-00158403 tax given that the Scottish government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00624-00158404-00158541 provides an average of six hundred and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00625-00158542-00158724 fifty pounds in bedroom tax relief for
EEHGAYwLSUM-00626-00158725-00158881 over seventy thousand families in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00627-00158882-00159102 Scotland is the First Minister concerned
EEHGAYwLSUM-00628-00159103-00159319 as I am that the Tories would take away
EEHGAYwLSUM-00629-00159320-00159499 this support for families in Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-00630-00159500-00159690 because they believe this tax does not
EEHGAYwLSUM-00631-00159691-00160187 even exist First Minister
EEHGAYwLSUM-00632-00160188-00160589 I am a weird I haven't seen the details
EEHGAYwLSUM-00633-00160590-00160859 myself I am aware that Michelle
EEHGAYwLSUM-00634-00160860-00161114 Ballantine the Tories Social Security
EEHGAYwLSUM-00635-00161115-00161300 welfare spokesperson it said that a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00636-00161301-00161452 committee this morning that the bedroom
EEHGAYwLSUM-00637-00161453-00161684 tax does not exist I think that will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00638-00161685-00161897 come used to the many people that are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00639-00161898-00162140 subject to the bedroom tax or would be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00640-00162141-00162371 subject to the bedroom tax but for the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00641-00162372-00162563 mitigation action that this Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00642-00162564-00162725 Government has taken to make sure that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00643-00162726-00162995 nobody in Scotland has to pay the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00644-00162996-00163187 bedroom tax perhaps Michelle Ballantine
EEHGAYwLSUM-00645-00163188-00163319 later on this afternoon will want to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00646-00163320-00163465 explain her comments I would hope that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00647-00163466-00163622 Jackson Karla would want to take a very
EEHGAYwLSUM-00648-00163623-00163910 close look to a comment but it doesn't
EEHGAYwLSUM-00649-00163911-00164104 augur very well if the Tories don't even
EEHGAYwLSUM-00650-00164105-00164336 understand the basics of what people
EEHGAYwLSUM-00651-00164337-00164531 across the country are experiencing in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00652-00164532-00164795 terms of the welfare policies they're
EEHGAYwLSUM-00653-00164796-00164977 more chance do we have of persuading
EEHGAYwLSUM-00654-00164978-00165146 them to change them it's an appalling
EEHGAYwLSUM-00655-00165147-00165356 comment if indeed it was made and I hope
EEHGAYwLSUM-00656-00165357-00165502 their michelle ballantine will retract
EEHGAYwLSUM-00657-00165503-00165879 it at the earliest opportunity
EEHGAYwLSUM-00658-00165880-00166139 and a star to be followed by Lee
EEHGAYwLSUM-00659-00166140-00166352 MacArthur and now Sarah Jenny officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00660-00166353-00166514 discrimination is more than just about
EEHGAYwLSUM-00661-00166515-00166739 hate claim impacts life chances and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00662-00166740-00166966 outcomes today with the support of spice
EEHGAYwLSUM-00663-00166967-00167126 are published a report which shows that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00664-00167127-00167309 Scotland's diverse minority communities
EEHGAYwLSUM-00665-00167310-00167564 are chronically underrepresented and the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00666-00167565-00167732 civil service and public sector bodies
EEHGAYwLSUM-00667-00167733-00168020 only 1.8 percent of civil servants are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00668-00168021-00168248 from a diverse background only 10 of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00669-00168249-00168443 most senior posts are from a diverse
EEHGAYwLSUM-00670-00168444-00168647 background and two-thirds of local
EEHGAYwLSUM-00671-00168648-00168911 authorities employ less than 1% from a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00672-00168912-00169090 diverse background so will the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00673-00169091-00169286 Minister commit to a full and regular
EEHGAYwLSUM-00674-00169287-00169544 audit of Scotland's public sector will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00675-00169545-00169700 she support the implementation of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00676-00169701-00169889 Rini rule which means at least one
EEHGAYwLSUM-00677-00169890-00170096 ethnic minority shortlisted when a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00678-00170097-00170318 vacancy arises and will she agreed to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00679-00170319-00170495 expand the very welcome gender
EEHGAYwLSUM-00680-00170496-00170708 representation on public boards act to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00681-00170709-00170890 ensure that public sector bodies reflect
EEHGAYwLSUM-00682-00170891-00171214 Scottish society first place let me see
EEHGAYwLSUM-00683-00171215-00171332 a couple of things quickly to that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00684-00171333-00171512 firstly I absolutely agree with the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00685-00171513-00171725 sentiments behind Anna SARS question in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00686-00171726-00171881 terms of the specifics he's asked me the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00687-00171882-00172019 I will ask the Permanent Secretary to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00688-00172020-00172277 consider all of them and I will be happy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00689-00172278-00172469 either myself or as a permanent
EEHGAYwLSUM-00690-00172470-00172685 secretary to write to him on how we will
EEHGAYwLSUM-00691-00172686-00172844 take forward all the specific points
EEHGAYwLSUM-00692-00172845-00173053 there but let me assure him and the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00693-00173054-00173243 entire chamber that the Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00694-00173244-00173474 Government as an employer is absolutely
EEHGAYwLSUM-00695-00173475-00173537 determined
EEHGAYwLSUM-00696-00173538-00173735 to increase the numbers of ethnic
EEHGAYwLSUM-00697-00173736-00173927 minorities working within the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00698-00173928-00174197 organization we are underrepresented in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00699-00174198-00174352 the Scottish government right now as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00700-00174353-00174512 will be the case for many organizations
EEHGAYwLSUM-00701-00174513-00174713 and employers and just as it is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00702-00174714-00174916 important that we redress that imbalance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00703-00174917-00175175 in gender is also vital that we do
EEHGAYwLSUM-00704-00175176-00175346 school for ethnic minorities and the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00705-00175347-00175523 Scottish government as an employer is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00706-00175524-00175688 absolutely committed to doing so and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00707-00175689-00175865 committed to encouraging other employers
EEHGAYwLSUM-00708-00175866-00176189 to take similar action Lee McArthur
EEHGAYwLSUM-00709-00176190-00176537 before by any Wales Minister will recall
EEHGAYwLSUM-00710-00176538-00176740 that the sole time prize for marine
EEHGAYwLSUM-00711-00176741-00177002 energy was first launched in 2008 by her
EEHGAYwLSUM-00712-00177003-00177153 predecessor Alex are in the mid
EEHGAYwLSUM-00713-00177154-00177419 characteristic fanfare Mr Salmond then
EEHGAYwLSUM-00714-00177420-00177587 went on to relaunch the prize on a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00715-00177588-00177776 regular basis over subsequent years
EEHGAYwLSUM-00716-00177777-00177950 before it was quietly then abandoned
EEHGAYwLSUM-00717-00177951-00178283 unclaimed in 2017 given the role the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00718-00178284-00178489 title energy needs to play in our future
EEHGAYwLSUM-00719-00178490-00178688 energy mix as well as in meeting our
EEHGAYwLSUM-00720-00178689-00178910 climate change targets what assurance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00721-00178911-00179021 can the First Minister give that the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00722-00179022-00179266 latest version of the Saltire prize is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00723-00179267-00179495 actually winnable and not simply an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00724-00179496-00179914 exercise in window dressing here I think
EEHGAYwLSUM-00725-00179915-00180071 this is a legitimate question for Liam
EEHGAYwLSUM-00726-00180072-00180316 McArthur to have raised the reason that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00727-00180317-00180652 we have recast this prize is to make
EEHGAYwLSUM-00728-00180653-00180899 sure that it matches developments in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00729-00180900-00181148 tidal energy the Saltire prize was not
EEHGAYwLSUM-00730-00181149-00181409 doing that that was nothing to do with
EEHGAYwLSUM-00731-00181410-00181607 the situation when that prize was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00732-00181608-00181769 launched it's the developments of tidal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00733-00181770-00181973 energy have not developed in a way that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00734-00181974-00182171 people then thought so we are determined
EEHGAYwLSUM-00735-00182172-00182531 it to ensure that this recast initiative
EEHGAYwLSUM-00736-00182532-00182702 helps those who are seeking to develop
EEHGAYwLSUM-00737-00182703-00182965 tidal energy and I over the last couple
EEHGAYwLSUM-00738-00182966-00183170 of weeks them as I have been promoting
EEHGAYwLSUM-00739-00183171-00183488 Scotland internationally have spoken to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00740-00183489-00183749 a number of people active in renewable
EEHGAYwLSUM-00741-00183750-00183926 energy and certainly some of them that I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00742-00183927-00184088 have spoken to were very warmly
EEHGAYwLSUM-00743-00184089-00184327 welcoming of these changes because they
EEHGAYwLSUM-00744-00184328-00184523 thought it better reflected the work
EEHGAYwLSUM-00745-00184524-00184751 that they were doing so hopefully Liam
EEHGAYwLSUM-00746-00184752-00184927 McArthur can be reassured by that and we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00747-00184928-00185168 can all get behind renewable energy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00748-00185169-00185339 generally in Scotland but tidal energy
EEHGAYwLSUM-00749-00185340-00185779 in particular any rails thank you on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00750-00185780-00185996 Saturday another shooting took place in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00751-00185997-00186212 Glasgow and spine burn the area dial eV
EEHGAYwLSUM-00752-00186213-00186439 and this is almost a year after the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00753-00186440-00186587 victims brother was shot in the same
EEHGAYwLSUM-00754-00186588-00186797 street and one of the many shootings
EEHGAYwLSUM-00755-00186798-00186926 that have taken place in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00756-00186927-00187139 over the last two years something that I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00757-00187140-00187421 have raised in the chamber before so can
EEHGAYwLSUM-00758-00187422-00187583 I ask the First Minister what action
EEHGAYwLSUM-00759-00187584-00187787 will be taken to the area residents that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00760-00187788-00187946 steps have been taken to clamp down and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00761-00187947-00188234 gun and claim First Minister well this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00762-00188235-00188492 is primarily of course an operational
EEHGAYwLSUM-00763-00188493-00188663 matter for please Scotland I know from
EEHGAYwLSUM-00764-00188664-00188855 the discussions I have with police
EEHGAYwLSUM-00765-00188856-00189068 Scotland that this is an issue gun crime
EEHGAYwLSUM-00766-00189069-00189344 and gang-related crime in the city of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00767-00189345-00189539 Glasgow is something that is a real
EEHGAYwLSUM-00768-00189540-00189773 priority for them for the government's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00769-00189774-00189977 part we have a duty to support police
EEHGAYwLSUM-00770-00189978-00190151 that's why we're increasing the revenue
EEHGAYwLSUM-00771-00190152-00190355 budget of police Scotland to enable them
EEHGAYwLSUM-00772-00190356-00190637 to do the job that they are tasked to do
EEHGAYwLSUM-00773-00190638-00190802 the justice secretary and I are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00774-00190803-00190985 regularly briefed by police Scotland on
EEHGAYwLSUM-00775-00190986-00191138 developments around serious and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00776-00191139-00191318 organized crime and this is an issue
EEHGAYwLSUM-00777-00191319-00191495 that I'm sure will continue to be one of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00778-00191496-00191687 bleep priority because I think that is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00779-00191688-00191849 required in order to give the kind of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00780-00191850-00192002 reassurance to people living in Glasgow
EEHGAYwLSUM-00781-00192003-00192224 which is where I live and where my
EEHGAYwLSUM-00782-00192225-00192485 constituency is and that's an important
EEHGAYwLSUM-00783-00192486-00192764 point to have raised question um before
EEHGAYwLSUM-00784-00192765-00192956 Kenneth Gibson Thank You presiding
EEHGAYwLSUM-00785-00192957-00193010 officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00786-00193011-00193184 to ask the First Minister well she'll
EEHGAYwLSUM-00787-00193185-00193325 provide an update on our recent visitors
EEHGAYwLSUM-00788-00193326-00193517 to Canada the United States and France
EEHGAYwLSUM-00789-00193518-00193883 first well in the face of breaks it's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00790-00193884-00194060 never been more important to demonstrate
EEHGAYwLSUM-00791-00194061-00194276 that Scotland is an open outward-looking
EEHGAYwLSUM-00792-00194277-00194459 country and that we're open for business
EEHGAYwLSUM-00793-00194460-00195248 and I visited the US Canada and France
EEHGAYwLSUM-00794-00195249-00195515 markets that are worth over a billion
EEHGAYwLSUM-00795-00195516-00195710 pounds to Scotland's economy to promote
EEHGAYwLSUM-00796-00195711-00195845 us as an attractive place to invest
EEHGAYwLSUM-00797-00195846-00196076 visit working lives during my visits I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00798-00196077-00196277 open new hubs in Canada and France part
EEHGAYwLSUM-00799-00196278-00196349 of our program for government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00800-00196350-00196574 commitments to grow a relationships with
EEHGAYwLSUM-00801-00196575-00196769 other countries and hosted events to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00802-00196770-00196934 promote Scottish food and drink I met
EEHGAYwLSUM-00803-00196935-00197132 with companies including Mariette poor
EEHGAYwLSUM-00804-00197133-00197465 Morgan Stanley IBM and BNP paribas all
EEHGAYwLSUM-00805-00197466-00197639 important stakeholders and some of our
EEHGAYwLSUM-00806-00197640-00197855 key economic sectors I also spoke at an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00807-00197856-00198044 event at the UN hosted by the assistant
EEHGAYwLSUM-00808-00198045-00198239 general secretary-general for human
EEHGAYwLSUM-00809-00198240-00198404 rights to discuss Scotland's commitment
EEHGAYwLSUM-00810-00198405-00198640 to gender equality and human rights
EEHGAYwLSUM-00811-00198641-00198908 Kenneth Gibson I thank the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00812-00198909-00199037 Minister for that answer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00813-00199038-00199187 just as First Minister agreed that by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00814-00199188-00199316 promoting trade and investment and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00815-00199317-00199481 launching new innovation and investment
EEHGAYwLSUM-00816-00199482-00199592 hubs in Ottoman Paris
EEHGAYwLSUM-00817-00199593-00199781 the Scottish Government is working to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00818-00199782-00199949 assure Scotland is an attractive place
EEHGAYwLSUM-00819-00199950-00200234 to invest visit work and love and that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00820-00200235-00200312 Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-00821-00200313-00200549 as building positive international
EEHGAYwLSUM-00822-00200550-00200708 relationships as we have taken out of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00823-00200709-00200863 the European Union against her well
EEHGAYwLSUM-00824-00200864-00201103 instead of taking the isolations view of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00825-00201104-00201302 the parochial Tories who quell any
EEHGAYwLSUM-00826-00201303-00201512 attempt by Scotland to raise its profile
EEHGAYwLSUM-00827-00201513-00201740 on the international stage even as we
EEHGAYwLSUM-00828-00201741-00201947 strive to attract investment and jobs
EEHGAYwLSUM-00829-00201948-00202045 into Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-00830-00202046-00202526 First Minister it's always been
EEHGAYwLSUM-00831-00202527-00202666 important for First Minister's to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00832-00202667-00202840 represent and promote the country abroad
EEHGAYwLSUM-00833-00202841-00203069 by coincidence the Edinburgh Airport
EEHGAYwLSUM-00834-00203070-00203246 when I was going to France in Monday I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00835-00203247-00203387 ran into Jack McConnell who was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00836-00203388-00203527 reminding me about how important it was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00837-00203528-00203882 when he was first minister and it's even
EEHGAYwLSUM-00838-00203883-00204185 more important now because of breaks so
EEHGAYwLSUM-00839-00204186-00204350 I make no apology I will continue to do
EEHGAYwLSUM-00840-00204351-00204553 everything I can to promote Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-00841-00204554-00204746 abroad interestingly the Tories have
EEHGAYwLSUM-00842-00204747-00204940 been criticizing it I noticed that the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00843-00204941-00205066 Secretary of State for Scotland actually
EEHGAYwLSUM-00844-00205067-00205291 seems to agree with me rather than with
EEHGAYwLSUM-00845-00205292-00205505 them in the last couple of years alone
EEHGAYwLSUM-00846-00205506-00205873 David Mandel has visited Iceland the USA
EEHGAYwLSUM-00847-00205875-00206167 Uruguay Chile New Zealand Hong Kong
EEHGAYwLSUM-00848-00206169-00206563 Japan Norway Paraguay Argentina Germany
EEHGAYwLSUM-00849-00206564-00206971 Belgium Myanmar and Singapore and you
EEHGAYwLSUM-00850-00206973-00207190 know what I back him to do it I think
EEHGAYwLSUM-00851-00207191-00207337 the only question is why did nobody
EEHGAYwLSUM-00852-00207338-00207846 notice he was gone
EEHGAYwLSUM-00853-00207846-00208221 question about five Kimmy green so as
EEHGAYwLSUM-00854-00208221-00208392 the First Minister what the Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00855-00208392-00208623 Government's responses to reports the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00856-00208623-00208866 alterations have been made to Scott real
EEHGAYwLSUM-00857-00208867-00209079 satisfaction targets over the last two
EEHGAYwLSUM-00858-00209080-00209364 years the government puts the interests
EEHGAYwLSUM-00859-00209365-00209567 of the passenger first which is why the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00860-00209569-00209859 franchise contract includes requirements
EEHGAYwLSUM-00861-00209860-00210048 to meet passenger satisfaction targets
EEHGAYwLSUM-00862-00210048-00210327 only a few real franchisees require this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00863-00210328-00210498 and the government holds got real to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00864-00210498-00210623 account for matters within the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00865-00210625-00210863 franchisees control but it's only
EEHGAYwLSUM-00866-00210864-00211056 reasonable and required contractually
EEHGAYwLSUM-00867-00211057-00211227 that we also take account of impacts
EEHGAYwLSUM-00868-00211228-00211464 beyond the control of the franchisee the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00869-00211465-00211626 targets for overall satisfaction have
EEHGAYwLSUM-00870-00211627-00211740 been adjusted as required by the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00871-00211741-00211962 contract for two reasons firstly to take
EEHGAYwLSUM-00872-00211963-00212130 account of a change in survey
EEHGAYwLSUM-00873-00212131-00212379 methodology by passenger focus and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00874-00212380-00212529 secondly to take account of increased
EEHGAYwLSUM-00875-00212530-00212712 disruption levels from extended Ric
EEHGAYwLSUM-00876-00212713-00212931 closures due to track renewal works in
EEHGAYwLSUM-00877-00212932-00213071 the Queen Street Tunnel and delete
EEHGAYwLSUM-00878-00213073-00213264 electrification works the extent and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00879-00213265-00213471 impact of this disruption was not known
EEHGAYwLSUM-00880-00213471-00213633 at the time of the bids for the scott
EEHGAYwLSUM-00881-00213634-00213909 reil franchise Jimmy green its
EEHGAYwLSUM-00882-00213910-00214089 contractual satisfaction targets eighty
EEHGAYwLSUM-00883-00214090-00214308 eight point five percent but over the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00884-00214309-00214431 past two years the Scottish government
EEHGAYwLSUM-00885-00214432-00214689 dropped these targets through 84 and 85
EEHGAYwLSUM-00886-00214690-00214941 percent and surprise surprise the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00887-00214942-00215238 operator met the newly law Lord targets
EEHGAYwLSUM-00888-00215239-00215508 and thus avoiding triggering an event of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00889-00215509-00215787 default we also know that Scott LaRose
EEHGAYwLSUM-00890-00215788-00216021 unlikely to meet its ppm performance
EEHGAYwLSUM-00891-00216021-00216210 targets perhaps four months if not years
EEHGAYwLSUM-00892-00216211-00216459 to come the first minister told this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00893-00216460-00216696 chamber in December that services were
EEHGAYwLSUM-00894-00216696-00216909 unacceptable and she apologized to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00895-00216910-00217203 passengers for dismal performance what
EEHGAYwLSUM-00896-00217204-00217377 message does the First Minister think it
EEHGAYwLSUM-00897-00217378-00217614 sends to any franchise holder that
EEHGAYwLSUM-00898-00217615-00217794 moving the goal posts and lowering the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00899-00217794-00218010 targets is how this government will deal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00900-00218011-00218202 with it not meeting its contractual
EEHGAYwLSUM-00901-00218203-00218469 obligations and given that satisfaction
EEHGAYwLSUM-00902-00218469-00218744 is at 15-year low passengers have had
EEHGAYwLSUM-00903-00218746-00218934 repeated across these from this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00904-00218935-00219096 government what is the first minister's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00905-00219096-00219336 message to passengers today First
EEHGAYwLSUM-00906-00219337-00219684 Minister as I said a moment ago the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00907-00219685-00219903 scott reil franchise is one of just a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00908-00219904-00220137 very few real franchisees to actually
EEHGAYwLSUM-00909-00220138-00220365 require at them to meet passenger
EEHGAYwLSUM-00910-00220366-00220523 satisfaction target I think that's a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00911-00220525-00220821 good thing in terms of in terms of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00912-00220821-00221091 amendments or adjustments I'm not sure
EEHGAYwLSUM-00913-00221092-00221276 if Jamie Green is seriously
EEHGAYwLSUM-00914-00221277-00221586 proposing that Scott Reil should be held
EEHGAYwLSUM-00915-00221587-00221766 to account for factors that are outside
EEHGAYwLSUM-00916-00221767-00221964 of its control factors that are don't to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00917-00221965-00222165 the failure of Network real for example
EEHGAYwLSUM-00918-00222166-00222465 which is not devolved to this Parliament
EEHGAYwLSUM-00919-00222466-00222702 but subtly and finally presiding officer
EEHGAYwLSUM-00920-00222703-00222981 we do continue to hold scott reil to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00921-00222982-00223191 account at the results of the National
EEHGAYwLSUM-00922-00223192-00223373 real passenger service lit a formal
EEHGAYwLSUM-00923-00223375-00223584 remedial plan notice being issued by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00924-00223585-00223773 Transport Scotland on the 8th of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00925-00223773-00224025 February requiring them to submit a
EEHGAYwLSUM-00926-00224026-00224235 remedial plan so we've got robust
EEHGAYwLSUM-00927-00224236-00224376 arrangements in place and the Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-00928-00224377-00224546 Government it will do what requires to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00929-00224548-00224685 be done to ensure that Scott Reil is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00930-00224686-00224937 held to account against them Richard
EEHGAYwLSUM-00931-00224938-00225167 Lyon the First Minister give an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00932-00225169-00225344 indication of what proportion of any
EEHGAYwLSUM-00933-00225346-00225642 delays are linked to net what real and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00934-00225642-00225861 with the First Minister agree that it's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00935-00225862-00226104 high time there are possession members
EEHGAYwLSUM-00936-00226105-00226410 MSP zenus Parliament joining the call
EEHGAYwLSUM-00937-00226411-00226650 for the fuelled devolution of Scotland's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00938-00226651-00227313 railways the opposition don't like this
EEHGAYwLSUM-00939-00227314-00227550 but Richard Leigh whose question is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00940-00227551-00227834 absolutely on the money because the KPI
EEHGAYwLSUM-00941-00227835-00228135 target for overall satisfaction was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00942-00228136-00228354 adjusted to take account of increased
EEHGAYwLSUM-00943-00228355-00228548 disruption caused by the delete to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00944-00228550-00228858 Network Rail's electrification works the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00945-00228859-00229008 adjustment also took account of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00946-00229009-00229173 delete to track renewal works in the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00947-00229173-00229317 Queen Street Tunnel again
EEHGAYwLSUM-00948-00229317-00229530 that's the responsibility of network
EEHGAYwLSUM-00949-00229531-00229707 real these issues are out with Scott
EEHGAYwLSUM-00950-00229708-00229875 reals control they are out with the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00951-00229876-00230091 control of the Scottish Parliament given
EEHGAYwLSUM-00952-00230092-00230340 responsibility for Network Rail is not
EEHGAYwLSUM-00953-00230341-00230556 devolved and overall more than half of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00954-00230557-00230763 the delays on the network over the past
EEHGAYwLSUM-00955-00230764-00230955 year have been the responsibility of
EEHGAYwLSUM-00956-00230956-00231282 network real so if the opposition want
EEHGAYwLSUM-00957-00231283-00231456 is to be able to do more about this then
EEHGAYwLSUM-00958-00231457-00231648 they need to get behind our calls to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00959-00231648-00231917 devolve Network real to this Parliament
EEHGAYwLSUM-00960-00231917-00232311 my crumbles First Minister there's no
EEHGAYwLSUM-00961-00232312-00232788 good blaming Network Rail's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00962-00232789-00233080 half-half of the problems of Network
EEHGAYwLSUM-00963-00233081-00233254 Rail are down to whether an agency
EEHGAYwLSUM-00964-00233255-00233466 situation please
EEHGAYwLSUM-00965-00233467-00233717 we've heard that customer satisfaction
EEHGAYwLSUM-00966-00233719-00234040 rates have dropped to a 15-year low
EEHGAYwLSUM-00967-00234041-00234211 that's that's the customer and
EEHGAYwLSUM-00968-00234212-00234403 performance indicators are still well
EEHGAYwLSUM-00969-00234404-00234519 below the level where financial
EEHGAYwLSUM-00970-00234521-00234721 penalties should have been leveled by
EEHGAYwLSUM-00971-00234721-00234928 this government and they provide an
EEHGAYwLSUM-00972-00234929-00235146 unacceptable service still would the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00973-00235148-00235369 First Minister accept that the public
EEHGAYwLSUM-00974-00235369-00235657 have lost confidence and Abellio as the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00975-00235658-00235842 operator of the 7 billion pounds got
EEHGAYwLSUM-00976-00235844-00236094 real franchisee and the franchisor be
EEHGAYwLSUM-00977-00236096-00236332 ended at the first breakpoint
EEHGAYwLSUM-00978-00236333-00236596 in the contract first mr. personally
EEHGAYwLSUM-00979-00236596-00236776 scott reil should be held to account
EEHGAYwLSUM-00980-00236777-00237088 where it feels and his health accounts
EEHGAYwLSUM-00981-00237089-00237277 got real it's find where that is
EEHGAYwLSUM-00982-00237278-00237436 appropriate for failures in its
EEHGAYwLSUM-00983-00237437-00237682 performance secondly in terms of the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00984-00237683-00237916 franchise of course it's only down to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00985-00237917-00238090 the actions of this government this was
EEHGAYwLSUM-00986-00238091-00238261 a pause for a long time but the unionist
EEHGAYwLSUM-00987-00238262-00238489 parties in this Parliament that we know
EEHGAYwLSUM-00988-00238490-00238692 do have the power to ensure a public
EEHGAYwLSUM-00989-00238694-00238971 sector bed for franchisees in future but
EEHGAYwLSUM-00990-00238973-00239233 make this not seriously suggestions I
EEHGAYwLSUM-00991-00239234-00239410 think he was there that when more than
EEHGAYwLSUM-00992-00239411-00239646 half of the delays on the network are
EEHGAYwLSUM-00993-00239648-00239911 the responsibility of network real then
EEHGAYwLSUM-00994-00239912-00240181 we shouldn't blame Network real let's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00995-00240182-00240328 hold scott reil to account when it's
EEHGAYwLSUM-00996-00240329-00240550 their failures to blame but let's hold
EEHGAYwLSUM-00997-00240551-00240769 network realtor code when it's them to
EEHGAYwLSUM-00998-00240769-00240919 blame and let's give ourselves the
EEHGAYwLSUM-00999-00240919-00241084 ability to properly hold them to account
EEHGAYwLSUM-01000-00241085-00241300 by devolve and responsibility to this
EEHGAYwLSUM-01001-00241301-00241615 Parliament the questioner respects Colin
EEHGAYwLSUM-01002-00241616-00242008 McNeill to ask the First Minister what
EEHGAYwLSUM-01003-00242009-00242182 steps the Scottish government plans to
EEHGAYwLSUM-01004-00242183-00242434 take to help vulnerable energy consumers
EEHGAYwLSUM-01005-00242435-00242626 First Minister well we're disappointed
EEHGAYwLSUM-01006-00242627-00242782 that the UK government continually fails
EEHGAYwLSUM-01007-00242783-00242953 to create an energy market that serves
EEHGAYwLSUM-01008-00242954-00243115 consumers fairly particularly the most
EEHGAYwLSUM-01009-00243116-00243391 vulnerable as the member knows fuel
EEHGAYwLSUM-01010-00243392-00243544 costs are the biggest driver of fuel
EEHGAYwLSUM-01011-00243544-00243798 poverty not when we have power over when
EEHGAYwLSUM-01012-00243800-00243919 we do have powers were taking action
EEHGAYwLSUM-01013-00243919-00244060 including bringing forward the fuel
EEHGAYwLSUM-01014-00244061-00244225 poverty bill and that energy efficiency
EEHGAYwLSUM-01015-00244226-00244462 route map were pleased off James litres
EEHGAYwLSUM-01016-00244463-00244617 finding sure that no customers were
EEHGAYwLSUM-01017-00244619-00244858 disconnected in Scotland in 2017 and
EEHGAYwLSUM-01018-00244859-00245046 fewer Scottish customers are repaying
EEHGAYwLSUM-01019-00245048-00245244 energy dates but I still believe that
EEHGAYwLSUM-01020-00245246-00245476 more should be done that's why we've
EEHGAYwLSUM-01021-00245477-00245704 recently written to the CEOs of the big
EEHGAYwLSUM-01022-00245705-00245884 six energy companies urging them to
EEHGAYwLSUM-01023-00245885-00246021 build honest and inviting them to engage
EEHGAYwLSUM-01024-00246023-00246139 with us on how
EEHGAYwLSUM-01025-00246140-00246471 can support more people Polly McNeil
EEHGAYwLSUM-01026-00246471-00246736 almost one-quarter people are already
EEHGAYwLSUM-01027-00246737-00246985 living in fear poverty but on April the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01028-00246986-00247204 first more than 1 million households in
EEHGAYwLSUM-01029-00247205-00247542 Scotland are looking at an average 110
EEHGAYwLSUM-01030-00247544-00247786 pounds increase a year rise in their
EEHGAYwLSUM-01031-00247787-00248065 bills after the energy walk watchdog
EEHGAYwLSUM-01032-00248066-00248281 often increase the cap for those on the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01033-00248282-00248437 default otherwise known as the variable
EEHGAYwLSUM-01034-00248438-00248694 tariff equations whether or not you can
EEHGAYwLSUM-01035-00248696-00248857 argue this account any longer but the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01036-00248858-00249090 energy companies are supposed to have a
EEHGAYwLSUM-01037-00249091-00249376 priority services register but there's
EEHGAYwLSUM-01038-00249377-00249586 currently no standard qualifying
EEHGAYwLSUM-01039-00249587-00249814 criteria for a vulnerable household I'm
EEHGAYwLSUM-01040-00249815-00250033 pleased that the First Minister has said
EEHGAYwLSUM-01041-00250034-00250216 that she has written to the big six
EEHGAYwLSUM-01042-00250217-00250513 companies will she further pressurised
EEHGAYwLSUM-01043-00250514-00250678 them to ensure that they do have a
EEHGAYwLSUM-01044-00250679-00250927 strategy for vulnerable customers and
EEHGAYwLSUM-01045-00250928-00251146 try to force to take them on the highest
EEHGAYwLSUM-01046-00251146-00251669 tariffs to protect their interests mr.
EEHGAYwLSUM-01047-00251671-00251902 Neil I gave us a point of it the cap the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01048-00251903-00252031 cap is controlled by the UK government
EEHGAYwLSUM-01049-00252032-00252289 we don't have control over that but yes
EEHGAYwLSUM-01050-00252290-00252469 we will continue to engage with the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01051-00252469-00252682 energy companies to persuade and
EEHGAYwLSUM-01052-00252683-00252958 encourage them to do everything they can
EEHGAYwLSUM-01053-00252959-00253138 to help vulnerable customers and we'll
EEHGAYwLSUM-01054-00253139-00253306 take whatever other action we can within
EEHGAYwLSUM-01055-00253307-00253582 our power to help vulnerable customers
EEHGAYwLSUM-01056-00253583-00253792 because the increases that she has
EEHGAYwLSUM-01057-00253792-00253936 referred to are completely and utterly
EEHGAYwLSUM-01058-00253937-00254275 unacceptable question number seven Ross
EEHGAYwLSUM-01059-00254276-00254544 cRIO thank you to a Scottish attest
EEHGAYwLSUM-01060-00254546-00254653 First Minister what the Scottish
EEHGAYwLSUM-01061-00254654-00254782 Government's responses to the youth
EEHGAYwLSUM-01062-00254783-00255166 straight-4 climate climate change can
EEHGAYwLSUM-01063-00255167-00255321 sometimes I think seem overwhelming but
EEHGAYwLSUM-01064-00255323-00255550 I think we should all be optimistic both
EEHGAYwLSUM-01065-00255551-00255723 about Scotland record and almost half in
EEHGAYwLSUM-01066-00255725-00255934 our emissions and the actions of young
EEHGAYwLSUM-01067-00255935-00256135 people last week given the impact
EEHGAYwLSUM-01068-00256136-00256296 climate change will have on young people
EEHGAYwLSUM-01069-00256298-00256435 is essential that we listen to them
EEHGAYwLSUM-01070-00256436-00256621 carefully I'd certainly be happy to meet
EEHGAYwLSUM-01071-00256621-00256773 with the students and I've asked my
EEHGAYwLSUM-01072-00256775-00257026 officials to work with them to try to
EEHGAYwLSUM-01073-00257027-00257236 facilitate that the targets proposed in
EEHGAYwLSUM-01074-00257237-00257389 our climate change bill means Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-01075-00257390-00257641 will be carbon neutral by 2050 last week
EEHGAYwLSUM-01076-00257642-00257767 the Committee on climate changed
EEHGAYwLSUM-01077-00257767-00257956 informed us that their next advice on
EEHGAYwLSUM-01078-00257957-00258175 targets will be published on the second
EEHGAYwLSUM-01079-00258176-00258361 of me if they say that we can now
EEHGAYwLSUM-01080-00258362-00258573 responsibly and credibly say today to
EEHGAYwLSUM-01081-00258575-00258769 achieve net zero emissions of all
EEHGAYwLSUM-01082-00258769-00259053 greenhouse gases then we will do so
EEHGAYwLSUM-01083-00259054-00259387 Austria I thank the First Minister for
EEHGAYwLSUM-01084-00259388-00259513 that answer and for her words of
EEHGAYwLSUM-01085-00259514-00259630 support for the young people to
EEHGAYwLSUM-01086-00259631-00259804 extraction both on the day itself and
EEHGAYwLSUM-01087-00259805-00260017 today but as the First Minister herself
EEHGAYwLSUM-01088-00260017-00260134 was previously acknowledged we're well
EEHGAYwLSUM-01089-00260135-00260292 beyond the point where words are
EEHGAYwLSUM-01090-00260294-00260488 sufficient to deal with this crisis the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01091-00260489-00260629 young people that I was with in Glasgow
EEHGAYwLSUM-01092-00260630-00260866 on Friday had one key demand keep it in
EEHGAYwLSUM-01093-00260867-00261100 the ground so on their behalf class the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01094-00261101-00261267 First Minister if she acknowledges if
EEHGAYwLSUM-01095-00261269-00261427 the Scottish government acknowledged the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01096-00261428-00261673 indisputable scientific reality that the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01097-00261673-00261838 overwhelming majority of all gas
EEHGAYwLSUM-01098-00261839-00262012 reserves in the North Sea and elsewhere
EEHGAYwLSUM-01099-00262013-00262408 must stay there unburnt Minister well we
EEHGAYwLSUM-01100-00262409-00262552 certainly understand the importance of
EEHGAYwLSUM-01101-00262553-00262744 the transition from fossil fuels to a
EEHGAYwLSUM-01102-00262745-00262930 carbon neutral economy and we support
EEHGAYwLSUM-01103-00262931-00263161 that in so many different ways at the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01104-00263162-00263374 heart of our proposals of course is the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01105-00263375-00263671 concept of just transition to make sure
EEHGAYwLSUM-01106-00263672-00263836 that workers in one industry are not
EEHGAYwLSUM-01107-00263837-00264010 left behind as we make that transition
EEHGAYwLSUM-01108-00264011-00264322 and I absolutely hope that all members
EEHGAYwLSUM-01109-00264323-00264532 in this chamber would understand the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01110-00264533-00264736 importance of getting that balance right
EEHGAYwLSUM-01111-00264737-00264985 but absolutely in terms of tackling
EEHGAYwLSUM-01112-00264986-00265135 climate change there is no bigger
EEHGAYwLSUM-01113-00265136-00265306 priority that Scotland is already
EEHGAYwLSUM-01114-00265307-00265516 leading the way and we want to make sure
EEHGAYwLSUM-01115-00265517-00265819 we continue to do so thank you very much
EEHGAYwLSUM-01116-00265820-00265948 that concludes First Minister's
EEHGAYwLSUM-01117-00265949-00266086 questions and could I thank the First
EEHGAYwLSUM-01118-00266087-00266260 Minister and most of the contributors
EEHGAYwLSUM-01119-00266261-00266515 for the brevity we're going to move on
EEHGAYwLSUM-01120-00266516-00266827 to members business in the name of Jimmy
EEHGAYwLSUM-01121-00266828-00267040 Green on delivering sustainable and
EEHGAYwLSUM-01122-00267041-00267241 renewable transportation for Scotland
EEHGAYwLSUM-01123-00267242-00267409 but we'll just take a few moments that
EEHGAYwLSUM-01124-00267410-00267595 will have a short suspension while the
EEHGAYwLSUM-01125-00267596-00267751 member and ministers and the gallery
EEHGAYwLSUM-01126-00267752-00268117 changes a short suspension
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00000-00000006-00000238 hey guys it's your girl Vanessa here
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00001-00000239-00000497 welcome back to another video today's
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00002-00000498-00000839 video is an amazing DIY leave-in
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00003-00000840-00001054 conditioner that can help you grow your
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00004-00001055-00001366 hair faster and also give you guys
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00005-00001367-00001625 increased thickness so if your hair is
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00006-00001626-00001930 thinning out or just seems to be lacking
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00007-00001932-00002255 volume trust me after you've used this
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00008-00002256-00002500 leave-in conditioner I promise you that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00009-00002501-00002657 you will notice that your hair will have
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00010-00002658-00002933 so much volume it really helps to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00011-00002934-00003179 thicken the hair and can also help to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00012-00003180-00003413 speed up hair hair growth so if you're
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00013-00003414-00003599 interested please be sure to keep on
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00014-00003600-00003767 watching and make sure you watch till
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00015-00003768-00003977 the end so you don't miss out on any
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00016-00003978-00004319 useful information and yeah let's hop
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00017-00004320-00004570 right into the video
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00018-00004571-00004829 okay guys so our first ingredient will
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00019-00004830-00005141 be some ground coffee I got this for my
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00020-00005142-00005381 grocery store if you got instant coffee
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00021-00005382-00005656 please feel free to use that as long as
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00022-00005657-00005843 it's got caffeine in it because
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00023-00005844-00006052 essentially it's the caffeine that is
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00024-00006053-00006311 active ingredient in the coffee now
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00025-00006312-00006563 coffee helps to stimulate hair follicles
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00026-00006564-00006863 and also can help to speed up hair
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00027-00006864-00007078 growth the caffeine also helps to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00028-00007079-00007270 improve the blood circulation to the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00029-00007272-00007559 scalp which in turns allows nutrients to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00030-00007559-00007775 reach your scalp more efficiently and
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00031-00007776-00008045 this can result in quicker and healthier
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00032-00008045-00008314 hair growth so I used about one
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00033-00008315-00008567 tablespoons of coffee and then I added
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00034-00008568-00008723 some hot water and I'm just going to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00035-00008724-00009053 allow it to infuse while I prep the next
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00036-00009054-00009353 ingredient so next we have some flax
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00037-00009354-00009706 seeds now flaxseed helps to thicken the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00038-00009707-00009899 hair guys it adds a lot of volume
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00039-00009900-00010337 because it contains protein so flaxseed
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00040-00010338-00010573 can help grow your hair faster and
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00041-00010574-00010817 longaber providing the nourishment that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00042-00010818-00011135 your hair follicles and actually need it
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00043-00011136-00011399 also contains vitamin E which provides
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00044-00011400-00011609 nutrition for the scalp and helps to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00045-00011610-00011909 reduce free radical damage so I used a
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00046-00011910-00012142 few tablespoons of the flax seeds guys
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00047-00012143-00012281 and everything will be in the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00048-00012282-00012496 description box down below as far as
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00049-00012497-00012731 measurements are concerned next we're
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00050-00012732-00013066 going in with some fresh Rosemary now
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00051-00013067-00013408 Rosemary also has been shown to help a
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00052-00013409-00013666 lot when it comes to stimulating new
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00053-00013668-00013901 high growth just because it increases
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00054-00013902-00014075 the blood flow to the scalp which just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00055-00014076-00014249 means it brings more nutrients more
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00056-00014250-00014507 oxygen to your follicles which can in
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00057-00014508-00014747 turn help to speed up the hike off
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00058-00014747-00015115 process so I added a little bit of the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00059-00015116-00015575 Rosemary to the flax seeds next I will
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00060-00015576-00015857 be straining the coffee into the same
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00061-00015858-00016157 pan in which we have the flax seeds and
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00062-00016158-00016421 the Rosemary because we'll be using the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00063-00016422-00016661 coffee wool to boil oil the flax
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00064-00016662-00016972 seeds so because I'm using coffee powder
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00065-00016973-00017249 I prefer to use
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00066-00017250-00017465 um you know a paper towel from the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00067-00017466-00017722 kitchen just because it just allows me
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00068-00017723-00018029 to remove all of the powder essentially
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00069-00018030-00018275 I find out when you use the recap
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00070-00018276-00018563 because the wig cap has like you know
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00071-00018564-00018749 tiny little holes Sometimes some of the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00072-00018750-00018941 powder can get through so if you've got
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00073-00018942-00019150 coffee filter it will be absolutely fine
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00074-00019151-00019355 to use as well
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00075-00019356-00019577 um or if you want to use a recap guys
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00076-00019578-00019775 you may have to double it to perhaps try
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00077-00019776-00020057 doubling it and it can help you prevent
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00078-00020058-00020279 you know any of the powder to get into
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00079-00020280-00020633 the mixture so after we've strained the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00080-00020634-00020986 coffee into the pan we're gonna go ahead
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00081-00020987-00021322 and pop it on the stove and allow it to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00082-00021323-00021863 boil for just a little bit
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00083-00021864-00022163 thank you
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00084-00022164-00022463 now I realized that the water was a
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00085-00022464-00022697 little bit too small guys so I'm adding
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00086-00022698-00023069 some extra water just because you know
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00087-00023070-00023285 um it was not going to be enough to boil
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00088-00023286-00023663 this so if you want your overall mixture
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00089-00023664-00023903 to be really thick then perhaps don't
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00090-00023904-00024221 add as much water and also allow this
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00091-00024222-00024521 mixture to boil for a little bit longer
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00092-00024522-00024785 so until it's like properly reduced
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00093-00024786-00025030 essentially you know it's ready when
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00094-00025031-00025241 your water becomes slimy just like I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00095-00025242-00025408 showed you guys there so you want to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00096-00025409-00025547 turn off your stove and we're going to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00097-00025548-00025756 go ahead and strain it while it is still
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00098-00025757-00026081 hot so for this I'm using a recap just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00099-00026082-00026345 because the flax seeds are a bit larger
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00100-00026345-00026627 and is unlikely to get through
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00101-00026627-00026795 um so just pour the mixture on there
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00102-00026795-00026974 while it's still hot it just makes the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00103-00026975-00027196 process of straining just that little
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00104-00027197-00027461 bit easier you can still strain even
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00105-00027462-00027683 when it has cooled down but just bear in
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00106-00027683-00027983 mind that this will become a gel so it
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00107-00027983-00028133 might be just a little bit harder to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00108-00028133-00028720 strain but it's still doable
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00109-00028722-00029033 so this is what it looks like while it's
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00110-00029033-00029273 still hot so it's still in its liquid
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00111-00029274-00029537 form and once it has completely cooled
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00112-00029538-00029729 down we should allow it to cool down
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00113-00029730-00030070 guys before using it turns into a gel
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00114-00030072-00030370 and trust me this thing is really really
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00115-00030372-00030539 good when it comes to giving your hair
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00116-00030539-00030905 moisture and also you know just helping
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00117-00030906-00031096 with your hair thickness so I'm going to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00118-00031097-00031312 be adding just a little bit of Glycerin
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00119-00031313-00031583 in this but again feel free to use
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00120-00031583-00031949 avocado oil rapeseed oil even olive oil
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00121-00031950-00032152 that's all you have now the thing with
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00122-00032154-00032435 glycerin is that it helps to draw the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00123-00032436-00032608 moisture from the atmosphere into your
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00124-00032610-00032758 hair guys so it's really good at just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00125-00032760-00033065 keeping the moisture in your hair so I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00126-00033066-00033262 used a little bit of that and I'm just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00127-00033263-00033527 mixing everything until everything is
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00128-00033528-00033743 nice and combined and then we're gonna
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00129-00033744-00034109 go ahead and transfer this into amazing
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00130-00034110-00034385 jar so this can store in your fridge for
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00131-00034386-00034631 up to two weeks guys depending on your
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00132-00034632-00034835 fridge temperature or you can make
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00133-00034836-00035093 batches if you want to and freeze and do
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00134-00035094-00035507 fast and use as in when is needed so if
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00135-00035508-00035668 you made it to this point of the video
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00136-00035669-00035849 guys and you still haven't liked it
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00137-00035850-00036029 please go ahead and give the video a
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00138-00036030-00036245 like I would really appreciate that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00139-00036246-00036515 because it really helps my videos out so
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00140-00036516-00036911 here it is very simple easy and quick to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00141-00036912-00037259 make yet super super effective so in the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00142-00037260-00037390 next slide I'm going to show you guys
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00143-00037391-00037643 how to use this and talk a little bit
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00144-00037644-00037883 more about how often you can use this as
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00145-00037884-00038411 well to see results so keep on watching
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00146-00038412-00038735 okay guys so now we are on to the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00147-00038736-00038933 application process it's very very
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00148-00038934-00039233 simple you would use this as a leave-in
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00149-00039234-00039418 conditioner or as you would use any
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00150-00039419-00039815 other leave-in conditioner so usually I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00151-00039816-00040030 work on my hand sections just because it
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00152-00040031-00040217 makes the process just that little bit
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00153-00040218-00040505 easier for me and also it just helps me
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00154-00040506-00040757 to minimize unnecessary
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00155-00040758-00041057 um Tangos which can then lead on to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00156-00041058-00041333 breakage essentially so after I put this
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00157-00041334-00041507 more texture of my hair I did just a bit
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00158-00041508-00041674 of finger detangling and then I'm
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00159-00041675-00041957 working this throughout my hair so I'm
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00160-00041958-00042149 going to make sure that the whole hair
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00161-00042150-00042412 is saturated so from the tips all the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00162-00042413-00042665 way to the end you can also apply this
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00163-00042666-00042851 to your scalp guys it doesn't really
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00164-00042852-00043145 give you scalp build up like that so
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00165-00043146-00043339 it's really really good in that regard
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00166-00043340-00043661 so yeah apply it to your scalp so you
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00167-00043662-00043973 can reap the benefits that this can
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00168-00043974-00044165 provide for you when it comes to like
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00169-00044166-00044440 just giving you a nice healthy scalp
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00170-00044441-00044596 which is super important when it comes
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00171-00044597-00044890 to Growing healthy hair so after I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00172-00044891-00045071 finish working it through my hair guys
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00173-00045072-00045383 I'm going in with a white tooth comb to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00174-00045384-00045611 properly detangle my hair now the one
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00175-00045612-00045779 thing that you're going to find while
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00176-00045780-00046018 using this is that the tangling is super
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00177-00046019-00046373 easy and not a lot of hair falls out at
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00178-00046374-00046595 all so it's really really nice in that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00179-00046596-00046937 regard now flax seeds in General also
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00180-00046938-00047171 can help a lot when it comes to
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00181-00047172-00047368 thickening your hair so if it's used on
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00182-00047369-00047621 a regular basis you will most definitely
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00183-00047622-00047861 notice that your hair is getting thicker
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00184-00047862-00048065 now the one thing you have to be aware
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00185-00048066-00048317 of is that it contains protein so if
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00186-00048318-00048611 you're protein sensitive guys please do
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00187-00048612-00048946 not use it as often so I would say
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00188-00048947-00049180 listen to your hair usually your hair
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00189-00049181-00049451 tells you exactly what you need so the
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00190-00049452-00049679 thing we're putting overload is it has
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00191-00049680-00049889 the opposite effect so instead of giving
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00192-00049890-00050123 your high volume and you know helping
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00193-00050124-00050315 with hair growth it just breaks like
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00194-00050316-00050495 your heart gets super dry and it just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00195-00050496-00050711 wakes which is essentially not what we
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00196-00050712-00050962 want so that's what's important that you
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00197-00050963-00051112 make sure that you're not protein
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00198-00051113-00051299 sensitive sometimes it's better to do a
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00199-00051300-00051502 patch test first to see how your hair
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00200-00051503-00051719 reacts to this now I would suggest that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00201-00051720-00052001 you use this once every week if you're
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00202-00052002-00052252 not quoting sensitive or once every two
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00203-00052253-00052607 weeks if you are and essentially just
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00204-00052608-00052853 repeat it on a consistent basis and I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00205-00052854-00052985 promise you guys you will notice that
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00206-00052986-00053279 your hair is getting so much thicker so
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00207-00053279-00053579 this brings me to the end of the video I
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00208-00053579-00053782 hope that you guys have enjoyed watching
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00209-00053783-00054011 if you did please thumbs up the video
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00210-00054012-00054269 also subscribe the channel guys if
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00211-00054270-00054461 you're not already and I'll catch you in
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00212-00054462-00054635 the next one thanks for watching until
EGjnlnrkiJ0-00213-00054636-00054955 next time bye
EGKL0pXcMDg-00000-00000041-00000398 here is we have this example find the
EGKL0pXcMDg-00001-00000399-00000757 integral of 2 Ln of X divided by X with
EGKL0pXcMDg-00002-00000758-00001118 respect to X and integral bounds from 1
EGKL0pXcMDg-00003-00001119-00001504 to 2 you plan for that so we will
EGKL0pXcMDg-00004-00001505-00001979 substitute right away for Ln of X that's
EGKL0pXcMDg-00005-00001980-00002645 our u so it will be u equals Ln of X
EGKL0pXcMDg-00006-00002646-00002957 then find the derivative with respect to
EGKL0pXcMDg-00007-00002958-00003361 X what's derivative Ln of X remember
EGKL0pXcMDg-00008-00003361-00003779 it's 1 over X then when you cross
EGKL0pXcMDg-00009-00003779-00004045 multiply you're gonna find G u equals 1
EGKL0pXcMDg-00010-00004046-00004565 times DX is DX over X or 1 over X DX
EGKL0pXcMDg-00011-00004566-00004954 it's missing so we substitute all these
EGKL0pXcMDg-00012-00004955-00005375 values your U and D you so go back to
EGKL0pXcMDg-00013-00005376-00005677 our integral so write the integral
EGKL0pXcMDg-00014-00005678-00006113 simple don't write the new bounds ok
EGKL0pXcMDg-00015-00006114-00006299 because the new bounds will be for you
EGKL0pXcMDg-00016-00006300-00006742 not for X this is for X 1 & 2 for X we
EGKL0pXcMDg-00017-00006743-00007228 need to find what's for you now go to Ln
EGKL0pXcMDg-00018-00007229-00007717 X substitute for it will be u & 2 over X
EGKL0pXcMDg-00019-00007718-00007994 just move to outsides 1 left
EGKL0pXcMDg-00020-00007995-00008746 will 1 over X DX is d you the new bounds
EGKL0pXcMDg-00021-00008747-00009049 to find the new bounds you plug in 1 & 2
EGKL0pXcMDg-00022-00009050-00009392 and the value of of u which is Ln of X
EGKL0pXcMDg-00023-00009393-00009853 so u 1 equals substitute one would be Ln
EGKL0pXcMDg-00024-00009854-00010295 of 1 which is 0 if you don't know that
EGKL0pXcMDg-00025-00010296-00010599 Ln of 1 equals 0 even have calculator
EGKL0pXcMDg-00026-00010600-00011171 here's look Ln has base of e and you
EGKL0pXcMDg-00027-00011172-00011492 need to find Ln of 1 and now this is the
EGKL0pXcMDg-00028-00011493-00011845 base and this is the exponent e exponent
EGKL0pXcMDg-00029-00011846-00012331 what equals 1 okay I heard you
EGKL0pXcMDg-00030-00012332-00012560 it's 0 e exponent 0 and a number
EGKL0pXcMDg-00031-00012561-00012916 exponent 0 equals 1 so the value of Ln
EGKL0pXcMDg-00032-00012917-00013060 of 1 Israel
EGKL0pXcMDg-00033-00013061-00013453 and YouTube you - you plug it into then
EGKL0pXcMDg-00034-00013454-00013869 it will be lmf - ah you don't have to
EGKL0pXcMDg-00035-00013871-00014146 diverse fractions so it's just Ln of 2 &
EGKL0pXcMDg-00036-00014147-00014407 0 so the new balance will be from zero
EGKL0pXcMDg-00037-00014408-00014841 to Ln of 2 let's start to integrate
EGKL0pXcMDg-00038-00014843-00015265 integrates you it will be u square over
EGKL0pXcMDg-00039-00015266-00015681 2 and we have 2 outside and to cancel -
EGKL0pXcMDg-00040-00015682-00015994 so the integral result will be u Square
EGKL0pXcMDg-00041-00015994-00016654 and the new pounds from 0 to Ln of 2 you
EGKL0pXcMDg-00042-00016655-00016966 plug it in Ln of 2 will be Ln of 2
EGKL0pXcMDg-00043-00016967-00017485 squared minus e BloodRayne 0 0 square
EGKL0pXcMDg-00044-00017486-00017716 you know 0 so the result of that would
EGKL0pXcMDg-00045-00017717-00018178 be Ln of 2 squared you want to find the
EGKL0pXcMDg-00046-00018179-00018453 value of this go to your calculator and
EGKL0pXcMDg-00047-00018454-00019105 here's Ln of 2 squared enter would be
EGKL0pXcMDg-00048-00019106-00019477 point four eight remember that ok
EGKL0pXcMDg-00049-00019478-00019831 remember this if you want if you want to
EGKL0pXcMDg-00050-00019832-00020262 find that graphically just press graph y
EGKL0pXcMDg-00051-00020263-00020619 clear your Y any data and then type the
EGKL0pXcMDg-00052-00020620-00021222 function here - Ln of X Ln of X close it
EGKL0pXcMDg-00053-00021223-00021685 divided by X to find the integral just
EGKL0pXcMDg-00054-00021686-00022372 press 2nd trace 7 the function function
EGKL0pXcMDg-00055-00022373-00022867 is draft and the lower bound is 1 enter
EGKL0pXcMDg-00056-00022868-00023299 and then to enter you see what is the
EGKL0pXcMDg-00057-00023300-00023785 value is point 4 8 exactly
EIkZi2V24aU-00000-00000024-00000335 aloha youtube this is your boy crypto
EIkZi2V24aU-00001-00000336-00000519 roots and i'm back at it again
EIkZi2V24aU-00002-00000520-00000734 and i'm spitting mo [__] crypto
EIkZi2V24aU-00003-00000735-00000966 game at sunset up in mexico
EIkZi2V24aU-00004-00000967-00001135 shout out to all my new subscribers i
EIkZi2V24aU-00005-00001136-00001278 really do appreciate it
EIkZi2V24aU-00006-00001279-00001423 and i just want to put this out there
EIkZi2V24aU-00007-00001424-00001663 man inflation is not a bad word
EIkZi2V24aU-00008-00001664-00001791 it's not a bad word we've been
EIkZi2V24aU-00009-00001792-00001959 programmed to think it's a bad word
EIkZi2V24aU-00010-00001960-00002126 because the government does it
EIkZi2V24aU-00011-00002127-00002295 right whatever the government does we
EIkZi2V24aU-00012-00002296-00002455 think it's bad but what they don't tell
EIkZi2V24aU-00013-00002456-00002583 you is there's a burn rate
EIkZi2V24aU-00014-00002584-00002734 what's a burn rate that's money being
EIkZi2V24aU-00015-00002735-00002918 taken off the system that's going to be
EIkZi2V24aU-00016-00002919-00003166 taken out right so the way they burn the
EIkZi2V24aU-00017-00003167-00003343 us dollars by taxing you
EIkZi2V24aU-00018-00003344-00003486 they put the they print the money they
EIkZi2V24aU-00019-00003488-00003663 put it out there but they tax you that's
EIkZi2V24aU-00020-00003664-00003790 the way they take it back
EIkZi2V24aU-00021-00003792-00003943 and that's how the strengthens the
EIkZi2V24aU-00022-00003944-00004143 dollar balances the system out
EIkZi2V24aU-00023-00004144-00004286 and you understand this when you start
EIkZi2V24aU-00024-00004287-00004486 designing your own decentralized
EIkZi2V24aU-00025-00004487-00004654 blockchain ecosystems
EIkZi2V24aU-00026-00004655-00004983 right so inflation
EIkZi2V24aU-00027-00004984-00005167 just so you're aware it encourages
EIkZi2V24aU-00028-00005168-00005359 spending but discourages saving
EIkZi2V24aU-00029-00005360-00005518 because the longer you hold on to it the
EIkZi2V24aU-00030-00005519-00005718 less valuable it's going to get right
EIkZi2V24aU-00031-00005719-00005902 but deflationary currencies such as
EIkZi2V24aU-00032-00005903-00006111 bitcoin they encourage saving discourage
EIkZi2V24aU-00033-00006112-00006175 spending
EIkZi2V24aU-00034-00006176-00006334 why would i spend it now when i know it
EIkZi2V24aU-00035-00006335-00006478 could be worth more on the mar worth
EIkZi2V24aU-00036-00006479-00006614 more tomorrow because there's only a
EIkZi2V24aU-00037-00006615-00006710 limited amount
EIkZi2V24aU-00038-00006711-00006878 but people don't realize that bitcoin
EIkZi2V24aU-00039-00006879-00007023 even has an inflation rate
EIkZi2V24aU-00040-00007023-00007239 that's the block reward all the bitcoin
EIkZi2V24aU-00041-00007240-00007439 that you get that's that's more bitcoin
EIkZi2V24aU-00042-00007440-00007631 being created and thrown onto the market
EIkZi2V24aU-00043-00007631-00007806 right so the last bitcoin will be mined
EIkZi2V24aU-00044-00007808-00007998 in the year 2140.
EIkZi2V24aU-00045-00008000-00008310 people don't understand this right so
EIkZi2V24aU-00046-00008311-00008535 when and ethereum has a doesn't have a
EIkZi2V24aU-00047-00008536-00008759 hard cap there's a two ethereum award
EIkZi2V24aU-00048-00008760-00008910 for every block you find
EIkZi2V24aU-00049-00008911-00009151 and that that's done to keep adding more
EIkZi2V24aU-00050-00009152-00009342 uh more ethereum into the system but
EIkZi2V24aU-00051-00009343-00009606 there's so much ethereum being locked up
EIkZi2V24aU-00052-00009607-00009774 when you lock up when you put it into a
EIkZi2V24aU-00053-00009775-00009871 cdp vault
EIkZi2V24aU-00054-00009872-00010063 when you lock it up and lend it out when
EIkZi2V24aU-00055-00010064-00010199 you do when you stake your
EIkZi2V24aU-00056-00010200-00010446 assets you're taking money away off the
EIkZi2V24aU-00057-00010447-00010503 market
EIkZi2V24aU-00058-00010504-00010799 it's a simple supply and demand so yeah
EIkZi2V24aU-00059-00010800-00010942 ethereum may have a
EIkZi2V24aU-00060-00010943-00011119 an inflationary rate that doesn't have
EIkZi2V24aU-00061-00011120-00011246 hard cap but if
EIkZi2V24aU-00062-00011247-00011399 more ethereum ethereum's being locked up
EIkZi2V24aU-00063-00011400-00011599 being tooken off the market uh
EIkZi2V24aU-00064-00011600-00011806 then it would increase the value right
EIkZi2V24aU-00065-00011807-00011910 so having
EIkZi2V24aU-00066-00011911-00012167 inflation is not a bad thing and as far
EIkZi2V24aU-00067-00012168-00012263 as uni
EIkZi2V24aU-00068-00012264-00012487 uni has it well after they issue their
EIkZi2V24aU-00069-00012488-00012599 one billion unit
EIkZi2V24aU-00070-00012600-00012759 they howl they will have a two percent
EIkZi2V24aU-00071-00012760-00012951 inflation rate why is that
EIkZi2V24aU-00072-00012952-00013158 but that's that's to discourage people
EIkZi2V24aU-00073-00013159-00013335 not doing anything with their uni
EIkZi2V24aU-00074-00013336-00013558 uni is a governance token so if you do
EIkZi2V24aU-00075-00013559-00013711 nothing with your uni
EIkZi2V24aU-00076-00013712-00013951 you get tax essentially but if you
EIkZi2V24aU-00077-00013952-00014135 invest if you vote if you do things with
EIkZi2V24aU-00078-00014136-00014199 your uni
EIkZi2V24aU-00079-00014200-00014399 you're gonna beat out that two percent
EIkZi2V24aU-00080-00014400-00014671 every year so it encourages action
EIkZi2V24aU-00081-00014672-00014871 encourages spending right so they got
EIkZi2V24aU-00082-00014872-00014983 this new thing called
EIkZi2V24aU-00083-00014984-00015199 circles where you got to get trusted by
EIkZi2V24aU-00084-00015200-00015366 three people to join that's the only way
EIkZi2V24aU-00085-00015368-00015519 you can join you got to get trusted by
EIkZi2V24aU-00086-00015519-00015607 three people
EIkZi2V24aU-00087-00015608-00015775 and they it's like a universal basic
EIkZi2V24aU-00088-00015776-00015927 income but for crypto
EIkZi2V24aU-00089-00015928-00016079 right i'll leave a link out down in the
EIkZi2V24aU-00090-00016080-00016294 description right but they have a seven
EIkZi2V24aU-00091-00016295-00016422 percent inflation rate
EIkZi2V24aU-00092-00016423-00016599 why because they want you to spend the
EIkZi2V24aU-00093-00016600-00016767 money even though they're giving it to
EIkZi2V24aU-00094-00016768-00016958 you for free they want you to spend it
EIkZi2V24aU-00095-00016959-00017135 so they're going to inflate it so that
EIkZi2V24aU-00096-00017136-00017271 if you hold on to it becomes less
EIkZi2V24aU-00097-00017272-00017422 valuable so if you spend it now it'll be
EIkZi2V24aU-00098-00017423-00017511 more valuable
EIkZi2V24aU-00099-00017512-00017735 so there's it's all token economics man
EIkZi2V24aU-00100-00017736-00017919 it's all depends on what you want what
EIkZi2V24aU-00101-00017920-00018086 you want people to do how do you move
EIkZi2V24aU-00102-00018087-00018135 people
EIkZi2V24aU-00103-00018136-00018335 how do you incentivize people to do
EIkZi2V24aU-00104-00018336-00018558 things you do that with deflationary and
EIkZi2V24aU-00105-00018559-00018647 inflationary
EIkZi2V24aU-00106-00018648-00018814 ample fourth is a great example it's
EIkZi2V24aU-00107-00018815-00018975 both at the same time it's an
EIkZi2V24aU-00108-00018976-00019143 inflationary currency when it needs to
EIkZi2V24aU-00109-00019144-00019191 be
EIkZi2V24aU-00110-00019192-00019383 and it's a deflationary current currency
EIkZi2V24aU-00111-00019384-00019535 when it needs to be it's called elastic
EIkZi2V24aU-00112-00019536-00019607 supply
EIkZi2V24aU-00113-00019608-00019903 so these terms aren't bad none of this
EIkZi2V24aU-00114-00019904-00019967 is negative
EIkZi2V24aU-00115-00019968-00020191 it's all just the way you can use the
EIkZi2V24aU-00116-00020192-00020286 system and
EIkZi2V24aU-00117-00020287-00020503 incentivize people to get things done to
EIkZi2V24aU-00118-00020504-00020743 move to to create value to spend value
EIkZi2V24aU-00119-00020744-00020807 right
EIkZi2V24aU-00120-00020808-00021047 so you got to be open you got to be open
EIkZi2V24aU-00121-00021048-00021150 to currencies
EIkZi2V24aU-00122-00021151-00021311 that you weren't really aware of and you
EIkZi2V24aU-00123-00021312-00021486 got to study more about your currency to
EIkZi2V24aU-00124-00021487-00021655 understand how it really works
EIkZi2V24aU-00125-00021656-00021878 inflation is not a bad thing hit me up
EIkZi2V24aU-00126-00021879-00022055 for the mentorship i got you i'ma break
EIkZi2V24aU-00127-00022056-00022086 down
EIkZi2V24aU-00128-00022087-00022551 so much gain take it easy peace
EKiCAqyaREu-00000-00000080-00000173 [Music]
EKiCAqyaREu-00001-00000174-00000463 foreign
EKqeHghn_n8-00000-00000017-00000340 the Journal of physical chemistry a is a
EKqeHghn_n8-00001-00000341-00000548 scientific journal which reports
EKqeHghn_n8-00002-00000549-00000761 research on the chemistry of molecules
EKqeHghn_n8-00003-00000762-00001027 including their dynamics spectroscopy
EKqeHghn_n8-00004-00001028-00001358 kinetics structure bonding and quantum
EKqeHghn_n8-00005-00001359-00001682 chemistry it is published weekly by the
EKqeHghn_n8-00006-00001682-00002185 American Chemical Society prior to 1997
EKqeHghn_n8-00007-00002186-00002447 the title was simply Journal of physical
EKqeHghn_n8-00008-00002448-00002725 chemistry owing to the ever-growing
EKqeHghn_n8-00009-00002726-00003071 amount of research in the area in 1997
EKqeHghn_n8-00010-00003072-00003269 the journal was split into Journal of
EKqeHghn_n8-00011-00003270-00003460 physical chemistry a molecular
EKqeHghn_n8-00012-00003461-00003715 theoretical and experimental physical
EKqeHghn_n8-00013-00003717-00003917 chemistry and Journal of physical
EKqeHghn_n8-00014-00003918-00004184 chemistry B solid-state soft matter
EKqeHghn_n8-00015-00004185-00004679 liquids etc beginning in 2007 the latter
EKqeHghn_n8-00016-00004680-00004910 underwent a further split with Journal
EKqeHghn_n8-00017-00004911-00005117 of physical chemistry C now being
EKqeHghn_n8-00018-00005118-00005341 dedicated to the burgeoning fields of
EKqeHghn_n8-00019-00005342-00005615 nanotechnology molecular electronics and
EKqeHghn_n8-00020-00005616-00006299 related subjects
EKqeHghn_n8-00021-00006300-00006961 topic editors-in-chief
EKqeHghn_n8-00022-00006962-00007343 1896 to 1932 wilder Dwight Bancroft
EKqeHghn_n8-00023-00007344-00008083 Joseph E Trevor 1933 to 1951 SC Lind
EKqeHghn_n8-00024-00008084-00008720 1952 to 1964 William a noise 1965 to
EKqeHghn_n8-00025-00008721-00009448 1969 ft wall 1970 to 1980 Bryce Crawford
EKqeHghn_n8-00026-00009449-00010094 1980 to 2004 Mustafa Elsayed 2005 George
EKqeHghn_n8-00027-00010095-00010749 C Schatz
EKqeHghn_n8-00028-00010750-00011349 topic popular culture
EKqeHghn_n8-00029-00011350-00011637 The Big Bang Theory character Sheldon
EKqeHghn_n8-00030-00011638-00011859 Cooper fictionally appeared on the cover
EKqeHghn_n8-00031-00011860-00012531 of one of the journals
EKqeHghn_n8-00032-00012532-00013104 topic see also
EKqeHghn_n8-00033-00013105-00013518 Journal of physical chemistry B Journal
EKqeHghn_n8-00034-00013519-00013843 of physical chemistry C rush
EKqeHghn_n8-00035-00013844-00014206 Journal of physical chemistry a Russian
EKqeHghn_n8-00036-00014207-00014587 Journal of physical chemistry B physical
EKqeHghn_n8-00037-00014588-00015100 chemistry scientific journal
EpgleWSQh7E-00000-00000031-00000380 st. Augustine Spanish San Augustine is a
EpgleWSQh7E-00001-00000381-00000559 city in the southeastern United States
EpgleWSQh7E-00002-00000560-00000784 on the Atlantic coast of northeastern
EpgleWSQh7E-00003-00000785-00001150 Florida founded in 1565 by Spanish
EpgleWSQh7E-00004-00001151-00001373 explorers it is the oldest continuously
EpgleWSQh7E-00005-00001374-00001553 inhabited European established
EpgleWSQh7E-00006-00001554-00001709 settlement within the borders of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00007-00001710-00001913 continental United States the county
EpgleWSQh7E-00008-00001914-00002152 seat of st. Johns County st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00009-00002153-00002363 is part of Florida's first Coast region
EpgleWSQh7E-00010-00002364-00002563 in the Jacksonville metropolitan area
EpgleWSQh7E-00011-00002564-00002867 according to the 2010 census the city's
EpgleWSQh7E-00012-00002868-00003056 population was twelve thousand nine
EpgleWSQh7E-00013-00003057-00003331 hundred seventy five the United States
EpgleWSQh7E-00014-00003332-00003586 Census Bureau's 2013 estimate of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00015-00003588-00003844 city's population was thirteen thousand
EpgleWSQh7E-00016-00003845-00004081 679 while the urban area had a
EpgleWSQh7E-00017-00004082-00004495 population of seventy 1379 in 2012
EpgleWSQh7E-00018-00004496-00004754 Street Augustine was founded on
EpgleWSQh7E-00019-00004755-00005093 September 8 1565 by Spanish Admiral
EpgleWSQh7E-00020-00005094-00005345 Pedro menéndez de avilés Florida's first
EpgleWSQh7E-00021-00005346-00005629 governor he named the settlement San
EpgleWSQh7E-00022-00005630-00005915 Augustine as his ships bearing settlers
EpgleWSQh7E-00023-00005916-00006161 troops and supplies from Spain had first
EpgleWSQh7E-00024-00006162-00006361 sighted land in Florida eleven days
EpgleWSQh7E-00025-00006362-00006589 earlier on August 28th the feast day of
EpgleWSQh7E-00026-00006590-00006853 Saint Augustine the city served as the
EpgleWSQh7E-00027-00006854-00007123 capital of Spanish Florida for over 200
EpgleWSQh7E-00028-00007125-00007409 years it was designated as the capital
EpgleWSQh7E-00029-00007409-00007619 of British East Florida when the colony
EpgleWSQh7E-00030-00007620-00007901 was established in 1763 until it was
EpgleWSQh7E-00031-00007902-00008285 ceded to Spain in 1783 Spain ceded
EpgleWSQh7E-00032-00008286-00008591 Florida to the United States in 1819 and
EpgleWSQh7E-00033-00008592-00008821 st. Augustine was designated the capital
EpgleWSQh7E-00034-00008822-00008987 of the Florida Territory upon
EpgleWSQh7E-00035-00008988-00009209 ratification of the Adams onís treaty in
EpgleWSQh7E-00036-00009210-00009560 1821 the Florida National Guard made the
EpgleWSQh7E-00037-00009561-00009833 city its headquarters that same year the
EpgleWSQh7E-00038-00009834-00010019 territorial government moved and made
EpgleWSQh7E-00039-00010020-00010378 Tallahassee the capital in 1824 since
EpgleWSQh7E-00040-00010379-00010624 the late 19th century st. Augustine's
EpgleWSQh7E-00041-00010625-00010826 distinct historical character has made
EpgleWSQh7E-00042-00010827-00011521 the city a major tourist attraction
EpgleWSQh7E-00043-00011522-00012018 topic history
EpgleWSQh7E-00044-00012019-00012359 you
EpgleWSQh7E-00045-00012360-00012684 topic founding by Pedro menéndez de
EpgleWSQh7E-00046-00012685-00013362 avilés founded in 1565 by the Spanish
EpgleWSQh7E-00047-00013363-00013563 conquistador Pedro menéndez de avilés
EpgleWSQh7E-00048-00013563-00013785 Saint Augustine as the oldest
EpgleWSQh7E-00049-00013786-00013988 continuously occupied settlement of
EpgleWSQh7E-00050-00013990-00014211 European origin in the contiguous United
EpgleWSQh7E-00051-00014212-00014622 States in 1562 a group of Huguenots led
EpgleWSQh7E-00052-00014622-00014856 by jean Ribit arrived in spanish Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00053-00014857-00015060 to establish a colony in the territory
EpgleWSQh7E-00054-00015061-00015327 claimed by Spain they explored the mouth
EpgleWSQh7E-00055-00015328-00015528 of the st. Johns River calling it
EpgleWSQh7E-00056-00015529-00015729 lariviere de may the river may then
EpgleWSQh7E-00057-00015730-00015903 sailed northward and established a
EpgleWSQh7E-00058-00015904-00016091 settlement called Charles Ford at Port
EpgleWSQh7E-00059-00016093-00016257 Royal sound in present-day South
EpgleWSQh7E-00060-00016258-00016527 Carolina Spain learned of this French
EpgleWSQh7E-00061-00016528-00016737 expedition through its spies at ports on
EpgleWSQh7E-00062-00016738-00016971 the Atlantic coast of France the
EpgleWSQh7E-00063-00016972-00017172 Huguenots nobleman Rene de la Don the
EpgleWSQh7E-00064-00017173-00017334 heir who had participated in the
EpgleWSQh7E-00065-00017335-00017637 expedition returned to Florida in 1564
EpgleWSQh7E-00066-00017638-00017850 with three ships and 300 Huguenots
EpgleWSQh7E-00067-00017851-00018117 colonists he arrived at the mouth of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00068-00018118-00018486 river May On June 22nd 1564 sailed up it
EpgleWSQh7E-00069-00018487-00018758 a few miles and founded Fort Caroline
EpgleWSQh7E-00070-00018759-00018960 desiring to protect its claimed
EpgleWSQh7E-00071-00018961-00019167 territories in North America against
EpgleWSQh7E-00072-00019168-00019400 such incursions the Spanish crown issued
EpgleWSQh7E-00073-00019401-00019638 an asiento to Menendez signed by king
EpgleWSQh7E-00074-00019639-00020003 philip ii on March 28 1565 granting him
EpgleWSQh7E-00075-00020004-00020228 expansive trade privileges the power to
EpgleWSQh7E-00076-00020229-00020442 distribute lands and licenses to sell
EpgleWSQh7E-00077-00020443-00020703 500 slaves as well as various titles
EpgleWSQh7E-00078-00020704-00020940 including that of a dentata of Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00079-00020941-00021213 this contract directed menendez to sail
EpgleWSQh7E-00080-00021214-00021411 for La Florida reconnoitre it from the
EpgleWSQh7E-00081-00021412-00021627 Florida Keys to present-day Canada and
EpgleWSQh7E-00082-00021628-00021806 report on its coastal features with a
EpgleWSQh7E-00083-00021807-00021978 view to establishing a permanent
EpgleWSQh7E-00084-00021979-00022116 settlement for the defense of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00085-00022117-00022374 Spanish treasure fleet he was ordered as
EpgleWSQh7E-00086-00022375-00022560 well to drive away any intruders who
EpgleWSQh7E-00087-00022561-00022734 were not subjects of the Spanish crown
EpgleWSQh7E-00088-00022735-00023016 on July 28th Menendez set sail from
EpgleWSQh7E-00089-00023017-00023268 Cadiz with a fleet led by his 600 ton
EpgleWSQh7E-00090-00023269-00023499 flagship the San Pio accompanied by
EpgleWSQh7E-00091-00023500-00023718 several smaller ships and carrying over
EpgleWSQh7E-00092-00023719-00024012 1,000 sailors soldiers and settlers on
EpgleWSQh7E-00093-00024013-00024303 the feast day of st. Augustine August
EpgleWSQh7E-00094-00024304-00024546 28th the fleet sighted land and anchored
EpgleWSQh7E-00095-00024547-00024731 off the North inlet of the tidal channel
EpgleWSQh7E-00096-00024732-00024934 the French called the river of dolphins
EpgleWSQh7E-00097-00024935-00025161 Menendez then sailed north and
EpgleWSQh7E-00098-00025162-00025334 confronted Ribble's fleet outside the
EpgleWSQh7E-00099-00025335-00025578 bar of the river May in a brief skirmish
EpgleWSQh7E-00100-00025579-00025836 on September 6th he returned to the site
EpgleWSQh7E-00101-00025837-00026024 of his first landfall naming it after
EpgleWSQh7E-00102-00026025-00026208 the catholic saint disembarked his
EpgleWSQh7E-00103-00026208-00026379 troops and quickly constructed
EpgleWSQh7E-00104-00026380-00026592 fortifications to protect his people and
EpgleWSQh7E-00105-00026593-00026799 supplies Menendez then marched his
EpgleWSQh7E-00106-00026800-00026985 soldiers overland for a surprise attack
EpgleWSQh7E-00107-00026986-00027174 on Fort Caroline where they killed
EpgleWSQh7E-00108-00027175-00027368 almost everyone in the fort except for
EpgleWSQh7E-00109-00027369-00027620 the women and children Jean wriggled had
EpgleWSQh7E-00110-00027622-00027798 already put out to sea with his ships
EpgleWSQh7E-00111-00027799-00028005 for an assault on st. Augustine but was
EpgleWSQh7E-00112-00028006-00028182 surprised by a storm that wrecked his
EpgleWSQh7E-00113-00028183-00028443 ships further south informed by his
EpgleWSQh7E-00114-00028444-00028632 Indian allies that the survivors were
EpgleWSQh7E-00115-00028633-00028836 walking northward on the coast Menendez
EpgleWSQh7E-00116-00028837-00029007 began to search for the Frenchman who
EpgleWSQh7E-00117-00029008-00029171 had made it as far as the banks of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00118-00029172-00029430 Matanzas rivers south entrance there
EpgleWSQh7E-00119-00029431-00029610 they were confronted by the Spaniard and
EpgleWSQh7E-00120-00029611-00029762 his men on the opposite side
EpgleWSQh7E-00121-00029763-00030020 after several parlays with the Spanish
EpgleWSQh7E-00122-00030022-00030207 Jean rippled and the Frenchman with him
EpgleWSQh7E-00123-00030208-00030564 between 150 to 350 sources differ
EpgleWSQh7E-00124-00030564-00030732 surrendered almost all of them were
EpgleWSQh7E-00125-00030733-00030918 executed in the dunes near the inlet
EpgleWSQh7E-00126-00030919-00031139 thereafter called Matanzas Spanish for
EpgleWSQh7E-00127-00031141-00031562 slaughters in May 1566 as relations with
EpgleWSQh7E-00128-00031563-00031710 the neighboring Timucua Indians
EpgleWSQh7E-00129-00031711-00031952 deteriorated Menendez moved the Spanish
EpgleWSQh7E-00130-00031953-00032160 settlement to a more defensible position
EpgleWSQh7E-00131-00032161-00032337 on the north end of the barrier island
EpgleWSQh7E-00132-00032338-00032502 between the mainland and the sea and
EpgleWSQh7E-00133-00032502-00032874 built a wooden fort there in 1572 the
EpgleWSQh7E-00134-00032875-00033068 settlement was relocated to the mainland
EpgleWSQh7E-00135-00033069-00033264 in the area just south of the future
EpgleWSQh7E-00136-00033265-00033512 town plaza confident that he had
EpgleWSQh7E-00137-00033513-00033711 fulfilled the primary conditions of his
EpgleWSQh7E-00138-00033712-00033890 contract with the king including the
EpgleWSQh7E-00139-00033891-00034068 building of forts along the coast of La
EpgleWSQh7E-00140-00034069-00034301 Florida Menendez returned to Spain in
EpgleWSQh7E-00141-00034302-00034656 1567 after several more transatlantic
EpgleWSQh7E-00142-00034657-00034893 crossings Menendez fell ill and died on
EpgleWSQh7E-00143-00034894-00035627 September 17 1574
EpgleWSQh7E-00144-00035628-00035962 Topic invasions by pirates and enemies
EpgleWSQh7E-00145-00035963-00036344 of Spain
EpgleWSQh7E-00146-00036345-00036564 succeeding governors of the province
EpgleWSQh7E-00147-00036565-00036765 maintained a peaceful coexistence with
EpgleWSQh7E-00148-00036766-00036963 the local Native Americans allowing the
EpgleWSQh7E-00149-00036964-00037191 isolated outpost of st. Augustine some
EpgleWSQh7E-00150-00037192-00037521 stability for a few years on May 28 and
EpgleWSQh7E-00151-00037522-00037713 29 1586
EpgleWSQh7E-00152-00037714-00037926 soon after the anglo-spanish war began
EpgleWSQh7E-00153-00037927-00038124 between England and Spain the English
EpgleWSQh7E-00154-00038125-00038340 privateer Sir Francis Drake sacked and
EpgleWSQh7E-00155-00038341-00038610 burned st. Augustine the approach of his
EpgleWSQh7E-00156-00038611-00038814 large fleet obliged Governor Pedro
EpgleWSQh7E-00157-00038815-00039021 menéndez Marquez and the townspeople to
EpgleWSQh7E-00158-00039022-00039273 flee for their safety when the English
EpgleWSQh7E-00159-00039274-00039465 got ashore they seized some artillery
EpgleWSQh7E-00160-00039466-00039699 pieces in a royal strongbox containing
EpgleWSQh7E-00161-00039700-00039969 gold ducats the garrison payroll the
EpgleWSQh7E-00162-00039970-00040137 killing of their sergeant major by the
EpgleWSQh7E-00163-00040138-00040356 Spanish rearguard caused drake to order
EpgleWSQh7E-00164-00040357-00040662 the town burnt in 1609 and 1611
EpgleWSQh7E-00165-00040663-00040842 expeditions were sent out from st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00166-00040843-00041043 augustine against the english colony at
EpgleWSQh7E-00167-00041044-00041346 Jamestown Virginia in the second half of
EpgleWSQh7E-00168-00041347-00041475 the 17th century
EpgleWSQh7E-00169-00041476-00041679 unsettled groups of Indians forced
EpgleWSQh7E-00170-00041680-00041850 southward by the expanding English
EpgleWSQh7E-00171-00041851-00042054 colony in Carolina made raids into
EpgleWSQh7E-00172-00042055-00042231 Florida and killed the Franciscan
EpgleWSQh7E-00173-00042232-00042384 priests who served at the Catholic
EpgleWSQh7E-00174-00042385-00042645 missions requests by successive
EpgleWSQh7E-00175-00042646-00042819 governors of the province to strengthen
EpgleWSQh7E-00176-00042820-00042957 the Presidio's garrison and
EpgleWSQh7E-00177-00042958-00043122 fortifications were ignored by the
EpgleWSQh7E-00178-00043123-00043497 Spanish crown the charter of 1663 for
EpgleWSQh7E-00179-00043498-00043701 the new province of Carolina issued by
EpgleWSQh7E-00180-00043702-00043935 king charles ii of england was revised
EpgleWSQh7E-00181-00043936-00044268 in 1665 claiming lands as far southward
EpgleWSQh7E-00182-00044269-00044571 as 29 degrees north latitude about 65
EpgleWSQh7E-00183-00044572-00044772 miles south of the existing settlement
EpgleWSQh7E-00184-00044773-00044979 at st. Augustine the English Buccaneer
EpgleWSQh7E-00185-00044980-00045156 Robert Searle then sacked Saint
EpgleWSQh7E-00186-00045157-00045483 Augustine in 1668 killing 60 people and
EpgleWSQh7E-00187-00045484-00045639 pillaging government buildings churches
EpgleWSQh7E-00188-00045640-00045861 and houses after which his pirates
EpgleWSQh7E-00189-00045862-00046050 ransomed off some of their hostages and
EpgleWSQh7E-00190-00046051-00046326 sold others into slavery this raid and
EpgleWSQh7E-00191-00046327-00046470 the establishment of the English
EpgleWSQh7E-00192-00046471-00046662 settlement at Charles Town spurred the
EpgleWSQh7E-00193-00046663-00046869 Spanish monarchy to finally acknowledge
EpgleWSQh7E-00194-00046870-00047028 the threat represented by the new
EpgleWSQh7E-00195-00047029-00047199 English colonies to the north and
EpgleWSQh7E-00196-00047200-00047541 strengthen the city's defenses in 1669
EpgleWSQh7E-00197-00047542-00047808 Queen regent Mariana ordered the Viceroy
EpgleWSQh7E-00198-00047809-00048006 of New Spain to disburse funds for the
EpgleWSQh7E-00199-00048007-00048186 construction of a permanent masonry
EpgleWSQh7E-00200-00048187-00048567 fortress which began in 1672 before the
EpgleWSQh7E-00201-00048568-00048798 fortress was completed Buccaneers Michel
EpgleWSQh7E-00202-00048799-00049002 de Grammont and Nicholas briga planned
EpgleWSQh7E-00203-00049003-00049290 an attack in 1686 which was foiled their
EpgleWSQh7E-00204-00049291-00049479 ships were run aground Grammont and his
EpgleWSQh7E-00205-00049480-00049523 crew are
EpgleWSQh7E-00206-00049524-00049736 lost and Bree got was captured ashore by
EpgleWSQh7E-00207-00049737-00049987 Spanish soldiers the Castillo de San
EpgleWSQh7E-00208-00049988-00050312 Marcos was completed in 1695 not long
EpgleWSQh7E-00209-00050313-00050480 before an attack by Governor Moors
EpgleWSQh7E-00210-00050481-00050815 forces from Carolina in November 17:02
EpgleWSQh7E-00211-00050816-00051052 failing to take the fort after a siege
EpgleWSQh7E-00212-00051053-00051275 of 58 days the British troops burned
EpgleWSQh7E-00213-00051276-00051461 Saint Augustine to the ground as they
EpgleWSQh7E-00214-00051462-00051796 retreated in 1740 the town was again
EpgleWSQh7E-00215-00051797-00051982 besieged this time by the governor of
EpgleWSQh7E-00216-00051983-00052189 the British colony of Georgia General
EpgleWSQh7E-00217-00052190-00052412 James Oglethorpe who was also unable to
EpgleWSQh7E-00218-00052413-00052964 take the fort
EpgleWSQh7E-00219-00052965-00053604 topic loyalists Haven under British rule
EpgleWSQh7E-00220-00053604-00053958 the Treaty of Paris 1763 signed after
EpgleWSQh7E-00221-00053959-00054171 Great Britain's victory over France and
EpgleWSQh7E-00222-00054172-00054384 Spain during the Seven Years War ceded
EpgleWSQh7E-00223-00054385-00054528 Florida to Great Britain and
EpgleWSQh7E-00224-00054529-00054723 consequently st. Augustine became a
EpgleWSQh7E-00225-00054724-00054897 loyalist Haven during the American
EpgleWSQh7E-00226-00054898-00055166 Revolutionary War the second Treaty of
EpgleWSQh7E-00227-00055167-00055449 Paris 1783 which recognized the
EpgleWSQh7E-00228-00055450-00055620 independence of the former British
EpgleWSQh7E-00229-00055621-00055845 colonies north of Florida also ceded
EpgleWSQh7E-00230-00055846-00056049 Florida back to Spain and as a result
EpgleWSQh7E-00231-00056050-00056235 many of the town's Spanish citizens
EpgleWSQh7E-00232-00056236-00056526 returned to st. Augustine refugees from
EpgleWSQh7E-00233-00056527-00056763 dr. Andrew Turnbull's troubled colony in
EpgleWSQh7E-00234-00056764-00057008 New Smyrna had fled to st. Augustine in
EpgleWSQh7E-00235-00057009-00057266 1777 and made up the majority of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00236-00057267-00057454 city's population during British rule
EpgleWSQh7E-00237-00057455-00057735 this group was and still is referred to
EpgleWSQh7E-00238-00057736-00058029 locally as menorquin z-- even though it
EpgleWSQh7E-00239-00058029-00058221 also included settlers from Italy
EpgleWSQh7E-00240-00058222-00058910 Corsica and the Greek islands as well
EpgleWSQh7E-00241-00058911-00059478 topic second Spanish period
EpgleWSQh7E-00242-00059479-00059835 during the second Spanish period 1784 to
EpgleWSQh7E-00243-00059836-00060123 1821 of Florida Spain was dealing with
EpgleWSQh7E-00244-00060124-00060345 invasions of the Iberian Peninsula by
EpgleWSQh7E-00245-00060346-00060534 Napoleon's armies in the Peninsular war
EpgleWSQh7E-00246-00060535-00060735 and struggled to maintain a tenuous hold
EpgleWSQh7E-00247-00060736-00060921 on its territories in the Western
EpgleWSQh7E-00248-00060922-00061113 Hemisphere as revolution swept South
EpgleWSQh7E-00249-00061114-00061386 America the royal administration of
EpgleWSQh7E-00250-00061387-00061592 Florida was neglected as the province
EpgleWSQh7E-00251-00061594-00061719 had long been regarded as an
EpgleWSQh7E-00252-00061720-00062001 unprofitable backwater by the crown the
EpgleWSQh7E-00253-00062002-00062253 United States however considered Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00254-00062254-00062412 vital to its political and military
EpgleWSQh7E-00255-00062413-00062654 interests as it expanded its territory
EpgleWSQh7E-00256-00062655-00062832 in North America and maneuvered by
EpgleWSQh7E-00257-00062833-00063041 sometimes clandestine means to acquire
EpgleWSQh7E-00258-00063042-00063360 it the Adams onís treaty negotiated in
EpgleWSQh7E-00259-00063361-00063702 1819 and ratified in 1821 ceded Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00260-00063703-00063975 and st. Augustine still its capital at
EpgleWSQh7E-00261-00063976-00064623 the time to the United States
EpgleWSQh7E-00262-00064624-00065255 topic territory of Florida Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00263-00065256-00065474 remained an organized territory of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00264-00065475-00065750 United States until 1845 when it was
EpgleWSQh7E-00265-00065751-00065912 admitted into the Union as the state of
EpgleWSQh7E-00266-00065913-00066315 Florida the territorial period 1821 to
EpgleWSQh7E-00267-00066316-00066611 1845 was marked by protracted wars with
EpgleWSQh7E-00268-00066612-00066794 the creeks Indian groups who occupied
EpgleWSQh7E-00269-00066795-00066973 the peninsula collectively known as
EpgleWSQh7E-00270-00066974-00067318 Seminoles during the Second Seminole War
EpgleWSQh7E-00271-00067319-00067787 1835 to 1842 the United States Army took
EpgleWSQh7E-00272-00067788-00067982 command of the Castillo de San Marcos
EpgleWSQh7E-00273-00067983-00068207 and renamed it fort Marion after General
EpgleWSQh7E-00274-00068208-00068363 Francis Marion who fought in the
EpgleWSQh7E-00275-00068364-00068660 American Revolutionary War the capital
EpgleWSQh7E-00276-00068661-00068807 of the territory was moved to
EpgleWSQh7E-00277-00068808-00069482 Tallahassee in 1824
EpgleWSQh7E-00278-00069483-00069975 topic civil war
EpgleWSQh7E-00279-00069976-00070243 Florida joined the Confederacy after the
EpgleWSQh7E-00280-00070244-00070551 Civil War began in 1861 and Confederate
EpgleWSQh7E-00281-00070552-00070753 authorities remained in control of st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00282-00070754-00070978 Augustine for 14 months although it was
EpgleWSQh7E-00283-00070979-00071251 barely defended the Union conducted a
EpgleWSQh7E-00284-00071252-00071560 blockade of shipping in 1862 Union
EpgleWSQh7E-00285-00071561-00071773 troops gain control of st. Augustine and
EpgleWSQh7E-00286-00071774-00071929 controlled it through the rest of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00287-00071930-00072201 war with the economy already suffering
EpgleWSQh7E-00288-00072202-00072778 many residents fled
EpgleWSQh7E-00289-00072779-00073394 topic Henry Flagler in the railroad
EpgleWSQh7E-00290-00073395-00073679 Henry Flagler a co-founder with john d
EpgleWSQh7E-00291-00073680-00073853 rockefeller of the Standard Oil Company
EpgleWSQh7E-00292-00073854-00074137 spent the winter of 1883 in st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00293-00074138-00074326 Augustine and found the city charming
EpgleWSQh7E-00294-00074327-00074488 but considered it's hotels and
EpgleWSQh7E-00295-00074489-00074776 transportation systems inadequate he had
EpgleWSQh7E-00296-00074777-00074993 the idea to make st. Augustine a winter
EpgleWSQh7E-00297-00074994-00075179 resort for wealthy Americans from the
EpgleWSQh7E-00298-00075180-00075341 north and to bring them south he bought
EpgleWSQh7E-00299-00075342-00075521 several short line railroads and
EpgleWSQh7E-00300-00075522-00075751 combined these in 1885 to form the
EpgleWSQh7E-00301-00075752-00076016 Florida East Coast Railway he built a
EpgleWSQh7E-00302-00076017-00076229 railroad bridge over the st. Johns River
EpgleWSQh7E-00303-00076230-00076523 in 1888 opening up the Atlantic coast of
EpgleWSQh7E-00304-00076524-00076736 Florida to development Flagler began
EpgleWSQh7E-00305-00076737-00077042 construction in 1887 on two large ornate
EpgleWSQh7E-00306-00077043-00077360 hotels in the city the 540 room Ponce de
EpgleWSQh7E-00307-00077361-00077690 Leon Hotel in the 250 room Hotel Alcazar
EpgleWSQh7E-00308-00077691-00077944 the next year he purchased the Casa
EpgleWSQh7E-00309-00077945-00078161 Monica hotel across the street from both
EpgleWSQh7E-00310-00078162-00078434 the Alcazar in the Ponce de Leon his
EpgleWSQh7E-00311-00078435-00078653 chosen architectural firm Carrara and
EpgleWSQh7E-00312-00078654-00078812 Hastings radically altered the
EpgleWSQh7E-00313-00078813-00078992 appearance of st. Augustine with these
EpgleWSQh7E-00314-00078993-00079211 hotels giving it a skyline and beginning
EpgleWSQh7E-00315-00079212-00079385 an architectural trend in the state
EpgleWSQh7E-00316-00079386-00079562 characterized by the use of the Moorish
EpgleWSQh7E-00317-00079563-00079807 Revival style with the opening of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00318-00079808-00080105 Ponce de Leon in 1888 st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00319-00080106-00080293 became the winter resort of American
EpgleWSQh7E-00320-00080294-00080488 high society for a few years when
EpgleWSQh7E-00321-00080489-00080681 Flagler's Florida East Coast railroad
EpgleWSQh7E-00322-00080682-00080903 was extended southward to Palm Beach and
EpgleWSQh7E-00323-00080904-00081146 then Miami in the early 20th century the
EpgleWSQh7E-00324-00081147-00081361 rich mostly abandoned st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00325-00081362-00081647 wealthy vacationers began to customarily
EpgleWSQh7E-00326-00081648-00081836 spend their winters in South Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00327-00081837-00082043 where the climate was warmer and freezes
EpgleWSQh7E-00328-00082044-00082109 were rare
EpgleWSQh7E-00329-00082110-00082351 st. Augustine nevertheless still
EpgleWSQh7E-00330-00082352-00082568 attracted tourists and eventually became
EpgleWSQh7E-00331-00082569-00082781 a destination for families traveling in
EpgleWSQh7E-00332-00082782-00082973 automobiles as new highways were built
EpgleWSQh7E-00333-00082974-00083150 and Americans took to the road for
EpgleWSQh7E-00334-00083151-00083413 annual summer vacations the tourist
EpgleWSQh7E-00335-00083414-00083632 industry soon became the dominant sector
EpgleWSQh7E-00336-00083633-00084059 of the local economy topics civil rights
EpgleWSQh7E-00337-00084060-00084374 movement in late 1963 nearly a decade
EpgleWSQh7E-00338-00084375-00084542 after the Supreme Court ruling in Brown
EpgleWSQh7E-00339-00084543-00084884 v Board of Education that segregation of
EpgleWSQh7E-00340-00084885-00085112 schools was unconstitutional African
EpgleWSQh7E-00341-00085113-00085292 Americans were still trying to get st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00342-00085293-00085462 Augustine to integrate the public
EpgleWSQh7E-00343-00085463-00085679 schools in the city they were also
EpgleWSQh7E-00344-00085680-00085812 trying to integrate public
EpgleWSQh7E-00345-00085813-00086050 accommodations such as lunch counters
EpgleWSQh7E-00346-00086051-00086210 and were met with arrests and Ku Klux
EpgleWSQh7E-00347-00086211-00086534 Klan violence local college students
EpgleWSQh7E-00348-00086535-00086735 held nonviolent protests throughout the
EpgleWSQh7E-00349-00086736-00086783 city
EpgleWSQh7E-00350-00086784-00086945 including sit-ins at the local
EpgleWSQh7E-00351-00086946-00087140 Woolworths picket lines and marches
EpgleWSQh7E-00352-00087141-00087389 through the downtown these protests were
EpgleWSQh7E-00353-00087390-00087646 often met with police violence homes of
EpgleWSQh7E-00354-00087647-00087857 african-americans were firebombed black
EpgleWSQh7E-00355-00087858-00088031 leaders were assaulted and threatened
EpgleWSQh7E-00356-00088032-00088187 with death and others were fired from
EpgleWSQh7E-00357-00088188-00088568 their jobs in the spring of 1964 st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00358-00088569-00088751 Augustine civil rights leader Robert
EpgleWSQh7E-00359-00088752-00088940 Haley asked the Southern Christian
EpgleWSQh7E-00360-00088941-00089186 Leadership Conference SCLC and its
EpgleWSQh7E-00361-00089187-00089378 leader Martin Luther King jr. for
EpgleWSQh7E-00362-00089379-00089792 assistance from May until July 1964 King
EpgleWSQh7E-00363-00089793-00089963 and Hayling along with Andrew Young
EpgleWSQh7E-00364-00089964-00090194 organized marches sit-ins and other
EpgleWSQh7E-00365-00090195-00090389 forms of peaceful protest in st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00366-00090390-00090635 Augustine hundreds of black and white
EpgleWSQh7E-00367-00090636-00090842 civil rights supporters were arrested
EpgleWSQh7E-00368-00090843-00091009 and the jail's were filled to capacity
EpgleWSQh7E-00369-00091010-00091307 at the request of hailing and King white
EpgleWSQh7E-00370-00091308-00091481 civil rights supporters from the north
EpgleWSQh7E-00371-00091482-00091700 including students clergy and well-known
EpgleWSQh7E-00372-00091701-00091951 public figures came to st. Augustine and
EpgleWSQh7E-00373-00091952-00092099 were arrested together with southern
EpgleWSQh7E-00374-00092100-00092384 activists Street augustine was the only
EpgleWSQh7E-00375-00092385-00092624 place in Florida where King was arrested
EpgleWSQh7E-00376-00092625-00092845 his arrest there occurred on June 11th
EpgleWSQh7E-00377-00092846-00093107 1964 on the steps of the Monson motor
EpgleWSQh7E-00378-00093108-00093377 lodges restaurant the demonstrations
EpgleWSQh7E-00379-00093378-00093587 came to a climax when a group of black
EpgleWSQh7E-00380-00093588-00093767 and white protesters jumped into the
EpgleWSQh7E-00381-00093768-00093997 hotel's segregated swimming pool in
EpgleWSQh7E-00382-00093998-00094286 response to the protest james brougt the
EpgleWSQh7E-00383-00094287-00094490 manager of the hotel and the president
EpgleWSQh7E-00384-00094491-00094632 of the florida hotel and motel
EpgleWSQh7E-00385-00094633-00094850 association poured what he claimed to be
EpgleWSQh7E-00386-00094851-00095054 muriatic acid into the pool to burn the
EpgleWSQh7E-00387-00095055-00095339 protesters photographs of this and of
EpgleWSQh7E-00388-00095340-00095501 the policemen jumping into the pool to
EpgleWSQh7E-00389-00095502-00095707 arrest the protesters were broadcast
EpgleWSQh7E-00390-00095708-00095942 around the world the Ku Klux Klan
EpgleWSQh7E-00391-00095943-00096185 responded to these protests with violent
EpgleWSQh7E-00392-00096186-00096362 attacks that were widely reported in
EpgleWSQh7E-00393-00096363-00096662 national and international media popular
EpgleWSQh7E-00394-00096663-00096839 revulsion against the Klan and police
EpgleWSQh7E-00395-00096840-00097069 violence in st. Augustine generated
EpgleWSQh7E-00396-00097070-00097223 national sympathy for the black
EpgleWSQh7E-00397-00097224-00097432 protesters and became a key factor in
EpgleWSQh7E-00398-00097433-00097622 congressional passage of the Civil
EpgleWSQh7E-00399-00097623-00097910 Rights Act of 1964 leading eventually to
EpgleWSQh7E-00400-00097911-00098146 passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
EpgleWSQh7E-00401-00098147-00098354 both of which provided federal
EpgleWSQh7E-00402-00098355-00099058 enforcement of constitutional rights
EpgleWSQh7E-00403-00099059-00099624 topic modern st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00404-00099625-00099984 in 1965 st. Augustine celebrated the
EpgleWSQh7E-00405-00099985-00100200 400th anniversary of its founding and
EpgleWSQh7E-00406-00100201-00100356 jointly with the state of Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00407-00100357-00100584 inaugurated a program to restore part of
EpgleWSQh7E-00408-00100585-00100848 the colonial City the historic st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00409-00100849-00101064 Augustine Preservation Board was formed
EpgleWSQh7E-00410-00101065-00101304 to reconstruct more than 36 buildings to
EpgleWSQh7E-00411-00101305-00101478 their historical appearance which was
EpgleWSQh7E-00412-00101479-00101736 completed within a few years when the
EpgleWSQh7E-00413-00101737-00101942 state of Florida abolished the board in
EpgleWSQh7E-00414-00101943-00102231 1997 the city of st. Augustine assumed
EpgleWSQh7E-00415-00102232-00102417 control of the reconstructed buildings
EpgleWSQh7E-00416-00102418-00102621 as well as other historic properties
EpgleWSQh7E-00417-00102622-00102894 including the government house in 2010
EpgleWSQh7E-00418-00102895-00103107 the city transferred control of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00419-00103108-00103308 historic buildings to the University of
EpgleWSQh7E-00420-00103308-00103581 Florida in 2015
EpgleWSQh7E-00421-00103582-00103845 st. Augustine celebrated the 450th
EpgleWSQh7E-00422-00103846-00104009 anniversary of its founding with a
EpgleWSQh7E-00423-00104010-00104220 four-day long festival and a visit from
EpgleWSQh7E-00424-00104221-00104421 Felipe the sixth of Spain and Queen
EpgleWSQh7E-00425-00104422-00104715 Letizia of Spain on October 7 2016
EpgleWSQh7E-00426-00104716-00104889 hurricane Matthew caused widespread
EpgleWSQh7E-00427-00104890-00105624 flooding in downtown Saint Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00428-00105625-00106286 topic geography and climate st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00429-00106288-00106602 Augustine is located at 29 degrees 53
EpgleWSQh7E-00430-00106603-00106926 minutes 41 seconds north 81 degrees 18
EpgleWSQh7E-00431-00106927-00107169 minutes 52 seconds west twenty nine
EpgleWSQh7E-00432-00107170-00107445 point eight nine four six nine one zero
EpgleWSQh7E-00433-00107446-00107700 minus eighty one point three one four
EpgleWSQh7E-00434-00107701-00108039 five one seven zero according to the
EpgleWSQh7E-00435-00108040-00108276 United States Census Bureau the city has
EpgleWSQh7E-00436-00108277-00108527 a total area of ten point seven square
EpgleWSQh7E-00437-00108528-00108744 miles twenty seven point eight square
EpgleWSQh7E-00438-00108745-00108969 kilometers eight point four square miles
EpgleWSQh7E-00439-00108970-00109218 twenty one point seven square kilometers
EpgleWSQh7E-00440-00109219-00109535 of witch's land and 2.4 square miles six
EpgleWSQh7E-00441-00109536-00109754 point one square kilometers twenty one
EpgleWSQh7E-00442-00109755-00110082 point nine nine percent is water access
EpgleWSQh7E-00443-00110083-00110274 to the Atlantic Ocean as via the st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00444-00110275-00110507 Augustine inlet of the Matanzas River
EpgleWSQh7E-00445-00110508-00110757 st. Augustine has a humid subtropical
EpgleWSQh7E-00446-00110758-00111057 climate or cfa typical of the Gulf and
EpgleWSQh7E-00447-00111058-00111345 South Atlantic states the low latitude
EpgleWSQh7E-00448-00111346-00111533 in coastal location give the city a
EpgleWSQh7E-00449-00111534-00111825 mostly warm and sunny climate like much
EpgleWSQh7E-00450-00111826-00112064 of Florida st. Augustine enjoys a high
EpgleWSQh7E-00451-00112065-00112358 number of sunny days averaging 2,900
EpgleWSQh7E-00452-00112359-00112602 hours annually unlike much of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00453-00112603-00112790 contiguous United States Saint
EpgleWSQh7E-00454-00112791-00112974 Augustine's driest time of year as
EpgleWSQh7E-00455-00112975-00113258 winter the hot and wet season extends
EpgleWSQh7E-00456-00113259-00113439 from May through October while the cool
EpgleWSQh7E-00457-00113440-00113639 and dry season extends November through
EpgleWSQh7E-00458-00113640-00113966 April in the hot season average daytime
EpgleWSQh7E-00459-00113967-00114156 highs are in the upper 80s to low 90s
EpgleWSQh7E-00460-00114157-00114440 degree F 26 degrees to 33 degrees
EpgleWSQh7E-00461-00114441-00114696 Celsius an average nighttime lows are in
EpgleWSQh7E-00462-00114697-00114995 the low 70s degree F 21 degrees Celsius
EpgleWSQh7E-00463-00114996-00115251 the Bermuda high pumps in hot and
EpgleWSQh7E-00464-00115252-00115488 unstable tropical air from the Bahamas
EpgleWSQh7E-00465-00115489-00115677 in Gulf of Mexico which helped create
EpgleWSQh7E-00466-00115678-00115841 the daily thundershowers that are
EpgleWSQh7E-00467-00115842-00116111 typical in summer months intense but
EpgleWSQh7E-00468-00116113-00116303 very brief downpours are common in
EpgleWSQh7E-00469-00116304-00116571 midsummer in the city fall and spring
EpgleWSQh7E-00470-00116572-00116816 are warm and sunny with highs in the 75
EpgleWSQh7E-00471-00116817-00117152 to 80 F 21 to 24 degrees Celsius range
EpgleWSQh7E-00472-00117153-00117369 and overnight lows in the 50s to low 60s
EpgleWSQh7E-00473-00117370-00117764 10 to 17 degrees Celsius in the dry
EpgleWSQh7E-00474-00117765-00117959 winter season st. Augustine has
EpgleWSQh7E-00475-00117960-00118176 generally mild and sunny weather typical
EpgleWSQh7E-00476-00118177-00118422 of the Florida peninsula the coolest
EpgleWSQh7E-00477-00118423-00118557 months are from December through
EpgleWSQh7E-00478-00118558-00118788 February with average daytime highs that
EpgleWSQh7E-00479-00118789-00119008 range from 65 to 70 degrees
EpgleWSQh7E-00480-00119009-00119321 Fahrenheit 18 to 21 degrees Celsius and
EpgleWSQh7E-00481-00119322-00119659 nighttime lows in the 46 to 49 F 8 to 10
EpgleWSQh7E-00482-00119660-00119941 degrees Celsius range from November
EpgleWSQh7E-00483-00119942-00120149 through April st. Augustine often has
EpgleWSQh7E-00484-00120150-00120425 long periods of rain less weather early
EpgleWSQh7E-00485-00120426-00120604 spring April can see near drought
EpgleWSQh7E-00486-00120605-00120797 conditions with brush fires and water
EpgleWSQh7E-00487-00120798-00120934 restrictions in place
EpgleWSQh7E-00488-00120935-00121234 st. Augustine averages six Frost's per
EpgleWSQh7E-00489-00121235-00121486 year hurricanes occasionally impact the
EpgleWSQh7E-00490-00121488-00121724 region however like most areas prone to
EpgleWSQh7E-00491-00121725-00121973 such storms st. Augustine rarely suffers
EpgleWSQh7E-00492-00121974-00122249 a direct hit by a major hurricane the
EpgleWSQh7E-00493-00122250-00122483 last direct hit by a major hurricane to
EpgleWSQh7E-00494-00122483-00122806 the city was Hurricane Dora in 1964
EpgleWSQh7E-00495-00122807-00123008 extensive flooding occurred in the
EpgleWSQh7E-00496-00123008-00123218 downtown area of st. Augustine when
EpgleWSQh7E-00497-00123219-00123395 Hurricane Matthew passed east of the
EpgleWSQh7E-00498-00123396-00124085 city in October 2016
EpgleWSQh7E-00499-00124086-00124628 topic demographics
EpgleWSQh7E-00500-00124629-00124904 as of the 2010 united states census
EpgleWSQh7E-00501-00124905-00125072 there were twelve thousand nine hundred
EpgleWSQh7E-00502-00125073-00125303 seventy five people five thousand seven
EpgleWSQh7E-00503-00125304-00125519 hundred forty three households in two
EpgleWSQh7E-00504-00125520-00125675 thousand six hundred seventy nine
EpgleWSQh7E-00505-00125676-00125855 families residing in the city
EpgleWSQh7E-00506-00125856-00126158 the population density was one thousand
EpgleWSQh7E-00507-00126158-00126347 three hundred seventy six point two
EpgleWSQh7E-00508-00126348-00126539 people per square mile five hundred
EpgleWSQh7E-00509-00126540-00126806 thirty one per square kilometers there
EpgleWSQh7E-00510-00126807-00127013 were six thousand nine hundred seventy
EpgleWSQh7E-00511-00127014-00127163 eight housing units at an average
EpgleWSQh7E-00512-00127164-00127493 density of 549 point four per square
EpgleWSQh7E-00513-00127494-00127706 miles two hundred eleven point four per
EpgleWSQh7E-00514-00127707-00127982 square kilometers the racial makeup of
EpgleWSQh7E-00515-00127983-00128161 the city was eighty four point two
EpgleWSQh7E-00516-00128163-00128372 percent Caucasian eleven point six
EpgleWSQh7E-00517-00128373-00128686 percent African American 0.4% Native
EpgleWSQh7E-00518-00128688-00128926 American one point two percent Asian
EpgleWSQh7E-00519-00128927-00129283 0.1% Pacific Islander zero point eight
EpgleWSQh7E-00520-00129284-00129497 percent from other races and one point
EpgleWSQh7E-00521-00129498-00129751 six percent from two or more races
EpgleWSQh7E-00522-00129752-00130033 Hispanic or Latino of any race were five
EpgleWSQh7E-00523-00130034-00130246 point one percent of the population
EpgleWSQh7E-00524-00130247-00130514 there were five thousand seven hundred
EpgleWSQh7E-00525-00130515-00130670 forty three households out of which
EpgleWSQh7E-00526-00130671-00130913 fourteen point six percent had children
EpgleWSQh7E-00527-00130914-00131093 under the age of 18 living with them
EpgleWSQh7E-00528-00131094-00131300 thirty one point seven percent were
EpgleWSQh7E-00529-00131301-00131507 married couples living together ten
EpgleWSQh7E-00530-00131508-00131669 point nine percent had a female
EpgleWSQh7E-00531-00131670-00131879 householder with no husband present and
EpgleWSQh7E-00532-00131880-00132071 fifty three point four percent were
EpgleWSQh7E-00533-00132072-00132152 non-families
EpgleWSQh7E-00534-00132153-00132347 thirty seven point eight percent of all
EpgleWSQh7E-00535-00132348-00132488 households were made up of individuals
EpgleWSQh7E-00536-00132489-00132740 in fourteen point four percent had
EpgleWSQh7E-00537-00132741-00132986 someone living alone who was 65 years of
EpgleWSQh7E-00538-00132987-00133265 age or older the average household size
EpgleWSQh7E-00539-00133266-00133502 was two point zero three and the average
EpgleWSQh7E-00540-00133503-00133744 family size was two point six seven in
EpgleWSQh7E-00541-00133745-00134018 the city the population was spread out
EpgleWSQh7E-00542-00134019-00134231 with thirteen point one percent under
EpgleWSQh7E-00543-00134232-00134426 the age of eighteen fifteen point three
EpgleWSQh7E-00544-00134427-00134624 percent from eighteen to twenty four
EpgleWSQh7E-00545-00134625-00134882 twenty three point nine percent from 25
EpgleWSQh7E-00546-00134883-00135308 to 44 25 point two percent from 45 to 64
EpgleWSQh7E-00547-00135309-00135524 and nineteen percent who were 65 years
EpgleWSQh7E-00548-00135525-00135863 of age or older the median age was forty
EpgleWSQh7E-00549-00135864-00136130 two point six years for every 100
EpgleWSQh7E-00550-00136131-00136301 females there were eighty eight point
EpgleWSQh7E-00551-00136302-00136637 one males for every 100 females age 18
EpgleWSQh7E-00552-00136638-00136850 and over there were eighty five point
EpgleWSQh7E-00553-00136851-00137147 eight males the median income for a
EpgleWSQh7E-00554-00137148-00137345 household in the city was thirty six
EpgleWSQh7E-00555-00137346-00137516 thousand four hundred twenty four
EpgleWSQh7E-00556-00137517-00137693 dollars and the median income for a
EpgleWSQh7E-00557-00137694-00137924 family was fifty-six thousand fifty five
EpgleWSQh7E-00558-00137925-00138016 dollars
EpgleWSQh7E-00559-00138017-00138265 males had a median income of thirty two
EpgleWSQh7E-00560-00138266-00138397 thousand four hundred nine dollars
EpgleWSQh7E-00561-00138398-00138604 versus thirty thousand one hundred
EpgleWSQh7E-00562-00138605-00138892 eighty eight dollars for females the per
EpgleWSQh7E-00563-00138893-00139042 capita income for the city was
EpgleWSQh7E-00564-00139043-00139225 twenty-three thousand four hundred
EpgleWSQh7E-00565-00139226-00139525 eighty five dollars about seven point
EpgleWSQh7E-00566-00139526-00139738 six percent of families and twenty-one
EpgleWSQh7E-00567-00139739-00139951 point one percent of the population were
EpgleWSQh7E-00568-00139952-00140092 below the poverty line including
EpgleWSQh7E-00569-00140093-00140293 eighteen point eight percent of those
EpgleWSQh7E-00570-00140294-00140536 under age 18 and twenty four point four
EpgleWSQh7E-00571-00140537-00141269 percent of those aged 65 or over
EpgleWSQh7E-00572-00141270-00141814 topic transportation
EpgleWSQh7E-00573-00141815-00142154 you
EpgleWSQh7E-00574-00142155-00142655 topic highways
EpgleWSQh7E-00575-00142656-00143091 interstate 95 runs north-south US Route
EpgleWSQh7E-00576-00143092-00143475 one runs north-south State Road a1a runs
EpgleWSQh7E-00577-00143476-00143936 north-south State Road 16 runs east-west
EpgleWSQh7E-00578-00143937-00144338 State Road 207 runs northeast Southwest
EpgleWSQh7E-00579-00144339-00145046 State Road 312 runs east-west
EpgleWSQh7E-00580-00145047-00145524 topic buses
EpgleWSQh7E-00581-00145525-00145761 bus service is operated by the sunshine
EpgleWSQh7E-00582-00145762-00146070 bus company buses operate mainly between
EpgleWSQh7E-00583-00146071-00146289 shopping centers across town but a few
EpgleWSQh7E-00584-00146290-00146493 go to Hastings in Jacksonville where one
EpgleWSQh7E-00585-00146494-00146682 can connect to JTA for additional
EpgleWSQh7E-00586-00146683-00147301 service across Jacksonville
EpgleWSQh7E-00587-00147302-00147958 topic airport st. Augustine has one
EpgleWSQh7E-00588-00147959-00148267 public airport for miles 6.4 kilometres
EpgleWSQh7E-00589-00148268-00148519 north of the downtown it has three
EpgleWSQh7E-00590-00148520-00148771 runways and two seaplane lanes the air
EpgleWSQh7E-00591-00148772-00148975 provides seasonal service to Charlotte
EpgleWSQh7E-00592-00148976-00149128 and elite Airways will soon provide
EpgleWSQh7E-00593-00149129-00149434 service to Rochester Minnesota various
EpgleWSQh7E-00594-00149435-00149656 private jets and tour helicopters also
EpgleWSQh7E-00595-00149657-00149884 operate from the airport Northrop
EpgleWSQh7E-00596-00149885-00150118 Grumman runs a large manufacturing plant
EpgleWSQh7E-00597-00150119-00150322 on the grounds where the e-2 Hawkeye is
EpgleWSQh7E-00598-00150323-00150604 produced Jacksonville International
EpgleWSQh7E-00599-00150605-00150829 Airport is 40 miles to the north along
EpgleWSQh7E-00600-00150830-00151421 i-95
EpgleWSQh7E-00601-00151422-00151961 topic points of interest
EpgleWSQh7E-00602-00151962-00152301 you
EpgleWSQh7E-00603-00152302-00152948 topic first and second Spanish eras
EpgleWSQh7E-00604-00152949-00153302 Averell house Castillo de San Marcos
EpgleWSQh7E-00605-00153303-00153662 National Monument Fort Matanzas National
EpgleWSQh7E-00606-00153663-00154027 Monument Fort Mose historic State Park
EpgleWSQh7E-00607-00154028-00154243 nombre de Dios
EpgleWSQh7E-00608-00154244-00154588 Gonzales Alvarez house Fountain of Youth
EpgleWSQh7E-00609-00154589-00154898 archeological park the Spanish military
EpgleWSQh7E-00610-00154899-00155391 hospital Museum Street Francis barracks
EpgleWSQh7E-00611-00155392-00155824 colonial quarter ximena's patio house
EpgleWSQh7E-00612-00155825-00156232 Gonzales Jones house lambie's house
EpgleWSQh7E-00613-00156233-00156578 oldest wooden schoolhouse tall Amato
EpgleWSQh7E-00614-00156579-00157168 cemetery in Huguenots Cemetery
EpgleWSQh7E-00615-00157169-00157660 topic British era
EpgleWSQh7E-00616-00157661-00158204 the King's bakery
EpgleWSQh7E-00617-00158205-00158741 topic pre Flagler era
EpgleWSQh7E-00618-00158742-00159091 Street Augustine lighthouse and Museum
EpgleWSQh7E-00619-00159092-00159625 Markland mansion
EpgleWSQh7E-00620-00159626-00160140 topic flagler era
EpgleWSQh7E-00621-00160141-00160592 Ponce de Leon hotel Casa Monica hotel
EpgleWSQh7E-00622-00160593-00161085 Hotel Alcazar zarida castle bridge of
EpgleWSQh7E-00623-00161086-00161541 lions old st. Johns County Jail Ripley's
EpgleWSQh7E-00624-00161542-00161925 Believe It or Not museum located in 1887
EpgleWSQh7E-00625-00161926-00162216 mansion of William worden Street
EpgleWSQh7E-00626-00162217-00162903 Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park
EpgleWSQh7E-00627-00162904-00163445 topic historic churches
EpgleWSQh7E-00628-00163446-00163790 grace United Methodist Church Cathedral
EpgleWSQh7E-00629-00163791-00164123 Basilica of st. Augustine Memorial
EpgleWSQh7E-00630-00164124-00164420 Presbyterian Church Trinity Church of
EpgleWSQh7E-00631-00164421-00164983 st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00632-00164984-00165283 topic Lincolnville national historic
EpgleWSQh7E-00633-00165284-00165785 district civil rights era
EpgleWSQh7E-00634-00165786-00166403 Street Benedict the more school
EpgleWSQh7E-00635-00166404-00166957 topic other points of interest
EpgleWSQh7E-00636-00166958-00167333 Anastacia State Park Florida School for
EpgleWSQh7E-00637-00167334-00167609 the Deaf and Blind Saint Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00638-00167610-00168008 amphitheater Street Augustine pirate and
EpgleWSQh7E-00639-00168009-00168212 treasure museum World Golf Hall of Fame
EpgleWSQh7E-00640-00168213-00168702 great cross
EpgleWSQh7E-00641-00168703-00169252 topic sister cities
EpgleWSQh7E-00642-00169253-00169684 a valets asturias Spain lion western
EpgleWSQh7E-00643-00169685-00170107 sahara cartagena colombia menorca
EpgleWSQh7E-00644-00170108-00170461 Balearic Islands Spain Santo Domingo
EpgleWSQh7E-00645-00170462-00170993 Dominican Republic
EpgleWSQh7E-00646-00170994-00171519 topic education
EpgleWSQh7E-00647-00171520-00171816 primary and secondary education in st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00648-00171817-00172032 Augustine is overseen by the st. Johns
EpgleWSQh7E-00649-00172033-00172275 County School District there are no
EpgleWSQh7E-00650-00172276-00172497 County high schools located within st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00651-00172498-00172725 Augustine's current city limits but st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00652-00172726-00172935 Augustine high school Pedro menéndez
EpgleWSQh7E-00653-00172936-00173148 High School and st. John's Technical
EpgleWSQh7E-00654-00173149-00173324 High School are located in the vicinity
EpgleWSQh7E-00655-00173325-00173571 the Florida School for the Deaf and
EpgleWSQh7E-00656-00173572-00173802 Blind a state operated boarding school
EpgleWSQh7E-00657-00173803-00174012 for deaf and blind students was founded
EpgleWSQh7E-00658-00174013-00174360 in the city in 1885 the Catholic Diocese
EpgleWSQh7E-00659-00174361-00174612 of st. Augustine operates the st. Joseph
EpgleWSQh7E-00660-00174613-00174843 Academy Florida's oldest Catholic High
EpgleWSQh7E-00661-00174844-00175002 School to the west of the city
EpgleWSQh7E-00662-00175003-00175173 there are several institutions of higher
EpgleWSQh7E-00663-00175174-00175433 education in and around st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00664-00175434-00175680 Flagler College is a four-year liberal
EpgleWSQh7E-00665-00175681-00176043 arts college founded in 1968 it is
EpgleWSQh7E-00666-00176044-00176241 located in the former Ponce de Leon
EpgleWSQh7E-00667-00176242-00176550 hotel in downtown st. Augustine st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00668-00176551-00176751 Johns River State College a state
EpgleWSQh7E-00669-00176752-00176949 college in the Florida College System
EpgleWSQh7E-00670-00176950-00177168 has its st. Augustine campus just west
EpgleWSQh7E-00671-00177169-00177432 of the city also in the area are the
EpgleWSQh7E-00672-00177433-00177629 University of North Florida Jacksonville
EpgleWSQh7E-00673-00177630-00177891 University and Florida State College at
EpgleWSQh7E-00674-00177892-00178053 Jacksonville in Jacksonville the
EpgleWSQh7E-00675-00178054-00178245 institution now known as Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00676-00178246-00178485 Memorial University was located in st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00677-00178486-00178809 Augustine from 1918 to 1968 when it
EpgleWSQh7E-00678-00178810-00179072 relocated to its present campus in Miami
EpgleWSQh7E-00679-00179073-00179310 originally known as Florida Baptist
EpgleWSQh7E-00680-00179311-00179526 Academy then Florida normal and then
EpgleWSQh7E-00681-00179527-00179709 Florida memorial college it was a
EpgleWSQh7E-00682-00179710-00179928 historically black institution and had a
EpgleWSQh7E-00683-00179929-00180144 wide impact on st. Augustine while it
EpgleWSQh7E-00684-00180145-00180453 was located there during world war ii it
EpgleWSQh7E-00685-00180454-00180624 was chosen as the site for training the
EpgleWSQh7E-00686-00180625-00180824 first blacks in the u.s. Signal Corps
EpgleWSQh7E-00687-00180825-00181095 among its faculty members was Zora Neale
EpgleWSQh7E-00688-00181096-00181347 Hurston a historic marker is placed at
EpgleWSQh7E-00689-00181348-00181494 the house where she lived while teaching
EpgleWSQh7E-00690-00181495-00181695 at Florida Memorial and where she wrote
EpgleWSQh7E-00691-00181696-00182150 her autobiography dust tracks on a road
EpgleWSQh7E-00692-00182151-00182366 like notable people Jim Albrecht poker
EpgleWSQh7E-00693-00182367-00182552 tournament director and commentator
EpgleWSQh7E-00694-00182553-00182807 Andrew Anderson physician st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00695-00182808-00183071 Mayor John Alexander Armstrong political
EpgleWSQh7E-00696-00183072-00183272 theorist and scholar Murray Armstrong
EpgleWSQh7E-00697-00183273-00183518 hockey coach Pete bana Zach professional
EpgleWSQh7E-00698-00183519-00183743 football player Frances Bemis public
EpgleWSQh7E-00699-00183744-00183959 relations specialist Jorge bias ooh
EpgleWSQh7E-00700-00183960-00184187 Haitian revolutionary and first black
EpgleWSQh7E-00701-00184188-00184403 American general Richard Boone actor
EpgleWSQh7E-00702-00184404-00184649 James branch cabell novelist Doug Karn
EpgleWSQh7E-00703-00184650-00184877 jazz musician Chris Carpenter major
EpgleWSQh7E-00704-00184878-00185078 league baseball player Ray Charles
EpgleWSQh7E-00705-00185079-00185393 pianist singer composer George jf Clark
EpgleWSQh7E-00706-00185394-00185633 surveyor-general of Spanish East Florida
EpgleWSQh7E-00707-00185634-00185897 Nicolas de concepción escaped slave who
EpgleWSQh7E-00708-00185898-00186113 became a Spanish privateer and pirate
EpgleWSQh7E-00709-00186114-00186308 captain Earl Cunningham artist Alexander
EpgleWSQh7E-00710-00186309-00186542 darns born a slave became a celebrated
EpgleWSQh7E-00711-00186543-00186821 physician Edmund Jackson Davis governor
EpgleWSQh7E-00712-00186822-00186971 of Texas Frederick Delius
EpgleWSQh7E-00713-00186972-00187205 composer Henry Flagler industrialist
EpgleWSQh7E-00714-00187206-00187403 Willie Gallimore football player Michael
EpgleWSQh7E-00715-00187404-00187682 Gannon historian Laura Jane grace singer
EpgleWSQh7E-00716-00187683-00187907 William H gray US congressman and
EpgleWSQh7E-00717-00187908-00188072 president of the United Negro College
EpgleWSQh7E-00718-00188073-00188219 Fund Robert Haley
EpgleWSQh7E-00719-00188220-00188396 civil rights leader Hurley Haywood
EpgleWSQh7E-00720-00188397-00188639 endurance race car driver Martin Johnson
EpgleWSQh7E-00721-00188640-00188894 Heat artist Louise Homer opera singer
EpgleWSQh7E-00722-00188895-00189116 sidney homer composer Jack D hunter
EpgleWSQh7E-00723-00189117-00189356 novelist author of the blue max Zora
EpgleWSQh7E-00724-00189357-00189578 Neale Hurston novelist and folklore is
EpgleWSQh7E-00725-00189579-00189797 Linda Infante a professional football
EpgleWSQh7E-00726-00189798-00190019 coach Willie Irvin professional football
EpgleWSQh7E-00727-00190020-00190214 player Brandon James professional
EpgleWSQh7E-00728-00190215-00190409 football player Stetson Kennedy author
EpgleWSQh7E-00729-00190410-00190637 and human rights activist Jack temple
EpgleWSQh7E-00730-00190638-00190823 Kirby historian LaChance
EpgleWSQh7E-00731-00190824-00191039 Tony Award an Emmy award-winning actor
EpgleWSQh7E-00732-00191040-00191291 singer and dancer Scott Lagasse jr.
EpgleWSQh7E-00733-00191292-00191537 racecar driver Charlie lip rat college
EpgleWSQh7E-00734-00191538-00191768 football player college president Jacob
EpgleWSQh7E-00735-00191769-00192005 Lawrence artist Sinclair Lewis novelist
EpgleWSQh7E-00736-00192006-00192293 John see Lily neuroscientist developer
EpgleWSQh7E-00737-00192294-00192524 of the isolation tank William W Lory
EpgleWSQh7E-00738-00192525-00192749 Confederate General Mary McLain author
EpgleWSQh7E-00739-00192750-00192953 Albert minutiae historian author
EpgleWSQh7E-00740-00192954-00193211 Fulbright Scholar George McGovern u.s.
EpgleWSQh7E-00741-00193212-00193466 senator presidential candidate Howell W
EpgleWSQh7E-00742-00193467-00193649 Melton United States District Judge
EpgleWSQh7E-00743-00193650-00193952 Howell W Melton jr. attorney law firm
EpgleWSQh7E-00744-00193953-00194171 managing partner Johnny Mize Hall of
EpgleWSQh7E-00745-00194172-00194372 Fame baseball player Prince a Sheila
EpgleWSQh7E-00746-00194373-00194630 Marat nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte David
EpgleWSQh7E-00747-00194631-00194855 Nolan author and historian Ashley and
EpgleWSQh7E-00748-00194856-00195119 Olsen murder victim Osceola Seminole War
EpgleWSQh7E-00749-00195120-00195344 leader held prisoner at fort marion now
EpgleWSQh7E-00750-00195345-00195508 castillo de san marcos
EpgleWSQh7E-00751-00195509-00195712 petty rock musician Scott player
EpgleWSQh7E-00752-00195713-00195928 professional football punter virile a
EpgleWSQh7E-00753-00195929-00196147 pope state legislator Richard Henry
EpgleWSQh7E-00754-00196148-00196360 Pratt soldier and educator Marjorie
EpgleWSQh7E-00755-00196361-00196600 Kenan Rawlings novelist Marcus Roberts
EpgleWSQh7E-00756-00196601-00196870 musician gamble Rogers folk singer John
EpgleWSQh7E-00757-00196871-00197140 M Scofield Union general Stephen L Sears
EpgleWSQh7E-00758-00197141-00197404 television writer producer Seamus Irish
EpgleWSQh7E-00759-00197405-00197617 professional wrestler Edmund Kirby Smith
EpgleWSQh7E-00760-00197618-00197824 Confederate General Steve Spurrier
EpgleWSQh7E-00761-00197825-00198064 college pro American football coach
EpgleWSQh7E-00762-00198065-00198334 Caleb Sturgis NFL kicker Peter Taylor
EpgleWSQh7E-00763-00198335-00198580 novelist Travis Tomko professional
EpgleWSQh7E-00764-00198581-00198805 wrestler the wobbly toms music group
EpgleWSQh7E-00765-00198806-00199024 Felix Varela Cuban national hero
EpgleWSQh7E-00766-00199025-00199243 Augustin Varro first Bishop of st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00767-00199244-00199516 Augustine patty Wagstaff aerobatic pilot
EpgleWSQh7E-00768-00199517-00199738 - whit Webb physician st. Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00769-00199739-00199960 mayor state representative David Levy
EpgleWSQh7E-00770-00199961-00200299 yulie first Jewish US Senator Levy
EpgleWSQh7E-00771-00200300-00200919 County and Yulee Florida namesake
EpgleWSQh7E-00772-00200920-00201420 topic gallery
EpgleWSQh7E-00773-00201421-00201788 you
EpgleWSQh7E-00774-00201789-00202476 topic see also recent scholarship has
EpgleWSQh7E-00775-00202477-00202686 revealed that the first reported st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00776-00202687-00202896 Patrick's Day celebration in what is now
EpgleWSQh7E-00777-00202897-00203058 the United States was held at st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00778-00203059-00203334 Augustine in March 1601 according to
EpgleWSQh7E-00779-00203335-00203619 Michael Francis's 2017 research in the
EpgleWSQh7E-00780-00203620-00203840 Spanish archives of the Indies archivo
EpgleWSQh7E-00781-00203841-00204057 general de indias the citizens of st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00782-00204058-00204237 Augustine marched on that date in a
EpgleWSQh7E-00783-00204238-00204435 procession to honor the feast day of st.
EpgleWSQh7E-00784-00204436-00204681 Patrick San Patricio organized by the
EpgleWSQh7E-00785-00204682-00204860 Spanish colonies Irish Vicar
EpgleWSQh7E-00786-00204861-00205200 Riccardo art or Richard Arthur Galvez
EpgleWSQh7E-00787-00205201-00205251 town
EpgleWSQh7E-00788-00205252-00205436 Briggs sloop ship which played a role in
EpgleWSQh7E-00789-00205437-00205656 the Gulf Coast campaign of the American
EpgleWSQh7E-00790-00205657-00205859 Revolutionary War under Bernardo de
EpgleWSQh7E-00791-00205860-00206046 gálvez and it's replica built recently
EpgleWSQh7E-00792-00206046-00206328 in Spain anticipating the 450th
EpgleWSQh7E-00793-00206329-00206498 anniversary of Saint Augustine's
EpgleWSQh7E-00794-00206500-00207009 founding 1565 to 2015 Street Augustine
EpgleWSQh7E-00795-00207010-00207252 movement
EpbgSKieCfy-00000-00000620-00000910 is here
EpbgSKieCfy-00001-00000911-00001362 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00002-00001363-00001726 finally I will go Saudi Arabia yes you
EpbgSKieCfy-00003-00001727-00001960 know Ramadan is really soon so I want to
EpbgSKieCfy-00004-00001961-00002225 try Ramadan in another country so that's
EpbgSKieCfy-00005-00002226-00002434 why I go south therapy at this time and
EpbgSKieCfy-00006-00002435-00002621 maybe I tried the ummah for the first
EpbgSKieCfy-00007-00002622-00002831 time in my life so I'm really excited
EpbgSKieCfy-00008-00002832-00003042 okay so I will eat
EpbgSKieCfy-00009-00003043-00003365 hey Brian okay so I will eat dinner in
EpbgSKieCfy-00010-00003365-00003640 here and I will go to airport directly
EpbgSKieCfy-00011-00003642-00004036 let's go eat first hey Brian hey what's
EpbgSKieCfy-00012-00004037-00004272 up how are you good good I just got
EpbgSKieCfy-00013-00004273-00004543 microblading
EpbgSKieCfy-00014-00004544-00004741 weird
EpbgSKieCfy-00015-00004742-00005083 my friends
EpbgSKieCfy-00016-00005084-00005897 our last time
EpbgSKieCfy-00017-00005898-00006152 foreign
EpbgSKieCfy-00018-00006153-00007709 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00019-00007711-00009595 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00020-00009596-00010027 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00021-00010028-00010445 Incheon Airport let's go to check in
EpbgSKieCfy-00022-00010446-00011806 first I'm so excited
EpbgSKieCfy-00023-00011807-00012228 excuse me the package
EpbgSKieCfy-00024-00012229-00012449 I can do it
EpbgSKieCfy-00025-00012450-00012740 let's go
EpbgSKieCfy-00026-00012741-00013024 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00027-00013025-00013397 there is Azan in the airport
EpbgSKieCfy-00028-00013397-00013705 it's very interesting
EpbgSKieCfy-00029-00013706-00013938 there are so many people
EpbgSKieCfy-00030-00013940-00014393 Dubai airport is so bad oh
EpbgSKieCfy-00031-00014394-00014880 sort of okay
EpbgSKieCfy-00032-00014881-00015941 the next station is right
EpbgSKieCfy-00033-00015941-00016063 oh
EpbgSKieCfy-00034-00016063-00016703 thank you so much
EpbgSKieCfy-00036-00019776-00020728 morning
EpbgSKieCfy-00037-00020729-00020939 oh look nice to meet you nice to meet
EpbgSKieCfy-00038-00020940-00021163 you nice to meet you nice to meet you
EpbgSKieCfy-00039-00021164-00021630 oh very long I'm so tired now yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00040-00021631-00021875 right now oh yeah right now right now
EpbgSKieCfy-00041-00021876-00022297 right now right now he's in a very far
EpbgSKieCfy-00042-00022298-00022571 you're going on the car so the car not
EpbgSKieCfy-00043-00022572-00022817 light oh yeah how long does it take
EpbgSKieCfy-00044-00022818-00023077 eight hours eight hours eight hours
EpbgSKieCfy-00045-00023078-00023308 we'll be back in real then like okay
EpbgSKieCfy-00046-00023309-00023585 okay okay okay perfect perfect life is
EpbgSKieCfy-00047-00023586-00024222 Journey as I told you masha'allah
EpbgSKieCfy-00048-00024223-00024385 thank you
EpbgSKieCfy-00049-00024386-00024741 thank you
EpbgSKieCfy-00050-00024742-00025439 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00051-00025440-00025789 yeah I've never been there so yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00052-00025789-00026050 this is my first time this will be my
EpbgSKieCfy-00053-00026051-00026446 first time inshallah I'm so excited even
EpbgSKieCfy-00054-00026447-00026573 in Ramadan
EpbgSKieCfy-00055-00026574-00027355 yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00056-00027356-00027593 thank you so much thank you so much for
EpbgSKieCfy-00057-00027594-00027839 inviting no yeah this is our pleasure
EpbgSKieCfy-00058-00027839-00028135 and inshallah you will be happy and you
EpbgSKieCfy-00059-00028136-00028402 get a good message from the Muslim
EpbgSKieCfy-00060-00028404-00028612 Brothers thank you thank you so much so
EpbgSKieCfy-00061-00028613-00028777 let's take you to
EpbgSKieCfy-00062-00028777-00029129 meet brothers who will take you to
EpbgSKieCfy-00063-00029130-00029311 Medina
EpbgSKieCfy-00064-00029312-00029818 guys okay thank you so much
EpbgSKieCfy-00065-00029819-00029970 enough
EpbgSKieCfy-00066-00029972-00030349 these are our cats
EpbgSKieCfy-00067-00030350-00030664 they come to welcome you oh thank you so
EpbgSKieCfy-00068-00030666-00031102 much thank you thank you so much kids
EpbgSKieCfy-00069-00031104-00033127 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00070-00033128-00033396 but I want to learn
EpbgSKieCfy-00071-00033397-00033827 inshallah I have to learn Arabic to read
EpbgSKieCfy-00072-00033828-00033931 Quran
EpbgSKieCfy-00073-00033932-00034259 if you have the well you will learn this
EpbgSKieCfy-00074-00034260-00034462 is my first time to come Saudi Arabia
EpbgSKieCfy-00075-00034463-00034979 yeah okay so and my first time with um
EpbgSKieCfy-00076-00034980-00035255 so this is my my room right that's right
EpbgSKieCfy-00077-00035256-00035411 it's my room my room okay thank you
EpbgSKieCfy-00078-00035412-00036102 thank you oh okay
EpbgSKieCfy-00079-00036103-00036617 so they allow me to stay their place so
EpbgSKieCfy-00080-00036618-00036868 actually I will go uh my dinner right
EpbgSKieCfy-00081-00036869-00037043 now but when I come back to riyans I
EpbgSKieCfy-00082-00037044-00037246 will stay here
EpbgSKieCfy-00083-00037247-00037402 oh my God
EpbgSKieCfy-00084-00037403-00037727 so good so good oh they are so so kind
EpbgSKieCfy-00085-00037728-00038645 so kind though
EpbgSKieCfy-00086-00038646-00038827 yes
EpbgSKieCfy-00087-00038828-00039012 inshallah
EpbgSKieCfy-00088-00039013-00041094 we want to yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00089-00041095-00041567 [Applause]
EpbgSKieCfy-00090-00041568-00041657 almost
EpbgSKieCfy-00091-00041658-00042005 in Korea one city one mustard is that it
EpbgSKieCfy-00092-00042006-00042393 is
EpbgSKieCfy-00093-00042394-00042715 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00094-00042716-00043440 two hours
EpbgSKieCfy-00095-00043441-00043649 ten hours
EpbgSKieCfy-00096-00043650-00043877 I think I will sleep in the car that's
EpbgSKieCfy-00097-00043878-00044002 too tired
EpbgSKieCfy-00098-00044003-00044267 from the flight but it will be amazing
EpbgSKieCfy-00099-00044268-00044549 and you're from Saudi Arabia I am from
EpbgSKieCfy-00100-00044550-00044839 Pakistan
EpbgSKieCfy-00101-00044840-00045118 so all different concepts but this is
EpbgSKieCfy-00102-00045119-00045443 amazing thing about mashallah the Islam
EpbgSKieCfy-00103-00045444-00045599 if you look at yourself you come from
EpbgSKieCfy-00104-00045600-00045823 another part of the world yes yes
EpbgSKieCfy-00105-00045824-00046235 you are very good in what you do Waleed
EpbgSKieCfy-00106-00046236-00046474 is uh MEP is an engineer he's a driver
EpbgSKieCfy-00107-00046475-00047035 I'm an engineer
EpbgSKieCfy-00108-00047036-00047274 or less
EpbgSKieCfy-00109-00047275-00047515 no color
EpbgSKieCfy-00110-00047516-00047951 location so stay in humor yes in front
EpbgSKieCfy-00111-00047952-00048161 of car and one inshallah when we go in
EpbgSKieCfy-00112-00048162-00048383 Medina you're going to see even bigger
EpbgSKieCfy-00113-00048384-00048673 Community yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00114-00048674-00049129 yeah oh it's
EpbgSKieCfy-00115-00049130-00050129 nice if you Muslim your brothers yes
EpbgSKieCfy-00117-00058404-00058709 so finally I came to Saudi Arabia and it
EpbgSKieCfy-00118-00058710-00059044 feels uh really really amazing this is
EpbgSKieCfy-00119-00059045-00059380 like the start of everything so I'm so
EpbgSKieCfy-00120-00059382-00059609 honored and so happy and I'm so happy to
EpbgSKieCfy-00121-00059610-00059963 meet this kind and amazing people just
EpbgSKieCfy-00122-00059964-00060215 just I came to Saudi Arabia just one day
EpbgSKieCfy-00123-00060216-00060509 and I met a lot of good people amazing
EpbgSKieCfy-00124-00060510-00060863 people so alhamdulillah my journey is so
EpbgSKieCfy-00125-00060864-00061175 blessed so I'm so happy and this is the
EpbgSKieCfy-00126-00061176-00061385 first time I pray in the Masjid in Saudi
EpbgSKieCfy-00127-00061386-00061535 Arabia and I feel I feel really
EpbgSKieCfy-00128-00061536-00061792 emotional it's really emotional and
EpbgSKieCfy-00129-00061794-00062123 uh I don't know why like praying in
EpbgSKieCfy-00130-00062124-00062399 Korea and praying in Saudi Arabia is so
EpbgSKieCfy-00131-00062400-00062644 different the feeling is different and
EpbgSKieCfy-00132-00062645-00062969 it's hard to explain but everything was
EpbgSKieCfy-00133-00062970-00063292 so so amazing emotional and I felt yeah
EpbgSKieCfy-00134-00063294-00063565 I felt right it's
EpbgSKieCfy-00135-00063566-00063844 it's really good and I'm so excited to
EpbgSKieCfy-00136-00063845-00064097 go Medina and Mecca and umla everything
EpbgSKieCfy-00137-00064098-00064588 and Ramadan so keep safe yes yes of
EpbgSKieCfy-00138-00064589-00064729 course yes
EpbgSKieCfy-00139-00064729-00065056 thank you so much it's Ramadan soon so
EpbgSKieCfy-00140-00065057-00065321 prepare Madame with your family well may
EpbgSKieCfy-00141-00065322-00065585 Allah bless you reward you and may Allah
EpbgSKieCfy-00142-00065586-00065956 our fasting and our praying inshaallah
EpbgSKieCfy-00143-00065957-00066131 see you in Medina and thank you for
EpbgSKieCfy-00144-00066132-00066335 watching my video take care be safe
EpbgSKieCfy-00145-00066336-00066512 alhamdulillah
EpbgSKieCfy-00146-00066513-00067237 [Music]
EpbgSKieCfy-00147-00067238-00067906 okay then I will okay then see you soon
EpbgSKieCfy-00148-00067907-00068076 mashallah
EpbgSKieCfy-00149-00068077-00068338 let's go
EpbgSKieCfy-00150-00068339-00068635 I've been waiting
EpbgSKieCfy-00151-00068636-00069071 I've been hurting cause I've been
EpbgSKieCfy-00152-00069072-00069238 falling
EpbgSKieCfy-00153-00069239-00069550 I need your help
EpbgSKieCfy-00154-00069551-00069856 my heart is breaking
EpbgSKieCfy-00155-00069857-00070289 so tired of crying
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00000-00000000-00000271 that's fine so basically what you have
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00001-00000272-00000478 what we have is
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00002-00000479-00000751 this screen material it has a smooth
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00003-00000752-00001023 side which is the emulsion side
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00004-00001024-00001231 not really sure what the emulsion is i
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00005-00001232-00001543 don't i totally don't understand
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00006-00001544-00001743 what's going on here
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00007-00001744-00002007 anyway you put the emulsion side
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00008-00002007-00002231 down on your
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00009-00002232-00002439 your text
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00010-00002440-00002558 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00011-00002559-00002710 or it could be an image it has to be
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00012-00002711-00003007 black and white and you put it in an
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00013-00003008-00003319 acetate carrier and then you just
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00014-00003320-00003535 feed it in here
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00015-00003536-00003767 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00016-00003768-00004295 there's a light and it's hot
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00017-00004296-00004447 and somehow
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00018-00004448-00004791 the carbon reacts with the heat
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00019-00004792-00005022 the carbon in the ink reacts with the
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00020-00005023-00005222 heat and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00021-00005223-00005391 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00022-00005392-00005527 i doubt if that's going to come out in
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00023-00005528-00005615 the
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00024-00005616-00006054 video but it burns you can see
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00025-00006055-00006183 paley
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00026-00006184-00006406 now just to make sure i'm going to run
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00027-00006408-00006719 it through a second time
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00028-00006720-00007070 to make sure it's really good and glass
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00029-00007072-00007206 because i've had a little trouble lately
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00030-00007208-00007551 although it turned out it was because my
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00031-00007552-00007774 my computer printer was
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00032-00007775-00007942 running out of ink and so the black
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00033-00007943-00008142 wasn't black enough
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00034-00008143-00008319 and i have replaced it so it's probably
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00035-00008320-00008623 fine
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00036-00008624-00008927 i had a really hard time getting
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00037-00008928-00009142 the book covers
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00038-00009143-00009342 photographed
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00039-00009343-00009742 well enough to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00040-00009743-00009910 to make a good
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00041-00009911-00010206 coffee so in the end
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00042-00010207-00010399 i actually cheated
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00043-00010400-00010478 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00044-00010479-00010655 type set these
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00045-00010656-00010855 i looked at the original
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00046-00010856-00010983 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00047-00010984-00011310 just made it
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00048-00011311-00011438 as close
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00049-00011439-00011599 as i could
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00050-00011600-00011759 this is the only one that i'm actually
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00051-00011760-00011999 using the photograph because
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00052-00012000-00012103 um
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00053-00012104-00012303 it's an interesting the
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00054-00012304-00012503 way that
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00055-00012504-00012710 the letters have been broken up i mean
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00056-00012711-00013054 obviously i couldn't imitate that
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00057-00013055-00014358 [Music]
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00058-00014359-00014527 i think this is pale enough it's not
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00059-00014528-00015022 going to read
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00060-00015023-00015335 there
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00061-00015336-00015479 so that
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00062-00015480-00015935 is the process
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00063-00015936-00016255 this is the screen and that we made from
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00064-00016256-00016335 the
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00065-00016336-00016543 thermofax machine
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00066-00016544-00016791 so you make sure that you've got it
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00067-00016792-00017007 i can read the text i've used this
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00068-00017008-00017230 before so you can use a faint outline
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00069-00017231-00017399 and so i know that i've got it right way
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00070-00017400-00017471 up
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00071-00017472-00017911 and i always just do a test one on the
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00072-00017912-00018230 on some scrap paper
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00073-00018231-00018527 this ink um
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00074-00018528-00018822 comes as a as a base with then
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00075-00018823-00019014 colors that you can add and you have to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00076-00019015-00019303 add a fixative which is quite liquid
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00077-00019304-00019519 so you have to add as much fixative as
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00078-00019520-00019735 you had pigment and in order to get a
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00079-00019736-00019911 black black i have to add a lot of
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00080-00019912-00020086 pigment which means a lot of fixatives
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00081-00020087-00020271 so the ink gets kind of runny it's a
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00082-00020272-00020391 little
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00083-00020392-00020678 um harder to use than the colored
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00084-00020679-00020927 ink so all i do i want to block that
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00085-00020928-00021078 with my hand but i do need to put my
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00086-00021079-00021350 hand here is um
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00087-00021351-00021558 i put it on this
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00088-00021559-00022030 it's my old driver's license and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00089-00022031-00022847 scrape along here
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00090-00022848-00023135 i'm just holding the screen steady there
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00091-00023136-00023911 and
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00092-00023912-00024094 there we then
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00093-00024095-00024342 so that's okay it's not so
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00094-00024343-00024583 hard when you've got just a small bit of
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00095-00024584-00024727 text like this
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00096-00024728-00024935 but
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00097-00024936-00025191 when i have a page that's got a lot of
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00098-00025192-00025734 text on it then i have to figure out
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00099-00025735-00027207 so i can probably do half and half
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00100-00027208-00028031 i didn't quite get that word
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00101-00028032-00028270 now i've missed i've missed these last
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00102-00028272-00028470 two words here so i'm going to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00103-00028472-00028655 try going this way and i have missed
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00104-00028656-00028895 this
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00105-00028895-00029046 i think i've got it
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00106-00029047-00029207 so then i
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00107-00029208-00029439 i keep holding it just
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00108-00029439-00029823 so it doesn't move and i just peek
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00109-00029824-00030023 so i can see that i've got this word
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00110-00030024-00030311 important here and i actually
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00111-00030312-00030487 don't have the n and the t i don't know
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00112-00030488-00031223 if i have enough ink left on this
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00113-00031224-00031487 yeah i got it now
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00114-00031488-00031718 there we go so that's
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00115-00031719-00031879 and sometimes
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00116-00031880-00032062 when i
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00117-00032063-00032279 when i lift it up to see and i've missed
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00118-00032280-00032495 something and i put it down again and i
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00119-00032495-00032655 do another pass
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00120-00032656-00032751 then
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00121-00032752-00032999 it actually moves a little and i get
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00122-00033000-00033295 double letters and so that's
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00123-00033296-00033446 a write-off i'm going to try again to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00124-00033447-00033623 make sure this time i go far enough to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00125-00033624-00033902 get those words and i still have enough
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00126-00033903-00034862 ink here
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00127-00034863-00035007 that's better there that's actually
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00128-00035008-00035287 really nice sometimes a little too much
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00129-00035288-00035487 ink gets on the back and then i have to
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00130-00035488-00035623 i take a piece of
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00131-00035624-00035887 kleenex and try to clean it off or i can
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00132-00035888-00036135 wash the whole screen so that's how i've
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00133-00036136-00036711 been printing these books
EOeI2wYQ8Y8-00134-00036712-00036919 you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00000-00000322-00000868 okay good morning everyone so as as you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00001-00000869-00001117 saw coming in there's a handout and it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00002-00001118-00001343 looks the same as the prior one from
EP-TTe4YOBE-00003-00001344-00001597 that I handed out last class but didn't
EP-TTe4YOBE-00004-00001598-00001846 get around to I decided to recap here
EP-TTe4YOBE-00005-00001847-00002059 time I updated one or two minor things
EP-TTe4YOBE-00006-00002060-00002209 and also of course added a few extra
EP-TTe4YOBE-00007-00002210-00002524 pages so you can discard the ten a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00008-00002525-00002731 handout from prior and we'll use this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00009-00002732-00003118 one dated 16 / 18th of March and just
EP-TTe4YOBE-00010-00003119-00003411 recap what we've looked at so far in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00011-00003412-00003577 terms of non linear programming we've
EP-TTe4YOBE-00012-00003578-00003861 looked at an LPS without constraints and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00013-00003863-00004056 we're pretty good at and comfortable at
EP-TTe4YOBE-00014-00004057-00004272 understanding that was the topic in the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00015-00004273-00004492 midterm where we saw that we used line
EP-TTe4YOBE-00016-00004493-00004678 search we use Newton's method quasi
EP-TTe4YOBE-00017-00004679-00004885 Newton's method can be used so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00018-00004886-00005113 unconstrained problems are quite easily
EP-TTe4YOBE-00019-00005114-00005500 solved and so no surprise in that what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00020-00005501-00005745 we've been seeing is a way to move
EP-TTe4YOBE-00021-00005746-00005922 constraint problems to unconstrained
EP-TTe4YOBE-00022-00005923-00006136 problems the one approach we've seen
EP-TTe4YOBE-00023-00006137-00006456 already is to simply just ignore the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00024-00006457-00006631 constraints and then check them at the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00025-00006631-00006813 end and we'll see that coming up again
EP-TTe4YOBE-00026-00006814-00007074 today with LaGrange multipliers the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00027-00007075-00007328 second approach is to penalize
EP-TTe4YOBE-00028-00007329-00007524 deviations of the constraints and you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00029-00007525-00007669 saw that in the assignment that you've
EP-TTe4YOBE-00030-00007670-00007956 been working through this third approach
EP-TTe4YOBE-00031-00007957-00008130 that we're going to look at today is the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00032-00008131-00008298 Lagrange multiplier approach which you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00033-00008299-00008610 will see does a similar step as the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00034-00008611-00008934 penalty approach except it works for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00035-00008935-00009205 only equality constraints we're going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00036-00009206-00009523 see that coming up in a minute and it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00037-00009524-00009730 penalize ha's deviations from that so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00038-00009731-00009948 now let's take get a visual picture
EP-TTe4YOBE-00039-00009949-00010230 going here when we're looking at
EP-TTe4YOBE-00040-00010231-00010434 Lagrange multipliers I'm not sure if
EP-TTe4YOBE-00041-00010435-00010674 this was covered in your math course
EP-TTe4YOBE-00042-00010675-00010809 well sorry I know that Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00043-00010810-00010923 multipliers is covered in your math
EP-TTe4YOBE-00044-00010924-00011115 course just not sure that if you've seen
EP-TTe4YOBE-00045-00011116-00011352 the geometric interpretation of it which
EP-TTe4YOBE-00046-00011353-00011592 is a helpful way to start and then we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00047-00011593-00011874 can go look at the algebra so the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00048-00011875-00012048 picture that you can have in your mind
EP-TTe4YOBE-00049-00012049-00012321 and we'll explain everything at the end
EP-TTe4YOBE-00050-00012322-00012717 is a geometric picture where with let's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00051-00012718-00012924 just start here by looking at as simple
EP-TTe4YOBE-00052-00012925-00013191 with a simple system with two variables
EP-TTe4YOBE-00053-00013193-00013419 x1 and x2
EP-TTe4YOBE-00054-00013420-00013803 and if we draw contours here we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00055-00013804-00014080 aiming to get to that center point if
EP-TTe4YOBE-00056-00014081-00014703 this was unconstrained so this is my
EP-TTe4YOBE-00057-00014704-00014986 unconstrained function f of X and it's a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00058-00014987-00015180 function of two variables X 1 and X 2
EP-TTe4YOBE-00059-00015181-00015352 the horizontal and vertical axis which
EP-TTe4YOBE-00060-00015353-00015721 I'll just leave out here but a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00061-00015722-00016108 constraint then modifies this right a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00062-00016109-00016311 constraint would be and I'm going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00063-00016312-00016500 draw it here in red would be something
EP-TTe4YOBE-00064-00016501-00016999 like a nonlinear curve that comes like
EP-TTe4YOBE-00065-00017000-00017392 this so this is a constraint H of X is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00066-00017393-00017644 equal to some constant B so it's a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00067-00017645-00018241 nonlinear H it's not a linear H and the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00068-00018242-00018414 understanding that we need to take from
EP-TTe4YOBE-00069-00018415-00018508 this from the Lagrange multiplier
EP-TTe4YOBE-00070-00018509-00018844 approach is that we have to move along
EP-TTe4YOBE-00071-00018845-00019167 that red curve okay so we're we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00072-00019168-00019369 constrained to lie along that curve and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00073-00019370-00019711 let's um let's just make this give some
EP-TTe4YOBE-00074-00019712-00019869 key direction here we're aiming to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00075-00019870-00020468 minimize it will we're heading downhill
EP-TTe4YOBE-00076-00020469-00020706 so what you can think of it is almost
EP-TTe4YOBE-00077-00020707-00020953 like a marble or a ball sitting over
EP-TTe4YOBE-00078-00020954-00021175 here and it's rolling along this red
EP-TTe4YOBE-00079-00021176-00021615 curve it has to obey that constraint but
EP-TTe4YOBE-00080-00021616-00021796 we're trying to minimize the function so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00081-00021797-00021922 what will happen is that this ball will
EP-TTe4YOBE-00082-00021923-00022236 roll down this function H of X it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00083-00022237-00022500 rolling downhill and if it goes beyond
EP-TTe4YOBE-00084-00022501-00022699 this point it starts to roll uphill
EP-TTe4YOBE-00085-00022700-00023025 again so the ball will come and settle
EP-TTe4YOBE-00086-00023026-00023278 at equilibrium right at that point over
EP-TTe4YOBE-00087-00023279-00023814 there okay that's the best optimum we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00088-00023815-00024090 have to stay along H of x equals B obey
EP-TTe4YOBE-00089-00024091-00024315 that constraint while still minimizing f
EP-TTe4YOBE-00090-00024316-00024636 of X okay so if you want to write this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00091-00024637-00024834 mathematically what we've solved there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00092-00024835-00025155 geometrically is the problem to minimize
EP-TTe4YOBE-00093-00025156-00025858 f of X subject to H of x equals B that's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00094-00025858-00026002 the geometric picture to have in your
EP-TTe4YOBE-00095-00026002-00026532 mind for a single constraint H of X
EP-TTe4YOBE-00096-00026533-00026830 what the insight from the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00097-00026831-00027145 multiplier method is is that at that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00098-00027145-00027595 point the forces are in balance on that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00099-00027595-00027757 particle so if you want to see this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00100-00027758-00028000 clearly from a physical point of view we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00101-00028001-00028300 can see that by observing that at that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00102-00028301-00028729 location the gradient of the H function
EP-TTe4YOBE-00103-00028730-00028981 it's also nonlinear function so we can
EP-TTe4YOBE-00104-00028982-00029251 calculate gradients for it a tangential
EP-TTe4YOBE-00105-00029252-00029425 plane can be calculated and we can find
EP-TTe4YOBE-00106-00029426-00029767 that the gradient vector for H is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00107-00029768-00030556 pointing in this direction here so it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00108-00030557-00030898 the gradient of H and the gradient
EP-TTe4YOBE-00109-00030899-00031114 vector then for the function f is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00110-00031114-00031474 pointing in exactly the opposite
EP-TTe4YOBE-00111-00031475-00032251 direction
EP-TTe4YOBE-00112-00032252-00032473 and we can make this explicit that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00113-00032474-00032683 that's the gradient at the optimum X
EP-TTe4YOBE-00114-00032684-00033363 star so the insight from the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00115-00033364-00033724 approach is that at that optimum these
EP-TTe4YOBE-00116-00033725-00034054 gradients are collinear so if they're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00117-00034055-00034294 spaced still here in your area you might
EP-TTe4YOBE-00118-00034295-00034678 want to add that here is that the grade
EP-TTe4YOBE-00119-00034679-00035260 at the optimum the gradients are
EP-TTe4YOBE-00120-00035261-00036118 collinear let's express that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00121-00036119-00036430 mathematically collinearity says that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00122-00036431-00036912 the gradient of the function and of the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00123-00036913-00037216 constraints are collinear can be
EP-TTe4YOBE-00124-00037217-00037714 expressed as saying that they're equal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00125-00037715-00037972 to each other let's use this coefficient
EP-TTe4YOBE-00126-00037973-00038686 here with V is equal to the gradient of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00127-00038687-00039013 F why am i introducing this coefficient
EP-TTe4YOBE-00128-00039014-00039451 V well V is the constant of collinearity
EP-TTe4YOBE-00129-00039452-00039730 these gradients are not necessarily
EP-TTe4YOBE-00130-00039731-00039985 going to have the same magnitude so V
EP-TTe4YOBE-00131-00039986-00040243 accounts for that so V then is simply a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00132-00040244-00041530 constant either positive or negative
EP-TTe4YOBE-00133-00041531-00041840 okay so collinearity just simply means
EP-TTe4YOBE-00134-00041841-00041936 that they're pulling in the same
EP-TTe4YOBE-00135-00041937-00042314 direction or in perfect opposite
EP-TTe4YOBE-00136-00042315-00042599 direction so that's also still collinear
EP-TTe4YOBE-00137-00042600-00042923 if it's in 180 degrees from each other
EP-TTe4YOBE-00138-00042924-00043094 that's still considered collinear or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00139-00043095-00043315 these two vectors could be exactly
EP-TTe4YOBE-00140-00043316-00043535 parallel or parallel to each other with
EP-TTe4YOBE-00141-00043536-00043787 different magnitudes so what V does is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00142-00043788-00044054 it just it lines up the collinearity
EP-TTe4YOBE-00143-00044055-00044287 over there for us so that's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00144-00044288-00044515 mathematical expression of saying
EP-TTe4YOBE-00145-00044516-00044809 something is collinear
EP-TTe4YOBE-00146-00044810-00045065 so two things we have to notice is that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00147-00045066-00045257 at the optimum the gradients are
EP-TTe4YOBE-00148-00045258-00045515 collinear and the second key point we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00149-00045516-00045921 have to observe is that at the optimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00150-00045922-00046349 we are on the constraints so second
EP-TTe4YOBE-00151-00046350-00047237 point is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00152-00047238-00047871 there's a question yeah because the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00153-00047872-00047946 vectors are gonna have different
EP-TTe4YOBE-00154-00047947-00048195 magnitudes right so the V will will will
EP-TTe4YOBE-00155-00048196-00048429 make them that you can set them equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00156-00048430-00048474 each other
EP-TTe4YOBE-00157-00048475-00048660 you can simply see V as a constant of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00158-00048661-00049278 proportionality these are two points
EP-TTe4YOBE-00159-00049279-00049520 that you have to notice from this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00160-00049521-00049752 firstly we observe that at the optimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00161-00049753-00049977 the gradients are collinear and we are
EP-TTe4YOBE-00162-00049978-00050979 on the constraint at the optimum so when
EP-TTe4YOBE-00163-00050980-00051134 we derive the lagrange method
EP-TTe4YOBE-00164-00051135-00051372 mathematically don't we just don't want
EP-TTe4YOBE-00165-00051373-00051542 to just use brute force algebra we want
EP-TTe4YOBE-00166-00051544-00051801 to actually see these two features
EP-TTe4YOBE-00167-00051802-00052083 coming out of the lagrange method when
EP-TTe4YOBE-00168-00052084-00052347 you learnt lagrange in second year you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00169-00052348-00052503 probably just saw a whole lot of lambdas
EP-TTe4YOBE-00170-00052504-00052734 and set things equal to zero and you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00171-00052735-00052916 just believed it right but let's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00172-00052917-00053124 actually figure out what what this means
EP-TTe4YOBE-00173-00053125-00053499 practically okay so that's the picture
EP-TTe4YOBE-00174-00053500-00053928 in your mind let's now try this out on
EP-TTe4YOBE-00175-00053929-00054258 an actual problem where we introduce the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00176-00054259-00054459 theory first and then you're going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00177-00054460-00054738 practice it right below it so the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00178-00054739-00054880 Lagrange multiplier method
EP-TTe4YOBE-00179-00054882-00055227 mathematically takes your your objective
EP-TTe4YOBE-00180-00055228-00055554 function f of X subject to a variety of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00181-00055554-00055845 equality constraints okay
EP-TTe4YOBE-00182-00055846-00056025 now warning bells are probably going or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00183-00056026-00056175 fears like why what happens to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00184-00056176-00056492 inequality constraints okay we'll come
EP-TTe4YOBE-00185-00056494-00056697 and address those in a minute but for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00186-00056698-00057051 now let's notice that the lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00187-00057052-00057195 method only works on equality
EP-TTe4YOBE-00188-00057196-00057408 constraints and multiple equality
EP-TTe4YOBE-00189-00057409-00057741 constraints so we've got k equals 1 2 3
EP-TTe4YOBE-00190-00057741-00057996 up to m equality constraints over there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00191-00057997-00058344 and what the lagrange method does is it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00192-00058345-00058575 forms a new function similar to the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00193-00058576-00058803 penalty approach we saw earlier it takes
EP-TTe4YOBE-00194-00058804-00059198 that original function f of X and it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00195-00059199-00059613 forms the sum the sum has m terms so one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00196-00059614-00059799 term in that summation for every
EP-TTe4YOBE-00197-00059800-00060066 equality constraint that you have and it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00198-00060066-00060396 says take HK of X minus B and that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00199-00060397-00060587 multiple multiplies a by a Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00200-00060588-00061192 multiply a V subscript K ok so that's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00201-00061194-00061424 the mathematics let's go try it out I'll
EP-TTe4YOBE-00202-00061425-00061700 give you a minute to write the lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00203-00061701-00062024 function l as a function of X and V for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00204-00062025-00062171 this problem where there's three search
EP-TTe4YOBE-00205-00062172-00062542 variables X 1 X 2 X 3 there's 2 equality
EP-TTe4YOBE-00206-00062544-00062801 constraints so 2 equality constraints
EP-TTe4YOBE-00207-00062802-00062954 you should have 2 Lagrange multipliers
EP-TTe4YOBE-00208-00062954-00063320 and write that out there applying that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00209-00063321-00063710 formula work with the person next to you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00210-00063711-00063904 if you if you're not sure quite sure of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00212-00073117-00073408 okay so you should have a V one term and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00213-00073409-00073996 a V 2 V 2 term in that summation yeah
EP-TTe4YOBE-00214-00073997-00074334 everyone in agreement with that okay so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00215-00074335-00074527 if you're writing that letter
EP-TTe4YOBE-00216-00074528-00074722 it's simple substitution that our new
EP-TTe4YOBE-00217-00074723-00075139 function L X V is equal to the original
EP-TTe4YOBE-00218-00075140-00076044 function 6x 1 squared plus 4x 2 squared
EP-TTe4YOBE-00219-00076045-00076513 plus X 3 squared then we add in this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00220-00076514-00076807 summation here so minus V 1 the first
EP-TTe4YOBE-00221-00076808-00077011 constraint is expressed in the form of H
EP-TTe4YOBE-00222-00077012-00077823 minus BK so 24 X 1 + 24 X 2 minus 360
EP-TTe4YOBE-00223-00077824-00078779 minus V 2 times X 3 minus 1 yeah
EP-TTe4YOBE-00224-00078780-00079000 okay so now what we're going to do is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00225-00079001-00079213 instead of minimizing this original
EP-TTe4YOBE-00226-00079214-00079444 problem we're minimizing this revised
EP-TTe4YOBE-00227-00079445-00079900 problem take a look at that it's no
EP-TTe4YOBE-00228-00079901-00080182 difference to the penalty method that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00229-00080183-00080350 we've seen before we've got our original
EP-TTe4YOBE-00230-00080351-00080638 function over here this this portion is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00231-00080639-00080869 at my original function and then we've
EP-TTe4YOBE-00232-00080870-00081232 got a variety of penalty terms so you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00233-00081233-00081503 can visualize these parts here in red as
EP-TTe4YOBE-00234-00081504-00082156 as penalties in some way if we're trying
EP-TTe4YOBE-00235-00082157-00082462 to minimize this part we're also trying
EP-TTe4YOBE-00236-00082463-00082861 to minimize this penalty now remember
EP-TTe4YOBE-00237-00082862-00083179 this is an equality constraint so at the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00238-00083180-00083554 optimum if we are on that constraints 24
EP-TTe4YOBE-00239-00083555-00083938 X 1 plus 24x 2 will equal 360 and this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00240-00083939-00084103 term here in the brackets will disappear
EP-TTe4YOBE-00241-00084104-00084505 so this whole thing here should be 0 at
EP-TTe4YOBE-00242-00084506-00084803 the optimum and 0 times any constant is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00243-00084804-00085081 still 0 and at the optimum this term
EP-TTe4YOBE-00244-00085082-00085478 should be 0 so at the optimum this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00245-00085479-00085796 revised problem will have the same
EP-TTe4YOBE-00246-00085797-00086015 numeric value then as if we had
EP-TTe4YOBE-00247-00086016-00086644 minimized the original f of X it's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00248-00086645-00086834 it's the definition for the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00249-00086835-00087607 process it's a penalty yeah the sign of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00250-00087608-00087892 V can can be positive or negative v is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00251-00087893-00088048 not constrained to be positive on it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00252-00088049-00088572 yeah
EP-TTe4YOBE-00253-00088573-00089065 yeah well we're going to we're going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00254-00089066-00089245 take a look at these in a minute right
EP-TTe4YOBE-00255-00089246-00089509 for v+ yes this will minimize if he is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00256-00089510-00089659 negative it's going to minimize negative
EP-TTe4YOBE-00257-00089660-00089911 but remember we have to be this has to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00258-00089912-00090190 be come out in at the end that this term
EP-TTe4YOBE-00259-00090191-00090391 will be zero otherwise we haven't
EP-TTe4YOBE-00260-00090392-00090706 actually we're not obeying one of our
EP-TTe4YOBE-00261-00090707-00091018 constraints okay so it will be is or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00262-00091019-00091486 should be 0 at the optimum so I want as
EP-TTe4YOBE-00263-00091487-00091741 this problem is hope is introducing a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00264-00091742-00091843 number of things that we're going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00265-00091844-00092056 pick up later in the theory derivation I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00266-00092057-00092200 just wanted to show them here
EP-TTe4YOBE-00267-00092201-00092697 numerically so when we're trying to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00268-00092698-00093232 solve this new problem now minimize L of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00269-00093233-00093463 X V we know that we can convert that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00270-00093464-00093844 into a different system where we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00271-00093845-00094255 minimize the derivatives of l x.v and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00272-00094256-00094567 set them equal to 0 and if we can solve
EP-TTe4YOBE-00273-00094568-00094785 this problem now where we set those
EP-TTe4YOBE-00274-00094786-00095113 first derivatives of L it's called the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00275-00095114-00095667 Jacobian so if we can set the Jacobian
EP-TTe4YOBE-00276-00095668-00096055 equal to 0 then that is the optimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00277-00096056-00096415 solution so it looks like we've actually
EP-TTe4YOBE-00278-00096416-00096574 grown the problem we've grown the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00279-00096575-00096892 problem from three variables to five
EP-TTe4YOBE-00280-00096893-00097177 variables we're now instead of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00281-00097178-00097315 minimizing a function of three variables
EP-TTe4YOBE-00282-00097316-00097558 we're now minimizing a function of five
EP-TTe4YOBE-00283-00097559-00097933 variables here but what I'm going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00284-00097934-00098131 show you in a while is that this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00285-00098132-00098482 actually is a reduction in some way it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00286-00098483-00098695 reduces the size of the space that we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00287-00098696-00098983 we're dealing with so let's let's take a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00288-00098984-00099285 look at this problem just once again
EP-TTe4YOBE-00289-00099286-00099520 geometrically can you visualize what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00290-00099521-00099799 that objective function looks like what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00291-00099800-00100309 does that remind you of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00292-00100310-00100628 that first equation 6x square X 1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00293-00100629-00100838 squared plus 4 X 2 squared plus X 3
EP-TTe4YOBE-00294-00100839-00101729 squared yeah Tyler all of these are
EP-TTe4YOBE-00295-00101730-00102328 positive terms ok geometrically sorry
EP-TTe4YOBE-00296-00102329-00102590 the optimum will be 0 if there were no
EP-TTe4YOBE-00297-00102591-00102800 constraints okay but with constraints
EP-TTe4YOBE-00298-00102801-00103183 this is not true what shape does this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00299-00103184-00103514 have geometrically it's a convex
EP-TTe4YOBE-00300-00103515-00103807 function okay so none of not quite the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00301-00103808-00103946 answer there but it's true
EP-TTe4YOBE-00302-00103947-00104090 it's a convex function but what shape is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00303-00104091-00104709 this geometrically Joseph tr quadratic
EP-TTe4YOBE-00304-00104710-00105128 it's a quadratic Bowl it's a sphere
EP-TTe4YOBE-00305-00105129-00105500 we're in three dimensions X 1 X 2 X 3 if
EP-TTe4YOBE-00306-00105501-00105683 all their coefficients will were the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00307-00105683-00105845 same value it would be a sphere it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00308-00105846-00106133 their different coefficients so it's a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00309-00106133-00106333 squashed sphere or an ellipsoid or a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00310-00106334-00106759 rugby ball shape okay so it's that's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00311-00106760-00106978 visual picture of that function you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00312-00106979-00107339 don't have to on be able to visualize
EP-TTe4YOBE-00313-00107340-00107525 every function but if we can visualize
EP-TTe4YOBE-00314-00107526-00107825 it it certainly helps so let's see what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00315-00107826-00108041 the constraint does imagine it a shape
EP-TTe4YOBE-00316-00108042-00108385 of a 3d sphere and the first constraint
EP-TTe4YOBE-00317-00108386-00108767 says 24 X 1 plus 24 x 2 equals 360
EP-TTe4YOBE-00318-00108768-00109033 that's the equation of a plane so it's a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00319-00109034-00109210 plane that cuts through the sphere in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00320-00109211-00109688 some way so instead of minimizing this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00321-00109689-00109970 original function we're now operating on
EP-TTe4YOBE-00322-00109971-00110185 the sphere that's cut through by a plane
EP-TTe4YOBE-00323-00110186-00110393 so wherever that plane intersects the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00324-00110394-00110657 sphere so you have to imagine this in 3d
EP-TTe4YOBE-00325-00110658-00110840 I can't draw it here on the board for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00326-00110841-00111083 you wherever that plane intersects the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00327-00111083-00111383 sphere is where our potential optimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00328-00111383-00111658 lies and there's another constraint that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00329-00111659-00111830 simplifies things down for us even
EP-TTe4YOBE-00330-00111831-00112073 further we've got this very artificial
EP-TTe4YOBE-00331-00112074-00112364 constraint X 3 equals 1 which reduces
EP-TTe4YOBE-00332-00112365-00112547 the problem even more still it actually
EP-TTe4YOBE-00333-00112548-00112658 takes it down from a being a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00334-00112658-00112906 three-dimensional problem X 1 X 2 X 3
EP-TTe4YOBE-00335-00112907-00113133 down to a two-dimensional problem
EP-TTe4YOBE-00336-00113134-00113509 because this last constraint reduces the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00337-00113510-00113602 problem size and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00338-00113603-00113950 it fixes it to one okay so we could
EP-TTe4YOBE-00339-00113951-00114160 actually go back and resold this this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00340-00114161-00114482 objective function here as 6 X 1 squared
EP-TTe4YOBE-00341-00114483-00114932 plus 4 X 2 squared plus 1 and drop out
EP-TTe4YOBE-00342-00114933-00115181 that last constraint I'm doing this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00343-00115182-00115481 intentionally to drive a point home that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00344-00115482-00115924 is going to come up very soon so what I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00345-00115925-00116083 want you to see with equality
EP-TTe4YOBE-00346-00116084-00116203 constraints is that they're actually
EP-TTe4YOBE-00347-00116204-00116396 beneficial in some way they reduce the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00348-00116397-00116536 space in which you can search an
EP-TTe4YOBE-00349-00116537-00116809 inequality simply says operate to the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00350-00116810-00117028 left or to the right of this plane but
EP-TTe4YOBE-00351-00117029-00117250 an equality is even more restrictive it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00352-00117251-00117446 says you have to operate on this line
EP-TTe4YOBE-00353-00117447-00117700 and so it's a great reduction in the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00354-00117701-00117952 space where we can find our potential
EP-TTe4YOBE-00355-00117953-00118053 solutions
EP-TTe4YOBE-00356-00118054-00118532 ok so we're comfortable with a geometric
EP-TTe4YOBE-00357-00118533-00118729 picture from earlier on where we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00358-00118730-00118943 seeing the algebraic interpretation of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00359-00118944-00119164 the Lagrange multiplier and I've shown
EP-TTe4YOBE-00360-00119165-00119393 you that when we convert that problem
EP-TTe4YOBE-00361-00119394-00119599 into this form here our new problem is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00362-00119600-00119783 finding the first derivative is equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00363-00119783-00120103 0 so go ahead and set the first
EP-TTe4YOBE-00364-00120104-00120525 derivatives of that function to 0 and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00365-00120526-00120916 you should be able to find by hand so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00366-00120917-00121171 maybe maybe takes about three minutes or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00367-00121172-00121513 so over the page I'll leave that up
EP-TTe4YOBE-00368-00121514-00121733 there on the board let's find the first
EP-TTe4YOBE-00369-00121733-00122097 derivatives of L with respect to X 1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00370-00122098-00122797 with respect to X 2 so you set those
EP-TTe4YOBE-00371-00122798-00123175 equal to zero DL by DX to set that equal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00372-00123176-00123944 to zero the L by DX 3 set that equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00373-00123945-00124348 zero DL with respect to V 1 set that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00374-00124349-00125006 equal to zero and DL with respect to V 2
EP-TTe4YOBE-00375-00125007-00125164 set that equal to zero so you're going
EP-TTe4YOBE-00376-00125165-00125443 to get five equations in five unknowns
EP-TTe4YOBE-00377-00125444-00125943 you can solve this really quickly
EP-TTe4YOBE-00378-00125944-00126159 you've already got one of the unknowns
EP-TTe4YOBE-00379-00126160-00127707 x3 is equal to one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00380-00127708-00128098 right so yeah what I've written over
EP-TTe4YOBE-00381-00128099-00128283 there on the left hand side board is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00382-00128284-00128839 simply this equation written outs for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00383-00128840-00130175 the five constituent parts
EP-TTe4YOBE-00384-00130176-00130436 yeah so you give it a calculate try to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00386-00140138-00140513 it was v2
EP-TTe4YOBE-00387-00140514-00141002 vitu it's not a half-year it's minus v1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00388-00141003-00141470 minus v2 yeah yeah throw each each V
EP-TTe4YOBE-00389-00141471-00142040 over there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00390-00142041-00142344 yeah absolutely you can solve this just
EP-TTe4YOBE-00392-00147790-00148001 there's a reason why I'm asking you to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00393-00148002-00148136 solve this by hand it's because you're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00394-00148137-00148366 proving something about their theory as
EP-TTe4YOBE-00395-00148367-00148564 you're doing this or you should notice
EP-TTe4YOBE-00397-00153341-00153656 that's the definition right set the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00398-00153657-00153803 jacobian equal to zero is where the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00399-00153804-00156635 optimum is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00400-00156636-00156959 so anything you notice that special
EP-TTe4YOBE-00401-00156960-00157696 about the last two partial derivatives
EP-TTe4YOBE-00402-00157697-00158097 sorry
EP-TTe4YOBE-00403-00158098-00158347 the last two partial derivatives just
EP-TTe4YOBE-00404-00158348-00158650 recovered as the two constraints okay so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00405-00158651-00158854 that's a good observation that we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00406-00158855-00159157 going to see reoccurring and remember it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00407-00159158-00159337 gels with that geometric picture we saw
EP-TTe4YOBE-00408-00159338-00159571 at the beginning the optimum that little
EP-TTe4YOBE-00409-00159572-00159778 ball rolling along the red line the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00410-00159779-00160075 optimum has to lie on the constraint so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00411-00160076-00160375 by recovering these two equations is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00412-00160376-00160600 exactly what you expect the optimum must
EP-TTe4YOBE-00413-00160601-00160798 lie on the two constraints so that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00414-00160799-00161224 confirms that again okay so now that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00415-00161225-00161455 you've got that written down most of you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00416-00161456-00161632 should have at least sold for two or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00417-00161633-00162079 three of the unknowns right or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00418-00162080-00162481 completely done okay so the first one we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00419-00162482-00162655 see of course here is that X 3 is equal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00420-00162656-00163210 to 1 you can sub that in into this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00421-00163211-00163498 equation over here the DL by DX 3 and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00422-00163499-00163939 solve for V 2 the second Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00423-00163940-00164305 multiplier has a value of 2 ok so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00424-00164306-00164602 there's 2 out of the 5 unknown solved
EP-TTe4YOBE-00425-00164603-00165133 for the next way that you can go it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00426-00165134-00165364 could depend on what you've done but one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00427-00165365-00165631 thing that you might try is to reexpress
EP-TTe4YOBE-00428-00165632-00165829 this first and second constraint in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00429-00165830-00166174 terms of V 1 so you could write for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00430-00166175-00166627 example that X 1 I'll just I'm running
EP-TTe4YOBE-00431-00166628-00166786 out of space here so just do it up here
EP-TTe4YOBE-00432-00166787-00167227 in this box X 1 is equal to 2 times V 1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00433-00167228-00167631 and you could write that X 2 is equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00434-00167632-00167968 3 times V 1 sub those both in into this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00435-00167969-00168229 fourth equation here and solve for V 1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00436-00168230-00168616 and if you do that you get that V 1 is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00437-00168617-00169018 equal to a value of 3 and then you can
EP-TTe4YOBE-00438-00169019-00169375 go recover the value of x 1 and X 2 so X
EP-TTe4YOBE-00439-00169376-00170046 1 is 6 and X 2 is the value of 9
EP-TTe4YOBE-00440-00170047-00170368 okay so fairly straightforward or just
EP-TTe4YOBE-00441-00170369-00170545 would probably require a minute or two
EP-TTe4YOBE-00442-00170546-00170766 more of your time to get to that same
EP-TTe4YOBE-00443-00170767-00170901 point
EP-TTe4YOBE-00444-00170902-00171571 okay so let's ask ourselves now if we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00445-00171572-00171856 sub these values in these are my optimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00446-00171857-00172123 so I could go add stars to them X 1 X 2
EP-TTe4YOBE-00447-00172124-00172597 star V 1 star and V 2 star we notice
EP-TTe4YOBE-00448-00172598-00172897 that if we sub that in this bracket term
EP-TTe4YOBE-00449-00172898-00173265 will in fact go to 0 and that bracket
EP-TTe4YOBE-00450-00173266-00173661 term will go to 0 so the optimum of L as
EP-TTe4YOBE-00451-00173662-00173979 a function of X and V is the same as the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00452-00173980-00174223 optimum for f of X you can confirm that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00453-00174224-00174601 for yourself because of these two zero
EP-TTe4YOBE-00454-00174602-00174840 terms over there let me ask you another
EP-TTe4YOBE-00455-00174841-00174915 question
EP-TTe4YOBE-00456-00174916-00175087 remember that when we set the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00457-00175088-00175362 derivatives of a function equal to zero
EP-TTe4YOBE-00458-00175363-00175621 we're not sure if we're minimizing or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00459-00175622-00175789 maximizing all we know that we're doing
EP-TTe4YOBE-00460-00175790-00176115 is that we're at a stationary point do
EP-TTe4YOBE-00461-00176116-00176289 we know for this problem if we're at a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00462-00176290-00176959 minimum or a maximum it doesn't really
EP-TTe4YOBE-00463-00176960-00177165 matter what V is are because this term
EP-TTe4YOBE-00464-00177166-00177531 is 0 so 0 times something is is still 0
EP-TTe4YOBE-00465-00177532-00177811 so do we know if we're at an at a as a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00466-00177812-00178273 minimum or at a maximum a minimum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00467-00178274-00178684 because it's convex okay we know that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00468-00178685-00178825 we're at a minimum because this is a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00469-00178826-00179202 convex function these terms are all
EP-TTe4YOBE-00470-00179203-00179466 coefficients positive coefficients
EP-TTe4YOBE-00471-00179467-00179683 squared so that's the idea from
EP-TTe4YOBE-00472-00179684-00179863 convexity from the prior class coming
EP-TTe4YOBE-00473-00179864-00180694 into play then
EP-TTe4YOBE-00474-00180695-00180875 what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00475-00180876-00181115 I thought I understood that the B should
EP-TTe4YOBE-00476-00181116-00181614 be like either
EP-TTe4YOBE-00477-00181615-00181824 these are not zeros or ones they're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00478-00181825-00182106 they're constants they're just there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00479-00182107-00182457 numbers that will recall in the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00480-00182458-00182673 multipliers we're going to interpret v1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00481-00182674-00182874 and v2 in a minute but they don't have
EP-TTe4YOBE-00482-00182875-00183069 to be zero one they can be any constant
EP-TTe4YOBE-00483-00183070-00183822 value of either sign okay so I'm going
EP-TTe4YOBE-00484-00183823-00184074 to erase this then and just work it on a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00485-00184075-00184356 bit of theory back onto this original
EP-TTe4YOBE-00486-00184357-00184560 equation that I've left up here so in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00487-00184561-00184767 the second half of this page we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00488-00184768-00185190 asking what does this Lagrange function
EP-TTe4YOBE-00489-00185191-00185451 look like for any particular derivative
EP-TTe4YOBE-00490-00185452-00185718 we've looked at a specific example but
EP-TTe4YOBE-00491-00185719-00185961 let's look at this in general in general
EP-TTe4YOBE-00492-00185962-00186237 when we find the first derivative of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00493-00186238-00186507 this lagrange function we can see that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00494-00186508-00186690 we can differentiate either with respect
EP-TTe4YOBE-00495-00186691-00187053 to the x's or with respect to the v so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00496-00187054-00187350 there's two major sections as written up
EP-TTe4YOBE-00497-00187351-00187701 here the first part is we can find DL by
EP-TTe4YOBE-00498-00187702-00188075 DX and let's call this a general X I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00499-00188076-00188364 okay remember if you look back at the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00500-00188365-00188640 notation on the first page I is equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00501-00188641-00189242 1 to up to lowercase n so there's n
EP-TTe4YOBE-00502-00189243-00189498 search variables so we can take the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00503-00189499-00189678 Lagrange multiplier and differentiate it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00504-00189679-00189951 n times with respect to X 1 X 2 up to xn
EP-TTe4YOBE-00505-00189952-00190277 and if you do so we can do this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00506-00190278-00190521 symbolically here the derivative of the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00507-00190522-00190770 first part is the derivative of F with
EP-TTe4YOBE-00508-00190771-00191115 respect to X I and if we look at the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00509-00191116-00191370 second part we can do that symbolically
EP-TTe4YOBE-00510-00191371-00191706 that second part is a function of X and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00511-00191707-00191904 so we have to differentiate this as well
EP-TTe4YOBE-00512-00191905-00192306 and if you do that it's the sum of the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00513-00192307-00192765 derivatives using that formula from
EP-TTe4YOBE-00514-00192766-00192974 calculus we still have the summation
EP-TTe4YOBE-00515-00192975-00193629 appear over there times VK x the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00516-00193630-00194033 derivative of H with respect to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00517-00194034-00194437 X I so we take the case constraint
EP-TTe4YOBE-00518-00194438-00194780 partial with respect to X I and that's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00519-00194781-00195407 set equal to zero why do I write it like
EP-TTe4YOBE-00520-00195408-00195650 that well let's um let's see what the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00521-00195651-00195794 insight is that we gain from this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00522-00195795-00196055 simplify this equation a little bit we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00523-00196056-00196268 get that the partial derivative of F
EP-TTe4YOBE-00524-00196269-00196727 with respect to X I is equal to then the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00525-00196728-00197066 summation of K equals 1 to M times the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00526-00197067-00198062 Lagrange multipliers times D HK by DX ok
EP-TTe4YOBE-00527-00198063-00198221 and if you want to write that even more
EP-TTe4YOBE-00528-00198222-00198731 generically that comes to the partial
EP-TTe4YOBE-00529-00198732-00199076 derivative of F is then equal to the sum
EP-TTe4YOBE-00530-00199077-00199475 of the Lagrange multipliers multiplied
EP-TTe4YOBE-00531-00199476-00199652 by the partial derivative with respect
EP-TTe4YOBE-00532-00199653-00200904 to H
EP-TTe4YOBE-00533-00200905-00201087 and that will remind you of something
EP-TTe4YOBE-00534-00201088-00201225 that you saw earlier right at the start
EP-TTe4YOBE-00535-00201226-00202186 of the class
EP-TTe4YOBE-00536-00202187-00202442 so I'll give you another minute just to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00537-00202443-00202988 get that down in fact it is printed in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00538-00202989-00203132 your slides just a little bit further
EP-TTe4YOBE-00539-00203133-00203396 down the interpretation of this is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00540-00203397-00203681 simply what you saw there earlier that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00541-00203682-00204719 the gradients at the optimum is equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00542-00204720-00204956 a sum of the gradients of the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00543-00204957-00205865 constraints
EP-TTe4YOBE-00544-00205866-00206063 okay and in that geometric picture I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00545-00206064-00206213 drew right at the start of the class we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00546-00206214-00206435 only had one constraints so therefore
EP-TTe4YOBE-00547-00206436-00206615 the gradients of the function was equal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00548-00206616-00206984 to some scalar constant VK times the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00549-00206985-00207217 gradient of that one constraints but if
EP-TTe4YOBE-00550-00207219-00207503 you've got two or three constraints it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00551-00207504-00207776 equal to a weighted sum of the gradients
EP-TTe4YOBE-00552-00207777-00208085 of the constraints in particular for the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00553-00208086-00208259 case of one constraint it simply says
EP-TTe4YOBE-00554-00208260-00208577 that the gradients are are equal to each
EP-TTe4YOBE-00555-00208578-00209327 other the gradient of the constraints so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00556-00209328-00209498 H is the symbol we were using for the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00557-00209498-00209915 constraints okay so the general lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00558-00209916-00210146 method must gel with our geometric
EP-TTe4YOBE-00559-00210146-00210587 interpretation we saw there earlier we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00560-00210588-00210815 can do the second part and you've done
EP-TTe4YOBE-00561-00210816-00210967 that actually in the example you take
EP-TTe4YOBE-00562-00210969-00211136 the partial derivative of the Lagrangian
EP-TTe4YOBE-00563-00211137-00211391 with respect to V the the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00564-00211392-00211613 multipliers and what you get then is you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00565-00211614-00211817 simply recover the individual
EP-TTe4YOBE-00566-00211817-00212129 constraints back again so I won't write
EP-TTe4YOBE-00567-00212130-00212269 that up on the board other than the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00568-00212271-00212582 final the final solution then is that H
EP-TTe4YOBE-00569-00212583-00213161 of K is equal to B of K so if you take
EP-TTe4YOBE-00570-00213162-00213421 the partial derivatives with respect to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00571-00213423-00213908 the multipliers perhaps note that there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00572-00213909-00214241 that is due to the partial derivative of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00573-00214242-00214471 L with respect to the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00574-00214473-00215367 multiplier
EP-TTe4YOBE-00575-00215369-00215780 okay so let's um let's take this thing a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00576-00215781-00215990 little step further to wrap up the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00577-00215991-00216598 theory is that what you'll notice is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00578-00216600-00216989 that by doing this there are how many
EP-TTe4YOBE-00579-00216990-00217592 equations how many equations have we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00580-00217592-00217763 derived when we take all these partial
EP-TTe4YOBE-00581-00217764-00218108 derivatives in the example we had five
EP-TTe4YOBE-00582-00218109-00218339 equations but if we write that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00583-00218340-00218615 symbolically what is it as a ends and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00584-00218616-00219776 ends and n plus 2n plus
EP-TTe4YOBE-00585-00219777-00220200 n is the number of search variables M is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00586-00220201-00220517 the number of constraints and plus M so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00587-00220519-00220791 we'll always get n plus M equations in n
EP-TTe4YOBE-00588-00220792-00221271 plus M unknowns so back to 3e right this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00589-00221271-00221586 is simply solving a set of nonlinear
EP-TTe4YOBE-00590-00221587-00221760 equations which is why we learnt the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00591-00221761-00222017 stuff in 3e solving n plus M equations
EP-TTe4YOBE-00592-00222019-00222375 in n plus M unknowns what do you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00593-00222376-00222719 remember from that problem in three e is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00594-00222719-00223169 a trivial to solve that what are the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00595-00223171-00223954 difficulties associated with that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00596-00223955-00224167 okay as long as the equations are all
EP-TTe4YOBE-00597-00224169-00224335 Independence's you're going to get a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00598-00224336-00224632 solution yes
EP-TTe4YOBE-00599-00224633-00224942 no no one remembers threee repressed
EP-TTe4YOBE-00600-00224942-00225219 memories okay so n plus M equations
EP-TTe4YOBE-00601-00225221-00225542 nonlinear in n plus M unknowns we'll
EP-TTe4YOBE-00602-00225542-00225856 solve for linear for a linear set of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00603-00225857-00226166 equations for nonlinear set of equations
EP-TTe4YOBE-00604-00226167-00226376 we might get multiple solutions we might
EP-TTe4YOBE-00605-00226377-00226730 get no solutions okay so it's a tough
EP-TTe4YOBE-00606-00226731-00226960 problem to solve so we haven't
EP-TTe4YOBE-00607-00226961-00227165 necessarily made life easier for us by
EP-TTe4YOBE-00608-00227166-00227381 doing and using the Lagrange multiplier
EP-TTe4YOBE-00609-00227382-00227608 approach some of the problems that limit
EP-TTe4YOBE-00610-00227609-00227828 its usefulness are that you now have to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00611-00227829-00228104 solve a fairly difficult set of n plus M
EP-TTe4YOBE-00612-00228105-00228382 equations in n plus M unknowns that may
EP-TTe4YOBE-00613-00228383-00228731 have zero solutions or multiple
EP-TTe4YOBE-00614-00228732-00228896 solutions okay so you should make note
EP-TTe4YOBE-00615-00228896-00229132 of that there the other problem is of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00616-00229133-00229458 course that every constraint adds
EP-TTe4YOBE-00617-00229459-00229750 another term to your Lagrange multiplier
EP-TTe4YOBE-00618-00229751-00230006 and adds another term to your lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00619-00230007-00230189 function so if you've got problems with
EP-TTe4YOBE-00620-00230190-00230387 multiple constraints you now get a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00621-00230388-00230678 fairly large function being built up
EP-TTe4YOBE-00622-00230679-00230809 which you have to do then calculate
EP-TTe4YOBE-00623-00230810-00231055 partial derivatives for okay so this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00624-00231056-00231392 isn't necessarily what's used but it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00625-00231392-00231748 does point to some ways in which
EP-TTe4YOBE-00626-00231750-00232006 optimizes work optimizers will take this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00627-00232007-00232201 then and modify the method slightly
EP-TTe4YOBE-00628-00232202-00232717 okay so let's perhaps move on then and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00629-00232719-00232937 just interpret the last part yet is try
EP-TTe4YOBE-00630-00232938-00233259 and understand and interpret the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00631-00233260-00233782 Lagrange multipliers yes mark
EP-TTe4YOBE-00632-00233783-00233979 if you're there a linear set of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00633-00233980-00234181 independent set of linear equations
EP-TTe4YOBE-00634-00234182-00234689 you'll always get a unique solution okay
EP-TTe4YOBE-00635-00234690-00234815 we're going to come back to that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00636-00234816-00235071 actually in the next class
EP-TTe4YOBE-00637-00235072-00235324 okay so here's here's another problem
EP-TTe4YOBE-00638-00235325-00235562 for you I'll just I'll set it up you're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00639-00235563-00235747 actually not going to solve it it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00640-00235748-00235948 something that you can go verify easily
EP-TTe4YOBE-00641-00235949-00236182 at home we're going to solve in this
EP-TTe4YOBE-00642-00236183-00236593 particular problem the dimensions for a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00643-00236594-00236872 cylindrical tank so take a cylindrical
EP-TTe4YOBE-00644-00236873-00237328 tank we've got lengths or Heights if you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00645-00237329-00237577 want to call it capital L and you've got
EP-TTe4YOBE-00646-00237578-00237890 diameter D and what we want to do is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00647-00237891-00238195 find the length and the diameter so to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00648-00238196-00238477 search variables L and D so that we get
EP-TTe4YOBE-00649-00238478-00238715 a minimum surface area so there's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00650-00238716-00238930 equation for surface area you can verify
EP-TTe4YOBE-00651-00238931-00239179 that for yourself include the top and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00652-00239180-00239506 the bottom is it obvious what the length
EP-TTe4YOBE-00653-00239507-00239692 and the diameter should be to get a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00654-00239693-00240372 minimum surface area gut feel
EP-TTe4YOBE-00655-00240373-00240559 what should the length and the diameter
EP-TTe4YOBE-00656-00240560-00240754 be to get a minimum surface area of a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00657-00240755-00241289 cylinder okay we have a constraint then
EP-TTe4YOBE-00658-00241290-00241510 to avoid marks trivial situation where
EP-TTe4YOBE-00659-00241511-00241804 who the tank must hold some volume 500
EP-TTe4YOBE-00660-00241805-00242050 meters cubed okay so it's not zero
EP-TTe4YOBE-00661-00242051-00242254 length and diameter that would be in the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00662-00242255-00242462 case of you sold it in games without the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00663-00242463-00243145 constraint any other expectations dnl
EP-TTe4YOBE-00664-00243146-00243301 have to be close to the same value so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00665-00243302-00243517 let's see how this plays out
EP-TTe4YOBE-00666-00243518-00243745 there's your objective function with one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00667-00243746-00243967 equality constraint you can set up the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00668-00243968-00244209 Lagrange multipliers do this at home and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00669-00244210-00244490 take the partial derivatives there's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00670-00244491-00244688 first partial derivative with respect to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00671-00244689-00244903 D there's the partial derivative with
EP-TTe4YOBE-00672-00244904-00245191 respect to L and there's the constraint
EP-TTe4YOBE-00673-00245192-00245395 notice the constraint simply says the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00674-00245396-00245716 tank volume must equal 500 so there's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00675-00245717-00246001 your three equations so make sure you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00676-00246002-00246235 can understand that at home if you solve
EP-TTe4YOBE-00677-00246236-00246667 them you can do so quite easily on by
EP-TTe4YOBE-00678-00246668-00246863 hand and again you should prove that you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00679-00246864-00246991 can do this and you get exactly what
EP-TTe4YOBE-00680-00246992-00247148 Brandon expected L
EP-TTe4YOBE-00681-00247148-00247340 equals D equals eight point six meters
EP-TTe4YOBE-00682-00247341-00247733 in this example okay and then the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00683-00247734-00248035 surface area of that tank is 348 meters
EP-TTe4YOBE-00684-00248036-00248342 squared okay now let's try and
EP-TTe4YOBE-00685-00248342-00248546 understand what the interpretation of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00686-00248546-00249029 the Lagrange multiplier is I can state
EP-TTe4YOBE-00687-00249030-00249266 it up for you here in text and we're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00688-00249267-00249452 going to look at it mathematically for
EP-TTe4YOBE-00689-00249453-00249737 the Lagrange multiplier a value of VI
EP-TTe4YOBE-00690-00249738-00250088 whatever that VI is for a particular
EP-TTe4YOBE-00691-00250089-00250498 constraint it says that I've realized
EP-TTe4YOBE-00692-00250500-00250679 I've screwed up my notation here there
EP-TTe4YOBE-00693-00250680-00251096 should be VK and HK I've just my
EP-TTe4YOBE-00694-00251096-00251252 subscript I've switched to a different
EP-TTe4YOBE-00695-00251253-00251525 system just use K's rather in that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00696-00251526-00251708 entire sentence replace eyes with case I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00697-00251709-00252019 apologize for that okay so for a general
EP-TTe4YOBE-00698-00252021-00252292 multiplier VK for this for the case
EP-TTe4YOBE-00699-00252294-00252590 constraints VK represents the change in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00700-00252591-00252919 objective function value for a one unit
EP-TTe4YOBE-00701-00252921-00253319 increase in the B value let's take a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00702-00253319-00254064 look at that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00703-00254065-00254301 go right back just to this definition
EP-TTe4YOBE-00704-00254302-00255092 over here okay and I'm going to in fact
EP-TTe4YOBE-00705-00255094-00255513 just write it out for the one constraint
EP-TTe4YOBE-00706-00255514-00256148 that we have so L of X V is equal to my
EP-TTe4YOBE-00707-00256150-00256317 function f of X if we have just one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00708-00256317-00256629 constraints that summation simplifies
EP-TTe4YOBE-00709-00256630-00257235 down to minus V 1 times H 1 of X minus
EP-TTe4YOBE-00710-00257236-00257652 b1 so what we're trying to understand
EP-TTe4YOBE-00711-00257653-00257865 and answer here is what is the effect of
EP-TTe4YOBE-00712-00257866-00258378 changing B one by one units how can we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00713-00258379-00258756 interpret this V one value so what we
EP-TTe4YOBE-00714-00258757-00258960 see then if everything else is fixed f
EP-TTe4YOBE-00715-00258961-00259302 of X is fixed H 1 of X is fixed if I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00716-00259303-00259584 increase B one by one unit so I write it
EP-TTe4YOBE-00717-00259585-00259953 as B 1 plus 1 okay
EP-TTe4YOBE-00718-00259954-00260392 that's going to get multiplied here by a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00719-00260394-00261023 minus V 1 it's going to multiply it by L
EP-TTe4YOBE-00720-00261025-00261696 of X V is going to increase by plus V 1
EP-TTe4YOBE-00721-00261696-00262242 units okay so the interpretation of the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00722-00262243-00262542 Lagrange multiplier then here is written
EP-TTe4YOBE-00723-00262543-00262824 for you that it represents the change in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00724-00262825-00263055 the objective function if we had a one
EP-TTe4YOBE-00725-00263056-00263340 unit increase in their left hand in the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00726-00263341-00264006 in the right hand side value B K so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00727-00264007-00264366 given this tank example the tank example
EP-TTe4YOBE-00728-00264367-00264869 had a Lagrange multiplier of 0.465
EP-TTe4YOBE-00729-00264870-00265140 discuss that interpretation with the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00730-00265141-00265413 person next to you in this particular
EP-TTe4YOBE-00731-00265414-00265614 example how do you interpret that point
EP-TTe4YOBE-00732-00265615-00266018 465
EP-TTe4YOBE-00733-00266019-00266241 so I'm telling you that the Lagrange
EP-TTe4YOBE-00734-00266242-00266435 multiplier if you had calculated was
EP-TTe4YOBE-00735-00266436-00266772 0.465 you can go verify this at home but
EP-TTe4YOBE-00736-00266773-00267329 what is the interpretation of that just
EP-TTe4YOBE-00737-00267330-00267584 just discuss it a bit do you have a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00739-00270772-00273500 it's like do 500 yes you're calling yeah
EP-TTe4YOBE-00740-00273501-00273989 okay so anyone wants to answer the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00741-00273990-00274367 interpretation of the v1 value equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00742-00274368-00275819 0.4 65 no takers mark okay so if I went
EP-TTe4YOBE-00743-00275820-00276034 and took my constraint currently PI d
EP-TTe4YOBE-00744-00276035-00276326 squared L over 4 equals 500 and I
EP-TTe4YOBE-00745-00276327-00276779 modified this to 501 so I wanted to add
EP-TTe4YOBE-00746-00276780-00277360 one extra meter cube to the tank the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00747-00277361-00277828 surface area will increase by 0.4 65
EP-TTe4YOBE-00748-00277829-00278030 meters squared okay
EP-TTe4YOBE-00749-00278031-00278434 so every one unit increase in the value
EP-TTe4YOBE-00750-00278435-00278684 of BK BK is the value on the right hand
EP-TTe4YOBE-00751-00278685-00279062 side of your constraint leads to an
EP-TTe4YOBE-00752-00279063-00279235 increase in the objective function by
EP-TTe4YOBE-00753-00279236-00279508 that amount given by the marginal value
EP-TTe4YOBE-00754-00279509-00279784 so it's interpreted exactly like a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00755-00279785-00280058 marginal value exactly like we saw in
EP-TTe4YOBE-00756-00280059-00280229 the LP case and if you run the gams
EP-TTe4YOBE-00757-00280230-00280508 output in fact it gives you the marginal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00758-00280509-00280982 value 0.465 okay so I it's instructive
EP-TTe4YOBE-00759-00280983-00281201 to go copy and paste this gams output
EP-TTe4YOBE-00760-00281202-00281504 sorry this Gans code up here and verify
EP-TTe4YOBE-00761-00281505-00281738 the output and make sure that you can
EP-TTe4YOBE-00762-00281739-00281999 interpret the table of results in games
EP-TTe4YOBE-00763-00282000-00282155 but there it is
EP-TTe4YOBE-00764-00282156-00282374 we've done it by hand and here's the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00765-00282375-00282524 computer printout so you should be in a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00766-00282525-00282685 position to interpret those marginal
EP-TTe4YOBE-00767-00282686-00283236 values
EP-TTe4YOBE-00768-00283237-00283459 that you're gonna you can prove that by
EP-TTe4YOBE-00769-00283460-00283672 hand okay so it's a simple calculation
EP-TTe4YOBE-00770-00283673-00283999 to prove that it's four over D so that's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00771-00284000-00284152 why I mean I I didn't solve it for you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00772-00284153-00284368 in class I left it for you it as as work
EP-TTe4YOBE-00773-00284369-00284770 at home okay so what I we've got a few
EP-TTe4YOBE-00774-00284771-00284887 minutes left I'm just actually going to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00775-00284888-00285079 skip over to the last page of your
EP-TTe4YOBE-00776-00285080-00285226 handouts and talk just a little bit
EP-TTe4YOBE-00777-00285227-00286228 about the projects okay so last tutorial
EP-TTe4YOBE-00778-00286229-00286513 I had a chance to meet with a good
EP-TTe4YOBE-00779-00286514-00286735 number of you and those were incredible
EP-TTe4YOBE-00780-00286736-00286966 discussions a lot more useful than
EP-TTe4YOBE-00781-00286967-00287217 trying to discuss things by email so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00782-00287218-00287461 what I'm going to do is do you guys have
EP-TTe4YOBE-00783-00287462-00287791 another class off to this some do some
EP-TTe4YOBE-00784-00287792-00287974 don't those of you that have not yet had
EP-TTe4YOBE-00785-00287975-00288181 a chance to discuss I'm going to be
EP-TTe4YOBE-00786-00288182-00288442 around here for a little while actually
EP-TTe4YOBE-00787-00288443-00288622 let me correct it I have to go to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00788-00288623-00288822 another meeting and then I'll come back
EP-TTe4YOBE-00789-00288823-00289111 so you can either come find me here or
EP-TTe4YOBE-00790-00289112-00289261 find me in my office so I forgot about
EP-TTe4YOBE-00791-00289262-00289666 this meeting it's so annoying meetings
EP-TTe4YOBE-00792-00289667-00289891 are the worst bane of my existence so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00793-00289892-00290179 we've got we've got to meet face to face
EP-TTe4YOBE-00794-00290180-00290356 because this is a really good way to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00795-00290357-00290518 make sure that you're on the right track
EP-TTe4YOBE-00796-00290519-00290812 but here's some guidance if if you're
EP-TTe4YOBE-00797-00290813-00291139 looking for some and a crucial thing
EP-TTe4YOBE-00798-00291140-00291388 that you have to take take action on you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00799-00291389-00291622 have to sign up for a meeting time with
EP-TTe4YOBE-00800-00291623-00291886 me this is a formal meeting this is not
EP-TTe4YOBE-00801-00291887-00292039 just this informal meeting that I'm
EP-TTe4YOBE-00802-00292040-00292249 suggesting here in class I'm suggesting
EP-TTe4YOBE-00803-00292250-00292510 a formal meeting there's thirty five
EP-TTe4YOBE-00804-00292511-00292786 slots available the link is posted on
EP-TTe4YOBE-00805-00292787-00292966 the course website for you to select
EP-TTe4YOBE-00806-00292967-00293152 your slot first-come first-serve
EP-TTe4YOBE-00807-00293153-00293371 most of the slots are in the tutorial
EP-TTe4YOBE-00808-00293372-00293620 time so it's going to take no extra time
EP-TTe4YOBE-00809-00293621-00293824 in your day you're there already for the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00810-00293825-00294085 tutorial the meeting is about nine to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00811-00294086-00294253 ten minutes and these will be the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00812-00294254-00294466 questions I'll be looking at asking you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00813-00294467-00294622 those of you that have had a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00814-00294623-00294772 face-to-face meeting with me already
EP-TTe4YOBE-00815-00294773-00294991 these are exactly the same questions
EP-TTe4YOBE-00816-00294992-00295222 I've asked you before so you're in good
EP-TTe4YOBE-00817-00295223-00295498 shape too if you've had your pre meeting
EP-TTe4YOBE-00818-00295499-00295672 with me if you haven't had a pre meeting
EP-TTe4YOBE-00819-00295673-00295969 with me please make sure you you it's
EP-TTe4YOBE-00820-00295970-00296320 right through these questions by email
EP-TTe4YOBE-00821-00296321-00296570 there's an important part written down
EP-TTe4YOBE-00822-00296571-00296734 here for those of you that are doing
EP-TTe4YOBE-00823-00296735-00296957 optimization problems where using a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00824-00296958-00297310 simulator such as bio winnow Aspen okay
EP-TTe4YOBE-00825-00297311-00297508 when you're using Aspen or bio when you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00826-00297509-00297722 don't have the functions f of X you
EP-TTe4YOBE-00827-00297723-00297923 don't have the constraint constraints H
EP-TTe4YOBE-00828-00297924-00298229 of X or G of X less than or equal to
EP-TTe4YOBE-00829-00298230-00298499 zero okay so what what are you doing
EP-TTe4YOBE-00830-00298500-00298724 there well you're going to have to use a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00831-00298725-00299069 system called the Nelda mead optimizer a
EP-TTe4YOBE-00832-00299070-00299351 derivative free optimizer it's a very
EP-TTe4YOBE-00833-00299352-00299606 easy optimization technique we don't
EP-TTe4YOBE-00834-00299607-00299758 cover it in this course because it's so
EP-TTe4YOBE-00835-00299759-00300002 easy but if you google Nelda meat
EP-TTe4YOBE-00836-00300003-00300275 there's some amazing codes and some
EP-TTe4YOBE-00837-00300276-00300632 amazing simulations and techniques the
EP-TTe4YOBE-00838-00300633-00300830 algorithm is shown in in some great
EP-TTe4YOBE-00839-00300831-00301103 detailed steps ok now there's very few
EP-TTe4YOBE-00840-00301104-00301325 of you that are doing that but for those
EP-TTe4YOBE-00841-00301326-00301513 of you that are that's useful to know
EP-TTe4YOBE-00842-00301514-00301834 okay so please book your meeting slot
EP-TTe4YOBE-00843-00301835-00302012 right away so that you get the time that
EP-TTe4YOBE-00844-00302013-00302162 you'd like it's either their slots on
EP-TTe4YOBE-00845-00302163-00302594 Friday or Monday or time on wins
EQkWYjZelLU-00000-00000501-00000799 today's the first of April and I mean
EQkWYjZelLU-00001-00000800-00001009 addis ababa we are about to start the
EQkWYjZelLU-00002-00001010-00001189 13th international conference on
EQkWYjZelLU-00003-00001190-00001423 community-based adaptation which is
EQkWYjZelLU-00004-00001424-00001567 going to be for the next five days from
EQkWYjZelLU-00005-00001568-00001810 the 1st to the 4th of April and the
EQkWYjZelLU-00006-00001811-00002083 theme for this year is on climate
EQkWYjZelLU-00007-00002084-00002410 finance adaptation technology and policy
EQkWYjZelLU-00008-00002411-00002572 engagement we'll be running these three
EQkWYjZelLU-00009-00002573-00002791 things together and we hope to have
EQkWYjZelLU-00010-00002792-00003028 outcomes from the 13 conference although
EQkWYjZelLU-00011-00003029-00003199 this is the 15th year we've been doing
EQkWYjZelLU-00012-00003200-00003402 them at the first three were done two
EQkWYjZelLU-00013-00003403-00003568 years apart and after that it became an
EQkWYjZelLU-00014-00003569-00003829 annual event and we hope to come out
EQkWYjZelLU-00015-00003829-00004069 with recommendations that can go to the
EQkWYjZelLU-00016-00004070-00004303 climate summit that the UN
EQkWYjZelLU-00017-00004304-00004506 secretary-general is having in New York
EQkWYjZelLU-00018-00004507-00004750 in September and particularly through
EQkWYjZelLU-00019-00004751-00004978 the global cook Commission on adaptation
EQkWYjZelLU-00020-00004979-00005185 that has been set up with mr. ban
EQkWYjZelLU-00021-00005186-00005434 ki-moon Bill Gates and Kristalina
EQkWYjZelLU-00022-00005435-00005638 Georgieva from the World Bank who are
EQkWYjZelLU-00023-00005639-00005931 preparing a major international global
EQkWYjZelLU-00024-00005932-00006253 report on adaptation in which we are
EQkWYjZelLU-00025-00006254-00006510 going to be putting inputs particularly
EQkWYjZelLU-00026-00006511-00006684 from the community-based level with the
EQkWYjZelLU-00027-00006686-00006849 community of practice that has developed
EQkWYjZelLU-00028-00006850-00007066 in many developing countries and even in
EQkWYjZelLU-00029-00007067-00007209 developed countries so we're going to be
EQkWYjZelLU-00030-00007211-00007402 here we expect several hundred
EQkWYjZelLU-00031-00007403-00007573 participants to be with us for the next
EQkWYjZelLU-00032-00007573-00007792 few days a lot of discussions and
EQkWYjZelLU-00033-00007793-00007903 hopefully some very solid
EQkWYjZelLU-00034-00007904-00008184 recommendations on how further support
EQkWYjZelLU-00035-00008186-00008398 can be given to the work that the
EQkWYjZelLU-00036-00008399-00008626 vulnerable communities are already doing
EQkWYjZelLU-00037-00008627-00008902 to help themselves but not receiving
EQkWYjZelLU-00038-00008903-00009142 sufficient help from the global level to
EQkWYjZelLU-00039-00009143-00009360 help them we hope we can improve that
EQkWYjZelLU-00040-00009361-00009603 situation with the climate summit in
EQkWYjZelLU-00041-00009604-00009982 September followed up by the cop 25
EQkWYjZelLU-00042-00009983-00010162 which will be in Chile in Santiago in
EQkWYjZelLU-00043-00010163-00010489 December where IID holds an annual event
EQkWYjZelLU-00044-00010490-00010708 called development and climate days we
EQkWYjZelLU-00045-00010709-00010899 are trying to link the CBA conference
EQkWYjZelLU-00046-00010900-00011039 which is on community-based adaptation
EQkWYjZelLU-00047-00011040-00011346 with the cop meeting development climate
EQkWYjZelLU-00048-00011347-00011569 days and get the message there as well
EQkWYjZelLU-00049-00011570-00011863 so from the next few years we're hoping
EQkWYjZelLU-00050-00011864-00012031 to be more strategic with these
EQkWYjZelLU-00051-00012032-00012220 conferences and have some outcomes that
EQkWYjZelLU-00052-00012221-00012469 we can continue to take forward and
EQkWYjZelLU-00053-00012470-00012717 particularly in support of the most
EQkWYjZelLU-00054-00012718-00012958 vulnerable communities to enable them to
EQkWYjZelLU-00055-00012959-00013300 adapt to the impacts of climate change
ETCecUzFk7A-00000-00000000-00000672 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00003-00007202-00008550 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00004-00008551-00008558 [Applause]
ETCecUzFk7A-00005-00008559-00009441 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00006-00009442-00009778 [Applause]
ETCecUzFk7A-00007-00009779-00011619 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00008-00011620-00012635 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00009-00012636-00013179 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00010-00013180-00013274 [Applause]
ETCecUzFk7A-00011-00013275-00015004 [Music]
ETCecUzFk7A-00012-00015005-00016086 [Music]
EU5UmD-FbDA-00000-00000000-00000253 [Music]
EU5UmD-FbDA-00001-00000254-00000757 fire fire
EU5UmD-FbDA-00002-00000758-00002434 [Music]
EU5UmD-FbDA-00003-00002435-00003536 guys
EU5UmD-FbDA-00004-00003538-00004775 [Music]
EU5UmD-FbDA-00005-00004776-00005866 Jesus
EU5UmD-FbDA-00006-00005867-00007018 [Music]
EUntUp77FYM-00000-00000000-00000257 we have our first panel coming up and by
EUntUp77FYM-00001-00000258-00000497 the way before I before I invite to the
EUntUp77FYM-00002-00000498-00000719 stage of the rest of the panelists uh
EUntUp77FYM-00003-00000720-00001079 let's just let me just say thank you for
EUntUp77FYM-00004-00001080-00001349 uh for the participation we get on slido
EUntUp77FYM-00005-00001350-00001618 there were a few questions addressed uh
EUntUp77FYM-00006-00001619-00001882 to regarding Latvian government's policy
EUntUp77FYM-00007-00001884-00002134 uh with regard to uh Capital Market
EUntUp77FYM-00008-00002135-00002297 development
EUntUp77FYM-00009-00002298-00002489 um we will have an opportunity to
EUntUp77FYM-00010-00002490-00002699 integrate those questions in a later
EUntUp77FYM-00011-00002700-00002855 panel where the government
EUntUp77FYM-00012-00002856-00003065 Representatives will come back so thank
EUntUp77FYM-00013-00003066-00003269 you very much for those questions
EUntUp77FYM-00014-00003270-00003581 um your speech Madam also resonated with
EUntUp77FYM-00015-00003582-00003779 a part of our audience uh we have
EUntUp77FYM-00016-00003779-00004097 questions coming in regarding uh what
EUntUp77FYM-00017-00004098-00004325 you said uh follow-ups and this is
EUntUp77FYM-00018-00004326-00004745 something we can do during the panel as
EUntUp77FYM-00019-00004746-00004936 well so uh once again thank you very
EUntUp77FYM-00020-00004937-00005141 much for participating continue doing
EUntUp77FYM-00021-00005142-00005261 that
EUntUp77FYM-00022-00005262-00005561 um as the slido thing is open for you
EUntUp77FYM-00023-00005562-00005831 please do log on and and and and
EUntUp77FYM-00024-00005832-00006245 participate having said that our next
EUntUp77FYM-00025-00006246-00006541 panel is
EUntUp77FYM-00026-00006542-00006856 that is already on the stage let me
EUntUp77FYM-00027-00006858-00007114 invite Santa poor guy lab as well the
EUntUp77FYM-00028-00007115-00007806 Deputy Governor of the blank of Latvia
EUntUp77FYM-00029-00007808-00008095 president of the European Federation of
EUntUp77FYM-00030-00008095-00008471 investors and financial services users
EUntUp77FYM-00031-00008472-00008757 thank you very much
EUntUp77FYM-00032-00008758-00009010 [Applause]
EUntUp77FYM-00033-00009011-00009305 um and Peter koblich who is president of
EUntUp77FYM-00034-00009306-00009517 the Federation of European Securities
EUntUp77FYM-00035-00009518-00009673 exchanges
EUntUp77FYM-00036-00009674-00010073 hopefully he joins us online sir can you
EUntUp77FYM-00037-00010074-00010223 hear us
EUntUp77FYM-00038-00010224-00010601 I do okay and we can hear you as well so
EUntUp77FYM-00039-00010602-00010859 everything works lovely that's that's
EUntUp77FYM-00040-00010860-00011177 wonderful and the moderator for this
EUntUp77FYM-00041-00011178-00011627 lovely panel is iverse bergmanis please
EUntUp77FYM-00042-00011628-00011987 uh he is investment banker specializing
EUntUp77FYM-00043-00011988-00012188 in Baltic couple markets
EUntUp77FYM-00044-00012189-00012335 [Applause]
EUntUp77FYM-00045-00012336-00012755 and uh he brings along with him
EUntUp77FYM-00046-00012756-00013216 something uh that's not exactly typical
EUntUp77FYM-00047-00013218-00013421 um is that something you usually bring
EUntUp77FYM-00048-00013422-00013638 to work or or or
EUntUp77FYM-00049-00013640-00013901 it's a gift to us because it's a
EUntUp77FYM-00050-00013902-00014244 highlight of your month well
EUntUp77FYM-00051-00014245-00014501 look at it this way investment bankers
EUntUp77FYM-00052-00014502-00014758 who work on developing Capital markets
EUntUp77FYM-00053-00014759-00015065 are like gardeners now this is an orchid
EUntUp77FYM-00054-00015066-00015269 and I'll explain some interesting facts
EUntUp77FYM-00055-00015269-00015544 about it at the beginning lovely thank
EUntUp77FYM-00056-00015545-00015869 you very much uh so Evers
EUntUp77FYM-00057-00015869-00015983 um
EUntUp77FYM-00058-00015984-00016366 you have approximately an hour at your
EUntUp77FYM-00059-00016368-00016594 disposal I don't know whether it's a lot
EUntUp77FYM-00060-00016595-00016822 or or too little for you but we'll see
EUntUp77FYM-00061-00016823-00016985 how it goes and good luck to you thank
EUntUp77FYM-00062-00016986-00017147 you
EUntUp77FYM-00063-00017148-00017339 okay thank you very much
EUntUp77FYM-00064-00017340-00017536 welcome everyone
EUntUp77FYM-00065-00017537-00017825 orchids are beautiful and so is the
EUntUp77FYM-00066-00017826-00018100 Latvian Capital Market of course
EUntUp77FYM-00067-00018101-00018413 now with this in mind I need to state
EUntUp77FYM-00068-00018414-00018707 that orchids are an exotic plant
EUntUp77FYM-00069-00018708-00019019 requiring a warm climate so despite the
EUntUp77FYM-00070-00019020-00019294 effects of global warming Latvia is far
EUntUp77FYM-00071-00019295-00019589 from being an exotic and warm climate
EUntUp77FYM-00072-00019590-00019949 you will not have any success dealing
EUntUp77FYM-00073-00019950-00020297 with a Wild Orchid in Latvia the closest
EUntUp77FYM-00074-00020298-00020585 anyone has ever come to this is actually
EUntUp77FYM-00075-00020586-00020867 Hollywood actor Mickey Rourke or
EUntUp77FYM-00076-00020868-00021083 Mickey's rocks if you're if you're
EUntUp77FYM-00077-00021084-00021407 Latvian now he starred in the 1989 film
EUntUp77FYM-00078-00021408-00021725 Wild Orchid and then did some filming in
EUntUp77FYM-00079-00021726-00021989 regalatvia for the film War hunt just
EUntUp77FYM-00080-00021990-00022277 when the covid-19 pandemic struck now
EUntUp77FYM-00081-00022278-00022769 moreover Latvia is part of the EU and
EUntUp77FYM-00082-00022770-00023003 located in the northern reaches of the
EUntUp77FYM-00083-00023004-00023380 eu's geography AKA new Nordic or
EUntUp77FYM-00084-00023381-00023807 emerging Nordic Frontier markets are
EUntUp77FYM-00085-00023808-00024155 generally known as exotic investment
EUntUp77FYM-00086-00024156-00024497 destinations and a significant number of
EUntUp77FYM-00087-00024498-00024869 them are far more suitable for growing
EUntUp77FYM-00088-00024870-00025042 orchids
EUntUp77FYM-00089-00025043-00025217 question
EUntUp77FYM-00090-00025218-00025469 what can be exotic
EUntUp77FYM-00091-00025470-00025750 about a country which will soon have
EUntUp77FYM-00092-00025751-00025990 been part of the EU block
EUntUp77FYM-00093-00025991-00026374 for nearly 20 years and for nearly 10
EUntUp77FYM-00094-00026375-00026699 years as part of the Eurozone so let's
EUntUp77FYM-00095-00026700-00026831 roll
EUntUp77FYM-00096-00026832-00027029 topic one today that we'll be discussing
EUntUp77FYM-00097-00027030-00027352 is the CMU and investing in the EU
EUntUp77FYM-00098-00027354-00027623 abstract the Four Freedoms of the EU
EUntUp77FYM-00099-00027624-00027833 free movement of goods
EUntUp77FYM-00100-00027833-00028085 Services capital
EUntUp77FYM-00101-00028086-00028564 and persons yet EU members from Slovakia
EUntUp77FYM-00102-00028566-00028852 to Latvia have more in common with the
EUntUp77FYM-00103-00028854-00029189 Sahara and Asia than the Eurozone
EUntUp77FYM-00104-00029189-00029507 the Baltic markets are a case in point
EUntUp77FYM-00105-00029508-00029824 we've been relegated despite EU Eurozone
EUntUp77FYM-00106-00029825-00030179 Eurozone NATO and oecd membership to the
EUntUp77FYM-00107-00030180-00030424 frontier at Best Market classification
EUntUp77FYM-00108-00030425-00030673 by Major index providers
EUntUp77FYM-00109-00030674-00031120 and it's moan mostly about
EUntUp77FYM-00110-00031122-00031487 small companies smes which are very
EUntUp77FYM-00111-00031488-00031708 important part of our economies here and
EUntUp77FYM-00112-00031710-00031996 as a result Capital flows and visibility
EUntUp77FYM-00113-00031997-00032296 from within the EU are artificially held
EUntUp77FYM-00114-00032297-00032627 back from such markets so if the aim of
EUntUp77FYM-00115-00032627-00032968 the CMU is to have smooth cross-border
EUntUp77FYM-00116-00032969-00033137 Capital flows together with consistent
EUntUp77FYM-00117-00033138-00033449 legislation then surely there is a need
EUntUp77FYM-00118-00033450-00033652 to at least provide an eu-wide
EUntUp77FYM-00119-00033653-00034067 consistency also for investors so we'll
EUntUp77FYM-00120-00034068-00034265 be addressing that today
EUntUp77FYM-00121-00034266-00034493 we've already heard today about the
EUntUp77FYM-00122-00034494-00034865 relatively small number when it comes to
EUntUp77FYM-00123-00034866-00035074 the Latvian Capital Market and the
EUntUp77FYM-00124-00035075-00035327 market Capital Market development no
EUntUp77FYM-00125-00035328-00035537 need to go into that other than to say
EUntUp77FYM-00126-00035538-00035837 that from where it is today comfortably
EUntUp77FYM-00127-00035838-00036112 there's room to grow five to ten times
EUntUp77FYM-00128-00036113-00036317 and only then would we be reaching
EUntUp77FYM-00129-00036318-00036551 average or median levels
EUntUp77FYM-00130-00036552-00036773 so what can be done about this and what
EUntUp77FYM-00131-00036774-00036995 about elsewhere as well in the European
EUntUp77FYM-00132-00036996-00037223 Union the second topic we'll be talking
EUntUp77FYM-00133-00037224-00037462 more about offering documents
EUntUp77FYM-00134-00037463-00037661 applicability and other commercial
EUntUp77FYM-00135-00037662-00037811 realities
EUntUp77FYM-00136-00037812-00038099 and here we're talking about uh well
EUntUp77FYM-00137-00038100-00038405 again smaller markets documentation
EUntUp77FYM-00138-00038406-00038746 requirements in the EU perspective and
EUntUp77FYM-00139-00038747-00038909 would there not then be some
EUntUp77FYM-00140-00038910-00039221 opportunities in streamlining and
EUntUp77FYM-00141-00039222-00039539 helping cross-border investment to take
EUntUp77FYM-00142-00039540-00039845 place not only for investors elsewhere
EUntUp77FYM-00143-00039846-00040096 within the EU but for these smaller
EUntUp77FYM-00144-00040097-00040451 companies smes Nano caps doesn't matter
EUntUp77FYM-00145-00040452-00040655 how you want to describe them to be able
EUntUp77FYM-00146-00040656-00040937 to tap their Capital within the EU more
EUntUp77FYM-00147-00040938-00041057 efficiently
EUntUp77FYM-00148-00041058-00041285 thank you very much from the panelists
EUntUp77FYM-00149-00041286-00041549 for joining us today let's get moving
EUntUp77FYM-00150-00041550-00041752 with the first topic and the first
EUntUp77FYM-00151-00041753-00042083 question then is for for Yeller so Mrs
EUntUp77FYM-00152-00042084-00042245 watanabi
EUntUp77FYM-00153-00042246-00042521 is a fictional Japanese household retail
EUntUp77FYM-00154-00042522-00042730 investor in the Foreign Exchange Market
EUntUp77FYM-00155-00042731-00043102 now is there a Frau froy line here
EUntUp77FYM-00156-00043103-00043355 equivalent in the EU German retail
EUntUp77FYM-00157-00043356-00043595 investor world and if so what are their
EUntUp77FYM-00158-00043596-00043895 typical habits please thank you Eva
EUntUp77FYM-00159-00043896-00044273 before I answer your question let me say
EUntUp77FYM-00160-00044274-00044471 thank you very much for the invitation
EUntUp77FYM-00161-00044472-00044752 thank you for being here Riga is a
EUntUp77FYM-00162-00044753-00044939 beautiful city that I've never been to
EUntUp77FYM-00163-00044940-00045280 and congratulations to this impressive
EUntUp77FYM-00164-00045281-00045412 conference
EUntUp77FYM-00165-00045413-00045779 now I'm in my daily work I'm managing
EUntUp77FYM-00166-00045780-00046102 director of DSW which is the leading
EUntUp77FYM-00167-00046103-00046385 German shareholder association with more
EUntUp77FYM-00168-00046386-00046757 than 30 000 members retail investors but
EUntUp77FYM-00169-00046758-00046967 I'm also currently president of beta
EUntUp77FYM-00170-00046968-00047171 Finance which is the European
EUntUp77FYM-00171-00047172-00047335 organization
EUntUp77FYM-00172-00047336-00047627 more than four
EUntUp77FYM-00173-00047628-00047927 investors
EUntUp77FYM-00174-00047928-00048262 is it okay I'll take this microphone
EUntUp77FYM-00175-00048263-00048646 right so before I answer your question
EUntUp77FYM-00176-00048647-00048899 let me start with an introductory
EUntUp77FYM-00177-00048900-00049090 statement because it's something that is
EUntUp77FYM-00178-00049091-00049373 really important from my point of view
EUntUp77FYM-00179-00049374-00049589 when we talk about attractive Capital
EUntUp77FYM-00180-00049590-00049774 markets when we talk about the Capital
EUntUp77FYM-00181-00049775-00050039 Market Union I think it's a little bit
EUntUp77FYM-00182-00050040-00050362 like talking about a cooking recipe you
EUntUp77FYM-00183-00050363-00050596 need the right ingredients and you need
EUntUp77FYM-00184-00050597-00050855 the right composition of ingredients to
EUntUp77FYM-00185-00050856-00051143 make it really a good dinner
EUntUp77FYM-00186-00051144-00051442 so what is needed for successful Capital
EUntUp77FYM-00187-00051444-00051737 markets I think it's from my point of
EUntUp77FYM-00188-00051738-00052007 view you need first of all a
EUntUp77FYM-00189-00052008-00052288 well-functioning capital Market I think
EUntUp77FYM-00190-00052289-00052535 that's something you already have you
EUntUp77FYM-00191-00052536-00052804 need of course a reasonable degree of
EUntUp77FYM-00192-00052805-00053044 investor protection something which is
EUntUp77FYM-00193-00053045-00053266 very important fortunately also for
EUntUp77FYM-00194-00053267-00053399 asthma
EUntUp77FYM-00195-00053400-00053621 but what you also need and it's
EUntUp77FYM-00196-00053622-00053915 something that we sometimes forget you
EUntUp77FYM-00197-00053916-00054257 need an attractive tax regime for
EUntUp77FYM-00198-00054258-00054575 investors but also for the smes
EUntUp77FYM-00199-00054576-00054880 and very often that's a national issue
EUntUp77FYM-00200-00054882-00055216 because tax is National so this is a
EUntUp77FYM-00201-00055217-00055457 very important ingredient and when we as
EUntUp77FYM-00202-00055458-00055666 Germans take a look at the northern
EUntUp77FYM-00203-00055667-00055897 markets and we will talk about it later
EUntUp77FYM-00204-00055898-00056237 we always we are envious to be true
EUntUp77FYM-00205-00056238-00056494 because they are very successful they
EUntUp77FYM-00206-00056495-00056716 have a high proportion of shareholders
EUntUp77FYM-00207-00056717-00056975 but if you look behind the scene it's
EUntUp77FYM-00208-00056976-00057304 very often also the tax regime and the
EUntUp77FYM-00209-00057305-00057647 tax incentives that are so attractive
EUntUp77FYM-00210-00057648-00057857 of course you also need attractive
EUntUp77FYM-00211-00057858-00058241 companies which is extremely important
EUntUp77FYM-00212-00058241-00058475 so if I take a look at Germany I just
EUntUp77FYM-00213-00058476-00058726 want to give you an example biontech
EUntUp77FYM-00214-00058727-00058942 I think a lot of you know this company
EUntUp77FYM-00215-00058944-00059225 because they produced some of the
EUntUp77FYM-00216-00059226-00059632 vaccines in the covid-19 pandemic
EUntUp77FYM-00217-00059633-00059854 this is a successful company I would say
EUntUp77FYM-00218-00059855-00060041 it's an SME
EUntUp77FYM-00219-00060041-00060400 no no already already medium size I
EUntUp77FYM-00220-00060401-00060503 would say
EUntUp77FYM-00221-00060504-00060844 but the question is we have this
EUntUp77FYM-00222-00060845-00061061 wonderful company we have everything
EUntUp77FYM-00223-00061062-00061330 around it and um
EUntUp77FYM-00224-00061332-00061637 we asked the company why didn't you
EUntUp77FYM-00225-00061638-00061925 choose the IPO in Germany why didn't you
EUntUp77FYM-00226-00061926-00062273 go public in Frankfurt or in Europe at
EUntUp77FYM-00227-00062274-00062638 least they went to NASDAQ well I think
EUntUp77FYM-00228-00062639-00062921 we spoke to them we go to the general
EUntUp77FYM-00229-00062922-00063371 meeting and the answer was very clear
EUntUp77FYM-00230-00063372-00063629 it's not about the prospectus it's not
EUntUp77FYM-00231-00063629-00064025 about multiple voting rights with you
EUntUp77FYM-00232-00064026-00064247 know it's not about that I think it's
EUntUp77FYM-00233-00064248-00064571 about the ecosystem and they gave a very
EUntUp77FYM-00234-00064572-00064925 simple ass answer they said there's just
EUntUp77FYM-00235-00064926-00065254 much more capital in the U.S market
EUntUp77FYM-00236-00065255-00065669 and the IPO will be successful without
EUntUp77FYM-00237-00065670-00066017 any problems because we have a much
EUntUp77FYM-00238-00066018-00066394 higher Market valuation in the US
EUntUp77FYM-00239-00066395-00066844 so I mean I don't want to I don't want
EUntUp77FYM-00240-00066845-00067013 to answer your question I'll come back
EUntUp77FYM-00241-00067014-00067193 to that but I think it's something we
EUntUp77FYM-00242-00067194-00067343 should think about
EUntUp77FYM-00243-00067344-00067775 that we have to take a look why is the
EUntUp77FYM-00244-00067776-00068044 U.S market and the UK Market not to
EUntUp77FYM-00245-00068045-00068459 forget that successful why are we still
EUntUp77FYM-00246-00068460-00068699 waiting for the European Capital Market
EUntUp77FYM-00247-00068700-00068837 Union
EUntUp77FYM-00248-00068838-00069113 I mean I think it's seven years now that
EUntUp77FYM-00249-00069114-00069400 we're talking in Brussels and in Germany
EUntUp77FYM-00250-00069401-00069706 about the Capital Market Union we all
EUntUp77FYM-00251-00069707-00069982 know that we need it for the trends
EUntUp77FYM-00252-00069983-00070231 transformation that we are all facing
EUntUp77FYM-00253-00070232-00070655 but still I think the situation we face
EUntUp77FYM-00254-00070656-00071063 is a little bit sobering so that was my
EUntUp77FYM-00255-00071064-00071273 introductory statement but let me come
EUntUp77FYM-00256-00071274-00071561 back to your question Eva I just wanted
EUntUp77FYM-00257-00071562-00071723 to wake you up a little bit in the
EUntUp77FYM-00258-00071724-00071806 morning
EUntUp77FYM-00259-00071807-00072097 the question was Mrs
EUntUp77FYM-00260-00072098-00072329 watanabi I really had to look it up
EUntUp77FYM-00261-00072330-00072605 because I didn't know about that
EUntUp77FYM-00262-00072606-00072911 but let me come back to your question I
EUntUp77FYM-00263-00072912-00072988 think
EUntUp77FYM-00264-00072989-00073271 what you want to know is what about the
EUntUp77FYM-00265-00073272-00073511 investment Behavior
EUntUp77FYM-00266-00073512-00073744 of women or let's say investors in
EUntUp77FYM-00267-00073745-00073991 general in Germany
EUntUp77FYM-00268-00073992-00074323 and as far as I understand Mrs vatara
EUntUp77FYM-00269-00074324-00074629 stands for the phenomenon of Japanese
EUntUp77FYM-00270-00074630-00075005 housewives who invested in currency
EUntUp77FYM-00271-00075006-00075365 trading in the early 2000s they bought
EUntUp77FYM-00272-00075366-00075749 Yen at lower low rates changed it mostly
EUntUp77FYM-00273-00075750-00076144 in Australian dollars to increase their
EUntUp77FYM-00274-00076145-00076541 family savings so in my view I would say
EUntUp77FYM-00275-00076542-00076811 this was high speculation
EUntUp77FYM-00276-00076812-00077188 this was high risk but with potentially
EUntUp77FYM-00277-00077189-00077555 High returns but Eva coming back to you
EUntUp77FYM-00278-00077556-00077861 I have to disappoint you we do not see
EUntUp77FYM-00279-00077862-00078149 such a phenomena in Germany on the
EUntUp77FYM-00280-00078150-00078509 contrary I would say German investors in
EUntUp77FYM-00281-00078510-00078612 general
EUntUp77FYM-00282-00078613-00079000 including women are conservative very
EUntUp77FYM-00283-00079001-00079135 conservative
EUntUp77FYM-00284-00079136-00079576 I think real estate is very popular and
EUntUp77FYM-00285-00079577-00079847 until the end of last century life
EUntUp77FYM-00286-00079848-00080129 insurance investment was popular
EUntUp77FYM-00287-00080130-00080488 actually we all always had a very low
EUntUp77FYM-00288-00080489-00080753 rate of shareholder participation of
EUntUp77FYM-00289-00080754-00081017 shareholders at all five percent of the
EUntUp77FYM-00290-00081018-00081365 German population in the past
EUntUp77FYM-00291-00081366-00081749 fortunately things have changed and this
EUntUp77FYM-00292-00081750-00082144 is due to covet and also to technical
EUntUp77FYM-00293-00082145-00082456 developments we now have the generation
EUntUp77FYM-00294-00082457-00082871 smartphone like my son and that's a very
EUntUp77FYM-00295-00082872-00083212 good thing because we have the Neo
EUntUp77FYM-00296-00083213-00083567 brokers who offer which offer a low-cost
EUntUp77FYM-00297-00083568-00083915 Services also for the trading and sadly
EUntUp77FYM-00298-00083916-00084155 we see in Germany that the figures of
EUntUp77FYM-00299-00084156-00084406 shareholders improved
EUntUp77FYM-00300-00084407-00084737 and now we have if I take a look at the
EUntUp77FYM-00301-00084738-00085032 figures now we have
EUntUp77FYM-00302-00085033-00085535 2.1 million new investors age 14 to 29
EUntUp77FYM-00303-00085536-00085835 we have another 2 million new Investors
EUntUp77FYM-00304-00085836-00086267 Group 30 to 39.
EUntUp77FYM-00305-00086268-00086699 of course 87 of all of them are male we
EUntUp77FYM-00306-00086700-00087082 should also take a look at that and we
EUntUp77FYM-00307-00087083-00087311 also had a close look do the invest
EUntUp77FYM-00308-00087312-00087682 directly or indirectly well 93 percent
EUntUp77FYM-00309-00087683-00088043 of them invest in ETF funds
EUntUp77FYM-00310-00088044-00088481 so it's not the story of Mrs Bata Nabi
EUntUp77FYM-00311-00088482-00088847 but it's more the story of Thomas and
EUntUp77FYM-00312-00088848-00089188 his friends that's how we call it and in
EUntUp77FYM-00313-00089189-00089567 Germany now we have 18.3 percent of the
EUntUp77FYM-00314-00089568-00089837 German populations as a direct or
EUntUp77FYM-00315-00089838-00090118 indirect shareholders and we are
EUntUp77FYM-00316-00090119-00090479 actually pretty proud on that new figure
EUntUp77FYM-00317-00090480-00090761 and we hope that this development will
EUntUp77FYM-00318-00090762-00090893 continue
EUntUp77FYM-00319-00090894-00091181 lovely so how much of a challenge then
EUntUp77FYM-00320-00091182-00091541 is overall EU Market access as well as
EUntUp77FYM-00321-00091542-00091937 say custody for German retail investors
EUntUp77FYM-00322-00091938-00092267 well let me start with this nasty topic
EUntUp77FYM-00323-00092268-00092567 custody because
EUntUp77FYM-00324-00092568-00092855 um the availability of custody is still
EUntUp77FYM-00325-00092856-00093094 a problem and I would like to give you a
EUntUp77FYM-00326-00093095-00093323 very recent example
EUntUp77FYM-00327-00093324-00093593 better Finance our European organization
EUntUp77FYM-00328-00093594-00093941 together with DSW we just published a
EUntUp77FYM-00329-00093942-00094187 new study two weeks ago
EUntUp77FYM-00330-00094188-00094679 on a cross-border voting in Europe
EUntUp77FYM-00331-00094680-00094882 actually it's all based on the
EUntUp77FYM-00332-00094883-00095112 shareholder rights directive one and two
EUntUp77FYM-00333-00095113-00095561 and we just wanted to find out how does
EUntUp77FYM-00334-00095562-00095915 it work in reality so our member
EUntUp77FYM-00335-00095916-00096281 organizations they bought shares in
EUntUp77FYM-00336-00096282-00096665 other European countries and they tried
EUntUp77FYM-00337-00096666-00096959 to exercise the most important right of
EUntUp77FYM-00338-00096960-00097271 the shareholder the right to vote
EUntUp77FYM-00339-00097272-00097571 now boating cross-border
EUntUp77FYM-00340-00097572-00097906 is quite challenging I can tell you so
EUntUp77FYM-00341-00097907-00098297 the outcome of this study was I would
EUntUp77FYM-00342-00098298-00098482 say it was devastating
EUntUp77FYM-00343-00098483-00098776 because only in the minority of all the
EUntUp77FYM-00344-00098777-00098891 cases
EUntUp77FYM-00345-00098892-00099185 our investors were successful in
EUntUp77FYM-00346-00099186-00099515 receiving the voting card and successful
EUntUp77FYM-00347-00099516-00099826 in voting at the general meeting
EUntUp77FYM-00348-00099827-00100121 now why is this the case because there's
EUntUp77FYM-00349-00100122-00100499 a whole chain of custodians in between
EUntUp77FYM-00350-00100500-00100805 between the issuer and the investor
EUntUp77FYM-00351-00100806-00101261 and this chain is old-fashioned it's
EUntUp77FYM-00352-00101262-00101668 complicated and it's very costly
EUntUp77FYM-00353-00101669-00101788 so
EUntUp77FYM-00354-00101789-00101968 when we talk about European Capital
EUntUp77FYM-00355-00101969-00102244 Market Union I think this is a very good
EUntUp77FYM-00356-00102245-00102592 example where we have to do something I
EUntUp77FYM-00357-00102593-00102790 mean we have the rules we have the
EUntUp77FYM-00358-00102791-00103025 shelter resurrective but it doesn't work
EUntUp77FYM-00359-00103026-00103390 in reality and in everyday life
EUntUp77FYM-00360-00103391-00103708 so when we talk about cross-border we
EUntUp77FYM-00361-00103709-00103882 also have to make sure that all the
EUntUp77FYM-00362-00103883-00104242 obstacles are abolished in cross-border
EUntUp77FYM-00363-00104243-00104494 such as in the boating procedure
EUntUp77FYM-00364-00104495-00104728 perfect thank you so much
EUntUp77FYM-00365-00104729-00104975 while we're talking here about separate
EUntUp77FYM-00366-00104976-00105173 companies let's maybe even take a step
EUntUp77FYM-00367-00105174-00105551 back to the top level and uh perhaps you
EUntUp77FYM-00368-00105552-00105695 know a quick couple of questions for our
EUntUp77FYM-00369-00105696-00106019 most distant guest Peter uh the Baltic
EUntUp77FYM-00370-00106020-00106228 region has experienced Capital flu
EUntUp77FYM-00371-00106229-00106510 challenges I've spoken earlier today of
EUntUp77FYM-00372-00106511-00106721 the Four Freedoms of the EU in terms of
EUntUp77FYM-00373-00106722-00107063 visibility one thing is size however you
EUntUp77FYM-00374-00107064-00107236 know despite these other institutional
EUntUp77FYM-00375-00107238-00107507 memberships uh of the EU Eurozone NATO
EUntUp77FYM-00376-00107508-00107777 and oecd membership at best they
EUntUp77FYM-00377-00107778-00108034 represent Frontier markets now fessa
EUntUp77FYM-00378-00108035-00108293 which is the Federation of European
EUntUp77FYM-00379-00108294-00108575 Securities exchanges according to its
EUntUp77FYM-00380-00108576-00108947 website represents 30 countries 35
EUntUp77FYM-00381-00108948-00109343 exchanges and over 9 000 listed
EUntUp77FYM-00382-00109344-00109534 companies now that's a powerful amount
EUntUp77FYM-00383-00109535-00109828 of Capital Market representation
EUntUp77FYM-00384-00109829-00110140 even in an international sense now if we
EUntUp77FYM-00385-00110141-00110525 zero in on the European Union how well
EUntUp77FYM-00386-00110526-00110975 is the EU region aligned in terms of a
EUntUp77FYM-00387-00110976-00111221 unified investment destination for both
EUntUp77FYM-00388-00111222-00111599 International and EU investors taking
EUntUp77FYM-00389-00111600-00111916 into account this Baltic situation which
EUntUp77FYM-00390-00111917-00112271 I just referred to please
EUntUp77FYM-00391-00112272-00112649 thank you very much and hello to turiga
EUntUp77FYM-00392-00112650-00112823 that's uh relocated that they couldn't
EUntUp77FYM-00393-00112824-00112973 come this time because it's one of the
EUntUp77FYM-00394-00112974-00113189 blind support or widespread on a map of
EUntUp77FYM-00395-00113190-00113386 Europe where I have never been so I
EUntUp77FYM-00396-00113388-00113699 promise next time I'm gonna be there so
EUntUp77FYM-00397-00113700-00113821 bad
EUntUp77FYM-00398-00113822-00114166 that's uh uh yes not only that the
EUntUp77FYM-00399-00114167-00114340 numbers you said you know we also
EUntUp77FYM-00400-00114341-00114439 represent
EUntUp77FYM-00401-00114440-00114677 1676 companies which we listed on our
EUntUp77FYM-00402-00114678-00114928 CME markets so we are the one who is
EUntUp77FYM-00403-00114929-00115145 delivering on a capital Market Union
EUntUp77FYM-00404-00115146-00115415 I don't want to be too rude to say we
EUntUp77FYM-00405-00115416-00115727 are almost the only one as the exchanges
EUntUp77FYM-00406-00115728-00115990 who are delivering because I don't think
EUntUp77FYM-00407-00115991-00116165 that could be said about the global
EUntUp77FYM-00408-00116166-00116489 investment Banks who frankly don't care
EUntUp77FYM-00409-00116490-00116758 about Capital Market Union and SME
EUntUp77FYM-00410-00116759-00116993 financing in Europe they do care about
EUntUp77FYM-00411-00116994-00117113 their profit
EUntUp77FYM-00412-00117114-00117358 fair enough but that's how they are
EUntUp77FYM-00413-00117359-00117533 doing business they are doing business
EUntUp77FYM-00414-00117533-00117697 on a couple of Blue Chips in Europe
EUntUp77FYM-00415-00117698-00118054 advocating things like consolidated tape
EUntUp77FYM-00416-00118055-00118336 and as much liberal as possible as much
EUntUp77FYM-00417-00118338-00118510 moving to London as possible as much
EUntUp77FYM-00418-00118511-00118889 moving to us as possible we are here we
EUntUp77FYM-00419-00118890-00119069 are here for Europe and we are here for
EUntUp77FYM-00420-00119070-00119321 financing of European companies and
EUntUp77FYM-00421-00119322-00119710 especially smes and maybe before I
EUntUp77FYM-00422-00119711-00120058 answer I would I have to mention this I
EUntUp77FYM-00423-00120059-00120208 listened to the prime minister's speech
EUntUp77FYM-00424-00120209-00120443 I listened to the Minister of Finance
EUntUp77FYM-00425-00120444-00120527 please
EUntUp77FYM-00426-00120528-00120713 that's really came from another planet
EUntUp77FYM-00427-00120714-00120958 you know as I was speaking with uh on
EUntUp77FYM-00428-00120959-00121163 the several panels in uh elsewhere in
EUntUp77FYM-00429-00121164-00121427 Eastern Europe I have never heard a
EUntUp77FYM-00430-00121428-00121690 prime minister together with finance
EUntUp77FYM-00431-00121691-00122039 minister so much pressing for
EUntUp77FYM-00432-00122040-00122345 development of the capital markets I I
EUntUp77FYM-00433-00122346-00122608 really enjoy you know because that's uh
EUntUp77FYM-00434-00122609-00122945 that situation which is very rare and I
EUntUp77FYM-00435-00122946-00123166 hope the lately in Capital Market and a
EUntUp77FYM-00436-00123167-00123460 whole Baltic region will cherish from it
EUntUp77FYM-00437-00123461-00123545 um
EUntUp77FYM-00438-00123546-00123899 also I like the Verna comments on the
EUntUp77FYM-00439-00123900-00124127 too much debt financing and need to move
EUntUp77FYM-00440-00124128-00124390 more to the equity financing development
EUntUp77FYM-00441-00124391-00124793 of of retail investment mechanisms so I
EUntUp77FYM-00442-00124794-00124931 I hope we're gonna have a time to
EUntUp77FYM-00443-00124932-00125128 discuss that uh later on in the panel
EUntUp77FYM-00444-00125129-00125297 But to answer your question and I like
EUntUp77FYM-00445-00125298-00125495 it actually with the Orchid you are
EUntUp77FYM-00446-00125496-00125807 completely right uh you can look at the
EUntUp77FYM-00447-00125808-00126047 Europe Through The Eyes of the several
EUntUp77FYM-00448-00126048-00126383 Maps you have a map of NATO we are one
EUntUp77FYM-00449-00126383-00126599 country you have a map of European Union
EUntUp77FYM-00450-00126600-00126928 we are one country we have a map of oecd
EUntUp77FYM-00451-00126929-00127084 We Are One country
EUntUp77FYM-00452-00127085-00127283 you have a map of
EUntUp77FYM-00453-00127283-00127486 index providers and Market
EUntUp77FYM-00454-00127488-00127799 classification there is a iron curtain
EUntUp77FYM-00455-00127800-00128116 as it was raised in 1947.
EUntUp77FYM-00456-00128117-00128239 still
EUntUp77FYM-00457-00128240-00128410 2023
EUntUp77FYM-00458-00128411-00128704 we are second class markets
EUntUp77FYM-00459-00128705-00128986 if Capital Market and any cross-border
EUntUp77FYM-00460-00128988-00129125 business
EUntUp77FYM-00461-00129126-00129431 should be successful the European Union
EUntUp77FYM-00462-00129432-00129701 have to do something about that
EUntUp77FYM-00463-00129702-00129947 that's I would say I would even use the
EUntUp77FYM-00464-00129948-00130264 word it's ridiculous after so many years
EUntUp77FYM-00465-00130265-00130649 of us being members implementing the
EUntUp77FYM-00466-00130650-00130769 same rules
EUntUp77FYM-00467-00130770-00131045 we are just the supermarket for the
EUntUp77FYM-00468-00131046-00131231 global investment Banks to take our
EUntUp77FYM-00469-00131232-00131440 biggest issues to the real markets as
EUntUp77FYM-00470-00131441-00131728 they say to the big markets as they say
EUntUp77FYM-00471-00131729-00132077 and we are here playing crawl of second
EUntUp77FYM-00472-00132078-00132311 in terms of emerging market or third
EUntUp77FYM-00473-00132312-00132521 class citizens or even fourth class
EUntUp77FYM-00474-00132522-00132707 citizens because some of the markets in
EUntUp77FYM-00475-00132708-00132893 Capital Market Union are not even
EUntUp77FYM-00476-00132894-00133085 classified because they are so small I
EUntUp77FYM-00477-00133086-00133235 think this is the case of Slovakia our
EUntUp77FYM-00478-00133236-00133583 neighbor so this is a huge problem
EUntUp77FYM-00479-00133584-00134135 and I don't buy the argument that there
EUntUp77FYM-00480-00134136-00134393 could be development of the companies
EUntUp77FYM-00481-00134394-00134752 from those markets by getting listing
EUntUp77FYM-00482-00134753-00134987 Access Capital markets Into Summer
EUntUp77FYM-00483-00134988-00135227 Market which is 2 000 miles further on
EUntUp77FYM-00484-00135228-00135340 on the west
EUntUp77FYM-00485-00135341-00135652 because those markets care only about
EUntUp77FYM-00486-00135653-00135857 the big transaction we need small and
EUntUp77FYM-00487-00135858-00136163 medium transaction to grow into the big
EUntUp77FYM-00488-00136164-00136475 companies and to grow in a local
EUntUp77FYM-00489-00136476-00136763 ecosystem which need to be strong that's
EUntUp77FYM-00490-00136764-00136949 I would say one of the major problems of
EUntUp77FYM-00491-00136950-00137171 Capital Market Union
EUntUp77FYM-00492-00137172-00137663 thank you so might just be the the CMU
EUntUp77FYM-00493-00137664-00137987 process be partially embraced to rectify
EUntUp77FYM-00494-00137988-00138190 this now for example
EUntUp77FYM-00495-00138191-00138564 maybe it's easy to reference an EU
EUntUp77FYM-00496-00138565-00138983 Universe of shares via a Wilshire 5000
EUntUp77FYM-00497-00138984-00139235 style of index which actually represents
EUntUp77FYM-00498-00139236-00139523 all listed U.S Securities now the idea
EUntUp77FYM-00499-00139524-00139871 of course is not to compete with
EUntUp77FYM-00500-00139872-00140087 traditional index providers but make the
EUntUp77FYM-00501-00140088-00140464 whole EU region a single market for
EUntUp77FYM-00502-00140465-00140885 investment contemplation by its own and
EUntUp77FYM-00503-00140886-00141287 perhaps also other investors large or
EUntUp77FYM-00504-00141288-00141509 small I mean small investors might only
EUntUp77FYM-00505-00141510-00141773 see highly selective Regional indices
EUntUp77FYM-00506-00141774-00142049 when they're reading their news or other
EUntUp77FYM-00507-00142050-00142247 news commentary how would that sound
EUntUp77FYM-00508-00142248-00142535 maybe as an approach
EUntUp77FYM-00509-00142536-00142793 yeah well definitely possible but the
EUntUp77FYM-00510-00142794-00142997 problem is that most of the money around
EUntUp77FYM-00511-00142998-00143321 the world is managed based on the basis
EUntUp77FYM-00512-00143322-00143578 of the current index providers to bring
EUntUp77FYM-00513-00143579-00143866 something new uh I think many companies
EUntUp77FYM-00514-00143867-00144119 tried we at the University we were
EUntUp77FYM-00515-00144120-00144413 trying to also bring the indexes which
EUntUp77FYM-00516-00144414-00144647 will which which mixed actually the the
EUntUp77FYM-00517-00144648-00144809 central European stocks with the Western
EUntUp77FYM-00518-00144810-00145013 European stock very difficult to
EUntUp77FYM-00519-00145014-00145247 convince the investors let's let's face
EUntUp77FYM-00520-00145248-00145493 the reality there are
EUntUp77FYM-00521-00145494-00145828 trillions of Euro and dollars managed
EUntUp77FYM-00522-00145829-00146033 around the world and most of them simply
EUntUp77FYM-00523-00146034-00146339 rely on one of these three or four index
EUntUp77FYM-00524-00146340-00146477 providers
EUntUp77FYM-00525-00146478-00146933 the problems is that some of them
EUntUp77FYM-00526-00146934-00147269 in their rulebook if you read it this
EUntUp77FYM-00527-00147270-00147497 rule book is written in the 70s
EUntUp77FYM-00528-00147498-00147749 in time of the national States
EUntUp77FYM-00529-00147750-00147940 for example one of the index providers
EUntUp77FYM-00530-00147941-00148313 have their functioning derivative Market
EUntUp77FYM-00531-00148314-00148697 how many markets in eu27 have no
EUntUp77FYM-00532-00148698-00148943 functioning derivative markets as a
EUntUp77FYM-00533-00148944-00149104 condition to be classified as a
EUntUp77FYM-00534-00149105-00149278 developed or emerging market
EUntUp77FYM-00535-00149279-00149585 those are nonsenses which are not valid
EUntUp77FYM-00536-00149586-00149795 for European Union European Union on one
EUntUp77FYM-00537-00149796-00150185 hand is saying I want to somehow
EUntUp77FYM-00538-00150186-00150407 so for example through Emir I want to
EUntUp77FYM-00539-00150408-00150725 concentrate to risk the risk and to few
EUntUp77FYM-00540-00150726-00151175 centers which is very good thinking but
EUntUp77FYM-00541-00151176-00151475 it's in contrary to the description of
EUntUp77FYM-00542-00151476-00151716 the markets by index providers
EUntUp77FYM-00543-00151717-00152057 Unfortunately they index providers
EUntUp77FYM-00544-00152058-00152290 usually don't speak to us they don't
EUntUp77FYM-00545-00152291-00152543 speak to local players they do speak
EUntUp77FYM-00546-00152544-00152740 only to their clients and biggest
EUntUp77FYM-00547-00152741-00152914 customers which is the biggest asset
EUntUp77FYM-00548-00152915-00153143 managers in the world and that's why I
EUntUp77FYM-00549-00153144-00153413 think we are serving them nobody else
EUntUp77FYM-00550-00153414-00153652 however I believe that if European
EUntUp77FYM-00551-00153653-00153773 Commission
EUntUp77FYM-00552-00153774-00154187 or asthma or
EUntUp77FYM-00553-00154188-00154426 I don't know well they don't even speak
EUntUp77FYM-00554-00154427-00154835 to us as a vessel will try to make the
EUntUp77FYM-00555-00154836-00155159 pressure on those index providers to
EUntUp77FYM-00556-00155160-00155513 look at Europe as a one country as a one
EUntUp77FYM-00557-00155514-00155837 investment region that could make that
EUntUp77FYM-00558-00155838-00156185 could start to make a difference
EUntUp77FYM-00559-00156186-00156443 um ebrd is making some efforts in that
EUntUp77FYM-00560-00156444-00156731 respect the efforts are
EUntUp77FYM-00561-00156732-00156995 how successful I would say they have
EUntUp77FYM-00562-00156996-00157199 been successful I believe invest in
EUntUp77FYM-00563-00157200-00157409 Africa to where they unified couple of
EUntUp77FYM-00564-00157410-00157589 capital markets and convince the index
EUntUp77FYM-00565-00157590-00157726 providers to unify them in one
EUntUp77FYM-00566-00157727-00157937 investment Zone and the classification
EUntUp77FYM-00567-00157938-00158302 then increased but uh I would say we
EUntUp77FYM-00568-00158303-00158747 need pan-european move in this matter
EUntUp77FYM-00569-00158748-00159059 thank you so much so if we come back to
EUntUp77FYM-00570-00159060-00159376 a to a home-based question and and in
EUntUp77FYM-00571-00159377-00159635 terms of maybe you know think Global act
EUntUp77FYM-00572-00159636-00159731 local
EUntUp77FYM-00573-00159732-00159983 uh very much the Latvian Market has
EUntUp77FYM-00574-00159984-00160169 something in recent years made very
EUntUp77FYM-00575-00160170-00160390 important strides in developing an
EUntUp77FYM-00576-00160391-00160601 awareness of capital markets for both
EUntUp77FYM-00577-00160602-00160907 issuers and investors now this
EUntUp77FYM-00578-00160908-00161116 encouraging Improvement has been
EUntUp77FYM-00579-00161117-00161339 achieved by the bank of Latvia has
EUntUp77FYM-00580-00161340-00161669 recently merged fcmc regulator operation
EUntUp77FYM-00581-00161670-00161963 can you perhaps summarize the key things
EUntUp77FYM-00582-00161964-00162233 that were addressed is it just issuers
EUntUp77FYM-00583-00162234-00162478 or is it also a case of addressing other
EUntUp77FYM-00584-00162479-00162719 actors in the economy and if so who
EUntUp77FYM-00585-00162720-00163021 please yeah thank you Evers
EUntUp77FYM-00586-00163022-00163435 definitely already years back we started
EUntUp77FYM-00587-00163436-00163793 firstly was assessing actually where we
EUntUp77FYM-00588-00163794-00164249 stand and and together with the outcome
EUntUp77FYM-00589-00164250-00164633 of this assessment we came up with this
EUntUp77FYM-00590-00164634-00164807 10-step program
EUntUp77FYM-00591-00164808-00165166 so uh and actually now year by year we
EUntUp77FYM-00592-00165167-00165376 are following the the development and
EUntUp77FYM-00593-00165377-00165623 success of this 10-step program so
EUntUp77FYM-00594-00165624-00165839 definitely this is based has already
EUntUp77FYM-00595-00165840-00166090 been told on on three building blocks
EUntUp77FYM-00596-00166091-00166439 major so government
EUntUp77FYM-00597-00166440-00166764 um issues and the investors
EUntUp77FYM-00598-00166765-00167075 when it comes to government uh I'm
EUntUp77FYM-00599-00167076-00167357 really glad to hear the Prime Minister
EUntUp77FYM-00600-00167358-00167778 the ministry of uh Minister of Finance
EUntUp77FYM-00601-00167779-00168143 raising the awareness also of necessity
EUntUp77FYM-00602-00168144-00168490 of also a government participation to
EUntUp77FYM-00603-00168491-00168869 build the local Capital Market and we
EUntUp77FYM-00604-00168870-00169216 really need this um this the the basic
EUntUp77FYM-00605-00169217-00169528 blocks to open up the the capital Market
EUntUp77FYM-00606-00169529-00169907 with liquidity with bigger players like
EUntUp77FYM-00607-00169908-00170164 like state-owned companies there are a
EUntUp77FYM-00608-00170165-00170387 lot of discussions around that but not
EUntUp77FYM-00609-00170388-00170602 only discussions I believe there already
EUntUp77FYM-00610-00170603-00170963 are some actions in the background to to
EUntUp77FYM-00611-00170964-00171190 succeed in in this area
EUntUp77FYM-00612-00171191-00171557 uh also when it comes to government or
EUntUp77FYM-00613-00171558-00171869 like State and we as a bank of Lottery
EUntUp77FYM-00614-00171870-00172228 also believe are are the ones of policy
EUntUp77FYM-00615-00172229-00172589 makers in in this case or or sort of
EUntUp77FYM-00616-00172590-00172937 supporting the policy makers uh we also
EUntUp77FYM-00617-00172938-00173351 have done a lot uh to improve the the
EUntUp77FYM-00618-00173352-00173573 local regulation there have been a lot
EUntUp77FYM-00619-00173574-00173752 of amendments and different laws
EUntUp77FYM-00620-00173753-00174089 actually to support uh both investors
EUntUp77FYM-00621-00174090-00174533 and the issuers uh recent developments
EUntUp77FYM-00622-00174534-00174959 actually uh last year we came up with
EUntUp77FYM-00623-00174960-00175187 the with the the sandbox security
EUntUp77FYM-00624-00175188-00175595 sandbox and we see already now quite a
EUntUp77FYM-00625-00175596-00175811 good interest also from from a
EUntUp77FYM-00626-00175812-00176140 municipality companies coming in and
EUntUp77FYM-00627-00176141-00176369 trying to understand what they should do
EUntUp77FYM-00628-00176370-00176616 to to go public
EUntUp77FYM-00629-00176617-00177043 uh also the when it comes to investors
EUntUp77FYM-00630-00177044-00177293 uh the information available
EUntUp77FYM-00631-00177294-00177635 availability and and also through the
EUntUp77FYM-00632-00177636-00178097 sound the sandbox uh they they can also
EUntUp77FYM-00633-00178098-00178387 understand actually what to do
EUntUp77FYM-00634-00178388-00178901 uh also uh the the financial literacy I
EUntUp77FYM-00635-00178902-00179135 I also want to want to touch a bit upon
EUntUp77FYM-00636-00179136-00179437 that because uh
EUntUp77FYM-00637-00179438-00179854 very you know well informed and and
EUntUp77FYM-00638-00179855-00180263 knowledgeable investor uh will be the
EUntUp77FYM-00639-00180264-00180463 one actually also
EUntUp77FYM-00640-00180464-00180725 participating and and giving the input
EUntUp77FYM-00641-00180726-00181025 into the capital markets so we've done a
EUntUp77FYM-00642-00181026-00181271 lot by informing uh in different
EUntUp77FYM-00643-00181272-00181709 channels uh we we uh we have made a lot
EUntUp77FYM-00644-00181710-00181997 of different uh conferences seminars
EUntUp77FYM-00645-00181998-00182309 smaller groups bigger groups uh our
EUntUp77FYM-00646-00182310-00182573 colleagues actually uh done the
EUntUp77FYM-00647-00182574-00182951 tremendous job by creating the the uh
EUntUp77FYM-00648-00182952-00183547 radio series called pelnid brasma
EUntUp77FYM-00649-00183548-00183851 addressing all those issues actually in
EUntUp77FYM-00650-00183852-00184187 both for investors four issuers what to
EUntUp77FYM-00651-00184188-00184447 do and actually how we all together can
EUntUp77FYM-00652-00184448-00184804 develop the Capital Market also in terms
EUntUp77FYM-00653-00184805-00185152 of um investor protection uh I should
EUntUp77FYM-00654-00185153-00185428 mention that we've been very closely
EUntUp77FYM-00655-00185429-00185657 working together with the law
EUntUp77FYM-00656-00185658-00185857 enforcement agencies
EUntUp77FYM-00657-00185858-00186199 also we made a lot of
EUntUp77FYM-00658-00186200-00186659 learning programs for them to
EUntUp77FYM-00659-00186660-00187078 for them to to actually excel in in
EUntUp77FYM-00660-00187079-00187373 their ability to understand where the
EUntUp77FYM-00661-00187374-00187654 crime actually happens and and how to
EUntUp77FYM-00662-00187655-00187937 tackle those situations so
EUntUp77FYM-00663-00187938-00188164 um yeah I believe that all those
EUntUp77FYM-00664-00188165-00188411 different already discussions started
EUntUp77FYM-00665-00188412-00188754 and and the different private and public
EUntUp77FYM-00666-00188755-00189028 parties involved in those discussions
EUntUp77FYM-00667-00189029-00189514 and creating those action plans uh both
EUntUp77FYM-00668-00189515-00189731 for for Ministries
EUntUp77FYM-00669-00189732-00190019 um for for for for uh for us as the
EUntUp77FYM-00670-00190020-00190354 regulator and I I think that that this
EUntUp77FYM-00671-00190355-00190654 common work together will bring us to
EUntUp77FYM-00672-00190655-00190895 some you know next steps and maybe some
EUntUp77FYM-00673-00190896-00191171 successful next steps perfect thank you
EUntUp77FYM-00674-00191172-00191513 so much so reflecting back to uh to our
EUntUp77FYM-00675-00191514-00191687 keynote speaker maybe a question for
EUntUp77FYM-00676-00191688-00192125 Verena so we've heard today and not just
EUntUp77FYM-00677-00192126-00192454 maybe the Baltic States smaller markets
EUntUp77FYM-00678-00192455-00192623 uh considering that they might not be
EUntUp77FYM-00679-00192624-00192826 attracting enough Capital as opposed to
EUntUp77FYM-00680-00192827-00193126 other EU member states what measures
EUntUp77FYM-00681-00193127-00193451 could perhaps be implemented at the EU
EUntUp77FYM-00682-00193452-00193769 level to increase the attractiveness or
EUntUp77FYM-00683-00193770-00193943 accessibility please
EUntUp77FYM-00684-00193944-00194219 thank you Evas and wonderful to sit
EUntUp77FYM-00685-00194220-00194381 around this table as well to discuss
EUntUp77FYM-00686-00194382-00194728 these important topics and I think you
EUntUp77FYM-00687-00194729-00195109 it is clear that the importance of
EUntUp77FYM-00688-00195110-00195569 ensuring good understanding of what the
EUntUp77FYM-00689-00195570-00195875 companies in Latvia in the baltics
EUntUp77FYM-00690-00195876-00196211 actually can stand for what they can
EUntUp77FYM-00691-00196212-00196469 bring to the wider economy in Europe and
EUntUp77FYM-00692-00196470-00196769 globally is one of the key aspects and I
EUntUp77FYM-00693-00196770-00197038 think there some of the developments at
EUntUp77FYM-00694-00197039-00197278 the European scale for looking at more
EUntUp77FYM-00695-00197279-00197578 transparency around company information
EUntUp77FYM-00696-00197579-00197923 about putting on the same
EUntUp77FYM-00697-00197924-00198299 platform the companies that are the Blue
EUntUp77FYM-00698-00198300-00198545 Chips which everyone knows with some of
EUntUp77FYM-00699-00198546-00198731 the companies that are not well known
EUntUp77FYM-00700-00198732-00199019 and will really help and being able to
EUntUp77FYM-00701-00199020-00199193 compare information whether it's
EUntUp77FYM-00702-00199194-00199354 financial information whether it's
EUntUp77FYM-00703-00199355-00199613 sustainability related information to
EUntUp77FYM-00704-00199614-00199804 allow the investor to actually see
EUntUp77FYM-00705-00199805-00200116 companies on across the whole of Europe
EUntUp77FYM-00706-00200117-00200399 in the same framework I think will be
EUntUp77FYM-00707-00200400-00200602 extremely important and that is this
EUntUp77FYM-00708-00200603-00200776 European single access point which I
EUntUp77FYM-00709-00200777-00200999 briefly mentioned earlier but for me
EUntUp77FYM-00710-00201000-00201178 that is one of the things that could
EUntUp77FYM-00711-00201179-00201502 really make a difference in investors
EUntUp77FYM-00712-00201503-00201719 perception minds and that's not only
EUntUp77FYM-00713-00201720-00201904 European investors it's more retail
EUntUp77FYM-00714-00201905-00202102 investors but maybe also some of the
EUntUp77FYM-00715-00202103-00202361 investors from outside of Europe whose
EUntUp77FYM-00716-00202362-00202571 capital we also need to bring into the
EUntUp77FYM-00717-00202572-00202769 European market so I think from that
EUntUp77FYM-00718-00202770-00202919 perspective I think that is very
EUntUp77FYM-00719-00202920-00203188 important a very closely listen for what
EUntUp77FYM-00720-00203189-00203447 Peter said about the index providers I
EUntUp77FYM-00721-00203448-00203723 can see that is a real Challenge and
EUntUp77FYM-00722-00203724-00203926 something that you know belongs to the
EUntUp77FYM-00723-00203927-00204221 overall ecosystem of ensuring that
EUntUp77FYM-00724-00204222-00204599 um companies are properly being part of
EUntUp77FYM-00725-00204600-00204773 the investment Universe which is
EUntUp77FYM-00726-00204774-00205060 considered by investors around the board
EUntUp77FYM-00727-00205061-00205331 and then finally I think I would very
EUntUp77FYM-00728-00205332-00205631 much Echo what Santa said and and yell
EUntUp77FYM-00729-00205632-00205979 us that as well the importance of making
EUntUp77FYM-00730-00205980-00206440 investors aware and educating them and I
EUntUp77FYM-00731-00206441-00206651 think digitalization has huge
EUntUp77FYM-00732-00206652-00206860 opportunities to offer there
EUntUp77FYM-00733-00206861-00207053 but we also need to make sure that
EUntUp77FYM-00734-00207054-00207340 investors are properly informed without
EUntUp77FYM-00735-00207341-00207521 being overburdened by too much
EUntUp77FYM-00736-00207521-00207784 information that is education that is
EUntUp77FYM-00737-00207785-00207958 the right information that they need to
EUntUp77FYM-00738-00207959-00208331 get and also being accompanied in their
EUntUp77FYM-00739-00208332-00208619 investment journey to be able to take
EUntUp77FYM-00740-00208619-00208931 the right decisions for themselves so I
EUntUp77FYM-00741-00208932-00209231 think all of that is the package that is
EUntUp77FYM-00742-00209232-00209482 important to try to drive us forward and
EUntUp77FYM-00743-00209483-00209723 I would very much emphasize that also
EUntUp77FYM-00744-00209723-00210058 only with the developments at a regional
EUntUp77FYM-00745-00210059-00210263 and National level we can ultimately
EUntUp77FYM-00746-00210264-00210515 build a successful European single
EUntUp77FYM-00747-00210516-00210737 Market of course we need to try to
EUntUp77FYM-00748-00210738-00211025 integrate to consolidate to make sure we
EUntUp77FYM-00749-00211026-00211319 really have free Capital flow across the
EUntUp77FYM-00750-00211319-00211613 European Union but the particularly for
EUntUp77FYM-00751-00211614-00211984 smaller companies the regional and
EUntUp77FYM-00752-00211985-00212267 abilities to actually raise Capital will
EUntUp77FYM-00753-00212267-00212429 remain important
EUntUp77FYM-00754-00212430-00212596 thank you so much we'll be addressing
EUntUp77FYM-00755-00212598-00212782 that in the second topic and just as
EUntUp77FYM-00756-00212783-00213119 we're closing uh the first Topic at the
EUntUp77FYM-00757-00213119-00213413 moment Peter anything maybe you've seen
EUntUp77FYM-00758-00213414-00213646 us miss or maybe we're still pointing
EUntUp77FYM-00759-00213648-00213917 out on on the first topic please
EUntUp77FYM-00760-00213917-00214096 no I would say you know very important
EUntUp77FYM-00761-00214098-00214294 is this esap you know the European
EUntUp77FYM-00762-00214296-00214637 single access point I uh I was there
EUntUp77FYM-00763-00214638-00214858 actually when this idea was born there
EUntUp77FYM-00764-00214859-00215027 was high level Forum at David Wright
EUntUp77FYM-00765-00215028-00215291 brought it in basically and uh where I
EUntUp77FYM-00766-00215292-00215506 was a member of the high level Forum uh
EUntUp77FYM-00767-00215507-00215734 you know we look at the U.S Edgar and
EUntUp77FYM-00768-00215735-00215921 like why not to do something like that
EUntUp77FYM-00769-00215921-00216077 in Europe they don't ever think in
EUntUp77FYM-00770-00216078-00216317 English machine readable I would say
EUntUp77FYM-00771-00216317-00216479 it's a great thing and I was immediately
EUntUp77FYM-00772-00216480-00216658 reacting you know in some of the cooler
EUntUp77FYM-00773-00216659-00216844 discussion today which is like
EUntUp77FYM-00774-00216846-00217084 fine you know this is this is very good
EUntUp77FYM-00775-00217085-00217325 let's share all the information it will
EUntUp77FYM-00776-00217326-00217667 help the investors but uh let's do it
EUntUp77FYM-00777-00217667-00217846 more extensively let's do it for example
EUntUp77FYM-00778-00217848-00217967 also
EUntUp77FYM-00779-00217967-00218284 to input the research into that you know
EUntUp77FYM-00780-00218285-00218465 that the companies could import the
EUntUp77FYM-00781-00218466-00218681 research that was written on them I
EUntUp77FYM-00782-00218682-00218842 understand that some of the research is
EUntUp77FYM-00783-00218844-00219053 expensive because you know it doesn't
EUntUp77FYM-00784-00219054-00219239 have to be completely fresh research you
EUntUp77FYM-00785-00219240-00219419 know for retail sometimes it's enough to
EUntUp77FYM-00786-00219419-00219623 have a one month old paper which have
EUntUp77FYM-00787-00219623-00219803 definitely lower value than the
EUntUp77FYM-00788-00219804-00220108 completely fresh paper and uh and also
EUntUp77FYM-00789-00220109-00220355 what I'm I think will be still missing
EUntUp77FYM-00790-00220356-00220594 and I I believe it can go in second
EUntUp77FYM-00791-00220596-00220906 phase would be pre-ipo and IPO
EUntUp77FYM-00792-00220907-00221153 information and that's now I'm touching
EUntUp77FYM-00793-00221154-00221303 the problem with the offering in Europe
EUntUp77FYM-00794-00221304-00221717 it's not that difficult actually for
EUntUp77FYM-00795-00221717-00222023 Czech citizen or Latvian citizen or
EUntUp77FYM-00796-00222023-00222317 French citizen to buy a Swedish stock to
EUntUp77FYM-00797-00222317-00222569 buy a Spanish stock there are many of
EUntUp77FYM-00798-00222569-00222834 providers of the cross-border trading
EUntUp77FYM-00799-00222835-00223042 comes a little bit more difficult on the
EUntUp77FYM-00800-00223044-00223313 SME level but as the medium and Blue
EUntUp77FYM-00801-00223314-00223571 Chips it's not that difficult and
EUntUp77FYM-00802-00223571-00223708 frankly it's not that difficult to find
EUntUp77FYM-00803-00223709-00223919 an information on the on the internet if
EUntUp77FYM-00804-00223919-00224069 you speak English about those companies
EUntUp77FYM-00805-00224069-00224392 to find uh what was the trading the
EUntUp77FYM-00806-00224394-00224656 final last takes you even don't need
EUntUp77FYM-00807-00224657-00224813 Consolidated pay for it because for
EUntUp77FYM-00808-00224814-00225053 retail client you know it's it's fine
EUntUp77FYM-00809-00225054-00225203 you know if you have one minute delay
EUntUp77FYM-00810-00225204-00225448 data nobody cares really if you are not
EUntUp77FYM-00811-00225450-00225784 trading as a day trader uh what you
EUntUp77FYM-00812-00225785-00226103 cannot do is to find any information and
EUntUp77FYM-00813-00226104-00226391 get access to the IPOs
EUntUp77FYM-00814-00226392-00226703 Ed to the key what we see in the Capital
EUntUp77FYM-00815-00226704-00226960 Market Union raising of the capital for
EUntUp77FYM-00816-00226961-00227081 smes
EUntUp77FYM-00817-00227082-00227555 me as a Czech citizen there is no way to
EUntUp77FYM-00818-00227556-00227969 participate on a Spanish SME IPO
EUntUp77FYM-00819-00227969-00228155 I don't have any information legally I
EUntUp77FYM-00820-00228156-00228310 even cannot have the information because
EUntUp77FYM-00821-00228311-00228587 prospectus is not available and offering
EUntUp77FYM-00822-00228588-00228773 is not available outside of the country
EUntUp77FYM-00823-00228773-00229060 it need to be notified and some of the
EUntUp77FYM-00824-00229061-00229277 investment Banks were to come and
EUntUp77FYM-00825-00229278-00229517 notified in the respective country find
EUntUp77FYM-00826-00229517-00229937 an agent who will distribute it so there
EUntUp77FYM-00827-00229938-00230225 is this is the limitation for European
EUntUp77FYM-00828-00230226-00230542 markets that I cannot look up you know I
EUntUp77FYM-00829-00230544-00230710 would like to invest in a nanotechnology
EUntUp77FYM-00830-00230711-00231046 and I would look up into some server
EUntUp77FYM-00831-00231048-00231269 anywhere you know where I would find out
EUntUp77FYM-00832-00231269-00231442 oh there are three nanotechnology
EUntUp77FYM-00833-00231444-00231689 offerings in Europe in the first quarter
EUntUp77FYM-00834-00231690-00231881 let's have a look at that and then I
EUntUp77FYM-00835-00231882-00232067 would find some information and send the
EUntUp77FYM-00836-00232067-00232301 order to these offerings I have no
EUntUp77FYM-00837-00232302-00232631 chance now look at how it is in the U.S
EUntUp77FYM-00838-00232632-00232846 if I'm sitting in Ohio
EUntUp77FYM-00839-00232848-00233092 I definitely can look up how many
EUntUp77FYM-00840-00233094-00233291 nanotechnologies are offered in the
EUntUp77FYM-00841-00233292-00233489 United States one of them is from
EUntUp77FYM-00842-00233490-00233669 California another one from Seattle
EUntUp77FYM-00843-00233669-00233951 Washington another one from wherever
EUntUp77FYM-00844-00233952-00234419 Atlanta Georgia and I can buy them all I
EUntUp77FYM-00845-00234419-00234641 can send the order to all of them I can
EUntUp77FYM-00846-00234642-00234808 provide them even if I'm sitting in Ohio
EUntUp77FYM-00847-00234809-00234994 financing to all of them
EUntUp77FYM-00848-00234996-00235229 and that's a huge difference the primary
EUntUp77FYM-00849-00235230-00235492 markets are not interconnected almost at
EUntUp77FYM-00850-00235494-00235648 all
EUntUp77FYM-00851-00235650-00235841 perfect thanks so much that also
EUntUp77FYM-00852-00235842-00236081 reflects on yellow's commentary about uh
EUntUp77FYM-00853-00236082-00236369 the actual uh challenges when it comes
EUntUp77FYM-00854-00236369-00236651 to to voting maybe if we already move
EUntUp77FYM-00855-00236652-00236921 into this uh second topic now we'll talk
EUntUp77FYM-00856-00236921-00237148 a bit further about uh the you know the
EUntUp77FYM-00857-00237150-00237371 German and the smaller retail investor
EUntUp77FYM-00858-00237371-00237598 in the EU but if we look at at least
EUntUp77FYM-00859-00237600-00237934 from a from a Latvian uh perspective the
EUntUp77FYM-00860-00237935-00238181 the Baltic Market is very much one
EUntUp77FYM-00861-00238182-00238367 market in the eyes of investors and
EUntUp77FYM-00862-00238367-00238579 stock market infrastructure
EUntUp77FYM-00863-00238580-00238829 approximately we can argue here about
EUntUp77FYM-00864-00238830-00239021 details but let's say round number six
EUntUp77FYM-00865-00239021-00239332 million people uh just one of these
EUntUp77FYM-00866-00239333-00239591 markets on their own is very small
EUntUp77FYM-00867-00239592-00239806 especially if the market hasn't really
EUntUp77FYM-00868-00239807-00239956 developed in terms of the retail
EUntUp77FYM-00869-00239957-00240113 investor activity
EUntUp77FYM-00870-00240114-00240431 has anything notable been done so far in
EUntUp77FYM-00871-00240432-00240689 terms of maybe better synchronizing the
EUntUp77FYM-00872-00240690-00240977 Region's inhabitants with the regions
EUntUp77FYM-00873-00240978-00241348 typically SME Enterprises needs full
EUntUp77FYM-00874-00241350-00241505 Capital please
EUntUp77FYM-00875-00241506-00241846 yeah this was one of our our goals
EUntUp77FYM-00876-00241848-00242117 actually to synchronize the Baltic
EUntUp77FYM-00877-00242117-00242482 Market uh understanding that the CMU
EUntUp77FYM-00878-00242483-00242998 will be like maybe next step and we've
EUntUp77FYM-00879-00243000-00243281 done a lot actually and now all the
EUntUp77FYM-00880-00243282-00243634 perspectives the all information uh
EUntUp77FYM-00881-00243635-00243856 submitted to the local Regulators
EUntUp77FYM-00882-00243857-00244246 actually is fully aligned and now we
EUntUp77FYM-00883-00244248-00244451 also already have a couple of examples
EUntUp77FYM-00884-00244452-00244921 when uh actually the the issuer goes
EUntUp77FYM-00885-00244921-00245137 simultaneously both
EUntUp77FYM-00886-00245138-00245471 Latin and and Estonian or Latin and
EUntUp77FYM-00887-00245471-00245813 Lithuanian NASDAQ for IPO and actually
EUntUp77FYM-00888-00245814-00246096 does it quite successfully
EUntUp77FYM-00889-00246098-00246431 actually our experts have worked in
EUntUp77FYM-00890-00246432-00246508 different
EUntUp77FYM-00891-00246509-00246832 um you know working groups to align both
EUntUp77FYM-00892-00246833-00247132 like as I said the the prospectus
EUntUp77FYM-00893-00247133-00247498 documentation or other information
EUntUp77FYM-00894-00247500-00247906 provided to the to the market but also
EUntUp77FYM-00895-00247907-00248206 we are still looking forward to to
EUntUp77FYM-00896-00248207-00248332 improve
EUntUp77FYM-00897-00248333-00248681 each and every regulatory aspect in in
EUntUp77FYM-00898-00248682-00248992 in in the in Baltic so we we aligned
EUntUp77FYM-00899-00248994-00249263 what kind of laws should we change in
EUntUp77FYM-00900-00249264-00249442 all three countries what kind of
EUntUp77FYM-00901-00249444-00249665 internal regulation should we change and
EUntUp77FYM-00902-00249666-00249965 we are sort of already two-thirds of
EUntUp77FYM-00903-00249966-00250205 that being done and actually maybe some
EUntUp77FYM-00904-00250206-00250577 some uh leftovers are there but we
EUntUp77FYM-00905-00250578-00250787 believe that end of this year we will
EUntUp77FYM-00906-00250788-00251051 finally be be fully aligned within the
EUntUp77FYM-00907-00251052-00251387 Baltic states and this makes actually uh
EUntUp77FYM-00908-00251388-00251825 us also a bit more uh already I think
EUntUp77FYM-00909-00251826-00252142 this is like next step towards the the
EUntUp77FYM-00910-00252144-00252473 indexes to be uh uh interested
EUntUp77FYM-00911-00252473-00252779 interesting for for for bigger uh also
EUntUp77FYM-00912-00252780-00253115 passive investors so hope that this will
EUntUp77FYM-00913-00253116-00253325 evolve definitely because one of the key
EUntUp77FYM-00914-00253326-00253505 things I think here and having
EUntUp77FYM-00915-00253506-00253781 experienced it myself is we're not
EUntUp77FYM-00916-00253782-00254051 talking about huge transactions here
EUntUp77FYM-00917-00254052-00254231 where you know there's 50 million
EUntUp77FYM-00918-00254232-00254446 hundred million hundreds of millions of
EUntUp77FYM-00919-00254448-00254639 Euros being raised but if we're talking
EUntUp77FYM-00920-00254640-00254915 about anywhere from 1 million to 8
EUntUp77FYM-00921-00254916-00255082 million which is a typical Benchmark
EUntUp77FYM-00922-00255083-00255353 within the EU prospectus regulation
EUntUp77FYM-00923-00255354-00255694 going cross-border is well to put it
EUntUp77FYM-00924-00255696-00256031 politely a bit of a headache uh so so
EUntUp77FYM-00925-00256032-00256223 it's great to hear so I understand that
EUntUp77FYM-00926-00256223-00256469 there are things uh afoot to also
EUntUp77FYM-00927-00256469-00256775 address that smaller end of the actual
EUntUp77FYM-00928-00256776-00257008 offering area that's that's wonderful
EUntUp77FYM-00929-00257009-00257260 maybe even yellow on on the back of that
EUntUp77FYM-00930-00257261-00257465 so
EUntUp77FYM-00931-00257466-00257729 can you mention any typical level of
EUntUp77FYM-00932-00257730-00258023 Engagement perhaps uh what is there in
EUntUp77FYM-00933-00258023-00258256 terms of new or follow-on offerings
EUntUp77FYM-00934-00258257-00258491 versus standard secondary trading from
EUntUp77FYM-00935-00258492-00258671 from German retail investors I mean
EUntUp77FYM-00936-00258671-00258851 Peter earlier mentioned that the
EUntUp77FYM-00937-00258852-00259151 challenges of him investing maybe in
EUntUp77FYM-00938-00259152-00259505 other uh let's say markets within the in
EUntUp77FYM-00939-00259506-00259889 the at least within Germany uh I mean is
EUntUp77FYM-00940-00259890-00260056 there a greater proportion of this sort
EUntUp77FYM-00941-00260057-00260369 of long-term buy hold versus let's say
EUntUp77FYM-00942-00260369-00260596 speculative short-term trading and and
EUntUp77FYM-00943-00260598-00260884 how thoroughly is the information in
EUntUp77FYM-00944-00260885-00261144 offering documentation typically
EUntUp77FYM-00945-00261146-00261394 scrutinized I mean are there meaningful
EUntUp77FYM-00946-00261396-00261641 differences between issuers on the same
EUntUp77FYM-00947-00261642-00261869 Market let's say regulated versus growth
EUntUp77FYM-00948-00261869-00262156 or MTF any any particular insights you
EUntUp77FYM-00949-00262157-00262301 might be able to share on a German
EUntUp77FYM-00950-00262302-00262679 perspective there please so sure
EUntUp77FYM-00951-00262680-00262991 um yeah let me start with the point of
EUntUp77FYM-00952-00262992-00263284 Peter he said it's it's difficult to
EUntUp77FYM-00953-00263285-00263527 participate in an IPO in another country
EUntUp77FYM-00954-00263528-00263729 well I can tell you it's already
EUntUp77FYM-00955-00263730-00263956 difficult to participate in an IPO in
EUntUp77FYM-00956-00263957-00264293 Germany as a German so let me take the
EUntUp77FYM-00957-00264294-00264556 example of Porsche last year I mean we
EUntUp77FYM-00958-00264557-00264827 because the capital markets did not run
EUntUp77FYM-00959-00264828-00265151 very well last year we had three IPOs
EUntUp77FYM-00960-00265152-00265427 all over the year which is almost
EUntUp77FYM-00961-00265428-00265745 nothing one of it was portion
EUntUp77FYM-00962-00265746-00266063 and everyone in Germany because of the
EUntUp77FYM-00963-00266064-00266339 brand and that's a very important issue
EUntUp77FYM-00964-00266340-00266608 because of the name Porsche everyone
EUntUp77FYM-00965-00266609-00267005 knows it everybody wanted to sign in for
EUntUp77FYM-00966-00267006-00267287 a policy share but to tell you the truth
EUntUp77FYM-00967-00267288-00267580 and it was oversigned so of course not
EUntUp77FYM-00968-00267581-00267875 everyone could receive it so nothing to
EUntUp77FYM-00969-00267876-00268217 do whether with cross-border issues it
EUntUp77FYM-00970-00268218-00268480 depended actually on the on the bank you
EUntUp77FYM-00971-00268481-00268756 were client if you were born at one of
EUntUp77FYM-00972-00268757-00268901 the issuers bank
EUntUp77FYM-00973-00268902-00269232 then it was easier as it typically is
EUntUp77FYM-00974-00269233-00269560 but this is just uh to mention and I
EUntUp77FYM-00975-00269561-00269819 think that's one of the important points
EUntUp77FYM-00976-00269820-00269908 um
EUntUp77FYM-00977-00269909-00270167 esap is a very important step number one
EUntUp77FYM-00978-00270168-00270389 I believe it's from the Investor's point
EUntUp77FYM-00979-00270390-00270653 of view this European single access
EUntUp77FYM-00980-00270654-00271001 point will help a lot but that's the one
EUntUp77FYM-00981-00271002-00271241 side that's information
EUntUp77FYM-00982-00271242-00271456 the other point and that's why I took
EUntUp77FYM-00983-00271457-00271715 the Poetry example is you have to raise
EUntUp77FYM-00984-00271716-00272141 the awareness of of the investors to go
EUntUp77FYM-00985-00272142-00272537 and buy a Porsche for example and you
EUntUp77FYM-00986-00272538-00272789 you ask me well how is the German retail
EUntUp77FYM-00987-00272790-00272905 investor
EUntUp77FYM-00988-00272906-00273317 when we look at our members yeah the
EUntUp77FYM-00989-00273318-00273503 majority is definitely long-term
EUntUp77FYM-00990-00273504-00273845 oriented we always say they are very
EUntUp77FYM-00991-00273846-00274145 loyal and they stay until the very end
EUntUp77FYM-00992-00274146-00274445 the very end which in the case of
EUntUp77FYM-00993-00274446-00274680 wirecard was really the end
EUntUp77FYM-00994-00274681-00275027 so that's the typical retail investors
EUntUp77FYM-00995-00275028-00275213 of course they are also short-term
EUntUp77FYM-00996-00275214-00275513 oriented other investors but that's not
EUntUp77FYM-00997-00275514-00275975 the majority to be honest and we
EUntUp77FYM-00998-00275976-00276256 recommend to them that they should go
EUntUp77FYM-00999-00276257-00276593 into regulated markets because we think
EUntUp77FYM-01000-00276594-00276905 there is more transparency there's more
EUntUp77FYM-01001-00276906-00277367 about investor protection and also we
EUntUp77FYM-01002-00277368-00277565 have the experience of the Neuer Market
EUntUp77FYM-01003-00277566-00277997 from the 1990s at that time everybody
EUntUp77FYM-01004-00277998-00278399 was Enthusiast about going public
EUntUp77FYM-01005-00278400-00278741 and um they all lost a little bit the
EUntUp77FYM-01006-00278742-00279029 orientation nobody looked at profits
EUntUp77FYM-01007-00279030-00279203 anymore nobody looked at the business
EUntUp77FYM-01008-00279204-00279467 models nobody looked at the key
EUntUp77FYM-01009-00279468-00279780 performance figures so of course
EUntUp77FYM-01010-00279781-00280271 afterwards uh when the bubble uh ended
EUntUp77FYM-01011-00280272-00280505 everybody was disappointed and that's
EUntUp77FYM-01012-00280506-00280732 something where we have to look at and
EUntUp77FYM-01013-00280733-00280967 say yeah lessons we have to learn for
EUntUp77FYM-01014-00280968-00281105 the future
EUntUp77FYM-01015-00281106-00281482 and also maybe one last Point retail
EUntUp77FYM-01016-00281483-00281710 investor is important because they are
EUntUp77FYM-01017-00281711-00282049 the loyal ones and they are stabilizing
EUntUp77FYM-01018-00282050-00282205 the
EUntUp77FYM-01019-00282206-00282580 investor Community but retail investors
EUntUp77FYM-01020-00282581-00282755 cannot do without institutional
EUntUp77FYM-01021-00282756-00283067 investors so we need them both because
EUntUp77FYM-01022-00283068-00283247 the institutional investors they give
EUntUp77FYM-01023-00283248-00283655 the liquidity we need so we always have
EUntUp77FYM-01024-00283656-00283949 to look at the right balance when we
EUntUp77FYM-01025-00283950-00284165 look at the investors
EUntUp77FYM-01026-00284166-00284291 thank you
EUntUp77FYM-01027-00284292-00284675 speaking of investors one thing is to to
EUntUp77FYM-01028-00284676-00284908 raise new money or have a follow-on
EUntUp77FYM-01029-00284909-00285287 offering another thing of course is and
EUntUp77FYM-01030-00285288-00285491 this is where one assumption is that
EUntUp77FYM-01031-00285492-00285677 you've got institutional investors there
EUntUp77FYM-01032-00285678-00285923 for large transactions but that's not
EUntUp77FYM-01033-00285924-00286180 always the case especially for markets
EUntUp77FYM-01034-00286181-00286493 such as here and one of the interesting
EUntUp77FYM-01035-00286494-00286841 uh cases I was also involved with uh in
EUntUp77FYM-01036-00286842-00287225 the previous year is if you don't have
EUntUp77FYM-01037-00287226-00287543 access to a deep pool of institutional
EUntUp77FYM-01038-00287544-00287723 investors from around the world again
EUntUp77FYM-01039-00287724-00287963 because of this indexation aspect or
EUntUp77FYM-01040-00287964-00288184 even maybe local Pension funds they're a
EUntUp77FYM-01041-00288185-00288460 little bit bigger which I respect in
EUntUp77FYM-01042-00288461-00288671 terms of their abilities to invest but
EUntUp77FYM-01043-00288672-00289019 that means uh for a region like the
EUntUp77FYM-01044-00289020-00289271 baltics or Latvia you've got significant
EUntUp77FYM-01045-00289272-00289619 shareholdings being held by strategic
EUntUp77FYM-01046-00289620-00289882 Founders similar investors which also
EUntUp77FYM-01047-00289883-00290201 then implies low free float however
EUntUp77FYM-01048-00290202-00290671 if one or several of these investors
EUntUp77FYM-01049-00290672-00290993 wants to actually exit
EUntUp77FYM-01050-00290994-00291334 not fully but even partially so here
EUntUp77FYM-01051-00291335-00291479 we're talking about let's say they want
EUntUp77FYM-01052-00291480-00291706 to go over a little bit over a million
EUntUp77FYM-01053-00291707-00291941 euros
EUntUp77FYM-01054-00291942-00292289 the risk I believe at the moment is that
EUntUp77FYM-01055-00292290-00292445 you're immediately going to fall into
EUntUp77FYM-01056-00292446-00292787 the domain of okay please prepare a
EUntUp77FYM-01057-00292788-00293008 prospectus uh especially if it's the
EUntUp77FYM-01058-00293009-00293284 regulated market uh and let's take it
EUntUp77FYM-01059-00293285-00293453 from there and we actually had this case
EUntUp77FYM-01060-00293454-00293658 uh in Latvia
EUntUp77FYM-01061-00293659-00293987 uh for for a regulated market company
EUntUp77FYM-01062-00293988-00294232 dolphin group
EUntUp77FYM-01063-00294233-00294527 could this maybe uh and a question maybe
EUntUp77FYM-01064-00294528-00294706 initially for for Santa having been
EUntUp77FYM-01065-00294707-00294893 indirectly involved you know obviously
EUntUp77FYM-01066-00294894-00295087 with this as being the local regulator
EUntUp77FYM-01067-00295088-00295337 could something like this perhaps also
EUntUp77FYM-01068-00295338-00295673 be further standardized uh within the EU
EUntUp77FYM-01069-00295674-00295895 as well because ultimately if we want
EUntUp77FYM-01070-00295896-00296284 more liquidity if we are then relying on
EUntUp77FYM-01071-00296285-00296615 the smaller investor to take part not an
EUntUp77FYM-01072-00296616-00296767 Institutional the documentational
EUntUp77FYM-01073-00296768-00297005 requirements they need to be balanced
EUntUp77FYM-01074-00297006-00297215 investor protection is crucial as well
EUntUp77FYM-01075-00297216-00297569 but if all material information has
EUntUp77FYM-01076-00297570-00297856 already been published might there be a
EUntUp77FYM-01077-00297857-00298169 way of somehow tweaking this into a more
EUntUp77FYM-01078-00298170-00298408 efficient process maybe uh down the road
EUntUp77FYM-01079-00298409-00298601 having having freshly experienced it
EUntUp77FYM-01080-00298602-00298889 what do you think yeah absolutely we are
EUntUp77FYM-01081-00298890-00299255 we are quite quite you know optimistic
EUntUp77FYM-01082-00299256-00299615 on on the way to actually standardize
EUntUp77FYM-01083-00299616-00299927 that the processes and yeah with this
EUntUp77FYM-01084-00299928-00300251 former experience I think that's
EUntUp77FYM-01085-00300252-00300610 we saw the issue and and we are trying
EUntUp77FYM-01086-00300611-00300887 to deal with that and hopefully we will
EUntUp77FYM-01087-00300888-00301121 get there but I think this is also a bit
EUntUp77FYM-01088-00301122-00301397 more Global than local and and speaking
EUntUp77FYM-01089-00301398-00301601 of global versus local Peter have you
EUntUp77FYM-01090-00301602-00301955 had many situations like that uh at all
EUntUp77FYM-01091-00301956-00302225 uh that you've uh come across maybe
EUntUp77FYM-01092-00302226-00302399 across maybe some of these other markets
EUntUp77FYM-01093-00302400-00302765 within the EU along those lines
EUntUp77FYM-01094-00302766-00303077 yeah well all these discussions about uh
EUntUp77FYM-01095-00303078-00303382 the the situation where
EUntUp77FYM-01096-00303383-00303503 um
EUntUp77FYM-01097-00303504-00303893 I would say potential issuer is very
EUntUp77FYM-01098-00303894-00304180 strongly advised and low beat you know
EUntUp77FYM-01099-00304181-00304432 to to list elsewhere you know to
EUntUp77FYM-01100-00304433-00304595 basically forget about the local
EUntUp77FYM-01101-00304596-00304793 computer markets we see it on a daily
EUntUp77FYM-01102-00304794-00305273 basis uh the problem is that and I I
EUntUp77FYM-01103-00305274-00305410 fully understand the investment Banks
EUntUp77FYM-01104-00305411-00305754 they have their budgets but uh
EUntUp77FYM-01105-00305755-00306113 they they don't want to do transactions
EUntUp77FYM-01106-00306114-00306515 which are for example made dually in uh
EUntUp77FYM-01107-00306516-00306754 on the local market where where this
EUntUp77FYM-01108-00306755-00306941 stock belongs and also some other
EUntUp77FYM-01109-00306942-00307139 markets so basically all of the
EUntUp77FYM-01110-00307140-00307349 Securities or all of the IPOs potential
EUntUp77FYM-01111-00307350-00307660 IPOs I see in the region and are bigger
EUntUp77FYM-01112-00307661-00307853 than 200 million euro which is quite a
EUntUp77FYM-01113-00307854-00308003 sizeable which would be really helpful
EUntUp77FYM-01114-00308004-00308341 local ecosystems are immediately
EUntUp77FYM-01115-00308342-00308567 immediately uh
EUntUp77FYM-01116-00308568-00308777 uh attended by the by the global
EUntUp77FYM-01117-00308778-00309017 investment Banks and the advice is
EUntUp77FYM-01118-00309018-00309310 usually list somewhere else don't list
EUntUp77FYM-01119-00309311-00309419 local
EUntUp77FYM-01120-00309420-00309634 and if we are approaching the companies
EUntUp77FYM-01121-00309635-00309821 are saying oh we get advised by this
EUntUp77FYM-01122-00309822-00310030 very renowned Investment Bank you know
EUntUp77FYM-01123-00310031-00310223 that it's better you know they have very
EUntUp77FYM-01124-00310224-00310410 colorful presentation and everything
EUntUp77FYM-01125-00310411-00310708 most of them end up in disaster because
EUntUp77FYM-01126-00310709-00311125 they find out that uh to be uh
EUntUp77FYM-01127-00311126-00311375 523rd biggest company in some of the
EUntUp77FYM-01128-00311376-00311537 bigger markets they don't get into the
EUntUp77FYM-01129-00311538-00311830 any index at all is it's not that great
EUntUp77FYM-01130-00311831-00312010 that it may be going to be better to be
EUntUp77FYM-01131-00312011-00312221 Seven's biggest in Prague or third
EUntUp77FYM-01132-00312222-00312473 biggest but they usually find it only
EUntUp77FYM-01133-00312474-00312658 after the deal and you cannot do
EUntUp77FYM-01134-00312659-00312797 anything about that
EUntUp77FYM-01135-00312798-00313043 and I would say specifically there are
EUntUp77FYM-01136-00313044-00313204 two or three investment houses who are
EUntUp77FYM-01137-00313205-00313427 advising European companies to turn into
EUntUp77FYM-01138-00313428-00313673 the PLC and list in London which I wish
EUntUp77FYM-01139-00313674-00313954 I find completely ridiculous uh here
EUntUp77FYM-01140-00313955-00314219 maybe if if your finance minister or
EUntUp77FYM-01141-00314220-00314477 prime minister is still in the room uh
EUntUp77FYM-01142-00314478-00314687 there is a great example from Romania
EUntUp77FYM-01143-00314688-00314945 which I now see that there is going to
EUntUp77FYM-01144-00314946-00315167 be I hope it's going to be a huge
EUntUp77FYM-01145-00315168-00315425 um IPO for hydroelectrica which is a
EUntUp77FYM-01146-00315426-00315743 sizable deal of multi-billion Euro
EUntUp77FYM-01147-00315744-00315977 transaction and basically the request
EUntUp77FYM-01148-00315978-00316199 from the Romanian government who is the
EUntUp77FYM-01149-00316200-00316504 majority shareholder was no we need it
EUntUp77FYM-01150-00316505-00316654 we understand that you would like to
EUntUp77FYM-01151-00316655-00316847 have it in New York London or elsewhere
EUntUp77FYM-01152-00316848-00317117 no it's going to be in Bucharest because
EUntUp77FYM-01153-00317118-00317380 we we think they're not going to be less
EUntUp77FYM-01154-00317381-00317656 demand I fully fully support that that's
EUntUp77FYM-01155-00317657-00317789 not going to be less demand because
EUntUp77FYM-01156-00317790-00317921 still it's going to be Romanian company
EUntUp77FYM-01157-00317922-00318143 and we also need to support local
EUntUp77FYM-01158-00318144-00318365 Capital markets and local ecosystem so
EUntUp77FYM-01159-00318366-00318629 the result is the listing gonna be only
EUntUp77FYM-01160-00318630-00318839 in Bucharest and I think that's uh
EUntUp77FYM-01161-00318840-00319001 that's a wise decision from the
EUntUp77FYM-01162-00319002-00319199 government perspective
EUntUp77FYM-01163-00319200-00319510 perfect thank you so much now I'm told
EUntUp77FYM-01164-00319511-00319763 there's many questions so maybe a a
EUntUp77FYM-01165-00319764-00320141 final word from Verena maybe and and the
EUntUp77FYM-01166-00320142-00320303 question would be this before we go into
EUntUp77FYM-01167-00320304-00320603 questions from the uh participants how
EUntUp77FYM-01168-00320604-00320908 can we ensure an even attractiveness for
EUntUp77FYM-01169-00320909-00321232 Capital across the EU any
EUntUp77FYM-01170-00321233-00321415 any good suggestions
EUntUp77FYM-01171-00321416-00321665 it's uh if the million dollar question
EUntUp77FYM-01172-00321666-00322079 that uh is uh definitely not easy to
EUntUp77FYM-01173-00322080-00322337 solve but for me I think there are a
EUntUp77FYM-01174-00322338-00322601 number of different ways to try to get a
EUntUp77FYM-01175-00322602-00322823 more even attractiveness
EUntUp77FYM-01176-00322824-00323104 I think one of them is clearly to make
EUntUp77FYM-01177-00323105-00323429 sure that we have a common regulatory
EUntUp77FYM-01178-00323430-00323663 framework to which we work and Santa was
EUntUp77FYM-01179-00323664-00323830 talking about how you're trying to
EUntUp77FYM-01180-00323831-00324053 already at the baltics bring that closer
EUntUp77FYM-01181-00324054-00324215 together clearly at a European level
EUntUp77FYM-01182-00324216-00324463 we're trying to contrive more common
EUntUp77FYM-01183-00324464-00324713 regulatory Frameworks and also looking
EUntUp77FYM-01184-00324714-00324971 at what going can we do to make those
EUntUp77FYM-01185-00324972-00325199 Frameworks more attractive and I think I
EUntUp77FYM-01186-00325200-00325349 was mentioning earlier the listing
EUntUp77FYM-01187-00325350-00325541 review you know making some of these
EUntUp77FYM-01188-00325542-00325841 public offerings uh easier more
EUntUp77FYM-01189-00325842-00326104 efficient I think are all areas which
EUntUp77FYM-01190-00326105-00326297 are important to look at
EUntUp77FYM-01191-00326298-00326656 not easy because you need to always also
EUntUp77FYM-01192-00326657-00326945 cater for the local Regional markets and
EUntUp77FYM-01193-00326946-00327232 their specificities but I think that is
EUntUp77FYM-01194-00327233-00327430 one so that's on the more regulatory
EUntUp77FYM-01195-00327431-00327521 side
EUntUp77FYM-01196-00327522-00327923 the other uh part of that to my mind is
EUntUp77FYM-01197-00327924-00328210 also greater consistency of how
EUntUp77FYM-01198-00328211-00328403 supervision actually happens on the
EUntUp77FYM-01199-00328404-00328517 ground and if you talk about
EUntUp77FYM-01200-00328518-00328732 prospectuses it's about prospectus
EUntUp77FYM-01201-00328733-00328954 approval you know
EUntUp77FYM-01202-00328955-00329153 um do the national competent authorities
EUntUp77FYM-01203-00329154-00329345 actually look at that in a similar way
EUntUp77FYM-01204-00329346-00329554 do they have the same efficiency and
EUntUp77FYM-01205-00329555-00329910 speed in in doing it how much do they
EUntUp77FYM-01206-00329911-00330215 focus on one particular area rather than
EUntUp77FYM-01207-00330216-00330473 another of course again this is
EUntUp77FYM-01208-00330474-00330682 something which is partly cultural based
EUntUp77FYM-01209-00330683-00330887 partly based on the markets but
EUntUp77FYM-01210-00330888-00331079 certainly what we found also when we did
EUntUp77FYM-01211-00331080-00331282 a so-called peer review of prospectus
EUntUp77FYM-01212-00331283-00331577 approval is there's still a huge variety
EUntUp77FYM-01213-00331578-00331865 of different practices and I think that
EUntUp77FYM-01214-00331866-00332123 ultimately makes the business
EUntUp77FYM-01215-00332124-00332375 environment more complex and by actually
EUntUp77FYM-01216-00332376-00332687 driving more convergence also in
EUntUp77FYM-01217-00332688-00332993 supervisory approaches and processes we
EUntUp77FYM-01218-00332994-00333239 can actually simplify processes and
EUntUp77FYM-01219-00333240-00333467 reduce compliance costs for people
EUntUp77FYM-01220-00333468-00333695 wanting to you cross border business and
EUntUp77FYM-01221-00333696-00333832 that is clearly what we should be doing
EUntUp77FYM-01222-00333833-00334037 to try to Foster the the European
EUntUp77FYM-01223-00334038-00334343 markets yes thank you and and one of the
EUntUp77FYM-01224-00334344-00334621 questions he addressed specifically to
EUntUp77FYM-01225-00334622-00334949 uh it says one reason that discourages
EUntUp77FYM-01226-00334950-00335230 smes to list is burdensome requirements
EUntUp77FYM-01227-00335231-00335471 for listed companies so in your view
EUntUp77FYM-01228-00335472-00335734 should requirements be reduced for smes
EUntUp77FYM-01229-00335735-00336053 I mean we've indirectly covered this uh
EUntUp77FYM-01230-00336054-00336310 any initial thoughts there or might it
EUntUp77FYM-01231-00336311-00336484 be then maybe something which is more
EUntUp77FYM-01232-00336485-00336760 regionalized what what maybe comes to
EUntUp77FYM-01233-00336761-00336923 your mind after hearing that sort of a
EUntUp77FYM-01234-00336924-00337193 question no I think that's been exactly
EUntUp77FYM-01235-00337194-00337379 the considerations that have been
EUntUp77FYM-01236-00337380-00337667 driving a lot of the considerations in
EUntUp77FYM-01237-00337668-00337999 the European framework and reforming it
EUntUp77FYM-01238-00338000-00338308 obviously there's a big question what is
EUntUp77FYM-01239-00338309-00338687 one country's SME is actually a blue
EUntUp77FYM-01240-00338688-00338915 chip in another country so first of all
EUntUp77FYM-01241-00338916-00339125 finding common European ways of even
EUntUp77FYM-01242-00339126-00339353 looking at this question is extremely
EUntUp77FYM-01243-00339354-00339760 difficult and at the same time I think
EUntUp77FYM-01244-00339761-00340049 the main purpose obviously is to try to
EUntUp77FYM-01245-00340050-00340391 on the one hand reduce burdens and make
EUntUp77FYM-01246-00340392-00340643 sure that smes are able to fulfill the
EUntUp77FYM-01247-00340644-00340793 requirements in an effective and
EUntUp77FYM-01248-00340794-00340930 efficient way
EUntUp77FYM-01249-00340931-00341206 but as a regulator we always also need
EUntUp77FYM-01250-00341207-00341429 to think about at the same time making
EUntUp77FYM-01251-00341430-00341617 sure that there's sufficient information
EUntUp77FYM-01252-00341618-00341939 in what is being provided so that the
EUntUp77FYM-01253-00341940-00342208 investors has the basic information to
EUntUp77FYM-01254-00342209-00342371 make informed decisions because
EUntUp77FYM-01255-00342372-00342730 ultimately no one is being served if we
EUntUp77FYM-01256-00342731-00342947 then just create a market which is
EUntUp77FYM-01257-00342948-00343204 basically the wild west that will not
EUntUp77FYM-01258-00343205-00343408 build trust and that will not ultimately
EUntUp77FYM-01259-00343409-00343667 attract Capital over time so you need to
EUntUp77FYM-01260-00343668-00343937 get the balance right and for me it also
EUntUp77FYM-01261-00343938-00344182 means a certain minimum level that you
EUntUp77FYM-01262-00344183-00344447 need to be able to rely on to get
EUntUp77FYM-01263-00344448-00344710 wherever you are looking at a company in
EUntUp77FYM-01264-00344711-00344980 Europe absolutely thank you for that and
EUntUp77FYM-01265-00344981-00345227 maybe it's worth doing a very quick uh
EUntUp77FYM-01266-00345228-00345569 yes Peter
EUntUp77FYM-01267-00345570-00345803 sorry maybe if I can add to that it's
EUntUp77FYM-01268-00345804-00346054 very important point you know if uh if
EUntUp77FYM-01269-00346055-00346282 you look at the IPO which is smaller the
EUntUp77FYM-01270-00346283-00346571 IPO is basically the same as the big IPO
EUntUp77FYM-01271-00346572-00346763 and the problem is with the fees
EUntUp77FYM-01272-00346764-00346973 you know if you have a 30 million IPO
EUntUp77FYM-01273-00346974-00347273 and one billion IPO to work around that
EUntUp77FYM-01274-00347274-00347465 usually almost the same both for the
EUntUp77FYM-01275-00347466-00347645 company and both for advisors Investment
EUntUp77FYM-01276-00347646-00347932 Bank and and uh tax advisors and lawyers
EUntUp77FYM-01277-00347933-00348395 you know so so it is then becoming
EUntUp77FYM-01278-00348396-00348563 um an economic problem you know how to
EUntUp77FYM-01279-00348564-00348797 do the smaller IPOs one cannot imagine
EUntUp77FYM-01280-00348798-00348995 that you know you can do the same way
EUntUp77FYM-01281-00348996-00349193 the 1 billion and 30 million you have to
EUntUp77FYM-01282-00349194-00349403 find in a lot of ways and what would be
EUntUp77FYM-01283-00349404-00349732 really helpful uh from uh of course
EUntUp77FYM-01284-00349733-00350171 European Regulators to make the the life
EUntUp77FYM-01285-00350172-00350434 of the local and small both investment
EUntUp77FYM-01286-00350435-00350687 Banks who are bringing these IPOs maybe
EUntUp77FYM-01287-00350688-00350854 also the exchanges but we can handle
EUntUp77FYM-01288-00350855-00351263 that and uh and the company is easier to
EUntUp77FYM-01289-00351264-00351551 make some reliefs from very expensive
EUntUp77FYM-01290-00351552-00351778 things like the extensive prospectus
EUntUp77FYM-01291-00351779-00352043 directive I understand investors have to
EUntUp77FYM-01292-00352044-00352223 be informed I fully agree with Verena
EUntUp77FYM-01293-00352224-00352475 there have to be some some minimal
EUntUp77FYM-01294-00352476-00352697 requirements but but we have to have a
EUntUp77FYM-01295-00352698-00352919 look you know how we can make prospectus
EUntUp77FYM-01296-00352920-00353375 easier how we can make more easier
EUntUp77FYM-01297-00353376-00353554 um research on bundling you know
EUntUp77FYM-01298-00353555-00353758 returning back you know we could we have
EUntUp77FYM-01299-00353759-00353945 to bundle the research with the SME
EUntUp77FYM-01300-00353946-00354317 markets with the with the execution uh I
EUntUp77FYM-01301-00354318-00354545 think that would help availability of
EUntUp77FYM-01302-00354546-00354749 the research on the market we have to
EUntUp77FYM-01303-00354750-00354947 make some reliefs from tough ESG
EUntUp77FYM-01304-00354948-00355132 requirements and I can continue on and
EUntUp77FYM-01305-00355133-00355373 on and we have to make some release also
EUntUp77FYM-01306-00355374-00355703 for those investment Banks who are doing
EUntUp77FYM-01307-00355704-00355882 this small
EUntUp77FYM-01308-00355883-00356045 investment Banks you know local
EUntUp77FYM-01309-00356046-00356249 investment Banks small investment Banks
EUntUp77FYM-01310-00356250-00356434 who are doing these small IPOs and
EUntUp77FYM-01311-00356435-00356603 developing the ecosystems we have to
EUntUp77FYM-01312-00356604-00356777 make their life easier to make the
EUntUp77FYM-01313-00356778-00356951 transactions cheaper
EUntUp77FYM-01314-00356952-00357191 I I think the politically correct term
EUntUp77FYM-01315-00357192-00357395 for small investment Banks is boutiques
EUntUp77FYM-01316-00357396-00357808 uh so maybe we use that term but maybe a
EUntUp77FYM-01317-00357809-00357977 very quick temperature check and by the
EUntUp77FYM-01318-00357978-00358139 way corporate sponsored research again
EUntUp77FYM-01319-00358140-00358337 is something which is being addressed uh
EUntUp77FYM-01320-00358338-00358528 through time that might uh assist here
EUntUp77FYM-01321-00358529-00358678 but maybe a quick temperature check
EUntUp77FYM-01322-00358679-00358960 within the panel uh we mentioned smes
EUntUp77FYM-01323-00358961-00359278 we've mentioned small capital raisings
EUntUp77FYM-01324-00359279-00359603 what for each panel participant here is
EUntUp77FYM-01325-00359604-00360013 an SME and or small cap in terms of
EUntUp77FYM-01326-00360014-00360221 millions of Euros of market
EUntUp77FYM-01327-00360222-00360484 capitalization let's maybe just see what
EUntUp77FYM-01328-00360485-00360778 sort of a range we fall into just to see
EUntUp77FYM-01329-00360779-00360977 whether whether where the scope is who
EUntUp77FYM-01330-00360978-00361199 would like to go first
EUntUp77FYM-01331-00361200-00361456 well if you want to start
EUntUp77FYM-01332-00361457-00361756 um I would actually take the definition
EUntUp77FYM-01333-00361757-00362158 of the EU commission SME so turnover I
EUntUp77FYM-01334-00362159-00362530 think until 10 million euro is small and
EUntUp77FYM-01335-00362531-00362837 if you have a turnover up to 50 million
EUntUp77FYM-01336-00362838-00363149 that would be medium size so that I I
EUntUp77FYM-01337-00363150-00363334 would think that it's the same
EUntUp77FYM-01338-00363335-00363593 definition in Germany here the challenge
EUntUp77FYM-01339-00363594-00363737 we fall into though of course is
EUntUp77FYM-01340-00363738-00364019 valuation uh because it's not always a
EUntUp77FYM-01341-00364020-00364319 metric with the with the sales angle uh
EUntUp77FYM-01342-00364320-00364571 so I mean feasibly let's say the comfort
EUntUp77FYM-01343-00364572-00364858 factor for a German investor to say
EUntUp77FYM-01344-00364859-00365110 small company where do you think that
EUntUp77FYM-01345-00365111-00365278 might sit for let's say a retail
EUntUp77FYM-01346-00365279-00365471 investor what would be the approximate
EUntUp77FYM-01347-00365472-00365693 market cap do you think
EUntUp77FYM-01348-00365694-00366028 I think to be honest it shouldn't be too
EUntUp77FYM-01349-00366029-00366256 small because then you have the risk
EUntUp77FYM-01350-00366257-00366569 with the liquidity you have to take a
EUntUp77FYM-01351-00366570-00366784 close look at the shareholder structure
EUntUp77FYM-01352-00366785-00367049 is there a major shareholder how much
EUntUp77FYM-01353-00367050-00367306 shares do does this person or
EUntUp77FYM-01354-00367307-00367577 institution hold this is something that
EUntUp77FYM-01355-00367578-00367853 is very important for a retail investor
EUntUp77FYM-01356-00367854-00368237 because then you know the the future of
EUntUp77FYM-01357-00368238-00368399 the company depends on the major
EUntUp77FYM-01358-00368400-00368578 shareholder and that's something you
EUntUp77FYM-01359-00368579-00368795 have to keep in mind as a retail
EUntUp77FYM-01360-00368796-00369058 investor thank you
EUntUp77FYM-01361-00369059-00369323 um maybe something yeah yeah definitely
EUntUp77FYM-01362-00369324-00369784 uh we know the classification of uh SME
EUntUp77FYM-01363-00369785-00369982 definition in Europe and definitely
EUntUp77FYM-01364-00369983-00370367 we've been lowering the bar so uh
EUntUp77FYM-01365-00370368-00370678 otherwise actually it's a very very hard
EUntUp77FYM-01366-00370679-00371010 to to assess and and really you know
EUntUp77FYM-01367-00371011-00371356 saying that 10 million turnovers still a
EUntUp77FYM-01368-00371357-00371537 small it's not the case here locally
EUntUp77FYM-01369-00371538-00371758 definitely 10 million goes already to
EUntUp77FYM-01370-00371759-00372034 some medium-sized company so that's how
EUntUp77FYM-01371-00372035-00372871 we look at that
EUntUp77FYM-01372-00372872-00373163 definitions but I think um I just wanted
EUntUp77FYM-01373-00373164-00373337 to come back to one thing Peter said
EUntUp77FYM-01374-00373338-00373565 earlier I think we shouldn't forget that
EUntUp77FYM-01375-00373566-00373787 some of what we're talking about is also
EUntUp77FYM-01376-00373788-00373991 not just Financial regulations also
EUntUp77FYM-01377-00373992-00374278 company law and you talked about taxes
EUntUp77FYM-01378-00374279-00374543 earlier fiscal all of that is obviously
EUntUp77FYM-01379-00374544-00374765 very National and very local and I think
EUntUp77FYM-01380-00374766-00374999 that's also creating barriers to some of
EUntUp77FYM-01381-00375000-00375227 this what we are talking about here that
EUntUp77FYM-01382-00375228-00375419 goes far beyond the financial regulation
EUntUp77FYM-01383-00375420-00375604 I just wanted to add that perfect thank
EUntUp77FYM-01384-00375605-00375845 you Peter anything to add there please
EUntUp77FYM-01385-00375846-00376073 uh perfect and I was just firstly react
EUntUp77FYM-01386-00376074-00376271 to this you know small dialogue with
EUntUp77FYM-01387-00376272-00376510 Verena I fully agree there I fully agree
EUntUp77FYM-01388-00376511-00376684 you know that I'm saying how it is
EUntUp77FYM-01389-00376685-00376817 possible that we are building common
EUntUp77FYM-01390-00376818-00377099 European Union for 60 years already and
EUntUp77FYM-01391-00377100-00377291 we don't have a single account
EUntUp77FYM-01392-00377292-00377434 you know that's that's completely
EUntUp77FYM-01393-00377435-00377687 ridiculous I can understand that you
EUntUp77FYM-01394-00377688-00377897 know to make up his holding texts you
EUntUp77FYM-01395-00377898-00378245 know a regime more uh more single and
EUntUp77FYM-01396-00378246-00378437 more more fluent it's maybe difficult
EUntUp77FYM-01397-00378438-00378575 because the taxes are on a national
EUntUp77FYM-01398-00378576-00378893 level uh Securities Law bankruptcy law
EUntUp77FYM-01399-00378894-00379217 all that you know we need to work on in
EUntUp77FYM-01400-00379218-00379504 order to organize basically a single a
EUntUp77FYM-01401-00379505-00379739 single Market in Europe I fully agree
EUntUp77FYM-01402-00379740-00379913 it's not only about the regulation on
EUntUp77FYM-01403-00379914-00380080 the capital markets but it's on the
EUntUp77FYM-01404-00380081-00380284 corporate law level many of them in
EUntUp77FYM-01405-00380285-00380441 accounting for example
EUntUp77FYM-01406-00380442-00380621 um back to your question what is assami
EUntUp77FYM-01407-00380622-00380884 uh obviously as I'm representing that
EUntUp77FYM-01408-00380885-00381041 I'm sitting on the boards of various
EUntUp77FYM-01409-00381042-00381191 exchanges I was sitting on the board in
EUntUp77FYM-01410-00381192-00381358 Ljubljana I'm sitting on the board in
EUntUp77FYM-01411-00381359-00381593 Prague Vienna I'm now representing Festa
EUntUp77FYM-01412-00381594-00381725 so I understand that everybody have a
EUntUp77FYM-01413-00381726-00381875 different view but I would say the most
EUntUp77FYM-01414-00381876-00382108 important thing is that we should stop
EUntUp77FYM-01415-00382109-00382373 to look at the definition of SME as
EUntUp77FYM-01416-00382374-00382745 European Union has it now volume of the
EUntUp77FYM-01417-00382746-00382991 revenues or number of employees I don't
EUntUp77FYM-01418-00382992-00383189 know what is there Capital Market there
EUntUp77FYM-01419-00383190-00383351 is one thing which is important is a
EUntUp77FYM-01420-00383352-00383513 market cap is the value of the company
EUntUp77FYM-01421-00383514-00383758 if ours you said it and that's a
EUntUp77FYM-01422-00383759-00383963 difference between the
EUntUp77FYM-01423-00383964-00384275 small medium and large and how we look
EUntUp77FYM-01424-00384276-00384401 at it for example in the Czech Republic
EUntUp77FYM-01425-00384402-00384539 which is slightly different than in
EUntUp77FYM-01426-00384540-00384797 Austria anything which have to be done
EUntUp77FYM-01427-00384798-00385258 locally or maybe regionally around with
EUntUp77FYM-01428-00385259-00385480 Austria for example and polish funds and
EUntUp77FYM-01429-00385481-00385858 whatever is is are deals which
EUntUp77FYM-01430-00385859-00386143 are offering sites usually there are 100
EUntUp77FYM-01431-00386144-00386425 150 million euro
EUntUp77FYM-01432-00386426-00386753 maybe hundred you know those are two
EUntUp77FYM-01433-00386754-00387077 small deals usually to involve anybody
EUntUp77FYM-01434-00387078-00387437 any asset manager which is coming from
EUntUp77FYM-01435-00387438-00387682 abroad from let's say Western Europe or
EUntUp77FYM-01436-00387683-00387989 U.S UK uh anything which is larger than
EUntUp77FYM-01437-00387990-00388145 that
EUntUp77FYM-01438-00388146-00388439 um can be considered as a standard deal
EUntUp77FYM-01439-00388440-00388775 where where also the international usual
EUntUp77FYM-01440-00388776-00388960 International Investment banks are
EUntUp77FYM-01441-00388961-00389291 starting to get involved in and the
EUntUp77FYM-01442-00389292-00389489 placement is going also to the to the
EUntUp77FYM-01443-00389490-00389615 international market which is very
EUntUp77FYM-01444-00389616-00389975 different than a view of the SME uh in
EUntUp77FYM-01445-00389976-00390245 for example in Germany or in UK you know
EUntUp77FYM-01446-00390246-00390539 they consider SME anything in a couple
EUntUp77FYM-01447-00390540-00390856 of billions Euro actually value so you
EUntUp77FYM-01448-00390857-00391049 know it's a little bit moved but I would
EUntUp77FYM-01449-00391050-00391187 say the most important thing we should
EUntUp77FYM-01450-00391188-00391384 look at the market cap not in this
EUntUp77FYM-01451-00391385-00391703 revenue or whatever other that they are
EUntUp77FYM-01452-00391704-00391889 good for subsidies and everything but
EUntUp77FYM-01453-00391890-00392128 for Capital Market it is the market cap
EUntUp77FYM-01454-00392129-00392345 which is differentiating companies thank
EUntUp77FYM-01455-00392346-00392489 you so much
EUntUp77FYM-01456-00392490-00392819 let me very briefly chip in right we're
EUntUp77FYM-01457-00392820-00392963 we're approaching the end of the panel
EUntUp77FYM-01458-00392964-00393106 we have less than 10 minutes left and
EUntUp77FYM-01459-00393107-00393275 there are tons of questions we've been
EUntUp77FYM-01460-00393276-00393454 kind of uh
EUntUp77FYM-01461-00393455-00393808 um showing them here uh on the on the
EUntUp77FYM-01462-00393809-00393989 big screen as well
EUntUp77FYM-01463-00393990-00394204 um and by the way thank you very much
EUntUp77FYM-01464-00394205-00394577 I'm I'm feel overwhelmed uh by by your
EUntUp77FYM-01465-00394578-00394841 response and and your engagement
EUntUp77FYM-01466-00394842-00395225 um uh before I give the opportunity can
EUntUp77FYM-01467-00395226-00395404 you see those questions on this computer
EUntUp77FYM-01468-00395405-00395621 so cool you have to wake it up whoever
EUntUp77FYM-01469-00395622-00395891 wants to take them but uh uh you were
EUntUp77FYM-01470-00395892-00396160 doing some temperature checks uh among
EUntUp77FYM-01471-00396161-00396437 your panelists I want to do a quick uh
EUntUp77FYM-01472-00396438-00396653 temperature check within the audience so
EUntUp77FYM-01473-00396654-00396880 if you could grab your smartphones and
EUntUp77FYM-01474-00396881-00397223 and once again log on to the slido page
EUntUp77FYM-01475-00397224-00397439 we've got a question for you related to
EUntUp77FYM-01476-00397440-00397625 panel this is something that
EUntUp77FYM-01477-00397626-00397853 um evart's already tested a little bit
EUntUp77FYM-01478-00397854-00398147 uh introduced in his questions and and
EUntUp77FYM-01479-00398148-00398423 and discussion here uh but we wanted to
EUntUp77FYM-01480-00398424-00398734 uh know what you think being an expert
EUntUp77FYM-01481-00398735-00399052 audience and so our question is should
EUntUp77FYM-01482-00399053-00399395 the CMU process include creating a more
EUntUp77FYM-01483-00399396-00399706 investable EU by ensuring its members
EUntUp77FYM-01484-00399707-00399977 are jointly represented as a single
EUntUp77FYM-01485-00399978-00400282 region via existing or new Financial
EUntUp77FYM-01486-00400283-00400528 market indices
EUntUp77FYM-01487-00400529-00400721 this was a question on the panel perhaps
EUntUp77FYM-01488-00400722-00401063 gave some food for for thought to you as
EUntUp77FYM-01489-00401064-00401410 well let's very briefly check uh what
EUntUp77FYM-01490-00401411-00401734 you think about this idea whether it
EUntUp77FYM-01491-00401735-00401975 would make sense or not
EUntUp77FYM-01492-00401976-00402251 I think we can leave this on the screen
EUntUp77FYM-01493-00402252-00402502 just a little bit so that we see the
EUntUp77FYM-01494-00402503-00402725 trends in this voting as you do it but
EUntUp77FYM-01495-00402726-00403030 because of time constraints I think I'll
EUntUp77FYM-01496-00403031-00403271 I'll uh I'll give the Vlog back to you
EUntUp77FYM-01497-00403272-00403595 there's there's a a wide range of
EUntUp77FYM-01498-00403596-00403877 questions there maybe they can be
EUntUp77FYM-01499-00403878-00404045 addressed to some of the members of the
EUntUp77FYM-01500-00404046-00404339 panel as as you approach of the the end
EUntUp77FYM-01501-00404340-00404543 of the panel there thank you very much
EUntUp77FYM-01502-00404544-00404884 okay well I think long story is short we
EUntUp77FYM-01503-00404885-00405113 have a pretty convincing response there
EUntUp77FYM-01504-00405114-00405334 uh one thing which I'm I'm missing at
EUntUp77FYM-01505-00405335-00405527 the moment it is is I I don't have your
EUntUp77FYM-01506-00405528-00405904 fingerprint uh so all right you don't no
EUntUp77FYM-01507-00405905-00406241 is that it that's surprising all right
EUntUp77FYM-01508-00406242-00406499 so thank you so much
EUntUp77FYM-01509-00406500-00406732 okay how much time do we have by the way
EUntUp77FYM-01510-00406733-00406949 um uh we've got something like five
EUntUp77FYM-01511-00406950-00407321 minutes I think okay okay can we and I
EUntUp77FYM-01512-00407322-00407501 think you could use the question list
EUntUp77FYM-01513-00407502-00407771 there you have the uh the vote there is
EUntUp77FYM-01514-00407772-00408034 it okay I'll go to the Q a yep
EUntUp77FYM-01515-00408035-00408317 so scrolling through here we did address
EUntUp77FYM-01516-00408318-00408730 uh one of these questions uh relating to
EUntUp77FYM-01517-00408731-00409180 uh the uh let's say well smes and and
EUntUp77FYM-01518-00409181-00409517 requirements uh one other question which
EUntUp77FYM-01519-00409518-00409882 uh comes up here is that
EUntUp77FYM-01520-00409883-00410141 would compulsory Investments of Pension
EUntUp77FYM-01521-00410142-00410518 funds in certain activities attract more
EUntUp77FYM-01522-00410519-00410849 investors to the market uh uh is that
EUntUp77FYM-01523-00410850-00411034 something I mean we've heard of the
EUntUp77FYM-01524-00411035-00411347 Polish case but in short are there any
EUntUp77FYM-01525-00411347-00411622 any strong feelings or emotions from the
EUntUp77FYM-01526-00411623-00411857 other panel members here please uh on on
EUntUp77FYM-01527-00411858-00412078 that particular topic we would like to
EUntUp77FYM-01528-00412079-00412222 go first
EUntUp77FYM-01529-00412223-00412463 I think it is very important that you
EUntUp77FYM-01530-00412464-00412870 allow Pension funds to go into a stock
EUntUp77FYM-01531-00412871-00413105 markets I know in the past that was
EUntUp77FYM-01532-00413106-00413380 always a problem for Germany and also
EUntUp77FYM-01533-00413381-00413566 for the life insurance companies because
EUntUp77FYM-01534-00413567-00413866 they were not allowed to invest above a
EUntUp77FYM-01535-00413867-00414209 certain percentage now this was changed
EUntUp77FYM-01536-00414210-00414460 by law and I think it's a necessity
EUntUp77FYM-01537-00414462-00414778 because you need these big players to
EUntUp77FYM-01538-00414779-00414976 invest the money because that's again
EUntUp77FYM-01539-00414977-00415255 something about liquidity
EUntUp77FYM-01540-00415256-00415553 yeah actually we also locally has
EUntUp77FYM-01541-00415554-00415834 changed the regulation uh to allow the
EUntUp77FYM-01542-00415835-00416003 Pension funds to increase the
EUntUp77FYM-01543-00416004-00416339 participation also locally however uh
EUntUp77FYM-01544-00416339-00416530 the infrastructure should be there
EUntUp77FYM-01545-00416531-00416795 actually the liquidity and other you
EUntUp77FYM-01546-00416796-00417047 know market indicators should be there
EUntUp77FYM-01547-00417047-00417370 to to actually encourage those Pension
EUntUp77FYM-01548-00417371-00417605 funds to invest there and on the other
EUntUp77FYM-01549-00417606-00417899 hand when investing you you can't just
EUntUp77FYM-01550-00417900-00418216 force invest locally because this is
EUntUp77FYM-01551-00418217-00418553 about also you know protection of of the
EUntUp77FYM-01552-00418554-00418834 the potential of Engineers afterwards if
EUntUp77FYM-01553-00418835-00419032 the actually returns will not be
EUntUp77FYM-01554-00419033-00419363 sufficient so we should work on the
EUntUp77FYM-01555-00419364-00419555 infrastructure first
EUntUp77FYM-01556-00419556-00419831 a very important point to my mind as
EUntUp77FYM-01557-00419832-00420137 well to get Pension funds uh ability to
EUntUp77FYM-01558-00420138-00420233 invest
EUntUp77FYM-01559-00420234-00420497 forcing I think is something you need to
EUntUp77FYM-01560-00420497-00420689 be a bit more careful about but I think
EUntUp77FYM-01561-00420689-00420893 having Pension funds active in the
EUntUp77FYM-01562-00420893-00421151 markets is key but I would say it goes
EUntUp77FYM-01563-00421152-00421403 beyond that because it's also for the
EUntUp77FYM-01564-00421404-00421775 actual pensioners if they know that they
EUntUp77FYM-01565-00421776-00422153 are pensioned is more driven by Capital
EUntUp77FYM-01566-00422154-00422464 Market outturns it changes completely
EUntUp77FYM-01567-00422465-00422675 the culture of Engagement with the
EUntUp77FYM-01568-00422676-00422843 capital markets and I think we've seen
EUntUp77FYM-01569-00422843-00422975 that for example in the very good
EUntUp77FYM-01570-00422976-00423185 example of Sweden which I think the
EUntUp77FYM-01571-00423185-00423466 Finance Minister quoted earlier it is
EUntUp77FYM-01572-00423467-00423647 far more of a tradition that you
EUntUp77FYM-01573-00423647-00423910 actually because you know you have
EUntUp77FYM-01574-00423912-00424175 choices in your pension system that
EUntUp77FYM-01575-00424176-00424360 brings you closer to making choices in
EUntUp77FYM-01576-00424362-00424559 the Capital Market you have a completely
EUntUp77FYM-01577-00424560-00424727 different cultural approach to Capital
EUntUp77FYM-01578-00424728-00424918 markets and I think their pensions are
EUntUp77FYM-01579-00424919-00425110 extremely important as well Perfect
EUntUp77FYM-01580-00425112-00425291 Peter
EUntUp77FYM-01581-00425292-00425633 a fully agree with the ladies forcing
EUntUp77FYM-01582-00425634-00425920 somebody making the compulsory no uh I
EUntUp77FYM-01583-00425921-00426053 would say that would be a wrong approach
EUntUp77FYM-01584-00426054-00426268 although I have to admit it helped
EUntUp77FYM-01585-00426269-00426485 polish Capital markets greatly in their
EUntUp77FYM-01586-00426485-00426616 Beginnings you know they were like on
EUntUp77FYM-01587-00426617-00426893 the steroids growing uh what Verona just
EUntUp77FYM-01588-00426893-00427120 now said you know there should be some
EUntUp77FYM-01589-00427121-00427318 motivation obviously the motivation is
EUntUp77FYM-01590-00427319-00427463 actually a great thing to invest and
EUntUp77FYM-01591-00427464-00427691 Swedish example is perfect you know to
EUntUp77FYM-01592-00427692-00428009 have some uh text advantages if you are
EUntUp77FYM-01593-00428010-00428297 investing uh your pension money on the
EUntUp77FYM-01594-00428297-00428566 capital markets and helping the CMEs
EUntUp77FYM-01595-00428567-00428885 from your own country is is perfect
EUntUp77FYM-01596-00428885-00429185 thing but you know forcing a percentage
EUntUp77FYM-01597-00429185-00429401 of the Pension funds probably not they
EUntUp77FYM-01598-00429402-00429533 should be allowed to invest whatever
EUntUp77FYM-01599-00429534-00429845 they want but uh
EUntUp77FYM-01600-00429846-00430060 perfect thank you maybe one last
EUntUp77FYM-01601-00430062-00430318 question here for Verena
EUntUp77FYM-01602-00430319-00430505 um and this is
EUntUp77FYM-01603-00430506-00430751 there evidence that the esaf
EUntUp77FYM-01604-00430752-00430997 introduction has increased liquidity
EUntUp77FYM-01605-00430997-00431322 the what introduction
EUntUp77FYM-01606-00431323-00431747 doesn't exist yet exactly so I'm afraid
EUntUp77FYM-01607-00431747-00431933 we will have to wait for a few years
EUntUp77FYM-01608-00431934-00432101 before we know whether the introduction
EUntUp77FYM-01609-00432102-00432383 will have made a difference but I'm
EUntUp77FYM-01610-00432384-00432545 hopeful that it will
EUntUp77FYM-01611-00432546-00432845 perfect that's something I think uh will
EUntUp77FYM-01612-00432846-00433145 be certainly coming through uh you know
EUntUp77FYM-01613-00433146-00433487 going forwards but we just need time and
EUntUp77FYM-01614-00433488-00433660 everything that I think we've spoken
EUntUp77FYM-01615-00433662-00433991 about today uh shows there's no one
EUntUp77FYM-01616-00433992-00434393 single approach which uh would suddenly
EUntUp77FYM-01617-00434393-00434579 give a solution that everything's going
EUntUp77FYM-01618-00434580-00434741 to be totally fine there's things that
EUntUp77FYM-01619-00434742-00434914 we need to do on a national level
EUntUp77FYM-01620-00434915-00435160 Regional level
EUntUp77FYM-01621-00435162-00435460 International EU level but certainly
EUntUp77FYM-01622-00435462-00435791 many things also combining us uh you
EUntUp77FYM-01623-00435792-00436013 know I believe a united front speaking
EUntUp77FYM-01624-00436014-00436241 from an EU whether we're talking indices
EUntUp77FYM-01625-00436242-00436451 and things like that that plenty of work
EUntUp77FYM-01626-00436452-00436709 to be done in many many different
EUntUp77FYM-01627-00436710-00437027 locations so I think cooperation amongst
EUntUp77FYM-01628-00437028-00437416 all of us is essential uh and uh thank
EUntUp77FYM-01629-00437417-00437633 you very much everyone distinguished
EUntUp77FYM-01630-00437634-00437872 panel for taking part sharing your views
EUntUp77FYM-01631-00437873-00438125 today we just finished perfect timing
EUntUp77FYM-01632-00438126-00438364 and we'll pass it across back to you
EUntUp77FYM-01633-00438365-00438587 thank you very much a big round of
EUntUp77FYM-01634-00438588-00438857 applause to our panelists and to to the
EUntUp77FYM-01635-00438858-00439114 moderator as well uh if you if you could
EUntUp77FYM-01636-00439115-00439409 stay for a second uh still please so
EUntUp77FYM-01637-00439410-00439570 um just a couple of things I need to
EUntUp77FYM-01638-00439571-00439816 resolve uh first thing thank you very
EUntUp77FYM-01639-00439817-00440116 much for your activity uh on slider I
EUntUp77FYM-01640-00440117-00440399 mean 20 91
EUntUp77FYM-01641-00440400-00440675 um respondents for this poll thank you
EUntUp77FYM-01642-00440676-00440920 very much it's not the most perfect
EUntUp77FYM-01643-00440921-00441214 sociology but it does give a sense of
EUntUp77FYM-01644-00441215-00441527 what what the expert crowd here thinks
EUntUp77FYM-01645-00441528-00441659 about the issue thank you for this and
EUntUp77FYM-01646-00441660-00441803 for the questions some of those
EUntUp77FYM-01647-00441804-00442018 questions might be discussed and
EUntUp77FYM-01648-00442019-00442210 addressed during the coffee break as
EUntUp77FYM-01649-00442212-00442493 well uh or for your kind of in-person
EUntUp77FYM-01650-00442493-00442781 interaction over there another question
EUntUp77FYM-01651-00442782-00442931 that needs to be resolved what happens
EUntUp77FYM-01652-00442932-00443164 to the Orchid
EUntUp77FYM-01653-00443165-00443410 we'll address that maybe we have right I
EUntUp77FYM-01654-00443412-00443681 I suggest it stays here as kind of a
EUntUp77FYM-01655-00443682-00443897 good luck charm or for the Forum today
EUntUp77FYM-01656-00443897-00444179 we can do that well that work okay think
EUntUp77FYM-01657-00444180-00444413 about much uh another thing we break for
EUntUp77FYM-01658-00444414-00444737 coffee now and um and every one of you
EUntUp77FYM-01659-00444738-00444983 are so tired after a couple of years of
EUntUp77FYM-01660-00444984-00445264 Zoom conferences so you want to chat you
EUntUp77FYM-01661-00445265-00445522 want to network and that is perfect that
EUntUp77FYM-01662-00445523-00445787 is part of The Wonder of this conference
EUntUp77FYM-01663-00445788-00446164 but when in 25 minutes I try to invite
EUntUp77FYM-01664-00446165-00446435 you back please do respond all right so
EUntUp77FYM-01665-00446435-00446657 that we can restart in time thank you
EUntUp77FYM-01666-00446658-00446855 very much I'll see you in a bit thank
EUntUp77FYM-01667-00446856-00447139 you thank you
EUQBVVZu4G4-00000-00000569-00000862 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00001-00000863-00001095 it's a horrible situation but
EUQBVVZu4G4-00002-00001096-00001838 you know time hopefully will heal
EUQBVVZu4G4-00004-00007815-00008233 so
EUQBVVZu4G4-00005-00008234-00010359 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00006-00010360-00010638 so
EUQBVVZu4G4-00007-00010639-00011417 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00008-00011418-00013124 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00009-00013125-00013519 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00010-00013519-00013719 what you saw in the film
EUQBVVZu4G4-00011-00013719-00013951 is the relationship i have with my son
EUQBVVZu4G4-00012-00013952-00014191 no question about it's but i learned
EUQBVVZu4G4-00013-00014191-00014383 from my mistakes maybe i wasn't around
EUQBVVZu4G4-00014-00014384-00014721 enough
EUQBVVZu4G4-00015-00014722-00014991 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00016-00014991-00015352 i'm out of bullets that's your problem
EUQBVVZu4G4-00017-00015353-00016279 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00018-00016280-00016511 i think it's important to get back
EUQBVVZu4G4-00019-00016512-00016711 and try to
EUQBVVZu4G4-00020-00016712-00016886 start reliving your life otherwise you
EUQBVVZu4G4-00021-00016887-00017180 can you can go into a spiral
EUQBVVZu4G4-00022-00017181-00019286 [Music]
EUQBVVZu4G4-00023-00019287-00019486 i didn't want to do it but i thought you
EUQBVVZu4G4-00024-00019487-00019599 know this
EUQBVVZu4G4-00025-00019600-00019767 he should be there he you know he should
EUQBVVZu4G4-00026-00019768-00019919 be part of it
EUQBVVZu4G4-00027-00019920-00020143 you know he was he was born
EUQBVVZu4G4-00028-00020144-00020383 when i did rocking one so like why not
EUQBVVZu4G4-00029-00020384-00022278 be in the last one
EUQBVVZu4G4-00030-00022279-00022487 you
EVeyoPiVJ4o-00000-00003076-00003376 okay
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00000-00001551-00001663 no camera because we would put the
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00001-00001664-00001934 camera down in that pond yeah
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00002-00001935-00002110 should i run up the tower and get like a
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00003-00002111-00002326 little some shots from the tower
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00004-00002327-00002495 sure we also have uh tony's gonna put
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00005-00002496-00002702 this ball up and gotta launch a long
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00006-00002703-00003919 shot with that
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00007-00003920-00004111 i figure like if we get a shot from like
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00008-00004112-00004270 right here on the pole it'll be pretty
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00009-00004271-00005254 cool
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00010-00005255-00005438 someone can time it i think i said we
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00011-00005439-00005663 were gonna get eight seconds in the air
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00012-00005664-00006383 let's see if i'm right
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00013-00006384-00007734 i think that last play was left
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00014-00007736-00008207 as always more time on tangling strings
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00015-00008208-00008383 i think is a normal flight experience
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00016-00008384-00009687 for tethered crap
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00018-00012720-00012879 in fact there's one map
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00019-00012880-00013119 there is in fact one map on map knitter
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00020-00013119-00013430 i made this way wow and under ideal
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00021-00013431-00013966 conditions use this for ariel
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00022-00013968-00014119 as important as opposed to stem
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00023-00014119-00014319 education
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00024-00014319-00014415 tony
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00025-00014416-00014558 if you stand like right there you can
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00026-00014559-00014743 get the flight going up and past the
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00027-00014744-00014983 ball
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00028-00014984-00015111 look at the beautiful like wetlands
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00029-00015112-00015294 behind it
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00030-00015295-00015647 how are you doing holding that
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00031-00015647-00016055 you'll see my shadow but here we go
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00032-00016056-00016247 hold them in place okay
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00033-00016247-00016655 all right rolling
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00034-00016656-00016975 okay on the count of three greg watch
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00035-00016976-00017135 that line that might clip to the white
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00036-00017136-00017367 line it might grab that uh
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00037-00017368-00017591 um
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00038-00017592-00017791 yeah i'll hold it up cool
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00039-00017792-00017935 all right
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00040-00017936-00019775 one two three release
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00041-00019776-00021199 descending pretty briskly now
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00042-00021200-00021375 you can see even with the valve opening
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00043-00021376-00021550 it'll take off so this is what i was
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00044-00021551-00021703 talking about about being able to maybe
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00045-00021704-00021886 do a controlled flight with
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00046-00021887-00022950 the envelope open
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00047-00022951-00023535 i think we start running now
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00048-00023536-00023767 i think it's a way
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00049-00023768-00023935 i think there's no recovery option at
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00050-00023936-00024047 this point
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00051-00024048-00024494 so that was about
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00052-00024495-00024686 a minute in
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00053-00024687-00025214 from release
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00054-00025215-00026631 the bag is away
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00056-00030512-00030831 two minutes in
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00057-00030832-00031335 that's not gonna
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00058-00031336-00032679 well i don't know
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00059-00032680-00034918 i don't know where you are
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00060-00034919-00035087 i think i heard matt and say it's not
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00061-00035088-00035479 gonna
EWk9cyQ5wiu-00062-00035480-00035775 stops
EaSkLw4wes8-00000-00000056-00000352 standby
EaSkLw4wes8-00001-00000353-00000772 lights camera action is an American
EaSkLw4wes8-00002-00000773-00001104 educational television series hosted by
EaSkLw4wes8-00003-00001105-00001456 Leonard Nimoy the program aired on
EaSkLw4wes8-00004-00001457-00001819 Nickelodeon from October 1982 to
EaSkLw4wes8-00005-00001820-00002385 December 31st 1987 episodes of the show
EaSkLw4wes8-00006-00002386-00002643 include interviews with film crew
EaSkLw4wes8-00007-00002644-00002892 members and examine the stages of
EaSkLw4wes8-00008-00002893-00003172 production for various motion pictures
EaSkLw4wes8-00009-00003173-00003927 in a behind-the-scenes format
EaSkLw4wes8-00010-00003928-00004456 topic format
EaSkLw4wes8-00011-00004457-00004769 episodes of the series open with host
EaSkLw4wes8-00012-00004770-00005074 leonard nimoy at the nickelodeon studio
EaSkLw4wes8-00013-00005075-00005366 introducing himself and announcing the
EaSkLw4wes8-00014-00005367-00005705 episodes focus such as performing stunts
EaSkLw4wes8-00015-00005706-00006173 special effects or animation Nimoy then
EaSkLw4wes8-00016-00006174-00006437 leaves the studio to visit a filming
EaSkLw4wes8-00017-00006438-00006692 location where he describes how
EaSkLw4wes8-00018-00006693-00006983 different films incorporate the episodes
EaSkLw4wes8-00019-00006984-00007370 topic he typically examines three
EaSkLw4wes8-00020-00007370-00007595 upcoming movies in each one hour
EaSkLw4wes8-00021-00007595-00007826 segments before returning to the
EaSkLw4wes8-00022-00007827-00008637 Nickelodeon studio and signing off
EaSkLw4wes8-00023-00008638-00009203 topic history
EaSkLw4wes8-00024-00009204-00009477 Nickelodeon executive size schneider
EaSkLw4wes8-00025-00009478-00009879 greenlit the series in 1981 in an aim to
EaSkLw4wes8-00026-00009880-00010196 add variety to Nickelodeon schedule
EaSkLw4wes8-00027-00010197-00010496 which at the time only consisted of five
EaSkLw4wes8-00028-00010497-00010910 looped programs Nickelodeon initially
EaSkLw4wes8-00029-00010911-00011250 ordered a 12 episode first season later
EaSkLw4wes8-00030-00011251-00011778 increased to 20 in a 1984 interview with
EaSkLw4wes8-00031-00011779-00012099 the new york times warner MX president
EaSkLw4wes8-00032-00012100-00012410 John a Snider stated that having Nimoy
EaSkLw4wes8-00033-00012411-00012708 host the series was part of a strategy
EaSkLw4wes8-00034-00012709-00013149 to seduce kids into watching using
EaSkLw4wes8-00035-00013150-00013482 popular actors when asked why he chose
EaSkLw4wes8-00036-00013483-00013776 to host the program despite having more
EaSkLw4wes8-00037-00013777-00014103 profitable opportunities Nimoy said that
EaSkLw4wes8-00038-00014104-00014421 he supported the network TV guides panel
EaSkLw4wes8-00039-00014422-00014738 of educators and executives recommended
EaSkLw4wes8-00040-00014740-00015051 the series citing it as an excellent
EaSkLw4wes8-00041-00015052-00015696 offering on cable in February 1986
EaSkLw4wes8-00042-00015697-00016125 equals equals episodes
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00000-00000242-00001158 [Music]
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00001-00001159-00001541 thank you
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00002-00001542-00003108 [Music]
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00003-00003109-00003304 thank you
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00004-00003305-00003461 foreign
Eg3pKBQp6IA-00005-00003461-00006095 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00000-00000104-00001491 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00001-00001492-00002042 oh
EkLENbV_A1c-00002-00002043-00004283 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00003-00004284-00005683 more
EkLENbV_A1c-00005-00009455-00009883 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00006-00009884-00012473 oh
EkLENbV_A1c-00007-00012474-00013771 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00008-00013772-00015075 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00009-00015076-00015483 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00010-00015484-00016883 hey
EkLENbV_A1c-00011-00016884-00017563 hey
EkLENbV_A1c-00012-00017564-00018283 [Music]
EkLENbV_A1c-00013-00018284-00018887 oh
EkLENbV_A1c-00014-00018888-00019202 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00000-00000035-00002063 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00001-00002064-00002362 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00002-00002363-00004320 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00003-00004321-00006223 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00004-00006224-00007678 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00005-00007679-00008065 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00006-00008066-00009966 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00007-00009967-00011503 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00008-00011504-00011887 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00009-00011888-00012261 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00010-00012262-00013271 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00011-00013272-00013825 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00012-00013826-00015726 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00013-00015727-00017486 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00014-00017487-00017627 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00015-00017628-00018903 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00016-00018904-00019471 do
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00017-00019472-00021372 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00018-00021373-00024286 [Music]
ElvGgIQM9Ou-00019-00024287-00024495 you
Emqq4LC2RYc-00000-00000003-00000167 hey guys what's up my name is Sonali
Emqq4LC2RYc-00001-00000168-00000451 today I'm going to be doing a massive
Emqq4LC2RYc-00002-00000452-00000686 collective haul since back-to-school
Emqq4LC2RYc-00003-00000687-00000890 season I've been kind of like shopping
Emqq4LC2RYc-00004-00000891-00001124 here and there for clothes beauty
Emqq4LC2RYc-00005-00001125-00001298 products I mean Sephora just had their
Emqq4LC2RYc-00006-00001299-00001549 vib sale so I got a plethora of things
Emqq4LC2RYc-00007-00001550-00001832 from a few different stores so today I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00008-00001832-00002042 gonna show you guys what all I got so to
Emqq4LC2RYc-00009-00002043-00002249 start off this video I want to do a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00010-00002250-00002513 little unboxing of a bag that I received
Emqq4LC2RYc-00011-00002514-00002738 in the mail it is from Teddy Blake that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00012-00002739-00002939 I have been patiently waiting to open
Emqq4LC2RYc-00013-00002940-00004338 this back on camera so let's dig in oh I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00014-00004339-00004784 just can feel like how nice like I mean
Emqq4LC2RYc-00015-00004785-00004963 like look at it it looks beautiful as
Emqq4LC2RYc-00016-00004964-00005120 you guys know if you watch my blogs I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00017-00005121-00005311 went to Italy this summer to study
Emqq4LC2RYc-00018-00005312-00005497 abroad for two weeks and I bought an
Emqq4LC2RYc-00019-00005498-00005735 Italian bag and unfortunately it broke
Emqq4LC2RYc-00020-00005736-00005936 and I was like so upset but literally
Emqq4LC2RYc-00021-00005937-00006167 like maybe a couple weeks later teddy
Emqq4LC2RYc-00022-00006168-00006368 Blanc reached out to me and it said they
Emqq4LC2RYc-00023-00006369-00006523 wanted to send me a bag and I found out
Emqq4LC2RYc-00024-00006525-00006677 they were Italian bags and I was
Emqq4LC2RYc-00025-00006678-00006917 ecstatic so this is the bag that I got
Emqq4LC2RYc-00026-00006918-00007217 it is beautiful this is how big it is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00027-00007218-00007420 compared to my head it has this like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00028-00007422-00007756 cool little lock so just like twist it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00029-00007758-00008224 and then I guess this thing comes out
Emqq4LC2RYc-00030-00008225-00008851 okay I got it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00031-00008852-00009251 alright figuring it out as we go this is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00032-00009252-00009481 definitely a purse to take to like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00033-00009482-00009674 anywhere that gets pickpocketed easily
Emqq4LC2RYc-00034-00009675-00009902 because it's pretty much like a thing
Emqq4LC2RYc-00035-00009903-00010153 walk on this purse I'm really cool but
Emqq4LC2RYc-00036-00010154-00010303 okay alright ooh
Emqq4LC2RYc-00037-00010304-00011103 how fancy okay so it comes with this see
Emqq4LC2RYc-00038-00011104-00011396 it's just like a bag for it your bag
Emqq4LC2RYc-00039-00011397-00011689 very nice and bougie and then it also
Emqq4LC2RYc-00040-00011690-00011885 comes with a leather strap to make it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00041-00011886-00012113 crossbody I think it's so douchey when
Emqq4LC2RYc-00042-00012114-00012260 people just carry their handbags like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00043-00012261-00012455 this but I'm the type of person that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00044-00012456-00012688 always like needs my hands to be empty
Emqq4LC2RYc-00045-00012689-00012860 because I'm always doing something so
Emqq4LC2RYc-00046-00012861-00013049 this will definitely come in handy I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00047-00013050-00013307 100% gonna put this on because you can
Emqq4LC2RYc-00048-00013308-00013355 wear it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00049-00013356-00013532 wait I'm not gonna lie this probably
Emqq4LC2RYc-00050-00013533-00013733 like the nicest handbag I've ever had
Emqq4LC2RYc-00051-00013734-00014030 like this is just so high-quality it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00052-00014031-00014269 literally smells like the leather stores
Emqq4LC2RYc-00053-00014270-00014438 in Italy it's bringing back such good
Emqq4LC2RYc-00054-00014438-00014627 memories now I definitely need to go
Emqq4LC2RYc-00055-00014628-00014885 shopping for some Fuji outfits to match
Emqq4LC2RYc-00056-00014886-00014960 this bag
Emqq4LC2RYc-00057-00014961-00015113 honestly I'd definitely rather have a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00058-00015113-00015422 big bag because I bring like my camera
Emqq4LC2RYc-00059-00015422-00015625 my vlog camera everywhere I go so it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00060-00015626-00015830 just nice to have so much room for like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00061-00015831-00016061 everything you ever need if you guys are
Emqq4LC2RYc-00062-00016062-00016283 interested in this bag or any of the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00063-00016284-00016487 other Teddy black bags definitely go and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00064-00016488-00016672 the description below I'll have a link
Emqq4LC2RYc-00065-00016673-00016868 to their website and the specific back
Emqq4LC2RYc-00066-00016869-00017003 let me know in the comments what you
Emqq4LC2RYc-00067-00017004-00017159 guys think about this bag are you guys
Emqq4LC2RYc-00068-00017160-00017471 more of a small bag person or like a big
Emqq4LC2RYc-00069-00017472-00017684 bag person like me also thank you to
Emqq4LC2RYc-00070-00017685-00017915 teddy plate for sending me this it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00071-00017916-00018130 honestly even more beautiful in person I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00072-00018131-00018191 love it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00073-00018192-00018437 so now I want to talk booty if you guys
Emqq4LC2RYc-00074-00018438-00018752 are a beauty insider vib vib Rouge you
Emqq4LC2RYc-00075-00018753-00018980 guys know that the big Sephora sale was
Emqq4LC2RYc-00076-00018981-00019232 just a couple of weeks ago and honestly
Emqq4LC2RYc-00077-00019233-00019400 I was really trying not to spend money
Emqq4LC2RYc-00078-00019401-00019652 but like literally it's a trigger word
Emqq4LC2RYc-00079-00019653-00019925 to hear like Sephora vib sale because
Emqq4LC2RYc-00080-00019926-00020069 then I start thinking of all the things
Emqq4LC2RYc-00081-00020070-00020252 I need at Sephora and then make a big
Emqq4LC2RYc-00082-00020253-00020630 purchase and end up with just a lot of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00083-00020631-00020888 makeup but I love everything I got I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00084-00020889-00021019 actually haven't tried out half the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00085-00021020-00021161 things I got because they're all like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00086-00021162-00021428 face masks so my sister is super into
Emqq4LC2RYc-00087-00021429-00021638 skincare she has been telling me about
Emqq4LC2RYc-00088-00021639-00022000 these dr. jart face masks for so long
Emqq4LC2RYc-00089-00022001-00022283 now and to be honest I buy a lot of my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00090-00022284-00022553 sheet masks on Amazon because they come
Emqq4LC2RYc-00091-00022554-00022721 in a really big bundle and they're
Emqq4LC2RYc-00092-00022722-00022987 pretty affordable um but these are I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00093-00022988-00023297 think twelve dollars each and so I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00094-00023298-00023564 decided to you know try them out during
Emqq4LC2RYc-00095-00023565-00023861 the Sephora vib sale I got the rubber
Emqq4LC2RYc-00096-00023862-00024116 mask brite lover and then I also got the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00097-00024117-00024374 hydration lover and she says these like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00098-00024375-00024700 change your skin so I'm very excited to
Emqq4LC2RYc-00099-00024701-00024862 try them I've been waiting to use them
Emqq4LC2RYc-00100-00024863-00025058 to do this haul I know that's like kinda
Emqq4LC2RYc-00101-00025059-00025274 silly but I wanted to show you guys so
Emqq4LC2RYc-00102-00025275-00025484 now I can dive right in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00103-00025485-00025700 I also got some of just their regular
Emqq4LC2RYc-00104-00025701-00025939 sheet masks so these are also from dr.
Emqq4LC2RYc-00105-00025941-00025978 jart
Emqq4LC2RYc-00106-00025979-00026233 I got the water replenishment the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00107-00026234-00026570 brightening solution and the soothing
Emqq4LC2RYc-00108-00026570-00026741 Hydra solution so as
Emqq4LC2RYc-00109-00026742-00026888 you can tell my skin is super dry it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00110-00026889-00027137 always needs as much moisturization as
Emqq4LC2RYc-00111-00027138-00027431 possible and then it's also kind of like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00112-00027432-00027677 uneven I used to have eczema and still
Emqq4LC2RYc-00113-00027677-00027902 kind of do so my skin is really blotchy
Emqq4LC2RYc-00114-00027902-00028151 so anything that can like brighten it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00115-00028152-00028538 even it out hydrate I love so I'm very
Emqq4LC2RYc-00116-00028539-00028702 excited to try these masks
Emqq4LC2RYc-00117-00028704-00028870 follow me on instagram because I'll
Emqq4LC2RYc-00118-00028872-00029045 probably keep you guys updated on how I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00119-00029045-00029264 feel about them over on my Instagram
Emqq4LC2RYc-00120-00029264-00029414 stories so if you guys want to follow me
Emqq4LC2RYc-00121-00029414-00029602 the link will be in the description
Emqq4LC2RYc-00122-00029604-00029783 below so I feel like the older we get
Emqq4LC2RYc-00123-00029783-00029987 the more we care about skin care so
Emqq4LC2RYc-00124-00029988-00030139 pretty much half of what I got at the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00125-00030141-00030445 Sephora sale was skin care so let's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00126-00030447-00030581 start with this one this is a very
Emqq4LC2RYc-00127-00030582-00030770 popular one you guys probably have
Emqq4LC2RYc-00128-00030770-00031055 guessed it but I did cave and get the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00129-00031056-00031361 summer fridays mask I don't really know
Emqq4LC2RYc-00130-00031362-00031505 how I feel about this I don't know if
Emqq4LC2RYc-00131-00031506-00031826 it's like hyped up on Instagram or like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00132-00031827-00031979 if it's a really good product I mean
Emqq4LC2RYc-00133-00031980-00032201 obviously you see that I've used you
Emqq4LC2RYc-00134-00032202-00032438 know at 2 times 3 times or something I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00135-00032439-00032651 actually got a sephora sample before it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00136-00032652-00032858 I usually sleep with it on because I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00137-00032859-00033080 thought I heard you could do that but it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00138-00033081-00033281 will probably be better if I just like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00139-00033282-00033476 rinse it off 15 minutes later so I might
Emqq4LC2RYc-00140-00033477-00033728 try it that way next time but I mean the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00141-00033729-00033914 packaging is very cute and I definitely
Emqq4LC2RYc-00142-00033915-00034046 want to try the pumpkin scrub that they
Emqq4LC2RYc-00143-00034047-00034229 just launched because first of all I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00144-00034230-00034439 love pumpkin and second of all again
Emqq4LC2RYc-00145-00034440-00034610 they killed it with their packaging but
Emqq4LC2RYc-00146-00034611-00034772 I do want to wait till it comes in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00147-00034773-00035009 Sephora stores because then I can get a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00148-00035010-00035201 sample if you guys don't know you can
Emqq4LC2RYc-00149-00035202-00035477 get 3 samples per customer when you go
Emqq4LC2RYc-00150-00035478-00035714 into a Sephora store so there's no shame
Emqq4LC2RYc-00151-00035715-00035837 in getting your samples when you're
Emqq4LC2RYc-00152-00035838-00036023 going because that's how you try out
Emqq4LC2RYc-00153-00036024-00036176 products and that's how you get to like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00154-00036177-00036455 them and eventually buy them so there's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00155-00036456-00036698 no shame and just sampling what you
Emqq4LC2RYc-00156-00036699-00036881 might want to try so I recently just got
Emqq4LC2RYc-00157-00036882-00037145 a facial done at spa bar in Orlando it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00158-00037146-00037352 in the Waterford Lakes area if you guys
Emqq4LC2RYc-00159-00037353-00037724 are interested but I go to a girl named
Emqq4LC2RYc-00160-00037725-00037928 Molly Mann and she is so helpful like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00161-00037929-00038135 she gives me so much information about
Emqq4LC2RYc-00162-00038136-00038378 skin and I think I've gone only like 4
Emqq4LC2RYc-00163-00038379-00038549 times but the last time I got a facial
Emqq4LC2RYc-00164-00038550-00038795 she saw like my scars cuz I have like a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00165-00038796-00038999 little bit of a scarring issue around
Emqq4LC2RYc-00166-00039000-00039233 here just because that's my problem area
Emqq4LC2RYc-00167-00039234-00039452 so she said vitamin C would be really
Emqq4LC2RYc-00168-00039453-00039692 good to break up the dark spot so right
Emqq4LC2RYc-00169-00039693-00039869 after my facial I went into support
Emqq4LC2RYc-00170-00039870-00040016 because it's in the same area and I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00171-00040017-00040110 thought
Emqq4LC2RYc-00172-00040111-00040311 this product right here it's from first
Emqq4LC2RYc-00173-00040312-00040481 aid beauty and it is the resurfacing
Emqq4LC2RYc-00174-00040482-00040743 liquid they said it was really good for
Emqq4LC2RYc-00175-00040744-00040902 just breaking up those dark spots like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00176-00040903-00041148 Molly said so I've been using this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00177-00041149-00041385 pretty much every day for a week now she
Emqq4LC2RYc-00178-00041386-00041562 did say that results will come slowly
Emqq4LC2RYc-00179-00041563-00041979 and I'm very impatient so I'm trying to
Emqq4LC2RYc-00180-00041980-00042144 like be consistent with this product and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00181-00042145-00042339 so far I've been pretty good with it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00182-00042340-00042642 next up I got an exfoliating mask this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00183-00042643-00042912 is the kora organics tumeric brightening
Emqq4LC2RYc-00184-00042913-00043191 an exfoliating mask first of all I love
Emqq4LC2RYc-00185-00043192-00043344 the packaging it's gold and beautiful
Emqq4LC2RYc-00186-00043345-00043617 and then second of all it kind of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00187-00043618-00043833 reminds me of getting a facial in India
Emqq4LC2RYc-00188-00043834-00044070 it literally just like reminds me of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00189-00044071-00044307 Indiana - I really like this it's very
Emqq4LC2RYc-00190-00044308-00044502 refreshing like the smell of tumeric and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00191-00044503-00044853 I love just scrubbing my face with this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00192-00044854-00045132 I feel so so clean this is definitely my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00193-00045133-00045375 favorite exfoliating scrub I've ever
Emqq4LC2RYc-00194-00045376-00045588 used on my face because since it has
Emqq4LC2RYc-00195-00045589-00045840 turmeric in it it brightens up my face
Emqq4LC2RYc-00196-00045841-00046131 so it's like a two-in-one it's amazing
Emqq4LC2RYc-00197-00046132-00046431 so now moving into makeup I splurged and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00198-00046432-00046602 got another eyeshadow palette which I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00199-00046603-00046833 definitely did not need but this one is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00200-00046834-00047142 amazing it is the Sephora pro palette
Emqq4LC2RYc-00201-00047143-00047357 and this is what it looks like it has
Emqq4LC2RYc-00202-00047358-00047673 literally such stunning shades and I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00203-00047674-00047985 don't think I've ever spent this much on
Emqq4LC2RYc-00204-00047986-00048138 an eyeshadow palette I'm pretty sure it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00205-00048139-00048387 was like $68 because usually I get like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00206-00048388-00048600 morphe eyeshadow palettes and then in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00207-00048601-00048801 the past I've gotten single potted
Emqq4LC2RYc-00208-00048802-00048873 shadows
Emqq4LC2RYc-00209-00048874-00049038 I've never split and got like a really
Emqq4LC2RYc-00210-00049039-00049263 nice I shadow palette and it isn't
Emqq4LC2RYc-00211-00049264-00049514 saying the difference and quality of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00212-00049515-00049731 really expensive ones first of all the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00213-00049732-00050052 packaging is so sleek and like nice very
Emqq4LC2RYc-00214-00050053-00050289 matte and then they have a full mirror
Emqq4LC2RYc-00215-00050290-00050589 on here and then just the colors are
Emqq4LC2RYc-00216-00050590-00050865 super super pretty they are for everyday
Emqq4LC2RYc-00217-00050866-00051072 you can have some for going out because
Emqq4LC2RYc-00218-00051073-00051264 they have these shimmers in it and they
Emqq4LC2RYc-00219-00051265-00051446 have the yellow which I've always wanted
Emqq4LC2RYc-00220-00051447-00051696 and so I think this is like a perfect
Emqq4LC2RYc-00221-00051697-00051852 palette for me I've been definitely
Emqq4LC2RYc-00222-00051853-00052014 using a lot of the neutral colors
Emqq4LC2RYc-00223-00052015-00052236 recently because I've been going to my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00224-00052237-00052442 internship nothing like really special I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00225-00052444-00052689 definitely saw videos um maybe like a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00226-00052690-00052829 couple months back I don't really know
Emqq4LC2RYc-00227-00052830-00052977 when this came out but I feel like this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00228-00052978-00053241 should be talked about more because I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00229-00053242-00053541 enjoy it my last product from Sephora is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00230-00053542-00053761 this baked eyeshadow from Laura Mercier
Emqq4LC2RYc-00231-00053762-00054091 it is in the color terracotta and I just
Emqq4LC2RYc-00232-00054091-00054351 really love these like copper kind of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00233-00054352-00054685 tones like pinkish copper Brown all that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00234-00054686-00054886 sort of thing I love just doing a brown
Emqq4LC2RYc-00235-00054887-00055080 smokey eye and then putting this on my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00236-00055082-00055332 lid it's just like an easy and quick eye
Emqq4LC2RYc-00237-00055333-00055617 for just going out or an everyday look
Emqq4LC2RYc-00238-00055619-00055828 honestly I've really been enjoying this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00239-00055829-00056026 color I never really liked baked
Emqq4LC2RYc-00240-00056027-00056287 eyeshadows because I think I used to use
Emqq4LC2RYc-00241-00056288-00056497 like the elf ones and those aren't too
Emqq4LC2RYc-00242-00056498-00056554 great
Emqq4LC2RYc-00243-00056554-00056710 obviously Laura Mercier's price
Emqq4LC2RYc-00244-00056711-00056866 difference is a lot different so I would
Emqq4LC2RYc-00245-00056866-00057051 hope the quality matches up to it which
Emqq4LC2RYc-00246-00057052-00057238 is definitely does next I want to show
Emqq4LC2RYc-00247-00057239-00057472 you guys what I got from Amazon I have
Emqq4LC2RYc-00248-00057473-00057709 recently been obsessed with these flat
Emqq4LC2RYc-00249-00057710-00057961 form shoes and I got these off Amazon I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00250-00057962-00058210 actually got them in the nude color as
Emqq4LC2RYc-00251-00058211-00058354 well but I definitely wear the black
Emqq4LC2RYc-00252-00058354-00058549 more you guys have probably seen these
Emqq4LC2RYc-00253-00058550-00058762 and like a lot of my instagrams because
Emqq4LC2RYc-00254-00058763-00058932 I literally wear it every single time I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00255-00058933-00059082 go out I really don't think they were
Emqq4LC2RYc-00256-00059083-00059319 too expensive so I don't feel bad about
Emqq4LC2RYc-00257-00059320-00059526 getting them dirty when I go out not
Emqq4LC2RYc-00258-00059527-00059674 that I have really gotten them dirty
Emqq4LC2RYc-00259-00059675-00059880 they're pretty clean for how much I've
Emqq4LC2RYc-00260-00059882-00060129 worn them already I will say that I did
Emqq4LC2RYc-00261-00060130-00060319 get blisters the first couple times I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00262-00060320-00060523 wore them but I mean that's kind of a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00263-00060524-00060748 given when you get new shoes but I do
Emqq4LC2RYc-00264-00060749-00060979 recommend this so so much so I know
Emqq4LC2RYc-00265-00060979-00061165 we're going into fall but I also bought
Emqq4LC2RYc-00266-00061166-00061401 some swimsuits on Amazon you can't
Emqq4LC2RYc-00267-00061402-00061582 really see like the color of this but
Emqq4LC2RYc-00268-00061583-00061807 it's like a bright orange I'm pretty
Emqq4LC2RYc-00269-00061808-00062062 sure online it wasn't this bright from
Emqq4LC2RYc-00270-00062063-00062226 what I remember because I feel like I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00271-00062227-00062401 would not buy like a highlight or orange
Emqq4LC2RYc-00272-00062402-00062647 swimsuit but like you know it could look
Emqq4LC2RYc-00273-00062648-00062826 good on me I mean we'll just have to see
Emqq4LC2RYc-00274-00062827-00063046 when we tried on almost like lay just
Emqq4LC2RYc-00275-00063047-00063235 answer a picture of the bathing suit
Emqq4LC2RYc-00276-00063236-00063463 picture on Amazon my first impressions
Emqq4LC2RYc-00277-00063464-00063705 of this swimsuit it's definitely way
Emqq4LC2RYc-00278-00063707-00064015 better quality than Zappo hopefully it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00279-00064016-00064179 won't fit my boobs I mean I think it
Emqq4LC2RYc-00280-00064180-00064356 will cuz that's like a lot of material
Emqq4LC2RYc-00281-00064357-00064585 but I know when I was buying from Zaap
Emqq4LC2RYc-00282-00064586-00064753 old they were really really cute but
Emqq4LC2RYc-00283-00064754-00064932 they just did not fit my boobs like I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00284-00064933-00065173 would buy the largest that they had in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00285-00065174-00065367 every swimsuit and they just wouldn't
Emqq4LC2RYc-00286-00065369-00065617 fit so hopefully this will fit
Emqq4LC2RYc-00287-00065618-00065803 everything it's kind of just like a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00288-00065804-00066049 cutout in the middle so it is a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00289-00066050-00066226 one-piece but it kind of looks like a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00290-00066227-00066403 two-piece from the front it's kind of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00291-00066404-00066439 cool
Emqq4LC2RYc-00292-00066440-00066624 the next one I got is this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00293-00066625-00066801 striped wine it kind of reminds me of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00294-00066802-00067032 like those trendy rompers because it has
Emqq4LC2RYc-00295-00067033-00067272 like a little side tie right here it has
Emqq4LC2RYc-00296-00067273-00067512 like a low scoop in the back again I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00297-00067513-00067665 just gonna insert a picture because that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00298-00067666-00067905 was just not helpful at all but again
Emqq4LC2RYc-00299-00067906-00068040 the quality is really good and those
Emqq4LC2RYc-00300-00068041-00068209 swimsuits definitely did not break the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00301-00068210-00068463 bank I'm also gonna show you a couple of
Emqq4LC2RYc-00302-00068464-00068619 shirts that I got from Amazon I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00303-00068620-00068829 starting with Amazon this is one of the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00304-00068830-00069105 shirts I got it says killing it I bought
Emqq4LC2RYc-00305-00069106-00069309 this shirt because I wanted to you know
Emqq4LC2RYc-00306-00069310-00069486 have a bunch of options for a tailgate
Emqq4LC2RYc-00307-00069487-00069744 because I go to UCF and our colors are
Emqq4LC2RYc-00308-00069745-00069927 black and gold this shirt is really
Emqq4LC2RYc-00309-00069928-00070128 yellow but I thought this was gonna be a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00310-00070129-00070368 comfy slouchy tee but it actually is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00311-00070369-00070554 like an athletic kind of feel like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00312-00070555-00070824 cotton but like athletic also I'd
Emqq4LC2RYc-00313-00070825-00071037 probably wear this on days that I'm just
Emqq4LC2RYc-00314-00071038-00071232 chillin at the house or just being lazy
Emqq4LC2RYc-00315-00071233-00071478 with some leggings this is the second
Emqq4LC2RYc-00316-00071479-00071694 tough I got from Amazon and I think it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00317-00071695-00071884 so unique because it's a one-shoulder
Emqq4LC2RYc-00318-00071885-00072115 crop top and again it's kind of like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00319-00072116-00072273 that really bright yellow color I feel
Emqq4LC2RYc-00320-00072274-00072390 like this is definitely something I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00321-00072391-00072612 would wear to a tailgate this top and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00322-00072613-00072765 I'm pretty sure the last t-shirt was
Emqq4LC2RYc-00323-00072766-00073047 like $10 or like under that so I highly
Emqq4LC2RYc-00324-00073048-00073212 recommend checking out Amazon fashion
Emqq4LC2RYc-00325-00073213-00073347 because you never know what you can find
Emqq4LC2RYc-00326-00073348-00073602 this is the next top it's actually from
Emqq4LC2RYc-00327-00073603-00073782 Plato's Closet if you guys watch my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00328-00073783-00074010 vlogs in my videos you guys know I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00329-00074011-00074169 obsessed with like all the Plato's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00330-00074170-00074457 Closet around UCF the Oviedo and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00331-00074458-00074742 Waterford Lakes has such good options
Emqq4LC2RYc-00332-00074743-00074910 and I don't know I thought it was kind
Emqq4LC2RYc-00333-00074911-00075066 of cool like very different from my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00334-00075067-00075273 style but I always like trying different
Emqq4LC2RYc-00335-00075274-00075513 things out but I really don't know what
Emqq4LC2RYc-00336-00075514-00075759 a style with it except for high-waisted
Emqq4LC2RYc-00337-00075760-00075972 pants so let me know in the comments
Emqq4LC2RYc-00338-00075973-00076140 what you guys would style with this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00339-00076141-00076275 shirt it doesn't really show off my
Emqq4LC2RYc-00340-00076276-00076524 figure so I would like some tight
Emqq4LC2RYc-00341-00076525-00076755 bottoms you know so yeah definitely let
Emqq4LC2RYc-00342-00076756-00076899 me know you guys can like style me in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00343-00076900-00077106 the comments so now I want to move into
Emqq4LC2RYc-00344-00077107-00077376 what I got from fashion OVA this is the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00345-00077377-00077556 first top that I got it's just like a
Emqq4LC2RYc-00346-00077557-00077772 going-out shirt but I thought that this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00347-00077773-00077937 green color was really pretty I don't
Emqq4LC2RYc-00348-00077938-00078153 really have much green in my closet and
Emqq4LC2RYc-00349-00078154-00078357 I also feel like this color fits into
Emqq4LC2RYc-00350-00078358-00078675 like the going out night scene so it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00351-00078676-00078888 just like this halter kind of thing it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00352-00078889-00079089 like tied at the back and you can kind
Emqq4LC2RYc-00353-00079090-00079293 of like tie as tight as you want I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00354-00079294-00079485 currently being choked if I'm being
Emqq4LC2RYc-00355-00079486-00079713 honest so I really need to find out how
Emqq4LC2RYc-00356-00079714-00079963 to wear this and like what bra
Emqq4LC2RYc-00357-00079964-00080131 to youth so I definitely need to play
Emqq4LC2RYc-00358-00080132-00080308 around with this a little bit more but I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00359-00080309-00080551 think it's overall really cute next from
Emqq4LC2RYc-00360-00080552-00080812 fashion OVA is this black just tank top
Emqq4LC2RYc-00361-00080813-00081079 it's like a halter top I swear I thought
Emqq4LC2RYc-00362-00081080-00081355 it was a bodysuit so I like put it on as
Emqq4LC2RYc-00363-00081356-00081538 if I was putting on a bodysuit but it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00364-00081539-00081721 just a really long tank top I think it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00365-00081722-00081862 super flattering I really like the
Emqq4LC2RYc-00366-00081863-00082057 material of it and I definitely think
Emqq4LC2RYc-00367-00082058-00082288 this is a basic for like college going
Emqq4LC2RYc-00368-00082289-00082438 out especially if you don't plan on
Emqq4LC2RYc-00369-00082439-00082621 going out then you can just like throw
Emqq4LC2RYc-00370-00082622-00082777 something on I think this top would be
Emqq4LC2RYc-00371-00082778-00082912 perfect with like some high-waisted
Emqq4LC2RYc-00372-00082913-00083161 black jeans but I also got this camo
Emqq4LC2RYc-00373-00083162-00083431 skirt and I've been wanting a camo skirt
Emqq4LC2RYc-00374-00083432-00083632 for so long now just because that's like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00375-00083633-00083845 the new trendy thing to get camera stuff
Emqq4LC2RYc-00376-00083846-00084043 up next I'm definitely getting a camo
Emqq4LC2RYc-00377-00084044-00084250 hat I definitely thought this camo skirt
Emqq4LC2RYc-00378-00084251-00084481 was gonna be like more denim and like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00379-00084482-00084688 thicker but it's definitely like a thin
Emqq4LC2RYc-00380-00084689-00084832 material it's kind of like weird to
Emqq4LC2RYc-00381-00084833-00085117 explain but I really like the fit like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00382-00085118-00085345 it fits really well I got another one
Emqq4LC2RYc-00383-00085346-00085576 sleeve top first of all this top is
Emqq4LC2RYc-00384-00085577-00085792 super comfy I wish I could just be like
Emqq4LC2RYc-00385-00085793-00085999 a normal long-sleeve shirt because I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00386-00086000-00086134 would literally wear this every single
Emqq4LC2RYc-00387-00086135-00086404 day it is so soft but other than that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00388-00086405-00086590 it's super cute because it has like this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00389-00086591-00086776 tie thing and a little bit of a cutout
Emqq4LC2RYc-00390-00086777-00087013 so I feel like it has a lot going on but
Emqq4LC2RYc-00391-00087014-00087202 it still looks pretty simple the last
Emqq4LC2RYc-00392-00087203-00087352 thing I got from fashion OVA is this
Emqq4LC2RYc-00393-00087353-00087592 cheerleader skirt I've seen so many
Emqq4LC2RYc-00394-00087593-00087787 gameday outfits kind of just based
Emqq4LC2RYc-00395-00087788-00087961 around this trend of wearing these
Emqq4LC2RYc-00396-00087962-00088135 cheerleader skirts and I think it's
Emqq4LC2RYc-00397-00088136-00088327 super cute but I feel like this one just
Emqq4LC2RYc-00398-00088328-00088549 like flares out it's kind of like stiff
Emqq4LC2RYc-00399-00088550-00088819 if that makes sense because the material
Emqq4LC2RYc-00400-00088820-00089026 is kind of thick but it is very very
Emqq4LC2RYc-00401-00089027-00089200 comfortable like they have shorts
Emqq4LC2RYc-00402-00089201-00089392 underneath so you will be you know
Emqq4LC2RYc-00403-00089393-00089629 covered during game day and stuff I
Emqq4LC2RYc-00404-00089630-00089791 honestly think a black tube top would
Emqq4LC2RYc-00405-00089792-00089992 pair really well with this outfit so I'm
Emqq4LC2RYc-00406-00089993-00090190 probably gonna try it that out so that
Emqq4LC2RYc-00407-00090191-00090352 was the up the hall I hope you guys
Emqq4LC2RYc-00408-00090353-00090556 enjoyed it and you guys know the drill
Emqq4LC2RYc-00409-00090557-00090718 the links will be in the description
Emqq4LC2RYc-00410-00090719-00090895 below so if you guys are interested in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00411-00090896-00091078 anything that I mentioned check their
Emqq4LC2RYc-00412-00091079-00091267 and also if you guys want to follow me
Emqq4LC2RYc-00413-00091268-00091486 on my Instagram where you will be seeing
Emqq4LC2RYc-00414-00091487-00091672 me use these products and wearing these
Emqq4LC2RYc-00415-00091673-00091945 clothes a handle is so underscore gnarly
Emqq4LC2RYc-00416-00091946-00092215 without the G and I will see you all in
Emqq4LC2RYc-00417-00092216-00092383 my next video bye guys
Emqq4LC2RYc-00418-00092384-00093412 [Music]
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F0dhj9I1ij8-00002-00002884-00003447 so
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F0dhj9I1ij8-00005-00005684-00006303 do
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F0dhj9I1ij8-00012-00015951-00016159 you
F2FTA6MwwkY-00000-00000112-00000447 samuel adams september 27 o.s
F2FTA6MwwkY-00001-00000448-00000902 september 16 1722 october 2nd 1803 was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00002-00000903-00001087 an american statesman political
F2FTA6MwwkY-00003-00001088-00001262 philosopher and one of the founding
F2FTA6MwwkY-00004-00001263-00001478 fathers of the united states
F2FTA6MwwkY-00005-00001479-00001655 he was a politician in colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00006-00001655-00001847 massachusetts a leader of the movement
F2FTA6MwwkY-00007-00001848-00002047 that became the american revolution and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00008-00002048-00002231 one of the architects of the principles
F2FTA6MwwkY-00009-00002232-00002431 of american republicanism that shaped
F2FTA6MwwkY-00010-00002432-00002599 the political culture of the united
F2FTA6MwwkY-00011-00002600-00002710 states
F2FTA6MwwkY-00012-00002711-00002895 he was a second cousin to his fellow
F2FTA6MwwkY-00013-00002896-00003215 founding father president john adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00014-00003215-00003438 adams was born in boston brought up in a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00015-00003439-00003719 religious and politically active family
F2FTA6MwwkY-00016-00003720-00003935 a graduate of harvard college he was an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00017-00003936-00004127 unsuccessful businessman and tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00018-00004128-00004295 collector before concentrating on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00019-00004296-00004599 politics he was an influential official
F2FTA6MwwkY-00020-00004600-00004743 of the massachusetts house of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00021-00004744-00004927 representatives and the boston town
F2FTA6MwwkY-00022-00004928-00005167 meeting in the 1760s and he became a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00023-00005168-00005327 part of a movement opposed to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00024-00005328-00005511 british parliament's efforts to tax the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00025-00005512-00005686 british american colonies without their
F2FTA6MwwkY-00026-00005687-00006086 consent his 1768 massachusetts circular
F2FTA6MwwkY-00027-00006087-00006234 letter calling for colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00028-00006235-00006470 non-cooperation prompted the occupation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00029-00006472-00006703 of boston by british soldiers eventually
F2FTA6MwwkY-00030-00006704-00006887 resulting in the boston massacre of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00031-00006888-00007063 1770.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00032-00007064-00007246 adams and his colleagues devised a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00033-00007247-00007459 committee of correspondent system in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00034-00007459-00007727 1772 to help coordinate resistance to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00035-00007728-00007903 what he saw as the british government's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00036-00007904-00008055 attempts to violate the british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00037-00008056-00008231 constitution at the expense of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00038-00008232-00008407 colonies which linked like-minded
F2FTA6MwwkY-00039-00008408-00008542 patriots throughout the thirteen
F2FTA6MwwkY-00040-00008543-00008678 colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00041-00008679-00008903 continued resistance to british policy
F2FTA6MwwkY-00042-00008904-00009223 resulted in the 1773 boston tea party
F2FTA6MwwkY-00043-00009224-00009351 and the coming of the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-00044-00009352-00009510 revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-00045-00009511-00009746 parliament passed the coercive acts in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00046-00009747-00010031 1774 at which time adams attended the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00047-00010032-00010231 continental congress in philadelphia
F2FTA6MwwkY-00048-00010232-00010383 which was convened to coordinate a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00049-00010384-00010567 colonial response
F2FTA6MwwkY-00050-00010568-00010759 he helped guide congress towards issuing
F2FTA6MwwkY-00051-00010760-00011078 the continental association in 1774 and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00052-00011079-00011406 the declaration of independence in 1776
F2FTA6MwwkY-00053-00011407-00011567 and he helped draft the articles of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00054-00011568-00011751 confederation and the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00055-00011752-00011895 constitution
F2FTA6MwwkY-00056-00011896-00012103 adams returned to massachusetts after
F2FTA6MwwkY-00057-00012104-00012303 the american revolution where he served
F2FTA6MwwkY-00058-00012304-00012478 in the state senate and was eventually
F2FTA6MwwkY-00059-00012479-00012670 elected governor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00060-00012671-00012846 samuel adams later became a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00061-00012847-00013111 controversial figure in american history
F2FTA6MwwkY-00062-00013112-00013311 accounts written in the 19th century
F2FTA6MwwkY-00063-00013312-00013455 praised him as someone who had been
F2FTA6MwwkY-00064-00013456-00013647 steering his fellow colonists towards
F2FTA6MwwkY-00065-00013647-00013838 independence long before the outbreak of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00066-00013840-00014030 the revolutionary war
F2FTA6MwwkY-00067-00014031-00014191 this view gave way to negative
F2FTA6MwwkY-00068-00014191-00014383 assessments of atoms in the first half
F2FTA6MwwkY-00069-00014384-00014583 of the 20th century in which he was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00070-00014584-00014791 portrayed as a master of propaganda who
F2FTA6MwwkY-00071-00014791-00014975 provoked mob violence to achieve his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00072-00014976-00015094 goals
F2FTA6MwwkY-00073-00015095-00015271 both of these interpretations have been
F2FTA6MwwkY-00074-00015272-00015479 challenged by some modern scholars who
F2FTA6MwwkY-00075-00015480-00015663 argue that these traditional depictions
F2FTA6MwwkY-00076-00015663-00015847 of atoms are myths contradicted by the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00077-00015847-00016575 historical record
F2FTA6MwwkY-00078-00016576-00017030 early life
F2FTA6MwwkY-00079-00017031-00017255 samuel adams was born in boston in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00080-00017256-00017447 british colony of massachusetts on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00081-00017448-00017807 september 16 1722 an old-style date that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00082-00017808-00017999 is sometimes converted to the new style
F2FTA6MwwkY-00083-00018000-00018222 date of september 27th
F2FTA6MwwkY-00084-00018223-00018447 adams was one of 12 children born to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00085-00018448-00018679 samuel adams senior and mary fifield
F2FTA6MwwkY-00086-00018680-00018911 adams in an age of high infant mortality
F2FTA6MwwkY-00087-00018912-00019086 only three of these children lived past
F2FTA6MwwkY-00088-00019087-00019255 their third birthday
F2FTA6MwwkY-00089-00019256-00019486 adams's parents were devout puritans and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00090-00019487-00019686 members of the old south congregational
F2FTA6MwwkY-00091-00019687-00019943 church the family lived on purchase
F2FTA6MwwkY-00092-00019944-00020183 street in boston adams was proud of his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00093-00020184-00020414 puritan heritage and emphasized puritan
F2FTA6MwwkY-00094-00020415-00020599 values in his political career
F2FTA6MwwkY-00095-00020600-00021003 especially virtue samuel adams senior
F2FTA6MwwkY-00096-00021004-00021247 1689-1748 was a prosperous merchant and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00097-00021248-00021383 church deacon
F2FTA6MwwkY-00098-00021384-00021607 deacon adams became a leading figure in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00099-00021608-00021830 boston politics through an organization
F2FTA6MwwkY-00100-00021831-00022039 that became known as the boston caucus
F2FTA6MwwkY-00101-00022040-00022230 which promoted candidates who supported
F2FTA6MwwkY-00102-00022231-00022399 popular causes
F2FTA6MwwkY-00103-00022400-00022575 the boston caucus helped shape the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00104-00022576-00022807 agenda of the boston town meeting
F2FTA6MwwkY-00105-00022808-00023022 a new england town meeting is a form of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00106-00023023-00023230 local government with elected officials
F2FTA6MwwkY-00107-00023231-00023422 and not just a gathering of citizens
F2FTA6MwwkY-00108-00023423-00023639 according to historian william fowler it
F2FTA6MwwkY-00109-00023640-00023927 was the most democratic institution in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00110-00023928-00024127 the british empire
F2FTA6MwwkY-00111-00024128-00024319 deacon adams rose through the political
F2FTA6MwwkY-00112-00024320-00024542 ranks becoming a justice of the peace a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00113-00024543-00024694 selectman and a member of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00114-00024695-00024967 massachusetts house of representatives
F2FTA6MwwkY-00115-00024968-00025207 he worked closely with elisha cook jr
F2FTA6MwwkY-00116-00025208-00025478 1678-17
F2FTA6MwwkY-00117-00025479-00025758 the leader of the popular party a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00118-00025760-00025958 faction that resisted any encroachment
F2FTA6MwwkY-00119-00025960-00026174 by royal officials on the colonial rites
F2FTA6MwwkY-00120-00026175-00026383 embodied in the massachusetts charter of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00121-00026383-00026558 1691.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00122-00026560-00026758 in the coming years members of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00123-00026760-00027039 popular party became known as whigs or
F2FTA6MwwkY-00124-00027039-00027207 patriots
F2FTA6MwwkY-00125-00027208-00027439 the younger samuel adams attended boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00126-00027439-00027623 latin school and then entered harvard
F2FTA6MwwkY-00127-00027624-00027879 college in 1736
F2FTA6MwwkY-00128-00027880-00028039 his parents hoped that his schooling
F2FTA6MwwkY-00129-00028039-00028207 would prepare him for the ministry but
F2FTA6MwwkY-00130-00028208-00028414 adams gradually shifted his interest to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00131-00028416-00028551 politics
F2FTA6MwwkY-00132-00028552-00028870 after graduating in 1740 adams continued
F2FTA6MwwkY-00133-00028872-00029079 his studies earning a master's degree in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00134-00029080-00029279 1743.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00135-00029280-00029511 in his thesis he argued that it was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00136-00029512-00029758 lawful to resist the supreme magistrate
F2FTA6MwwkY-00137-00029760-00029990 if the commonwealth cannot otherwise be
F2FTA6MwwkY-00138-00029991-00030151 preserved
F2FTA6MwwkY-00139-00030152-00030367 which indicated that his political views
F2FTA6MwwkY-00140-00030368-00030558 like his fathers were oriented towards
F2FTA6MwwkY-00141-00030560-00030799 colonial rights adams's life was greatly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00142-00030800-00030983 affected by his father's involvement in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00143-00030983-00031174 a banking controversy
F2FTA6MwwkY-00144-00031175-00031479 in 1739 massachusetts was facing a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00145-00031480-00031679 serious currency shortage and deacon
F2FTA6MwwkY-00146-00031680-00031918 adams and the boston caucus created a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00147-00031919-00032190 land bank which issued paper money to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00148-00032191-00032351 borrowers who mortgage their land as
F2FTA6MwwkY-00149-00032352-00032487 security
F2FTA6MwwkY-00150-00032488-00032702 the land bank was generally supported by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00151-00032703-00032902 the citizenry and the popular party
F2FTA6MwwkY-00152-00032903-00033039 which dominated the house of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00153-00033040-00033239 representatives the lower branch of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00154-00033240-00033383 general court
F2FTA6MwwkY-00155-00033384-00033574 opposition to the land bank came from
F2FTA6MwwkY-00156-00033575-00033855 the more aristocratic court party
F2FTA6MwwkY-00157-00033856-00034007 who were supporters of the royal
F2FTA6MwwkY-00158-00034008-00034174 governor and controlled the governor's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00159-00034175-00034383 council the upper chamber of the general
F2FTA6MwwkY-00160-00034384-00034479 court
F2FTA6MwwkY-00161-00034480-00034671 the court party used its influence to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00162-00034672-00034839 have the british parliament dissolve the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00163-00034840-00035111 land bank in 1741.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00164-00035112-00035302 directors of the land bank including
F2FTA6MwwkY-00165-00035303-00035535 deacon adams became personally liable
F2FTA6MwwkY-00166-00035536-00035735 for the currency still in circulation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00167-00035736-00035959 payable in silver and gold
F2FTA6MwwkY-00168-00035960-00036159 lawsuits over the bank persisted for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00169-00036160-00036374 years even after deacon adams's death
F2FTA6MwwkY-00170-00036375-00036567 and the younger samuel adams often had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00171-00036568-00036767 to defend the family estate from seizure
F2FTA6MwwkY-00172-00036768-00036911 by the government
F2FTA6MwwkY-00173-00036912-00037174 for adams these lawsuits served as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00174-00037175-00037359 constant personal reminder that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00175-00037360-00037567 britain's power over the colonies could
F2FTA6MwwkY-00176-00037568-00037767 be exercised in arbitrary and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00177-00037768-00038487 destructive ways
F2FTA6MwwkY-00178-00038488-00039015 topic early career
F2FTA6MwwkY-00179-00039016-00039335 after leaving harvard in 1743 adams was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00180-00039336-00039535 unsure about his future
F2FTA6MwwkY-00181-00039536-00039727 he considered becoming a lawyer but
F2FTA6MwwkY-00182-00039728-00039990 instead decided to go into business
F2FTA6MwwkY-00183-00039991-00040174 he worked at thomas cushing's counting
F2FTA6MwwkY-00184-00040175-00040383 house but the job only lasted a few
F2FTA6MwwkY-00185-00040384-00040567 months because cushing felt that adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00186-00040568-00040774 was too preoccupied with politics to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00187-00040775-00040958 become a good merchant
F2FTA6MwwkY-00188-00040959-00041135 adams's father then lent him one
F2FTA6MwwkY-00189-00041136-00041318 thousand pounds to go into business for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00190-00041319-00041535 himself a substantial amount for that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00191-00041536-00041623 time
F2FTA6MwwkY-00192-00041624-00041839 adams's lack of business instincts were
F2FTA6MwwkY-00193-00041840-00042039 confirmed he lent half of this money to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00194-00042040-00042230 a friend who never repaid and frittered
F2FTA6MwwkY-00195-00042231-00042399 away the other half
F2FTA6MwwkY-00196-00042400-00042590 adams always remained in the words of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00197-00042591-00042846 historian pauline mayer a man utterly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00198-00042847-00043039 uninterested in either making or
F2FTA6MwwkY-00199-00043040-00043302 possessing money
F2FTA6MwwkY-00200-00043303-00043502 after adams had lost his money his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00201-00043503-00043662 father made him a partner in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00202-00043663-00043855 family's malt house which was next to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00203-00043856-00044095 the family home on purchase street
F2FTA6MwwkY-00204-00044096-00044295 several generations of adams's were
F2FTA6MwwkY-00205-00044296-00044455 maltsters who produced the malt
F2FTA6MwwkY-00206-00044456-00044671 necessary for brewing beer
F2FTA6MwwkY-00207-00044672-00044918 years later a poet poked fun at adams by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00208-00044919-00045183 calling him sam the maltster
F2FTA6MwwkY-00209-00045184-00045367 adams has often been described as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00210-00045368-00045590 brewer but the extant evidence suggests
F2FTA6MwwkY-00211-00045591-00045758 that he worked as a maltster and not a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00212-00045759-00046087 brewer in january 1748 adams and some
F2FTA6MwwkY-00213-00046088-00046246 friends were inflamed by british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00214-00046247-00046430 impressment and launched the independent
F2FTA6MwwkY-00215-00046431-00046655 advertiser a weekly newspaper that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00216-00046656-00046862 printed many political essays written by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00217-00046863-00046967 adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00218-00046968-00047174 his essays drew heavily upon english
F2FTA6MwwkY-00219-00047175-00047374 political theorist john locke's second
F2FTA6MwwkY-00220-00047375-00047511 treatise of government and they
F2FTA6MwwkY-00221-00047512-00047671 emphasized many of the themes that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00222-00047672-00047918 characterized his subsequent career
F2FTA6MwwkY-00223-00047919-00048102 he argued that the people must resist
F2FTA6MwwkY-00224-00048103-00048295 any encroachment on their constitutional
F2FTA6MwwkY-00225-00048296-00048407 rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00226-00048408-00048630 he cited the decline of the roman empire
F2FTA6MwwkY-00227-00048631-00048790 as an example of what could happen to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00228-00048791-00048967 new england if it were to abandon its
F2FTA6MwwkY-00229-00048968-00049227 puritan values when deacon adams died in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00230-00049228-00049527 1748 adams was given the responsibility
F2FTA6MwwkY-00231-00049528-00049774 of managing the family's affairs
F2FTA6MwwkY-00232-00049775-00050079 in october 1749 he married elizabeth
F2FTA6MwwkY-00233-00050080-00050318 checkly his pastor's daughter
F2FTA6MwwkY-00234-00050319-00050527 elizabeth gave birth to six children
F2FTA6MwwkY-00235-00050528-00050735 over the next seven years but only two
F2FTA6MwwkY-00236-00050736-00051071 lived to adulthood samuel born 1751 and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00237-00051072-00051342 hannah born 1756.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00238-00051344-00051687 in july 1757 elizabeth died soon after
F2FTA6MwwkY-00239-00051688-00051926 giving birth to a stillborn son
F2FTA6MwwkY-00240-00051927-00052246 adams remarried in 1764 to elizabeth
F2FTA6MwwkY-00241-00052247-00052454 wells but had no other children like his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00242-00052455-00052654 father adams embarked on a political
F2FTA6MwwkY-00243-00052655-00052823 career with the support of the boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00244-00052824-00052942 caucus
F2FTA6MwwkY-00245-00052944-00053135 he was elected to his first political
F2FTA6MwwkY-00246-00053136-00053423 office in 1747 serving as one of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00247-00053424-00053638 clerks of the boston market
F2FTA6MwwkY-00248-00053639-00053959 in 1756 the boston town meeting elected
F2FTA6MwwkY-00249-00053960-00054150 him to the post of tax collector which
F2FTA6MwwkY-00250-00054151-00054350 provided a small income
F2FTA6MwwkY-00251-00054351-00054542 he often failed to collect taxes from
F2FTA6MwwkY-00252-00054544-00054742 his fellow citizens which increased his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00253-00054744-00054959 popularity among those who did not pay
F2FTA6MwwkY-00254-00054960-00055199 but left him liable for the shortage
F2FTA6MwwkY-00255-00055200-00055494 by 1765 his account was more than eight
F2FTA6MwwkY-00256-00055495-00055694 thousand pounds in arrears
F2FTA6MwwkY-00257-00055695-00055863 the town meeting was on the verge of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00258-00055864-00056063 bankruptcy and adams was compelled to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00259-00056064-00056279 file suit against delinquent taxpayers
F2FTA6MwwkY-00260-00056279-00056526 but many taxes went uncollected
F2FTA6MwwkY-00261-00056527-00056847 in 1768 his political opponents used the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00262-00056848-00057063 situation to their advantage obtaining a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00263-00057064-00057242 court judgment of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00264-00057244-00057494 1463 pounds against him
F2FTA6MwwkY-00265-00057495-00057671 adams's friends paid off some of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00266-00057672-00057854 deficit and the town meeting wrote off
F2FTA6MwwkY-00267-00057855-00057982 the remainder
F2FTA6MwwkY-00268-00057983-00058175 by then he had emerged as a leader of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00269-00058176-00058375 the popular party and the embarrassing
F2FTA6MwwkY-00270-00058376-00059207 situation did not lessen his influence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00271-00059208-00059711 struggle with great britain
F2FTA6MwwkY-00272-00059712-00059919 samuel adams emerged as an important
F2FTA6MwwkY-00273-00059920-00060135 public figure in boston soon after the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00274-00060136-00060335 british empire's victory in the french
F2FTA6MwwkY-00275-00060336-00060759 and indian war 1754-1763
F2FTA6MwwkY-00276-00060760-00060966 the british parliament found itself deep
F2FTA6MwwkY-00277-00060967-00061150 in debt and looking for new sources of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00278-00061151-00061342 revenue and they sought to directly tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00279-00061344-00061542 the colonies of british america for the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00280-00061544-00061671 first time
F2FTA6MwwkY-00281-00061672-00061879 this tax dispute was part of a larger
F2FTA6MwwkY-00282-00061879-00062094 divergence between british and american
F2FTA6MwwkY-00283-00062095-00062238 interpretations of the british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00284-00062239-00062406 constitution and the extent of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00285-00062407-00062791 parliament's authority in the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00286-00062791-00062999 topic sugar act the first step in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00287-00063000-00063319 new program was the sugar act of 1764
F2FTA6MwwkY-00288-00063320-00063503 which adams saw as an infringement of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00289-00063504-00063742 long-standing colonial rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00290-00063744-00063926 colonists were not represented in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00291-00063927-00064119 parliament he argued and therefore they
F2FTA6MwwkY-00292-00064120-00064303 could not be taxed by that body the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00293-00064304-00064471 colonists were represented by the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00294-00064472-00064663 colonial assemblies and only they could
F2FTA6MwwkY-00295-00064664-00064854 levy taxes upon them
F2FTA6MwwkY-00296-00064855-00065175 adams expressed these views in may 1764
F2FTA6MwwkY-00297-00065176-00065366 when the boston town meeting elected its
F2FTA6MwwkY-00298-00065367-00065550 representatives to the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00299-00065551-00065655 house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00300-00065656-00065855 as was customary the town meeting
F2FTA6MwwkY-00301-00065856-00066047 provided the representatives with a set
F2FTA6MwwkY-00302-00066048-00066238 of written instructions which adams was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00303-00066239-00066391 selected to write
F2FTA6MwwkY-00304-00066392-00066575 adams highlighted what he perceived to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00305-00066576-00066750 be the dangers of taxation without
F2FTA6MwwkY-00306-00066751-00066959 representation for if our trade may be
F2FTA6MwwkY-00307-00066960-00067167 taxed why not our lands
F2FTA6MwwkY-00308-00067168-00067343 why not the produce of our lands and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00309-00067344-00067591 everything we possess or make use of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00310-00067592-00067767 this we apprehend annihilates our
F2FTA6MwwkY-00311-00067768-00067926 charter right to govern and tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00312-00067927-00068055 ourselves
F2FTA6MwwkY-00313-00068056-00068255 it strikes at our british privileges
F2FTA6MwwkY-00314-00068256-00068438 which is we have never forfeited them we
F2FTA6MwwkY-00315-00068439-00068631 hold in common with our fellow subjects
F2FTA6MwwkY-00316-00068632-00068887 who are natives of britain if taxes are
F2FTA6MwwkY-00317-00068888-00069079 laid upon us in any shape without are
F2FTA6MwwkY-00318-00069080-00069271 having a legal representation where they
F2FTA6MwwkY-00319-00069272-00069431 are laid are we not reduced from the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00320-00069432-00069591 character of free subjects to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00321-00069592-00069863 miserable state of tributary slaves
F2FTA6MwwkY-00322-00069864-00070038 when the boston town meeting approved
F2FTA6MwwkY-00323-00070039-00070406 the adam's instructions on may 24 1764
F2FTA6MwwkY-00324-00070407-00070647 writes historian john k alexander it
F2FTA6MwwkY-00325-00070648-00070823 became the first political body in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00326-00070824-00070999 america to go on record stating
F2FTA6MwwkY-00327-00071000-00071182 parliament could not constitutionally
F2FTA6MwwkY-00328-00071183-00071359 tax the colonists
F2FTA6MwwkY-00329-00071360-00071582 the directives also contained the first
F2FTA6MwwkY-00330-00071583-00071743 official recommendation that the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00331-00071744-00071950 colonies present a unified defense of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00332-00071951-00072159 their rights adams's instructions were
F2FTA6MwwkY-00333-00072160-00072367 published in newspapers and pamphlets
F2FTA6MwwkY-00334-00072368-00072575 and he soon became closely associated
F2FTA6MwwkY-00335-00072576-00072782 with james otis jr a member of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00336-00072783-00072959 massachusetts house famous for his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00337-00072960-00073175 defense of colonial rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00338-00073176-00073338 otis boldly challenged the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00339-00073339-00073535 constitutionality of certain acts of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00340-00073536-00073726 parliament but he would not go as far as
F2FTA6MwwkY-00341-00073727-00073879 adams who was moving towards the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00342-00073880-00074062 conclusion that parliament did not have
F2FTA6MwwkY-00343-00074063-00074806 sovereignty over the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00344-00074807-00075231 stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00345-00075232-00075550 in 1765 parliament passed the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00346-00075551-00075750 which required colonists to pay a new
F2FTA6MwwkY-00347-00075751-00075999 tax on most printed materials
F2FTA6MwwkY-00348-00076000-00076191 news of the passage of the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00349-00076192-00076431 produced an uproar in the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00350-00076432-00076675 the colonial response echoed adams's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00351-00076676-00077119 1764 instructions in june 1765 otis
F2FTA6MwwkY-00352-00077120-00077294 called for a stamp act congress to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00353-00077295-00077535 coordinate colonial resistance
F2FTA6MwwkY-00354-00077536-00077767 the virginia house of burgesses passed a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00355-00077768-00077982 widely reprinted set of resolves against
F2FTA6MwwkY-00356-00077983-00078175 the stamp act that resembled adams's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00357-00078176-00078406 arguments against the sugar act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00358-00078407-00078611 adams argued that the stamp act was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00359-00078612-00078823 unconstitutional he also believed that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00360-00078824-00078991 it would hurt the economy of the british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00361-00078992-00079111 empire
F2FTA6MwwkY-00362-00079112-00079311 he supported calls for a boycott of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00363-00079312-00079479 british goods to put pressure on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00364-00079480-00079726 parliament to repeal the tax in boston a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00365-00079727-00079926 group called the loyal nine a precursor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00366-00079927-00080111 to the sons of liberty organized
F2FTA6MwwkY-00367-00080112-00080326 protests of the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00368-00080327-00080519 adams was friendly with the loyal nine
F2FTA6MwwkY-00369-00080520-00080694 but was not a member
F2FTA6MwwkY-00370-00080695-00080967 on august 14 stamp distributor andrew
F2FTA6MwwkY-00371-00080968-00081126 oliver was hanged in effigy from
F2FTA6MwwkY-00372-00081127-00081335 boston's liberty tree that night his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00373-00081336-00081503 home was ransacked and his office
F2FTA6MwwkY-00374-00081504-00081631 demolished
F2FTA6MwwkY-00375-00081632-00081911 on august 26 lieutenant governor thomas
F2FTA6MwwkY-00376-00081912-00082103 hutchinson's home was destroyed by an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00377-00082104-00082279 angry crowd
F2FTA6MwwkY-00378-00082280-00082462 officials such as governor francis
F2FTA6MwwkY-00379-00082463-00082647 bernard believed that common people
F2FTA6MwwkY-00380-00082648-00082799 acted only under the direction of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00381-00082800-00082999 agitators and blamed the violence on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00382-00083000-00083111 atoms
F2FTA6MwwkY-00383-00083112-00083303 this interpretation was revived by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00384-00083304-00083535 scholars in the early 20th century who
F2FTA6MwwkY-00385-00083536-00083735 viewed adams as a master of propaganda
F2FTA6MwwkY-00386-00083736-00083926 who manipulated mobs into doing his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00387-00083927-00084031 bidding
F2FTA6MwwkY-00388-00084032-00084271 for example historian john c miller
F2FTA6MwwkY-00389-00084272-00084494 wrote in 1936 in what became the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00390-00084495-00084743 standard biography of adams that adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00391-00084744-00085135 controlled boston with his trained mob
F2FTA6MwwkY-00392-00085136-00085335 some modern scholars have argued that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00393-00085336-00085511 this interpretation is a myth and that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00394-00085512-00085687 there is no evidence that adams had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00395-00085688-00085959 anything to do with the stamp act riots
F2FTA6MwwkY-00396-00085960-00086167 after the fact adams did approve of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00397-00086168-00086391 august 14th action because he saw no
F2FTA6MwwkY-00398-00086392-00086575 other legal options to resist what he
F2FTA6MwwkY-00399-00086576-00086767 viewed as an unconstitutional act by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00400-00086768-00086950 parliament but he condemned attacks on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00401-00086951-00087215 officials homes as mobbish
F2FTA6MwwkY-00402-00087216-00087382 according to the modern scholarly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00403-00087383-00087591 interpretation of adams he supported
F2FTA6MwwkY-00404-00087592-00087799 legal methods of resisting parliamentary
F2FTA6MwwkY-00405-00087800-00088062 taxation such as petitions boycotts and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00406-00088063-00088294 nonviolent demonstrations but he opposed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00407-00088295-00088503 mob violence which he saw as illegal
F2FTA6MwwkY-00408-00088504-00088711 dangerous and counter-productive in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00409-00088712-00089015 september 1765 adams was once again
F2FTA6MwwkY-00410-00089016-00089191 appointed by the boston town meeting to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00411-00089192-00089350 write the instructions for boston's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00412-00089351-00089559 delegation to the massachusetts house of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00413-00089560-00089711 representatives
F2FTA6MwwkY-00414-00089712-00089879 as it turned out he wrote his own
F2FTA6MwwkY-00415-00089880-00090143 instructions on september 27 the town
F2FTA6MwwkY-00416-00090144-00090303 meeting selected him to replace the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00417-00090304-00090518 recently deceased oxenbridge thacker as
F2FTA6MwwkY-00418-00090519-00090718 one of boston's four representatives in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00419-00090719-00090862 the assembly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00420-00090863-00091079 james otis was attending the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00421-00091080-00091303 congress in new york city so adams was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00422-00091304-00091518 the primary author of a series of house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00423-00091519-00091718 resolutions against the stamp act which
F2FTA6MwwkY-00424-00091719-00091894 were more radical than those passed by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00425-00091895-00092094 the stamp act congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-00426-00092095-00092287 adams was one of the first colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00427-00092288-00092494 leaders to argue that mankind possessed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00428-00092495-00092687 certain natural rights that governments
F2FTA6MwwkY-00429-00092688-00092887 could not violate the stamp act was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00430-00092888-00093087 scheduled to go into effect on november
F2FTA6MwwkY-00431-00093088-00093406 1 1765 but it was not enforced because
F2FTA6MwwkY-00432-00093407-00093582 protesters throughout the colonies had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00433-00093583-00093871 compelled stamp distributors to resign
F2FTA6MwwkY-00434-00093872-00094062 eventually british merchants were able
F2FTA6MwwkY-00435-00094063-00094335 to convince parliament to repeal the tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00436-00094336-00094687 by may 16 1766 news of the repeal had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00437-00094688-00094831 reached boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00438-00094832-00094991 there was celebration throughout the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00439-00094992-00095199 city and adams made a public statement
F2FTA6MwwkY-00440-00095200-00095350 of thanks to british merchants for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00441-00095351-00095543 helping their cause the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00442-00095544-00095755 popular party gained ground in the may
F2FTA6MwwkY-00443-00095756-00095982 1766 elections
F2FTA6MwwkY-00444-00095983-00096182 adams was re-elected to the house and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00445-00096183-00096391 selected as its clerk in which position
F2FTA6MwwkY-00446-00096392-00096582 he was responsible for official house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00447-00096583-00096703 papers
F2FTA6MwwkY-00448-00096704-00096894 in the coming years adams used his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00449-00096895-00097079 position as clerk to great effect in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00450-00097080-00097326 promoting his political message
F2FTA6MwwkY-00451-00097327-00097511 joining adams in the house was john
F2FTA6MwwkY-00452-00097512-00097806 hancock a new representative from boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00453-00097807-00098062 hancock was a wealthy merchant perhaps
F2FTA6MwwkY-00454-00098063-00098318 the richest man in massachusetts but a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00455-00098319-00098550 relative newcomer to politics
F2FTA6MwwkY-00456-00098551-00098774 he was initially a protege of atoms and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00457-00098775-00098943 he used his wealth to promote the whig
F2FTA6MwwkY-00458-00098944-00099582 cause
F2FTA6MwwkY-00459-00099583-00100031 townsend acts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00460-00100032-00100206 after the repeal of the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00461-00100207-00100382 parliament took a different approach to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00462-00100383-00100582 raising revenue passing the townsend
F2FTA6MwwkY-00463-00100583-00100871 acts in 1767 which established new
F2FTA6MwwkY-00464-00100872-00101071 duties on various goods imported into
F2FTA6MwwkY-00465-00101072-00101206 the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00466-00101207-00101415 these duties were relatively low because
F2FTA6MwwkY-00467-00101416-00101615 the british ministry wanted to establish
F2FTA6MwwkY-00468-00101616-00101774 the precedent that parliament had the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00469-00101775-00101974 right to impose tariffs on the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00470-00101975-00102135 before raising them
F2FTA6MwwkY-00471-00102136-00102311 revenues from these duties were to be
F2FTA6MwwkY-00472-00102312-00102502 used to pay for governors and judges who
F2FTA6MwwkY-00473-00102503-00102782 would be independent of colonial control
F2FTA6MwwkY-00474-00102783-00102999 to enforce compliance with the new laws
F2FTA6MwwkY-00475-00103000-00103206 the townsend acts created a customs
F2FTA6MwwkY-00476-00103207-00103399 agency known as the american board of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00477-00103400-00103551 custom commissioners which was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00478-00103552-00103751 headquartered in boston resistance to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00479-00103752-00103982 the townsend acts grew slowly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00480-00103983-00104175 the general court was not in session
F2FTA6MwwkY-00481-00104176-00104375 when news of the acts reached boston in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00482-00104376-00104630 october 1767.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00483-00104631-00104830 adams therefore used the boston town
F2FTA6MwwkY-00484-00104831-00105054 meeting to organize an economic boycott
F2FTA6MwwkY-00485-00105055-00105223 and called for other towns to do the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00486-00105224-00105319 same
F2FTA6MwwkY-00487-00105320-00105663 by february 1768 towns in massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00488-00105664-00105854 rhode island and connecticut had joined
F2FTA6MwwkY-00489-00105855-00105990 the boycott
F2FTA6MwwkY-00490-00105991-00106215 opposition to the townsend acts was also
F2FTA6MwwkY-00491-00106216-00106407 encouraged by letters from a farmer in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00492-00106408-00106663 pennsylvania a series of popular essays
F2FTA6MwwkY-00493-00106664-00106823 by john dickinson which started
F2FTA6MwwkY-00494-00106824-00107127 appearing in december 1767.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00495-00107128-00107334 dickinson's argument that the new taxes
F2FTA6MwwkY-00496-00107335-00107519 were unconstitutional had been made
F2FTA6MwwkY-00497-00107520-00107758 before by adams but never to such a wide
F2FTA6MwwkY-00498-00107759-00108023 audience in january 1760 the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00499-00108024-00108223 massachusetts house sent a petition to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00500-00108224-00108454 king george asking for his help
F2FTA6MwwkY-00501-00108455-00108671 adams and otis requested that the house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00502-00108672-00108871 send the petition to the other colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00503-00108872-00109015 along with what became known as the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00504-00109016-00109207 massachusetts circular letter which
F2FTA6MwwkY-00505-00109208-00109463 became a significant milestone on the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00506-00109464-00109663 road to revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-00507-00109664-00109847 the letter written by adams called on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00508-00109848-00110054 the colonies to join with massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00509-00110055-00110278 in resisting the towns and acts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00510-00110279-00110454 the house initially voted against
F2FTA6MwwkY-00511-00110455-00110623 sending the letter and petition to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00512-00110624-00110783 other colonies but after some
F2FTA6MwwkY-00513-00110783-00110999 politicking by adams and otis it was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00514-00111000-00111254 approved on february 11 british colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00515-00111255-00111463 secretary lord hillsborough hoping to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00516-00111464-00111631 prevent a repeat of the stamp act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00517-00111632-00111815 congress instructed the colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00518-00111816-00111999 governors in america to dissolve the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00519-00112000-00112151 assemblies if they responded to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00520-00112152-00112375 massachusetts circular letter
F2FTA6MwwkY-00521-00112376-00112607 he also directed massachusetts governor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00522-00112608-00112734 francis bernard to have the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00523-00112735-00112990 massachusetts house rescind the letter
F2FTA6MwwkY-00524-00112991-00113223 on june 30 the house refused to rescind
F2FTA6MwwkY-00525-00113224-00113527 the letter by a vote of 92-17 with adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00526-00113528-00113671 citing their right to petition as
F2FTA6MwwkY-00527-00113672-00113823 justification
F2FTA6MwwkY-00528-00113824-00113990 far from complying with the governor's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00529-00113991-00114190 order adams instead presented a new
F2FTA6MwwkY-00530-00114191-00114351 petition to the king asking that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00531-00114352-00114631 governor bernard be removed from office
F2FTA6MwwkY-00532-00114632-00114815 bernard responded by dissolving the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00533-00114816-00114990 legislature the commissioners of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00534-00114991-00115151 customs board found that they were
F2FTA6MwwkY-00535-00115152-00115366 unable to enforce trade regulations in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00536-00115367-00115566 boston so they requested military
F2FTA6MwwkY-00537-00115567-00115695 assistance
F2FTA6MwwkY-00538-00115696-00115951 help came in the form of hms romney a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00539-00115952-00116183 50-gun warship which arrived in boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00540-00116183-00116454 harbor in may 1768.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00541-00116455-00116663 tensions escalated after the captain of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00542-00116664-00116951 romney began to impress local sailors
F2FTA6MwwkY-00543-00116952-00117207 the situation exploded on june 10 when
F2FTA6MwwkY-00544-00117208-00117439 customs officials seized liberty a sloop
F2FTA6MwwkY-00545-00117440-00117695 owned by john hancock a leading critic
F2FTA6MwwkY-00546-00117696-00117839 of the customs board
F2FTA6MwwkY-00547-00117840-00118102 for alleged customs violations
F2FTA6MwwkY-00548-00118103-00118286 sailors and marines came ashore from
F2FTA6MwwkY-00549-00118288-00118502 romney to tow away liberty and a riot
F2FTA6MwwkY-00550-00118503-00118623 broke out
F2FTA6MwwkY-00551-00118624-00118831 things calmed down in the following days
F2FTA6MwwkY-00552-00118832-00119039 but fearful customs officials packed up
F2FTA6MwwkY-00553-00119040-00119223 their families and fled for protection
F2FTA6MwwkY-00554-00119224-00119415 to romney and eventually to castle
F2FTA6MwwkY-00555-00119416-00119615 william an island fort in the harbor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00556-00119616-00119790 governor bernard wrote to london in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00557-00119791-00119983 response to the liberty incident and the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00558-00119983-00120151 struggle over the circular letter
F2FTA6MwwkY-00559-00120152-00120351 informing his superiors that troops were
F2FTA6MwwkY-00560-00120352-00120631 needed in boston to restore order lord
F2FTA6MwwkY-00561-00120632-00120823 hillsborough ordered four regiments of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00562-00120824-00121527 the british army to boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00563-00121528-00122039 boston under occupation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00564-00122040-00122207 learning that british troops were on the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00565-00122208-00122399 way the boston town meeting met on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00566-00122400-00122702 september 12 1768 and requested that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00567-00122703-00122878 governor bernard convene the general
F2FTA6MwwkY-00568-00122879-00122975 court
F2FTA6MwwkY-00569-00122976-00123175 bernard refused so the town meeting
F2FTA6MwwkY-00570-00123176-00123358 called on the other massachusetts towns
F2FTA6MwwkY-00571-00123359-00123527 to send representatives to meet at
F2FTA6MwwkY-00572-00123528-00123847 faneuil hall beginning on september 22.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00573-00123848-00124086 about 100 towns sent delegates to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00574-00124088-00124271 convention which was effectively an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00575-00124272-00124463 unofficial session of the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00576-00124464-00124566 house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00577-00124567-00124751 the convention issued a letter which
F2FTA6MwwkY-00578-00124752-00124966 insisted that boston was not a lawless
F2FTA6MwwkY-00579-00124967-00125158 town using language more moderate than
F2FTA6MwwkY-00580-00125159-00125327 what adams desired and that the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00581-00125328-00125566 impending military occupation violated
F2FTA6MwwkY-00582-00125567-00125807 bostonian's natural constitutional and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00583-00125808-00125951 charter rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00584-00125952-00126095 by the time that the convention
F2FTA6MwwkY-00585-00126096-00126302 adjourned british troop transports had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00586-00126303-00126519 arrived in boston harbor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00587-00126520-00126754 two regiments disembarked in october
F2FTA6MwwkY-00588-00126755-00127047 1768 followed by two more in november
F2FTA6MwwkY-00589-00127048-00127190 according to some accounts the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00590-00127191-00127407 occupation of boston was a turning point
F2FTA6MwwkY-00591-00127408-00127614 for adams after which he gave up hope of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00592-00127615-00127814 reconciliation and secretly began to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00593-00127815-00128063 work towards american independence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00594-00128064-00128295 however historian carl becker wrote in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00595-00128296-00128599 1928 that there is no clear evidence in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00596-00128600-00128823 his contemporary writings that such was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00597-00128824-00129151 the case nevertheless the traditional
F2FTA6MwwkY-00598-00129152-00129319 standard view of adams is that he
F2FTA6MwwkY-00599-00129320-00129519 desired independence before most of his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00600-00129520-00129686 contemporaries and steadily worked
F2FTA6MwwkY-00601-00129688-00129895 towards this goal for years
F2FTA6MwwkY-00602-00129896-00130110 historian pauline mayer challenged that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00603-00130111-00130407 idea in 1980 arguing instead that adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00604-00130408-00130607 like most of his peers did not embrace
F2FTA6MwwkY-00605-00130608-00130790 independence until after the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-00606-00130791-00131175 revolutionary war had begun in 1775.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00607-00131176-00131383 according to mayer adams at this time
F2FTA6MwwkY-00608-00131384-00131527 was a reformer rather than a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00609-00131528-00131695 revolutionary he sought to have the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00610-00131696-00131911 british ministry change its policies and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00611-00131912-00132078 warned britain that independence would
F2FTA6MwwkY-00612-00132079-00132287 be the inevitable result of a failure to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00613-00132288-00132519 do so adams wrote numerous letters and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00614-00132520-00132735 essays in opposition to the occupation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00615-00132736-00132919 which he considered a violation of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00616-00132920-00133166 1689 bill of rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00617-00133167-00133383 the occupation was publicized throughout
F2FTA6MwwkY-00618-00133384-00133519 the colonies in the journal of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00619-00133520-00133727 occurrences an unsigned series of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00620-00133728-00133902 newspaper articles that may have been
F2FTA6MwwkY-00621-00133903-00134095 written by atoms in collaboration with
F2FTA6MwwkY-00622-00134096-00134199 others
F2FTA6MwwkY-00623-00134200-00134375 the journal presented what it claimed to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00624-00134376-00134590 be a factual daily account of events in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00625-00134591-00134831 boston during the military occupation an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00626-00134832-00135007 innovative approach in an era without
F2FTA6MwwkY-00627-00135008-00135247 professional newspaper reporters
F2FTA6MwwkY-00628-00135248-00135502 it depicted a boston besieged by unruly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00629-00135503-00135702 british soldiers who assaulted men and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00630-00135703-00135943 raped women with regularity and impunity
F2FTA6MwwkY-00631-00135944-00136078 drawing upon the traditional
F2FTA6MwwkY-00632-00136079-00136295 anglo-american distrust of standing
F2FTA6MwwkY-00633-00136296-00136543 armies garrisoned among civilians
F2FTA6MwwkY-00634-00136544-00136766 the journal ceased publication on august
F2FTA6MwwkY-00635-00136767-00137111 1 1769 which was a day of celebration in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00636-00137112-00137302 boston governor bernard had left
F2FTA6MwwkY-00637-00137303-00137535 massachusetts never to return adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00638-00137536-00137702 continued to work on getting the troops
F2FTA6MwwkY-00639-00137703-00137895 withdrawn and keeping the boycott going
F2FTA6MwwkY-00640-00137896-00138159 until the towns and duties were repealed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00641-00138160-00138359 two regiments were removed from boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00642-00138360-00138711 in 1769 but the other two remained
F2FTA6MwwkY-00643-00138712-00138935 tensions between soldiers and civilians
F2FTA6MwwkY-00644-00138936-00139111 eventually resulted in the killing of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00645-00139112-00139335 five civilians in the boston massacre of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00646-00139336-00139551 march 1770.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00647-00139552-00139751 according to the propagandist
F2FTA6MwwkY-00648-00139752-00140047 interpretation of atoms popularized by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00649-00140048-00140287 historian john miller adams deliberately
F2FTA6MwwkY-00650-00140288-00140447 provoked the incident to promote his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00651-00140448-00140735 secret agenda of american independence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00652-00140736-00140975 according to pauline mayer however there
F2FTA6MwwkY-00653-00140976-00141166 is no evidence that he prompted the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00654-00141167-00141375 boston massacre riot
F2FTA6MwwkY-00655-00141376-00141590 after the boston massacre adams and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00656-00141591-00141775 other town leaders met with bernard's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00657-00141776-00141999 successor governor thomas hutchinson and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00658-00142000-00142207 with colonel william dalrymple the army
F2FTA6MwwkY-00659-00142208-00142383 commander to demand the withdrawal of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00660-00142384-00142502 the troops
F2FTA6MwwkY-00661-00142503-00142743 the situation remained explosive and so
F2FTA6MwwkY-00662-00142744-00142895 dalrymple agreed to remove both
F2FTA6MwwkY-00663-00142896-00143111 regiments to castle william
F2FTA6MwwkY-00664-00143112-00143319 adams wanted the soldiers to have a fair
F2FTA6MwwkY-00665-00143320-00143478 trial because this would show that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00666-00143479-00143678 boston was not controlled by a lawless
F2FTA6MwwkY-00667-00143679-00143863 mob but was instead the victim of an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00668-00143864-00144039 unjust occupation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00669-00144040-00144247 he convinced his cousins john adams and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00670-00144248-00144478 josiah quincy to defend the soldiers
F2FTA6MwwkY-00671-00144479-00144614 knowing that those whigs would not
F2FTA6MwwkY-00672-00144615-00144854 slander boston to gain an acquittal
F2FTA6MwwkY-00673-00144855-00145071 however adams wrote essays condemning
F2FTA6MwwkY-00674-00145072-00145247 the outcome of the trials he thought
F2FTA6MwwkY-00675-00145248-00145366 that the soldiers should have been
F2FTA6MwwkY-00676-00145367-00146111 convicted of murder
F2FTA6MwwkY-00677-00146112-00146614 quiet period
F2FTA6MwwkY-00678-00146615-00146839 after the boston massacre politics in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00679-00146840-00147039 massachusetts entered what is sometimes
F2FTA6MwwkY-00680-00147040-00147295 known as the quiet period
F2FTA6MwwkY-00681-00147296-00147566 in april 1770 parliament repealed the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00682-00147567-00147775 towns and duties except for the tax on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00683-00147776-00147878 tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00684-00147879-00148078 adams urged colonists to keep up the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00685-00148079-00148287 boycott of british goods arguing that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00686-00148288-00148487 paying even one small tax allowed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00687-00148488-00148687 parliament to establish the precedent of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00688-00148688-00148871 taxing the colonies but the boycott
F2FTA6MwwkY-00689-00148872-00148983 faltered
F2FTA6MwwkY-00690-00148984-00149231 as economic conditions improved support
F2FTA6MwwkY-00691-00149232-00149583 waned for adams's causes in 1770 first
F2FTA6MwwkY-00692-00149584-00149759 new york city then philadelphia
F2FTA6MwwkY-00693-00149760-00149975 abandoned the non-importation boycott of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00694-00149976-00150126 british goods
F2FTA6MwwkY-00695-00150127-00150254 faced with the risk of being
F2FTA6MwwkY-00696-00150255-00150463 economically ruined boston merchants
F2FTA6MwwkY-00697-00150464-00150583 agreed to generally end the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00698-00150584-00150807 non-importation and effectively defeated
F2FTA6MwwkY-00699-00150808-00151102 samuel adams cause in massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00700-00151103-00151326 john adams withdrew from politics while
F2FTA6MwwkY-00701-00151327-00151535 john hancock and james otis appeared to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00702-00151536-00151702 become more moderate
F2FTA6MwwkY-00703-00151703-00151887 samuel adams was re-elected to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00704-00151888-00152223 massachusetts house in april 1772 but he
F2FTA6MwwkY-00705-00152224-00152399 received far fewer votes than ever
F2FTA6MwwkY-00706-00152400-00152543 before
F2FTA6MwwkY-00707-00152544-00152726 a struggle over the power of the purse
F2FTA6MwwkY-00708-00152727-00152911 brought adams back into the political
F2FTA6MwwkY-00709-00152912-00153031 limelight
F2FTA6MwwkY-00710-00153032-00153247 traditionally the massachusetts house of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00711-00153248-00153454 representatives paid the salaries of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00712-00153455-00153631 governor lieutenant governor and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00713-00153632-00153831 superior court judges
F2FTA6MwwkY-00714-00153832-00153983 from the wig perspective this
F2FTA6MwwkY-00715-00153984-00154166 arrangement was an important check on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00716-00154167-00154359 executive power keeping royally
F2FTA6MwwkY-00717-00154360-00154526 appointed officials accountable to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00718-00154527-00154814 democratically elected representatives
F2FTA6MwwkY-00719-00154815-00155135 in 1772 massachusetts learned that those
F2FTA6MwwkY-00720-00155136-00155311 officials would henceforth be paid by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00721-00155312-00155463 the british government rather than by
F2FTA6MwwkY-00722-00155464-00155759 the province to protest this development
F2FTA6MwwkY-00723-00155760-00155943 adams and his colleagues devised a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00724-00155944-00156135 system of committees of correspondence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00725-00156136-00156390 in november 1772. the towns of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00726-00156391-00156566 massachusetts would consult with each
F2FTA6MwwkY-00727-00156567-00156759 other concerning political matters via
F2FTA6MwwkY-00728-00156760-00156911 messages sent through a network of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00729-00156912-00157071 committees that recorded british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00730-00157072-00157271 activities and protested imperial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00731-00157272-00157399 policies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00732-00157400-00157607 committees of correspondence soon formed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00733-00157608-00157854 in other colonies as well
F2FTA6MwwkY-00734-00157855-00158047 governor hutchinson became concerned
F2FTA6MwwkY-00735-00158048-00158207 that the committees of correspondence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00736-00158208-00158359 were growing into an independence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00737-00158360-00158526 movement so he convened the general
F2FTA6MwwkY-00738-00158527-00158839 court in january 1773.
F2FTA6MwwkY-00739-00158840-00159047 addressing the legislature hutchinson
F2FTA6MwwkY-00740-00159048-00159239 argued that denying the supremacy of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00741-00159240-00159431 parliament as some committees had done
F2FTA6MwwkY-00742-00159432-00159654 came dangerously close to rebellion i
F2FTA6MwwkY-00743-00159655-00159911 know of no line that can be drawn
F2FTA6MwwkY-00744-00159912-00160175 he said between the supreme authority of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00745-00160176-00160399 parliament and the total independence of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00746-00160400-00160583 the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00747-00160584-00160766 adams and the house responded that the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00748-00160767-00160975 massachusetts charter did not establish
F2FTA6MwwkY-00749-00160976-00161190 parliament's supremacy over the province
F2FTA6MwwkY-00750-00161191-00161359 and so parliament could not claim that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00751-00161360-00161502 authority now
F2FTA6MwwkY-00752-00161503-00161687 hutchinson soon realized that he had
F2FTA6MwwkY-00753-00161688-00161887 made a major blunder by initiating a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00754-00161888-00162095 public debate about independence and the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00755-00162096-00162271 extent of parliament's authority in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00756-00162272-00162390 colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00757-00162391-00162599 the boston committee of correspondence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00758-00162600-00162775 published its statement of colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00759-00162776-00162959 rights along with hutchinson's exchange
F2FTA6MwwkY-00760-00162960-00163126 with the massachusetts house in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00761-00163127-00163431 widely distributed boston pamphlet the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00762-00163432-00163702 quiet period in massachusetts was over
F2FTA6MwwkY-00763-00163703-00163878 adams was easily re-elected to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00764-00163879-00164207 massachusetts house in may 1773 and was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00765-00164208-00164423 also elected as moderator of the boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00766-00164424-00164551 town meeting
F2FTA6MwwkY-00767-00164552-00164895 in june 1773 adams introduced a set of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00768-00164896-00165078 private letters to the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00769-00165079-00165254 house written by hutchinson several
F2FTA6MwwkY-00770-00165255-00165543 years earlier in one letter hutchinson
F2FTA6MwwkY-00771-00165544-00165702 recommended to london that there should
F2FTA6MwwkY-00772-00165703-00165919 be an abridgement of what are called
F2FTA6MwwkY-00773-00165920-00166087 english liberties
F2FTA6MwwkY-00774-00166088-00166326 in massachusetts hutchinson denied that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00775-00166327-00166502 this is what he meant but his career in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00776-00166503-00166766 massachusetts was effectively over
F2FTA6MwwkY-00777-00166767-00166951 the house sent a petition to the king
F2FTA6MwwkY-00778-00166952-00167663 asking for his recall
F2FTA6MwwkY-00779-00167664-00168087 tea party
F2FTA6MwwkY-00780-00168088-00168295 adams took a leading role in the events
F2FTA6MwwkY-00781-00168296-00168478 that led up to the famous boston tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00782-00168479-00168823 party of december 16 1773 although the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00783-00168824-00169007 precise nature of his involvement has
F2FTA6MwwkY-00784-00169008-00169175 been disputed
F2FTA6MwwkY-00785-00169176-00169478 in may 1773 the british parliament
F2FTA6MwwkY-00786-00169479-00169687 passed the tea act a tax law to help the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00787-00169688-00169887 struggling east india company one of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00788-00169888-00170031 great britain's most important
F2FTA6MwwkY-00789-00170032-00170231 commercial institutions
F2FTA6MwwkY-00790-00170232-00170407 britons could buy smuggled dutch tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00791-00170408-00170566 more cheaply than the east india
F2FTA6MwwkY-00792-00170567-00170783 company's tea because of the heavy taxes
F2FTA6MwwkY-00793-00170784-00170959 imposed on tea imported into great
F2FTA6MwwkY-00794-00170960-00171143 britain and so the company amassed a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00795-00171144-00171326 huge surplus of tea that it could not
F2FTA6MwwkY-00796-00171327-00171423 sell
F2FTA6MwwkY-00797-00171424-00171614 the british government's solution to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00798-00171615-00171790 problem was to sell the surplus in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00799-00171791-00171919 colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00800-00171920-00172102 the tea act permitted the east india
F2FTA6MwwkY-00801-00172103-00172302 company to export tea directly to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00802-00172303-00172511 colonies for the first time bypassing
F2FTA6MwwkY-00803-00172512-00172702 most of the merchants who had previously
F2FTA6MwwkY-00804-00172703-00172863 acted as middlemen
F2FTA6MwwkY-00805-00172864-00173007 this measure was a threat to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00806-00173008-00173214 american colonial economy because it
F2FTA6MwwkY-00807-00173215-00173407 granted the tea company a significant
F2FTA6MwwkY-00808-00173408-00173631 cost advantage over local tea merchants
F2FTA6MwwkY-00809-00173632-00173831 and even local tea smugglers driving
F2FTA6MwwkY-00810-00173832-00173990 them out of business
F2FTA6MwwkY-00811-00173991-00174214 the act also reduced the taxes on tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00812-00174215-00174399 paid by the company in britain but kept
F2FTA6MwwkY-00813-00174400-00174607 the controversial towns and duty on tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00814-00174608-00174799 imported in the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00815-00174800-00175038 a few merchants in new york philadelphia
F2FTA6MwwkY-00816-00175039-00175254 boston and charlestown were selected to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00817-00175255-00175519 receive the company's tea for resale
F2FTA6MwwkY-00818-00175520-00175838 in late 1773 seven ships were sent to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00819-00175839-00176054 the colonies carrying east india company
F2FTA6MwwkY-00820-00176055-00176302 t including four bound for boston news
F2FTA6MwwkY-00821-00176303-00176511 of the tea act set off a firestorm of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00822-00176512-00176711 protest in the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00823-00176712-00176935 this was not a dispute about high taxes
F2FTA6MwwkY-00824-00176936-00177135 the price of legally imported tea was
F2FTA6MwwkY-00825-00177136-00177366 actually reduced by the tea act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00826-00177367-00177566 protesters were instead concerned with a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00827-00177567-00177878 variety of other issues the familiar no
F2FTA6MwwkY-00828-00177879-00178143 taxation without representation
F2FTA6MwwkY-00829-00178144-00178326 argument remained prominent along with
F2FTA6MwwkY-00830-00178327-00178463 the question of the extent of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00831-00178464-00178719 parliament's authority in the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-00832-00178720-00178911 some colonists worried that by buying
F2FTA6MwwkY-00833-00178912-00179087 the cheaper tea they would be conceding
F2FTA6MwwkY-00834-00179088-00179254 that parliament had the right to tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00835-00179255-00179583 them the power of the purse
F2FTA6MwwkY-00836-00179584-00179838 conflict was still at issue the t tax
F2FTA6MwwkY-00837-00179839-00179999 revenues were to be used to pay the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00838-00180000-00180199 salaries of certain royal officials
F2FTA6MwwkY-00839-00180200-00180438 making them independent of the people
F2FTA6MwwkY-00840-00180439-00180654 colonial smugglers played a significant
F2FTA6MwwkY-00841-00180655-00180895 role in the protests since the teac made
F2FTA6MwwkY-00842-00180896-00181078 legally imported tea cheaper which
F2FTA6MwwkY-00843-00181079-00181271 threatened to put smugglers of dutch tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00844-00181272-00181423 out of business
F2FTA6MwwkY-00845-00181424-00181607 legitimate tea importers who had not
F2FTA6MwwkY-00846-00181608-00181790 been named as consignees by the east
F2FTA6MwwkY-00847-00181791-00181983 india company were also threatened with
F2FTA6MwwkY-00848-00181984-00182190 financial ruin by the tea act and other
F2FTA6MwwkY-00849-00182191-00182366 merchants worried about the precedent of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00850-00182367-00182631 a government-created monopoly
F2FTA6MwwkY-00851-00182632-00182831 adams and the correspondence committees
F2FTA6MwwkY-00852-00182832-00183071 promoted opposition to the tea act in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00853-00183072-00183278 every colony except massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00854-00183279-00183463 protesters were able to force the t
F2FTA6MwwkY-00855-00183464-00183678 consonaes to resign or to return the tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00856-00183679-00183807 to england
F2FTA6MwwkY-00857-00183808-00184031 in boston however governor hutchinson
F2FTA6MwwkY-00858-00184032-00184254 was determined to hold his ground
F2FTA6MwwkY-00859-00184255-00184478 he convinced the t consonaes two of whom
F2FTA6MwwkY-00860-00184479-00184711 were his sons not to back down
F2FTA6MwwkY-00861-00184712-00184895 the boston caucus and then the town
F2FTA6MwwkY-00862-00184896-00185031 meeting attempted to compel the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00863-00185032-00185319 consignees to resign but they refused
F2FTA6MwwkY-00864-00185320-00185535 with the tea ships about to arrive adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-00865-00185536-00185654 and the boston committee of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00866-00185655-00185838 correspondents contacted nearby
F2FTA6MwwkY-00867-00185839-00186054 committees to rally support the t-ship
F2FTA6MwwkY-00868-00186055-00186254 dartmouth arrived in the boston harbour
F2FTA6MwwkY-00869-00186255-00186431 in late november and adams wrote a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00870-00186432-00186607 circular letter calling for a mass
F2FTA6MwwkY-00871-00186608-00186775 meeting to be held at faneuil hall on
F2FTA6MwwkY-00872-00186776-00186950 november 29th
F2FTA6MwwkY-00873-00186951-00187166 thousands of people arrived so many that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00874-00187167-00187343 the meeting was moved to the larger old
F2FTA6MwwkY-00875-00187344-00187519 south meeting house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00876-00187520-00187711 british law required the dartmouth to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00877-00187712-00187943 unload and pay the duties within 20 days
F2FTA6MwwkY-00878-00187944-00188135 or customs officials could confiscate
F2FTA6MwwkY-00879-00188136-00188271 the cargo
F2FTA6MwwkY-00880-00188272-00188463 the mass meeting passed a resolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-00881-00188464-00188671 introduced by adams urging the captain
F2FTA6MwwkY-00882-00188672-00188838 of the dartmouth to send the ship back
F2FTA6MwwkY-00883-00188839-00189063 without paying the import duty
F2FTA6MwwkY-00884-00189064-00189311 meanwhile the meeting assigned 25 men to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00885-00189312-00189487 watch the ship and prevent the tea from
F2FTA6MwwkY-00886-00189488-00189678 being unloaded.governor hutchinson
F2FTA6MwwkY-00887-00189679-00189831 refused to grant permission for the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00888-00189832-00189983 dartmouth to leave without paying the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00889-00189984-00190095 duty
F2FTA6MwwkY-00890-00190096-00190302 two more tea ships arrived in boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00891-00190303-00190543 harbor the eleanor and the beaver
F2FTA6MwwkY-00892-00190544-00190750 the fourth ship the william was stranded
F2FTA6MwwkY-00893-00190751-00190926 near cape cod and never arrived to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00894-00190927-00191047 boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00895-00191048-00191271 december 16 was the last day of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00896-00191272-00191511 dartmouth's deadline and about 7 000
F2FTA6MwwkY-00897-00191512-00191671 people gathered around the old south
F2FTA6MwwkY-00898-00191672-00191823 meeting house
F2FTA6MwwkY-00899-00191824-00192014 adams received a report that governor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00900-00192015-00192207 hutchinson had again refused to let the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00901-00192208-00192407 ships leave and he announced this
F2FTA6MwwkY-00902-00192408-00192607 meeting can do nothing further to save
F2FTA6MwwkY-00903-00192608-00192743 the country
F2FTA6MwwkY-00904-00192744-00192966 according to a popular story adams's
F2FTA6MwwkY-00905-00192967-00193150 statement was a pre-arranged signal for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00906-00193151-00193495 the tea party to begin however this
F2FTA6MwwkY-00907-00193496-00193678 claim did not appear in print until
F2FTA6MwwkY-00908-00193679-00193878 nearly a century after the event in a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00909-00193879-00194063 biography of atoms written by his
F2FTA6MwwkY-00910-00194064-00194223 great-grandson who apparently
F2FTA6MwwkY-00911-00194224-00194431 misinterpreted the evidence
F2FTA6MwwkY-00912-00194432-00194631 according to eyewitness accounts people
F2FTA6MwwkY-00913-00194632-00194854 did not leave the meeting until 10 or 15
F2FTA6MwwkY-00914-00194855-00195150 minutes after adams is alleged signal
F2FTA6MwwkY-00915-00195151-00195366 and adams in fact tried to stop people
F2FTA6MwwkY-00916-00195367-00195535 from leaving because the meeting was not
F2FTA6MwwkY-00917-00195536-00195743 yet over while adams tried to reassert
F2FTA6MwwkY-00918-00195744-00195926 control of the meeting people poured out
F2FTA6MwwkY-00919-00195927-00196087 of the old south meeting house and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00920-00196088-00196295 headed to boston harbor
F2FTA6MwwkY-00921-00196296-00196599 that evening a group of 30 to 130 men
F2FTA6MwwkY-00922-00196600-00196790 boarded the three vessels some of them
F2FTA6MwwkY-00923-00196791-00197007 thinly disguised as mohawk indians and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00924-00197008-00197287 dumped all 342 chests of tea into the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00925-00197288-00197543 water over the course of three hours
F2FTA6MwwkY-00926-00197544-00197735 adams never revealed whether he went to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00927-00197736-00197902 the wharf to witness the destruction of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00928-00197903-00198023 the tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00929-00198024-00198207 whether or not he helped plan the event
F2FTA6MwwkY-00930-00198208-00198423 is unknown but adams immediately worked
F2FTA6MwwkY-00931-00198424-00198631 to publicize and defend it
F2FTA6MwwkY-00932-00198632-00198831 he argued that the tea party was not the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00933-00198832-00199038 act of a lawless mob but was instead a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00934-00199039-00199207 principled protest and the only
F2FTA6MwwkY-00935-00199208-00199383 remaining option that the people had to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00936-00199384-00200183 defend their constitutional rights
F2FTA6MwwkY-00937-00200184-00200631 revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-00938-00200632-00200823 great britain responded to the boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00939-00200824-00201223 tea party in 1774 with the coercive acts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00940-00201224-00201414 the first of these acts was the boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-00941-00201415-00201638 port act which closed boston's commerce
F2FTA6MwwkY-00942-00201639-00201814 until the east india company had been
F2FTA6MwwkY-00943-00201815-00202031 repaid for the destroyed tea
F2FTA6MwwkY-00944-00202032-00202238 the massachusetts government act rewrote
F2FTA6MwwkY-00945-00202239-00202454 the massachusetts charter making many
F2FTA6MwwkY-00946-00202455-00202647 officials royally appointed rather than
F2FTA6MwwkY-00947-00202648-00202831 elected and severely restricting the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00948-00202832-00203047 activities of town meetings
F2FTA6MwwkY-00949-00203048-00203238 the administration of justice act
F2FTA6MwwkY-00950-00203239-00203447 allowed colonists charged with crimes to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00951-00203448-00203654 be transported to another colony or to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00952-00203655-00203838 great britain for trial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00953-00203839-00204031 a new royal governor was appointed to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00954-00204032-00204278 enforce the acts general thomas gage who
F2FTA6MwwkY-00955-00204279-00204495 was also commander of british military
F2FTA6MwwkY-00956-00204496-00204711 forces in north america adams worked to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00957-00204712-00204903 coordinate resistance to the coercive
F2FTA6MwwkY-00958-00204904-00205006 acts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00959-00205007-00205334 in may 1774 the boston town meeting with
F2FTA6MwwkY-00960-00205335-00205558 adams serving as moderator organized an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00961-00205559-00205823 economic boycott of british goods
F2FTA6MwwkY-00962-00205823-00206031 in june adams headed a committee in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00963-00206032-00206255 massachusetts house with the doors
F2FTA6MwwkY-00964-00206256-00206423 locked to prevent gage from dissolving
F2FTA6MwwkY-00965-00206423-00206662 the legislature which proposed that an
F2FTA6MwwkY-00966-00206663-00206823 inter-colonial congress meet in
F2FTA6MwwkY-00967-00206823-00207038 philadelphia in september
F2FTA6MwwkY-00968-00207039-00207238 he was one of five delegates chosen to
F2FTA6MwwkY-00969-00207239-00207510 attend the first continental congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-00970-00207511-00207727 adams was never fashionably dressed and
F2FTA6MwwkY-00971-00207728-00207903 had little money so friends bought him
F2FTA6MwwkY-00972-00207904-00208103 new clothes and paid his expenses for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00973-00208104-00208303 the journey to philadelphia his first
F2FTA6MwwkY-00974-00208304-00209062 trip outside of massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00975-00209063-00209582 first continental congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-00976-00209583-00209831 in philadelphia adams promoted colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-00977-00209832-00210031 unity while using his political skills
F2FTA6MwwkY-00978-00210032-00210367 to lobby other delegates on september 16
F2FTA6MwwkY-00979-00210367-00210558 messenger paul revere brought congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-00980-00210559-00210734 the suffolk resolves one of many
F2FTA6MwwkY-00981-00210735-00210958 resolutions passed in massachusetts that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00982-00210959-00211127 promised strident resistance to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00983-00211128-00211294 coercive acts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00984-00211296-00211503 congress endorsed the suffolk resolves
F2FTA6MwwkY-00985-00211504-00211679 issued a declaration of rights that
F2FTA6MwwkY-00986-00211680-00211871 denied parliament's right to legislate
F2FTA6MwwkY-00987-00211871-00212031 for the colonies and organized a
F2FTA6MwwkY-00988-00212032-00212182 colonial boycott known as the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00989-00212183-00212415 continental association adams returned
F2FTA6MwwkY-00990-00212416-00212734 to massachusetts in november 1774 where
F2FTA6MwwkY-00991-00212735-00212879 he served in the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-00992-00212880-00213071 provincial congress an extra-legal
F2FTA6MwwkY-00993-00213071-00213294 legislative body independent of british
F2FTA6MwwkY-00994-00213296-00213415 control
F2FTA6MwwkY-00995-00213416-00213598 the provincial congress created the
F2FTA6MwwkY-00996-00213600-00213815 first minute men companies consisting of
F2FTA6MwwkY-00997-00213816-00213975 militiamen who were to be ready for
F2FTA6MwwkY-00998-00213976-00214191 action on a moment's notice
F2FTA6MwwkY-00999-00214192-00214398 adams also served as moderator of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01000-00214400-00214575 boston town meeting which convened
F2FTA6MwwkY-01001-00214576-00214782 despite the massachusetts government act
F2FTA6MwwkY-01002-00214783-00214934 and was appointed to the committee of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01003-00214935-00215119 inspection to enforce the continental
F2FTA6MwwkY-01004-00215119-00215263 association
F2FTA6MwwkY-01005-00215264-00215439 he was also selected to attend the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01006-00215440-00215655 second continental congress scheduled to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01007-00215656-00216031 meet in philadelphia in may 1775.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01008-00216032-00216206 john hancock had been added to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01009-00216207-00216423 delegation and he and adams attended the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01010-00216423-00216598 provincial congress in concord
F2FTA6MwwkY-01011-00216600-00216806 massachusetts before adam's journey to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01012-00216807-00216982 the second congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01013-00216983-00217191 the two men decided that it was not safe
F2FTA6MwwkY-01014-00217192-00217375 to return to boston before leaving for
F2FTA6MwwkY-01015-00217376-00217591 philadelphia so they stayed at hancock's
F2FTA6MwwkY-01016-00217592-00217798 childhood home in lexington
F2FTA6MwwkY-01017-00217800-00218182 on april 14 1775 general gage received a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01018-00218183-00218398 letter from lord dartmouth advising him
F2FTA6MwwkY-01019-00218400-00218606 to arrest the principal actors and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01020-00218607-00218798 abettors in the provincial congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01021-00218800-00219006 whose proceedings appear in every light
F2FTA6MwwkY-01022-00219007-00219327 to be acts of treason and rebellion
F2FTA6MwwkY-01023-00219328-00219558 on the night of april 18 gage sent out a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01024-00219559-00219751 detachment of soldiers on the fateful
F2FTA6MwwkY-01025-00219752-00219894 mission that sparked the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-01026-00219896-00220079 revolutionary war
F2FTA6MwwkY-01027-00220080-00220263 the purpose of the british expedition
F2FTA6MwwkY-01028-00220264-00220455 was to seize and destroy military
F2FTA6MwwkY-01029-00220456-00220646 supplies that the colonists had stored
F2FTA6MwwkY-01030-00220648-00220782 in concord
F2FTA6MwwkY-01031-00220783-00220991 according to many historical accounts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01032-00220992-00221215 gage also instructed his men to arrest
F2FTA6MwwkY-01033-00221216-00221431 hancock and adams but the written orders
F2FTA6MwwkY-01034-00221432-00221631 issued by gage made no mention of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01035-00221632-00221831 arresting the patriot leaders gage had
F2FTA6MwwkY-01036-00221832-00222055 evidently decided against seizing adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01037-00222056-00222255 and hancock but patriots initially
F2FTA6MwwkY-01038-00222256-00222463 believed otherwise perhaps influenced by
F2FTA6MwwkY-01039-00222464-00222663 london newspapers that reached boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01040-00222664-00222823 with the news that the patriot leader
F2FTA6MwwkY-01041-00222823-00223023 would be hanged if he were caught
F2FTA6MwwkY-01042-00223023-00223239 from boston joseph warren dispatched
F2FTA6MwwkY-01043-00223240-00223431 paul revere to warn the two that british
F2FTA6MwwkY-01044-00223432-00223567 troops were on the move and might
F2FTA6MwwkY-01045-00223567-00223734 attempt to arrest them
F2FTA6MwwkY-01046-00223735-00223958 as hancock and adams made their escape
F2FTA6MwwkY-01047-00223959-00224134 the first shots of the war began at
F2FTA6MwwkY-01048-00224135-00224334 lexington and concord
F2FTA6MwwkY-01049-00224335-00224527 soon after the battle gage issued a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01050-00224528-00224727 proclamation granting a general pardon
F2FTA6MwwkY-01051-00224728-00224958 to all who would lay down their arms and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01052-00224959-00225142 return to the duties of peaceable
F2FTA6MwwkY-01053-00225144-00225342 subjects
F2FTA6MwwkY-01054-00225344-00225519 with the exceptions of hancock and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01055-00225519-00225791 samuel adams singling out hancock and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01056-00225792-00225982 atoms in this manner only added to their
F2FTA6MwwkY-01057-00225983-00226206 renown among patriots and according to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01058-00226207-00226431 patriot historian mercy otis warren
F2FTA6MwwkY-01059-00226432-00226623 perhaps exaggerated the importance of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01060-00226623-00227279 the two men
F2FTA6MwwkY-01061-00227280-00227798 second continental congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01062-00227800-00227991 the continental congress worked under a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01063-00227992-00228239 secrecy rule so adams's precise role in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01064-00228240-00228455 congressional deliberations is not fully
F2FTA6MwwkY-01065-00228456-00228582 documented
F2FTA6MwwkY-01066-00228583-00228791 he appears to have had a major influence
F2FTA6MwwkY-01067-00228792-00228998 working behind the scenes as a sort of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01068-00229000-00229279 parliamentary whip and thomas jefferson
F2FTA6MwwkY-01069-00229280-00229503 credits samuel adams the lesser
F2FTA6MwwkY-01070-00229504-00229710 remembered adams with steering the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01071-00229711-00229942 congress toward independence saying if
F2FTA6MwwkY-01072-00229944-00230110 there was any palanorus to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01073-00230111-00230471 revolution samuel adams was the man
F2FTA6MwwkY-01074-00230471-00230663 he served on numerous committees often
F2FTA6MwwkY-01075-00230664-00230894 dealing with military matters among his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01076-00230896-00231127 more noted acts adams nominated george
F2FTA6MwwkY-01077-00231128-00231334 washington to be commander-in-chief over
F2FTA6MwwkY-01078-00231335-00231527 the continental army adams was a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01079-00231528-00231727 cautious advocate for a declaration of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01080-00231728-00231942 independence urging eager correspondents
F2FTA6MwwkY-01081-00231944-00232127 back in massachusetts to wait for more
F2FTA6MwwkY-01082-00232128-00232310 moderate colonists to come around to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01083-00232311-00232567 supporting separation from great britain
F2FTA6MwwkY-01084-00232567-00232887 he was pleased in 1775 when the colonies
F2FTA6MwwkY-01085-00232888-00233063 began to replace their old governments
F2FTA6MwwkY-01086-00233064-00233334 with independent republican governments
F2FTA6MwwkY-01087-00233335-00233519 he praised thomas payne's popular
F2FTA6MwwkY-01088-00233519-00233751 pamphlet common sense writing as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01089-00233752-00234151 candidus in early 1776 and supported the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01090-00234152-00234382 call for american independence
F2FTA6MwwkY-01091-00234383-00234671 on june 7 adams's political ally richard
F2FTA6MwwkY-01092-00234671-00234863 henry lee introduced a three-part
F2FTA6MwwkY-01093-00234864-00235039 resolution calling for congress to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01094-00235040-00235263 declare independence create a colonial
F2FTA6MwwkY-01095-00235264-00235519 confederation and seek foreign aid
F2FTA6MwwkY-01096-00235519-00235734 after a delay to rally support congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01097-00235735-00235903 approved the language of the united
F2FTA6MwwkY-01098-00235904-00236103 states declaration of independence on
F2FTA6MwwkY-01099-00236104-00236519 july 4 1776 which adams signed
F2FTA6MwwkY-01100-00236519-00236727 after the declaration of independence
F2FTA6MwwkY-01101-00236728-00236903 congress continued to manage the war
F2FTA6MwwkY-01102-00236904-00237006 effort
F2FTA6MwwkY-01103-00237007-00237206 adams served on military committees
F2FTA6MwwkY-01104-00237207-00237375 including an appointment to the board of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01105-00237376-00237623 war in 1777.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01106-00237623-00237806 he advocated paying bonuses to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01107-00237807-00238015 continental army soldiers to encourage
F2FTA6MwwkY-01108-00238016-00238182 them to re-enlist for the duration of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01109-00238183-00238303 the war
F2FTA6MwwkY-01110-00238304-00238510 he called for harsh state legislation to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01111-00238511-00238663 punish loyalists
F2FTA6MwwkY-01112-00238664-00238846 americans who continued to support the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01113-00238848-00239103 british crown who adams believed were as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01114-00239104-00239303 dangerous to american liberty as british
F2FTA6MwwkY-01115-00239304-00239431 soldiers
F2FTA6MwwkY-01116-00239432-00239703 in massachusetts more than 300 loyalists
F2FTA6MwwkY-01117-00239704-00239846 were banished and their property
F2FTA6MwwkY-01118-00239848-00239998 confiscated
F2FTA6MwwkY-01119-00240000-00240198 after the war adams opposed allowing
F2FTA6MwwkY-01120-00240200-00240415 loyalists to return to massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01121-00240416-00240527 fearing that they would work to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01122-00240528-00240727 undermine republican government adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01123-00240728-00240942 was the massachusetts delegate appointed
F2FTA6MwwkY-01124-00240944-00241103 to the committee to draft the articles
F2FTA6MwwkY-01125-00241104-00241271 of confederation the plan for the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01126-00241271-00241463 colonial confederation
F2FTA6MwwkY-01127-00241464-00241671 with its emphasis on state sovereignty
F2FTA6MwwkY-01128-00241671-00241846 the articles reflected congress's
F2FTA6MwwkY-01129-00241848-00242055 wariness of a strong central government
F2FTA6MwwkY-01130-00242056-00242279 a concern shared by adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01131-00242280-00242487 like others at the time adams considered
F2FTA6MwwkY-01132-00242488-00242694 himself a citizen of the united states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01133-00242696-00242815 while continuing to refer to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01134-00242816-00243094 massachusetts as his country
F2FTA6MwwkY-01135-00243096-00243303 after much debate the articles were sent
F2FTA6MwwkY-01136-00243304-00243463 to the states for ratification in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01137-00243464-00243719 november 1777
F2FTA6MwwkY-01138-00243719-00243894 from philadelphia adams urged
F2FTA6MwwkY-01139-00243896-00244198 massachusetts to ratify which it did
F2FTA6MwwkY-01140-00244200-00244342 adams signed the articles of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01141-00244344-00244479 confederation with the other
F2FTA6MwwkY-01142-00244480-00244782 massachusetts delegates in 1778 but they
F2FTA6MwwkY-01143-00244783-00244958 were not ratified by all the states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01144-00244959-00245198 until 1781.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01145-00245200-00245503 adams returned to boston in 1779 to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01146-00245504-00245782 attend a state constitutional convention
F2FTA6MwwkY-01147-00245783-00245982 the massachusetts general court had
F2FTA6MwwkY-01148-00245983-00246206 proposed a new constitution the previous
F2FTA6MwwkY-01149-00246207-00246406 year but voters rejected it and so a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01150-00246407-00246639 convention was held to try again
F2FTA6MwwkY-01151-00246640-00246815 adams was appointed to a three-man
F2FTA6MwwkY-01152-00246816-00247015 drafting committee with his cousin john
F2FTA6MwwkY-01153-00247016-00247206 adams and james boden
F2FTA6MwwkY-01154-00247207-00247367 they drafted the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01155-00247367-00247558 constitution which was amended by the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01156-00247559-00247751 convention and approved by voters in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01157-00247752-00247903 1780.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01158-00247904-00248094 the new constitution established a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01159-00248096-00248279 republican form of government with
F2FTA6MwwkY-01160-00248280-00248471 annual elections and a separation of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01161-00248471-00248591 powers
F2FTA6MwwkY-01162-00248592-00248855 it reflected adams's belief that a state
F2FTA6MwwkY-01163-00248856-00249079 is never free except when each citizen
F2FTA6MwwkY-01164-00249080-00249294 is bound by no law whatever that he has
F2FTA6MwwkY-01165-00249296-00249510 not approved of either directly or
F2FTA6MwwkY-01166-00249511-00249782 through his representatives
F2FTA6MwwkY-01167-00249783-00250023 by modern standards the new constitution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01168-00250023-00250342 was not democratic adams like most of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01169-00250344-00250551 his peers believed that only free males
F2FTA6MwwkY-01170-00250552-00250727 who owned property should be allowed to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01171-00250728-00250855 vote and that the senate and the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01172-00250856-00251071 governor served to balance any excesses
F2FTA6MwwkY-01173-00251071-00251279 that might result from majority rule in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01174-00251280-00251567 1781 adams retired from the continental
F2FTA6MwwkY-01175-00251567-00251687 congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01176-00251688-00251855 his health was one reason he was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01177-00251856-00252039 approaching his 60th birthday and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01178-00252040-00252215 suffered from tremors that made writing
F2FTA6MwwkY-01179-00252216-00252327 difficult
F2FTA6MwwkY-01180-00252328-00252479 but he also wanted to return to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01181-00252480-00252703 massachusetts to influence politics in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01182-00252704-00252846 the commonwealth
F2FTA6MwwkY-01183-00252848-00253134 he returned to boston in 1781 and never
F2FTA6MwwkY-01184-00253135-00253894 left massachusetts again
F2FTA6MwwkY-01185-00253896-00254430 return to massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01186-00254431-00254655 adams remained active in politics upon
F2FTA6MwwkY-01187-00254656-00254863 his return to massachusetts he
F2FTA6MwwkY-01188-00254864-00255046 frequently served as moderator of the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01189-00255048-00255246 boston town meeting and was elected to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01190-00255248-00255430 the state senate where he often served
F2FTA6MwwkY-01191-00255431-00255646 as that body's president adams focused
F2FTA6MwwkY-01192-00255648-00255871 his political agenda on promoting virtue
F2FTA6MwwkY-01193-00255871-00256030 which he considered essential in a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01194-00256031-00256206 republican government
F2FTA6MwwkY-01195-00256207-00256439 if republican leaders lacked virtue he
F2FTA6MwwkY-01196-00256440-00256663 believed liberty was endangered
F2FTA6MwwkY-01197-00256664-00256871 his major opponent in this campaign was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01198-00256871-00257119 his former protege john hancock the two
F2FTA6MwwkY-01199-00257119-00257319 men had a falling out in the continental
F2FTA6MwwkY-01200-00257319-00257446 congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01201-00257448-00257623 adams disapproved of what he viewed as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01202-00257623-00257846 hancock's vanity and extravagance which
F2FTA6MwwkY-01203-00257848-00258030 adams believed were inappropriate in a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01204-00258031-00258198 republican leader
F2FTA6MwwkY-01205-00258200-00258519 when hancock left congress in 1777
F2FTA6MwwkY-01206-00258519-00258687 adams and the other massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01207-00258688-00258879 delegates voted against thanking him for
F2FTA6MwwkY-01208-00258880-00259127 his service as president of congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01209-00259128-00259382 the struggle continued in massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01210-00259383-00259551 adams thought that hancock was not
F2FTA6MwwkY-01211-00259552-00259758 acting the part of a virtuous republican
F2FTA6MwwkY-01212-00259759-00259958 leader by acting like an aristocrat and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01213-00259959-00260142 courting popularity
F2FTA6MwwkY-01214-00260144-00260375 adams favored james boden for governor
F2FTA6MwwkY-01215-00260376-00260558 and was distressed when hancock won
F2FTA6MwwkY-01216-00260559-00260767 annual landslide victories adams's
F2FTA6MwwkY-01217-00260767-00260982 promotion of public virtue took several
F2FTA6MwwkY-01218-00260983-00261087 forms
F2FTA6MwwkY-01219-00261088-00261303 he played a major role in getting boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01220-00261304-00261510 to provide a free public education for
F2FTA6MwwkY-01221-00261511-00261694 children even for girls which was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01222-00261696-00261846 controversial
F2FTA6MwwkY-01223-00261848-00262030 adams was one of the charter members of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01224-00262031-00262206 the american academy of arts and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01225-00262207-00262447 sciences in 1780.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01226-00262448-00262687 after the revolutionary war adams joined
F2FTA6MwwkY-01227-00262688-00262895 others including thomas jefferson in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01228-00262896-00263110 denouncing the society of the cincinnati
F2FTA6MwwkY-01229-00263111-00263423 an organization of former army officers
F2FTA6MwwkY-01230-00263424-00263663 adams worried that the society was a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01231-00263664-00263910 stride towards an hereditary military
F2FTA6MwwkY-01232-00263911-00264047 nobility
F2FTA6MwwkY-01233-00264048-00264303 and thus a threat to republicanism adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01234-00264304-00264479 also believed that public theaters
F2FTA6MwwkY-01235-00264480-00264695 undermined civic virtue and he joined an
F2FTA6MwwkY-01236-00264696-00264895 ultimately unsuccessful effort to keep
F2FTA6MwwkY-01237-00264896-00265095 theaters banned in boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01238-00265096-00265303 decades after adams's death orator
F2FTA6MwwkY-01239-00265304-00265510 edward everett called him the last of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01240-00265511-00265758 the puritans
F2FTA6MwwkY-01241-00265759-00265982 post-war economic troubles in western
F2FTA6MwwkY-01242-00265983-00266199 massachusetts led to an uprising known
F2FTA6MwwkY-01243-00266200-00266599 as chez's rebellion which began in 1786
F2FTA6MwwkY-01244-00266600-00266830 small farmers angered by high taxes and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01245-00266831-00267015 debts armed themselves and shut down
F2FTA6MwwkY-01246-00267016-00267239 debtor courts in two counties
F2FTA6MwwkY-01247-00267240-00267455 governor james bowden sent 4000
F2FTA6MwwkY-01248-00267456-00267663 militiamen to put down the uprising an
F2FTA6MwwkY-01249-00267664-00267879 action supported by adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01250-00267880-00268103 his old political ally james warren
F2FTA6MwwkY-01251-00268104-00268279 thought that adams had forsaken his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01252-00268280-00268439 principles but adams saw no
F2FTA6MwwkY-01253-00268440-00268575 contradiction
F2FTA6MwwkY-01254-00268576-00268758 he approved of rebellion against an
F2FTA6MwwkY-01255-00268759-00268934 unrepresentative government as had
F2FTA6MwwkY-01256-00268935-00269127 happened during the american revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01257-00269128-00269319 but he opposed taking up arms against a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01258-00269320-00269503 republican government where problems
F2FTA6MwwkY-01259-00269504-00269727 should be remedied through elections
F2FTA6MwwkY-01260-00269728-00269895 he thought that the leaders of chez's
F2FTA6MwwkY-01261-00269896-00270071 rebellion should be hanged reportedly
F2FTA6MwwkY-01262-00270072-00270303 saying that the man who dares to rebel
F2FTA6MwwkY-01263-00270304-00270510 against the laws of a republic ought to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01264-00270511-00270687 suffer death
F2FTA6MwwkY-01265-00270688-00270879 chez's rebellion contributed to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01266-00270880-00271015 belief that the articles of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01267-00271016-00271271 confederation needed to be revised
F2FTA6MwwkY-01268-00271272-00271567 in 1787 delegates to the philadelphia
F2FTA6MwwkY-01269-00271568-00271751 convention instead of revising the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01270-00271752-00271975 articles created a new united states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01271-00271976-00272143 constitution with a much stronger
F2FTA6MwwkY-01272-00272144-00272303 national government
F2FTA6MwwkY-01273-00272304-00272503 the constitution was sent to the states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01274-00272504-00272719 for ratification when adams expressed
F2FTA6MwwkY-01275-00272720-00272967 his displeasure i confess
F2FTA6MwwkY-01276-00272968-00273295 he wrote to richard henry lee in 1787 as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01277-00273296-00273487 i enter the building i stumble at the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01278-00273488-00273719 threshold i meet with a national
F2FTA6MwwkY-01279-00273720-00273951 government instead of a federal union of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01280-00273952-00274110 states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01281-00274111-00274295 adams was one of those derisively
F2FTA6MwwkY-01282-00274296-00274534 labelled anti-federalists
F2FTA6MwwkY-01283-00274535-00274743 by proponents of the new constitution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01284-00274744-00275047 who called themselves federalists
F2FTA6MwwkY-01285-00275048-00275255 adams was elected to the massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01286-00275256-00275430 ratifying convention which met in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01287-00275431-00275663 january 1788.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01288-00275664-00275895 despite his reservations adams rarely
F2FTA6MwwkY-01289-00275896-00276063 spoke at the convention and listened
F2FTA6MwwkY-01290-00276064-00276239 carefully to the arguments rather than
F2FTA6MwwkY-01291-00276240-00276415 raising objections
F2FTA6MwwkY-01292-00276416-00276655 adams and john hancock had reconciled
F2FTA6MwwkY-01293-00276656-00276799 and they finally agreed to give their
F2FTA6MwwkY-01294-00276800-00276975 support for the constitution with the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01295-00276976-00277167 proviso that some amendments be added
F2FTA6MwwkY-01296-00277168-00277279 later
F2FTA6MwwkY-01297-00277280-00277463 even with the support of hancock and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01298-00277464-00277663 adams the massachusetts convention
F2FTA6MwwkY-01299-00277664-00277887 narrowly ratified the constitution by a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01300-00277888-00278075 vote of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01301-00278076-00278310 187-168 while adams was attending the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01302-00278311-00278567 ratifying convention his only son samuel
F2FTA6MwwkY-01303-00278568-00278943 adams jr died at just 37 years of age
F2FTA6MwwkY-01304-00278944-00279143 the younger adams had served as surgeon
F2FTA6MwwkY-01305-00279144-00279343 in the revolutionary war but had fallen
F2FTA6MwwkY-01306-00279344-00279558 ill and never fully recovered
F2FTA6MwwkY-01307-00279559-00279719 the death was a stunning blow to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01308-00279720-00279975 elder adams the younger adams left his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01309-00279976-00280127 father the certificates that he had
F2FTA6MwwkY-01310-00280128-00280343 earned as a soldier giving adams and his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01311-00280344-00280575 wife unexpected financial security in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01312-00280576-00280743 their final years
F2FTA6MwwkY-01313-00280744-00280967 investments in land made them relatively
F2FTA6MwwkY-01314-00280968-00281215 wealthy by the mid-1790s but this did
F2FTA6MwwkY-01315-00281216-00281430 not alter their frugal lifestyle adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01316-00281431-00281630 was concerned about the new constitution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01317-00281631-00281815 and made an attempt to re-international
F2FTA6MwwkY-01318-00281816-00281951 politics
F2FTA6MwwkY-01319-00281952-00282143 he allowed his name to be put forth as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01320-00282144-00282343 candidate for the united states house of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01321-00282344-00282606 representatives in the december 1788
F2FTA6MwwkY-01322-00282607-00282806 election but lost to fisher-ames
F2FTA6MwwkY-01323-00282807-00282991 apparently because ames was a stronger
F2FTA6MwwkY-01324-00282992-00283191 supporter of the constitution a more
F2FTA6MwwkY-01325-00283192-00283358 popular position
F2FTA6MwwkY-01326-00283359-00283567 despite his defeat adams continued to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01327-00283568-00283775 work for amendments to the constitution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01328-00283776-00283967 a movement that ultimately resulted in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01329-00283968-00284127 the addition of a bill of rights in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01330-00284128-00284303 1791.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01331-00284304-00284503 adams subsequently became a firm
F2FTA6MwwkY-01332-00284504-00284695 supporter of the constitution with these
F2FTA6MwwkY-01333-00284696-00284910 amendments and the possibility of more
F2FTA6MwwkY-01334-00284911-00285199 in 1789 adams was elected lieutenant
F2FTA6MwwkY-01335-00285200-00285391 governor of massachusetts and served in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01336-00285392-00285582 that office until governor hancock's
F2FTA6MwwkY-01337-00285583-00285847 death in 1793 when he became acting
F2FTA6MwwkY-01338-00285848-00285958 governor
F2FTA6MwwkY-01339-00285959-00286151 the next year adams was elected as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01340-00286152-00286343 governor in his own right the first of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01341-00286344-00286519 four annual terms
F2FTA6MwwkY-01342-00286520-00286710 he was generally regarded as the leader
F2FTA6MwwkY-01343-00286711-00286934 of his state's jeffersonian republicans
F2FTA6MwwkY-01344-00286935-00287191 who were opposed to the federalist party
F2FTA6MwwkY-01345-00287192-00287399 unlike some other republicans adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01346-00287400-00287567 supported the suppression of the whiskey
F2FTA6MwwkY-01347-00287568-00287854 rebellion in 1794 for the same reasons
F2FTA6MwwkY-01348-00287855-00288103 that he had opposed shaza's rebellion
F2FTA6MwwkY-01349-00288104-00288319 like his fellow republicans he spoke out
F2FTA6MwwkY-01350-00288320-00288639 against the j treaty in 1796 a position
F2FTA6MwwkY-01351-00288640-00288839 that drew criticism in a state that was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01352-00288840-00289030 increasingly federalist
F2FTA6MwwkY-01353-00289031-00289263 in that year's u.s presidential election
F2FTA6MwwkY-01354-00289264-00289503 republicans in virginia cast 15
F2FTA6MwwkY-01355-00289504-00289710 electoral votes for adams in an effort
F2FTA6MwwkY-01356-00289711-00289895 to make him jefferson's vice president
F2FTA6MwwkY-01357-00289896-00290079 but federalist john adams won the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01358-00290080-00290271 election with jefferson becoming vice
F2FTA6MwwkY-01359-00290272-00290382 president
F2FTA6MwwkY-01360-00290383-00290599 the adams cousins remained friends but
F2FTA6MwwkY-01361-00290600-00290782 samuel was pleased when jefferson
F2FTA6MwwkY-01362-00290783-00291015 defeated john adams in the 1800
F2FTA6MwwkY-01363-00291016-00291254 presidential election samuel adams took
F2FTA6MwwkY-01364-00291255-00291447 a cue from president washington who
F2FTA6MwwkY-01365-00291448-00291743 declined to run for re-election in 1796.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01366-00291744-00291927 he retired from politics at the end of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01367-00291928-00292239 his term as governor in 1797.
F2FTA6MwwkY-01368-00292240-00292423 adams suffered from what is now believed
F2FTA6MwwkY-01369-00292424-00292615 to have been essential tremor a movement
F2FTA6MwwkY-01370-00292616-00292791 disorder that rendered him unable to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01371-00292792-00293039 write in the final decade of his life
F2FTA6MwwkY-01372-00293040-00293310 he died at the age of 81 on october 2nd
F2FTA6MwwkY-01373-00293311-00293543 1803 and was interred at the granary
F2FTA6MwwkY-01374-00293544-00293743 burying ground in boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01375-00293744-00293934 boston's republican newspaper the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01376-00293935-00294143 independent chronicle eulogized him as
F2FTA6MwwkY-01377-00294144-00295030 the father of the american revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01378-00295031-00295471 legacy
F2FTA6MwwkY-01379-00295472-00295703 samuel adams is a controversial figure
F2FTA6MwwkY-01380-00295704-00295943 in american history disagreement about
F2FTA6MwwkY-01381-00295944-00296167 his significance and reputation began
F2FTA6MwwkY-01382-00296168-00296343 before his death and continues to the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01383-00296344-00296551 present adam's contemporaries both
F2FTA6MwwkY-01384-00296552-00296751 friends and foes regarded him as one of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01385-00296752-00296919 the foremost leaders of the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-01386-00296920-00297054 revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01387-00297055-00297230 thomas jefferson for example
F2FTA6MwwkY-01388-00297231-00297495 characterized adams as truly the man of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01389-00297496-00297647 the revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01390-00297648-00297839 leaders in other colonies were compared
F2FTA6MwwkY-01391-00297840-00298079 to him cornelius harnett was called the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01392-00298080-00298367 samuel adams of north carolina
F2FTA6MwwkY-01393-00298368-00298623 charles thompson the samuel adams of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01394-00298624-00298934 philadelphia and christopher gadsden the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01395-00298935-00299167 sam adams of the south
F2FTA6MwwkY-01396-00299168-00299358 when john adams traveled to france
F2FTA6MwwkY-01397-00299359-00299558 during the revolution he had to explain
F2FTA6MwwkY-01398-00299559-00299879 that he was not samuel the famous adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01399-00299880-00300063 supporters of the revolution praised
F2FTA6MwwkY-01400-00300064-00300254 adams but loyalists viewed him as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01401-00300255-00300423 sinister figure
F2FTA6MwwkY-01402-00300424-00300663 peter oliver the exiled chief justice of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01403-00300664-00300871 massachusetts characterized him as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01404-00300872-00301206 devious machiavellian with a cloven foot
F2FTA6MwwkY-01405-00301207-00301447 thomas hutchinson adam's political foe
F2FTA6MwwkY-01406-00301448-00301623 took his revenge in his history of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01407-00301624-00301830 massachusetts bay in which he denounced
F2FTA6MwwkY-01408-00301831-00302039 him as a dishonest character assassin
F2FTA6MwwkY-01409-00302040-00302199 emphasizing his failures as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01410-00302200-00302430 businessman and tax collector
F2FTA6MwwkY-01411-00302431-00302534 this
F2FTA6MwwkY-01412-00302535-00302830 tory interpretation of atoms was revived
F2FTA6MwwkY-01413-00302831-00303039 in the 20th century by historian
F2FTA6MwwkY-01414-00303040-00303215 clifford k shipton in the sibleys
F2FTA6MwwkY-01415-00303216-00303487 harvard graduates reference series
F2FTA6MwwkY-01416-00303488-00303663 shipton wrote positive portraits of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01417-00303664-00303854 hutchinson and oliver and scathing
F2FTA6MwwkY-01418-00303855-00304079 sketches of adams and hancock his entry
F2FTA6MwwkY-01419-00304080-00304303 on adams was characterized by historian
F2FTA6MwwkY-01420-00304304-00304687 pauline mayer as 45 pages of contempt
F2FTA6MwwkY-01421-00304688-00304934 whig historians challenge the tory
F2FTA6MwwkY-01422-00304935-00305247 interpretation of adams william gordon
F2FTA6MwwkY-01423-00305248-00305479 and mercy otis warren two historians who
F2FTA6MwwkY-01424-00305480-00305663 knew adams wrote of him as a man
F2FTA6MwwkY-01425-00305664-00305854 selflessly dedicated to the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-01426-00305855-00305982 revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01427-00305983-00306223 but in the early 19th century adams was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01428-00306224-00306423 often viewed as an old-fashioned puritan
F2FTA6MwwkY-01429-00306424-00306582 and was consequently neglected by
F2FTA6MwwkY-01430-00306583-00306734 historians
F2FTA6MwwkY-01431-00306735-00306910 interest in atoms was revived in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01432-00306911-00307191 mid-19th century historian george
F2FTA6MwwkY-01433-00307192-00307406 bancroft portrayed him favorably in his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01434-00307407-00307623 monumental history of the united states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01435-00307624-00307782 from the discovery of the american
F2FTA6MwwkY-01436-00307783-00308030 continent 1852
F2FTA6MwwkY-01437-00308031-00308230 the first full biography of atoms
F2FTA6MwwkY-01438-00308231-00308519 appeared in 1865 a three-volume work
F2FTA6MwwkY-01439-00308520-00308679 written by william wells his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01440-00308680-00308830 great-grandson
F2FTA6MwwkY-01441-00308831-00309047 the wells biography is still valuable
F2FTA6MwwkY-01442-00309048-00309230 for its wealth of information although
F2FTA6MwwkY-01443-00309231-00309399 whig portrayals of atoms were in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01444-00309400-00309615 critically pro-american and had elements
F2FTA6MwwkY-01445-00309616-00309823 of hagiography a view that influenced
F2FTA6MwwkY-01446-00309824-00309999 some later biographies written for
F2FTA6MwwkY-01447-00310000-00310215 general audiences in the late 19th
F2FTA6MwwkY-01448-00310216-00310439 century many american historians were
F2FTA6MwwkY-01449-00310440-00310582 uncomfortable with contemporary
F2FTA6MwwkY-01450-00310583-00310782 revolutions and found it problematic to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01451-00310783-00311063 write approvingly about atoms relations
F2FTA6MwwkY-01452-00311064-00311271 had improved between the united states
F2FTA6MwwkY-01453-00311272-00311471 and the united kingdom and adam's role
F2FTA6MwwkY-01454-00311472-00311671 in dividing americans from britain's was
F2FTA6MwwkY-01455-00311672-00311895 increasingly viewed with regret
F2FTA6MwwkY-01456-00311896-00312206 in 1885 james hosmer wrote a biography
F2FTA6MwwkY-01457-00312207-00312415 that praised adams but also found some
F2FTA6MwwkY-01458-00312416-00312627 of his actions troubling such as the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01459-00312628-00312910 1773 publication of hutchinson's private
F2FTA6MwwkY-01460-00312911-00313030 letters
F2FTA6MwwkY-01461-00313031-00313206 subsequent biographers became
F2FTA6MwwkY-01462-00313207-00313415 increasingly hostile towards adams and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01463-00313416-00313671 the common people whom he represented
F2FTA6MwwkY-01464-00313672-00314103 in 1923 ralph v harlow used a freudian
F2FTA6MwwkY-01465-00314104-00314319 approach to characterize atoms as a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01466-00314320-00314679 neurotic crank driven by an inferiority
F2FTA6MwwkY-01467-00314680-00314823 complex
F2FTA6MwwkY-01468-00314824-00315015 harlow argued that because the masses
F2FTA6MwwkY-01469-00315016-00315287 were easily misled adam's manufactured
F2FTA6MwwkY-01470-00315288-00315575 public opinion to produce the revolution
F2FTA6MwwkY-01471-00315576-00315791 a view that became the thesis of john c
F2FTA6MwwkY-01472-00315792-00316095 miller's 1936 biography sam adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01473-00316096-00316303 pioneer in propaganda
F2FTA6MwwkY-01474-00316304-00316487 miller portrayed adams more as an
F2FTA6MwwkY-01475-00316488-00316710 incendiary revolutionary than an adroit
F2FTA6MwwkY-01476-00316711-00316910 political operative attributing to this
F2FTA6MwwkY-01477-00316911-00317182 one man all the acts of boston's body of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01478-00317183-00317430 the people and consistently calling his
F2FTA6MwwkY-01479-00317431-00317615 subject sam
F2FTA6MwwkY-01480-00317616-00317815 despite the fact that adams was almost
F2FTA6MwwkY-01481-00317816-00318054 always known as samuel
F2FTA6MwwkY-01482-00318055-00318263 in his lifetime miller's influential
F2FTA6MwwkY-01483-00318264-00318463 book became in the words of historian
F2FTA6MwwkY-01484-00318464-00318791 charles acres the scholarly enshrinement
F2FTA6MwwkY-01485-00318792-00319063 of the myth of sam adams as the boston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01486-00319064-00319310 dictator who almost single-handedly led
F2FTA6MwwkY-01487-00319311-00319591 his colony into rebellion
F2FTA6MwwkY-01488-00319592-00319782 according to acres miller and other
F2FTA6MwwkY-01489-00319783-00320119 historians used sam did it to explain
F2FTA6MwwkY-01490-00320120-00320310 crowd actions and other developments
F2FTA6MwwkY-01491-00320311-00320510 without citing any evidence that adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01492-00320511-00320695 directed those events
F2FTA6MwwkY-01493-00320696-00320999 in 1974 acres called on historians to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01494-00321000-00321206 critically re-examine the sources rather
F2FTA6MwwkY-01495-00321207-00321415 than simply repeating the myth
F2FTA6MwwkY-01496-00321416-00321606 by then scholars were increasingly
F2FTA6MwwkY-01497-00321607-00321782 rejecting the notion that adams and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01498-00321783-00322110 others used propaganda to incite
F2FTA6MwwkY-01499-00322111-00322334 ignorant mobs and were instead
F2FTA6MwwkY-01500-00322335-00322567 portraying a revolutionary massachusetts
F2FTA6MwwkY-01501-00322568-00322743 too complex to have been controlled by
F2FTA6MwwkY-01502-00322744-00322863 one man
F2FTA6MwwkY-01503-00322864-00323071 historian pauline mayer argued that
F2FTA6MwwkY-01504-00323072-00323263 adams far from being a radical mob
F2FTA6MwwkY-01505-00323264-00323463 leader took a moderate position based on
F2FTA6MwwkY-01506-00323464-00323663 the english revolutionary tradition that
F2FTA6MwwkY-01507-00323664-00323863 imposed strict constraints on resistance
F2FTA6MwwkY-01508-00323864-00323999 to authority
F2FTA6MwwkY-01509-00324000-00324230 that belief justified force only against
F2FTA6MwwkY-01510-00324231-00324430 threats to the constitutional rights so
F2FTA6MwwkY-01511-00324431-00324679 grave that the body of the people
F2FTA6MwwkY-01512-00324680-00324919 recognized the danger and only after all
F2FTA6MwwkY-01513-00324920-00325167 peaceful means of redress had failed
F2FTA6MwwkY-01514-00325168-00325367 within that revolutionary tradition
F2FTA6MwwkY-01515-00325368-00325599 resistance was essentially conservative
F2FTA6MwwkY-01516-00325600-00325879 in 2004 ray raphael's founding myths
F2FTA6MwwkY-01517-00325880-00326087 continued mayer's line by deconstructing
F2FTA6MwwkY-01518-00326088-00326287 several of the sam
F2FTA6MwwkY-01519-00326288-00326471 adams myths that are still repeated in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01520-00326472-00327247 many textbooks and popular histories
F2FTA6MwwkY-01521-00327248-00327823 topic in popular culture
F2FTA6MwwkY-01522-00327824-00328103 in the 2008 mini-series john adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01523-00328104-00328430 samuel adams was played by danny houston
F2FTA6MwwkY-01524-00328431-00328630 adams is the main protagonist in the
F2FTA6MwwkY-01525-00328631-00328878 2015 miniseries sons of liberty
F2FTA6MwwkY-01526-00328879-00329119 portrayed by ben barnes
F2FTA6MwwkY-01527-00329120-00329287 samuel adams's name has been
F2FTA6MwwkY-01528-00329288-00329510 appropriated by commercial and nonprofit
F2FTA6MwwkY-01529-00329511-00329687 ventures since his death
F2FTA6MwwkY-01530-00329688-00329927 the boston beer company created samuel
F2FTA6MwwkY-01531-00329928-00330247 adams boston lager in 1985 drawing upon
F2FTA6MwwkY-01532-00330248-00330399 the tradition that adams had been a
F2FTA6MwwkY-01533-00330400-00330639 brewer it became a popular award-winning
F2FTA6MwwkY-01534-00330640-00330751 brand
F2FTA6MwwkY-01535-00330752-00330982 adams's name is also used by a pair of
F2FTA6MwwkY-01536-00330983-00331223 non-profit organizations the sam adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01537-00331224-00331503 alliance and the sam adams foundation
F2FTA6MwwkY-01538-00331504-00331695 these groups take their names from adams
F2FTA6MwwkY-01539-00331696-00331895 in homage to his ability to organize
F2FTA6MwwkY-01540-00331896-00332110 citizens at the local level in order to
F2FTA6MwwkY-01541-00332111-00332334 achieve a national goal adams appears in
F2FTA6MwwkY-01542-00332335-00332558 the video game assassin's creed iii and
F2FTA6MwwkY-01543-00332559-00333295 is portrayed by mark lindsey chapman
F2FTA6MwwkY-01544-00333296-00334151 topic notes
F2FTA6MwwkY-01545-00334152-00335143 topic bibliography
F2FTA6MwwkY-01546-00335144-00335615 external links
F2FTA6MwwkY-01547-00335616-00335951 united states congress samuel adams id
F2FTA6MwwkY-01548-00335952-00336278 a00045
F2FTA6MwwkY-01549-00336279-00336487 biographical directory of the united
F2FTA6MwwkY-01550-00336488-00336687 states congress
F2FTA6MwwkY-01551-00336688-00336991 samuel adams heritage society
F2FTA6MwwkY-01552-00336992-00337199 works by samuel adams at project
F2FTA6MwwkY-01553-00337200-00337343 gutenberg
F2FTA6MwwkY-01554-00337344-00337567 works by or about samuel adams at
F2FTA6MwwkY-01555-00337568-00337758 internet archive
F2FTA6MwwkY-01556-00337759-00338023 samuel adams at find a grave
F2FTA6MwwkY-01557-00338024-00338319 samuel adams quotes at liberty tree
F2FTA6MwwkY-01558-00338320-00338620 ca
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F2LuebdaFF8-00001-00000126-00000321 foreign
F2LuebdaFF8-00002-00000322-00001700 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00003-00001701-00004151 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00004-00004152-00004463 foreign
F2LuebdaFF8-00005-00004464-00005734 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00006-00005735-00008240 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00007-00008241-00009414 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00008-00009415-00009951 thank you
F2LuebdaFF8-00009-00009952-00011146 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00010-00011147-00011475 foreign
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F2LuebdaFF8-00013-00015158-00015555 thank you
F2LuebdaFF8-00014-00015556-00018186 [Music]
F2LuebdaFF8-00015-00018187-00019114 thank you
F2LuebdaFF8-00016-00019115-00019596 [Music]
F3oF1Idnj5M-00000-00000039-00000271 hey everyone this is dan let's talk
F3oF1Idnj5M-00001-00000272-00000463 about the federal reserve banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00002-00000463-00000799 aka the fed if you invest in stocks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00003-00000800-00001023 or own a business or plan to take out a
F3oF1Idnj5M-00004-00001024-00001119 mortgage
F3oF1Idnj5M-00005-00001120-00001350 the decisions from the fed can greatly
F3oF1Idnj5M-00006-00001351-00001527 impact your financial futures
F3oF1Idnj5M-00007-00001528-00001679 i know you're busy and you don't have
F3oF1Idnj5M-00008-00001680-00001855 time to read hundreds of pages on the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00009-00001855-00001942 internet
F3oF1Idnj5M-00010-00001943-00002151 or watch a one hour video on youtube
F3oF1Idnj5M-00011-00002152-00002255 about effect
F3oF1Idnj5M-00012-00002256-00002495 i will summarize what you need to learn
F3oF1Idnj5M-00013-00002496-00002623 in just 10 minutes
F3oF1Idnj5M-00014-00002624-00002926 here we go the short name for the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00015-00002927-00002999 federal reserve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00016-00003000-00003263 banks is the fed the federal reserve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00017-00003264-00003319 banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00018-00003320-00003654 were created in 1913 after the u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00019-00003655-00003719 congress
F3oF1Idnj5M-00020-00003720-00003943 passed the federal reserve act it was
F3oF1Idnj5M-00021-00003944-00004031 signed into law
F3oF1Idnj5M-00022-00004032-00004319 by president woodrow wilson the fed has
F3oF1Idnj5M-00023-00004320-00004438 12 branches
F3oF1Idnj5M-00024-00004439-00004615 and they're located in boston new york
F3oF1Idnj5M-00025-00004616-00004847 philadelphia san luis et cetera
F3oF1Idnj5M-00026-00004848-00005063 it works with the us government and has
F3oF1Idnj5M-00027-00005064-00005263 the power to create money
F3oF1Idnj5M-00028-00005264-00005551 set interest rates and do other things
F3oF1Idnj5M-00029-00005552-00005622 technically
F3oF1Idnj5M-00030-00005623-00005863 the fed is not part of the us government
F3oF1Idnj5M-00031-00005864-00005999 the federal reserve bank's
F3oF1Idnj5M-00032-00006000-00006286 website offers the following explanation
F3oF1Idnj5M-00033-00006287-00006334 it says
F3oF1Idnj5M-00034-00006335-00006527 the federal reserve banks are not part
F3oF1Idnj5M-00035-00006528-00006678 of the federal government
F3oF1Idnj5M-00036-00006679-00006823 but they exist because of an act of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00037-00006823-00007175 congress so is the fed private or public
F3oF1Idnj5M-00038-00007176-00007367 the answer is both while the board of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00039-00007368-00007583 governors is an independent government
F3oF1Idnj5M-00040-00007584-00007783 agency the federal reserve banks are set
F3oF1Idnj5M-00041-00007784-00008006 up like private corporations
F3oF1Idnj5M-00042-00008008-00008303 remember banks hold stock in the federal
F3oF1Idnj5M-00043-00008304-00008399 reserve banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00044-00008400-00008678 and earn dividends this might sound
F3oF1Idnj5M-00045-00008679-00008783 confusing
F3oF1Idnj5M-00046-00008784-00009039 but we just need to know what the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00047-00009040-00009199 does and how it impacts
F3oF1Idnj5M-00048-00009200-00009423 our lives the chairman of the fed is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00049-00009424-00009574 nominated by the president
F3oF1Idnj5M-00050-00009575-00009855 of the united states and the nomination
F3oF1Idnj5M-00051-00009856-00010046 is required to be confirmed by the u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00052-00010047-00010263 senate with the majority vote
F3oF1Idnj5M-00053-00010264-00010535 the fed chair serves a four-year term
F3oF1Idnj5M-00054-00010536-00010767 and can serve consecutive terms
F3oF1Idnj5M-00055-00010768-00010974 if nominated by the president and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00056-00010975-00011142 approved by the senate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00057-00011143-00011446 there are seven members for the board of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00058-00011447-00011751 federal reserve banks and they are in
F3oF1Idnj5M-00059-00011752-00011910 addition to the fed chair
F3oF1Idnj5M-00060-00011911-00012127 also nominated by the u.s president and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00061-00012128-00012374 confirmed by the u.s senate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00062-00012375-00012574 aside from the fed chair the rest of the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00063-00012575-00012719 board members serve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00064-00012720-00013030 staggered 14-year terms the standard
F3oF1Idnj5M-00065-00013031-00013207 appointments for the federal reserve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00066-00013208-00013375 board members are meant
F3oF1Idnj5M-00067-00013376-00013615 to insulate the fed from the day-to-day
F3oF1Idnj5M-00068-00013616-00013758 political pressures
F3oF1Idnj5M-00069-00013759-00013935 so that the fed can act fairly
F3oF1Idnj5M-00070-00013936-00014143 independently and do what's best
F3oF1Idnj5M-00071-00014144-00014399 for the country in the long term the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00072-00014400-00014447 has
F3oF1Idnj5M-00073-00014447-00014743 three major tools to control how much
F3oF1Idnj5M-00074-00014744-00014799 money
F3oF1Idnj5M-00075-00014800-00015047 should be in circulation they are the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00076-00015047-00015230 reserve requirements
F3oF1Idnj5M-00077-00015231-00015486 the discount rate and the open market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00078-00015487-00015607 operations
F3oF1Idnj5M-00079-00015608-00015830 the reserve requirements are the amount
F3oF1Idnj5M-00080-00015831-00016055 of cash that banks must have
F3oF1Idnj5M-00081-00016056-00016279 in either the vaults or the closest
F3oF1Idnj5M-00082-00016280-00016415 federal reserve bank
F3oF1Idnj5M-00083-00016416-00016591 the reserve requirements are set by the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00084-00016592-00016735 board of governors
F3oF1Idnj5M-00085-00016736-00016903 by requiring the banks to keep a
F3oF1Idnj5M-00086-00016904-00017167 percentage of the total money in reserve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00087-00017168-00017375 the fed is restricting the money in
F3oF1Idnj5M-00088-00017376-00017543 circulation in the market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00089-00017544-00017758 the discount rate is also set by the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00090-00017759-00017903 board of governors
F3oF1Idnj5M-00091-00017904-00018158 it is the interest rate charged to banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00092-00018159-00018414 on loans they receive from the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00093-00018415-00018630 there are three types of loans they are
F3oF1Idnj5M-00094-00018631-00018735 the primary credit
F3oF1Idnj5M-00095-00018736-00018999 secondary credit and seasonal credit the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00096-00019000-00019183 open market operations
F3oF1Idnj5M-00097-00019184-00019486 are the responsibilities of fomc the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00098-00019487-00019686 federal open market committee
F3oF1Idnj5M-00099-00019687-00020047 let's talk more about fomc the fomc
F3oF1Idnj5M-00100-00020048-00020335 is part of the federal reserve system it
F3oF1Idnj5M-00101-00020336-00020430 is made up of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00102-00020431-00020735 12 committee members they are the seven
F3oF1Idnj5M-00103-00020736-00020799 members
F3oF1Idnj5M-00104-00020800-00021039 of the board of governors and the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00105-00021040-00021111 president
F3oF1Idnj5M-00106-00021112-00021375 of the federal reserve bank of new york
F3oF1Idnj5M-00107-00021376-00021463 and four
F3oF1Idnj5M-00108-00021464-00021686 of the remaining 11 reserve bank
F3oF1Idnj5M-00109-00021687-00021791 presidents
F3oF1Idnj5M-00110-00021792-00021999 remember the 12 federal reserve banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00111-00022000-00022127 around the country
F3oF1Idnj5M-00112-00022128-00022367 the 12 reserve bank presidents served
F3oF1Idnj5M-00113-00022368-00022494 their one-year terms
F3oF1Idnj5M-00114-00022495-00022807 on the fomc on a rotating basis and the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00115-00022808-00023030 fomc meets eight times a year
F3oF1Idnj5M-00116-00023031-00023319 to make important decisions the fomc is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00117-00023320-00023550 responsible for buying and selling
F3oF1Idnj5M-00118-00023551-00023783 securities in the open market it is also
F3oF1Idnj5M-00119-00023784-00023911 responsible for setting
F3oF1Idnj5M-00120-00023912-00024158 the fed funds rate the fed funds rate is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00121-00024159-00024214 different
F3oF1Idnj5M-00122-00024215-00024430 from the discount rate that we mentioned
F3oF1Idnj5M-00123-00024431-00024550 a minute ago
F3oF1Idnj5M-00124-00024551-00024767 the fed funds rate is a target interest
F3oF1Idnj5M-00125-00024768-00024894 rate for the banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00126-00024895-00025150 to loan their access reserve to each
F3oF1Idnj5M-00127-00025151-00025278 other
F3oF1Idnj5M-00128-00025279-00025478 the discount rate on the other hand is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00129-00025479-00025694 the rate at which the fed loans money to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00130-00025695-00025839 the banks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00131-00025839-00026046 and the discount rate is typically set
F3oF1Idnj5M-00132-00026047-00026295 higher than the fed funds rate by about
F3oF1Idnj5M-00133-00026295-00026431 one percentage point
F3oF1Idnj5M-00134-00026432-00026614 and that's because the fed prefers that
F3oF1Idnj5M-00135-00026616-00026790 banks borrow from each other so that
F3oF1Idnj5M-00136-00026791-00026958 they can continually monitor
F3oF1Idnj5M-00137-00026960-00027246 each other for credit risk the fomc
F3oF1Idnj5M-00138-00027247-00027302 meets
F3oF1Idnj5M-00139-00027304-00027502 roughly eight times a year in recent
F3oF1Idnj5M-00140-00027504-00027727 years the fomc has been meeting
F3oF1Idnj5M-00141-00027727-00027935 on tuesday and wednesday when they do
F3oF1Idnj5M-00142-00027936-00028183 meet the current fed chairman jerome
F3oF1Idnj5M-00143-00028183-00028239 powell
F3oF1Idnj5M-00144-00028239-00028462 usually holds a press conference right
F3oF1Idnj5M-00145-00028463-00028695 after each fomc meeting so that he can
F3oF1Idnj5M-00146-00028695-00028911 summarize the decisions and to answer
F3oF1Idnj5M-00147-00028912-00028983 questions
F3oF1Idnj5M-00148-00028983-00029279 from the reporters the fomc press
F3oF1Idnj5M-00149-00029280-00029374 conferences
F3oF1Idnj5M-00150-00029375-00029590 are watched by many wall street analysts
F3oF1Idnj5M-00151-00029591-00029695 and investors
F3oF1Idnj5M-00152-00029695-00029967 because if you listen carefully to what
F3oF1Idnj5M-00153-00029968-00030095 the fed chairman says
F3oF1Idnj5M-00154-00030095-00030327 and also read the press release from an
F3oF1Idnj5M-00155-00030327-00030462 fomc meeting
F3oF1Idnj5M-00156-00030463-00030687 you can pick up important information
F3oF1Idnj5M-00157-00030688-00030895 that'll help you get ahead of the market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00158-00030895-00031174 and make profitable investment decisions
F3oF1Idnj5M-00159-00031175-00031335 let's review some of the terms
F3oF1Idnj5M-00160-00031336-00031583 we talked about so far we talked about
F3oF1Idnj5M-00161-00031583-00031790 the federal reserve system
F3oF1Idnj5M-00162-00031791-00032231 the fed governors the fed chair the fomc
F3oF1Idnj5M-00163-00032232-00032535 reserve requirements discount rate and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00164-00032536-00032679 the fed funds rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00165-00032680-00032895 with this basic knowledge we're ready to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00166-00032896-00033062 understand how the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00167-00033063-00033335 influences the economy the stock market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00168-00033336-00033423 and ultimately
F3oF1Idnj5M-00169-00033424-00033735 impacts our pocketbooks how does the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00170-00033736-00033839 create money
F3oF1Idnj5M-00171-00033840-00034023 one of the chief responsibilities set
F3oF1Idnj5M-00172-00034024-00034223 out in the federal reserve charter
F3oF1Idnj5M-00173-00034224-00034390 is the management of the total
F3oF1Idnj5M-00174-00034391-00034639 outstanding supply of u.s dollar
F3oF1Idnj5M-00175-00034640-00034887 and dollar substitute in the old days it
F3oF1Idnj5M-00176-00034888-00035079 had to do with printing money
F3oF1Idnj5M-00177-00035080-00035302 the fed decides how much money to create
F3oF1Idnj5M-00178-00035303-00035487 and the u.s treasury department then
F3oF1Idnj5M-00179-00035488-00035646 prints the paper bills or
F3oF1Idnj5M-00180-00035647-00035935 makes the metal coins today most of the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00181-00035936-00035974 money
F3oF1Idnj5M-00182-00035975-00036239 in our economy is kept in electronic
F3oF1Idnj5M-00183-00036240-00036335 forms
F3oF1Idnj5M-00184-00036336-00036543 to create more money the fed can do
F3oF1Idnj5M-00185-00036544-00036687 several things
F3oF1Idnj5M-00186-00036688-00036902 the most common practice for the fed is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00187-00036903-00037062 by us treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00188-00037063-00037407 a.k.a u.s treasury securities
F3oF1Idnj5M-00189-00037408-00037711 these are the ious issued by the u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00190-00037712-00037799 government
F3oF1Idnj5M-00191-00037800-00038159 they include t-bills t-notes and t-bonds
F3oF1Idnj5M-00192-00038160-00038430 for example if the fed wants to inject
F3oF1Idnj5M-00193-00038431-00038711 one billion dollars into the economy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00194-00038712-00038902 it can buy one billion dollars worth of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00195-00038903-00039151 treasury bonds from say citibank
F3oF1Idnj5M-00196-00039152-00039407 the money is then credited to citibank
F3oF1Idnj5M-00197-00039408-00039535 electronically
F3oF1Idnj5M-00198-00039536-00039767 with the money citibank can then lend
F3oF1Idnj5M-00199-00039768-00039951 out the money to different businesses
F3oF1Idnj5M-00200-00039952-00040318 or to home owners by way of mortgages
F3oF1Idnj5M-00201-00040319-00040567 the fed can also loan money to banks for
F3oF1Idnj5M-00202-00040568-00040671 the short term
F3oF1Idnj5M-00203-00040672-00040999 or the fed can use repurchase agreements
F3oF1Idnj5M-00204-00041000-00041239 by buying securities from the banks and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00205-00041240-00041495 keeping the securities overnight
F3oF1Idnj5M-00206-00041496-00041735 by far the most common practice for the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00207-00041736-00041927 fed to increase money supply is to buy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00208-00041928-00042207 u.s treasuries from a bank
F3oF1Idnj5M-00209-00042208-00042383 if you like what you've seen so far i'd
F3oF1Idnj5M-00210-00042384-00042567 like to encourage you to click the like
F3oF1Idnj5M-00211-00042568-00042799 subscribe and notification button that
F3oF1Idnj5M-00212-00042800-00042951 will encourage me to make more
F3oF1Idnj5M-00213-00042952-00043151 videos like this in the future it'll
F3oF1Idnj5M-00214-00043152-00043343 also help you to direct more
F3oF1Idnj5M-00215-00043344-00043535 viewers to my channel thank you very
F3oF1Idnj5M-00216-00043536-00043702 much let's continue
F3oF1Idnj5M-00217-00043703-00043935 to understand how the fed policies
F3oF1Idnj5M-00218-00043936-00044111 affect our pocketbooks
F3oF1Idnj5M-00219-00044112-00044311 we have to watch for several things
F3oF1Idnj5M-00220-00044312-00044543 first of all it's a fed funds rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00221-00044544-00044718 when the fed increases the fed funds
F3oF1Idnj5M-00222-00044719-00044846 rate it drives up
F3oF1Idnj5M-00223-00044847-00045055 the interest rate for commercial loans
F3oF1Idnj5M-00224-00045056-00045167 and mortgages
F3oF1Idnj5M-00225-00045168-00045343 that increases the cost of doing
F3oF1Idnj5M-00226-00045344-00045502 business therefore
F3oF1Idnj5M-00227-00045503-00045743 when a fed funds rate goes up the stock
F3oF1Idnj5M-00228-00045744-00045967 market usually goes down
F3oF1Idnj5M-00229-00045968-00046215 this is a chart of the fed funds rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00230-00046216-00046279 and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00231-00046280-00046574 s smp 500 the blue line is the fed funds
F3oF1Idnj5M-00232-00046575-00046623 rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00233-00046624-00046958 and the orange line is s p 500 index
F3oF1Idnj5M-00234-00046959-00047223 for example when the fed started to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00235-00047224-00047415 raise the fed funds rate in april and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00236-00047416-00047499 may of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00237-00047500-00047830 2018 smp 500
F3oF1Idnj5M-00238-00047831-00048071 started to go down here it was also
F3oF1Idnj5M-00239-00048072-00048271 because of the increasing trade tension
F3oF1Idnj5M-00240-00048272-00048511 between the us and china after the s p
F3oF1Idnj5M-00241-00048512-00048646 took almost a 30
F3oF1Idnj5M-00242-00048647-00048862 drop the fed decided to stop raising
F3oF1Idnj5M-00243-00048863-00048974 interest rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00244-00048975-00049279 and then snp started to recover after
F3oF1Idnj5M-00245-00049280-00049311 that
F3oF1Idnj5M-00246-00049312-00049567 snp started to go horizontal again and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00247-00049568-00049783 then the fed decided to lower the rate
F3oF1Idnj5M-00248-00049784-00050030 the market then started to go up in the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00249-00050031-00050207 beginning of 2020
F3oF1Idnj5M-00250-00050208-00050527 here when the covet pandemic started snp
F3oF1Idnj5M-00251-00050528-00050790 dropped quickly to stimulate the economy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00252-00050791-00050839 the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00253-00050840-00051151 decided to drop the rate to almost zero
F3oF1Idnj5M-00254-00051152-00051423 smp then started to recover because of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00255-00051424-00051519 the near zero
F3oF1Idnj5M-00256-00051520-00051758 interest rate and because of qe
F3oF1Idnj5M-00257-00051759-00051958 quantitative easing which we will talk
F3oF1Idnj5M-00258-00051959-00052119 about in a minute
F3oF1Idnj5M-00259-00052120-00052294 let's look at another important action
F3oF1Idnj5M-00260-00052295-00052463 from the fed which is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00261-00052464-00052782 asset buying or quantitative easing or
F3oF1Idnj5M-00262-00052783-00053047 qe the fed has been buying and selling
F3oF1Idnj5M-00263-00053048-00053087 u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00264-00053088-00053319 treasury securities for many years in
F3oF1Idnj5M-00265-00053320-00053415 2008
F3oF1Idnj5M-00266-00053416-00053623 because of the great recession the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00267-00053624-00053799 significantly increased the u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00268-00053800-00053935 treasuries they bought
F3oF1Idnj5M-00269-00053936-00054175 thereby injecting more money into the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00270-00054176-00054391 system to stimulate the economy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00271-00054391-00054559 more money in the economy helps the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00272-00054560-00054759 businesses it also helps the stock
F3oF1Idnj5M-00273-00054760-00054799 market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00274-00054800-00055071 move higher when the fed buys more u.s
F3oF1Idnj5M-00275-00055072-00055142 treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00276-00055144-00055399 they are recorded on its balance sheet
F3oF1Idnj5M-00277-00055400-00055454 as
F3oF1Idnj5M-00278-00055455-00055759 asset therefore the term increasing fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00279-00055760-00055807 asset
F3oF1Idnj5M-00280-00055808-00056007 is synonymous to asset buying and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00281-00056008-00056247 quantitative easing or qe
F3oF1Idnj5M-00282-00056248-00056511 in 2020 because of the covert pandemic
F3oF1Idnj5M-00283-00056512-00056694 and the mandatory shutdown of schools
F3oF1Idnj5M-00284-00056695-00056823 and many businesses
F3oF1Idnj5M-00285-00056824-00057094 the fed initiated another round of qe
F3oF1Idnj5M-00286-00057095-00057319 this chart shows the total fat assets
F3oF1Idnj5M-00287-00057320-00057735 and s p 500 index since 2019
F3oF1Idnj5M-00288-00057736-00058015 the orange line is the s p 500 index and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00289-00058016-00058094 the blue line
F3oF1Idnj5M-00290-00058095-00058335 is a total fat asset when the covert
F3oF1Idnj5M-00291-00058336-00058407 pandemic
F3oF1Idnj5M-00292-00058408-00058638 started in the u.s in the beginning of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00293-00058639-00058815 february 2020
F3oF1Idnj5M-00294-00058816-00059054 the snp index dropped quickly in
F3oF1Idnj5M-00295-00059055-00059191 addition to lowering the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00296-00059191-00059430 fed funds rate to near zero the fed
F3oF1Idnj5M-00297-00059432-00059511 stepped up
F3oF1Idnj5M-00298-00059512-00059719 its asset buying and increased the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00299-00059720-00059879 balance sheet from
F3oF1Idnj5M-00300-00059879-00060166 four trillion dollars to seven trillion
F3oF1Idnj5M-00301-00060167-00060223 dollars
F3oF1Idnj5M-00302-00060224-00060487 in just three to four months the stock
F3oF1Idnj5M-00303-00060488-00060542 market
F3oF1Idnj5M-00304-00060544-00060819 finally started to recover from july of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00305-00060820-00061063 2020 to today the fed has been
F3oF1Idnj5M-00306-00061064-00061135 increasing
F3oF1Idnj5M-00307-00061136-00061454 its asset buying by about 120 billion
F3oF1Idnj5M-00308-00061455-00061559 dollars a month
F3oF1Idnj5M-00309-00061560-00061703 and that's because the fed wants to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00310-00061704-00061903 continue to stimulate the economy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00311-00061904-00062103 to create more job opportunities for
F3oF1Idnj5M-00312-00062104-00062399 people once the fed starts to slow down
F3oF1Idnj5M-00313-00062400-00062654 its asset buying the stock market is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00314-00062655-00062782 expected to stop
F3oF1Idnj5M-00315-00062783-00063006 going up or the market might even start
F3oF1Idnj5M-00316-00063007-00063142 to go down
F3oF1Idnj5M-00317-00063144-00063511 one aspect of qe that many analysts fail
F3oF1Idnj5M-00318-00063512-00063606 to mention
F3oF1Idnj5M-00319-00063607-00063815 is that as a fed by some more us
F3oF1Idnj5M-00320-00063816-00063911 treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00321-00063912-00064119 it has a net effect of lowering the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00322-00064120-00064359 interest rates for u.s treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00323-00064360-00064599 why because the fed is buying a lot of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00324-00064600-00064719 u.s treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00325-00064720-00064999 the demand for u.s treasuries go up the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00326-00065000-00065175 interest rate will then go down
F3oF1Idnj5M-00327-00065176-00065479 in the treasury options therefore qe is
F3oF1Idnj5M-00328-00065479-00065567 another way
F3oF1Idnj5M-00329-00065568-00065831 for the fed to lower the interest rates
F3oF1Idnj5M-00330-00065832-00065999 in fact by selectively buying the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00331-00066000-00066247 two-year 10-year and 30-year treasuries
F3oF1Idnj5M-00332-00066248-00066503 et cetera the fed can selectively
F3oF1Idnj5M-00333-00066504-00066559 influence
F3oF1Idnj5M-00334-00066560-00066775 interest rates for u.s treasuries of
F3oF1Idnj5M-00335-00066776-00066935 different maturities
F3oF1Idnj5M-00336-00066936-00067143 and thereby changing the yield curve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00337-00067144-00067343 that's called operation twist
F3oF1Idnj5M-00338-00067344-00067591 which is another tool that the fed uses
F3oF1Idnj5M-00339-00067592-00067775 to fine-tune the economy
F3oF1Idnj5M-00340-00067776-00067975 you can read more about the yield curve
F3oF1Idnj5M-00341-00067976-00068135 and operation twist
F3oF1Idnj5M-00342-00068136-00068350 and other information about the fed by
F3oF1Idnj5M-00343-00068351-00068606 checking out the links below this video
F3oF1Idnj5M-00344-00068607-00068903 since the fed funds rate and fat asset
F3oF1Idnj5M-00345-00068904-00069006 buying
F3oF1Idnj5M-00346-00069007-00069279 are both decided in the fomc meetings it
F3oF1Idnj5M-00347-00069280-00069367 is important
F3oF1Idnj5M-00348-00069368-00069606 to watch whether the fed has decided to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00349-00069607-00069671 change
F3oF1Idnj5M-00350-00069672-00069911 any of these two things after each fomc
F3oF1Idnj5M-00351-00069912-00070031 meeting
F3oF1Idnj5M-00352-00070032-00070231 sometimes it's important to read between
F3oF1Idnj5M-00353-00070232-00070447 the lines in those fomc
F3oF1Idnj5M-00354-00070448-00070655 press conferences to see whether the
F3oF1Idnj5M-00355-00070656-00070782 fomc members
F3oF1Idnj5M-00356-00070783-00070975 are thinking about increasing the funds
F3oF1Idnj5M-00357-00070976-00071103 rate or thinking about
F3oF1Idnj5M-00358-00071104-00071375 tapering qe in the near future thank you
F3oF1Idnj5M-00359-00071376-00071535 for watching all the way here
F3oF1Idnj5M-00360-00071536-00071743 i hope you find this video helpful and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00361-00071744-00071935 interesting i like to encourage you to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00362-00071936-00072150 subscribe to both my youtube channel
F3oF1Idnj5M-00363-00072151-00072326 and my twitter account so that you will
F3oF1Idnj5M-00364-00072327-00072526 receive the latest updates
F3oF1Idnj5M-00365-00072527-00072767 as usual you can send me your comments
F3oF1Idnj5M-00366-00072768-00072975 questions and suggestions by way of my
F3oF1Idnj5M-00367-00072976-00073182 youtube channel and also to my twitter
F3oF1Idnj5M-00368-00073183-00073255 account
F3oF1Idnj5M-00369-00073256-00073399 i'd like to remind you that i'm not a
F3oF1Idnj5M-00370-00073400-00073567 financial advisor i share my stock
F3oF1Idnj5M-00371-00073568-00073711 trading strategies for
F3oF1Idnj5M-00372-00073712-00073950 educational purpose only if you want to
F3oF1Idnj5M-00373-00073951-00074062 buy or sell stock
F3oF1Idnj5M-00374-00074063-00074223 you should make your own decision and
F3oF1Idnj5M-00375-00074224-00074343 you should definitely consult with your
F3oF1Idnj5M-00376-00074344-00074535 financial advisors before you do so
F3oF1Idnj5M-00377-00074536-00074767 just wrap up my video for now i will
F3oF1Idnj5M-00378-00074768-00074943 chat with you again in the next few days
F3oF1Idnj5M-00379-00074944-00075094 in the meanwhile i'd like to wish you
F3oF1Idnj5M-00380-00075095-00075215 the very best of luck with your
F3oF1Idnj5M-00381-00075216-00075744 financial investments
F4HfwmIqj-g-00000-00000000-00001107 I like Contreras better
F4HfwmIqj-g-00001-00001108-00001697 [Laughter]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00000-00000000-00000519 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00001-00000520-00000719 this video presents the most important
F5lVkH5yEOA-00002-00000720-00000886 social and political events that
F5lVkH5yEOA-00003-00000888-00001103 unfolded in athens from the 7th century
F5lVkH5yEOA-00004-00001104-00001311 bc to the beginning of the athenian
F5lVkH5yEOA-00005-00001312-00001623 democracy in 449 bc along with the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00006-00001623-00002007 personalities involved in the process
F5lVkH5yEOA-00007-00002007-00002263 athenian democracy was a unique model of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00008-00002264-00002583 political organization and 2 500 years
F5lVkH5yEOA-00009-00002584-00002775 on it is still a wonderful and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00010-00002776-00003071 functional model of direct democracy
F5lVkH5yEOA-00011-00003072-00003279 the participation of all citizens of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00012-00003279-00003559 athens the democratic institutions and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00013-00003560-00003767 the freedom of expression made the city
F5lVkH5yEOA-00014-00003768-00003967 the biggest scientific and cultural
F5lVkH5yEOA-00015-00003968-00004206 center of that period
F5lVkH5yEOA-00016-00004207-00004383 it also became the home of the most
F5lVkH5yEOA-00017-00004384-00004599 famous ancient greek philosophers
F5lVkH5yEOA-00018-00004600-00004959 scientists poets and artists like plato
F5lVkH5yEOA-00019-00004960-00005102 socrates
F5lVkH5yEOA-00020-00005103-00005231 aeschylus
F5lVkH5yEOA-00021-00005232-00005374 and sophocles
F5lVkH5yEOA-00022-00005375-00005495 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00023-00005496-00005654 the foundations of the athenian
F5lVkH5yEOA-00024-00005655-00005918 democracy laid by clistinees followed
F5lVkH5yEOA-00025-00005919-00006367 the path set by solon a few years before
F5lVkH5yEOA-00026-00006368-00006575 the maturation of this new concept of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00027-00006576-00006839 governance lasted about 200 years from
F5lVkH5yEOA-00028-00006840-00007255 700 bc to 449 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00029-00007256-00007463 it was a process that emerged through
F5lVkH5yEOA-00030-00007464-00007759 tyranny social unrest and intellectual
F5lVkH5yEOA-00031-00007759-00008519 rise
F5lVkH5yEOA-00032-00008520-00008799 7th century bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00033-00008800-00008974 the kingdom had declined and the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00034-00008975-00009183 athenian state was evolving into an
F5lVkH5yEOA-00035-00009184-00009383 aristocratic one
F5lVkH5yEOA-00036-00009384-00009606 draco gave political rights to a wider
F5lVkH5yEOA-00037-00009607-00009823 portion of athenians and codified the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00038-00009824-00010039 law by providing severe penalties for
F5lVkH5yEOA-00039-00010040-00010206 violators
F5lVkH5yEOA-00040-00010207-00010463 this period was also characterized by
F5lVkH5yEOA-00041-00010464-00010678 great social unrest due to the high
F5lVkH5yEOA-00042-00010679-00011046 debts of farmers
F5lVkH5yEOA-00043-00011047-00011406 draco was the first legislator of athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00044-00011407-00011599 he replaced the prevailing system of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00045-00011600-00011855 oral law with written law to be enforced
F5lVkH5yEOA-00046-00011856-00012038 by a court of law he was the first
F5lVkH5yEOA-00047-00012039-00012255 democratic legislator requested by the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00048-00012256-00012463 citizens of athens to be a logger for
F5lVkH5yEOA-00049-00012464-00012655 the city but the citizens had not
F5lVkH5yEOA-00050-00012656-00012855 expected that draco would establish such
F5lVkH5yEOA-00051-00012856-00013055 severe laws
F5lVkH5yEOA-00052-00013056-00013303 for example any debtor whose status was
F5lVkH5yEOA-00053-00013304-00013463 lower than that of his creditor was
F5lVkH5yEOA-00054-00013463-00013679 forced into slavery
F5lVkH5yEOA-00055-00013680-00013958 nowadays the adjective draconian is used
F5lVkH5yEOA-00056-00013959-00014207 to express hardness both in greek and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00057-00014208-00014471 english languages
F5lVkH5yEOA-00058-00014472-00014703 6th century bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00059-00014704-00014903 solon and his reforms smoothed out
F5lVkH5yEOA-00060-00014904-00015127 social unrest and opened the way for the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00061-00015128-00015455 formation of a democratic state
F5lVkH5yEOA-00062-00015456-00015735 solon was an athenian statesman lawmaker
F5lVkH5yEOA-00063-00015736-00015894 and poet
F5lVkH5yEOA-00064-00015895-00016079 he is remembered particularly for his
F5lVkH5yEOA-00065-00016080-00016238 efforts to legislate against the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00066-00016240-00016519 political economic and moral decline in
F5lVkH5yEOA-00067-00016520-00016719 archaic athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00068-00016720-00016991 for many historians his reforms failed
F5lVkH5yEOA-00069-00016992-00017183 in the short term
F5lVkH5yEOA-00070-00017184-00017407 nowadays is credited with having laid
F5lVkH5yEOA-00071-00017408-00017639 the foundations for athenian democracy
F5lVkH5yEOA-00072-00017640-00017847 that was completed by clistinees and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00073-00017848-00018022 pericles
F5lVkH5yEOA-00074-00018023-00018239 during this century tyron pissastrados
F5lVkH5yEOA-00075-00018240-00018422 came to power and contributed to the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00076-00018423-00018639 economic and spiritual progress of the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00077-00018640-00018743 city
F5lVkH5yEOA-00078-00018744-00018975 pisistratos was a ruler of ancient
F5lVkH5yEOA-00079-00018976-00019486 athens between 561 and 527 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00080-00019487-00019719 his unification of attica along with
F5lVkH5yEOA-00081-00019720-00019943 economic and cultural improvements laid
F5lVkH5yEOA-00082-00019944-00020127 the groundwork for the later preeminence
F5lVkH5yEOA-00083-00020128-00020391 of athens in ancient greece
F5lVkH5yEOA-00084-00020392-00020607 his legacy lies primarily in his
F5lVkH5yEOA-00085-00020608-00020894 institution of the panathenaic festival
F5lVkH5yEOA-00086-00020895-00021135 while in power he did not hesitate to
F5lVkH5yEOA-00087-00021136-00021350 confront the aristocracy of the city and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00088-00021351-00021567 reduce their privileges confiscating
F5lVkH5yEOA-00089-00021568-00021855 their lands and giving them to the poor
F5lVkH5yEOA-00090-00021856-00022071 pissistratos funded many religious and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00091-00022072-00022319 artistic programs in order to improve
F5lVkH5yEOA-00092-00022320-00022519 the economy and spread the wealth among
F5lVkH5yEOA-00093-00022520-00022743 the citizens of athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00094-00022744-00023007 in his time the epics of homer iliad and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00095-00023008-00023239 odyssey were written and the first large
F5lVkH5yEOA-00096-00023240-00023486 temple of the goddess athena today named
F5lVkH5yEOA-00097-00023487-00023703 by the archaeologists as the primary
F5lVkH5yEOA-00098-00023704-00023935 parthenon was built
F5lVkH5yEOA-00099-00023936-00024111 almost a hundred years later the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00100-00024112-00024294 parthenon was to be erected on the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00101-00024295-00024506 foundations of this temple
F5lVkH5yEOA-00102-00024507-00024627 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00103-00024628-00024942 527 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00104-00024943-00025199 pisistratos died and his sons hippies
F5lVkH5yEOA-00105-00025200-00025450 and hipparchus took over
F5lVkH5yEOA-00106-00025451-00025806 514 bc hipparchus was assassinated by
F5lVkH5yEOA-00107-00025807-00026062 armodius and aristagi eaton who went
F5lVkH5yEOA-00108-00026063-00026427 down in history as the tyrannocides
F5lVkH5yEOA-00109-00026427-00026631 510 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00110-00026632-00026935 the fall of tyranny
F5lVkH5yEOA-00111-00026936-00027151 the term pteranocides is attributed to
F5lVkH5yEOA-00112-00027152-00027431 our modius in aristoten two lovers in
F5lVkH5yEOA-00113-00027432-00027607 ancient athens who murdered in the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00114-00027608-00027918 summer of 514 bc hipparchus brother of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00115-00027919-00028118 the tyrant hippies due to personal
F5lVkH5yEOA-00116-00028119-00028407 revenge and sexual rivalry
F5lVkH5yEOA-00117-00028408-00028646 after the establishment of democracy the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00118-00028647-00028807 athenians honored them as the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00119-00028808-00029046 tyrannocides and erected a group of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00120-00029047-00029255 statues made of bronze in the cultural
F5lVkH5yEOA-00121-00029256-00029483 and economic center of the city the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00122-00029483-00029758 agora after the defeat of the greek
F5lVkH5yEOA-00123-00029760-00029967 forces in the naval battle of artemisium
F5lVkH5yEOA-00124-00029968-00030111 and the spartans in the battle of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00125-00030112-00030343 thermopylae the statue work of the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00126-00030344-00030558 sculptor antenna was taken by the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00127-00030560-00030783 persians during their invasion in athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00128-00030783-00031031 in 480 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00129-00031032-00031414 508 to 507 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00130-00031416-00031599 clistinees laid the foundations of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00131-00031600-00031814 athenian democracy with his radical
F5lVkH5yEOA-00132-00031816-00032239 reforms
F5lVkH5yEOA-00133-00032239-00032614 clistonese was born in 570 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00134-00032616-00032823 he was a statesman the founder of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00135-00032824-00033046 athenian democracy and the lord of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00136-00033047-00033502 athens from 525 to 524 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00137-00033503-00033711 plus the knees successfully allied with
F5lVkH5yEOA-00138-00033712-00033918 the popular assembly against the nobles
F5lVkH5yEOA-00139-00033919-00034199 and imposed democratic reform
F5lVkH5yEOA-00140-00034200-00034439 for most historians the most important
F5lVkH5yEOA-00141-00034440-00034615 innovation of clistinees was that he
F5lVkH5yEOA-00142-00034616-00034831 gave wider political responsibility to
F5lVkH5yEOA-00143-00034832-00035039 the citizens of athens introducing the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00144-00035040-00035255 10 tribes of attica to take the place of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00145-00035256-00035527 the four ionic blood tribes
F5lVkH5yEOA-00146-00035528-00035702 he also increased the members of the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00147-00035703-00035911 council of 400 which was introduced
F5lVkH5yEOA-00148-00035912-00036135 according to aristotle by draco or
F5lVkH5yEOA-00149-00036136-00036407 according to plutarch by solon to 500
F5lVkH5yEOA-00150-00036408-00036551 members
F5lVkH5yEOA-00151-00036552-00036735 he also introduced the concept of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00152-00036736-00037006 isonemia where all citizens were equal
F5lVkH5yEOA-00153-00037007-00037130 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00154-00037131-00037399 449 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00155-00037400-00037607 the democratic state was completed with
F5lVkH5yEOA-00156-00037608-00037959 the reforms of pericles and effialties
F5lVkH5yEOA-00157-00037960-00038151 athens became the cultural center of the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00158-00038152-00038351 developed world and the grand investment
F5lVkH5yEOA-00159-00038352-00038655 program of pericles began
F5lVkH5yEOA-00160-00038656-00038895 effie altis was an athenian politician
F5lVkH5yEOA-00161-00038896-00039079 and an early leader of the democratic
F5lVkH5yEOA-00162-00039080-00039223 movement
F5lVkH5yEOA-00163-00039224-00039583 in the late 460s bc he oversaw reforms
F5lVkH5yEOA-00164-00039584-00039711 that diminished the power of the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00165-00039712-00039951 areopagus a traditional bastion of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00166-00039952-00040174 conservatism and which are considered by
F5lVkH5yEOA-00167-00040175-00040359 many modern historians to mark the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00168-00040360-00040535 beginning of the radical democracy for
F5lVkH5yEOA-00169-00040536-00040807 which athens would become famous
F5lVkH5yEOA-00170-00040808-00041030 these reforms included the control of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00171-00041031-00041207 office holders and the judicial
F5lVkH5yEOA-00172-00041208-00041471 functions in state trials
F5lVkH5yEOA-00173-00041472-00041671 he introduced pay for public office
F5lVkH5yEOA-00174-00041672-00041846 holders reduced the property
F5lVkH5yEOA-00175-00041847-00042030 qualifications for holding a public
F5lVkH5yEOA-00176-00042031-00042287 office and created a new definition of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00177-00042288-00042455 citizenship
F5lVkH5yEOA-00178-00042456-00042695 effialties however would not live to
F5lVkH5yEOA-00179-00042696-00042871 participate in this new form of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00180-00042872-00043079 government for long
F5lVkH5yEOA-00181-00043080-00043479 in 461 bc he was assassinated probably
F5lVkH5yEOA-00182-00043480-00043630 at the instigation of resentful
F5lVkH5yEOA-00183-00043631-00043846 oligarchs and the political leadership
F5lVkH5yEOA-00184-00043847-00044192 of athens passed to his deputy pericles
F5lVkH5yEOA-00185-00044193-00044599 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00186-00044600-00044823 pericles was a prominent statesman and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00187-00044824-00045039 general of athens during the golden age
F5lVkH5yEOA-00188-00045040-00045207 of athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00189-00045208-00045446 his name in greek means surrounded by
F5lVkH5yEOA-00190-00045447-00045590 glory
F5lVkH5yEOA-00191-00045591-00045799 so profound was his influence that the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00192-00045800-00046015 period in which he led athens has been
F5lVkH5yEOA-00193-00046016-00046318 called the golden age of pericles
F5lVkH5yEOA-00194-00046319-00046590 his influence on athenian society was so
F5lVkH5yEOA-00195-00046591-00046815 great that thucuditis called him the
F5lVkH5yEOA-00196-00046816-00047062 first citizen of athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00197-00047063-00047255 pericles led the delian league forward
F5lVkH5yEOA-00198-00047256-00047479 to form the athenian alliance and guided
F5lVkH5yEOA-00199-00047480-00047646 his countrymen during the first two
F5lVkH5yEOA-00200-00047647-00047935 years of the peloponnesian war
F5lVkH5yEOA-00201-00047936-00048174 he promoted the arts literature and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00202-00048175-00048399 philosophy and gave freedom to some of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00203-00048400-00048590 the most inspired writers and thinkers
F5lVkH5yEOA-00204-00048591-00048758 of his time
F5lVkH5yEOA-00205-00048759-00049030 during the golden age of pericles athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00206-00049031-00049335 blossomed as a center of education art
F5lVkH5yEOA-00207-00049336-00049551 culture and democracy of the ancient
F5lVkH5yEOA-00208-00049552-00049695 world
F5lVkH5yEOA-00209-00049696-00049815 artists
F5lVkH5yEOA-00210-00049816-00050111 sculptors and architects poets
F5lVkH5yEOA-00211-00050112-00050351 playwrights and philosophers all found
F5lVkH5yEOA-00212-00050352-00050583 athens an exciting enlivening atmosphere
F5lVkH5yEOA-00213-00050584-00050755 for their work
F5lVkH5yEOA-00214-00050756-00051007 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00215-00051008-00051199 impact of the new governance model on
F5lVkH5yEOA-00216-00051200-00051702 the city-state of athens
F5lVkH5yEOA-00217-00051703-00051919 the democracy resulted in the emergence
F5lVkH5yEOA-00218-00051920-00052102 of the most intelligent and inventive
F5lVkH5yEOA-00219-00052103-00052414 leaders acknowledges the mysticals and
F5lVkH5yEOA-00220-00052415-00052532 aristides
F5lVkH5yEOA-00221-00052533-00052742 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00222-00052744-00052975 a natural consequence of the economic
F5lVkH5yEOA-00223-00052976-00053175 political and cultural development of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00224-00053176-00053375 the city was its hegemony over the other
F5lVkH5yEOA-00225-00053376-00053591 developed greek city-states like sparta
F5lVkH5yEOA-00226-00053591-00053830 corinth and thebes and the military
F5lVkH5yEOA-00227-00053832-00054038 victory over the persian empire after
F5lVkH5yEOA-00228-00054039-00054215 the defeat of the persians in the battle
F5lVkH5yEOA-00229-00054216-00054535 of marathon in 490 bc the naval battle
F5lVkH5yEOA-00230-00054536-00054847 of salamis in 480 bc and the battle of
F5lVkH5yEOA-00231-00054848-00055766 platea in 479 bc
F5lVkH5yEOA-00232-00055767-00055975 if you want to extend your research have
F5lVkH5yEOA-00233-00055976-00056135 a look to the description of the video
F5lVkH5yEOA-00234-00056136-00056526 for more links and sources
F5lVkH5yEOA-00235-00056527-00056750 did you like this video give us a thumbs
F5lVkH5yEOA-00236-00056751-00057319 up and subscribe to support our channel
F5lVkH5yEOA-00237-00057320-00058335 [Music]
F5lVkH5yEOA-00238-00058336-00058544 you
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00000-00000071-00000254 welcome to electron line and here's our
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00001-00000256-00000438 next example of how to draw a lewis
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00002-00000440-00000567 structure in this case we're going to
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00003-00000568-00000935 take a look at dichlorodifluoromethane
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00004-00000936-00001103 so that sounds like it's going to be
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00005-00001104-00001295 like a methane molecule but instead of
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00006-00001296-00001454 the hydrogen it's going to have
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00007-00001455-00001751 chlorine and fluorine atoms so let's try
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00008-00001752-00001863 to figure out what this
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00009-00001864-00002055 should look like well first of all
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00010-00002056-00002183 here's the
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00011-00002184-00002502 molecule and of the three carbon has the
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00012-00002503-00002658 lowest
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00013-00002659-00002863 electronegativity so we expect that to
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00014-00002864-00002975 be in the center
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00015-00002976-00003191 the name kind of gives it away that yeah
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00016-00003192-00003311 since it's methane
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00017-00003311-00003479 like like a methane like structure you
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00018-00003479-00003686 expect carbon to be in the center
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00019-00003688-00003983 it also has only four vanes electrons
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00020-00003984-00004054 compared to
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00021-00004055-00004231 fluorine and chlorine which have seven
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00022-00004232-00004447 so yes carbon is the candidate
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00023-00004448-00004631 to be in the center and fluorine
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00024-00004632-00004806 chlorine expect them to be
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00025-00004807-00005111 on the outside furthermore chlorine
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00026-00005112-00005527 i mean carbon has four valence electrons
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00027-00005528-00005879 fluorine has seven valence electrons and
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00028-00005880-00006015 there's two of those
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00029-00006016-00006302 and then chlorine also has seven valence
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00030-00006303-00006478 electrons and there's two of those
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00031-00006479-00006839 so we have a total of 4 14
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00032-00006840-00007214 and 14 that's 32 valence electrons
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00033-00007215-00007391 available to make all the bonds
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00034-00007392-00007567 we expect carbon to be in the middle so
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00035-00007568-00007710 let's put carbon in the middle
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00036-00007711-00008031 and then we expect fluorine and
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00037-00008031-00008374 chlorine to be on the outside like that
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00038-00008375-00008519 and so we could probably start with
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00039-00008520-00008783 making a single bond between all of them
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00040-00008784-00009031 now notice since carbon only has four
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00041-00009032-00009206 valence electrons they can only make
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00042-00009207-00009431 four bonds like that so it looks like we
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00043-00009432-00009646 have figured out all our bonds
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00044-00009647-00009887 now let's see how many valence electrons
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00045-00009888-00010087 we have left for fluorine since it used
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00046-00010088-00010271 one in the bond they had seven to start
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00047-00010272-00010319 with
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00048-00010320-00010551 it has six more so let's draw in the
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00049-00010552-00010646 other six
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00050-00010647-00011023 like so same for this one
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00051-00011024-00011303 and since chlorine has the same number
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00052-00011304-00011503 of vans electrons fluorine you expect
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00053-00011504-00011663 the same number of valence electrons
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00054-00011664-00011727 here
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00055-00011728-00012063 like so
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00056-00012064-00012399 and like so
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00057-00012400-00012567 not doing a good job of putting those in
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00058-00012568-00012799 the appropriate place so let me try that
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00059-00012800-00013015 again that looks a little bit better
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00060-00013016-00013230 when you put them like that
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00061-00013231-00013415 okay so let's now see if we have the
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00062-00013416-00013599 octet rule obeyed
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00063-00013600-00013822 we have six plus two that means eight
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00064-00013823-00013903 for fluorine
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00065-00013904-00014175 six plus two eight for chlorine six plus
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00066-00014176-00014358 two eight for chlorine and six plus two
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00067-00014359-00014527 eight for fluorine so octet rule is
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00068-00014528-00014655 followed for these four
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00069-00014656-00014894 atoms for carbon we have two four six
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00070-00014895-00015111 eight carbon also has eight valence
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00071-00015112-00015286 electrons at least part of the time
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00072-00015287-00015430 because there is sharing going
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00073-00015431-00015647 taking place so it looks like the octet
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00074-00015647-00015743 rule is
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00075-00015744-00016150 followed all right so octet rule
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00076-00016151-00016415 we have a check mark for that how about
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00077-00016416-00016550 the number of valence electrons we
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00078-00016551-00016743 should have used a total of 32
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00079-00016744-00017030 so we have 2 4 6 here plus 6 plus 6 plus
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00080-00017031-00017143 6 so that's 6
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00081-00017144-00017455 plus 6 plus 6 plus 6 and 2
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00082-00017456-00017767 4 6 8 plus 8 more in the bonding that's
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00083-00017768-00018007 24 plus 8 which is 32
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00084-00018008-00018279 32 means yes we used up all the valence
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00085-00018280-00018375 electron there's no
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00086-00018376-00018614 excess no shortage looks like we obeyed
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00087-00018615-00018694 all the rules
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00088-00018695-00018871 we have ourselves the lewis structure of
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00089-00018872-00019255 what we call dichloro difluoromethane
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00090-00019256-00019447 and that's how we do that so it's pretty
F5SPlMGZ2Su-00091-00019448-00019920 simple when you follow the rules
F76rTl5wjZM-00000-00000056-00000415 hey you'll never get a girlfriend
F76rTl5wjZM-00001-00000416-00000647 you got that piece of car you ain't
F76rTl5wjZM-00002-00000648-00000782 got no job
F76rTl5wjZM-00003-00000783-00001015 look at you you need to get a haircut
F76rTl5wjZM-00004-00001016-00001150 are you gay
F76rTl5wjZM-00005-00001151-00001366 you got hyperhidrosis look at how much
F76rTl5wjZM-00006-00001367-00001726 you sweat
F76rTl5wjZM-00007-00001727-00002079 and so forth and so forth hating ass
F76rTl5wjZM-00008-00002080-00002407 man-hating women have told me this
F76rTl5wjZM-00009-00002408-00002726 two very dear ones at that to my face
F76rTl5wjZM-00010-00002727-00003063 yeah my ex-wife and my ex-best friend
F76rTl5wjZM-00011-00003064-00003254 the two g's their pictures are on the
F76rTl5wjZM-00012-00003255-00003503 wall and i will name names
F76rTl5wjZM-00013-00003504-00003711 welcome back to the shimmy show today i
F76rTl5wjZM-00014-00003711-00003895 am doing an episode
F76rTl5wjZM-00015-00003896-00004311 about man haters man haters man lovers
F76rTl5wjZM-00016-00004312-00004591 what else could we talk about mgtow my
F76rTl5wjZM-00017-00004592-00004695 time i went to
F76rTl5wjZM-00018-00004696-00005022 uh i attended a women's studies class in
F76rTl5wjZM-00019-00005023-00005215 university i'm going to talk about that
F76rTl5wjZM-00020-00005216-00005391 and i'm going to tie all these things in
F76rTl5wjZM-00021-00005392-00005591 here together today
F76rTl5wjZM-00022-00005592-00005927 to tell you folks about especially guys
F76rTl5wjZM-00023-00005928-00006118 in particular
F76rTl5wjZM-00024-00006119-00006406 how to not your life up with uh
F76rTl5wjZM-00025-00006408-00006575 man-hating women
F76rTl5wjZM-00026-00006576-00006831 kind of crucial or whatever i like doing
F76rTl5wjZM-00027-00006831-00006983 these kind of shows to help people and
F76rTl5wjZM-00028-00006984-00007078 so
F76rTl5wjZM-00029-00007079-00007295 i'm going to use what i have learned and
F76rTl5wjZM-00030-00007295-00007478 hopefully
F76rTl5wjZM-00031-00007479-00007710 transmute it and input it to you guys
F76rTl5wjZM-00032-00007711-00007951 brains via this youtube video or channel
F76rTl5wjZM-00033-00007952-00008142 or wherever i upload this to
F76rTl5wjZM-00034-00008143-00008327 before they decide to delete my account
F76rTl5wjZM-00035-00008328-00008599 and permanently ban block all my videos
F76rTl5wjZM-00036-00008600-00008863 so uh listen up and follow along alright
F76rTl5wjZM-00037-00008864-00009055 this is hashtag the shemi show give me a
F76rTl5wjZM-00038-00009056-00009206 thumbs up if you like it and share it if
F76rTl5wjZM-00039-00009207-00009383 the info helps okay
F76rTl5wjZM-00040-00009384-00009824 now let's go get into it
F9iLcmwn4wU-00000-00000008-00000191 hi i'm carly with the culture project
F9iLcmwn4wU-00001-00000192-00000327 and today we're going to talk about the
F9iLcmwn4wU-00002-00000328-00000574 feminine genius when i was younger i
F9iLcmwn4wU-00003-00000575-00000782 would have called myself a tomboy i
F9iLcmwn4wU-00004-00000783-00000966 loved wearing basketball shorts
F9iLcmwn4wU-00005-00000967-00001143 sweatshirts i loved getting sweaty on
F9iLcmwn4wU-00006-00001144-00001335 the soccer field my favorite colors
F9iLcmwn4wU-00007-00001336-00001503 weren't pink and purple after someone
F9iLcmwn4wU-00008-00001504-00001679 asked me that my favorite colors were
F9iLcmwn4wU-00009-00001680-00001982 actually orange and lime green
F9iLcmwn4wU-00010-00001984-00002126 i would have definitely called myself a
F9iLcmwn4wU-00011-00002127-00002423 tomboy to this day i still don't love
F9iLcmwn4wU-00012-00002424-00002663 wearing dresses but would i call myself
F9iLcmwn4wU-00013-00002664-00002887 any less of a woman because of that of
F9iLcmwn4wU-00014-00002888-00003102 course not at that age i was no less of
F9iLcmwn4wU-00015-00003103-00003286 a female or a girl simply because of the
F9iLcmwn4wU-00016-00003288-00003447 things that i liked
F9iLcmwn4wU-00017-00003447-00003622 so that begs the question what does it
F9iLcmwn4wU-00018-00003623-00003831 actually mean to be a woman what does it
F9iLcmwn4wU-00019-00003832-00003999 actually mean to be a man let's take a
F9iLcmwn4wU-00020-00004000-00004159 deeper look into what it actually means
F9iLcmwn4wU-00021-00004160-00004447 to be woman or man in 1988 john paul ii
F9iLcmwn4wU-00022-00004448-00004631 wrote an encyclical called mulieris
F9iLcmwn4wU-00023-00004632-00004886 dignitatum in that encyclical he first
F9iLcmwn4wU-00024-00004887-00005127 used the phrase the feminine genius in a
F9iLcmwn4wU-00025-00005128-00005286 sentence that said woman's special
F9iLcmwn4wU-00026-00005287-00005518 receptivity to love and to life is her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00027-00005519-00005759 feminine genius her receptivity to love
F9iLcmwn4wU-00028-00005760-00005959 into life now when i first read that and
F9iLcmwn4wU-00029-00005960-00006151 when i first heard that women are called
F9iLcmwn4wU-00030-00006152-00006343 to be receptive i didn't quite
F9iLcmwn4wU-00031-00006344-00006478 understand what that meant when i
F9iLcmwn4wU-00032-00006479-00006631 thought of someone who was receptive i
F9iLcmwn4wU-00033-00006631-00006839 often thought of someone who was passive
F9iLcmwn4wU-00034-00006840-00007046 someone who was relatively idle and just
F9iLcmwn4wU-00035-00007047-00007214 received everything that came to them in
F9iLcmwn4wU-00036-00007215-00007295 life
F9iLcmwn4wU-00037-00007295-00007470 someone who wasn't active or with
F9iLcmwn4wU-00038-00007472-00007703 ambitions and as a relatively eager
F9iLcmwn4wU-00039-00007704-00007951 person i didn't quite understand how
F9iLcmwn4wU-00040-00007952-00008167 that fit into my femininity in the story
F9iLcmwn4wU-00041-00008168-00008431 of my life in fact though receptivity
F9iLcmwn4wU-00042-00008432-00008703 can be active receptivity can mean
F9iLcmwn4wU-00043-00008704-00008895 receiving a very heroic call for our
F9iLcmwn4wU-00044-00008896-00009135 lives mary the mother of god who is the
F9iLcmwn4wU-00045-00009136-00009287 archetype and the model of all
F9iLcmwn4wU-00046-00009288-00009542 femininity received a special call from
F9iLcmwn4wU-00047-00009543-00009703 the angel gabriel in the beginning of
F9iLcmwn4wU-00048-00009704-00009927 the gospel of luke when he invited her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00049-00009928-00010095 to become the mother of the most high
F9iLcmwn4wU-00050-00010096-00010335 god when she received this call
F9iLcmwn4wU-00051-00010336-00010551 she didn't just sit back with idle
F9iLcmwn4wU-00052-00010552-00010887 passivity and serenity in receptivity
F9iLcmwn4wU-00053-00010888-00011135 in fact the greek words that she used
F9iLcmwn4wU-00054-00011136-00011295 the greek words that are described for
F9iLcmwn4wU-00055-00011296-00011670 her fiat indicate active inardent desire
F9iLcmwn4wU-00056-00011671-00011919 mary was a person of passion mary was
F9iLcmwn4wU-00057-00011920-00012127 someone who had a fire in her heart and
F9iLcmwn4wU-00058-00012128-00012319 even though she was receptive to her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00059-00012320-00012606 call she actually ardently desired it if
F9iLcmwn4wU-00060-00012607-00012767 you have passions and dreams and
F9iLcmwn4wU-00061-00012768-00012999 ambitions it just means you're human and
F9iLcmwn4wU-00062-00013000-00013183 in fact it means you're on the way to
F9iLcmwn4wU-00063-00013184-00013430 becoming a fully alive human receptivity
F9iLcmwn4wU-00064-00013431-00013663 doesn't necessarily just mean being idle
F9iLcmwn4wU-00065-00013663-00013951 or passive humans are fully receptive
F9iLcmwn4wU-00066-00013952-00014191 before god humans were fully in line
F9iLcmwn4wU-00067-00014191-00014343 with god and his fatherhood but when a
F9iLcmwn4wU-00068-00014344-00014535 picture was painted that god was more of
F9iLcmwn4wU-00069-00014536-00014719 a tyrant than a father when god was
F9iLcmwn4wU-00070-00014719-00014871 someone who wanted to dominate us and
F9iLcmwn4wU-00071-00014872-00015079 control us and take our joy why would we
F9iLcmwn4wU-00072-00015080-00015319 ever be in a posture of receptivity
F9iLcmwn4wU-00073-00015319-00015494 even though it was a lie we chose to
F9iLcmwn4wU-00074-00015495-00015743 close receptivity and the vulnerability
F9iLcmwn4wU-00075-00015744-00015950 that it automatically assumes is
F9iLcmwn4wU-00076-00015951-00016127 something that's incredibly scary for us
F9iLcmwn4wU-00077-00016128-00016375 sometimes woman by the very fact that
F9iLcmwn4wU-00078-00016376-00016655 her body speaks a receptive story her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00079-00016656-00016919 body speaks of her receptive nature john
F9iLcmwn4wU-00080-00016920-00017150 paul ii says that receptivity to love
F9iLcmwn4wU-00081-00017151-00017350 into life is a special genius the very
F9iLcmwn4wU-00082-00017351-00017591 fact that woman is receptive points us
F9iLcmwn4wU-00083-00017592-00017799 back to this reality that woman embodies
F9iLcmwn4wU-00084-00017800-00017950 what it means to be a creature before
F9iLcmwn4wU-00085-00017951-00018111 god and that's something we rejected
F9iLcmwn4wU-00086-00018112-00018375 long ago john paul ii calls for a new
F9iLcmwn4wU-00087-00018376-00018575 feminism which means that of course
F9iLcmwn4wU-00088-00018576-00018799 women are equal to men in dignity and in
F9iLcmwn4wU-00089-00018800-00019007 worth but a feminism that actually
F9iLcmwn4wU-00090-00019008-00019263 celebrates authentic femininity in all
F9iLcmwn4wU-00091-00019264-00019455 that women bring to the table in her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00092-00019456-00019630 sensitivity her motherhood and her
F9iLcmwn4wU-00093-00019631-00019799 generosity whether or not you're a
F9iLcmwn4wU-00094-00019800-00019991 tomboy a lot like i was when i was
F9iLcmwn4wU-00095-00019992-00020191 younger or the most girliest of girls
F9iLcmwn4wU-00096-00020192-00020414 you were still a wonderful woman who
F9iLcmwn4wU-00097-00020415-00020607 deserves to be celebrated in all that
F9iLcmwn4wU-00098-00020608-00020845 your feminine genius brings
F9iLcmwn4wU-00099-00020846-00021155 [Music]
FqcezlpQWno-00000-00000000-00000233 today I'll be talking about screen
FqcezlpQWno-00001-00000234-00000536 bottom boards and why every beehive
FqcezlpQWno-00002-00000537-00000724 should have one basically I start
FqcezlpQWno-00003-00000725-00000914 beekeeping under the supervision of my
FqcezlpQWno-00004-00000915-00001203 dad he has been doing beekeeping for
FqcezlpQWno-00005-00001204-00001556 over 30 years he will be guiding me and
FqcezlpQWno-00006-00001557-00001843 helping me you know for the next couple
FqcezlpQWno-00007-00001844-00002043 years to make sure I'm doing it right so
FqcezlpQWno-00008-00002044-00002350 I'll tell you why me and my dad love
FqcezlpQWno-00009-00002351-00002780 these screen bottom boards so much what
FqcezlpQWno-00010-00002781-00003104 it is it's basically a bottom that goes
FqcezlpQWno-00011-00003105-00003388 underneath your hive and some beekeepers
FqcezlpQWno-00012-00003389-00003761 may not know this but bees naturally
FqcezlpQWno-00013-00003761-00004063 shake up for over mites and if you have
FqcezlpQWno-00014-00004064-00004403 a screen bottom board some sources
FqcezlpQWno-00015-00004404-00004694 online say that you up to twenty five
FqcezlpQWno-00016-00004695-00004952 percent of our other mites will
FqcezlpQWno-00017-00004953-00005156 naturally fall through these screen
FqcezlpQWno-00018-00005157-00005318 bottom boards so this thing just comes
FqcezlpQWno-00019-00005319-00005668 out after they fall through this screen
FqcezlpQWno-00020-00005669-00005911 you and I'll show you in just a second
FqcezlpQWno-00021-00005912-00006145 exactly everything that falls through
FqcezlpQWno-00022-00006146-00006397 the screen so and then afterwards you
FqcezlpQWno-00023-00006398-00006608 can take this out and you know get rid
FqcezlpQWno-00024-00006609-00006809 of everything that falls on it we
FqcezlpQWno-00025-00006809-00007117 actually put a coconut oil on our screen
FqcezlpQWno-00026-00007118-00007412 bottom boards so that not just for raw
FqcezlpQWno-00027-00007413-00007658 mites whatever falls through the screen
FqcezlpQWno-00028-00007659-00008003 will basically die like beetles we will
FqcezlpQWno-00029-00008004-00008264 get beetles all the time falling through
FqcezlpQWno-00030-00008265-00008539 the screen and they could cause a lot of
FqcezlpQWno-00031-00008540-00008749 issues in the hive and then when they
FqcezlpQWno-00032-00008750-00009005 fall they get stuck in the wall and they
FqcezlpQWno-00033-00009006-00009248 die that way they don't crawl back in
FqcezlpQWno-00034-00009249-00009509 because beetles will do that another
FqcezlpQWno-00035-00009510-00009664 cool thing about these screen bottom
FqcezlpQWno-00036-00009665-00009910 boards is when all that stuff falls
FqcezlpQWno-00037-00009911-00010171 through the screen these don't have to
FqcezlpQWno-00038-00010172-00010399 work as hard in the Beehive
FqcezlpQWno-00039-00010400-00010769 you'll be surprised on how much time be
FqcezlpQWno-00040-00010770-00011081 spent on cleaning the hive getting rid
FqcezlpQWno-00041-00011082-00011306 of all the crap in the hub which can
FqcezlpQWno-00042-00011307-00011498 take a lot of time so this will
FqcezlpQWno-00043-00011499-00011912 definitely make it easier for them this
FqcezlpQWno-00044-00011913-00012152 way they don't have to clean as much and
FqcezlpQWno-00045-00012153-00012353 they can focus the energy on other stuff
FqcezlpQWno-00046-00012354-00012481 that's more
FqcezlpQWno-00047-00012482-00012793 you know for survival in the hive so as
FqcezlpQWno-00048-00012794-00013102 you can see this hive we treated with
FqcezlpQWno-00049-00013103-00013432 thyme oil just a little bit and this is
FqcezlpQWno-00050-00013433-00013807 about three days after we treated with
FqcezlpQWno-00051-00013808-00014107 thyme oil and we have spread coconut oil
FqcezlpQWno-00052-00014108-00014391 all over this screen bottom board so
FqcezlpQWno-00053-00014393-00014749 what happened so as you can see we you
FqcezlpQWno-00054-00014750-00015127 as you can see there's tons of perova
FqcezlpQWno-00055-00015128-00015394 mites falling through the screen and but
FqcezlpQWno-00056-00015394-00015797 also you could see beetles and you know
FqcezlpQWno-00057-00015799-00015997 worms
FqcezlpQWno-00058-00015997-00016405 this is probably beetle larva falling
FqcezlpQWno-00059-00016406-00016798 through the screen and then tons of
FqcezlpQWno-00060-00016799-00017101 other crap I mean imagine how much less
FqcezlpQWno-00061-00017102-00017568 work the bees have to do now now that
FqcezlpQWno-00062-00017569-00017779 they don't have to take all of this
FqcezlpQWno-00063-00017780-00018001 stuff out of the hive they can focus
FqcezlpQWno-00064-00018002-00018363 that energy on bringing honey or
FqcezlpQWno-00065-00018364-00018655 nourishing brood and you know possibly
FqcezlpQWno-00066-00018656-00019003 more important tasks and the bee hive so
FqcezlpQWno-00067-00019004-00019300 we really love the screen bottom boards
FqcezlpQWno-00068-00019301-00019600 for this reason not only this is not
FqcezlpQWno-00069-00019601-00019858 only a great addition to you know
FqcezlpQWno-00070-00019859-00020238 battling vova mites naturally but also
FqcezlpQWno-00071-00020239-00020731 it makes it makes a hive much healthier
FqcezlpQWno-00072-00020732-00020994 we'll be posting other strategies on how
FqcezlpQWno-00073-00020995-00021372 to battle for the lights naturally we
FqcezlpQWno-00074-00021373-00021580 don't use just to let everyone know even
FqcezlpQWno-00075-00021581-00021685 though we're posting different
FqcezlpQWno-00076-00021686-00022042 strategies we you the way we approach
FqcezlpQWno-00077-00022043-00022306 provo mice it's not with one thing it's
FqcezlpQWno-00078-00022307-00022564 actually several different things which
FqcezlpQWno-00079-00022565-00022837 works in combination very well and then
FqcezlpQWno-00080-00022838-00023044 so that we don't have to use chemicals
FqcezlpQWno-00081-00023045-00023328 and then my dad is a bit old school and
FqcezlpQWno-00082-00023329-00023580 a lot of his teachings are routed back
FqcezlpQWno-00083-00023581-00023664 to Russia
FqcezlpQWno-00084-00023665-00023991 so you might be a little different than
FqcezlpQWno-00085-00023992-00024305 what you expect from most beekeepers
FqcezlpQWno-00086-00024306-00024522 online he's okay with that because this
FqcezlpQWno-00087-00024523-00024813 is how he done it has worked for him for
FqcezlpQWno-00088-00024814-00025067 a very long time he really believes in
FqcezlpQWno-00089-00025068-00025353 it and he has that's the reason why he
FqcezlpQWno-00090-00025354-00025580 teaches what he does this is exactly how
FqcezlpQWno-00091-00025581-00025949 he does it and he loves the whole
FqcezlpQWno-00092-00025950-00026529 process of beekeeping style you really
FqcezlpQWno-00093-00026530-00026805 believe in style so the reason why we
FqcezlpQWno-00094-00026806-00027129 oppose further much more naturally and
FqcezlpQWno-00095-00027130-00027446 chemical frees it's because if you look
FqcezlpQWno-00096-00027447-00027770 into it there are some very harsh
FqcezlpQWno-00097-00027772-00027977 chemicals used on the bees to treat
FqcezlpQWno-00098-00027978-00028227 varroa mites and that will harm the bees
FqcezlpQWno-00099-00028227-00028612 especially the weaker colonies and
FqcezlpQWno-00100-00028613-00029018 that's one reason why and then the other
FqcezlpQWno-00101-00029019-00029277 reason and the other side to this is
FqcezlpQWno-00102-00029277-00029529 that I could if you have a lot of highs
FqcezlpQWno-00103-00029530-00029820 treating it with chemical you can very
FqcezlpQWno-00104-00029820-00030162 much so add up and beekeeping in general
FqcezlpQWno-00105-00030163-00030443 can add up very quick and our channel is
FqcezlpQWno-00106-00030444-00030939 more about beekeeping on a budget and a
FqcezlpQWno-00107-00030939-00031248 lot of times people spend way too much
FqcezlpQWno-00108-00031249-00031512 money on bee hives when they don't have
FqcezlpQWno-00109-00031513-00031745 to we do have couple videos on how we
FqcezlpQWno-00110-00031747-00032067 have our bee hives set up and we do
FqcezlpQWno-00111-00032068-00032361 everything our way it's super practical
FqcezlpQWno-00112-00032362-00032799 and very affordable and we try to keep
FqcezlpQWno-00113-00032800-00033021 it on the budget throughout the whole
FqcezlpQWno-00114-00033022-00033273 year it's so easy to end up spending a
FqcezlpQWno-00115-00033274-00033552 lot of money on beekeeping but well me
FqcezlpQWno-00116-00033553-00033921 and my dad are trying to say is that you
FqcezlpQWno-00117-00033922-00034086 don't have to there's different ways
FqcezlpQWno-00118-00034087-00034461 around it and we focus a lot on those
FqcezlpQWno-00119-00034462-00034710 ways especially my dad coming from where
FqcezlpQWno-00120-00034711-00034964 he came from he he found different ways
FqcezlpQWno-00121-00034965-00035177 to work around it and that has helped
FqcezlpQWno-00122-00035178-00035431 him he'd be very profitable and he
FqcezlpQWno-00123-00035432-00035752 beeping journey otherwise it may it's
FqcezlpQWno-00124-00035753-00035923 not worth it for some people and some
FqcezlpQWno-00125-00035924-00036100 even give up on it because it's too
FqcezlpQWno-00126-00036101-00036172 expensive
FqcezlpQWno-00127-00036173-00036442 our strategies are actually very simple
FqcezlpQWno-00128-00036443-00036817 and they may just take a couple minutes
FqcezlpQWno-00129-00036818-00036976 I mean you have to look into your hive
FqcezlpQWno-00130-00036977-00037156 to check on the Queen and the hive
FqcezlpQWno-00131-00037157-00037465 anyway just in concreting those you know
FqcezlpQWno-00132-00037466-00037684 strategy in there could really help but
FqcezlpQWno-00133-00037685-00037915 realize that basically that's all we do
FqcezlpQWno-00134-00037916-00038320 we just use you know physical methods or
FqcezlpQWno-00135-00038321-00038608 just natural a medicine so that we don't
FqcezlpQWno-00136-00038609-00038833 harm the bees doesn't have to be
FqcezlpQWno-00137-00038834-00039106 complicated
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00000-00000159-00000359 hey there commanders
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00001-00000360-00000478 it's been a while since i've talked
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00002-00000479-00000751 about ax ships so i figured tonight i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00003-00000752-00001023 would go over my crate mark ii build
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00004-00001024-00001207 this is one of the first anti-thyroid
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00005-00001208-00001358 chips that i put together now i've
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00006-00001359-00001503 tweaked it a little bit compared to what
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00007-00001504-00001695 i have in the game to make it easier to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00008-00001696-00001918 fly and more forgiving in combat
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00009-00001919-00002183 situations since learning ax combat is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00010-00002184-00002431 actually a very difficult prospect it's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00011-00002432-00002775 almost as challenging as pvp
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00012-00002776-00003007 the thyroids are very particular in the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00013-00003008-00003134 way that you have to fight them and in
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00014-00003135-00003335 the strategies you'll use
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00015-00003336-00003606 this ship can solo a cyclops although
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00016-00003607-00003815 that's not a very impressive feat these
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00017-00003815-00004006 days given that sidewinders can do it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00018-00004007-00004086 too
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00019-00004087-00004270 but it does make the task a little bit
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00020-00004271-00004391 easier so there are things that i've
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00021-00004392-00004695 thrown in this build to help you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00022-00004696-00004895 distract the thyroid to help you be more
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00023-00004896-00005063 survivable at least against low level
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00024-00005064-00005254 thyroids and this thing is very
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00025-00005255-00005495 effective at killing scouts so if you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00026-00005496-00005663 trying to get your just dip your toe in
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00027-00005664-00005831 it this is a good place to start
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00028-00005832-00006022 engineering requirements are a little
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00029-00006023-00006247 bit on the high side but it's low on the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00030-00006248-00006510 budget and you do need to have a tech
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00031-00006511-00006687 broker unlocks available to be able to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00032-00006688-00006863 realize this so it is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00033-00006864-00007039 kind of a late game ship but on the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00034-00007040-00007295 engineering it's not terrible the most
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00035-00007295-00007423 important things you'll need are armored
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00036-00007423-00007646 power plants and dirty drives so you'll
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00037-00007647-00007863 need professor palin and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00038-00007864-00008255 uh heritane i believe
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00039-00008256-00008423 so core internals
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00040-00008424-00008663 military grade composite this is not
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00041-00008664-00008887 reactive surface you actually don't need
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00042-00008888-00009263 it because thyroid damage is principally
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00043-00009264-00009423 absolute
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00044-00009424-00009583 the reactive surface composite doesn't
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00045-00009584-00009846 benefit you anything and it costs a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00046-00009847-00010006 tremendous amount of money so going
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00047-00010007-00010191 military grade is a great compromise
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00048-00010192-00010431 here it saves on the rebuy value it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00049-00010432-00010574 gives you the same absolute hole
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00050-00010575-00010806 potential as reactive surface wood at a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00051-00010807-00010967 fraction of the price it's easier to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00052-00010968-00011110 find around the bubble if you don't
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00053-00011111-00011374 happen to have access to shinrata
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00054-00011375-00011631 7a power plant armored grade 5 and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00055-00011632-00011823 monstered we want a lot of power
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00056-00011824-00011991 capabilities although we do have a lot
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00057-00011992-00012174 of power headroom here so if you wanted
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00058-00012175-00012374 to lower your heat profile you could use
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00059-00012375-00012583 thermal spread or if you wanted extra
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00060-00012584-00012735 module integrity you could go with
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00061-00012736-00012894 double braced i don't recommend
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00062-00012895-00013079 stripping down because
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00063-00013080-00013183 regular thrusters aren't going to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00064-00013184-00013343 realize the benefit and it lowers your
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00065-00013344-00013543 module integrity you'll need a lot of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00066-00013544-00013719 that to be able to survive a protracted
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00067-00013719-00013894 fight especially against higher level
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00068-00013895-00014047 thyroids
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00069-00014047-00014327 6a thrusters dirty grade 5 and drag
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00070-00014328-00014583 drives speed is essential there are
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00071-00014584-00014743 certain things that the thyroid is going
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00072-00014744-00014838 to do
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00073-00014840-00015047 caustic missiles specifically that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00074-00015047-00015247 require you to get distance with the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00075-00015247-00015438 thyroid as quickly as possible so that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00076-00015440-00015599 the missiles don't hit you you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00077-00015600-00015847 outrun thyroid missiles with flight
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00078-00015847-00016038 assist off if you have
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00079-00016040-00016230 a good lead on them if you're too close
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00080-00016231-00016375 and you're inside the missile's turning
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00081-00016376-00016543 arc you'll probably get hit as you try
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00082-00016544-00016758 to boost away so pay attention to the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00083-00016759-00016927 cues which you will learn as you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00084-00016928-00017199 practice
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00085-00017200-00017399 5a frameshift drive
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00086-00017400-00017583 this one's outfitted increased range
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00087-00017584-00017814 grade 5 and mass manager which i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00088-00017815-00017967 recommend if you don't have a fleet
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00089-00017968-00018103 carrier it can be kind of a chore to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00090-00018104-00018255 drag this thing around the bubble if you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00091-00018256-00018414 do have a fleet carrier this can be
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00092-00018415-00018599 shielded and double braced
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00093-00018600-00018839 for a life support here it's dealer's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00094-00018840-00019007 choice i've opted to lightweight this
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00095-00019008-00019150 life support
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00096-00019151-00019407 to preserve a little bit of speed but
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00097-00019408-00019558 you can if you're worried about having
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00098-00019559-00019750 it get shot out and it probably will get
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00099-00019751-00019863 shut out
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00100-00019864-00020071 reinforce or since we've got a lot of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00101-00020072-00020311 power headroom you can shield it which
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00102-00020312-00020558 takes your power consumption up to 78.4
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00103-00020559-00020775 percent and doesn't add any more weight
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00104-00020776-00020958 to the module but it does dramatically
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00105-00020959-00021127 increase your power draw so just keep
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00106-00021128-00021303 that in mind
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00107-00021304-00021503 you really can go all three directions
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00108-00021504-00021678 here just depending on how you want to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00109-00021679-00021871 lay things out it doesn't make that much
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00110-00021872-00022127 of a difference on your boost speed
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00111-00022128-00022199 so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00112-00022200-00022391 really all your really all your choosing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00113-00022392-00022503 is between
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00114-00022504-00022686 less integrity and maybe a meter per
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00115-00022687-00022894 second or two more speed
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00116-00022895-00023055 yeah it's a meter per second difference
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00117-00023056-00023278 i wouldn't worry about it too much
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00118-00023279-00023511 i would recommend reinforced or shielded
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00119-00023512-00023742 just depending on how you start to uh
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00120-00023743-00023911 figure your own play style out
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00121-00023912-00024103 reinforced tends to be more accessible
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00122-00024104-00024263 engineering wise you'll incidentally
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00123-00024264-00024422 collect a lot more of that kind of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00124-00024423-00024663 material and i do recommend a-rated life
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00125-00024664-00024863 support the crate's got a big canopy
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00126-00024864-00025039 i've had it shut out multiple times when
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00127-00025040-00025278 fighting thyroids you want 25 minutes so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00128-00025279-00025542 you can take a couple of deep breaths
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00129-00025543-00025678 find a gap in the fight where you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00130-00025679-00025887 leave that is opportune for everybody
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00131-00025888-00026102 because this build is intended to be
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00132-00026104-00026311 used as part of a wing it's not very
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00133-00026312-00026446 strong on its own against the higher
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00134-00026447-00026639 level thyroids you probably won't be
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00135-00026639-00026895 able to do the damage you need to exert
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00136-00026895-00027135 and then kill a heart before it goes
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00137-00027136-00027327 back in
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00138-00027327-00027567 7a power distributor charge enhanced
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00139-00027568-00027823 grade 5 and super conduits this is to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00140-00027824-00028023 give you flexibility as you learn how to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00141-00028024-00028214 fight thyroids there's going to be other
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00142-00028216-00028383 hardpoint layouts that i can go over
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00143-00028383-00028527 here in just a second that you might
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00144-00028527-00028823 consider and 6a sensors long range grade
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00145-00028824-00029087 5 is essential as you kite thyroids
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00146-00029088-00029295 you're going to be flirting with that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00147-00029295-00029470 upper limit on your typical emissions
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00148-00029472-00029687 range in fact even with maximum
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00149-00029688-00029895 outfitted sensors i regularly travel
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00150-00029895-00030014 farther out
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00151-00030016-00030295 than the thyroid can be detected from so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00152-00030295-00030502 i'll end up 15 to 20 kilometers away
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00153-00030503-00030646 from the thyroid that i'm fighting as
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00154-00030647-00030902 i'm doing kites in a wing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00155-00030903-00031055 which means the visual tracking does
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00156-00031056-00031287 become important if you've got a head
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00157-00031288-00031543 look mode enabled it helps
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00158-00031544-00031687 that's where you can just look around by
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00159-00031688-00031943 moving your thumb stick
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00160-00031944-00032358 5c fuel tank is left unmodified
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00161-00032360-00032614 optional internals are as follows
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00162-00032616-00032902 6c biowave shield generator reinforced
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00163-00032903-00033174 grade 5 and fast charge you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00164-00033175-00033359 optionally go for high capacity it takes
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00165-00033360-00033783 you from 659 megajoules to 699. not a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00166-00033784-00033943 huge difference in a fight but it does
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00167-00033944-00034151 have a negative impact on your recovery
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00168-00034152-00034407 recharge rates if you're using
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00169-00034408-00034599 if you're using fast charge you'll go
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00170-00034600-00035015 from 149 to recharge to 129 which can be
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00171-00035016-00035135 a big difference in a fight and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00172-00035136-00035279 ultimately allows you to recover more
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00173-00035280-00035423 power although it makes the shield
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00174-00035424-00035574 weaker
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00175-00035575-00035783 note that recharge specifically deals
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00176-00035784-00035999 with your time from 50 percent shield
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00177-00036000-00036255 capacity to 100 charge
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00178-00036256-00036551 recovery is really hard to move you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00179-00036552-00036639 get it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00180-00036640-00036887 you know between 120 and 110 depending
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00181-00036888-00037071 on how you play with the shields if you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00182-00037072-00037239 put a smaller bioweave on here it can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00183-00037240-00037430 charge even faster
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00184-00037431-00037599 this is where you can play i recommend
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00185-00037600-00037767 starting with a 6c because i think it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00186-00037768-00037990 strikes a really good balance between
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00187-00037991-00038207 absolute shielding and recovery recharge
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00188-00038208-00038367 time if you're fighting in a wing you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00189-00038368-00038511 going to have plenty of opportunity to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00190-00038512-00038751 break and recover and and you'll you'll
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00191-00038752-00038927 have a lot more control over how you get
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00192-00038928-00039207 engaged if you're fighting solo
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00193-00039208-00039335 this won't be the case and you're going
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00194-00039336-00039590 to have to tank a lot of incoming damage
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00195-00039591-00039735 which is where the fighter hanger comes
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00196-00039736-00039990 into play if you're fighting solo you'll
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00197-00039991-00040167 want a 60 fighter hanger because it's a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00198-00040168-00040390 good way to distract the swarm doesn't
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00199-00040391-00040743 last very long but it does help get some
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00200-00040744-00040983 dps off you especially if you're using
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00201-00040984-00041095 multi-crew this is one of those
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00202-00041096-00041239 situations where
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00203-00041240-00041487 a fighter flown by a competent commander
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00204-00041488-00041695 can be excellent bum bait for the swarm
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00205-00041696-00041862 he can keep them off of you so you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00206-00041863-00042046 focus on doing a lot of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00207-00042047-00042239 damage to the thyroid itself but in solo
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00208-00042240-00042511 fights it's a good distraction now
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00209-00042512-00042702 i don't recommend deploying fighters
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00210-00042703-00042999 when you are playing with other axi
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00211-00043000-00043271 commanders because it still screws up
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00212-00043272-00043439 the net code a little bit it causes
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00213-00043440-00043662 things to rubber band really badly if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00214-00043663-00043774 you know you're going to fight with a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00215-00043775-00043974 group one of the best things you can do
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00216-00043975-00044135 is just stick another hull reinforcement
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00217-00044136-00044255 package in here and make yourself a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00218-00044256-00044535 little bit tougher or if you feel so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00219-00044536-00044855 inclined you can use shield cell banks i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00220-00044856-00045055 don't think shields are anywhere near as
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00221-00045056-00045311 effective against thyroids as in pvp
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00222-00045312-00045511 because most starcoid weapons do
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00223-00045512-00045727 breakthrough damage that is absolute
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00224-00045728-00045887 damage to your hole so even with the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00225-00045888-00046095 strongest flipping shields on planet
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00226-00046096-00046343 whatever it is you're from
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00227-00046344-00046502 you're going to take a ton of hole
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00228-00046503-00046702 damage fighting thyroids take this from
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00229-00046703-00046846 a guy who built
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00230-00046847-00047046 a shield tank type 10 to go out and try
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00231-00047047-00047215 to mess around with scouts you're going
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00232-00047216-00047383 to end up taking a lot of hole damage
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00233-00047384-00047543 without the shields even collapsing i've
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00234-00047544-00047623 gotten
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00235-00047624-00047895 all the way down to like 85 whole before
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00236-00047896-00048151 my last bank charge was exhausted
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00237-00048152-00048302 uh in smaller ships that's an even
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00238-00048303-00048527 bigger deal in a crate you're kind of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00239-00048528-00048751 soft once your shields go down you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00240-00048752-00049055 get pretty um pretty tough 2 800
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00241-00049056-00049246 absolute whole damn absolute whole
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00242-00049247-00049543 integrity is nothing to shake a stick at
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00243-00049544-00049718 but it is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00244-00049719-00049918 something that can get worn down
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00245-00049919-00050062 especially over longer fights and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00246-00050063-00050230 especially if you're in a small wing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00247-00050231-00050439 again i recommend this build as part of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00248-00050440-00050590 a wing group if you want to get together
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00249-00050591-00050807 axi has flights going out on a regular
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00250-00050808-00050918 basis
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00251-00050919-00051062 i would get into their discord and i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00252-00051063-00051199 would start learning from these guys if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00253-00051200-00051446 you show up in a ship fitted like this
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00254-00051447-00051590 no one's going to think you're a joke
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00255-00051591-00051687 they just might think you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00256-00051688-00051879 inexperienced and you need to learn
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00257-00051879-00052038 which is not a bad thing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00258-00052039-00052207 i've been there
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00259-00052208-00052326 they're going to be really patient with
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00260-00052327-00052430 you they'll walk you through everything
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00261-00052432-00052638 you need to know and you know guys show
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00262-00052639-00052807 up pretty regularly with cheese ball
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00263-00052808-00053007 ships that aren't particularly practical
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00264-00053008-00053150 you just want to have fun fighting with
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00265-00053151-00053303 a group of you know eight or nine other
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00266-00053304-00053526 commanders happens all the time
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00267-00053527-00053726 whole reinforcement package heavy duty
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00268-00053727-00053959 grade five deep plating
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00269-00053960-00054166 this is actually kind of important i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00270-00054167-00054335 would stay away from the guardian hull
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00271-00054336-00054494 reinforcement packages on the larger
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00272-00054495-00054694 module sizes because
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00273-00054695-00054879 you get more integrity from a regular
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00274-00054879-00055054 hull reinforcement package with heavy
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00275-00055055-00055199 duty deep plating
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00276-00055200-00055350 i kind of wish that wasn't the case
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00277-00055351-00055511 because the whole point of having
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00278-00055512-00055719 guardian hull reinforcement and module
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00279-00055720-00055879 reinforcement packages at least in
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00280-00055879-00056142 theory was to give people an easy go-to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00281-00056144-00056342 to build anti-thyroid ships but the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00282-00056344-00056487 difference in absolute whole integrity
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00283-00056488-00056607 is significant enough that the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00284-00056608-00056871 engineering effort is worth it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00285-00056872-00057038 i have a decontamination limbic
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00286-00057039-00057175 controller in here this is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00287-00057176-00057326 unengineerable
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00288-00057327-00057535 it is useful in longer fights because it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00289-00057536-00057791 lets you scrape caustic damage off of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00290-00057791-00058023 your hull without needing to overheat
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00291-00058024-00058175 overheating isn't as big a deal as it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00292-00058176-00058335 used to be now that the heat bug's been
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00293-00058336-00058535 fixed but it does still add up to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00294-00058536-00058750 something significant over time
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00295-00058751-00059054 and decon limits do offer a nominal
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00296-00059055-00059247 amount of hole repair it's not as much
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00297-00059248-00059430 as a dedicated repair olympic controller
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00298-00059432-00059663 which you could also run here if you so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00299-00059664-00059815 choose
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00300-00059816-00060015 but since i'm not since i don't have
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00301-00060016-00060199 gauss cannons on here this is actually a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00302-00060200-00060375 harder build to overheat so decon
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00303-00060376-00060606 limited controllers are a good idea
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00304-00060607-00060863 4d hull reinforcement package heavy duty
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00305-00060864-00061038 deep plating just like the 5 because the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00306-00061039-00061191 benefit's still there
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00307-00061191-00061503 3e cargo rack with 8 tons of capacity so
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00308-00061504-00061726 you can carry 8 decon limpets that you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00309-00061727-00061894 can fire off from your decon lipid
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00310-00061895-00062015 controller
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00311-00062016-00062230 that lasts okay in a typical fight if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00312-00062232-00062375 you need more limpets you can always
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00313-00062376-00062591 synthesize them
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00314-00062591-00062830 a 3d guardian module reinforcement
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00315-00062832-00063119 package this is essential you want a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00316-00063120-00063294 guardian module reinforcement package
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00317-00063295-00063503 because it tamps down the electric
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00318-00063504-00063726 effect that a thyroid interceptor has
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00319-00063727-00063871 when it shocks you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00320-00063872-00064015 it keeps your interfaces from getting
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00321-00064016-00064166 screwed up and it protects them from
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00322-00064167-00064375 that kind of raw
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00323-00064376-00064615 deadly internal damage getting shocked
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00324-00064616-00064806 by a thyroid fries your shields and does
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00325-00064807-00065030 random damage all over the place over
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00326-00065032-00065191 the course of a fight it can add up the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00327-00065191-00065406 thyroid
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00328-00065407-00065550 laser weapons i don't know if they're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00329-00065551-00065726 really lasers or not but the standard
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00330-00065727-00065879 weapon that all the thyroids fire at
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00331-00065880-00066031 your hole is going to deal a lot of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00332-00066032-00066167 internal damage if it hits you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00333-00066168-00066335 unshielded so the module reinforcement
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00334-00066336-00066535 package gives you time to breathe it's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00335-00066536-00066806 very important to have i recommend one
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00336-00066807-00067094 at least and size three is a reasonable
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00337-00067095-00067294 size if you're good at kiting and you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00338-00067295-00067543 know how to fly flight assist off
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00339-00067544-00067759 then you're not going to get absolutely
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00340-00067760-00067999 plastered in most situations unless you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00341-00068000-00068206 get focused down by the interceptor if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00342-00068207-00068391 you're in a wing having people take
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00343-00068392-00068567 turns drawing and drawing aggression is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00344-00068568-00068847 a good way to get around this the 2d
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00345-00068848-00068943 guardian
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00346-00068944-00069206 size 2 and the size 1 optionals are both
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00347-00069207-00069406 guardian hull reinforcement packages if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00348-00069407-00069543 you don't have hole reinforcements
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00349-00069544-00069687 unlocked at the tech brokers standard
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00350-00069688-00069894 hole reinforcements work here too
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00351-00069895-00070006 there's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00352-00070007-00070215 some disagreement among axi guys about
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00353-00070216-00070399 whether these are good to have at all i
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00354-00070400-00070567 think they're a good way to get extra
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00355-00070568-00070750 absolute hole without needing to throw a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00356-00070751-00070911 bunch of engineering materials at it and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00357-00070912-00071079 they have the added benefit of being
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00358-00071080-00071311 caustic damage resistant
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00359-00071312-00071559 we have about 9.8 percent caustic damage
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00360-00071560-00071759 resistance which means if you do take
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00361-00071760-00072031 caustic damage it gives you more time to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00362-00072032-00072191 get your hole fixed get everything
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00363-00072192-00072423 patched up it's not a dramatically large
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00364-00072424-00072550 amount of time it's the difference
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00365-00072551-00072887 between 2 800 absolute and 3 100 and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00366-00072888-00073191 that's only caustic damage that's only
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00367-00073192-00073391 the the burn damage that you get if you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00368-00073392-00073567 get struck by a caustic missile or fly
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00369-00073568-00073871 through a thyroid death cloud
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00370-00073872-00074006 hard points
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00371-00074007-00074135 this is where
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00372-00074136-00074311 all the flexibility we've baked in core
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00373-00074312-00074526 internals gets realized this is why in
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00374-00074527-00074662 core internals i recommend charge
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00375-00074663-00074879 enhanced grade 5 and super conduits you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00376-00074880-00074999 want
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00377-00075000-00075231 a lot of headroom to be able to put
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00378-00075232-00075367 bigger weapons on if you decide to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00379-00075368-00075582 switch to gas cannons for example you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00380-00075583-00075719 going to fill this bar almost all the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00381-00075720-00075862 way up
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00382-00075863-00076119 where i where i have it right now is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00383-00076120-00076479 3d guardian shard cannon turrets
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00384-00076480-00076638 this is because they are the easiest
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00385-00076639-00076862 anti-thyroid weapon to use they allow
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00386-00076863-00076991 you to close
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00387-00076992-00077175 in really tight to a target and do a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00388-00077176-00077303 whole bunch of damage right at
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00389-00077304-00077494 point-blank range it's very good for
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00390-00077495-00077750 kiting and thyroid shard cannon turrets
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00391-00077751-00077975 are the only turrets that will function
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00392-00077976-00078255 as turrets with no one in the gunner
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00393-00078256-00078382 seat they work just like any other
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00394-00078383-00078638 turreted weapon in the game except
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00395-00078639-00078823 that they don't have a bunch of their
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00396-00078824-00079038 damage shaved off the top like normal
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00397-00079039-00079262 turrets the guardian shard cannon turret
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00398-00079263-00079447 deals about as much damage as the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00399-00079448-00079687 guardian shard cannon fixed i think
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00400-00079688-00079903 there's like a ten percent reduction
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00401-00079904-00080159 also it draws less power so you can use
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00402-00080160-00080415 more of them without as much consequence
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00403-00080416-00080550 it's kind of interesting the way that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00404-00080551-00080815 they've balanced them out it's also
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00405-00080816-00081038 a very forgiving weapon to use
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00406-00081039-00081262 it's reasonably effective against lower
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00407-00081263-00081535 level lower level interceptors and when
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00408-00081536-00081799 paired with other commanders using gauss
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00409-00081800-00081982 cannons it does enough damage even to
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00410-00081983-00082182 the larger targets to be helpful in a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00411-00082183-00082494 fight it may not be the most helpful but
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00412-00082495-00082735 it is still relevant and while you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00413-00082736-00082918 learning what all of the cues are what
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00414-00082919-00083135 all the strategies are how to coordinate
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00415-00083136-00083350 with wings this is a really easy weapon
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00416-00083351-00083503 to use it's one less thing to learn
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00417-00083504-00083662 about while you're getting your feet wet
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00418-00083663-00083894 once you start to know what you're doing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00419-00083895-00084038 you're probably going to want to switch
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00420-00084039-00084262 these out for gas weapons at which point
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00421-00084263-00084535 i would recommend the salvation 4 burst
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00422-00084536-00084694 goss cannon
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00423-00084695-00084918 if you can you know
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00424-00084919-00085062 however many you want to fit on here
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00425-00085063-00085238 it's kind of dealer's choice we're super
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00426-00085239-00085415 flexible but i do recommend since you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00427-00085416-00085662 in a crate that you have remote flak
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00428-00085663-00085831 launchers
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00429-00085832-00085991 it's really important to be able to deal
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00430-00085992-00086126 with the swarm if it comes after you and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00431-00086127-00086359 the crate is just fast enough that if
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00432-00086360-00086550 you were running fa off you can do a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00433-00086551-00086871 flip and burn and you can fly backwards
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00434-00086872-00087055 to pop a bunch of rounds into the swarm
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00435-00087056-00087175 and then once it's weak enough you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00436-00087176-00087375 boost past the remainder and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00437-00087376-00087782 and uh you'll be a-okay
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00438-00087783-00088015 xeno scanner when you're starting fights
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00439-00088016-00088167 this is helpful for getting a detailed
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00440-00088168-00088350 scan so you can sub-target hearts and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00441-00088351-00088455 get
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00442-00088456-00088631 detailed status on where everything is
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00443-00088632-00088823 it does help your guardian shard cannons
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00444-00088824-00088903 be
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00445-00088904-00089103 more precise
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00446-00089104-00089343 you know as for what shard cannons are
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00447-00089344-00089543 in precision it's it's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00448-00089544-00089679 doesn't make a big difference but it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00449-00089680-00089838 does help since your turrets are going
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00450-00089839-00089982 to be able to track independently of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00451-00089983-00090182 where you're facing this does make it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00452-00090183-00090335 really easy to kite a thyroid because
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00453-00090336-00090455 you don't have to look it in the face
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00454-00090456-00090743 when you're trying to shoot it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00455-00090744-00090943 zero f shutdown field neutralizers are
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00456-00090944-00091182 mission critical equipment always
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00457-00091183-00091462 always always have them you need to have
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00458-00091463-00091687 at least one they abuse the crap out of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00459-00091688-00091982 your system's capacitor which is why uh
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00460-00091983-00092071 well
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00461-00092072-00092215 that's why you need to be careful about
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00462-00092216-00092375 timing but i'll save that for a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00463-00092376-00092567 dedicated thyroid tutorial if i ever get
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00464-00092568-00092767 around to it there are a ton of them
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00465-00092768-00092943 already made by other members of the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00466-00092944-00093079 community who are more knowledgeable
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00467-00093080-00093271 than me on thyroid fights i recommend
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00468-00093272-00093374 looking up
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00469-00093375-00093647 just axi tutorials they're all over the
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00470-00093648-00093782 place there's an entire website
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00471-00093783-00093959 dedicated to them
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00472-00093960-00094159 i think you can get to them from youtube
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00473-00094160-00094431 i have to go dig up the links on that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00474-00094432-00094599 heatsink launcher anytime you're
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00475-00094600-00094726 fighting thyroid you want to have at
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00476-00094727-00094926 least one because it lets you disappear
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00477-00094927-00095143 from the interceptor
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00478-00095144-00095318 if you start to get focused down and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00479-00095319-00095606 you've got wing mates pop a heatsink you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00480-00095607-00095774 get all the way down as cold as you can
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00481-00095775-00095903 and then as your teammates are drawing
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00482-00095904-00096062 aggression it makes the thyroid look at
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00483-00096063-00096335 them faster it also helps you recover
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00484-00096336-00096559 from a deliberate overheat if you need
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00485-00096560-00096799 to cook off caustic damage shield
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00486-00096800-00096991 booster here is kind of dealer's choice
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00487-00096992-00097118 i have it in here to give myself a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00488-00097119-00097318 little bit of extra flexibility if you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00489-00097319-00097462 drop the shield booster off of course
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00490-00097463-00097606 you're going to lose absolute shielding
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00491-00097607-00097782 but your recovery recharge rates will
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00492-00097783-00098062 increase as for what to put in here
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00493-00098063-00098255 well
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00494-00098256-00098471 basically another heatsink launcher
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00495-00098472-00098671 that's about it do not run point
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00496-00098672-00098926 defenses when you're going up against
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00497-00098927-00099111 thyroids they are completely ineffective
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00498-00099112-00099271 against caustic missiles and have a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00499-00099272-00099518 tendency of shooting down
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00500-00099519-00099655 other people's
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00501-00099656-00099862 remote release flak launchers since they
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00502-00099863-00100015 don't differentiate between friend or
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00503-00100016-00100206 foe you will piss people off if you have
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00504-00100207-00100343 them equipped
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00505-00100344-00100518 and in some cases they won't let you
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00506-00100519-00100694 fight with them
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00507-00100695-00100879 let's see what else i don't think
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00508-00100880-00101087 there's anything else direct uh none of
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00509-00101088-00101294 the other utilities are really that
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00510-00101295-00101511 relevant shield boosters heatsinks and
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00511-00101512-00101806 then the two dedicated ax utility mounts
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00512-00101807-00102174 uh that's about it
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00513-00102175-00102510 yeah uh that's all i've got total budget
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00514-00102511-00102734 for this build is 206 million as
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00515-00102735-00102958 outfitted here with a
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00516-00102959-00103206 10.3 million credit rebuy
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00517-00103207-00103415 all you have to do is go kill something
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00518-00103416-00103575 like a basilisk and you'll end up making
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00519-00103576-00103823 that money back really easy several
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00520-00103824-00104030 times over even over the course of an ax
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00521-00104031-00104230 conflict zone
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00522-00104231-00104566 let's see is there anything else um
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00523-00104567-00104727 nope i think that's it that's all i've
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00524-00104728-00104886 got for today i will catch you guys
Ft-KHEkiKbu-00525-00104888-00105188 later
FvfxCreocqg-00000-00000031-00001050 [Music]
FvfxCreocqg-00001-00001051-00001406 hi there you found us here at story time
FvfxCreocqg-00002-00001407-00001702 with Miss Becky I'm miss Becky and this
FvfxCreocqg-00003-00001703-00001925 is our friend Bear who loves to read
FvfxCreocqg-00004-00001926-00002222 along with you bear has a question for
FvfxCreocqg-00005-00002223-00002602 you do you ever wish you could eat sweet
FvfxCreocqg-00006-00002603-00003191 treats all the time yes some say they'd
FvfxCreocqg-00007-00003192-00003454 like to eat cookies and ice cream all
FvfxCreocqg-00008-00003455-00003899 day and night bear well cami kangaroo
FvfxCreocqg-00009-00003900-00004418 loves sweets too let's put on the magic
FvfxCreocqg-00010-00004419-00004661 reading glasses and see what will happen
FvfxCreocqg-00011-00004662-00005018 if cami decides to eat all the yummy
FvfxCreocqg-00012-00005019-00005249 cookies in her house when no one's
FvfxCreocqg-00013-00005250-00005323 looking
FvfxCreocqg-00014-00005324-00005643 [Music]
FvfxCreocqg-00015-00005644-00006245 cami kangaroo has too many sweets by
FvfxCreocqg-00016-00006246-00006892 Stacey Bower all was calm in the
FvfxCreocqg-00017-00006893-00007223 kangaroo house mommy was putting baby
FvfxCreocqg-00018-00007223-00007598 Wyatt down for a nap while cami kangaroo
FvfxCreocqg-00019-00007598-00008005 was having quiet time in her room at
FvfxCreocqg-00020-00008006-00008371 least she was supposed to be having
FvfxCreocqg-00021-00008372-00009158 quiet time instead camis brain was
FvfxCreocqg-00022-00009159-00009503 buzzing she could not stop thinking
FvfxCreocqg-00023-00009504-00010262 about treats candy cake cookies ice
FvfxCreocqg-00024-00010263-00010771 cream cami loved them all she knew a
FvfxCreocqg-00025-00010772-00011059 great place to find treats at her house
FvfxCreocqg-00026-00011060-00011801 the freezer drawer cami hopped down the
FvfxCreocqg-00027-00011802-00012149 stairs and over to the freezer grab the
FvfxCreocqg-00028-00012150-00012683 handle and pulled it open after placing
FvfxCreocqg-00029-00012684-00012994 the ice cream into her pouch cami
FvfxCreocqg-00030-00012995-00013268 kangaroo hopped quickly to the playroom
FvfxCreocqg-00031-00013269-00013877 and locked the door behind her cami
FvfxCreocqg-00032-00013878-00014216 kangaroo scooped out a little of the ice
FvfxCreocqg-00033-00014216-00014632 cream and stuck her paws into her mouth
FvfxCreocqg-00034-00014633-00015088 it was the best ice cream she had ever
FvfxCreocqg-00035-00015088-00015572 tasted she lost track of time as she
FvfxCreocqg-00036-00015572-00015857 tried more and more of that delicious
FvfxCreocqg-00037-00015858-00016685 ice cream cami her mommy called cami
FvfxCreocqg-00038-00016686-00017186 froze the playroom door rattled and
FvfxCreocqg-00039-00017187-00018032 slowly opened mommy sighed and said come
FvfxCreocqg-00040-00018033-00018146 here cami
FvfxCreocqg-00041-00018147-00018986 we need to have a little talk cami it's
FvfxCreocqg-00042-00018987-00019339 not okay to sneak treats mommy kangaroo
FvfxCreocqg-00043-00019340-00019473 said
FvfxCreocqg-00044-00019474-00019850 treats have sugar and can cause cavities
FvfxCreocqg-00045-00019851-00020213 you have a dentist appointment coming up
FvfxCreocqg-00046-00020214-00020523 next time you want to treat you need to
FvfxCreocqg-00047-00020524-00020832 ask mommy or daddy first do you
FvfxCreocqg-00048-00020833-00021005 understand
FvfxCreocqg-00049-00021006-00021843 kami nodded but the very next day when
FvfxCreocqg-00050-00021844-00022244 mommy took Wyatt upstairs for a nap kami
FvfxCreocqg-00051-00022245-00022785 started thinking about treats again she
FvfxCreocqg-00052-00022786-00023073 quietly made her way back to the freezer
FvfxCreocqg-00053-00023074-00023580 drawer but this time it wouldn't open no
FvfxCreocqg-00054-00023581-00024273 matter how hard she pulled she hopped
FvfxCreocqg-00055-00024274-00024561 into the pantry searching for more
FvfxCreocqg-00056-00024562-00024870 goodies the top shelf
FvfxCreocqg-00057-00024871-00025556 that's where more treats were hidden
FvfxCreocqg-00058-00025557-00025908 after mommy cut canny eating sprinkles
FvfxCreocqg-00059-00025908-00026325 in the playroom she removed the lock
FvfxCreocqg-00060-00026326-00026679 from the playroom door and put it on the
FvfxCreocqg-00061-00026680-00027522 pantry door kami still didn't give up
FvfxCreocqg-00062-00027523-00027816 she found the cupcakes that were hidden
FvfxCreocqg-00063-00027817-00028110 on top of the refrigerator and licked
FvfxCreocqg-00064-00028111-00028629 off the frosting then she ate daddy's
FvfxCreocqg-00065-00028630-00028889 secret stash of chocolate bars that were
FvfxCreocqg-00066-00028891-00029214 in the drawer next to his bed and hid
FvfxCreocqg-00067-00029214-00029704 the wrappers behind her dresser
FvfxCreocqg-00068-00029705-00030082 she even found the pan of brownies
FvfxCreocqg-00069-00030083-00030589 mommy hid in a microwave every day kami
FvfxCreocqg-00070-00030589-00031374 found some way to sneak a treat soon
FvfxCreocqg-00071-00031375-00031671 after it was time for her dentist
FvfxCreocqg-00072-00031672-00032092 appointment kami sat in the big dentist
FvfxCreocqg-00073-00032093-00032899 chair after the hygienist cleaned and
FvfxCreocqg-00074-00032900-00033274 flossed her teeth the dentist came in to
FvfxCreocqg-00075-00033275-00033748 take a look the dentist said to mommy
FvfxCreocqg-00076-00033749-00034227 well I'm afraid she has four cavities
FvfxCreocqg-00077-00034228-00034617 [Music]
FvfxCreocqg-00078-00034618-00034949 kami do you brush and floss your teeth
FvfxCreocqg-00079-00034950-00035655 every day kami nodded have you been
FvfxCreocqg-00080-00035656-00036205 sneaking treats again mommy asked kami
FvfxCreocqg-00081-00036206-00036465 didn't say anything
FvfxCreocqg-00082-00036466-00036789 cami it's very important that you listen
FvfxCreocqg-00083-00036790-00037039 to your parents about treats so you
FvfxCreocqg-00084-00037040-00037296 don't get any more cavities so the
FvfxCreocqg-00085-00037297-00037623 dentist I'm going to let you choose a
FvfxCreocqg-00086-00037624-00037998 new toothbrush and some floss do you
FvfxCreocqg-00087-00037999-00038421 think you can stop sneaking treats cami
FvfxCreocqg-00088-00038422-00038943 nodded and said I'm sorry mommy mommy
FvfxCreocqg-00089-00038944-00039358 gave her a hug the dentist let her pick
FvfxCreocqg-00090-00039359-00039636 out a new toothbrush and some floss
FvfxCreocqg-00091-00039637-00040295 then cami and mommy kangaroo headed home
FvfxCreocqg-00092-00040296-00040510 when they got home
FvfxCreocqg-00093-00040511-00040827 cami bounded quickly into the house to
FvfxCreocqg-00094-00040828-00041155 tell daddy about the dentist she caught
FvfxCreocqg-00095-00041156-00041502 him and Wyatt sitting on the couch with
FvfxCreocqg-00096-00041503-00041858 a big bowl of ice cream
FvfxCreocqg-00097-00041859-00042286 mommy laughed I think it's safe to say
FvfxCreocqg-00098-00042287-00042679 this whole family has had too many
FvfxCreocqg-00099-00042680-00043112 sweets it's time to change our habits
FvfxCreocqg-00100-00043113-00043658 let's start with a healthy dinner
FvfxCreocqg-00101-00043659-00044107 here's wondering do you think cami wants
FvfxCreocqg-00102-00044108-00044698 to stop sneaking sweets many say yes she
FvfxCreocqg-00103-00044699-00045201 said she was sorry bear well bear is
FvfxCreocqg-00104-00045202-00045535 also asking who else needs to eat less
FvfxCreocqg-00105-00045536-00046251 sugar bear thinks her dad does too hmm
FvfxCreocqg-00106-00046252-00046476 who will cami need to help her keep
FvfxCreocqg-00107-00046477-00046857 eating healthier food if you said her
FvfxCreocqg-00108-00046858-00047455 dad and mom bear agrees with you bear
FvfxCreocqg-00109-00047456-00047695 also hopes you come back soon for more
FvfxCreocqg-00110-00047696-00047995 adventures in families who make good
FvfxCreocqg-00111-00047996-00048304 choices together bye for now
FvfxCreocqg-00112-00048305-00048515 please subscribe
FvfxCreocqg-00113-00048516-00049775 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00000-00000023-00001008 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00001-00001009-00001235 very chocolatey very strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00002-00001236-00001441 introducing Oreo strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00003-00001442-00001873 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00004-00001873-00002343 yoga strawberries
FvjxNgPK0DA-00005-00002344-00002557 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00006-00002558-00002776 very chocolatey very strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00007-00002777-00002983 introducing Oreo strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00008-00002984-00004627 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00009-00004628-00005023 strawberry introducing Oreo strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00010-00005024-00006175 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00011-00006176-00006443 chocolate very strawberry introducing
FvjxNgPK0DA-00012-00006444-00006664 Oreo strawberry
FvjxNgPK0DA-00014-00009774-00010212 foreign
FvjxNgPK0DA-00015-00010213-00011124 [Music]
FvjxNgPK0DA-00016-00011125-00012962 [Music]
FvFOgoESYbu-00001-00009143-00009466 do
FvFOgoESYbu-00003-00014640-00014833 do
FvFOgoESYbu-00004-00014834-00017486 [Music]
FvFOgoESYbu-00005-00017487-00017629 do
FvFOgoESYbu-00006-00017630-00018711 [Music]
FvFOgoESYbu-00007-00018712-00018920 you
FvX-ux8suig-00000-00000280-00000582 it's your thinking to get you in trouble
FvX-ux8suig-00001-00000583-00000790 it's your thoughts that cause your
FvX-ux8suig-00002-00000791-00000943 stress
FvX-ux8suig-00003-00000944-00001207 hi i'm ali biermann i'm glad you came by
FvX-ux8suig-00004-00001208-00001543 today you can find me over it thrive
FvX-ux8suig-00005-00001544-00001830 don't just survive dot com now last week
FvX-ux8suig-00006-00001832-00002151 i made a video all about those words
FvX-ux8suig-00007-00002152-00002326 that your thoughts that are causing your
FvX-ux8suig-00008-00002327-00002639 stress and if you click up there you'll
FvX-ux8suig-00009-00002640-00002815 be able to see that video and get the
FvX-ux8suig-00010-00002816-00003095 full story but what i want to do today
FvX-ux8suig-00011-00003096-00003406 is talk to you about
FvX-ux8suig-00012-00003407-00003495 how
FvX-ux8suig-00013-00003496-00003622 your thoughts
FvX-ux8suig-00014-00003623-00003975 are creating your life your problems in
FvX-ux8suig-00015-00003976-00004222 particular
FvX-ux8suig-00016-00004223-00004486 some years ago i had some surgery brain
FvX-ux8suig-00017-00004487-00004822 surgery that caused damage that left me
FvX-ux8suig-00018-00004823-00005095 with acid that i couldn't stop that's
FvX-ux8suig-00019-00005096-00005318 going on in here all the time
FvX-ux8suig-00020-00005319-00005518 now after a number of years of the acid
FvX-ux8suig-00021-00005519-00005854 building up i found myself in a place of
FvX-ux8suig-00022-00005855-00006151 being in terrible terrible pain
FvX-ux8suig-00023-00006152-00006399 and just not able to function
FvX-ux8suig-00024-00006400-00006623 and i started thinking about it and i
FvX-ux8suig-00025-00006623-00006767 started thinking about oh yeah i know
FvX-ux8suig-00026-00006768-00007006 the consequences of what happens so what
FvX-ux8suig-00027-00007008-00007206 do you think happened it got worse and
FvX-ux8suig-00028-00007208-00007398 worse and worse to the point where i
FvX-ux8suig-00029-00007400-00007542 didn't think i'd make it through the
FvX-ux8suig-00030-00007543-00007863 next 60 days i'd be out my will
FvX-ux8suig-00031-00007864-00008014 and i just
FvX-ux8suig-00032-00008015-00008255 basically laid real still to minimize
FvX-ux8suig-00033-00008256-00008407 how much to hurt
FvX-ux8suig-00034-00008408-00008799 and then one day the universe said hello
FvX-ux8suig-00035-00008800-00008983 it's just you're thinking it's doing it
FvX-ux8suig-00036-00008984-00009174 to make it so bad
FvX-ux8suig-00037-00009175-00009431 so yeah there's something going on that
FvX-ux8suig-00038-00009432-00009678 i kind of reverse but
FvX-ux8suig-00039-00009679-00009910 i stopped thinking about how bad i felt
FvX-ux8suig-00040-00009911-00010214 i stopped thinking about what could
FvX-ux8suig-00041-00010215-00010327 happen
FvX-ux8suig-00042-00010328-00010606 and instead i started spending more time
FvX-ux8suig-00043-00010607-00010806 just meditating just
FvX-ux8suig-00044-00010807-00011151 being in the love energy that is the i
FvX-ux8suig-00045-00011152-00011391 am that is god's source universe
FvX-ux8suig-00046-00011392-00011606 whatever word you use
FvX-ux8suig-00047-00011607-00011919 i've felt better pretty quickly
FvX-ux8suig-00048-00011920-00012214 and was able to not just get on with my
FvX-ux8suig-00049-00012215-00012455 life but to be able to create new
FvX-ux8suig-00050-00012456-00012591 projects
FvX-ux8suig-00051-00012592-00012670 and
FvX-ux8suig-00052-00012671-00012919 be able to share with you how you can
FvX-ux8suig-00053-00012919-00013175 change your life when you turn off that
FvX-ux8suig-00054-00013176-00013399 ego mind yours
FvX-ux8suig-00055-00013400-00013671 stop thinking stop thinking about your
FvX-ux8suig-00056-00013672-00014015 problems because in the big picture
FvX-ux8suig-00057-00014016-00014255 worrying about that relationship or that
FvX-ux8suig-00058-00014256-00014471 job or your finances
FvX-ux8suig-00059-00014472-00014663 in the big picture
FvX-ux8suig-00060-00014663-00014975 you're creating those problems what you
FvX-ux8suig-00061-00014976-00015271 focus on expands thank you for clicking
FvX-ux8suig-00062-00015272-00015479 like and share i will see you here next
FvX-ux8suig-00063-00015480-00015928 week and we'll go even further
FvYg6U8QcQo-00000-00000041-00000383 Sikhism Punjabi Sikh ERC ki ciggy
FvYg6U8QcQo-00001-00000384-00000617 pronounced sky I from seek meaning a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00002-00000618-00001139 disciple seeker or learner is an Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-00003-00001140-00001340 religion that originated in the Punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-00004-00001341-00001547 region of the Indian subcontinent around
FvYg6U8QcQo-00005-00001548-00001745 the end of the 15th century and has
FvYg6U8QcQo-00006-00001746-00001970 variously been defined as monotheistic
FvYg6U8QcQo-00007-00001971-00002258 monistic and panentheism it is one of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00008-00002259-00002390 the youngest of the major world
FvYg6U8QcQo-00009-00002391-00002555 religions and the world's fifth largest
FvYg6U8QcQo-00010-00002556-00002849 organized religion the fundamental
FvYg6U8QcQo-00011-00002850-00003065 beliefs of Sikhism articulated in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00012-00003066-00003247 Sacred Scripture Guru Granth Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00013-00003248-00003488 include faith and meditation on the name
FvYg6U8QcQo-00014-00003489-00003697 of the one creator divine unity and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00015-00003698-00003931 equality of all humankind engaging in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00016-00003932-00004106 selfless service striving for justice
FvYg6U8QcQo-00017-00004107-00004354 for the benefit and prosperity of all an
FvYg6U8QcQo-00018-00004355-00004541 honest conduct and livelihood while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00019-00004542-00004790 living a householders life in the early
FvYg6U8QcQo-00020-00004791-00005054 21st century there were nearly 25
FvYg6U8QcQo-00021-00005055-00005249 million Sikhs worldwide the great
FvYg6U8QcQo-00022-00005250-00005429 majority of them living in Punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-00023-00005430-00005631 according to the Encyclopedia Britannica
FvYg6U8QcQo-00024-00005632-00005861 Sikhism is based on the spiritual
FvYg6U8QcQo-00025-00005862-00006111 teachings of Guru Nanak the first guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00026-00006112-00006472 1469 to 1539 and the nine sikh gurus
FvYg6U8QcQo-00027-00006473-00006752 that succeeded him the tenth guru guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00028-00006753-00006967 gobind singh named the sikh scripture
FvYg6U8QcQo-00029-00006968-00007166 Guru Granth Sahib as his successor
FvYg6U8QcQo-00030-00007167-00007388 terminating the line of human gurus and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00031-00007389-00007541 making the scripture the eternal
FvYg6U8QcQo-00032-00007542-00007777 religious spiritual guide for Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00033-00007778-00008009 Sikhism rejects claims that any
FvYg6U8QcQo-00034-00008009-00008207 particular religious tradition has a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00035-00008208-00008423 monopoly on absolute truth the Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00036-00008424-00008624 scripture opens with ik Onkar it's
FvYg6U8QcQo-00037-00008625-00008828 moment our and fundamental prayer about
FvYg6U8QcQo-00038-00008829-00009194 one Supreme Being God Sikhism emphasizes
FvYg6U8QcQo-00039-00009195-00009383 Simran meditation on the words of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00040-00009384-00009587 Guru Granth Sahib that can be expressed
FvYg6U8QcQo-00041-00009588-00009791 musically through kirtan or internally
FvYg6U8QcQo-00042-00009792-00010006 through naam japa repeat God's name as a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00043-00010007-00010174 means to feel God's presence
FvYg6U8QcQo-00044-00010175-00010448 it teaches followers to transform the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00045-00010449-00010808 five thieves lust rage greed attachment
FvYg6U8QcQo-00046-00010809-00011141 and ego hand-in-hand secular life is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00047-00011142-00011291 considered to be intertwined with the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00048-00011292-00011578 spiritual life Guru Nanak taught that
FvYg6U8QcQo-00049-00011579-00011821 living an active creative and practical
FvYg6U8QcQo-00050-00011822-00012187 life of truthfulness fidelity
FvYg6U8QcQo-00051-00012188-00012494 self-control and purity is above the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00052-00012495-00012677 metaphysical truth and that the ideal
FvYg6U8QcQo-00053-00012678-00012941 man is one who establishes union with
FvYg6U8QcQo-00054-00012941-00013190 God knows his will and carries out that
FvYg6U8QcQo-00055-00013191-00013316 well
FvYg6U8QcQo-00056-00013316-00013588 guru Hargobind the six Sikh guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00057-00013590-00013816 established the political temporal Miri
FvYg6U8QcQo-00058-00013818-00014069 and spiritual Puri realms to be mutually
FvYg6U8QcQo-00059-00014069-00014305 coexistent Sikhism evolved in times of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00060-00014306-00014572 religious persecution two of the Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00061-00014573-00015029 gurus Guru Arjan 1563 - 1605 and Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00062-00015030-00015446 Tegh Bahadur 1621 to 1675 were tortured
FvYg6U8QcQo-00063-00015447-00015662 and executed by the Mughal rulers after
FvYg6U8QcQo-00064-00015663-00015899 they refused to convert to Islam the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00065-00015900-00016082 persecution of Sikhs triggered the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00066-00016083-00016262 founding of the Khalsa as an order to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00067-00016263-00016424 protect the freedom of conscience and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00068-00016425-00016721 religion with qualities of a son sipahi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00069-00016722-00017021 a saint soldier the Khalsa was founded
FvYg6U8QcQo-00070-00017022-00017566 by the last Sikh Guru Guru Gobind Singh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00071-00017567-00018133 topic seek terminology
FvYg6U8QcQo-00072-00018134-00018358 the majority of Sikh scriptures were
FvYg6U8QcQo-00073-00018359-00018490 originally written in the Gurmukhi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00074-00018491-00018757 alphabet a script standardized by guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00075-00018758-00018976 Angad out of Landa scripts used in north
FvYg6U8QcQo-00076-00018977-00019261 india adherents of Sikhism are known as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00077-00019262-00019450 Sikhs which means students are disciples
FvYg6U8QcQo-00078-00019451-00019783 of the Guru the anglicized word Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00079-00019784-00020017 is derived from the Punjabi verb seeking
FvYg6U8QcQo-00080-00020018-00020260 with roots in C kana to learn and c ki
FvYg6U8QcQo-00081-00020261-00020650 connotes the temporal path of learning
FvYg6U8QcQo-00082-00020651-00020830 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-00083-00020831-00021425 topic philosophy and teachings
FvYg6U8QcQo-00084-00021426-00021655 the basis of Sikhism lies in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00085-00021656-00021814 teachings of Guru Nanak and his
FvYg6U8QcQo-00086-00021815-00022127 successors many sources call Sikhism a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00087-00022128-00022333 monotheistic religion while others call
FvYg6U8QcQo-00088-00022334-00022542 it a monistic and Pentheus t'k religion
FvYg6U8QcQo-00089-00022543-00022796 according to Eleanor Nesbitt English
FvYg6U8QcQo-00090-00022797-00022994 renderings of Sikhism as a monotheistic
FvYg6U8QcQo-00091-00022995-00023294 religion 10 misleadingly to reinforce a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00092-00023295-00023477 Semitic understanding of monotheism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00093-00023478-00023728 rather than Guru Nanak's mystical
FvYg6U8QcQo-00094-00023729-00023924 awareness of the one that is expressed
FvYg6U8QcQo-00095-00023925-00024227 through the many however what is not in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00096-00024228-00024596 doubt as the emphasis on 1 in Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00097-00024597-00024917 the concept of God his Waheguru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00098-00024918-00025139 considered nearing kar shapeless a call
FvYg6U8QcQo-00099-00025140-00025394 timeless and alakh Niranjan invisible
FvYg6U8QcQo-00100-00025395-00025681 the Sikh scripture begins with ik Onkar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00101-00025682-00025927 which refers to the formless one and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00102-00025927-00026143 understood in the Sikh tradition as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00103-00026144-00026429 monotheistic unity of God Sikhism is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00104-00026430-00026639 classified as an Indian religion along
FvYg6U8QcQo-00105-00026639-00026887 with Buddhism Hinduism and Jainism given
FvYg6U8QcQo-00106-00026888-00027098 its geographical origin and its sharing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00107-00027099-00027283 some concepts with them Sikh ethics
FvYg6U8QcQo-00108-00027285-00027415 emphasize the congruence between
FvYg6U8QcQo-00109-00027416-00027662 spiritual development and everyday moral
FvYg6U8QcQo-00110-00027663-00027899 conduct its founder Guru Nanak
FvYg6U8QcQo-00111-00027900-00028142 summarized this perspective with truth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00112-00028143-00028373 is the highest virtue but higher still
FvYg6U8QcQo-00113-00028374-00028697 is truthful living
FvYg6U8QcQo-00114-00028698-00028852 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-00115-00028854-00029383 topic concept of life
FvYg6U8QcQo-00116-00029384-00029683 God in Sikhism is known as ik Onkar the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00117-00029684-00029905 one supreme reality or the all-pervading
FvYg6U8QcQo-00118-00029906-00030187 spirit which is taken to mean God this
FvYg6U8QcQo-00119-00030188-00030407 spirit has no gender in Sikhism though
FvYg6U8QcQo-00120-00030408-00030632 translations may present it as masculine
FvYg6U8QcQo-00121-00030633-00030907 it is also a called perk beyond time and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00122-00030908-00031126 space and nearing car without form
FvYg6U8QcQo-00123-00031127-00031373 in addition nanak wrote that there are
FvYg6U8QcQo-00124-00031374-00031573 many worlds on which it has created life
FvYg6U8QcQo-00125-00031574-00031780 the traditional moment are goes from
FvYg6U8QcQo-00126-00031781-00032005 echo on car until nanak hosi bhi sach
FvYg6U8QcQo-00127-00032006-00032266 the opening line of the guru granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00128-00032267-00032507 sahib and each subsequent raga mentions
FvYg6U8QcQo-00129-00032508-00032944 a poem car translated by passing Cetina
FvYg6U8QcQo-00130-00032945-00033182 mukara da porra Kuni Rabbani review
FvYg6U8QcQo-00131-00033183-00033430 akela Marathi a junice a begorrah
FvYg6U8QcQo-00132-00033431-00033730 Prasad e transliteration ikk o unkar Sat
FvYg6U8QcQo-00133-00033731-00034036 I Nam you Kurata purakh you niryabi you
FvYg6U8QcQo-00134-00034037-00034363 nee Rivera you a call Murat I a junice a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00135-00034364-00034729 beggar of Prasad I there is one Supreme
FvYg6U8QcQo-00136-00034730-00034990 Being the eternal reality the creator
FvYg6U8QcQo-00137-00034991-00035182 without fear and devoid of enmity
FvYg6U8QcQo-00138-00035183-00035510 immortal never incarnated self-existent
FvYg6U8QcQo-00139-00035511-00036075 known by grace through the true guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00140-00036076-00036590 topic worldly illusion
FvYg6U8QcQo-00141-00036591-00036876 myah defined as a temporary illusion or
FvYg6U8QcQo-00142-00036877-00037205 unreality is one of the core deviations
FvYg6U8QcQo-00143-00037206-00037361 from the pursuit of God and salvation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00144-00037362-00037589 we're worldly attractions which give
FvYg6U8QcQo-00145-00037590-00037836 only illusory temporary satisfaction and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00146-00037837-00038033 pain which distract the process of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00147-00038034-00038351 devotion of God however Nanak emphasized
FvYg6U8QcQo-00148-00038352-00038558 Maya as not a reference to the unreality
FvYg6U8QcQo-00149-00038559-00038776 of the world but of its values in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00150-00038777-00039086 Sikhism the influences of ego anger
FvYg6U8QcQo-00151-00039087-00039330 greed attachment and lust known as the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00152-00039331-00039476 five thieves are believed to be
FvYg6U8QcQo-00153-00039477-00039676 particularly distracting and hurtful
FvYg6U8QcQo-00154-00039677-00039942 Sikhs believe the world is currently in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00155-00039943-00040158 a state of Kali Yuga age of darkness
FvYg6U8QcQo-00156-00040159-00040332 because the world is led astray by the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00157-00040333-00040599 love of an attachment to Maya the fate
FvYg6U8QcQo-00158-00040600-00040785 of people vulnerable to the five thieves
FvYg6U8QcQo-00159-00040786-00041033 Panch chore is separation from God and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00160-00041034-00041252 the situation may be remedied only after
FvYg6U8QcQo-00161-00041253-00041760 intensive and relentless devotion
FvYg6U8QcQo-00162-00041761-00042197 soppec timeless truth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00163-00042198-00042431 according to Guru Nanak the supreme
FvYg6U8QcQo-00164-00042432-00042632 purpose of human life has to reconnect
FvYg6U8QcQo-00165-00042633-00042818 with a call the timeless one however
FvYg6U8QcQo-00166-00042819-00043064 egotism is the biggest barrier in doing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00167-00043065-00043304 this using the Guru's teaching
FvYg6U8QcQo-00168-00043305-00043505 remembrance of naam the divine word or
FvYg6U8QcQo-00169-00043506-00043676 the name of the Lord leads to the end of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00170-00043677-00043976 egotism guru nanak designated the word
FvYg6U8QcQo-00171-00043977-00044201 guru meaning teacher to mean the voice
FvYg6U8QcQo-00172-00044202-00044444 of the spirit the source of knowledge
FvYg6U8QcQo-00173-00044445-00044690 and the guide to salvation as it gaan
FvYg6U8QcQo-00174-00044691-00044900 car is universally eminent guru is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00175-00044901-00045191 indistinguishable from a call and are
FvYg6U8QcQo-00176-00045192-00045413 one in the same one connects with guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00177-00045414-00045617 only with accumulation of selfless
FvYg6U8QcQo-00178-00045618-00045878 search of truth ultimately the seeker
FvYg6U8QcQo-00179-00045879-00046037 realizes that it is the consciousness
FvYg6U8QcQo-00180-00046038-00046250 within the body which is seeker follower
FvYg6U8QcQo-00181-00046251-00046493 of the word that is the true guru the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00182-00046494-00046706 human body is just a means to achieve
FvYg6U8QcQo-00183-00046707-00046982 the reunion with truth once truth starts
FvYg6U8QcQo-00184-00046983-00047174 to shine in a person's heart the essence
FvYg6U8QcQo-00185-00047175-00047363 of current and past holy books of all
FvYg6U8QcQo-00186-00047364-00047830 religions is understood by the person
FvYg6U8QcQo-00187-00047831-00048326 topic liberation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00188-00048327-00048566 guru Nanak's teachings are founded not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00189-00048567-00048764 on a final destination of heaven or hell
FvYg6U8QcQo-00190-00048765-00048992 but on a spiritual union with the a call
FvYg6U8QcQo-00191-00048993-00049196 which results in salvation or Javan
FvYg6U8QcQo-00192-00049197-00049457 Mukti liberation whilst alive a concept
FvYg6U8QcQo-00193-00049458-00049784 also found in Hinduism Guru Gobind Singh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00194-00049785-00049961 makes it clear that human birth is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00195-00049962-00050150 obtained with great fortune therefore
FvYg6U8QcQo-00196-00050151-00050324 one needs to be able to make the most of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00197-00050325-00050495 this life Sikhs believe in reincarnation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00198-00050496-00050738 and karma concepts found in Buddhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00199-00050739-00051095 Hinduism and Jainism however in Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00200-00051096-00051389 both karma and liberation is modified by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00201-00051390-00051742 the concept of God's grace Nadar mehar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00202-00051744-00052049 kirpa Karamat cetera guru nanak states
FvYg6U8QcQo-00203-00052050-00052310 the body takes birth because of karma
FvYg6U8QcQo-00204-00052311-00052673 but salvation is attained through grace
FvYg6U8QcQo-00205-00052674-00052913 to get closer to God seeks avoid the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00206-00052914-00053132 evils of Maya keep the everlasting truth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00207-00053133-00053372 in mind practice shabad kirtan meditate
FvYg6U8QcQo-00208-00053373-00053663 on naam and serve humanity Sikhs believe
FvYg6U8QcQo-00209-00053664-00053873 that being in the company of the satsang
FvYg6U8QcQo-00210-00053874-00054140 or sabh sangat is one of the key ways to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00211-00054141-00054323 achieve liberation from the cycles of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00212-00054324-00054729 reincarnation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00213-00054730-00054976 topic power and devotion Shakti and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00214-00054977-00055537 bhakti Sikhism was influenced by the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00215-00055538-00055738 bhakti movement but it was not simply an
FvYg6U8QcQo-00216-00055739-00055872 extension of bhakti
FvYg6U8QcQo-00217-00055873-00056154 Sikhism for instance disagreed with some
FvYg6U8QcQo-00218-00056155-00056355 views of bhakti Saints Kabir and Ravidas
FvYg6U8QcQo-00219-00056357-00056611 Guru Nanak the first Sikh guru and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00220-00056612-00056899 founder of Sikhism was a bhakti saint he
FvYg6U8QcQo-00221-00056900-00057076 taught States John Mayall that the most
FvYg6U8QcQo-00222-00057077-00057391 important form of worship is bhakti guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00223-00057391-00057646 Arjan in his sukhmani sahib recommended
FvYg6U8QcQo-00224-00057647-00057811 the true religion as one of loving
FvYg6U8QcQo-00225-00057812-00058107 devotion to God the Sikh scripture Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00226-00058108-00058336 Granth Sahib includes suggestions on how
FvYg6U8QcQo-00227-00058337-00058539 a Sikh should perform constant bhakti
FvYg6U8QcQo-00228-00058540-00058857 some scholars call Sikhism a bhakti sect
FvYg6U8QcQo-00229-00058858-00059035 of Indian traditions adding that it
FvYg6U8QcQo-00230-00059036-00059382 emphasizes Nirguna bhakti that is loving
FvYg6U8QcQo-00231-00059383-00059578 devotion to a divine without qualities
FvYg6U8QcQo-00232-00059579-00059904 or physical form however Sikhism also
FvYg6U8QcQo-00233-00059905-00060121 accepts the concept of saguni that is a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00234-00060122-00060376 divine with qualities in form while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00235-00060377-00060586 Western scholarship generally places
FvYg6U8QcQo-00236-00060587-00060801 Sikhism as arising primarily within a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00237-00060802-00060982 Hindu bhakti movement milieu while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00238-00060983-00061228 recognizing some Sufi Islamic influences
FvYg6U8QcQo-00239-00061229-00061477 Indian Sikh scholars disagree and state
FvYg6U8QcQo-00240-00061478-00061696 that Sikhism transcended the environment
FvYg6U8QcQo-00241-00061697-00061888 it emerged from some Sikh sex outside
FvYg6U8QcQo-00242-00061889-00062125 the Punjab region of India such as those
FvYg6U8QcQo-00243-00062126-00062353 found in Maharashtra and Bihar practice
FvYg6U8QcQo-00244-00062354-00062557 Aarti with lamps during bhakti in a Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00245-00062558-00062827 Gurdwara but most Sikh Gurdwara --zz
FvYg6U8QcQo-00246-00062828-00063061 forbid the ceremonial use of lamps Aarti
FvYg6U8QcQo-00247-00063062-00063232 during their bhakti practices while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00248-00063233-00063463 emphasizing bhakti the Sikh gurus also
FvYg6U8QcQo-00249-00063464-00063640 taught that the spiritual life and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00250-00063641-00063844 secular householder life are intertwined
FvYg6U8QcQo-00251-00063845-00064150 in Sikh worldview the everyday world is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00252-00064151-00064348 part of the infinite reality increased
FvYg6U8QcQo-00253-00064349-00064557 spiritual awareness leads to increased
FvYg6U8QcQo-00254-00064558-00064777 in vibrant participation in the everyday
FvYg6U8QcQo-00255-00064778-00065101 world guru nanak states sonali Marwa ha
FvYg6U8QcQo-00256-00065102-00065374 described living in active creative and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00257-00065375-00065775 practical life of truthfulness fidelity
FvYg6U8QcQo-00258-00065776-00066100 self-control and purity as being higher
FvYg6U8QcQo-00259-00066101-00066292 than the metaphysical truth the sixth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00260-00066293-00066559 Sikh guru guru hargobind after guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00261-00066560-00066712 Arjan martyrdom and faced with
FvYg6U8QcQo-00262-00066713-00066937 oppression by the Islamic Mughal Empire
FvYg6U8QcQo-00263-00066938-00067111 affirmed the philosophy that the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00264-00067112-00067332 political temporal Miri and spiritual
FvYg6U8QcQo-00265-00067333-00067572 puri realms are mutually coexistent
FvYg6U8QcQo-00266-00067573-00067825 according to the ninth Sikh guru Tegh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00267-00067826-00068038 Bahadur the ideal Sikh should have both
FvYg6U8QcQo-00268-00068039-00068110 Shakti
FvYg6U8QcQo-00269-00068111-00068278 power that resides in the temporal and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00270-00068279-00068509 bhakti spiritual meditative qualities
FvYg6U8QcQo-00271-00068510-00068785 this was developed into the concept of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00272-00068786-00068994 the saint soldier by the tenth Sikh Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00273-00068995-00069225 Gobind Singh the concept of man is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00274-00069226-00069469 elaborated by Guru Nanak States Arvind
FvYg6U8QcQo-00275-00069470-00069694 Pal Singh man dare refines and negates
FvYg6U8QcQo-00276-00069695-00070094 the monotheistic concept of self God and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00277-00070095-00070378 monotheism becomes almost redundant in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00278-00070379-00070666 the movement and crossings of love the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00279-00070667-00070891 goal of man taught the Sikh gurus is to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00280-00070892-00071161 end all dualities of self and other I am
FvYg6U8QcQo-00281-00071162-00071500 NOT I attain the attendant balance of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00282-00071501-00071767 separation fusion cell father action
FvYg6U8QcQo-00283-00071768-00072019 inaction attachment attachment in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00284-00072020-00072368 course of daily life
FvYg6U8QcQo-00285-00072369-00072523 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-00286-00072524-00073178 topic singing and music Sikhs refer to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00287-00073179-00073367 the hymns of the gurus as Gurbani the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00288-00073368-00073658 guru's word shabad kirtan as the singing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00289-00073659-00073928 of Gurbani the entire verses of Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00290-00073929-00074105 Granth Sahib are written in a form of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00291-00074106-00074342 poetry and rhyme to be recited in 31
FvYg6U8QcQo-00292-00074343-00074558 raagas of the classical Indian music as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00293-00074559-00074858 specified however the exponents of these
FvYg6U8QcQo-00294-00074859-00075035 are rarely to be found amongst the Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00295-00075036-00075218 who are conversant with all durog is in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00296-00075219-00075524 the Guru Granth Sahib Guru Nanak started
FvYg6U8QcQo-00297-00075525-00075710 the shabad kirtan tradition and taught
FvYg6U8QcQo-00298-00075711-00075908 that listening to kirtan as a powerful
FvYg6U8QcQo-00299-00075909-00076067 way to achieve tranquillity while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00300-00076068-00076265 meditating singing of the glories of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00301-00076266-00076457 supreme timeless one God with devotion
FvYg6U8QcQo-00302-00076458-00076670 is the most effective way to come in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00303-00076671-00076853 communion with the supreme timeless one
FvYg6U8QcQo-00304-00076854-00077099 the three morning prayers for Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00305-00077100-00077360 consists of japji sahib jaap sahib and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00306-00077361-00077642 tapp prasad survey baptized Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00307-00077643-00077888 amaranth RS rise early and meditate and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00308-00077889-00078077 then recite all the five bandha submit
FvYg6U8QcQo-00309-00078078-00078514 name before breakfast
FvYg6U8QcQo-00310-00078515-00079044 topic remembrance of the Divine Name
FvYg6U8QcQo-00311-00079045-00079299 a key practice by sikh says remembrance
FvYg6U8QcQo-00312-00079300-00079509 of the Divine Name Vaheguru naam the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00313-00079510-00079785 name of the Lord this contemplation is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00314-00079786-00079992 done through naam na repetition of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00315-00079993-00080169 the Divine Name or naam simran
FvYg6U8QcQo-00316-00080170-00080319 remembrance of the Divine Name through
FvYg6U8QcQo-00317-00080320-00080622 recitation the verbal repetition of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00318-00080623-00080829 name of God or a sacred syllable has
FvYg6U8QcQo-00319-00080830-00081030 been an ancient established practice in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00320-00081031-00081219 religious traditions in India however
FvYg6U8QcQo-00321-00081220-00081456 Sikhism developed naam simran as an
FvYg6U8QcQo-00322-00081457-00081756 important bhakti practice Guru Nanak Sai
FvYg6U8QcQo-00323-00081757-00081948 Deol is the total exposure of one's
FvYg6U8QcQo-00324-00081949-00082128 being to the Divine Name and a total
FvYg6U8QcQo-00325-00082129-00082409 conforming to Dharma or the divine order
FvYg6U8QcQo-00326-00082410-00082638 Nanak described the result of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00327-00082639-00082836 disciplined application of naam simran
FvYg6U8QcQo-00328-00082837-00083072 is a growing towards and into God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00329-00083073-00083376 through a gradual process of five stages
FvYg6U8QcQo-00330-00083377-00083625 the last of these is sac cond the realm
FvYg6U8QcQo-00331-00083626-00083832 of truth the final union of the spirit
FvYg6U8QcQo-00332-00083833-00084211 with God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00333-00084212-00084682 topic service in action
FvYg6U8QcQo-00334-00084683-00084919 the Sikh gurus taught that by constantly
FvYg6U8QcQo-00335-00084920-00085150 remembering the divine name naam simran
FvYg6U8QcQo-00336-00085151-00085372 and through selfless service or Seva the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00337-00085373-00085708 devotee overcomes egoism Pal my this it
FvYg6U8QcQo-00338-00085709-00085948 states is the primary root of five evil
FvYg6U8QcQo-00339-00085949-00086104 impulses and the cycle of rebirth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00340-00086105-00086430 service in Sikhism takes three forms tan
FvYg6U8QcQo-00341-00086431-00086824 physical service man mental service such
FvYg6U8QcQo-00342-00086825-00086992 as studying to help others end
FvYg6U8QcQo-00343-00086993-00087349 dawn material service Sikhism stresses
FvYg6U8QcQo-00344-00087350-00087700 CoroCoro that us honest work Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00345-00087701-00087904 teachings also stress the concept of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00346-00087905-00088117 sharing or van Chico giving to the needy
FvYg6U8QcQo-00347-00088118-00088565 for the benefit of the community
FvYg6U8QcQo-00348-00088566-00089201 topic justice and equality Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00349-00089202-00089441 regards God is the true king the king of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00350-00089442-00089624 all kings the one who dispenses justice
FvYg6U8QcQo-00351-00089625-00089855 through the law of karma a retributive
FvYg6U8QcQo-00352-00089856-00090059 model and divine grace the term for
FvYg6U8QcQo-00353-00090060-00090320 justice in the Sikh tradition us meow it
FvYg6U8QcQo-00354-00090321-00090668 is related to the term Dharam which in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00355-00090669-00090851 Sikhism connotes moral order and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00356-00090852-00091070 righteousness according to the tenth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00357-00091071-00091301 Sikh Guru Guru Gobind Singh states
FvYg6U8QcQo-00358-00091302-00091598 passing a professor of sikh studies one
FvYg6U8QcQo-00359-00091599-00091829 must first try all the peaceful means of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00360-00091830-00092018 negotiation in the pursuit of justice
FvYg6U8QcQo-00361-00092019-00092345 and if these fail then it is legitimate
FvYg6U8QcQo-00362-00092346-00092570 to draw the sword in defense of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00363-00092571-00092686 righteousness
FvYg6U8QcQo-00364-00092687-00093029 Sikhism considers an attack on Dharam as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00365-00093030-00093272 an attack on justice unrighteousness and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00366-00093273-00093581 on the moral order generally and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00367-00093582-00093956 Dharam must be defended at all costs the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00368-00093957-00094163 divine name as its antidote for all pain
FvYg6U8QcQo-00369-00094164-00094388 and vices forgiveness is taught as a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00370-00094389-00094598 virtue in Sikhism yet it also teaches
FvYg6U8QcQo-00371-00094599-00094787 its faithful to shun those with evil
FvYg6U8QcQo-00372-00094788-00094958 intentions and to pick up the sword to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00373-00094959-00095114 fight injustice and religious
FvYg6U8QcQo-00374-00095115-00095288 persecution Sikhism does not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00375-00095289-00095498 differentiate religious obligations by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00376-00095499-00095825 gender God in Sikhism has no gender and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00377-00095826-00095996 the Sikh scripture does not discriminate
FvYg6U8QcQo-00378-00095997-00096200 against the woman nor bar her from any
FvYg6U8QcQo-00379-00096201-00096521 roles women in Sikhism have led battles
FvYg6U8QcQo-00380-00096522-00096985 and issued hukum namaz
FvYg6U8QcQo-00381-00096986-00097493 topic ten gurus and authority
FvYg6U8QcQo-00382-00097494-00097736 the term guru comes from the Sanskrit
FvYg6U8QcQo-00383-00097737-00098072 guru meaning teacher guide or mentor the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00384-00098073-00098279 traditions and philosophy of Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00385-00098280-00098582 were established by 10 gurus from 1469
FvYg6U8QcQo-00386-00098583-00098921 to 1708 each guru added to and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00387-00098922-00099083 reinforced the message taught by the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00388-00099084-00099287 previous resulting in the creation of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00389-00099288-00099551 the Sikh religion guru nanak was the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00390-00099552-00099761 first guru and appointed a disciple as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00391-00099762-00100031 successor Guru Gobind Singh was the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00392-00100032-00100286 final guru in human form before his
FvYg6U8QcQo-00393-00100287-00100559 death Guru Gobind Singh decreed in 1708
FvYg6U8QcQo-00394-00100560-00100778 that the Guru Granth Sahib would be the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00395-00100779-00100982 final and perpetual guru of the Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00396-00100983-00101219 guru nanak stated that his guru was god
FvYg6U8QcQo-00397-00101220-00101381 who is the same from the beginning of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00398-00101382-00101651 time to the end of time Nanak claimed to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00399-00101652-00101846 be God's mouthpiece God's slave and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00400-00101847-00102029 servant but maintained that he was only
FvYg6U8QcQo-00401-00102030-00102293 a guide and teacher nanak stated that
FvYg6U8QcQo-00402-00102294-00102493 the human guru is mortal who is to be
FvYg6U8QcQo-00403-00102494-00102701 respected and loved but not worshipped
FvYg6U8QcQo-00404-00102702-00103040 when guru or satoru the true guru is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00405-00103041-00103274 used in gurbani it is often referring to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00406-00103275-00103435 the highest expression of truthfulness
FvYg6U8QcQo-00407-00103436-00103705 god guru Angad succeeded guru nanak
FvYg6U8QcQo-00408-00103706-00103955 later an important phase in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00409-00103956-00104138 development of Sikhism came with the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00410-00104139-00104455 third successor guru amar das guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00411-00104456-00104666 Nanak's teachings emphasised the pursuit
FvYg6U8QcQo-00412-00104667-00104894 of salvation guru amar das began
FvYg6U8QcQo-00413-00104895-00105061 building a cohesive community of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00414-00105063-00105224 followers with initiatives such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00415-00105225-00105431 sanctioning distinctive ceremonies for
FvYg6U8QcQo-00416-00105432-00105746 birth marriage and death amar das also
FvYg6U8QcQo-00417-00105747-00105863 established the mangy
FvYg6U8QcQo-00418-00105864-00106067 comparable to a diocese system of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00419-00106068-00106304 clerical supervision guru amar das is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00420-00106305-00106538 successor and son-in-law guru ram das
FvYg6U8QcQo-00421-00106539-00106751 founded the city of Amritsar which is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00422-00106752-00106919 home of the Hara Mandir Sahib and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00423-00106920-00107132 regarded widely as the holiest city for
FvYg6U8QcQo-00424-00107133-00107429 all Sikhs Guru Arjan was arrested by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00425-00107430-00107597 Mughal authorities who were suspicious
FvYg6U8QcQo-00426-00107598-00107798 and hostile to the religious order he
FvYg6U8QcQo-00427-00107799-00108071 was developing his persecution and death
FvYg6U8QcQo-00428-00108072-00108263 inspired his successors to promote a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00429-00108264-00108494 military and political organization of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00430-00108495-00108650 Sikh communities to defend themselves
FvYg6U8QcQo-00431-00108651-00108985 against the attacks of Mughal forces the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00432-00108986-00109210 Sikh gurus established a mechanism which
FvYg6U8QcQo-00433-00109211-00109397 allowed the Sikh religion to react as a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00434-00109398-00109697 community to changing circumstances the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00435-00109698-00109901 sixth Guru Guru Hargobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-00436-00109902-00110096 was responsible for the creation of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00437-00110097-00110288 concept of the called top throne of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00438-00110289-00110483 timeless one which serves as the supreme
FvYg6U8QcQo-00439-00110483-00110686 decision-making center of Sikhism and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00440-00110688-00110878 sits up as at the Harmandir say
FvYg6U8QcQo-00441-00110879-00111124 the occult acht is located in the city
FvYg6U8QcQo-00442-00111125-00111352 of Amritsar the leader is appointed by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00443-00111353-00111547 the Shiromani Gurdwara Pavan doc
FvYg6U8QcQo-00444-00111548-00111895 committee SPG see the sarbat Khalsa a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00445-00111896-00112075 representative portion of the Khalsa
FvYg6U8QcQo-00446-00112076-00112126 Panth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00447-00112127-00112294 historically gathers at the occult
FvYg6U8QcQo-00448-00112295-00112480 talked on special festivals such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00449-00112481-00112717 Vaisakhi or hola Mohalla and when there
FvYg6U8QcQo-00450-00112718-00112900 is a need to discuss matters that affect
FvYg6U8QcQo-00451-00112901-00113146 the entire sikh nation agar mata
FvYg6U8QcQo-00452-00113147-00113374 literally guru's intention is an order
FvYg6U8QcQo-00453-00113375-00113551 passed by the sarbat Khalsa in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00454-00113552-00113827 presence of the Guru Granth Sahib Agra
FvYg6U8QcQo-00455-00113828-00114040 madamme only be passed on a subject that
FvYg6U8QcQo-00456-00114041-00114229 affects the fundamental principles of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00457-00114230-00114411 Sikh religion it is binding upon all
FvYg6U8QcQo-00458-00114413-00114708 Sikhs the term hukum nama literally
FvYg6U8QcQo-00459-00114709-00114919 edict or royal order is often used
FvYg6U8QcQo-00460-00114920-00115113 interchangeably with the term gramado
FvYg6U8QcQo-00461-00115114-00115399 however a hukum nama formally refers to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00462-00115400-00115603 a hymn from the Guru Granth Sahib which
FvYg6U8QcQo-00463-00115604-00115911 is a given order to Sikhs the word guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00464-00115913-00116194 in Sikhism also refers to a call per God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00465-00116195-00116446 and God and guru are often synonymous in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00466-00116447-00116957 gurbani sikh writings
FvYg6U8QcQo-00467-00116958-00117391 pick scripture
FvYg6U8QcQo-00468-00117392-00117613 there is one primary scripture for the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00469-00117614-00117805 Sikhs the Guru Granth Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00470-00117806-00118054 it is sometimes synonymously referred to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00471-00118055-00118294 as the ADI Granth chronologically
FvYg6U8QcQo-00472-00118295-00118519 however the adi granth literally the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00473-00118520-00118720 first volume refers to the version of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00474-00118721-00118939 the scripture created by guru Arjan in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00475-00118940-00119310 1604 the Guru Granth Sahib is the final
FvYg6U8QcQo-00476-00119311-00119482 expanded version of the scripture
FvYg6U8QcQo-00477-00119483-00119764 compiled by Guru Gobind Singh while the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00478-00119765-00119968 Guru Granth Sahib is an unquestioned
FvYg6U8QcQo-00479-00119969-00120183 scripture in Sikhism another important
FvYg6U8QcQo-00480-00120184-00120397 religious texts the dasam granth does
FvYg6U8QcQo-00481-00120398-00120613 not enjoy universal consensus and is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00482-00120614-00120817 considered a secondary scripture by many
FvYg6U8QcQo-00483-00120818-00121139 Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00484-00121140-00121638 topic adi granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00485-00121639-00121917 the ADI Granth was compiled primarily by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00486-00121918-00122103 bhai Gurdas under the supervision of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00487-00122104-00122370 guru arjan between the years 1603 and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00488-00122371-00122664 1604 it is written in the Gurmukhi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00489-00122665-00122858 script which is a descendant of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00490-00122859-00123051 landis script used in the punjab at that
FvYg6U8QcQo-00491-00123052-00123276 time the Gurmukhi script was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00492-00123277-00123552 standardized by guru angad ii guru of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00493-00123553-00123726 the sikhs for use in the Sikh scriptures
FvYg6U8QcQo-00494-00123727-00123915 and is thought to have been influenced
FvYg6U8QcQo-00495-00123916-00124113 by the Sarada and daven augury scripts
FvYg6U8QcQo-00496-00124114-00124392 an authoritative Scripture was created
FvYg6U8QcQo-00497-00124393-00124569 to protect the integrity of hymns and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00498-00124570-00124824 teachings of the Sikh gurus and 13 Hindu
FvYg6U8QcQo-00499-00124825-00125013 and to Muslim bigots of the bhakti
FvYg6U8QcQo-00500-00125014-00125207 movements on tradition in medieval India
FvYg6U8QcQo-00501-00125208-00125523 the 13 Hindu bigots whose teachings were
FvYg6U8QcQo-00502-00125524-00125682 entered into the texts included
FvYg6U8QcQo-00503-00125683-00126030 ramananda Namdev pipa Ravidas bene bacon
FvYg6U8QcQo-00504-00126031-00126086 donna
FvYg6U8QcQo-00505-00126088-00126383 Jaidev parm anand sadhana seine sir
FvYg6U8QcQo-00506-00126384-00126608 Trilochan while the two muslim bigots
FvYg6U8QcQo-00507-00126609-00127136 were Kabir and Sufi saint Fareed
FvYg6U8QcQo-00508-00127138-00127614 topic guru granth sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00509-00127615-00127839 the guru granth sahib is the holy
FvYg6U8QcQo-00510-00127840-00127961 scripture of the sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00511-00127963-00128370 and regarded as the living guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00512-00128371-00128840 topic compilation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00513-00128841-00129098 the Guru Granth started as a volume of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00514-00129099-00129407 Guru Nanak sporadic compositions prior
FvYg6U8QcQo-00515-00129408-00129623 to his death he passed on his volume to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00516-00129624-00130108 guru Angad guru 1539 to 1551 the final
FvYg6U8QcQo-00517-00130109-00130298 version of the Guru Granth Sahib was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00518-00130299-00130691 compiled by Guru Gobind Singh in 1678 it
FvYg6U8QcQo-00519-00130692-00130907 consists of the original adi granth with
FvYg6U8QcQo-00520-00130908-00131113 the addition of guru Tegh Bahadur Sims
FvYg6U8QcQo-00521-00131114-00131384 the predominant bulk of Guru Granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00522-00131385-00131615 Sahib has compositions by seven Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00523-00131616-00131909 gurus guru nanak guru Angad guru amar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00524-00131910-00132218 das guru ram das guru Arjan guru tegh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00525-00132219-00132500 bahadur and guru gobind singh it also
FvYg6U8QcQo-00526-00132501-00132713 contains the traditions and teachings of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00527-00132714-00132962 13 hindu bhakti movements ants saints
FvYg6U8QcQo-00528-00132963-00133187 such as ramananda Namdev among others
FvYg6U8QcQo-00529-00133188-00133436 and two Muslim Saints namely Kabir and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00530-00133437-00133616 the Sufi Sheikh Fareed the text
FvYg6U8QcQo-00531-00133617-00133799 comprises 6,000 sub odds
FvYg6U8QcQo-00532-00133800-00133997 line compositions which are poetically
FvYg6U8QcQo-00533-00133998-00134183 rendered and set to rhythmic ancient
FvYg6U8QcQo-00534-00134184-00134462 North Indian classical music the bulk of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00535-00134463-00134672 the scripture is classified into 31
FvYg6U8QcQo-00536-00134673-00134924 Rajas with each Granth raga subdivided
FvYg6U8QcQo-00537-00134925-00135176 according to length and author the hymns
FvYg6U8QcQo-00538-00135177-00135368 in the scripture are arranged primarily
FvYg6U8QcQo-00539-00135369-00135789 by the raagas in which they are read
FvYg6U8QcQo-00540-00135790-00136299 topic language and script
FvYg6U8QcQo-00541-00136300-00136530 the main language used in the scripture
FvYg6U8QcQo-00542-00136531-00136767 as known as Sun basa a language related
FvYg6U8QcQo-00543-00136768-00136953 to both Punjabi and Hindi and used
FvYg6U8QcQo-00544-00136954-00137151 extensively across medieval northern
FvYg6U8QcQo-00545-00137152-00137331 India by proponents of popular
FvYg6U8QcQo-00546-00137332-00137631 devotional religion bhakti the text is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00547-00137632-00137835 printed in guru Mukhi script believed to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00548-00137836-00138045 have been developed by guru angad but it
FvYg6U8QcQo-00549-00138046-00138237 shares the indo-european roots found in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00550-00138238-00138679 numerous regional languages of India
FvYg6U8QcQo-00551-00138680-00139143 topic teachings
FvYg6U8QcQo-00552-00139144-00139340 the vision in the guru granth sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00553-00139341-00139593 states torkoal Breck is a society based
FvYg6U8QcQo-00554-00139594-00139794 on divine justice without oppression of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00555-00139795-00140061 any kind the grant begins with the mall
FvYg6U8QcQo-00556-00140062-00140286 mantra an iconic verse which received
FvYg6U8QcQo-00557-00140287-00140511 guru nanak directly from a call purakh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00558-00140512-00140859 god the traditional moment are goes from
FvYg6U8QcQo-00559-00140860-00141151 echo on car until nanak hosi bhi sach
FvYg6U8QcQo-00560-00141152-00141609 Punjabi Cetina mukarat a pure aku near a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00561-00141610-00141870 bounder of iraq allah morontia junice a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00562-00141871-00142301 beggar oppress Adi ISO 15999 literation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00563-00142302-00142637 iike a Ankara sati namu Kurata poor aku
FvYg6U8QcQo-00564-00142638-00142872 niryabi owner of iraq allah morontia
FvYg6U8QcQo-00565-00142873-00143215 Junie Savin Gura Prasad a simplified
FvYg6U8QcQo-00566-00143216-00143462 transliteration echo on car satnaam
FvYg6U8QcQo-00567-00143463-00143736 Carta perc nirbhau nirvair akaal Murat a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00568-00143737-00144144 junice a beggar Prasad translation 1 God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00569-00144145-00144389 exists truth by name creative power
FvYg6U8QcQo-00570-00144390-00144618 without fear without enmity timeless
FvYg6U8QcQo-00571-00144619-00144894 form unborn self existent by the guru's
FvYg6U8QcQo-00572-00144895-00145262 grace
FvYg6U8QcQo-00573-00145263-00145660 topic as guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00574-00145661-00145953 the 10th guru guru gobind singh named
FvYg6U8QcQo-00575-00145954-00146170 the sikh scripture guru granth sahib as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00576-00146171-00146365 a successor terminating the line of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00577-00146366-00146578 human gurus and making the scripture the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00578-00146579-00146746 literal embodiment of the eternal
FvYg6U8QcQo-00579-00146747-00146986 impersonal guru where god's guru's word
FvYg6U8QcQo-00580-00146987-00147254 serves as the spiritual guide for sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00581-00147255-00147666 punjabi sabbath c Conoco hookah mahai
FvYg6U8QcQo-00582-00147667-00147922 guru Minaya grata transliteration sab
FvYg6U8QcQo-00583-00147923-00148229 sikh & KO hukum hai guru manual grant
FvYg6U8QcQo-00584-00148230-00148471 english all sikhs are commanded to take
FvYg6U8QcQo-00585-00148472-00148699 the grant as guru the guru granth sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00586-00148700-00148933 is installed in Sikh Gurdwara temple
FvYg6U8QcQo-00587-00148934-00149176 many Sikhs bow or prostrate before it on
FvYg6U8QcQo-00588-00149177-00149413 entering the temple the guru granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00589-00149414-00149616 sahib is installed every morning and put
FvYg6U8QcQo-00590-00149617-00149887 to bed at night in many gurdwaras the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00591-00149888-00150106 Granth is revered as eternal Gurbani and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00592-00150107-00150298 the spiritual authority the copies of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00593-00150299-00150478 the Guru Granth Sahib are not regarded
FvYg6U8QcQo-00594-00150479-00150706 as material objects but as living
FvYg6U8QcQo-00595-00150707-00150964 subjects which are alive according to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00596-00150965-00151162 Merve old the Sikh scripture is treated
FvYg6U8QcQo-00597-00151163-00151360 with respect like a living person in a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00598-00151361-00151549 manner similar to the gospel in early
FvYg6U8QcQo-00599-00151550-00151828 Christian worship old copies of the Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00600-00151829-00151996 scripture are not thrown away rather
FvYg6U8QcQo-00601-00151997-00152241 funerary services are performed in India
FvYg6U8QcQo-00602-00152242-00152461 the Guru Granth Sahib is even officially
FvYg6U8QcQo-00603-00152462-00152662 recognized by the Supreme Court of India
FvYg6U8QcQo-00604-00152663-00152863 as a judicial person which can receive
FvYg6U8QcQo-00605-00152864-00153157 donations and own land yet some Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00606-00153158-00153301 also warned that without true
FvYg6U8QcQo-00607-00153302-00153520 comprehension of the text veneration for
FvYg6U8QcQo-00608-00153521-00153733 the text can lead to biblia tree with
FvYg6U8QcQo-00609-00153734-00153889 the concrete form of the teachings
FvYg6U8QcQo-00610-00153890-00154072 becoming the object of worship instead
FvYg6U8QcQo-00611-00154073-00154454 of the teachings themselves
FvYg6U8QcQo-00612-00154455-00155061 topic relation to Hinduism in Islam
FvYg6U8QcQo-00613-00155062-00155262 the Sikh scriptures use Hindu
FvYg6U8QcQo-00614-00155263-00155484 terminology with references to the Vedas
FvYg6U8QcQo-00615-00155485-00155673 and the names of gods and goddesses in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00616-00155674-00155901 Hindu bhakti movement traditions such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00617-00155902-00156141 Vishnu Shiva Brahma Parvati
FvYg6U8QcQo-00618-00156142-00156465 Lakshmi Saraswathi Rama Krishna but not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00619-00156466-00156723 to worship it also refers to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00620-00156724-00156969 spiritual concepts in Hinduism ishvara
FvYg6U8QcQo-00621-00156970-00157233 Bhagavad Brahman and the concept of God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00622-00157234-00157452 in Islam Allah to assert that these are
FvYg6U8QcQo-00623-00157453-00157689 just alternate names for the almighty
FvYg6U8QcQo-00624-00157690-00157923 one while the Guru Granth Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00625-00157924-00158175 acknowledges the vedas puranas in Quran
FvYg6U8QcQo-00626-00158176-00158373 it does not imply a syncretic bridge
FvYg6U8QcQo-00627-00158374-00158574 between hinduism and islam but
FvYg6U8QcQo-00628-00158575-00158808 emphasizes focusing on nitnem baños like
FvYg6U8QcQo-00629-00158809-00159009 geppu repeating mantra of the Divine
FvYg6U8QcQo-00630-00159010-00159258 Name of God Vaheguru instead of Muslim
FvYg6U8QcQo-00631-00159259-00159450 practices such as circumcision or
FvYg6U8QcQo-00632-00159451-00159654 praying on a carpet or Hindu rituals
FvYg6U8QcQo-00633-00159655-00159834 such as wearing thread or praying in a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00634-00159835-00160206 river
FvYg6U8QcQo-00635-00160207-00160651 topic dasam granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00636-00160652-00160903 the dasam granth is a scripture of sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00637-00160904-00161107 which contains texts attributed to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00638-00161108-00161386 Guru Gobind Singh the dasam granth is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00639-00161387-00161554 important to a great number of sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00640-00161555-00161716 however it does not have the same
FvYg6U8QcQo-00641-00161717-00162001 authority as the Guru Granth Sahib some
FvYg6U8QcQo-00642-00162002-00162196 compositions of the dasam granth like
FvYg6U8QcQo-00643-00162197-00162421 yup Sahib Emirates Ave and bent each
FvYg6U8QcQo-00644-00162422-00162610 oppai are part of the daily prayers
FvYg6U8QcQo-00645-00162611-00162919 nickname for seeks the dasam granth is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00646-00162920-00163138 largely versions of Hindu mythology from
FvYg6U8QcQo-00647-00163139-00163345 the Puranas secular stories from a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00648-00163346-00163552 variety of sources called Charitra
FvYg6U8QcQo-00649-00163553-00163759 pokken tales to protect careless men
FvYg6U8QcQo-00650-00163760-00163969 from perils of lust five versions of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00651-00163970-00164161 dasam granth exist and the authenticity
FvYg6U8QcQo-00652-00164162-00164383 of the dasam granth is amongst the most
FvYg6U8QcQo-00653-00164384-00164680 debated topics within Sikhism the texts
FvYg6U8QcQo-00654-00164681-00164848 played a significant role in Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00655-00164849-00165058 history but in modern times parts of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00656-00165059-00165256 text have seen antipathy and discussion
FvYg6U8QcQo-00657-00165257-00165679 among Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00658-00165680-00166120 pick janym sakis
FvYg6U8QcQo-00659-00166121-00166396 the janam sakis literally birth stories
FvYg6U8QcQo-00660-00166397-00166551 are writings which profess to be
FvYg6U8QcQo-00661-00166552-00166801 biographies of Nanak although not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00662-00166802-00166987 scripture in the strictest sense they
FvYg6U8QcQo-00663-00166988-00167190 provide a hagiographic look at non ex
FvYg6U8QcQo-00664-00167191-00167454 life in the early start of Sikhism there
FvYg6U8QcQo-00665-00167455-00167656 are several often contradictory and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00666-00167657-00167778 sometimes unreliable
FvYg6U8QcQo-00667-00167779-00167974 janym sakis and they are not held in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00668-00167975-00168133 same regard as other sources of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00669-00168134-00168587 scriptural knowledge
FvYg6U8QcQo-00670-00168588-00169074 topic observances
FvYg6U8QcQo-00671-00169075-00169290 observant Sikhs adhere to long-standing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00672-00169291-00169522 practices and traditions to strengthen
FvYg6U8QcQo-00673-00169523-00169750 and express their faith the daily
FvYg6U8QcQo-00674-00169751-00169933 recitation of the Divine Name of God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00675-00169934-00170176 Vaheguru and from memory of specific
FvYg6U8QcQo-00676-00170177-00170395 passages from the Guru Granth Sahib like
FvYg6U8QcQo-00677-00170396-00170647 the geppu or japji literally chant hymns
FvYg6U8QcQo-00678-00170648-00170833 is recommended immediately after rising
FvYg6U8QcQo-00679-00170834-00171139 and bathing baptized Sikhs recite the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00680-00171140-00171331 five morning prayers the evening and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00681-00171332-00171613 night prayer family customs include both
FvYg6U8QcQo-00682-00171614-00171820 reading passages from the scripture and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00683-00171821-00172021 attending the Gurdwara also Gurdwara
FvYg6U8QcQo-00684-00172022-00172221 meaning the doorway to god sometimes
FvYg6U8QcQo-00685-00172222-00172420 transliterated as Gurudwara
FvYg6U8QcQo-00686-00172421-00172657 there are many gurdwaras prominently
FvYg6U8QcQo-00687-00172658-00172870 constructed and maintained across India
FvYg6U8QcQo-00688-00172871-00173086 as well as in almost every nation where
FvYg6U8QcQo-00689-00173087-00173379 Sikhs reside gurdwaras are open to all
FvYg6U8QcQo-00690-00173380-00173632 regardless of religion background caste
FvYg6U8QcQo-00691-00173633-00174003 or race worship in a Gurdwara consists
FvYg6U8QcQo-00692-00174004-00174196 chiefly of singing of passages from the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00693-00174197-00174465 scripture Sikhs will commonly enter the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00694-00174466-00174652 Gurdwara touch the ground before the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00695-00174653-00174901 holy scripture with their foreheads the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00696-00174902-00175135 recitation of the 18th century artists
FvYg6U8QcQo-00697-00175136-00175353 is also customary for attending Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00698-00175354-00175653 the artist recalls past sufferings and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00699-00175654-00175866 glories of the community invoking divine
FvYg6U8QcQo-00700-00175867-00176089 grace for all humanity the Gurdwara is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00701-00176090-00176299 also the location for the historic sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00702-00176300-00176608 practice of langar or the community meal
FvYg6U8QcQo-00703-00176609-00176853 all gurdwaras are open to anyone of any
FvYg6U8QcQo-00704-00176854-00177097 faith for a free meal always vegetarian
FvYg6U8QcQo-00705-00177098-00177354 people eat together and the kitchen is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00706-00177355-00177523 maintained and serviced by Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00707-00177524-00177918 community volunteers
FvYg6U8QcQo-00708-00177919-00178489 topic seek festivals events
FvYg6U8QcQo-00709-00178490-00178757 guru amar das chose festivals for
FvYg6U8QcQo-00710-00178758-00178966 celebration by Sikhs like vaisakhi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00711-00178967-00179176 wherein he asked Sikhs to assemble and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00712-00179177-00179357 share the festivities as a community
FvYg6U8QcQo-00713-00179358-00179563 Vaisakhi is one of the most important
FvYg6U8QcQo-00714-00179564-00179710 festivals of Sikhs while other
FvYg6U8QcQo-00715-00179711-00179899 significant festivals commemorate the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00716-00179900-00180071 birth lives of the Guru's and Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00717-00180072-00180358 martyrs historically these festivals
FvYg6U8QcQo-00718-00180359-00180490 have been based on the moon calendar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00719-00180491-00180968 vikram e calendar in 2003 the SGPC the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00720-00180969-00181189 sikh organization in charge of upkeep of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00721-00181190-00181382 the historical gurdwaras of punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-00722-00181383-00181670 adopted nanak shahi calendar the new
FvYg6U8QcQo-00723-00181671-00181873 calendar is highly controversial among
FvYg6U8QcQo-00724-00181874-00182085 Sikhs and is not universally accepted
FvYg6U8QcQo-00725-00182086-00182415 sikh festivals include the following
FvYg6U8QcQo-00726-00182416-00182647 vaisakhi which includes parades and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00727-00182648-00182882 nagar kirtan occurs on the 13th of april
FvYg6U8QcQo-00728-00182883-00183194 or the 14th of april sikhs celebrated
FvYg6U8QcQo-00729-00183195-00183358 because on this day which fell on the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00730-00183359-00183695 30th of march 1699 the 10th guru gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-00731-00183696-00183901 singh inaugurated the Khalsa the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00732-00183902-00184123 eleventh body of Guru Granth Sahib and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00733-00184124-00184414 leader of Sikhs till eternity nagar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00734-00184415-00184624 kirtan involves the processional singing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00735-00184625-00184795 of holy hymns throughout a community
FvYg6U8QcQo-00736-00184796-00185057 while practiced at any time it is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00737-00185058-00185251 customary in the month of a sake or
FvYg6U8QcQo-00738-00185252-00185575 Vaisakhi traditionally the procession is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00739-00185576-00185819 led by the saffron robed Panj pyaari the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00740-00185820-00185983 five beloved of the Guru who are
FvYg6U8QcQo-00741-00185984-00186184 followed by the Guru Granth Sahib the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00742-00186185-00186388 holy Sikh scripture which is placed on a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00743-00186389-00186703 float band chor de Vos has been another
FvYg6U8QcQo-00744-00186704-00186910 important Sikh festival in its history
FvYg6U8QcQo-00745-00186911-00187232 in recent years instead of Diwali the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00746-00187233-00187588 post 200 3 calendar released by SGPC has
FvYg6U8QcQo-00747-00187589-00187844 named it the Bondi cor divas Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00748-00187845-00188065 celebrate guru har Gabon's released from
FvYg6U8QcQo-00749-00188066-00188248 the Gwalior fort with several innocent
FvYg6U8QcQo-00750-00188249-00188464 raja kings who were also imprisoned by
FvYg6U8QcQo-00751-00188465-00188833 Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1619 this day
FvYg6U8QcQo-00752-00188834-00189028 continues to be commemorated on the same
FvYg6U8QcQo-00753-00189029-00189233 day of Hindu festival of Diwali with
FvYg6U8QcQo-00754-00189234-00189569 lights fireworks and festivities hola
FvYg6U8QcQo-00755-00189570-00189802 Mohalla as a tradition started by Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00756-00189803-00190003 Gobind Singh it starts the day after
FvYg6U8QcQo-00757-00190004-00190258 Sikhs celebrate Holi sometimes referred
FvYg6U8QcQo-00758-00190259-00190571 to as Ola Guru Gobind Singh modified
FvYg6U8QcQo-00759-00190572-00190762 Holi with a three day hola Mohalla
FvYg6U8QcQo-00760-00190763-00191071 extension festival of martial arts the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00761-00191072-00191282 extension started the day after the Holi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00762-00191283-00191519 festival in Anandpur Sahib where Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00763-00191520-00191696 soldiers would train in mock battles
FvYg6U8QcQo-00764-00191697-00191837 compete in horsemanship
FvYg6U8QcQo-00765-00191838-00192145 athletics archery and military exercises
FvYg6U8QcQo-00766-00192146-00192389 Gert burbs are celebrations or
FvYg6U8QcQo-00767-00192390-00192581 commemorations based on the lives of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00768-00192582-00192794 Sikh gurus they tend to be either
FvYg6U8QcQo-00769-00192795-00193007 birthdays or celebrations of seek
FvYg6U8QcQo-00770-00193008-00193259 martyrdom all 10 gurus have girp herbs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00771-00193260-00193448 on the nanak shahi calendar but it is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00772-00193449-00193664 guru nanak and guru gobind singh who
FvYg6U8QcQo-00773-00193665-00193799 have a gur perb that is widely
FvYg6U8QcQo-00774-00193800-00194008 celebrated in gurdwaras and sikh homes
FvYg6U8QcQo-00775-00194009-00194255 the martyrdoms are also known as a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00776-00194256-00194420 Shaheed eager burbs which marked the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00777-00194421-00194651 martyrdom anniversary of Guru Arjan and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00778-00194652-00195029 Guru Tegh Bahadur
FvYg6U8QcQo-00779-00195030-00195597 topic ceremonies and customs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00780-00195598-00195861 khalsa Sikhs have also supported and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00781-00195862-00195993 helped develop major pilgrimage
FvYg6U8QcQo-00782-00195994-00196202 traditions to sacred sites such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00783-00196203-00196485 Harmandir Sahib Anandpur Sahib that agar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00784-00196486-00196734 Sahib Patna Sahib has earn and it Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-00785-00196735-00197046 hem Koon Sahib and others seek pilgrims
FvYg6U8QcQo-00786-00197047-00197240 and Sikhs of other sects customarily
FvYg6U8QcQo-00787-00197241-00197436 consider these as holy and a part of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00788-00197437-00197706 their Tirith the hola Mohalla around the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00789-00197707-00197903 festival of Holi for example is a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00790-00197904-00198150 ceremonial and customary gathering every
FvYg6U8QcQo-00791-00198151-00198365 year in Anandpur Sahib attracting over
FvYg6U8QcQo-00792-00198366-00198716 100,000 Sikhs major Sikh temples feature
FvYg6U8QcQo-00793-00198717-00198900 a serovar where some Sikhs take a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00794-00198901-00199187 customary dip some take home the sacred
FvYg6U8QcQo-00795-00199188-00199395 water of the tank particularly for Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00796-00199396-00199584 friends and relatives believing that the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00797-00199585-00199763 waters of such sacred sites have
FvYg6U8QcQo-00798-00199764-00199950 restorative powers and the ability to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00799-00199951-00200193 purify one's karma upon a child's birth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00800-00200194-00200390 the Guru Granth Sahib is opened at a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00801-00200391-00200568 random point and the child is named
FvYg6U8QcQo-00802-00200569-00200721 using the first letter on the top
FvYg6U8QcQo-00803-00200722-00200975 left-hand corner of the left page all
FvYg6U8QcQo-00804-00200976-00201203 boys are given the last name Sain and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00805-00201204-00201399 all girls are given the last name Kaur
FvYg6U8QcQo-00806-00201400-00201554 this was once a title which was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00807-00201555-00201768 conferred on an individual upon joining
FvYg6U8QcQo-00808-00201769-00201950 the Khalsa the Sikh marriage ritual
FvYg6U8QcQo-00809-00201951-00202245 includes the Anand Karaj ceremony the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00810-00202246-00202449 marriage ceremony is performed in front
FvYg6U8QcQo-00811-00202450-00202664 of the Guru Granth Sahib by a baptised
FvYg6U8QcQo-00812-00202665-00202940 Khalsa grantee of the Gurdwara the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00813-00202941-00203129 tradition of circling the Guru Granth
FvYg6U8QcQo-00814-00203130-00203363 Sahib and an entourage among Khalsa is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00815-00203364-00203607 practiced since the fourth guru guru ram
FvYg6U8QcQo-00816-00203608-00203886 das it's official recognition and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00817-00203887-00204065 adoption came in 1909
FvYg6U8QcQo-00818-00204066-00204266 during the Singh sohbah movement upon
FvYg6U8QcQo-00819-00204267-00204462 death the body of a Sikh is usually
FvYg6U8QcQo-00820-00204463-00204737 cremated if this is not possible any
FvYg6U8QcQo-00821-00204738-00204927 respectful means of disposing the body
FvYg6U8QcQo-00822-00204928-00205223 may be employed the kirtan Suhaila and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00823-00205225-00205415 artists prayers are performed during the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00824-00205416-00205984 funeral ceremony known as anthem Sanskar
FvYg6U8QcQo-00825-00205985-00206479 topic baptism and the Khalsa
FvYg6U8QcQo-00826-00206480-00206788 khalsa meaning sovereign is the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00827-00206789-00206973 collective name given by guru gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-00828-00206975-00207133 singh to those sikhs who have been
FvYg6U8QcQo-00829-00207134-00207358 initiated by taking part in a ceremony
FvYg6U8QcQo-00830-00207359-00207579 called Amrit sonker nectar ceremony
FvYg6U8QcQo-00831-00207580-00207873 during this ceremony sweetened water is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00832-00207875-00208051 stirred with a double-edged sword while
FvYg6U8QcQo-00833-00208052-00208239 liturgical prayers are sung it is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00834-00208240-00208416 offered to the initiating Sikh who
FvYg6U8QcQo-00835-00208417-00208681 ritually drinks it many adherents of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00836-00208682-00208914 Sikhism do not undergo this ceremony but
FvYg6U8QcQo-00837-00208915-00209091 still adhere to some components of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00838-00209092-00209344 faith and identify as Sikhs the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00839-00209344-00209565 initiated Sikh considered reborn is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00840-00209566-00209761 referred to as khalsa sikh while those
FvYg6U8QcQo-00841-00209762-00209950 who do not get baptized are referred to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00842-00209951-00210229 as qez hari or sahaja he seeks the first
FvYg6U8QcQo-00843-00210230-00210427 time that this ceremony took place was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00844-00210428-00210637 on Vaisakhi which fell on the 30th of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00845-00210638-00210948 march 1699 at Anandpur Sahib in Punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-00846-00210950-00211204 it was on that occasion that Gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-00847-00211205-00211423 Singh baptized the pond pyaari the five
FvYg6U8QcQo-00848-00211423-00211675 beloved ones who in turn baptized Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00849-00211676-00211936 Gobind Singh himself two males who
FvYg6U8QcQo-00850-00211937-00212169 initiated the last name same meaning
FvYg6U8QcQo-00851-00212171-00212476 lion was given while the last name core
FvYg6U8QcQo-00852-00212477-00212794 meaning princess was given to baptized
FvYg6U8QcQo-00853-00212794-00212892 Sikh females
FvYg6U8QcQo-00854-00212894-00213130 baptized Sikhs wear five items called
FvYg6U8QcQo-00855-00213131-00213376 the five K's in Punjabi known as Ponca
FvYg6U8QcQo-00856-00213377-00213475 Corp on Kocher
FvYg6U8QcQo-00857-00213476-00213771 at all times the five items are kes
FvYg6U8QcQo-00858-00213773-00214090 uncut hair kanga small wooden comb kara
FvYg6U8QcQo-00859-00214091-00214344 circular steel or iron bracelet kirpan
FvYg6U8QcQo-00860-00214346-00214569 sword dagger and kakera special
FvYg6U8QcQo-00861-00214571-00214821 undergarment the five K's have both
FvYg6U8QcQo-00862-00214823-00215317 practical and symbolic purposes
FvYg6U8QcQo-00863-00215319-00215823 topic history
FvYg6U8QcQo-00864-00215823-00216255 guru nanak 1469 to 1539 the founder of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00865-00216256-00216456 Sikhism was born in the village of Rai
FvYg6U8QcQo-00866-00216457-00216681 boy detail one day now called Nankin a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00867-00216682-00216882 Sahib in present-day Pakistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-00868-00216883-00217206 his parents were Khatri Hindus according
FvYg6U8QcQo-00869-00217207-00217431 to the hagiography purdon janam Saki
FvYg6U8QcQo-00870-00217432-00217623 composed more than two centuries after
FvYg6U8QcQo-00871-00217623-00217830 his death and probably based on oral
FvYg6U8QcQo-00872-00217831-00218082 tradition nanak as a boy was fascinated
FvYg6U8QcQo-00873-00218083-00218280 by religion and spiritual matters
FvYg6U8QcQo-00874-00218281-00218471 spending time with wandering ascetics
FvYg6U8QcQo-00875-00218473-00218727 and holy men his friend was marred enna
FvYg6U8QcQo-00876-00218728-00218940 a Muslim together they would sing
FvYg6U8QcQo-00877-00218941-00219141 devotional songs all night in front of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00878-00219142-00219309 the public and bathe in the river in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00879-00219310-00219633 morning one day at the usual bath nanak
FvYg6U8QcQo-00880-00219634-00219804 went missing and his family feared he
FvYg6U8QcQo-00881-00219805-00220073 had drowned three days later he returned
FvYg6U8QcQo-00882-00220075-00220308 home and declared there is no Hindu
FvYg6U8QcQo-00883-00220309-00220673 there is no Muslim na koi Hindu na koi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00884-00220675-00220983 Musel maan thereafter nanak started
FvYg6U8QcQo-00885-00220984-00221175 preaching his ideas that form the tenets
FvYg6U8QcQo-00886-00221176-00221601 of Sikhism in 1526 guru nanak at age 50
FvYg6U8QcQo-00887-00221602-00221835 started a small communing cart our poor
FvYg6U8QcQo-00888-00221836-00221996 and his disciples came to be known as
FvYg6U8QcQo-00889-00221998-00222273 sikhs although the exact account of his
FvYg6U8QcQo-00890-00222273-00222504 itinerary is disputed hagiographic
FvYg6U8QcQo-00891-00222505-00222675 accounts state he made five major
FvYg6U8QcQo-00892-00222676-00222923 journeys spanning thousands of miles the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00893-00222925-00223146 first tour being east towards Bengal in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00894-00223146-00223359 Assam the second south towards Andhra
FvYg6U8QcQo-00895-00223360-00223559 and Tamil Nadu the third north to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00896-00223560-00223806 Kashmir Ladakh and mount Sumeru in tibet
FvYg6U8QcQo-00897-00223807-00224064 and the fourth to baghdad in his last
FvYg6U8QcQo-00898-00224065-00224289 and final tour he returned to the banks
FvYg6U8QcQo-00899-00224290-00224478 of the Ravi River to end his days there
FvYg6U8QcQo-00900-00224479-00224658 are two competing theories on Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00901-00224659-00224942 Nanak's teachings one according to Kohl
FvYg6U8QcQo-00902-00224944-00225171 and Sambi is based on hagiographical
FvYg6U8QcQo-00903-00225171-00225369 janam sakis and states that Nanak
FvYg6U8QcQo-00904-00225369-00225507 stitching's and Sikhism were a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00905-00225508-00225723 revelation from God and not a social
FvYg6U8QcQo-00906-00225723-00225909 protest movement nor any attempt to
FvYg6U8QcQo-00907-00225910-00226164 reconcile Hinduism and Islam in the 15th
FvYg6U8QcQo-00908-00226165-00226440 century the other states Nanak was a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00909-00226441-00226506 guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00910-00226507-00226764 according to Singha Sikhism does not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00911-00226765-00226998 subscribe to the theory of incarnation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00912-00226998-00227307 or the concept of prophethood but it has
FvYg6U8QcQo-00913-00227308-00227609 a pivotal concept of Guru he is not an
FvYg6U8QcQo-00914-00227610-00227967 incarnation of God not even a prophet he
FvYg6U8QcQo-00915-00227967-00228071 is an illumined
FvYg6U8QcQo-00916-00228073-00228387 the hagiographical janam sakis were not
FvYg6U8QcQo-00917-00228388-00228596 written by Nanak but by later followers
FvYg6U8QcQo-00918-00228598-00228777 without regard for historical accuracy
FvYg6U8QcQo-00919-00228778-00228996 and contain numerous legends and myths
FvYg6U8QcQo-00920-00228996-00229207 created to show respect for Nanak
FvYg6U8QcQo-00921-00229208-00229473 the term revelation clarified coal and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00922-00229475-00229698 zombie in Sikhism is not limited to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00923-00229700-00229900 teachings of Nanak they include all sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00924-00229901-00230104 gurus as well as the words of past
FvYg6U8QcQo-00925-00230105-00230311 present and future men and women who
FvYg6U8QcQo-00926-00230312-00230479 possess divine knowledge intuitively
FvYg6U8QcQo-00927-00230480-00230575 through meditation
FvYg6U8QcQo-00928-00230576-00230905 the secret include the words of non Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00929-00230906-00231109 the gods some who lived and died before
FvYg6U8QcQo-00930-00231110-00231277 the birth of Nanak and whose teachings
FvYg6U8QcQo-00931-00231278-00231526 are part of the Sikh scriptures the adi
FvYg6U8QcQo-00932-00231527-00231727 granth and successive sikh gurus
FvYg6U8QcQo-00933-00231728-00231973 repeatedly emphasized statesmen dare
FvYg6U8QcQo-00934-00231973-00232210 that Sikhism s not about hearing voices
FvYg6U8QcQo-00935-00232211-00232467 from God but it is about changing the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00936-00232469-00232696 nature of the human mind and anyone can
FvYg6U8QcQo-00937-00232696-00232948 achieve direct experience and spiritual
FvYg6U8QcQo-00938-00232948-00233281 perfection at any time scholars state
FvYg6U8QcQo-00939-00233282-00233455 that in its origins Sikhism was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00940-00233456-00233671 influenced by the nur Guney formless God
FvYg6U8QcQo-00941-00233671-00233884 tradition of bhakti movement in medieval
FvYg6U8QcQo-00942-00233885-00234142 India Nanak was raised in a Hindu family
FvYg6U8QcQo-00943-00234142-00234385 and belonged to the bhakti Sun tradition
FvYg6U8QcQo-00944-00234386-00234610 the roots of the Sikh tradition are
FvYg6U8QcQo-00945-00234611-00234835 States Lewis fennec perhaps in the Sun
FvYg6U8QcQo-00946-00234836-00235044 tradition of India whose ideology grew
FvYg6U8QcQo-00947-00235046-00235215 to become the bhakti tradition
FvYg6U8QcQo-00948-00235216-00235537 furthermore ads fennek Indic mythology
FvYg6U8QcQo-00949-00235538-00235810 permeates the Sikh sacred Canon the Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00950-00235811-00236077 Granth Sahib and the secondary Canon the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00951-00236078-00236319 dasam granth and adds delicate nuance
FvYg6U8QcQo-00952-00236321-00236554 and substance to the sacred symbolic
FvYg6U8QcQo-00953-00236555-00236755 universe of the Sikhs of today and of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00954-00236756-00237107 their past ancestors
FvYg6U8QcQo-00955-00237108-00237264 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-00956-00237265-00237829 topic historical influences
FvYg6U8QcQo-00957-00237830-00238037 the development of Sikhism was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00958-00238038-00238163 influenced by the bhakti movement
FvYg6U8QcQo-00959-00238164-00238402 however Sikhism was not simply an
FvYg6U8QcQo-00960-00238403-00238575 extension of the bhakti movement
FvYg6U8QcQo-00961-00238576-00238825 Sikhism developed while the region was
FvYg6U8QcQo-00962-00238826-00239101 being ruled by the Mughal Empire two of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00963-00239102-00239350 the Sikh gurus Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh
FvYg6U8QcQo-00964-00239351-00239410 Bahadur
FvYg6U8QcQo-00965-00239411-00239602 after they refused to convert to Islam
FvYg6U8QcQo-00966-00239603-00239821 were tortured and executed by the Mughal
FvYg6U8QcQo-00967-00239822-00240127 rulers the Islamic era persecution of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00968-00240128-00240280 Sikhs triggered the founding of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00969-00240281-00240454 Khalsa as an order for freedom of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00970-00240455-00240692 conscience and religion a Sikh is
FvYg6U8QcQo-00971-00240692-00240895 expected to embody the qualities of a
FvYg6U8QcQo-00972-00240896-00241521 son sipahi a saint soldier
FvYg6U8QcQo-00973-00241521-00241987 topic growth of Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-00974-00241988-00242341 in 1539 guru nanak chose his disciple
FvYg6U8QcQo-00975-00242342-00242529 Lahaina as a successor to the guruship
FvYg6U8QcQo-00976-00242530-00242805 rather than either of his sons lagina
FvYg6U8QcQo-00977-00242806-00243016 was named guru Angad and became the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00978-00243017-00243309 second guru of the sikhs nanak conferred
FvYg6U8QcQo-00979-00243310-00243517 his choice at the town of Kartar poor on
FvYg6U8QcQo-00980-00243517-00243792 the banks of the river Ravi Shri Chand
FvYg6U8QcQo-00981-00243794-00244053 guru nanak son was also a religious man
FvYg6U8QcQo-00982-00244054-00244256 and continued his own commune of sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-00983-00244257-00244519 his followers came to be known as The
FvYg6U8QcQo-00984-00244519-00244744 Odyssey Sikhs the first parallel sect of
FvYg6U8QcQo-00985-00244744-00245019 Sikhism that formed in Sikh history the
FvYg6U8QcQo-00986-00245021-00245217 unisys believed that the guruship should
FvYg6U8QcQo-00987-00245219-00245346 have gone to Shri Chand
FvYg6U8QcQo-00988-00245348-00245544 since he was a man of pious habits in
FvYg6U8QcQo-00989-00245546-00245778 addition to being Nanak son guru Angad
FvYg6U8QcQo-00990-00245779-00245982 before joining guru Nanak's commune
FvYg6U8QcQo-00991-00245983-00246163 worked as a Poojari priests and
FvYg6U8QcQo-00992-00246164-00246354 religious teacher centered around hindu
FvYg6U8QcQo-00993-00246355-00246681 goddess durga an onyx advise guru angad
FvYg6U8QcQo-00994-00246682-00246885 moved from Kartar port to Qader where
FvYg6U8QcQo-00995-00246886-00247069 his wife keavy and children were living
FvYg6U8QcQo-00996-00247069-00247237 until he was able to bridge the divide
FvYg6U8QcQo-00997-00247238-00247551 between his followers in the isis guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00998-00247552-00247789 angad continued the work started by guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-00999-00247790-00247969 nanak and is widely credited for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01000-00247969-00248154 standardizing the Gurmukhi script as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01001-00248155-00248323 used in the sacred scripture of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01002-00248323-00248542 sikhs guru amar das became the third
FvYg6U8QcQo-01003-00248542-00248967 Sikh guru in 1552 at the age of 73 he
FvYg6U8QcQo-01004-00248969-00249153 adhered to the vation of ism tradition
FvYg6U8QcQo-01005-00249154-00249357 of Hinduism for much of his life before
FvYg6U8QcQo-01006-00249358-00249648 joining the Communist go Angad goin
FvYg6U8QcQo-01007-00249650-00249804 Ville became an important center for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01008-00249805-00250048 Sikhism during the guruship of guru amar
FvYg6U8QcQo-01009-00250048-00250342 das he was a reformer and discouraged
FvYg6U8QcQo-01010-00250342-00250588 veiling of women's faces a Muslim custom
FvYg6U8QcQo-01011-00250589-00250869 as well as such a Hindu custom he
FvYg6U8QcQo-01012-00250871-00251055 encouraged the cash shot Rhea people to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01013-00251056-00251253 fight in order to protect people and for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01014-00251254-00251433 the sake of justice stating this as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01015-00251434-00251709 Dharma guru amar das started the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01016-00251710-00251910 tradition of appointing mangy zones of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01017-00251911-00252075 religious administration with an
FvYg6U8QcQo-01018-00252076-00252246 appointed chief called sang geishas
FvYg6U8QcQo-01019-00252248-00252510 introduced the das on the tenth of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01020-00252511-00252759 income system of revenue collection in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01021-00252760-00252916 the name of guru and his pooled
FvYg6U8QcQo-01022-00252917-00253110 community religious resource and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01023-00253111-00253332 famed langar tradition of Sikhism where
FvYg6U8QcQo-01024-00253333-00253521 anyone without discrimination of any
FvYg6U8QcQo-01025-00253523-00253731 kind could get a free meal in a communal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01026-00253732-00253974 seating the collection of revenue from
FvYg6U8QcQo-01027-00253975-00254181 Sikhs through regional appointees helped
FvYg6U8QcQo-01028-00254182-00254419 Sikhism grow guru amar das named his
FvYg6U8QcQo-01029-00254419-00254623 disciple and son-in-law Jeddah as the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01030-00254623-00254835 next guru who came to be known as guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01031-00254836-00255166 ram das the new guru faced hostilities
FvYg6U8QcQo-01032-00255167-00255310 from the sons of guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01033-00255311-00255511 das and therefore shifted his official
FvYg6U8QcQo-01034-00255512-00255748 base to lands identified by guru amar
FvYg6U8QcQo-01035-00255748-00256084 das as guru Kok he moved his communist
FvYg6U8QcQo-01036-00256085-00256237 Sikhs there and the place then was
FvYg6U8QcQo-01037-00256238-00256510 called Ram Dass / after him this city
FvYg6U8QcQo-01038-00256511-00256717 grew and later became Amritsar the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01039-00256717-00257019 holiest city of Sikhism guru ram das
FvYg6U8QcQo-01040-00257021-00257251 expanded the mangy organization for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01041-00257252-00257442 clerical appointments in Sikh temples
FvYg6U8QcQo-01042-00257444-00257598 and for revenue collections to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01043-00257600-00257815 theologically and economically support
FvYg6U8QcQo-01044-00257816-00258115 the Sikh movement in 1581 Guru Arjan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01045-00258116-00258369 youngest son of guru ram das became the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01046-00258371-00258634 fifth guru of the Sikhs the choice of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01047-00258635-00258811 successor as throughout most of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01048-00258812-00259042 history of Sikh Guru successions led to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01049-00259042-00259228 disputes and internal divisions among
FvYg6U8QcQo-01050-00259229-00259528 the Sikhs the elder son of guru ram das
FvYg6U8QcQo-01051-00259529-00259746 named pretty Chand as remembered in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01052-00259748-00259939 Sikh tradition as vehemently opposing
FvYg6U8QcQo-01053-00259940-00260158 Guru Arjan creating a faction Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01054-00260159-00260359 community which the Sikhs following Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01055-00260360-00260562 Arjan called his meanest literally
FvYg6U8QcQo-01056-00260563-00260677 scoundrels
FvYg6U8QcQo-01057-00260678-00260950 guru Arjan is remembered in the Sikh for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01058-00260951-00261160 many things he built the first Hara
FvYg6U8QcQo-01059-00261161-00261367 Mandir Sahib later to become the golden
FvYg6U8QcQo-01060-00261367-00261640 temple he was a poet and created the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01061-00261641-00261841 first edition of Sikh sacred texts known
FvYg6U8QcQo-01062-00261842-00262036 as the adi granth literally the first
FvYg6U8QcQo-01063-00262037-00262216 book and included the writings of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01064-00262217-00262393 first five gurus and other enlightened
FvYg6U8QcQo-01065-00262394-00262749 13 hindu and two muslim sufi saints in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01066-00262750-00263017 1606 he was tortured and killed by the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01067-00263018-00263239 Mughal Emperor Jahangir for refusing to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01068-00263240-00263485 convert to Islam his martyrdom is
FvYg6U8QcQo-01069-00263486-00263665 considered a watershed event in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01070-00263666-00264102 history of Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-01071-00264103-00264585 topic political advancement
FvYg6U8QcQo-01072-00264586-00264843 after the martyrdom of guru arjan his
FvYg6U8QcQo-01073-00264844-00265113 son guru Hargobind at age 11 became the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01074-00265114-00265299 sixth guru of the Sikhs and Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-01075-00265300-00265470 dramatically evolved to become a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01076-00265471-00265656 political movement in addition to being
FvYg6U8QcQo-01077-00265657-00265959 religious Guru Hargobind carried two
FvYg6U8QcQo-01078-00265960-00266169 swords calling one spiritual and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01079-00266170-00266340 other four temporal purpose known as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01080-00266341-00266631 Mirian puri and Sikhism according to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01081-00266632-00266871 Sikh tradition Guru Arjan asked his son
FvYg6U8QcQo-01082-00266872-00267099 Hargobind to start a military tradition
FvYg6U8QcQo-01083-00267100-00267258 to protect the Sikh people and always
FvYg6U8QcQo-01084-00267259-00267468 keep himself surrounded by armed Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01085-00267469-00267726 the building of an armed Sikh militia
FvYg6U8QcQo-01086-00267727-00267999 began with Guru Hargobind Guru Hargobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-01087-00268000-00268218 was soon arrested by the Mughals and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01088-00268219-00268518 kept in jail in Gwalior it is unclear
FvYg6U8QcQo-01089-00268519-00268725 how many years he served in prison with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01090-00268726-00268893 different texts stating it to be between
FvYg6U8QcQo-01091-00268894-00269181 two and twelve years he married three
FvYg6U8QcQo-01092-00269182-00269418 women built a fort to defend Ram Dass /
FvYg6U8QcQo-01093-00269419-00269625 and created a formal court called a call
FvYg6U8QcQo-01094-00269626-00269811 tucked now the highest calls to seek
FvYg6U8QcQo-01095-00269812-00270105 religious authority in 1644 Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01096-00270106-00270351 Hargobind named his grandson Hara as the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01097-00270352-00270612 Guru the mughal emperor shah jahan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01098-00270613-00270801 attempted political means to undermine
FvYg6U8QcQo-01099-00270802-00270996 the Sikh tradition by dividing and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01100-00270997-00271248 influencing the succession the Mughal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01101-00271249-00271461 ruler gave land grants to der mal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01102-00271462-00271689 a grandson of Guru Hargobind living in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01103-00271690-00271887 cart are poor and attempted to encourage
FvYg6U8QcQo-01104-00271888-00272070 Sikhs to recognize der mal as the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01105-00272071-00272370 rightful successor to Guru Hargobind der
FvYg6U8QcQo-01106-00272371-00272577 mal issued statements in favor of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01107-00272578-00272733 Mughal state and critical of his
FvYg6U8QcQo-01108-00272734-00273020 grandfather Guru Arjan Guru Hargobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-01109-00273021-00273288 rejected der mal the later refused to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01110-00273289-00273462 give up the original version of the adi
FvYg6U8QcQo-01111-00273463-00273675 granth he had and the Sikh community was
FvYg6U8QcQo-01112-00273676-00273885 divided guru har Rai is famed to have
FvYg6U8QcQo-01113-00273886-00274077 met Dara Shikoh during a time Dara
FvYg6U8QcQo-01114-00274078-00274293 Shikoh and his younger brother Aurangzeb
FvYg6U8QcQo-01115-00274294-00274454 were in a bitter succession fight
FvYg6U8QcQo-01116-00274455-00274752 Aurangzeb summoned guru har Rai who
FvYg6U8QcQo-01117-00274753-00274971 refused to go and sent his elder son Ram
FvYg6U8QcQo-01118-00274972-00275262 Rai instead the Emperor found a verse in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01119-00275263-00275460 the Sikh scripture insulting to Muslims
FvYg6U8QcQo-01120-00275461-00275682 and ram rai agreed it was a mistake then
FvYg6U8QcQo-01121-00275683-00275922 change it Ram ride thus pleased
FvYg6U8QcQo-01122-00275923-00276135 Aurangzeb but displeased guru har Rai
FvYg6U8QcQo-01123-00276136-00276432 who excommunicated his elder son he
FvYg6U8QcQo-01124-00276433-00276633 nominated his younger son guru har
FvYg6U8QcQo-01125-00276634-00276920 Christian to succeed him in 1661
FvYg6U8QcQo-01126-00276921-00277200 Aurangzeb responded by granting ram raya
FvYg6U8QcQo-01127-00277201-00277509 jagger land grant ram rai founded a town
FvYg6U8QcQo-01128-00277510-00277707 there and enjoyed Aurangzeb patronage
FvYg6U8QcQo-01129-00277708-00277926 the town came to be known as Dehradun
FvYg6U8QcQo-01130-00277927-00278123 after Dara referring to RAM raise shrine
FvYg6U8QcQo-01131-00278124-00278389 Sikhs who followed ram rai came to be
FvYg6U8QcQo-01132-00278390-00278655 known as ram raya sikhs guru har
FvYg6U8QcQo-01133-00278656-00278844 christian became the eighth guru at the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01134-00278845-00279072 age of five and died of smallpox before
FvYg6U8QcQo-01135-00279073-00279294 reaching the age of eight no hymns
FvYg6U8QcQo-01136-00279295-00279480 composed by these three gurus are
FvYg6U8QcQo-01137-00279481-00279699 included in the Guru Granth Sahib Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01138-00279700-00279918 Tegh Bahadur the uncle of Guru Heart
FvYg6U8QcQo-01139-00279919-00280293 Christian became guru in 1665 Tegh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01140-00280294-00280509 Bahadur resisted the forced conversions
FvYg6U8QcQo-01141-00280510-00280738 of Kashmiri Pandits and non-muslims to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01142-00280739-00281049 Islam and was publicly beheaded in 1675
FvYg6U8QcQo-01143-00281050-00281202 on the orders of Mughal emperor
FvYg6U8QcQo-01144-00281203-00281382 Aurangzeb in Delhi for refusing to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01145-00281383-00281607 convert to Islam his beheading
FvYg6U8QcQo-01146-00281608-00281859 traumatised the Sikhs his body was
FvYg6U8QcQo-01147-00281860-00282064 cremated in Delhi the head was carried
FvYg6U8QcQo-01148-00282065-00282273 secretively by Sikhs and cremated in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01149-00282274-00282522 Anandpur he was succeeded by his son
FvYg6U8QcQo-01150-00282523-00282783 gobind rai who militarized his followers
FvYg6U8QcQo-01151-00282784-00283039 by creating the Khalsa in 1699 and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01152-00283040-00283200 baptizing the pond pyaari
FvYg6U8QcQo-01153-00283201-00283470 from then on he was known as Guru Gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-01154-00283471-00283677 Singh and Sikh identity was redefined
FvYg6U8QcQo-01155-00283678-00283881 into a political force resisting
FvYg6U8QcQo-01156-00283882-00284242 religious persecution
FvYg6U8QcQo-01157-00284243-00284545 topic seek Confederacy and the rise of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01158-00284546-00284892 the Khalsa
FvYg6U8QcQo-01159-00284893-00285174 Guru Gobind Singh inaugurated the Khalsa
FvYg6U8QcQo-01160-00285175-00285372 the collective body of all initiated
FvYg6U8QcQo-01161-00285373-00285581 Sikhs as the Sikh temporal Authority in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01162-00285582-00285894 the year 1699 it created a community
FvYg6U8QcQo-01163-00285895-00286133 that combines its spiritual purpose and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01164-00286134-00286376 goals with political and military duties
FvYg6U8QcQo-01165-00286377-00286617 shortly before his death Guru Gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-01166-00286618-00286818 Singh proclaimed the Guru Granth Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-01167-00286819-00287013 the Sikh holy scripture to be the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01168-00287014-00287196 ultimate spiritual authority for the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01169-00287197-00287493 Sikhs the Sikh calls his rise to power
FvYg6U8QcQo-01170-00287494-00287751 began in the 17th century during a time
FvYg6U8QcQo-01171-00287752-00287957 of growing militancy against Mughal rule
FvYg6U8QcQo-01172-00287958-00288279 the creation of a Sikh Empire began when
FvYg6U8QcQo-01173-00288280-00288492 Guru Gobind Singh sent a Sikh general
FvYg6U8QcQo-01174-00288493-00288704 banda singh bahadur to fight the mughal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01175-00288705-00288857 rulers of india and those who had
FvYg6U8QcQo-01176-00288858-00289095 committed atrocities against PIR buddha
FvYg6U8QcQo-01177-00289096-00289371 shah banda singh advanced his army
FvYg6U8QcQo-01178-00289372-00289572 towards the main muslim mughal city of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01179-00289573-00289749 Sirhind and following the instructions
FvYg6U8QcQo-01180-00289750-00289977 of the Guru punished all the culprits
FvYg6U8QcQo-01181-00289978-00290253 soon after the invasion of Sirhind while
FvYg6U8QcQo-01182-00290254-00290442 resting in his chamber after the rarest
FvYg6U8QcQo-01183-00290443-00290654 prayer Guru Gobind Singh was stabbed by
FvYg6U8QcQo-01184-00290655-00290876 a Pathan assassin hired by Mughals
FvYg6U8QcQo-01185-00290877-00291110 Gobind Singh killed the attacker with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01186-00291111-00291324 his sword though a European surgeon
FvYg6U8QcQo-01187-00291325-00291482 stitched the guru's wound the wound
FvYg6U8QcQo-01188-00291483-00291678 reopened as the Guru tugged at a hard
FvYg6U8QcQo-01189-00291679-00291881 strong bow after a few days causing
FvYg6U8QcQo-01190-00291882-00292074 profuse bleeding that led to Gobind
FvYg6U8QcQo-01191-00292075-00292341 Singh's death after the Guru's death
FvYg6U8QcQo-01192-00292342-00292559 baba banda singh bahadur became the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01193-00292560-00292808 commander-in-chief of the Khalsa he
FvYg6U8QcQo-01194-00292809-00292998 organized the civilian rebellion and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01195-00292999-00293169 abolished or haunted the Zamindar a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01196-00293170-00293376 system in time he was active and gave
FvYg6U8QcQo-01197-00293377-00293553 the farmers proprietorship of their own
FvYg6U8QcQo-01198-00293554-00293834 land Banda Singh was executed by the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01199-00293835-00294039 Emperor far exceed are after refusing
FvYg6U8QcQo-01200-00294040-00294237 the offer of a pardon if he converted to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01201-00294238-00294537 Islam the Confederacy of Sikh warrior
FvYg6U8QcQo-01202-00294538-00294738 bands known as missiles emerged but
FvYg6U8QcQo-01203-00294739-00294999 these fought between themselves Ranjit
FvYg6U8QcQo-01204-00295000-00295194 Singh achieved a series of military
FvYg6U8QcQo-01205-00295195-00295419 victories and created a Sikh Empire in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01206-00295420-00295835 1799 the Sikh Empire had its capital in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01207-00295836-00296108 Lahore spread over almost 200,000 square
FvYg6U8QcQo-01208-00296109-00296316 miles five hundred twenty thousand
FvYg6U8QcQo-01209-00296317-00296526 square kilometers comprising what is now
FvYg6U8QcQo-01210-00296527-00296715 Northwestern Indian subcontinent
FvYg6U8QcQo-01211-00296716-00296976 the Sikh Empire entered into a treaty
FvYg6U8QcQo-01212-00296977-00297171 with the colonial British powers with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01213-00297172-00297356 each side recognising subtle edged River
FvYg6U8QcQo-01214-00297357-00297546 as the line of control and agreeing not
FvYg6U8QcQo-01215-00297547-00297819 to invade the other side Ranjit Singh's
FvYg6U8QcQo-01216-00297820-00298055 most lasting legacy was the restoration
FvYg6U8QcQo-01217-00298056-00298257 and expansion of the Harmandir Sahib
FvYg6U8QcQo-01218-00298258-00298485 most revered Gurudwara of the sikhs with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01219-00298486-00298680 marble and gold from which the popular
FvYg6U8QcQo-01220-00298681-00298968 name of the golden temple is derived
FvYg6U8QcQo-01221-00298969-00299259 after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839
FvYg6U8QcQo-01222-00299260-00299510 the Sikh Empire fell into disorder
FvYg6U8QcQo-01223-00299511-00299760 Ranjit Singh had failed to establish a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01224-00299761-00299976 lasting structure for Sikh government or
FvYg6U8QcQo-01225-00299977-00300150 stable succession and the Sikh Empire
FvYg6U8QcQo-01226-00300151-00300377 rapidly declined after his death
FvYg6U8QcQo-01227-00300378-00300633 factions divided the Sikhs and led to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01228-00300634-00300876 anglo-sikh Wars the British easily
FvYg6U8QcQo-01229-00300877-00301068 defeated that confused and demoralized
FvYg6U8QcQo-01230-00301069-00301299 Khalsa forces then disbanded them into
FvYg6U8QcQo-01231-00301300-00301590 destitution the youngest son of Ranjit
FvYg6U8QcQo-01232-00301591-00301776 Singh named Dileep Singh ultimately
FvYg6U8QcQo-01233-00301777-00301977 succeeded but he was arrested and exiled
FvYg6U8QcQo-01234-00301978-00302414 after the defeat of Sikh Khalsa
FvYg6U8QcQo-01235-00302415-00302930 topic sing sabha movement
FvYg6U8QcQo-01236-00302931-00303170 the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
FvYg6U8QcQo-01237-00303171-00303417 Duleep sane converted to Christianity in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01238-00303418-00303707 1853 a controversial but influential
FvYg6U8QcQo-01239-00303708-00304004 event in Sikh history along with his
FvYg6U8QcQo-01240-00304005-00304218 conversion and after Sikh Empire had
FvYg6U8QcQo-01241-00304219-00304373 been dissolved and the region made a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01242-00304374-00304570 part of the colonial British Empire
FvYg6U8QcQo-01243-00304571-00304802 proselytizing activities of Christians
FvYg6U8QcQo-01244-00304803-00305102 Brahmo samajis Arya Samaj Muslim on
FvYg6U8QcQo-01245-00305103-00305324 Gemini is Lamia and Ahmadiyya sought to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01246-00305325-00305519 convert the Sikhs in northwestern Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01247-00305520-00305648 subcontinent into their respective
FvYg6U8QcQo-01248-00305649-00305943 faiths these developments launched the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01249-00305944-00306128 Singh Sabha movement seeks sought to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01250-00306129-00306446 revive Sikhism in late 19th century its
FvYg6U8QcQo-01251-00306447-00306632 first meeting was in the golden temple
FvYg6U8QcQo-01252-00306633-00306923 amritsar in 1873 and it was largely
FvYg6U8QcQo-01253-00306924-00307076 launched by the senate and sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01254-00307077-00307409 Gianni's priests and grandness shortly
FvYg6U8QcQo-01255-00307410-00307467 thereafter
FvYg6U8QcQo-01256-00307468-00307670 Nihon Sikhs began influencing the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01257-00307671-00307826 movement followed by a sustained
FvYg6U8QcQo-01258-00307827-00308105 campaign by tat Khalsa the movement
FvYg6U8QcQo-01259-00308106-00308285 became a struggle between sanon and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01260-00308286-00308498 Sikhs and tat Khalsa in defining and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01261-00308499-00308732 interpreting Sikhism sanidine Sikhs led
FvYg6U8QcQo-01262-00308733-00308940 by Kem Singh Bedi who claim to be a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01263-00308941-00309179 direct descendant of Guru Nanak avatar
FvYg6U8QcQo-01264-00309180-00309390 Singh Valyria and others supported a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01265-00309391-00309593 more inclusive approach which considered
FvYg6U8QcQo-01266-00309594-00309789 Sikhism as a reformed tradition of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01267-00309790-00310010 Hinduism while tat Khalsa campaigned for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01268-00310011-00310169 an exclusive approach to the Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01269-00310170-00310385 identity disagreeing with sanidine Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01270-00310386-00310641 and seeking to modernize Sikhism the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01271-00310642-00310850 Sikhs abomb movement expanded in north
FvYg6U8QcQo-01272-00310851-00310997 and northwest indian subcontinent
FvYg6U8QcQo-01273-00310998-00311367 leading to about a 100 singh Sabah's by
FvYg6U8QcQo-01274-00311368-00311573 the early decades of the 20th century
FvYg6U8QcQo-01275-00311574-00311801 the influence of tat Khalsa increased in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01276-00311802-00311996 interpreting the nature of Sikhism and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01277-00311997-00312172 their control over the seat gurdwaras
FvYg6U8QcQo-01278-00312173-00312489 tat Khalsa introduced new practices such
FvYg6U8QcQo-01279-00312490-00312741 as the wedding ceremony in 1909 that
FvYg6U8QcQo-01280-00312742-00312891 centered around the Sikh scripture
FvYg6U8QcQo-01281-00312892-00313092 replacing the earlier yagna fire after
FvYg6U8QcQo-01282-00313093-00313283 removing the historic idols and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01283-00313284-00313481 images of Sikh gurus from the Golden
FvYg6U8QcQo-01284-00313482-00313778 Temple in 1905 they undertook a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01285-00313779-00313992 sustained campaign to redefine how Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01286-00313993-00314190 Gurdwara sucked and ran as well as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01287-00314191-00314372 reinterpreted the Sikh scriptures to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01288-00314373-00314640 purify the Sikh identity according to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01289-00314641-00314852 Oberoi the Singh Sabha movement had a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01290-00314853-00315146 lasting impact on Sikhism by eradicating
FvYg6U8QcQo-01291-00315147-00315387 all forms of religious diversity within
FvYg6U8QcQo-01292-00315388-00315779 Sikhism and establishing uniform norms
FvYg6U8QcQo-01293-00315780-00316196 of religious orthodoxy and orthopraxy
FvYg6U8QcQo-01294-00316197-00316426 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-01295-00316427-00316798 soppec partition
FvYg6U8QcQo-01296-00316799-00317090 sikhs participated and contributed to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01297-00317091-00317297 the decades-long Indian independence
FvYg6U8QcQo-01298-00317298-00317483 movement from the colonial rule in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01299-00317484-00317683 first half of the 20th century
FvYg6U8QcQo-01300-00317684-00317903 ultimately when the British Empire
FvYg6U8QcQo-01301-00317904-00318131 recognized independent India the land
FvYg6U8QcQo-01302-00318132-00318281 was partitioned into hindu-majority
FvYg6U8QcQo-01303-00318282-00318566 India and muslim-majority Pakistan East
FvYg6U8QcQo-01304-00318567-00318980 and West in 1947 this event states Benga
FvYg6U8QcQo-01305-00318981-00319183 was a watershed event in Sikh history
FvYg6U8QcQo-01306-00319184-00319439 the Sikhs had historically lived in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01307-00319440-00319595 northwestern region of Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01308-00319596-00319769 subcontinent on both sides of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01309-00319770-00320078 partition line radcliffe line according
FvYg6U8QcQo-01310-00320079-00320291 to Banga and other scholars the sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01311-00320292-00320483 had strongly opposed the Muslim League
FvYg6U8QcQo-01312-00320484-00320801 demands inside us perpetuation of Muslim
FvYg6U8QcQo-01313-00320802-00321077 domination and anti-sikh policies in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01314-00321078-00321305 what just a 100 years before was a part
FvYg6U8QcQo-01315-00321306-00321518 of the Sikh Empire during the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01316-00321519-00321634 discussions with the colonial
FvYg6U8QcQo-01317-00321635-00321857 authorities terracing emerged as an
FvYg6U8QcQo-01318-00321858-00322016 important leader who campaigned to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01319-00322017-00322159 prevent the partition and for the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01320-00322160-00322309 recognition of Sikhs as the third
FvYg6U8QcQo-01321-00322310-00322667 community in 1940 a few Sikhs such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01322-00322668-00322898 the victims of Komagata Maru in Canada
FvYg6U8QcQo-01323-00322899-00323102 proposed the idea of Khalistan as a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01324-00323103-00323317 buffer state between Pakistan and India
FvYg6U8QcQo-01325-00323318-00323582 these leaders however were largely
FvYg6U8QcQo-01326-00323583-00323801 ignored many other Sikh leaders
FvYg6U8QcQo-01327-00323802-00324020 supported the partition along religious
FvYg6U8QcQo-01328-00324021-00324242 and demographic lines when partition was
FvYg6U8QcQo-01329-00324243-00324464 announced the newly created line divided
FvYg6U8QcQo-01330-00324465-00324662 the Sikh population into two halves
FvYg6U8QcQo-01331-00324663-00324902 the Sikhs suffered organized violence
FvYg6U8QcQo-01332-00324903-00325106 and riots against them in West Pakistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01333-00325107-00325355 and Sikhs moved on masse to the Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01334-00325356-00325541 side leaving behind their property and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01335-00325542-00325783 the sacred places of Sikhism this
FvYg6U8QcQo-01336-00325784-00325997 reprisals on Sikhs were not one-sided
FvYg6U8QcQo-01337-00325998-00326204 because as Sikhs entered the Indian side
FvYg6U8QcQo-01338-00326205-00326447 the Muslims in East Punjab experienced
FvYg6U8QcQo-01339-00326448-00326600 reprisals and they moved to West
FvYg6U8QcQo-01340-00326601-00326894 Pakistan before the partition Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01341-00326895-00327125 constituted about 15 percent of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01342-00327126-00327356 population in West Punjab that became a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01343-00327357-00327572 part of Pakistan the majority being
FvYg6U8QcQo-01344-00327573-00327890 Muslims 55 percent the Sikhs were the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01345-00327891-00328091 economic elite and wealthiest in West
FvYg6U8QcQo-01346-00328092-00328258 Bend job with them having the largest
FvYg6U8QcQo-01347-00328259-00328438 representation in West Punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-01348-00328439-00328799 aristocracy nearly 700 gurdwaras and 400
FvYg6U8QcQo-01349-00328800-00329008 educational institutions that serve the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01350-00329009-00329255 interests of the Sikhs prior to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01351-00329256-00329405 partition there were a series of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01352-00329406-00329621 disputes between the majority Muslims
FvYg6U8QcQo-01353-00329622-00329741 and minority Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01354-00329742-00329948 such as on the matters of jhatka versus
FvYg6U8QcQo-01355-00329949-00330020 halal meat
FvYg6U8QcQo-01356-00330021-00330203 the disputed ownership of gurdwaras
FvYg6U8QcQo-01357-00330204-00330422 ahead gangjin Lahore which Muslim Saad
FvYg6U8QcQo-01358-00330423-00330626 is a mosque and Sikhs as a Gurdwara and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01359-00330627-00330818 the insistence of the provincial Muslim
FvYg6U8QcQo-01360-00330819-00330977 government in switching from Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01361-00330978-00331172 Gurmukhi script to Arabic Persian nos
FvYg6U8QcQo-01362-00331173-00331469 taluk script in schools during and after
FvYg6U8QcQo-01363-00331470-00331718 the similar conference in June 1945
FvYg6U8QcQo-01364-00331719-00331955 headed by Lord Wavell the Sikh leaders
FvYg6U8QcQo-01365-00331956-00332150 initially expressed their desire to be
FvYg6U8QcQo-01366-00332151-00332332 recognized as the third party but
FvYg6U8QcQo-01367-00332333-00332522 ultimately relegated their demands and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01368-00332523-00332732 sought a united India where Sikhs Hindus
FvYg6U8QcQo-01369-00332733-00332942 and Muslims would live together under a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01370-00332943-00333218 Swiss style Constitution the Muslim
FvYg6U8QcQo-01371-00333219-00333425 League rejected this approach demanding
FvYg6U8QcQo-01372-00333426-00333623 that entire Punjab should be granted to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01373-00333624-00333890 Pakistan the Sikh leaders then sought
FvYg6U8QcQo-01374-00333891-00334076 the partition instead and Congress
FvYg6U8QcQo-01375-00334077-00334277 Working Committee passed a resolution in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01376-00334278-00334469 support of partitioning Punjab and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01377-00334470-00334889 Bengal between March and August 1947 a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01378-00334890-00335141 series of riots arson plunder of Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01379-00335142-00335369 property assassination of Sikh leaders
FvYg6U8QcQo-01380-00335370-00335546 and killings in Jhelum districts
FvYg6U8QcQo-01381-00335547-00335795 Rawalpindi Atok and other places made
FvYg6U8QcQo-01382-00335796-00336014 terracing call the situation in punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-01383-00336015-00336293 'as civil war while Lord Mountbatten
FvYg6U8QcQo-01384-00336294-00336599 stated civil war preparations were going
FvYg6U8QcQo-01385-00336600-00336875 on the riots had triggered the early
FvYg6U8QcQo-01386-00336876-00337073 waves of migration in April with some
FvYg6U8QcQo-01387-00337074-00337309 20,000 people leaving Northwest Punjab
FvYg6U8QcQo-01388-00337310-00337584 and moving to Patiala in Rawalpindi
FvYg6U8QcQo-01389-00337585-00337885 40,000 people became homeless the sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01390-00337886-00338099 leaders made desperate petitions but all
FvYg6U8QcQo-01391-00338100-00338276 religious communities were suffering in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01392-00338277-00338588 the political turmoil Sikhs states Banga
FvYg6U8QcQo-01393-00338589-00338921 were only 4 million out of a total of 28
FvYg6U8QcQo-01394-00338922-00339188 million in Punjab and 6 million out of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01395-00339189-00339470 nearly 400 million in India they did not
FvYg6U8QcQo-01396-00339471-00339716 constitute the majority not even in a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01397-00339717-00340028 single district when the partition line
FvYg6U8QcQo-01398-00340029-00340295 was formally announced in August 1947
FvYg6U8QcQo-01399-00340296-00340510 the violence was unprecedented with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01400-00340511-00340691 Sikhs being one of the most affected
FvYg6U8QcQo-01401-00340692-00340885 religious community both in terms of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01402-00340886-00341120 deaths as well as property loss injury
FvYg6U8QcQo-01403-00341121-00341387 trauma and disruption Sikhs and Muslims
FvYg6U8QcQo-01404-00341388-00341615 were both victims and perpetrators of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01405-00341616-00341857 retaliatory violence against each other
FvYg6U8QcQo-01406-00341858-00342184 estimates range between 200,000 and 2
FvYg6U8QcQo-01407-00342185-00342371 million deaths of Sikhs Hindus and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01408-00342372-00342632 Muslims there were numerous rapes of in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01409-00342633-00342851 mass suicides by Sikh women they being
FvYg6U8QcQo-01410-00342852-00343057 taken captives their rescues and above
FvYg6U8QcQo-01411-00343058-00343258 all a mass exodus of Sikhs from newly
FvYg6U8QcQo-01412-00343259-00343385 created Pakistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01413-00343386-00343664 into newly-created India the partition
FvYg6U8QcQo-01414-00343665-00343922 created the largest foot convoy of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01415-00343923-00344189 refugees recorded in human history
FvYg6U8QcQo-01416-00344190-00344479 stretching over 100 kilometer long
FvYg6U8QcQo-01417-00344480-00344807 states Banga with nearly 300,000 people
FvYg6U8QcQo-01418-00344808-00345029 consisting of mostly distraught
FvYg6U8QcQo-01419-00345030-00345383 suffering injured and angry Sikhs Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01420-00345384-00345638 and Hindu refugees from Pakistan flooded
FvYg6U8QcQo-01421-00345639-00345863 into India Muslim refugees from India
FvYg6U8QcQo-01422-00345864-00346067 flooded into Pakistan each into their
FvYg6U8QcQo-01423-00346068-00346376 new homeland
FvYg6U8QcQo-01424-00346377-00346846 topic Khalistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01425-00346847-00347109 the early 1980s witnessed some Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01426-00347110-00347281 groups seeking an independent nation
FvYg6U8QcQo-01427-00347282-00347503 named Khalistan carved out from India
FvYg6U8QcQo-01428-00347504-00347803 and Pakistan the golden temple in a call
FvYg6U8QcQo-01429-00347804-00348022 talked were occupied by various militant
FvYg6U8QcQo-01430-00348023-00348193 groups in 1982
FvYg6U8QcQo-01431-00348194-00348502 these included the Dharam Y udh Morcha
FvYg6U8QcQo-01432-00348503-00348727 led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale a the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01433-00348728-00348964 Babbar Khalsa the AIS SF and the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01434-00348965-00349243 National Council of Khalistan between
FvYg6U8QcQo-01435-00349244-00349552 1982 and 1983 there were an and poor
FvYg6U8QcQo-01436-00349553-00349750 resolution demand related terrorist
FvYg6U8QcQo-01437-00349751-00349945 attacks against civilians in parts of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01438-00349946-00350290 India by late 1983 the Bhindranwale a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01439-00350291-00350515 LED group had begun to build bunkers and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01440-00350516-00350719 observations posts in and around the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01441-00350720-00350923 Golden Temple with militants involved in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01442-00350924-00351271 weapons training in June 1984 the then
FvYg6U8QcQo-01443-00351272-00351478 Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi
FvYg6U8QcQo-01444-00351479-00351694 ordered Indian army to begin operation
FvYg6U8QcQo-01445-00351695-00351943 bluestar against the militants the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01446-00351944-00352129 fierce engagement took place in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01447-00352130-00352363 precincts of Darbar Sahib and resulted
FvYg6U8QcQo-01448-00352364-00352570 in many deaths including Bhindranwale a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01449-00352571-00352753 the destruction of the Sikh reference
FvYg6U8QcQo-01450-00352754-00352966 library which was considered a national
FvYg6U8QcQo-01451-00352967-00353152 treasure that contained over a thousand
FvYg6U8QcQo-01452-00353153-00353320 rare manuscripts greater-than and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01453-00353321-00353602 destroyed Akal Takht numerous soldiers
FvYg6U8QcQo-01454-00353603-00353797 civilians and militants died in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01455-00353798-00354046 crossfire within days of the operation
FvYg6U8QcQo-01456-00354047-00354298 bluestar some 2,000 sikh soldiers in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01457-00354299-00354478 India mutiny and attempted to reach
FvYg6U8QcQo-01458-00354479-00354681 Amritsar to liberate the golden temple
FvYg6U8QcQo-01459-00354682-00354999 within six months on the 31st of October
FvYg6U8QcQo-01460-00355000-00355269 1984 Indira Gandhi's Sikh bodyguards
FvYg6U8QcQo-01461-00355270-00355560 assassinated her the assassination
FvYg6U8QcQo-01462-00355561-00355806 triggered the 1984 anti-sikh riots
FvYg6U8QcQo-01463-00355807-00356032 according to Donald Horowitz while
FvYg6U8QcQo-01464-00356033-00356254 anti-sikh riots led to much damage and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01465-00356255-00356473 deaths many serious provocations by
FvYg6U8QcQo-01466-00356474-00356671 militants also failed to trigger ethnic
FvYg6U8QcQo-01467-00356672-00356851 violence in many cases throughout the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01468-00356852-00357135 1980s the Sikhs and their neighbors for
FvYg6U8QcQo-01469-00357136-00357333 most part ignored attempts to provoke
FvYg6U8QcQo-01470-00357334-00357625 riots and communal strife topics Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01471-00357626-00357838 people estimates state that Sikhism has
FvYg6U8QcQo-01472-00357839-00358080 some 25 million followers worldwide
FvYg6U8QcQo-01473-00358081-00358342 according to Pew Research a religion
FvYg6U8QcQo-01474-00358343-00358531 demographics and research group in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01475-00358532-00358785 Washington DC more than nine in 10 Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01476-00358786-00358999 are in India that there are also sizable
FvYg6U8QcQo-01477-00359000-00359194 Sikh communities in the United Kingdom
FvYg6U8QcQo-01478-00359195-00359392 the United States and Canada within
FvYg6U8QcQo-01479-00359393-00359632 India the sikh population is founded in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01480-00359633-00359832 every state and Union Territory but it
FvYg6U8QcQo-01481-00359833-00360019 is predominantly found the north western
FvYg6U8QcQo-01482-00360020-00360288 and northern states only in the state
FvYg6U8QcQo-01483-00360289-00360594 Punjab Sikhs constitute a majority 58%
FvYg6U8QcQo-01484-00360595-00360942 of the total for 2011 census the states
FvYg6U8QcQo-01485-00360943-00361143 and union territories of India where
FvYg6U8QcQo-01486-00361144-00361413 Sikhs constitute more than 1.5 percent
FvYg6U8QcQo-01487-00361414-00361658 of its population our Punjab Chandigarh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01488-00361659-00361910 Coriana Delhi Buddha rockand and Jammu
FvYg6U8QcQo-01489-00361911-00362118 and Kashmir Sikhism was founded in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01490-00362119-00362282 northwestern region of the Indian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01491-00362283-00362485 subcontinent in what is now Pakistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01492-00362486-00362750 some of the Guru's were born near Lahore
FvYg6U8QcQo-01493-00362751-00363045 and in other parts of Pakistan prior to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01494-00363046-00363353 1947 in British India millions of Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01495-00363354-00363543 lived in what later became Pakistan
FvYg6U8QcQo-01496-00363544-00363792 during the partition Sikhs and Hindus
FvYg6U8QcQo-01497-00363793-00364022 left the newly created Muslim majority
FvYg6U8QcQo-01498-00364023-00364232 Pakistan and moved to Hindu majority
FvYg6U8QcQo-01499-00364233-00364481 India while Muslims in India left and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01500-00364482-00364824 moved to Pakistan according to 2017 news
FvYg6U8QcQo-01501-00364825-00365097 reports only about 20,000 Sikhs remain
FvYg6U8QcQo-01502-00365098-00365295 in Pakistan and their population is
FvYg6U8QcQo-01503-00365296-00365595 dwindling 0.01 percent of its estimated
FvYg6U8QcQo-01504-00365596-00365906 200 million population the Sikhs in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01505-00365907-00366120 Pakistan like others in the region have
FvYg6U8QcQo-01506-00366121-00366315 been rocked by an Islamist insurgency
FvYg6U8QcQo-01507-00366316-00366605 for more than a decade topic Sikhs X
FvYg6U8QcQo-01508-00366606-00366798 Sikhs X are sub traditions with in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01509-00366799-00366983 Sikhism that believe in an alternate
FvYg6U8QcQo-01510-00366984-00367160 lineage of gurus or have a different
FvYg6U8QcQo-01511-00367161-00367385 interpretation of the Sikh scriptures or
FvYg6U8QcQo-01512-00367386-00367580 believe in following a living guru or
FvYg6U8QcQo-01513-00367581-00367754 other concepts that differ from the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01514-00367755-00368078 Orthodox Khalsa seeks the major historic
FvYg6U8QcQo-01515-00368079-00368298 sects of Sikhism States Hajj attaboy
FvYg6U8QcQo-01516-00368299-00368450 have included o dasa
FvYg6U8QcQo-01517-00368451-00368783 Nirmala nanak panty Khalsa sahaja naam
FvYg6U8QcQo-01518-00368784-00369107 dari cuca near in Korean sarve area the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01519-00369108-00369275 early Sikh sects were uh dices and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01520-00369276-00369524 Mina's founded by Shri Chon the elder
FvYg6U8QcQo-01521-00369525-00369752 son of Guru Nanak and pretty Chand the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01522-00369753-00370004 elder son of guru ram das respectively
FvYg6U8QcQo-01523-00370005-00370218 in parallel to the official succession
FvYg6U8QcQo-01524-00370219-00370524 of the Sikh gurus later on Ram Raya sect
FvYg6U8QcQo-01525-00370525-00370713 grew in Dehradun with the patronage of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01526-00370714-00370955 Aurangzeb many splintered Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01527-00370956-00371126 communities formed during the Mughal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01528-00371127-00371354 Empire era some of these sects were
FvYg6U8QcQo-01529-00371355-00371489 financially and administratively
FvYg6U8QcQo-01530-00371490-00371718 supported by the Mughal rulers in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01531-00371719-00371900 hopes of gaining a more favorable and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01532-00371901-00372168 compliant citizenry after the collapse
FvYg6U8QcQo-01533-00372169-00372414 of Mughal Empire and particularly during
FvYg6U8QcQo-01534-00372415-00372632 the rule of Ranjit Singh Buddhist Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01535-00372633-00372830 protected Sikh shrines preserved the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01536-00372831-00373004 Sikh scripture and rebuilt those that
FvYg6U8QcQo-01537-00373005-00373184 were desecrated or destroyed during the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01538-00373185-00373313 Muslim Sikh Wars
FvYg6U8QcQo-01539-00373314-00373596 however Buddhist Sikhs kept idols and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01540-00373597-00373674 images in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01541-00373675-00374019 the Sikh temples in the 19th century Nam
FvYg6U8QcQo-01542-00374020-00374184 Duras and Niren carries sects were
FvYg6U8QcQo-01543-00374185-00374415 formed in Sikhism seeking to reform and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01544-00374416-00374574 return to what each believed was the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01545-00374575-00374766 pure form of Sikhism all these sects
FvYg6U8QcQo-01546-00374767-00374979 differ from Khalsa Orthodox Sikhs in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01547-00374980-00375141 their beliefs and practices such as
FvYg6U8QcQo-01548-00375142-00375321 continuing to solemnize their weddings
FvYg6U8QcQo-01549-00375322-00375477 around fire and being strictly
FvYg6U8QcQo-01550-00375478-00375768 vegetarian many accept the concept of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01551-00375769-00375996 living gurus such as guru Baba dial
FvYg6U8QcQo-01552-00375997-00376254 Singh the Niren carry sect though an
FvYg6U8QcQo-01553-00376255-00376473 orthodox was influential in shaping the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01554-00376474-00376647 views of tak Khalsa and the contemporary
FvYg6U8QcQo-01555-00376648-00376962 era sikh beliefs and practices another
FvYg6U8QcQo-01556-00376963-00377160 significant sikh sect of the 19th
FvYg6U8QcQo-01557-00377161-00377376 century was the radha soami movement in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01558-00377377-00377673 punjab led by baba shiv dial other
FvYg6U8QcQo-01559-00377674-00377919 contemporary era Sikh sects include the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01560-00377920-00378252 3h o formed in 1971 which exists outside
FvYg6U8QcQo-01561-00378253-00378501 India particularly in North America and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01562-00378502-00378807 Europe
FvYg6U8QcQo-01563-00378808-00379334 topic seek castes
FvYg6U8QcQo-01564-00379335-00379566 according to surrender jhatka the state
FvYg6U8QcQo-01565-00379567-00379775 of punjab with a sikh majority has the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01566-00379776-00380040 largest proportion of Scheduled Caste
FvYg6U8QcQo-01567-00380041-00380348 population in India although decried by
FvYg6U8QcQo-01568-00380349-00380565 Sikhism Sikhs of practiced a caste
FvYg6U8QcQo-01569-00380566-00380747 system the system along with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01570-00380748-00380972 untouchability has been more common in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01571-00380973-00381162 rural parts of Punjab the land owning
FvYg6U8QcQo-01572-00381163-00381422 dominant Sikh castes states jhatka have
FvYg6U8QcQo-01573-00381423-00381635 not shed all their prejudices against
FvYg6U8QcQo-01574-00381636-00381881 the lower castes or Dalits while Dalits
FvYg6U8QcQo-01575-00381882-00382068 would be allowed entry into the village
FvYg6U8QcQo-01576-00382069-00382269 gurdwaras they would not be permitted to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01577-00382270-00382617 cook or serve langar the Sikh Dalits of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01578-00382618-00382769 Punjab have tried to build their own
FvYg6U8QcQo-01579-00382770-00383030 Gurdwara other local level institutions
FvYg6U8QcQo-01580-00383031-00383183 and sought better material circumstances
FvYg6U8QcQo-01581-00383184-00383522 and dignity according to jawed cut due
FvYg6U8QcQo-01582-00383523-00383718 to economic mobility in contemporary
FvYg6U8QcQo-01583-00383719-00383921 Punjab castes no longer mean an
FvYg6U8QcQo-01584-00383922-00384107 inherited occupation nor our work
FvYg6U8QcQo-01585-00384108-00384445 relations tied to a single location in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01586-00384446-00384725 1953 the Government of India acceded to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01587-00384726-00384929 the demands of the sikh leader master
FvYg6U8QcQo-01588-00384930-00385175 tara singh to include Sikh Dalit castes
FvYg6U8QcQo-01589-00385176-00385437 in the list of scheduled castes in the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01590-00385438-00385646 Shiromani Gurdwara Previn dock committee
FvYg6U8QcQo-01591-00385647-00385938 20 of the 140 seats are reserved for low
FvYg6U8QcQo-01592-00385939-00386219 caste Sikhs over 60% of Sikhs belonged
FvYg6U8QcQo-01593-00386220-00386384 to the Jat cast which is an agrarian
FvYg6U8QcQo-01594-00386385-00386675 caste despite being very small in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01595-00386676-00386900 numbers the mercantile Khatri and Aurora
FvYg6U8QcQo-01596-00386901-00387090 castes wield considerable influence
FvYg6U8QcQo-01597-00387091-00387377 within the Sikh community other common
FvYg6U8QcQo-01598-00387378-00387644 seat castes include Siamese Rajputs Ram
FvYg6U8QcQo-01599-00387645-00387896 various artisans Ahluwalia formerly
FvYg6U8QcQo-01600-00387897-00388151 brewers kam boys rural caste LA Banda's
FvYg6U8QcQo-01601-00388152-00388403 Kumar's and the two Dalek castes known
FvYg6U8QcQo-01602-00388404-00388607 in sikh terminology as the mazaa bees
FvYg6U8QcQo-01603-00388608-00388799 the Juris and the ram dass he is the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01604-00388800-00389128 shamar's
FvYg6U8QcQo-01605-00389129-00389645 topic seek diaspora
FvYg6U8QcQo-01606-00389646-00389913 Sikhism is the ninth largest amongst the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01607-00389914-00390099 major world religions and one of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01608-00390100-00390384 youngest worldwide there are twenty five
FvYg6U8QcQo-01609-00390385-00390597 point eight million Sikhs which makes up
FvYg6U8QcQo-01610-00390598-00390786 zero-point-three nine percent of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01611-00390787-00391104 world's population approximately 75
FvYg6U8QcQo-01612-00391105-00391317 percent of Sikhs live in Punjab where
FvYg6U8QcQo-01613-00391318-00391554 they constitute over 50% of the state's
FvYg6U8QcQo-01614-00391555-00391845 population large communities of Sikhs
FvYg6U8QcQo-01615-00391846-00392034 migrate to the neighboring states such
FvYg6U8QcQo-01616-00392035-00392250 as Indian state of Haryana which is home
FvYg6U8QcQo-01617-00392251-00392469 to the second largest Sikh population in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01618-00392470-00392796 India with 1.1 million Sikhs as per 2001
FvYg6U8QcQo-01619-00392797-00393009 census and large immigrant communities
FvYg6U8QcQo-01620-00393010-00393186 of Sikhs can be found across India
FvYg6U8QcQo-01621-00393187-00393558 however Sikhs only comprise about 2% of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01622-00393559-00393786 the Indian population Sikh migration to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01623-00393787-00394032 Canada began in the 19th century and led
FvYg6U8QcQo-01624-00394033-00394209 to the creation of significant Sikh
FvYg6U8QcQo-01625-00394210-00394398 communities predominantly in South
FvYg6U8QcQo-01626-00394399-00394611 Vancouver British Columbia Surrey
FvYg6U8QcQo-01627-00394612-00394868 British Columbia and Brampton Ontario
FvYg6U8QcQo-01628-00394869-00395223 today temples newspapers radio stations
FvYg6U8QcQo-01629-00395224-00395423 and markets catered to these large
FvYg6U8QcQo-01630-00395424-00395654 multi-generational indo-canadian groups
FvYg6U8QcQo-01631-00395655-00395934 Sikh festivals such as vaisakhi and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01632-00395935-00396111 Bondi core are celebrated in those
FvYg6U8QcQo-01633-00396112-00396327 Canadian cities by the largest groups of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01634-00396328-00396495 followers in the world outside the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01635-00396496-00396810 Punjab Sikhs also migrated to East
FvYg6U8QcQo-01636-00396811-00397011 Africa West Africa the Middle East
FvYg6U8QcQo-01637-00397012-00397272 Southeast Asia the United Kingdom the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01638-00397273-00397536 United States and Australia these
FvYg6U8QcQo-01639-00397537-00397758 communities developed as Sikhs migrated
FvYg6U8QcQo-01640-00397759-00397932 out of Punjab to fill in gaps in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01641-00397933-00398199 Imperial labour markets in the early
FvYg6U8QcQo-01642-00398200-00398397 20th century a significant community
FvYg6U8QcQo-01643-00398398-00398616 began to take shape on the west coast of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01644-00398617-00398937 the United States smaller populations of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01645-00398938-00399135 Sikhs are found within many countries in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01646-00399136-00399294 Western Europe Mauritius
FvYg6U8QcQo-01647-00399295-00399603 Malaysia Philippines Fiji Nepal China
FvYg6U8QcQo-01648-00399604-00399936 Pakistan Afghanistan Iraq Singapore
FvYg6U8QcQo-01649-00399937-00400468 United States and many other countries
FvYg6U8QcQo-01650-00400469-00401053 topic prohibitions in Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-01651-00401054-00401392 some major prohibitions include cutting
FvYg6U8QcQo-01652-00401393-00401581 hair cutting hair is forbidden in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01653-00401582-00401749 Sikhism for those who have taken the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01654-00401750-00401926 Amrit initiation ceremony
FvYg6U8QcQo-01655-00401927-00402187 these Amorth Hari or Khalsa Sikhs are
FvYg6U8QcQo-01656-00402188-00402429 required to keep unshorn hair
FvYg6U8QcQo-01657-00402430-00402718 intoxication consumption of alcohol non
FvYg6U8QcQo-01658-00402719-00402922 medicinal drugs tobacco and other
FvYg6U8QcQo-01659-00402923-00403126 intoxicants as forbidden in Sikhism
FvYg6U8QcQo-01660-00403127-00403419 according to the secret hit maryada a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01661-00403420-00403696 Khalsa Amarth Hari Sikh who consumes any
FvYg6U8QcQo-01662-00403697-00403930 intoxicant is considered petit lapsed
FvYg6U8QcQo-01663-00403931-00404134 and may be readmitted into Khalsa only
FvYg6U8QcQo-01664-00404135-00404455 if rebaptised in contrast me hangs of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01665-00404456-00404656 Sikh tradition who protects Sikh shrines
FvYg6U8QcQo-01666-00404657-00404875 wearing visible and ready weaponry along
FvYg6U8QcQo-01667-00404876-00405067 with their notable blue turbans practice
FvYg6U8QcQo-01668-00405068-00405264 meditation with the aid of cannabis
FvYg6U8QcQo-01669-00405265-00405517 Sahai Dury Sikhs in practice however
FvYg6U8QcQo-01670-00405518-00405742 socially consume some alcohol the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01671-00405743-00405937 prohibition on smoking is practiced
FvYg6U8QcQo-01672-00405938-00406279 almost universally by all Sikhs priestly
FvYg6U8QcQo-01673-00406280-00406519 class Sikhism does not have priests but
FvYg6U8QcQo-01674-00406520-00406684 does have liturgical service which
FvYg6U8QcQo-01675-00406685-00406882 employs people for a salary to sing
FvYg6U8QcQo-01676-00406883-00407116 hymns kirtan officiate an artists puja
FvYg6U8QcQo-01677-00407117-00407305 or marriage and perform services at a
FvYg6U8QcQo-01678-00407306-00407590 Gurdwara any Sikh can become a grantee
FvYg6U8QcQo-01679-00407591-00407785 to look after the Guru Granth Sahib and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01680-00407786-00407977 any Sikh is free to read from the Guru
FvYg6U8QcQo-01681-00407978-00408277 Granth Sahib eating halal meat both
FvYg6U8QcQo-01682-00408278-00408496 initiated and uninitiated Sikhs are
FvYg6U8QcQo-01683-00408497-00408670 strictly prohibited from eating meat
FvYg6U8QcQo-01684-00408671-00408844 from animals slaughtered by the halal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01685-00408845-00409027 method known as katha meat where the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01686-00409028-00409195 animal is killed by pronouncing the name
FvYg6U8QcQo-01687-00409196-00409402 of Allah and then exsanguination via
FvYg6U8QcQo-01688-00409403-00409639 throat cutting according to Eleanor
FvYg6U8QcQo-01689-00409639-00409807 Nesbit on the general issue of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01690-00409808-00410050 vegetarianism versus non vegetarianism
FvYg6U8QcQo-01691-00410051-00410253 there is no definitive instruction in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01692-00410254-00410503 the Sikh code in a Nadi Granth verse
FvYg6U8QcQo-01693-00410504-00410709 guru nanak responds to hindu brahmins
FvYg6U8QcQo-01694-00410710-00410902 who teach that it is polluting to eat
FvYg6U8QcQo-01695-00410903-00411097 meat by saying that as human beings we
FvYg6U8QcQo-01696-00411097-00411280 are part of the chain of life and even
FvYg6U8QcQo-01697-00411281-00411541 plants are living organisms in other
FvYg6U8QcQo-01698-00411542-00411778 verses guru nanak says that fools
FvYg6U8QcQo-01699-00411779-00412063 wrangle about eating meat and calls out
FvYg6U8QcQo-01700-00412064-00412288 the Pandits by saying that the eating of
FvYg6U8QcQo-01701-00412289-00412555 meat is considered sinful but gratifying
FvYg6U8QcQo-01702-00412556-00412705 of greed has held good
FvYg6U8QcQo-01703-00412706-00412957 in essence teaching that quelling the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01704-00412958-00413152 cruelty of the human mind to supreme
FvYg6U8QcQo-01705-00413153-00413332 rather than mere abstaining from eating
FvYg6U8QcQo-01706-00413333-00413614 meat the ban on cut the meat taken along
FvYg6U8QcQo-01707-00413614-00413800 with ban on sexual relations with
FvYg6U8QcQo-01708-00413801-00414028 Muslims and a ban on smoking a habit
FvYg6U8QcQo-01709-00414029-00414271 common among 18th century Indian Muslims
FvYg6U8QcQo-01710-00414272-00414427 states nezbitt may have been
FvYg6U8QcQo-01711-00414428-00414562 meant for Sikhs to have a social
FvYg6U8QcQo-01712-00414563-00414768 separation from the Muslims due to the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01713-00414770-00415030 17th and 18th century resistance of the
FvYg6U8QcQo-01714-00415031-00415192 Sikhs to the oppression of the Mughal
FvYg6U8QcQo-01715-00415193-00415428 and Afghan Army's both formed of Muslims
FvYg6U8QcQo-01716-00415429-00415696 Amorth hari Sikhs are those baptized
FvYg6U8QcQo-01717-00415697-00415846 with the amaranth have been strict
FvYg6U8QcQo-01718-00415847-00416056 vegetarians abstaining from all meat and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01719-00416057-00416289 eggs Sikhs who eat meat
FvYg6U8QcQo-01720-00416291-00416482 seek the jhatka method of producing meat
FvYg6U8QcQo-01721-00416483-00416664 believing it to cause less suffering to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01722-00416666-00416950 the animal the uninitiated seeks to are
FvYg6U8QcQo-01723-00416951-00417160 not habitual meat eaters by choice and
FvYg6U8QcQo-01724-00417160-00417370 beef cow meat has been a traditional to
FvYg6U8QcQo-01725-00417371-00417634 bill typically meat is not served in
FvYg6U8QcQo-01726-00417635-00417900 community free meals such as langar
FvYg6U8QcQo-01727-00417901-00418399 adultery is forbidden
FvYg6U8QcQo-01728-00418400-00418922 topic see also
FvYg6U8QcQo-01729-00418924-00419416 topic notes
FvYg6U8QcQo-01730-00419417-00419930 topic references
FvYg6U8QcQo-01731-00419931-00420443 topic further reading
FvYg6U8QcQo-01732-00420445-00420825 topic external links
FvYg6U8QcQo-01733-00420826-00421027 you
FvYg6U8QcQo-01734-00421028-00421396 sikhism encyclopedia britannica online
FvYg6U8QcQo-01735-00421397-00421652 Sikhism at Curley Information Center
FvYg6U8QcQo-01736-00421653-00421859 about the Sikh faith religion and ethics
FvYg6U8QcQo-01737-00421860-00422033 Sikhism a number of introductory
FvYg6U8QcQo-01738-00422034-00422420 articles on Sikhism from the BBC
FwRq5BNRTvU-00000-00000027-00000221 [Music]
FwRq5BNRTvU-00002-00003428-00003581 now
FwRq5BNRTvU-00003-00003582-00003911 Zaki
FwRq5BNRTvU-00004-00003911-00006377 like Independence
FwRq5BNRTvU-00005-00006378-00007127 foreign
FwRq5BNRTvU-00006-00007128-00010078 foreign
FwRq5BNRTvU-00007-00010079-00012719 foreign
FwRq5BNRTvU-00008-00012720-00014572 foreign
FwRq5BNRTvU-00009-00014573-00016670 foreign
FwRq5BNRTvU-00010-00016671-00016992 [Music]
FwcXB5d-oK4-00000-00000815-00001120 fantastic day planned for sure but we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00001-00001121-00001286 gonna start off with a fantastic talk
FwcXB5d-oK4-00002-00001287-00001537 from Caroline Clarke and she is going to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00003-00001538-00001660 be talking to us about quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00004-00001661-00001829 communications and how we're going to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00005-00001830-00002192 move out out of the lab into technology
FwcXB5d-oK4-00006-00002193-00002985 so take it away it's this floor is yours
FwcXB5d-oK4-00007-00002986-00003322 yeah Sibella yeah I think you said Joe
FwcXB5d-oK4-00008-00003323-00003650 um I I was worried that it might be the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00009-00003651-00003838 scruffy this person here cuz I just saw
FwcXB5d-oK4-00010-00003839-00003968 always wearing my trainer so then you
FwcXB5d-oK4-00011-00003969-00004363 spoke it it was like yes that's the one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00012-00004364-00004493 thing that's the best thing for me about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00013-00004494-00004649 working in tech as I never have to go to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00014-00004650-00004822 work in a suit and even if I'm
FwcXB5d-oK4-00015-00004823-00004976 interviewing could just throw on my
FwcXB5d-oK4-00016-00004977-00005315 jacket and no one notices I feel a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00017-00005316-00005452 little bit guilty about being in the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00018-00005453-00005702 tech track because my talk is not very
FwcXB5d-oK4-00019-00005703-00005884 techie and there are a couple of reasons
FwcXB5d-oK4-00020-00005885-00006086 for that one because I sort of committed
FwcXB5d-oK4-00021-00006087-00006275 to saying more than could fit into half
FwcXB5d-oK4-00022-00006276-00006452 an hour if I went really technical but
FwcXB5d-oK4-00023-00006453-00006656 also I'm a mechanical engineer and not a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00024-00006656-00006881 quantum physicist so if I start to go
FwcXB5d-oK4-00025-00006881-00007067 down the quantum tech route too much I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00026-00007068-00007244 get a bit out of my depth and I need to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00027-00007245-00007492 kind of pull myself back so I'm gonna
FwcXB5d-oK4-00028-00007493-00007774 keep well out of the way of that I've
FwcXB5d-oK4-00029-00007775-00007952 been working in quantum technology
FwcXB5d-oK4-00030-00007953-00008144 development for the past of five or six
FwcXB5d-oK4-00031-00008145-00008438 years now I've learned a lot of the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00032-00008439-00008699 vocab but that's just that's as far as
FwcXB5d-oK4-00033-00008700-00008951 it gets previous to that I was as a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00034-00008952-00009103 consultant in engineering I worked in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00035-00009104-00009374 ultrasonics and did signal processing so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00036-00009375-00009464 I've got a completely different
FwcXB5d-oK4-00037-00009465-00009671 background to this kind of stuff and I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00038-00009672-00009803 don't we get into that any more suddenly
FwcXB5d-oK4-00039-00009804-00010052 I manage people and money and our
FwcXB5d-oK4-00040-00010053-00010370 company so you might say to yourself
FwcXB5d-oK4-00041-00010371-00010646 well why have you come here to talk
FwcXB5d-oK4-00042-00010647-00010805 about quantum communications what are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00043-00010806-00010946 cons in communications
FwcXB5d-oK4-00044-00010947-00011153 I kind of feel a little bit of a fraud
FwcXB5d-oK4-00045-00011154-00011285 after your talks I'm going to say some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00046-00011286-00011455 of the same things that you did around
FwcXB5d-oK4-00047-00011456-00011687 we live in this increasingly connected
FwcXB5d-oK4-00048-00011688-00011909 world we transfer information from one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00049-00011910-00012119 place to another on a regular basis we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00050-00012120-00012320 secure our financial information medical
FwcXB5d-oK4-00051-00012321-00012496 records and all sorts of other things
FwcXB5d-oK4-00052-00012497-00012833 and we use encryption to do that Andrea
FwcXB5d-oK4-00053-00012834-00013024 we we've done that for many many years
FwcXB5d-oK4-00054-00013025-00013288 back to Roman times and beyond
FwcXB5d-oK4-00055-00013290-00013460 and the way we do that now it's really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00056-00013461-00013607 really good so our stuff is mostly
FwcXB5d-oK4-00057-00013608-00013841 secured and occasionally it gets hacked
FwcXB5d-oK4-00058-00013841-00014200 of course but it does rely on on really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00059-00014201-00014480 hard maths and the fact that the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00060-00014481-00014630 computers that we have around today
FwcXB5d-oK4-00061-00014631-00014843 struggle to solve these really really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00062-00014844-00015068 hard maths problems of course these
FwcXB5d-oK4-00063-00015069-00015194 computers are getting faster and faster
FwcXB5d-oK4-00064-00015194-00015503 and hackers and and threat actors or
FwcXB5d-oK4-00065-00015504-00015625 what if you want to call them a becoming
FwcXB5d-oK4-00066-00015626-00015869 more sophisticated so there will still
FwcXB5d-oK4-00067-00015869-00016175 be threats in the future and one of the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00068-00016176-00016400 main things that's coming that is going
FwcXB5d-oK4-00069-00016401-00016672 to cause us a problem are quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00070-00016673-00016892 computers so whilst we're a quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00071-00016893-00017093 company we're not developing contem
FwcXB5d-oK4-00072-00017094-00017327 computers I should say and I have some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00073-00017328-00017461 former colleagues out in the state so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00074-00017462-00017561 we're doing that sort of stuff and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00075-00017562-00017731 they've raised a shed load of money to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00076-00017732-00017942 do it and Google
FwcXB5d-oK4-00077-00017943-00018266 others many many many startups around
FwcXB5d-oK4-00078-00018267-00018443 the world are raising hundreds of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00079-00018444-00018619 millions of dollars and pounds to build
FwcXB5d-oK4-00080-00018620-00018905 quantum computers there are differing
FwcXB5d-oK4-00081-00018906-00019091 views as to when they'll actually be
FwcXB5d-oK4-00082-00019092-00019258 here and when there will actually be a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00083-00019259-00019522 problem for us whether it is getting
FwcXB5d-oK4-00084-00019523-00019886 nearer and within the next let's say
FwcXB5d-oK4-00085-00019887-00020030 five to ten years someone will have
FwcXB5d-oK4-00086-00020031-00020171 built one that can break some of these
FwcXB5d-oK4-00087-00020172-00020612 hard maths problems I don't know how
FwcXB5d-oK4-00088-00020613-00020722 much you know about these kind of things
FwcXB5d-oK4-00089-00020723-00020961 so I'm gonna go with the basic level of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00090-00020962-00021172 computers that we have today solve
FwcXB5d-oK4-00091-00021173-00021461 problems in series so they're gonna try
FwcXB5d-oK4-00092-00021462-00021655 and answer it doesn't work I'm gonna try
FwcXB5d-oK4-00093-00021656-00021794 another one and try another one and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00094-00021795-00021914 another one so it takes quite a long
FwcXB5d-oK4-00095-00021915-00022168 time to try many many answers a quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00096-00022169-00022462 computer processes information using
FwcXB5d-oK4-00097-00022463-00022697 qubits which are ones and zeros at the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00098-00022698-00023056 same time blows your mind but they can
FwcXB5d-oK4-00099-00023057-00023212 therefore process information in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00100-00023213-00023393 parallel so all of that stuff that I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00101-00023394-00023597 would have to do in series they can do
FwcXB5d-oK4-00102-00023598-00023780 all at once so they can break stuff much
FwcXB5d-oK4-00103-00023781-00023986 faster but then what you do once
FwcXB5d-oK4-00104-00023987-00024172 someone's got that and they can break
FwcXB5d-oK4-00105-00024173-00024383 are even you know that our most secure
FwcXB5d-oK4-00106-00024384-00024808 encryption do we just not send stuff do
FwcXB5d-oK4-00107-00024809-00024955 we go back to some sort of Dark Age
FwcXB5d-oK4-00108-00024956-00025168 where we send pigeons and we send
FwcXB5d-oK4-00109-00025169-00025336 letters across the Atlantic and all that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00110-00025337-00025597 kind of stuff well you'd hope not so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00111-00025598-00025799 there are companies like ours and others
FwcXB5d-oK4-00112-00025800-00026027 that are trying to kind of get ahead I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00113-00026027-00026170 suppose and solve these problems and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00114-00026171-00026290 thinking about how we might solve them
FwcXB5d-oK4-00115-00026291-00026625 in the future and that's where
FwcXB5d-oK4-00116-00026626-00026901 our company cats comes in we're a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00117-00026902-00027183 startup we spun out of the University of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00118-00027183-00027297 Bristol although technically we're a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00119-00027298-00027492 startup and not spin out University
FwcXB5d-oK4-00120-00027493-00028074 contracts related difficulties we we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00121-00028075-00028314 developing hardware solutions we started
FwcXB5d-oK4-00122-00028314-00028668 off three years ago with a an IKE your
FwcXB5d-oK4-00123-00028669-00029067 program we did a lot basic marketing
FwcXB5d-oK4-00124-00029068-00029270 through that we we were really lucky and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00125-00029272-00029406 we won the university new enterprise
FwcXB5d-oK4-00126-00029407-00029643 competition which gave us a little bit
FwcXB5d-oK4-00127-00029644-00029913 of cash and membership of set squared
FwcXB5d-oK4-00128-00029914-00030030 which of course you have down here next
FwcXB5d-oK4-00129-00030031-00030201 to as well and as a superb organization
FwcXB5d-oK4-00130-00030202-00030411 for getting stuff out of universities
FwcXB5d-oK4-00131-00030412-00030657 and commercializing it we got a little
FwcXB5d-oK4-00132-00030658-00030833 bit of money from a contract and so we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00133-00030835-00031104 said he got cracking there were four of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00134-00031105-00031317 us for a long time in the company until
FwcXB5d-oK4-00135-00031318-00031605 last year when we raised some investment
FwcXB5d-oK4-00136-00031606-00031860 we had around two million pounds a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00137-00031861-00032037 mixture of equity investment and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00138-00032038-00032289 innovate UK R&D funding to kind of start
FwcXB5d-oK4-00139-00032289-00032529 getting our stuff moving and that's
FwcXB5d-oK4-00140-00032530-00032742 that's kind of who we are and we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00141-00032743-00032949 primarily developing hardware solutions
FwcXB5d-oK4-00142-00032950-00033210 so there are two trains of thought with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00143-00033211-00033399 with the quantum communications in terms
FwcXB5d-oK4-00144-00033400-00033612 of fighting this quantum threat one is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00145-00033613-00033780 you build hardware and you install that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00146-00033781-00033954 in all of your infrastructure and then
FwcXB5d-oK4-00147-00033955-00034224 solve it that way or the other cheaper
FwcXB5d-oK4-00148-00034225-00034380 of course is you build software
FwcXB5d-oK4-00149-00034381-00034632 solutions algorithms people call these
FwcXB5d-oK4-00150-00034633-00034914 post quantum algorithms and actually
FwcXB5d-oK4-00151-00034915-00035142 what we think is there's probably some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00152-00035143-00035304 kind of combined solution so whilst
FwcXB5d-oK4-00153-00035305-00035589 we're developing Hardware now we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00154-00035590-00035751 talking to post quantum companies and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00155-00035752-00035904 partners who can work with us so that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00156-00035905-00036147 we've developed some sort of combined
FwcXB5d-oK4-00157-00036148-00036303 solution and that's more likely to be
FwcXB5d-oK4-00158-00036304-00036705 what happens but the challenge still is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00159-00036706-00036960 how you get it out of the lab the work
FwcXB5d-oK4-00160-00036961-00037233 that we do is based on 20 years worth of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00161-00037234-00037431 awesome research at the University of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00162-00037432-00037827 Bristol and taking huge lab sized
FwcXB5d-oK4-00163-00037828-00038025 experiments and shrinking them down onto
FwcXB5d-oK4-00164-00038026-00038283 a single photonic chip sort of size of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00165-00038284-00038568 my little fingernail and that's kind of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00166-00038569-00038730 where we got to a couple years ago we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00167-00038731-00038991 had our chips and you could have one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00168-00038992-00039249 over here and one over here if you had a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00169-00039250-00039402 fire Bell tick connection between them
FwcXB5d-oK4-00170-00039403-00039531 you could encrypt some information and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00171-00039532-00039735 send a secure key down them we do that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00172-00039736-00039990 using single particles of light
FwcXB5d-oK4-00173-00039991-00040341 and we encode keys on them our challenge
FwcXB5d-oK4-00174-00040342-00040542 has been how do you turn these two chips
FwcXB5d-oK4-00175-00040543-00040800 that are effectively on life support in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00176-00040801-00041010 a lab hooks up to all sorts of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00177-00041011-00041142 electronic test and measurement
FwcXB5d-oK4-00178-00041143-00041337 equipment or control equipment and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00179-00041338-00041505 turning in something that kind of looks
FwcXB5d-oK4-00180-00041506-00041721 like a product I suppose so like I said
FwcXB5d-oK4-00181-00041722-00041880 we started off on that arcuate program
FwcXB5d-oK4-00182-00041881-00042117 we we got a little bit of money from the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00183-00042118-00042333 University of Bristol we've raised a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00184-00042334-00042453 little bit investment we've sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00185-00042454-00042654 pulled together a team and actually one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00186-00042655-00042795 of the greatest challenges in terms of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00187-00042796-00043014 pulling together a team is finding the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00188-00043015-00043176 engineers that can work with our quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00189-00043177-00043458 folk and and shrink a lot of that lab
FwcXB5d-oK4-00190-00043459-00043635 stuff onto something that looks more
FwcXB5d-oK4-00191-00043636-00043791 like something you and I would associate
FwcXB5d-oK4-00192-00043792-00044222 with being a product and it's expensive
FwcXB5d-oK4-00193-00044223-00044472 our chip looks is it's how a pointy
FwcXB5d-oK4-00194-00044473-00044559 thing oh yeah
FwcXB5d-oK4-00195-00044560-00044937 this is one of our chips we're building
FwcXB5d-oK4-00196-00044938-00045099 this is a quantum random number
FwcXB5d-oK4-00197-00045100-00045363 generator chip so even the current
FwcXB5d-oK4-00198-00045364-00045617 encryption systems use random numbers
FwcXB5d-oK4-00199-00045618-00045924 which are treated in many many different
FwcXB5d-oK4-00200-00045925-00046338 ways but we use photonic systems to to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00201-00046339-00046547 create quantum random numbers which are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00202-00046548-00046764 scientifically and haven't named random
FwcXB5d-oK4-00203-00046765-00046998 and these are some of the pictures from
FwcXB5d-oK4-00204-00046999-00047208 our lab when you've mined you've only
FwcXB5d-oK4-00205-00047209-00047454 got stuff in a lab with balls like this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00206-00047455-00047580 you've got this weak hard to find pretty
FwcXB5d-oK4-00207-00047581-00047775 pictures of what you do this is our
FwcXB5d-oK4-00208-00047776-00048165 what's is one of our quantum qkv quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00209-00048166-00048467 key distribution chips that's the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00210-00048468-00048666 transmitter yeah that's the transmitter
FwcXB5d-oK4-00211-00048667-00048960 chip I think it's about three by one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00212-00048961-00049185 meal and that's kind of where we were
FwcXB5d-oK4-00213-00049186-00049413 about a year ago we've got money
FwcXB5d-oK4-00214-00049414-00049755 we've got people got time and and then
FwcXB5d-oK4-00215-00049756-00049896 we saw you turning into something that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00216-00049897-00050196 looks more like a product this is a are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00217-00050197-00050325 queuing our energy system and although
FwcXB5d-oK4-00218-00050326-00050658 these two clearly are renders actually
FwcXB5d-oK4-00219-00050659-00050925 we just got that board back yesterday
FwcXB5d-oK4-00220-00050926-00051198 from a great look company in Bristol
FwcXB5d-oK4-00221-00051199-00051402 called Kubek who do prototyping and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00222-00051403-00051692 electronic systems and they've they've
FwcXB5d-oK4-00223-00051694-00052002 populated the PCB for us so for example
FwcXB5d-oK4-00224-00052003-00052133 of you know collaborating work with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00225-00052134-00052395 people that are local yeah that's come
FwcXB5d-oK4-00226-00052396-00052623 back now and we now starting to move
FwcXB5d-oK4-00227-00052624-00052716 towards something that actually looks
FwcXB5d-oK4-00228-00052716-00052926 like a product rather than a lab based
FwcXB5d-oK4-00229-00052927-00053269 experiment how am i doing timewise Oh
FwcXB5d-oK4-00230-00053270-00053786 um our um our qkd kit looks not not
FwcXB5d-oK4-00231-00053787-00053957 dissimilar to this but there are two of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00232-00053958-00054316 them rather than one I'm we can't do it
FwcXB5d-oK4-00233-00054317-00054434 on our own
FwcXB5d-oK4-00234-00054435-00054674 as we know that you have to partner and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00235-00054675-00055112 collaborate with lots of people and some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00236-00055113-00055319 of the people that were working with are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00237-00055320-00055604 bt Airbus and Tallis we've we've just
FwcXB5d-oK4-00238-00055604-00055798 completed an innovate UK project with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00239-00055799-00056045 Airbus ourselves the University of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00240-00056046-00056384 Bristol among others to demonstrate this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00241-00056385-00056633 kind of technology from a drone to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00242-00056634-00056969 ground station so whilst I said the the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00243-00056970-00057194 comms link had to be five rotc actually
FwcXB5d-oK4-00244-00057195-00057338 it can be free space so you can shine
FwcXB5d-oK4-00245-00057339-00057632 light as you can see through free space
FwcXB5d-oK4-00246-00057633-00057884 as long as you can pick up the single
FwcXB5d-oK4-00247-00057885-00058225 photons within that you can still do qkd
FwcXB5d-oK4-00248-00058226-00058426 that was a really really successful
FwcXB5d-oK4-00249-00058427-00058673 partnership and ultimately the sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00250-00058674-00058772 things that Airbus would want to see
FwcXB5d-oK4-00251-00058773-00058917 this used in our satellite applications
FwcXB5d-oK4-00252-00058919-00059254 and similar we're currently working with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00253-00059255-00059611 BT and a bunch of others including
FwcXB5d-oK4-00254-00059612-00059933 Toshiba and dashboard who are based here
FwcXB5d-oK4-00255-00059934-00060479 in Exeter and working with them on more
FwcXB5d-oK4-00256-00060479-00061001 general applications for our qkd looking
FwcXB5d-oK4-00257-00061002-00061192 at what end-users might need looking at
FwcXB5d-oK4-00258-00061194-00061364 the whole sort of change I guess from
FwcXB5d-oK4-00259-00061365-00061610 people developing devices people putting
FwcXB5d-oK4-00260-00061611-00061766 together what we're doing is are some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00261-00061766-00062015 systems then BT looking at the network
FwcXB5d-oK4-00262-00062016-00062312 infrastructure and people like dashboard
FwcXB5d-oK4-00263-00062313-00062513 BP and others looking at how they might
FwcXB5d-oK4-00264-00062514-00062678 use it in the things that they build and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00265-00062679-00063002 supply to their customers and most
FwcXB5d-oK4-00266-00063003-00063311 recently we rejoined Tallis on their
FwcXB5d-oK4-00267-00063312-00063592 cyber at station F program which is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00268-00063594-00063887 based in in Paris they run a competition
FwcXB5d-oK4-00269-00063888-00064148 for small companies to join them you go
FwcXB5d-oK4-00270-00064149-00064354 through I think it's a nine-month
FwcXB5d-oK4-00271-00064355-00064619 program with the first few months being
FwcXB5d-oK4-00272-00064620-00064792 working with them and working with their
FwcXB5d-oK4-00273-00064794-00065069 various global business units to come up
FwcXB5d-oK4-00274-00065070-00065317 with a project that you then take
FwcXB5d-oK4-00275-00065319-00065441 forward in the second half of the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00276-00065441-00065675 program so we're looking to work with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00277-00065676-00065936 them on securing things like hardware
FwcXB5d-oK4-00278-00065937-00066310 security modules or similar
FwcXB5d-oK4-00279-00066311-00066500 we're really lucky to work with these
FwcXB5d-oK4-00280-00066501-00066674 kind of partners I think for us from
FwcXB5d-oK4-00281-00066675-00066881 from a I did say we'll talk about the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00282-00066882-00067109 challenges around developing this kind
FwcXB5d-oK4-00283-00067110-00067442 of company when you we're young we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00284-00067443-00067742 lacking resources in many ways it's a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00285-00067743-00068015 it's it's becoming very clear to us that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00286-00068016-00068132 if we're going to be successful we have
FwcXB5d-oK4-00287-00068133-00068321 to partner with someone like one of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00288-00068322-00068477 these big companies to take our products
FwcXB5d-oK4-00289-00068478-00068711 forward and and help us find the right
FwcXB5d-oK4-00290-00068712-00069146 customers in terms of where we sit in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00291-00069147-00069401 the UK landscape for us in particular
FwcXB5d-oK4-00292-00069402-00069658 and now is a really really good time the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00293-00069659-00070010 government invested 240 million in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00294-00070011-00070187 quantum technology development about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00295-00070188-00070433 five years ago and that investments kind
FwcXB5d-oK4-00296-00070434-00070565 of starting to come to fruition now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00297-00070566-00070730 you've got companies like ours and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00298-00070731-00070859 similar sort of popping out of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00299-00070860-00070955 universities and starting to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00300-00070956-00071156 commercialize research but they've now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00301-00071157-00071444 thrown some more money in which has
FwcXB5d-oK4-00302-00071445-00071633 taken the total investment in quantum in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00303-00071634-00071906 the UK to a billion so that's a mixture
FwcXB5d-oK4-00304-00071907-00072119 of government investment and then
FwcXB5d-oK4-00305-00072120-00072380 industry match funding they're kind of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00306-00072381-00072623 churning out money by the industrial
FwcXB5d-oK4-00307-00072624-00072767 strategy Challenge Fund at the minute
FwcXB5d-oK4-00308-00072768-00073022 and there's a call-out at the minute for
FwcXB5d-oK4-00309-00073023-00073535 projects for the next wave of funding so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00310-00073536-00073882 for us it's a particularly good time
FwcXB5d-oK4-00311-00073883-00074165 it's awesome yes it's also a good time
FwcXB5d-oK4-00312-00074166-00074369 to be an entrepreneur in this kind of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00313-00074370-00074837 environment and one of the reasons for
FwcXB5d-oK4-00314-00074838-00075109 that is because we live in southwest
FwcXB5d-oK4-00315-00075110-00075335 there are a lot of companies kind of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00316-00075336-00075602 starting off this is probably update now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00317-00075603-00075689 but there are a lot of companies
FwcXB5d-oK4-00318-00075690-00075929 starting up in column tech now and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00319-00075930-00076216 raising in obscene amounts of money
FwcXB5d-oK4-00320-00076217-00076457 unfortunately not as much coming our way
FwcXB5d-oK4-00321-00076458-00076685 as we would have liked but some of these
FwcXB5d-oK4-00322-00076686-00076859 are raising hundreds of millions of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00323-00076860-00077039 dollars for their seed investment round
FwcXB5d-oK4-00324-00077040-00077282 but this is a good place to do this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00325-00077283-00077522 obviously I've come from Bristol and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00326-00077523-00077735 that's what I know and there's plenty of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00327-00077736-00077972 stuff going on down here in Exeter with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00328-00077973-00078095 a set square program but there's quite a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00329-00078096-00078428 lot of work in the university on Colin
FwcXB5d-oK4-00330-00078429-00078607 comms and quantum sorry quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00331-00078608-00078911 computing and Bristol Bristol
FwcXB5d-oK4-00332-00078912-00079079 collaborates with folk down here as well
FwcXB5d-oK4-00333-00079080-00079247 so the Southwest is a particularly good
FwcXB5d-oK4-00334-00079248-00079601 area in which to do this and Bristol in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00335-00079602-00079648 particular
FwcXB5d-oK4-00336-00079649-00079837 I know about because it was a I was
FwcXB5d-oK4-00337-00079838-00079975 working in this field before I moved
FwcXB5d-oK4-00338-00079976-00080167 into ket so I want to give you a little
FwcXB5d-oK4-00339-00080168-00080308 bit of a flavor of what's going on in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00340-00080309-00080542 this area to kind of inject some life
FwcXB5d-oK4-00341-00080543-00080794 and to grow this kind of ecosystem which
FwcXB5d-oK4-00342-00080795-00080968 of course we say a lot but you do need
FwcXB5d-oK4-00343-00080969-00081174 to have in order for these companies to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00344-00081175-00081376 appear and develop and grow and be
FwcXB5d-oK4-00345-00081377-00081718 successful and there's a whole
FwcXB5d-oK4-00346-00081719-00082018 collection of stuff going on at the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00347-00082019-00082128 University of Bristol in particular
FwcXB5d-oK4-00348-00082129-00082576 which is creating this kind of pipeline
FwcXB5d-oK4-00349-00082577-00082963 I guess of companies the quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00350-00082964-00083127 engineering technology labs which is a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00351-00083128-00083374 which she's kept labs for short this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00352-00083375-00083686 just looks like a whole wad of acronyms
FwcXB5d-oK4-00353-00083687-00083872 but this seems to be the field in which
FwcXB5d-oK4-00354-00083873-00084151 we work there's acronyms everywhere um
FwcXB5d-oK4-00355-00084152-00084394 once you break down the pieces it's easy
FwcXB5d-oK4-00356-00084395-00084535 to see how you add all these things
FwcXB5d-oK4-00357-00084536-00084790 together to become a really nice
FwcXB5d-oK4-00358-00084791-00084955 ecosystem you also have of course
FwcXB5d-oK4-00359-00084956-00085117 besides all of this stuff things like
FwcXB5d-oK4-00360-00085118-00085347 set squared and silicon Gorge and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00361-00085348-00085681 Southwest semiconductor people and the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00362-00085682-00085840 cyber cyber clusters that are around
FwcXB5d-oK4-00363-00085841-00086026 this area as well if we break it down
FwcXB5d-oK4-00364-00086027-00086230 and now I talked through maybe a couple
FwcXB5d-oK4-00365-00086231-00086325 of these things
FwcXB5d-oK4-00366-00086326-00086638 there's the quantum engineering
FwcXB5d-oK4-00367-00086639-00086767 technology labs pulling all of this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00368-00086768-00086962 stuff together but it consists of the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00369-00086963-00087112 quantum engineering CDT which is the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00370-00087113-00087474 Center for doctoral training training
FwcXB5d-oK4-00371-00087475-00087733 students in quantum engineering so they
FwcXB5d-oK4-00372-00087734-00087912 don't just take physicists they take
FwcXB5d-oK4-00373-00087913-00088315 engineers they take computer scientists
FwcXB5d-oK4-00374-00088316-00088516 they take mathematicians they spend a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00375-00088517-00088990 year as a cohort learning and the basics
FwcXB5d-oK4-00376-00088991-00089293 of quantum mechanics and and the various
FwcXB5d-oK4-00377-00089294-00089476 things that sort of kind of fit around
FwcXB5d-oK4-00378-00089477-00089668 that and then they do they're at their
FwcXB5d-oK4-00379-00089669-00089950 PhD project and that's now in its second
FwcXB5d-oK4-00380-00089951-00090088 set of funding actually so there are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00381-00090089-00090421 probably 40 PhD qualified people
FwcXB5d-oK4-00382-00090422-00090643 wandering around now and popping out of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00383-00090644-00090805 that sort of picking up the jobs that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00384-00090806-00091216 are appearing from these companies the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00385-00091217-00091351 thing that sort of started it all in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00386-00091352-00091477 Bristol was the Center for quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00387-00091478-00091771 photonics and that was a collaboration
FwcXB5d-oK4-00388-00091772-00092073 between three or four academics who
FwcXB5d-oK4-00389-00092074-00092353 historically had done photonic related
FwcXB5d-oK4-00390-00092354-00092509 research they've sort of started doing
FwcXB5d-oK4-00391-00092510-00092932 some quantum stuff and they brought
FwcXB5d-oK4-00392-00092933-00093031 together
FwcXB5d-oK4-00393-00093032-00093247 some integrated knowledge and the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00394-00093248-00093562 quantum tech knowledge and then sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00395-00093563-00093679 doing things on ships so they needed
FwcXB5d-oK4-00396-00093680-00093937 less space maybe the University like
FwcXB5d-oK4-00397-00093938-00094054 them because they didn't need as much
FwcXB5d-oK4-00398-00094055-00094453 lab space but they took big big optical
FwcXB5d-oK4-00399-00094454-00094588 table-based experiments and turn them
FwcXB5d-oK4-00400-00094589-00094735 into chips and that was a really key
FwcXB5d-oK4-00401-00094736-00094960 thing for for this and that was and that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00402-00094961-00095116 was the thing that really spun all of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00403-00095117-00095482 the rest of this the quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00404-00095483-00095662 communications and quantum enhanced
FwcXB5d-oK4-00405-00095663-00095923 imaging hubs are part of the UK network
FwcXB5d-oK4-00406-00095924-00096040 so there are four hubs around the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00407-00096041-00096322 country focused on different aspects of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00408-00096323-00096559 quantum technology Bristol is a big part
FwcXB5d-oK4-00409-00096560-00096874 of both the communications hub and the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00410-00096875-00097048 imaging hub there's also a quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00411-00097049-00097218 computing hub which is based on Oxford
FwcXB5d-oK4-00412-00097219-00097513 and sensing hub which is based in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00413-00097514-00097798 Birmingham these hubs have just been
FwcXB5d-oK4-00414-00097799-00097972 refunded actually I think they're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00415-00097973-00098095 funding starts again in December so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00416-00098096-00098209 they're gonna do another five years
FwcXB5d-oK4-00417-00098210-00098395 worth of research which in theory is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00418-00098396-00098611 focused on higher level TRL stuff so
FwcXB5d-oK4-00419-00098612-00098800 that it can be spun out and turned into
FwcXB5d-oK4-00420-00098801-00099463 companies this is a this is a this is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00421-00099464-00099604 one that people a lot of people don't
FwcXB5d-oK4-00422-00099605-00099742 know about and the content photonic
FwcXB5d-oK4-00423-00099743-00099934 integrated circuits program so this was
FwcXB5d-oK4-00424-00099935-00100411 a capital investment to create some sort
FwcXB5d-oK4-00425-00100412-00100903 of prototyping and chip development
FwcXB5d-oK4-00426-00100904-00101056 program within the university so you get
FwcXB5d-oK4-00427-00101057-00101248 something quite quickly quite fast and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00428-00101249-00101482 have to wait for a foundry for six
FwcXB5d-oK4-00429-00101483-00101629 months to produce your chip but they
FwcXB5d-oK4-00430-00101630-00101914 could turn around a test piece quite
FwcXB5d-oK4-00431-00101915-00102115 quickly and that's that's up and running
FwcXB5d-oK4-00432-00102116-00102373 now so if if anybody needs integrated
FwcXB5d-oK4-00433-00102374-00102565 photonic chips or they need help
FwcXB5d-oK4-00434-00102566-00102721 designing them to make them do quantum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00435-00102722-00102894 related stuff the university can can
FwcXB5d-oK4-00436-00102895-00103216 help with that sort of thing it's it's
FwcXB5d-oK4-00437-00103217-00103489 not just for universities it's for
FwcXB5d-oK4-00438-00103490-00103707 commercial organisations and others but
FwcXB5d-oK4-00439-00103708-00103897 and they can do fast prototyping and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00440-00103898-00104254 packaging and a more recent addition to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00441-00104255-00104556 this family of activity qtek I'm going
FwcXB5d-oK4-00442-00104557-00104769 to talk about a little bit in them in a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00443-00104770-00104934 minute so I want to quickly skip that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00444-00104935-00105172 pass but that's been that's been really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00445-00105173-00105309 helpful for ket's in terms of moving
FwcXB5d-oK4-00446-00105310-00105640 forwards and then finally the kaanum
FwcXB5d-oK4-00447-00105641-00105786 Technology Innovation Centre is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00448-00105788-00105946 something that's a more recent addition
FwcXB5d-oK4-00449-00105947-00106282 and I think it's about 50 million pounds
FwcXB5d-oK4-00450-00106283-00106345 of investment
FwcXB5d-oK4-00451-00106346-00106614 to build an accelerator in Bristol to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00452-00106615-00106809 bring a lot of these partner companies
FwcXB5d-oK4-00453-00106810-00107044 together as well as the startups to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00454-00107045-00107229 again just build that next bit of the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00455-00107230-00107403 ecosystem and that next bit of the story
FwcXB5d-oK4-00456-00107404-00107608 to allow these companies to scale and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00457-00107608-00107818 grow it's all very well them sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00458-00107819-00107926 spinning out and popping out but where
FwcXB5d-oK4-00459-00107927-00108111 do they go next of course we also want
FwcXB5d-oK4-00460-00108113-00108268 to keep them in the southwest and in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00461-00108269-00108585 Bristol they're sharing stuff with the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00462-00108586-00108765 University and they've got a pilot
FwcXB5d-oK4-00463-00108766-00109110 program running now already in in a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00464-00109111-00109251 building in the center of town and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00465-00109252-00109452 that's where off our offices based we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00466-00109453-00109602 vent some office and lab space from them
FwcXB5d-oK4-00467-00109603-00109941 at the minute I'm the idea of all of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00468-00109942-00110109 that I guess is that it adds up to some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00469-00110110-00110502 really high skilled people a pipeline
FwcXB5d-oK4-00470-00110503-00110731 for a really good innovative research to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00471-00110732-00110872 kind of come through and turn into
FwcXB5d-oK4-00472-00110873-00111232 commercial opportunities and it also
FwcXB5d-oK4-00473-00111233-00111496 kind of as it always does it creates
FwcXB5d-oK4-00474-00111497-00111631 more opportunities for more funding for
FwcXB5d-oK4-00475-00111632-00111757 the people and the academics that are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00476-00111758-00112057 working in it but you know we've left
FwcXB5d-oK4-00477-00112058-00112479 that behind now and we're doing the sort
FwcXB5d-oK4-00478-00112480-00112578 of thing that these companies that are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00479-00112579-00112750 going through the Q Tech program are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00480-00112751-00113004 doing whew Tech is a partnership between
FwcXB5d-oK4-00481-00113005-00113316 the university ups RC and a bunch of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00482-00113317-00113632 other people including Cranfield
FwcXB5d-oK4-00483-00113633-00113944 University the program started running
FwcXB5d-oK4-00484-00113945-00114285 in 2016 our CTO Phil went through the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00485-00114286-00114556 program I think that year actually is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00486-00114557-00114775 one of the first Fellows and the idea of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00487-00114776-00114925 the program is to take people who've
FwcXB5d-oK4-00488-00114926-00115284 done science degrees or similar trained
FwcXB5d-oK4-00489-00115285-00115450 them in business and entrepreneurship
FwcXB5d-oK4-00490-00115451-00115849 for a year and they also get paid this
FwcXB5d-oK4-00491-00115850-00116056 is quite unique about this thing you get
FwcXB5d-oK4-00492-00116057-00116251 paid about 28,000 pounds to go through
FwcXB5d-oK4-00493-00116252-00116488 the program so you don't really have to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00494-00116489-00116896 make any sacrifices it's win-win you get
FwcXB5d-oK4-00495-00116897-00117193 taken through various things as part of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00496-00117194-00117360 the program you learn about IP learn
FwcXB5d-oK4-00497-00117361-00117568 about business models you learn about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00498-00117569-00117856 how to set up your company you learn
FwcXB5d-oK4-00499-00117857-00118156 about raising capital investment you do
FwcXB5d-oK4-00500-00118157-00118440 lots of pitch practice it's a sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00501-00118441-00118710 mini MBA for quantum people actually and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00502-00118711-00118851 this year they've they've started
FwcXB5d-oK4-00503-00118852-00119056 broaden in that actually they do pretty
FwcXB5d-oK4-00504-00119057-00119299 much any deep tech including bioscience
FwcXB5d-oK4-00505-00119300-00119490 so you can almost be anything and get in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00506-00119491-00119628 this program at the minute
FwcXB5d-oK4-00507-00119629-00119829 they've got a gorgeous office right next
FwcXB5d-oK4-00508-00119830-00120105 to ours and free coffee and stuff so you
FwcXB5d-oK4-00509-00120106-00120399 can't really complain it's really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00510-00120400-00120579 successful though I think they're in one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00511-00120580-00120753 of the final cohorts that's funded
FwcXB5d-oK4-00512-00120754-00121104 through the EPSRC engineering physical
FwcXB5d-oK4-00513-00121105-00121419 sciences council funded bit and then
FwcXB5d-oK4-00514-00121420-00121563 they're looking to privately fund it
FwcXB5d-oK4-00515-00121564-00121863 from now on and grow it into something
FwcXB5d-oK4-00516-00121864-00122064 more than it is now but it's really
FwcXB5d-oK4-00517-00122065-00122370 successful and they've spun out quite a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00518-00122371-00122706 few companies from it some figures from
FwcXB5d-oK4-00519-00122707-00122922 them there there are I think they've got
FwcXB5d-oK4-00520-00122923-00123086 about nine people in the program at the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00521-00123088-00123126 minute
FwcXB5d-oK4-00522-00123127-00123361 they've already graduated about eleven
FwcXB5d-oK4-00523-00123363-00123564 they've got a total of seventeen
FwcXB5d-oK4-00524-00123565-00123747 companies that have been formed during
FwcXB5d-oK4-00525-00123748-00124058 it and those companies have raised a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00526-00124059-00124326 mixture of investment money innovate UK
FwcXB5d-oK4-00527-00124327-00124614 R&D funding and they've of course sold
FwcXB5d-oK4-00528-00124615-00124784 stuff to customers to tune of about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00529-00124785-00124992 eleven and a half million pounds the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00530-00124993-00125355 program itself was about four million
FwcXB5d-oK4-00531-00125356-00125625 pounds of investment from EPSRC so they
FwcXB5d-oK4-00532-00125626-00125708 didn't pretty well they've got about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00533-00125709-00126035 three times what they what came in now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00534-00126036-00126233 so and that number is going up so in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00535-00126234-00126375 terms of return on investment it's doing
FwcXB5d-oK4-00536-00126376-00126429 pretty well
FwcXB5d-oK4-00537-00126430-00126768 and it's created 32 new jobs for not
FwcXB5d-oK4-00538-00126769-00126884 just Brazil but there are some people
FwcXB5d-oK4-00539-00126885-00127034 kind of scattered around the country and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00540-00127035-00127218 I think there's one guy who's set up in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00541-00127219-00127932 the in the u.s. that's there's more to
FwcXB5d-oK4-00542-00127933-00128258 say on us and what's going on in Bristol
FwcXB5d-oK4-00543-00128259-00128529 and and I haven't particularly gone into
FwcXB5d-oK4-00544-00128530-00128757 much detail and I know I've skimmed the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00545-00128758-00128988 surface but I wanted to give a sort of I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00546-00128989-00129213 guess a broad flavor of what's going on
FwcXB5d-oK4-00547-00129214-00129414 in Bristol who we are and what we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00548-00129415-00129657 doing and if anybody wants to know in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00549-00129658-00129923 any more of that stuff in detail I'm
FwcXB5d-oK4-00550-00129924-00130221 around for the day and very happy to sit
FwcXB5d-oK4-00551-00130222-00130334 enough coffee and chat to people about
FwcXB5d-oK4-00552-00130335-00130788 what we do or equally by email so we can
FwcXB5d-oK4-00553-00130789-00131028 do that and I think I may be under my
FwcXB5d-oK4-00554-00131029-00131319 time which has helped you catch up and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00555-00131320-00131499 and therefore maybe there's time for one
FwcXB5d-oK4-00556-00131500-00131652 or two questions if yeah does anybody
FwcXB5d-oK4-00557-00131653-00131796 have any questions that they would like
FwcXB5d-oK4-00558-00131797-00132099 to ask Caroline they can get the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00559-00132100-00132973 microphone stylus time
FwcXB5d-oK4-00560-00132974-00133477 aussies about half and half yeah we took
FwcXB5d-oK4-00561-00133478-00133741 we raised our seed money last year so we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00562-00133742-00133961 closed it all off in the summer and it
FwcXB5d-oK4-00563-00133962-00134114 was about half and half and we will run
FwcXB5d-oK4-00564-00134115-00134306 out of money next summer so we are
FwcXB5d-oK4-00565-00134307-00134491 looking now to know how we put together
FwcXB5d-oK4-00566-00134492-00134696 a plan for the next lot of funding and I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00567-00134697-00134834 suspect the ratio will be quite
FwcXB5d-oK4-00568-00134835-00135056 different at that point it might be more
FwcXB5d-oK4-00569-00135057-00135440 like ten to one in terms of private
FwcXB5d-oK4-00570-00135441-00135662 investment versus the R&D partly because
FwcXB5d-oK4-00571-00135663-00135827 we'll be more commercial at that point
FwcXB5d-oK4-00572-00135828-00136076 and we won't be we won't really have the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00573-00136077-00136364 resources to plow as much into the R&D
FwcXB5d-oK4-00574-00136365-00136550 stuff but from the point of view of an
FwcXB5d-oK4-00575-00136551-00136895 early company the innovate UK money
FwcXB5d-oK4-00576-00136896-00137156 really helped us and a bump up what we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00577-00137157-00137576 took from invest investors but it meant
FwcXB5d-oK4-00578-00137577-00137696 that we sort of we almost ploughed
FwcXB5d-oK4-00579-00137697-00137860 everything that we were doing into that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00580-00137861-00138134 and so there was nothing quite there's
FwcXB5d-oK4-00581-00138135-00138251 nothing outside the ground but now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00582-00138252-00138502 there'll be a lot more outside of it
FwcXB5d-oK4-00583-00138503-00138649 [Music]
FwcXB5d-oK4-00584-00138650-00139010 well good question good question and and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00585-00139011-00139153 it depends on your definition of product
FwcXB5d-oK4-00586-00139154-00139591 isn't it to a certain extent the exactly
FwcXB5d-oK4-00587-00139592-00139910 the that render with the chironji that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00588-00139911-00140084 product should be ready by the end of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00589-00140085-00140338 the year but it's not necessarily
FwcXB5d-oK4-00590-00140339-00140621 certified gone through all kinds of beta
FwcXB5d-oK4-00591-00140622-00140786 testing product it's something that we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00592-00140787-00141164 call a development kit so we could give
FwcXB5d-oK4-00593-00141165-00141425 it to BT or Advil or someone and they
FwcXB5d-oK4-00594-00141426-00141611 could spend two weeks playing with it
FwcXB5d-oK4-00595-00141612-00141824 testing it and I guess trying to break
FwcXB5d-oK4-00596-00141825-00141971 it and then come back to us with
FwcXB5d-oK4-00597-00141972-00142184 feedback so we can modify it for the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00598-00142185-00142465 next one so there's a period of trials
FwcXB5d-oK4-00599-00142466-00142649 to go through and a period of iteration
FwcXB5d-oK4-00600-00142650-00142970 of course and all that but then and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00601-00142971-00143075 that's just the one product that's
FwcXB5d-oK4-00602-00143076-00143203 secured on G which is perhaps simpler
FwcXB5d-oK4-00603-00143204-00143527 but the full quantum key encryption
FwcXB5d-oK4-00604-00143528-00143890 system would be April for that similar
FwcXB5d-oK4-00605-00143891-00144143 kind of level of development next year
FwcXB5d-oK4-00606-00144144-00144350 and then perhaps two years of trialing
FwcXB5d-oK4-00607-00144351-00144575 testing iterating certification stuff
FwcXB5d-oK4-00608-00144576-00144734 two years after that so what's that
FwcXB5d-oK4-00609-00144735-00144923 maybe three years just under three years
FwcXB5d-oK4-00610-00144924-00145680 from now
FwcXB5d-oK4-00611-00145681-00145894 some of the companies that I throat
FwcXB5d-oK4-00612-00145895-00146344 threw up up there so PT will are waiting
FwcXB5d-oK4-00613-00146345-00146653 for it just like when is it ready Dallas
FwcXB5d-oK4-00614-00146654-00146824 will no doubt have it and to play around
FwcXB5d-oK4-00615-00146825-00147117 with we're talking to some cloud data
FwcXB5d-oK4-00616-00147118-00147388 providers in the US about putting it in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00617-00147389-00147649 and signing it over there which we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00618-00147650-00147820 really live in actually that could be
FwcXB5d-oK4-00619-00147821-00148156 one of our first customers we're also
FwcXB5d-oK4-00620-00148157-00148288 talking to another company in the u.s.
FwcXB5d-oK4-00621-00148289-00148501 who secured some infrastructure for the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00622-00148502-00148765 US stock exchange so but that and that's
FwcXB5d-oK4-00623-00148766-00149146 with their financial and I guess endgame
FwcXB5d-oK4-00624-00149147-00149422 but they're they're a bit like BT and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00625-00149423-00149611 yes the telecoms in the u.s. is a bit
FwcXB5d-oK4-00626-00149612-00149809 different to here and but yeah those
FwcXB5d-oK4-00627-00149810-00150136 people was there another question I'm
FwcXB5d-oK4-00628-00150137-00150268 put them back I was gonna give you a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00629-00150269-00151627 microphone but further away computing oh
FwcXB5d-oK4-00630-00151628-00151954 hello quantum computing technology be in
FwcXB5d-oK4-00631-00151955-00152257 place to drive the demand for your your
FwcXB5d-oK4-00632-00152258-00152416 products it's a really good question and
FwcXB5d-oK4-00633-00152417-00152719 it's to a certain extent an unknown we
FwcXB5d-oK4-00634-00152720-00152971 we I mean it comes up in the press way
FwcXB5d-oK4-00635-00152972-00153163 more now than it did before but the
FwcXB5d-oK4-00636-00153164-00153340 number stays the same often it's sort of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00637-00153341-00153517 I don't know 10 years and then a year
FwcXB5d-oK4-00638-00153518-00154018 later it's still 10 so I mean it could
FwcXB5d-oK4-00639-00154019-00154369 be 10 let's say 10 there were some
FwcXB5d-oK4-00640-00154370-00154486 companies that are working in stealth
FwcXB5d-oK4-00641-00154487-00154630 mode as well that are not going to tell
FwcXB5d-oK4-00642-00154631-00154884 you when their stuffs going to be ready
FwcXB5d-oK4-00643-00154885-00155038 absolutely
FwcXB5d-oK4-00644-00155039-00155290 so let's say 10 to 20 then we've got a
FwcXB5d-oK4-00645-00155291-00155581 sort of widen offer Mara bars but I
FwcXB5d-oK4-00646-00155582-00155836 guess one of the things that that weighs
FwcXB5d-oK4-00647-00155837-00155980 saying when we go out and talk into
FwcXB5d-oK4-00648-00155981-00156076 people and this is a massive challenge
FwcXB5d-oK4-00649-00156077-00156208 for us because the threat that we're
FwcXB5d-oK4-00650-00156209-00156361 kind of china counter is not there yet
FwcXB5d-oK4-00651-00156362-00156796 so it's really hard but if data
FwcXB5d-oK4-00652-00156797-00156988 harvesting goes on now already so people
FwcXB5d-oK4-00653-00156989-00157285 can take your stuff and save it and they
FwcXB5d-oK4-00654-00157286-00157597 could still wait until the computer is
FwcXB5d-oK4-00655-00157598-00157963 ready and then unlock it so it depends
FwcXB5d-oK4-00656-00157964-00158277 for some people it depends on what
FwcXB5d-oK4-00657-00158278-00158578 lifespan and your security has to have
FwcXB5d-oK4-00658-00158579-00158794 as to how interested you are in terms of
FwcXB5d-oK4-00659-00158795-00158959 how far that is in the future if
FwcXB5d-oK4-00660-00158960-00159100 your government if you're the UK
FwcXB5d-oK4-00661-00159101-00159252 government and you want something to be
FwcXB5d-oK4-00662-00159253-00159465 secret for 25 years
FwcXB5d-oK4-00663-00159466-00159670 well if a quantum computers come in 15
FwcXB5d-oK4-00664-00159671-00160143 you'd it now so it can appear dependence
FwcXB5d-oK4-00665-00160144-00161702 thank you very much
FwcXB5d-oK4-00666-00161703-00161909 you
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00000-00000142-00002231 [Music]
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00001-00002232-00002503 go
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00002-00002504-00003011 [Music]
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00003-00003012-00003142 [Applause]
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00006-00003400-00003944 do
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00007-00003945-00004815 [Music]
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00008-00004816-00005179 so
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00010-00009795-00010801 [Music]
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00012-00015480-00015871 foreign
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00013-00015872-00016157 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00015-00017551-00018010 do
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00030-00035352-00035824 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00034-00045912-00046518 good
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00035-00046519-00046621 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00037-00048359-00048851 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00044-00059079-00059512 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00048-00064472-00064591 bye
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00052-00068864-00069013 so
Fx6qAzvVDeo-00054-00074792-00075251 so
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Fx6qAzvVDeo-00074-00097583-00097792 you
Fyw6XugiHCg-00000-00000644-00000844 we are
Fyw6XugiHCg-00001-00000846-00001079 um a few minutes out from ending so it's
Fyw6XugiHCg-00002-00001080-00001277 time for us to make sure that we hear
Fyw6XugiHCg-00003-00001278-00001565 from your the audience and hear your
Fyw6XugiHCg-00004-00001566-00001864 questions so I'm going to invite folks
Fyw6XugiHCg-00005-00001866-00002051 to raise their hand and we've got
Fyw6XugiHCg-00006-00002052-00002279 microphones and we've got a good bunch
Fyw6XugiHCg-00007-00002280-00002542 of time to
Fyw6XugiHCg-00008-00002543-00002717 um hear from you all
Fyw6XugiHCg-00009-00002718-00002897 can I make another Point while someone
Fyw6XugiHCg-00010-00002898-00003163 gets the nerve up to get that microphone
Fyw6XugiHCg-00011-00003164-00003449 absolutely absolutely you know I think
Fyw6XugiHCg-00012-00003450-00003575 that
Fyw6XugiHCg-00013-00003576-00003838 you know when I was you know listening
Fyw6XugiHCg-00014-00003839-00004006 to the arguments
Fyw6XugiHCg-00015-00004007-00004354 preparing for my talk with Dr Lynn
Fyw6XugiHCg-00016-00004355-00004841 um when I was sentencing adults I
Fyw6XugiHCg-00017-00004842-00005063 couldn't help but to often feel like I
Fyw6XugiHCg-00018-00005064-00005272 was starting at the wrong end but also
Fyw6XugiHCg-00019-00005273-00005645 couldn't help but to wonder how how much
Fyw6XugiHCg-00020-00005646-00005915 would we even need any of this if we
Fyw6XugiHCg-00021-00005916-00006299 fixed K-12 education in our country hmm
Fyw6XugiHCg-00022-00006300-00006598 yes you know and when we talk about
Fyw6XugiHCg-00023-00006600-00006892 those intervention points you know how
Fyw6XugiHCg-00024-00006893-00007096 how men if we hit those intervention
Fyw6XugiHCg-00025-00007097-00007396 points in K through 12 how many of those
Fyw6XugiHCg-00026-00007397-00007583 people then don't wind up in my
Fyw6XugiHCg-00027-00007584-00007937 courtroom you know right right I speak a
Fyw6XugiHCg-00028-00007938-00008170 lot against my job security but that's
Fyw6XugiHCg-00029-00008172-00008387 okay yeah that's okay but that's okay
Fyw6XugiHCg-00030-00008388-00008549 right you know
Fyw6XugiHCg-00031-00008550-00008759 if you find something else to do right
Fyw6XugiHCg-00032-00008760-00009089 so so you know like you know you we have
Fyw6XugiHCg-00033-00009090-00009437 to ask ourselves you know you know crime
Fyw6XugiHCg-00034-00009438-00009863 is not an isolated thing you know I I
Fyw6XugiHCg-00035-00009864-00010133 never came across someone that woke up
Fyw6XugiHCg-00036-00010134-00010264 and said I'm going to be a criminal
Fyw6XugiHCg-00037-00010265-00010474 today or I woke up and I'm going to get
Fyw6XugiHCg-00038-00010475-00010733 addicted to drugs today
Fyw6XugiHCg-00039-00010734-00011003 um and it really I think to fix things
Fyw6XugiHCg-00040-00011004-00011171 or even when you start thinking about
Fyw6XugiHCg-00041-00011172-00011609 reform you have to think about
Fyw6XugiHCg-00042-00011610-00011891 um everything that goes in around it
Fyw6XugiHCg-00043-00011892-00012059 again the social determinants of Health
Fyw6XugiHCg-00044-00012060-00012337 yeah everything that goes in around that
Fyw6XugiHCg-00045-00012338-00012599 and again whether you're coming at it
Fyw6XugiHCg-00046-00012600-00012958 from the ethical thing to do or whatever
Fyw6XugiHCg-00047-00012959-00013186 um or you're coming at it from a
Fyw6XugiHCg-00048-00013187-00013469 um money perspective if you think about
Fyw6XugiHCg-00049-00013469-00013691 it the pendulum just keeps swinging back
Fyw6XugiHCg-00050-00013691-00013894 and forth don't send anyone to prison
Fyw6XugiHCg-00051-00013895-00014111 send everybody to prison and it just
Fyw6XugiHCg-00052-00014112-00014261 keeps going back and forth and it
Fyw6XugiHCg-00053-00014262-00014458 doesn't seem to have settled right here
Fyw6XugiHCg-00054-00014459-00014765 and I think that someone really smart at
Fyw6XugiHCg-00055-00014766-00014933 University of Michigan if they looked at
Fyw6XugiHCg-00056-00014934-00015041 it
Fyw6XugiHCg-00057-00015041-00015293 um you know this side of the pendulum is
Fyw6XugiHCg-00058-00015294-00015515 very expensive because if you're not
Fyw6XugiHCg-00059-00015516-00015713 sending people to prison that need that
Fyw6XugiHCg-00060-00015713-00015922 the public needs protection from you
Fyw6XugiHCg-00061-00015923-00016097 know it's all the property crimes and
Fyw6XugiHCg-00062-00016097-00016379 everything that comes from that and then
Fyw6XugiHCg-00063-00016380-00016577 if you're sending
Fyw6XugiHCg-00064-00016578-00016780 um people to prison that don't
Fyw6XugiHCg-00065-00016781-00016991 necessarily need to be there then that's
Fyw6XugiHCg-00066-00016992-00017189 that's or no excuse me if you're sending
Fyw6XugiHCg-00067-00017190-00017467 everyone to prison that's expensive too
Fyw6XugiHCg-00068-00017468-00017705 because you know think about what you're
Fyw6XugiHCg-00069-00017706-00017885 sending someone to prison you're dealing
Fyw6XugiHCg-00070-00017886-00018017 with health care you're dealing with
Fyw6XugiHCg-00071-00018018-00018143 clothing them you're dealing with
Fyw6XugiHCg-00072-00018144-00018377 feeding them and all of that so it's
Fyw6XugiHCg-00073-00018378-00018557 very easy to say let's send them to
Fyw6XugiHCg-00074-00018558-00018785 prison and then just forget about them
Fyw6XugiHCg-00075-00018786-00018977 but you have to think about all that
Fyw6XugiHCg-00076-00018978-00019199 that means you have to think about the
Fyw6XugiHCg-00077-00019200-00019450 cost of that you have to think about you
Fyw6XugiHCg-00078-00019451-00019649 know what happens after that you know
Fyw6XugiHCg-00079-00019650-00019991 and even can they get a job you know is
Fyw6XugiHCg-00080-00019992-00020426 is definitely part of that right right
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00000-00002542-00002870 hmm
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00001-00002871-00003511 whoo
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00002-00003511-00003827 that's super-annoying no that monkey
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00003-00003828-00004261 thing I really liked killing a loop
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00004-00004262-00004442 goblin more than that like it's a cool
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00005-00004443-00004645 mechanic but when it goes near the core
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00006-00004646-00004831 and it just bodies you like I don't feel
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00007-00004832-00005759 like it should be that hard higher
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00008-00005760-00006756 tennis
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00009-00006756-00007595 I'm gonna take ability power mm-hmm good
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00010-00007597-00009852 shot buddy oh ow ow [__] why not we
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00011-00009853-00010199 have three squishies and Diablo is our
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00012-00010200-00010665 tank okay thanks son of a [__] we are
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00013-00010666-00011601 you lost this is [__] over understand
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00014-00011602-00011874 why i didn't put well i don't know i
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00016-00015046-00016462 yeah [__]
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00017-00016463-00017286 let the a pepper begin
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00018-00017287-00018035 spotty block body block please is sweet
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00019-00018036-00018500 [__] okay bye just ensuring the kill I
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00020-00018501-00018944 guess we get this look at this can we
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00021-00018945-00021596 get this we get this help me
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00022-00021597-00022496 Oh
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00023-00022497-00023034 oops allied chat is disabled what Oh
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00024-00023035-00023373 does it auto disabled alloy track what
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00025-00023374-00024440 the [__] why would it do that I'm stop
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00026-00024441-00024939 especially social why do I have to
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00027-00024940-00026354 enable allied chat that's [__] weird
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00028-00026355-00026714 ok I like this vortex orb thing it's
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00029-00026716-00028327 kind of nice
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00030-00028327-00028527 don't forget to disable mature language
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00031-00028529-00028699 filter to that always gets reset off the
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00033-00032011-00032406 [__] he keeps flipping her him and I
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00034-00032407-00033362 just can't [__] hit
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00035-00033363-00034145 nice sick life go to trick for PG 13 in
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00036-00034146-00035933 Denver thanks Megan
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00037-00035934-00036530 make sure uh oh no it was disabled
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00038-00036531-00037068 interesting wonder if they reverse that
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00039-00037069-00037635 wonder if they reset the the allied chat
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00040-00037636-00037926 filter instead of the mature language
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00041-00037927-00038556 filter or they know me by now they're
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00042-00038557-00038718 like hey this girl always checks out the
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00043-00038719-00038862 setting I think she actually wants to
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00044-00038863-00039687 keep it thanks
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00045-00039688-00039981 I really have to be that close to the
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00046-00039982-00041268 second thing who
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00047-00041269-00042843 by naughty words meant game is better
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00048-00042844-00044459 yeah I never used white before us before
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00049-00044460-00046098 but today's not the day
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00051-00049483-00050268 I tell as a sale the Raven Lord oh that
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00052-00050269-00050469 actually worked really well i always
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00053-00050470-00050670 forget that my ult resets when people
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00054-00050671-00051117 die so I was [__] hesitated on our
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00055-00051118-00054034 Tennessee would have been done faster
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00056-00054035-00055079 [__] me that's to be expected
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00057-00055080-00055383 what why don't you micro you're muted
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00058-00055384-00055797 [__] go after her so awkward why
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00059-00055798-00056160 don't worst be on our leeming and Jaina
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00060-00056161-00056316 the only two heroes that ride horses
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00061-00056316-00056898 sidesaddle I think so I think it's
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00062-00056899-00057126 because they're wearing dresses in like
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00063-00057127-00057704 all of their skins of course I think
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00064-00057705-00057948 leeming cuz leeming has like leggings on
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00065-00057949-00058149 so I'm pretty sure it's because she is
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00066-00058150-00058395 like a [__] princess like once they
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00067-00058396-00058770 put diva in this game I mean it won't
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00068-00058771-00058923 matter for D because she'll ride around
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00069-00058924-00059289 on her [__] robot or whatever but if
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00070-00059290-00059579 she didn't have a robot in her skin and
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00071-00059580-00059804 I think Hugh trolley rides as I hoped
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00072-00059805-00060092 I'd settle too I think it's like an
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00074-00064979-00066199 [__] yeah oh my god yes let's get the
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00075-00066200-00067387 boss
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00076-00067388-00068785 hmm there's some poison H me go get this
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00078-00072014-00072181 well let's I want to miss a price but
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00079-00072182-00072904 whatever it wants to work
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00080-00072905-00074374 don't back up back up back up
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00081-00074375-00076273 I
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00083-00081371-00081592 okay we only lost one that's not bad
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00084-00081593-00082216 probably rule of oh [__] wow he is so
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00085-00082217-00083076 mad hello are you angry at me oh uh oh
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00086-00083077-00084790 man or worried okay um I magic fireflies
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00087-00084791-00085048 for sure Simon been running in a min at
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00088-00085049-00086070 all
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00089-00086071-00086361 be cute if murky did to Marquis legs are
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00090-00086362-00086778 long enough to even be able to tell ya
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00091-00086779-00086940 like number gets to hold on for dear
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00092-00086941-00087210 life too and so I'm will probably do it
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00093-00087211-00088008 actually probably I got to UM wave of
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00094-00088009-00088275 shooting tires is great welcome to Tom
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00095-00088276-00088440 Clancy's towers of doom in a dystopian
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00096-00088441-00088641 post dragon shower world where Raven
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00097-00088642-00088779 Lord in gravekeeper's collide we must
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00098-00088780-00088914 follow a bit of elite fighters to use
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00099-00088915-00089103 their special talent starts outsmart
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00100-00089104-00090172 their oppressors
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00101-00090173-00090431 Diablo please tell me please tell me
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00102-00090432-00091994 please okay that works I'll take it I'll
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00103-00091995-00092279 take it all right I'm coming we gotta
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00105-00096661-00097875 oh [__] [__] [__] [__] me [__] dammit
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00107-00101038-00101256 I was a really tough position press
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00108-00101257-00101526 fighting like we were like an away
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00109-00101527-00103409 shitty side of that here I don't I
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00110-00103410-00103551 couldn't kill them by myself I don't
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00111-00103552-00105630 think I can no hollow good sneaking sr
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00112-00105631-00106835 tannaz
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00114-00111886-00112757 No
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00115-00112758-00113183 we can wipe them we can get that but we
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00116-00113184-00113628 have to we have to wipe them in order
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00117-00113629-00114093 for that to be worse don't start that oh
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00118-00114094-00116286 my god
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00119-00116288-00117879 okay let it reset letter reset
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00120-00117880-00118761 these mercenaries rolled
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00121-00118763-00120532 you
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00122-00120533-00121101 oh just made it up it's this College
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00123-00121102-00122228 dissertation
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00125-00126903-00127944 on stay alive stay alive
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00127-00131249-00131562 come on gillett no kill him please
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00128-00131563-00132129 seriously what the [__] [__] oh that's
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00129-00132130-00133233 so [__] they're so beyond [__] I
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00130-00133234-00133483 don't understand how he lived through
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00131-00133484-00133723 that how no one decided hitting him once
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00132-00133724-00135331 would be a good idea she took tal Rasha
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00133-00135332-00137032 so that's good
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00134-00137033-00138127 if you have [__] [__]
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00135-00138128-00139423 son of a [__] why not
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00137-00143162-00144458 Oh will be ours
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00138-00144459-00145047 carzon [__] [__] son of a [__] if only
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00139-00145048-00145335 if only Jaina had literally turned
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00140-00145336-00146249 around and slowed him
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00141-00146250-00146855 this man money
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00142-00146856-00147111 all she had to do is throw a frost bolt
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00143-00147112-00147318 immediately behind her and I would have
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00144-00147319-00148079 been fine
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00145-00148080-00148667 oh my [__] god wait to the last
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00146-00148668-00148844 minute to [__] ancestral yourself are
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00147-00148845-00149603 you kidding me it's real for you I to
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00148-00149604-00150425 him
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00150-00154297-00154612 these mercenaries will fight for us or
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00151-00154613-00156301 die
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00152-00156302-00156580 yeah [__] wait for Diablo for [__]
F_QPVOYoZEQ-00154-00160837-00161292 if only they could see me now
FCtG1pk_-DE-00000-00000400-00000599 okay
FCtG1pk_-DE-00001-00000600-00001135 recording okay
FCtG1pk_-DE-00002-00001136-00001366 sitting in the void
FCtG1pk_-DE-00003-00001367-00001487 by me
FCtG1pk_-DE-00004-00001488-00001967 evan
FCtG1pk_-DE-00005-00001968-00002183 sitting in the void everything around is
FCtG1pk_-DE-00006-00002184-00002350 unflawed
FCtG1pk_-DE-00007-00002351-00002591 sitting in the void the laws of physics
FCtG1pk_-DE-00008-00002592-00002791 are outlawed
FCtG1pk_-DE-00009-00002792-00002999 sitting in the void sipping my cosmic
FCtG1pk_-DE-00010-00003000-00003158 white claw
FCtG1pk_-DE-00011-00003159-00003335 sitting in the void fighting against
FCtG1pk_-DE-00012-00003336-00003606 nothing in southpaw
FCtG1pk_-DE-00013-00003607-00003831 sitting in the void lungs move but i'm
FCtG1pk_-DE-00014-00003832-00003999 not breathing
FCtG1pk_-DE-00015-00004000-00004215 sitting in the void eyes look but i'm
FCtG1pk_-DE-00016-00004216-00004343 not seeing
FCtG1pk_-DE-00017-00004344-00004559 sitting in the void i cut my finger but
FCtG1pk_-DE-00018-00004560-00004759 i'm not bleeding
FCtG1pk_-DE-00019-00004760-00004919 sitting in the void running through
FCtG1pk_-DE-00020-00004920-00005238 infinity feels so freeing
FCtG1pk_-DE-00021-00005239-00005438 sitting in the void with nowhere to go
FCtG1pk_-DE-00022-00005439-00005638 and nothing to do
FCtG1pk_-DE-00023-00005639-00005854 sitting in the void with just i
FCtG1pk_-DE-00024-00005855-00006079 my concept of you
FCtG1pk_-DE-00025-00006080-00006270 sitting in the void got me feeling kind
FCtG1pk_-DE-00026-00006271-00006422 of blue
FCtG1pk_-DE-00027-00006423-00006639 but i wouldn't know what color is
FCtG1pk_-DE-00028-00006640-00006863 i wouldn't have a clue
FCtG1pk_-DE-00029-00006864-00007039 sitting in the void something grabbed my
FCtG1pk_-DE-00030-00007040-00007167 attention
FCtG1pk_-DE-00031-00007168-00007342 instead of sitting here like a child
FCtG1pk_-DE-00032-00007343-00007519 stuck in detention
FCtG1pk_-DE-00033-00007520-00007719 why not make something and make it
FCtG1pk_-DE-00034-00007720-00007951 worthy of mention
FCtG1pk_-DE-00035-00007952-00008151 and that's when the universe
FCtG1pk_-DE-00036-00008152-00008492 had its conception
FDT1aVumzRu-00000-00000149-00000518 dza ohm in Chinese Zalman Zalman is
FDT1aVumzRu-00001-00000519-00000781 among mean language of China now
FDT1aVumzRu-00002-00000782-00001132 2004 to 306 reports a total of more than
FDT1aVumzRu-00003-00001133-00001397 60,000 speakers in lienen County and
FDT1aVumzRu-00004-00001398-00001607 yangshin County of Guangdong and Enya's
FDT1aVumzRu-00005-00001607-00001864 and County of Hunan the speakers from
FDT1aVumzRu-00006-00001866-00002087 the pie Wang dong are also called the
FDT1aVumzRu-00007-00002088-00002900 pie Yau by Yau distribution the Changjo
FDT1aVumzRu-00008-00002901-00003208 prefecture gazetteer 1996 reports that
FDT1aVumzRu-00009-00003209-00003835 there are 1,200 papaya papaya or Zalman
FDT1aVumzRu-00010-00003836-00004109 Zalman in Wang Jia pan village who long
FDT1aVumzRu-00011-00004110-00004385 Japan con man shan township mang Shan
FDT1aVumzRu-00012-00004386-00004640 Shan you Zhang County kunnen they are
FDT1aVumzRu-00013-00004641-00004835 reported to have migrated from typing
FDT1aVumzRu-00014-00004836-00005056 dong typing dong Qiang gia District
FDT1aVumzRu-00015-00005057-00005302 Changjo qu yang Zhong County Guangdong
FDT1aVumzRu-00016-00005303-00005593 in the 16th century
FDT1aVumzRu-00017-00005594-00005934 long buoy 2011 covers the six soundmen
FDT1aVumzRu-00018-00005935-00006175 dialects of dapping dot pain Julie out
FDT1aVumzRu-00019-00006176-00006429 jung Liao main Shan Mei Xiang nan Gong
FDT1aVumzRu-00020-00006430-00006691 nan gang pancha pancha and Yuling you
FDT1aVumzRu-00021-00006692-00006952 Ling long reports that other than in
FDT1aVumzRu-00022-00006953-00007198 lienen County small pockets of Zhou min
FDT1aVumzRu-00023-00007198-00007581 speakers are located in typing down
FDT1aVumzRu-00024-00007583-00007768 village Cheng Jia district yangshin
FDT1aVumzRu-00025-00007769-00008073 County young Sean Xian change aku Tai
FDT1aVumzRu-00026-00008075-00008514 ping Donkin Wang Jia bang village main
FDT1aVumzRu-00027-00008515-00008746 shan township you Zane County yi-jeong
FDT1aVumzRu-00028-00008747-00009021 shi Yan Ming Shan Hsiung who owns a bank
FDT1aVumzRu-00029-00009022-00009502 on long sieve Ilic dumping Township ruin
FDT1aVumzRu-00030-00009503-00009793 County Rou yuan Xian dong ting gen long
FDT1aVumzRu-00031-00009794-00010221 she can Leone Chen County Liang Shan
FDT1aVumzRu-00032-00010222-00010638 shuang's ooh you Zhu Zhi Zhi Shi on
FDT1aVumzRu-00033-00010639-00010899 yangchen County Yuen Chung Chien in
FDT1aVumzRu-00034-00010900-00011107 wigging way gang gen and young in young
FDT1aVumzRu-00035-00011108-00011410 name gen towns in young mean town young
FDT1aVumzRu-00036-00011411-00011602 named Jen there are some elderly zhou
FDT1aVumzRu-00037-00011603-00011835 min locally known as pi alpha yao
FDT1aVumzRu-00038-00011836-00012094 speakers surnamed my my who are located
FDT1aVumzRu-00039-00012095-00012330 in tea Gong tae Gong Yazoo Khan village
FDT1aVumzRu-00040-00012331-00012541 on the other hand the grow Shin Yao hua
FDT1aVumzRu-00041-00012542-00012741 Shan Yao of neighboring hang dong yang
FDT1aVumzRu-00042-00012742-00012946 dong Yazoo Khan village who belong to
FDT1aVumzRu-00043-00012947-00013169 the Jojo clan can all speak you mean
FDT1aVumzRu-00044-00013170-00013611 Yong Chun County has 8200 28 ethnic now
FDT1aVumzRu-00045-00013612-00013944 and 450 yao speakers there are also
FDT1aVumzRu-00046-00013945-00014158 ethnic Yao living in Yong wrong village
FDT1aVumzRu-00047-00014159-00014422 Yong wrong now Suzy G Khan of Yan Cheng
FDT1aVumzRu-00048-00014422-00014650 County
FDT1aVumzRu-00049-00014651-00015244 references Mao Zhong woo mouths and woo
FDT1aVumzRu-00050-00015246-00015650 2004 Yasu me and you Fang Yan Yan Julia
FDT1aVumzRu-00051-00015651-00015916 zu me and you feign Yan Yan jus a study
FDT1aVumzRu-00052-00015918-00016253 of mean dialect Beijing min zu Qiu
FDT1aVumzRu-00053-00016254-00016649 banshee min Zhu Zhu banshee